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JOHN   TRADESCANT   THE  ELDER 


EARLY 
BRITISH  BOTANISTS 


AND  THEIR  GARDENS 

BASED  ON  UNPUBLISHED  WRITINGS  OF 

GOODYER,  TRADESCANT,  AND  OTHERS 

BY 

R.  T.  GUNTHER,  M.A.,  F.L.S. 

LIBRARIAN  AND  RESEARCH  FELLOW  OF  MAGDALEN  COLLEGE 


With  Nine  Plates  and  Twenty-one  other  Illustrations 


OXFORD 

PRINTED  BY  FREDERICK  HALL  FOR  THE  AUTHOR 
AT  THE  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 


H 


SQENCe 

QK 
21 

G7Gi 


Priatcd  in  England 


PREFACE 


The  following  accounts  of  some  Botanists  of  the 
Elizabethan  and  Jacobean  age  have  gathered  around  the 
literary  remains  of  one  who,  but  twelve  years  ago,  was 
introduced  to  us  as  'A  forgotten  Botanist  of  the  seven- 
teenth Century By  a  strange  hazard  we  can  now  come 
closer  to  John  Goodyer  through  his  own  writings  than 
to  any  of  the  contemporaries  whose  names  have  been 
writ  larger  on  the  roll  of  the  history  of  botany :  and 
through  him,  other  botanists  of  distinction  have  been 
made  known,  who  otherwise  would  have  remained  in 
almost  total  oblivion  ;  for  as  a  modern  authority  has 
recently  discovered,  '  Every  writer  of  the  period  owned 
help  from  Goodyer  in  one  way  or  another'.^ 

The  Goodyer  papers  serve  to  illustrate  missing  chapters 
in  the  histories  of  Botany  and  Horticulture  in  that  most 
interesting  period  of  British  Science,  the  hundred  years 
which  preceded  the  foundation  of  the  Royal  Society. 
Authors  of  standard  histories  of  British  Botany,  largely 
based  on  German  authority,  have  been  apt  to  skim  rapidly 
over  this  period,  in  which  several  of  our  countrymen  were 
in  some  respects  well  abreast  of  Linnaeus.  And  these 
manuscripts  with  all  the  annotated  books,  which  Goodyer 
bequeathed  to  Magdalen  College  in  1664,  are  probably 
the  completest  and  most  useful  collection,  for  a  study  of 
English  Botany  that  was  not  merely  pre-Linnean,  but  was 
pre-Morisonian  and  pre-Raian  as  well. 

In  his  scientific  attitude  of  mind  Goodyer  was  superior 
to  several  of  the  first  members  of  the  Royal  Society. 

^  White,  Bristol  Flora,  p.  57. 


iv 


PREFACE 


He  had  no  use  for  the  superstitions  of  Ashmole  or 
Aubrey,  nor  would  he,  Hke  Sir  Kenelm  Digby,  have  fed 
his  wife  on  capons  fattened  with  the  flesh  of  vipers  in 
order  to  preserve  her  beauty.  Nor  would  he,  like  the 
credulous  Sir  R.  Moray,  have  seen  tiny  geese,  perfectly 
shaped,  in  little  shells  adhering  to  trees  among  the  western 
islands  of  Scotland. 

His  notes  begin  in  1616,  show  the  period  of  his  greatest 
activity  to  have  been  in  162J,  and  become  fewer  after 
1633.  The  material  came  into  my  hands  in  the  form  of 
thousands  of  scraps  of  paper  in  disorder  and  in  various 
handwritings.  These  had  first  to  be  sorted  and  bound ; 
and  then,  although  Goodyer  could,  and  did  generally 
write  a  remarkably  clear  hand,  his  jotted  notes  are 
scribbles,  and  exceedingly  difficult  to  read.  In  some  cases 
weeks  elapsed  before  the  meaning  of  the  more  difficult 
passages  dawned  upon  me,  and  even  with  expert  help, 
there  are  still  unread  words  in  our  text.  Our  readers 
will  kindly  remember  that  many  notes,  that  we  have 
printed  as  indications  of  occupations  and  interests,  were 
solely  intended  for  the  eye  of  the  writer. 

Further  biographical  details  have  been  gleaned  from 
visits  to  various  parts  of  the  country,  from  ledgers 
relating  to  College  estates,  from  the  parish  registers  of 
several  Hampshire  towns,  from  the  account  books  of  the 
Weston  Charity  at  Petersfield,  from  wills  at  Somerset 
House. 

As  the  work  progressed  new  facts  relating  to  Goodyer  s 
botanical  contemporaries  emerged,  which  were  scarcely 
less  interesting  than  those  relating  to  himself  Except 
in  the  papers  which  we  now  describe,  there  is  no  other 
surviving  record  of  their  work  for  Botany  or  Horticulture. 
This  is  due  in  some  measure  to  the  disturbances  of  the 
Civil  War,  partly  too  to  the  death  of  such  workers  as 


PREFACE 


V 


How,  Dale,  and  Johnson  at  an  early  age,  and  before  the 
complete  publication  of  their  v^^ork,  and  partly  to  the 
absence  at  that  early  period  of  any  School  of  English 
Botany  or  of  any  botanical  journal. 

Thanks  to  Goodyer  we  are  now  able  to  print  much  new 
matter  relating  to  the  plant-records  of  Sir  John  Salusbury, 
William  Mount,  Richard  Shanne,  Walter  Stonehouse, 
William  How,  Dr.  John  Dale,  and  others,  to  publish 
many  '  first  evidences '  of  the  plants  of  Kent,  Hampshire, 
and  other  counties,  and  to  list  the  garden  plants  grown 
by  John  Coys,  John  Parkinson,  the  elder  Tradescant, 
and  Morison ;  and  in  some  instances  from  their  original 
writings.  To  many,  our  lists  of  pre-Linnean  plant-names  may 
appear  uninteresting,  but  we  believe  that  such  publication 
is  a  necessary  preliminary  to  the  preparation  of  any  com- 
prehensive monograph  on  the  subject  of  the  introduction 
of  plants  into  English  Gardens,  whence  a  few,  e.  g.  the 
Italian  Ivy-leaved  Toadflax,  have  run  wild  all  over  the 
country. 

If  in  this  compilation  I  have  disentangled  a  few  of  the 
knots  in  that  ancient  skein  of  names  and  dates,  I  rest 
satisfied.  I  know  that  the  fabric  is  left  with  plenty  of 
'ends'  for  other  workers,  and,  like  the  Irishman's  net,  is 
full  of  holes. 

It  remains  for  me  to  acknowledge  my  obligations  to 
my  College,  not  only  for  having  given  me  the  opportunity 
of  finding  and  arranging  the  Goodyerian  manuscripts,  but 
also  for  having  made  a  most  substantial  contribution 
towards  the  heavy  cost  of  the  printing.  St.  John's  and 
Jesus  Colleges  have  likewise  assisted  with  grants  in  aid 
of  the  publication  of  the  plant  records  of  How  and 
Salusbury,  distinguished  members  of  their  respective 
Societies,  and  the  Delegates  of  the  Clarendon  Press  have 
assisted  financially  at  a  very  difficult  time  and  by  the  loan 


vi 


PREFACE 


of  their  block  of  the  Tradescant  portrait.  Mr.  J.  Murray 
has  lent  blocks  of  Lobel  and  Parkinson.  Miss  Lacell 
permitted  me  to  look  over  Goodyer's  house  in  Petersfield 
and  Mr.  C.  Branfill  Russell  pointed  out  the  vestiges  of 
Coys's  house  and  garden.  The  design  of  a  partridge  with 
a  good  ear  of  wheat  in  its  bill,  which  is  impressed  on  the 
binding  of  this  volume,  is  the  crest  of  Mr.  Edward  Goodyear, 
who  has  kindly  lent  the  stamps  with  which  all  the  books 
bequeathed  to  Magdalen  College  by  his  kinsman  have  been 
marked. 

I  have  derived  much  advantage  from  the  printed  works 
of  my  predecessors,  Canon  Vaughan  the  'discoverer', 
Miss  Wotton  the  '  pioneer ',  and  Mr.  Druce  the  '  producer ' 
of  the  forgotten  Hampshire  botanist  of  the  Seventeenth 
Century.  On  certain  doubtful  points  I  have  had  the 
advantage  of  the  experience  of  Dr.  Church,  and  in  the 
reading  of  difficult  passages,  of  Messrs.  Salter,  Driver, 
Craster,  and  Gambier-Parry. 

My  grateful  acknowledgements  are  due  to  my  friends 
Sir  David  Prain,  Professor  Keeble,  the  officers  of  the 
Botanical  Department  of  the  British  Museum,  Dr.  Rendel 
and  Mr.  James  Britten  ;  Dr.  Stapf  of  the  Kew  Herbarium, 
and  especially  Dr.  Day  don  Jackson,  the  biographer  of 
Gerard  and  Turner.  To  all  I  must  express  my  thanks  for 
much  valuable  assistance.  I  have  also  to  thank  my  wife 
for  sacrificing  much  time  in  the  labour  of  revising  both 
manuscript  and  proofs. 

R.  T.  GUNTHER. 


Magdalen  College. 
February  1922. 


CONTENTS 


I 

Life  of  John  Goodver  

II 

Descriptions  of  Plants  by  Goodyer 

III 

The  Goodyer's  Botanical  Library 

IV 

Notes  on  Contemporary  Botanists 

V 

Lists  of  Plants  grown  in  English  Gardens 

VI 

Lists  of  Exotic  Plants  

VII 

Goodyer's  Miscellaneous  Papers  . 

INDEXES 

Goodyer's  List  of  Plants  (Index  I) 

II.  Index  of  Plants  .  .  .  .  . 
III.    Index  of  Persons,  Places,  and  Things 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS 


PAGE 

John  Tradescant        ......  Frontispiece 

Map  of  South-east  Hampshire  4 

Mapledurham  House  .  7 

The  Garden  at  Stubbers  .....  facing  16 
Mill-mountain     .........  22 

Jerusalem  Artichoke   23 

Sheet  Mill  facing     a 8 

Goodyer's  four  Elms  39-4^ 

Goodyer's  signature   ........  55 

Plan  of  Petersfield  64 

Goodyer's  House  in  the  Spain    ....      facing  64 

Goodyer's  House  in  the  Spain  ......  66 

Interlinear  Translation  of  Dioscorides  .  .  facing  84 
Drawings  by  Goodyer       .......  99 

Potamogeton  124-125 

Description  of  Yew    .       .       .       .       .       .       .  .169 

The  Heath  at  Petersfield  facing  188 

Notes  in  Ray's  Catalogus  .       .       .       .       .       .  -223 

Lobel  246 

j  Old  Testimonial  to  Lobel .....       facing  248 

(  Sonnet  dedicated  to  Lobel       ....  „  249 

Signatures  to  Lobel's  second  Testimonial        .       .       .  250 
John  Parkinson  .........  266 

j  Letter      .....      facing  276 

(  First  Draft  of  a  British  Flora  by  How   .       .       facing  276 
Yucca        ..........  313 

Tradescant's  Title-Page     .......  334 


THE  LIFE  OF  JOHN  GOODYER 


John  Goodyer  was  bom  at  Alton  in  Hampshire  in  1592.^ 
Possibly  he  first  saw  the  light  in  a  house  belonging  to 
Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  the  College  which  both  through 
its  landed  property  in  the  Petersfield  district,  through 
Goodyer's  relationship  to  its  tenants  and  bailiffs,  and 
through  the  scientific  members  of  its  foundation,  was  so 
fully  to  win  his  confidence  and  affection,  that  in  his  last  will 
and  testament  he  bequeathed  to  it  his  most  cherished 
possession,  his  botanical  library  and  manuscripts.  These 
materials  are  now  available  for  the  reconstruction  of  his 
life  and  work. 

His  father,  Reginald  Goodyer,  appears  several  times 
in  the  College  books.^  There  is  a  copy  of  the  terms  on 
which  the  then  President,  William  Langton,  and  the 
Fellows  of  the  College  leased  to  '  Reginald  Goodyeare 
a  yeoman  of  the  parish  of  St.  Laurence  in  Alton,  the  farm 
called  Beeches  Place  and  the  wood  called  Priors  Reade 
now  or  late  in  the  tenure  of  Henry  Mervyn,  Esq.,  at  an 
annual  rent  of  /^4.  35.  4^.  together  with  two  quarters  of 
'  good,  sweete,  &  marchantable  wheate,  and  furthermore 
3  quarters  of  good  sweete  make  to  be  delivered  within 
the  said  College or  their  value  in  money  according  to  the 
prices  of  the  Oxford  market. 

^  I  have  no  knowledge  of  an  entry  in  any  Baptismal  Register.  The  year  has 
probably  been  calculated  from  his  Marriage  Licence  which  states  his  age  as 
forty  in  1632. 

2  The  entry  in  Ledger  K  is  dated  27  July  1614,  and  on  f.  188  there  is  a  further 
entry  made  in  161 9,  when  the  name  is  spelt  Reginald  Goodier.  According  to 
information  from  Miss  Wotton,  Reginald  Goodyer  had  previously  paid  taxes 
direct  from  Alton  in  1600,  and  was  described  in  a  Star  Chamber  Case  as 
a  yeoman  of  Alton  in  1605.  Then  {Star  Chamber  Proc.  Ja7nes  I,  204-13)  he 
gave  evidence  for  Sir  Richard  Pawlett,  showing  intimate  acquaintance  with  the 
manor  of  Herriard,  where  his  father  was  living  in  1572,  and  with  the  hamlet  of 
Southropp.  It  is  possible  that  he  was  a  sub-tenant  of  Beeches  Place  under 
Henry  Mervyn,  before  he  held  it  under  a  direct  lease  from  the  College. 

B 


2 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Concerning  Reginald's  family  history  we  have  no 
knowledge.  His  wife  Ann,  who  predeceased  him,  bore 
him  two  sons  and  two  daughters:  Lewis,  b.  1579,  d.  1655, 
Rose,  Ann,  and  John,  b.  1592.  Lewis  had  at  least  eight 
children  and  left  numerous  descendants ;  Rose  married 
William  Yalden ;  Ann  married  Richard  Pratt  and  had 
three  sons ;  and  John,  the  subject  of  this  memoir,  had  an 
only  daughter  Elizabeth. 

The  Yaldens  were  still  more  closely  connected  with 
Magdalen  College.  In  i  593  William  Yalden,  perhaps  the 
father  of  John's  brother-in-law,  leased  from  Magdalen 
farm-lands  in  Sheet,  near  Petersfield,  known  as  Brooke- 
land,  Skindre,  Shirk  leyes,  and  Pulyns.  As  early  as  1587 
(30  Elizabeth)  with  *  Dorothie  his  wyffe '  he  rented  Sheet 
mills,  and  in  1596  acting  as  the  College  bailiff,  collected 
the  College  rents,  ^171  55.  3^.  from  Selborne  and 
;^i8  9^.  6d.  from  Petersfelde.  In  1597,  he  was  appointed 
steward  for  the  holding  of  courts  and  leets  within  the 
borough  of  Petersfield,  by  Th.  Hanbury  of  Buriton,  who 
had  recently  purchased  the  property.  The  lease  for  the 
Sheet  mills  mentions  '  water  mills,  a  wheat  mill  and  a  malt 
mill,  together  with  all  the  waters,  watercourses,  ponds, 
fishinge,  banckes,  baies,  and  fludgates  thereunto  belonging, 
with  free  libertie  to  digg  turfe  in  the  great  moore '.  Even 
the  legal  document  is  redolent  of  the  natural  amenities, 
for  which  the  rent  was  £^  65.  Zd.  and  half  a  crown  in  1618. 
William  Yalden,  described  as  of  the  diocese  of  Chichester, 
was  the  College  Clerk  of  the  Account  from  1616  to  1643  J 
and  among  the  other  College  tenants  were  Crusophilus 
Yalden  at  Roplie  Farm  (16 18)  and  Henrie  Yalden  in  the 
Spaine  in  Petersfield. 

John  Goodyers  nephew  and  heir,  the  Rev.  Edmund 
Yalden,  son  of  William  Yalden  of  Sheet,  gen.,  became  a 
Demy  and  Fellow  of  Magdalen,  1630  to  1642,  when  he 
resigned  his  fellowship  on  being  presented  to  the  Rectory 
of  Compton  in  Surrey.  Sheet  was  a  botanical  locality 
often  mentioned  by  Goodyer. 


GOODYER'S  COUNTRY 


3 


The  Goodyer  country  is  perhaps  better  known  to,  though 
less  visited  by  the  EngHsh  reader,  than  any  other  inland 
area  in  England.  Its  natural  features  and  attractions  have 
been  made  widely  known  by  the  premier  work  on  nature 
study  in  our  language,  the  classic  Natural  History  of 
Selborne,  by  Gilbert  White. 

This  country  in  which  John  Goodyer  lived  extends 
among  the  chalk  hills  at  the  junction  of  the  North  and 
South  Downs,  on  and  around  one  of  the  principal  watersheds 
of  south  Britain.  Born  in  the  valley  of  the  Wey,  whose 
waters  flow  into  the  Thames,  he  passed  his  young  manhood 
at  Droxford  on  the  Meon,  which  runs  straight  down  to  the 
Solent  six  miles  west  of  Portsmouth ;  while  at  Petersfield 
he  lived  by  the  sources  of  the  Rother,  whose  waters, 
mingling  with  those  of  the  Arun,  enter  the  English  Channel 
at  Arundel.  A  cyclist  could  visit  all  his  homes  in  an 
afternoon. 

As  Gilbert  White  said  a  century  and  a  half  later,  in  this 
district  *  so  diversified  with  such  a  variety  of  hill  and  dale, 
aspects  and  soils,  it  is  no  wonder  that  great  choice  of 
plants  should  be  found.  Chalks,  clays,  sands,  sheep-walks 
and  downs,  bogs,  heaths,  woodlands,  and  champaign  fields 
cannot  but  furnish  an  ample  Flora.  The  deep  rocky  lanes 
abound  with  filices,  and  the  pastures  and  moist  woods  with 
fungi.  If  in  any  branch  of  botany  we  may  seem  to  be 
wanting,  it  must  be  in  the  large  aquatic  plants,  which  are 
not  to  be  expected  on  a  spot  far  removed  from  rivers,  and 
lying  up  amidst  the  hill  country  at  the  spring  heads 
And  yet  perhaps  it  was  just  this  upland  character  of  his 
native  country  that  caused  Goodyer  to  pay  especial  attention 
to  water  plants  whenever  he  came  across  them,  an  atten- 
tion of  which  the  reward  was  several  most  remarkable 
discoveries.  He  added  at  least  a  dozen  aquatics  to  the 
British  flora. 

Nor  are  the  literary  associations  of  this  favoured  spot 
confined  to  the  name  of  Gilbert  White.  Droxford  is 
remembered  as  the  village  where  Izaak  Walton  passed 

B  2 


4 


JOHN  GOODYER 


the  last  years  of  his  Hfe,  Steventon  was  the  cradle  and 
Chawton  the  inspiration  of  the  genius  of  Jane  Austen, 
for  if  Pride  and  Prejudice  and  Sense  and  Sensibility  were 
composed  at  the  former,  Emma,  Ma^isfield  Park,  and 
Persuasion  were  produced  at  the  latter ;  while  Buriton  was 
the  home  of  the  childhood  of  Edward  Gibbon,  who  always 


Sketch-Map  of  South-East  Hampshire. 


cherished  fond  recollections  of  its  natural  beauties.  '  The 
aspect  of  the  adjacent  grounds  was  various  and  cheerful : 
the  Downs  commanded  the  prospect  of  the  sea,  and  the 
long  hanging  woods  in  sight  of  the  house  could  not  perhaps 
have  been  improved  by  art  or  expense/  Such  is  the 
appreciation  of  the  place  in  the  Autobiography  of  the  great 
historian. 


GOODYER'S  COUNTRY 


5 


The  localities  most  frequently  mentioned  in  the  Goodyer 
papers  are  Alton  on  the  high  road  from  London  to 
Winchester  and  about  half-way  between  Farnham  and 
Alresford,  three  miles  east  of  which  is  Ropley.  To  the 
north-east  and  south-west  of  Alton  are  Holybourne  and 
Chawton  respectively.  Bramshott  and  Liphook  lie  to  the 
east,  Selborne  to  the  west  of  Woolmer  Forest. 

The  Petersfield  localities  lie  in  a  ring  of  about  two  miles 
radius  from  the  town :  Steep  due  north  ;  Sheet  to  north- 
east on  the  London- Portsmouth  road,  Durford  Abbey  due 
east,  Buriton  due  south,  overhung  by  Butser  Hill  on  the 
west.  The  Forest  of  Bere  is  about  eight  miles  south  of 
Petersfield  ;  while  in  the  south-west  quarter  lie  Hambledon, 
seven  miles,  and  Droxford  and  Soberton  about  eight  miles 
distant.  Petersfield  is  about  twenty  miles  from  Southampton 
and  about  sixteen  miles  from  Winchester :  Idsworth  is 
about  six  miles  south.  Bursledon  Ferry  over  the  Hamble 
is  about  four  miles  from  Southampton. 

In  Goodyer's  day,  according  to  a  survey  of  the  manor 
of  East  Meon  taken  on  31  July  1647,  'The  "bacon" 
(beacon-fire)  on  Butser  Hill  was  usually  supplied  out  of  the 
coppices  of  Hyden  woods  both  with  timber  and  fuel. 
Stroud  Common  was  overgrown  with  bushes  which  the 
tenants  claim  a  right  unto  for  making  and  mending  their 
fences,  but  the  great  wood  belonging  to  the  lord  was  of  late 
destroyed  except  some  very  little  and  young  oaks  all  at 
present  not  worth  above  305.'  In  the  defining  of  the 
boundaries  of  the  manor,  several  large  trees  are  mentioned 
which  must  have  been  well-known  landmarks  to  Goodyer. 
They  included  the  yew-tree  at  Wheatham  Green,  '  a  great 
oak  standing  in  the  midst  of  Chescombe,  and  so  abutting 
upon  the  manor  of  Berriton  and  Mapledurham  upon  the 
south-east',  and  a  great  ash  standing  on  the  side  of 
Butser  Hill.^ 

We  have  no  information  as  to  Goodyer's  schooling. 
We  know  that  he  was  not  educated  either  at  Winchester 

^  Vict.  County  Hist.  Hants,  iii,  p.  67. 


6 


JOHN  GOODYER 


or  at  Oxford  :  it  may  be  that  he  went  to  the  local  Grammar 
School  at  Alton. 

His  translations  of  Theophrastus  and  Dioscorides  show 
that,  like  many  men  of  science,  he  appreciated  the  classics, 
and  that  he  was  a  considerable  Greek  scholar  for  his  time. 
His  library  included  Latin,  Greek,  French,  Italian,  Dutch, 
and  German  books  :  his  notes  show  that  he  was  well  able 
to  find  his  way  about  them,  even  though  he  was  not  very 
familiar  with  '  Duch  and  the  Teutonick*. 

As  regards  his  walk  in  life  we  have  evidence  from  many 
scraps  of  paper,  often  torn,  upon  which  he  scribbled  botanical 
notes,  drafted  letters,  kept  accounts,  wrote  prescriptions,  &c. 
The  original  writings  upon  these  papers  generally  relate 
to  legal  proceedings,  village  affairs,  the  collection  of  tithe 
and  taxes,  while  two  or  three  documents  definitely  associate 
Goodyer  with  Sir  Thomas  Bilson,  Knight,  of  West 
Mapledurham,  as  his  steward  or  agent. 

Goodyer's  service  with  the  Bilsons  is  of  some  importance, 
because  all  who  have  hitherto  written  of  him  have  followed 
Johnson  in  describing  him  as  John  Goodyer  of  Mapledurham, 
thereby  suggesting  that  he  was  a  landed  proprietor  in  that 
place.  Moreover,  the  name  by  confusion  with  the  well-known 
Mapledurham  on  the  Thames,  has  led  to  the  concealment  of 
John's  identity,  as,  for  instance,  when  the  editor  of  the 
Flora  of  Hampshire  Y^mdsks  in  1883  that  as  Maple  Durham 
is  in  Oxfordshire,  Goodyer's  Maple  Durham  was  a  possible 
misprint  for  Maple  Durwell,  near  Basingstoke ! 

A  clear  account  of  the  exact  relations  of  the  Hampshire 
Mapledurhams  is  given  in  the  Victoria  County  History  of 
Hampshire.  They  are  situate  in  the  parish  of  Buriton 
in  the  hundred  of  Finchdean.  From  an  original  manor 
of  Mapledurham,  dating  from  before  the  conquest,  were 
divided  a  chief  manor  of  Mapledurham,  formerly  held  by 
the  Gibbons,  and  now  by  the  Bonham-Carter  family,  and 
the  manor  of  West  Mapledurham  which  Bishop  Bilson 
purchased  :  it  is  now  held  by  a  member  of  the  Legge 
family.    Then  there  is  Weston,  a  tithing  in  the  parish  of 


SIR  THOMAS  BILSON 


7 


Buriton,  which  is  believed  to  have  been  roughly  co-extensive 
with  the  manor  of  West  Mapledurham,  and  likewise  belongs 
to  Mr.  Legge.  The  old  manor-house  of  West  Mapledurham 
was  pulled  down  in  1829,  and  there  is  no  tradition  of  any 
other  old  house  in  the  district.  The  present  Farm  House 
of  Weston  was  built  in  1776.^ 

Sir  Thomas  Bilson  s  father,  Thomas,  Bishop  of  Winchester 
1597— 1616,  purchased  the  manor  of  West  Mapledurham  in 


Mapledurham  House. 


1605  from  the  widow  and  sons  of  the  recusant  Henry  Shelley. 
On  the  death  of  the  Bishop  in  16 16,  the  manor  descended 
to  the  eldest  son  Thomas  '  aged  twenty-four  and  more '  and 
on  the  latter  s  death  in  1649  to  the  second  son  Leonard. 

The  manor-house  was  a  house  with  a  history.  During 
the  occupation  of  the  Shelleys  it  had  been  a  centre  where 
Papists  foregathered  during  the  latter  part  of  the  sixteenth 
century.  There  in  1586  the  recusant  Edward  Jones  used 
daily  to  '  consociate  withal  and  heard  mass  every  day 
There  were  '  priest's  holes '  which  must  have  been  a  great 
joy  to  the  Bilson  boys  :  '  there  is  a  hollow  place  in  the 
parlour  by  the  livery  cupboard  where  two  men  may  well 

*  Information  from  Capt.  P.  Seward. 


8 


JOHN  GOODYER 


lie  together,  which  has  many  times  deceived  the  searchers ' ; 
and  elsewhere  '  under  a  little  table  is  a  vault,  with  a  grate 
of  iron  for  a  light  into  the  garden,  as  it  were  the  window 
of  a  cellar,  and  against  the  grate  groweth  rosemarye 
It  is  said  that  sometimes  as  many  as  six  or  seven  priests 
were  in  hiding  at  the  same  time. 

Goodyer  may  have  entered  the  service  j^f  Sir  Thomas  in 
1616  or  1617;  he  was  certainly  working  for  him  for  the 
next  seven  or  eight  years,  and  he  may  actually  have  been 
dwelling  in  Mapledurham  House  at  the  time  that  he  was 
corresponding  with  Johnson  in  1632-3.  Thus  he  would 
have  been  correctly  designated  as  '  of  Mapledurham*,  though 
not  as  a  landed  proprietor  there. 

Sir  Thomas  Bilson  of  Mapledurham,  Knight,  had  married 
at  Wickham,  6  August  161 2,  Susanna  the  youngest  daughter 
of  Sir  William  Uvedale  of  Wickham,  Kt.  (a  surname 
which  occurs  among  Goodyer's  notes),  having  issue  Thomas 
Bilson  of  Buriton,  born  1614,  who  married  Edith  Betisworth 
of  Roegatt  in  1640,^  and  Leonard,  baptized  5  December  1616, 
who  was  named  by  Goodyer  as  one  of  the  executors  of  his 
will,  and  whose  monument  may  be  seen  at  the  west  end 
of  Buriton  Church. 

How  long  Goodyer  remained  with  Sir  Thomas  we  do 
not  know.  We  deem  it  certain  that  he  had  periodically  to 
visit  the  neighbouring  towns  and  outlying  farms,  and  even 
to  ride  up  to  London  on  his  master's  business.  But  botany 
was  his  hobby,  and  he  probably  endeavoured  to  combine 
so  far  as  possible  business  with  pleasure  and  visits  to  his 
friends'  gardens  with  sittings  in  courts. 

It  would  be  easy  to  interweave  writings  of  contemporary 
local  interest  into  the  life  of  our  hero.  The  lists  of  the 
villagers  assessed  for  tithes  and  taxes,  the  picturesque 
roll-call  of  Armour-bearers  and  Spearmen  and  '  Peionors 
of  Beritun '  {=  Pioneers  of  Buriton),  were  probably  all  part 
of  his  daily  life,  but  we  feel  bound  to  keep  within  limits, 
and  have  relegated  most  of  the  contemporary  documents 

^  Bishop  of  London  Marr.  Lie.   For  other  children,  see  p.  96  note. 


AVOCATION 


9 


to  the  Appendix.     At  the  same  time  these  documents 
probably  illustrate  his  varied  avocations  more  definitely 
than  anything  else  that  has  come  down  to  us,  and  his 
biography  would  be  incomplete  without  a  mention  of  them. 
Of  special  interest  are  : 

I.  A  Deposition  of  Arthur  Hyde  of  Weston  in  the  parish  of 
Buriton  concerning  Weston  Farm  in  the  possession  of  Sir  Thomas 
Bilson,  Knight  (p.  375). 

%.  A  Petition  from  Fra.  Waller  '  most  humbly  intreating  yo"^ 
good  worship  S'^  Thomas  Bilson  and  to  you  and  yo^  man  Ma"".  Good- 
yer  greeting  .  .     (p.  375).    Written  before  19  July  1621. 

3.  Notes  of  acres  held  by  Tho.  (Bilson)  and  ten  other  persons 
in  an  unmentioned  parish  (p.  379). 

4.  Receipt  for  £2^0  received  by  W.  Inkferbie  and  Richard  Bell 
from  Sir  Tho.  Bilson,  Knight,  at  his  Mansion  House  called  West 
Mapledurham  in  the  county  of  Southampton  (p.  374).  Dated 
15  November,  but  unfortunately  the  year,  possibly  1620  or  1622, 
is  not  mentioned. 

All  these  and  other  papers  are  endorsed  with  notes  in 
Goodyer  s  hand  ;  and  even  more  convincing  evidence  as  to 
his  occupation  is  supplied  by  the  draft  of  a  letter,  which 
we  provisionally  assign  to  the  year  161 8. 
Sep.  3-4 

5-6   hervest  at   my  being  w*^  you  I  spak  of 

Oct.  11-12   moving  cocks  Canary  Wine  wcl^  my  masters  mother 

12-14    lay  by  Coppels 

15-16  mow  gard.  &  M"^  Bilson  was  used  to  .  .  .  for  to 

^^"^^^^g^^s ,        you,  you  told  Mr.  Hall  had  not  made 
No.  14        cover  hartichokes      j     '  j  ^     ^  r     ^    -  ^ 

payment  for  all  that  had  fetch  m  her 

name,  now  he  protesteth  he  hath.    You  then  faithfully  promised 

me  if  my  master  S'"  Thomas  Bilson  did  send  for  any,  you  would 

send  him  of  your  best,  which  you  affirmed  to  be  as  good  as  any 

was  in  England.    For  my  lord  Bishoppe  Bilson  was  wont  to 

comend  your  tast.    Nowe  my  master  entreates  you  to  send  him 

by  this  bearer  Robt  Palmer  who  you  comend  for  his  honesty,  4  or 

5  gallons  of  such  Canary  Sack  as  you  promised  me  to  send  in 

a  sweet  vessel.    And  the  next  weeke  after  we  know  what  quantum 

you  have  sent  you  shall  receave  your  money  by  the  same  bearer. 

And  so  1  rest 

Your  loving  freind, 

John  Goodier. 

[MS.  f.  6. 


lO 


JOHN  GOODYER 


It  is  likely  that  Good}er  found  a  distraction  from 
thoughts  on  the  grievous  troubles  of  the  times  in  his 
botanical  studies.  During  his  early  years  the  bitter  strife 
between  Papists  and  Protestants  reached  an  extreme  in- 
tensity, as  first  one  and  then  the  other  of  the  conflicting 
parties  gained  the  ascendancy,  but  in  all  his  multifarious 
writings  there  is  no  note  as  to  the  side  to  which  he  be- 
longed. It  may  be  assumed  that  he  shared  the  general 
tendency  of  scientific  men  to  take  a  '  philosophic '  view  of 
life,  showing  some  disregard  of  the  petty,  transient  events 
which  chiefly  absorb  the  attention  of  mean  minds.  He 
appears  to  have  been  a  man  who  felt  most  at  peace  when 
his  thoughts  were  reposing  on  the  larger  and  more  enduring 
aspects  of  the  moral  and  material  world.  Yet  all  round 
him  was  turmoil.  In  his  own  county  he  would  have  known 
many  who  could  have  told  lurid  tales  of  the  heavy  blows 
of  the  '  Hammer  of  Heretics'.  As  a  young  man  he  might 
have  seen  one  of  the  greatest  Englishmen,  the  immortal 
Raleigh,  undergo  trial,  imprisonment,  and  execution,  and 
the  Pilgrim  Fathers  driven  abroad  to  seek  that  most 
elemental  of  all  liberties,  the  liberty  of  worship  :  they 
sailed  from  Southampton  in  1620.  In  the  prime  of  life  the 
Civil  Wars  robbed  him  both  of  his  best  years  for  scientific 
work,  and  of  his  great  friend,  Dr.  T.  Johnson,  killed  at 
Basing  House,  to  the  great  loss  of  natural  science. 

There  is  always  a  danger  in  reading  into  fragmentary 
documents  more  than  was  really  meant,  and  yet  there  is 
a  great  temptation  to  a  Magdalen  man  to  recall  an  incident 
relating  to  a  Magdalen  College  choir  boy  who  became 
a  Bishop  of  Winchester  and  Visitor  of  the  College.  The 
story  gives  one  a  vivid  idea  of  the  troubled  state  of 
Hampshire  in  the  boyhood  of  John  Goodyer,  and  greatly 
enhances  the  human  interest  attaching  to  his  papers  about 
'pioneers'^  and  about  Vachell  ^  and  Uvedale.^  Thomas 
Cooper,  translated  from  Lincoln  to  Winchester  in  1584, 
was  sorely  troubled  by  the  number  of  Romish  recusants 
*  p.  380.  2    276.  '  p.  i6i. 


RECUSANTS  IN  HAMPSHIRE 


II 


in  Hampshire,  and  made  it  a  matter  of  conscience  in  1586 
to  petition  '  for  certaine  Orders  to  represse  the  bouldness 
and  waiewardnes  of  the  recusants  in  the  Countie  of 
Southampton  *,  and  also  that  '  an  hundred  or  two  of 
obstinate  recusants,  lustie  men  well  hable  to  labour,  maie 
by  some  convenient  Commission  be  taken  up  and  sent 
into  Flaunders  as  Pioners  and  labourers,  whereby  the 
Country  shall  be  disburdened  of  a  companie  of  dangerous 
persons,  and  the  residue  y*  remaine  be  put  in  some  feare 
y*  theie  maie  not  so  safe  revoke  as  now  they  doe 

The  council  turned  a  favourable  ear  to  the  bishop's 
appeal,  and  wrote  to  the  sheriff  and  certain  of  the  justices 
authorizing  the  suggested  sudden  searches  and  ordering 
them  to  follow  the  bishop's  directions.^  That  is  why  the 
occurrence  among  the  Goodyer  papers  of  a  list  of  pioneers 
of  Buriton  carries  with  it  ominous  suggestions. 

Bishop  Cooper  died  in  1594,  when  John  Goodyer  was 
two  years  old,  and  was  succeeded  by  Thomas  Bilson,  with 
whose  son,  Sir  Thomas  Bilson,  Goodyer  was  most  closely 
associated.  Recusancy  was  still  being  punished  by  im- 
prisonment in  Winchester  gaol,  but  the  prisoners  benefited 
by  the  general  sympathy  of  the  public  and  were  frequently 
released.  Indeed,  Bishop  Bilson  found  that  the  manor  of 
Woodcot,  Hants,  given  for  the  safe  keeping  of  the  gaol, 
had  actually  been  inherited  by  a  recusant,  one  Anthony 
Uvedale,  lately  deceased,  and  had  passed  to  his  seven- 
year  old  grandson,  Anthony  Brewning,  whose  parents  were 
recusants.  The  penalty  for  the  wealthier  recusants,  that 
was  enforced  about  1 590,  was  the  seizure  of  two-thirds 
of  their  land ;  and  among  those  whose  names  appear 
in  the  Recusant  Rolls  at  the  Record  Office  are  Anthony 
Uvedale  (the  hereditary  keeper  of  Winchester  gaol)  of 
Woodcote,  near  Alresford,  and, Stephen  Vachell  of  Heath 
House,  Buriton,  both  of  whom  are  mentioned  in  the 
Goodyer  papers. 

A  few  years  later  an  evil  system  prevailed  of  farming 

*  Acts  of  Privy  Council,  1 586-7,  p.  125  ;  Vict.  County  Hist.  Hants,  ii,  p.  82. 


12 


JOHN  GOODYER 


out  the  recusancy  fines  for  a  fixed  sum,  and  the  payments 
by  Henry  Shelley  of  Petersfield,  among  others,  were 
allotted  to  certain  servants  of  James  I.^ 

Goodyer  was  in  the  habit  of  jotting  down  lists  of  plants 
and  odd  notes  on  the  backs  and  covers  of  letters,  on 
petitions,  or  on  any  stray  scrap  of  paper  that  came  handy. 
In  a  way  this  is  fortunate,  for  often  the  date  of  the 
document  helps  us  to  date  the  notes  which  he  put  upon 
it.  Intermingled  are  the  figures  of  calculations,  shopping 
lists,  series  of  days  of  the  month  with  the  Sundays  ticked, 
names  or  plants  and  books,  notes  for  excursions,  medical 
prescriptions,  names  of  litigants,  taxpayers,  and  the  like. 

The  sums  done  on  the  papers  show  that  his  arithmetical 
practice  did  not  include  the  12  times  table,  but  that  he 
first  multiplied  by  2  and  then  by  10,  and  added  the  results 
as  in  long  multiplication. 

It  is  through  these  papers  that  we  infer  Goodyer  to  have 
had  a  training  corresponding  to  that  obtained  in  a  solicitor's 
office  at  the  present  day. 

The  oldest  document  in  the  collection,  a  fragment, 
bearing  the  name  Edward  Cole,  is  dated  when  Goodyer 
was  only  sixteen  years  of  age,  but  it  would  probably  have 
come  into  his  hands  at  a  later  date  as  part  of  an  account 
with  which  Sir  Thomas  Bilson  was  concerned.  Edward 
Cole  may  have  been  the  Mayor  of  Winchester  who  in  the 
year  before  the  Armada  contributed  ;^50  to  the  war  fund, 
and  who  is  still  remembered  in  Winchester  as  the  founder 
of  Christ's  Hospital.  On  the  back  of  this  paper  Goodyer 
jotted  down  a  botanical  note  dated  1624. 

Then  there  is  an  Order  from  one  of  H.M.  Justices  of 
the  Peace  residing  at  New  Alresford,  but  holding  court  at 
Bishops  Waltham,  to  John  Rowland  of  Ropley,  requiring  him 
to  take  his  '  Corporall  oth  for  the  dewe  Execution  and  per- 
formance of  the  office  of  Tithingman-shippe  for  the  Tithinge 
of  Roplie'.  Dated  23  September  16 14.  This  document 
is  written  in  a  clerkly  hand:  whether  John  Goodyer's  or 

^  Dotn.  State  Papers^  James  /,  xlix,  pp.  54-80. 


BOTANICAL  STUDIES 


13 


not  does  not  much  matter.  And  there  are  several  similar 
papers.  The  deduction  we  would  make  is  that  the  training 
which  he  received  at  this  period  left  its  mark  on  all  his 
botanical  work.  He  acquired  an  exceptionally  neat  hand- 
writing, and  learnt  the  value  of  methodical  habits  and  the 
importance  of  dating  every  note  and  recorded  circumstance 
relating  to  his  observations.  His  descriptions  of  plants 
are  most  conscientiously  dated.  Many  of  his  books  are 
clearly  marked  with  the  day  and  year  of  purchase,  the  cost 
of  binding,  and  the  cost  of  carriage  from  London,  even 
though  this  came,  as  in  one  case,  to        o^.  od. 

Sometimes  the  exact  hour  of  the  day  at  which  a  piece 
of  work  was  begun  or  finished  is  recorded  with  the 
precision  that  might  have  been  expected  of  his  astrologer 
contemporaries.  But  there  is  no  evidence  that  Goodyer 
himself  believed  in  horoscopes :  his  writings  are  severely 
scientific  records  of  actual  observation. 


1616 

From  his  practice  of  dating  his  books,  we  know  for 
certain  that  Goodyer  was  contemplating  the  scientific  study 
of  botany  in  1616.  During  the  winter  of  this  year  he  added 
some  very  important  works  to  his  library.  In  each  case 
the  date  and  price  are  neatly  written  inside  the  cover  of  the 
book. 

s.  d. 

13  Novemb.  16 16     26    Clusius,  Curae  posterior es,  161 1. 

1         ^     ^      f  Clusius.  Rariorum  plantarum,  1601. 
12  Decemb.  1616    16  o  |  p^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^^^^^  ^g^^ 

15  ffeb.        161 6    15  o    Clusius,  Exoticarum,  1605. 

28  ffeb.        1 6 16     36    Bauhin,  Phytopinax,  1596. 

10  Marcii  1616  4  o  2nd  part  \       x-  7  t  u  1 

TVT  z:  ^  .  ^  \  ^s.  bd.  Lobel, 

12  Mar.  1 61 6  40  ist  part  \   Plantarum  160 

17  Mar.  1 6 16  16  the  bindinge  them  together  )       an  arum,  5. 

The  conclusion  is  irresistible.  Such  books  were  not  to 
be  bought  in  Hampshire  :  Goodyer  must  have  spent  the 
winter  in  London,  and  have  begun  to  make  a  serious  study 
of  the  literature  of  botany.  He  was  twent}'-four  years  of 
age ;  and  if,  as  we  surmise,  he  were  already  in  the  service  of 


14 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Sir  Thomas  Bilson,  whose  father,  the  bishop,  had  recently 
been  buried  in  Westminster  Abbey,  he  might  well  have 
gone  up  to  London  on  his  master  s  business.  A  paper 
that  throws  much  light  on  this  visit  to  London  is  one  on 
which  he  wrote  out  a  list,  dated  the  24th  and  25th 
of  March,  of  the  more  remarkable  plants  in  the  garden  of 
Mr.  Coys  of  Stubbers,  a  place  a  few  miles  east  of  London 
in  Essex.  On  the  same  sheet  of  paper  are  a  list  of  drugs 
and  two  London  addresses,  '  de  Laune  in  ye  black  friers ', 
and  '  Mr.  Cole  y*  married  Mr.  Lobel's  daughter  in  Lyne 
Street'.  This  last  is  a  most  interesting  note,  because  it 
gives  the  correct  spelling  of  a  name  which  from  the  time 
of  Pulteney  onwards  has  generally  appeared  in  literature 
as  *  Coel James  Cole  was  a  London  merchant,  mentioned 
by  Johnson  as  exceedingly  well  experienced  in  the  know- 
ledge of  simples. 

The  fact  of  Goodyer's  visiting  James  Cole  at  this  time 
would  have  a  special  significance.  The  eminent  botanist 
Mathias  de  L'Obel,  Cole's  distinguished  father-in-law,  who 
had  been  living  with  him,  had  just  died,  leaving  his 
botanical  writings  to  his  son-in-law.  Lobel,  as  he  wrote 
his  name  in  this  country,  was  the  youngest  of  the  triumvirate 
of  great  Flemish  botanists,  Dodoens,  Clusius,  L'Obel. 
He  had  brought  to  this  country  the  learning  of  his  master 
Rondelet  of  Montpelier  and  the  botanical  illustrations  of 
that  prince  of  printers,  patron  of  botanists,  Christof  Plantin 
of  Antwerp  ;  he  had  made  a  special  study  of  English 
plants  and  during  his  last  years  had  been  engaged  on 
a  new  botanical  work,  the  Illustrationes  Stirpium.  To 
Goodyer  the  name  of  Lobel,  like  that  of  Gerard,  was 
probably  a  household  word :  he  was  known  as  the  only 
botanist  in  Britain  on  whose  scientific  accuracy  a  student 
could  rely.  There  is  nothing  more  probable  than  that 
Goodyer,  learning  of  his  death  on  3rd  March,  would  lose 
no  time  in  visiting  Cole,  and  so  get  to  hear  of  the 
manuscripts,  which  later,  after  the  death  of  their  editor  How, 
did  eventually  come  into  his  charge  and  were  bequeathed 


BOTANICAL  STUDIES 


15 


by  him  to  Magdalen  College.  In  addition  to  the  copy 
of  the  Plantartim  Hisioria  mentioned  above,  and  purchased 
within  a  week  of  the  death  of  Lobel,  Goodyer  owned  five 
other  editions  by  the  same  author  :  one  of  these,  the  edition 
of  1576,  was  a  presentation  copy  from  Lobel  to  Dr.  Martin 
Ramerus  or  Rhamneirus,  a  Licentiate  of  the  Royal  College 
of  Physicians.  A  copy  of  the  hones  Stirpium  with  notes 
by  William  Mount,  and  with  some  figures  coloured,  may 
have  been  among  Goodyer's  first  botany  books  as  a  boy. 
We  know  that  he  could  draw  and  that  he  painted  in 
water-colour. 

Goodyer's  miscellaneous  papers  show  that  even  while 
he  was  occupied  with  the  business  of  estate  management, 
or  of  the  Courts,  or  in  dealings  with  tithing  officers,  his 
mind  would  always  be  turning  to  the  plants  which  he  had 
seen  in  the  gardens  of  his  friends  or  had  found  on  his 
excursions. 

The  earlier  notes  are  scrappy,  but  of  great  historical 
importance,  for  they  place  our  knowledge  of  early  English 
gardening  on  a  far  surer  basis  than  heretofore.  The 
notes  become  progressively  more  methodical  until  in  162 1 
their  number  and  finish  show  that  descriptive  botany  had 
become  the  principal  object  of  the  author's  life.  Whether 
Goodyer  ever  had  any  thoughts  of  publishing  these 
descriptions  under  his  own  name  we  do  not  know,  but 
of  many  he  made  both  rough  and  fair  copies :  some  of  the 
latter  he  handed  over  to  his  friend  Dr.  Thomas  Johnson 
for  inclusion  in  the  new  edition  of  Gerard's  Herbal  to  be 
mentioned  in  1633. 

His  first  gardening  friends  included  Parkinson,  Coys, 
and  Franqueville,  who  have  often  been  mentioned  in 
histories  of  early  gardening,  but  now  for  the  first  time 
have  we  anything  in  the  nature  of  lists  of  the  plants 
actually  growing  in  their  gardens.  Last  year  when  editing 
the  long  list  of  plants  grown  by  Walter  Stonehouse  in  1640 
at  Darfield  in  Yorkshire,  it  was  pointed  oul  that  only  three 
earlier  garden  lists  were  then  known,  those  of  the  Holborn 


i6 


JOHN  GOODYER 


garden  of  Gerard  (1596),  of  George  Gibbes'  garden  at  Bath 
(1634),  and  of  the  Lambeth  garden  of  the  elder  Tradescant 
(1634).  We  are  now  able  to  add  several  other  lists  of 
intermediate  date  which  comprised  the  more  novel  plants 
then  being  grown  by  horticulturists. 

The  earliest  of  Goodyer's  garden  notes  go  back  to  the 
year  1616,  when  he  first  gathered  seeds  of  Astragalus 
lusitanicus  *  in  the  garden  of  my  good  friend  Mr.  John 
Parkinson  an  Apothecarie  of  London  Anno  1616'  (f.  107), 
and  about  the  same  time  he  noticed  in  the  same  garden 
in  Long  Acre,  Pisum  arvense,  which  he  called  '  P.  maculatum 
Boelii '  and  '  Ervilia  silvestris  Dodonaei '  [Lathyrtts  Ochrus). 
The  two  former  were  no  doubt  two  of  the  many  new 
plants  introduced  into  English  gardens  by  Guilhaume  Boel 
from  Portugal  and  Spain  in  1608.  Parkinson  has  put  it  on 
record  that  Boel  '  gathered  there  about  two  hundred  sorts 
of  seeds  ...  of  all  which  seeds  I  had  my  part,  and  by 
sowing  them  saw  the  faces  of  a  great  many  excellent  plants 
but  many  of  them  came  not  to  maturitie  with  me,  and  most 
of  the  other  whereof  I  gathered  ripe  seed  one  yeare,  by 
unkindly  yeares  that  fell  afterwards,  have  perished  likewise ' } 

Goodyer  grew  all  three  plants  from  seed  in  his  own 
garden  at  Droxford  and  described  them  in  1621. 

The  next  garden  of  which  we  have  his  notes  was  that 
of  Wm.  Coys  ^  at  Stubbers,  North  Okington,  in  Essex. 
It  was  already  old-established,  and  well  known  to  Gerard 
in  1597  for  its  exotic  plants,  and  was  visited  by  Lobel 
during  the  early  years  of  the  seventeenth  century.  The 
latter  botanist  was  moreover  greatly  impressed  by  Coys' 
methods  of  brewing  beer  and  ales. 

We  are  glad  to  think  that  this  garden  is  not  only  still 
in  existence  but  is  in  the  possession  of  the  family  which 
succeeded  the  Coyses  at  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
Through  the  curtesy  of  the  present  owner,  Mr.  Champion 
Branfill  Russell,  I  was  privileged  to  make  a  pilgrimage 
*♦ 

*  Parkinson,  Theatruvi^  p.  1108. 

*  See  p.  312. 


The  Lime  Avenue 


Common  Elm       '  ]Vitc/L  '  Elm 

Elms  in  Spring 


I  " 

Plan 


THE   GARDEN   AT  STUBBERS 


COYS'  GARDEN 


17 


to  Stubbers  this  spring,  and  there  on  the  day  of  the  eclipse 
of  the  sun  to  celebrate  the  tercentenary  of  Goodyer's  visit. 
The  gardens  were  much  altered  by  Repton  at  the  end  of 
the  eighteenth  century,  and  the  house  has  been  practically 
rebuilt,  but  sufficient  remains  to  indicate  the  general  arrange- 
ment of  the  old  sites. 

The  flower  garden  of  William  Coys  almost  certainly 
coincided  with  what  is  now  known  as  the  Mulberry  garden 
at  the  south-east  corner  of  the  house.  The  middle  line 
of  an  old  enclosed  garden  is  indicated  by  a  fine  avenue 
of  small  but  ancient  limes,  whose  great  age  is  hardly 
apparent  at  first  sight.  The  trees  were  pollarded  early, 
and  their  trunks  being  bark-bound  have  ceased  to  grow 
for  many  years.  A  very  old-fashioned  pink  rose,  a  plant 
of  which  has  been  sent  to  Shakespeare's  garden  at 
Stratford-on-Avon,  may  also  date  from  Coys'  time.  And 
to  my  great  joy  I  found  a  more  certain  link  with  him  in 
the  pretty  little  Ivy-leaved  Toadflax  that  is  still  growing 
on  the  older  walls  around  this  classic  spot,  where  it  was 
first  grown  as  a  garden  plant  in  England  and  before  it 
had  become  the  common  wall-weed  that  it  now  is.  Another 
plant  that  may  be  directly  descended  from  Coys'  garden 
is  the  Yellow  Fig-wort  {S crop  hit  I  aria  ver7ialis  L.),  which 
comes  up  sporadically  in  the  borders. 

But  of  even  greater  botanical  interest  are  the  elms  on 
the  west  side  of  the  garden.  At  the  time  of  my  visit, 
one  differed  in  the  most  conspicuous  manner  from  its 
neighbours  by  being  later  and  quite  leafless  while  they 
were  almost  in  full  leaf  Had  Goody er  seen  the  elms 
between  Romford  and  Stubbers  under  the  same  circum- 
stances, he  could  hardly  have  failed  to  remark  on  the 
matter  to  Coys,  who  would  then  have  informed  him  of  the 
local  name  '  Witch  Elm  ',  and  would  have  expounded  the 
special  qualities  of  its  wood,  which  was  more  '  desired  for 
naves  of  carts '  than  common  elm. 

The  garden  of  William  Coys  has  always  been  famous 
in  the  annals  of  horticulture  because  it  was  there  in  1604 

c 


i8 


JOHN  GOODYER 


that  the  Yucca  first  flowered  in  England.  Now,  thanks  to 
Goodyer,  we  are  able  to  print  a  list  of  126  names  of  plants 
that  were  growing  at  Stubbers  in  March  16 16-17,  ^i^^^ 
including  plants  given  by  Coys  to  Goodyer  in  162 1  or  1622, 
and  a  longer  list  in  which  324  plants  are  marked  with  the 
letter  C  (  =  Coys).^  This  last  list  was  made  by  Goodyer 
between  1618  and  1625. 

The  earlier  of  these  lists  of  Coys'  garden  is  the  oldest 
known  MS.  list  of  an  English  garden,  in  which  the  plants 
are  properly  distinguished  by  their  scientific  names.  I  have 
no  doubt  but  that  the  names,  which  are  in  Goodyer  s  hand- 
writing, were  supplied  by  Coys,  who  may  have  determined 
many  of  them  himself.  In  the  history  of  English  horti- 
culture it  therefore  comes  between  the  printed  Catalogue 
of  the  Trees,  Fruits,  and  Plants  grown  by  John  Gerard  in 
his  garden  at  Holborn^  and  the  lists  of  George  Gibbes  and 
John  Tradescant,  both  of  which  are  printed  below.  It  is 
entitled 

Mr.  Coys  his  garden  24  and  25  of  March  1616,  161 7. 

Then  follow  ten  names  of  plants  distinguished  with  g 
(=  Gerard),  and  then  twenty-four  others  which  may  or 
may  not  have  formed  part  of  the  same  collection.  The 
latter  include  the  American  novelties : 

Battata  Virginiana. 

Prunus  Virginianus.  Pishimon. 

Cerastus  Virginianus. 

Vitis  Virginiana. 

Anonymos  Sumas  Virginianum. 

Solanum  Virginianum. 

In  after  years  Goodyer  received  many  plants  and  seeds 
from  Mr.  Coys,  which  he  grew  in  his  Hampshire  garden  at 
Droxford,  and  described  in  detail  when  they  flowered. 

^  See  p.  387. 

^  Gerard's  printed  Catalogus  arborum,  &c.,  of  1596  is  only  represented  by 
a  single  copy,  which  has  been  admirably  edited  by  Dr.  B.  D.  Jackson  in  1876. 


PHARMACEUTICAL  STUDIES  19 
1617 

It  was  inevitable  at  the  outset  that  the  medicinal  interest 
of  herbs  should  be  much  to  the  fore.  Botanical  lore  was 
practically  confined  to  physicians,  apothecaries,  and  herbalists ; 
and  perhaps  this  strong  human  interest  supplied  the  motive 
power  for  the  beginnings  of  the  science  of  botany.  All 
English  botany  books  of  early  days  were  practically  treatises 
on  Materia  Medica,  and  even  Parkinson  found  a  medicinal 
use  for  nearly  every  plant. 

Goodyer's  development  took  the  same  course.  The 

notes  made  during  his  early  period  show  that  a  medicinal 

interest  in  herbs  was  certainly  present  to  his  mind,  though 

it  may  not  have  provided  the  principal  incentive  to  his 

studies.     In  161 7  he  abstracted  the  names  of  forty-six 

exotic  medicinal  plants  and  products  from  Lobel's  writings, 

and  added  the  following  list  of  drugs  : 

Terra  sigillata  Tartar 

Gum  Elemni  Ladanum 

Aurmi  vulgar  Castor 

Virga  aurea  Paeina  ppi 

Mirrh  Bac  mirti 

Bolus  armenic  Acacia 

Caious  Spodium 

Borax  Bdellium 
Litliarg.  auri 

And  on  28  April  161 7  he  added  : 

2.  Corall  dissolved  &  swetned  with  Juyce  of  Granates 
Syrup  of  Rheubarbe  made  of  ye  extracte 
The  Extracte  of  Rhubarbe 
Pearle  dissolved 

Liquor  solutionis  Scamonii  1610  23  Marcij 
Balsamum 

Scamonium  corrected  1610  23  Marcij 

Hirae  simpl.  oiiij  pro  quat.  viribus 

Manna  2  oz. 

Santali  Citrini  incisi  oiij 

Olibanum 

Epithimum  3ij 

Oximel  simpl. 

Dia  Codion  simp. 

Dia  moron. 

de  Laune  in  y^  black  friers. 


[MS.  f.  24 


C  2 


20 


JOHN  GOODYER 


The  study  of  drugs  was  evidently  going  strong  about 
this  time,  for  in  this  very  year,  1617,  the  Society  of 
Apothecaries  of  London,  the  Societas  Pharmaceutica 
Londmensis,  severed  its  connexion  with  the  Grocers 
Company,  and  received  a  new  charter  from  James  I, 
Goodyer  appears  to  have  obtained  his  Hst  of  drugs  from 
one  of  the  early  masters  of  the  Society,  Mr.  de  Laune,^ 
an  apothecary  in  Blackfriars,  whose  name  and  address  he 
noted  on  the  back  of  the  paper,  and  who  is  known  as 
having  sent  from  Burgundy  to  Gerard  plants  of  Gentiana 
maior,  the  Great  Felw^oort  or  Bald  money,  now  known  as 
Gentiana  httea  L. 

The  two  Scammony  preparations  are  dated  16 10,  when 
he  would  have  been  eighteen  years  of  age.  And  in  the 
first  list  the  figure  16  before  five  drugs  may  show  that 
he  became  possessed  of  them  in  that  year.  The  five  are 
Hermodactyli  no7i  venenati  offic.  Lo.  146  ;  Rha  Ponticum 
antiquorttm  Lo.  289;  Aloe  Lo.  374;  Glans  tmguentaria 
Lo.  o.  loi  ;  Araba  lacca. 

Towards  the  close  of  his  life  he  again  revived  his 
interest  in  medical  matters.  He  bought  medical  books,  he 
wrote  out  prescriptions,  and  he  copied  notes  from  medical 

^  By  finding  the  will  of  William  Delaune  (P.  C.  C.  Wood  23)  at  Somerset 
House  I  have  obtained  evidence  that  the  de  Laune  visited  by  Goodyer  is  likely 
to  have  been  the  son,  Paul  de  Laune.  Wm.  Uelaune,  Preacher  of  the  word 
of  God  and  Physician,  willed  that  he  should  be  buried  near  his  late  wife.  To 
Gedeon  his  eldest  son  he  left  his  lands  in  Blackfryars  near  Ludgate  which  he 
had  purchased  of  Sir  Wm.  More  ;  to  poor  of  French  church  in  London  ; 
to  poor  of  Blackfriars  and  of  Church  of  Norwich  and  Deepe  20s.  ;  to  kindred 
beyond  the  sea  ^6  (to  be  administered  by  s.  Nathaniel) ;  to  s.-in-law  Mary 
Desloges,  widow  of  Cornellis  Tance,  ^3  ;  to  s.  Paul  the  newe  house,  greate  Court 
&  house  of  office,  and  the  Apothecary  stuffe  and  furniture. 

The  relations  mentioned  include  sons,  Gideon,  Peter,  Nathaniel,  and  Paul ; 
grandsons  Abraham  s.  of  Gideon,  and  Henry  s.  and  h.  to  Isaack  Delaune  dec. ; 
das.  Sara,  Ester,  and  Elizabeth  ;  sons-in-law  Chambleyn  and  Nathaniel  Mary. 
The  will  is  dated  20  November  1610  ;  proved  12  March  1610.  Both  William  and 
Paul  were  on  the  Roll  of  the  College  of  Physicians.  Gideon  de  Laune  made 
money  as  Apothecary  to  Mary,  the  Queen  Mother,  and  died  worth  ;^8o,ooo. 
Shakespeare's  friend,  Sir  W.  Davenant,  was  his  great  acquaintance  (Aubrey, 
Lives).  Paul  is  believed  to  have  died  in  Jamaica,  c,  1654  :  he  was  a  relative  of 
Dr.  John  Argent  see  p.  250. 


MILL-MOUNTAIN 


21 


authors  into  the  margins  of  his  herbals ;  all  of  which 
goes  to  show  that  he  was  turning  his  knowledge  to 
practical  use  by  attending  to  the  medicinal  needs  of  his 
neighbours. 

But  John  Goodyer,  though  mindful  of  the  medicinal  and 
economic  value  of  plants,  clearly  saw  that  the  science  of 
botany  could  not  be  advanced  without  detailed  morpho- 
logical descriptions  from  living  plants.  His  ideals  were 
those  of  his  great  predecessors  Fuchs  and  Brunfels :  but 
whereas  they  put  their  observations  into  their  drawings, 
Goodyer  put  his  into  descriptions. 

One  of  his  local  discoveries  of  1617  was  the  Woolly 
Thistle,  'Corona  fratrum  quorundam'  {Car dims  eriophortcs 
L.),  which  he  found  ' wilde  neare  London  highwaie  on  the 
East  part  of  Haliborne  in  Hampshire'. 

Another  was  the  Purging  or  Cathartic  Flax,  or  Mill- 
mountaine,  a  plant  of  known  medicinal  virtue  which  used 
to  grow  plentifully  in  localities  where  '  Carduus  acaulis 
septentrionalium  L'obelii '  was  also  found,  namely,  '  in  the 
unmanured  inclosures  of  Hampshire  on  chalky  downes  and 
on  Purfleet  hils  in  Essex,  and  in  many  other  places'.  He 
owed  his  information  concerning  the  properties  of  this  plant 
to  one  of  his  apothecary  acquaintances. 

*  I  came  to  know  this  herbe  by  the  name  of  Mil-mountaine,  and 
his  vertue  by  this  meanes.  On  the  second  of  October  161 7  going 
by  M^  Colsons  shop  an  Apothecary  of  Winchester  in  Hampshire, 
I  saw  this  herbe  lying  on  his  stall,  which  I  had  scene  growing  long 
before :  I  desired  of  him  to  know  the  name  of  it,  he  told  me  that 
it  was  called  Mill-mountain,  and  he  also  told  me  that  beeing  at 
Doctour  Lake  his  house  at  Saint  Crosse  a  mile  from  Winchester, 
seeing  a  man  of  his  have  this  hearbe  in  his  hand,  he  desired  the 
name ;  hee  told  him  as  before,  and  also  the  use  of  it,  which  is 
this. 

Take  a  handful!  of  Mill-mountaine,  the  whole  plant,  leaves,  seedes, 
flowers  and  all,  bruise  it  and  put  it  in  a  small  tunne  or  pipkin  of 
a  pinte  filled  with  white  Wine,  and  set  in  on  the  embers  to  infuse 
all  night,  and  drinke  that  wine  in  the  morning  fasting,  and  hee 
said  it  would  give  eight  or  tenne  stooles.    This  Doctour  Lake 


1% 


JOHN  GOODYER 


was  afterward  made  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  who  alwaies  used 
this  hearbe  for  his  purge,  after  the  said  manner,  as  his  man 
affirmed.'  ^ 

But  the  outstanding  event  of  this  year  was  the  intro- 
duction of  the  Jerusalem  Artichoke  to  English  gardens 


Mill-Mountain. 

and  cookery,  undoubtedly  the  result  of  a  visit  to  the 
London  garden  of  John  Franqueville.  Of  this  garden  we 
are  also  able  to  give  a  list,  but  as  Goodyer  was  there  at 

^  Ger.  emac.  560.  For  Goodyer's  description  of  the  plant,  see  p.  112.  The 
use  of  Honewort,  as  Corn  Parsley  was  locally  called  in  Hampshire,  steeped 
in  beer  to  cure  swellings  of  the  cheek,  was  also  duly  recorded  by  him,  and  will 
be  again  referred  to  under  1625. 


We  here  quote  his  description  of  the  circumstances  of 
his  success  with  the  new  '  wonderfull  increasinge  '  vegetable, 
leaving  the  account  of  the  plant  for  a  later  chapter. 


24 


JOHN  GOODYER 


*  Where  this  plant  groweth  naturalh'e  I  knowe  not.  In  Anno  1617 
I  receaved  two  small  rootes  thereof  from  Master  Franquevill  of 
London,  no  bigger  then  hens  eggs,  the  one  I  planted,  the  other 
I  gave  to  a  frend,  mine  brought  me  a  peck  of  rootes,  wherewith 
I  stored  Hampsheire.' — MS.  it,  f.  117  ;  Ger,  emac.  754. 

The  friend  is  almost  certainly  William  Coys,  for  whom 
he  afterwards  wrote  out  a  very  long  list  of  plants 
(17  pages),  with  notes  and  references  to  the  works  of 
Lobel  and  Gerard,  and  to  their  occurrence  in  the  gardens 
of  Coys,  Parkinson,  and  Franqueville.  In  this  list  after 
the  entry  relating  to  the  Artichoke  '  Heliotropium  indicum 
vel  virginianum ',  he  added  the  note,  '  you  had  lately 
planted  it  when  I  was  at  your  house  25  Martii  16 17'. 

Goodyer's  quaint  description  of  The  Vertues  of  the 
Artichoke  have  often  been  quoted :  but  it  is  a  story  that 
does  not  lose  in  the  repetition. 

'  Theis  rootes  are  dressed  divers  waies ;  some  boile  them  in 
water,  and  after  stewe  them  with  sack  and  butter,  addinge  a  little 
Ginger  :  others  bake  them  in  pies,  puttinge  Marrow,  Dates,  Ginger, 
Reasons  of  the  Sunne,  Sack,  &c.  Others  some  other  way,  as  they 
are  led  by  their  skill  in  Cookerie.  But  in  my  iudgement,  which 
way  soever  the}^  be  drest  and  eaten  they  stirre  and  cause  a  filthie 
loathsome  stinking  winde  within  the  bodie,  thereby  causing  the 
belly  to  bee  pained  and  tormented,  and  are  a  meat  more  fit  for 
swine,  than  men :  yet  some  say  they  have  usually  eaten  them,  and 
have  found  no  such  windie  qualitie  in  them.' — MS.  11,  f.  117  ;  Ger, 
emac.  754. 

But  before  making  any  attempt  to  account  for  the  tastes 
of  past  generations,  it  is  necessary  to  know  precisely  both 
how  they  prepared  their  food  and  how  they  arranged  their 
dietary.  The  transition  from  the  age  of  beer  to  that  of  tea 
and  coffee  must  have  profoundly  modified  the  national 
palate.  And  this  is  well  illustrated  by  a  very  striking 
instance  of  an  acquired  taste,  quoted  by  Goodyer's  con- 
temporary Parkinson.  Chocolate,  he  described  as  a  drink 
*  well  pleasing  and  accepted  with  the  greatest  among  the 
Indians,  who  account  nothing  of  more  esteeme ;  but  to  the 
Christians  it  seemeth  a  wash  fitter  for  hogs,  yet  by  use  even 
accepted  by  them  also  in  the  want  of  better 


GARDEN  AT  DROXFORD 


25 


The  cultivation  of  the  other,  the  Globe  Artichoke, 
appears  to  have  spread  through  the  southern  counties  of 
England  some  half  a  century  earlier,  and  the  vegetable  that 
figured  in  legal  documents  in  Goodyer's  lifetime  is  more 
likely  to  have  been  the  Globe  than  the  Jerusalem  Artichoke. 
For  in  one  of  the  Bodleian  charters  relating  to  Kent  there 
is  a  stipulation  that  the  tenant  of  a  garden  in  Wateringbury 
is  not  to  have  *  the  benefit  of  the  Sparrow  Grass  beds  and 
Hartichoaks  in  the  Garden'.  An  Hartichoke  Garden, 
44  perches  in  extent,  was  one  of  the  features  of  Henrietta 
Maria's  garden  at  Wimbledon,  and  at  the  time  of  the 
survey  of  1649  contained  plants  and  roots  to  the  value  of 
los}    Her  gardener  probably  grew  both  sorts. 

Every  one  who  has  hitherto  written  about  Goodyer 
appears  to  have  tacitly  assumed  that  he  spent  his  early 
manhood  at  Mapledurham,  and  that  there  his  first  experi- 
ments in  horticulture  were  made.  This,  however,  was  not 
the  case,  for  although  he  was  no  doubt  often  at  Maple- 
durham, his  home  and,  what  interests  us  more  particularly 
at  present,  his  garden  were  at  Droxford.  It  was  Droxford, 
therefore,  that  must  have  the  honour  of  having  been  the 
first  village  in  England  to  produce  the  new  Artichokes 
in  quantity.  How  completely  all  recollection  of  this  important 
horticultural  event  has  disappeared,  is  proved  by  the  fact 
that  even  the  modern  '  discoverer'  of  John  Goodyer,  Canon 
Vaughan,  did  not  know  that  his  botanical  predecessor  had 
ever  dwelt  in  Droxford.  Yet  Canon  Vaughan,  while  Rector 
of  that  parish,  when  engaged  in  researches  into  the  forgotten 
details  of  Izaak  Walton's  life  there,  passed  the  history  of 
Droxford  through  a  hair  sieve.  But  then  Hampshire 
is  a  forgetful  county.  Do  not  the  lives  of  Walton,  of 
Goodyer,  of  Gibbon,  and  above  all,  of  Jane  Austen 
show  it? 

The  papers  that  have  been  reposing  for  the  last  two  and 
a  half  centuries  in  the  manuscript  room  of  Magdalen  are 
evidence  that  Goodyer  lived  and  gardened  at  Droxford, 

^  Archaeologia^  vol.  x. 


26 


JOHN  GOODYER 


but  unfortunately  their  information  goes  no  further.  There 
is  no  hint  as  to  where  his  house  may  have  stood,  or  where 
the  first  Artichokes  increased  so  amazingly.  The  village, 
writes  Canon  Vaughan,  is  but  little  changed  since  the  time 
when  Izaak  Walton  spent  the  last  days  of  his  life  resting 
in  *  the  cool  shade  of  the  honeysuckle  hedge '  and  watching 
the  moorhens  '  on  the  gliding  stream The  old  mill  is  still 
standing,  on  the  bridge  of  which  'the  aged  angler  must 
often  have  lingered,  as  he  watched  the  rush  of  water 
making  pleasant  music  beneath  his  feet '  and  thought  of  his 
fishings  in  swift  streams  '  full  of  great  stores  of  trout 
Nor  would  it  have  been  very  different  in  Goodyer's  early 
manhood.  Then,  as  now,  the  church  was  flanked  on  either 
side  by  the  Manor  House  and  the  Rectory,  with  their 
gardens,  orchards,  and  pastures  sloping  down  to  the  clear 
running  Meon.  The  underground  tunnel  from  the  Manor 
House  below  the  Rectory  garden  to  the  house  beyond,  may 
or  may  not  have  existed:  at  present  it  is  only  a  reality 
in  local  tradition.  Of  greater  permanence  are  those  details 
of  uncultured  nature,  of  the  birds  and  flowers,  which  the 
Canon  has  described  so  well :  his  sketch  of  the  wild  life 
of  '  Longmead '  bordering  the  Meon  is  for  all  time  :  that  is 
Droxford  as  Goodyer  knew  it.  He  would  have  recognized 
the  spot  where  the  green  Alkanet  (Anchtcsa  sempervirens) 
puts  forth  its  rich  blue  flowers  and  he  would  have  revelled 
in  the  rare  beauty  of  the  Yellow  Meadow  Rue  in  its  season, 
but  it  is  doubtful  whether  Coral  Root  would  have  escaped 
him,  had  it  been  growing  near  Church  Mead,  where  Canon 
Vaughan  tells  us  it  grew  within  recent  years.  Certainly 
there  is  no  evidence  that  Goodyer  knew  it  in  Droxford 
before  he  found  it  at  Mayfield.  Botanists  tell  us  that 
Coral  Root  is  only  found  in  this  one  locality  in  the  whole 
of  Hampshire,  and  we  may  not  unreasonably  deduce  that 
Goodyer  will  have  followed  his  usual  practice  of  lifting 
roots  found  away  from  home  and  planting  them  in  his 
garden.  The  Hampshire  colony  may  be  descended  from 
a  garden-escape.     Is  it  a  clue  to  the  site  of  his  garden  ? 


VISIT  TO  LONDON 


27 


In  after  years  Goodyer  cultivated  many  other  new  fruits 
and  vegetables,  including  the  Virginian  water-melon  or 
Pompion,  *  no  bigger  nor  larger  than  a  great  apple',  but 
none  are  now  so  well  known  as  the  Artichoke,  his  first 
horticultural  triumph,  and  one  with  which  his  name  will 
always  be  connected.  Indeed,  it  may  be  that  this  early 
success  inspired  those  assiduous  searchings  for  new  and 
rare  plants  that  characterized  the  whole  of  his  active 
career. 

1618 

Several  papers  dated  1618  show  Goodyer  s  connexion 
with  the  Bilson  household,  probably,  as  we  have  said,  in 
the  capacity  of  steward  or  agent.  In  the  corner  of  a 
roughly  scribbled  letter,  printed  on  page  9,  is  a  fragment 
of  a  diary,  with  a  reference  to  the  fact  that  his  '  hartichokes ' 
required  protection  in  cold  weather. 

At  the  same  time  his  interest  in  field  botany  was  steadily 
increasing.  He  made  several  journeys  on  horseback  in  his 
own  and  neighbouring  counties  and  up  to  London,  perhaps 
on  his  master's  business,  but  certainly  to  his  own  profit  and 
advancement  as  a  botanist. 

On  one  of  these  visits  he  would  almost  certainly  have 
again  visited  the  well-known  garden  in  Long  Acre  belonging 
to  John  Parkinson  who,  like  Coys,  had  received  many  rare 
plants  collected  by  William  Boel  in  Spain  in  1607,  an 
acquisition  all  the  more  desirable  since  many  of  his  own 
fine  plants  had  perished  during  the  *  most  violent  frosty 
winter'  that  preceded.  In  161 8  Parkinson  was  gloating 
over  his  various  horticultural  triumphs,  including  the 
Great  Double  Yellow  Spanish  Daffodil  which  he  claimed 
to  have  been  the  first  to  grow.^ 

On  the  9th  of  April  Goodyer  noted  'Cowslipps  2-in-a-hose' 
and  '  Primrose  2-in-a-hose '  at  Sheet,  probably  in  the  garden 
of  William  Yalden,  who  almost  certainly  lived  in  a  new 
house  by  the  mill  on  the  upper  waters  of  the  Rother.  The 

^  Parkinson,  Paradise^  p.  103. 


JOHN  GOODYER 


house  is  still  standing,  and  even  though  more  than  three 
hundred  years  old,  is  a  comfortable  home.  A  stone  in  the 
wall  records  the  year  1606,  when  it  was  built,  and  the  year 
1867,  when  it  was  repaired.  The  timber-framed  walls 
of  the  upper  story  are  partly  filled  in  with  wattle  and  dab, 
and  partly  with  a  warm  red  brick.  The  old  kitchen  chimney 
is  so  wide  that  it  can  only  be  swept  by  climbing  inside  ; 
and  there  is,  it  is  said,  but  one  man  now  living  who  is 
willing  to  strip  to  his  trousers  and  bring  down  the  soot. 
This  was  the  home  of  Rose  Yalden,  Goodyer's  sister : 
plants  in  the  garden  at  Sheet  are  oft-times  mentioned  in 
his  papers,  the  last  being  some  Sweet  Potatoes  in  1637. 

To  plants  found  near  his  own  home  at  Droxford,  he 
frequently  refers.  In  a  wood  by  Strugnells  in  the  Thetcher, 
near  Droxford,  he  found  L^tnaria  minor  on  21st  May,  and 
again  on  i  June.  These  are  the  first  notices  of  Moonwort 
in  Hampshire.  He  records  plants  collected  (and  incidentally 
his  own  movements)  at  Chawton^  (10  June),  Sheet  ^ 
(7  July),  Chawlton^  (18  July),  Tichfield^  (20  July),  Houns- 
low  Heath  ^  (  30  July).  In  August  he  w^as  travelling  in 
Wiltshire,  visiting  Warminster^  (21  August),  and  Venny 
Sutton,"^  now  Sutton-Veny  (27  August).  And  nearer  home 
he  visited  Winchester,  Southampton,  and  Emsworth. 

At  Winchester  he  noted  that  *  Willowe '  was  the  popular 
name  for  '  Chamaenerion  Gesneri which  is  therefore  the 
first  evidence  of  the  Willow  herb  {Epilobutm  angitstifolimn 
L.)  in  Hampshire.    It  is  a  plant  which  has  since  been 

^  '  Herba  Paris,  some  with  five  and  six  leaves.'  The  first  notice  for  Hants  of 
Paris  qiiadrifolia  :  Gilbert  White  noted  it  again  in  1778. 

^  '  Scabiosa  minima  hirsuta.'    Probably  the  first  record  of  Jasione  moittana  L. 

^  *Jacea  flora  albo.'  Perhaps  a  white  variety  of  the  Greater  Knapweed 
{Centmirea  Scabiosa  L.). 

*  '  Eryngium  marinum.'  First  evidence  of  the  Sea  Holly  {Eryngium  mari- 
timtun  L)  in  Hants.  Eryngo  roots  candied  were  a  favourite  delicacy  in  the 
days  of  James  I,  but  they  were  then  obtained  from  the  East  coast.  Sir  John 
Salusbury,  c.  1580,  knew  their  medicinal  value. 

^  *  Plantago  aquatica  stellata.'  First  record  of  Damasonium  Alis7na  Mill., 
the  rarest  of  our  Water  Plantains. 

^  '  Colchicum  flo.  albo  et  purpureo.' 

'  '  Ebulus  ',  '  called  Scots  Blood'.    Sambucus  Ebulus  L.  or  Banewort. 


WILTSHIRE 


29 


reported  as  abundant  in  the  valley  from  Beech  Farm, 
where  he  lived  as  a  boy,  to  Meadstead.  He  may,  there- 
fore, have  known  the  plant  near  home,  but  may  not  have 
been  familiar  with  its  Winchester  name.  The  Willow 
herb  remained  unrecorded  in  Hampshire  until  Gilbert 
White  mentioned  it  again  in  his  Garden  Kalendar  for 
September  1765. 

A  more  striking  discovery  was  that  of  '  Lactuca  sylvestris 
vera  ingrato  odore  '.  '  This  wilde  stinkinge  lettice  I  found 
wild  on  the  walls  and  dry  bancks  of  earth  at  Southampton. 
Anno  16 1 8.'  This  is  the  first  county  record  of  Lactuca 
virosa  L.  He  sent  seeds  to  Parkinson,  in  whose  garden 
Johnson  saw  it  growing  about  1630.  A  detailed  descrip- 
tion was  written  on  13  September  162 1. 

By  a  mill  at  Emsworth  he  found  '  Anagallis  aquatica 
tercia',  the  Brook  weed  or  Water  Pimpernel  [Samolus 
Valerandi  L.),  thus  making  his  first  contribution  to  the 
paludal  flora  of  his  county.  It  was  not  recorded  in 
Hampshire  again  for  more  than  two  hundred  years. 

During  the  last  two  weeks  in  August  he  was  travelling 
in  south  Wiltshire  and  passed  through  Salisbury.  The 
finds  on  this  trip  are  mentioned  in  a  draft  letter  dated 
7  November  and  written  in  London.  The  name  of  the 
person  to  whom  it  was  written  does  not  appear,  but  from 
the  fact  that  the  names  of  the  plants  mentioned  are  in- 
cluded in  a  long  list  which  Goodyer  sent  to  his  friend  Coys, 
I  strongly  suspect  that  it  was  addressed  to  him. 

S'"  after  my  service  remembered  ...  I  wrote  unto  you  a  letter 
from  Droxford  y^  8  of  Sept.  last,  and  therein  enclosed  certaine 
stalks  &  seeds  of  an  herbe  which  I  found  in  Wiltshere  somethinge 
like  to  Lysimachia^  [I  found  it  in  Wiltshere  {erased)\  also  I  sent 
you  some  of  the  leaves  &  stalks  of  Plantago  aquatica  stellata 
which  I  found  in  Hounslowe  Heath.  I  therein  wrote  unto  you 
that  I  found  Colchictim  fl.  albo  &  purpureo  in  Wiltshere,  in  flower 
in  August  last,  I  have  of  this  roots  of  them  at  Droxford,  if  you 
want  I  can  furnish  you  with  some  of  them.  I  doubt  you  re- 
ceaved  not  that  letter,  for  that  our  foot-post  died  by  the  waie  going 
towards  London,  since  whose  death  we  wanted  a  foot-post  for 


30 


JOHN  GOODYER 


a  year,  but  now  we  have  another  who  did  lye  at  y^  King's  armes 
in  Shoe  Lane,  the  place  where  the  old  foot-post  lay,  but  nowe  he 
is  removed  to  another  place  which  yet  I  doe  not  know.  I  have 
left  at  M*"^^  Capells  (for  Mr.  Capell  ^  they  tell  me  is  dedd  since  my 
last  being  with  you)  a  small  plant  of  our  Wich  Hasell  which 
I  take  to  be  Vhmcs  latifolia  lobelii:  it  came  from  seed  this  last 
year.  I  have  seen  y^  leaves  of  them  this  somer  twise  as  brode  as 
I  saw  any  of  y®  leaves  of  our  Common  Elm.  This  desiring  that 
God  do  bless  you  with  health  and  happiness  to  your  great  Comfort, 
I  comitt  you  to  Gods  protection  and  rest 

to  you  my  bounden 
[Unsigned] 

From  my  Lodging  at  the  Red  Lyon 

in  Fleet  Street,  London,  the  7  of  November  1618. 

Yf  at  any  tyme  you  wright  to  me  you  may  direct  your  letters  to 
be  left  at  Mr.  Tho.  Johnsons  [a  Tayler  (ei^ased)\  at  the  signe  of  the 
Raynedeare  without  Temple  Barre  neare  St.  Clements  Church, 
where  our  foot-post  shall  endever  to  have  them.  [MS.  f.  2 

This  letter  is  of  great  interest  because  it  is  the  earliest 
evidence  for  the  Willow  herb,  '  something  like  to  Lysi- 
machia'  (he  found  it  on  27  August),  and  for  the  Autumn 
Crocus  in  Wiltshire.  It  settles  the  question  of  the  priority 
of  the  discovery  of  the  Water  Plantain,  Damasonitcm 
Alisma,  as  a  British  plant,  in  favour  of  our  author  rather 
than  of  Johnson.  It  also  dates  his  first  recognition  of  the 
Wych  Elm  [Ulmits  montana  Stokes)  as  a  distinct  species 
of  English  timber  tree.  Apparently  it  was  growing  at 
Droxford  and  was  known  to  Goody er  by  its  south-country 
name  of  Witch  Hazel.  Now  this  name  has  been  generally 
superseded  by  the  northern  name  of  Wych  Elm.  I  have 
no  doubt  that  by  this  observation  at  an  early  period  of  his 
career,  his  eye  became  trained  and  apt  to  distinguish  the 
two  other  elms  which  he  was  the  first  to  describe.  His 

^  At  a  later  period  Capel  was  quite  one  of  the  best-known  names  in  connexion 
with  English  gardens.  Sir  Henry  Capel  began  horticulture  at  Kew,  his  brother 
Lord  Capel  made  one  of  the  most  beautiful  gardens  of  the  seventeenth  century 
at  Cassiobury,  and  Mary  Somerset  {jiee  Capel)  had  a  botanic  garden  at 
Badmington,  but  there  is  of  course  no  evidence  that  Goodyer's  friend  was  '  born 
in  the  Purple '. 


WYCH  ELM 


31 


descriptions  of  the  four  species  are  reprinted  on  page  38, 
but  the  first  draft  of  his  description  of  the  Broad-leaved 
Elm  may  appropriately  appear  here.  It  is  written  on  the 
back  of  a  document  dated  16 14. 

The  broad-leaved  Elme  or  Witch  Hasell  groweth  to  be  a  very 
greate  tree,  and  very  high,  especially  when  he  groweth  in  woods 
amongst  other  trees,  the  tymber  in  y^  yonge  trees  is  very  white, 
his  branches  or  boughes  are  grosse  &  bigge  and  doe  spread  them- 
selves broader  [and  hang  more  downewards  than  those  of  the  first]. 
The  leaves  are  rougher  and  much  broader  and  longer  than  those  of 
y^  Comon  Elme,  stript  or  cutt  about  y^  edges,  of  a  dark  greene 
colour,  nearer  resemblinge  y^  leaves  of  y^  Hasell,  which  is  y^  cause 
of  y^  name. 

The  one  side  of  y^  leaves  are  allwaies  longer  and  doe  come 
nearer  to  y^  boughes  whereon  they  were  then  the  other,  like  unto 
y*"  leaves  of  all  y^  rest  of  y^  kind  of  elmes,  as  Lobell's  figure  of  the 
Common  Elm  well  expresseth ;  the  leaves  of  the  older  trees  are 
very  much  narrower  than  those  of  y®  younge  ones,  also  on  y^  leaves 
of  this  Elme  doe  growe  blisters  or  bladders  in  which  at  y^  springe 
are  little  creatures  about  y^  bignes  of  Bed-fleas,  which  in  y^  somer 
(as  I  take  it)  turn  into  flies  growinge  wings  like  those  of  the 
Comon  Elme.  The  barke  on  y^  out  side  is  blacker  than  that  of 
y^  Comon  Elme  &  is  very  tough.  So  that  when  y^  sappe  is  uppe, 
it  will  strippe  &  peele  from  the  lower  end  of  y^  boughes  to  y^ 
toppe,  without  breakinge,  whereof  are  made  cords  &  ropes. 

The  roots  spread  far  abroad  in  y^  earth  &  are  very  tough,  which 
makes  the  tree  with  much  difficultie  to  be  grubbed  uppe. 

Whereon  doe  growe  y^  flowers  nearly  compacted  together  &  like 
unto  y^  pointells  or  chives  growinge  in  midle  of  flowers,  which 
afterwards  turn  into  flatt  seed,  more  long  than  broade,  not  much 
unlike  to  Arach  seed  ;  and  doe  for  the  most  parte  fall  away  before 
or  shortly  after,  the  leaves  springe  forth,  and  some  hang  on 
a  greate  parte  of  the  somer.  They  flower  at  the  latter  end  of 
ffebr  or  beg  of  March. 

[MS.  f.  4;  Ger.  emac,  p.  1481  (much  altered) 

The  following  lines  are  written  on  the  cover  of  a  letter 
addressed  to  '  Nicholas  Everender  at  his  brother's  house  in 
Sedlescombe  in  Sussex.  This  to  M^*  Samuell  Shute  at 
Mr.  Thomas  Caltherste  at  ye  albus  Lion  in  Dea(?)side '. 
On  the  other  side  is  written  the  draft  of  the  letter  already 


JOHN  GOODYER 


quoted,  dated  by  Goodyer  from  his  lodging  at  the  Red 
Lyon  in  Fleet  Street,  on  the  7  of  November  1618. 
*  Even  such  is  tyme,  that  takes  in  trust 

Our  youth,  our  ioyes  and  all  we  have 

And  paies  us  but  with  age  and  dust 

Who  in  the  darke  and  silent  grave 

When  we  have  wanderd  all  our  waies 

Shutts  uppe  the  storie  of  our  dales 

And  from  which  earth  and  grave  and  dust 

The  Lord  shall  raise  me  uppe  I  trust.'  [MS.  f.  2 
Being,  regrettably,  unfamiliar  with  the  poem  I  consulted 
my  friend  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  our  Professor  of  English 
Literature,  in  the  confident  expectation  that  he  would 
identify  it  for  me.  The  strange  coincidence  could  hardly 
have  been  anticipated  that  the  lines  should  be  known  as 
the  *  Last  Poem  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh '  of  Elizabethan 
fame.  There  is  a  tradition  that  they  were  written  in  the 
Tower,  shortly  before  the  execution,  but  whether  this  be 
so  or  not,  it  is  surely  remarkable  that  Goodyer  should  have 
had  a  copy  on  the  back  of  a  letter  written  within  a  few 
days  of  the  execution  on  28  October  161 8. 

As  a  twelve-year  old  boy  Goodyer  must  have  heard  of 
the  infamous  trial  at  Winchester,  when  the  people  first 
pelted  Raleigh  with  tobacco  pipes  and  later  were  won  over 
by  the  eloquence  of  his  defence  and  the  dauntlessness  of 
his  bearing.  He  would  assuredly  have  taken  a  sympathetic 
interest  in  his  great  contemporary  not  only  for  his  heroic 
career,  but  as  a  pioneer  familiar  with  the  splendours  of  the 
tropical  vegetation  of  the  New  World.  Goodyers  Arti- 
choke culture  was  perhaps  modelled  on  that  of  the  Potato. 
Whether  he  was  a  smoker,  we  do  not  know,  but  about 
1 618  he  paid  4^.  for  'tabaco',  apparently  at  Alresford. 
It  was  only  a  few  years  before,  that  James  I  had  stigmatized 
smoking  as  '  a  custom  loathsome  to  the  eye,  hateful  to  the 
nose,  harmful  to  the  brain,  dangerous  to  the  lungs,  and  in 
the  black  stinking  fume  thereof  nearest  resembling  the 
horrible  Stygian  smoke  of  the  pit  that  is  bottomless 


NEW  PLANTS 


33 


In  1 619  Goodyer  took  to  growing  two  kinds  of  tobacco 
at  Droxford. 

There  are  several  lists  of  garden  plants  among  the 
Goodyer  papers,  but  unfortunately  they  have  no  localities 
or  dates  attached  to  them,  with  the  exception  of  a  short 
list  of  plants,  without  date,  and  not  in  Goodyer's  hand  (see 
p.  347).  It  is  headed  To  have  from  Mr,  Gibbes.  Of  the 
plants  enumerated  only  six  are  noted  by  Johnson  as  occurring 
in  the  garden  of  Mr.  George  Gibbes  of  Bath  in  1634. 

Another  list  in  his  own  autograph  may  refer  to  plants 
growing  at  Droxford  (p.  327). 

1619 

Of  the  year  16 19  there  is  but  little  to  record  except  the 
discovery  and  description  of  two  plants,  one  of  which  was 
new  to  the  British  flora.  He  also  wrote  the  description  of  the 
Linum  catharticitm,  part  of  which  has  already  been  quoted. 

On  the  3rd  of  August  he  found  the  Small  Woodruff  or 
Squinancy-wort  (Aspertcla  Cynanchica  L.),  and  thus  he  inde- 
pendently discovered  one  of  the  denizens  of  the  chalk  hills 
which  had  been  previously,  though  probably  unknown  to 
him,  noticed  by  Lobel  in  the  Isle  of  Wight:  '  cretaceis 
gaudet  montosis  prope  Drayton  e  regione  Vectis  Insulae '. 
Goodyer's  observation  of  1619  was  printed  by  his  friend 
Johnson  in  1633,  and  LobeFs  earlier  note  was  printed  by 
his  admirer,  Dr.  How,  in  1655.  The  Procumbent  Marsh- 
wort  (Apiiim  nodijloricm)  is  recorded  on  the  authority  of 
Goodyer^  by  How:  we  are  now  able  to  print  the  original 
description  (p.  1 14). 

A  further  success  was  the  addition  of  a  new  Hedge- 
Parsley  to  our  flora  (Caitcalis  nodosa  Scop. 2).  Later  on 
Goodyer  discovered  the  Field  Hedge- Parsley  'amongst 
wheat  plentifully  near  Petersfield '.^ 

His  well-known  description  of  the  Dewberry  [Rtcbus 
caeshcs  L.),  distinguishing  it  from  other  Brambles  under 

^  How,  Phytologia.  ^  Druce,  Goodyer^  p.  I.  '  Merret,  Pinax,  24. 

D 


34 


JOHN  GOODYER 


the  name  of  '  Rubus  repens  fructu  caesio  \  was  written  in 
September  of  this  year,  but  the  original  MS.,  from  which 
Johnson's  account  was  printed,  is  not  now  extant.  It  was 
almost  certainly  taken  from  a  Hampshire  plant,  but  since 
Goodyer  omitted  to  mention  the  locality,  he  is  not  quoted  as 
a  first  recorder  in  Townsend's  local  Flora,  in  which  seventy 
species  of  brambles  are  now  distinguished :  truly  a  thorny 
subject !  Hampshire,  perhaps  with  one  exception,  is  stated 
to  be  richest  in  brambles  of  all  the  counties  in  England. 

In  his  garden  he  raised  some  specimens  of  the  forbidden 
plant,  tobacco.  '  In  anno  1619  I  receaved  the  seedes  hereof 
from  Mr.  Anthony  Uvedale  ^  who  that  yere  intended  to 
plante  greate  store  thereof,  and  was  hindered  of  his  purpose 
by  a  proclamation  sett  forth  by  Authoritie.' 

1620 

The  next  two  years  were  perhaps  the  most  eventful  in 
his  career  as  a  botanist.  His  excursions  were  rewarded 
by  the  discovery  of  several  other  plants  new  to  the  British 
flora,  and  many  new  plants  imported  from  the  south  of 
Europe  throve  so  well  at  Droxford,  that  he  was  able  to 
give  the  first  English  description  of  them. 

On  the  28th  of  April  we  find  him  making  observations 
on  the  Oak,  Walnut,  and  Chestnut,  being  especially  in- 

^  Anthony  Uvedale,  the  Governor  of  Winchester  Gaol,  has  already  been 
mentioned.  The  Uvedales  were  a  Hampshire  family  who  lived  at  Wickham, 
and  intermarried  with  the  May  family,  living  at  Mayfield  in  Sussex. 

The  name  of  Uvedale  is  well  known  in  the  annals  of  early  horticulture. 
Robert  Uvedale  (1642-1722)  became  master  of  the  grammar  school  at  Enfield, 
Middlesex,  about  the  year  of  Goodyer's  death.  He  was  '  a  great  lover  of  plants, 
and,  having  an  extraordinary  art  in  managing  them,  is  become  master  of  the 
greatest  and  choicest  collection  of  exotic  greens  that  is  perhaps  anywhere  in  this 
land.  His  greens  take  up  six  or  seven  houses  or  roomsteads.  His  orange  trees 
and  largest  myrtles  fill  up  his  biggest  house,  and  .  .  .  those  more  nice  and 
curious  plants  that  need  closer  keeping  are  in  warmer  rooms,  and  some  of  them 
stoved  when  he  thinks  fit'  {G'lhson,  A  ccoimt  of  several  Gardens  near  Lotidon, 
1691,  Archaeologia^  ^794,  xii.  i88).  He  was  thus  one  of  the  earliest  possessors 
of  hothouses  in  England.  One  of  his  former  pupils  is  said  to  have  brought  him 
from  Mount  Lebanon  a  cedar  which  was  recently  flourishing  at  Enfield. 

The  copy  of  Turner's  Herball,  1568,  in  the  Oxford  Physic  Garden,  which 
belonged  to  W.  Clowes  in  157 1,  bears  the  signature  of  ^  Rob.  Udall.^ 


/ 


NEW  PLANTS  35 

terested  in  their  flowers,  buds,  and  galls.  He  added  to  these 
notes  and  wrote  them  out  afresh  on  9  May  1622  :  they  are 
printed  under  that  date  in  Johnson's  Gerard. 

Business  at  this  time  brought  him  into  touch  with  the  lands 
and  villagers  of  Soberton,  a  hamlet  about  a  mile  and  a  half 
south  of  Droxford.  It  was  there  that  he  gathered  the 
'Oenanthe  Angustifolia'.  This  has  been  identified  by  Druce 
as  the  first  record  of  the  Marsh  Parsley  Oenanthe  in  Britain, 
but  Townsend  (Fiord)  considers  that  it  was  the  Sulphur-wort 
Dropwort  (Oenanthe  silaifolia  Bieb.)  that  was  found. 

'This  19  of  May  1620  I  found  this  wild  in  East  Hoo  in  ye 
parish  of  Subberton  about  7  miles  from  Petersfield  in  Hampshire 
in  a  hedgerowe  about  a  flightshott  from  ye  then  dwelling-house 
of  Mr.  William  Browne  on  ye  south  part  of  ye  said  house  and  ye 
18  of  June  1620  I  saw  it  there  in  flower.'^ 

Merrett^  gives  the  locality  as  East  How.  William  Browne 
of  Hoe  had  purchased  the  manor  of  Soberton  in  1619.^ 

A  few  days  later  an  excursion  to  the  New  Forest  yielded 
another  new  plant,  the  Narrow-leaved  Lungwort  (Pul- 
monaria  angustifolia),  whose  fine  blue  flowers  attracted 
his  attention  on  25  May  'in  a  Wood  by  Holbury  House'. 
It  is  a  rarity  in  Britain  ;  Hampshire  and  the  Isle  of  Wight 
being  the  only  stations  where  it  grows  wild.  The  Forest 
children  call  it  'Joseph  and  Mary'.^ 

In  the  summer  he  described  the  following  plants  : 


20  June 

Antirrhinum  minus. 

Linaria  minor  Desf. 

2  July 

Pastinaca  aquatica  minor. 

Slum  erectum  Huds. 

5 

Rapunculum  silvestre  Tragi. 

Phyieuma  orbiculare  L. 

5  )5 

Eufrasia  altera  Dod. 

Bartsia  Odo7ttites  L. 

5  3> 

Anthyllis  montana. 

Thesium  humifusum  DC. 

8  „ 

Carduus  acaulis  septentrionalium  L'Ob. 

Carduus  acaulis  L. 

22  „ 

Melampium  luteum. 

Melampyrum  sylvaticum  L. 

26  „ 

Herba  Doria  altera. 

Senecio  sarracenicus  L. 

10  Aug.  Panicum. 

Echinochloa  Crus-galli  L. 

12  „ 

Acinos. 

Ocimuni  Basilicum  L. 

18  „ 

(Aster  conyzoides). 

Jasonia  tuber osa  DC. 

Sium  siifoliis. 

Carum  segetum,  Benth. 

^  Goodyer  quoted  by  How.    MS.  note  to  Phytologia,  p.  81. 
^  Pinax^  p.  84.  '  Vict,  Coimty  Hist.  Hants,  iii.  263.         ■*  J.  Vaughan. 

D  2 


3^ 


JOHN  GOODYER 


He  found  both  the  Water. Parsnip  {Siiim  erectitm  Huds.) 
and  the  Bastard  Toadflax  (Tliesium  hcndfiLSum  DC),  near 
Droxford,  the  former  growing  in  the  River  Meon,  the 
latter  '  wild  on  the  side  of  a  chalkie  hill  in  an  inclosure 
on  the  right  hand  by  the  way,  as  you  goe  from  Droxford 
to  Poppie  Hiir.  Both  these  references  are  the  earliest 
we  have  to  these  plants  in  Britain,  as  also  is  his  excellent 
description  of  the  Hone  wort  or  Corn  Parsley  (Carum 
segetuvi)^  which  he  again  wrote  out  for  the  new  Herbal  in 
1632. 

Further  detailed  descriptions  were  written  of  plants  as 
they  flowered  in  his  own  garden  or  in  those  of  his  friends, 
for  instance  Acinos  odoratissimum  :  '  I  first  found  growing 
in  the  garden  of  Mr.  William  Yalden  in  Sheete  near 
Petersfield  in  Hampshire,  Anno  1620,  amongst  sweet 
Marjerom,  and  which  by  chance  they  bought  with  the 
seedes  thereof.  It  is  to  be  considered  whether  the  seedes 
of  sweete  Marjerom  degenerate  and  send  forth  this  herbe 
or  not,  nth  October  1621,  John  Goodyer '  {Ger,  emac.  677). 

But  the  outstanding  event  of  the  year  v/as  a  visit  to  the 
garden  of  his  'worthy  friend  and  excellent  Herbarist  of 
happy  memorie  Mr.  William  Coys  of  Stubbers  in  the 
parish  of  North  Okington  in  Essex Goodyer  came  away 
with  the  seeds  of  many  rare  and  little  known  plants,  in- 
cluding several  that  had  been  collected  by  Boelius  in  Spain 
and  had  been  brought  over  by  him  to  England.  Among 
other  novelties  which  were  thus  introduced  into  the 
Droxford  garden  in  1620  were  : 

Acarna  flore  rubro.  Carlina  lanata  L. 

Aracus  maior  Baeticus  Boelii.  Vicia  sativa  h  linearis  Lange.  ? 

Cattaria    tuberosa    radice    Baetica     Nepeta  tuherosa  L. 


Boelii. 

Ervilia  silvestris  Dodonaei. 
Faba  veterum  serratis  foliis  Boelii. 
Geranium  Baeticum  Boelii. 
Gramen  cristatum  Baeticum  Boelii. 
Gramen  tremulum  maximum. 
Herba  Doria  altera  26  July  1620. 
Hieracium  stellatum  Boelii. 


Lathy rus  Ochrus  L. 
Vicia  Faba  L.  var. 
Erodium  griiiniivi  Willd.  ? 
Cynosw'us  echinatus  L. 
Briza  maxima  L. 
Senecio  sarracenicus  L. 
Rhagadiolus  edulis  Gaertn. 
Tolpis  harhata  Gaertn. 


medio  nigrum  fl.  maior  B. 


COYS'  PLANTS  37 

Hieracium  medio  nigrum  fl.  minore  B.  Tolpis  umbellata  /3  minor  Lange. 

„       lanosum.  Hieracium  andryatoides  Vill. 

Horminum  silvestre  tertium  Cliisii.  Salvia  verticillata  L. 
Jacea  capitulis  hiisutis  Boelii.  ? 

Lagopus  trifolius  maior  Baeticus.  Trifolium  ligusticum  Balb.  ? 

Legumen  pallidum  Vlissiponense.  Vicia  luiea  ^  laevigata  Boiss. 

IMalva  flore  amplo  Baetica  aestiva.  Malva  moschata  L. 

Petum  indicam  folio  pene  obtuse.  Nicotiana  Tabacum  v.  brasiliensis. 

Scabiosa  flore  rubro.    Scabiosa  sexta  Scabwsa  airopiirpurea  L. 
Indica  Clusii. 

Silibum  minus  fl.  nutante  Boelii.  Notobasis  syriaca  Cass. 

Valeriana  mexicana.  Valeriana  cornucopiae  L. 

Most  of  the  plants  raised  from  Coys'  seed  did  so  well 
with  him  that  he  was  able  to  describe  them  as  they  flowered 
in  the  following  summer. 

It  has  been  suggested^  that  on  his  way  home  Goodyer 
passed  Rickmansworth,  and  there  *  in  the  ponds  about 
Moore  Park '  found  '  Sium  alterum  Olusatii  facie There 
is,  however,  no  ground  for  this  supposition  ;  Goodyer  himself 
wrote  that  he  visited  Moore  Park  in  1625. 

We  owe  our  first  description  of  a  new  kind  of  English 
Elm  to  this  same  journey  into  Essex. 

When  we  consider  that  many  of  our  contemporaries  are 
so  deficient  in  powers  of  observation  as  to  be  unable  to 
tell  one  tree  from  another,  it  is  remarkable  that  Goodyer 
should  have  been  so  quick  in  distinguishing  the  various 
species  of  Elm.  Two  of  these  had  already  been  recog- 
nized by  Gerard  in  1597,  and  were  redescribed  by  Goodyer 
for  the  second  edition  in  1633  :  to  these  he  now  added 
a  third,  on  his  way  to  visit  Mr.  Coys  : 

'  I  observed  it  growing  very  plentifully  as  I  rode  betweene 
Rumford  and  .  .  .  Stubbers  in  the  year  1620,  intermixed  with  the 
first  kinde  (the  Common  Elm),  but  easily  to  be  discerned  apart,  and 
is  in  those  parts  usually  called  Witch  Elme.' 

The  name  of  this  Elm  has  caused  considerable  confusion 
in  the  minds  of  those  who  have  not  attentively  read  the 
words  '  in  those  parts ' .  The  Elm  is  certainly  not  the 
Wych  Elm  ordinarily  so  called,  which  Goodyer  knew 
as  the  Witch  Hasell  or  Broadest-leaved  Elm ;  but,  as 


^  Druce,  Goodyer ,  p.  2. 


38 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Mr.  Russell  told  me  on  my  recent  visit  to  Stubbers,  it  is 
the  tree  which  is  still  locally  known  in  that  part  of  Essex 
as  the  '  Witch  Elm a  name  which  is  thus  proved  to  have 
survived  locally  since  Elizabethan  times.  Goodyer  named 
it  '  Vlmus  folio  glabro '  or  Smooth-leaved  Elm,  a  name  that 
has  been  adopted  by  Miller  in  the  form  of  Ulmus  glabra, 
the  name  by  which  it  is  still  widely  known,  although  Elwes 
prefers  the  name  U.  nitens  Moench.  for  it. 

Systematists  of  the  eighteenth  and  nineteenth  centuries 
have  brought  the  species  of  Elms  into  such  a  state  of 
confusion  that  it  is  a  relief  once  more  to  get  back  to  the 
simpler  system  of  Goodyer,  whose  accounts  of  the  four 
species  of  Elms  were  doubtless  redrafted  in  1632,  but  the 
original  observations  were  much  earlier.  Johnson  prefaces 
the  descriptions  with  a  short  introduction : 

*  Our  Author  [Gerard]  only  described  two  Elms,  and  those  not  so 
accurately  but  that  I  thinke  I  shall  give  the  Reader  content,  in 
exchanging  them  for  better  received  from  M'".  Goodyer  ;  which  are 
these.' — T.  Johnson. 

Ulmus  campestris  Sm. 
Vlmus  vulgatissima  folio  lato  scabro.    The  common  Elme. 

This  Elme  is  a  very  great  high  tree,  the  barke  of  the  young 
trees,  and  boughes  of  the  Elder,  which  are  usually  lopped  or  shred, 
is  smooth  and  very  tough,  and  wil  strip  or  pil  from  the  wood 
a  great  length  without  breaking :  the  bark  of  the  body  of  the  old 
trees  as  the  trees  grow  in  bignesse,  teares  or  rents,  w^hich  makes  it 
very  rough.  The  innermost  wood  of  the  tree  is  of  reddish  yellow 
or  brownish  colour,  and  curled,  and  after  it  is  drie,  very  tough,  hard 
to  cleave  or  rent,  whereof  naves  of  Carts  are  most  commonly  made : 
the  wood  next  the  barke,  which  is  called  the  sap,  is  white.  Before 
the  leaves  come  forth  the  flowers  appeare,  about  the  end  of  March, 
which  grow  on  the  twigs  or  branches,  closely  compacted  or  thrust 
together,  and  are  like  to  the  chives  growing  in  the  middle  of  most 
flowers,  of  a  reddish  colour :  after  which  come  flat  seed,  more  long 
than  broad,  not  much  unlike  the  garden  Arach  seed  in  forme  and 
bignesse,  and  doc  for  the  most  part  fall  away  before  or  shortly 
after  the  leaves  spring  forth,  and  some  hang  on  a  great  part  of  the 
Sommer  :  the  leaves  grow  on  the  twigges,  of  a  darke  greene  colour ; 
the  middle  size  whereof  are  two  inches  broad,  and  three  inches 


ELMS 


39 


long,  some  are  longer  and  broader,  some  narrower  and  shorter, 
rough  or  harsh  in  handling  on  both  sides,  nickt  or  indented  about 
the  edges,  and  many  times  crumpled,  having  a  nerve  in  the  middle, 
and  many  smaller  nerves  growing  from  him  :  the  leafe  on  one  side 
of  the  nerve  is  alvvaies  longer  than  on  the  other.  On  these  leaves 
oftentimes  grow  blisters  or  small  bladders,  in  which  at  the  spring 


The  Common  Elm.^ 

are  little  wormes,  about  the  bignesse  of  Bed-fleas.  This  Elme  is 
common  in  all  parts  of  England,  where  I  have  travelled. 

Ulmus  minor  Miller. 
Vlmus  minor  folio  angusto  scabro.    The  Narrow  leaved  Elme. 

This  tree  is  like  the  other,  but  much  lesser  and  lower,  the  leaves 
are  usually  about  two  inches  and  a  halfe  long,  and  an  inch  or  an 

^  This  figure  originally  appeared  in  Mathiolus,  144;  was  copied  in  Lobel^ 
Obs.  607.  I ;  reproduced  in  Ger.  emac.  1480.  I,  and  reappeared  in  Parkinson, 
1404.  I.  6.    It  shows  blisters  on  the  leaves. 


40 


JOHN  GOODYER 


inch  and  a  quarter  broad,  nickt  or  indented  about  the  edges,  and 
hath  one  side  longer  than  the  other,  as  the  first  hath,  and  are  also 
harsh  or  rough  on  both  sides,  the  barke  or  rinde  will  also  strip  as 
the  first  doth :  hitherto  I  have  not  observed  either  the  flowers  or 
seed,  or  blisters  on  the  leaves,  nor  have  I  had  any  sight  of  the 
timber,  or  heard  of  any  use  thereof.  This  kinde  I  have  seene 
growing  but  once,  and  that  in  the  hedges  by  the  high  way  as  I  rode, 


The  Narrow-leaved  Elm.^ 


betweene  Christ  Church  and  Limmington  in  the  New  Forrest  in 
Hampshire,  about  the  middle  of  September  1624,  from  whence 
I  brought  some  small  plants  of  it,  not  a  foot  in  length,  which  now, 
1633,  are  risen  up  ten  or  twelve  foot  high,  and  grow  with  me  by 
the  first  kinde,  but  are  easily  to  be  discerned  apart,  by  any  that 
will  looke  on  both. 

^  Dodoens,  837 ;  reproduced  in  Ger.  emac.  1480.  2  ;  copied  in  Parkinson^ 
1404.  4.    The  leaves  have  been  attacked  by  insects. 


ELMS 


41 


Wych  Elm.    Ulinus  montana  Stokes. 
Vlmus  folio  latissimo  scabro.     Witch  Hasell,  or  the  broadest 
leaved  Elme. 

This  grovveth  to  be  a  very  great  tree,  and  also  very  high, 
especially  when  he  groweth  in  woods  amongst  other  trees :  the 
barke  on  the  outside  is  blacker  than  that  of  the  first,  and  is  also 
very  rough,  so  that  when  there  is  plenty  of  sap  it  will  strip  or 


The  Wych  Elm.^ 


peele  from  the  v/ood  of  the  boughes  from  the  one  end  to  the 
other,  a  dozen  foot  in  length  or  more,  without  breaking,  whereof 
are  often  made  cords  or  ropes :  the  timber  hereof  is  in  colour 
neere  like  the  first ;  it  is  nothing  so  firme  or  strong  for  naves  of 
Carts  as  the  first  is,  but  will  more  easily  cleave ;  this  timber  is  also 
covered  with  a  white  sappe  next  the  barke :  the  branches  or  young  . 

^  Ger.  emac,  1481.  3  ;  copied  in  Parkinson,  1404.2.    (Stokes' edit,  of  Wither^ 
ing,  1787.) 


43 


JOHN  GOODYER 


boughes  are  grosser  and  bigger,  and  do  spread  themselves  broader 
and  hang  more  downewards  than  those  of  the  first ;  the  flowers  are 
nothing  but  chives,  very  like  those  of  the  first  kind:  the  seed  is 
also  like,  but  something  bigger  :  the  leaves  are  much  broader  and 
longer  than  any  of  the  kindes  of  Elme,  usually  three  or  foure 
inches  broad,  and  five  or  six  inches  long,  also  rough  or  harsh  in 
handling  on  both  sides,  snipt  or  indented  about  the  edges,  neere 


The  Smooth-leaved  Elm.^ 


resembling  the  leaves  of  the  Hasell :  the  one  side  of  the  leaves  are 
also  most  commonly  longer  than  the  other,  also  on  the  leaves  of 
this  Elme  are  sometimes  blisters  or  bladders  like  those  on  the  first 
kinde.  This  prospereth  and  naturally  groweth  in  any  soile  moist 
or  dry,  on  high  hills,  and  in  low  vallies  in  good  plenty  in  most 
places  in  Hampshire,  wher  it  is  commonly  called  Witch  Hasell. 

^  Gerard,  1297.  2  ;  copied  in  Ger.  euiac.  148 1.  4  ;  recopied  in  Parkinson, 
1403-  3*    Stokes  considered  this  figure  as  '  rather  a  variety  of  U.  campestris  '. 


ELMS 


43 


Old  men  affirme,  that  when  long  boughes  were  in  great  use,  there 
were  very  many  made  of  the  wood  of  this  tree,  for  which  purpose 
it  is  mentioned  in  the  statutes  of  England  by  the  name  of  Witch 
Hasell,  as  8.  EL  lo.  This  hath  little  affinitie  with  Carpinus^  which 
in  Essex  is  called  Witch  Hasell. 

Smooth  Leaved  Elm.    Ulmtis  glabi  a  Miller. 
Vlmus  folio  glabro.    Witch  Elme,  or  smooth  leaven  Elme. 

This  kinde  is  in  bignesse  and  height  like  the  first,  the  boughes 
grow  as  those  of  the  Witch  Hasell  doe,  that  is  hanged  more  downe- 
wards  than  those  of  the  common  Elme,  the  barke  is  blacker  than 
that  of  the  first  kinde,  it  will  also  peele  from  the  boughes :  the 
flowers  are  like  the  first,  and  so  are  the  seeds :  the  leaves  in  forme 
are  like  those  of  the  first  kinde,  but  are  smooth  in  handling  on 
both  sides.  My  worthy  friend  and  excellent  Herbarist  of  happy 
memorie  M^  William  Coys  of  Stubbers  in  the  parish  of  North- 
okington  in  Essex  told  me,  that  the  wood  of  this  kinde  was  more 
desired  for  naves  of  Carts  than  the  wood  of  the  first.  I  observed 
it  growing  very  plentifully  as  I  rode  between  Rumford  and  the  said 
Stubbers,  in  the  yeere  1620  intermixed  with  the  first  kinde,  but 
easily  to  be  discerned  apart,  and  is  in  those  parts  usually  called 
Witch  Elme. — Ger.  emac.  1479-82. 

A  copy  of  a  Memorandum,  dated  15  November,  in 
Goodyer's  handv^riting  is  printed  on  p.  374. 

Part  of  the  winter  was  spent  in  working  through 
Gerard's  Herbal  and  in  extracting  lists  of  plants,  one  of 
which  (MS.  f.  83)  was  dated  16  Januarii  1620. 

1621 

Goodyer  signalized  his  twenty-ninth  year  by  turning  out 
more  descriptions  of  new  or  rare  plants  in  the  three  months 
of  July,  August,  and  September  than  in  all  the  rest  of  his 
life.  There  must  have  been  some  special  reason  for  this 
great  output.  It  is  reasonable  to  think  that  he  found  an 
incentive  in  the  large  number  of  novelties  he  had  seen 
in  the  gardens  of  Coys  and  Parkinson.  There  was  also 
the  added  interest  of  possession,  of  the  triumph  of  the 
horticulturist :  seeds  given  to  him  by  Coys  in  the  preceding 
year  were  coming  up  well.    What  would  they  become.^ 


44 


JOHN  GOODYER 


What  new  benefits  to  mankind  might  they  not  be  made  to 
yield  ?  Many  of  them  growing  at  Droxford  under  his  own 
eye  were  either  not  described  or  were  imperfectly  described 
in  Gerard's  Herbal  \  there  was  room  for  a  new  edition, 
or  at  any  rate  for  a  Supplement.  The  new  plants  might 
not  be  hardy  enough  to  survive  the  next  winter,  and  Boel 
might  never  be  able  to  procure  the  same  seed  again. 
Whatever  the  reasons  may  have  been,  Goodyer  s  enthusiasm 
certainly  reached  a  red-heat  this  summer. 

It  was  the  enthusiasm  that  every  true  naturalist  feels 
when  he  is  conscious  of  being  the  first  to  obtain  an  insight 
into  unknown  processes  and  phenomena.  What  plans  for 
publication  he  may  have  had  we  know  not,  nor  do  we  know 
what  hindrances  arose,  but  there  followed  a  hiatus  and 
these  notes  of  Goodyer's  were  laid  aside  for  twelve  years, 
and  then  a  selection  of  them  were  freely  placed  at  the 
disposal  of  Dr.  Johnson  for  the  new  edition  of  Gerard. 

The  descriptions  conform  rigidly  to  the  style  in  vogue 
at  the  period.  The  habit  of  the  plant,  its  stalks,  branches, 
leaves,  flowers,  seed,  root,  duration  are  all  considered  in 
order,  and  in  many  cases  notes  are  added  on  the  season, 
hardiness,  and  locality.  The  technical  words  such  as 
'  footstalk  '  in  the  sense  of  petiole,  *  knee '  =  node,  'bosome'  = 
axil  (of  a  leaf),  '  pointell '  =  pistil,  '  cheives '  =  stamens,  and 
umbell  in  the  modern  sense  are  in  the  language  of  Gerard. 
Occasionally  the  descriptions  are  brightened  by  refreshing 
comparisons.  The  flower  of  Monotropa  '  resembleth  ye 
suck-bottle  which  children  use  to  suck  their  drinke  out  of  ; 
'  seed  no  bigger  than  a  flea ' ;  '  clammie  as  Bird-lime ' ; 
'  woollie  like  Spiders  webbs ' ;  a  colour  is  '  orange  tawnie 
velvett';  a  herb  '  heateth  and  burneth  the  mouth';  the 
distribution  of  the  pollen  of  the  Yew  is  thus  described, 
*  if  you  shall  beate  on  them  stones  into  this  tree  about  the 
end  of  February,  there  will  proceed  and  fly  from  the 
flowers  an  aboundance  of  dustie  smoke  '. 

Moreover,  at  this  period  of  his  scientific  life  he  might 
have  written  as  Ray  did  in  June  1667  that  he  had  been 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


45 


at  work  '  in  gathering  up  into  a  catalogue  all  such  plants 
as  I  had  found  at  any  time  growing  wild  in  England, 
not  in  order  to  the  present  publishing  of  them,  but  for 
my  own  use,  possibly  one  day  they  may  see  the  light'. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  at  this  period  there  was 
no  English  botany  book  worthy  of  the  name  in  existence. 
The  standard  works  used  in  this  country  were  the  Herbal 
of  Dr.  William  Turner,  printed  in  1568  at  Cologne,  and 
illustrated,  7iot  with  drawings  of  British  plants,  but  with 
reduced  copies  of  some  400  figures  drawn  from  continental 
plants  and  previously  used  at  Basel  to  illustrate  the  1545 
edition  of  Fuchs'  great  work.  That  Fuchs'  original  draw- 
ings were  of  considerable  beauty,  and  that  nothing  to  equal 
them  could  have  been  engraved  in  England,  is  admitted  ;. 
but  as  illustrations  to  an  English  Flora  they  were 
misleading. 

In  1574  a  further  impetus  was  given  to  the  study  of 
English  botany  by  the  publication  of  Henry  Lyte's  edition 
of  Dodoens  Herbal,  which,  as  the  preface  shows,  has  con- 
siderable claims  to  originality  rather  than  to  being  a  mere 
translation,  but  for  this  again  the  small,  inferior  copies  of 
Fuchs'  figures  were  requisitioned. 

The  next  and  best  known  of  English  Herbals,  that  of 
Gerard,  appeared  in  1597,  but  again  it  was  a  compilation 
from  foreign  works,  so  imperfectly  '  accomodated  unto  our 
English  nation '  that  Lobel  was  requested  by  the  printer  to 
correct  the-  blunders,  and  still  Goodyer  was  able  to  discover 
many  others. 

Consequently,  like  many  other  botanists,  Goodyer  must 
have  been  eternally  plagued  with  the  attempt  to  make 
English  plants  fit  the  descriptions  and  figures  of  continental 
writers — a  labour  that  has  been  aptly  compared  with  the 
endeavour  to  fit  square  pegs  in  round  holes.  He  was, 
however,  sufficiently  gifted  to  perceive  the  futility  of  the 
attempt,  and  to  recognize  at  an  early  period  the  need  for 
accurate  descriptions  made  from  the  living,  flowering  plant, 
beside  him. 


46 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Among  foreign  authors  he  would  have  relied  largely 
on  Matthiolus,  Bauhin,  and  on  Lobel.  One  of  the  most 
important  works  that  appeared  during  his  working  life  was 
the  Pinax  of  Kaspar  Bauhin,  the  result  of  forty  years  of 
toil,  published  in  1623,  and  acquired  by  Goodyer  in  the 
same  year.  This  work  carried  still  further  Lobel's  idea 
that  natural  affinity  must  be  the  foundation  of  a  truly 
natural  system  :  it  went  far  to  clear  up  the  confusion  in  the 
nomenclature  of  the  day,  which  had  resulted  from  the  fact 
that  different  names  had  often  been  given  to  the  same 
plant  by  different  authors.  The  Pinax,  as  Reynolds  Green 
has  well  put  it,  '  not  only  got  rid  of  much  confusion  by 
setting  forth  the  different  synonyms  in  use,  but  it  introduced 
greater  terseness  of  description,  and  helped  to  restrict  the 
inordinate  length  of  names'.  Green  did  not  think  that 
Bauhin's  work  had  exerted  any  great  influence  in  England  :  ^ 
but  we  have  noted  a  profound  influence  upon  Goodyer's 
work,  who  prepared  and,  had  times  been  favourable,  would 
assuredly  have  published  a  Pinax  of  the  British  flora  on 
the  lines  of  Bauhin,  whose  works  he  had  read,  marked, 
and  inwardly  digested  from  cover  to  cover. 

Goodyer's  excursions  in  search  of  plants  were  rewarded 
by  the  finding  on  2  June  of  two  species  of  Pondweeds  new 
to  the  British  aquatic  flora.  Both  were  growing  quite  near 
home,  the  one  actually  in  Droxford,  the  other  just  over  the 
Sussex  border  at  Durford  on  the  upper  waters  of  the 
Rother.  A  paper,  MS.  f.  6,  suggests  that  either  Goodyer, 
or  more  probably  Sir  T.  Bilson,  was  interested  in  land  that 
once  belonged  to  the  old  Priory  at  Durford. 

On  29  June,  about  a  mile  from  his  native  town  of 
Alton,  he  found  a  plant  which  he  described  as  '  Nidus  avis 
flore  et  caule  violaceo  purpureo  colore This  he  '  found 
wilde  in  the  border  of  a  field  called  Marborne,  neere 
H abridge  in  Haliborne   .  .   .   being   the   land  of  one 

^  On  this  point  Dr.  Church  notes  that  in  Oxford  '  Bauhin's  Pinax  prompted 
Sherard's  Pinax  of  Dillenius,  and  hence  was  responsible  in  England  for  the 
Sherardian  Professor  of  Botany  '. 


NIDUS  AVIS? 


47 


-  William  BaldenJ  In  this  place  also  groweth  wild  the 
thistle  called  Corona  fratriwi  \  The  identity  of  the  species 
has  been  the  subject  of  speculation.  The  most  recent 
review  of  the  position  is  that  of  Mr.  Druce,  who  follows 
Sir  J.  E.  Smith  in  considering  that  the  plant  was  probably 
the  Purple  Broomrape  [Orobancke  purpui^ed)  growing 
parasiticaHy  upon  the  roots  of  the  common  Yarrow  which 
is  now  abundant  in  a  locality,  which  Mr.  Druce  believes 
that  he  has  correctly  identified  with  the  '  field  called 
Marborne Townsend,  on  the  other  hand,  suggests  that 
the  plant  was  the  rare  Violet  Helleborine,  Epipactis  violacea 
Dur.,  which  he  found  near  Alton  ;  a  view  with  which 
Dr.  Stapf  agrees.  In  his  annotated  copy  of  Tabernaemon- 
tanus'  Icones,  Goodyer  has  added  a  note  and  a  reference  to 
the  picture  of  Orobanche  i  to  the  effect  that  it  is  Nidus 
Avis  Lob.  o.  356  or  '  86  (b.  2)',  which  is  evidentl}^  a  refer- 
ence to  Orchis  abortiva  violacea  in  Bauhin's  Pinax,^ 

Although  closely  tied  to  his  work  and  his  garden  during 
the  early  part  of  the  summer,  Goodyer  appears  to  have 
paid  short  visits  to  the  coast,  at  Haylinge  on  20  August, 
where  he  found  Sea  Heath  {Frankenia  laevis  L.),  and 
Diotis  maritima,  which  was  formerly  much  more  widely 
distributed  than  it  is  now  ;  to  Southsea  on  the  30th ;  and 
to  Bursledon  Ferry  on  3  September.  Here  he  saw  the 
Sea  Heath  in  flower  and  described  it  a  second  time. 
At  Bellmere  Pond  he  found  a  white-flowered  Eyebright 
in  flower  on  24  August,  and  at  Southsea  Castle  he  saw 
Climbing  Fumitory  in  flower  on  30  August. 

Altogether  he  described  at  least  ninety  species  of  plants 
during  the  summer,  and  when  October  brought  him  a 
respite  from  his  labours  it  was  but  natural  that  he  should 

^  Parish  Records  might  possibly  show  whether  '  Balden  '  is  an  old  error  for 
Yalden,  the  name  of  Goodyer's  kinsfolk. 

^  Yet  another  view  is  printed  by  the  editors  of  the  catalogue  of  the  Morisonian 
Herbarium.  The  entry  is  '  Orobanche  radice  compacta  major  flore  violaceo, 
nobis.  No  specimen.  In  agro  Ha?itonie7tsi  prope  Alton  oppidit7n  i7ivenit 
D.  Goodyer.  This  is  usually  referred  to  Lunodorum  abortivum  Sw.,  but 
Goodyer's  plant  (of  which  no  specimen  is  known  to  exist)  was  probably 
Helleborine purpurata  Druce'.    Vines  and  Druce,  p.  173. 


48  JOHN  GOODYER 

wish  to  compare  notes  with  his  friend  Coys.  His  descrip- 
tion of  'Jacea  capituHs  hirsutis  Boehi'  certainly  impHes 
that  it  was  taken  on  lo  October  162 1  in  Coys'  own  garden. 
And  a  letter  from  his  friend,  Laurence  Davis,  about  gold 
weights  addressed  to  him  at  Droxford  on  9  November, 
implies  that  he  was  home  again  then. 

To  my  very  loving  freind  Mr.  John  Goodier  at 
Droxford  give  this. 

Mr.  Goodyer  I  have  sent  you  by  Maye  yo'^  gould  waights  w*^ 
those  other  that  you  desired  extraordinary,  only  the  Elz.  Angell 
serves  both  for  the  Edward  &  Elzabeth  waight,  theye  cost  6^ 
And  yo""  peice  I  could  gett  but  8^  10'^  for ;  the  Remaynder  I  have 
returnd  by  Maye.  And  I  am  gladd  to  have  this  occasion  to  expresse 
my  desire  to  bee  esteemed. 

Yo''  ever  loving  freind 

Laurence  Davis. 

I  praye  remind  mee  kindly  to  yo^  fellows 

Patience,  Mr.  Parker,  and  Henry  Henly.  [MS.  f.  9 

This  letter  was  endorsed  by  Goodyer  '  Rec.  9  November  1621  ' 

and  annotated  '  rec.  3^  againe  • 
6 

His  last  work  this  winter  was  to  distinguish  between  '  the 
Yew  bearing  Acorns  and  berryes '  and  '  the  Yew  with  only 
flowers '. 

A  number  of  the  papers  in  which  Sir  Thomas  Bilson's 
affairs  are  mentioned  belong  to  1621  and  1622.  Shopping 
notes  occur  on  MS.  f.  46.  '  Morgan  is  to  doe  the  fan  of 
a  pinke  color '.  '  The  fans  handell  is  to  be  doble  gilt '. 
Among  the  things  to  be  purchased  are  '  20  yards  of  galome 
lace buttons,  fustian,  cambic,  oyle  skins,  50  needles,  and 
other  such  feminine  gear,  p.  382.  The  addresses  'Little 
Minories '  and  '  Barbican '  on  the  same  paper  indicate  that 
business  had  again  taken  him  to  London. 

1622 

The  principal  journey  of  1622  was  to  Oxford.  It  is  not 
difficult  to  find  good  reasons  for  the  visit  The  relations 
that  existed  between  Magdalen  College  and  Goodyer's 


OXFORD  49 

own  county,  with  William  Yalden  the  College  Clerk  of  the 
Account,  his  brother-in-law,  and  in  addition  his  scientific 
interests  may  rather  make  us  wonder  that  he  should  not 
have  visited  Oxford  more  frequently.  It  was  but  the 
)ear  before,  that  Magdalen  had  granted  to  the  University 
five  acres  of  land,  then  in  process  of  being  laid  out  as  a 
Botanic  Garden,  and  Goodyer  may  have  contributed  some 
of  the  first  plants.  Among  the  then  fellows  of  the  College 
was  Walter  Stonehouse  whose  garden-lists  subsequently 
came  into  Goodyer  s  possession,  and  among  the  new  Demies 
was  Sampson  Johnson,  the  friend  of  Thomas  Johnson  and 
an  early  authority  on  the  purgative  action  of  various  kinds 
of  rhubarb.^ 

In  May  Goodyer  completed  his  notes  on  the  flowers  and 
galls  of  the  oak,  and  on  the  cachryes  ^  of  the  walnut, 
chestnut,  alder,  and  birch.  Oak-galls  had  long  had  a 
peculiar  interest,  because  a  gardener  by  '  looking  whether 
there  be  in  them  eyther  Flyes,  Wormes,  or  Spiders '  could 
presage  battle,  dearth,  and  scarcity  or  plague.^ 

On  2  July  '  in  the  high  waie  neare  Abington  leadinge 
towards  Oxford '  he  saw  the  fine  Woolly  Thistle  (Cnicus 
eriophorits),  which  he  had  already  found  by  a  Hampshire 
roadside  in  1617  (f  107).  On  the  5th  while  exploring  'by 
the  Rivers  side  aild  in  the  water  diches  about  Oxford '  he 
saw  the  Great  Water  Parsnip  (Sium  latifolmm  L.)  before 
the  flowers  were  fully  formed,  and  continuing  his  walk  on 
the  west  part  of  Gloster  Hall,  now  Worcester  College, 
he  there  noted  for  the  first  time  the  Wood  Club  Rush 
[Scirpus  sylvaticus  L.)  (f.  7  v.).  . 

^  Thomas  Johnson  wrote  '  My  friend  Mr.  Sampson  Johnson,  Fellow  of  Magdalen 
College  in  Oxford,  assures  me,  that  the  Physitions  of  Vienna  in  Austria  use 
scarce  any  other  [medicine]  at  this  day  than  the  Rubarb  of  the  Antients  which 
grows  in  Hungary  not  far  from  thence  :  and  they  prefer  it  before  the  dried 
Rubarb  brought  out  of  Persia  and  the  East  Indies,  because  it  hath  not  so  strong 
a  binding  facultie  as  it,  neither  doth  it  heate  so  much ;  onely  it  must  be  used 
in  somewhat  a  larger  quantitie'  {Ge7\  emac,  396).  S.  Johnson  had  no 
doubt  opportunity  of  testing  this  statement  during  his  year's  leave  of  absence 
from  College,  beginning  on  14  March  163C-1. 

^  See  p.  174.  '  Thomas  Hill,  The  profitable  Arte  of  Gardenings  1574. 

E 


I 


50 


JOHN  GOODYER 


In  the  autumn  he  paid  his  customary  visit  to  Coys,^ 
who  on  29  September  was  able  to  show  him  '  Scabiosa 
flore  rubro'  in  flower  (cf.  8  October  1621). 

During  the  winter  months  he  was  evidently  occupied 
with  a  literary  labour  that  will  be  referred  to  in  the 
following  year  when  it  w^as  finished. 

In  February  a  stray  note  on  the  Curled  Parsley  (Apiiim 
crispum)  growing  at  Idsworth  suggests  an  excursion  down 
the  steep  wooded  hills  beyond  the  South  Downs  in  the 
midst  of  very  beautiful  country,  then  part  of  the  Forest 
of  Bere.  And  in  March  he  received  seeds  of  twenty-two 
garden  plants  from  Coys,  including  two  kinds  of  '  aples  of 
love'  or  tomatoes,  p.  325. 

1623 

His  botanical  descriptions  now  cease  for  a  while.  We 
have  only  one  note,  on  a  species  of  Acorus  dated  July 
1623.  It  may  be  that  he  was  unable  to  pursue  his  hobby 
with  the  same  activity  as  heretofore :  perhaps  he  had  to 
leave  Droxford — for  we  find  no  mention  of  his  garden 
there  after  this  date.  But  the  advancement  of  botanical 
learning  still  remained  the  prevailing  occupation  of  his 
leisure,  only  from  henceforth  we  find  it  taking  another  form, 
a  desire  to  make  the  plant  lore  of  antiquity  available  for 
English  readers,  and  to  this  he  devoted  the  winter  months. 

By  this  time  he  had  collected  a  considerable  number  of 
botanical  works  both  of  his  contemporaries  and  of  the 
great  Masters  of  the  past.  A  beautifully  bound  copy  in 
Italian  binding  of  the  Aldine  folio  edition  of  Theophrastus 
(1497)  was  among  them.  The  margins  of  this  book  he 
inscribed  with  the  numbers  of  the  chapters,  and  translated 
the  whole  into  English.  The  ten  books  De  Plantis  fill 
238  pages  of  his  neat  small  script,  and  the  six  books  De 
CaiLsis  PlantariLm  take  256  m.ore.    We  do  not  know  when 

^  This  is  proved  by  a  marginal  note  on  p.  130  of  his  copy  of  Parkinson's 
Theatrum.  There  he  renames  Parkinson's  No.  8,  Aster  Virgineus,  as  '  Helian- 
themum  radice  repente  Virginianum.  Mr.  William  Coys  of  Stubbers  in  Essex 
was  wont  to  call  it  so.    26  Sept.  1622  I  sawe  it  in  his  garden.    John  Goodyer'. 


THEOPHRASTUS 


51 


he  bepfan  the  translation,  but  he  noted  the  dates  on  which 

o 

he  completed  the  chapters  De  Causis  PlantariLm. 
Chap.    1    finis    25  Febr.  1622 
„       3      „        8  Marcii  1622 
„       4  18  Marcii  1622 

5      „       28  Jan.  1623 
At  the  end  is  written 

'Finis  6*°  die  Februarij  1623. 
This  booke  was  sent  from  bindinge  the  six  and  twentieth  day  of 
September  1661. 

The  bindinge — the  cleane  paper — the  claspes  4^' 

This,  so  far  as  we  know,  was  the  only  English  translation 
of  the  De  Plaiitis  until  1919,  when  Sir  Arthur  Hort 
published  his  translation ;  but  Goodyer's  still  remains  the 
only  version  of  the  De  Causis  in  the  English  language. 


1624 

We  find  him  resuming  his  botanical  excursions  in  1624. 
He  made  a  second  trip  into  Wiltshire,  and  noted  the 
occurrence  of  Sanfoin  {Onobrychis  saliva  Lam.)  at  Lang- 
ford  and  Stapleford  on  24.  July.  A  carefully  prepared 
itinerary  for  a  tour  in  the  New  Forest  in  September  of  the 
same  year  shows  his  route  : 

From  hyve  to  Lymington  Fr.  hampto  to  Redbridg  4 

from  Lymington  to  Christchurch  fro  Redbridge  to  Ringw  16 

from  Christchurch  to  Poole  8  myle  fro  Ringwood  to  Langham  6 

from  Poole  to  Wareham  7  myles  fr  Langham  to  Poole  4 

to  Wimboine  6 
to  Brainford  10 
to  lichett  3 
from  Wareham  to  Wooll  &  Briden  4  myle 
fro  woU  to  Waymouth  9  myle 
to  Dorchester  9  myle 
to  Woodbury  hill  4  myle 
to  Winfruite  2  to  Osmunton  4 
to  bean  3 
fro  Waymouth  to  Woobury  14 

to  Wimborne  8  fro 
Wimborne  to  Christchurch 
from  Christchurch  to  Lemington  9 
fro  Lemington  to  Bewly  4 
fro  Bewly  to  Hyve  2 


Ringewood 

Poole 

Wooll 

horse  hire 

passag 

Waymouth 

Christchurch 

Lymington  pass 

Hyve  pass 

hampton 

ichen  pass 

.  .  c*  Church 


]\Ir.  laden  of  Wimborne. 


E  2 


16  , 
[MS.  f 


13 


5'^ 


JOHN  GOODYER 


In  preparation  for  this  journey  he  made  copies  of  LobeFs 
descriptions  of  four  species  of  plants  which  were  already- 
recorded  as  living  at  Portland.  A7ithyllis  prior  lentifolia 
peplios  effigie  maritima^  Sedum  Portlandicum,^  Hederatmm 
thlaspi^  and  Papaver  cornuhtm  flore  phoeniceo}  We 
do  not  know  whether  he  found  them  all,  but  we  do 
know  that  he  noticed  as  a  new  species  a  fourth  kind 
of  English  Elm,  the  Narrow-leaved  Elm,  already  described 
on  p.  40. 

Eight  years  later  he  wrote,  '  This  kinde  I  have  seene 
growing  but  once,  and  that  in  the  hedges  by  the  high  way 
as  I  rode  betweene  Christ  Church  and  Limmington  in  the 
New  Forest,  about  the  middle  of  September  1624,  from 
whence  I  brought  some  small  plants  of  it,  not  a  foot  in 
length,  which  now,  1633,  are  risen  up  ten  or  twelve  foot 
high,  and  grow  with  me  by  the  first  kinde  [the  common 
Elme],  but  are  easily  to  be  discerned  apart,  by  any  that 
will  looke  on  both/ 

It  has  been  suggested,  by  Druce,  that  Goodyer  s  Narrow- 
leaved  Elm  was  the  Cornish  Elm,  but  Elwes  and  Henry 
both  refer  it  to  Ulmus  minor  Miller,  which  they  call 
Goodyer's  Elm,  and  with  which  they  merge  Druces  U, 
Ploiii.  Elwes  states  that  Goodyer's  Elm  has  been  lately 
found  near  Christchurch  by  Dr.  Moss. 

On  10  September  he  wrote  a  description  of  the  Shrubby 
Suaeda  (Suaeda  friUicosa  Forsk.)  under  the  name  of 
'  Chamaepytis  vermiculata '. 

Johnson  quotes  him  on  the  subject  of  the  great  abun- 
dance of  the  Common  Spleenwort  in  Woolmer  Forest. 
'Mr.  Goodyer  saith  that  in  January  1624  he  saw  enough 
to  lade  an  horse  growing  on  the  bancks  in  a  lane,  as  he 
rode  betweene  Rake  and  Headly  in  Hampshire,  neere 
Wollmer  Forrest'  {Ger.  ernac.  1146). 

^  Are7iaria  pefloides  L.  ^  EiipJiorbia  portlandica  L.  ^  Cochlearia 

danica'L.  *  Glaiiciwn  phoeniceum  Cx2LVi\.z,  The  '  Sedum  '  is  usually  quoted 
as  '  Tithymalus  and  the  following  plant  as  '  Thlaspi  hederaceum '.  These 
records  are  about  a  century  earlier  than  those  given  by  Mansell-Pleydell,  Flora 
of  Dorset. 


HONEWORT 


53 


1625 

It  was  about  this  time  that  he  learnt  the  local  name 
(Honewort)  and  vertues  of  Corn  Parsley,  a  plant  with 
which  he  had  been  long  familiar,  and  to  which  he  had 
already  given  the  name  '  Selinum  Siifoliis  '  :  but  he  had  no 
English  name  for  it,  until  one  day  he  saw  Miss  Ursula 
Leigh,  servant  to  Mistress  Bilson  of  Mapledurham,  gather- 
ing it  in  the  '  wheate  ershes '  about  Mapledurham  (where 
it  still  grew  in  1632,  especially  in  clay  grounds).  She  told 
him  that  it  was  called   Honewort,  and  that  her  mother 

'  late  of  Brading  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  deceased,  taught  her  to  use  it 
after  the  manner  heere  expressed,  for  a  swelling  which  she  had  in 
her  left  cheeke,  which  for  many  yeeres  would  once  a  yere  at  the 
least  arise  there,  and  swell  with  great  heat,  rednesse,  and  itching, 
until  by  the  use  of  this  herbe  it  was  perfectly  cured,  and  rose  no 
more  nor  swelled,  being  now  (5  Martij  1632)  about  twenty  yeeres 
since,  only  the  scar  remaineth  to  this  day.  This  swelling  her 
mother  called  by  the  name  of  a  Hone,  but  asking  whether  such 
tumors  were  in  the  said  Isle  usually  called  Hones  she  could  not 
tell,  by  reason  shee  was  brought  from  Brading  aforesaid  young, 
and  not  being  above  twelve  yeeres  old  when  shee  used  this 
medicine  \ 

The  Verities. 

*  Take  one  handfull  of  the  greene  leaves  of  this  Honewort,  and 
stampe  them,  put  to  it  about  halfe  a  pinte  or  more  of  beere,  straine 
it,  and  drinke  it,  and  so  continue  to  drinke  the,  like  quantity  every 
morning  fasting  till  the  swelling  doth  abate,  which  with  or  in  her 
was  performed  in  the  space  of  two  weekes  at  the  most.'  ^ 

Next  we  have  the  discovery  of  the  compact  little 
Knotted  Pearl  wort  {Sagina  nodosa),  described  as  '  Alsine 
palustris  foliis  tenuissimis :  sive  Saxifraga  palustris  alsine- 
folia  on  the  boggy  ground  below  the  Red  Well  of  Welling- 
borough in  Northamptonshire.  '  This  hath  not  been  de- 
scribed that  I  finde.  I  observed  it  at  the  place  aforesaid 
II  August  1625.' 

And  in  the  following  month  he  was  the  first  to  record 
the  poisonous  Cowbane  or  Water  Hemlock  (CiczUa  virosa), 

1  Ger.  emac.  1017-18.    See  p.  121. 


54  JOHN  GOODYER 

which  he  named  '  Sium  alterum  olusatri  facie',  on 
1 6  September  1625.  The  locality  was  'by  Moreparke, 
and  at  Denham  in  Hertfordsheire  in  standinge  water  sine 
cmile'  (f.  58). 

It  has  been  suggested  that  Goodyer,  as  a  staunch  Royalist, 
visited  the  Red  Well  because  King  Charles  and  Henrietta 
were  residing  there.  But  surely  the  evidence  is  of  the 
flimsiest.  The  legend  repeated  by  Morton,  and  supported 
by  a  misquotation  from  Laud's  Diary,^  of  the  King  and 
Queen  living  for  weeks  in  a  tent  beside  the  habitat  of 
Sagina  nodosa,  supplies  but  a  sorry  explanation  for 
Goodyer  s  visit  to  a  popular  watering-place. 

The  Northamptonshire  flora  owes  the  first  notice  of  the 
Grass  of  Parnassus  to  the  same  visit. 

1627-8 

Of  his  proceedings  during  the  next  few  years  there 
are  but  few  notes.  On  9  February  1627  he  '  Rec.  of 
Christopher  Potecary  of  Stockton,  5  myles  from  Venny 
Sutton  Clother'.  It  is  not  clear  what  he  did  receive,  for 
after  this  note  follows,  though  written  another  way  up,  a 
list  of  fruit  trees  and  plants,  days  of  Assizes,  and  (upside 
down)  the  recipe  for  an  ointment.^ 

Two  entries,  dated  23  June  1628,  show  that  he  visited 
the  garden  of  one  '  Millaine  '  in  London,  and  saw  there 
'  Sophia  latifolia  in  horto  millaine  prope  le  pest  house '  and 
'  Triticum  spica  multiplici,  in  horto  Millaine '. 

The  former  may  have  been  Sisymbrium  Sophia  and 
Millen's  grass  may  have  been  a  variety  of  Triticitm  tur- 
gidtcm  L. 

The  owner  of  the  garden  was  the  '  Master  John  Millen, 
dwelling  in  Old  Street,  in  whose  nursery  are  to  be  found 

^  The  statement  in  a  well-known  County  History  that  Laud  visited  the 
sovereigns  at  Wellinghorou^h,  is  based  on  a  misreading  of  his  own  entry  that 
the  King  appointed  him  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells, '  Rex  Carolus  me  nominavit 
in  Episcopum  Bathon.  et  Welleft.' 

^  MS.  f.  129  V,  see  p.  384. 


LONDON  AND  OXFORD  55 

the  choisest  fruits  this  kingdom  yields  '  ^  and  *who  from  John 
Tradescant  and  all  others  that  have  good  fruit  hath  stored 
himself  with  the  best  only,  and  he  can  sufficiently  furnish 
any  'J  Parkinson  mentions  the  '  Great  bearing  cherry  of 
Master  Millen  in  1629  His  name  and  address  also  occur 
on  the  back  of  a  letter  of  1631.^ 

^^^^         Qr^^^i^  Mi' 

Q^cfus 


Goodyer's  handwriting 
163 1 

In  1631  Goodyer  was  living  at  Mapledurham.  When 
he  moved,  we  do  not  know,  but  both  his  letters  and  notes 
show  that  his  thoughts  were  in  the  planting  of  a  new 
garden.  He  journeyed  to  London  and  possibly  to  Oxford, 
and  on  27  May  appears  to  have  been  at  '  Godlemen  in 
Surrey '  (Godalming).  He  would  have  had  a  good  reason 
for  visiting  Oxford,  for  his  favourite  nephew  Edmund 
Yalden  had  gone  up  to  Magdalen  College  as  a  Demy  in 
1 630.  A  note  of  a  botanical  station  near  Oxford  was  supplied 
him  by  Leonard  Buckner,^  a  London  apothecary,  and  one 

^  Johnson,  1633,  and  Parkinson,  1629,  p.  575.  MS.  f.  133. 

^  Leonard  Buckner's  discoveries  are  printed  by  Johnson.  '  In  a  field  joyning 
Witney  Parke'  in  1632  he  found  S tacky s  gerjnatiica  L.,  and  'in  a  bog  upon 
a  common  by  the  Beacon  hill  neere  Cumner-wood  in  the  end  of  August  1632', 
three  miles  beyond  Oxford,  a  little  on  this  side  of  Eynsham  ferry,  he  found  the 
Horse-taile  Coralline.  Ger.  emac.  1115.  This  last  plant  has  been  variously 
regarded  as  Equisetum  sylvaticum  L.,  Druce,  Flora  Oxford^  p.  356,  and  as 
Chara  hispida  L.,  Druce,  Flora  Berks,  xcix.  In  the  case  of  the  Stachys, 
Goodyer's  note  antedates  the  date  printed,  and  generally  quoted  from  Johnson, 
by  a  year  and  a  month. 

Leonard's  excursions  near  Oxford  suggest  kinship  with  Dr.  Thomas  Buckner, 
Fellow  of  Magdalen,  161 8-3 1. 


56 


JOHN  GGODYER 


of  the  *  loving  friends  and  Fellow  travellers '  who  accom- 
panied Johnson  in  searching  for  plants  over  a  great  part 
of  Kent. 

'  Stachys :  by  windy  parke  wall  on  ye  west  of  it,  8  myles  from 
Oxford — July  1631.    Leo.  Buckner.'  [MS.  f.  133 

Another  correspondent,  Griffith  Hinton,  who  shows  as 
much  familiarity  with  the  movement  of  Bishops  as  with 
the  stock-in-trade  of  nurserymen,  addressed  two  letters  to 
Goodyer  in  this  year. 
To  his  very  loving  frend 

M'"  John  Goodyear  at  Maple  Derham  neare  Peeterfyeld  in  Hampshier 
geeve  theis. 

Mr.  Goodyer  I  rec.  the  Acquittances,  and  as  sone  as  I  have 
the  Rents  togeather  you  shall  heer  from  mee.  My  Lo.  Byshop  of 
Wynchester^  is  this  day  com  out  of  the  town  for  Farnham  and 
how  long  he  wyll  stay  ther  I  know  not,  but  as  I  heard  by  on  of 
my  Lords  men  hee  wyll  stay  at  Farnham  10  dayes.  Thus  wyth 
my  duety  and  kynd  Remembrance  this  13*^  of  July  1631  I  rest, 

Yors  ever  loving 

Griffith  Hinton. 

[MS.  f.  14 

In  November  1631  Goodyer  was  again  in  London.  The 
notes  of  this  visit  are  not  very  easy  to  read,  but  there  is 
sufficient  to  show  that  he  paid  13^.  Sd.  for  '  Diett  at 
Gilford'  and  that  supper  at  the  King's  Head  cost  los. 
The  paper  is  undated,  but  the  year  is  settled  by  the  days 
of  the  month  on  which  he  purchased  certain  books, 
Dioscorides  and  Thevett  among  others,  which  are  still  in 
existence,  and  are  clearly  inscribed  with  a  date  and  price 
exactly  corresponding  with  the  note  on  the  paper  and 
the  year  1631.  The  further  entry  *  Nov.  8  wyne  w^^ 
Johnson  6^'  has  a  special  significance,  for  about  this  time 
the  two  friends  would  have  been  discussing  their  great 
scheme  of  producing  a  second  edition  of  Gerard's  HerbaL 
In  spite  of  its  great  popularity,  this  Herbal  had  been  an 
unsatisfactory  book  from  the  start.  Indeed,  when  we 
remember  its  history,  it  would  have  been  strange  had  it 

'  In  1 63 1  Walter  Curie  succeeded  Rich^  Neile  as  Bishop  of  Winchester. 


JOHNSON  AND  THE  HERBAL 


57 


been  otherwise.  The  printer,  John  Norton,  had  com- 
missioned Dr.  Priest  to  translate  Dodoens'  Peiiiptades 
(1583)  into  EngHsh.  Priest  died,  and  Gerard  continued 
the  work.  But  to  mask  the  fact  of  his  Herbal  being 
Httle  else  than  a  mere  translation,  he  altered  the  arrange- 
ment from  that  of  Dodoens  to  that  of  Lobel  ;  and 
flippantly  remarking  that  he  had  heard  of  Dr.  Priest's 
labours,  but  the  man  being  dead  his  work  had  perished 
with  him,  he  had  the  effrontery  to  declare  that  his  own 
researches  had  produced  the  work.  Wood-blocks  used  by 
Tabernaemontanus  in  his  Eicones  (1590),  with  some  others, 
were  procured  from  Frankfort  by  Norton,  but  Gerard  soon 
showed  his  slender  knowledge,  by  misapplying  many  of 
the  figures,  and  caused  so  much  confusion  in  the  early 
chapters  of  the  Herbal,  that  the  attention  of  the  printer 
was  directed  to  it  by  James  Garret,  the  London  apothe- 
cary. Lobel  was  therefore  invited  to  correct  the  work, 
and  by  his  own  account  he  actually  corrected  it  in  a 
thousand  places,  but  further  emendation  was  stopped  by 
the  author,  w^ho  contended  that  the  Herbal  was  already 
.sufficiently  accurate,  and  that  his  censor  had  forgotten  the 
English  language.^ 

Gerard's  book  gave  a  very  real  impetus  to  the  study 
of  our  English  flora,  but  it  was  avowedly  a  popular 
work,  '  being  principally  intended  for  gentlewomen  '  - ; 
and  in  this  connexion  Mrs.  Gerard,  who  assisted  her 
barber-surgeon  husband  in  his  practice,  would  have  been 
most  helpful ;  for  her  professional  assistance  was  similar  to 
that  which  Mrs.  Gamp  was  in  the  habit  of  rendering  at 

^  An  excellent  account  of  the  Herbal  is  contained  in  B.  J.  Jackson,  Gerard's 
Catalogue  of  Plants,  1876. 

Americans  of  '  royal  descent '  may  be  interested  to  learn  that  the  copy  of 
Gerard's  Herbal  now  in  the  library  of  the  Botanic  Garden  at  Oxford,  originally 
belonged  to  a  gentlewoman,  Dorathie  Redmayne  (1565-1645)  whom  I  believe 
to  have  been  identical  with  the  mother  of  John  Rolfe  of  Heacham,  ancestress  of 
all  who  trace  their  descent  to  the  Indian  Princess  Pocahontas.  Dorothy  Rolfe's 
second  husband  was  Robert  Redmayne,  Chancellor  of  Norwich.  She  was 
buried  'at  the  feet  of  her  two  husbands'  in  Heacham  Church.  Rolfe  Fafnily 
Records,  p.  11. 


5« 


JOHN  GOODYER 


certain  periods  to  her  lady  clients.  The  scientific  botanist, 
however,  judges  a  book  from  another  standpoint.  Even 
the  genuineness  of  the  Catalogue  of  plants  in  Gerard's  own 
garden  has  been  denied  by  the  'attestor'  Lobel  himself 
In  one  copy  of  the  work  in  the  British  Museum  the 
certificate  has  been  crossed  out,  and  the  words,  in  Lobel's 
handwriting,  '  haec  esse  falsissima,  Matthias  de  Lobel 
are  written  at  the  end  of  it. 

Goodyer  made  the  fullest  use  of  the  Herbal,  and  in  1 6  20-1 
he  may  have  been  contemplating  a  new  and  improved  edition. 
When  or  how  the  same  thought  came  to  Dr.  Johnson  we 
do  not  know,  but  in  the  next  year  Goodyer  was  sending 
Johnson  twenty-seven  sheets  of  manuscript. 

The  name  of  the  inn,  where  he  put  up,  is  given  in  a 
second  letter  from  his  loving  friend  Hinton,  addressed  : 

To  his  very  Loving  frend 

Mr.  John  Goodyear  at  the  sygne  of  the 
Angell  neere  Denma^'k  Hous  in  Strand. 


Mr.  Goodyer  I  wrote  unto  my  frend  for  the  trees  and  this  day 
I  spake  with  him  and  hee  telleth  mee  that  ther  is  no  sure  trees 
growying  about  Barn  Elmes  ^  wher  hee  dvvelleth,  but  hee  hath 
enquired  and  found  that  ther  is  Malacaton  trees  at  Twycknam  in 
Mydd.  and  they  wyll  not  be  sold  under  3^  6^  a  tree,  but  hee  may 
have  an  apricok  tree  for  i^^    I  shall  speake  with  him  agayn  eyther 

^  The  Earl  of  Essex  had  a  garden  at  Barne  Elmes,  Ge7\  emac.  1396,  and  so 
had  Sir  Francis  Walsingham  (d.  1590),  Ger.  501. 

^  The  Twickenham  fruit  garden  must  have  been  that  of  Mr.  Vincent 
Pointer,  who  had  the  greatest  variety  of  plums  in  England  {Gerard),  and  is 
quoted  by  Sir  Hugh  Piatt,  Floraes  Paradise,  1608,  pp.  117-18,  as  an  authority  on 
grafting.  His  nurseries  are  mentioned  by  Ben  Jonson,  who  states  that  he  was 
better  known  'by  Poynter's  name  than  by  his  owne'.  His  real  name  was 
Corbet,  and  he  was  the  father  of  Dr.  Richard  Corbet  (b.  1582),  Dean  of  Christ 
Church  (Aubrey,  Lives),  and  was  also  connected  with  a  garden  at  Ewell  in  Surrey. 


That  though  they  did  possesse  each  limbe,      So  of  uncleannesse,  or  offence, 
Yet  he  broke  them,  e're  they  could  him,      That  never  came  ill  odour  thence: 


163I 


A7i  Epitaph  on  Master  Vincent  Corbet. 


Deare  Vincent  Corbet  who  so  long 
Had  wrestled  with  Diseases  strong 


His  Mind  was  pure,  and  neatly  kept, 
As  were  his  Nourceries ;  and  swept 


With  the  just  Canon  of  his  life, 

A  life  that  knew  nor  noise  nor  strife : 


And  adde  his  Actions  unto  these 
They  were  as  specious  as  his  Trees- 
Ben  Jonson,  Underwoods,  1640. 


PURCHASE  OF  FRUIT  TREES 


59 


tomorrow  or  Thursday  that  I  may  geve  him  an  answer,  therfore 
I  pray  you  send  mee  word  by  this  bearer  or  yf  you  Gooe  to  have 
them  about  this  town  bethink  yo""  self.  I  spake  with  on  Crawley 
who  was  my  Lord  Byshopp  Androse  ^  his  gardner  after  I  had 
written  to  Barn  elmes  and  Crawley  promysed  me  to  help  mee  to 
som  but  at  what  pryce  I  know  not  yf  you  please  to  speake  with 
him  send  mee  word  and  appoynt  the  tyme  and  I  will  speak 
with  him  tomorrow  or  yf  you  wyll  have  them  out  of  the  contry 
send  me  word  that  they  may  bee  reddy  to  bee  sent  down  by  the 
carrier  tomorrow,  serving  this  with  my  duety  this  15  of  november 
I  rest  Yo"  ever 

Griffith  Hinton. 

[MS.  f.  133 

On  the  same  letter  is  wTitten  in  Goodver's  hand  : 


James 
D. 

Roberts 
Pashley 

(su) 


II  10 
16  7 

-  10 

-  12 


Violett 
May  cherry 
Duke  cherry 
Bon  crittian 


Buckett 


II  10 

16  7 
4  10 

32  7 


Mr.  Withovvbie  Hamshere 
Audit 
Draba  ger. 

Gramen  alopecuroides  spica 
02  64  aspera  is  Gramen  crista- 

tum  Baeticum  by  y®  adia- 
4  cent  pts  of  Shepey. 

4  Stachys.  by  windy  parke  wall  on  ye  west  of 

o  it  8  myles  from  Oxford  in  July  1631. 

~8  Leo.  Buckner. 

at  Mr.  John  Harrison  in  pater  noster  Rowe 
at  the  Golden  Unicorne — a  stationer. 

[MS.  {.  133 

Both  the  letter  and  Goodyer's  notes  written  upon  it  show 
that  he  was  stockinof  his  earden.  '  Millain  of  old  Street '  is 
again  mentioned,  as  is  '  Hugobert  at  Ratcliffe '.^  The 
prices  paid  for  some  fruit  trees  are  noted  on  the  back  of 
this  letter. 

In  January  he  was  trying  to  get  into  touch  with  foreign 
herborists  with  a  view  to  obtaining  the  seeds  of  foreiorn 
plants  in  exchange  for  English  seeds.  Drafts  of  two 
letters  are  extant. 

Sir, 

I  have  made  a  short  Catalogue  of  some  plants  which  growe 
for  the  most  p[ar]te  wild  in  Fraunce ;  you  may  acquaint  anie 
herborists  there  that  you  please  yf  they  will  [be  pleased]  helpe  me 
to  seeds  of  them,  or  any  other,  I  will  by  your  directions  furnish 
^  Lancelot  Andrewes,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  1618-26. 

^  The  name  Hugobert  recalls  an  apothecary,  Abraham  Hugobert,  who  was 
fined  by  the  Apothecaries  Company  for  not  presenting  an  apprentice  in  1650. 


6o 


JOHN  GOODYER 


them  with  such  as  they  shall  desire  which  growe  wild  with  us  in 
England  or  in  our  gardens ;  those  in  my  Catalogue  are  all  con- 
tayned  in  Pena  his  Adversaria,  I  have  quoted  the  page  that  there 
may  be  no  mistakinge.  And  I  entreate  you  to  desire  so  much  of 
those  that  send  me  any  seeds  to  name  the  Author  and  the  page 
of  his  booke  that  wrightes  of  them  for  every  seed — all  sort  he 
sends,  if  not  written  of,  to  say  so.  This  way  is  the  triall  of  an 
herborist,  and  will  save  me  a  greate  deale  of  paines  ;  by  gods  helpe 
I  will  doe  the  like  to  them  for  those  seeds  I  shall  send.  Thus 
making  bold  to  trouble  you  uppon  your  kind  promise,  wishing  you 
a  prosperous  journey, — I  rest  ^ 

Yours  to  my  power — 

[MS.  f.  132 

[The  catalogue  contains  the  names  of  fifty-one  plants  with 
references  to  Lobel  and  Pena,  Adversaria.^ 

16  January  1 63 1. 

Mr.  Wray,  I  have  made  bold  to  send  this  inclosed  letter  to 
you,  I  entreate  you  to  convey  him  to  Mr.  Langrish  if  he  be  yet  in 
England,  if  gone  over  to  send  him  after  him  if  it  may  be  done 
with  convenience,  if  not  pray  send  him  back  to  me  againe.  It  was 
his  desire  when  he  was  with  us  in  the  contrey  that  I  should  send 
this  letter  to  you  for  him.  Thus  remayning  ready  to  doe  as  much 
and  more  for  you  as  it  be  in  my  power,  I  rest 

Your  loving  friend 

[MS.  f.  13a 

Both  of  these  letters  are  in  Goodyer's  handwriting. 
The  identity  of  Mr.  Wray  is  a  matter  of  doubt.  In  the 
N.  B.  are  mentioned  two  members  of  a  Yorkshire 
family  of  the  name,  of  v^hom  Sir  J.  Wray  {i 586-1655)  is 
known  to  have  spent  1603-6  in  foreign  travel,  which  is 
rather  early  for  our  present  purpose,  and  the  Captain  Wray, 
who  with  John  Evelyn  in  1646  found  rare  simples  growing 
on  the  Euganean  Hills,  is  rather  too  late. 

1632 

The  doctrine  of  the  fixity  of  species  so  tenaciously  held 
in  after  years  by  Linnaeus  and  his  school  formed  no  part 
of  the  science  of  Goodyer  and  his  contemporaries,  or  of  the 
ancients.    The  artificial  production  of  new  varieties  was 


PRODUCTION  OF  NEW  SPECIES 


61 


already  known  to  Shakespeare  before  16 10,  at  any  rate  as 
far  as  gillyflowers  are  concerned.  Perdita,  having  been 
told  the  cause  of  their  streakiness,  cared  not  to  get  slips  of 
them  for  her  rustic  garden  :  they  had  the  reputation  of 
beine  '  nature's  bastards and  she  was  also  aware  that  it 
was  possible  to  produce  similar  piedness  by  art  (inocula- 
tion). Polixenes  tried  to  argue  with  her  that  as  all  arts 
that  add  to  nature  are  made  by  nature,  the  crossing  of 
different  races  is  but  natural  after  all,  and  that  she  should 
therefore  make  her  garden  '  rich  in  gilliflowers  '.^ 

In  Shakespeare's  day  people  were  familiar  with  the  idea 
of  two  sexes  among  plants,  although  the  function  of  pollen 
was  still  unrecognized.  But  it  was  a  remarkable  prevision 
of  genius,  which  we  can  only  describe  as  Shakespearean,  to 
explain  the  production  of  varieties  among  plants  as  the 
result  of  cross-breeding,  at  a  time  when  botanists  knew 
nothing  about  the  function  of  the  flower.^  The  Art  to 
which  Perdita  refers  must  be  the  art  of  Inoculation,  of 
inserting  the  buds  of  one  plant  into  or  upon  another.^ 
And  Shakespeare's  al^er  ego,  Bacon,  reflects  the  same 
thought.  'It  is  a  Curiosity  to  make  Flowers  Double.  .  .  . 
Enquire  also,  whether  Inoculating  of  Flowers  (as  Stock 

^  Winter's  Tale,  iv.  3. 

^  Dr.  Church  points  out  that  at  the  time  of  which  we  are  speaking,  the  idea 
of  crossing  by  grafting  was  accepted,  and  the  methods  of  grafting  fruit  trees  were 
fully  set  forth  in  many  books.  As  far  as  the  '  Secretes '  of  the  ordering  and 
care  of  Gillyflowers  are  concerned,  Th.  Hill,  Arte  of  Gardening,  1574,  divulged 
the  following  :  '  you  may  make  one  stalke  to  bring  forth  floures  of  many  colours, 
if  you  take  the  seeds  of  every  colour  of  the  Gilifloure,  and  put  them  altogether 
into  a  thinne  small  rede  or  Terdill  of  a  sheepe  or  goate,  or  else  tied  up  in 
a  thinne  worne  linnen  cloth,  setting  the  same  in  the  earth  well  mixed  with  dung  : 
which  after  the  watering  will  cause  a  plant  to  come  uppe,  bearing  the  like 
number  of  colours  in  one  stalke,  as  there  were  seedes  sowen. 

And  there  be  some  which  write,  that  if  you  myxe  the  Basill  seedes  with  the 
Gilifloure  seedes,  and  use  them  (as  above  sayde)  that  they  will  spring  togither 
on  one  stalke '. 

It  must  also  be  remembered  that  Hill  had  many  contemporaries,  who,  had 
they  been  acquainted  with  the  method  of  the  production  of  new  varieties  by 
hybridization,  would  not  have  imparted  their  secret  to  others,  so  long  as  they 
thought  that  there  might  be  money  in  it. 

^  Fleming's  Virgil,  Georgics,  ii.  21.  1589. 


62 


JOHN  GOODYER 


GilLy-flowers,  Roses,  Musk- Roses,  &c.),  doth  not  make 
them  Double ' } 

The  idea  of  the  sudden  appearance  of  a  new  species  as 
a  Mutation  would  have  been  quite  familiar  to  Goodyer. 
We  have  already  quoted  a  passage  ^  (under  1620)  in  which 
he  put  forward  a  theory,  as  worthy  of  consideration,  that 
the  seed  of  Sweet  Marjoram  might  degenerate  and  send 
forth  Acmos  odoratissimum. 

Francis  Bacon,  seven  years  later,  accepted  the  possibility 
of  such  a  change,  and  suggested  an  experiment  for  the 
Transmutation  of  Flowers.  '  The  second  rule  shall  be 
to  bury  some  few  seeds  of  the  herb  you  would  change, 
amongst  other  Seeds ;  And  then  you  shall  see  whether  the 
juyce  of  those  other  seeds  doe  not  so  qualify  the  Earth,  as 
it  will  alter  the  seed,  whereupon  you  worke.  As  for 
Example  .  .  .  put  Basill-seed  amongst  Thyme-seed,  and  see 
the  change  of  taste,  or  otherwise.'  ^  The  effect  of  a  change 
of  environment  was  illustrated  by  the  classical  instance  of 
Lobel,^  who  sowed  '  Papaver  nigrum '  in  Somersetshire 
and  found  it  to  come  up  changed  '  by  the  sport  of  Nature 
and  metamorphosis'  into  '  Papaver  album '.^  And  in  1632 
Goodyer  found  what  was  believed  to  be  an  instance  of  the 
partial  change  of  an  ear  of  wheat  into  oats.  Our  modern 
knowledge  of  the  possibilities  of  plant-breeding  will  of 
course  not  permit  us  to  believe  in  his  explanation  of  the 
phenomenon  :  he  was  probably  misled  by  some  monstrosity 
in  the  ear,  but  the  record  is  of  value  as  showing  the  frame 
of  mind  in  which  these  early  botanists  tried  to  describe 
honestly  what  they  saw.  A  later  generation  would  have 
cast  the  thing  aside  as  being  'against  nature'  and  not 
worth  a  serious  thought.    Johnson  records  it  as  'a  rare 

'  Bacon,  Nat.  Hist.  §  513.  1627.  Here  the  word  '  flower'  is  used  in  different 
senses,  first  as  a  bloom,  secondly  as  a  plant.  Bacon's  science  was  occasionally 
muddled. 

-  Ger.  emac.  65.  ^  Bacon,  I.  c.  §  527. 

*  Lobel,  Offi,ci7ia  Phartnaceutices  Rondellet,  1605,  p.  37. 

^  A  change  of  colour  from  blue  or  yellow  to  white  in  the  case  of  Wild  Succory 
and  Moth  Mullein  was  attributed  by  Merrett  to  a  change  to  a  poor  soil.  Ptnax, 
Epistle  to  reader,  i6th  page.  1667. 


RUSSIAN  PLANTS 


63 


observation,  of  the  transmutation  of  one  species  into 
another,  in  plants;  which' though  it  have  beene  observed 
of  ancient  times,  as  by  TheopJirastus,  de  caus.  plant,  lib.  ^. 
cap,  6,  whereas  amongst  others  hee  mentioneth  the  change 
of  Z^ia  7rpb9  TOP  ^pofiov.  Spelt  into  oates :  and  by  Virgill  in 
these  verses ; 

Grandia  saepe  qitibtcs  mandavimus  Hordea  stdcis, 
Infoelix  Lo litem,  &  steriles  dominantur  avenae. 
That  is ; 

In  furrowes  where  great  Barley  we  did  sow. 
Nothing  but  Darnel  and  poore  Oats  do  grow  ; 
yet  none  that  I  have  read  have  observed,  that  two  severall 
graines,  perfect  in  each  respect,  did  grow  at  any  time  in 
one  eare  :  the  which  I  saw  this  yeare  1632,  in  an  eare  of 
white  Wheat,  which  was  found  by  my  very  good  Friend 
Master  lohn  Goodyer,  a  man  second  to  none  in  his  in- 
dustrie  and  searching  of  plants,  nor  in  his  iudgement  or 
knowledge  of  them.  This  eare  of  wheat  was  as  large  and 
faire  as  most  are,  and  about  the  middle  thereof  grew  three 
or  foure  perfect  Oats  in  all  respects  :  which  being  hard  to 
be  found,  I  held  very  worthy  of  setting  downe,  for  some 
reasons  not  to  be  insisted  upon  in  this  place ' } 

The  Goodyer  crest,  a  partridge  with  a  good  eai^  of  wheat 
in  its  beak,  is  said  to  have  been  suggested  by  this  excep- 
tional find. 

Various  lists  of  exotic  plants  and  of  foreign  floras  which 
passed  between  correspondents  abroad  and  their  agents  in 
this  country,  show  how  eager  botanists  w^ere  at  this  period 
to  obtain  accounts  of  the  floras  of  foreign  countries.  Few 
of  these  documents  are  dated,  but  one,  a  list  of  Russian 
plants,  was  written  in  June  of  this  year.  At  the  end  of 
the  list  the  writer  adds  :  '  and  many  other  which  I  know 
not  and  are  not  to  be  found  in  my  herball.  I  will  have 
their  effigies  drawne,  and  will  hereafter  send  them  you 
with  their  leaves  and  Russe  names  and  vertues. 

Mosco,  12  Junij  1632  Robert  Tewe.' 

^  Ger.  euiac.  65. 


64  JOHN  GOODYER 

The  note  which  follows  may  or  may  not  refer  to  Tewe's 
expenses. 

'  150I  p.  ann.    12^^  io»  a  moneth.'  ^ 

It  is  clear  that  Tewe  must  have  been  a  member  of,  or  have 
been  helped  by,  the  Muscovia  Company,  then  engaged  in 
active  trade  with  Russia. 

The  important  domestic  event  of  his  marriage  occurred 
in  this  year.  The  Licence  issued  by  the  Faculty  Office  of 
the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  bears  date  15  November 
1632. 

*  John  Goodyer  of  Beryton  co.  Southampton,  gentleman, 
bachelor,  40,  and  Patience  Crumpe,  spinster,  about  30,  daughter 
of  Walter  Crumpe,  late  of  St.  Giles  in  the  Fields,  Middlesex,  tailor 
at  St.  Giles  in  the  Fields  or  St.  Gregory's  London.' 

There  is  evidence  that  John  and  Miss  Crump  were 
friends  of  long  standing.  In  a  letter  dated  9  November 
1 62 1  Laurence  Davis  ends  with  a  postcript :  'I  praye 
remind  me  kindly  to  yo^'  fellows  Patience,  Mr.  Parker,  and 
Henry  Henly At  that  time  Goodyer  and  presumably 

Patience  also,  were  living  at  or 
near  Droxford.  Soon  after  the 
wedding  he  moved  from  Maple- 
durham  to  a  house  in  the  Spain 
in  Petersfield.    The  Spain  is  a 

 ^  ^     picturesque  open  place  or  square 

^^^^^^^^^^  which  is  said  to  have  received 

Petersfield.  name  from  the  Spanish  mer- 

chants who  resorted  there  for 
wool-dealing.^  The  street  of  approach  from  the  market- 
place is  still  named  Sheep  Street.  In  the  eighteenth 
century  a  horse-market  was  held  there. 

John  Goodyer  s  house  Ms  still  standing  to-day,  and  is 
one  of  the  most  interesting  in  the  whole  of  Hampshire. 
The  half  of  it  which  I  had  the  privilege  of  inspecting  has 
been  burdened  with  the  ridiculous  name  of  St.  Aubyns, 
but  until  1907  it  bore  legally  the  title  which  it  bore  in 


^  J.  Williams,  History  of  Petersfield^  p.  34, 


HOUSE  IN  PETERSFIELD 


65 


John  Goodyer's  time,  ''The  Great  House".    The  word 
"great"  was  not  synonymous  with  "big";  it  simply  meant 
of  chief  importance'.^     In  April  191 7  a  tablet  was  im- 
bedded in  the  brickwork  of  the  front  of  the  house  : 
JOHN  GOODYER 
Botanist  and  Royalist 
(1592-1664) 
lived  here. 

In  August  last  I  made  a  pilgrimage  to  Petersfield  to  see 
the  house.  The  two-gabelled  front  facing  the  Spain  was 
a  disappointment :  it  has  been  altered  out  of  recognition 
by  the  substitution  of  sash  windows  for  the  old  casements  : 
Goodyer  would  not  know  it.  To  south  and  west  there  are 
still  a  few  of  the  original  features.  On  the  south  an  old 
doorway,  with  stone  jambs  and  flat-pointed  arch-stone  dated 
'  '755*'  leading  out  into  the  garden,  is  almost  certainly 
the  original  front  door  to  the  house.  The  old  mullioned 
windows,  with  splayed  jambs  of  red  brick,  have  mostly 
been  covered  with  wall-tiling,  though  several,  now  walled 
up,  are  an  architectural  feature  in  the  small  yard  at  the 
back  of  the  house.  Perhaps  the  window-tax  may  have 
been  the  cause  of  the  blocking  of  the  windows,  and  the 
utility  of  their  embrasures  inside,  when  fitted  as  cupboards, 
may  have  led  to  some  hesitation  in  reopening  them. 

Within  the  house  there  is  much  to  delight  the  antiquary. 
The  heavy  oak  beams  crossing  the  ceilings,  the  uneven 
floors  of  thick  and  broad  oak  planks,  the  broad  slanting 
corbels  close  under  the  ceilings,  which  support  the  hearth- 
stones above,  and  many  other  details,  all  help  him  to 
reopen  in  his  mind  the  old  windows  whose  splays  and 
mullions  he  sees  in  the  walls,  and  to  think  away  the  thin 
partitions  that  now  subdivide  the  rooms  in  which  Goodyer 
had  his  library,  and  where  he  worked  and  wrote. 

Of  unusual  interest  is  the  old  stairway,  a  square  brick 
and  stone  built  structure  at  the  back  of  the  house,  formerly 
lit  on  two  sides  by  small  windows,  now  blocked  up,  placed 

^  M.  E.  Wotton,  John  Goodyer  in  Hants  and  Sussex  News,  11  April  1917- 

F 


66 


JOHN  GOODYER 


in  a  spiral  to  follow  the  stairs.  The  window-openings  can 
be  seen  from  the  inside,  but  on  the  outside  they  have  been 
concealed  by  more  modern  buildings  raised  against  them. 
The  conjectural  arrangement  of  the  original  windows  is 
shown  in  the  sketch. 


Goodyer's  House  in  the  Spain. 

{The  blocked  windows  of  the  Stairway  have  heeji  reconstructed 
hy  Mr.  A.  E.  Gunther  from  photographs  taken  for  the  purpose 
by  Mr.  Llewellyn  Bradley.) 

And  then  there  is  a  long  four-light  muUioned  window  up 
in  the  wall  of  the  present  kitchen,  so  high  above  the  floor 
that  to  one  architect  it  has  suggested  a  chapel,  but  perhaps 
the  original  builder  knew  the  advantage  of  a  top  light  to 
his  kitchen,  as  well  as  of  a  window  through  which  the 
neighbours  could  not  peep.    Many  constructional  details. 


PETERSFIELD 


67 


including  an  upstairs  fire-place  in  a  massive  pier,  facing 
a  window,  and  within  four  feet  of  it,  still  need  explanation  : 
the  well  in  the  cellar  and  a  possible  underground  passage 
need  exploration.  It  is  greatly  to  be  desired  that  the 
house  may  find  an  owner  who  will  undertake  the  intelligent 
and  sympathetic  restoration  of  what  is  perhaps  the  most 
interesting  house  in  Petersfield. 

The  papers  of  the  next  two  years  bear  evidence  of  his 
change  of  abode  and  change  of  state.  Memoranda  and 
accounts  show  that  he  was  occasionally  commissioned  to  do 
shopping  for  his  wife.  Notes  of  one  and  a  half  yards  of 
white  cotton,  of  hooks  and  eyes,  of  silk  and  buttons,  tell 
a  story  as  clear  as  it  is  brief,  while  on  the  other  hand  we 
read  of  the  employment  of  certain  labourers  on  24  June 
1634  for  'digging  my  grounds'.^  This  evidently  refers  to 
a  new  garden  in  Petersfield. 

On  5  March  1632  he  noted  the  beneficial  result  of  the 
application  of  Honewort  {Cartcm  segetum  Benth.)  to  a 
swelling  or  'Hone'  in  the  cheek  of  Mrs.  Mooring,  when 
a  young  girl. 

1633 

The  summer  after  his  marriage  he  found  on  2  July  the 
local  Starry-headed  Small  Water  Plantain  {Damasonium 
stellatiim  Pers.)  between  Sandie  Chappell  and  Kingston, 
having  previously  found  it  on  Hounslow  Heath.  Johnson 
found  it  a  little  beyond  Ilford  in  the  way  to  Rumford.^ 
But  Goodyer  had  observed  it  in  16 18. 

On  4  July  he  was  busy  with  the  Ferns  of  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Petersfield.  '  I  have  observed '  he  wrote  *  fower 
sorts  of  Ferne,  by  most  wrighters  esteemed  to  be  the  male 
Fern  of  Dioscorides :  by  Anguillara,  Gesner,  Caesalpinus, 
and  Clusius  accounted  to  be  the  Female,  and  so  indeed 
doe  I  thinke  them  to  be,  though  I  call  them  the  Male  with 

1  Theophilus  Hasted)  ^, 

V>       u  '       T    ••  Tho.  Bowyier  ^ 

Tho.  Crowcher  '  t.,^,,  j 

Andrew  Ansell 

[MS.  f.  14 


Tho.  Crowcher       j  24  Junij  gyj^^g^^j.!  digging  my  grounds. 


Ger.  emac.  418. 

F  2 


68 


JOHN  GOODYER 


the  multitude.  If  you  looke  on  these  Femes  accordinge 
to  their  seuerall  growthes  and  ages,  you  may  make  many 
more  sorts  of  them  than  I  have  done  ;  which  I  am  afraid 
hath  beene  the  occasion  of  describinge  more  sorts  than 
indeed  there  are  in  nature.  These  descriptions  I  made  by 
them  when  they  were  in  their  perfect  growthes '  (cf 
P-  i8i). 

His  No.  I  '  FiHx  mas  ramosa  pinnulis  dentatis'  is  the 
earliest  reference  to  the  Broad  Shield-fern  (Aspiditcm  dila- 
latum). 

'This  groweth  plentifully  in  the  boggie  shadowie  moores  neare 
Durford  Abbey  in  Sussex,  and  also  on  the  moist  shadowie  rocks 
by  Mapledurham  in  Hampsheire  .  .  .  and  I  have  found  it  often  on 
the  dead  putrified  bodies  and  stemms  of  old  rotten  okes,  in  the  said 
moores,  neare  the  old  plants  I  have  observed  verie  manie  small 
yonge  plants  growinge,  which  came  by  the  fallinge  of  the  seed 
from  those  dusty  scales  :  for  I  believe  all  herbes  have  seeds  in 
themselves  to  produce  their  kindes,  Gen.  i.  ii  and  12.' 

His  second  species  was  the  Male  Shield-fern  [Aspiduim 
Filix  mas).  '  This  grows  plentifully  in  most  places  in 
shadowie  woods  and  copses.'  It  had  not  been  previously 
recorded  for  Hampshire.  The  variety  Aspidium  Filix 
mas  var,  affinis,  w^as  noted  '  in  many  places  in  the  shade 
The  Prickly  Shield-fern  {Polystichuin  lobatuin)  or  the  allied 
Angular  Shield-fern  (/^.  angular e)  was  also  abundant  '  on 
the  shadowie  moist  rockes  by  Mapledurham  neare  Peters- 
feld  in  Hampsheire'. 

The  Marsh  Shield-fern  [Aspidium  Thelypteins  Sw.)  is 
probably  the  species  described  under  the  name  '  Dryo- 
pteris  Penae  et  Lobelii '  on  6  July;  if  so,  Good3'er's  is  the 
earliest  British  record  of  it. 

'  Manie  yeres  past  I  found  this  ferne  in  a  verie  wett  more  or 
bogge  beinge  the  land  of  Richard  Austen  called  Whitrowe  inoore, 
where  Peate  is  now  digged,  a  mile  from  Petersfeld  in  Hampsheire, 
and  this  sixt  of  July  1633  I  digged  there  manie  plants,  and  by 
them  made  this  description.  I  never  found  it  growinge  in  anie 
other  place.' 

The  descriptions  of  these  Ferns  were  almost  certainly 


GERARD  EMACULATUS 


69 


prepared  for  his  friend  Johnsons  new  edition  of  Gerard's 
Herbal,  which  appeared  in  the  winter  of  1633,  and  has 
hitherto  been  the  principal  source  of  information  about 
Goodyer  s  plants,  many  of  which  are  acknowledged  in  the 
most  exemplary  manner.  On  the  other  hand  many  species 
are  just  referred  to  him  without  further  notice  of  the  date  or 
place  of  discovery,  and  doubtless  other  species  of  Goodyer  s, 
having  come  to  Johnsons  knowledge  independently,  are 
not  acknowledged  as  his  at  all.  Among  the  Goodyer  MSS. 
there  is  a  list  of  descriptions  of  113  plants  sent  by  him  on 
5  March  1632,  of  five  more  sent  on  12  March,  and  of  two 
more  sent  on  19  March,  to  Johnson  for  incorporation  in 
the  book,  and  with  the  exception  of  seven,^  all  these 
descriptions  are  extant. 

In  the  preface  to  the  edition,  dated  from  his  house 
on  Snow-hill  22  October  1633,  Johnson  acquaints  the 
reader  with  what  he  has  performed,  '  either  by  mending 
what  was  amisse  or  by  adding  such  as  formerly  were 
wanting',  or  by  putting  out  descriptions  and  words  that 
were  not  very  necessary.  Moreover,  he  conscientiously 
marked  all  new  figures  and  text  with  signs  J,  by  which  the 
new  work  can  be  readily  distinguished  from  the  old.  In 
all  this  Johnson's  work  shows  much  careful  thought ;  and 
it  is  here  that  we  would  desire  to  quote  from  his  concluding 
sentences. 

'  I  must  not  in  silence  passe  over  those  from  whom  I  have 
received  any  favour  or  incouragement,  whereby  I  might  be  the 
better  enabled  to  performe  this  Taske.  In  the  first  place  let  me 
remember  the  onely  Assistant  I  had  in  this  Worke,  which  was 
lohn  Goodyer  of  Maple-Durham  in  Hampshire,  from  whom 
I  received  many  accurate  descriptions,  and  some  other  observations 
concerning  plants ;  the  which  (desirous  to  give  every  man  his  due) 
I  have  caused  to  be  so  printed,  as  they  may  be  distinguished  from 
the  rest :  and  thus  you  shall  know  them ;  in  the  beginning  is  the 

^  The  seven  descriptions  which  we  have  not  been  able  to  trace  are:  Sonchus 
Africanus  Boelii,  Alsine  major  repens  Clusio,  A.  palustris  foliis  tenuissimis, 
Ranunculus  flammeus  aquatilis  angustifolius  hirsutus  flore  magno,  Anagallis 
erecta  floribus  albis,  Radix  cava  minima  viridi  flore,  Draba  lutea  siliquis 
longissimis,  v.  strictissimis  C.  Bau.  [MS.  f.  134. 


70 


JOHN  GOODYER 


name  of  the  plant  in  Latine  in  a  line  by  it  selfe,  and  at  the  end 
his  name  is  inserted;  so  that  the  Reader  may  easily  finde  those 
things  that  I  had  from  him,  and  I  hope  together  with  me  will  be 
thankfuU  to  him,  that  he  would  so  readily  impart  them  for  the 
further  increase  of  this  knowledge.' 

Dr.  Reynolds  Green  has  estimated  that  the  new  book 
contained  about  2,850  descriptions  of  plants,  so  far  the 
largest  number  included  in  any  herbal.  This  made  the 
work  the  most  important  and  influential  of  its  time,  but 
we  cannot  agree  with  Dr.  Green  in  attributing  the  name 
by  which  it  is  widely  quoted,  '  Gerard  Emaculatus to  Ray, 
for  How  in  1650,  and  John  Goodyer  still  earlier,  had  already 
made  a  practice  of  referring  to  it  by  that  name.  Nor  can 
we  agree  that  Johnson  was  the  first  to  depart  from  the 
practice  of  the  older  botanists  in  relying  on  their  gardens 
for  the  plants  they  described.  Goodyer  had  long  paid 
special  attention  to  wild  plants. 

Green  remarks,  as  have  some  others,  on  the  '  rapidity 
with  which  Johnson  worked'  and  that  'he  had  but  little 
assistance But  this  is  a  wrong  view.  He  had  the 
assistance  of  the  best  English  botanist  of  the  day. 

The  work  of  the  two  men  was  essentially  on  different 
lines.  Johnson  was  an  M.D.,  he  had  translated  the  surgical 
works  of  Ambrose  Parey  ;  he  discussed  the  medicinal  pro- 
perties or  vertues  of  plants  with  greater  gusto  than  he 
displayed  for  their  morphology.  Goodyer  was  a  scientific 
botanist,  '  second  to  none  in  his  industrie  and  searching  of 
plants,  nor  in  his  judgement  or  knowledge  of  them  '. 

Johnson  freely  availed  himself  of  the  archaeological 
knowledge  of  Goodyer,  as  in  the  case  of  the  figure  that  was 
supposed  to  be  the  oldest  drawing  of  Saxifraga,  taken  from 
an  illustrated  manuscript  of  Apuleius  Platonicus. 

In  the  case  of  the  confusion  between  Solidago  sarra- 
cenica  and  Arabis  quorundam,  Johnson  notes  '  My  very 
good  friend  Mr.  lohn  Goodyer  was  the  first,  I  thinke, 
that  observed  this  mistake  in  our  Author ;  for  which  his 
observation,  together  with  some  others  formerly  and  here- 
after to  be  remembered,  I  acknowledge  myself  beholden 


CORRECTIONS  TO  JOHNSON'S  GERARD  71 


to  him  '  {Gcr.  emac.  275).  Nor  did  Goodyer's  criticisms 
cease  when  the  '  emaculated '  Gerard  appeared.  Among 
his  notes  are  four  pages  of  suggested  emendations  to  the 
first  twenty-two  chapters  of  the  book,  which  are  character- 
istic of  the  accuracy  and  carefulness  of  his  work. 

Goodyer's  Coi^rectio?is  to  JoJinson's  Gerard's  Herbal. 

The  first  booke.    Ca.  i. 
Description  of  Comon  Meadovve  Grasse. 

p.  I,  1.  2  from  bottom.    For\\'g\\'i  read  smooth. 

p.  2.    Tymc.    I  have  seene  it  flovvringe  in  the  beginninge  of  March  A*^.  161 9. 
Names.    After  aypaxns  read,  And  this  particular  meadowe  grasse  is 
called  of  Theophrastus  noa,  as  Bauhinus  hath  it  in  his  Phytopinax, 
pag.  4. 

Nature.  Number  that  which  is  spoken  for  the  nature  amongest  the 
vertues  for  indeed  Pena  affirmeth  that  the  seed  of  hay  beinge 
beaten  forth,  many  Physicians  doe  use  for  the  stopping  of  the 
inward  parts,  beinge  druncke :  and  applied  to  the  dissolvinge  of 
hard  tumors  and  wind, 
p.  3.  Vertues.  Theis  vertues  doe  properlie  and  trewlie  belonge  to  Gra77te?i 
caninuin  pag.  22. 

D.    It  is  apparent  that  Fernelius,  li.  4,  ca.  4  de  methodo  medendi, 
meaneth  the  roots  of  Gi-amen  caninum  to  have  theis  vertues. 
Ca.  2.    Najnes.    L'obell  calls  the  first  of  theis  grasses,  Gramen  minimum 
Xerampetinum,  and  Xerampelinus  color  is  a  color  somewhat  ruddie,  and 
therefore  this  name  cannott  belonge  to  White  dwarfe  grasse. 
Ca.  3.    Names.    He  mistaketh,  for  that  which  L'obell  calleth  Agroritm  venti 
spica,  and  Grame7i  agrorum,  is  this  2  kind  called  here  called  Gramen 
harimdinaceum. 

He  mistaketh  the  2  grasse  also  for  it  is  not  L'obell  but  Tabernaemontanus 
that  calleth  it  Gramen  harundinaceum. 
The  titles  over  the  figures  I  would  amend  thus : 

1.  Gramen  pratensc  vidgatius.    Common  Meddow  Grasse. 

2.  Graineji  minus  vidgatius.  Small  Common  grasse.  For  the  description 
sheweth  it  not  to  grow  in  Meddowes. 

The  figures  are  better  in  L'obell's  Icones,  p.  i,  which  are  the  same  with 
Dodoneus  in  Latyne  of  the  laste  edition,  to  which  you  may  refer  them. 

Description.  Dodoneus  describeth  not  the  particular  Meddow  grasses  but  in 
generall  only,  therfore  you  shall  doo  well  to  examyn  the  descripcon  both  of  the 
first  and  second,  by  the  Advs.  &  the  Observ.  unlesseyou  cann  add  any  notorious 
difference  in  them  from  other  grasses,  out  of  your  own  observation. 
Ca.  4.  Both  their  descriptions  are  in  Dutch  &  in  no  Author  that  I  have,  and 
quere  for  what  grasse  the  figure  under  the  title  of  Gramen  maius  aquaticum 
must  serve. 

Ca.  5.  The  description  of  Grameti  Sorghinum  is  also  in  Duch.  Somethinge 
may  be  added  to  the  description  of  the  root  of  Calamogrostis,  if  the  worth 
of  the  grasse  deserve  it,  &  you  thinke  it  pertinent. 


72 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Ca.  6.  The  grasse  under  the  title  of  Gramen  Panniculatum^  p.  8,  seemes  to  be 
Gra7nen  amourettes  Clicszi,  p.  ccxviii.  If  it  be  so  ?  howe  came  it  to  be 
Gra7nen  tomentosiim  &^  acerostun  Lobell :  in  Ico7i,  pag.  6.  I  have  two 
editions  of  Lobell's  Icons  printed  at  severall  tymes,  the  first  mdlxxxi, 
printed  at  Anwerpe,  and  hath  but  one  table,  viz.  the  lattin,  french,  duch  all 
together ;  the  other  was  printed  at  Anwerpe  A^.  MDXCI  and  hath  severall 
tables,  everie  language  by  itself.  The  first  it  seems  was  one  WiUm.  Mounts, 
a  Physician  dwellinge  at  Mallinge  (in  what  Sheere  I  knovve  not)  who  hath 
added  to  some  herbes  certaine  noates,  and  thus  he  hath  noted  of  G7'anien 
paTiiculosufTi ,  phalarioides  Lobel,  Icoti.  p.  7,  '  Grasse  called  in  Surrey 
braunched  grasse,  in  Come :  and  in  orchards,  or  shadowie  places  usuallie 
mowen.  They  seeth  it  in  water  with  Purslaine  and  small  Reysons  for 
wormes,  in  the  somer  tyme,  and  geve  it  comonly  to  very  younge  children '. 
I  must  leave  this  Grasse  (which  Gerard  hath  confusedlie  written  ofj  to  be 
sett  dulie,  and  in  his  true  place  by  you. 

Gra77ie7i  sylvaticiwi,  I  knowe  not  where  it  is  written  of,  in  Tabermont 
I  thinke. 

Ca.  7.    Their  descriptions  are  all  in  dutch. 

Ca.  8.    The  i  is  described  I  knovve  not  where,  the  2  you  shall  find  in  the 

Obs.  p.  10,  the  eares  are  not  described. 
Ca.  9.    The  i  is  in  the  Obs.  p.  10  the  2  I  knowe  not  where,  belike  in  Tabermont. 
Ca.  10-16,  18,  19.    Their  descriptions  are  in  the  Teutonick  or  Duch. 
Ca.  16.    The  2),  the  description  saith  the  knobs  or  buttons  growe  on  both  sides 

of  the  stalk,  the  figure  hath  them  but  on  one  side,  query  whether  this  be  not 

G7-a77ie7i  7)io7ita7iu7}i  spicatii7)i  Chisii,  p.  ccxix. 
Ca.  17.    The  l)  I  can  observe  no  such  cuttinge  qualitie  in  the  edges  of  the 

leaves  of  this  grasse. —  Vertues.     Many  more  vertues  are  spoken  of  in 

Advers.  p.  468,  and  if  you  please  you  may  add  the  best  of  them. 
Ca.  21.    I  see  nothing  that  1  can  amend. 

Ca.  22.    Cyperus  TyphiTitis  I  know  not  where  to  find  the  descriptions. 

'  Venarum  spiracula  laxat  Cyperus.'  Only  Turner  hath  taken  notice  of 
theis  words  which  I  have  added.  I  take  it  the  meaninge  of  it  is  that  it 
openeth  the  small  branches  of  vena  porta,  called  mesentericae  venae.  If 
it  be  so  ?,  it  is  a  speciall  vertue  not  to  be  omitted.  [MS.  ff.  149-52 

Goodyer  also  made  several  corrections  in  the  text  of  his  copy  of  the  1633 
edition  of  the  Herbal,  e.  g.  on  p.  567  he  notes  that  the  figure  given  for  Saxifraga 
anglica7ta  alsiTtefolia  is  really  the  picture  of  Sy7ia7tchica,  and  should  be  placed 
on  p.  1120.  Also  that  the  adjoining  figure  named  S.  palitstris  is  really  an 
Arenaria.  This  mistake  explains  Johnson's  confused  account  of  Saxifraga 
anglica7ia  on  p.  568. 

His  other  additions  consist  of  a  few  medical  notes  on  the  virtues  of  certain 
herbs,  e.  g.  Tithyinalus  ciipressi7ius^  p.  499,  Elaierm77t,  p.  913,  and  Vicia  7fiaior 
sylvestris,  p.  1229. 

1634 

After  Johnson  had  sent  his  Gerard  emaciilatus  to  the 
printers,  we  are  left  with  next  to  no  published  news  of 
Goodyer's  doings  for  the  next  twenty  years.  Fortunately 


MAYFIELD 


73 


many  papers  among  his  manuscripts  help  to  bridge  the 
gap.  He  still  does  shopping  for  his  wife  (p.  381)  ;  there 
is  a  letter  of  24  June  showing  that  he  was  interested  in  the 
date  of  the  Surrey  Assizes. 

'  Mr.  Worlidge  you  were  intreated  to  wright  me  word,  when 
Surrey  Assizes  were  kept,  at  what  place  and  what  Judge  was  to 
sitt  on  the  Nisi  prius  ;  which  hetherto  you  have  not  done.  If  you 
can  be  at  Surrey  .'Assizes  &  our  triall  goe  forward  I  must  goe  to  the 
Bp.  of  Wint  ^  &  expound  his  letter  to  that  Judge,  which  will  aske 
some  time  to  doe,  &  I  must  also  goe  before  hand  to  London  to 
prepare  our  witnesses.  In  regard  whereof  I  pray  you  this  weeke 
wright  me  word  all  those  things  I  have  spoken  of,  &  if  any  other 
things  you  knowe  to  be  therein  necessarie,  And  so  I  rest 

Your  assuredly 

24  June  1634.  [MS.  f.  14 

In  August  he  was  away  in  Sussex  on  one  of  the  summer 
excursions,  which  he  generally  performed  on  horseback, 
having  previously,  as  was  his  way,  made  careful  notes  for 
the  intended  journey. 

From  London  to  Lewsam  3    fro  London  to  Croydon  7 

to  Brumley  4  to  Godstone  7 

to  Farnborowe  3  to  Lingfield  6  wch  is 

to  Rethered  5       4  miles  from  East  Grinstead. 

to  Sen  oak  rSevenoaksl  i      ,  -t). 
to  Tunbridge  8"" 
to  Ffant  [Frant]  5 

to  Mayfield  5  

to  Black  boyes  6 
to  Ringmer  4 
to  Lewis  2 

INIayfield  Carrier  John  Manser  lyeth  at  the  White  Hart  in  Southwark :  comes 

in  Thursday  out  Friday. 
Lewis  Abell  Tabrett  lodgeth  at  the  Tabott,  comes  in  Wed.,  out  Thurs. 

Wi^  Barham  of  Mallinge  halfe  a  mile  from  Lewis  but  goes  to  Borne 

10  myles  from  Lewis.    Mountaine  Neppe. 
Mr  White  of  West  Tarringe. 

IM^  Ric  Relf  of  Tenterden  4  miles  from  Rumney  mersh. 
Putt  in  the  L.T.    8  li.       lod.    4  Aug. 

[MS.  f.  62 

Goodyer  visited  Mayneld  at  the  time  of  the  greatest 


^  Walter  Curie. 


74 


JOHN  GOODYER 


prosperity  of  the  iron  industry  in  Sussex,  and  although  the 
connexion  between  iron  smelting  or  forging  and  the  county 
flora  may  not  appear  very  intimate,  yet  it  is  far  closer  than 
might  be  supposed.  In  1607  there  were,  or  had  lately 
been,  nearly  140  hammers  and  furnaces  for  iron  in  Sussex 
alone,  and  each  of  them  spent  '  in  every  twenty-four  hours 
two,  three,  or  foure  loades  of  charcoal,  which  in  a  yeare 
amounteth  to  an  infinit  quantitie '.^  About  the  year  1640 
some  1,300  cords  of  w^ood  were  being  used  at  one  works 
alone,  and  the  woodlands  were  in  danger  of  being  lost. 

Jove's  oak,  the  warlike  ash,  vein'd  elm,  the  softer  beech, 
Short  hazel,  maple  plain,  light  asp,  the  bending  wych, 
Tough  holly,  and  smooth  birch,  must  altogether  burn, 
What  should  the  builder  serve,  supplies  the  forger's  turn. 

Drayton,  Polyolbion  (16 12). 

The  botanical  results  of  the  journey  are  noted  on  the 
same  page. 

Dentaria  baccifera.  [Coral-root.    Dentaria  bidbifera  L.] 

At  Mayfield  in  a  wood  of  Mr.  Stephen  Penckhurst,  called  High- 
wood,  and  in  another  wood  of  his  called  Foxholes. 

Oxyacantha  in  Rumney  Mersh  neare  the  house  of  Mr.  John 
Snave  the  place  called  Whey  street,  flours  at  about  Xmas  1605  in 
November. 

[MS.  f.  62 

Elsewhere  he  noted  '  Dentaria  bulbifera  Lo.  687,  G.  833, 
in  Foxholes  wood  in  Mayfeilde  parish  6  Aug.  1634', 
which  fixes  the  date  of  his  tour.- 

On  9  August  at  Buttersworth  Hill  he  collected  '  Ferrum 
equinum  Germanicum  siliquis  in  summitate '  with  ripe  seed. 
{Hippocrepzs  comosa  L.)  For  the  year  1636  we  have  only 
a  List  of  '  Virginia  seeds  reed,  from  Mr.  Morrice  18  March ' 
(P-  370)5  but  in  the  case  of  this  document,  which  is  in  the 
handwriting  of  John  Parkinson,  we  cannot  be  sure  that  it 
came  into  Goodyer's  possession  at  so  early  a  date. 

^  Norden,  Surveyor's  Dialogue^  Suss.  Arch.  Coll.  ii.  192. 
^  1  have  suggested  elsewhere  that  the  little  colony  of  Coral-root  near  the 
Church  Meadow  at  Droxford  may  have  sprung  from  roots  of  his  planting. 


ST.  VINCENT'S  ROCKS 


75 


1637-40 

On  21  August  1637,  when  visiting  his  brother-in-law 
William  Yalden  at  Sheet,  he  saw  '  Batata  Hispanorum, 
or  Common  Potatoes They  were  the  Sweet  Potatoes, 
Ipomaea  Batatas,  such  as  could  be  purchased  at  the 
Exchange  in  London,  and  were  liable  to  be  killed  by  the 
first  frosts.  The  tubers  '  howsoever  they  be  dressed,  they 
comfort,  nourish,  and  strengthen  the  body,  procuring  bodily 
lust,  and  that  with  greedinesse 

Goodyer  was  acquainted  with  'Potatoes  of  Virginia', 
but  we  do  not  know  that  he  cultivated  them  himself. 

There  is  no  evidence  that  he  ever  accompanied  Johnson 
and  his  '  socii  itinerantes  '  upon  their  herborizing  excursions, 
but  he  certainly  took  the  greatest  interest  in  their  dis- 
coveries and  helped  them  with  their  reports.  He  possessed 
the  accounts  of  their  Kentish  tours  in  1629  and  1632,  and 
added  to  the  list  of  plants  in  the  former  from  his  own 
knowledge.  His  presentation  copy  of  the  Mercurius 
botanictcs  inscribed  '  28  Octob.  1634 — Ex  dono  Thomae 
Johnson',  containing  the  account  of  the  tour  in  Wales  in 
which  Stonehouse  of  Magdalen  College  also  took  part,  is 
similarly  annotated,  and  has  many  plant  names  picked  out 
by  yellow  paint  marks — a  favourite  method  of  his.  The 
Appendix  to  this  work,  a  treatise  on  the  Waters  of  Bath 
(1634),  as  well  as  the  lure  of  new  plants,  may  have  deter- 
mined him  to  visit  Bath  in  1638. 

Johnson  (Mermrius,  pars  altera  1641)  is  our  authority 
for  believing  that  Goodyer  found  a  new  Speedwell  on 
St.  Vincent's  Rocks  near  Bristol,  and  as  the  statement 
is  left  unaltered  in  Goodyer's  own  copy  of  the  book  we  may 
take  it  that  he  did  botanize  there. 

And  nothing  is  more  natural,  for  the  grand  and  precipi- 
tous cliffs  of  St.  Vincent's  Rocks  have  always  been  classic 
ground  to  the  botanist.  Their  vegetation  is  luxuriant : 
their  ledges,  crowded  with  an  abundance  of  good  plants 
in  a  small  area,  are  comparable  only  to  the  similar  floral 


76 


JOHN  GOODYER 


wealth  of  Cheddar  Gorge.  This  towering  Hmestone  mass 
and  the  adjoining  Downs,  rising  to  a  height  of  over 
300  feet,  overlook  the  tidal  Avon  in  so  picturesque  a 
fashion  that  Clifton's  river  scenery  will  ever  be  famous.^ 

And  if  they  are  a  Nature  reserve  now,  what  a  paradise 
these  rocks  must  have  been  in  the  days  of  Lobel  and 
Goodyer  when  they  were  clothed  with  '  millions '  of  ferns. 

The  father  of  English  botany,  William  Turner,  dis- 
covered Trinia  or  Honewort  here.  It  is  one  of  the 
choicest  indigenous  plants  in  England  and  of  great  local 
interest.  In  1562  he  recorded  'Petccedaimm  ...  I  found 
a  root  of  it  at  Saynt  Vincentis  rock  a  little  from  Bristow 

The  next  visitor,  L'Obel,  found  the  '  Mules  Fern '  about- 
1569.  Gerard  'spent  two  daies  upon  the  Rocks  to  seeke 
for  Meum  \  which  had  been  reported  to  him  as  growing 
there,  probably  in  mistake  for  Trinia.  In  1634  Johnson 
and  his  '  socii  itinerantes '  guided  by  John  Price,  a  jovial 
apothecary  of  Bristol,  directed  their  steps  to  the  famous 
Rocks  and  the  precipitous  cliffs  commanding  the  banks 
of  the  Avon.  It  is  no  wonder  that  Coodyer  was  drawn 
thither  also. 

And  he  was  rewarded  by  finding  a  species  new  to  the 
British  flora,  the  Welsh  Spiked  Speedwell  ( Veronica  hybrida 
L.),  which  he  called  'Veronica  recta  mas.  Lob.  Ger.,  vulgaris 
recta  Clus.'  It  is  the  same  as  the  '  Great  Speed-well  or 
Fluellin.  Found  at  Saint  Vincents  Rocke  by  Master 
Goodyer'.-  White  ^  states  that  it  is  still  abundant  on  the 
more  inaccessible  ledges  of  the  rocks,  and  occasionally 
strays  on  to  the  riverside  masonry  below.  It  is  the  most 
beautiful  of  our  native  Veronicas,  and  in  the  Avon  gorge 
often  grows  twice  as  large  as  on  the  Great  Orme's  Head  in 
North  Wales. 

He  verified  the  occurrence  of  the  Tutsan  {Hypericum 
Androsaemum  L.),  already  recorded  by  Lobel  (1570),  Lyte 
(1578),  and  Johnson  (1634),  Dropwort,  and  Trinia,  and 

^  White,  Flora,  191 2. 

2  Johnson,  Mercurms,  pais  altera^  1641.  ^  Flora,  p.  463  (1912). 


BATH 


77 


added  the  Horseshoe  Vetch  to  the  County  flora.^  His 
records  were  : 

Androsaemum  magnum,  the  Great  Saint  John's-wort  in  a  wood 
over  the  ...  St.  Vincents  rocks  nigh  Bristow. 

FiHpendula  vulgaris,  Oenanthe  Fuch.  Lob.  Dropvvort.  ^  On  St. 
Vincents  rock  30  Aug.'  (=  Spiraea  filipcndttla  L.,  previously 
noted  by  Lobel.) 

Ferrum  equinum  siliquis  in  summitate.  '  On  St.  Vincent's  Rock 
30  Aug.  T638.'   (=  Horseshoe  Vetch,  Hippocrepis  comosa  L.) 

Peucedanie  facie  pusilla  planta  Lob.  =  Selinum  montanum 
pumilum  Clus.  =  Peucedanum  pumilum,  Petroselinum  = 
Dwarfe  Rock  Parsley,  i63(S.    (=  Trinia  or  Apinella  glaiica 

0.  Kuntze.) 

Rock  Stonecrop  {Seditm  Rupestre  L.),  '  Sedum  Divi  Vincentii 
Non  Descriptum is  also  said  to  have  been  first  recorded 
by  him. 2 

The  manuscript  notes  in  Goodyer's  hand  in  the  John- 
son's Mei^cicidus^  1634,  have  unfortunately  been  cut  off 
by  some  wretched  bookbinder,  but  one  about  '  Saxifraga 
palustris  alsinefoh'a  ^  Ger,  emac!  confirms  1638  as  the  year 
of  his  visit  to  the  west  of  England.  He  found  it  '  In  the 
springs  about  Smocombe  wood  neare  Bath,  on  the  north- 
east parts  of  the  wood,  j.  Sept.  1638'.  In  modern  language 
it  is  the  White  Sandwort  {Sagina  nodosa)  that  he  had  been 
the  first  to  add  to  science  in  1626. 

Probably  at  the  same  time  he  became  acquainted  with 
the  Wood  Vetch  (Vicia  sylvatica  L.),  which  he  called  'Vicia 
Bathoniensia  vel  maxima  sylvatica'  and  found  '  In  Smoak- 
hall  Wood  by  the  Bathe,  and  at  the  Devizes  in  Wiltshire'.* 

A  list  of  the  names  of  useful  Willows  bears  date  1640. 

Salix  aquatica  lo.  o.  137  g.  1203.  I  have  scene  8  kinds  of  osyars 
thus  called  by  the  baskett  makers 

1.  gelderlander  5.  redd  willowe 

2.  goldstone  or  hornead  6.  privett 

3.  white  withe  7.  black  |     ,     .  t 

4.  yealowe  osier  8.  white  ^ 
^  Not  noted  by  White,  Flora  Bristol,  1912,  p.  256. 

^  Merrett,  p.  iii  (1666).  ^  Sagina  nodosa  Meyer. 

*  Merrett,  Pinax,  1666,  p.  125.  The  same  plant  is  mentioned  in  How, 
Pkytologia,  p.  129. 


78 


JOHN  GOODYER 


A  similar  list,  on  a  small  scrap  of  paper,  is  dated  *  i8 
Marcii  1640  of  Edw.  Greene  (?  Gawne) And  two  rather 
longer  and  later  lists  enumerate  thirteen  varieties. 


1.  White  gorerod 

2.  Black  gore  rod 

3.  Gelderlander 

4.  Yealowest  yelster 

5.  Hard  yelster — the  best 

6.  Erlie  leavinge  redd  osier    13.  Oxford  or  Dutch  golston 


8.  Gilford  redd  osier 

9.  Erlie  ta  rod  [lesser  browne  rod 

10.  Backward  ta  rod,  or  Privett, 

11.  White  osier 

12.  Horneyead  or  golston. 


or 


7.  Backward  Leavinge  redd  osier-skragged. 


[MS.  f,  16  V. 


1643-9 

The  disturbed  state  of  the  country  during  the  next  few 
years  made  peaceful  pursuits  impossible.  Hampshire  men 
were  soon  in  the  thick  of  the  Civil  War.  Lucky  were 
those  who  were  not  driven  from  their  homes  when  the 
*  wrong '  side  obtained  the  ascendancy. 

During  one  of  the  many  phases  of  the  struggle  Peters- 
field  was  garrisoned  for  King  Charles  under  the  then 
General  in  Command,  Ralph,  Lord  Hopton.  Goodyer, 
like  all  his  family,  was  a  strong  'King's  man',  and  his 
loyalty  was  acknowledged  by  a  '  Protection  Order'  which 
was  granted  him  by  Hopton.  This  document  of  great 
interest  was  accidentally  found  in  1907,  concealed  under 
a  floor-board  in  a  dwelling-room  of  Goodyer's  house  in 
the  Spain  in  Petersfield.    It  runs  as  follows  : 

To  all  Colonells  &  Lewetennt-Colonells,  Serjant-Maijors, 
Captains  &  Commanders,  Officers  &  Soldyers  of  his  Ma*^ 
^        ^  army  both  of  horse  &  foot  And  to  all  other  his  Ma*^  officers 
and  loving  Subjects  whom  these  may  concerne. 

These  are  in  his  Ma*^  name  to  will  &  command  you  &  every  and 
either  of  you  not  to  fayle  upon  all  occasions  to  defend  and  protect 
John  Goodyer  of  Petersfield  in  the  County  of  Southton  Gent  :  his 
house  horses  servants  family  goods  chattels  and  estates  of  all  sortes 
from  all  damages  disturbances  &  oppressions  whatsoevere  to  the 
uttermost  of  yo''  abillitys  And  that  you  and  every  of  you  forbeare 
to  grieve  or  molest  him  the  sayd  John  Goodyer  or  any  of  his  as 


BOTANISTS  AT  MAGDALEN 


79 


aforesayd  requiring  hereunto  yo""  due  obedience  as  you  will  answere 
the  contrary  at  yo""  uttermost  peril  1  Given  under  my  hand  &  scale 
the  9th  December,  1643 

Ralph  Hopton.^ 

Of  Goodyer's  movements  we  know  nothing  for  certain, 
but  it  is  quite  likely  that  a  State  Paper  in  the  Record  Office 
may  refer  to  him.  About  1649  Daniel  Cusick  stated 
that  John  Goodyer  was  a  malignant  and  recusant,  and  was 
constantly  resident  in  Oxford  during  the  war.  Having 
adventured  his  own  life  in  the  service  of  the  State,  and 
being  now  in  the  Lord  General's  regiment,  the  informer 
begged  his  arrears  out  of  Goodyer's  estate.^ 

If  it  be  true  that  Goodyer  was  'constantly  resident'  in 
Oxford  during  this  troubled  period,  he  would  have  found 
many  botanical  friends  with  tastes  congenial  to  his  own. 

Walter  Stonehouse,  now  no  longer  a  Fellow  of  Magdalen, 
would  not  have  been  in  residence,  but  he  may  have  joined 
his  Oxford  friends  in  1648  when  ejected  from  his  Darfield 
living.  And  there  were  other  botanists  at  Magdalen  to 
whom  the  botanical  uncle  of  Edmund  Yalden,  Fellow  until 
1642,  would  have  needed  no  further  introduction. 

The  senior  of  them,  William  Hooper,  the  arboriculturist, 
became  a  Fellow  in  1643.  He  had  been  '  outed '  from  his 
Fellowship,  but  was  allowed  a  pension  of  ^30  per  annum 
and  lived  in  one  of  the  College  houses  in  the  Gravel  Walk. 
'  After  he  had  left  the  College  he  went  without  a  gown, 
and  wore  constantly  a  very  long  coat,  like  your  frocks 
worn  by  wagoners  ;  and  applied  himself  to  gardening  with 
wonderful  success,  digging  himself  with  a  man  that  he 
constantly  hired.  He  would  carry  his  spade  upon  his 
shoulders,  and  work  hard  every  working  day.  He  would 
likewise  prune,  engraft,  and  do  other  things  of  that  kind 
himself.  He  raised  several  nurseries,  and  planted  many 
orchards  ;  but  he  did  all  for  nothing,  for  he  would  never 

^  Mabel  E.  Wotton,  Hants  and  Sussex  News,  11  April  1917. 
-  Calendar  of  Commission  for  Advancement  of  Money,  p.  11 78,  State  Papers 
Domestic^  1 649. 


8o 


JOHN  GOODYER 


take  anything  of  anybody  soever.  It  was  his  constant 
practice  to  give  away  trees,  &c. ;  but  then  he  took  care  it 
should  only  be  to  the  poor  and  such  as  were  in  want,  not 
to  others.  He  was  near  fourscore  years  of  age,  a  comely, 
neat,  proper,  upright  man,  and  beloved  and  respected  by 
all  sorts  of  people.'  He  planted  (c.  1660)  elms  in  the 
Gravel  Walk  by  Magdalen  College  ;  ^  and  elms  on  this 
site  are  well  known  all  over  the  world  as  an  essential 
feature  in  what  was  formerly  one  of  the  most  popular 
views  in  Oxford. 

In  his  old  age  he  was  one  of  the  characters  of  Oxford, 
but  when  Goodyer  might  have  known  him  he  had  just 
been  recommended  by  Charles  I  for  election  to  a  Fellow- 
ship on  the  ground  that  he  had  '  given  ample  proof  of  his 
sober  carriage,  conformableness,  and  commendable  abilities 
in  the  way  of  his  studies  '. 

Among  the  younger  men  then  up  at  Magdalen  College 
were  the  three  contemporaries  Browne,  Stonehouse,  and 
Drope.  William  Browne,  Demy  1644,  was  a  native  of 
Oxford,  who  became  '  one  of  the  best  botanists  of  his  time, 
and  had  a  chief  hand  in  the  composure  of  a  book  entitled, 
Catalog2LS  Horti  Botanici  Oxoiiieiisis\  8vo.  Oxon.  1658; 
Walter  Stonehouse,  Demy  1645,  was  the  son  of  Goodyer  s 
friend  the  Rev.  Walter  Stonehouse  of  Darfield,  whose 
garden  lists  are  preserved  among  the  Goodyer  papers ; 
and  Francis  Drope,  Demy  1645,  was  a  most  enthusiastic 
lover  of  trees  and  author  of  A  short  and  sure  Guide  in  the 
practice  of  raising  and  ordering  Fruit-trees.  8vo.  Oxford, 
1672.  And,  in  any  account  of  the  botanists  of  Magdalen 
of  this  early  period,  should  also  be  mentioned  the  unknown 
writer  of  marginal  notes  in  the  Bodleian  copy  of  Lyte's 
Herbal.    This  book  was  successively  in  the  possession  of 

^  Hearne,  Diary.  According  to  one  account  Hooper's  Elms  were  replaced 
by  others  in  1680,  but,  be  that  as  it  may,  the  Gravel  Walk  elms,  after  forming 
for  more  than  two  hundred  years  an  incomparably  beautiful  setting  to  the  grey 
stone  architecture  of  the  Great  Tower  of  Magdalen,  were  wantonly  felled  before 
their  time  in  1916,  when  many  who  would  have  advocated  their  retention  were 
away  at  the  War. 


CIVIL  WAR 


8i 


a  Thomas  Gill  and  of  a  John  Herbert,  1619.  The  writer 
of  the  notes  was  almost  certainly  a  Magdalen  man  who 
had  studied  at  Padua. 

At  this  time  Goodyer  may  have  made  the  acquaintance 
of  Dr.  Philip  Stephens,  Principal  of  Magdalen  Hall  and 
collaborator  with  Browne,  and  of  William  How  who  came 
up  as  a  Commoner  to  St.  John's  College  in  1637,  and  took 
his  Master's  degree  in  1645. 

Goodyer's  other  friend  Dr.  Merrett,  the  author  of  the 
Pinax  rerum  Naturalium  Britanniatm,  had  been  a  student 
both  of  Gloucester  Hall  (1631)  and  of  Oriel  College 
(1633-4).  He  was  created  a  Doctor  of  Physic  in  1642, 
and  afterwards  became  one  of  the  original  Fellows  of  the 
Royal  Society.  At  New  College  was  William  Cole,  the 
future  author  of  Adam  in  Eden ;  and  Jacob  Bobart  was 
gradually  forming  the  first  University  collection  of  plants 
in  the  new  Physic  Garden,  the  catalogue  of  which  he 
published  in  1648. 

And  yet  Oxford  was  in  the  very  midst  of  troubles. 
At  the  end  of  1642  the  Royalists  gathered  round  the  King 
at  Oxford,  students  and  citizens  alike  worked  together  on 
the  fortifications  and  barricades  :  the  College  plate  was 
being  surrendered  to  the  minters  :  fighting  in  the  neighbour- 
hood was  incessant.  Goodyer's  friend,  Thomas  Johnson, 
appears  to  have  been  in  Oxford  on  9  May  1643  to  receive 
the  D.Ph.  degree,  but  he  must  have  left  soon  afterwards, 
for  he  is  heard  of  as  a  Colonel  of  Horse  and  one  of 
the  defenders  of  Basing  House,  which  was  being  strongl)^ 
fortified  by  the  Marquis  of  Winchester.  And  it  was  there 
that  he  met  his  death  in  September  1644,  fighting  for  the 
King.  The  Royalists  were  defeated  at  Alton  and  Cheriton. 
Winchester  was  taken  by  Cromwell  in  October  1645,  and 
the  King  became  a  fugitive.  What  followed  is  matter  of 
history.  On  Midsummer  Day,  24  June  1646,  the  Royalist 
garrison  of  Oxford,  3,000  strong,  '  marched  out  of  the  town 
through  a  guard  of  the  enemy  extending  from  St.  Clement's 
to  Shotover  Hill'. 

G 


82 


JOHN  GOODYER 


In  1648-9  the  Parliamentarian  Visitors,  after  many 
delays,  expelled  all  from  the  University  who  did  not 
submit  to  their  visitation,  including  young  Stonehouse  and 
Drope.  The  latter  answered  '  I  cannot  submit  for  fear  of 
perjury '. 

1651 

After  the  Civil  War  Goodyer  was  unquestionably  the 
best  botanist  in  England.  Parkinson  had  died  in  1650; 
and,  until  Morison  returned  in  1660  and  Ray  had  reached 
his  full  development,  there  was  no  one  to  approach  him 
in  knowledge  of  our  native  plants  or  of  the  whole  range  of 
botanical  literature. 

The  high  reputation  that  he  had  acquired  naturally 
brought  him  visitors  and  correspondence.  Elias  Ashmole, 
the  antiquary,  had  not  long  '  entred  upon  the  Study  of 
Plants'.  A  note  in  his  diary  is  to  the  effect  that  6  June 
1648  'about  three  of  the  clock  was  the  first  time  I  went 
a  Simpling.  Dr.  Canter  of  Reading  and  Mr.  Watlington^ 
an  apothecary  there,  accompanying  me '.  And  on  *  19  Oct. 
165 1  my  Father,  Backhouse,^  and  I  went  to  see  Mr. 
Goodier,  the  great  botanist,  at  Petersfield '.  Unfortunately 
we  have  no  further  account  of  the  visit,  but  possibly 
Ashmole's  recent  experiences  of  the  virtues  of  Bryony  may 
have  formed  part  of  the  conversation.  He  had  fallen  ill  of 
a  surfeit  occasioned  by  drinking  water  after  venison  at  the 
Astrologer  s  Feast  in  London.  '  I  was  he  wrote,  '  greatly 
oppressed  in  my  stomach  ;  and  next  day  Mr.  Saunders  the 
astrologian,  sent  me  a  piece  of  bryony  root  to  hold  in  my 
hand,  and  within  a  quarter  of  an  hour  my  stomach  was 
freed  of  that  great  oppression,  which  nothing  which  I  took 
from  Dr.  Wharton  could  do  before.'  It  is  characteristic 
of  the  writings  of  Goodyer  that  no  hint  of  this  kind  of 
quackery  appears.     He  was  evidently  able  to  put  Ashmole 

^  John  Watlington,  buried  2  October  1659. 

2  Mr.  William  Backhouse,  astrologer  of  Swallowfield  in  Berkshire,  had  com- 
municated so  many  secrets  to  Ashmole  that  he  caused  his  pupil  to  call  him 
'  Father'  (Ashmole,  Diary,  3  April  1651). 


ASHMOLE'S  VISIT 


83 


on  sounder  lines  of  thought ;  for  after  this  visit  Ashmole 
'  took  a  journey  into  the  Peake,  in  search  of  plants  and 
other  curiosities  " ;  and  as  there  is  no  entry  between  the  1 5th 
and  the  29th  of  October  of  this  year  in  the  notebook,^  in 
which  he  usually  cast  his  horoscopes,  we  may  assume  that 
he  was  not  encouraged  to  foretell  Goodyer's  future  by  the 
stars. 

1652-6 

The  books  printed  in  Oxford  during  the  next  few  years 
bear  witness  to  the  pleasure  and  profit  that  many  were 
deriving  from  their  gardens.  And  in  illustration  we  may 
cite  the  works  of  Ralph  Austen  on  Fruit  Trees,  various 
editions  of  which  were  published  in  Oxford  in  1653,  1657, 
1658,  and  1665,  of  John  Beale  whose  Treatise  on  Frin^ 
Trees  shewing  their  ma7iner  of  Grafting,  Priming,  and 
Ordering,  of  Cyder  and  Perry,  of  Vineyards  in  E7ig- 
land,  &c.,  appeared  in  Oxford  in  1653,  and  of  Robert  Shar- 
rock,  Fellow  of  New  College,^  whose  History  of  the  Pro- 
pagation and  Improvement  of  Vegetables,  by  the  Co7icurrence 
of  Art  and  Nature,  8vo.  Oxford,  1660.  These  works 
show  the  natural  tendency  of  the  time,  a  utilitarian 
tendency  that  our  recent  experiences  towards  the  end  of 
the  Great  War  will  teach  us  to  connect  with  the  troubles 
of  the  forties  of  the  seventeenth  century. 

During  the  last  ten  years  of  his  life  Goodyer's  occupations 
appear  to  become  more  and  more  sedentary,  When  a  man 
is  over  sixty  years  of  age,  he  must  perforce  leave  the 
searching  for  new  plants  to  the  young  and  active.  John 
Goodyer  now  devoted  himself  to  his  books.  The  dated 
entries  in  the  covers  of  his  volumes  show  that  he  kept  in 
the  closest  touch  with  the  London  booksellers ;  indeed,  in 
some  cases  he  appears  to  have  secured  a  work  in  advance 
of  the  day  of  publication.    Some  of  his  books  he  pro- 

^  MS.  Ashmole,  374,  which  contains  the  horoscope  of  John  Tradescant,  the 
younger. 

^  Sharrock  gave  several  medical  books,  with  his  autograph,  to  New  College 
Library.  They  are  still,  we  are  glad  to.  think,  on  the  shelves :  among  others 
a  copy  of  Lower,  de  Cofde. 

G  2 


84 


JOHN  GOODYER 


cured  through  Dr.  How,  some  through  Dr.  Dale,  and  they 
came  down  to  Petersfield  by  carrier,  or  in  the  trunk  of 
Mrs.  Heath,  presumably  the  wife  of  his  friend  and  neigh- 
bour the  Rev.  John  Heath. 

He  was  now  closely  associated  with  a  botanist  in  the 
work  of  preparing  a  list  and  a  synonymy  of  all  known 
British  plants,  incorporating  and  extending  the  lists  drawn 
on  by  How.  The  greater  part  of  the  labour  of  this  work 
fell  on  a  collaborator  who  had  access  to  Goodyer  s  books 
and  made  notes  in  them  :  his  name  is  not  known  to  us  for 
certain,  but  we  have  his  manuscript.  The  evidence  all 
tends  to  identify  him  with  the  Dr.  Dale  just  mentioned, 
but  the  matter  will  be  again  discussed  below,  p.  295. 

This  last  period  of  his  life  is  also  marked  by  a  literary 
labour  that  remains  a  record  which  to  this  day  has  never 
been  broken.  It  was  the  writing  out  of  the  Greek  text 
of  the  Materia  Medica  of  Dioscorides,  and  the  rendering 
it  into  English.  Goodyer  therefore  accomplished  in  the 
case  of  Dioscorides  a  work  which  not  one  of  the  tens 
of  thousands  of  Greek  scholars  who  have  lived  before 
or  during  the  past  three  centuries  have  been  known  to 
have  attempted,  a  worthy  sequel  to  his  translation  of 
Theophrastus. 

And  neither  Theophrastus  nor  Dioscorides  can  be  con- 
sidered as  of  no  import.  Of  Matthiolus'  Commentaries 
on  Dioscorides  alone  thirty-two  thousand  copies  were  sold 
before  1561,  and  it  passed  through  seventeen  editions. 
His  works  have  been  translated  into  almost  every  civilized 
language,  except  English,  and  there  is  no  separate  article 
on  Dioscorides  in  our  national  Encyclopaedia. 

The  interlinear  translation  of  Dioscorides  fills  six  quarto 
volumes  of  4,540  pages  in  all.  It  is  most  clearly  written, 
the  Greek  text  being  easier  to  read  in  Goodyer's  manu- 
script than  in  the  1499  edition,  printed  at  the  Aldine  Press 
at  Venice,  Goodyer's  copy  of  which  has  now  been  restored 
to  its  proper  place  among  his  books  in  the  Magdalen 
Library. 


xoyt 


■J  / 


4^  tl(2     :fc^  A^^^  t/J,>«os^.^iyjft^'«, 


if 

47= 


lei*  v^^^a;^  ^-^ 


I 


GOODYKR'S   INTERLINEAR   TRANSLATION   OF  DIOSCORIDES 


TRANSLATION  OF  DIOSCORIDES  85 


Every  page  bears  evidence  to  his  neat  and  methodical 
habits.  At  the  beginning  and  end  of  every  volume  he 
wrote  the  dates  of  the  beginning  and  end  of  his  labours, 
and  also  of  the  time  that  was  spent  on  reading  over  and 
revision.  The  entries  are  of  interest  because  they  show 
the  speed  with  which  the  work  was  accomplished. 

Greek. 
29  Aug.    1655  ho.  2.  p. 


Vol. 


10  a. 


Pages.  English. 

I.    1-728  27  Apr.    1652  h. 

^I-    733~  28  Marcii  1653  13  Nov.  1655 

1470  18  Aug.    1653  18  Jan.  1655 

III.  1471-  18  Aug.    1653  21  Jan.     1655  Exam. 
2070  3  Martii  1653  i  Feb.    1655  Exam. 

IV.  2071-  3  Marcii  1653  4  Feb.    1655  Exam. 
2658  20  Junii    1654  14  Feb.    1655  Exam. 

V.    2659-  20  Junii    1654  15  Feb.    1655  Exam. 

3174  31  Aug.    1654  21  Feb.    1655  Exam. 

VI.    3497-       2  Nov.    1654  4  Marcii  1655  Exam. 

4540  29  Aug.   1655  17  Marcii  1655  Exam. 

Other  entries  show  that  he  paid  an  assistant,  probably 

as  a  reader : 

Vol.  II.    '  Receaved  of  Mr.  John  Goodyeere,  upon 

this  28  of  March  1653  •        •  20^ 

And  18  of  Januarie  1655  .  .158' 

IV.    '  3  March  1653     .       .  £200 

20  Junij  1654      .        .  £0100' 

V.    '  20  Junij  1654      .       .  £100 

4  Sept.  1654     .       .  £0100' 

VI.    '  10  Martii  1654  paid     .  .       .  20^ 

29  Aug.  1655  paid      .  .        .    20S ' 

In  Vol.  V  there  is  an  entry  for  '  3^  binedinge'  on 
14  September  1654,  and  in  the  last  volume  is  written : 

.  '  22  Sept.  1655  cariage  upp  and  doone 
the  bindinge  ' 

A  few  notes  on  a  duplicate  page  (p.  2071,  MS.  f.  17)  of 
the  fourth  volume,  written  on  3  March  1653,  show  that 
he  was  acquainted  with  at  least  eighteen  editions  of 
Dioscorides  dated  '  1499  gr.,  1500  gr.,  1506  gr.,  15 12  padua- 
nensis,  1518  gr.,  1529  gr.,  1529  Herm.  Barb.,  1549  Gualt. 
Riffe,  1549  gr.-lat.,  1552  Ruellius,  1552  Lacuna,  1554  lat. 
Mat,  1557  Jan  Cornarius,  1558  Amatus  Lusitanus,  1566 
french,  1581  Alphabeticum  Empyricum,  1591  Antonini 
Pasini,  1598  gr.-lat.  Saracen.'    There  is  also  a  note  that 


86 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Theodorus  Gaza  translated  Theophrastus  from  Greek  into 
Latin  and  dedicated  it  to  Pope  Nicolas :  a  calculation 
shows  that  Nicolas  was  pope  from  1447  to  1455  ^^^^ 
that  Gaza  died  in  1478.  But  of  still  greater  interest  are 
the  words : 

Lodvves  iad    Johes  iaO    1  obolon 

which  evidently  refer  to  Goodyer  s  coadjutor  John  Heath, 
who  will  be  mentioned  again  presently,  and  to  whom  we 
believe  that  the  payments  just  recorded  were  made. 

Had  Goodyer  wished  for  a  Preface  to  his  translation 
he  might  well  have  used  the  words  of  his  senior,  Henry 
Lyte  : 

*  If  perchaunce  any  list  to  picke  a  quarrell  to  my  translation,  as 
not  being  either  proper  or  not  ful,  if  I  may  obteine  of  him  to  beare 
with  me  til  he  himselfe  shall  have  set  foorthe  a  better  .  .  .  and  in  the 
meane  while  (considering  that  it  is  easier  to  reprehend  a  mans  doing 
than  to  amend  it)  use  me  as  a  whetstone  to  further  himselfe  withal, 
I  will  not  much  strive  :  for  I  seeke  not  after  vayne  glorie,  but  rather 
how  to  benefite  and  profite  my  countrie.' 

In  March  he  continued  his  studies  in  the  botany  of  the 
ancients  by  translating,  doubtless  with  the  help  of  John 
Heath,  the  work  of  one  of  the  principal  commentators 
on  Dioscorides,  the  Scholia  or  A^iimadversions  upon  the 
5  Bookes  of  Dioscorides  of  Physicall  matter  and  tipon  his 
two  Bookes  of  Poisons,  of  Antonius  Saracenus  of  Lyons, 
*  In  which  y^  severall  readings  of  divers  Bookes  are  exa- 
mined, y^  different  opinions  of  y^  old  or  new  propounded, 
and  some  tymes  reconciled,  and  y^  most  corrupt,  obscure, 
and  difficult  places  of  y^  Author  himself,  restored,  illus- 
trated, and  unfolded 

Goodyer,  with  his  usual  punctiliousness,  noted  that  the 
translation  was  begun  on  20  March  1655  at  11  a.m. 

Saracen's  dedication  is  *  To  Henry  y^  4th  y^  most 
Christian  King  of  France  and  Navarre '  and  is  dated  *  y^ 
Calends  of  March  1 598  '.  This  is  followed  by  the  Intro- 
duction, which  is  worth  quoting  as  an  example  of  the 
literary  style  of  the  time. 


SARACEN 


87 


To  the  Gentle  Reader 
Salutatioti. 

Thou  willt  wonder,  it  may  be  (Gentle  Reader)  how  it  should 
come  into  my  minde,  y'  I  should  sett  about  a  new  interpretation 
of  Dioscorides,  especially  since  y^  soe  many  famous  men,  renowned 
for  Eloquence,  learning  and  iudgement,  as  Hermol.  Barbarus,  Marc. 
Virgilius,  Janus  Cornarius,  &  Jo.  Ruellius,  have  long  since  with 
great  contention  &  aemulation  taken  abundant  if  not  overabundant 
paines  in  translating  him,  &  have  donne  well  herein  to  their  great 
commendations.  But  you  will  then  leave  off  to  wonder,  when  you 
shall  have  understood  by  what  reasons  I  was  induced,  or  drawen 
heereunto.  Dr.  Jo.  Sambucus  of  godly  memorie  the  Emperours 
Physition  &  Historiographer  had  formerly  often  importuned  by 
letters  Henry  Steevens,  Printer,  a  man  most  skillful  of  y^  twoe 
tongues  both  Greek  and  Latin,  to  sett  out  in  print  y""  Greek  & 
Latin  text  of  Dioscorides  with  y^  most  elegant  letters  of  y^  King's 
stampe,  &  y'  hee  should  add  to  y^  Margent  thereof  his  notes,  sent 
over  a  little  before,  or  rather  y^  divers  readings  upon  y^  Author, 
gathered  by  him  with  great  labour,  by  a  faithfull  &  diligent  com- 
paring of  divers  antient  bookes  found  in  y^  severall  Libraries  of 
Princes.  But  while  Steevens  did  prepare  himself  to  goe  about 
this  worck,  hee  was  minded  to  place  Ruellius  his  Translation 
(which  hee  did,  and  not  without  cause,  prefur  before  the  rest)  right 
over  against  the  Greek  text,  but  hee  found  it  to  be,  as  indeed  it  is, 
a  little  too  free  in  many  places,  that  y^  Latin  did  not  sufficiently 
aunsere  to  the  Greeke :  therefore  for  y®  acquaintance  sake  y^  did 
passe  between  him  &  mee,  hee  did  intreat  you  &  overintreate  mee, 
y^  I  would  take  a  diligent  review  of  it,  &  sett  downe  in  the  margent 
y^  correction  of  all  y^  places  in  which  Ruellius,  either  following 
some  corrupted  copie,  or  else  by  his  beeing  too  much  addicted  to 
Plinie,  as  for  y^  most  part  hee  is,  did  not  sufficiently  expresse  y® 
sence  of  Dioscorides,  nor  y^  force  of  his  wordes.  But  I  had  scarce 
compared  a  few  of  the  first  leaves,  when  being  as  it  were  deterred 
with  y^  difficultie  of  soe  most  grievous  a  burthen,  I  was  compelled 
to  decline  from  my  first  resolution,  &  to  change  my  minde.  For 
I  mett  forther  (under  favour  be  it  spoken)  with  soe  m.any  places 
worthy  of  censure,  &  animadversion,  y^  partly  to  avoide  y^  hatefull 
labour,  &  partly  to  avoide  y^  envie,  81  offence  of  them,  which  might 
have  suspected  mee  to  be  too  injurious  against  Ruellius  his  ghost, 
I  thought  it  better  to  sett  out  a  new  translation,  then  to  correct  an 
others.    In  which  I  may  truely  say,  y^  I  have  performed  y^  part, 


88 


JOHN  GOODYER 


not  of  a  Paraphrast,  but  an  Interpreter,  as  whoe,  as  much  as  lay  in 
mee,  have  not  departed  a  nailes  breadth  from  Dioscorides  his  mean- 
ing, and  yet  withall  have  stuck  close  to  y^  puritie  of  Plinie's  style. 
But  I  had  rather  they  should  judge  of  this,  which  shall  faithfully 
compare  mine  with  their  translations.  Howsoever  it  be,  I  had 
allmost  made  an  end  of  y^  worck,  when  behold  Sambucus  an 
earnest  prosecutor  heereof  was  taken  away  from  us  by  untimely 
death.  Then  Steevens  began  to  be,  as  it  were,  faint  hearted  in  y^ 
businesse,  yea  &  although  many  others  were  urgent  upon  y^ 
worck,  to  knit  many  delaies,  and  to  put  it  off  from  day  to  day, 
either  by  his  due  employments,  whereby  he  was  some  tymes 
diversly  distracted  or  for  y®  travellings,  which  befell  him  often  in 
y^  meane  space,  &  were  allmost  continuall  soe  y'  he  could  not 
performe  his  promise  nor  be  as  good  as  his  word.  And  soe  it  came 
to  passe  that  these  my  Elucubrations  upon  Dioscorides  lay  con- 
cealed in  my  desk  for  many  yeares.  This  then,  when  y^  heyres 
of  Andrew  Wecher  did  understand,  being  most  studious  of  helping 
on  learning  &  did  withall  desire  to  satisfie  y^  wishes  &  expectations 
of  some  good  men,  at  last  they  obtained  this  of  mee  y^  I  should 
suffer  them  to  be  brought  out  into  y*"  sight  &  view  of  men.  These 
are  (y^  I  may  once  say  it)  y^  causes  of  this  worcke  intended,  &  also 
of  the  suppressing  of  it  soe  long  unto  this  tyme. 

As  concerning  y^  Greek  text,  wee  have  laboured,  y'  as  farre  as 
might  be,  it  should  be  restored  to  its  old  splendor.  For  although 
wee  have  relligiously  followed  y^  Parisian  edition  of  y^  most  learned 
Goupylus,  as  y^  most  sound,  &  best  amended  of  any  that  are 
extant,  yet  wee  have,  as  much  as  might  be,  taken  away  y^  faults 
of  y^  print,  which  were  yet  remaining.  But  what  passages,  both 
y^  matter  it  self,  &  y^  certaine  faith  &  authoritie  of  y^  Copies, 
whether  printed,  or  manuscript,  did  persuade  to  be  changed,  those 
wee  have  boldly  changed.  Yet  wee  have  noe  where  yielded  soe 
much  to  our  owne  or  others  conjectures,  that  wee  have  dared  to  doe 
anything  without  y^  Creditt  of  y^  better  bookes,  being  contented 
only  to  note  them  with  an  interlineary  Asterisck,  which  should 
direct  thee  y^  Reader  to  our  Notes.  But  if,  which  yet  falls  out 
but  seldome,  wee  found  some  places,  soe  corrupted  &  depraved,  y^ 
there  could  noe  sence  be  made  of  them,  and  yet  there  was  no  place 
for  any  Remedie  either  out  of  conjecture,  or  out  of  y^  footsteps  of 
antient  readings,  there  wee  have  marcked  y^  margent  with  an 
Asterisck.  But  y^  divers  readings,  both  of  the  most  renowned  man 
Dr.  Sambucus,  as  also  of  others  drawne  out  here  &  there  upon 
Dioscorides.    For  both  y^  same  Dr.  Steevens  communicated  some 


JOHN  HEATH 


89 


unto  us,  &  D.  Opsopoeus  some  by  comparing  of  Palatine  copies, 
these,  I  say,  and  y^  without  choice,  I  have  thought  fitt  to  set  upon 
y^  margent,  y^  it  might  be  free  for  every  man  to  judge  of  them, 
and  withall  some  Animadversions  &  Corrections  of  Interpreters, 
adding  still  y^  names  of  everie  one  out  of  whom  wee  tooke  them,  y^ 
wee  might  not  seem  to  defraud  any  one  of  his  desert.  But  wee 
have  placed  our  own  notes  at  y^  end  of  y^'  worck,  in  which  for  the 
most  part,  there  is  a  reason  given  of  our  different  interpretation 
from  others,  as  also  there  are  sett  downe  our  divers  conjectures 
upon  Dioscorides.  And  also  you  may  finde  many  thinges  inci- 
dently,  as  it  were  by  y^  way,  noted  upon  divers  Authors,  but 
especially  upon  Theophrastus  &  Plinie,  as  they  came  under  mine 
hand. 

Finally  wee  doe  propose,  velut,  e7rt/i/eVp^,  i.  by  way  of 
Additament,  the  severall,  &  discrepant  opinions,  whether  of  y^  old 
or  new  writers  concerning  Medicinall  Matter,  &  some  tymes  wee 
reconcile  them,  &  besides,  wee  endeavour  to  resolve  &  cleare  many 
doubts  which  wee  met  with  everie  where.  But  yet  I  would  have 
you  to  understand,  y*^  I  did  chiefly  cavell  heereat  with  all  my 
labour,  y*  I  might  restore,  illustrate,  &  explaine  y^  most  corrupted, 
obscure,  &  difficult  places  of  Dioscorides  himself.  And  soe  you 
have  been  given  to  understand  (Gentle  Reader)  what  thinges  have 
been  performed  by  us  in  this  Edition,  out  of  which  if  I  shall  percieve, 
y'  you  have  got  any  fruit,  it  will  encourage  mee  peradventure  to 
divulge  other  more  great  &  more  profitable  matters. 
In  the  meane  space,  Farewell. 

[Goodyer  MS.  6*,  ff.  5-8 
The  text  of  the  work  is  written  out  on  pp.  13-292  of  the 
MS.,  which  ends  abruptly  with  Book  4,  chap.  61,  the  last 
line  being  dated  '2  Octob.  1656',  and  then  follows  an 
ominous  note,  which  evidently  refers  to  his  collaborator. 
'Johannes  Heath  Clericus  obijt  25*°  die  Novembris  1656.' 
This  must  have  been  Goodyer  s  neighbour,  the  Rev. 
John  Heath,  who  was  presented  by  the  Earl  of  Worcester 
to  the  rectory  of  Clanfield,^  in  or  soon  after  161 7.  He 
may  have  been  the  John  Heath  who  came  up  to  Christ 
Church  as   a  Westminster  Student   in   1607,   and  who 
matriculated  in  16 10  aged  19.^ 

^  Clanfield  is  about  three  miles  south-west  of  Buriton,  and  six  from  Petersfield. 
^  Foster,  Alu7)ini  Oxoti. 


90 


JOHN  GOODYER 


In  1654  we  have  evidence  of  the  return  of  Goodyer  to 
his  old  love,  field  botany.    There  is  the  short  note 

*  Behen  album  .  .  .  Rotherwort  5  Maij  1654'. 

And  there  is  an  interesting  description  of  a  station  where 
*  Dryopteris  Tragi'  used  to  be  found.^ 

*  It  growes  on  a  bottome  called  Rogers  Deane  in  y^  parish  of 
Faringdon  in  Hampshire^  about  a  mile  and  halfe  from  y^  church, 
a  furlong  from  one  John  Trybes  dwelling-house  on  y^  north-east 
part  of  y^  house  about  2  miles  from  Alton  above  a  mile  north-east 
from  Dogford  Wood.  Great  antient  beeches  kept  y^  sunne  from 
shining  on  y*^  Plants.  Anno  1654  many  of  those  trees*  were  cut 
downe.  The  Plants  y^  sunne  shoane  on  y^  summer  54  were  short 
y^  leaves  growing  on  short  stemms  neere  y^  earth,  as  Tabernae- 
mont  pictureth  it.,  pag.  501,  tom.  2,  under  y^  title  oi  Filicula  petraea 
fern.  3.  Those  y*  grew  under  y^  trees  were  much  higher  agreable 
to  Tragus'  figure  pag.  538.' 

In  the  beginning  of  August  1654  he  recorded  a  new 
Crane's  bill  (Geranmm  cohimdimcm)  in  his  native  county.^ 
The  Rubia  sylvestris  described  by  him  on  12  August 
1655,      it  Wild  Madder  (R.  peregrina  L.),  is  of 

historical  interest  because  of  its  having  been  one  of  the 
first  Hampshire  plants  to  be  recorded  by  our  first  botanist. 
William  Turner,  more  than  a  century  previously,  wrote  of 
it,  '  The  most  that  ever  I  saw  is  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  but  the 
fairest  and  greatest  that  ever  I  saw  groweth  in  the  lane 
besyde  Wynchester,  in  the  way  to  Southampton '.  It  is 
now  very  rare  on  the  mainland,  but  that  is  where  Goodyer 
may  have  found  it. 

His  botanical  labours  in  the  field  were  almost  done.  We 
only  note  two  occasions  in  the  last  ten  years  of  his  life  on 
which  he  may  possibly  have  left  home  and  herborized. 

Again,  the  summer  of  1656  he  found  the  Marsh 
Isnardia  (Liidwigia  apetala  Walter),  '  Holosteum  perpusil- 
lum which  he  had  previously  observed  near  Holburie 

^  In  Goodyer  MS.  9,  under  Pin.  358,  there  is  a  note  'Dryopteris  Tragi, 
17  Aug.  1650,  J.  G.  first  saw  it'. 

^  Morison,  in  ignorance  of  Goodyer's  discovery,  attributed  this  species  to 
Jacob  Bobart  in  1680.  The  plant  should  be  called  Goodyer' s  long  cut  Crane's 
bill  rather  than  '  Bobarts  long  cut  Crane's  bill '. 


A  NEW  BRITISH  FLORA 


91 


in  the  New  Forest,  growing  in  a  little  lake  in  the  east 
part  of  a  heath  near  Petersfield,  '  The  water  of  this  lake 
this  2  of  June  1656  about  4  of  clocke  in  afternoone 
was  well  neere  as  warme  as  y^  Bath-water  at  Bath  in 
Summersetshire  although  y®  day  was  cloudy*.  '  In  a  hott 
summer  some  parts  of  y^  lake  are  drie  in  August,  some- 
times before,  and  then  the  plant,  which  had  been  green,  all 
the  winter  under  water,  flowered Immediately  recognizing 
the  novelty  of  the  plant,  he  described  it  as  '  Anonymos 
aquatica  rubida,  foliis  Anagallidis  flore  luteo 

1657-9 

In  June  1657  he  described  what  appears  to  be  our 
Smooth  Tare  [Vicia  tetraspermd)^  but  as  no  locality  is 
stated,  we  cannot  claim  his  note  as  being  the  first  evidence 
for  the  occurrence  of  this  plant  in  Hampshire. 

The  following  information  on  a  scrap  of  paper  was  sent 
him  by  an  acquaintance  : 

5°  March  1657 

At  Judge  Rumseys  3  miles  from  Abergevenny  croweth  the  Sweet 
Willowe,  as  I  remember  the  plant  I  saw,  was  called 

Robert  Baskett. 
To  this  a  note  is  added  in  Goodyer's  hand : 
9°  Apr.  1658 — Judge  Rumsey  lives  in  Glamorganshire  by  the  rela- 
tion of  Gryffin  Morgan  of  Malmesbury,  a  glasse  carrier.  [MS.  f.  147 

But  though  able  to  move  about  in  his  own  county,  where 
he  found  the  alien  Xanthium  Strumarium  in  1659  (his  last 
recorded  find),  we  imagine  that  he  now  felt  himself  too  old 
to  herborize  in  Wales. 

But  the  record  would  have  been  valued  by  him  as  an 
addition  to"  the  last  work  on  which  he  is  known  to  have 
been  engaged,  the  compilation  of  a  new  British  Flora. 
How's  Phytologia  Britannica,  published  in  1650,  was  very 
imperfect,  as  any  first  attempt  at  so  comprehensive  a  work 
is  bound  to  be,  and  no  one  would  have  been  in  a  better 
position  to  recognize  its  many  errors  and  deficiencies  than 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Goodyer,  nor  more  ready  to  remedy  them.  Our  informa- 
tion comes  through  Edward  Morgan,  the  '  very  skilful 
botanist'  of  Westminster,  who  was  in  close  touch  with 
what  was  going  on  in  the  botanical  world.  He  told  John 
Ward  in  1662  that  Dr.  Dale,  Dr.  Merrett,  and  Mr.  Goodyer, 
'  next  Dr.  Modesy,  the  best  botanists  of  their  age  in 
London,  were  about  a  new  phytologia  3  or  4  years  agoe 
but  that  '  Dr.  Modeseye's  coming  to  towne,  itt's  thought, 
hindered  itt '.  Elsewhere  Ward  ^  also  noted  that  '  Dr.  Dale 
and  another  had  a  designe  to  amend  y^  phytologia 
Brittanica  to  adde  somewhat  and  take  out  somewhat 
This  contemporary  account  is  of  the  greatest  interest  to 
us,  because  it  explains  the  presence  of  certain  excellent 
catalogues  of  British  plants  among  the  Goodyer  manu- 
scripts (Goodyer  MS.  8,  9,  see  p.  296),  and  it  also  explains 
why  they  were  never  printed.  I  have  not  as  yet  found 
any  clue  to  the  handwriting,  but  I  strongly  suspect  it  to  be 
that  of  Doctor  John  Dale,  and  the  'another'  to  have  been 
Goodyer  himself  The  case  will  be  again  considered  in 
our  note  on  Dr.  Dale,  and  in  the  light  of  his  Will  which 
I  have  recently  discovered  at  Somerset  House. 

The  30  April  1659  must  have  been  a  red-letter 
day,  for  he  then  received  the  interleaved  and  annotated 
copy  of  the  Phytologia  to  which  reference  has  so  often 
been  made,  and  possibly  with  it  the  Lobel  manuscripts 
which  are  described  in  a  later  chapter.  Their  late  owner 
and  part  editor.  Dr.  How,  died  30  August  1656. 

The  greater  number  of  manuscript  notes  in  the  Phyto- 
logia are  in  How's  handwriting:  they  include  information 
received  from  William  Browne  of  Magdalen  College  and 
from  John  Goodyer,  obviously  between  1650  and  1656. 
Goodyer  after  acquiring  the  volume  wrote  in  it  the  notes 
on  seven  plants,  printed  on  p.  194,  including  his  last 
dated  record  of  a  plant,  the  Common  Ragwort  (Senecio 
Jacobaea  L.)  from  Ladle  Hill  (1659). 

^  Ward  also  noted  that  '  Mr.  Goodyer  is  good  at  Insects  as  well  as 
plants.' 


PRACTICE  AS  A  PHYSICIAN 


93 


1662-4 

The  last  specimen  of  his  handwriting,  which  we  have, 
was  written  when  he  was  seventy  years  of  age.  His  hand 
was  evidently  very  shaky.  It  is  a  receipt  for  a  Resin 
ointment  similar  to  that  in  use  until  recently  in  the  British 
Pharmacopoeia. 
20  Mar.  1662 

Rosen  that  is  blackish 
Fresh  lard  a  wallnutt 
Crowne  sope  a  wallnutt 

Boil  till  it  sets  clere  (?)  H  .  .  and  keepe  stirringe. 

[MS.  f.  16 

Then  follows,  in  a  steadier  hand,  ^  Mar.  22.  John  Neale 
in  Lippock,  the  howse  is  called  Gurmes,  hadd  a  third 
Ague,  and  hath  lost  him  about  a  moneth,  and  now  hath 
a  great  cough  '. 

Another  note  on  the  same  paper  is  ominous  : 

Goute 

'  The  Line  of  Selborne  •  Scurvie 

Dropsie.' 

These  notes  supply  the  clue  to  the  occupation  of  his 
declining  years.  He  was  evidently  applying  his  great 
knowledge  of  simples  to  the  good  of  ailing  neighbours. 
The  latest  medical  works  were  sent  him,  as  soon  as  they 
were  printed,  by  his  London  bookseller,  who  evidently  had 
a  standing  order  to  secure  the  sheets  direct  from  the  press. 
Thus  he  acquired  Culpeper's  English  Physician,  Pemel 
on  Simples  and  on  the  Diseases  of  Children,  Cole's  Art  of 
Simpling,  Cooke's  two  works  on  Chirurgery  (containing 
the  '  Marrow  of  many  good  authors  on  the  art  of 
Chyrurgery '),  Coghan's  Haven  of  Health,  and  Muffet's 
Health! s  Improvement ;  or  rules  comprizing  and  discovering 
the  nature,  method  and  manner  of  prepari7ig  all  sorts  of 
food  used  in  this  nation.  But  the  most  striking  confirma- 
tion of  his  practising  I  found  in  the  single  word  '  phisicke 
with  a  blank  space  in  front  of  it,  which  occurs  after  his 
name  in  the  opening  sentence,  written  within  a  few  months 


94 


JOHN  GOODYER 


of  his  death,  in  the  Book  of  Accounts  kept  by  the  Trustees 
of  the  Weston  Charity  in  Petersfield. 

Obviously  he  was  well  known  as  a  physician,  but  the 
writer  left  a  blank  as  if  in  doubt  whether  to  style  him 
*  Doctor  of  Physic ' — probably  because  he  held  no  such  degree, 
qualification,  or  licence  at  all.  Moreover,  his  charitable 
disposition  would  have  led  to  doctoring  without  fees. 

His  great  friend  and  neighbour,  Dr.  John  Dale,  died  in 
May  1662,  having  appointed  Goodyer  one  of  the  overseers 
of  his  will,  but  we  do  not  know  whether  he  was  able  to  act. 

The  exact  day  of  John  Goodyer's  death  is  uncertain,  but 
his  will  is  dated  22  April  1664,  and  was  proved  9  May 
1664  by  the  executor,  the  Rev.  Edmond  Yalden.^  He  is 
now  described  as  of  Weston,  in  the  parish  of  Buriton, 
CO.  Southampton. 

IN  THE  NAME  OF  GOD  AMEN  I  John  Goodyer  of 
Weston  in  the  Parish  of  Buriton  in  the  County  of  Southampton 
Gentleman  being  sick  and  weak  in  body  but  of  good  and  perfect 
mind  and  memory  thanks  be  given  to  God  therefor  revoking  all 
former  Wills  by  me  made  do  this  two  and  twentieth  day  of  April 
in  the  sixteenth  year  ^  of  the  reign  of  our  Sovereign  Lord  Charles 
the  Second  by  the  grace  of  God  of  England  Scotland  France  and 
Ireland  King  Defender  of  the  Faith  &c  and  in  the  year  of  our  Lord 
1664  make  and  ordain  this  my  last  Will  and  Testament  in  manner 
and  form  following  (that  is  to  say) 

First  I  bequeath  my  soul  into  the  hands  of  Almighty  God  Jesus 
Christ  my  only  Saviour  and  Redeemer  hoping  assuredly  by  his 
mercies  and  merits  to  receive  pardon  and  remission  of  all  my  sins 
and  to  enjoy  life  everlasting  And  my  body  to  the  earth  from 
whence  it  was  taken  decently  to  be  buried  by  my  Executor  here- 
after named  in  the  Church  yard  of  Buriton  aforesaid  near  my  late 
wife  and  as  for  such  worldly  goods  and  estate  as  it  hath  pleased 
God  of  his  goodness  to  bestow  on  me  I  give  and  dispose  thereof 
as  foUoweth  Item  t  give  to  the  poor  people  of  the  Tything  of 
Weston  aforesaid  twenty  shillings  to  be  distributed  with-in  a  month 
after  my  decease  at  .'-.he  discretion  of  my  Executor  hereafter  named 

^  Archdeaconry  Court  of  Winchester  Register,  1660-6,  fol.  564. 

^  That  the  beginning  of  the  reign  is  reckoned  not  from  the  Restoration  in 
1660,  but  from  the  execution  of  Charles  I  in  1649,  is  a  further  indication  that 
John  Goodyer  belonged  to  the  Royalist  party. 


WILL 


95 


I  give  and  devise  unto  my  honoured  friend  Leonard  Bilson  Esq 
and  my  Nephew  Edmund  Yalden  in  the  County  of  Surrey  Clerk 
and  to  their  heirs  and  assigns  for  ever  all  my  messuage  dwelling- 
house  together  with  all  the  barns  stables  outhouses  and  buildings 
and  all  the  gardens  and  orchards  thereunto  belonging  situate  in 
Weston  aforesaid  wherein  I  now  live  and  in  my  possession  and 
likewise  all  those  lands  in  Weston  aforesaid  called  Halfpenny  Land 
now  in  the  possession  of  Thomas  Jacques  together  "with  free  liberty 
to  water  and  overflow  the  said  lands  as  it  now  and  heretofore  hath 
been  used  for  the  best  improvement  thereof  to  the  intent  and 
purpose  that  they  the  said  Leonard  Bilson  and  Edmund  Yalden 
and  the  Survivor  of  them  their  heirs  and  assigns  shall  grant  and 
convey  all  the  said  messuage  lands  and  premises  with  the  ap- 
purtenances unto  six  able  honest  and  sufficient  persons  their  heirs 
and  assigns  as  they  or  the  Survivor  of  them  shall  think  fit  Upon 
trust  and  confidence  and  to  the  intent  and  purpose  that  all  the 
yearly  rents  issues  and  profits  of  the  said  messuage  lands  and 
premises  shall  be  employed  and  disposed  of  for  ever  hereafter  for 
the  putting  forth  and  placing  abroad  of  all  such  poor  children  of 
the  Tything  of  Weston  aforesaid  and  the  overplus  thereof  shall  be 
distributed  unto  the  poorest  inhabitants  of  the  said  Tything  of 
Weston  aforesaid  as  my  said  Trustees  and  their  assigns  shall  think 
fit  and  if  any  or  either  of  my  said  Trustees  shall  die  then  the 
Survivors  of  them  shall  convey  the  premises  aforesaid  unto  the 
use  intents  and  purposes  and  upon  the  trust  aforesaid  all  the  rest 
of  my  messuages  lands  tenements  meadows  and  hereditaments 
whatsoever  in  Weston  aforesaid  I  give  and  devise  unto  my  said 
Nephew  Edmund  Yalden  his  heirs  and  assigns  for  ever  Item  I  give 
and  bequeath  unto  the  said  Leonard  Bilson,  Osmund  Bilson  Gentle- 
man, William  Bilson  Gentleman  five  pounds  a  piece  to  buy  each 
of  them  a  piece  of  plate  Item  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  all  the 
children  that  shall  live  unto  the  age  of  one  and  twenty  years  of 
Anne  Worlidge  Widow  the  sum  of  Forty  pounds  of  lawful  money 
of  England  equally  to  be  divided  betwixt  them  at  their  several 
and  respective  ages  of  one  and  twenty  years  and  to  such  of  them 
as  shall  be  of  the  age  of  one  and  twenty  years  at  my  decease  to  be 
paid  unto  them  within  three  months  after  my  decease.  Item  I  give 
unto  my  servant  Mary  Blackman  the  sum  of  twenty  shillings  all 
the  rest  of  my  goods  chattels  household  stuff  and  personal  estate 
whatsoever  my  debts  legacies  and  funeral  expenses  being  first 
satisfied  paid  and  discharged  except  all  my  books  de  plantis  which 
I  do  give  and  bequeath  to  Magdalen  College  in  Oxon  to  be  kept 


96 


JOHN  GOODYER 


entirely  in  the  library  of  the  said  College  for  the  use  of  the  said 
College  unto  my  said  Nephew  Edmund  Yalden  whom  I  make  sole 
Executor  of  this  my  last  Will  and  Testament.  IN  WITNESS 
whereof  to  this  my  last  Will  and  Testament  contained  in  three 
sheets  of  paper  together  with  this  being  fixed  together  I  have  set 
my  seal  subscribed  my  name  the  day  and  year  above  written 
JOHN  GOODYER.  Signed  sealed  and  published  as  the  last 
Will  and  Testament  of  the  above  named  John  Goodyer  in  the 
presence  of  Arch.  Bold,  Osmund  Bilson,^  John  Westbrook,  Richard 
Goddin,  John  Winter,  William  Gammon. 

MEMORANDUM  that  immediately  after  the  signing  and  sealing 
and  before  the  publication  hereof  the  above  named  John  Goodyer 
did  declare  that  his  Will  was  that  Susan  the  daughter  of  Thomas 
James  should  have  and  enjoy  the  lease  of  the  houses  he  holdeth  of 
the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Winton  during  all  his  term  therein  and 
likewise  did  give  unto  John  Westbrook  Gentleman  his  book  of 
Chirurgery  called  Ambrose  Barry  ^  in  the  presence  of  Arch.  Bold, 
Osmund  Bilson,  William  Gammon. 

The  books  came  to  Magdalen  College  soon  after  his 
death,  but  some  of  the  manuscripts  may  have  been  a  year 
or  two  later  in  coming,  for  Edmund  Yalden  lent  his  uncle's 
descriptions  of  plants  to  Dr.  Christopher  Merret  to  be  used 
in  his  '  Pinax'  in  1666.  The  loan  is  duly  acknowledged 
by  Merret  in  his  preface,  but  by  a  mistake  he  refers  to 
Edmund  Yalden  as  Mr.  Yalden  Goodyer,  evidently 
believing  him  to  have  taken  the  family  name  on  suc- 
ceeding to  his  uncle's  property.  This  was  certainly  not 
the  case. 

He  was  buried,  as  he  directed  in  his  will,  in  *  the 
Churchyard  of  Buriton  near  his  late  wife '.  No  stone 
marks  the  spot,  and  when  Canon  Vaughan  wrote  his 
charming  account  of  him  in  1909,^  no  memorial  com- 
memorated his  benefactions  to  the  parish.  Through  the 
devotion  of  Miss  Mabel  Wotton  a  sum  of  money,  towards 
which  Magdalen  College  contributed  five  pounds,  was  col- 

^  Sir  Thomas  Bilson  had  four  sons  and  two  daughters  :  i.  Thomas  Bilson 
m.  Edith  da.  of  Peter  Bettesworth  of  Finning,  co.  Sussex  ;  2.  Leonard  B.  m. 
Eleanor  da.  of  Sir  W.  Lewis,  Kt. ;  3.  Osmund  B.;  4.  William  B. ;  5.  Anna; 
6.  Susanna.    (Information  from  Charles  Billson,  Esq.) 

^  Parey.  ^  J.  Vaughan,  Cornhill,  1909. 


WESTON  CHARITY 


97 


lected  and  an  armorial  window  to  his  memory  was  put  up 
in  Buriton  Church.  Under  the  Goodyer  arms  is  the  in- 
scription 'To  the  Glory  of  God  and  in  Memory  of  John 
Goodyer  of  Alton,  Mapledurham,  Petersfield,  1 592-1664, 
Royalist,  Botanist,  Founder  of  Goodyer  Charity,  Weston 
A  water-colour  drawing  of  the  window  by  Mrs.  Davis  has 
been  hung  near  his  books  in  the  Magdalen  Library. 

The  property  which  he  left  for  the  benefit  of  the  poor  of 
Weston,  has  already  been  described  in  his  will.  The  way 
in  which  his  Trustees  set  out  to  administer  the  Trust  is 
shown  in  their  first  Account  Book  which  we  had  the 
pleasure  of  consulting  through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Burley, 
the  solicitor  to  the  Trust.  The  first  entries  of  receipts  and 
payments  give  some  idea  of  the  initial  value  of  the  legacy. 

A  Booke  of  Receipt  and  Disbursements  of  the  issues  and  profitts 
of  the  house  and  lands  in  Weston  late  Mr.  John  Goodyers,  \a  blank 
space'\  phisicke,  And  by  his  last  Will  and  Testament  settled  upon 
two  Trustees  viz.  Leonard  Bilson  Esq  and  Edmund  Yalden,  Clarke, 
to  the  end  that  they  should  nominate  six  able  persons  and  Convey 
the  said  house  and  lands  to  them  or  ffeoffees  in  trust  for  the  pro- 
lating  and  puttinge  forth  apprentices  of  y^  Children  of  the  poorer 
sort  of  Inhabitants  within  the  said  Tithinge  of  Weston  accordinge 
to  the  true  intent  and  purport  of  the  said  last  Will  and  Testament. 
In  pursuance  whereof  they,  the  said  Leonard  Bilson  and  Edmund 
Yalden  have  nominated,  and  by  their  deed  bearinge  date  the  11*^ 
day  of  June  in  the  sixteenth  yeare  of  the  Raigne  of  King  Charles 
the  second,  have  Conveyed  the  said  house  &  lands  unto  these  six 
persons  foUowinge  viz. : 

William  Bilson,  gent-  Henry  Voake,  yeoman. 

John  James,  gent.  Jacob  Voake,  yeoman. 

John  Bold,  gent.  Robert  Cox,  yeoman. 

The  first  Receipts. 
1664 

12  Julii       Rec**  of  John  Girdler  for  a  bushell  and  an 

halfe  of  apples      .       .        .       .       .     00  02  3 
Rec'^  of  Will'"  Budde  for  a  parcell  of  faggotts     00  01  8 
12  Aug.      Rec.  of  John  Girdler  for  3  halfe  bushell  one 
gallon  of  apples  &  one  gallon  of  peares 
&  3  halfe  bushells .       .        .       .       .      00    6  3 
23  Sept.  ditto  ditto         for  apples     00    4  o 

H 


98 


JOHN  GOODYER 


15  Oct.  Rec.  of  Mr.  Jaques  for  halfe  a  yeares  rent 
of  halpenney  lands  ending  at  Michael- 
mas, last  past  7100 

1665 

14  Apr.      Rec.  of  Mr.  Bettesworth  for  his  halfe  yeares 

rent  ending  att  Lady  day  last  past  (abat- 
inge  nine  shillings  for  Chimney  money 
before  hee  came  to  the  house        .       .       4  1 1  o 

The  first  Payments. 
1664 

24  June      Imprimis  to  Will.  Cox  and  Robert  Tribe 

for  mending  the  garden  hedge      .       .      00  00  9 

13  Julii      To  Will.  Cox  and  Robert  Tribe  for  scour- 

inge  the  river        .       .       .       .       .      00  02  4 

15  Oct.       Paid  att  the  Trustees  first  meeting  to  lett 

the  lands  the  expenses  of  the  house  in 
fire,  beare,  &  tobacco    .       .       .       .      00  05  o 
30  Dec.      Paid  John  Gamons  Bill  for  repairinge  the 

glasse  windowes  of  the  house        .       .      00  10  o 

1666 

30  March    Paid  Doctor  Gunter  for  losse  of  time  in 

cominge  over  for  a  witnesse  .       .       .      00  10  o 

His  'large  house'  was  afterwards  sold  for  over  1,000, 
the  proceeds  of  which,  invested  in  Consols,  together  with 
the  rent  of  the  land,  bring  in  an  annual  income  of  some 
;^75,  which  is  a  source  of  considerable  benefit  to  the  parish. 
Part  of  this  sum  is  yearly  expended  in  gifts  of  money  and 
clothing,  part  in  making  allowances  by  way  of  encourage- 
ment to  servant  girls,  and  part  in  apprenticing  the  young 
lads  of  the  tithing.  The  people  of  Buriton  have,  indeed, 
much  cause  for  gratitude  towards  the  good  botanist  of  Peters- 
field,  whose  very  name  is  now  forgotten  in  the  village. 

His  memorial  in  modern  scientific  botany  is  the  customary 
one  of  a  genus  named  in  his  honour.  But  unfortunately 
his  name  has  been  somewhat  inappropriately  connected  with 
a  rare  Orchid,  Goodyera  repens,  that  is  found  in  certain  fir- 
woods  in  Cumberland  and  Scotland,  but  which  could  never 
have  lived,  where  it  was  thought  that  he  might  have  found 
it,  in  the  'moist  meadow  named  Wood-mead,  neere  the 
path  leading  from  Petersfield  towards  Beryton '.  There 
Goodyer  was  acquainted  with  an  orchid  which  he  knew  by 


GOODYERA 


99 


the  name  of  '  Palma  Christi  radice  repente '  or  '  Creeping 
Satyrion ',  and  which  we  should  now  call  the  Marsh  Helle- 
borine  or  Epipactis  palustris.  Robert  Brown,  who  gave 
the  name  Goodyera  to  the  northern  genus  in  honour  of  our 
Hampshire  botanist,  was  misled  by  Johnson,  who  in  error 
had  attached  a  figure  of  Goodyera  repens  to  the  text 
relating  to  the  Marsh  Helleborine.  It  is  somewhat  un- 
fortunate that  by  a  triple  error  his  name  should  have  been 
attached  to  a  plant  which  in  all  probability  he  could  never 
have  seen,  but  that  is  only  one  of  the  many  chance  circum- 
stances which  have  led  to  the  passing  from  memory  of  the 
services  of  '  an  incomparable  botanist,  of  sound  judgement, 
and  of  immense  industry 


C5      Uwy  iW-.  V  1»titA^ 

0/ 


I  ' 

Ocymoides  sempervirens  A  Fe?'n 

Drawings  by  Goodyer 


H  2 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS  BY  JOHN 
GOODYER 


These  descriptions  of  plants  are  for  the  most  part  the 
earliest  that  are  extant  in  the  English  language.  They 
are  now  printed  for  the  first  time  from  Goodyer's  original 
manuscripts,  with  others  reprinted  from  passages  con- 
tributed to  the  second  or  emaculate  edition  of  Gerard's 
Herbal,  printed  in  1633. 

In  the  following  Table  the  extent  of  Goodyer's  botanical 
labours  is  indicated  by  differences  in  the  type. 

Table  of  Names  with  Modern  Equivalents,  grouped  in 
Natural  Orders. 

Capital  letters  indicate  plants  of  which  descriptions  are  extant. 
Small  letters  indicate  plants  of  which  no  descriptions  are  extant. 
Roman  type  indicates  English  plants. 
Italic  type  indicates  Foreign  and  Garden  plants. 

B,  H,  s,  w,  &c.,  denote  Record  or  First  Mention  y^r  Britain  or  for  the  Counties  of  Yi?ctii^. 

Sussex,  or  Wilts,,  &c. 
Gardens  are  denoted  by  the  names  of  their  owners. 

Goodyer  frequently  quotes  more  than  one  name  of  a  plant :  in  such  cases  we  have 
only  printed  one  for  reasons  of  economy  of  space.  Determinations  for  which  I  have  had 
the  advantage  of  the  experience  of  Dr.  Daydon  Jackson,  Mr.  Britten,  and  Dr.  Stapf  are 
marked  with  j.,  B.,  and  s.  respectively. 


Modern  Name.  Locality.           Goodyer's  Name.  PAGE  . 

Ranunculaceae. 

Ranunculus  Ficaria  L.  Chelidonium  minus.  115 

„         Flammula  L.  Ranunculus  flammeus  aquatilis 

angustifolius.  69 

Adonis  autumnalis  L.  Adonis.  136 

NIGELLA  DAMASCENA  L.  Nigella  multiplex.  152 

„         HISPANICA  h.[^roh.).  Spain           „     elegans.  153 

Papaveraceae. 

Papaver  hybridic7n  h.  {])Oss\h\y).  Argemone  Pavio.  155 

Papaver  Argemone,  L.  Durford    S  Argemone  capitulo  longiore.  178 

„       Rhoeas,  ^  seti^erzem  V>otnn.  {].)    Spain  Papaver  Rhoeas  Baeticum.  155 

HYPECOUM  PROCUMBENS  L.  Coys       Hypecoon  Clusii.  129 

Fumariaceae. 

Corydalis  claviculata  DC.  Southsea  H  Fumaria  claviculis  donata.  47 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


lOI 


Modern  Name. 
Cruciferae. 
Sisymbrium  Alliaria  Scop. 

„       Irio  L. 
Nasturtium  sylvestre  R.  Br. 
Cardamine  impatiens  L. 
Dentaria  bulbifera  L. 
SINAPIS  ALBA  L.  ? 
Brassica  Sinapistrum  Boiss. 
Draba  sp. 

IBERIS  UMBELLATA  L.  (J.) 

Biinias  orientale  L. 

Violaceae. 
Viola  tricolor  L. 
Viola  odor  at  a  L.  fl.  pi. 

Frankeniaceae. 
FRANKENIA  LAEVIS  L. 


Locality. 

Droxford  H 

Whitechapel 

Bath 
Mayfield  B 
Droxford  H 

[Crete] 
Whitechapel 


Goodyer's  Name. 


PAGB 


Alliaria  recentiorum.    '  Herbe 

John.*  Ill 
Erysimum  ii  Tab.  191 
Eruca  palustris  minor.  192 
Cardamine  impatiens. 
Dentaria  bulbifera.  186 
Sinapi  sativum  alterum  Penae.  ill 
Cherlock.  162 
Draba  lutea  sil.  long.  69 
Thlaspi  umbellosum  marinum 

fl.  alb.  130 
Rapistrum  aliud  non  bulbosum.  191 


Viola  tricolor  sylv.parva.  How.  194 
Sheet  garden  H  Viola  martia  purpurea  multi- 
plex. 109 


Caryophyllaceae. 
Silene  fricticosa  L.  (J.) 
Lychnis  dioica  L. 

„      Githago  Scop. 
SAGINA  NODOSA  Meyer. 

„        APETALA  L. 
Stellaria  aquatica  Scop. 

Portulaceae. 
Montia  fontana  L. 

Hypericineae. 
Hypericum  Androsaemum  L. 

Malvaceae. 
Malva  moschata  L. 

„     stipulacea  Cav.  ?  (J.) 

y  ^  1  ri  ^  c  c  ^  c 
LINUM  CATHARTICUM  L. 


Haylinge  B 
Bursledon  Ferry 


Petersfield 

Chichester  S 
Wellingborough  B 
Bath 


Hants  H 


An  Polygoni  marini  species.  148 
Polygonum  alterum  pusillo.  151 

Ocymoides  sempervirens.  99 
'Lychnis  sylv,   flore  cameo 

odorato'  Merrett.  195 

Pseudomelanthium.  112 

Alsine  palustris  foliis  tenuis-  179 

simis.    '  Saxifraga  pal.  alsin.'  77 

[No  name.]  186 

Alsine  major  repens.  69 

'  Alsine  flosculis  conniventibus ' 
Merrett.  *  Blinks  '  Goodyer.  195 


St.Vincent's  Rocks       Androsaemum  magnum. 


77 


Mapledurham  H 
Coys.  Spain 


Hants,  Purfleet 


Geraniaceae. 
Geranium  columbinum  L. 

„        lucidum  L. 
ERODIUM  GRUINUM 
Willd.  ?  (J.) 

Leguminosae. 
ULEX  EUROPAEUS  L. 


Hants,  Whitechapel 
Guildford 
Coys.  Spain 


(whitish  fl.  var.)  (S.) 


NANUS  Forst.  (S.) 
parviflorus.  (S.)  Provence 


MEDICAGO  MINIMA  L.  .?  (J.) 

MEDIC  AGO  POLYMORPHA  L.  Spain 


Alcea  vulgaris  albo  flore.  1 11 

Malva   flore   amplo  Baetica 
aestiva.  134 

Linum    silvestre  catharticum 
Milmountaine.  109,  112 

'Geranium  columbinum  '  How.  191 
*  Geranium  saxatile '  Park.  708.  185 
Geranium  Baeticum  sp.  Boelii.  146 


Ye  great  furze.  189 

Genista  spinosa  flore  albo.  189 
Ye  least  furze  (not  Gen.  sp. 

minor  Park.  1003).  189 
Genista  spinosa   major  bre- 

vibus  aculeis  B.  P.  394.  190 

Genista  spinosa  minor.  189 

Medica  anglica  minor.  141 
Medica  major  Baetica  sp.  i. 

spinulis  intortis.  142 


I02 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Modern  Name. 
MEDICAGO  INTERTEXTA  L. 

MARINA  L. 
PI  SUM  SATIVUM  L. 
MELILOTUS  INDICA  L.  ? 
ASTRAGALUS  HAMOSUS  L. 
Trifolium  ligusticum  Balb.  ?  (J.) 

„      Lagopus  L.  ?(J.) 


Locality. 
Spain 


Coys 
Coys 
Coys 


HEDYSARUM  HUMILE  L. 
Onobrychis  sativa  Lam.  Langford,  Wilts,  w 

Hippocrepis  comosa  L.  Buttersworth  Hill 

St.  Vincent's  Rocks 
ASTRAGALUS  LUSITANI-      Park.  Spain 

CUS  Lam.  (J.) 
VIC  I  A  FAB  A  L.  var.  (J.)  Coys.  Spain 


Vicia  tetrasperma  Moench. 
Vicia  sylvatica  L. 


Bath 
Coys 


VICIA  SATIVA  L.  var. 

LEUCOSPERMA  Moench.  (J.) 
VICIA  SA  TIVA  (3  LINEARIS   Coys.  Spain 

Lange?(J.) 

Vzcrn  hitea  /3  laevigata  Boiss.  (J.)  Coys.  [Portu- 

gal] 

Ervum  Lens  L.  Droxford 
PISUM  ARVENSE  L.  Park.  Spain 

LATHYRUS  OCHRUS  DC.         Park.  Coys 


ANNUUS  L.  or 
L.  OCHRUS  DC?  (J.) 
LATHYRUS  CLYMENUM  L.  ?  (J.) 


Spain 


H 


LATHYRUS  SPHAERICUS  Retz  ?  (J.) 
LATHYRUS  TUBEROSUS  L.  Spain 

P  ALUS  IRIS  L.  Spain 

Lathyrus  sylvestris  L.  Hants  H 

LENS  ESCULENTA  Moench.  ?  (J.)  ^ 

ORNITHOPUS  SCORPIOIDES  L. 
SCORPIURUS  SUBVILLOSA  L.  (J.) 
SCORPIURUS  VERMICULATA  L. 

laevigata  L.  (J.) 

Cucurbitaceae. 
CUCURBITA  PEPO  L.  var. 
CITRULLUS  VULGARIS  Schrad.  (J.) 

POTEN^TILLA  COMARUM  Nutt. 

Potentilla  Anserina  L. 

ALCHEMILLA  ALPINA  L.  ?  (J.) 

Spiraea  Filipendula  L.  St.  Vincent's  Rocks 

RUBUS  CAESIUS  L.  H 

„        Chamaemorus  L.  ?  Ingleborough 

Rosa  cin7tamomea  L.  Droxford 
Rosa  Eglanteria  L.  Bath 


Goodye?-''s  Name.  PAGE 
Medica  major  Baetica  altera.  142 

„      marina  spinosa  sp. 
Pisum  quadratum. 
Melilotus  Indiae  orientalis. 
Securidaca  minor. 
Lagopus  trifolius  maior  Baeti- 
cus. 

Lagopus  trifolius  flore  ruber- 
rimo. 

Hedysarum  clypeatum. 
Caput  Gallinaceum  Belgarum 
Ferrum  equinum  Germanicum. 


142 

139 
126 
130 

144 


144 
147 
178 
187 
77 


Astragalus  marinus  Lusitani- 

cus  Boelii. 
Faba  veterum  serratis  foliis 

Boelii. 

Vicia  sive  Cracca  minima. 
'Vicia  maxima  sylvatica  spicata 

Bathoniensis  Goodyeri.'  190,  196 
Vicia  indica  fructu  albo.  139 


140 

140 
193 
77 


Aracus  maior  Baeticus  Boelii.  138 

Legumen   pallidum  Vlissipo- 

nense  Nonii  Brandonii.  139 
Lens  minor.  iii 
Pisum  maculatum  Boelii.  141 
Ervilia  silvestris  Dodonaei.  141 
Lathyrus  aestivus  flore  luteo.  136 

Lathyrus  aestivus  Baeticus  fl. 

coeruleo  Boelii.  136 
Lathyrus  aestivus  flore  miniato.  137 
Lathyrus  aestivus  dumetorum 

Baet.  Boelii.  138 
Lathyrus  palustris  Lusitanicus 

Boelii.  137 
'Lathyrus  maior  angustifol.  fl. 

pall,  rubro  '  Merrett.  195 
Lathyrus  aestivus  Baeticus  fl. 

albo  Boelii.  137 
Scorpioides  mathioli.  131 
Scorpioides  multiflorus  Boelii.  151 
sihqua  crassa 
Boelii.  151 
„      repens  Bupleuri  folio.  132 

Macocks  Virginiani,  165 
Melones  Aquatici.  165 

Quinquefolium  palustre.  170 

Heptaphyllonmaius  Phyto.651  155 

Filipendula  vulgaris.  77 

Rubus  repens  fructu  caesio.  114 

Cloudberry.  195 

Rosa  cinamomea  simpl.  fl.  112 
'  Rosa  sylvestris  odora  Eglan- 
teria '  How  MS. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


103 


Modem  Name. 
Rosa  gallica  L.^ 
Pyrus  Aria  L, 

Onagrarieae. 
Epilobium  angustifolium  L. 

OENOTHERA  BIENNIS  L. 
LUDWIGIA  PALUSTRIS 
Elliot. 

Crassulaceae. 
Sedum  rupestre  L.  var.  minus. 


Locality. 


Sandrish  in  Kent '  K 


Winchester 
New  Forest 


St.  Vincent's 
Rocks 


sp. 

Saxifrageae. 
Chrysosplenium  oppositifolium  L.  Mapledurham 


Parnassia  palustris  L. 

Umbelliferae. 
Eryngium  maritimum  L. 
Trinia  glauca  O.  K. 
Cicuta  virosa  L. 
APIUM  NODIFLORUM  Reich. 


Wellingborough 

Tichfield  Bay 
St.  Vincent's  Rocks 
Denham,  Herts. 


Droxford 
Petersfield 


APIUM  INUNDATUM  Reich,  b.  f.  (J.) 
ApiujH  crispujji  L.  Idsworth 
Aegopodium  Podagraria  L. 
Sison  Amomum  L. 
CARUM  SEGETUM  Benth. 
SIUM  LATIFOLIUM  L.  Oxford 
SIUM  ERECTUM  Huds.  Droxford 
Bupleurum  rotundifolium  L. 
OENANTHE  LACHENALII  Gmel.  Soberton 
„  SILAIFOLIA  Bieb.  (T.) 

pimpinelloides  L. 
Crithmum  maritimum  L.  Hurst  Castle 

Peucedanum  sativum  B.  and  H. 
Caucalis  arvensis  Huds.  Petersfield 


?H 


nodosa  Scop. 

LA  TIFOLIA  L.  (S.) 
Daucus  Carota  L. 
Smyrnium  Olusatrum  L. 

Caprifoliaceae. 
Adoxa  Moschatellina  L.  Bunny- 
kens  Holworte. 
Sambucus  Ebulus  L. 

Rubiaceae. 
RUBIA  PEREGRINA  L. 
CRUCIANELLA  sp. 
Sherardia  arvensis  L. 
ASPERULA  CYNANCHICA  L. 

VALERIANA  c'oRNUCOPIAE  L. 
Locusta  L. 


Spain 
Droxford  H 


Goodyer^s  Name.  PAGE 
Rosa  holoserica.  1 10 

'  Aria  Theophrasti '  Merrett.  195 

Lysimachia  forte.  IH 
Chamaenerion  Gesneri.  in 
Lysimachia  virginiana.  159 
Herba  aquatica  rubescens  facie  187 
Anagall.    Holosteum.     193,  195 

*Sedum  Divi  Vincentii  non- 

descr.'  Merrett.  77,  195 

Aizoon.  152 

Saxifraga  aurea.  185 
Gramen  parnassi.  180 

Eryngium  marinum.  no 

Peucedanum  pumilum.  77 

Slum  alterum  olusatri  facie.  179 

fSium  repens.  114 
'  Slum  umbellis  ad  caulium 

nodos'  Merrett.  195 

Sium  pusillum  foliis  variis.  192 

Apium  crispum.  172 

Podagria  germanica.  I  lo 

Sium  odoratum  Tragi.  121 
Sium  siifoliis.  Honewort.  53,  121 
Pastinaca  aquatica  latifolia.  176 

,,  „  minor.  116 
Thorow-vvax. 

Oenanthe  angustifolia  Lob.  115 

»)  »  35 

„  apii  folio.  145 
Crithmum  chrysanthemum  G.  193 

Caucalis  pumila  segetum  Mer- 
rett. 195 

Caucalis  nodosa  echinato  se- 
mini  Bauhini.  1 14 

Caucalis  major  Baetica.  128 

Siser  erraticum  Plinii.  112 

Alexanders. 


Radix  cava  minima  viridi  flore.  69 

126 

Veny  Sutton  w  Ebulus.  m 

Rubia  sylvestris.  191 

spicata  Cretica  Clusii.  132 

Rubia  minor  flore  rubro.  148 

Hants    B  Synanchica.  113 


Valeriana  mexicana. 
Lactuca  agnina. 


133 
133 


^  Probably.  J.  notes  that  the  Moss  Rose  R.  muscosa  Ait.  seems  not  to  be  catalogued 
before  1720  by  Boerhaave. 


104 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Modern  Natne.  Locality, 
Dipsaceae. 

Jasione  montana  L.  Sheet  H 

SCABIOSA  ATROPURPUREA  L. 

,,         columbaria  L. 

Compositae. 
Tussilago  Farfara  L. 

ERIGERON  ACRE  L.  Winchester  H 

Jaso7iia  tuber osa  DC. 
ANTHEMIS  TINCTORIA  L. 

Anthemis  Cotula  L. 

„       nobilis  L. 
CHRYSANTHEMUM  CORONA-  [Crete] 
RIUM  L. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM  CORONA-  Spain 
RIUM  L. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM  CORONA-  Spain 

RIUM  L. 
Chrysanthemum  segetum  L. 
HELIANTHUS  TUB  EROS  US  L. 

„  annuics  L. 

Senecio  Doria  L. 

SENECIO  SARRACENICUS  L.  (S.  J.)  Coys. 
Senecio  paludosus  L.  Downham  Fen  B 


Goodyer's  Name. 


PAGE 


Scabiosa  minima  hirsuta  G. 

585.    S.  media.  no,  164 

Scabiosa  flore  rubro  =  S.  sexta 

indica  Clusii.  164 
Scabiosa  minor.  164 


Jacobaea  L. 


Ladle  Hill  H 


XERANTHEMUM  ANNUUM  L.  (S.) 
ACHILLEA  NOBILIS  L. 
Achillea  Millefolium  L. 

DIOTIS  MARITIMA  Cass.  Hayling  H 

G7iaphaHum  margaritaceu7n  L. 
[Filago  minima  Pers.^  Petersfield  H 

[Xanthium  Strumarium  L.  Southwick St..  Hants  ?B 
Arctium  minus  Bernh.  ? 

Lappa  L.  Mangerfield,  Glos.  G 

NOTOBASIS  SYR  I  AC  A  Cass.    Coys.  Spain 

CNICUS  PRATENSIS  Willd. 

CNICUS  ERIOPHORUS  Roth.      Holyborne  H 


CARDUUS  ACAULIS  L. 

Carduus  crispus  L. 

„       nutans  L. 
Carlina  vulgaris  L. 
CARLINA  LAN  ATA  L. 
CENTAUREA  SALMAN- 

TICA  L. 
Centaurea  Scabiosa  L. 


Sonchus  tingitanus  L.  ? 
LACTUCA  VIROSA  L. 


Hants: 
Purfleet 


162 

120 

154 
135 


134 


135 


Conyza  coerulea  C.  odorata. 
Aster  conyzoides  Gesneri. 
Buphthalmum  vulgare  i  Mat- 

thioli. 
Cotula  foetida. 
Camomile. 

Chrysanthemum    Creticum  i 
Clusii. 

Chrysanthemum  Baeticum 

Boelii  inscr. 
Chrysanthemum  tenuifolium 

Baeticum  Boelii. 
Chrys.  segetum. 
Flos  solis  pyramidalis. 

,,  Peruanus. 
Herba  Doria. 
Herba  Doria  altera. 
Conyza  aquatica  laciniata. 
Jacobaea    angustifoHa  Pan 

nonica  2  Clus. 
Ptarmica  imperati. 
Achillea  sideritis. 
Common  Yarrow. 
Gnaphalium  marinum. 
Gnaphalium  Americanum. 
'  Filago  minor  Lob.' 
Zanthium.  128 


135 
135,  155 
109,  166 
167 
119 
119 
193 


194 
119 
155 
155 
148 


Arctium  montanum  et  Lappa 

minor  Galeni.  194 
Silibum   minus  flore  nutante 

Boelii.  145 
Carduus    bulbosus  Monspel- 

liensium.  144,  154 

Carduus  eriocephalus.  109,  146 
Carduus  acaulis  septentriona- 

lium  L'Obelii.  118,  145 


[Hants]  H 
Hants:  Purfleet  HE 
Coys.  [Naples] 
Montp.  Spain 


Carduus  viarum  fl.  purp.  et  alb.  112 

Carlina  sylvestris.  112 

Acarna  flore  rubro.  145 
Stoebe    Salmantica   i  Clusii 

foliis  Cichorei.  154 

Chawton  H  Jacea  albo  flore.  no 

„     major.  165 

Sonchus  Africanus  Boelii.  69 
Southampton   H   Lactuca  silvestris  vera  ingrato 

odore.  111,158 


^  Filago  minor  is  included  in  How's  list,  p.  280.  He  may  have  obtained  the  locality, 
Petersfield,  from  Goodyer. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


105 


Modern  Nnfne. 
LAC  TULA  AGA'EST/S  L. 

RHAGADIOLUS  EDULIS 
Gaertn.  (J.) 

TOLPIS  BARB  A  TA  Gaertn.  (J.) 


Locality. 
[Montpelier] 

Spain 
Spain 


UM BELLA  TA  3  MINOR 
Lange  (J.). 

HIERA ClUM  JNTYBA CE UM  L.  ?  [Italy] 
„  ANDRYA-  Coys.  Spain 

LOIDES  Vill.  (J.) 
Hieracium  murorum  L.  Godalming  s 

„        Pilosella  L. 
Taraxacum  officinale  Willd. 
Cichorium  Intybus  L. 
Lapsana  communis  L. 

LAPSANA  ZACINTHA  L.  ?  [Italy:  Florence] 
CENTAUREA  MEVADENSIS  Bois.  Coys 
&  Reut.  ?  (J). 


Pri  mulaceae. 
ANDROSACE  MAXIMA  L. 


(J-) 


Sheet 
Sheet 
Emsworth 


Priinula  verts  L. 

,,      vulgaris  Huds, 
Samolus  Valerandi  L. 
Lysimachia  nemorum  L. 

Campanulaceae. 
PHYTEUMA  ORBICULARE  L.  (S.)  Maple- 

durham 

„  „  Droxford 

Campanula  patula  L. 

CAMPANULA  PUMILA  L.  var.? 
RESEDA  PHYTEUMA  L.  (J.) 
Reseda  Luteola  L. 

Ericaceae. 
MONOTROPA  HYPOPITYS  L.  Droxford 
GENTIANA  PNEUMONANTHE  L. 

Con  volvulac  eae. 
Convolvulus  Soldanella  L.  Hants 

Chichester 
CONVOLVULUS  PURPUREUS  L. 
or  some  var.  of  it  (J.). 

„  „  Boel.  Coys 

ARVENSIS  L. 
Cuscuta  Epithymum  L. 

Asclepiadae. 
ASCLEPIAS  PURPURASCENS  L.  (S.) 

B  oragineae. 
ANCHUSA  ANGUSTIFOLIA  L. 


Goodyer's  Name.  page 

Lactuca  agrestis.  159 

(Hieratium  Narbonense  falcata 

siliqua  L'Obelii.  148 
Hieratium  stellatum  Boelii. 
Hieratium  medio  nigrum  flore 

maior  Boelii.  149 
Hieratium  medio  nigrum  flore 

minore  Boelii.  149 

Hieratium  intybaceum.  149 

lanosum.  150 

Pulmonaria  Gallica  sive  aurea 

latifolia.  180 

Pilosella  repens.  150. 

Dens  leonis  vulg.  1 15 

'  Wild  Cicorie.'  1 50 

Lampsana.  149 

Cichorium  verrucatum.  151 

Jacea  capitulis  hirsutis  Boelii.  164 

palustris  Baetica  Boelii.  164 

Androsace  altera  Matthioli  Ger. 

p.  425.  .  150 

Cowslip  2  in  a  hose.  109 

Primrose  2  in  a  hose.  109 

Anagallis  aquatica  tertia.  11 1 

„      flore  luteo.  187 

[Rapunculus  corniculatusmon- 
tanusl.  185,  196 


Rapunculum  silvestre, 
'  Rapunculus  sylvestris  fl.  rubro 

albescente '  Merrett. 
Lesser  Bell-flower. 
Phyteuma  monspeliensium. 
Luteola. 

Orobanche  verbasculi  odore. 
Pneumonanthe. 

[Soldanella  marina]. 


116 

195 
132 
134 
134 

122 
170 

185 


Convolvul  us  coeruleus  Bryoniae 
nigrae  folio  flos  Noctis  non 
♦script.  153 

Convolvulus  coeruleus  minor 
Baeticus.  129 

Convolvulus  minor.  129 

Cuscuta.  112 

Periploca  recta  virginiana.  131 


PULMONARIA  ANGUSTI- 
FOLIA L. 


Buglossum     scorpioides  an 
Echii  facie  Buglossum  mini- 
mum flore  rubente  (Lobel).  131 
New  Forest    b  Pulmonaria  foliis  Echii.     115,  190 


io6 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Modern  Name. 
Solanaceae. 
Hyoscyamus  niger  L. 
NICOTIANA  TABACUM  L. 

var.  BRASILIENSIS  Comes.  (S.) 
NICOTIANA  TABACUM  L. 
var.  FRUTICOSA  Hook.  f.  (S.) 

Orobanchaceae. 
LATHRAEA  SQUAMARIA  L. 

Orobanche  Purpurea  Jacq.  ? 

Scrophulariaceae. 
Verbascum  nigrum  L. 
LINARIA  MINOR  Desf. 
LIN  ARIA  THYMIFOLIA  DC.  ?  (J.) 


Locality, 

Coys 
Uvedale 


Goodyer's  Name. 


PAGE 


Hyoscyamus  luteus.  122,  160 

Petum    indicum    folio  pene 

obtuso.  160 
Petum  indicum  folio  Hydro- 

lapathi  acuto.  161 

I'Anblatum  Dod.  123 
\  Dentaria  maior  sive  n(f>v\Xos 
{  Clus. 

Orobanche.  122 


?  Droxford   H  Blattaria  flo.  luteo. 

Antirrhinum  minus.  115 
Antirrhinum  minus  flore  Lina- 


Coys 


LINARIA  CYMBALARIA  Mill. 


Coys. 
Droxford 
Coys 


LINARIA  SERPYLLIFOLIA 

Lange  ?(J.) 
Linaria  Elatine  Desf. 

[Scrophularia  vernalis  L.  Coys 

Scrophularia  nodosa  L. 

DIGITALIS  FERRUGINEA  L. 

Veronica  hybrida  L.  St.  Vincent's  Rocks 

BARTSIA  ODONTITES  Huds. 

„  „  var.  alb.  Bellmere 

MELAMPYRUM  SYLVATICUM 
L. 

Pedicularis  sylvatica  L.  Warwickshire 
?  CERINTHE  MAJOR  L.  [Prob.  Spain] 

CERINTHE  MINOR  L.  Spain 

„  major  L.  vzx.flavo  flore. 


w 


riae  luteo  inscriptum.  143 
Cymbalaria  Italica.  17,  163 

Linaria  minor  aestiva.  143 

Fluellin.    Elatine.  163 

17 

Common  Scrophularia.  156 
Digitalis  ferruginea.  186 
'  Veronica  mas  recta  '  Merrett.  76 
Eufrasia  altera  Dodo.  117 
Euphrasia  2  Dod.  flo.  albo.  150 
Melampirum  luteum  latefolium.  1 18 

'  Pedicularis  fl. albo '  How  MS. 
Cerinthe  flore  rubro.  128 
„      minor  flore  albo  veris 
luteis.  180 
Yeallow  flowered  Cerinthe.  128 


SALVIA  VERTICILLATA 
Nepeta  nuda  L 
Origanum  Major  ana  L. 
OCIMUM  BASILICUM  L. 
Nepeta  Cataria  L.  var.  ?  (J.) 
NEPETA  TUB  EROS  A  L. 

Lavandula  officinalis  L. 
STACHYS  GERMANICA  L. 

)>  » 
„        Betonica  Benth. 
Lamitim  Orvala  L. 

Thymus  Serpyllum  L. 


Galeopsis  Tetrahit  L.  var.  bifida. 


Coys        Horminum  silvestre  iii  Clusii. 
Droxford        Menthastrum  montanum. 
Yalden,  Sheet       Sweete  Marjoram. 

„        „  Acinos  [odoratissimum]. 

Parkinson        Nepeta  media. 

Coys        Cattaria  tuberosa  radice  Bae- 
tica  Boelii  non  script. 
Lavender. 
Witney    B  Stachys  (Buckner). 

Stachys  Wild  Horehound. 
Betony. 

Coys        Lamium  Pannonicum  2^"^  exo- 
ticum  Clusii. 
Petersfield  h  Serpillum.    *  Serpillum  foeti- 
dum  Goodyeri '  How  MS. 
Merrett. 

H   'Cannabis  spuria  altera  flo. 
purp.'  How. 


156 
III 
166 
166 
162 

161 
157 
59 
177 
120 

156 


195 

194 


Plantagineae. 
Littorella  lacustris  L. 

Plantago  Psylliian  L. 
Plantago  Coronopus  L. 


'  Holosteumjunciifoliuih  repens 

Goodyeri '  How  MS. 
Psyllium.  1 57 

Comu  cervinum  Lobelii.    130,  155 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


icy 


Modern  Navie. 


Locality. 


Goodyer's  Name. 


Illecebraceae. 

Scleranthus  annuus  L.  Knavvel.  (B.)  Tichfield  Bay  H   Polygonum  germanis. 

Chenopocliaceae. 
SUAEDA  FRUTICOSA  Forsk.  H 
SALICORNIA  HERBACEA  L.        ?  Portland  H 
EMEX  SPINOSA  Campd.  (J.) 
Rumex  Acetosa  L. 


Chamaepitys  verniiculata. 
Kali  album,  p.  8i,  Dodo. 
Blitum  spinosum  Creticum. 
Acetosa  maxima. 


PAGE 


no 


179 
152 
136 
194 


Santalaceae. 
THESIUM  HUMIFUSUM  DC. 

U  rticaceae. 
Urtica  dioica  L. 
Humulus  Lupulus  L. 

Ulmaceae. 
ULMUS  CAMPESTRIS  Sm. 

MONTANA  Stokes. 
GLABRA  Miller. 
MINOR  Miller. 


Droxford    B  Anthyllis    montana,  Linaria 

adulterina.  117 


Nettle. 
Hop. 


156 
114 


Stubbers  B 
New  Forest  B 


Ulmus  vuly.  folio  lato  scabro.  38 

„    folio  latissimo  scabro.  41 

„     folio  glabro.  43 

„    minor  f.  angusto  scabro.  39 


Amentaceae. 
ALNUS  GLUTINOSA  Gaertn. 
BETULA  ALBA  L. 
Fagus  sylvatica  L. 

„         „       L.  var. 
QUERCUS  ROBUR  L. 

„  „        agg.     Bramshaw,  Wilts,  w 


JUG  LANS  REG  I A  L. 
CASTANEA  SATIVA  Mill. 
Salix  viminalis  L. 

Monocotyledons. 
ACORUS  CALAMUS  L. 
POTAMOGETON  CRISPUS  L. 

DENSUS  L. 


Alder.  175 
Unnamed.  175 
Faringdon  H  *  Great  antient  Beeches.  189 
Fagus.  188 
Quercus.    Cachryes  and  Galls.  172 
'  Quercus  serotina,  procerior. 
Dor-Oak'  Merrett.  195 
Longwood       Nux  Juglans.  112,174 
Cachrys  Castaneae.  17 A 

Salix  aquatica.  77 


Butomus  umbellatus  L. 
Alisma  Plantago  L. 

Damasonium  stellatum  Pers.  Hounslowe  Heath  B 
Between  Sandie  Chappell 
and  Kingston 

Neottia  Nidus-avis  Rich. 

Epipactis  palustris  Crantz.  Petersfield  B 

EPIPACTIS  VIOLACEA  Bor.         Holiborne  B 

TAMUS  COMMUNIS  L.  Hants  H 

Allium  ursinum  L. 

Colchicum  autumnale  L.  Warminster  w 

Juncus  bufonius  L. 

Paris  quadrifolia.  Chawton  H 

SCIRPUS  SYLVATICUS  L.  Oxford  B 

Carex  vulpina  L.  or  C.  Pseudo 
Cyperus  ?(J.). 

Carex  pulicaris  L.  ?  o 

Hordeum  sylvaticum  Huds.  Petersfield  B 

Panicum  sanguinale  L.  Petersfield 


?  B  Acorus  legittimum  Clus.  231. 
Durford    B  Tribulus  aquaticus  minor  flori- 
bus  uvae. 

Droxford    B  Tribulus  aquaticus  minor  mus- 
catellae  floribus. 
Butomus. 


Plantago  aquatica  stellata. 
Plantago  aquatica  stellata. 


177 
123 

126 
177 

no 
180 


Nidus  avis.  127,  195 

Palma  Christi,  radice  repente.  184 
Nidus  avis  flore  et  caule  vio- 

laceo.  47,  126 

Bryonia  nigra.  127,153 
Ram  sons. 

Colchicum  flo.  albo  et  purpur. 
Gramen  holosteum  Alp.  min. 
Herba  Paris. 

Cyperus  gramineus  Lobelii. 
'  Gramen  palustre  Cyperoides 

Lob.  Ger.    Great  Cyperus 

Grasse'  How. 
Flea-grass.    Ray,  Synopsis. 
'Gramen  secalinum  maximum' 

Merrett.  196 
*  Gramen    paniceum  procum- 

bens*  Merrett.  196 


no 
190 
no 
175 


194 

196 


io8 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Modern  Name. 


Locality, 


CALAMAGROSTIS  EPIGEJOS  Roth. 
{not  Festuca  Myurus  L.)  (S.)  Winchester 


ECHINOCHLOA  CRUS-GALLI 
L.  (S.) 


Petersfield 
Sheet 


PHALARIS  CANARIENSIS  L.  (S.)  Spain 

MINOR  L.  (S.)  Spain 

BULB  OS  A  L.  (S.)  Spain 
CYNOSURVS ECHINA  TUS  L.  Coys.  Sheppey 
Nardus  striata  L. 

BRIZA  MAXLMA  L.  Coys.  Spain 

Phragmites  communis  Trim. 

Coniferae. 

JUNIPERUS  COMMUNIS  L.  Surrey  S 

TAXUS  BACCATA  L. 

Filices,  etc. 
Ophioglossum  vulgatum  L. 

Botrychium  Lunaria  Sw.  Droxford  H 

POLYPODIUM  DRYOPTERIS  L.  Hants  B 
ASPIDIUM  ACULEATUM       Mapledurham  H 

Sw.  var.  /3  LOBATUM. 
DRYOPTERIS  THELY-  nr.  Petersfield  B 

PTERIS  Sw. 
ASPIDIUM  FILIX-MAS  Sw.  Hants  H 

„  „        var.  AFFINIS.      Hants  H 

DILATATUM  Sm.         Durford  ;  B 
Mapledurham 
Asplenium  Trichomanes  L.         Wolmer  Forest  H 
„         Ruta-muraria  L.  ?  h 

Scolopendrium  vulgare  L.  var.  Swaneling  H 

multifida 

Ceterach  officinarum  Willd.  ?  H 

Lycopodium  clavatum  L.  Petersfield  H 

Pilularia  globulifera  L.  Petersfield  H 

Clathrus  cancellatus  L.  (J.)  Petersfield  H 


Goodyer's  Name.  PAGE 
Calamagrostis.  172 
Gramen  murorum  spica  longis- 

sima.  171, 190 

*  Gramen  Paniceum '  Merrett.  195 

Panicum  sylvestre.  120 
Phalaris  minor  Baetica  Boelii, 

sem.  nigro.  133 
Phalaris  minor  Baetica  Boelii, 

sem.  albo.  133 
Phalaris  bulbosa  Boelii.  133 
Gramen  cristatum  Baet.  Boelii.  157 
Spartum  or  Matweed.  171 
Gramen  tremulum  maximum.  158 
Arundo  vallatoria.  176 

Juniperus  sterilis.  123,  195 

Taxus  glandifera  baccifera.  168 
„     tantum  florens.        169,  196 


Lunaria  minor. 

Dryopteris  Tragi. 

Filix  mas  non  ramosa  pinnulis 

latis  auriculis  spinosis. 
Dryopteris  Penae  et  Lobelii. 

Filix  mas  non  ramosa  pinnulis 
latis. 

Filix  mas  non  ramosa  pinnulis 

angustis. 
Filix  ramosa  pinnulis  dentatis. 


Ruta  muraria 
Phyllitis  multifida. 

Ceterach 

'  Chamaepeuce    foemina  seu 

polyspermos'  Merrett. 
Gramen  piperinum '  Merrett. 
Fungus  corallinus '  Merrett. 


no 


183 
183 


182 

183 
181 

179 

185 
230 

196 

196 

iq6 


The  manuscript  descriptions  are  wholly  in  Goodyer's 
handwriting :  the  colour  of  the  ink  shows  that  in  several 
cases  the  whole  of  a  paragraph  was  not  written  at  the  same 
time.  The  concluding  sentences,  usually  mentioning  locality 
and  date,  were  sometimes  added  later  in  a  browner  ink. 
Such  sentences  are  indicated  by  the  use  of  the  mark  ||. 

These  additions  must  have  been  made  before  1632,  when 
many  of  the  descriptions  were  handed  to  Johnson  for  his 
revision  of  the  Herbal.  The  methodical  Goodyer  kept 
a  list  of  descriptions  thus   lent   to   Johnson  (MS.  11, 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


f.  134).  In  all  more  than  two  hundred  and  fifty  plants 
are  specially  noticed  in  addition  to  some  hundred  which 
are  casually  mentioned  in  his  descriptive  writings.  About 
a  hundred  and  fifty  of  Goodyer's  descriptions  of  plants 
are  still  extant:  sixty  were  printed  by  Johnson,  ninety  are 
in  manuscript.  Johnson  did  not  print  all  the  descriptions 
sent  him. 

In  cases  in  which  both  printed  and  manuscript  versions 
are  available,  we  have  followed  Goodyer's  own  manuscript 
in  essential  particulars,  but  have  retained  the  spelling  of 
the  printed  version,  except  of  the  word  '  flower  \  in  which 
case  we  have  adopted  Goodyer's  spelling. 

It  may  be  noted  that  Goodyer's  spelling  of  English 
words,  though  perhaps  more  uniform  than  that  of  many 
of  his  contemporaries,  was  apt  to  vary.  On  the  whole 
he  favoured  such  forms  as  color,  devide,  flower,  yealowe, 
coople,  apece,  fower,  toppe,  ioynt,  bignes,  ymediatlie,  ynch, 
and  a  final  e  at  the  ends  of  present  participles  and  other 
words. 

The  manuscript  referred  to  is  Goodyer  MS.  1 1. 

Woolly-headed  Thistle.      Cnicus  eriophorus  L. 
Carduus  eriocephalus.    Corona  fratrum  quorundam.  161 7 

[See  29  June  1621  and  13  Aug.  1621.] 

Linum  silvestre  catharticum.    Mil-mountaine.  Oct.  1617 

[See  2  July  1619.] 

Jerusalem  Artichoke.      Helimithus  tuber ostis  L. 
Heliotropium  Indicum  vel  Virginianum.  25  March  16 17 

You  had  lately  planted  it  when  I  was  at  your  hovvse.  25  Martii 
161^,— MS.  ff.  48  v.,  54. 

[Refers  to  a  visit  to  Coys.    See  p.  24  and  under  17  Oct.  1621.] 

Cowslipps  2-in-a-hose.  1617 

Double  violet.      Viola  odorata  L.,  fl.  plen. 
Viola  martia  purpurea  multiplex.  9  Apr.  161 8 

At  Sheet.— J/5,  f.  58  v. 

Primula  veris  L.  var.  and  P.  vulgaris  Huds.  var. 
Primula  veris  flore  gemino.  9  Apr.  1618 

Cowslipps  2  in  a  hose  at  Sheet. 
Primrose  2  in  a  hose  at  Sheet. — MS.  f.  56  v. 


no 


JOHN  GOODYER 


A  s  h  w  e  e  d.      ^gopodmm  Podagraria  L. 
Podagria  germanica.    Lo.  700  ;  Herba  Gerardi,  848.    11  Apr.  161 8 
Lungwort,  good  wife  hewes. — MS.  f.  56  v. 

Moonwort.     Botrychium  Ltmaria  Sw. 
Lunaria  minor.  21  Maij  &  i  Junii  16 18 

I  found  it  in  Droxford  in  a  wood  by  Strugnells  in  the 
Thetcher.— f.  55. 

Velvet  Rose.     Rosa  gallica  L. 
Rosa  holoserica.    G.  1085  ;  Lo.  o.  207.  3°  Junii  161 8 

Ch:  Edwards.— f.  57. 

Herb  Paris.     Paris  quadrifolia  L. 
Herba  Paris.    Lo.  267  ;  G.  328.  10  Junii  161 8 

I  sawe  some  with  5  leaves  and  some  with  6  leaves  at  Chawton. — 
MS,  f.  54. 

[This  is  the  first  notice  for  Hants,  but  the  discovery  of  5-  and 
6-leaved  forms  had  been  already  made  by  Sir  John  Salusbury  in 
North  Wales  in  1606.] 

Sheep's  bit  Scabious.      Jasione  montana  L. 
Scabiosa  minima  hirsuta.    G.  585.  7  Julii  161 8 

At  Sheete.— J/5,  f.  57  v. 

Greater  Knapweed.      Centaur e a  Scabiosa  L. 
Jacea  albo  fiore.    G.  589.  18  Julii  1618 

At  Chawlton.— f.  54  v. 

Sea  Holly.     Eryngium  maritimum  L. 
Eryngium  marinum.    G.  999.  20  Julii  161 8 

One  plant  at  Tichfield  Bay. — MS.  f.  53  v. 

K  n  a  w  e  1.      Scleranthus  anmms  L. 
Polygonum  germanis.    Trag.  p.  393.  20  Julii  161 8 

In  a  barren  rye  feild  belowe  Tichfield  Bay  &  is  y^  Parsley  pert 
of  Ger.  p.  453. — MS,  f.  56  v. 

Water  Plantain.     Damasonitim  stellatum  Pers. 
Plantago  aquatica  stellata,    Phitopinax  355  ;  Lo.  301  ;  Deles.  1058. 

30  Julii  1618 

In  Hounslowe  Heath. — MS,  f.  56  v. 

[First  record  for  Britain  (see  2  July  1 633).  In  1723  the  Duke  of 
Argyle  took  in  a  large  part  of  the  Heath  and  planted  it  with  a  large 
collection  of  trees  and  shrubs  from  the  Northern  Colonies.] 

Autumn  Crocus.      Colchiciim  autumnale  L. 
Colchicum  fio.  albo  et  purpureo.  21  Aug.  161 8 

At  Warminster  in  flo:  21  August  1618. — MS,  f.  59. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


III 


?  W  i  1 1  o  w  -  h  e  r  b. 
Lysimachia  forte.  27  Augusti  1618 

Wiltshere.— f.  55. 

D  anewort.      Sambuais  Ebuhis  L. 
Ebulus.    Lo.  o.  164;  G.  1238.  27  Augusti  1618 

At  Venny  Sutton  in  Wiltes  :  it  is  called  Scotts  blood. — MS.  f.  53. 
['  They  call  it  Danes  weede  in  Suffolk,'  Bullein  1562.] 

Brook  weed.      Samohs  Valerandi  L. 
Anagallis  aquatica  tercia.    Lo.  467.  161 8 

By  a  mill  at  Emsworth.— f.  51. 

Willow-herb.      Epilobium  angustifolium  L. 
Chamaenerion  Gesneri.    Lo.  343  ;  G.  386.  161 8 

It  is  called  Willowe  at  Winchester. — MS,  f.  52  v. 

White  Mustard.      Sinapis  alba  L. 
Sinapi  alterum  sativum.    Lo.  ps.  2:  pag.  277.  1618 
White  pepper :  Drox.—  MS.  f.  54  v. 

Lactiica  vivos  a  L. 
Lactuca  silvestris  vera  ingrato  odore.  161 8 

[See  13  Sept.  1621.] 

Musk  Mallow.      Malva  moschata  L. 
Alcea  vulgaris  albo  flore.  [1618] 

At  Mapledurham. — MS.  f.  51. 
Malva  verbenacea.  n.  d. 

'  Mr.  Goodyer  found  the  Vervain  Mallow  with  white  flowers 
growing  plentifully  in  a  close  neere  Maple-Durham  in  Hampshire, 
called  Aldercrofts.' — Ger.  emac.  931. 

[The  first  record  for  Hants.] 

Jack-by-the-Hedge.      Sisymbrium  Alliaria  Scop. 
Alliaria  recentiorum.    Lo.  530  ;  G.  560.  [1*^18] 
At  Droxford.    herbe  John.— f.  51. 

Lentil.     Erviiin  Lens  L. 
Lens  minor.   Lo.  o.  74  ;  G.  1049.  [161 8] 

Droxford.— .^5.  f.  55. 

Nepeta  nuda  L. 

Menthastrum  montanum.  [1618] 
Droxford  in  y^  stone  wall. — MS.  f.  55  v. 

Phytciima  orbicular e  L. 
Rapunculum  silvestre.    Tragi,  p.  726.  [1618I 
Droxford.— ^5.  f.  57. 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Cinnamon  Rose.      Rosa  cimiamomea  L. 
Rosa  cinamonea  simplici  flore.    G.  1086.  [161 8] 

Droxford.— f.  57. 

Wild  Carrot.     Daucus  Carota  L . 
Siser  erraticum  Plinii.  [1618J 
Droxford.— f.  57  v. 

Black  Mullein.      Verbascum  nigrum  L. 
Blattaria  flo.  luteo.    G.  633  ;  Lo.  565.  [16 18] 

I  found  this  wild.— f.  47  v. 

Musk  Thistle.      Car  dims  nutans  L. 
Carduus  viarum  flo.  purpureo.   G.  loii.]  ri6i81 
„     viarum  flo.  albo.    G.  loii.      j  ^ 
We  have  a  kind  here  that  smells  like  muske. — MS.  f.  47  v. 

Car  Una  vulgaris  L. 
Carlina  sylvestris.    Lo.  14;  G.  997  ;  Math.  497.  [i5i8] 
Clusius,  p.  clvi,  hath  ye  figure  of  Carduus  vidgatiss.  viarum^  Lo.  o. 
ao,  for  Carlina  sylvestris.  ||  It  growes  on  our  Chalke  Downes  & 
also  at  Purflet.— fif.  47  v.,  52. 
[See  8  July  1620.] 

Dodder.      Cuscuta  Epithymum  L . 
Cuscuta.    Lo.  427  ;  G.  462.  [1617-18] 
I  have  seene  it  on  furse,  heath,  nettles. — MS.  f.  48. 

„  „      on  furse,  heath,  nettles,  fatches. — MS.  f.  53. 

Walnut.      Juglans  regia  L. 
Nux  Juglans.    Lo.  o.  108  ;  G.  1252.  [1618] 
Forked  at  y®  toppe :  at  Longwood.    Ex  relat.  Daniel  Waite. — 
MS.  f.  55  V. 

[Longwood,  in  the  parish  of  Owslebury,  was  in  the  possession  of 
Richard  Garth,  who  died  seised  of  it  in  1597.] 

Corn  Cockle.     Lychnis  Githago  Scop. 
Pseudomelanthium.    G.  926  ;  Lo.  38.  [1618] 
Crappe.    In  Sussex  about  Cheichester. — MS,  f.  56  v. 

[The  name  Crap  was  formerly  given  to  various  weeds  growing 
among  corn.    Withering  applied  it  to  Rye  Grass  and  Buckwheat.] 

Purging  Flax.      Linum  catharticum  L. 
Linum  silvestre  catharticum.    Mil-mountaine.  2  July  1619 

It  riseth  up  from  a  small  white  threddy  crooked  root,  sometime 
with  one,  but  most  commonly  with  five  or  six  or  more  round  stalks, 
about  a  foot  or  nine  inches  high,  of  a  browne  or  reddish  color, 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


every  stalk  dividing  it  selfc  neerc  the  top,  or  from  the  middle 
upward  into  many  parts  or  branches  of  a  greener  colour  than  the 
lower  part  of  the  stalke :  the  leaves  are  small,  smooth,  of  colour 
green,  of  the  bignes  of  Lentill  leaves,  and  have  in  the  middle  one 
rib  or  sinew,  and  no  more  that  may  bee  perceived,  &  grow  alongst 
the  stalke  in  very  good  order  by  couples,  one  opposite  against  the 
other :  at  the  tops  of  the  small  branches  grow  the  flowers,  of 
a  white  colour,  consisting  of  five  small  leaves  apiece,  the  nailes 
whereof  are  yellow :  in  the  inside  are  placed  small  short  chives 
also  of  a  yellow  colour,  after  which  come  up  little  knobs  or  buttons, 
the  top  whereof  when  the  seede  is  ripe  divideth  it  selfe  into  five 
parts  ;  wherein  is  contained  small,  smooth,  flat,  slippery,  yellow 
seed :  when  the  seed  is  ripe  the  herbe  perisheth ;  the  whole  herbe 
is  of  a  bitter  taste,  and  herby  smell.  It  groweth  plentifully  in 
the  unmanured  inclosures  of  Hampshire,  on  chalkie  downs,  &  on 
Purfleet  hils  in  Essex,  and  in  many  other  places.  It  riseth  forth 
of  the  ground  at  the  beginning  of  the  Spring,  and  flowereth  all  the 
sommer.  — 6^^r.  emac.  559. 

[For  the  rest  of  Goodyer's  description  see  p.  21.] 

Squi  nancy  wort.     Asperula  Cynanchica  L. 
Synanchica.  3  Aug.  16 19 

This  herbe  groweth  in  y®  inclosures  of  Hampshire  in  drie 
Chalkie  grounds.  The  root  is  crooked,  blackish  without,  yellow 
underneath  the  skinne,  white  within  that  and  wooddie ;  about  five 
or  six  inches  long,  with  many  hairy  strings :  from  the  root  arise 
many  foure-square  branches  trailing  upon  the  ground,  sometimes 
reddish  towards  the  root :  the  leaves  are  small  and  sharpe  pointed, 
like  [those  of]  Gallium,  and  grow  along  the  stalke,  on  certaine 
knees  or  ioints,  foure  or  5  together,  sometimes  fewer :  from  those 
knees  the  stalk  divideth  it  selfe  towards  the  toppe  into  many  parts, 
whereon  grow  many  flowers,  each  flower  having  foure  leaves, 
sometimes  white,  sometimes  of  a  flesh  colour,  and  every  leafe  of 
these  flesh  coloured  leaves  is  artificially  straked  in  the  middle,  and 
neere  the  sides  with  three  lines  of  a  deeper  red,  of  no  pleasant 
smell  ;  after  which  commeth  the  seed  something  round,  growing 
two  together  like  stones.  It  flowereth  all  the  sommer. — MS, 
f.  81  ;  Gcr.  emac.  11 20. 

[In  the  printed  version  the  date  is  given  as  13  August,  and  either 
Goodyer  or  his  editor  has  added  an  account  of  the  Verttce.  'It  dries 
without  biting,  and  it  is  excellent  against  squinancies,  either  taken 
inwardly  or  applied  outwardly,  for  which  cause  they  have  called  it 
Synaftchica,  Hist.  Ltigd.'*^ 

I 


114 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Water    Parsnip.  A pium    nodiflorum    Reichb.  f. 
and  Caucalis  nodosa  Scop. 
Sium  repens.  27  Aug.  1619 

Hath  longe  plaine  and  smoothe  leaves,  made  and  fashioned  like 
the  leaves  of  the  Ash  havinge  comonlie  4  or  5  small  leaves 
growinge  on  ech  side  of  the  midle  ribbe  directlie  one  against 
another,  snipt  about  the  edges,  amongst  which  come  forth  a  round 
chamfered  or  furrowed  hollowe  stalk,  of  the  bignes  of  a  thumbe, 
browne  or  reddish  neare  the  root,  4  or  5  foot  longe,  devided  at  the 
ioyntes  or  knees  into  many  p[ar]tes  or  braunches  ymediatlie  from 
the  root  even  to  the  toppe  whereon  growe  the  leaves  without  order 
like  the  former  but  shorter,  nowe  and  then  of  a  browne  colour 
both  above  and  underneath,  of  a  stronge  smell  as  is  the  whole 
plant,  the  flowers  are  white  and  many  in  number  consisting  of 
5  sharpe  pointed  leaves  apeece,  growinge  at  the  ioynts  or  devidinge 
of  the  stalkes,  on  short  stems  umbell  fashion,  after  the  manner  of 
Caucalis  nodosa  echinato  semine  Bauhmi,  The  stalks  creape  or 
run  on  the  water,  river  or  diches  bankes,  and  hamper  or  matt  them 
selves  fast  together,  (contrarie  to  both  those  before  mentioned, 
which  growe  upright  and  beare  their  flowers  and  seed  at  the  topps 
of  their  stalks  and  branches).  The  flowers  past;  there  appeareth 
the  seed,  two  ioyned  together  at  the  first  greene  when  it  is  ripe 
of  a  browne  colour  like  to  parsley  seed,  of  a  stronge  tast  but  not 
plesant.  The  root  is  compacted  of  white  threddie  stringes  infinite 
in  number  for  the  most  parte  as  small  as  haires  growinge  or 
creepinge  at  the  bottome  of  the  water  within  the  mire  or  marish 
ground,  wherby  it  infinitely  increaseth.  The  leaves  of  this  plant 
growe  greene  in  or  above  the  water  all  the  yere  winter  and  somen 
This  groweth  plentifullie  by  the  lakes  and  rivers  sides  at  Droxford 
in  Hampshire. — MS.  f.  82. 

Dewberry.     Rubiis  caesiiis  L. 
Rubus  repens  fructu  caesio.  6  Sept.  1619 

This  hath  a  round  stalke  set  full  of  small  crooked  and  very 
sharpe  pricking  thornes,  and  creepeth  on  hedges  and  low  bushes  of 
a  great  length,  on  the  upper  side  of  a  light  red  colour,  and  under- 
neath greene,  and  taketh  root  with  the  tops  of  the  trailing  branches, 
whereby  it  doth  mightily  encrease :  the  leaves  grow  without  order, 
composed  of  three  leaves,  and  sometimes  of  five,  or  else  the  two 
lower  leaves  are  divided  into  two  parts,  as  Hop  leaves  are  now 
and  then,  of  a  light  greene  colour  both  above  and  underneath. 
The  flowers  grow  on  the  tops  of  the  branches,  7'aceniatim^  many 
together,  sometimes  white,  sometimes  of  a  very  light  purple  colour, 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


every  flower  containing  five  leaves,  which  are  crompled  or  wrinkled, 
and  do  not  grow  plaine  :  the  fruit  followes,  first  green,  and  after- 
wards blew,  everie  berry  composed  of  one  or  two  graines,  seldome 
obove  foure  or  five  growing  together,  about  the  bignesse  of  corans ; 
wherein  is  contained  a  stony  hard  kernell  or  seed,  and  a  iuyce  of 
the  colour  of  Claret  wine,  contrarie  to  the  common  Rubus  or 
Bramble,  whose  leaves  are  white  underneath :  the  berries  being 
ripe  are  of  a  shining  blacke  colour,  and  every  berry  containes 
usually  above  forty  graines  closely  compacted  and  thrust  together. 
The  root  is  wooddy  and  lasting.  This  growes  common  enough  in 
most  places,  and  too  common  in  ploughed  fields. — Ger.  emac. 
1271-2. 

Lesser  Celandine.     Ranuncuhis  Ficaria  L. 
Chelidonium  minus,  Lo.  593,  Ger.  669.  10  March  1620 

Inc.  fl.  [flowers  open]  10  Marcii  1620. — MS.  f.  52  V. 

Dandelion.      Taraxacum  officinale  Willd. 
Dens  leonis  vulgi,  Lo.  232,  Ger.  228.  10  March  1620 

Inc.  fl.  [flowers  open]  10  Marcii  1620. — MS.  f.  53. 

Marsh   Parsley   Dropwort.      Oenanthe  Lachenalii 
Gmel. 

Oenanthe  angustifolia  Lob.    Obs.  p.  420.  19  May  1620 

[Identified  by  Druce  as  the  first  British  Record.] 
This  19  of  May  1620  I  found  this  wild  in  East  Hoo  in  ye  parish 
of  Subberton  about  7  miles  from  Petersfield  in  Hampshire  in  a 
hedgerowe  about  a  flightshott  from  ye  then  dwelling  house  of 
Mr.  William  Browne  on  ye  south  part  of  ye  said  house  and  ye 
18  of  June  1620  I  saw  it  there  in  flower. — G.  quoted  by  How  in 
MS.  note  to  Phytologia,  p.  81. 

[Merrett,  Pi?tax,  p.  84,  gives  the  locality  as  East  How.  Druce  gives 
the  date  as  28  June,  but  the  figure  is  more  like  18.] 

Lungwort.     Pulmonaria  angustifolia  L. 
Pulmonaria  foliis  Echii.  25  May  1620 

Found,  May  25  Anno  1620  flowering  in  a  Wood  by  Holbury 
House  in  the  New  Forest  in  Hampshire. —  Ger,  emac.  809. 

Linaria  minor  Desf. 
Antirrhinum  minus.  20  Junii  1620 

The  stalks  are  small,  round,  hairy  &  branched,  about  4  or  5 
ynches  high,  ye  leaves  are  small,  smooth,  blunt  topped  &  like 
to  Hissope  leaves,  y®  flowers  are  small  fashioned  like  ye  greate 
Antirrhinum,  ye  upper  leaves  whereof  are  of  an  ill  favored  purple 
color,  &  ye  under  leaves  somewhat  whitish,  havinge  a  very  little 

I  2 


ii6 


JOHN  GOODYER 


taile  like  to  larkes  spur,  seed  followeth  contayned  in  a  husk 
which  is  somethinge  longe.  The  root  is  small  whitish  &  threddy. — 
MS.  f.  83. 

Sium  erectwn  Huds. 
Pastinaca  aquatica  minor.    Sium  odoratum  Tragi.        ^  Julij  1620 
figura  in  hist,  lug:  p.  701.    Apium  palustre  Fuchsii. 

The  leaves  and  footstalkes  that  growe  in  the  water  by  them 
selves  distant  from  the  stalk  are  about  2  foot  longe,  reddish, 
spongie,  smooth,  on  the  upper  parte  whereof  on  ech  side  of  the 
midle  ribbe  groweth  nine  or  ten  broad  short  smooth  sharpe  pointed 
leaves  and  opposite  against  another,  fast  to  the  midle  ribbe  without 
any  footstalk  notched  about  the  edges,  and  one  alone  at  the  toppe 
of  the  footstalk,  which  leaves  are  of  a  browne  colour ;  amongest 
which  Cometh  uppe  a  small  round  hoUowe  ioynted  stalk  about 
3  foot  high,  no  bigger  then  a  parsley  stalk,  reddish  towards  the 
root,  finely  straked,  not  deeply  champfered,  devided  into  many 
partes  towards  the  toppe,  on  ech  ioynt  groweth  one  leafe  more 
notched  and  devided  then  the  former,  and  those  towards  the  toppe 
of  the  stalk  have  fewer  leaves  growinge  on  the  sides  of  the  midle 
ribbe  then  the  lower,  and  of  a  lighter  greene.  The  flowers  growe 
on  the  topps  of  the  braunches  in  umbells,  of  colour  white,  everie 
flower  havinge  five  very  small  leaves  devided  into  two  pts  at  the 
toppe,  the  flowers  past  the  seed  followeth,  w^^  is  small  very  like  to 
parsley  seed.  The  root  is  verie  full  of  white  hairy  threddes,  and 
putteth  forth  by  the  sides  newe  springes  or  shootes  whereby  it 
encreaseth.  The  whole  herbe  doth  yeld  a  stronge  savor,  like  to 
Petrolium.  This  groweth  plentifullie  in  the  River  by  Droxford  in 
Hampshire.— f.  82  v. 

Phyteuma  orbicidare  L. 
Rapunculum  silvestre  Trago.  p.  726.    Phyto.  137  (4). 

5*''  Julij  &  27  Augusti  1620 
This  hath  6  or  7  leaves  with  footstalks  square  abroad  uppon  the 
ground,  in  forme  like  those  of  ye  wild  March  violett,  but  much 
smaller,  finely  indented  about  ye  edges,  amongst  which  riseth  uppe 
a  small,  round  straked  stalk,  not  so  bigg  as  a  strawe,  sometimes 
of  a  browne  color,  seldome  a  foot  high  whereon  growe  very  small, 
narrowe,  sharpe  pointed  leaves,  without  footstalks  at  ye  toppe  of  ye 
stalk  groweth  one  blewe  flower  tendinge  to  purple,  almost  round  and 
sometimes  somewhat  longe,  like  those  of  ye  comon  Trefoile,  com- 
posed of  abundance  of  small  crooked  flowers,  ech  crooked  flower 
beinge  devided  into  two  parts  at  ye  toppe.    After  which  follow 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


117 


[  ]  seeds  contayned  in  small  husks.     Ye  root  is  white 

growinge  deepe  into  ye  ground,  nine  or  ten  ynches  longe  whereof 

2  or  3  ynches  of  ye  upp  part  is  very  small,  and  sometimes  devided 
into  more  hedds  than  one.  Ye  midle  part  is  Rampion-like,  as 
bigge  as  a  goose  quill,  the  whole  herbe  &  root  beinge  broken  or 
cut  doth  yeld  a  white  iuyce  like  milke. — MS.  f.  84. 

[Dr.  Stapf  points  out  that  P.  spicatum  with  which  this  plant  has 
been  identified  has  white  flowers.] 

Bartsia  odontites  Huds. 
Eufrasia  altera  Dodo.  5*°  Julij  &  1%  Augusti  1620 

This  sendeth  forth  from  a  small  threddie,  hard,  crooked  root,  one 
4  square,  upright  hard  rough  stalk,  about  9  ynches  or  a  foot  high, 
devided  into  many  branches,  which  are  sett  one  opposite  against 
another,  ye  leaves  are  small,  rough,  sharpe  pointed,  indented  about 
ye  edges,  comonly  hanginge  or  bowinge  downewards,  growinge  by 
cooples,  also  one  opposite  against  another,  ye  flowers  are  many 
hooded  and  growe  but  one  side  of  ye  branches  and  stalks,  of 
a  reddish  color,  with  yealowish  cheives  in  ye  midle,  after  which 
Cometh  a  small  round  seed  vessell,  neare  as  bigge  as  a  wheate  corne, 
wherein  is  contayned  [ends  abruptly]. — MS.  f.  84. 

Bastard  Toadflax.      Thesium  htimifustim  DC. 
Anthyllis  montana.   hist.  lug.  p.  11 50.    Phyto:  403.  15.   an  Anony- 
mos  Clus:  p.  324.  5  Julij  1620  et  citius  et  27  Augusti  1620 

[First  record  for  Britain  of  the  only  species  of  the  Sandalwood 
family  known  in  Britain.] 
This  hath  many  very  small  round,  cornered  branches  sometimes 
17  or  18  from  one  root,  which  are  devided  into  branches,  growinge 
close  uppon  ye  ground,  sometimes  7  or  8  ynches  longe,  whereon 
growe  very  small  narrowe,  thick  leaves  out  of  order,  one  after,  not 
one  against  another,  of  a  ^  or  yealowish  greene  color,  as  are  also  ye 
branches,  of  a  salt  tast,  neare  ye  topps  of  ye  branches  on  short  foot- 
stalks growe  leaves  smaller  then  ye  other,  3  allwaies  together 
whereof  one  is  longer  then  ye  other  two,  in  ye  midst  of  these 

3  leaves  groweth  one  small  white  flower,  havinge  5  sharpe  pointed 
leaves,  spreadinge  wide  open  starr  fashion,  in  ye  midle  whereof 
groweth  7  small  short  cheives,  with  pale  yealowe  topps,  after 
Cometh  one  small  long  round  harde  husk,  contayninge  a  seed 
which  is  white  within.  The  root  is  small  white,  crooked,  short, 
devided  into  branches  &  threddie  and  is  perennis. — MS.  f.  84. 

^  The  word  '  pale '  is  struck  out  here,  and  the  word  substituted  looks  like 
*  nervie 


ii8 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Linaria  adulterina.  n.  d. 

Johnson  states  that  '  Mr.  Goodyer  found  it  growing  wilde  on  the 
side  of  a  chalkie  hill  in  an  inclosure  on  the  right  hand  of  the  way, 
as  you  goe  from  Droxford  to  Poppie  Hill  in  Hampshire'. — Ger, 
emac.  555. 

Dwarf  Thistle.      Car  dims  acaiilis  L. 
Carduus  acaulis  septentrionalium  L^'obelii.    8°  Julij  &  5  Sept.  1620 
Ger.  non  habet. 

It  hath  many  greene  short  narrowe  leaves,  somewhat  hairie, 
spread  abroad  uppon  the  ground,  seldome  above  six  ynches  longe, 
parted  or  gashed  even  to  the  midle  ribbe,  sett  with  sharpe  prickles : 
amongst  which  groweth  one  (sometimes  more)  scaly  head  without 
prickles,  with  a  thrum  of  purple  flowers  which  are  nothinge  but 
small  cheives,  and  after  turne  into  downe,  contayninge  gray  seed 
within  :  theis  hedds  growe  close  to  the  ground  comonly  without  any 
stalk,  yet  sometimes  havinge  a  small  smooth  footstalk  3  or  4  ynches 
longe.  The  root  is  small  crooked  scragged,  with  many  out  grow- 
inge  branches,  reddish  in  the  midle,  and  of  longe  continewance.  ||  It 
groweth  wild  on  the  Chalkie  downes  of  Hampsheire  plentifullie ; 
and  also  at  Purflett  in  Essex. — MS,  f.  105. 
[See  1618.] 

Common  Cowwheat.     Melampyrum  sylvaticum  L. 
Melampirum  luteum  latifolium.    Phyto.  .444  (3).    Pin.  234  (a.  4). 
Crategonon,  Lob.  icon.  p.  36.    Parietaria  silvestris,  2  Clus.  p.  xliiij. 
Ger.  p.  84  (2).  22  Julij  &  22  Augusti  1620 

It  hath  a  stalk  about  a  cubit  high,  round  close  by  ye  root 
4  square  above,  spreading  it  selfe  abroad,  often  of  a  browne  redd 
color  on  ye  upper  side,  ioynted,  devided  ymediatly  from  ye  root 
into  branches,  alwaies  one  branch  growinge  right  against  another, 
under  which  branches  growe  ye  leaves,  also  one  opposite  against 
another,  ye  brodest  and  lowest  are  about  3  ynches  longe,  &  one 
ynch  broad,  smooth  nothinge  at  all  notched  by  the  sides,  of  a  darke 
greene  color,  of  an  unpleasant  an  harsh  tast,  ye  flowers  growe  neare 
ye  toppes  of  ye  branches,  amongst  smaller  iagged  leaves,  and 
opposite  against  another,  yet  ye  topps  hang  downwards  &  ioyne 
neare  together  of  a  yealowe  color,  which  when  they  begin  to  wither 
are  whitish,  ye  mouth  not  withstanding  remayninge  yealowe,  after 
which  followeth  broad,  flatt,  sharpe  pointed  seed  vessells,  wherein 
is  contayned  2  or  3  seeds  like  wheate  cornes. 

The  root  is  small,  whitish  and  threedie,  and  dieth  at  winter. — 
MS.  f.  83  V. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS  119 

XcrantheimiDi  anmmvi  L. 
Ptaimica  imperati.  26  Julii  1620 

Ptarmica  Austriaca  species  Clusii. 

This  riseth  uppe  with  a  small  hard  tough  cornered  whitish 
woolly  stalk,  devided  into  many  branches,  and  those  againe  devided 
into  other  branches  like  those  of  Cyanus  about  two  foot  high, 
whereon  grow  long  narrow  whitish  cottonie  leaves  out  of  order,  of 
a  bitter  taste,  whiter  below  than  above,  of  the  colour  of  the  leaves 
of  Wormwood,  having  but  one  rib  or  sinew  &  that  in  the  midle 
of  the  4eafe,  and  commonly  turne  downewards  :  on  the  top  of  each 
slender  branch  groweth  one  small  scalie  head  or  knap,  like  that  of 
Cyaniis,  which  bringeth  forth  a  pale  purple  flower  without  smell, 
containing  sixe,  seven,  eight,  or  more,  small  hard  drie  sharp 
pointed  leaves  :  in  the  midle  whereof  groweth  many  stifife  chives, 
their  tops  being  of  the  colour  of  the  flowers ;  these  flowers  fall  not 
away  till  the  whole  hearbe  perisheth,  but  change  into  a  rustic 
colour :  amongst  those  chives  grow  long  flat  blackish  seed,  with 
a  little  beard  at  the  toppe.  The  root  is  small,  whitish,  hard  and 
threddie,  and  perisheth  when  the  seed  is  ripe,  and  soone  springeth 
up  by  the  fallinge  of  the  seed,  and  remaineth  greene  all  the  Winter, 
and  at  the  Spring  sendeth  foorth  a  stalke  as  aforesaid.  The  herbe 
touched  or  rubbed  sendeth  forth  a  pleasant  aromaticall  smell. — 
MS.  f.  92  :  Ger.  emac.  606-7. 

Senecio  sarracenictts  L. 
Herba  Doria  altera.  26  July  1620 

This  herbe  groweth  uppe  with  a  greene  round  brittle  stalke,  very 
much  champhered,  sinewed,  or  furrowed ;  about  4  or  5  foot  high, 
full  of  white  pith  like  that  of  Elder,  and  sendeth  forth  small  branches  : 
the  leaves  growe  on  the  stalk  out  of  order,  &  are  smooth,  sharpe 
pointed,  in  shape  resembling  those  of  Herba  Doria,  but  much 
shorter  and  narrower,  the  broadest  and  longest  seldome  being 
above  10  or  11  inches  long,  and  scarce  3  inches  broad,  and  are 
more  finely  and  smally  nickt  or  indented  about  the  edges ;  their 
smell  being  nothing  pleasant,  but  rather  when  together  with  the 
stalke  they  are  broken  and  rubbed  yeeld  forth  a  smell  having 
a  small  touch  of  the  smell  of  Hemlocke.  Out  of  the  bosomes  of 
these  leaves  spring  other  smaller  leaves  or  branches.  The  flowers 
are  many,  and  grow  on  small  branches  at  the  tops  of  the  stalkes 
like  those  of  Herba  Doria,  but  more  like  those  of  lacobcea,  of 
a  yealow  colour,  as  well  the  middle  button,  as  the  small  leaves  that 
stand  round  about,  every  flower  having  commonly  8  of  those  small 
leaves.    Which  being  past  the  button  turneth  into  downe  and 


JOHN  GOODYER 


containeth  a  very  small  long  seed  which  flieth  away  with  the 
winde.  The  root  is  nothing  else  but  an  infinite  of  small  strings 
which  most  hurtfullie  spread  in  the  ground,  and  by  their  infinite 
increasinge  destroyeth  and  starveth  other  herbes  that  grow  neare 
it.  Its  naturall  place  of  growing  I  know  not,  ||  for  I  had  it  from 
M'^.  lo/ifi  Coys,  and  yet  keep  it  growing  in  my  garden. — MS.  ff.  83, 
92  ;  Ger.  emac.  431. 

[The  sentence  after  the  H  is  written  in  a  hand  that  I  believe  to  be 
that  of  the  editor,  Thomas  Johnson.] 

Jasonia  tuber osa  DC. 
Aster  conyzoides  Gesneri. 

[Goodyer's  note  in  Latin  on  this  plant  {MS.  f.  83  v.)  is  copied  from 
Lobel,  Observatioftes,  (1576)  p.  189.] 

Echmochloa  Crtis-galli  Beauv. 
Panicum  sylvestre.    Sheet.  10  Augusti  1620 

Hath  very  many  ioynted  stalks,  2  foot  high  or  higher,  whereof 
some  growe  upright,  and  some  growe  sidelonge  &  leane  towards 
ye  earth,  the  leaves  are  longe  &  smooth  not  hairie.  On  ye  toppe 
of  ye  stalks  growe  spikes  or  eares,  sometimes  single  but  comonly 
devided  into  many  parts,  lesser  shorter  &  thinner  than  those  of 
Panick,  everie  one  whereof  is  composed  of  small  short  sharpe 
pointed  husks,  of  a  browne  redd  color  sometimes  of  a  greenish 
color,  not  [words  illegible]  ye  stem  on  rib  whereon  they  growe,  but 
growinge  on  ye  outer  side  thereof ;  wherein  is  a  whitish  seed, 
somewhat  hard,  lesse  then  those  of  Panick.  The  root  is  nothinge 
els  but  white  strings. — MS.  f.  83  v. 

B  a  s  i  1.      Ocimum  Basilicum  L. 
Acinos  [odoratissimum].  12  Augusti  1620  &  longe  before. 

Phyto:  427  (4).  Ger.  548  .  2.  Math.  595  (i). 

It  hath  manie  fower  square  hairie  stalks  proceedinge  from  the 
root,  sometimes  two  foot  longe  or  longer,  parted  into  a  fewe 
branches,  the  leaves  growe  on  the  ioynts,  in  wide  distances  by 
cooples  one  opposite  against  another,  in  forme  like  those  of  wild 
Margerom  but  smaller  and  are  hairie,  rough,  lighthe  snipt  or 
indented  about  the  edges :  the  flowers  are  purple  &  resemble  those 
of  Betonie,  but  of  a  lighter  purple  colour  and  growe  forth  of  rough 
round  whorles  or  crownetts  close  above  the  leaves,  and  one  allwaies 
at  the  toppe  of  the  stalk  and  branches,  in  forme  like  those  of 
Horehound.  The  flowers  past  the  seed  followeth  inclosed  in  those 
whorles.    The  root  is  small  threedie  &  lastinge. — MS.  fif.  83  V.,  84. 

[This  description  differs  essentially  from  that  printed  in  Gerard. 
Sec  II  Oct.  162 1.] 


DESCRirTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


121 


Corn  Parsley.     Carum  segetum^  Benth. 
Sium  siifoliis.   Hone- wort.  i8  August  1620 

^  The  Description. 

This  hcrbe  commeth  up  at  the  first  from  seed  like  Parsley,  with 
two  small  long  narrow  leaves,  the  next  that  spring  are  two  small 
round  smooth  leaves  nickt  about  the  edges,  and  so  for  two  or  three 
couples  of  leaves  of  the  next  growth  there  are  such  round  leaves 
growing  on  a  middle  rib  by  couples,  and  one  round  one,  also  at  the 
top :  after  as  more  leaves  spring  up,  so  the  fashion  of  them  also 
change,  that  is  to  say,  every  leafe  hath  about  eight  or  nine  small 
smooth  greene  leaves,  growing  on  each  side  of  a  middle  rib  one 
opposite  against  another,  and  one  growing  by  it  selfe  at  the  top, 
and  are  finely  snipt  or  indented  about  the  edges,  in  forme  re- 
sembling those  of  Sitim  odoratum  Tragi^  but  not  so  bigge^  long,  or 
at  all  brownish  ;  amongst  which  rise  up  many  small  round  straked 
stalkes  or  branches,  about  two  foot  long,  now  and  then  above 
twenty  from  one  root,  sometimes  growing  upright,  sometimes 
creeping  not  farre  from  the  ground,  joynted  or  kneed,  and  dividing 
themselves  into  very  many  branches,  at  every  joynt  groweth  one 
leafe  smaller  than  the  former,  which  together  with  the  lowermost 
perish,  so  that  there  is  seldome  one  greene  leafe  to  be  seen  on  this 
herbe  when  the  seed  is  ripe ;  the  flowers  are  white,  and  grow  most 
commonly  at  the  tops  of  the  branches,  sometimes  at  most  of  the 
joynts  even  from  the  earth,  in  uneven  or  unorderly  umbells,  every 
flower  having  five  exceeding  small  leaves,  flat,  and  broad  at  the 
toppe,  and  in  the  middle  very  small  cheives  with  purple  tops,  the 
whole  flower  not  much  exceeding  the  bignesse  of  a  small  pins  head, 
which  being  past  there  commeth  up  in  the  place  of  every  flower 
two  small  gray  crooked  straked  seeds,  like  Parsley  seeds,  but 
bigger,  in  taste  hot  and  aromaticall.  The  root  is  small  and 
whitish,  with  many  threds  not  so  big  as  Parsley  roots.  It  beginneth 
to  flower  about  the  beginning  of  luly,  &  so  continues  flowering 
a  long  time  ;  part  of  the  seed  is  ripe  in  August,  and  some  scarce 
in  the  beginning  of  October,  mean  while  some  falleth  wherby 
it  renueth  it  selfe,  and  groweth  with  flourishing  greene  leaves  all 
the  winter. 

I  tooke  the  description  of  this  herbe  the  yeere  1620,  but 
observed  it  long  before,  not  knowing  any  name  for  it :  first  I  re- 
fered  it  to  Sium^  calling  it,  Sium  tcrrestre,  and  Sium  segetum 
&  agrorum  ;  afterwards  upon  sight  of  Selinum  peregriiiiun  primum 
Clusii,  which  in  some  respects  resembleth  this  herbe,  I  named  it 


122 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Seli7ium  Sij  folijs  ;  yet  wanting  an  English  name,  at  length  about 
the  yeere  1625  I  saw  Mistris  Vrstila  Leigh  (then  servant  to 
Mistris  Bilso7i  of  Mapledurham  in  Hampshire,  and  now  (5  Marcif 
1632  wife  to  Master  William  Mooring  Schoolemaster  of  Peters- 
field,  a  Towne  neere  the  said  Mapledurham)  gather  it  in  the 
wheate  ershes  about  Mapledurham  aforesaid  (where  in  such  like 
grounds  it  still  groweth,  especially  in  clay  grounds)  who  told  me  it 
was  called  Honewort. — Ger.  emac.  1017-18. 

[The  remainder  of  the  description  has  been  printed  on  p.  53.] 

Yellow  Bird's-nest.    Monotropa  Hypopithys  L. 
Orobanche  verbasculi  odore,  MS.  Good:  22  August  1620 

This  riseth  up  with  a  soft  round  very  brittle  stalk,  seldome 
8  ynches  high,  sett  with  thinn  small  short  scaly  leaves  like  skynns 
growing  close  to  the  stalk,  at  or  very  near  ye  top  of  ye  stalk 
groweth  one  sometimes  4  or  5  small  flowers  in  fashion  like  ye 
flowers  of  Hyosciamns  hiteus  or  of  y©  Cowslip  every  flower  con- 
sisting of  4,  but  most  commonly  of  5  leaves,  growing  all  of  one 
height,  evenly  &  of  one  proportion,  &  nothing  like  those  of 
Orobanche.  In  ye  middle  of  every  flower  groweth  a  small  round 
umbo,  no  further  out  but  just  even  with  ye  leaves,  broad  at  ye  top, 
with  a  small  hoale  in  the  middle,  and  ye  lower  end  of  which  groweth 
at  ye  bottome  of  ye  flower  round,  as  bigge  as  a  pease,  so  that  it 
resembleth  y®  suckbottle  which  children  use  to  suck  their  drinke 
out  of,  having  small  cheives  growing  round  about  it  with  purplish 
tops.  The  root  is  obtuse,  not  usually  so  bigge  as  ye  stalk,  with 
very  few  threeds  growing  to  it,  &  groweth  at  ye  very  upper  face 
of  ye  earth.  The  whole  herbe,  flowers  stalks  &  leaves  are  at 
their  first  flowring  of  a  whitish  yealowe,  or  strawe  colour,  and  being 
broken  or  brused  smelleth  like  to  ye  roote  of  a  Primrose.  This 
I  found  in  a  hedgerowe  in  a  ground  belonging  to  Droxford  farme, 
neare  ye  foot  path  that  leadeth  from  Droxford  to  Waltham,  and 
took  this  Description  ye  22  of  August  1620. 

[This  copy  of  a  lost  note  of  G.'s  is  written  on  the  back  of  f.  249  of 
Bannister's  Herbarium  Szcctim^  (Herb.  Sloane)  in  the  Botanical  De- 
partment of  the  British  Museum,  to  which  my  attention  was  drawn  by 
Mr.  J.  Britten. 

A  similar  description  evidently  derived  from  this  same  description 
and  an  engraving  of  the  plant  are  given  by  Plot,  Nat.  Hist,  of  Oxford- 
shire, 1677,  p.  146,  who  was  the  first  to  find  this  plant  in  Oxfordshire. 
Plot  gives  the  number  of  flowers  as  '  eight  or  ten':  he  adds  that  'It 
grows  at  the  bottoms  of  Trees  in  the  woods  near  Stoken-Church,  and 
we  find  it  mention'd  in  some  MS.  notes  of  the  famous  Mr.  Goodyer'.] 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


J  23 


Toothwort.      Lathraea  sqtiamaria  L. 
Anblatum  Dod.  in  fol.  p.  553  ;  Math.  689  (9).  15  Apr.  1621 

Dentaria  maior  sine  a^uXAo?  Clus:  p.  cxx. 

From  the  root  riseth  uppe  2  or  3  sometimes  more  slender  brickie 
stalks,  hairy  &  full  of  iuyce,  like  those  of  Orobanche,  6  or  7  ynches 
longe,  garnished  with  many  flowers  thick  sett  together  not  much 
unlike  those  of  Satyrion  or  Orobanche,  which  doe  all  bend  or  looke 
that  way  which  the  stalk  bendeth  or  leaneth.  On  ye  back  side  growe 
2  rowes  of  leaves,  or  rather  small  whitish  skinne-like  scales,  and 
also  amongst  ye  flowers  there  growe  the  like  leaves  :  the  flowers 
past  there  come  small  hedds  wherein  is  contayned  very  small  s  eed 
the  stalk  soone  perisheth,  and  leaveth  the  root  in  y®  ground  which 
is  composed  of  whitish  scales  like  teeth.  The  stalks  and  flowers 
when  they  growe  in  darke  shadowie  woods,  are  of  a  purplish  color, 
but  when  they  growe  where  the  sunne  cometh  on  them,  they  have 
no  purple  at  all. 

The  scales  on  the  root  are  not  sharpe  pointed  as  Clusius,  Lobel 
&  Dodo:  pictureth  them,  but  round  topped,  as  Math:  hath  best  of 
all  by  his  figure  expressed  them. — MS.  f.  87. 

[This  note  is  written  on  the  back  of  an  uncompleted  order  to  the 
Overseers  of  the  Poor,  dated  Southwick  162 1.] 

Cachryes.  28  Apr.  1621 

[See  under  9  May  1622.] 

Juniper.     Jtmipei'tts  communis  L.or^ 
luniperus  sterilis.  15  Maii  1621 

This  shrub  is  in  the  manner  of  growing  altogether  like  the 
Juniper  tree  that  beareth  berries,  only  the  upper  part  of  the  leaves 
of  the  youngest  and  tenderest  bowes  and  branches  are  of  a  more 
reddish  greene  colour :  the  flowers  grow  forth  of  the  bosoms  of  the 
leaves,  of  a  yellowish  colour,  which  never  exceed  three  in  one  row, 
the  number  also  of  each  row  of  leaves  :  each  flower  is  like  to 
a  small  bud,  more  long  than  round,  never  growing  to  the  length 
of  a  quarter  of  an  inch,  being  nothing  else  but  very  small  short 
crudely  chives,  very  thicke  and  close  thrust  together,  fastened  to 
a  very  small  middle  stem,  in  the  end  turning  into  small  dust,  which 
flieth  away  with  the  winde,  not  much  unlike  that  of  Taxus  sterilis  : 
on  this  shrub  is  never  found  any  fruit. — Ger.  emac.  1629. 

Curly  Pondweed.    Potamogeton  crispus  L. 
Tribulus  aquaticus  minor,  quercus  floribus  [uvae].        2  Junii  1621 
This  water  herbe  bringeth  forth  from  the  root,  thin,  flat,  knottie 
stalkes,  of  a  reddish  colour,  two  or  three  cubits  long,  or  longer, 
according  to  the  depth  of  the  water  (which  when  they  are  drie,  are 


124 


JOHN  GOODYER 


pliant  and  bowing)  devided  towards  the  top  into  many  parts  or 
branches,  bearing  but  one  leafe  at  every  ioynt,  sometimes  two 
ynches  long,  and  halfe  an  ynch  broad,  thin,  and  as  it  were  shining, 
so  wrinckled  and  crompled  by  the  sides  that  it  seemeth  to  be 


POTAMOGETON  CRISPUS. 

torne,  of  a  reddish  greene  colour :  the  foot-stalkes  are  something 
long  and  thicke,  and  rise  up  from  amongst  those  leaves,  which 
alwaies  grow  two  one  opposite  against  another,  in  a  contrarie  manner 
to  those  that  grow  below  on  the  stalk :  neare  the  top  of  which 
foot-stalke  groweth  small  grape-like  huskes,  out  of  which  spring 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


very  small  reddish  flowers,  like  those  of  the  Oke,  every  flower 
having  foure  very  small  round  topped  leaves.  After  every  flower 
commeth  commonly  foure  sharpc  pointed  graines  growing  together, 
containing  within  them  a  little  white  kernell.  The  lower  part  of 
the  stalke  hath  at  every  ioint  small  white  threddie  roots,  somewhat 


POTAMOGETON  DENSUS. 


long,  whereby  it  taketh  hold  in  the  mudde,  and  draweth  nourish- 
ment unto  it.  The  whole  plant  is  comonlie  covered  over  with 
water.  It  flowereth  in  June  and  the  beginning  of  July.  I  found  it 
in  the  standing  pooles  or  fish-ponds  adioyning  to  a  dissolved  Abbey 
called  Durford,  which  ponds  devide  Hampshire  and  Sussex,  and  in 
other  standing  waters  elswhere.    This  description  was  made]  upon 


ia5 


JOHN  GOODYER 


sight  of  the  plant  the  2  of  lune,  1622. — MS.  ff.  120  a,  122  ;  Ger. 
.823. 

[In  the  fair  copy  (f.  122)  Goodyer  altered  the  name  '  floribus  uvae  ' 
to  'quercus  floribus'.  The  rough  copy  (MS.  f.  120  a)  has  the  notes 
'  about  ye  beg.  of  July,  or  fortnight  before  Lamas '  and  '  both  begunn 
to  flower  2  Junij  1621'  written  in  the  margin.  If  the  year  1622  given 
in  the  text  be  correct,  Goodyer  would  appear  to  have  been  at  Durford 
two  years  running  on  the  2nd  of  June.] 

P  o  n  d  vv  e  e  d.     Potainogeton  densiis  L. 
Tribulus  aquaticus  minor,  muscatellae  floribus.  2  Junii  1621 

This  hath  not  flatt  stalkes  like  the  other,  but  round,  kneed,  and 
alwaies  bearing  two  leaves  at  every  ioint,  one  opposite  against 
another,  greener,  shorter  and  lesser  then  the  other,  sharpe  pointed, 
not  much  vi^rinckled  and  crumpled  by  the  edges.  Clusins  saith, 
that  they  are  not  at  all  crompled.  I  never  observed  any  without 
crumples  and  wrinckles.  The  flowers  grow  on  short  small  foot- 
stalkes,  of  a  whitish  green  colour,  like  those  of  Mtiscatella  Cordis 
called  by  Gerard^  Radix  cava  minima  viridijiore :  viz.  two  flowers 
at  the  top  of  every  foot-stalke,  one  opposite  against  another,  every 
flower  containing  foure  small  leaves :  which  two  flowers  beeing 
past  there  come  up  eight  small  husks  making  six  several  waies 
a  square  of  flowers.  The  roots  are  like  the  former.  This  groweth 
abundantly  in  the  river  by  Droxford  in  Hampshire.  It  flowereth 
in  June  and  July  when  the  other  doth,  and  continueth  covered  over 
with  water,  greene,  both  winter  and  somer. — MS.  ff.  120  a,  122; 
Ger.  emac.  823-4. 

[The  rough  copy  (MS.  f.  120a)  has  the  note  'in  running  brooks' 
and  a  reference  to  Clusius  cclij  after  the  name.] 

f  Melilotus  indica  L. 
Melilotus  Indiae  orientalis.  11  Junij  1621 

This  is  in  stalks,  branches,  leaves  flowers  and  smell  altogether 
like  Melilottis  Italica  Camerarii,  but  smaller  more  branched  & 
delicate,  not  growinge  so  high,  &  the  stalks  are  greene  and  have 
no  redd  at  all.  1|  The  seed  is  also  like,  but  smaller.  The  root 
groweth  downe  right,  and  is  small  white,  with  a  very  fewe  thredds, 
and  perisheth  when  the  seed  is  ripe  the  same  yere  it  is  sowen. 
II  This  hath  not  beene  written  of  by  any  that  I  find.  I  receaved  seeds 
thereof  from  Mr.  William  Coys  often  remembred. — MS.  f.  97. 

Epipactis  violacea  Dur. 
Nidus  avis  flore  et  caule  violaceo  purpureo  colore,  an  Pseudo- 
leimodoron  Clus.  Hist.  Rar.  PI.  p.  270.  29  June  1621 

This  riseth  up  with  a  stalke  about  nine  inches  high,  with  a  few 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


127 


smal  narrow  sharpe  pointed  short  skinny  leaves,  set  without  order, 
very  little  or  nothing  at  all  wrapping-  or  inclosing  the  stalke ; 
having  a  spike  of  flowers  like  those  of  Orobanche^  without  tailes  or 
leaves  growing  amongst  them:  which  fallen,  there  succeed  small 
seed-vessels.  The  lower  part  of  the  stalke  within  the  ground  is 
not  round  like  Orobanche,  but  slender  or  long,  and  of  a  yellowish 
white  colour,  with  many  small  brittle  roots  growing  underneath 
confusedly,  wrapt  or  folded  together  like  those  of  the  common 
Nidus  avis.  The  whole  plant  as  it  appeareth  above  ground,  both 
stalkes,  leaves,  and  flowers,  is  of  a  violet  or  deepe  purple  colour. 
This  I  found  wilde  in  the  border  of  a  field  called  Marborne,  neere 
Habridge  in  Haliborne,  a  mile  from  a  towne  called  Alton  in 
Hampshire,  being  the  land  of  one  William  Balden.  In  this  place 
also  groweth  wilde  the  thistle  called  Corona  fratrnm. — Ger.  emac. 
228  ;  Druce,  pp.  6-7. 

[In  Dillenius'  interleaved  copy  of  Ray's  Synopsis^  1724,  'cum  notis 
MSS.  Lightfoot,  Yalden,  etc.',  at  the  Botanic  Garden  at  Oxford  is  a 
note,  '  Limodorum  Austriacum  found  in  the  border  of  a  field  called 
Marborne  near  Habridge  in  Haliborne  a  mile  from  Alton.  Mr. 
Goodyer.  See  Camden's  Britannia.  I  have  searched  for  it  in  vain 
several  years '. 

The  identity  of  this  plant  is  very  doubtful.    See  p.  47.] 

Woolly  Thistle.      Cniats  eriop horns  L. 
Corona  fratrum  herbar.    Caput  monachorum.  29  June  1621 

I  found  this  wild  in  Hampshire  in  greate  plentie  by  Haliborne  in 
a  feild  called  Marborne,  nere  a  bridge  called  Habridge,  beinge  the 
land  of  Wm.  Balden,  &  also  in  the  next  feild  to  it  29  Junii  1621. — 
MS.  f.  53- 

[See  under  1617  and  13  Aug.  1621  for  the  description,] 

Black  Bryony.  T amies  communis  L. 
Bryonia  nigra  florens  et  fructum  ferens.  Summer  1621 

,,  florens  non  fructum  ferens. 

This  is  altogether  like  the  first  described  in  roots,  branches,  and 
leaves ;  onely  the  foot-stalks  whereon  the  flowers  grow  are  about 
eight  or  nine  inches  long :  the  flowers  are  something  greater, 
having  neither  before  or  after  their  flowering  any  berries  or  shew 
thereof ;  but  the  flowers  and  footstalks  do  soone  wither  and  fall 
away:  this  I  have  heretofore,  and  now  this  Sommer,  1621,  dili- 
gently observed,  because  it  hath  not  beene  mentioned  or  observed 
by  any  that  I  know. — Ger.  emac.  871. 

[The  first  record  for  Hants  :  probably  of  a  male  plant.] 


128 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Cerinthe  majoj'  L. 
Cerinthe  flore  rubro.  9  Julij  1621 

The  stalks  or  braunches  for  the  most  parte  growe  uppe  of  2  or 
3  foot  high  devided  into  branches  even  from  the  root,  about  which 
grovve  leaves  out  of  order,  not  one  against  another  like  the  yealowe 
flowred  Cerinthe,  but  somethinge  lesser,  of  a  greene  and  blewe 
color  as  it  were  mixed  together,  also  spotted  with  white  spots  on 
the  upper  side,  the  topps  of  the  stalks  bend  downewards,  and  send 
forth  amonge  the  leaves,  out  of  cupps  whose  footstalks  (not  cupps 
as  Clusius  was  informed)  are  of  a  deepe  purple  color,  longe  hollowe 
flowers  like  those  of  the  said  yealowe  flowred  Cerinthe  growinge 
but  one  in  a  place,  of  a  redd  purple  color,  which  seeme  to  be 
sprinckled  with  a  certaine  whiteness,  which  fallen  there  followeth 
blackish  seed  contayned  in  small  seed  vessells  two  usually  ioyned 
together  in  forme  like  to  the  seed  of  Borage  or  redd  Ciches,  but  as 
bigge  as  a  pease.  The  root  is  white  and  short  with  a  fewe  small 
branches  or  thredds,  and  perisheth  when  the  seed  is  ripe. — 
MS.  i.  120. 

Caiicalis  latifolia  L. 
Caucalis  maior  Baetica.  9  Julii  1621 

An  Caucalis  pumila,  Clusio  Cur,  post.  p.  37. 

The  stalks  are  rough  round  straked,  a  cubite  high  or  higher j 
kneed  or  ioynted  devided  into  branches,  sett  with  rough  iagged 
leaves,  of  an  herbie  smell,  on  the  topps  of  the  stalks  and  branches 
growe  umbells  of  flowers,  reddish  before  they  open,  after  of  a  per- 
fecte  white  color,  the  leaves  that  growe  on  the  out  side  of  ech 
particular  flower  are  greater  and  broader  then  those  within ;  close 
under  ech  umbell  groweth  a  rowe  of  greene  leaves  cutt  and  devided 
into  very  small  sharpe  pointed  leaves.  After  the  flowers  cometh 
greate  prickley  burrs  half  as  bigge  as  those  of  Xanthium  sett  with 
rowes  of  large  prickles  everie  burr  when  it  is  ripe  partinge  into 
2  parts  contayninge  one  seed  a  peece.  The  root  is  small  white 
threddie  in  smell  like  to  a  carrott  and  perisheth  when  the  seed 
is  ripe.  The  whole  plant  in  stalks,  leaves  and  flowers  is  verie  like 
to  the  wild  carrott.  ||  The  seeds  hereof  I  receaved  from  M""  William 
Coys  often  remembred,  and  he  from  Boelius  a  Lowe  Contry  man. — 
MS.  f.  95. 

Xanthium  Strumarium  L. 
Bardana  minor.    The  lesser  Burre  Docke.  ?  162 1 

It  groweth  plentifuUie  in  Southwicke  street  in  Hampshire,  as  I 
have  been  informed  by  Mr.  Goodyer. — Ger.  emac,  810. 
[Not  included  in  Hants  Flora  by  Townsend.] 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


129 


Horned  wild  Cumin.      Hype  coon  proaimbens  L. 
Hypecuon  Clusii.  11  Julij  162 1 

The  leaves  of  this  plant  are  devided  into  many  partes,  verie  like 
in  figure  and  color  to  the  leaves  of  Rewe  but  softer  or  tenderer, 
and  sometimes  longer,  spread  uppon  the  ground  ;  amongest  which 
rise  uppe  many  small  stalks,  growinge  slopewise,  about  6  ynches 
longe,  without  leaves,  but  onlie  neare  the  toppe  where  it  devideth 
itself  into  3,  4  or  more  small  branches  and  those  againe  sometimes 
devided  into  other  little  short  branches,  with  little  tender  footstalks 
at  their  topps,  ech  foot  stalk  bearinge  one  small  yealowe  flower, 
somewhat  sweet,  contayninge  6  leaves,  but  of  a  strange  fashion, 
and  unlike  other  flowers,  for  it  hath  2  leaves  bigger  then  the  rest, 
with  a  greene  strakc  or  line  on  the  out  side,  (which  is  blunt  and  as 
it  were  bowed  or  folded  in)  the  other  fower  leaves  are  very  small, 
round  topped  and  scarce  to  be  seene,  unlesse  the  flower  be  open, 
which  past  there  succeed  uppon  everie  of  the  said  footstalks  or 
branches,  one  longe  crooked  blunt  topped  codd,  with  ioynts  knotts 
or  devisions  contayning  in  the  space  betwene  everie  bunch  or  knott, 
one  blackish  seed  in  a  manner  round,  which  is  hard  to  be  pulled 
forth.  The  root  is  single  sometimes  parted,  somewhat  yealowe, 
anuall,  not  livinge  over  yere,  the  whole  plant  with  us  is  of  little 
smell  or  none  at  all.  ||  It  groweth  not  wild  in  England.  I  have 
seene  it  growinge  plentifullie  in  Mr.  Coyses  garden  in  Essex, 
who  kindlie  imparted  seeds  thereof  unto  me,  Anno  1620. — 
MS.  f.  97. 

Convolvulus  purpureus  L. 
Convolvulus  coeruleus  minor  Baeticus.  11  Julij  162 1 

This  herbe  hath  many  tender,  small  round  weake  hairie  branches 
a  foot  or  a  Cubite  longe  or  longer,  devidinge  it  self  presently  from 
the  root,  some  leaninge  some  traylinge  on  the  ground  none  standinge 
upright,  or  windinge  them  selves  about  anie  thinge,  whereon  growe 
rough  leaves  without  footstalks,  out  of  order,  like  those  of  Alsine 
myosotis,  L'obelij,  narrowe  neare  the  stalk,  broad  towards  the  toppe, 
out  of  the  bosomes  of  those  leaves  growe  the  flowers  on  long  foot- 
stalks, made  of  one  leafe,  like  in  forme  and  bignes  to  those  of  the 
common  Convolvulus  minor,  folded  or  plated  when  it  is  shut  uppe, 
into  five  folds  of  a  bright  blewe  color,  with  raies  of  yealowe  in  the 
bottom  within,  which  fallen  there  succeedeth  round  buttons  or 
knapps,  as  bigge  or  little  bigger  then  a  pease,  wherein  in  ech 
button  is  contayned  2,  3  or  4  three  cornered  seeds  almost  as  bigge 
as  Radish  seed.     The  root  is  small  white  single,  and  groweth 

K 


JOHN  GOODYER 


downeright  with  a  fewe  threddie  strings  or  side  branches.  Both 
herbe  and  root  do  perish  at  winter.  || 

The  seeds  hereof  were  gathered  in  Spaine  by  Boelius  and  com- 
municated by  him  to  my  good  friend  Mr.  William  Coys  who 
yerlie  doth  carefuUie  sowe  the  same  and  infinite  other  seeds  of 
strange  herbes,  and  hath  imparted  thereof  unto  me.  It  hath  not 
beene  hetherto  written  of  that  I  knowe. — MS.  f.  97. 

Astragalus  hamosus  L. 
Securidaca  minor.  Ob.  p.  523.  Adversar.  p.  401.  13  Julij  1621 
This  plant  is  like  to  the  greater  Securidaca  in  stalks  and  leaves, 
but  altogether  smaller,  and  of  a  darker  greene  color,  ech  little  leafe 
havinge  a  small  nick  at  the  toppe  ;  the  flowers  are  very  small  and 
white,  (and  not  purple  with  us,  as  Pena  hath  it)  growinge  in  small 
tufts  :  after  which  followe  round,  crooked,  sharpe  pointed  codds, 
so  sharpe  that  they  will  perce  into  the  flesh,  first  bowinge  downe- 
wards  to  the  footstalk,  and  then  turninge  uppe  againe,  like  crooked 
homes,  wherein  is  contayned  two  rowes  of  small  seed,  in  fashion  of 
a  kidney  almost  round,  in  tast  like  drie  pease  or  beanes,  not  bitter ; 
of  a  darke  color  drawinge  neare  an  ash  color.  The  root  is  small 
white  with  some  threddes,  and  perisheth  when  the  seed  is  ripe. 
II  Seeds  hereof  were  sent  me  from  Mr.  William  Coys  a  man  verie 
skillfull  in  the  knowledge  of  symples,  my  singuler  good  frend. — 
MS,  f.  97. 

Iberis  umbellata  L. 
Thlaspi  umbellosum  marinum  flore  albo.  14  Julij  1621 

An  Thlaspi  quartum  parvum  odorato  flore  Clusii,  p.  cxxxij. 

This  plant  riseth  uppe  with  one  small  stalk  and  divideth  it  self 
ymediatelie  from  the  root  into  many  branches  which  are  about 
a  foot  high,  greene,  round,  rough  brittle  straked  as  is  the  stalk  and 
everie  branch  devidinge  it  self  into  more  branches,  whereon  growe 
longe  narrowe  rough  leaves,  devided  neare  the  toppe  like  to  Corim 
Cervimim  Lobelij,  of  a  bitter  tast,  which  leaves  sometimes  turne 
downewards  :  on  the  toppe  of  the  stalks  &  branches  growe  umbells 
of  pleasant  flowers,  of  a  stronge  but  no  pleasant  smell,  appearinge 
purple  before  they  be  open,  (the  midle  of  the  umbell  alwaies 
flowringe  last)  but  beinge  fullie  blowen,  they  are  of  a  perfect  white 
color,  ech  flower  beinge  made  of  fower  blunt  topped  leaves,  some- 
times nicked  at  the  toppe,  and  the  two  leaves  that  growe  on  the 
out  side,  are  neare  fower  times  as  bigge,  as  those  two  that  growe 
within,  havinge  short  yealowe  cheives  in  the  midle,  which  fallen 
there  succeedeth  ||  broad  flatt  powches,  seed  vessels  or  husks,  forked 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


or  devided  into  two  parts  at  the  toppe,  ech  huske  coiitayninge  two 
flatt  yealowish  seeds,  of  a  very  bitter  tast.  The  root  is  white  and 
short,  with  a  fewe  side  branches.  The  whole  herbe  perisheth  when 
the  seed  is  ripe. — MS.  f.  98. 

[A  rough  copy  of  the  last  five  lines  is  written  on  MS.  f.  11.] 

Asclepias  purpiirascens  L. 
Periploca  recta  Virginiana.  14  Julij  1621 

An  Apocynum  Syriacum  Clusii,  p.  Ixxxvij. 

The  stalk  is  bliintlie  fower  squared,  upright,  strait,  not  branched 
fower  or  5  foot  high,  straked,  of  the  bignes  of  a  finger,  black 
spotted,  full  of  spungious  white  pith  within,  whereon  growe  by 
cooples,  one  opposite  against  another,  uppon  thick  short  footstalks, 
large,  broad  blunt  topped  leaves,  with  a  whitish  softe  cotton  under- 
neath, of  a  light  greene  above,  plaine  and  smooth  not  notched  by 
the  sides,  neare  the  toppe  of  ech  stalk,  exactlie  against  the  leaves 
(not  out  of  the  bosomes  of  the  leaves)  groweth  forth  about  two 
short  rough  footstalks,  but  one  in  a  place,  ech  bearinge  4  or  more 
knapps  like  small  buttons,  which  by  nature  turne  downe,  open  and 
appeare  like  a  greenish  flower,  with  five  leaves  ;  above  which 
groweth  the  flower  of  a  purple  or  reddish  color,  composed  of 
5  round  small  hollowe  leaves  sharpe  pointed  on  the  outside,  ech 
leafe  havinge  a  short  sharpe  pointed  pointell  of  the  color  of  the 
flower,  turninge  into  the  umbo  or  midle  of  the  flower. — MS,  f.  98. 

Anchusa  angiistifolia  L. 
Buglossum  Scorpioides.  14  Julij  1621 

An  Echij  facie  Buglossum  minimum  flore  rubente.    Ob.  p.  310. 

This  is  like  the  common  Buglosse  in  stalks  and  leaves,  but 
altogether  smaller  &  lower,  the  topps  of  the  branches  whereon  the 
flowers  growe,  are  more  crooked,  turninge  and  bowinge  inwards, 
the  occasion  (as  I  take  it)  of  the  name.  The  flowers  are  smaller, 
the  leaves  thereof  narrower  at  the  toppe,  at  their  first  openinge 
more  reddish,  and  when  they  are  fullie  blowne,  of  a  perfecte  purple, 
or  black  violet  color,  but  in  tast,  savor,  operation  and  all  things  else 
alike.— 1/5.  f.  98. 

Ornithopus  scorpioides  L. 
Scorpioides  Mathioli.  16  Julij  16 21 

Math.  p.  895.    Phyto.  568  (5).    Ger.  hath  it  not. 

This  hath  many  small  round  firme  branches  proceedinge  from 
one  root,  and  those  againe  devided  into  other  branches,  whereon 
growe  leaves  almost  round,  comonly  3  sometimes  4  together ; 
whereof  the  midlemost  is  4  times  as  bigge  as  anie  of  the  other,  both 

K  2 


1^2 


JOHN  GOODYER 


stalks  and  leaves,  are  of  a  mealie  white  color,  and  are  some  what 
like  the  leaves  of  Portulaca  :  the  flowers  are  small,  yealowe,  like 
those  of  Scorpioides  repens  Biipleuri  folio  VObelij\  but  smaller, 
growinge  forth  of  the  bosomes  of  the  leaves,  on  long  footstalks, 
sometimes  three,  most  comonly  4  together.  After  which  cometh 
on  ech  footstalk  as  many  longe,  small,  jointed,  slender,  sharpe 
pointed  codds,  bowinge  like  the  taile  of  a  scorpion  or  like  to  birds 
clawes,  wherein  is  contayned  betweene  everie  ioynt  one  longe 
slender  yealowish  seed  like  Galega,  The  root  is  small,  white,  with 
a  fewe  thredds,  and  perisheth  when  the  seed  is  ripe. — MS.  f.  88. 

Crucianella  sp. 

Rubia  spicata  Cretica  Clusii,  p.  clxxvii.  19  July  1621 

This  hath  proceeding  from  the  root  many  knottie  foure  square 
rough  little  stalks,  a  foot  high,  devided  immediately  from  the  root 
into  many  branches,  having  but  one  side  branch  growing  forth  of 
one  ioint :  about  which  ioints  grow  spread  abroade  4,  5,  some- 
times 6  narrow,  short,  sharpe  pointed  leaves,  somewhat  rough : 
the  toppes  of  the  stalkes  and  branches  are  nothing  but  long  small 
foure  square  spikes  or  eares,  made  of  three  leafed  greene  huskes : 
out  of  the  top  of  each  huske  groweth  a  very  small  greenish  yellow 
flower,  having  foure  exceeding  smal  leaves  scarce  to  be  scene : 
after  which  followeth  in  each  huske  one  smal  blackish  seed,  some- 
what long,  round  on  the  one  side,  with  a  dent  or  hollownesse  on 
the  other.  The  root  is  small,  hard,  woodie,  crooked  or  scragged, 
with  many  little  branches  or  threds,  red  without,  and  white  within, 
and  perisheth  when  the  seed  is  ripe. — MS.  f.  88  ;  Ger.  emac.  11 19. 

Campanula  puniila  hort.    C.  ptilla  e. 
Lesser  Bellflower.  ^  [19  July  1621]? 

Ye  lesser  Bellflower  hath  small,  rough,  round,  straked  stalks, 
seldom  braunched,  or  above  a  foot  or  a  cubit  high.  The  leaves  are 
rough,  of  a  light  greene  colour,  very  lightly  indented  about  y° 
edges  in  form  like  sloe  leaves,  or  those  of  ye  wild  violett,  those 
that  grow  below  have  footstalks,  &  those  above  are  smaller,  & 
grow  close  to  ye  stalk  without  any  footstalk  at  all ;  the  flowers  are 
like  small  bells,  &  devided  in  the  toppe  into  5  sharpe  pointed 
leaves,  which  are  pointed  in  y*"  middle  devided  in  ye  toppe  in 
3  pts.  Some  whereof  growe  alongest  ye  stalk,  and  some  times 
12  together  in  a  bunch  or  Cluster  at  very  toppe  of  ye  stalk,  after 
which  cometh  ye  seed  cod  in  small  rough  (?)  husks.  The  root  is 
white,  small,  strayght,  with  many  threads  &  perennis. — MS.  f.  8  v. 

[Note  on  the  back  of  a  letter  from  F.  Waller  to  Sir  T.  Bilson, 
bearing  date  19  July  1621.] 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


133 


PJialaris  canaricnsis  L. 
Phalaris  minor  Baetica  Boelij,  semine  nigro.  20  Julij  1621 

Is  in  stalks,  height,  leaves  and  scalie  eares,  like  the  greate 
Phalaris,  but  twise  as  small,  of  a  darker  greene  color,  and  the  seed 
is  much  smaller  and  of  a  blackish  color. — MS.  f.  88. 

PJialaris  minor  L. 
Phalaris  minor  Baetica  semine  albo  Boelij.  [20  July  1621] 

The  stalks  growe  not  above  a  foot  high,  the  leaves  are  whighter 
then  the  other,  the  eares  are  also  whighter,  and  scarce  growe  forth 
of  the  greate  hose  or  uppermost  leafe,  the  seed  is  whitish  in  all 
things  else  like  the  former. — MS,  f.  88. 

Phalaris  bulbosa  L. 
Phalaris  bulbosa  Boelij.  [20  July  1621] 

Is  altogether  like  the  Phalaris  with  blackish  seed  in  stalks, 
leaves  and  spikes,  but  the  roots  are  bulbus,  like  those  of  Catts  taile 
grasse,  growinge  most  comonlie  on  the  upper  crust  of  the  earth, 
wuth  a  fewe  small  threddie  roots  hanginge  thereat  fastened  within 
the  earth,  the  seed  is  of  an  Ash  color  or  darke  white,  the  bulbus 
roots  most  comonlie  live  manie  yeres. — MS,  f.  88. 

Valeriana  Cormtcopiae  L. 
Valeriana  mexicana.  20  Julij  162 1 

non  est  Valeriana  Indica  Clusii. 

The  stalke  is  round,  tender,  brittle,  verie  much  straked,  hollowe, 
greene,  yet  reddish  in  some  places,  &  ioynted,  devided  into  branches, 
about  2  foot  high  ;  at  everie  ioynt  groweth  two  leaves^  those  on  the 
lower  parte  of  the  stalk  are  crompled,  not  notched  by  the  sides, 
round  topped,  of  a  light  greene  color,  verie  like  the  leaves  of  garden 
lettice  (nothinge  at  all  like  the  leaves  of  Lactuca  agnina)  about 
4  ynches  longe,  and  3  ynches  brode,  with  broad  leafed  footstalks  ; 
those  on  the  upper  parte  of  the  stalke,  are  narrower,  shorter,  some- 
what notched  by  the  sides,  without  footstalks ;  on  the  topps  of  the 
branches  growe  the  flowers  as  it  were  in  umbells,  and  are  longe, 
of  a  bright  purple  color,  everie  flower  contayninge  5  small  round 
topped  leaves,  whereof  2  are  greater  then  the  rest.  The  seed 
followeth  (sem.  i.  Sept.)  growinge  in  chafifie  scales  or  hedds,  as 
bigge  or  bigger  then  a  wheate  corne,  blackish,  seminge  to  be  nothinge 
but  light  husks  and  no  seed. 

The  root  is  very  small  for  the  bignes  of  the  plant,  white  and 
threddie,  and  perisheth  when  the  seed  is  ripe  ;  the  whole  plant 
is  without  any  manifest  tast  or  smell.   ||  Clusius,  Gerard  &  Bauhinus 


134 


JOHN  GOODYER 


have  written  of  Valeriana  mexicana  sive  indica,  but  this  herbe 
agreeth  with  neither  of  their  descriptions.  I  receaved  seeds  whereof 
grewe  this  described  herbe  from  Mr.  William  Coys  often  re- 
membred.— f.  89. 

Reseda  Phyteuma  L. 
Phyteuma  monspeliensium.    Ger.  p.  918.  21  Julij  162 1 

The  stalks  are  small,  greene,  round,  straked,  rough,  creepinge  or 
leaninge  neare  the  ground,  a  foot  long,  devided  into  many  branches 
imediatlie  from  the  root ;  the  leaves  are  small  like  those  of  Ltiteola^ 
round  topped,  rough  on  the  midle  ribbe  on  the  under  side,  some- 
times crompled  by  the  sides ;  the  flowers  growe  from  the  midle  pte 
of  the  stalk  upwards  spike  fashion,  not  close  together,  on  short 
rough  foot  stalks ;  beinge  nothinge  but  thrumie  whitish  cheives, 
like  those  of  Rheseda  ;  ech  flower  havinge  growinge  close  adioyninge 
under  it  comonlie  6  small  leaves  star  fashion,  the  flowers  past. — 
MS,  f.  89. 

?  Malva  stipitlacea  Cav. 
Malva  flore  amplo  Baetica  aestiva.  21  Julij  1621 

This  mallowe  hath  stalks  and  leaves  altogether  like  the  greate 
comon  high  wild  mallowe;  but  the  flowers  are  as  bigge  againe, 
composed  likewise  of  five  leaves  a  peece,  of  a  lighter  purple  color 
and  makinge  a  braver  showe,  the  seed  is  blackish  like  a  half  moone, 
not  rough  [but  finely  straked  on  the  upper  side,  twise  as  bigge 
as  the  seed  of  the  comon  mallowe,  growinge  in  a  round  circle 
closely  compact  together  within  or  at  the  bottome  of  a  duble 
huske,  and  covered  over  with  a  flatt  spongious  cake,  blackish  on 
the  upper  side,  so  this  seed  in  manner  of  growinge  is  contrarie 
to  the  comon  mallowe,  this  havinge  two  husks  and  a  little  cake 
and  seed  underneath,  and  that  having  by  one  huske  a  little  cake 
but  half  so  bigge,  made  only  of  the  seed.  The  root  is  very  small, 
white,  brittle,  with  a  fewe  small  threddes  hanginge  thereat  and 
perisheth  at  winter.  || 

I  cannot  find  that  this  mallowe  hath  been  written  of  heretofore. 
The  seeds  were  sent  to  my  worthy  frend  Mr.  William  Coys  by 
Boelius  who  gathered  them  in  Spaine,  who  with  many  other 
imparted  them  unto  me  Anno  1620. — MS.  f.  89. 

Chrysanthemum  coronarium  L. 
Chrysanthemum  Creticum  primum  Clusii.  28  Julii  1621 

The  stalkes  are  round,  straked,  branched,  hard,  of  a  whitish 
greene,  with  a  very  little  pith  within ;  neere  three  foot  high :  the 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


135 


leaves  grow  out  of  order,  devided  into  many  parts,  and  those  again 
snipt  or  devided,  of  the  color  of  the  stalkes  :  at  the  topps  of  the 
stalkes  and  branches  grow  great  flowers,  bigger  than  any  of  the 
rest  of  the  Corne-flowers,  forth  of  scaly  heads,  consisting  of  twelve 
or  more  broad  leaves  apeece,  notched  at  the  top,  of  a  shining 
golden  colour  at  the  first,  which  after  turne  to  a  pale,  whitish,  or 
very  light  yellow,  and  grow  round  about  a  large  yellow  ball,  of 
smell  somewhat  sweet.  The  flowers  past,  there  commeth  abun- 
dance of  seed  closely  compact  or  thrust  together,  and  it  is  short, 
blunt  at  both  ends,  straked,  of  a  sand  color,  somwhat  flat,  &  of 
a  reasonable  bignes.  The  root  is  whitish,  neere  a  fingers  bignesse, 
short,  with  many  threds  hanging  thereat,  and  perisheth  when  the 
seede  is  ripe ;  and  at  the  Spring  groweth  uppe  againe  by  the  falling 
of  the  seed. — MS,  f.  90  ;  Ger.  emac.  744-5. 

Chrysanthemum  coronarium  L. 
Chrysanthemum  Baeticum  Boelij  inscriptum.  28  Julij  1621 

The  stalks  are  round,  straked,  reddish  brown,  devided  into 
branches,  containing  a  spungious  white  pith  within,  a  cubite  high  : 
the  leaves  growe  out  of  order,  without  footstalkes,  about  3  inches 
long,  and  an  inch  broad,  notched  about  the  edges,  not  at  all 
devided,  of  a  darke  greene  colour  :  the  flowers  growe  at  the  tops  of 
the  stalkes  and  branches,  forth  of  great  scalie  heads,  containinge 
twentie  leaves  a  piece  or  more,  notched  at  the  top,  of  a  shining 
yellow  color,  growinge  about  a  round  yellow  ball,  of  a  reasonable 
good  smell,  verie  like  those  of  the  common  Chrysanthemum 
segetum  :  the  seede  groweth  like  the  other,  and  is  very  small,  long, 
round,  crooked  and  whitish :  the  root  is  small,  whitish,  threddie, 
and  perisheth  also  when  the  seed  is  ripe. — MS.  f.  90 ;  Ger.  emac, 

745- 

Chrysanthemum  coronarium  L. 
Chrysanthemum  tenuifolium  Baeticum  Boelij.  28  Julij  1621 

The  stalks  are  round,  small,  straked,  reddish,  somewhat  hairie, 
branched,  a  cubit  high,  or  higher :  the  leaves  are  small,  much 
devided,  iagged,  and  verie  like  the  leaves  of  Cotula  foetida :  the 
flowers  are  yellow,  shining  like  gold,  composed  of  thirteene  or 
fourteene  leaves  a  pece,  notched  at  the  top,  set  about  a  yealovve 
ball,  also  like  the  common  Chrysanthemum  segetwn:  the  seed 
groweth  amongst  white  flattish  scales,  which  are  closelie  compacted 
in  a  round  head  together,  and  are  small,  flat,  greyish,  and  broad  at 
the  top :  the  root  is  small,  whitish,  with  a  few  threds,  and  dyeth 
when  the  seed  is  ripe. — MS.  f.  90  ;  Ger,  emac.  745. 


136 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Prickly  Beet  of  Candy.     Emex  spinosa  Campd. 
Blitum  spinosum  Creticum.  28  Julij  1621 

est  Beta  Cretica  semine  aculeata  Bauhini.     Joynt  Flower-topp. 

This  sendeth  forth  from  one  root  many  round  greene  straked, 
trayhng,  ioynted,  small  branches,  about  a  foot  longe :  the  leaves 
are  of  a  light  greene  colour,  and  grow  at  every  ioint  one,  somewhat 
like  the  leaves  of  great  Sorrell,  but  they  are  round  topped  without 
barbes  or  eares  below,  or  any  manifest  tast  or  smell,  very  like  the 
leaves  of  Beetes,  but  much  smaller :  the  flowers  grow  clustering 
together  about  the  ioynts,  and  at  the  tops  of  the  branches  small 
and  greenish,  each  flower  containing  5  or  6  very  small  blunt  topped 
leaves,  and  a  few  dustie  cheives  in  the  middle :  which  past,  there 
cometh  greate  prickley  shrivelled  seed,  growing  even  close  to  the 
root,  and  upwards  on  the  ioints,  each  seed  having  three  sharpe 
prickes  at  the  top  growing  sidewaies,  which  indeed  may  be  more 
properly  called  the  huske  ;  which  huske  in  the  inside  is  of  a  darke 
reddish  color,  and  containeth  one  seed  in  forme  like  the  seed  of 
Adonis,  round  at  the  lower  end,  3  cornered  towards  the  toppe,  and 
sharp  pointed,  covered  over  with  a  darke  yealowish  skyn ;  which  skyn 
pulled  away,  the  kernell  appeareth  yealow  on  the  outside,  and 
exceeding  white  within,  and  will  with  a  light  touch  fall  into  very 
small  powder  like  meale. — MS.  f.  90 ;  Ger.  emac.  1626. 

Lathyriis  Ochrus  DC.  or  Z.  animus  L. 
Lathyrus  aestivus  flore  luteo.  28  Julii  162 1 

This  is  like  LatJiyris  latiore  folio  Lobelij,  in  stalks,  leaves,  and 
branches,  but  smaller:  the  stalks  are  two  or  three  foot  long,  made 
flatt  with  two  skyns,  with  2  exceedinge  small  leaves  growinge  on  the 
stalks,  one  opposite  against  another :  betweene  which  spring  up 
flat  footstalks,  an  inch  long,  bearing  two  exceeding  narrow  sharpe 
pointed  leaves,  three  inches  long :  betweene  which  grow  the 
tendrels,  devided  into  many  parts  at  the  top,  and  taking  hold 
therwith :  the  flowers  are  smal,  and  grow  forth  of  the  bosomes  of 
the  leaves,  on  each  footstalk  one  flower,  wholly  yealow,  with  purple 
strakes.  After  each  flower  followeth  a  smooth  cod,  almost  round, 
two  inches  long,  wherein  is  contained  seven  round  Peason,  some- 
what rough,  but  after  a  curious  manner,  of  the  bignesse  and  taste 
of  field  Peason,  and  of  a  darke  sand  color. — MS,  f.  108  ;  Ger. 
emac.  1628. 

}  Lathy r ICS  Clyrnenmn  L. 
Lathyrus  aestivus  Baeticus  flore  coeruleo  Boelii.        [28  Julii  1621] 
This  is  also  like  Lathyris  latiore  folio  Lobelij,  but  smaller,  yet 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


137 


greater  than  that  with  yellow  flowers,  having  also  adioining  to  the 
flat  stalkes,  two  eared  sharpe  pointed  leaves,  and  also  two  other 
slender  sharpe  pointed  leaves,  about  foure  inches  long,  growing  on 
a  flat  foot-stalke  betweene  them,  an  inch  and  a  halfe  long,  and 
one  tendrel  between  them  devided  into  two  or  three  parts :  the 
flowers  are  large,  and  *  grow  on  long  slender  foure-square  foot- 
stalkes,  from  the  bosomes  of  the  leaves,  on  each  footstalk  one : 
the  upper  great  covering  leafe  being  of  a  light  blew,  &  the  lower 
smaller  leaves  of  a  deeper  blew  :  which  past  there  come  up  short 
flat  cods,  with  two  filmes,  edges,  or  skins  on  the  upper  side,  like 
those  of  Eruilia  Lobelij,  containing  within  foure  or  five  great  flat 
cornered  Peason,  bigger  than  field  Peason,  of  a  darke  sand  color. — 
MS.  f.  108  ;  Ger.  eniac.  1628. 

?  Le7is  escidenta  Moench. 
Lathyrus  aestivus  edulis  Baeticus  flore  albo  Boelii.  [28  Julii  1621] 
This  is  in  flat  skinny  stalks,  leaves,  foot-stalks,  and  cods,  with 
two  skins  on  the  upper  side,  and  in  all  things  else  like  the  said 
Lathyrus  with  blew  flowers;  only  the  flowers  of  this  are  milk 
white  :  the  fruit  is  also  like. — MS,  f.  108  ;  Ger.  emac.  i6z8. 

}  Lathyrus  sphaericus  Retz. 
Lathyrus  aestivus  flore  miniato.  [28  Julii  1661] 

This  is  also  in  skinnie  flat  stalks  and  leaves  like  the  said 
Lathyris  latiore  folio ^  but  far  smaller,  not  three  foot  high :  it  hath 
also  small  sharp  pointed  leaves  growing  by  couples  on  the  stalke, 
between  which  grow  two  leaves,  about  three  inches  long,  on  a  flat 
foot-stalk  half  an  inch  long:  also  between  those  leaves  grow  the 
tendrels  :  the  flowers  are  of  the  color  of  red  ledd,  but  not  so  bright, 
growing  on  smooth  short  foot-stalks,  one  on  a  foot-stalke :  after 
which  follow^  cods  very  like  those  of  the  common  field  peason,  but 
lesser,  an  inch  and  a  halfe  long,  containing  foure,  five,  or  sixe  cornered 
Peason,  of  a  sand  color,  or  darke  obscure  yealowe,  as  big  as  common 
field  peason,  and  of  the  same  taste. — MS.  f.  108  ;  Ger.  emac, 
1628-9. 

Lathyrus  pahtstris  L. 
Lathyrus  palustris  Lusitanicus  Boelii.  [28  Julii  1621] 

Hath  also  flat  skinnie  stalks  like  the  said  Lathyrus  latiore  folio, 
but  the  paire  of  leaves  which  grow  on  the  stalke  are  exceeding 
small  as  are  those  of  Lathyrus  flore  luteo,  and  are  indeed  scarce 
worthie  to  be  called  leaves  :  the  other  paire  of  leaves  are  about  two 
inches  long,  above  halfe  an  inch  broad,  and  grow  from  betweene 
those  small  leaves,  on  flat  foot-stalks,  an  inch  long :  betweene  which 


138 


JOHN  GOODYER 


leaves  also  grow  the  tendrels :  the  flowers  grow  on  footstalks 
which  are  five  inches  long,  commonly  two  on  a  foot-stalke,  the 
great  upper  covering  leaves  being  of  a  bright  red  colour,  and  the 
under  leaves  are  somewhat  paler:  after  commeth  flat  cods,  con- 
taining seven  or  eight  small  round  peason,  no  bigger  than  a  Pepper 
corne,  gray  and  blacke,  spotted  before  they  are  ripe,  and  when 
they  are  fully  ripe  of  a  blacke  colour,  in  taste  like  common  Peason : 
the  stalks,  leaves,  foot-stalkes  and  coddes  are  somwhat  hairy  and 
rough. — MS.  f.  109  ;  Ger.  emac.  1629. 

Lathyrus  ttiherosiis  L. 
Lathyrus  aestivus  dumetorum  Baeticus  Boelii.  [28  Julii  1621] 
Hath  also  flat  skinnie  stalks  like  the  said  Lathyrus  latiore  folio, 
but  smaller,  and  in  the  manner  of  the  growing  of  the  leaves 
altogether  contrarie.  This  hath  also  two  small  sharp  pointed 
leaves,  adioyning  to  the  stalke :  betweene  which  groweth  forth 
a  flat  middle  rib  with  tendrels  at  the  top,  having  on  each  side  (not 
one  against  another)  commonly  three  blunt  topped  leaves,  some- 
times three  on  the  one  side,  and  two  on^the  other,  and  sometimes 
but  foure  in  all,  about  an  inch  and  a  halfe  long  :  the  flowers  grow 
on  foot-stalks,  about  two  or  three  inches  long,  each  foot-stalk 
usually  bearing  two  flowers,  the  great  covering  leafe  being  of  a 
bright  red  colour  ;  and  the  two  under  leaves  of  a  blewish  purple 
colour  :  after  which  follow  smooth  cods,  above  two  inches  long, 
containing,  five,  sixe,  or  seven  smooth  Peason,  of  a  browne  Chestnut 
colour,  not  round,  but  somewhat  flat,  more  long  than  broad, 
especially  those  next  both  the  ends  of  the  cod,  of  the  bignesse  and 
taste  of  common  field  peason. — MS.  f.  109  ;  Ger.  emac.  1629. 

cia  sativa  (3  linearis  Lange. 
Aracus  maior  Baeticus  Boelii.  30  Julii  1621 

It  hath  small  weake  foure  square  straked  trayling  branches,  two 
foot  high,  lesser,  but  like  those  of  Fetches ;  whereon  grow  manie 
leaves  without  order,  and  every  severall  leafe  is  composed  of  six, 
seven,  or  more  small  sharpe  pointed  leaves,  like  those  of  Lentils,  set 
on  each  side  of  a  middle  rib,  which  middle  rib  endeth  with  clasping 
tendrels :  the  flowers  grow  forth  of  the  bosomes  of  the  leaves,  but 
one  in  a  place,  almost  without  any  foot-stalkes  at  all,  like  those 
of  Vetches,  but  of  a  whitish  colour,  with  purple  strakes,  and  of 
a  deep  colour  tendinge  to  purple  towards  the  nailes  of  the  upper 
covering  leaves :  after  which  follow  the  cods,  which  are  little  above 
an  inch  long,  not  fully  so  big  as  those  of  the  wilde  beane,  almost 
round,  and  very  hairy:  wherein  is  contained  about  4  peason. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


139 


seldom  round,  most  commonly  somewhat  flat,  and  sometimes 
cornered,  of  a  blackish  colour,  neere  as  big  as  field  peason,  and  of 
the  taste  of  Fetches.  The  whole  herbe  perisheth  when  the  seed  is 
ripe.  II  This  plant  Boeliits  sent  to  M^  William  Coys,  who  hath  care 
fully  preserved  the  same  kind  ever  since,  and  friendly  imparted 
seeds  thereof  to  me  in  Anno  1620. — MS,  f.  91  ;  Gcr.  emac.  1627. 

Vicia  hitea  /3  laevigata  Boiss. 
Legumen  pallidum  Vlissiponense  Nonii  Brandonii.  30  Julii  1621 
This  plant  is  very  like,  both  in  stalks,  leaves,  and  cods,  to  Arams 
maior  Bcsticus,  but  the  flowers  of  this  are  of  a  pale  yellow  or 
primrose  colour,  and  the  whole  herbe  smaller,  and  nothing  so 
hairy.  It  perisheth  also  when  the  seed  is  ripe.  ||  I  received  the 
seeds  likewise  from       Coys. — MS.  f.  91 ;  Ger.  emac,  1627. 

Vicia  sativa  var.  leucosperma  Moench. 
Vicia  indica  fructu  albo.  Pisum  indicum  Gerardo.  30  Julii  1621 
This  Vetch  differeth  not  in  any  thinge  at  all,  eyther  in  stalkes, 
leaves,  codds,  fashion  of  the  flowers,  or  colour  thereof,  from  our 
common  manured  Vetch,  but  that  it  groweth  higher,  and  the  fruit 
is  bigger  and  rounder,  and  of  a  very  cleare  white  colour,  more  like 
to  peason  than  Vetches.  ||  Gerard  was  wont  to  call  this  Vetch 
by  the  name  of  Pisum  Indicum,  or  Indian  Pease,  gotten  by  him 
after  the  publishing  of  his  Herball,  as  Coys  reported  to  me. 
But  the  said  M''.  Coys  hath  (in  my  iudgment)  more  properly  named 
it  Vicia  frticiu  albo :  which  name  I  thought  most  fit  to  call  it  by, 
only  addinge  Indica  to  it,  from  whence  it  is  reported  to  have  been 
gotten. — MS.  f.  91  ;  Ger.  emac.  1627. 

Pisum  sativum  L. 
Pisum  quadratum.  30  Julij  1621 

Lotus  siliquosus  rubello  flore.    Clus:  p.  ccxliiij.    Phyto.  668  (60). 

This  hath  many  round,  hairie,  branches,  proceedinge  imediatelie 
from  the  root,  longe  spreadinge  for  the  most  pte  uppon  the 
ground ;  yet  the  topps  or  ends  of  the  branches  liste  themselves 
somewhat  upright,  whereon  growe  broad  rough  hairie  blunt-topped 
leaves  at  certaine  distances  3  allwaies  on  one  foot  stalk,  out  of 
whose  bosomes  growe  round  hairy  footstalks,  bearinge  three  other 
leaves  like  the  former  but  smaller,  and  one  or  two  flowers  like 
those  of  Vetches,  of  a  beautifull  color  like  deepe  redd  or  orenge 
tawnie  velvett,  after  which  cometh  uppe  the  codds,  about  3  ynches 
longe,  havinge  4  wrinckled  filmes  or  skyns  growinge  alongst  them 
viz.  two  on  the  upper  side  and  2  on  the  lower  side,  which  make  the 
codds  (?)  appeare  fower  square  when  they  be  drie,  wherein  in  ech 


I40 


JOHN  GOODYER 


codd  is  contayned  about  lo  or  ii  round  seeds,  browne  when  they 
are  ripe,  neare  of  the  bignes  of  feild  peason,  and  of  the  same  tast. 
The  root  is  white  and  small,  with  abundance  of  thredie  small  side 
branches,  and  perisheth  at  winter. 

It  begineth  to  flower  in  June,  and  so  contineweth  flowringe  and 
bearinge  fruite  till  the  extreame  froste. — MS,  f.  91. 

[Goodyer  sent  a  description  of  Pisum  quadratuin  to  Johnson  on 
5  March  1632,  but  the  text  printed  in  the  Herbal  dififers  markedly  from 
this  one:  cf.  Ger.  emac.  1198.] 

Astragalus  lusitanicus  Lam. 
Astragalus  marinus  lusitanicus  Boelii.  31  Julii  1621 

This  hath  five,  six,  or  more  round  straked  reddish  hairy  stalks 
or  branches,  of  a  reasonable  bignesse,  proceeding  from  one  root, 
sometimes  creeping  or  leaning  neere  the  ground,  and  sometimes 
standing  upright,  a  cubit  high,  with  many  greene  leaves,  set  by 
certaine  distances,  out  of  order  like  those  of  Glaux  vulgaris,  but 
lesser,  every  leafe  being  composed  of  fourteen  or  more  round 
topped  leaves,  a  little  hairy  by  the  edges,  set  on  each  side  of  a  long 
middle  rib,  which  is  about  nine  or  ten  inches  in  length,  without 
tendrels :  the  flowers  grow  forth  of  the  bosomes  of  the  leaves, 
neere  the  tops  of  the  stalkes,  on  long  round  streaked  hairy  foot- 
stalkes,  of  a  very  pale  yellow  colour,  like  those  of  Securidaca  minor, 
but  bigger,  growing  close  together  in  short  spikes,  which  turne  into 
spikes  of  the  length  of  two  or  three  inches,  containing  many  small 
three  cornered  cods  about  an  inch  long,  growing  close  together  like 
those  of  Glaux  vulgaris,  each  cod  containing  two  rowes  of  small 
flat  foure  cornered  seeds,  three  or  foure  in  each  row,  of  a  darke 
yellowish  or  leadish  colour,  like  to  those  of  Securidaca  minor,  but 
three  or  foure  times  as  big,  of  little  taste :  the  root  is  small,  slender, 
white,  with  a  few  threds,  and  groweth  downe  right,  and  perisheth 
when  the  seed  is  ripe.  ||  I  first  gathered  seeds  of  this  plant  in  the 
garden  of  my  good  friend  M''.  lohn  Parkinson  an  Apothecary  of 
London,  Anno  1616. — MS.  f.  107  ;  Ger.  emac,  1627-8. 

Vicia  Faba  L.  var. 
Faba  veterum  serratis  foliis  Boelii.  31  Julii  1621 

This  is  like  the  other  wilde  Beane  in  stalks,  flowers,  cods,  fruit, 
and  clasping  tendrels,  but  it  differeth  from  it  in  that  the  leaves 
hereof  (especially  those  that  grow  neere  the  tops  of  the  stalks)  are 
notched  or  indented  about  the  edges  like  the  teeth  of  a  saw.  The 
root  also  perisheth  when  the  seed  is  ripe.  ||  The  seeds  of  this  wilde 
Beane  were  gathered  by  Boelius  a  Low-country  man,  in  Baetica 
a  part  of  Spaine,  and  by  him  sent  to  M"".  William  Coys,  and  by 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


141 


him  carefully  preserved,  who  also  imparted  seeds  thereof  to  me,  in 
Aujio  1620. — MS.  f.  107;  Ger.  emac.  1628. 

Lathy riLs  Ochriis  DC. 
Ervilia  silvestris  Dodonaei,  p.  522.  31  Julij  1621 

Ervilia  sendeth  forth  3  or  4  stalks  or  branches  from  one  root, 
somewhat  like  Lathyrus,  but  broader  weaker  and  lyeinge  flatt 
uppon  the  ground :  the  leaves  are  about  two  ynches  longe  and  an 
ynch  broad,  with  claspinge  tendrells  at  the  ends,  without  footstalks, 
making  the  stalks  flatt  with  their  two  edges,  whole  bendath  on  the 
lower  parte  of  the  stalk  onlie  devided  into  2  parts  at  the  ends,  but 
neare  the  topps  of  the  branches  everie  leafe  is  devided  at  the  toppe 
into  2,  3  or  4  small  leaves.  The  flowers  are  small  of  a  pale  yealowe 
or  primrose  color  growinge  but  one  in  a  place  on  a  short  footstalk. 
The  codds  are  short  somewhatt  flatt  havinge  2  edges  or  filmes  on 
the  upper  side  wherein  is  contayned  4  or  5  or  6  round  ash  colord 
fruite,  verie  like  feild  peason  of  the  same  bignes,  and  verie  neare  of 
tast.  The  root  is  verie  small  and  threddie  and  perisheth  when  the 
seed  is  ripe. 

II  I  first  observed  this  pulse  in  the  garden  of  Mr.  John  Parkinson 
in  London  Anno  161 6,  and  after  1620  I  receaved  seeds  hereof  from 
my  trewe  frend  Mr.  William  Coys,  often  remembred,  with  many 
other. — MS.  f.  107. 

[Cf.  L.  Ochriis  DC,  28  July  1621.] 

Pis?im  arvense  L. 
Pisum  maculatum  Boelii.  31  Julii  1621 

They  are  like  to  the  small  common  field  Peason  in  stalkes,  leaves, 
and  cods  ;  the  diflerence  is,  the  flowers  are  commonly  smaller,  and 
of  a  whitish  greene  colour  :  the  Peason  are  of  a  darke  gray  colour, 
spotted  with  blacke  spots  in  shew  like  to  blacke  velvet  ;  in  taste 
they  are  also  like,  but  somewhat  harsher.  ||  These  peason  I  gathered 
in  the  garden  of  M'".  lohn  Parkinson,  a  skilfull  Apothecarie  of 
London ;  and  they  were  first  brought  out  of  Spaine  by  Boelms 
a  low-countrey  man. — MS.  f.  107  ;  Ger.  emac.  1628. 

Medicago  minima  L. 
Medica  Anglica  minor  2  Augusti  1621 

an  Trifolium  cochleatum  alterum.    Dod.  p.  579. 

Hath  many  fower  square  hairy  straked  reddish  branches,  grow- 
inge from  one  root,  two  or  three  foot  longe,  and  those  also  devided 
againe  into  other  branches,  whereon  growe  smooth  leaves  three  on 
a  footstalk,  somewhat  indented,  very  broad  at  the  toppe,  and 
narrowe  belowe,  of  the  fashion  of  a  hart,  with  a  crooked  black 


JOHN  GOODYER 


spott  in  the  middest  of  ech  leafe.  The  flowers  are  very  small  and 
yealowe,  growinge  on  short  footstalks,  alongest  the  branches,  forth 
of  the  bosomes  of  the  leaves,  3,  4  or  5  on  a  footstalk  ;  after  cometh 
small  round  fruits,  writhen  or  wound  together,  flatt  at  the  toppe, 
prickley,  no  bigger  then  a  small  pease,  wherein  lyeth  small  yealowe 
seed,  in  fashion  of  a  kidney,  but  no  bigger  then  a  flea.  The  root  is 
small,  whitish,  groweth  downeright  with  a  fe we  side  branches  and  small 
thredds,  and  perisheth  at  winter  after  the  seed  is  ripe. — MS.  f.  104. 

Medic  ago  polymorpha  L. 
Medicae  maioris  Baeticae  species  prima,  2  Aug.  i6ai 

spinulis  intortis. 

Hath  also  foure  square  reddish  streaked  hairy  trailing  branches, 
like  the  small  English  Medica^  but  greater  and  longer,  foure  or  5  foot 
long :  the  leaves  are  also  smooth,  growing  three  together,  neither 
sharpe  pointed,  nor  yet  so  broad  at  the  top  as  the  said  English 
Medica,  but  blunt  topped,  with  a  small  blacke  spot  in  the  midst, 
not  crooked :  the  flowers  are  also  yellow,  three,  foure,  or  five  on 
a  foot-stalke :  after  commeth  a  round  writhed  fruit  fully  as  big  as 
a  hasell  nut,  with  small  prickles  not  standing  foreright,  but  lying 
flat  on  the  fruit,  finely  wrapped,  plaited,  folded,  or  interlaced 
together,  wherein  lieth  wrapped  the  seed  in  fashion  of  a  kidney, 
very  like  a  kidney  beane,  but  foure  times  smaller,  and  flatter,  of 
a  shining  blacke  colour  without,  like  polished  leat ;  containing 
a  white  kernell  within :  the  root  is  like  the  former,  and  perisheth 
also  at  Winter. — MS.  f.  104;  Ger.  emac,  1200. 
['  leate '  in  MS.,  probably  =  jet.] 

Hedgehog  Medic  k.      Medicago  intertexta  L. 
Medicae  maioris  Baeticae  spinosae  species  altera.  2  Aug.  163 1 

The  branches  also  creepe  on  the  ground,  and  are  straked  smooth 
foure  square,  reddish  here  and  there,  three  or  foure  foot  long :  the 
leaves  are  smooth,  finely  notched  about  the  edges,  sharp  pointed, 
without  blacke  spots,  very  like  Medica  pericarpio  piano  :  the  flowers 
are  small  and  yellow  like  the  other :  the  fruit  is  round,  writhed  or 
turned  in,  also  fully  as  big  as  a  hasell  nut,  somewhat  cottonie  or 
woolly,  with  short  sharpe  prickles :  wherein  lyeth  also  wrapped 
a  shining  blacke  kidney-like  seed,  so  like  the  last  described,  that 
they  are  not  to  be  discerned  apart:  the  root  is  also  alike,  and 
perisheth  at  Winter. — MS.  f.  104;  Ger.  eviac.  1200. 

Medicago  marina  L. 
Medicae  marinae  spinosae  species.  2  Aug.  1621 

The  branches  of  this  are  the  least  and  shortest  of  all  the  rest. 


/ 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


143 


little  exceeding  a  foot  or  two  in  length,  and  are  foure  square, 
greene,  somewhat  hairie,  and  trailing  on  the  ground :  the  leaves  are 
like  to  those  of  Medica  pericarpio  plano^  not  fully  so  sharpe  pointed, 
without  blacke  spots,  soft,  hairy,  three  on  a  foot-stalke  :  the  flowers 
grow  alongst  the  branches,  on  very  small  foot-stalkes,  forth  of  the 
bosomes  of  the  leaves,  (not  altogether  on  or  neere  the  tops  of  the 
branches)  and  are  very  small  and  yellow,  but  one  on  a  foot-stalke  : 
after  commeth  small  round  writhed  fruit,  no  bigger  than  a  pease, 
with  very  short  sharpe  prickles,  wherein  is  contained  yellowish  seed 
of  the  fashion  of  a  kidney  like  the  former,  and  is  the  hardest  to  be 
plucked  forth  of  any  of  the  rest :  the  root  is  also  whitish  like  the 
roots  of  the  other,  and  also  perisheth  at  Winter. — MS.  f.  104 ;  Ger. 
emac.  1200. 

Linaria  tJiymifolia  DC? 
Antirrhinum  minus  flore  Linariae  luteum  inscriptum.  3  Augustii62i 
This  hath  at  the  first  many  very  small,  round,  smooth  branches 
from  one  root,  trayling  on  the  ground,  about  foure  or  five  inches  long, 
set  with  many  small  greene  short  sharp  pointed  leaves,  like  those  of 
Serpillum,  but  that  these  are  longer,  smooth,  and  three  or  foure 
growing  opposite  one  against  another :  amongst  which  rise  up  five 
or  six,  sometimes  ten  or  twelve  upright  round  smooth  little  stalks 
a  cubit  high,  divided  into  branches  bearing  small  long  smooth 
greene  leaves,  growing  without  order,  as  narrow  as  the  upper  leaves 
of  Oenanthe  Angustifolia :  at  the  toppes  of  the  stalks  and  branches 
grow  clustering  together  five  six  or  more  small  yellow  flowers, 
flowering  upwards,  leaving  a  long  spike  of  very  small  huskes,  each 
huske  having  a  small  line  or  chinke  as  though  two  huskes  were 
ioined  together,  the  one  side  of  the  huske  being  a  little  longer  than 
the  other,  wherein  is  contained  exceeding  small  blackish  seed.  The 
root  is  very  short,  small,  and  white,  with  a  few  threds,  and  perisheth 
at  winter. 

II  This  plant  is  not  written  of  that  I  can  finde.  I  received  seed 
thereof  from  William  Coys  often  remembred. — MS.  f.  103  ; 
Ger.  emac.  1626. 

Li7iaria  serpyllifolia  Lange? 
Linaria  minor  aestiva.  3  Augusti  1621 

The  stalkes  are  round,  smooth,  of  a  whitish  greene  colour,  a  foot 
high,  weake,  not  able  to  stand  upright :  whereon  grow  long  narrow 
sharpe  pointed  leaves,  most  commonly  bending  or  turning  downe- 
wards.  The  flowers  grow  in  spikes  at  the  toppes  of  the  branches, 
yet  not  very  neere  together,  and  are  verie  small  and  yellow,  with 


144 


JOHN  GOODYER 


a  small  tayle  :  the  seed  of  this  plant  is  small,  flat,  and  of  a  blackish 
gray  colour,  inclosed  in  small  round  huskes,  and  you  shall  com- 
monly have  at  one  time  flowers  and  ripe  seed  all  on  a  stalke.  The 
whole  plant  is  like  to  the  common  Linaria,  but  that  it  is  a  great 
deale  lesser,  and  the  flowers  are  six  times  as  small,  and  perish  at 
Winter.  1|  I  also  received  seeds  thereof  from  William  Coys. — 
MS.  f.  103;  Ger.  emac,  1626. 

?  Trifolium  Lagopus  L. 
Lagopus  trifolius  flore  ruberrimo.  4  Augusti  1621 

This  Lagopus  sendeth  forth  many  leaves  presentlie  from  the  root 
three  growinge  together  uppon  a  longe  footstalk  almost  round  softe 
hairie  of  a  light  greene  amongest  which  groweth  uppe  a  round 
hairy  reddish  stalk  of  a  foot  or  a  cubite  high  devided  into  certaine 
branches  under  which  growe  the  like  leaves  not  so  round  but  a  little 
longer.  At  the  topps  of  the  stalks  and  branches  growe  longe 
heads  or  spikes  about  two  ynches  longe  of  a  finger  bignes  made 
of  rough  husks  ech  huske  devided  into  five  small  narrowe  parts 
at  the  toppe  out  of  which  growe  small  flowers  of  a  delicate  bright 
redd  color,  which  fallen  there  succedeth  in  ech  of  those  husks 
a  round  thick  yealowe  seed.  ||  The  root  is  very  small,  white,  short, 
and  perisheth  when  the  seed  is  ripe. — MS.  f.  106. 

Tjdfolium  ligiisticum  Balb. 
Lagopus  trifohus  maior  Baeticus.  [4  Augusti  1621] 

Hath  many  small  round  weake  hairy  branches  about  nine  ynches 
longe  proceedinge  from  one  root  traylinge  on  the  ground  and 
those  againe  devided  into  other  branches  whereon  growe  small 
greene  round  topped  hairie  leaves  three  together  on  a  round  hairy 
footstalk  like  those  of  Trifolium  flore  albo  but  longer.  On  the 
topps  of  the  branches  growe  round  hairie  woollie  heads  amongest 
which  come  forth  small  white  flowers  like  those  of  Trifolium  flore 
albo  but  smaller,  and  have  allwaies  close  ' adioyninge  underneath 
each  flower  three  broad  hairy  scales  and  three  leaves  growinge 
thereon  like  the  former  on  a  verie  short  footstalk. 

II  The  Seeds  of  this  Hares  foot  were  gathered  in  Baetica  by 
Boelius,  and  by  him  sent  to  Mr.  William  Coys,  who  hath  ever 
since  carefullie  preserved  the  plant,  and  imparted  seeds  to  me  in 
Anno  1620. — MS.  f.  106. 

Cnicus  pratensis 

Carduus  bulbosus  Monspelliensium.  n.  d. 

Hath  at  the  first  manie  leaves  spread  abroad  uppon  or  neare  the 
ground  greene  above  &  somewhat  white  underneath  and  cottonie 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


145 


about  two  foot  longe,  sometimes  parted  or  devided  into  manic 
parts,  sometimes  into  verie  fewe,  sett  with  many  small  weake 
prickles  in  fashion  like  the  leaves  of  Cardtius  viarum,  amongest 
which  riseth  uppe  one  stalke  somewhat  wollie  champhered  or 
straked  and  devided  into  branches,  whereon  growe  leaves  like 
the  former  but  much  shorter  and  smaller,  on  the  topps  of  the 
branches  growe  round  buttons  or  hedds,  not  so  bigge  as  an  olive 
sett  full  of  small  scales  with  verie  short  innocent  pricks,  forth  of 
which  growe  abundance  of  small  purple  cheives,  and  no  borderinge 
flowers  like  those  of  Carduus  acaulis  Septentrionalmm  but  lesser, 
which  past  the  seed  followeth  inclosed  in  downe  like  other  thistles. 
The  rootes  are  bulbus  after  the  manner  of  Asphodelus,  the  old 
ones  yerelie  dieinge,  and  yonge  succeedinge,  as  doe  the  roots  of 
Oenanthe  apii  folio. — MS.  f.  124. 

[It  is  a  great  pity  that  no  locality  is  given  for  this  plant.  If 
Goodyer  found  it  growing  wild  this  would  be  the  earliest  record  for 
Britain.  The  plant  is  now  confined  to  the  county  of  Wiltshire,  whence 
it  was  recorded  for  the  first  time  in  181 3.  Smith.] 

Carlina  lanata  L. 
Acarna  flore  rubro.  11  Augusti  1621 

The  stalk  is  round  upright,  straked  full  of  white  pith  within, 
about  5  foot  high  devided  into  many  branches  espetiallie  neare  the 
root ;  under  which  growe  longe  broad  leaves  deepely  notched  by 
the  sides,  and  sett  with  very  sharpe  pricks,  very  full  of  milk  white 
strakes,  smooth  above  somewhat  hairie  on  the  vaines  or  sinewes 
underneath :  on  the  topps  of  the  stalks  and  branches  growe  3,  4  or 
5  small  hedds  not  farr  apart,  not  fullie  an  ynch  thick  full  of  gentle 
short  crooked  pricks  by  the  sides,  with  purple  cheives  at  the  toppe 
closely  compact  together,  ech  havinge  growinge  close  underneath 
him  3,  4  or  more  prickly  leaves  with  reddish  vaynes,  the  seed  is 
greate,  broad  at  the  toppe,  blackish  without,  with  a  white  kernell 
within  wrapped  or  inclosed  in  white  downe,  of  a  bitter  tast,  and  is 
more  then  twise  as  bigge,  as  the  seed  of  Carduus  marie. 

This  plant  at  the  first  sight  is  in  stalks  leaves  and  purple  flowers, 
verie  like  to  our  ladies  thistle  &  is  hard  to  be  distinguished  from  it 
but  by  the  number  of  the  flowers  growinge  neare  together,  and  the 
prickley  leaves  growinge  close  underneath  them.  ||  Mr.  William 
Coys  receaved  the  seeds  hereof  from  L'obell  by  the  foresaid  name. 
Mr.  Coys  imparted  of  his  seeds  unto  me,  Anno  1620. — MS.  f.  105. 

Notobasis  syriaca  Cass. 
Silibum  minus  flore  nutante  Boelii.  11  Augusti  1621 

This  Thistle  is  in  stalkes  and  leaves  much  smaller  than  our  Ladies 

L 


146 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Thistle,  that  is  to  say,  the  stalkes  are  round,  straked,  somewhat 
woolly,  with  narrow  skinny  prickly  edges  three  or  foure  foot  high, 
divided  into  many  branches,  whereon  grow  long  leaves,  deeply 
divided,  full  of  white  milke-like  strakes  and  sharpe  prickles  by  the 
edges :  the  flowers  grow  on  the  tops  of  the  stalks  and  branches, 
forth  of  small  heads,  commonly  turning  downwards,  of  the  bignesse 
of  an  Olive,  set  with  very  small  slender  sharpe  pricks,  containing 
nothing  but  small  purple  chives,  spreading  abroad  like  those  of 
lacea,  with  some  blewish  chives  in  the  middle :  the  seed  followeth, 
inclosed  in  downe,  and  is  small  and  grayish  like  the  seed  of  other 
Thistles,  but  it  is  as  clammy  as  Bird-lime.  ||  The  whole  plant 
perisheth  at  Winter,  and  reneweth  it  selfe  by  the  falling  of  his  seed. 
I  finde  not  that  this  is  written  of  It  was  first  gathered  by  Boelius 
in  Spaine,  and  imparted  unto  M"*.  William  Coys,  who  friendly  gave 
me  seeds  thereof — MS.  f.  105  ;  Ger.  ernac.  1627. 

Woolly  Thistle.      Cnictis  eriophorus  L. 
Carduus  Eriocephalus,  Corona  fratrum  quorundam.  13  Augusti  1621 
It  is  the  6*"^  in  Ger.  p.  900. 

This  thistle  hath  many  leaves  at  the  beginninge  spread  on  the 
ground  bigge  longe  very  much  devided  very  pricklie  white  under- 
neath but  greene  above  and  somewhat  rough  ech  leafe  havinge  as 
it  were  fower  rowes  of  small  leaves  betwene  which  groweth  uppe 
a  stalk  3  or  4  foot  high  somewhat  woollie  thick  straked  devided 
into  many  branches  sett  with  leaves  like  to  those  which  spread 
uppon  the  ground  but  lesser  uppon  the  topps  of  the  branches 
growe  greate  hedds  with  many  thornie  prickles  and  so  cumpassed 
about  or  fraught  with  woollines  like  Spiders  webbs  that  the  prickles 
doe  only  a  little  appeare,  the  hedds  openinge  themselves  comes 
out  the  flowers  consisting  of  many  purple  cheives,  whereunto 
succeedeth  the  seed  inclosed  with  downe,  shininge  somethinge 
longe  as  in  many  other  thistles.  The  roote  is  longe  with  many 
little  thredds,  above  an  ynch  thick  Russett  without.  It  seedeth 
not  till  two  or  three  yeres  after  the  sowinge,  and  most  comonly 
perisheth  after  it  hath  borne  seed. 

II  I  found  this  wild  neare  London  highwaie  on  the  east  parte  of 
Haliborne  in  Hampsheire,  1617.    And  also  in  the  highwaie  neare 
Abington  leadinge  towards  Oxford  the  %  of  July  161%. — MS.  f.  105. 
[See  also  under  29  June  1621.] 

E  rod iu  vi  grii  in  ii  m  W  i  1 1  d . 
Geranii  Boeticae,  species  Boelii.  14  Aug.  1621 

This  hath  at  the  beginning  many  broad  leaves,  indented  about 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


147 


the  edges,  somwhat  divided,  like  those  of  Geraiiiuni  Cretictini^  but 
of  a  h'ghter  greene  colour,  and  smaller :  amongst  which  grow  up 
many  round  hairy  kneed  trailing  branches,  divided  into  many  other 
branches,  bearing  leaves  like  the  former,  but  smaller,  and  no  more 
divided.  The  flowers  are  smal  like  those  of  Geranium  Moschatiim^ 
but  of  a  deeper  reddish  colour,  each  flower  having  five  small  round 
topped  leaves :  after  followeth  small  long  hairie  seed,  growing  at 
the  lower  end  of  a  sharpe  pointed  beak  like  that  of  Geranium 
Moschatum :  the  whole  plant  perisheth  when  the  seed  is  ripe. 

II  Boelius  a  Low-countrey  man  gathered  the  seeds  hereof  in  Boetica 
a  part  of  Spaine,  and  imparted  them  to  M"".  William  Coys^  a  man 
very  skilfull  in  the  knowledge  of  Simples,  who  hath  gotten  plants 
thereof,  and  of  infinite  other  strange  herbes,  and  friendly  gave  me 
seeds  hereof,  and  of  many  other.  Anno  1620. — MS.  f  106;  Ger. 
emac,  1626. 

[This  species  is  probably  the  Geranium  Alceae  vesicariae  foliis  or 
Venice  Mallow-leafed  Cranesbill  concerning  which  Parkinson  wrote, 
'This  and  the  third  among  a  number  of  other  seeds  were  brought  me 
by  Guillaume  Boel  which  he  gathered  in  Spaine  upon  my  charge  ; 
however  Mr.  Goodier  getting  the  seeds  from  Mr.  Coys,  caused  it  and 
divers  other  things  to  be  published  in  his  name:  notwithstanding 
I  told  him  the  charge  was  mine  that  procured  it  and  many  other'. 
Theatrum,  p.  707.] 

Hedysarum  humile  L. 
Hedysarum  clypeatum.  14  Aug.  1621. 

Hath  at  the  first  many  smooth  large  leaves,  lyeinge  on  or  neare 
the  ground,  ech  leafe  beinge  made  comonly  of  7  or  more  leaves, 
usuallie  growinge  on  a  cornered  straked  midle  ribbe  three  one  against 
another,  and  the  biggest  at  the  toppe,  sometimes  one  or  2  growinge 
by  them  selves,  ech  leafe  beinge  about  an  ynch  broad  and  2  ynches 
longe,  and  are  proportionablie  round  both  at  the  toppe  &  towards 
the  midle  ribbe  or  footstalk;  amonge  which  from  one  root  growe 
uppe  4,  5  or  more  round  greene  pliant  straked  stalks,  leaninge 
towards  the  ground,  of  a  reasonable  bignes  about  three  foot  high 
bearinge  by  longe  distances  leaves  like  the  former ;  the  flowers 
growe  at  the  topps  of  y®  stalks  on  very  longe  footstalks  in  greate 
spikes,  of  a  delicate  redd  color,  in  fashion  like  those  of  broome, 
after  followeth  rough  round  flatt  burrs,  growinge  likewise  in  spikes 
4,  5  or  more  fastened  or  growinge  forthright  one  uppon  another,  or 
one  at  the  toppe  of  another  after  a  strange  fashion,  ech  burr  beinge 
verie  like  in  fashion  and  biggnes  to  the  burrs  of  Cynoglossum  or 
Hounds  tongue,  everie  burr  inclosinge  one  small  seed.  The  root 
[MS.  ends  abruptly].— f.  106. 

L  2 


148 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Diotis  mai'itima  Cass. 
Gnaphalium  marinum.  20  Augusti  1631 

Gerard  pag:  515.    The  i  &  2  are  both  one. 

The  root  is  longe  slender  yealowish  woodie  and  groweth  deepe 
in  the  sande  or  gravell,  and  sendeth  forth  many  small  round  branches 
and  those  againe  devided  into  other  branches  about  half  a  foot 
longe,  besett  with  small  short  blunt  topped  leaves  growinge  all 
alongest  the  stalk  very  thick  together,  without  footstalks.  The 
whole  herbe  both  branches  &  leaves  are  covered  over  with  a  thick 
white  delicate  softe  cotten  like  Gnaphalium  Americanuni,  called  in 
English  '  live  ever  '  much  whiter  softer  and  more  cottonie  then  anie 
of  the  other  Cotton-weeds.  Of  a  bitter  tast  and  pleasant  smell, 
somethinge  like  to  sea  wormewood.  ||  The  flowers  I  observed  not. 

I  found  one  plant  hereof  growinge  on  the  seashoare  on  the  south 
parte  of  the  Hand  of  Haylinge  in  Hampsheire,  the  20^^  of  August 
162 1.  And  brought  it  into  my  garden  where  the  winter  foUowinge 
it  perished. — MS.  f.  103. 

Sea  Heath.     Frankenia  laevis  L. 
An  Polygoni  marini  species.  20  Augusti  1621 

This  hath  one  verie  longe  whitish  root  of  the  bignes  of  a  wheate 
strawe,  sett  here  and  there  with  small  threeds,  creapinge  farr  into 
the  sand  or  sea  baich,  which  a  little  within  the  soile  sendeth  forth 
manie  weake  smooth  greene  branches  sometimes  devided  into  other 
branches  three  or  fower  ynches  longe  above  the  grounde,  bearinge 
many  smooth  grasse  greene  short  small  leaves  ;  somewhat  round 
yet  sharpe  at  the  toppe,  a  little  resemblinge  Rubia  minor  flore  ruhro. 
There  groweth  at  the  topps  of  the  branches  very  small  whitish 
flowers  ^  contayninge  5  little  round  topped  leaves  a  peece,  no  bigger 
then  a  pinns  head,  which  perished  without  bearinge  any  seed  at  all. 

II  This  I  found  on  the  sea  shoare  in  the  west  parte  of  the  Hand 
of  Haylinge  in  Hampsheire  and  in  other  places  by  sea  likewise. 
I  brought  it  into  my  garden  where  it  flowred  as  aforesaid  about  the 
midle  of  May.— f.  103. 

Rhagadioliis  edulis  Gaertn. 
Hieratium  Narbonense  falcata  siliqua  L'obelij.       22  Augusti  162 1 
Ger.  p.  285.  (7). 

The  stalks  are  round  hairy  straked  a  cubite  high  ojr  higher,  devided 
into  many  branches  :  whereon  growe  broad  rough  greene  leaves, 
very  bluntly  indented  about  the  edges  ;  the  flowers  are  small  and 

^  Flo;  in  horto  21  Maij. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


149 


yealovve  like  those  of  Lampsaiia.  The  seed  is  small  browne  some- 
what longe,  hairie  at  the  toppe,  not  inclosed  in  downe,  but  within 
small  heads,  made  of  small  short  crooked  hairie  sharpe  pointed 
husks,  not  exceedinge  half  an  ynch  in  lenght,  which  open  when  the 
seed  is  ripe  and  spread  abroad  like  larkes  clawes  starr  fashion,  and 
not  before.  The  root  is  small  hairie,  full  of  milkie  iuyce,  as  is  also 
the  whole  plant,  and  perisheth  when  the  seed  is  ripe. — MS.  f.  loi  ; 
Ger.  ernac.  1625. 

Rhagadiohis  ediilis  Gaertn. 
Hieracium  stellatum  Boelij.  22  Aug.  1623 

This  plant  is  in  round,  hairy,  straked,  branched  stalks,  and  longe, 
rough,  blunt  indented  leaves  like  to  Hieracium  falcatum^  but  scarce 
a  foot  high :  the  flowers  are  also  yellow  three  times  smaller :  which 
past,  there  succeed  long  crooked  slender  sharpe  pointed  cods  or 
huskes,  neere  an  inch  long,  spreading  abroad,  star-fashion,  wherein 
a  long  seed  is  contained  :  this  hath  no  heads  or  woolly  down  like 
any  of  the  rest,  but  onely  the  said  crooked  coddes  which  doe  at  the 
first  spread  abroad.  The  root  is  small,  threddie,  full  of  milkie  iuice, 
as  is  also  the  whole  plant  and  it  perisheth  when  the  seed  is  ripe. — 
MS.  f.  loi ;  Ger.  emac.  1625. 

Tolpis  barbata  Gaertn. 
Hieracium  medio  nigrum  flore  maiore  Boelij.  22  Aug.  1621 

This  hath  at  the  first  spreading  upon  the  ground  many  long 
narrow,  green,  smooth  leaves  bluntly  indented  about  the  edges,  like 
those  of  Hieracium  falcatum^  but  smaller :  amongst  which  rise  up 
three,  foure,  or  more,  small,  smooth,  straked  round  stalks,  divided 
into  other  branches,  which  grow  longer  than  the  stalks  themselves 
leaning  or  trayling  neere  the  ground  :  the  flowers  grow  on  the  tops  of 
the  stalks,  but  one  together,  composed  of  many  pale  yellow  leaves, 
the  middle  of  each  flower  being  of  a  blackish  purple  colour. — MS, 
f.  loi  ;  Ger.  emac.  1625. 

[In  last  line  but  one  the  MS.  has  '  yealowe  flowers ',  doubtless  rightly 
corrected  to  '  yellow  leaves '  by  the  editor.] 

Tolpis  iimbellata  /?  minor  Lange. 
Hieracium  medio  nigrum  flore  minore  Boelij.  [22  Aug.  1621] 

This  is  altogether  like  the  last  before  described  in  stalkes  and 
leaves :  the  flowers  are  also  of  a  blackish  purple  in  the  middle,  but 
they  are  three  times  smaller. — MS,  f.  loi  ;  Ger.  emac.  1625. 

Hieracium  intybacetim  L. 
Hieratium  intybaceum.  [22  Aug.  1621] 

This  sendeth  forth  from  one  small  root  many  rough  leaves  like 


JOHN  GOODYER 


those  of  wild  Cicorie  very  much  lagged  and  devided  even  to  the 
midle  ribbe  amongest  which  rise  uppe  many  short  round  hairy  straked 
browne  redd  little  stalks  a  foot  high  or  higher  devided  into  one  or 
two  branches  bearinge  a  fewe  leaves  lesser  then  the  former  at  the 
topps  of  the  branches  growe  greate  doble  flowers  (bearinge  many 
more  leaves  then  Clusius  spakes  of)  sometimes  single  only  havinge 
the  outer  border  of  leaves  of  a  pleasant  reddish  purple  color.  The 
seed  is  very  longe  &  browne  with  much  white  downe  at  the  toppe 
inclosed  in  heads  made  of  crooked  husks  or  codds  like  those  of 
Hieratium  falcatum. — MS,  f.  loi. 

Hieracium  andryaloides  Vill. 
Hieracium  lanosum.  [22  Aug.  1621] 

There  groweth  from  one  root  three,  foure  or  more  round  upright 
soft  cottonie  stalks,  of  a  reasonable  bignesse,  two  foot  high,  divided 
into  many  branches,  especially  neere  the  top,  whereon  groweth  at 
each  division  one  broad  sharpe  pointed  leafe,  divided  into  corners, 
and  very  much  crumpled,  and  also  very  soft  cottonie  and  woolly, 
as  is  the  whole  plant :  the  flowers  are  small,  double,  of  a  pale  yellow 
colour,  very  like  those  of  Pilosella  repens,  growing  clustering  very 
many  together  at  the  tops  of  the  stalkes  and  branches,  forth  of 
small  round  soft  cottonie  heads  :  these  foure  ^  plants  grew  from  seed 
which  I  received  from  Coys^  1620,  and  I  made  these  descrip- 
tions by  the  Plants  the  22.  of  August,  1621. — MS,  f.  loi  ;  Ger, 
emac.  1625-6. 

Androsace  maxima  L. 
Androsace  altera  Mathioli.    Ger.  p.  425.  23  Aug.  1621 

Hath  many  leaves  spread  abroad  uppon  the  ground  like  those  of 
plantaine  but  lesser  with  three  sinewes,  of  a  pale  greene  color, 
notched  by  the  sides,  full  of  iuyce,  in  tast  somewhat  sharpe: 
amongest  which  rise  uppe  six  sometimes  more  small  stalks  a  span 
high  of  an  herbie  color  sometimes  purple,  naked  somewhat  hairie, 
which  .in  the  verie  toppe  hath  a  little  crowne  made  of  5  smalle 
leaves  hairy  and  notched  like  the  lower  leaves  but  smaller  from 
where  growe  forth  5  or  more  little  footstalks  bearinge  a  little  herbie 
hairie  huske  made  also  of  5  leaves  notched  also  by  the  sides, 
which  hath  a  small  white  flower  in  the  midle  devided  into  five 
parts. — MS.  f.  102. 

Bartsia  Odontites  Huds.  var.  alb. 
Euphrasia  2  Dod.  flo.  albo.  24  Aug.  1621 

Apud  Bellmere  pond. — MS.  f.  53  v. 

*  The  MS.  has  '  6    including  the  two  descriptions  not  printed  in  Gei'.  emac. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


Climbing  Fumitory.      Corydalis  claviculata  DC. 
Fumaria  claviculis  donatis.    Phyto  246  (4).  30  Aug.  1621 

At  Southsea  Castle  in  flower  30  Augusti  1621. — MS.  f.  53  V. 

?  Lapsana  Zacintha  L. 
Cichorium  verrucatum.  i  Sept.  1621 

Hath  at  the  first  many  longe  iagged  greene  leaves  like  those  of 
Cicorie  but  smaller,  a  little  hairy  &  very  bitter,  amongst  which 
springe  uppe  round  straked  stalks  2  or  3  foot  high,  hairy  belowe, 
smooth  above,  devided  into  branches,  bearinge  leaves  on  the  lower 
parte  like  the  former,  but  smaller  towards  the  toppe.  The  flowers 
are  like  those  of  Cicorie  but  very  small,  yealowe  &  growe  on  very 
short  footstalks,  forth  of  the  bosomes,  on  the  sides,  and  on  the 
topps  of  the  branches,  which  turne  not  into  downe  but  into  hard 
hedds,  with  a  little  tuft  at  the  toppe,  composed  commonly  of  eight 
knotts,  corners  or  bunches  sett  orderly  round,  wherein  is  the  seed. 

The  root  is  white  and  short  not  much  unlike  that  of  Rapunadus, 
full  of  small  branches  &  little  thredds.  ||  The  whole  herbe  perisheth 
when  the  seed  is  ripe. — MS.  f.  102. 

Scorpiuriis  stibvillosa  L. 
Scorpioides  multiflorus  Boelii.  i  Sept.  162 1 

This  Plant  is  in  creeping  branches  and  leaves  like  the  common 
Scorpioides  btipleuri  folio:  the  flowers  are  also  alike,  but  a  little 
bigger,  and  grow  foure  or  five  together  on  one  foot-stalke :  the 
cods  are  rougher,  and  very  much  turned  round,  or  folded  one 
within  another :  in  all  things  else  alike. — MS.  f.  102 ;  Ger.  emac. 
1627. 

Scorpiurus  vermiculata  L. 
Scorpioides  siliqua  crassa  Boelii.  i  Sept.  162 1 

This  is  also  like  the  other  in  creeping  branches  and  leaves  :  the 
flowers  are  something  bigger  than  any  of  the  rest,  and  grow  not 
above  one  or  two  together  on  a  foot-stalk  :  the  cods  are  crooked, 
without  any  rough  haire,  yet  finely  checkquered,  and  seven  times 
bigger  than  any  of  the  rest,  fully  as  big  as  a  great  Palmer- worme, 
wherein  is  the  difl'erence :  the  seed  is  almost  round,  yet  extending 
somewhat  in  length,  almost  as  big  as  small  field  Peason,  of  a 
browne  or  yellowish  colour.  This  also  perisheth  when  the  seed  is 
ripe. — MS.  f.  102  ;  Gei'.  emac.  1627. 

Sea  Heath.     Frankenia  laevis  L. 
Polygonum  alterum  pusillo  vermiculato,  serpilli  folia  Penae.  Ger. 
453(3).  3  Sept.  1621 

Hath  many  small  round  smooth  hard  woodie  branches,  somewhat 


JOHN  GOODYER 


reddish,  traylinge  on  the  ground  9  ynches  or  a  foot  longe :  whereon 
by  short  distances  on  small  ioynts  grow  tufts  of  very  small  short 
blunt  topped  smooth  greene  leaves,  in  a  manner  round,  like  those 
of  the  smallest  time,  but  much  smaller  and  without  smell,  devidinge 
it  self  at  the  bosom es  of  those  leaves  into  small  branches,  on  the 
topps  of  which  branches  growe  small  flowers,  one  flower  on  a  branch 
and  no  more,  consistinge  of  fower  small  round  topped  leaves  a  peece, 
of  a  faint  or  pale  purplish  color.  I  observed  no  seed.  The  root 
is  woodie  blackish  without,  very  bitter  with  some  tast  of  heate  and 
groweth  deepe  into  the  ground.  The  leaves  are  nothinge  so  full 
of  iuyce  as  Aizoon. 

I  found  it  flowringe  the  3  of  Sept.  1621  on  the  diches  bancks  at 
Burseldon  Ferrey  by  the  seaside  in  Hampsheire. — MS.  f.  89  and 
Ger.  emac.  567. 

Glasswort.      Salicornia  herbacea  L. 
Kali  album.   Dodo.  p.  81.    minus,  Adversar.  p.  170.    3  Sept.  1621 
Ger.  hath  it  not. 

Hath  many  small  round  straked  branches  sometimes  standinge 
upright,  sometimes  traylinge  on  the  ground,  devided  into  other 
smaller  branches,  sett  full  of  small  longe  narrowe  whitish  greene 
leaves,  very  full  of  saltish  iuyce.  The  bosomes  of  the  leaves  are 
thick  fraught  with  very  small  bunches,  husks  or  little  buttons, 
v/hich  opened  there  appeare  very  small  short  pale  yealowe  cheives, 
which  are  the  flowers.  The  seed  followeth  which  is  [a  blank 
space].  The  root  is  verie  small  white  threddie  and  perisheth  at 
winter.  This  plant  doth  at  the  first  viewe  before  you  come  very 
neere  it  appeare  like  yonge  broome. — MS.  f.  iii. 

Nigella  sp. 

Nigella  flore  albo  pleno.  [3  Sept.  1621] 

is  the  fourth  in  Ger.  p.  925  accordinge  to  the  description. — MS. 
f.  III. 

Nigella  Damascena  L. 
Nigella  multiplex.  Sept.  1621 

Melanthium  Damascenum  flore  pleno  Clus. 

The  doble  damaske  Nigella  hath  small  round  smooth  tough 
stalks,  devided  into  verie  many  branches,  whereon  growe  the  leaves 
which  are  exceedinge  small  like  thredds,  verie  finelie  iagged  and 
of  a  darke  greene  color  :  at  the  toppe  of  ech  stalk  and  branch 
groweth  one  faire  doble  flower  of  a  pale  or  whitish  blewe  color,  and 
close  underneath  ech  flower  groweth  five  iagged  leaves  altogether 
like  those  on  the  stalks.    The  seed  is  inclosed  in  a  head  like  the 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


153 


former  and  is  [a  blank  space].  The  root  is  small  and  yealowe  with 
some  threeds.  The  whole  plant  (except  the  doblenes  of  the  flowers) 
is  like  the  single  Damaske  Nigella. — MS.  f.  111. 

Nigella  hispanica  L.  5'°  Sept.  J 62 J 

Nigella  elegans  ex  Hispania. 

This  beutifull  Nigella  hath  small  round  straked  upright  stalks, 
devided  into  branches,  whereon  growe  lagged  leaves  of  a  pale  greene 
color,  whose  iaggs  are  not  so  broad  as  those  of  Nigella  flore  albo 
plc7to,  nor  so  narrowe  or  small  as  those  of  Nigella  Damascena.  At 
the  toppe  of  ech  stalk  and  branch  groweth  one  greate  pleasant 
flower,  bigger  then  anie  of  the  other  sorts  of  Nigella,  made  of 
5  sharpe  pointed  wrinckled  leaves,  everie  leafe  beinge  about  anynch 
both  in  lenght  and  bredth,  of  a  beutifull  purple  color  above,  and  of 
a  whitish  greene  with  a  little  shewe  of  purple  underneath.  In  the 
midle  of  the  flower  groweth  the  head  havinge  sometimes  but  7  or  8 
most  comonlie  12  or  13  homes,  at  the  first  small  of  a  deepe 
murrey  or  obscure  browne  redd  color,  about  which  groweth  manie 
cheives  of  the  same  color,  next  and  close  above  the  leaves  of  the 
flower,  there  groweth  spread  abroad  8  small  forked  leaves  of  a  blewe 
color,  with  a  reddish  line  crossinge  them  at  the  first,  and  afterwards 
havinge  a  white  line  close  adioyninge,  and  one  small  short  pointell 
appearinge  neare  the  midle  of  ech  of  those  leaves.  The  leaves 
of  the  flowers  beinge  readie  to  fall  away,  the  heads  appeare  greater, 
and  are  rough  sett  as  it  were  with  fine  redd  spotts,  and  the  homes 
are  wound  or  turned  round  in  the  end. — MS,  f.  iii. 

[Both  of  these  descriptions  of  Nigellas  were  sent  to  Johnson  but 
were  not  included  in  the  Herbal,  cf.  p.  1085.] 

Convolvulus  purpureus  L.  var. 
Convolvulus  coeruleus  Bryoniae  nigraefolio.  7  Sept.  1621 

flos  Noctis.  non  script. 

Hath  manie  small  weake  round  hairie  browne  redd  branches, 
growinge  from  one  root,  windinge  wrappinge  and  turninge  them 
selves  against  the  sunne,  round  sticks  or  poles  that  are  sett  by  them 
for  that  purpose  :  whereon  by  certaine  distances  growe  greate 
broad  leaves,  in  a  manner  round,  yet  picked  at  the  toppe,  without 
anie  corners  like  Ivie  leaves,  verie  like  those  of  Bryonia  nigra  but 
rounder,  somewhat  rough  above  and  smooth  underneath.  Forth  of 
the  bosomes  of  the  leaves  growe  longe  slender  hairie  footstalks,  on 
the  toppe  whereof  growe  2  or  3  most  beutifull  flowers,  not  flowringe 
all  at  a  time  but  one  after  another,  those  that  will  open  in  the 
morninge  make  some  small  shewe  overnight,  onlie  wound  together, 
and  not  of  half  their  growth,  erlie  in  the  morninge  they  appeare  in 


154  JOHN  GOODYER 

their  full  lenght,  but  ioyned  close  together  with  5  corners,  which 
after  in  a  short  time  open  and  are  round  like  a  little  bell,  like  those 
of  white  Bindweed,  but  of  a  delicate  Azure  or  as  it  were  a  color 
of  blevve  and  redd  mixed  together,  with  five  straight  strakes  or 
lynes  in  the  inside  like  redd  darke  colored  crimson  velvet.  This 
glorious  shewe  continueth  but  awhile,  for  towards  night  the  same 
daie  that  they  open,  they  beginn  to  vade  and  fold  themselves  in 
together  at  the  toppe,  and  never  open  againe,  and  the  next  daie  fall 
quite  away.    Quaere,  whether  they  do  always  so. — MS.  f.  no. 

Centatirea  salmantica  L. 
Stoebe  Salmantica  j^^^  Clusii  foHis  Cichorei.  8  Sept.  1621 

Hath  at  the  first  large  leaves  about  a  foote  and  a  half  longe 
spread  abroad  uppon  the  ground  unorderly  iagged  even  to  the  midle 
ribbe  and  those  iaggs  are  indented  about  the  edges  sawe  fashion, 
but  not  devided  into  other  iaggs,  ech  small  indentinge  endinge 
with  a  weake  sharpe  prickley  point  verie  thick  sett  with  fine  softe 
cotton-like  hairines  somewhat  like  the  devided  leaves  of  Cichorie 
amongst  which  riseth  uppe  a  round  straked  stalk  5  or  six  foot  high, 
devided  into  many  branches,  of  a  browne  reddish  color,  with  a  softe 
hairines  like  that  on  the  leaves  towards  the  root,  whereon  growe 
leaves  like  the  former  but  lesser  and  lesser  upwards  on  the  stalk, 
the  stalk  and  branches  beinge  very  little  or  nothinge  at  all  hairy 
towards  their  topps,  and  bearinge  very  narrowe  prickley  topped 
leaves  almost  without  haires,  not  devided  like  the  former,  but  onlie 
deepelie  indented,  endinge  with  sharpe  but  weake  pricks.  At  the 
toppe  of  ech  stalk  and  branch  groweth  one  head  sett  on  the  outside 
with  smooth  scales,  ech  scale  endinge  with  a  very  small  short  harme- 
lesse  prickle,  out  of  the  toppe  whereof  groweth  abundance  of  pale 
purple  cheives  very  like  the  flowers  of  Cardtms  vulgatissimus,  or 
Carduus  biilbosus  moTispel.  and  not  unlike  the  flowers  of  Jacea,  but 
havinge  no  larger  spreadinge  flowers  on  the  borders  like  it,  or  like 
the  flowers  of  Cyaniis. — MS.  f.  92. 

Anthemis  tinctoria  L. 
Buphthalmum  vulgare.    primum  Matthioli.  9  Sept.  1621 

Hath  manie  small  round  straked  brittle  branches  cominge  from  one 
root  about  2  foot  high,  and  those  againe  devided  into  other  branches 
covered  with  a  little  thinne  white  cottonlike  woollines  whereon 
growe  the  leaves  of  a  whitish  greene  color,  spread  abroad  devided 
into  many  parts  and  those  small  devisions  are  finelie  iagged  or 
minced  like  the  leaves  of  Tansie  but  much  smaller.  On  the  topps 
of  the  stalks  and  branches  growe  the  flowers  somethinge  like  those 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


of  Chrysantheminn  scgctum  but  smaller  no  bigger  then  Camomill 
flowers  not  onlie  havinge  a  greate  yealowe  ball  or  dish  in  the  midle 
but  also  those  small  leaves  which  compasse  the  ball  and  likewise  of 
a  bright  yealowe  color  and  are  finely  nickt  at  the  toppe  and  comonlie 
two,  three,  fower  or  five  &  twentie  in  number. — MS,  f.  no. 

?  Papaver  hybridttm  L. 
Argemone  Pavio.  9  Sept.  1621 

Hath  manie  round  hairie  stalks  or  branches  proceeding  from 
one  root  about  3  foot  longe  whereon  growe  longe  iagged  leaves 
full  of  white  milk-like  iuyce  as  are  also  the  branches.  At  the 
topps  of  the  branches  growe  greate  flowers  havinge  4  greate  round 
topped  leaves  a  peece  of  a  light  redd  or  crimson  color.  The  heads 
or  seed  vessells  are  small  smooth  three  quarters  of  an  ynch  longe, 
wherein  is  contayned  plentie  of  exceedinge  small  seed  of  a  yealowish 
redd  color.  The  root  is  small  and  perisheth  when  the  seed  is  ripe. 
This  herbe  is  like  Papaver  Rhoeas  in  leaves,  stalks,  flowers  &  milkie 
iuyce,  but  the  stalks  are  longer,  the  flower  much  paler  &  the  seed 
vessels  longer. — MS.  f.  113. 

Papaver  Rhoeas  (3  setigerum  Boenn. 
Papaver  Rhoeas  Baeticum.  [9  Sept.  1621] 

I  cannot  discerne  wherein  it  differeth  from  our  comon  Papaver 
Rhoeas.— f.  113. 

Achillea  nobilis  L. 
Achillea  sideritis.  Tanacetum  minus  Dodo:  Achillea  Math:  p.  213. 
Achillea,  sine  millefolium  nobile  Gerardo,  p.  915.  9  Sept.  1621 
Hath  sometimes  4,  5  or  more  round  hard  stiffe  straked  stalks 
proceedinge  from  one  root,  and  those  sendinge  forth  even  from  the 
root  to  the  toppe  many  small  side  branches,  whereon  growe  very 
manie  small  iagged  leaves,  devided  into  many  smaller  parts,  some- 
thinge  like  those  of  Buphthalmum  Matthioli  but  not  so  finelie 
minced  or  iagged,  the  small  side  branches  of  the  leaves  verie  well 
resemblinge  Cornu  Cervinum  Lobelij,  of  a  whitish  greene  color  and 
of  a  stronge  smell  but  not  unpleasant,  verie  hott  and  bitter  in  tast. 
On  the  topps  of  the  stalks  and  branches  growe  large  umbells  of 
small  white  flowers  verie  like  those  of  Comon  yarrowe  in  smell  like 
the  herbe.— i]/5.  f.  113. 

}  Alchemilla  alpina  L, 
Heptaphyllum  maius.    Phyto.  651.  (8).  11  Sept.  1621 

The  stalks  growe  upright  and  are  round  firme  somethinge 
hairie  of  a  reasonable  bignes  2  or  3  foot  high  devided  neare  the 
toppe  into  many  small  branches,  the  leaves  growe  on  longe  hairie 


156 


JOHN  GOODYER 


footstalks  out  of  order,  everie  leafe  beinge  usuallie  devided  into 
7  leaves  deeplie  notched  or  indented  by  the  sides,  and  those  that 
growe  next  the  ground  are  comonlie  4  or  5  ynches  longe  and  neare 
1  ynches  broad  altogether  like  in  color  and  fashion  to  the  Comon 
Cinckfoile.  The  flowers  growe  on  the  branches  of  a  pale  yealowe 
color,  made  of  5  broad  topped  leaves,  with  a  Iplunt  nick  at  the  toppe 
of  ech  leafe,  and  are  manie  in  number  and  flower  one  after  another, 
whereby  it  continueth  longe  in  flowringe:  the  seed  is  small  and 
browne  contayned  in  leafie  husks  or  hedds.  The  root  is  short  and 
small  brown  without  and  white  within  with  many  strings  or  small 
roots  growinge  from  the  upper  parte  thereof,  and  is  perennis. — MS, 
f.  113. 

Lamhim  Orvala  L. 
Lamium  Pannonicum  1^  exoticum  Clusij,  p.  xxxviij.  11  Sept.  1621 
This  strange  Lamium  the  first  yere  after  it  is  sowen,  hath  leaves 
almost  round,  very  like  nettle  leaves,  but  for  the  most  parte  much 
bigger,  with  a  fine  softe  hairines,  and  whilest  they  are  yonge  covered 
with  a  fatt  clammie  matter  as  it  were  a  dewe,  indented  by  the 
sides,  growinge  on  longe  softe  hairie  footstalks ;  amongest  which 
leaves,  the  springe  after  the  sowinge,  there  groweth  uppe  hollowe 
stalks,  3  or  4  foot  high,  eyther  fower  square  or  with  six  corners 
(for  there  are  comonlie  of  both  sorts  growinge  from  one  root)  also 
covered  with  a  softe  hairines,  alongest  which  by  certaine  distances, 
on  short  footstalks,  growe  sometimes  2  sometimes  3  leaves,  allwaies 
one  right  against  another  lesser  and  shorter  then  the  other:  out 
of  whose  bosomes  growe  sometimes  2,  sometimes  3  (accordinge 
to  the  number  of  the  leaves)  small  hairie  footstalks,  an  ynch  longe 
bearinge  3  or  4  flowers  or  more,  of  the  bignes  of  a  pease,  which  are 
of  a  pale  yealowish  greene  color,  hollowe  within,  with  a  small  hole 
at  the  toppe,  out  of  which  groweth  a  fewe  small  short  cheives ; 
after  the  flowers  there  succeed  small  sharpe  pointed  heads  almost 
like  those  of  flax,  but  more  like  those  of  the  Common  Scrophularia, 
full  of  very  small  black  seed.  The  root  is  crooked  with  many 
small,  hairie  threeds  like  that  of  the  nettle,  whose  stalks  perish 
in  the  winter  sendinge  forth  other  againe  at  the  springe,  and  some- 
times before  winter,  and  flowringe  againe  as  at  the  springe. 

j|  I  receaved  the  seeds  which  produced  this  plant,  with  many 
other  from  the  most  worthie  English  Herborist,  my  very  good  frend 
Mr.  William  Coys  often  remembred. — MS.  f.  112. 

Clary.      Salvia  Verticillata  L. 
Horminum  silvestre  tercium  Clusij,  p.  xxix.  ?  [13  Sept.  1621] 

Hath  at  the  first  hairie  leaves  spread  uppon  the  ground  about 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


157 


five  ynches  broad  and  5  ynchcs  longe,  bluntlie  indented  by  the 
edges,  almost  round  at  the  toppc  :  amongest  which  rise  uppe  square 
hairie  kneed  stalkes  about  a  foot  or  cubite  high,  bearinge  leaves 
by  cooples  one  opposite  against  another,  like  the  former  but  lesser 
and  more  sharper  pointed,  sometimes  with  two  little  leaves  like 
eares  growinge  on  the  footstalks  of  the  leaves,  of  no  ill  or  stronge 
smell,  the  stalks  devide  them  selves  into  braunches  at  the  bosomes 
of  the  leaves.  The  flowers  are  of  a  blewish  purple  colour  (lesser 
then  the  flowers  of  Clarie,  and  scarce  bigger  then  Lavender  flowers) 
growinge  in  whorles  to  the  verie  toppes  of  the  stalks  and  braunches 
makinge  longe  spikes,  which  comonlie  bowe  or  turne  their  toppes 
downewardes,  without  anie  leaves  growinge  amongest  them.  The 
seed  [blank] 

The  roote  is  greate  of  a  finger  bignes  growinge  downeward  into 
the  earth,  a  foot  deepe  or  more,  with  a  fewe  side  braunches,  black 
without,  hard  lastinge,  yerelie  sendinge  forth  newe  braunches. 

It  groweth  not  wild  in  England,  the  seed  hereof  I  receaved  from 
Mr.  William  Coys  with  many  other,  in  Anno  1620. — MS.  ff.  11,  115. 

[Rough  draft  of  a  description  sent  to  Johnson,  March  5,  1633,  but 
not  acknowledged  by  him.] — MS.  f.  11. 

Cynosurus  echinatus  L. 
Gramen  cristatum  Baeticum  Boelij.  13  Sept.  1621 

Hath  many  round  ioynted  stalks  growinge  from  one  root, 
a  cubite  or  2  foot  high,  and  greate  longe  leaves  like  Barley. 
At  the  toppe  of  ech  stalk  groweth  one  eare  or  rather  a  one  sided 
bunch,  an  ynch  broad  and  somethinge  above  an  ynch  longe,  onlie 
growinge  on  one  side  of  the  toppe  of  the  stalk,  so  that  it  maketh 
as  it  were  half  an  eare,  with  small  queveriiige  cheive-like  flowers, 
like  those  of  other  grasse,  and,  verie  thick  sett  with  small  whitish 
haires  makinge  the  whole  eare  appeare  like  a  catts  beard  ;  the  seed 
is  small  longe  and  brownish  somewhat  like  that  of  Psyllium,  but 
nothinge  so  black,  inclosed  in  very  small  whitish  bearded  husks. 
The  root  is  verie  small  beinge  nothinge  but  verie  small  white 
threddie  strings,  and  perisheth  when  the  seed  is  ripe.  ||  This  grasse 
is  not  yet  described  that  I  find  of.  The  seeds  were  gathered  by 
Boelius  a  lowe  Contrey  man  in  Baetica  a  parte  of  Spaine  and 
given  to  that  diligent  preserver  of  simples  Mr.  William  Coys  often 
with  very  good  cause  remembred,  who  imparted  seeds  hereof  to 
me  in  Anno  1620. — MS.  f  99. 

[Goodyer  himself  noted  that  this  species  was  '  Gramen  alopecu- 
roides  spica  aspera '  and  that  it  was  found  '  by  y®  adiacent  pts  of 
Shepey'.  11,  f.  133.    See  p.  59.] 


158 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Briza  maxima  L. 
Gramen  tremulum  maximum.  13  Sept.  1621 

an  Phyto.  p.  10.  No.  xxxviii.    Gramen  lupuli  glumis  Boelij. 

This  hath  many  small  round  smooth  ioynted  stalks,  2  or  3  foot 
high,  with  longe  broade  smooth  leaves  like  those  of  otes  or  barley, 
at  and  neare  the  toppe  of  ech  stalk  groweth  scatteringlie  or  some- 
what farr  apart,  about  7  or  8  flatt  eares  the  topps  hanginge  down- 
wards, about  3  quarters  of  an  ynch  longe,  and  a  quarter  of  an  ynch 
broad,  made  of  2  rowes  of  fine  thinn  scales,  curiouslie  foldinge  one 
within  another,  verie  like  those  of  the  comon  Phallaris  pratensis 
but  8  times  bigger,  which  eares  in  a  close  roome  you  cannott  hold 
so  still,  but  they  will  wagge  and  tremble,  their  footstalks  beinge  so 
longe  and  small,  no  bigger  then  small  haires.  The  seed  is  verie 
small,  flatt  and  browne,  in  a  manner  round,  one  seed  and  no  more 
inclosed  at  the  inner  end  of  ech  scalie  huske.  The  root  is  made 
of  small  white  thredds,  and  perisheth  when,  the  seed  is  ripe. 
II  The  seeds  also  of  this  grasse  were  given  by  Boelius  to  Mr.  William 
Coys  by  the  name  of  Gramen  lupuli  glumis,  who  afterwards  in 
Anno  1620  sent  seeds  thereof  to  me. — MS.  f.  99. 

Lactuca  vivos  a  L. 
Lactuca  silvestris  vera  ingrato  odore.  13  Sept.  1621 

Hist.  lug.  p.  547,  optima  figura.    Phyto.  p.  202  N^  xii. 

This  wild  lettise  hath  at  the  first  many  broad  leaves  spread 
uppon  the  ground,  like  to  garden  lettice  leaves,  whiter  on  the 
underside  then  above,  sometimes  a  foot  longe  and  5  ynches  broad, 
broadest  neare  the  toppe,  with  a  greate  ribbe  or  sinewe  underneath 
full  of  sharpe  pricks,  and  many  other  small  branches  sinewes  full 
also  of  little  pricks,  very  little  nicked  and  crisped  by  the  sides, 
but  nothinge  at  all  gashed,  yet  also  full  of  small  pricks,  amongst 
which  groweth  uppe  a  greate  upright  round  stiff  prickley  browne 
reddish  stalk,  full  of  white  pith  like  that  of  the  elder,  usuallie  5  or 
6  foot  high,  (sometimes  10  foot  high  as  I  observed  this  yere  1621) 
devided  into  many  parts  or  branches,  on  the  lower  parte  whereof 
groweth  leaves  like  the  former,  but  upwards  on  the  stalk  they  are 
smaller  shorter  without  footstalks,  gashed  or  devided  with  deepe 
devisions.  The  topps  of  the  stalks  and  branches  are  garnished 
with  manie  small  yealowe  flowers,  like  in  forme  and  bignes  to  those 
of  the  common  lettice,  flowringe  one  after  another,  which  maketh 
it  longe  in  flowringe  :  the  flowers  past  there  succeed  flatt  blackish 
seed  like  to  lettice  seed,  with  downe  at  the  toppe  and  is  caried 
away  with  the  wind  and  reneweth  itself  by  the  fallinge  thereof, 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


159 


which  quicklic  grovveth  and  sendcth  forth  such  broad  leaves  as 
aforesaid  spread  uppon  the  ground  and  remaine  greene  all  the 
winter,  sendinge  then  forth  such  stalks  as  is  aforesaid.  The  root 
is  hard  woodie  sometimes  devided  into  branches  yealowe  without 
&  groweth  deepe  into  the  earth.  The  whole  herbe  and  root 
is  full  of  clammie  white  iuyce  like  milk,  and  of  a  very  loathsome 
stinkinge  smell,  which  on  the  stalks  sometimes  turneth  into  a 
yealowish  gummie  matter. 

II  This  wild  stinkinge  lettice  I  found  wild  on  the  walls  and  dry 
bancks  of  earth  at  Southampton.    Anno  161 8. — MS.  f.  99. 

Lactiica  agrcstis  L. 
Lactuca  agrestis.  13  Sept.  1621 

This  hath  not  leaves  spread  abroad  uppon  the  ground  like  the 
former,  but  riseth  uppe  presentlie  with  a  small  round  stiffe  stalk 
prickley  only  belowe  3,  4  or  5  foot  high,  devided  into  very  manie 
branches,  whereon  growe  manie  pale  greene  plaine  smooth  leaves  with 
many  pricks  on  the  midle  ribbe  on  the  lower  side  and  also  by  the 
edges,  the  sides  or  edges  are  somewhat  indented  but  not  at  all 
crisped  gashed  or  devided,  sometimes  6  or  7  ynches  longe  and 
3  ynches  broad  or  broader,  broadest  comonly  in  the  midle  and 
narrowe  towards  the  toppe.  The  flowers  are  also  yealowe  like 
those  of  the  lettice,  and  turne  into  a  small  grey  seed  with  downe 
at  the  toppe  which  is  caried  away  by  the  wind,  by  the  fallinge 
whereof  it  encreaseth  and  sendeth  forth  other  yonge  plants,  with 
short  tender  stalks,  which  remaine  greene  all  the  winter,  and  in  the 
springe  growe  uppe  as  aforesaid.  The  root  is  hard  threddie  and 
yealowe  without.  The  whole  herbe  is  also  full  of  white,  milk-like 
iuyce  and  of  little  or  no  smell  at  all,  and  perisheth  when  the  seed 
is  ripe. — MS.  f.  100. 

Oenothera  biennis  L. 
Lysimachia  virginiana.  13  Sept.  1621 

This  riseth  uppe  with  a  stalk  about  3  foot  high,  which  is  round 
straked  firme  hard  brittle  full  of  pith  within,  reddish  neare  the  root, 
devided  into  manie  branches,  and  spotted  with  very  small  purple 
spots :  whereon  growe  the  leaves  out  of  order  without  footstalks 
5  or  6  ynches  longe  and  above  an  ynch  broade,  smooth  sharpe 
pointed  verie  bluntlie  indented  about  the  edges,  with  a  whitish 
midle  ribbe,  hott  in  tast  and  bitinge  the  tonge.  The  flowers  are 
yealowe  and  growe  forth  of  the  bosomes  of  the  leaves  neare  the 
topps  of  the  stalk  flowringe  upwards  by  degrees,  whereby  it  continueth 
longe  in  flowringe,  and  growe  uppon  longe  tender  stems  everie 


i6o 


JOHN  GOODYER 


flower  havinge  4  broad  topped  leaves,  and  a  short  yealowe  pointell 
not  appearinge  above  the  topps  of  the  leaves  of  the  flower,  devided 
in  the  toppe  into  4  parts,  everie  part  beinge  bigger  then  the  lower 
parte  of  the  pointell,  and  also  yealowe  cheives  growinge  from  the 
nailes  of  the  inner  partes  of  leaves  of  the  lenght  of  the  pointell, 
which  flowers  are  of  a  strong  fulsome  smell,  and  both  they  and 
their  tender  stems  fall  away,  and  there  groweth  uppe  greate 
longe  blunt  topped,  round  straked  codds,  without  anie  footstalks, 
makinge  a  longe  spike  of  codds,  wherein  is  contayned  much  small 
round  wrinckled  seed  which  when  it  is  ripe  the  codd  openeth 
into  4  or  5  parts  at  the  toppe  and  the  seed  falleth  forth  and  at 
the  next  springe  groweth  uppe  whereby  it  mightelie  increaseth. — 
MS.  f.  ICQ. 

Nicotiana  Tabactim  var.  hrasilieiisis  Comes. 
Petum  indicum  folio  pene  obtuso.  13  Sept.  i5ai 

Ye  figure  in  Hist.  Lug.  p.  1895  resembleth  it  well.  Peti  primum 
genus  Clusii,  p.  ex:  309. 

This  groweth  uppe  with  a  greate  round  stalk  devided  into  many 
braunches,  five  or  six  foot  high,  verie  hairie  fatt  and  clammie  ; 
whereon  growe  greate  broad  leaves,  somewhat  round  towards  the 
toppe  yet  endinge  with  a  sharpe  point,  narrower  &  crompled 
towardes  the  stalkes,  without  footstalkes,  imbracinge  or  growinge 
2  or  3  ynches  downeon  both  sides  of  the  stalk,  belowe  the  fasteninge 
or  growinge  of  the  midle  ribbe  to  the  stalke,  about  20  ynches  longe, 
and  above  a  foot  broad,  also  verie  fatt  clammie  and  rough,  of 
a  yealowish  greene  color,  of  a  good  savor  and  verie  sharpe  tast. 
The  flowers  growe  on  the  toppes  of  the  branches,  and  are  longe, 
hoUowe,  in  manner  of  a  little  pipe  or  bell,  broad  at  the  toppe, 
endinge  with  corners  most  comonlie  5  sometimes  4  somewhat 
blunt  not  verie  sharpe,  of  a  pale  or  whitish  purple  colour ;  which 
fallen  there  cometh  small  longe  round  sharpe  pointed  heddes  or 
seed  vessels  lesser  longer  and  sharper  pointed  then  those  of  yealowe 
Henbane,  in  which  is  included  abundance  of  exceedinge  small 
blackish  redd  seeds,  much  lesser  then  poppie  seed.  The  roote 
is  thicke,  woodie,  branched  and  yealowish.  The  whole  plant 
perisheth  at  the  first  approach  of  winter,  if  it  be  not  planted  in  an 
earthen  pott  or  other  fitt  vessell,  and  putt  into  a  close  place  to 
defend  it  from  the  iniurie  of  the  cold. 

The  seedes  of  this  Tabacco  I  receaved  Anno  1620  from  my 
worthie  friend,  and  most  diligent  observer  and  preserver  of  simples 
Mr.  William  Coys  of  North-okington  in  Essex. — MS,  ff.  93^  114. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


i6i 


Nicotiajia  Tabaciim  vd^x.  fniticosa  Hook.  f. 
Petum  indicum  folio  Hydrolapathi  acuto.  13  Sept.  1621 

The  stalkes  are  also  round  and  branched,  somewhat  hairie  and 
clammie,  the  leaves  i^rowe  also  without  footstalkes  half  compassinge 
the  stalkes,  yet  sometimes  exceedinge  narrowe  towards  the  stalkes, 
generally  much  narrower  and  longer  then  the  former,  comonly 
2  foot,  2  foot  and  a  half  and  sometimes  3  foot  longe,  and  usuallie 
6  or  7  ynches  broad  or  broader,  not  round  towards  the  toppe  like 
the  former,  but  verie  sharpe  and  slender  pointed,  smoother  greener 
and  nothinge  so  clammie  as  the  other,  also  of  a  sharpe  bitinge 
tast,  and  are  in  forme  like  the  leaves  of  the  greate  water  docke, 
the  flowers  are  also  of  a  light  purple  colour,  but  smaller  endeinge 
with  5  sharpe  pointed  corners,  much  sharper  then  the  former. 
The  seed  is  like  the  former  inclosed  in  the  like  huskes,  but  some- 
what sharper  pointed.  The  roote  is  also  like  and  must  be  preserved 
from  the  cold  as  the  other. 

In  Anno  161 9  I  receaved  the  seedes  hereof  from  Mr.  Anthony 
Uvedale  who  that  yere  intended  to  plante  greate  store  hereof,  and 
was  hindered  of  his  purpose  by  a  proclamation  sett  forth  by 
Authoritie.— ff.  93,  114. 

Nepeta  ttiberosa  L. 
Cattaria  tuberosa  radice  Boetica  Boelii.    non  scripta. 

14  Sept.  1621 

Hath  2,  3  or  more  square  upright  stalks,  somewhat  hairie,  two 
foot  high  or  higher,  sometimes  leaninge  towards  or  lyinge  flatt  on 
the  ground,  devided  into  many  square  branches  growing  allwaies 
one  right  against  another,  whereon  growe  leaves  by  cooples  one 
right  against  another,  sometimes  with  short  hairie  footstalks,  but 
most  comonly  espetially  on  the  upper  parte  of  the  stalk,  with  very 
short  or  no  footstalks  at  all,  full  of  crumpled  vaines  or  sinewes,  and 
large  blunt  notches  by  the  sides,  like  those  of  the  comon  neppe, 
but  not  so  broad,  of  the  same  pleasant  smell,  but  not  so  stronge, 
and  but  a  little  hott  and  bitinge  the  tonge,  sometimes  covered 
all  over  with  a  softe  hairie  cottonie  whitenes,  as  though  a  white 
frost  laie  thereon.  On  the  upper  parte  of  the  stalks  and  branches 
growe  by  certaine  distances  one  from  another  crownetts  or  whorles 
of  manie  small  scalie  leaves,  somewhat  reddish  at  the  topps  and  by 
the  sides,  compassinge  the  stalks  :  whereof  two  that  are  lowest  and 
biggest,  and  growe  allwaies  one  right  against  another,  amongst 
which  on  the  upper  parte  growe  many  blewish  purple  flowers 
(those  small  scalie  leaves  and  flowers  makinge  the  entier  whorle 
or  crownett)  in  fashion  like  those  of  the  comon  neppe,  but  neare  as 

M 


l62 


JOHN  GOODYER 


bigge  againe,  of  verie  little  smell :  the  severall  whorles  makinge 
a  spike  sometimes  of  above  a  foot  longe. 

The  seeds  hereof  I  receaved  from  Mr.  Coys  in  A*'.  1620. — MS.  f.  96. 

Nepeta  media. — MS.  f.  96.    (?  =  Nepeta  Cataria  L.  var.) 
[No  description.] 

?  Sinapis  alba  L. 

Sinapi  sativum  alterum  Penae.  [?  14  Sept.  1621] 

Adversar,  p.  68.    Lob.  icon.  p.  277.  pte  2^ 

Hath  one  stalk  growinge  from  the  root,  which  is  round  hollowe 
straked  hairie  or  rough  2  or  3  foot  high,  without  knees  devided  into 
verie  many  branches  even  from  the  root.  The  leaves  are  greate 
and  growe  at  the  devisions  of  the  stalk,  with  a  verie  little  roughnes, 
torne  and  devided  into  many  partes  even  to  the  midle  ribbe.  The 
flowers  growe  on  the  topps  of  the  branches  floweringe  upwards  and 
are  yealowe,  very  like  those  of  comon  musterd  but  bigger,  and  so 
like  those  of  comon  cherlock  that  they  are  hard  to  be  knowne  the 
one  from  the  other,  contayninge  4  broad  topped  shrivelled  leaves 
apeece :  after  the  flowers  cometh  rough  hairie  codds  growinge  all 
alongest  the  upper  parte  of  the  stalk  and  branches,  bigger  and  more 
spreading  abroad  then  those  of  Cherlock,  half  whereof  in  lenght 
towards  the  toppe  is  broad  and  flatt  like  to  the  point  of  a  speare 
yet  blunt  topped,  and  in  the  lower  parte  thereof  towards  the  stalk 
is  contayned  2  rowes  of  seedes,  havinge  3  or  4  round  seeds  in  ech 
rowe,  either  of  a  white  grey  or  reddish  color ;  three  times  bigger 
then  comon  musterd  seed,  and  sometimes  neare  as  bigge  as  Radish 
seed,  hott  and  bitinge  the  tonge  like  pepper,  bunchinge  out  the 
codd  where  they  lie,  and  when  they  are  ripe  doe  fall  out  with 
a  light  touch  leavinge  behind  on  the  stalk  the  midle  (?)  devision 
which  is  a  thinn  cleare  membrane  or  skinne  and  the  speare  like 
point  of  the  codds  which  continueth  on  a  longe  time  after.  The 
root  is  small  white  threddie  and  perisheth  when  the  seed  is  ripe, 
and  reneweth  it  self  yerelie  by  the  fallinge  thereof. — MS.  f.  96. 

Blue  Fleabane.  Erigeron  acre  L. 
Conyza  coerulea  acris,  C.  Bau.  Conyza  odorata.  20  Sept.  1621 
Hath  at  the  first  many  hairie  leaves  2,  3  or  4  ynches  longe, 
spread  uppon  the  ground  without  footstalks,  verie  slender  and 
narrowe  belowe,  and  half  an  ynch  broad  towards  the  toppe,  plaine 
and  not  indented  by  the  edges,  hott  in  tast  and  bitinge  the  tonge, 
of  a  reasonable  good  smell:  amongest  which  rise  uppe  2,  3  or  more 
small  round  browne  redd  straked  hairie  stalks,  full  of  white  pith 
within,  a  foot  or  a  cubite  high  seldome  devided  into  branches  on 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


163 


the  lower  ptc,  whereon  growe  hairy  leaves  out  of  order  without 
footstalks,  like  the  other  but  much  shorter  and  smaller,  about  an 
ynch  and  a  half  longe,  and  a  quarter  of  an  ynch  broad  comonly 
turninge  downewards,  with  other  very  small  short  leaves  growinge 
forth  of  their  bosomes,  or  els  very  short  stubbed  branches.  On  the 
upper  pte  the  stalke  is  devided  into  many  small  short  branches, 
bearinge  at  the  toppe  of  ech  branch  one  little  head,  made  on  the 
outside  of  many  verie  slender  narrowe  hairie  stalks  comonly  reddish, 
on  the  upper  parte  of  the  head  groweth  verie  manie  small  narrowe 
short  leaves  no  bigger  than  cheives  of  a  pale  or  light  purple  color, 
seldome  spreadinge  abroade,  but  growinge  upright,  which  together 
with  the  head  are  about  half  an  ynch  in  lenght  :  next  within  these 
leaves  and  verie  neare  of  their  lenght  even  at  their  first  openinge, 
appeareth  a  round  circle  of  pale  yealowish  downe,  which  in  the  midle 
of  the  flower  is  of  a  dark  browne  color  and  in  the  ende  spreadeth 
abroad  and  contayneth  underneath  much  small  yealowish  seed, 
which  together  with  the  downe  is  caried  away  with  the  wind.  The 
whole  head  rubbed  betwene  the  fingers  is  of  a  good  smell.  The 
root  is  nothinge  but  small  white  thredds  and  dyeth  not  at  winter. 
II  I  first  found  this  herbe  growinge  wild  on  the  walls  at  Winchester 
in  Hampsheire,  afterwards  in  other  places  on  dry  bancks,  but  very 
seldome. — 31 S.  f.  95. 

Ivy-leaved  Toadflax.      Linaria  Cymbalaria  Mill. 
Cymbalaria  Italica.  20  Sept.  1621 

Cymbalaria  with  us  in  England,  where  it  is  so  wen  runneth  and 
spreadeth  on  the  ground  and  clymeth  and  hangeth  on  walls  even 
as  Ivie  or  Chickweed  doth,  the  branches  are  verie  small  round  and 
smooth,  limmer  and  pliant  neare  like  the  hampering  threeds  of 
Cuscuta  devidinge  it  self  plentifullie  into  other  branches  and 
sendinge  forth  other  small  threddie  roots  takinge  hold  therewith 
on  the  earth  or  walls.  The  leaves  growe  on  long  round  footstalks 
and  are  like  those  of  Ivie  smooth  and  devided  into  moe  corners, 
the  flowers  growe  also  on  longe  footstalks  forth  of  the  bosomes 
of  the  leaves  like  single  violetts  but  smaller,  nearer  like  the  flowers 
of  Elatine  consistinge  of  %  leaves,  whereof  the  uppermost  is  on  the 
upper  parte  of  a  light  purple  color  and  devided  at  the  toppe  into 
a  parte,  the  lower  leafe  is  three  times  bigger,  of  a  pale  or  whitish 
color  with  a  verie  light  dash  of  purple,  and  the  midle  or  chappe  is 
yealov/e,  devided  belowe  into  3  pts,  with  a  small  purple  taile  behind 
hanginge  downewards,  which  fallen  there  succeedeth  in  the  place  of 
the  flower  some  little  round  knappe  or  button  contayninge  small  seed. 

M  % 


164 


JOHN  GOODYER 


II  I  never  saw  this  growinge  but  in  the  garden  of  my  faithful!  good 
frend  Mr.  William  Coys  in  Northokington  in  Essex,  and  in  my 
garden  at  Droxford  of  seeds  receaved  from  him  in  Anno  1618. — 
MS.  f.  95. 

[The  first  mention  of  English  Cyinbalaria  is  in  Coys'  Garden-List 
of  1617,  p.  317.  It  is  a  pleasure  to  note  that  after  the  lapse  of 
245  years  the  original  station  for  this  plant  in  Great  Britain  should 
be  noted  by  Gibson,  Flora  of  Essex,  1862,  on  the  authority  of  Edw. 
Forster,  as  '  Old  wall  at  Stubbers ',  and  we  ourselves  found  it  there 
in  1921.    Parkinson  noted  the  plant  'about  Hatfield'  in  1640.] 

Scabiosa  atropurpiirea  L. 
Scabiosa  flore  rubro.    Scabiosa  sexta  Indica  Clusii.       8  Oct. 

Hath  one  round  tender  stalk  proceeding  from  the  root,  about 
3  or  4  foot  high,  devided  into  branches  ymediately  from  the  root : 
whereon  growe  leaves  by  cooples  much  devided  as  it  were  leaves 
sett  uppon  a  midle  ribbe  and  are  verie  narrowe  towards  the  toppes 
of  the  stalk  and  branches,  almost  smooth  yet  havinge  a  little  soft 
hairines  as  have  also  the  stalk  and  branches,  in  forme  like  those  of 
Scabiosa  minor  sive  Columbaria  lobelii.  The  flowers  growe  on  the 
toppes  of  the  stalk  and  branches  like  the  said  Scabiosa  media,  but 
of  a  delicate  redd  color  like  to  redd  velvett,  with  many  small  cheives, 
with  quaveringe  topps,  at  the  first  of  a  light  purple,  after  of  a  dustie 
whitish  color,  ech  head  beinge  composed  of  many  small  flowers 
closelie  thrust  together,  and  ech  flower  is  devided  into  5  ptes  or 
leaves  those  that  growe  on  the  outside  or  border  of  the  head  are 
greater  and  longer  then  those  in  the  midle,  allwaies  having  close 
underneath  ech  head,  a  rowe  or  circle  of  small  short  narrowe  greene 
leaves  growinge  starr  fashion.    The  seed 

The  root        [MS.  incomplete]. 

II  This  plant  I  sawe  flowringe  and  bearinge  ripe  seed  in  the 
garden  of  my  most  worthie  friend  and  diligent  preserver  of  plants 
Mr.  William  Coys,  in  Northokington  in  Essex,  the  29  of  September 
1622.  Seeds  hereof  I  also  receaved  from  him  in  Anno  1620. — 
MS,  f.  94. 

 ? 

Jacea  palustris  Baetica  Boelii. — MS.  f.  94.  10  Oct.  1621 

[No  description.] 

Centatirea  nevadensis  Boiss.  &  Reut.  ? 
Jacea  capitulis  hirsutis  Boelii.  10  Oct.  1621 

This  hath  many  small  cornered  straked  hairie  trayling  branches 
growing  from  the  root,  and  those  again  divided  into  many  other 
branches,  trailing  or  spreading  upon  the  ground  three  or  foure  foot 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


long,  imploying  or  covering  a  good  plot  of  ground,  whereon  grow 
hairy  leaves  divided  or  iagged  into  many  parts,  like  the  leaves  ot 
lacea  maior,  or  Rocket,  of  a  very  bitter  taste :  at  the  top  of  each 
branch  groweth  one  scaly  head,  each  scale  ending  with  five,  six,  or 
seven  little  weake  prickles  growing  orderly  like  halfe  the  rowell  of 
a  spurre,  but  farre  lesser:  the  flowers  grow  forth  of  the  heads 
of  a  light  purple  colour,  consisting  of  many  smal  flowers,  like 
those  of  the  common  lacea,  the  bordering  flowers,  being  bigger  and 
larger  than  those  of  the  middle  of  the  flower,  each  small  flower 
being  divided  into  five  small  parts  or  leaves,  not  much  unlike 
those  of  Cyamis  :  the  seed  is  small,  and  inclosed  in  downe.  The 
root  perisheth  when  the  seed  is  ripe. 

II  This  plant  hath  not  been  hitherto  written  of  that  I  can  find. 
Seeds  of  it  I  received  from  M'.  William  Coys,  with  whom  also 
I  observed  the  plant,  lo  October.  1621.  he  received  it  from  Boelitis 
a  Low  countrey  man. — MS.  f.  94;  Ger.  emac,  729. 

Cnairbita  Pepo  L.  var. 
Macocks  Virginiani.  10  Oct.  1621 

The  Virginian  Macocke,  or  Pompion. 

This  hath  rough  cornered  straked  trailing  branches  proceeding 
from  the  root,  eight  or  nine  foot  long,  or  longer,  and  those  againe 
divided  into  other  branches  of  a  blackish  greene  colour,  trailing, 
spreading,  or  running  alongst  the  earth,  covering  a  great  deale  of 
ground,  sending  forth  broad  cornered  rough  leaves,  on  great  grosse, 
long,  rough,  hairy  foot-stalks,  like  and  fully  as  big  as  the  leaves 
of  the  common  Pompion,  with  clasping  tendrels  and  great  broad 
shriveled  yellow  flowers  also  like  those  of  the  common  Pompion : 
the  fruit  succeedeth,  growing  alongst  the  stalkes,  commonly  not 
neere  the  root,  but  towards  the  upper  part  or  toppes  of  the 
branches,  somewhat  round,  not  extending  in  length,  but  flat  like 
a  bowle,  but  not  so  bigge  as  an  ordinarie  bowle,  beeing  seldome  foure 
inches  broad,  and  three  inches  long,  of  a  blackish  greene  colour 
when  it  is  ripe.  The  substance  or  eatable  part  is  of  a  yellowish 
white  colour,  containing  in  the  middest  a  great  deale  of  pulpe  or 
soft  matter,  wherein  the  seed  lyeth  in  certaine  rowes  also,  like  the 
common  Pompion,  but  smaller.  The  root  is  made  of  many  whitish 
branches,  creeping  far  abroad  in  the  earth,  and  perish  at  the  first 
j     approch  of  Winter. — Ger.  emac.  919. 

Citrtillus  vulgaris  Schrad. 
i     M clones  Aquatici.    The  Virginian  Water-Melon.         10  Oct.  1621 
This  Melon  or  Pompion  is  like  and  fully  as  bigge  as  the  common 


i66 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Pompion,  in  spreading,  running,  creeping  branches,  leaves,  flowers, 
and  clasping  tendrels :  the  fruit  is  of  a  very  blackish  greene  colour 
and  extendeth  it  selfe  in  length  neere  foure  inches  long,  and  three 
inches  broad,  no  bigger  nor  longer  than  a  great  apple,  and  grow 
alongst  the  branches  forth  of  the  bosomes  of  the  leaves,  not  farre 
from  the  root  even  to  the  toppes  of  the  branches,  containing  a  sub- 
stance, pulpe,  and  flat  seed,  like  the  ordinary  Pompion :  the  root  is 
whitish,  and  disperseth  it  selfe  verie  farre  abroad  in  the  earth,  and 
perisheth  about  the  beginning  of  Winter. — Ger,  emac,  921. 

Basil.      Ocimum  Basilicum  L. 
Acinos  odoratissimum.  11  Oct.  1621 

This  herbe  hath  foure,  five,  or  more,  foure  square  hard  wooddy 
stalkes  growing  from  one  root,  divided  into  many  branches,  covered 
with  a  soft  white  hairinesse,  two  or  three  foot  long  or  longer,  not 
growing  upright,  but  trailing  upon  the  ground  ;  the  leaves  grow  on 
little-short  footstalkes  by  couples  of  a  light  greene  colour,  some- 
what like  the  leaves  of  Basill,  very  like  the  leaves  of  Acinos  Lobelij, 
but  smaller,  about  three  quarters  of  an  inch  broad,  and  not  fully  an 
inch  long,  somewhat  sharpe  pointed,  lightly  notched  about  the 
edges,  also  covered  with  a  light  soft  hoary  hairinesse,  of  a  very 
sweete  smell,  little  inferiour  to  Garden  Marjerome,  of  a  hot  biting 
taste :  out  of  their  bosomes  grow  other  smaller  leaves,  or  else 
branches  ;  the  flowers  also  grow  forth  of  the  bosomes  of  the  leaves 
toward  the  tops  of  the  stalkes  and  branches,  not  in  whorles  like  the 
said  Acinos,  but  having  one  little  short  footstalke  growing  forth  of 
the  bosome  of  each  leafe,  on  which  is  placed  three,  foure,  or  more 
small  flowers,  gaping  open,  and  divided  into  foure  unequall  parts 
at  the  top,  like  the  flowers  of  Basill,  and  very  neare  of  the  likenesse 
and  bignesse  of  the  flowers  of  Garden  Marjerome,  but  of  a  pale 
blewish  colour  tending  towards  a  purple.  The  seed  I  never 
observed  by  reason  it  flowered  late.  This  plant  I  first  found 
growing  in  the  garden  of  M'^'  William  Yalden  in  Sheete  near 
Petersfield  in  Hampshire,  Anno  1620,  amongst  sweete  Marjerome, 
and  which  by  chance  they  bought  with  the  seedes  thereof.  It  is 
to  be  considered  whether  the  seedes  of  sweete  Marjerome  degenerate 
and  send  forth  this  herbe  or  not,  11  October  1621. —  Ger.  emac.  677. 
[See  1620.] 

Jerusalem  Artichoke.      Helianthus  tuber osus  L. 
Heliotropium  Indicum.  17  Oct.  1621 

Flos  soils  Pyramidalis,  parvo  flore,  tuberosa  radice. 

This  wonderful  1  increasing  plant  hath  growing  up  from  one  root, 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


167 


one,  sometimes  two,  three  or  more  round  green  rough  hairy  straked 
stalks,  commonly  about  twelve  foot  high,  sometimes  sixteene  foot 
high  or  higher,  as  big  as  a  childs  arme,  full  of  white  spungious  pith 
within.  The  leaves  grow  all  alongst  the  stalkes  out  of  order,  of 
a  light  green  color,  rough,  sharp  pointed,  about  eight  inches  broad, 
and  ten  or  eleven  inches  long,  deeply  notched  or  indented  about 
the  edges,  very  like  the  leaves  of  the  common  flos  solis  Pervanns^ 
but  nothing  crompled,  and  not  so  broad.  The  stalkes  divide  them- 
selves into  many  long  branches  even  from  the  roots  to  their  very 
tops,  bearing  leaves  smaller  and  smaller  toward  the  tops,  makinge 
the  herbe  appeare  like  a  little  tree,  narrower  and  slenderer  toward 
the  top,  in  fashion  of  a  steeple  or  Pyramide.  The  flowers  with  us 
grow  onely  at  the  toppes  of  the  stalkes  and  branches,  like  those  of 
the  said  flos  solis,  but  no  bigger  than  our  common  single  Marigold, 
consisting  of  twelve  or  thirteene  straked  sharpe  pointed  bright 
yellow  bordering  leaves,  growing  foorth  of  a  scaly  small  hairie 
head,  with  a  small  yellow  thrummie  matter  within.  These  flowers 
by  reason  of  their  late  flowering,  which  is  commonly  two  or  three 
weeks  after  Michaelmas,  never  bring  their  seed  to  perfection,  &  it 
maketh  shew  of  abundance  of  small  heads  neere  the  tops  of  the 
stalkes  and  branches  forth  of  the  bosomes  of  the  leaves,  which 
never  open  and  flower  with  us,  by  reason  they  are  destroyed  with 
the  frosts,  which  otherwise  it  seemes  would  be  a  goodly  spectacle. 
The  stalke  sendes  foorth  many  small  creeping  roots,  whereby  it  is 
fed  or  nourished,  full  of  hairie  threddes  even  from  the  upper  part 
of  the  earth,  spreading  farre  abroad :  amongst  which  from  the 
maine  root  grow  forth  many  tuberous  roots,  clustering  together, 
sometimes  fastened  to  the  great  root  it  selfe,  sometimes  growing  on 
long  strings  a  foot  or  more  from  the  root,  raising  or  heaving  up 
the  earth  above  them,  and  sometimes  appearing  above  the  earth, 
producing  from  the  increase  of  one  root,  thirty,  forty,  or  fifty  in 
number,  or  more,  making  in  all  usually  above  a  pecke,  many  times 
neere  halfe  a  bushell,  if  the  soile  be  good.  These  tuberous  roots 
are  of  a  reddish  colour  without,  of  a  soft  white  substance  within, 
bunched  or  bumped  out  many  waies,  sometimes  as  big  as  a  mans 
fist,  or  not  so  big,  with  white  noses  or  peaks  where  they  will  sprout 
or  grow  the  next  yeare.  The  stalkes  bowed  downe,  and  some  part 
of  them  covered  over  with  earth,  send  forth  smal  creeping  threddie 
roots,  and  also  tuberous  roots  like  the  former,  which  I  have  found 
by  experience.  These  tuberous  roots  will  abide  alive  in  the  earth 
all  winter,  though  the  stalkes  and  rootes  by  the  which  they  were 
nourished  utterly  rot  and  perish  away,  and  will  beginne  to  spring 


i68 


JOHN  GOODYER 


up  againe  at  the  beginning  of  May,  seldome  sooner. — MS,  f.  ii6; 
Ger.  emac.  753-54* 

[For  Goodyer's  descriptions  of  The  Place  and  The  Vertues  which 
follow  see  p.  24,  also  p.  109.] 

Yew.      Taxus  baccata  L. 
Taxus  gland ifera  baccifera.  19  Dec.  i6ai 

The  Yew  bearing  Acorns  &  berryes. 

The  Yew  tree  that  beareth  Acornes  and  berries  is  a  great  high 
tree  remaining  alwaies  greene,  and  hath  usually  an  huge  trunke  or 
body  as  big  as  the  Oke,  covered  over  with  a  scabbed  or  scaly  barke, 
often  pilling  or  falling  off,  and  a  yong  smooth  barke  appearing 
underneath ;  the  timber  hereof  is  somewhat  red,  neere  as  hard  as 
Box,  universally  covered  next  the  barke  with  a  thicke  white  sap 
like  that  of  the  Oke,  and  hath  many  big  limmes  divided  into  many 
smal  spreading  branches :  the  leaves  be  about  an  inch  long,  narrow 
like  the  leaves  of  Rosemary,  but  smooth,  and  of  a  darker  greene 
colour,  growing  all  alongst  the  little  twigs  or  branches  close 
together,  seldome  one  opposite  against  another,  often  having  at  the 
ends  of  the  twigs  little  bunches  composed  of  many  leaves  like 
the  former,  but  shorter  and  broader,  closely  compact  or  ioyned 
together :  amongst  the  leaves  are  to  be  scene  at  all  times  of  the 
yeare,  small  slender  buds  somewhat  long,  but  never  any  flowers ; 
which  at  the  very  beginning  of  the  Spring  grow  bigger  and  bigger, 
till  they  are  of  the  fashion  of  little  Acornes,  with  a  white  kernell 
within  :  after  they  are  of  this  forme,  then  groweth  up  from  the 
bottomes  of  the  Acornes  a  reddish  matter,  making  beautiful  reddish 
berries  more  long  than  round,  smooth  on  the  out  side,  very 
clammie  within,  and  of  a  sweet  taste,  covering  all  the  Acorne, 
onely  leaving  a  little  hole  at  the  top,  where  the  top  of  the  Acorne 
is  to  be  scene  :  these  fallen,  or  devoured  by  birds,  leave  behinde 
them  a  little  whitish  huske  made  of  a  few  scales,  appearing  like 
a  little  flower,  which  peradventure  may  deceive  some,  taking  it  to 
be  so  indeed  :  it  seemes  this  tree,  if  it  were  not  hindred  by  cold 
weather,  would  alwaies  have  Acornes  and  berries  on  him,  for  he 
hath  alwaies  little  buds,  which  so  soone  as  the  Spring  yeelds  but 
a  reasonable  heate,  they  grow  into  the  forme  of  Acornes :  about 
the  beginning  of  August,  seldome  before,  you  shall  finde  them 
turned  into  ripe  berries,  and  from  that  time  till  Christmasse,  or 
a  little  after,  you  may  see  on  him  both  Acornes  and  red  berries. — 
MS,  f.  119;  Ger.  emac,  1370. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS  169 

Male  Yew.      Taxtis  baccata  L.  o^. 
Taxus  tantum  florens.    The  Yew  w***  only  flowers. 

The  Yew  which  onely  beareth  flowers  and  no  berries,  is  like  the 


Goodyer's  description  of  the  Yew  with  additions  in 
Johnson's  hand*  *. 


other  in  trunke,  timber,  barke,  and  leaves ;  but  at  the  beginning  of 
November,  or  before,  this  tree  doth  beginne  to  be  very  thicke  set  or 
fraught  on  the  lower  side  or  part  of  the  twigs  or  little  branches, 


170 


JOHN  GOODYER 


with  small  round  buds,  verie  neere  as  big,  and  of  the  colour  of 
Radish  seed,  and  do  so  continue  all  the  Winter,  till  about  the 
beginning  or  middle  of  Februarie,  when  they  open  at  the  top, 
sending  forth  one  small  sharpe  pointell,  little  longer  than  the  huske, 
divided  into  many  parts,  or  garnished  towards  the  top  with  many 
small  dusty  things  like  flowers,  of  the  colour  of  the  husks ;  and  if 
you  shall  beate  or  throw  stones  into  this  tree  about  the  end  of 
Februarie,  or  a  good  space  after,  there  will  proceed  and  fly  from 
these  flowers  an  aboundance  of  dustie  smoke.  These  dusty  flowers 
continue  on  the  trees  till  about  harvest,  and  then  some  and  some 
fall  away,  and  shortly  after  the  round  buds  come  up  as  aforesaid. 

The  Place, 

Theis  trees  are  both  very  comon  in  England,  in  Hampsheire 
there  is  good  plentie  of  them  growinge  wild  on  the  Chalke  hills, 
and  in  Church  yards  where  they  have  byn  planted. 

The  Time. 

The  time  is  expressed  in  their  descriptions. — MS.  f.  119;  Ger. 
emac.  1370-71. 

[The  first  record  of  the  Male  Yew  in  Hampshire.] 

Calathian  Violet.    Ge^ttiana  Pneumona7ithe  L. 
Pneumonanthe.  [After  9  Nov.  1621] 

hath  a  small  round  stalk  3  or  4  ynches  high,  on  wch  growe 
small  narrow  leaves,  half  an  ynch  long,  which  are  curvd  in  the 
midle  very  like  y®  leaves  of  savery,  sett  thick  but  orderly  by 
cooples  one  opposite  ye  other  on  y®  toppe  of  ye  stalk  groweth  one 
flower  an  ynch  longe  of  the  fashion  of  a  bell,  devided  at  y®  brim 
into  5  sharpe  pointed  corners  of  a  perfect  blewe  color,  except  5 
plates  or  strakes  wh.  are  only  to  be  scene  before  y^  flower  openeth, 
extending  from  y®  bottome  of  ye  flower  to  corner,  which  are  not  so 
pleasant  a  blew  color,  the  seed  I  observed  not.  Ye  root  is  small 
divided  at  ye  upper  parte  into  a  fewe  small  (yet  of  a  sufficient 
bignes  for  ye  stature  of  y®  herbe)  yealowish  lyner  branches  or 
fibres.  Both  leaves  and  rootes  are  bitter,  and  ye  root  more  bitter 
than  the  leaves  &  bitinge  ye  tonge. — MS.  f.  9  v. 

Marsh  Cinquefoil.      Poteutilla  Comarum  Nutt. 
Quinquefolium  palustre.  [After  9  Nov.  162 1] 

The  stalks  are  lyner  bendinge  pliant  round  smooth  a  foot  long 
as  bigg  as  a  wheate  straw  of"  a  reddish  color  towards  ye  root, 
ioynted,  at  ech  ioynt  groweth  a  [leafe]  foot-stalk  which  whooly  be- 
clippeth  the  knott  or  ioynt,  on  whose  toppe  groweth  five  leaves  of 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


ye  fashion  of  other  cinckfoyles  nicket  about  ye  edges,  of  a  mealish 
greene  colour  above  and  whitish  underneath,  ye  5  leaves  not 
growing  on  the  very  upper  parte  of  the  footstalk  like  ye  other 
cinckfoyles,  but  2  of  them  growinge  lower  about  a  quarter  of  an 
ynch  from  y''  3  which  growe  at  the  extreme  part,  y^  flowers 
I  observed  not.  The  root  creapeth  in  y°  water  &  mire,  besett  with 
thousand  of  very  small  haires,  thicker  &  smaller  then  the  haires 
of  ones  head. — MS.  f.  10  v. 

[Roughly  drafted  descriptions  on  back  of  Laurence  Davis'  letter 
of  9  Nov.  1 62 1.] 

 ?  \c.  1620-1622.] 

round  buttons  or  knapps,  as  bigge  or  little  bigger  then  the 
pease  wherein  in  each  button  is  2,  3  or  4  3-winded  seeds  almost 
as  bigg  as  Radish  seed.  The  root  is  small  white,  single  and 
groweth  downright,  with  a  fewe  threddie  shoots  with  side  branches. 
Both  herbe  and  root  doe  perish  at  winter. — Fragment  of  a 
description^  MS,  f.  1 1  v. 


'Capon's  Tail  Grass.'     Not  Festuca  Myurus  L."^ 
Gramen  dXeKTpvopvpos.    Alectryonurum.  10  Feb.  1622 

[Mentioned  with  date  but  without  locality. — MS.  f.  54.] 
Gramen  murorum  spica  longissima. 

*  I  cannot  omit  this  elegant  Grasse,  found  by  M.  Goodyer  upon 
the  wals  of  the  antient  city  of  Winchester,  and  not  described  as  yet 
by  any  that  I  know  of.  It  hath  a  fibrous  and  stringy  root,  from 
which  arise  leaves  long  and  narrow,  which  growing  old  become 
round  as  those  of  Spartum  or  Mat-weed :  amongst  these  grassie 
leaves  there  growes  up  a  slender  stalke  some  two  foot  long,  scarce 
standing  upright,  but  oft  times  hanging  down  the  head  or  top  of 
the  eare :  it  hath  some  two  ioints,  and  at  each  of  these  a  pretty 
grassy  leafe.  The  eare  is  almost  a  foot  in  length,  composed  of 
many  small  and  slender  hairy  tufts,  which  when  they  come  to 
maturitie  looke  of  a  grayish  or  whitish  colour,  and  do  very  well 
resemble  a  Capons  taile ;  whence  my  friend,  the  first  observer 
thereof,  gave  it  the  title  of  Gramen  A\€KTpv6vovpo9,  or  Capons-taile 
Grasse :  by  which  name  I  received  the  seed  thereof,  which  so  wen, 
tooke  root,  and  flourishes".    (Johnson) — Ger.  emac.  pp.  30,  29. 

^  The  correctness  of  the  determination  of  this  grass  as  Festuca  Myurus  L.  by 
Druce  is  doubted  by  D.  Stapf. 


1^2 


JOHN  GOODYER 


CurledParsley. 
Apium  crispum.  17  Feb.  1622 

At  Idsworth,  17  Feb.  1622. — MS.  f.  51  v. 

[Hill  in  1574  printed  the  following  prescription  for  Parsley. 
'  If  you  will  have  the  leaves  of  the  Parcely  grow  crisped,  then  before 
the  sowing  stuffe  a  tennis  ball  with  the  seedes,  &  beat  the  same  wel 
against  the  ground,  wherby  the  seedes  may  so  be  a  little  brused,  and 
then  sowe  them  in  the  ground,  or  when  the  Parcelye  is  well  come  up 
go  over  the  bed  with  a  waighty  roller,  whereby  it  may  so  presse  the 
leaves  downe,  or  els  treade  the  same  downe  with  thy  feete."  Th.  Hill, 
Arte  of  Gardening.] 

Calamagrostis  Epigejos  Roth. 
Calamagrostis.  27  Apr.  1622 

This  sedge  sendeth  forth  many  3  cornered  straked  stalkes,  about 
2  foot  high,  beareinge  at  ye  toppe  a  spike  or  eare  about  3  ynches 
longe  devided  into  12  or  13  lesser  scaly  eares,  and  those  againe  into 
smaller,  the  whole  spike  not  spreadinge  abroad,  but  growinge  neare 
together,  so  that  the  thicknes  is  not  above  an  ynch,  of  a  brownish 
color  before  the  flowers  come  forth,  which  appearinge  are  nothinge 
but  an  infinite  many  of  small  dustie  things  like  cheives,  at  ye  first 
opening  whitish  afterwards  yealowe  like  ye  flowers  of  other  grasses. 

[The  seed  is  small  contayned  in  chaffie  scales,  of  a  brownish 
chestnutt  color,  neare  3  cornered  &  broad  belowe  and  sharpe 
pointed  without  any  manifest  tast.   8  Julii  1622.] 

The  leaves  are  narrowe  about  2  or  3  foot  longe  growinge 
ymediatelie  from  ye  root,  as  it  were  3  cornered,  and  very  rough 
espetially  if  you  slide  your  fingers  from  their  topps  downewards, 
and  so  sharpe  that  they  cutt  one's  fingers  even  as  a  knife,  as  doth 
also  y®  stalk  ;  which  usually  is  without  leaves,  yet  sometimes  hath 
one  very  small  one  growinge  close  belowe  ye  spike,  neare  a  foot 
longe.  The  rootes  are  infinite  of  the  bignes  of  ye  rootes  oi gramen 
caninum  (couch  gras)  or  bigger  of  a  reddish  color  without,  closely 
mattinge  together,  and  gathering  the  mudd  or  dirt  amongst  them . 
Growinge  downeright  of  a  greate  lenght,  and  makinge  a  great  e 
stronge  tuft,  no  herbe  or  gras  like  it,  for  they  are  so  stiffe  & 
stronge,  that  growinge  in  ye  middest  of  water,  a  man  may  goe 
on  them  &  steppe  from  tuft  to  tuft,  ye  water  &  mud  beinge  of 
a  good  depth  betwixt  them. — MS.  f.  121. 

Oak.      Qiiercics  robiir. 
Cachrys  quercus.  28  Apr.  1620  &  9  May  1622 

The  Cachryes^  are  conceived  eyther  in  a  budd  with  the  leaves,  or 

^  The  term  cachrys  is  one  that  appears  to  have  been  used  for  the  young  cone^ 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


173 


in  a  budd  alone  by  them  selves.  Those  that  are  conceived  within  ye 
leaves  come  forth  together  with  them,  and  growe  at  the  ioynt  stoppe 
or  knott  betweene  the  last  yeres  twigge  and  the  newe  shoot,  some- 
times on  the  lower  part  of  the  newe  shoot,  those  that  are  conceived 
by  themselves,  soe  come  forth  without  any  leaves  or  shoot,  and 
these  growe  by  the  sides  of  y®  last  yeres  shoot.  This  cachrys  is 
composed  of  small  yealowish  crudled  bunches  or  clusters  grow- 
inge  a  little  asunder,  on  a  footstalk  about  2  ynches  longe,  3  or  4 
forth  of  one  budd,  and  some  wither  and  fall  away,  seldome  continu- 
inge  above  a  weeke  or  two.  When  there  are  plentie  of  these 
cachryes,  it  is  a  signe  there  will  followe  good  store  of  Acornes. 

9  Maii.  Forth  of  the  bosomes  of  the  leaves  on  the  newe  shoot 
come  forth  small  foot  stalks  on  y""  toppes  whereof  growe  2  or  3  or 
more  very  small  redd  flowers  :  ech  flower  beinge  no  bigger  then 
a  small  pinnes  head,  and  devided  into  3  ptes  (not  worth  the 
name  of  leves)  at  the  toppe,  in  the  place  whereof  cometh  uppe 
the  Acornes. 

4  Maii.  In  the  springe  when  the  leaves  first  beginn  to  come 
forth  there  often  groweth  from  the  topps  and  sides  of  the  last 
yeres  shootes  certaine  swellinges  as  bigge  as  little  apies,  not  alto- 
gether round  but  bunched  out  here  and  there,  reddish  on  that  part 
towards  the  sunne,  contayninge  an  austere  or  harsh  spongie  matter 

of  conifers,  for  catkins,  and  for  the  winter  buds  of  the  deciduous  trees.  Though 
much  used  by  the  early  botanists,  it  appears  to  have  dropped  out  of  use  at  the 
end  of  the  seventeenth  century,  and  is  not  even  included  in  many  later  lists  of 
technical  words.  Fuchs  in  1542,  in  his  Exphcatio  of  difficult  words,  defined  the 
term  as  follows : 

Cachryes  sunt  oblonga  panicularum  modo  nucamenta,  quae  squamatim 
compacta  propendent  e  ramis.  Crescunt  hyeme,  vere  dehiscunt  in  flavescentes 
squamulas,  et  folio  prodeunte,  decidunt :  qualia  in  abiete,  picea  et  aliis  permultis 
videre  licet.    Plinius  pillulas  nominat. — Fuchs,  Hist.  Stirp.  f.  /3  3. 

*  The  Birch,  the  Nut,  the  Walnut,  and  the  Plane  Tree  have  on  them  things 
in  Greek  called  Cachryes  in  English  Catkines  or  Catstailes,  if  I  mistake  not 
which  are  there  the  most  part  of  the  winter.  They  are  of  a  burning  quality 
in  Physick'  (Coles,  Art  of  Siinpling,  1656).  And  this  is  the  meaning  given  in 
the  New  English  Dictionary.  According  to  Parkinson  (1642)  Cachrys  is  the 
fifteenth  '  Excrescence  of  the  Oke  '.  It  was  borrowed  from  Theophrastus  iii.  7 
to  mean  '  a  round  conception  or  gathering  together  of  leaves,  growing  betweene 
the  last  yeares  shoote,  and  the  young  bud  for  the  next  to  come And  they  are 
borne  on  '  the  Firre  tree,  Larch,  Pitch,  Line,  Nut,  and  Plane  trees  *  as  well  as  on 
the  Oak,  all  of  which  '  doe  beare  a  Cachrys  after  the  leaves  are  falne,  abiding 
on  all  the  winter '.  Elsewhere  he  defines  it  as  '  a  scaly  tuft  of  leaves  growing  in 
winter,  and  falling  away,  say  some,  in  the  Spring :  but  others  think  that  it  is  but 
the  bud,  which  spreadeth  into  branches  with  leaves  after  Winter,  when  the 
Spring  is  come  on'  (Park.  Theatru7n^  882). 


^74 


JOHN  GOODYER 


within,  and  towards  Autumne  hath  eyther  maggotts,  flies  or  some 
livinge  creature  within  it,  this  hangeth  many  times  two  yeres  on 
the  twiggs,  and  then  also  have  had  maggotts  within  them  as  I  have 
scene. 

Gallae  foh'orum  quercus. 

There  is  often  to  be  seene  in  Autumne  on  that  part  of  the 
leaves  which  is  next  the  ground  a  round  pill  or  ball  without  a  foot- 
stalke,  sometimes  8,  lo  or  more  on  one  leafe,  reddish  on  that  parte 
next  the  sunne,  smooth  on  the  outside,  or  with  little  sharpe  extuber- 
ances,  verie  like  both  in  forme  and  bignes  to  the  trewe  galls,  onlie 
wantinge  hardnes,  but  contayninge  a  softe  spongious  matter  within, 
and  often  a  maggott,  and  a  hole  by  the  side.  These  beginn  to 
appeare  most  comonlie  about  the  middest  of  July,  of  the  bignes  of 
a  pease,  sometimes  by  the  middest  of  May  of  that  bignes,  as  the 
15  of  May  1622  when  I  only  sawe  them. — MS,  f.  85. 

Walnut.      Jnglans  regia  L. 
Cachrys  Juglandis. 

The  Cachryes  beginn  to  appeare  in  Aprill  a  little  before  the 
leaves  are  seene,  and  doe  thrust  themselves  forth  of  the  sides  of  the 
last  yeres  shootes,  but  one  in  a  place,  a  little  above  the  place  where 
the  footstalks  of  the  leaves  were  fastened  and  are  at  the  first 
closelie  compacted  and  finelie  chekered  without  anie  footstalke  or 
leaves  cominge  about  or  neare  them  ;  afterwards  they  growe  more 
rare  or  looser,  about  two  ynches  in  length  neare  as  bigge  as  the 
little  finger,  not  continuinge  two  weekes  before  they  wither  and  fall 
away.— J/vS.  f.  85. 

Chestnut.      Castanea  sativa  Mill. 
Cachrys  Castaneae. 

The  Cachryes  begin  to  springe  about  the  midle  of  May  together 
with  the  newe  shoots  forth  of  the  bosomes  of  the  yonge  and  tender 
leaves,  but  one  out  of  the  bosome  of  one  leafe  ;  composed  of  a  midle 
ribbe  or  footstalke  about  7,  8  or  9  ynches  longe  when  they  are  at 
their  full  growth  about  July,  which  midle  ribbe  is  thick  sett  by  the 
sides  with  small  scalelie  bunches,  which  about  the  middest  of  July 
open,  and  there  appeareth  out  of  ech  bunch  many  small  short 
cheives  of  a  very  pale  or  light  yealowish  color  as  are  also  their 
topps,-  they  appeare  very  slender  in  respect  of  their  length,  and 
soone  after  their  cheives  open  or  appeare  they  wither  and  fall 
away.  These  begin  to  come  forth  about  the  beginning  of  July, 
like  rough  hedgehog-like  pills  or  husks,  without  any  flowers,  only 
bearinge  at  ye  toppe  a  fewe  whitish  things  like  cheives,  theis 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS  175 

husks  growe  cluster-wise  7  or  more  together,  on  one  newe  shoot. — 
MS.  f.  85. 

Alder.      Almcs  glutinosa  Medic. 
Alder.  15  Maii  1622 

The  strobilus  or  fruite  of  the  Alder  cometh  forth  at  the  beginning 
of  the  springe  when  the  leaves  first  appeare,  they  growe  from  the 
toppes  of  the  last  yeres  twigges,  clusterwise  though  not  so  neare 
together  as  the  berries  of  the  vine,  about  8  or  9  in  a  cluster,  at 
the  first  small,  yet  of  their  full  length  which  exceedeth  not  half  an 
ynch,  in  shewe  like  Cachryes,  afterwards  growinge  like  in  fashion  to 
an  olive  not  fullie  so  bigge  as  a  sparrowes  egge,  composed  of  many 
brownish  scales  standinge  verie  neare  one  another  betwene  which 
the  seed  lieth.  These  usuallie  hange  on  a  yere  or  more. — MS.  f.  86. 

B  i  r  c  h.^      Betula  alba  L. 
[Unnamed  by  Goodyer.]  Undated. 

Ye  leaves  are  small,  smooth  broad  below,  growing  to  a  large 
point  nicked  by  the  sides,  in  some  like  those  of  the  black  poplar  but 
smaller. 

At  y®  very  first  coming  forth  of  the  leaves,  there  cometh  forth 
with  them  a  round  thinge  like  a  Cachryes,  but  is  indeed  the  fruite, 
about  3  quarters  of  an  ynch  longe,  and  nere  a  quarter  of  an  ynch 
over,  composed  of  flatt  scales  closely  sett  together,  each  scale  con- 
tayning  one  seed  of  a  browne  color  with  a  white  kernell  within. 
The  scales  with  a  light  touch  fall  apart  when  y®  seed  is  ripe,  the 
seed  being  neare  ripe  then  cometh  forth  at  y®  toppe  and  by  the 
sides  of  y®  same  yeres  shoot  small  Cachryes. 

26 

The  leaves  and  fruite  come  forth  towards  y*"  later  end  of  Aprill, 

26 

the  seed  is  ripe  at  ye  later  end  of  July,  the  Cachryes  beginn  to 
appear  at  ye  begining  of  July. — MS.  f.  3  v. 

Tribulus.  2  June  1622 

[The  year  *  1622 '  may  be  an  error  of  Johnson.    Goodyer's  own 
MS.  has  *  2  June  162 1 ',  which  see.] 

Wood  Club  Rush.      Scirpus  sylvatictts  L. 
Cyperus  gramineus  Lobelii.  8  Julij  1622 

•  This  hath  about  7  or  8  smooth  leaves  growinge  from  y®  roote 
3  foot  longe,  half  an  ynch  broad,  as  it  were  3  cornered,  sharpe  on 
ye  edges  especially,  if  you  drawe  your  fingers  on  them  downewards, 
amongest  which  growe  uppe  one  ioynted  smooth  stalk,  belowe  neare 
bigge  as  ye  little  finger,  three  cornered,  but  obtuse,  blunt  or 

^  Identified  by  A.  H.  C. 


176 


JOHN  GOODYER 


roundish,  not  sharpe  cornered  like  galangall.  Whereon  at  everie 
ioynt  is  placed  one  leafe  cloathinge  or  inclosinge  ye  stalk  upward 
above  ye  ioynt  an  ynch  and  a  half  or  more,  about  a  foot  and  a  half 
longe,  and  somewhat  broader  then  y®  former,  at  ye  toppe  of  which 
stalks  growe  usually  3  like  leaves  but  much  shorter,  from  which 
spring  forth  6  or  more  little  stalks  or  branches,  after  ye  manner  of 
galangall,  4,  5  or  6  ynches  long  except  ye  midle  branch  which 
usually  growes  not  an  ynch  above  ye  divison,  and  all  these  are 
againe  at  their  toppe  diversly  devided  into  many  parts,  bearinge 
little  knobbs,  scales  or  buttons  very  like  those  of  Rushes,  contayn- 
ing  very  small  yealowish  3  cornered  seeds  sharpe  pointed  at  both 
ends,  which  together  with  ye  little  buttons  in  ye  beg[inninge]  of 
July  fall  off.  The  rootes  at  ye  upper  parte  next  ye  leaves,  are 
infinite  of  small  white  threddy  strings,  sendinge  forth  underneath 
other  rootys  (?)  bigger  then  wheate  strawes  like  those  of  Arundo 
vallatoria  ioynted,  white  at  ye  first  after  of  a  brownish  yealow, 
without  smell,  by  which  the  plant  exceedingly  increase,  growing 
high  in  aboundance  together. — MS.  f  7  v. 

On  ye  west  parte  of  Gloster  Hall  by  Oxford.  5  Julii  1622 

The  stalk  is  round  rough  or  hairy,  ioynted,  neare  as  bigge  on  ye 
lower  parte  as  ye  little  finger  devided  towards  the  toppe  into  a 
fewe  branches,  bearinge  at  everie  ioynt  one  sharpe-pointed  leafe 
without  or  with  a  very  little  footstalk  about  5  ynches  long  and 
an  ynch  and  half  broad  or  hairy  like  ye  stalk,  not  indented 
by  ye  sides,  but  sometimes  with  small  excrescens  as  may  be 
seen  on  ye  leaves  of  Plantans  stand  inge  farr  apart.  Ye  flowers 
growe  at  ye  topps  of  ye  stalks  &  branches  on  long  slender  foot- 
stalks, of  a  yealowe  color,  ech  flower  beinge  composed  of  5 
greate  broad  topped  leaves,  which  beinge  full  blowne  is  neare 
2  ynches  broad,  contayning  within  many  small  yealowe  chives. 
The  roots  growe  forth  at  certaine  ioynts  on  ye  lower  parts  of  ye 
stalks  within  ye  water  and  mudd,  made  of  many  small  hairy 
strings.  This  herbe  at  ye  first  tastinge  seemeth  not  to  be  hott, 
but  beinge  held  in  a  little  space  in  ye  mouth  heateth  &  burneth 
little  inferior  to  ye  rest  of  his  kind. — MS.  f.  7  v. 

Great  Water  Parsnip.      Sium  latifolium  L. 
Pastinaca  aquatica  latifolia  at  Oxford.  5  Julii  1622 

[Rough  draft  for  the  next  description.] — MS.  f.  7  v. 

Pastinaca  aquatica  maxima.  5*°  Julii  1622 

Sium  maius  Gerardo  Phyto.  p.  270.  N°.  11. 

The  stalkes  are  greate  upright  straight  and  tall,  not  inferior  to 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


177 


the  garden  parsneppe  beinge  neare  as  bigge  as  a  mans  arme,  and 
as  high  as  a  tall  man,  with  greate  corners  deepe  chamfers,  and 
hoUowe  within,  devided  into  many  braunches ;  whereon  growe 
greate  broad  leaves  like  those  of  the  garden  parsneppe,  composed 
of  5  or  6  sometimes  7  or  8  indented  smooth  leaves  sett  on  ech 
side  of  a  longe  midle  ribbe,  and  one  at  the  toppe,  of  a  stronge 
smell.    The  flowers  were  not  come  forth. 

[Two  lines  left  blank,  perhaps  for  a  description  of  the  flowers.] 

The  rootes  are  infinite  growinge  at  the  lower  ptes  of  the  stalkes 
within  the  water  and  mudd,  white,  as  bigge  as  wheatestrawes,  and 
they  againe  sendinge  forth  abundance  of  threddy  strings,  by  which 
rootes  the  plant  encreaseth,  usuallie  3  or  4  stalkes  together  from 
one  tuft.  This  I  found  growinge  wild  plentifully  by  the  Rivers 
sides  and  in  the  water  diches  about  Oxford,  5*°  Julii  1622. — MS. 
f.  82  v. 

Stachys  germanica  L. 
Stachys.    Wild  Horehound.  [?  8  Julii  1622] 

564  Stachys. — Wild  Horehound  is  also  like  to  comon  horehound. 
There  rise  from  the  root  hereof  a  greate  number  of  stalks  high 
or  ioynted,  and  out  of  everie  ioynt  a  coople  of  leaves,  opposite 
or  sett  one  against  another,  somewhat  hard,  a  little  longer  than 
those  of  comon  horehound  and  whiter,  as  also  ye  stalks  are  sett 
with  soft  haires  and  of  a  sweet  smell.  Ye  flowers  doe  compasse 
ye  stalk  about  as  those  doe  of  comon  horehound,  but  they  are 
yealowe  and  y^  whorles  be  narrower.  The  root  is  woodie  and 
durable.— f.  7. 

Calamagrostis.  8  Julii  1622 

[See  27  Apr.  1622.] 

Sweet  Flag.     Acorus  Calamus  L. 
Acorus  legittimum  Clus.  231.    Acorus,  Ger.  56.  6  Julij  1623 

Acorus  hath  the  leaves  all  most  of  the  greater  narrowe  leaved 
Iris  \Iris  angiistifolid\,  but  much  longer,  and  of  a  most  pleasant 
greene,  the  midle  nerve  or  rib  somewhat  appearinge  forth  on 
both  sides  as  in  ye  leaves  of  Xiphium  whose  forme  they 
sufficiently  resemble ;  and  like  them  or  that  moorish  plant  which 
brings  forth  yealowe  flowers  like  ye  flowers  of  Irisy  which  some 
call  Iris  palustris^  the  better  skilled  more  trulie  Butomiis. 
They  come  one  out  of  another,  but  the  midle  leafe  is  most 
comonlie  longer  than  the  rest  ;  but  although  they  be  of  a  tast 
somewhat  bitter,  yet  not  unpleasant,  and  beinge  crushed  they 
yeld  a  pleasant  and  aromaticall  smell,  which  also  they  retaine 

N 


JOHN  GOODYER 


manie  yeres  after  beinge  dryed  and  without  iuyce.    About  the 
beginning  of  winter  they  wither   and   are   dryed,  but  in  the 
beginninge  of  springe  they  shoote  anewe  as  in  narrowe  leaved 
Iris,  moreover   it   produceth   not  a  stalk  betwene  the  leaves 
as  the  Irtdes,  but  out  of  the  side  of  y^  root  comes  a  leafe  * 
stalk  of  the  same  lenght  with  y^  other  leaves,  that  is  sometimes 
from  the  midle  unto  y®  toppe  is  plaine  and  like  the  rest,  but 
and  narrower,  and  as  it  were  fashioned  into  a  triangular  stalk 
it  beginns  to  be  extenuated  and  made  plaine  it  sends  forth  out 
(sometimes  but  very  seldome  two)  not  greater  in  ye  beginning 
appearinge  and  stanndinge  up  a  pright  [little 
partinge  (or  cutting)  themselves  acrosse  when  it  opens  itself  full  of 
consistinge  of  fower  small  leaves, 
afterwards  untill  it  gett  the  lenght  and  thic 
greene  knobbes,  in  such  a  comelie  order 
cone  of  the  wild  pine.    It  hath 
upper  parte  when  it  lies  hid  in  ye  earth, 

exceedinge  white  in  the  inner  parte,  distinguished  * 
stronge,  of  a  good  smell,  of  a  somewhat  bitter  and  sharper  tast, 
endewed  with  many  and  whitish  and  sweet  smellinge  threeds 

growinge  to  it  in  ye  lower  parte,  but  it  creeps  and  spreads 
itself  on  the  toppe  of  the  earth,  sendinge  forth  from  the  sides  and 
almost  everie  ioynt  or  knott  yonge  ones,  one  after  another, 
obliquely  (or  crookedlie)  so  that  in  a  short  time  it  takes  uppe 
a  greate  space. 

a  I  Julij  [161^4] 

a.  two  corners  standing  so  neare  together  that  they  make  a 

hollowe  like  a  furrow. 

b.  at  the  upper  end  of  the  furrowe. 

c.  without  any  footstalk. — MS,  f.  12^5. 

*  [Page  torn.] 

[The  date  shows  that  this  description  was  made  from  the  Acorus 
'  in  flower  in  Mris.  Mervin's  garden  6*^  Julii  1623'. — MS.  f.  51.] 

Papaver  Argemone  L. 
Argemone  capitulo  longiore  Ob.  p.  144.  24  Julii  1623 

In  Durford  garden. 

S  a  n  f  o  i  n.      Onobrychis  sativa  Lam. 
Caput  Gallinaceum  Belgarum.  24  Julii  1624 

In  flower  24  Julii  1624  between  Langford  &  Stapleford  in  Wiltes 
by  ye  way  on  ye  south  side  of  ye  river. — MS.  f.  52. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


179 


Shrubby  S  u  a  e  d  a.      Suae  da  fruticosa  Forsk. 
Chamaepytis  vermiculata.  10  Sept.  1624 

The  stalks  are  woodie  not  fuller  of  a  finger  bignes,  a  cubite  or 
2  foot  high  of  a  blackish  or  dark  ash  color  devided  into  many 
branches  whereon  grow  multitudes  of  small  round  fatt  leaves  of 
y®  fashion  of  w  .  .  es  very  like  those  of  comon  stone  croppe  full  of 
iuyce,  of  a  salt  tast,  of  a  darke  green  colour.  The  rootes  are  also 
woodie  branched  of  a  blacker  color  then  ye  stalks.  This  plant 
continueth  greene  continually  as  it  seemeth,  and  increaseth  by  the 
root  growinge  in  thick  tuffets  close  together.  I  observed  no  flowers 
nor  seed.— f.  127. 

[A  roughly  written  note  on  the  back  of  the  statement  of  '  Tenth 

mony '  received  by  Edward  Cole  in  1608.    See  p.  373.] 

Common  Spleenwort.      Aspleitiiim  Trichomanes  L. 
Trichomanes  mas.  —  Jan.  1624 

*  Mr.  Goodyer  saith  that  in  January  1624,  he  saw  enough  to  lade 
an  horse  growing  on  the  bancks  in  a  lane,  as  he  rode  between 
Rake  and  Headly  in  Hampshire  neere  Wollmer  Forest' — Ger. 
emac,  11 46. 

C  o  w  b  a  n  e.      Cicuta  virosa  L. 
Sium  alterum  olusatri  facie.  16  Sept.  1625 

Found  by  Mr.  Goodyer  in  the  ponds  about  Moore  Parke  [Ger. 
emac.  257)  and  at  Denham  in  Hertfordshire  in  standinge  motes  sine 
caule.— f.  58. 

Knotted  Pearlwort.      Sagina  7iodosa  Meyer. 
Alsine  palustris  foliis  tenuissimis.  12  Aug.  1626 

This  hath  a  great  number  of  very  small  grasse-like  leaves, 
growing  from  the  root,  about  an  inch  long,  a  great  deale  smaller 
and  slenderer  than  small  pinnes ;  amongst  which  spring  up  many 
small  slender  round  smooth  firme  branches  some  handful!  or 
handfull  and  halfe  high,  from  which  sometimes  grow  a  few  other 
smaller  branches,  whereon  at  certaine  ioynts  grow  leaves  like  the 
former,  and  those  set  by  couples  with  other  shorter  comming  forth 
of  their  bosomes ;  and  so  by  degrees  they  become  shorter  and 
shorter  towards  the  top,  so  that  toward  the  top  this  plant  somwhat 
resembleth  Tkymum  durius.  The  flowers  are  great  for  the  slender- 
nesse  of  the  plant,  growing  at  the  tops  of  the  branches,  each  flower 
consisting  of  five  smal  blunt  roundish  topped  white  flowers,  with 
white  chives  in  the  middest.  The  seed  I  observed  not.  The  root  is 
small,  growing  in  the  myre  with  a  few  strings.  This  groweth 
plentifully  on  the  boggy  ground  below  the  red  Well  of  Welling- 

N  2 


i8o 


JOHN  GOODYER 


borough  in  Northampton  shire.  This  hath  not  beene  described 
that  I  finde.  I  observed  it  at  the  place  aforesaid,  August  12 
1626. — Ger.  emac.  568. 

Grass  of  Parnassus.     Parnassia  palustris  L. 
Gramen  parnassi.  12  Aug.  1626 

In  the  boggy  ground  below  the  Red  Well  of  Wellingborough  in 
Northamptonshire. — Ger,  emac,  840. 

Cerinthe  minor  L. 
Cerinthe  minor  flore  albo  veris  luteis.  23  Sept.  1628 

This  in  stalks  and  leaves  dififereth  verie  little  from  the  other,  the 
flowers  in  shape  are  like,  the  color  from  the  midle  to  the  brim 
is  of  a  whitish  or  pale  yealowe,  the  brim  itself  a  much  deeper 
yealowe,  the  midle  hath  a  ringe  or  circle  of  a  reddish  purple  from 
that  circle  backward  that  is  to  the  fasteninge  of  the  huske,  of  a 
deepe  yealowe,  the  seeds  are  like  the  other  but  as  small  againe. — 
MS,  f.  120. 

[The  'other'  is  Cerinthe  flore  rubro,  9  July  1621.] 

Golden  Lungwort.     Hieraciiim  murorum  L. 
Pulmonaria  Gallica  sive  aurea  latifolia.  27  May  1631 

'  I  received  some  plants  of  this  from  Mr.  John  Goodyer,  who  first 
found  it  May  27,  1631  in  flower;  and  the  3  of  the  following  May 
not  yet  flowring  in  a  copse  in  Godlemen  in  Surrey,  adioyning 
to  the  orchard  of  the  Inne  whose  signe  is  the  Antilope.' — Ger. 
emac.  305. 

Triticum  vulgare  L. 
Wheat  ear  with  Oats. — Ger.  emac,  65.    See  p.  62.  1^32 

Water  Plantain.     Damasonium  stellatum  Thuill. 
Plantago  aquatica  stellata.  2  Julij  ^()'^'^ 

The  roote  is  nothinge  but  a  multitude  of  very  small  white 
thredds  like  hairs  growinge  in  the  myre  amonge  which  springe  the 
leaves,  their  footstalks  are  about  3  ynches  longe,  at  the  toppe  of 
ech  groweth  igrosse  plaine  smoth  leafe,  not  indented,  an  ynch  long, 
a  quarter  of  an  ynch  broad  or  somewhat  broader,  sharpe  pointed, 
with  two  eares  belowe  sometimes,  but  most  comonly  without. 

The  stalks  growe  uppe  amongest  them,  in  number  5  or  6  plain 
smooth  round  firme  not  hollowe,  small,  as  bigge  as  a  small  straw, 
on  ech  stalk  groweth  an  umbell,  consisting  of  7  footstalks,  6  of 
them  having  at  the  toppe  of  ech  a  starr-like  fruite,  of  six  sharpe 
pointed  husks  like  the  rowell  of  a  spurr,  the  seaventh  footstalk 
beareth  an  other  umbell,  with  3  or  4,  5  or  6  footstalks  &  starr-like 
husks  like  the  former. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


i8i 


Neare  London  highwaie  in  the  watery  plashes  at  the  east  end  of 
the  greate  Comon  bctweene  Sandie  Chappell  and  Kingston,  neare 
the  bridge  as  you  ride  out  of  the  Comon  by  a  small  Cottage  there. 
I  saw  no  flowers. — MS.  f.  137. 

[A  note  scribbled  on  the  back  of  a  list  of  men  of  the  Tithing  of 
.  .  .  [name  obliterated],  p.  381.] 

[Goodyer  first  found  this  plant  in  161 8  growing  on  Hounslow 
Heath,  the  station  quoted  by  Johnson. — Ger.  emac.  p.  418.] 

Fern  s. 

Filix  mas  varietates  &  difTerentiae.  4  Julii  1633 

I  have  observed  foure  sorts  of  Ferne,  by  most  writers  esteemed 
to  be  the  male  Ferne  of  Dioscorides :  by  Anguillaria,  Gesner, 
CcEsalphius,  and  Clnsius,  accounted  to  be  the  female,  and  so  indeed 
doe  I  thinke  them  to  be,  though  I  call  them  the  male,  with  the 
multitude.  If  you  looke  on  these  Femes  according  to  their  severall 
growths  and  ages,  you  may  make  many  more  sorts  of  them  than 
I  have  done ;  which  I  am  afraid  hath  beene  the  occasion  of 
describing  more  sorts  than  indeed  there  are  in  nature.  These 
descriptions  I  made  by  them  when  they  were  in  their  perfect 
growths. — MS.  f.  138;  Ger.  emac.  11 29. 

Broad  Shield-fern.     Aspidium  dilatatum  Sm. 
Filix  mas  ramosa  pinnulis  dentatis.  4  Julii  1633 

The  roots  are  nothing  but  an  aboundance  of  small  blacke  hairy 
strings,  growing  from  the  lower  parts  of  the  maine  stalkes  (for 
stalkes  I  will  call  them)  where  those  stalkes  are  ioyned  together. 
At  the  beginning  of  the  Spring  you  may  perceive  the  leaves  to 
grow  forth  of  their  folding  clusters,  covered  with  brownish  scales 
at  the  superficies  of  the  earth,  very  closely  ioyned  together: 
a  young  plant  hath  but  a  few  leaves ;  an  old  one,  ten,  twelve,  or 
more :  each  stalke  at  his  lower  end  neere  the  ioyning  to  his 
fellowes,  at  his  first  appearing,  before  he  is  an  inch  long  having 
some  of  those  blacke  fibrous  roots  for  his  sustenance.  The  leaves 
being  at  their  full  growth  hath  each  of  them  a  three-fold  division, 
as  hath  that  Ferne  which  is  commonly  called  the  female :  the 
maine  stalke,  the  side  branches  growing  from  him,  and  the  nerves 
growing  on  those  side  branches  bearing  the  leaves  :  the  maine 
stalke  of  that  plant  I  describe  was  fully  foure  foot  long  (but  there 
are  usually  from  one  foot  to  foure  in  length)  full  of  those  brownish 
scales,  especially  toward  the  root,  firme,  one  side  flat,  the  rest 
round,  naked  fully  one  and  twenty  inches^,  to  the  first  paire  of  side 
branches.  The  side  branches,  the  longest  being  the  third  paire 
from  the  root,  were  nine  inches  long,  and  shorter  and  shorter 


JOHN  GOODYER 


towards  the  top,  in  number  about  twenty  paire ;  for  the  most  part 
towards  the  root  they  grow  by  couples,  almost  opposite,  the  neerer 
the  top  the  further  from  opposition :  the  nerves  bearing  the  leaves, 
the  longest  were  two  inches  and  a  quarter  long,  and  so  shorter  and 
shorter  toward  the  tops  of  the  side  branches ;  about  twentie  in 
number  on  each  side  of  the  longest  side  branch.  The  leaves  grow 
for  the  most  part  by  couples  on  the  nerve,  eight  or  nine  paire  on 
a  nerve  ;  each  leafe  being  gashed  by  the  sides,  the  gashes  ending 
with  sharpe  points^  of  a  deep  green  on  the  upper  side,  on  the  under 
side  paler,  and  each  leafe  having  two  rowes  of  dusty  red  scales, 
of  a  browne  or  blackish  colour :  toward  the  top  of  the  maine  stalke 
those  side  branches  change  into  nerves,  bearing  only  the  leaves. 
When  the  leaves  are  at  their  full  growth,  you  may  see  in  the 
middest  of  them  at  their  roots  the  said  scaly  folding  cluster ;  and 
as  the  old  leaves  with  their  blacke  threddy  roots  wholly  perish, 
they  spring  up ;  most  yeares  you  may  finde  many  of  the  old  leaves 
greene  all  the  Winter,  especially  in  warme  places.  This  groweth 
plentifully  in  the  boggy  shadowie  moores  neere  Durford  Abbey  in 
Sussex,  and  also  on  the  moist  shadowie  rockes  by  Mapledurham 
in  Hampshire,  neere  Petersfield  ;  and  I  have  found  it  often  on  the 
dead  putrified  bodies  and  stems  of  old  rotten  okes,  in  the  said 
moores ;  neere  the  old  plants  I  have  observed  verie  many  small 
yong  plants  growing,  which  came  by  the  falling  of  the  seed  from 
those  dusty  scales :  for  I  beleeve  all  herbes  have  seeds  in  them- 
selves to  produce  their  kindes,  Gen.  i.  ii.  &  12. — MS.  f.  138-9; 
Ger.  emac.  1129. 

[I  thought  to  have  called  this  Dryoptei^is^  but  that  is  described  by 
Cordus  and  Tragus  to  be  a  very  small  tender  ferne  not  above 
9  inches  high  with  creeping  roots  like  those  of  Polypodium 
(^r^Wj.]— MS.  f.  138. 

The  three  other  have  but  a  twofold  division,  the  many  stalks  and 
the  nerves  bearing  the  leaves.  The  roots  of  them  all  are  blacke 
fibrous  threds  like  the  first,  their  maine  stalks  grow  many  thicke 
and  close  together  at  the  root,  as  the  first  doth :  the  difference  is 
in  the  fashion  of  their  leaves,  and  manner  of  growing,  and  for 
distinctions  sake  I  have  thus  called  them  : 

Male  Shield-fern.     A spidium  Filix-mas  S w. 
Filix  mas  non  ramosa  pinnulis  latis  densis  minutim  dentatis. 

4  Julii  1633 

The  leaves  are  of  a  yellowish  greene  colour  on  both  sides,  set 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


very  thicke  and  close  together  on  the  nerve,  that  you  cannot  see 
betweenc  them,  with  marvellous  small  nickes  by  their  sides,  and  on 
their  round  tops :  each  leafe  hath  also  two  rowes  of  dusty  seed 
scales ;  the  figures  set  forth  by  Lobel^  Tabern.,  and  Gerard^  under 
the  title  of  Felix  mas,  do  well  resemble  this  Ferne.  This  growes 
plentifully  in  most  places  in  shadowie  woods  and  copses. — MS. 
f.  139;  Ger.emac.  1129-30. 

Nephroditim  Filix-mas,  Sw.,  var.  affinis  (Newm.). 
Filix  mas  non  ramosa  pinnulis  angustis,  raris,  profunde  dentatis. 

4  Julii  1633 

The  leaves  are  of  a  deepe  greene,  not  closely  set  together  on  the 
nerve,  but  you  may  far  off  see  betwixt  them,  deeply  indented  by 
the  sides,  ending  with  a  point  not  altogether  sharpe  :  each  leafe 
hath  also  two  rowes  of  dusty  seed  scales.  I  have  not  scene  any 
figure  well  resembling  this  plant.  This  groweth  also  in  many 
places  in  the  shade. — MS.  f.  140  ;  Ger.  emac.  1 130. 

Prickly  Shield-fern.       Polystichum  aculeatum  S w. 
V2ix.  lobatum  Sym^',  or  Angular  Shield-fern.  P. 
angulare  Presl. 
Filix  mas  non  ramosa  pinnulis  latis  auriculatis  spinosis. 

4  Julii  1633 

The  leaves  are  of  a  deeper  greene  than  either  of  the  two  last 
described,  placed  on  the  nerve  not  very  close  together,  but  that 
you  may  plainly  see  between  them  ;  each  leafe  (especially  those 
next  the  stalke)  having  on  that  side  farthest  off  the  stalk  a  large 
eare  or  outgrowing  ending,  with  a  sharp  pricke  like  a  haire,  as  doth 
also  the  top  of  the  leafe :  some  of  the  sides  of  the  leaves  are  also 
nicked,  ending  with  the  like  pricke  or  haire.  Each  leafe  hath  two 
rowes  of  dusty  seed  scales.  This  I  take  to  be  Filix  mas  aculeata 
maior  Bauhini.  Neither  haue  I  seene  any  figure  resembling  this 
plant.  It  groweth  abundantly  on  the  shadowie  moist  rockes  by 
Mapledurham  neere  Petersfield  in  Hampshire. — MS.  f.  140  ;  Ger. 
emac.  1130. 

Marsh  Shield-fern.    Dryopteris  Thelypteris  Asa  Gray. 
Dryopteris  Penae  &  Lobelii.  6  Julii  1633 

The  roots  creepe  in  the  ground  or  mire,  neere  the  turfe  or  upper 
part  thereof,  and  fold  amongst  themselves,  as  the  roots  of  Poly- 
podium  do,  almost  as  big  as  a  wheat  straw,  and  about  five,  six, 
or  seven  inches  long,  coal  blacke  without,  and  white  within,  of 
a  binding  taste  inclining  to  sweetnesse,  with  an  innumerable  com- 


JOHN  GOODYER 


panie  of  small  blacke  fibres  like  haires  growing  thereunto.  The 
stalkes  spring  from  the  roots  in  severall  places,  in  number  variable, 
according  to  the  length  and  encrease  of  the  root ;  I  have  seene 
small  plants  have  but  one  or  two,  and  some  bigger  plants  have 
fourteene  or  fifteene :  they  have  but  a  two-fold  division,  the  stalke 
growing  from  the  root,  and  the  nerve  bearing  the  leaves :  the 
stalke  is  about  five,  six,  or  seven  inches  long,  no  bigger  then 
a  bennet  or  small  grasse  stalke,  one  side  flat,  as  are  the  male 
Femes,  the  rest  round,  smooth,  and  green.  The  first  paire  of  nerves 
grow  about  three  inches  from  the  root,  and  so  do  all  the  rest  grow 
by  couples,  almost  exactly  one  against  another,  in  number  about 
eight,  nine,  or  ten  couples,  the  longest  seldome  exceeding  an  inch 
in  length.  The  leaves  grow  on  those  nerves  also  by  couples,  eight 
or  nine  couples  on  a  nerve,  without  any  nickes  or  indentures,  of  a  yel- 
lowish greene  colour.  This  Feme  may  be  said  to  be  like  Polypodiiim 
in  his  creeping  root,  like  the  male  Feme  in  his  stalke,  and  like  the 
female  Feme  in  his  nerves  and  leaves.  I  could  finde  no  seed-scales 
on  the  backesides  of  any  of  the  leaves  of  this  Ferne.  Many  yeares 
past  I  found  this  same  in  a  very  wet  moore  or  bog,  being  the  land 
of  Richard  Austen^  called  Whitrow  Moore,  where  Peate  is  now 
digged,  a  mile  from  Petersfield  in  Hampshire  ;  and  this  sixth  of 
luly,  1633,  I  digged  up  there  many  plants,  and  by  them  made  this 
description.  I  never  found  it  growing  in  any  other  place:  the 
leaves  perish  at  Winter,  and  grow  up  againe  very  late  in  the 
Spring. — MS.  f.  340  ;  Ger,  emac.  1135-6. 

[There  is  a  sketch  by  Goodyer  of  a  fern  on  the  same  page  as  this 
description]. 

Ulmus  campestris  Sm.,  U.  moiitaiia  Stokes,  U.  glabrayWW^x^ 
U.  minor  Miller. 

Elms.  1633 
[For  Goodyer's  descriptions  of  the  four  species  of  Elm  see  p.  38.] 
Among  the  undated  notes  and  species  contributed  by  Goodyer 
to  Johnson's  second  edition  of  Gerard  were  the  following.  The 
descriptions  must  therefore  be  earlier  than  1633  several  may 
date  from  c.  i6ai. 

Marsh    Helleborine.      Epipactis palustris  Crantz. 
Palma  Christi,  radice  repente.  [Before  1633] 

'  It  growes  also  plentifullie  in  Hampshire  within  a  mile  of  a 
market  Towne  called  Petersfield,  in  a  moist  meadow  named  Wood- 
mead,  neere  the  path  leading  from  Petersfield,  towards  Beryton.' 

[Johnson  [Ger.  emac.  227)  prints  this  locality  without  acknowledge- 
ment, but  it  was  doubtless  communicated  to  him  by  Goodyer.  The 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


description  of  the  species  is  unfortunately  illustrated  by  a  wood-block 
of  Goodyera  repens,  an  orchid  of  a  genus  named  by  Robert  Brown  in 
honour  of  Goodyer,  thus  unfortunately  connecting  his  name  with  a  plant 
which  he  had  probably  never  seen.  Goodyer's  '  Palma  Christi '  or 
*  Creeping-rooted  Satyrion '  has  been  identified  by  Canon  Vaughan  as 
Epipactis  palustris,  a  species  to  be  found  in  boggy  situations  in  several 
parts  of  Hampshire.  Brown,  thinking  that  it  was  the  same  as  a  rare 
northern  orchid,  found  in  certain  fir-woods  in  Cumberland  and  Scotland, 
gave  it  the  name  of  Goodyera  repens  in  honour  of  our  Hampshire 
botanist,  who,  it  is  suggested,  might  possibly  have  met  with  a  specimen 
of  this  rare  northern  plant  in  the  low-lying  grounds  between  Petersfield 
and  Maple-Durham.] 

R  a  m  p  i  o  n  s.      Phyteuma  orbiculare  L. 
Rapunculus  corniculatus  montanus.  [Before  1633] 

Johnson  '  received  seeds  and  roots  hereof  from  Mr.  Goodyer  who 
found  it  plentifully  growing  wilde  in  the  inclosed  chalkie  hilly 
grounds  by  Mapledurham  '. —  Ger.  emac.  455. 

Sea  Bindweed.      Convolvulus  Soldanella  L. 
Soldanella  marina.  n.  d. 

[The  local  Isle  of  Wight  name,  'Scurvy  Grass,'  given  to  this 
plant,  supports  the  truth  of  the  following  remark  of  Johnson  :]  '  My 
friend  Mr.  Goodyer  hath  told  me  that  in  Hampshire,  at  Chichester, 
and  thereabout,  they  make  use  of  this  for  Scurvie-grass,  and  that 
not  without  great  errour,  as  any  that  know  the  qualities  may  easily 
perceive. —  Ger.  emac.  839. 

Golden  Saxifrage.     Chrysospleniiim  oppositifolium  L. 
Saxifraga  aurea.  [Before  J  633] 

Mr.  Goodyer  hath  also  observed  it  abundantly  on  the  shadowie 
moist  rockes  by  Maple  Durham  in  Hampshire. —  Ger.  emac.  (S42. 
[The  first  record  for  Hants.] 

Geranium  lucidum  L. 
Geranium  saxatile,  Thalii.  [Before  1633] 

Master  Goodyer  found  it  growing  plentifully  on  the  bankes  by 
the  highway  leading  from  Gilford  towards  London  neere  unto  the 
Townes  end. — Ger.  emac.  938. 

[First  record  for  Britain.] 

Phyllitis  Scolopendrium,  Newm.,  var.  multifida, 
Phyllitis  multifida.    Finger  Harts-tongue.  [Before  1633] 

Mr.  Goodyer  found  it  wilde  in  the  banks  of  a  lane  neere 
Swaneling,  not  many  miles  from  Southampton. — Ger.  emac.  1139. 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Digitalis  ferrtiginea  L. 
Digitalis  ferruginea.  21  Sept.  1633 

This  is  a  verie  comely  plant  growinge  like  a  pyramide. 

The  maine  stalk  is  3  or  4  foot  high,  greene,  smooth,  with  some 
edges,  not  hollowe  but  filled  with  a  white  spungie  pith,  growinge 
upright  as  strait  as  an  arrowe,  not  farr  from  the  lower  part  it 
sendeth  forth  many  branches,  not  growinge  so  high  as  the  stalk. 

The  leaves  are  many,  &  spread  uppon  the  ground  before  the  stalk 
groweth  uppe,  greene  &  smooth  on  both  sides,  without  nicks  by  the 
sides,  usuallie  with  5  ribbes,  like  those  of  quinque  nervia  plantayne, 
about  —  ynches  long  &  —  ynches  broad.  Also  such  leaves  growe 
on  the  stalks  and  branches,  but  small  and  shorter  towards  the  toppe, 
not  by  cooples  but  heare  and  there. 

The  flowers  make  a  comely  spike,  &  as  the  stalk  and  branches 
growe  so  they  flower  still  upwards  nere  their  topps  hollowe,  of  the 
bignes  of  the  toppe  of  the  little  finger,  the  upper  side  half  an  ynch 
longe,  the  lower  side  hath  lipps  stickinge  forth  of  a  quarter  of  an 
ynch,  &  on  ech  side  of  the  flower  ther  is  one  excrescence  or  — 
like  the  toth  of  a  sawe,  in  the  inside  there  is  usually  4  cheives 
growinge  to  the  upp  part  of  the  flower,  the  whole  is  of  a  rustic 
iron  color,  with  many  purplish  strakes,  &  somewhat  hayrie  both 
without  &  within. 

The  flowers  fallen,  the  seed  vessels  playnely  appeare  makinge 
a  longe  spike,  besettinge  the  stalks  and  branches  round  about,  in 
forme  round  and  sharpe  pointed,  but  half  as  bigge  as  the  flower 
half  an  ynch  large  at  the  lower  part  of  ech  seed  vessell  groweth 
fower  scalie  leaves,  half  as  bigge  but  fully  as  longe  as  the  nayle  of 
the  little  finger. — MS.  i.  137  b. 

Tooth  cress.      Dentaria  bulbifera  L. 
Dentaria  baccifera  v.  bulbifera.  6  Aug.  1634 

At  May  field  in  a  wood  of  Mr.  Stephen  Penckhurst  called  High- 
reed  and  in  another  wood  of  his  called  ffox-holes. — MS.  ff.  53,  62. 

Procumbent   Pearl  wort.      Sagina  apetala  L. 

20  June  1634 

Perianthos  4  greene  blunt-topped  leaves  hollowed  sherie  fashion, 
spreading  open,  one  opposite  against  another  crosse- 
wise. 

I'he  flower  4  very  small  white  blunt-topped  leaves,  not  so  bigg 
as  a  small  pinnshead  a  quarter  as  bigg  as  ye 
perianthos  spreading  iust  between  them,  making 
a  duble  crosse. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


187 


pointell  Small  white  &  short  open  at  y**  toppc  into  4  pts,  one 

parte  lyenge  iust  over  ech  flower. 

chives  4  white  chives  standing  just  as  farr  out  as  the  top  of 

ye  pointell  and  ech  pointell  standinge  iust  opposite 
to  ech  leafe  of  ye  perianthos. 

pericarpium    hath  4  greenish  leaves  in  form  of  those  of  the 
periantos,  closed  fast  together  till  the  seed  is  ripe. 

seed  the  seed  is  small,  smaller  than  that  of  sweet  margerom 

and  ...  of  colour  like  it,  many  lyeng  in  one  peri- 
carpium.— MS.  f.  14. 
[The  identification  of  this  unnamed  description  has  been  due  to  my 
friend  Mr.  A.  H,  Church.   It  is  the  earliest  English  account  of  the  plant.] 

Horse-shoe   Vetch.      Hippocrepis  comosa  L. 
Ferrum  equinum  Germanicum  siliquis  in  summitate.     9  Aug.  1634 
On  Buttersworth  Hill,  9  Aug.  1634  :  ripe  seed. —  MS.  f.  53  V. 

Marsh   Isnardia.      Litdwigia pahistris  Ell. 
Herba  aquatica  rubescens,  facie  Anagallidis  Acre  luteo. 

39  Aug.  1645 

The  stalks  are  smooth  almost  round,  sometimes  some  parts  of 
them  a  little  square,  reddish,  firme  within,  not  hollowe,  sometimes 
allmost  a  foot  longe,  of  the  bignes  of  those  of  orgamen. 

The  leaves  growe  by  cooples,  on  the  stalkes  &  branches,  on  short 
footstalks  somethinge  like  those  of  Anagallis  Jio.  hiteo}  The 
biggest  are  nere  3  quarters  of  an  ynch  longe  &  half  an  ynch 
broad,  also  reddish,  smooth,  nothinge  at  all  indented  by  the 
edges ;  those  on  the  toppes  of  the  stalkes  &  branches  are 
shorter  and  smaller  ;  the  ioynts  about  the  middest  of  the  stalkes 
are  allmost  an  ynch  apart  but  towards  the  topps  of  the  stalks  & 
branches,  they  are  very  neare  together.  The  branches  come  forth 
at  the  bosomes  of  the  leaves,  &  thereby  increase  very  much.  The 
roots  are  like  small  threeds  &  come  forth  at  the  ioynts  of  the  stalks 
&  branches,  &  take  hold  in  the  mudd. 

The  flowers  come  forth  at  the  bosomes  of  the  leaves  towards  the 
toppes  of  the  stalks  &  branches,  usually  forth  of  ech  bosome  but 
one,  sometimes  two,  in  one  bosome  &  but  one  on  that  opposite  to 
them  ;  they  are  small,  scarce  to  be  called  flowers,  but  are  like  the 
huskes  of  many  herbes  that  containe  the  flowers  before  they  be 
opened,  this  huske  or  flower  is  not  half  a  quarter  of  an  ynch  longe, 
and  is  divided  into  4  parts,  or  leaves  at  the  toppe,  ech  leafe  beinge 
sharpe  pointed  &  little  bigger  then  a  small  pinnes  head  of  a  greenish 

*  Lysimachia  nemoru7n  L. 


i88 


JOHN  GOODYER 


colour,  &  does  not  fall  offe  as  the  leaves  of  other  flowers  doe  but 
continue  on  till  and  after  the  seed  is  ripe. 

The  seed  is  contayned  in  that  huske,  &  is  white  &  as  small  as 
dust. 

The  whole  herbe  is  of  a  reddish  colour,  and  flotes  in  or  uppon 
the  water  and  prospers  well  when  all  the  water  is  dryed  from  it, 
&  then  flowers,  seldom  before.  I  could  never  observe  any  flowers 
but  on  those  plants  from  which  the  water  was  dryed  away,  and  that 
in  August. 

I  have  long  observed  this  plant,  as  I  found  it  growinge  in  the 
rivulett  on  the  east  side  of  Petersfield,  runinge  and  a  heathy  comon 
about  the  middest  thereof.  I  cannot  yet  tell  what  genus  it  is,  nor 
what  name  is  most  proper  for  it. — MS.  f.  141. 

[The  Marsh  Isnardia  is  one  of  the  very  rarest  of  Hampshire  plants, 
and  Goodyer's  description  has  not  been  printed  before  ;  indeed  it  was 
not  known  that  he  had  noted  it  about  a  quarter  of  a  century  before 
the  date  of  the  first  '  record '  given  by  Townsend.  After  Merrett  had 
recorded  Goodyer's  discovery  in  1666,  the  plant  does  not  appear  to 
have  been  seen  again  until  about  1835  ?  when  it  was  rediscovered  by 
Miss  Rickman  and  J.  Barton;  'and  in  the  moist  summer  of  1848, 
Dr.  Bromfield  found  it  plentifully  (he  had  searched  for  it  unsuccess- 
fully in  previous  dry  summers)  in  marshy  spots,  into  which  expanded 
at  intervals  the  shallow  stream  which  drains  the  great  pond  at  Peters- 
field.  I  am  not  aware  of  the  plant  having  been  found  at  Petersfield 
since  1848,  though  it  has  been  repeatedly  searched  for.  The  shallow 
stream  above  described  is  now  so  circumscribed  that  even  during  the 
wet  summer  of  1S79  it  expanded  into  no  marshy  spots  in  which  Isnardia 
could  have  a  chance  of  growing.  I  searched  the  stream  through  the 
Common  and  along  its  course  downwards  for  about  a  mile,  but  without 
success.  The  plant  is  now  extinct  in  Sussex,  the  only  other  county  in 
which  it  has  been  found  in  Great  Britain.'  '  Mr.  Bolton  King's  patient 
determination  to  rediscover  the  plant  [in  the  Brockenhurst  neighbour- 
hood, where  it  had  been  found  by  Borrer  in  1843]  was  rewarded  by 
finding  it  abundantly  in  1878  in  another  spot  in  the  neighbourhood.']^ 

Beech.     Fagus  sylvatica  L. 
Fagus.  Before  1650 

I  found  one  much  varying  in  his  leaves,  some  were  whole  as  those 
of  the  ordinary,  others  much  jagged  or  divided. — Goodyer  quoted 
by  How,  Phytologia,  p.  40. 

I 650-1 656 

The  notes  on  the  following  nine  plants  occur  in  How's  handwriti7ig 
in  his  interleaved  copy  of  the  Phytologia  Britannica.  They  must 
therefore  have  been  written  between  i6jo.,  when  the  book  was 
published,  and  16^6,  when  he  died, 

^  Townsend,  Flora  Hampshire^  p.  158. 


<: 
<: 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


189 


Cardamine  ivipatiens  L. 
Cardamine  flosculis  minoribus,  sive  impatiens. 
From  rills  and  ditch  sides  about  Bath. 

Dr.  Johnson  was  mistaken  in  saying  yt  this  was  Sitmt  minimum, 
Alp.    I  have  both  ye  plants.    I  admonished  him  of  this  error  but 
he  lived  not  to  amend  it.    J.  Goodyer. — p.  21. 
[Johnson  died  in  1644.] 

Polypodium  Dryopteris  L. 
Dryopteris,  Trag.  Tree-fern. 

It  growes  on  a  bottome  called  Rogers  Deane  in  ye  parish  of 
Faringdon  in  Hampshire,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  from  ye  church, 
a  furlong  from  one  John  Trybes  dwelling  house  on  ye  north  east 
part  of  ye  house  about  2  miles  from  Alton  about  a  mile  north  east 
from  Dogford  Wood.  Great  antient  beeches  kept  ye  sunne  from 
shining  on  ye  Plants.  Ann.  1654  many  of  those  trees  were  cut 
downe.  The  Plants  ye  sunna  shone  on  y*  summer  '54  were  short, 
ye  leaves  growing  on  short  stemms  neere  ye  earth  as  Tabernaemont 
pictureth  it,  p.  501  tom  2  under  ye  title  of  Filicula  petraea  fem.  3. 
Those  yt  grew  under  ye  trees  were  much  higher  agreable  to  Tragus 
figure  p.  538.    John  Goodyer.' — p.  35. 

Ye  least  Furze.  Ulex  nanus  Forst. 
Park.  des.  of  Genista  spinosa  minor  p.  1003  accords  not  with 
ye  Least  Furze  ;  ours  beares  no  leaves  at  all.  They  are  but  ye  first 
sproutings  of  ye  thornes  or  prickles,  even  as  of  ye  great  furze  (bee 
hee  what  hee  will  y*  willes  ye  contrary)  ye  cods  have  furze,  even  as 
ye  cods  of  ye  greater  furze.  I  cannot  find  from  whence  Park,  rec** 
his  fig.  I  suppose  it  was  made  by  imagination.  J.  Goodyer. — 
P-  45- 

[Dr.  Stapf,  who  has  kindly  assisted  in  the  determination  of  Goodyer's 
furzes,  writes  that  in  his  opinion  and  in  that  of  Mr.  Sprague  Genista 
spinosa  minor  Park.,  p.  1003,  is  entirely  dubious.  The  figure  in 
Parkinson  goes  back  to  the  1588  edition  of  Tabernaemontanus,  where 
it  is  meant  to  illustrate  Nepa  Theophrasti  of  Pena  and  Lobel,  but 
Tabernaemontanus  himself  says  he  is  not  sure  whether  it  fits  that  plant. 
There  is  no  indication  where  it  was  drawn  from.  Lobel's  Nepa  Theo- 
phrasti is  evidently  Ulex  parvifiorus^  and  it  may  be  that  the  figure  is 
just  a  very  bad  illustration  of  that  species.  This  UleK  would  probably 
not  be  hardy  in  England.] 

Gorse.      Ulex  Europaeus  L. 
Genista  spinosa  flore  albo  Park,  j  003. 
[A  whitish  flowered  variety.] 


I90  JOHN  GOODYER 

Ulex  parvifloTus, 
Genista  spinosa  major  brevibus  aculeis  Bauh.  Pin.  p.  394. 

This  I  suppose  groweth  not  in  England.  Pena  and  Lobel  in 
Adv.  p.  354  had  seene  it  nowhere  but  in  Province  wch  is  a  hott 
country,  and  Lob.  lived  time  enough  in  England  before  ye  Adv, 
was  vi^ritten  to  have  observed  it  if  it  had  growne  but  half  so  common 
as  ye  lesser  Furze. ^  Cam[erarius]  in  hort.  med.  pag.  106  saith  '  in 
fichlibus  asservanda'  wch  argues  yt  it  will  not  endure  abroad  in 
a  cold  countrie  in  ye  winter.  The  Icons  yt  were  made  for  Nepa 
in  Adv.  p.  354,  in  Tabern.  Ic.  p.  408,  in  Hist.  Lugd.  p.  164  agree 
not  with  ye  lesser  Furze.  Parkinson  sayes  yt  his  Genista  spinosa 
minor  p.  1003  is  ye  Nepa  of  Lob.  This  duly  considered  I  am 
confident  to  affirme  yt  our  lesser  Furze  is  not  yet  described.  John 
Goody er. — p.  45. 

[Druce  [Goody er^  p.  26)  is  all  at  sea  in  the  transcription  of  this 
paragraph.  Dr.  Stapf  writes,  *The  Bauhinian  species  is  evidently 
a  mixture.  To  judge  by  the  first  synonyms  (Anguillaria  and  Pena  and 
Lobel)  it  was  very  probably  meant  for  Ulex  parvijiorus,  but  through 
the  additions  (Tabern.  &c.)  it  got  confused.  See  my  observations  sub 
U.  nanus. ^\ 

Toad  rush.      Junciis  bufofiius  L. 
Gr[amen]  holosteum  Alpinum  minimum.    Bauh.  Prod. 

'  Male  a  Johnsono  Holosteum  pumilum  non  descriptum,  pervenit 
in  ericetis.    Job.  Goodyer.' — p.  53. 

 ?    {See  p  171.) 

Gramen  murorum  spica  longissima.    Capons  taile-grasse. 
*  Mr.  Goodyers  upon  ye  walls  of  Winchester.' — p.  54. 

Oenanthe  angustifolia. — p.  81.    {See  under  18  June  1620.) 

Pulmonaria  angustifolia  L. 
Pulmonaria  maculosa. 

How  substitutes  the  name  of  Goodyer  for  that  of  Loggins  as  the 
authority  for  the  locality.  'Neer  Kings-wood  in  Hampshire.' — p.  100. 
[See  under  25  May  1620.] 

Vicia  sylvatica  L. 
Vicia  maxima  sylvatica. 

Great  wood  Vetch  from  a  wood  nigh  Bath. 

How  has  changed  name  to  V.  max.  sylvatica  '  spicata  Bathoniensis 
Goodyeri — p.  129. 

[How's  MS.  note  in  his  Pkytologia.] 

^  Ye  lesser  furze.  Parkinson  uses  the  term  '  lesser  furse  bush  '  for  Genista 
spinosa  minor.  Does  not  Goodyer  use  it  in  the  same  sense,  just  as  an  English 
translation  of  that  name  ? — O.  S. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


191 


Geraniitni  coltnnbimim  L. 
Geranium  columbinum  foliis  magis  dissectis,  pediculis  longissimis. 

Aug.  1654 

I  found  it  wild  in  ye  beginning  of  August  1654.  It  is  not 
described  or  pictured  yt  I  find.    John  Goodyer. 

Ou[ery]  ye  place  of  growth  and  des[cription]  for  this  and  [the 
next  plant]  following. 

^  In  several  places  of  Hampshire.  J.  Goodyer.'  Merrett,  Pinax  45. 

[Druce's  reading  of  the  passage  giving  the  locality  as  White 
Chapell  is  not  justified.] 

Sisymbrium  Irio  L. 
Erysimum  ii  Tab.    Ou[aere]  locum.  [Before  1656] 

Grows  in  ye  streets  near  White  Chappell  east  from  Aldgate, 
London.    J.  Goodyer. 

[Note  in  How's  handwriting  at  end  of  his  Phytologia.] 

Buiiias  orientale  L. 
Rapistrum  aliud  non  bulbosum.    P.  862.  [Before  1656] 

'  In  the  broad  street  by  White  Chappel,  Mr.  Goodyer.'  Merrett, 
Pinax  103. 

[Although  this  record  was  not  printed  before  1666,  it  is  probable 
that  Goodyer  found  the  plant  with  '  Erysimum  ii  *  on  the  same  visit  to 
London.  If  this  be  so,  it  must  have  been  before  the  date  of  How's 
death  in  1656.] 

Wild  Madder.      Rubin  peregrina, 
Rubia  sylvestris.  12  Aug.  1655 

[Recorded  by  Turner,  1551-68.] 

The  stalks  are  fower  square,  hollowe  within  smooth,  one,  two, 
three  foot  high,  sometimes  higher,  with  ioynts  three  or  fower 
ynches  apart :  at  the  ioynt  somethinge  about  the  ground  growe 
forth  two  side  branches  &  the  like  side  branches  at  everie  ioynt 
upward  on  the  maine  stalk,  and  those  branches  at  the  ioynts  send 
forth  other  side  branches  after  the  same  manner.  At  each  ioynt 
of  the  greater  stalk  growe  the  leaves  in  a  circle  which  are  smooth, 
6,  7,  8  sometimes  9  at  ech  ioynt,  the  biggest  leaves  sometimes  are 
about  3  quarters  of  an  ynch  longe,  and  broad,  at  ech  ioynt 

also  of  the  branches  growe  such  leaves,  but  are  smaller  &  smaller 
towards  the  toppes  of  the  stalkes  &  branches. 

The  flowers  growe  abundantlie  neare  the  toppes  of  the  stalkes 
and  branches,  racematim,  and  are  white,  everie  flower  havinge  4  small 
sharpe  pointed  leaves.  The  seeds  are  small,  round,  manie  times 
two  growinge  together.    The  rootes  are  small,  with  some  threeds. 


192 


JOHN  GOODYER 


creepeth  farr  in  the  earth,  the  bai  ke  thereof  beinge  of  a  yealowish 
redd  color,  &  stickie  hard  in  the  midle. 

The  stalks  &  branches  die  everie  yere,  the  rootes  continue  manie 
yeres. 

It  usuallie  growes  in  drie  chalkie  grounds,  in  barren  places  the 
stalks  are  short,  a  foot  or  little  longer,  &  needes  no  supporter,  in 
richer  grownds  they  are  much  longer,  in  hedges  &  amongest  bushes, 
longest  and  needs  supporters,  as  doe  Gallium  albttni. — MS.  f.  142. 

Apium  inundatum  Reichb.  f. 
Sium  pusillum  foliis  variis.  2  Junij  [656 

The  leaves  before  the  plants  have  stalkes  are  like  those  of  fennell 
but  much  smaller,  growinge  in  abundance  in  the  mudd  within  the 
water.  The  stalkes  are  hollowe  as  bigge  as  a  wheate  strawe,  greene 
for  the  most  parte  sometimes  reddish  &  a  foot  long  or  longer  & 
growe  uppe  amongest  the  leaves  not  upright  but  swimming  sidelonge 
in  the  water,  the  toppes  only  appearinge  above  it,  wch  at  the  ioynts 
devides  into  severall  branches.  At  each  ioynt  on  the  stalk  within 
the  water  growes  one  leafe,  like  fennell  as  the  former,  but  shorter 
&  smaller,  towards  &  on  the  toppes  of  the  stalkes  &  branches  with 
eyther  and  a  little  above  the  water,  or  swimminge  on  it  are  leaves 
much  broader  then  the  former,  in  forme  &  fashion  to  those  of 
Eruca  pahistri's  minor  [Water-Rocket^].  Tab[ernaemontanus] 
pictured  in  his  Icons  p.  447  ;  only  these  have  not  above  2  or  3  paire 
of  small  leaves  on  the  midle  ribbe  of  ech  leafe,  &  that  hath  4,  5  or 
more. 

At  the  ioynts  of  the  stalks  towards  their  toppes  growe  the  foote- 
stalks  about  an  ynch  of  length,  ech  footstalk  for  the  most  parte 
devided  towards  the  toppe  into  2  parts,  on  ech  of  which  parts 
comonly  groweth  2,  3,  4  or  5  small  white  flowers,  clusterwise 
together,  ech  flower  havinge  4  small  sharpe  pointed  leaves,  ech  leafe 
beinge  no  bigger  then  a  small  pins  head. 

In  their  places  come  2,  3,  4  or  5  seeds  as  bigge,  and  of  the  forme 
of  Caraway  or  parsley  seeds  clusteringe  also  together. 

The  rootes  are  as  small  as  threeds  &  growe  at  the  ioynts  of  the 
stalks  &  fasten  them  selves  in  the  mudd  whereby  it  mightelie 
increaseth.    It  flowers  about  the  beginninge  &  midle  of  May. 

This  plant  growes  comonly  in  small  lakes,  &  water  plashes,  but 
not  described  before  that  I  know  of.  2  Junij  1656  I  made  this 
description  when  the  plant  hadd  almost  done  floweringe,  &  much 
of  the  seed  was  of  its  full  growth. — MS.  f.  143. 

^  Nasturtitwi  sylvestre  R.Br. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


193 


Holosteum.  2  Junii  1656 

See  '  Herba  aquatica'  19  Aug.  1645. 

Marsh  Ragwort.     Se^tecio paludostis,  L. 
Conyza  aquatica  laciniata.  19  July  1656 

Growes  in  greate  plentie  in  the  fenns  in  Norfolk  near  Downam 
marjcett  neare  Linn,  by  the  relation  of  John  Header  of  Downam 
markett,  a  grocer. — MS.  9,  f.  186  a. 

Samphire.      Crithmum  maritimum  L. 
Crithmum  chrysanthemum  Ger.  em.  [i^5^] 
Grows  by  Hurst  Castle,  Hants,  by  relation  of  John  Meader  of 
Downham. — MS.  9,  f.  201  a. 

?Smooth  Tare.      Vicia  tetrasperma  Moench. 
Viciae  sive  Craccae  minimae  species  cum  siliquis  glabris  Joh. 
Bauhini.    Tom  2,  p.  315.  JG.  626.    An  Vicia  segetum  singu- 

laribus  siliquis  glabris.  Pin.  C.  Bauh.  p.  345  (b.  3).  4  Junii  1657 
The  stalk,  a  verie  little  above  the  ground  &  so  upward  sendeth 
forth  at  the  bosomes  of  the  leaves  severall  other  stalkes  or  branches, 
angular  not  round,  a  foot,  a  foot  &  half  high  or  longe,  little  more 
or  lesse. 

The  Leaves  growe  on  the  stalkes  or  branches,  about  an  ynch 
apart  not  by  cooples,  but  one  in  a  place,  ech  leafe  beinge  composed 
of  a  midle  ribbe,  endinge  with  a  tendrell  with  which  it  taketh  hold 
of  what  groweth  neare  it  and  on  ech  midle  ribe  3  or  4  paire  of 
leaves,  ech  leaf  being  about  half  an  ynch  longe  and  not  fuUie 
one  eight  part  of  an  ynch  broade. 

The  flowers  growe  on  footstalks  forth  of  the  bosomes  of  the  leaves, 
usuallie  one  footstalk  out  of  ech  bosome  &  no  more,  ech  footstalk 
beinge  about  an  ynch  longe  as  small  as  a  small  threed.  The  flowers 
come  forth  in  May  &  June  &  growe  on  the  toppes  of  the  footstalkes, 
one,  two  or  three  at  the  most,  yet  seldome  above  one  on  ech  footstalk, 
a  quarter  of  an  ynche  longe,  of  a  blewish  or  purple  violett  color, 
of  the  fashion  of  those  of  Aracus  sive  Cracca  minima  Lobelij. 

The  codds  succeed  the  flowers,  ech  codd  beinge  about  half  an 
ynch  longe,  half  a  quarter  or  the  eight  part  of  an  ynch  broad,  &  are 
smooth  not  hairie  or  woollie. 

The  seeds  are  contained  in  the  codds,  2,  3  or  4  seeds  in  ech  codd, 
and  are  [unfinished]. 

The  roote  is  small  accordinge  to  the  proportion  of  the  plant 
devided  into  severall  strings  or  thredds  &  perisheth  when  the  seed 
is  ripe.— 7^/5.  f.  145. 

[?  First  evidence  for  Hants.] 
O 


194 


JOHN  GOODYER 


The  7text  seven  records  are  from  Goodyers  MS.  entries  in  How's 
interleaved  copy  of  his  Phytologia  {MS.  i8)  received  by  Goody er 
on  30  Apr.  1659. 

Rumex  Acetosa  L. 
Acetosa  maxima  After  30  Apr.  1659 

Goody  er  MS.  iti  How,  Phyt.  MS.  18,  p.  2. 

Alsine  aquatica  verna.    Springe  chickweed. 
MS.  18,  p.  4. 

Arctium  Lappa  L. 
Arctium  montanum  et  Lappa  minor  Galeni  Lob.    Button  Burre. 
Mangerfield  in  Master  Langlie's  Yard.^    MS.  18,  p.  10. 

Galeopsis  Tetrahit  L.,  var.  bifida  Boenn. 
Cannabis  spuria  altera  flo.  purp^    Netle  Hempe. 

C.  spuria  altera  sylvestris,  Lamium  quorundam  Lob.  Icon.  537. 
In  agris. — MS.  18,  p.  20. 

Carex  vulpina  L. 
Gramen  palustre  Cyperoides  Lob.  Ger.    Great  Cyperus  Grasse. 
MS.  18,  p.  54. 

Viola  tricolor  L. 
Viola  sive  Jacea  tricolor  sylvestris  parva.    Wild  Pansies. 
In  agris. — MS.  18,  p.  130. 


Common  Ragwort.      Senecio  Jacobaea. 
Jacobaea  Pannonica  2  Clus.  4  June  1659 

Mr.  Tho.  Bartar^  of  Petersfeild,  schoolemaster  gathered  this 
imagined  Pulmonaria  Gallica  Lobelii,  on  Ladle  Hill  in  flower  and 
brought  it  to  J.  G.  the  4  of  June  1659. 

^  Druce,  Goodyer,  p.  25,  notes  that  this- record  is  not  included  in  the  Flora  of 
Hampshire.  Why  should  it  be The  Manor  of  Alangotsfield  was  purchased 
in  1612  by  Mr.  Philip  Langley  who  lived  in  Rodway  Hill  Manor  House,  still 
a  fine  survival  of  the  time  of  King  Henry  VHI,  three  of  whose  wives  may 
have  visited  it  (Emlyn  Jones,  Oiir  Parish :  Mangotsfield).  It  was  here  that 
Johnson  and  his  socii  were  entertained  in  so  grand  a  manner  by  '  that  truly 
noble  and  generous  man  Philip  Langley '  when  on  their  herborizing  journey  in 
July  1634.  Evidently  finding  his  own  words  inadequate  to  describe  the  luxury 
of  the  house  and  the  sumptuous  meal  provided  for  his  company,  Johnson  fell 
back  on  Virgil,  and  quotes  a  passage  descriptive  of  some  similar  occasion  when 
'  laden  tables  crowned  with  wines huge  goblets,  drinking  cups,  &c.,  marked  the 
feast  (White,  Flora  of  Bristol,  p.  54). 

2  Druce  has  misread  this  name  as  '  Geo.  Burton',  in  the  Rep.  Bat.  Exch.  Club 
SuppL  191 6,  p.  23. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  PLANTS 


195 


It  is  Jacoboea  Pannonica  2  Clus.  C.  Bauh.  p.  131  (b.  ^)  &  it  is 
Jacoboea  angustifolia  in  this  booke^  p.  '2(So. — MS.  18,  p.  10. 

[Then  follows  a  recipe  taken  from  Parkinson,  Theairum^  p.  518, 
for  an  Alkanet  ointment  prepared  by  boiling  20  earthworms  in  good 
sallet  oil. — MS.  in  How,  Phytologia^  p.  10. 

Ladle  Hill,  crowned  by  a  circular  camp,  is  near  Burghclere  in  the 
north  of  Hampshire.] 

Cloudberry.     Rubtis  Chamaemorus  L. 
Cloudberry.  15  Apr.  1663 

Mr.  Tho.  Thornton  parson  of  Sutton  ats  Sulton  in  Sussex  in 
Arundel  Rape,  borne  at  Bentham  in  Yorkshire,  2  miles  from 
Yngleborowe  hill,  15  Apr.  1663  promised  Cloudberry. — Goodyer's 
MS.  note  in  his  copy  of  Ray,  Catalog2is  Plantarum  circa 
Cantabrigiam  nasc. 

Species  of  plants  described  in  Goodyers  MS.  and  included  by  Merrett 

in  his  Pinax  by  permission  of  Edmund  Yalden  in  1666. 
Alsine  flosculis  conniventibus.  Montia  fontaria  L. 

Anagallis  aquat.  flore  parvo  viridi  caule  rubro.     Ludvigia  palustris 

Elliot. 

Aria  Theophrasti  fol.  obtusis.  Pyrus  Aria  L. 

Caucalis  pumila  segetum.  Caucalis  arvensis  Huds. 

Geranium  columbinum  fol.  magis  dissectis.  Ger.  columbinum  L. 
Gramen  Paniceum.  Bearded  Panick  grass.  Panicum  Crus-galli  L. 
Juniperus  sterilis.  Juniperus  communis  L. 

Lathyrus  maior  angustifol.  fl.  pallide  rubro.  Lathyrus  sylvestris  L. 
Lychnis  sylv.  flore  carneo  odorato.  Lychnis  dioica  L. 

'  Ex  Misto  Gooderiano.' 
Nidus  avis.  Neottia  Nidus-avis  Rich, 

^enanthe  angustifolia,  Lob.  Oenanthe  Lachejialii  Gmel. 

Pulmonaria  foliis  Echii.  Ptdmonaria  angustifolia  L. 

Quercus  serotina,  procerior  foliis  fructuq.  minoribus,  Dor-Oak. 

Linwood  Hill,  Bramshaw,  Wilts.  Quercus  robur  L.  agg. 

Rapistrum  aliud  non  bulbosum.  Bunias  orientate  L. 

Rapunculus  sylvestris  flore  rubro  albescente.    Campanula patula  L. 
•  In  the  pastures  &  hedgesides  on  the  North-west  of  the  Moor 

not  far  from  the  great  bog  neer  Petersfield,  Mr.  Goodyer' 
Sedum  Divi  Vincentii,  ND.  Sedum  rupestre  L.  van  minus. 

Serpyllum  foetidum.  Thymus  Serpyllum  L. 

Slum  umbellis  ad  caulium  nodos.  Apium  nodiflorum  Reichb. 

Taxus  tantum  florens.  Taxus  baccata  L. 

^  Gerard  emacidatus. 
O  2 


196 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Veronica  mas  recta.  Veronica  officinalis  L. 

Vicia  Bathoniensis  vel  maxima  sylvatica.  Vicia  sylvatica  L. 

Merrett  also  notes  the  following  nine  species  as  occurring  in  or  near 

Petersfield,  a  locality  possibly  supplied  by  Goodyer. 
Caryophillus  saxatilis  Ericae  fol.  umbellatis  corymbis,  C.  B. 

Probably  Arenaria  tenuifolia  L.^ 
In  the  middle  way  betwixt  Lippock  and  Petersfield. 
Chamaepeuce  foemina  seu  polyspermos.     Lycopodium  clavatum  L. 

A  mile  on  this  side  Lippock  in  Hampshire. 
Esula  minor  seu  Pithusa  G.  502.  Euphorbia  sp. 

In  divers  corn  fields  near  Petersfield. 
Fungus  corallinus  ad  antiquarum  arborum  radices. 

Clathrus  cancellatus  L. 

In  the  Woods  near  Peters  Field. 
Gramen  Paniceum  procumbens.  Panicum  sanguinale  L. 

In  a  Lane  &  watery  places  and  Ditches  near  Petersfield. 
Gramen  Piperinum,  Pepper-grass.  Pilularia  globulifera  L. 

Near  Petersfield. 

Gramen  Secalinum  maximum.    The  greatest  Rye  grass.    P.  1144. 

Hordeum  sylvaticum  Huds. 
In  the  Woods  a  mile  west  from  Petersfield. 
Holosteum  repens  junci folium.  Probably  Scirpus  fluitans  L.^ 

At  the  bottom  of  the  Moor  on  the  East  side  of  Petersfield. 
Rapunculus  corniculatus  montanus.    Ger.  em.  455. 

Phyteuma  orbiculare  L. 
Between  Selbury  Hill  and  Beacon  Hill  in  the  way  to  Bath,  and 
in  the  Chalkey  hills  by  Maple-Durham,  Hampshire. 


Species  attributed  to  Goodyef^  by  Ray,  and  not  included  in  preceding 

lists. 

'  Flea-grass.'  Carex  pulicaris  L. 

Cyperoides  pulicare  Merret,  Pinax,  'observed  first  by  Mr.  Goodyer 
and  by  him  named  Flea-grass,  from  the  likeness  of  its  seeds,  both 
for  figure  and  colour Ray,  Synopsis.  The  locality  is  given  as 
*  a  mile  East  of  Oxford but  whether  Goodyer  himself  found  it 
there  is  not  stated. 


^  Species  determined  by  B.  D.  J. 


GOODYER'S  LIBRARY 


At  his  death  in  1664  Goodyer  bequeathed  his  collection  of 
books  de  Plantis  to  Magdalen  College  in  Oxon,  *  to  be  kept 
entirely  in  the  library  of  the  said  College  for  the  use  of  the  said 
College ' ;  and  one  Compton,  described  in  the  College  Accounts  as 
*  auriga  de  Petersfield  was  paid  £%  for  bringing  the  books  to 
Oxford.  The  librarian,^  who  incorporated  the  bequest,  inscribed 
the  greater  number  of  the  volumes  with  the  words  *  Ex  dono  Joh. 
Goodyer,  generosi ',  and  entered  a  list  of  them  in  a  Book  of  Bene- 
factors :  a  few  volumes  were,  however,  left  unmarked.  At  first 
the  books  were  more  or  less  kept  together,  but  the  changing  needs 
and  views  of  successive  generations  led  to  their  being  scattered 
throughout  the  library,  some  being  removed  to  a  distant  room  in 
the  Founder's  Tower.  In  about  1909  Canon  Vaughan,  the  dis- 
tinguished Hampshire  botanist,  when  preparing  an  article  on  John 
Goodyer,  entitled  'A  forgotten  Botanist  of  the  Seventeenth  Century', 
could  get  no  adequate  idea  of  his  predecessor's  library.  Eventually, 
however,  the  original  list  was  discovered  and  copied.  It  is  headed 
thus : 

'  A.  D.  1664.  Johannes  Goodyer  generosus  idemque  Botanicus 
celeberrimus  libros  sequentes  (qui  fere  universes  de  re  herbaria 
tractantes  complectuntur)  ad  valorem  plus  minus  i:zo^^^  amoris 
ergo  moriens  CoUegio  Magdalenensi  Legavit  ', 

which  may  be  translated  as  follows :  '  John  Goodyer,  gent.,  and 
a  most  distinguished  Botanist,  bequeathed  at  his  death  to  Magdalen 
College  as  a  token  of  his  affection  the  following  books  (which  com- 
prise almost  all  the  authorities  on  botany)  to  the  value  of  about 

Canon  Vaughan  at  once  realized  the  value  of  the  books.  But  let 
him  speak  for  himself.  '  The  names  and  descriptions  of  the  volumes, 
reveal  a  most  splendid  legacy  of  botanical  treasures.  I  had  already 
recognized  in  Mr.  John  Goodyer  a  botanist  of  high  repute,  but  that 
he  possessed  such  a  library  I  never  for  a  moment  suspected.  The 
discovery  came  to  me  as  a  revelation.  With  the  exception 
perhaps  of  the  British  Museum,  the  Bodleian  Library,  the  Cam- 
bridge University  Library,  and  the  Library  of  the  Linnean  Society, 

^  In  1664  Trebbecke,  a  chaplain,  was  paid  £(i  io«  'pro  cura  Bibliothecae ', 
and  John  Clitheroe  received  the  customary  salary  of  'pro  supervisione 
Bibliothecae '. 


198 


JOHN  GOODYER 


there  can  be  few,  if  any,  such  collections  of  botanical  works  of  the 
sixteenth  and  first  half  of  the  seventeenth  centuries  in  this  country.' 

When  appointed  to  the  charge  of  the  library  in  19 19  I  was 
quite  unaware  of  Canon  Vaughan's  correspondence  with  my  pre- 
decessor, and  the  transcript  of  the  list  of  the  Goodyer  books  was 
not  in  the  library.  Using  the  old  list  in  the  Book  of  Benefactors 
as  a  guide,  the  work  of  bringing  the  scattered  volumes  together 
was  begun,  and  with  it  the  compiling  of  a  new  catalogue  of  those 
works  which  are  still  in  the  library.  It  is  a  matter  for  congratulation 
that  the  collection  is  far  more  extensive  than  a  somewhat  imperfect 
list  printed  in  the  Supplement  to  the  Botanical  Exchange  Club 
Report  for  1916  would  lead  one  to  expect,  and  that  with  few 
exceptions  most  of  the  volumes  mentioned  in  the  original  list  can 
be  identified.  All  the  books  in  the  collection  have  now  been 
marked  with  serial  numbers  and  with  the  canting  crest  of  the 
Goodyer  family.  There  are  about  239  separate  printed  treatises 
bound  up  into  134  volumes  which  in  size  are  about  equally  divided 
into  folio,  quartos,  and  octavos.  Of  incunabula  or  works  printed  in 
the  fifteenth  century  there  are  a  few  examples,  chiefly  from  the 
famous  press  of  Aldus  in  Venice ;  about  a  hundred  of  the  treatises 
belong  to  the  sixteenth,  and  the  rest  to  the  first  half  of  the 
seventeenth  century. 

The  wealth  and  variety  of  the  collection  is  clearly  shown  by  the 
catalogue,  but  the  personal  associations  of  particular  volumes  with 
contemporary  botanists,  as  well  as  the  marginal  annotations,  indexes, 
and  notes,  which  Goodyer  so  freely  added  to  the  works  he  used, 
give  a  unique  value  to  many  of  the  books. 

Some  sixty-four  of  his  books  have  the  day  of  their  acquisition 
and  the  price  paid  clearly  written  on  the  first  fly-leaf.  It  is 
moreover  a  matter  of  interest  that  of  the  twenty  works  published 
and  purchased  by  him  between  1650  and  1660  no  less  than  seven 
were  acquired  by  Goodyer  in  the  year  before  publication  :  a  clear 
proof  that  his  enthusiasm  for  his  science  led  him  to  keep  in  the 
closest  touch  with  the  booksellers. 

He  appears  to  have  started  the  practice  of  dating  his  books  on 
31  January  16 15  when  he  acquired  Bauhin's  1598  folio  edition  of 
Matthiolus  for  2Qs.  The  subsequent  dated  additions  to  his  library 
were  as  follows : 


Date  of  acquisition. 


Price.  Title  and  Year  of  Publication. 

s  d 

2    6     Clusius,  Curae  posteriores,  1611. 

16    o  J       „      Rariorum  plantarum,  1601. 


13  Novemb.  1616 
12  Decemb.  1616 


\  Pona,  Monte  Baldo,  fol.  1601. 


LIBRARY 


199 


Date  of  acquisition. 

15  fteb. 1616 
28  tTeb.  1 6 16 

10  Marcii  1616 

12  Mar.  1616 

17  Mar.  1616 
9  April  1620 

18  May  1623 

Binding 
7  September  1623 

13  October  1623 
30  Oct.  1623 
30  Novemb.  1623 
26  Junii  1624 

17  Novemb.  1627 
10  Novemb.  1627 

18  April  1629 
ID  Novemb.  1631 

14  Novemb.  1631 
13  Novemb.  1632 

2  October  1632 
10  Octob.  1632 
18  Maij  1633 

bindinge 
28  Oct.  1634 


Price. 
s  d 


15 

3 

4 
4 
I 

20 


15 

16 
6 


Title  and  Year  of  Publication. 

Clusius,  Exoticorum,  1605.    Paged  by  G. 
Bauhin,  Phytopinax,  1 596.  Full  of  G.'s  notes. 
Lobel,  Plantarum,  1605. 

2^'^  part.  ) 

l^t  part  [98  6d 

the  binedinge  them  together. ) 
Dodoens,  Stirpium,  1616. 

2    o.    Sprecchis,  Antabsinthium,  1611. 

Theophrastus,  Opera,  1541. 
Columna,  Minus  cogn.  stirpium,  1616. 
Lobel,  Kruydtboeck,  1581, 


30  April  1634  4 
24  Aug.  1640  36 
In  quires 

The  bindinge  3 
27  April  1641 
?  1648 

19  ffeb.  1651  5 
15  March  165 1 

li 

22  March  165 1  32 


receaved  this  booke  from  bindinge.     Bauhin,  Pinax,  1623. 

3  6     Bauhin,  Prodromus,  1620. 

4  o     Caesalpinus,  De  Plantis,  1583. 
10   o     de  Passe,  Hortus  Floridus,  1615. 

9    o     Pona,  Monte  Baldo,  1617. 
o  18     Dioscorides,  de  curationibus,  1 565. 
o  12     Thevet,  Amerique,  1558. 
o    6     Plat,  1608. 

20    o     Matthiolus,  Comment.  1583. 
4    o     Matthiolus,  Compendium  1571. 
4    6  )  48  7^1.    Donati,  de  semplici  di  Venetia, 
o    I  i  1631. 

Johnson,  Mercurius,  1634,  ex  dono  Th. 

Johnson. 
Dodoens,  De  Frugum.  1552. 


15  July  1652 
I  Decemb.  1652 


5  10 

3  6 
14  o 


II  Aug.  1653 

ID  Feb.  1653 
7  Septemb.  1654 
7  Septemb.  1654 

19  Februarij  1654 

15  June  1654 

16  Apr.  1654 

30  Marcii  1654 

31  Augusti  1634 
7  Sept.  1654. 

14     „      „  3 

20  Marcij  1655  I 
4  Aprill  1655  25 

19  Aprill  1655  3 


4  6 


10  o 


7  6 

8  6 


2  6 


39.    Parkinson,  Theatrum,  1640. 

Johnson,  Mercurius  Pars  altera. 
Thurneiser,  1578,  bound. 
Culpeper,  English  Physician,  1652. 
Bauhin,  Historia  plantarum. 

Sent  Dr.  Dale  for  Johes  Bauhin  3  volumes, 
for  the  portage  to  &  from  Dr.  Dales, 
to  John  Symonds  to  carry  up  the  money, 
to  William  Mychell  for  bringing  the 
bookes  down. 

Pemel,  Simples,  1652. 

Hernandez,  Planta  Mexicanorum,  165 1. 

'  to  a  porter  for  carriage  to  Dr.  Dale. 
Portage  down  in  Mris  Elz.  Heathes 
Trunck.'— II  Dec. 
Renealmus,  Specimen,  161 1.    [Purch.  by 
How.]. 

Bauhin,  Theatri  botanici,  1658. 
Duval,  Phytologia,  1647. 
Laurenberg,  Horticultura,  1654. 
Lobel,  Stirpium  illustrationes,  1655. 
Dioscorides  &  Nicander,  1499. 
Lonicer,  (imp.). 

Matthiolus,  Les  Commentaires,  1566. 
Aristotle  &  Theophrastus,  1552. 
Amatus  in  Diosc.  1558. 
Binding  Dioscorides  MS. 
Coles,  Art  of  simpling,  '56. 
Matthiolus,  Kreutterbuch,  1590. 
Brunyer,  Hort.  Blesensis,  1653. 


200  JOHN  GOODYER 


Date  of  acquisition. 

19  Aprill  1655 

5  Aprill  1655 

1  Junij  1655 

10  May  1655 
25  May  1655 
25  May  1655 
25  May  1655 

25  May  1655  unbound 
28  Junij         the  bindinge 

25  May  1655  in  quires 

28  Junij  1655  the  bindinge 

6  Sept.  1655  2 
15  Julij  1657 

15  Julij  1657 

16  Decemb.  1657 
16  Decemb.  1657 

11  Mar.  1658 

2  Dec.  1658 
30  Apr.  1659 
30  Apr.  1659 

1659 
21  March  1660 
10  May  1660 

26  Sept.  1661 


Price. 

s 

d 

2 

8 

2 

4 

2 

4 

3 

6 

8 

0 

25 

0 

15 

0 

4 

0 

I 

2 

12 

0 

3 

4 

14 

0 

30 

0 

10 

0 

4 

2 

I 

2 

3 

0 

4 

0 

6 

0 

2 

6 

4 

0 

Zi//^  and  Year  of  Publication. 

Vigna,  Animadversiones. 
Cooke,  Chirurgery,  1648. 

„  Supplement,  1655. 

Muffet,  Health,  1655. 
Troxiten,  1595. 

Dioscorides,  Laguna  transl.  1555. 
Curtius,  1560. 

5s  8^.    Guilandinus,  Theon,  1558. 

15^  4^^    Lonicer,  Kreuterbuch,  1630. 

Tabernaemontanus,  1625. 

Theophrastus,  ed.  Gaza,  1644. 

Moscardo,  1656. 

Langham,  1633. 

Coghan,  Health,  1636. 

Neander,  Tobacologia,  1626.    [Ex  dono 

R,  Downes.] 
Everartus,  Panacea,  1659. 

Dodoens,  Herbarius,  1563  |  ^  Basingstoke.' 

Dorsten,  Botanicon,  1540  )  ° 

[How],  Phytologia,  1650. 

Lovel,  Hist.  Animals,  1661. 

Ray,  Cat.  PI.  Cantabrigiensis,  1657. 

Binding  Theophrastus  MS. 


Signatures  or  Personal  Memoranda  in  Goodyer's 

Books. 

The  numbers  are  the  reference  numbers  stamped  on  the  backs  of  the  volumes. 


Hendrik  Alberts. 
Guilielmus  Barloits  Anghis. 
JB  ex  dono  CB  coitsmig. 

Evidently  a  gift  from  Caspar 
O.  Bilson.'' 
He7iry  Blount. 
Magister  Bowden. 
De  Brina 

Lancelot  Browne^  M.D.,  Ijg8.^ 
F.  Bust  IS77' 
Jacob  ColeJ^ 

D.  Daile  in  Long  Aker. 
Dr.  Dale.'' 


Dodoens.  11. 
Dioscorides.  113. 
Thurneiser.  37. 
to  Jean  Bauhin.^ 
Turner.  13. 
Neander.  67. 
Dodoens.  11. 
Clusius.  106. 
Caesalpinus.  59. 
Joubert.  128. 
Dodoens.  96. 
Hernandez.  26. 
Hernandez.  26.    Bauhin.  43. 


^  Jean  Bauhin,  1541.  Caspar  Bauhin,  1560-1624.  Converted  the  chaos 
of  plant  nomenclature  into  order  in  1623.  Goodyer  entered  biographical  notes 
on  Bauhin  on  a  fly-leaf  of  his  Phytopinax. 

2  O.  BiLSON.    See  p.  96. 

3  Lancelot  Browne,  M.D.  Fellow  of  Pembroke  Hall  and  of  the  College 
of  Physicians,  1584  ;  first  physician  to  Queen  Elizabeth.  He  is  quoted  on  the 
subject  of  the  Balsam  tree  by  Gerard,  to  whose  Herbal  1597  he  contributed  a 
eulogistic  epistle.    He  died  in  1605. 

*  James  Cole.    Son-in-law  of  Lobel,  see  p.  247. 
^  Dr.  Dale.   See  p.  294. 


LIBRARY 


20I 


Neander.  67. 
Kyber.  105. 
Caesalpinus.  59. 

Caesalpinus.  59. 
Dioscorides.  5. 
Dodoens.  11. 
Porta.  130. 
Lonicer.  14. 
Monardus.  126. 
Passe.  81. 
Turner.  13. 
Stephanus.  95. 
Cooke.  118. 

Matthiolus.  38.  Renealmus.  14. 
Johnson. 99.  Tabernaemonta- 
nus.  46.    How  MS.  18. 

Dodoens.  97. 


Brunfels.  29. 


Ric.  Dozvnes} 
Joaimes  Freame. 
Ricus  Garth.'^ 

Rob.  Garth,  Juris  Nat.  Consult. 

2^  Martij  i^gS. 
Alexis  Gaicdin. 

Rich.  George,  pharm.  of  Reading. 
JL  Gilbou\rne'\> . 
John  Gooche. 
Jo:  Gceoodier. 
Jo  lies  Goodyer. 

E.  Gray,  *  heboriste  \^ 
Hen.  Harvey  et  amic. 
Tho.  henry. 

W.  Howe. 

R.  Huchenson. 
Susa7i  Ironsmitk. 
Thomas  Johnso7t.^ 
Johan  Jul.  ? 
Bartho:  Kempe. 
G.  Le  Fevre.^ 
Matth.  de  Lobel. ^ 
Alexander  Massa. 
Geo.  Medeleye. 
W.  Motmt? 

Dr.  Martin  Ramerius.^ 

G.  Rondelet. 
Anth.  Rous. 
Antony  Swalms. 

H.  W.  (?  Henry  Wotton,  M.D.^) 
John  Yates,  barber  &  chirurgion. 

^  The  Samuel  Downes,  M.D.,  who  made  the  collection  of  dried  plants 
presented  by  J.  Downes  in  1731  to  Shrewsbury  School,  may  have  been  related 
to  Richard  Downes. 

^  Richard  Garth.   See  p.  237. 

^  E.  Gray,  *  heboriste'.  It  would  be  interesting  if  he  should  turn  out  to  be 
Gray  the  apothecary  (fl.  1570),  who  introduced  Pistacia  officinalis  (Lobel,  Adv. 
413)  and  had  trees  of  Diospyros  Lotus  L.  and  of  Celtis  aiistralis  L.  in  his 
garden  under  London  Wall  {Ger.  1308,  13 10). 

*  Thomas  Johnson.   See  p.  273. 

G.  Le  Fevre.  At  a  later  date  two  of  this  name  appear  on  the  Roll  of  the 
R.  College  of  Physicians.  Sebastian  Le  Fevre,  L.R.C.P.,  1684,  Joshua  Le  Feure, 

F.  R.C.P.,  1687. 

^  Lobel.    See  p.  246.  '  W.  Mount.   See  p.  253. 

*  Martin  Rhamneirus,  M.B.,  a  Spaniard,  a  native  of  Cordova  and 
a  Bachelor  of  Medicine,  was  admitted  a  Licentiate  of  the  R.  College  of 
Physicians,  1584. 

^  Henry  Wotton,  M.D.,  Student  of  Christ  Church  and  Fellow  of  Corpus 
Christi  College,  Oxford,  F.R.C.P.,  1571-2. 


Matthiolus.  32. 
Johnson.  105. 
Fuchs.  35. 
Dodoens.  12. 
Hess.  ICQ. 
Lobel.  17. 
Fuchs.  112. 
Dorsten.  9. 
Lobel.  79. 
Lobel.  17. 
MS.  13. 
Soranus.  6. 
Fuchs.  8. 
Ruellius.  34. 
Dodoens.  10. 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Persons  from  whom  Books  were  Acquired. 


Vendor. 
Dr.  Dale 

Humphrey  Robinso7t^  \  ^  ^/'^^^!f^  Mychell 
Bernard  Robinson      I  ^"'"^  ^y""""^' 
John  Martin 
Octavian  Pulleyn  ^ 
William  Wells 
Mr.  Allestre 


Carrier. 
Eliz.  Heath 


Donor. 
Richard  Downes 


Dr.  William  How 
Perhaps  a  vendor 

Thomas  Johnson 


Na77ie  of  work. 
Hernandez.  26. 

Bauhin,  Hist.  PL  43-45. 

Bauhin,  Theatr.  52. 
Tabernaemontanus,  46-47. 
Matthiolus.  38. 
Renealmus.  68. 


Neander.  67. 

I Renealmus.  68. 
Tabernaemontanus.  46-47. 
Matthiolus.  38. 
How  &  Lobel.  72. 
How,  Phyt.  MS.  18. 
Johnson,  99. 
Mercurius.  105. 


Books  CoNTAiNirNTo  Goodyer's  Notes. 
Goodyer  wrote  notes  in  almost  all  the  books  with  which  he 
worked.    Chief  of  these  were 

Tabernaemontanus,  Eicones,  1590. 
[Lobel],  Icones,  1591. 
Bauhin,  Phytopinax,  1596. 
And  doubtless  his  copy  of  Gerard's  Herbal.^  ^597,  was  similarly 
annotated  and  corrected,  but  it  is  unfortunately  no  longer  in  the 
Library.^    He  numbered  the  pages  or  chapters  of 

Bauhin,  Hist,  plantarum,  1650.    G.  numbered  6524  columns. 
Besler,  Hort.  Eystettensis,  1613.    To  p.  '854'. 

„     Fasc.  rariorum,  1616. 
Clusius,  Exotica,  1605. 
Dioscorides,  1499. 
Theophrastus,  1497. 
He  numbered  or  named  plants  described  or  figured  in 
Bauhin,  Animadversiones,  1601. 

^  Humphrey  Robynson  of  London  appears  in  a  book  of  Richard  Napier's 
astrological  practice  in  1606.    MS.  Ashmole  181. 

^  Octavian  Pulleyn  described  himself  as  inercator  libroriim  Italicoriijn 
in  an  inscription  inside  the  cover  of  a  book  (Tower  F.  l)  given  by  Sam.  Lee  to 
the  Wadham  library.  An  Octavius  Pullin  (?  the  same  man)  had  been  a  student 
at  Padua  in  1638-9  (Andrich,  Be  Natione  Ajtglzca,  Pataviis  1892).    See  p.  294. 

^  I  shall  be  most  grateful  for  any  information  which  will  enable  me  to  trace 
the  whereabouts  of  the  lost  volume.  It  should  be  readily  recognizable  by 
Goodyer's  notes. 


LIBRARY 


203 


Johnson,  Iter,  1629.  de  Passe,  Hort.  Horidus,  1615. 

„       Mercurius,  1634.  Thalius,  Sylva  Hercynia,  1588. 

1641.  Tragus,  1552. 

Goodyer  was  an  indefatigable  indexer.  In  some  cases,  in  which 
several  works  are  bound  up  together  in  the  same  cover,  he  not  only- 
corrected  the  pagination  of  the  separate  works,  but  carried  the 
page-numbers  right  on.  He  made  indexes  to  the  combined  works 
of  Turner  (No.  13),  to  de  Bry's  Anthologia^  1626,  and  to  Clusius, 
Rariorum  Plantarum  (MS.  8.  iii).  His  index  to  Gerard's  Herbal 
(1597)  is  in  a  small  8vo  parchment -bound  volume  (MS.  16).  The 
manuscript  indexes  to  the  following  works  are  bound  with  MS.  11. 
Johnson,  Mercurii  i  and  2,  MS.  11,  ff.  29-32. 
How,  Phytologia,  MS.  11,  fif.  33-7. 

Catalogue  of  the  Goodyer  Library. 

The  notes  quoted  in  small  type  are  mostly  in  Goodyer's  hand. 

Albucasis. 

6      Libri  tres  Chirurgicorum.  fol.  Argent.  Schott  1532 

Bound  with  Horatianus. 

Alpinus,  Prosper. 
^     j  De  plantis  Aegypti.    ^  ^ 
^    i  De  balsamo  dialogus.  ^'  ^^^'^ 

With  notes  to  plates. 
62      De  plantis  exoticis,  libri  duo ;  ed.  ab  Alp.  Alpino  auctoris 
fil.  4.  Ven.  1627 

With  G.'s  references  to  Parkinson. 
92     De  rhapontico  disputatio.  4.  Patav.  1612 

*  Bauhinus  transmisit  nova  Pipera  Indicam — Pinax  103  (a  7).' 

Amatus,  Lusitanus. 
82     In  Dioscoridis  .  .  .  de  Materia  Medica.  8.  Lugd.  1 558 

'7  Septemb.  1654— 5s.' 

Apuleius,  Lucius. 
86     De  medicaminibus  herbarum,  lib.  i.    Edited  with  a  com- 
mentary by  Gabriel  Humelberg.  4.  Isinae  1 537 
De  herbarum  virtutibus  historia ;  at  end  of  SORANUS,  q.v. 

[fol.  Basil.  1528] 

Aristotle. 

2      Problemata,  Mechanica,  Metaphysica.  fol.  Aid.  1497 

Bound  with  Theophrastus,  De  historia  plantarum. 
138      Historia  animalium  etc.  8vo.  Lugd.  1552 

Alexander  Aphrodisiensis. 
2     Problemata.  fol.  Aid.  1497 

Bound  with  Theophrastus,  De  historia  plantarum. 


204 


JOHN  GOODYER 


85 


Bauhinus,  Caspar. 

55  ^vTOTTiva^,  seu  Enumeratio  plantarum  ab  herbariis  nostro 

saccule  descriptarum  cum  earum  differentiis  etc.  et  cum 
iconibus  ;  [libri  octo].  4,  Basil.  1 596 

'28  ffeb  1616— 3«  6^.' 

Numerous  notes  by  G.,  including  notes  on  Bauhin's  life. 
/  Animadversiones  in  historiam  generalem  plantarum  Lugduni 
editam.    Catalogus  plantarum  circiter  quadragintarum  eo 
in  opere  bis  terve  positarum.  4.  Francof.  1601 

,De  homine  oratio  in  medicorum  Lycaeo  1614. 

4.  Athen.  Rauracis  [16 14] 

Plants  numbered  by  G. 
IC9      De  remediorum  formulis  Graecis,  Arabibus  et  Latinis  usi- 
tatis.  J  2.  Francof.  1619 

De  corporis  humani  partibus  externis.  12.  Basil.  1588 

69      Ylpobpofxos  theatri  botaniqi.  4.  Francof.  1620 

' 26  Junii  1624— 6^' 

56  ritmf  theatri  botanici ;  sive  index  in  Theophrasti,  Dioscori- 

dis,  Plinii  et  aliorum  qui  de  plantis  scripserunt ;  [libri 
duodecim].  4.  Basil.  1623 

'  Receaved  this  booke  from  bindinge  30  Novemb.  1623.' 
Interleaved.    A  few  notes  on  pp.  2,  52,  96,  last  leaf. 
123      Catalogus  plantarum  circa  Basileam  sponte  nascentium. 

8.  Basil.  1622 

52     Theatri  Botanici,  sive  historiae  plantarum  liber  primus. 

fol.  Basil.  1658 

,         '  10  ffeb.  1653 — iqs  a  Johanne  Martin.'   Marginal  references  by  G. 

Bauhinus,  Joannes. 

J  De  plantis  a  divis  sanctisve  nomen  habentibus.    8.  Basil.  1591 

\  De  plantis  absynthii  nomen  habentibus.  8.  Montis  Belg.  1 593 

^„    f  De  aquis  medicatis  libri  quatuor.  1  .  ^  , 

88   \^  .     ....  ^.        .  4.MontisBelg.i6i2 

i  De  varus  fossilibus,  stirpibus  et  msectis.  )  ^  ^ 

Reference  on  p.  194  by  G. 

71      Historiae  plantarum  generalis  prodromus. 

(With  Cherler,  J.  H.)  4.  Ebrod.  161 9 

Reference  on  p.  71  by  G. 

43-5  Historia  plantarum  universalis,  quam  recensuit  et  auxit  Dom. 

Chabraeus,  juris  publici  fecit  Fr.  Lud.  a  Graffenried. 

3  vols.  fol.  Ebrod.  1 650-1 

*  March  the  15***  165 1 
bought  of  my  Master  Humphrey  Robinson 
the  3  vollumes  of  J.  Bauhinus  which  I  do  warrant 
to  be  pfect  per  me  Bernard  Robinson.' 
Columns  numbered  i  to  2064  and  i  to  2172  and  i  to  2288. 


LIBRARY 


Inscription  by  Goodyer 
1651  22  March 

sent  Dr.  Dale  for  Johes  Bauhins  3  volumes  3^'  2^  6^ 

for  the  postage  to  and  from  Dr.  Dales  010 

to  John  Symonds  to  carry  up  the  money  010 

to  William  Mychell  for  bringing  the  bookes  down  014 

Bayfius,  see  Stephanus,  C. 
Bellonius,  p. 
41  Observationes. 

Translated  &  edited  by  C.  Clusius.         fol.  Plantin,  1605 

Bellus,  Honorius. 
39     Epistolae  de  rarioribus  quibusdam  plantis  agentes.  fol.  i6ot 
(With  Clusius,  No.  39.) 

Besler,  Basil. 

29*    Hortus  Eystettensis.  large  fol.  s.  1.  1613 

Paged  by  G.  to  854.    Plant  names  written  on  some  plates,  e.g.  540. 
80     Fasciculus  rariorum  et  aspectu  dignorum,  varii  generis  etc. 

fol.  Norib.  161 6 

Pages  numbered. 

Blesensis,  see  Brunyer. 

Bock,  H.,  see  Tragus. 

Brasavolus,  Ant.  Musa. 
103      Examen  omnium  simplicium  medicamentorum  ;  with  Aris- 
totle's Problemata  quae  ad  stirpium  genus  et  oleracea 
pertinent.  8.  Lugd.  1537 

86  De  herba  Vetonica  ;  with  a  commentary  by  Gabriel  Hum- 
melberg;  with  L.  Apuleii  libro  De  medicaminibus 
herbarum.  4.  Isin.  1^37 

Two  ff.  of  Latin  MS.  with  marginal  notes.   No  notes  by  G.   A  bill  of 
4  items  on  p.  I  '  Coyse  3^  o^,  Fan  3^  2^,  Apuleius  2^  o^,  Plato     6^ '. 

Breda,  see  Brosterhusius. 

Brosterhusius,  Joh. 
134     Catalogus  plantarum  horti  medici  illustris  scholae  Auriacae, 
quae  est  Bredae.  8.  Bredae,  1647 

Brosse,  Guy  de  la. 
71      Description  du  jardin  royal  des  plantes  medicinales. 

4.  Par.  1636 

108      De  la  nature,  vertu  et  utilite  des  plantes,  divise  en  cinq  livres. 

8.  Par.  1628 

On  back  of  title  '  i^^  o  '. 


2o6 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Browne,  W.,  see  Stephens,  P. 

[Browne,  Sir  T. 

Hydriotaphia.    Missing.  London,  1658] 

Brunfels,  O. 

1^9      Onomasticon  medicinae  continens  omnia  nomina  herbarum. 

fol.  Argent,  ap.  Jo.  Schottum,  1534 
'  20  Nov.  1634  Tho.  Johnson  bought  him  for  3^.' 
Bound  with  Hildegard,  Physicae.    G.  has  added  names  to  the  list 
of  writers  on  fo.  k  iii. 

On  the  title-page  is  an  inscription  in  the  handwriting  that  we  have 
called  that  of  Dr.  Dale,  who  may  have  owned  the  book  after  Johnson's 
death  in  1644. 

7      Herbarium.     Vol.  i.  Herbarium.    2.  Novi  Herbarii,  1536. 
3.  Tomus  Herbarii  HI,  1536.    Appendix,  1539. 

fol.  Argent,  ap.  Jo.  Schottum,  1537 

'  1537  Hen.  28.' 

Brunyer,  Abel. 
20      Hortus  regius  Blesensis.  fol.  Par.  1653 

'  19  Aprill  1655— 3^' 

Bruyerinus,  Joannes. 
124     De  re  cibaria,  lib.  xxii.  8.  Francof.  1600 

Bry,  J.  T.  DE. 

25     Anthologia  Magna.  fol.  Francof.  1626 

MS.  Index  by  G. 

[BUMALDUS,  MONTALBANUS. 

Bibliotheca  Botanica.    Missing,  12  Bononiae,  1657] 

Caesalpinus,  Andreas. 
59      De  plantis,  lib.  16.  4.  Florent.  1583 

'  17  Nov.  1627— 4V 
On  title : — *  Ricus  Garth  praeciij 

Sum  Lanceloti  Brunii  medici  Reginei  ex  dono  amicissimi  viri 
Mri.  Rob.  Garthii  Juris  Nationalis  Consult  25  Martij  1598.' 
2  Titles  of  books  (Durante  &  Rondelet)  noted. 
65      De  metallicis,  lib.  3.  4.  Romae,  1 596 

Ref.  at  end  to  p.  152  'liber  de  questionibus  Peripat.  c.  Magnet'. 
In  binding  is  a  writing  relating  to  —  Scott  of  Sutton,  1608. 

Caesar,  see  Cornarius. 
Calceolarius,  F. 
58      Iter  Baldi.  8.  Francof.  t 586 

With  Matthiolus. 

Camerarius,  Joachimus. 
85      EKAe/cra  yecopytKa,  sive  opuscula  de  re  rustica,  partim  collecta, 
partim  composita  a  J.  Camerario.  4.  Norib.  1577 


LIBRARY 


207 


89      Hortus  medicus  et  philosophicus,  in  quo  plurimarum  stirpium 
breves  descriptiones  etc.  continentur.        4.  PVancof.  1588 
89      Icones  accurate  delineatae  praecipuarum  stirpium,  quarum 
descriptiones  tarn  in  Horto  quam  in  Sylva  Hercynia  suis 
locis  habentur.  4.  Francof.  1588 

References  to  '  Icones 
Kreutterbuch  1590,  sec  Matthiolus,  No.  38. 

[Cato,  M.  Porcius. 

De  re  rustica.    Missing.  12  Col.  1536] 

Probably  disposed  of  as  a  duplicate  of  the  copy  presented  by 
A.  Throkmorton. 

Chemnitz,  Joannes. 

92      Index  plantarum  circa  Brunsvigam  nascentium  :  Appendix 

continens  icones  plantarum.  4.  Brunsvigae,  1652 

Cherlerus,  see  Bauhin,  J. 

Clavenas.  Nicolaus. 

f  Historia  absinthii  umbelliferi.) 
02   i  TT.  ,    .  r  •    1  4- Venet.  1610 

^     1  Histona  scorzonerae  Italici.  ^ 

Clusius,  Carolus. 
07      Historia  rariorum  aliquot  stirpium  per  Hispanias  obser- 
vatarum.  8.  Ant.  1576 

06      Historia  rariorum  aliquot  stirpium  per  Pannoniam,  Austriam 
et  vicinas  quasdam  provincias  observatarum.  8.  Ant.  1583 
Stirpium  nomenclator  Pannonicus  (Beithii).  „  1584 

On  title,  '  huius  libri  pretium — 3^  4^.  De  Brina '.  Name  of  an 
owner  erased.  On  last  p.  '  Costa  soldi  tre,  dico  53  moneta  sterlinga 
1583,  25  Decemb.' 

41  Exoticorum  libri  decern,  quibus  animalium,  plantarum, 
aromatum  aliorumque  peregrinorum  fructuum  historiae 
describuntur ;  item  P.  Bellonii  observationes  C.  Clusio 
interprete.  fol.  Plantin.  1605 

With  a  copy  of  the  Curae  posteriores,  and  Oratio  fiinebris  at  end. 
'  15  ffeb  1616-15^' 

Pages  numbered  by  G.,  beginning  p.  '825  '.    Marginal  references. 
I  Rariorum  plantarum  historia.  j^^j  j()q\ 

t  Funcrorum  in  Pannoniis  observatorum  historia.) 

This  work  has  been  repaged  by  G.,  who  also  compiled  an  index 
to  it.-Goodyer  MS.  8. 
39     Curae  posteriores.  fol.  Plantin,  16 11 

With  G.'s  references  to  Phyto.  and  Pinax. 
'  13  Novemb.  1616.    Cur.  poster.    2^  6<^. 
12  Decemb.  1616  16'.' 
41      Oratio  funebris  in  obitum  C.  Clusii  (by  E.  Vorst). 

fol.  Plantin,  161 1 


208 


JOHN  GOODYER 


CoGHAN,  Thomas. 
132     The  Haven  of  Health,  chiefly  gathered  for  the  comfort  of 
students ;  hereunto  is  added  a   preservation  from  the 
pestilence,  with  a  short  censure  of  a  late  sickness  at 
Oxford.    4*^  edit.  8.  Lond.  1636 

'  16  Decemb.  1657.' 

Coles,  W. 

121  The  art  of  simpling ;  an  introduction  to  the  knowledge  of 
gathering  plants  ;  whereunto  is  added  a  discovery  of  the 
lesser  world.  8.  Lond.  1656 

*  20  Marcij  1655 — 4^^.' 

In  binding  a  fragment  of  deed  mentioning  *  Lady  Jane  late  Queene  ' 
and  *  Lady  Ann  '  at  '  Bower  '. 

CoLLAERT,  Adrian. 
80     Florilegium.  oblong  4*^.  n.  d. 

Columella,  Lucius  J.  M. 
110     De  cultu  hortorum.  12.  Argent.  1530 

COLUMNA,  FaBIUS. 
87      ci>vTo^aaavo9,  sive  plantarum  aliquot  historia ;  accessit  etiam 
piscium  aliquot  historia.  8.  Neap.  1592 

Refs.  to  Pinax. 

( Minus   cognitarum   rariorumque   nostro   coelo  Orientium 
stirpiurn  cKc^pao-c?,  item  de  aquatilibus  aliisque  animalibus 
quibusdum  paucis  libellus.    In  two  parts.     4.  Rom.  16 16 
[  Purpura  ;  et  aliorum  aquatilium  observationes.       „  ,, 

*  13  Octob.  1623 — 16^' 

'Fabius  Columna  was  but  25  yere  old  when  he  sett  forth  his 
Phutobasanos  p.  210  &  he  set  forth  his  P.  ten  yers  before  he  wrote 
this  story,  p.  219.    Diosc.  graecus  codex  MS.  p.  71. 

Johannis  Carbonarius  of  Naples  hath  many  old  Manuscripts  p.  71. 

Johannis  Baptista  Raimundi  idem  p.  72,  142.'    G.'s  notes. 

Contarini,  see  Pona. 
Cooke,  James. 

118  Melleficium  chirurgiae,  or  the  marrow  of  many  good  authors 

on  the  art  of  chyrurgery.  8.  Lond.  1648 

'  5  Aprill  1655— 2^  4'^' 

Name  of  former  owner  *  Tho '  '  Thenry  '  on  front  page. 

'  Frog-spawne  p.431'        1  on  back  cover  in  G.'s  hand. 

'  Lucatellas  Balsam,  p.  467  J 

119  Supplement  to  the  marrow  of  chyrurgerie.      8.  Lond.  1655 

*  I  Junij  1655 — 2^  4'>.' 

'  Swellings  of  the  lunges  228.'    '  Ricketts— 243.' 
[Select  observations  on  English  bodies.    Missing.    8.  1657] 


70 


LIBRARY 


209 


CORDUS,  EURICIUS. 

J 02     Botanologion.  8.  Col.  ap.  J.  Gymnicum  1534 

[CoRDUs,  Valerius. 

Annotationes  in  Pedacii  Dioscoridis  Anazarbei  de  materia 

medica  libros  quinque. 
Historiae  stirpium,  cum  iconibus,  libri  quatuor. 
Sylva  de  fossilibus  in  Germania. 
De  artificiosis  extractionibus. 

Compositiones  aliquot  medicinales  rariores.  fol.  Argent.  1561] 
Missing  :  perhaps  duplicated  by  the  copy  in  the  Gibbarde  Col- 
lection and  sold. 

Cornarius,  J. 

123     Constantini  Caesaris  selectarum  preceptarum  de  agricultura 
libri  viginti,  interprete  Jano  Cornario.  8.  Basil.  1540 

With  marginal  notes  (cut  by  binder)  in  early  hand. 
'  DUUM  em  C.  h.  g.  o'  on  last  p. 
'  the  orderig  of  vynes  //  liber  quint  /  fo.' 

CORNUTUS,  Jacobus. 
61      Canadensium  plantarum  aliorumque  nondum  editarum  his- 
toria  ;  Enchiridion  botanicum  Parisiense.         4  Par.  1635 
Notes  to  figures  :  refs.  to  Parkinson. 

CosTAEUs,  Joannes. 
90     De  universali  stirpium  natura.  Libri  duo.  8.  Aug.  Taur.  1578, 

Crescentius,  p. 
I      De  plantis,  animalibus  et  agricultura.  fol.  Lovan.  1473 

In  contemporary  Oxford  stamped  leather  binding. 
Pagination  added  by  G.    MS.  list  of  ten  goodwives.    See  p.  381. 

Cuba,  Johannes  de. 
9      Hortus  sanitatis  de  animalibus  et  reptilibus,  de  avibus  et 
volatilibus  de  piscibus  et  natatilibus,  de  gemmis  et  in 
venis  terrae  nascentibus. 

fol.  Argent,  p.  Matth,  Apiarium  1536 

With  Dorsten. 

CULPEPER,  NiCH. 

23     The  English  Physician.  fol.  London  1652 

'  19  ffeb.  1651— 5«.' 
'  Vale  et  diu  vive.* 

CURTIUS,  BeNEDICTUS. 
.36      Hortorum,  libri  triginta.  fol.  Lugd.  1560 

'  25  May  1655— 15V 

P 


2IO 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Dalechampius,  Jacobus. 
135-6    Historia  generalis  plantarum.      2  vols.    fol.  Lugd.  1586-7 
The  copy  in  the  Sherardian  Collection  in  the  Botanic  Garden  has 
the  name  of  Goodyer's  great  friend  Williajn  Coys  written  on  the 
title-page. 

DiOSCORIDES,  PeDACIUS. 

4  Opera  Gr.  fol.  Ven.  Aid.  1499  Ed.  pr. 

'15  Junii  1654—88  6^' 

Paged,  and  chapters  numbered. 

5  Opera  trad,  de  lengua  Griega  en  la  vulgar  Castellana  por 

Andres  de  Laguna.^  fol.  Anvers.  1555 

*25  May  1655 — 25^' 

'Alexis  Gaudin'  (owner's  signature  on  title).  Silver  stamp  on 
binding. 

113     De  materia  medica,  ab  Andr.  Matthiolo  emendata. 

12.  Lugd.  1554 

*  Guilielmus  Barlous  Anglus  6^  bats  1 567.' 
Prescription  '  contra  pestem  D.  Cratonis  '  on  last  page. 

83  De  medicinali  materia  Gr.  Lat.    8  libb.  cum  castigationibus. 

8.  Paris  1 549 

Lat.  transl.  by  J.  Ruellius. 

With  Paragraphs  numbered  throughout  and  cross  references  to 
Matthiolus  by  Goodyer. 

|De  simplici  medicina.  )  j  a 

IDe  naturis  et  virtutibus  aquarum.)  ^'  -^51^ 

With  medical  prescriptions  at  end  in  an  old  hand. 

84  De  curationibus  morborum  per  medicamenta  paratu  facilia 

lib.  II.  8.  Argent.  1565 

With  Latin  translation,  partly  by  J.  Moibanus,  partly  by  C.  Gesner. 
'  10  Nov.  1631  — iS"!.' 

A  few  marginal  notes  by  G.,  pp.  258,  593.  At  end  'Antidotus 
Saxonica  830.    Inflatio  stomachi,  533.* 

On  title  initials  of  former  owner  'RS.'  In  binding,  part  of  an 
English  theological  MS.  on  parchment. 

DODOENS,  ReMBERT. 
96      De  Frugum  Historia.  12.  Antv.  1552 

*  30  April  1634 — 4^.' 

*Jacobi  Colei.*    His  marginal  notes  on  p.  14  v.  , 

^  In  the  copy  of  this  work  in  the  Botanical  Department  of  the  British 
Museum  I  found  an  inscription,  presumably  by  the  translator : — 
Doctor  Andreas  Lagouna  hunc  librum  Johanni 
Mutier  amico  suo,  dono  dedit  anno  1557. 


LIBRARY 


211 


10  L'histoire  des  plantes ;  traduite  de  bas  Aleman  en  Fran9ois 

par  Charles  de  TEscluse.  fol.  Anvers.  1 557 

With  G.'s  references  and  many  old  notes.    At  end  *  John  Yates, 

barber  &  chyrurgion  '.    *  hope  helps  hevie  harts.' 
Of  Lentiscus  he  notes : 

*  I  se  thys  tre  at  benys  marks  in  London  at  one  M'.  Hennege  hys 
howse  of  the  previ  chamber  to  quen  elizabeth.'    p.  547. 

'  The  leves  of  saven  mayd  in  powder  &  droken  with  alle  kylleth 
worms  in  the  bellye. 

*  Also  y®  sayd  powder  cast  uppon  warts  in  ye  yard  of  man  kylleth 
ye  warts,  &  if  it  be  swelled  it  wyll  dyssolve  it.*    p.  538. 

11  Herbarius  oft  Cruydt-boeck.  fol.  Antv.  1563 

'30  Apr.  1559 — 38.  Basingstoke.' 

*  Hendrick  Alberts — 1570'  on  last  page. 

*  Richardus  George  pharmacopeus  de  Reading  est  verus  possessor 
huius  libri,  ex  dono  Magistri  Bowden,  Julij  9  die  1619.' 

With  many  MS.  translations  into  English  of  the  Dutch  text,  which 
Mr.  George  evidently  had  difficulty  in  comprehending. 
1%     A  neewe  herball  or  history  of  plantes;  first  set  forth  in  the 
Doutche  or  Almaigne  tongue,  and  nowe  first  translated 
out  of  French  into  English  ;  by  Henry  Lyte. 

fol.  Lond.  Gerard  Dewes,  1578 

*  Bartho:  Kempe.* 

40      Cruydt  boeck,  met  biivoegsels  achten  elck  capittel  .  .  . 

Carolus  Clusius.  fol.  Leyden,  1608 

42     Stirpium  historiae  pemptades  sex,  sive  libri  triginta. 

fol.  Antv.  1 61 6 

'  9  April  1620— 20^    the  carrier  i^.' 
With  a  few  references  to  Phyto.  (p.  125)  by  Goodyer. 
97     Purgantium,  aliarumque  eo  facientium,  turn  et  radicum, 
convoluulorum.  8.  Antv.  157 4 

*  R.  Huchenson.' 

DoNATi,  Antonio. 
92     Trattato  de  semplici,  pietre  et  pesci  marini,  che  nasceno  nel 
lito  di  Venetia.  4.  Venetia  1631 

'iSMaij  i633-4«6d) 
bindinge  l^j 

DORSTENIUS,  ThEODORICUS. 
9     Botanicon,    continens    herbarum    aliquotque  simplicium, 
quorum  usus  in  medicinis  est,  descriptiones  et  iconas  ad 
vivum  effigiatas.         fol.  Franc.  Christ.  Egenolphus  1540 
'30  Apr.  1659 — 48.'    Basingestoke.    Many  old  notes. 
Name  of  earlier  owner  '  George  Medeleye,  vi^  viii'^ '  on  title. 

Durante,  Castor. 
21      Herbario  novo,  con  figure.  fol.  Rom.  1585 

p  2 


212 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Duval,  Guillelmus. 
98     Phytologia ;  sive  philosophia  plantarum.  8.  Par.  1647 

*  7  Septemb  1654.' 

Eder,  Gulielmus. 
110     Synonyma  Plantarum  seu  Simplicium  ut  vocant,  circa  In- 
goldstadium  sponte  nascentium  ...  in  usum  Scholae 
Medicae  Ingolstadiensis  collecta.        12.  Ingolstadii.  161 8 

Egenolph,  C. 

'  Plantarum  arborum  fruticum  et  herbarum  effigies  . . .  Baume, 
Stauden,  Kreuter,  etc.,  cum  Indice  sextuplici. 
87  i  8.  Franc.  C.  Egen.  1562 

Animantium  terrestrium,  volatilium  et  aquatilium  effigies. 
I  19  pp.  8.  Franc.  C.  Egen.  1562 

At  end  is  a  Petition  of  Richard  Chambers  to  ParHament  c.  1644. 

E[velyn],  J. 

24     Sylva,  or  a  Discourse  of  Forest  Trees.  fol.  Lond.  1664 

EVERARTUS,  AEGIDIUS. 
120     Panacea,  or  the  universal  medicine  ;  being  a  discovery  of  the 
wonderful  vertues  of  tobacco  taken  in  a  pipe,  with  its 
operation  and  use  both  in  physick  and  chirurgery ;  transl. 
from  the  Latin  with  an  introductory  epistle :  by  J.  R. 

8.  Lond.  1659 

'2  Dec.  1658— IS  2^: 

Purchased  by  Goodyer  before  publication. 

FERRARIUS,  J.  B. 
74     De  florum  cultura  4  libb,   editio  nova  accurante  Bern. 
Rottendorffio.  4.  Am.st.  1646 

Fiera,  J.  Baptista. 
lie      Coena  de  herbarum  virtutibus,  et  ea  medicae  artis  parte, 
quae  in  victus  ratione  consistit.  12.  Argent.  (1530) 

Old  notes  on  p.  22  and  at  end. 

Fragosus,  Joh. 

95  Aromatum,  fructuum  et  simplicium  aliquot  medicamentorum 
ex  India  utraque  in  Europam  delatorum,  historia  brevis, 
Latine  reddidit  Israel  Spachius.  12.  Argent.  1601 

FUCHS,  Leonhart. 
112     De  historia  stirpium  commentarii,  cum  imaginibus  ad  naturae 
imitationem  effectis.  12.  Lugd.  1555 

'  Alexandri  Massa*  *  47^  6^.'    English  names  of  plants  in  margins. 
35  Ditto.  fol.  Basil.  Isingrin,  1542 

*  Johannis  Jul  .  .  ? '    '  Hen.  8.  34.' 


LIBRARY  ai3 

8     New  Kreiiterbuch.  fol.  Basell.  Isingrin,  1542 

Coloured  copy. 

Imperfect,  title  missing.    Inside  cover  many  verses  and  mottoes 
in  French,  quoted  from  Rombout  Martens  and  others. 
At  end  *  Sum  Antony  Swalms  et  Amicorum 

Gansius,  Joh.  Ludovicus. 
102      Corallorum  historia.  8.  Franc.  1630 

'  Charle  Knolfts '  at  end. 

GESN.ER,  Conrad. 
117      Historia  plantarum  et  vires  ex  Dioscoride,  Paulo  Aegineto, 
Theophrasto,  Plinio  etc.  12.  Par.  Jo.  Roigny  1541 

102  Ditto.  8.  Basil.  Ro.  Wynter  1541 

loi      Apparatus  et  delectus  simplicium  medicamentorum. 

8.  Lugd.  1542 

93     Catalogus  plantarum,  Latine  Graece  Germanice  et  Gallice. 

4.  Tiguri  1542 

In  binding  are  two  copies  of  an  Order  to  Churchwardens  and 
Constables  of  Parishes  to  assess  sum  due  for  relief  of  maimed 
souldiers  of  City  of  London  according  to  Act  of  Parliament  43  Eliz. 
and  to  pay  same  to  W.  Antrobus,  Treasurer,  at  his  house  in  Parish 
of  St.  Gregory,  S.  Pauls  Churchyard. 
Mizaldus  104  contains  a  copy  of  the  same  document. 
109     Epistolae  aliquot  a  C.  Bauhino  editae.  8.  Basil.  1591 

Praefatio  de  rei  herb,  scriptores  : 

Preface  to  Tragus,  de  Stirpiu?n,  q.  v. 

Gerard,  John. 

[Herbal.    Missing.  fol.  Lond.  1597] 

50     The  herball,  or  general  historie  of  plants ;  very  much  en- 
larged and  amended  by  Thos.  Johnson.      fol.  Lond.  1633 

no  GUEROALDUS,  GuiLLERMUS,  see  MaCER. 
GUILANDINUS,  MELCHIOR 

Theon,  seu  apologiae  adversus  Pet.  Andream 

Matthaeolum. 
De  Stirpibus  aliquot  epistolae  quinque;  item 

descriptio  manuco-diattae,  seu  aviculae  Dei.  ^ 
Commentarius  in  C.  Plinii  Majoris  capita  aliquot. 

3rd  edit.       4.  Lausaniae  1576 
*25  Maij  1655,  vnbound     4^  6^]    ^  , 
28  Junij  1655,  the  bindinge     2^)  ^ 
122     Papyrus,  hoc  est  commentarius  in  tria  C.  Plinii  majoris  de 
papyrocapita,  recensente  Henrico  Salmuth. 

12.  Ambergae  1613 


91 


«-4.  Patav.  1558 


214 


JOHN  GOODYER 


75  Herbarius  in  Latino  cum  figuris.  4.  s.  1.  et  a, 

[?  1485] 

In  original  binding.    English  plant-names  written  in. 

Hernandez,  Franciscus. 
26  Nova  plantarum,  animalium  et  mineralium  Mexicanorum 
historia ;  in  volumen  digesta  per  N.  Ant.  Recchum,  cum 
iconibus ;  et  cum  notis  et  additt.  J.  Terentii,  J.  Fabri.  et 
Fab.  Columnae,  cumque  aliquot  tabulis  phytosophicis 
principis  Federici  Caesii.  fol.  Romae  1651 

*i  Decemb.  1652  iH  14" 

to  a  porter  for  carriage  to  Dr.  Dale  o  00 

1 1  Decemb.  portage  downe  in  Mris  Elz.  Heathes  Trunck  0/ 

In  another  hand: 
*  D.  Daile  in  Longe  Aker  over  agst  ye  freinte  ordinary.' 

Hess,  Paul. 

ICQ     Defensio  xx  Problematum  Melchioris  Guilandini  adversus 
quae  Petr.  Andreas  Mattheolus  ex  centum  scripsit. 

'G.  Le  Fevre.'  12.  Patav.  1562 

Hesychius. 

3     Dictionarium.  fol.  Hagenoae  1521 

HiLDEGARD. 

29     Physicae.  fol.  Argent.  1533 

Bound  with  Brunfels,  Onomasiicon,  q.v.,  and  therefore  presumably 
one  of  T.  Johnson's  books. 

HoRSTius,  Jacobus. 

Herbarium  Horstianum,  seu  de  selectis  ^ 
plantis  et  radicibus,  duobus  libris  edente 
Greg.  Horstio. 

94  -/  Opusculum  de  vite  vinifera  ejusque  parti-  )■  8.  Marpurg  1630 
bus. 

Appendix  cultori  plantarum  exoticarum 
necessaria. 

HORTO,  Garcia  ab.  {G.  del  Huerto) 
128      Aromatum,  et  simplicium  aliquot  medicamentorum  apud 
Indos  nascentium  historia  ;  ex  lingua  Lusitanica  cum  notis 
per  Car.  Clusium.  8.  Antw.  1574 

[How,  W.] 
MS.  18  Phytologia  Britannica. 

*  Rec.  30  Apr.  1659.' 

The  Author's  interleaved  copy  with  many  notes  by  himself  and  by 
G.   This  work  is  described  in  detail  on  pp.  276-294. 


LIBRARY 


Johnson,  Thomas. 
92      Iter  plantarum  investigationis  ergo  susceptum  a  decern  sociis 
in  agrum  Cantianum  A.D.  1629.   Ericetum  Hamstedianum. 

4.  s.  1.  (1629) 

With  list  of  plants  added  by  Goodyer. 
99     Descriptio  Itineris  plantarum  investigationis  ergo  suscepti 
a  decern  sociis  in  agrum  Cantianum  A.D.  1632.  Ericetum 
Hamstedianum,  sive  plantarum  ibi  crescentium  observatio 
habita.  i2.  s.  1.  1632 

The  author's  own  copy  with  his  MS.  index  and  additional  notes  by 
How,  MS.  19.    See  pp.  232  and  277. 
50     The  Herball  of  Gerard  '  very  much  enlarged  and  amended  '. 

fol.  Lond.  1633 

{Mercurius  botanicus.  )  o  t      1  ^ 

'  8.  Lond.  1634 
De  thermis  Bathonicis  tractatus.  j 

*28  Octob.  1634. 

Ex  dono  Thomae  Johnson.'  -G. 

Plant  names  picked  out  with  yellow  colour. 

95      Mercurii  Botanici,  pars  altera.  12.  Lond.  1641 

*  27  Aprilis  1641.' 

With  G.'s  notes.    Several  plant  names  picked  out  in  colour. 

JouBERT,  Laurent. 

IMedicinae  practicae  priores  libri  tres,  edit.  \ 
tertia.  I  8.  Lugd.  1577 

Isagoge  therapeutices  methodi.  j 
'  F  Bust  1577*^  ptium  iijs  vid.' 

Kyberus,  David. 
105       Lexicon  rei  herbariae  trilingue.  8.  Argent.  1553 

With  C.  Gesner's  Tabulae  at  end. 
'  Joannis  Freame  est  verus  possessor  huius  libri.' 
Notes  in  his  hand  (?)  on  pp.  302,  303. 

Langham,  William. 
76     The  garden  of  health  ;  2nd  edit.  4.  Lond.  1633 

'  16  Decemb.  1657  pretiu  4«  2^.' 

Laurenbergius,  Petrus. 
63     Horticultura,  duobus  libris.  4.  Franc,  ad  Moen.  1654 

Apparatus  plantarius  primus,  duobus  libris,  i.  De  plantis 
bulbosis  ;  ii.  De  plantis  tuberosis.   4.  Franc,  ad  Moen.  1654 
'  7  September  1654— 7«  6^.' 

End  papers  cut  from  a  deed  mentioning  John  Smith,  Thomas 
Marshall,  and  Thomas  Read  of  Parish  of  St.  Mary  Hill. 
Signature  of  Ja.  Ireland. 

Lemnius,  Levinus. 
129     De  plantis  sacris.    See  Vallesius.  8  Lugd.  1652 


2l6 


JOHN  GOODYER 


i8  ■{ 


Leonicenus,  NIC. 
86     De  Plinii  et  aliorum  in  medicina  erroribus  liber ;  accedunt 
de  herbis  et  fruticibus,  animalibus,  metallis,  serpentibus, 
tiro  seu  vipera.  4.  Basil.  H.  Petrus  1529 

Lerius,  Joan. 

125     Historia  navigationis  in  Brasiliam,  quae  et  America  dicitur. 

8.  Genev.  1586 

In  original  vellum  binding,  with  title  on  back  of  binding  in 
Goodyer's  hand. 

LoBEL,  Matthias  de. 
17      Plantarum  seu  stirpium  historia:  cui  annexum  est  adversa- 
riorum  volumen  per  M.  de  L.  et  P.  Penam. 

fol.  Antv.  1 576 

'  D.  Doct.  Martino  Ramerio  veteris  amicitiae  et  perpetuae  memoriae 
ergo  d.  dedit  Matth.  de  Lobel  Insulanus.*    On  title. 
Ditto — with  Animadversiones  in  G.  Rondeletii  methodicam 
pharmaceuticam  officinam.  fol.  Lond.  1605 

Balsami,  opobalsami,  carpobalsami  et  xylobalsami  cum  suo 
cortice  explanatio. 
'  10  Marcij  1616  Adversa.  2^^  pars— 4^ 
12  Mar.  1 616  Adversar.      pars — 4^  ■  9^  6'^' 

17  Mar.  1616  the  binedinge  them  together — V  6^ 
19      Kruydtboeck,  oft  beshrijuinghe  van  allerleye  ghewassen, 
kruyderen,  hesteren  ende  gheboomten. 

fol.  Antv.  Plantin.  1581 

*3o  Oct.  1623— 6^' 
79      Plantarum  seu  Stirpium  Icones.    2  vols. 

Obi.  4.  Antv.  Plantin.  1581 
Purchased  by  Gulielmus  Mowntius  (=  William  Mount)  for  9^  on 
May  20,  1582,  and  inscribed  with  numerous  notes  in  his  hand.  The 
binding  bears  his  stamp  'W.  M.'.    It  was  acquired  by  Goodyer 
before  1633,  probably  long  before. 

A  few  notes  in  another  hand  are  extracts  from  W.  Bullein's  Bi^l- 
ivarke  of  Defence  agamst  all  Sicknesse,  1562. 
78      Icones  stirpium  seu  Plantarum  tam  exoticarum  quam  indi- 
genarum.    In  2  parts,  with  an  index. 

Obi.  4.  Antv.  Plantin.  1591 
With  full  notes  in  Goodyer's  hand,  including  transcripts  of  Mount's 
notes  in  the  1581  edition  (No.  79).  On  p.  647  Goodyer  noted  that 
'Potatoes'  =  Batata  Hispanorum,  Camotes  sive  Amotes  et  Iguanes. 
He  acquired  this  volume  before  1633. 
72  Stirpium  illustrationes,  plurimas  elaborantes  inauditas  plantas 
subreptitiis  Joh.  Parkinsoni  rapsodiis  sparsim  gravatae ;  ejus- 
dem  adjecta  sunt  ad  calcem  Theatri  botanici  dfiaprrj/xaTa; 
accurante  Guil.  How.  4.  Lond.  1655 

'  Rec.  19  ffebruarij — 1654.' 


LIBRARY 


217 


LoNiTZER,  Adam. 

14  Naturalis  historiae  opus  novum  ;  2  volL     fol.  Francof.  1551 

*Joh.  Gooche.' 

15  Kreuterbuch.  fol.  Francof.  1557 

Title  missing. 
*Rec.  16  Apr.  1654.' 

16  Kreuterbuch  der  baume,  stauden,  hecken,  krauter,  etc.  ;  item 

von  den  furnembsten  gethieren  der  erden,  vogeln,  fischen 
und  gewiirm ;  deszgleichen  von  metallen,  ertze,  edelge- 
steinen  ;  corrigirt  und  verbessert  durch  Pet.  Uffenbachium. 

fol.  Franc.  1630 

'25  Maij  1655  in  quires      12^   )      g  , 
28  Junij  1655  the  bindinge  3^4^f       ^  ' 

LovELL,  Robert. 
115     A  compleat  history  of  animals  and  minerals.     8.  Oxf.  1661 
'21  March  1660—6^.' 
[A  compleat  Herball.]  Missing. 

Probably  replaced  by  the  2nd  edit.,  1665,  pres.  by  Ernes. 

LuLLY,  Raymond. 
Id      Secreta  secretorum  in  libros  tres  divisa.      12"^^.  Colon.  1592 

Lyte,  Henry.    See  Dodoens. 

Macer,  Floridus. 
no      De  herbarum  viribus  ;  cum  commentt.  Guillermi  Gueroaldi. 

12.  [Franc.  1540] 

96      De  herbarum  viribus  ;  cum  schol.  G.  Pictorii.    12.  Basil.  1559 

Manelphus,  Joannes. 
96      De  helleboro  disceptatio.  8.  Rom.  1622 

Maranta,  Bartholomaeus. 
85      Methodi  cognoscendorum  simplicium  libri  tres.  4.  Ven.  1559 

Marcgravius,  Geo.  de  Liebstadt. 
53      Tractatus  topographicus  et  meteorologicis  Brasiliae  cum 
eclipsi  solari.  fol.  Lugd.  1648 

With  W«i  Piso,  Hist.  Nat.  Brasiliae. 

Maronea,  Nicolaus. 
65      Commentarius  in  tractatus  Dioscoridis  et  Plinii,  de  Amomo. 

4.  Basil.  1608 

64     Descrittione  dell'  Amomo  indiano;   trad,  dal  Latino  da 
Francesco  Pona.  4.  Venet.  161 7 


2l8 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Matthiolus,  Petrus  Andreas. 

32  Commentarii  aucti  in  libros  sex  Pedacii  Dioscorides  de 

materia  medica,  adjectis  quam  plurimis   plantarum  et 
animalium  imaginibus. 
De  ratione  distillandi  aquas.  fol.  Venet.  1 583 

'1  Octob.  1632— 20S.' 
Note  on  Sig.  b.  2.    "  A  harde  kernel  or  impostumi  in  ye  bodye." 
At  end  (erased).'  ...  In  yeare  .  .  .  lord  1624. 

7*^  of  June,  be  my  munday 
cost  of  this  booke  4^ .  . , 
two  month  after  .  .  . 
Susan  Ironsmith. 

31  Les  Commentaires  de  M.  Pierre  Andr^  Matthioli,  sur  les 
six  livres  des  Simples  de  P.  Dioscorides ;  trad,  de  Latin 
en  Francoys.    Edit.  2.  ^  fol.  Lyon  1566 

'Rec.  30  Marcij  1654.' 
Figs,  crudely  coloured. 
137     Compendium  de  Plantis  omnibus.    With  Calceolarius,  F. 

Iter  Baldi  montis.  8vo.  Venet.  157 1 

*  10  Octob.  1632—48.' 

This  volume  was  sold  out  of  the  Library  about  1745  by  the 
Librarian  T.  W.[est],  whose  note  to  that  effect  is  written  below  the 
College  book-plate  on  the  back  of  the  title.  As  these  pages  were  in 
process  of  being  made  up,  the  owner  of  the  volume,  Mr.  Gilbert  R. 
Redgrave,  spontaneously  wrote  to  inform  me  that  it  was  in  his 
possession.  He  has  since  generously  restored  it  to  the  College  to 
be  once  again  placed  among  Goodyer's  book's,  after  an  absence  of 
a  century  and  three-quarters. 

33  Opera  quae  extant  omnia,  ed.  Caspar  Bauhino.  fol.  Basil.  1598 

*  31  Januarij  1615 — 20^.* 

Goodyer's  marginal  references  throughout,  and  notes  on  end  papers. 
Defensio :  see  Hessus. 
38      Kreutterbuch  verfertigt  durch  Joach.  Camerarium. 

fol.  Franc.  1590 

Figures  coloured. 

*  Aprill  ye  4*^  1655. 
Sold  then  to  Dr.  How  this  Mathiolus  in  Dutch  and  colored  for  w*^** 
I  have  twentie  five  shillings  per  me  William  Wells  at  the  Princes 
Armes  in  Little  Brittaine  Bookseller. 

William  Wells. 
Aloyis:  Mundillu:  8<^:  0:1:6 
Fragosa  in  Span:  0:0:6 
Camerarius  in  marantham  0:1:0 
Ye  Camer:  wanting  the  title  and  Fragosa  the  last  page  in  ye 
Index,  if  they  displease,  you  may  returne  per  next.' 
58      Epitome  utilissima  de  plantis  .  .  .  aucta  ...  a  Joach.  Came- 
rario.  4.  Franc.  1586 

Perhaps  Goodyer's  first  botany  book.  The  marginal  headings 
and  English  names  may  have  been  added  by  him  as  a  boy- 


LIBRARY 


219 


MizALDUS,  Ant. 

Historia  hortensium  quatuor  opusculis  contexta  ;  i.  Hortorum 
curam  ornatum  et  sccreta  ostendit ;  ii.  insitionum  artes 
proponit ;  iii.  auxiliares  et  mcdicas  hortensium  utilitates 
percurrit ;  iv.  medicamentorum  hortensium  olerum,  radi- 
cum  et  artificia  explicat. 
104  J  Opuscukim  de  sena. 

De  hominis  symmetria,  proportione,  et  commensuratione. 
An  caseus  edendo  sit  salubris.  12.  Col.  Agr.  1576 

Alexikepus  seu  auxiliaris  et  hortus  medicus. 
Artificiosa  methodus  comparandorum  hortensium  fructuum, 
etc.  12.  Col.  1579 

In  binding  are  two  copies  of  the  *  Order '  described  under  Gesner 
93,  which  must  have  been  bound  at  the  same  time  as  this  volume, 
which  also  contains  a  Churchwarden's  Receipt  for  maimed  soldiers. 

MONARDUS,  NiCOLAUS. 

128  De  simplicibus  medicamentis  ex  occidentali  India  delatis, 
quorum  in  medicina  usus  est,  interpr.  Car.  Clusio. 

8.  Antv.  1574 

126  Joyfull  newes  out  of  the  newe  founde  worlde,  wherein  is 
declared  the  rare  and  singular  vertues  of  diuerse  and  sundrie 
hearbes,  trees,  oyles  etc.    Englished  by  lohn  Frampton. 

4.  Lond.  E  Allde  1596 

*  Jo:  Gaeoodier '  on  title. 

With  a  MS.  index  of  fruits,  &c. 


41 


I  De  lapide  Bezaar  et  herba  Scorzonera. 
[  De  ferro  dialogus. 


at  end  of  Clusius, 
Exotica,  q.v. 


MONTANUS,  PETRUS. 

J 10     De  Morborum  generibus,  ex  satyra  imprecatoria.    At  end 
of  Columella  de  cultu  hortorum,  q.v.  12°'°.  n.  d. 

MOSCARDO,  LODOVICO. 

27      Note  overo  memorie  del  museo  di  Ludovico  Moscardo. 

fol.  Padoa  1656 

*  15  Julij  1657— iqs.' 

MuFFET,  Thomas. 
133     Health's  improvement  ;  or  rules  comprizing  and  discovering 
the  nature,  method  and  manner  of  preparing  all  sorts  of 
food  used  in  this  nation  ;  enlarged  by  Christopher  Bennett. 

4.  Lond.  1655. 

'  10  May  1655—38  6^.' 

'John  Mouffetts  elder  brother  of  Aldham  hall  in  Essex.' 


220 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Mulberry  Trees. 
92  Instructions  for  the  increasing  of  Mulberie-trees,  and  the 
breeding  of  Silke-wormes,  for  the  making  of  Silke  in  this 
kingdome  ;  Whereunto  is  annexed  his  Majesties  letters  to 
the  Lords  Liefetenants  of  the  seuerall  Shieres  of  England 
tending  to  that  purpose.  4.  Lond.  1609 

MuSA.    See  Brasavolus. 

Myrepsus,  Nicolaus,  Propositus.  4.  Lugd.  1512 

73      Dispensatorium  ad  aromatorios. 
'  20  Maij  1639 — 23.' 

On  title  *  Richard  Hamon  de  London  ge  Will'"  Bosone  sc  psn  * 
'maste  Hamond  prey  Hyll  mr.  chr.' 
Gerrad's  Herball.  Henry  Jones,  price  iiijs. 

Jos.  Quercitanus.    [Author  of  Diaeteticon,  Paris,  1606.] 

Oratio  Salamonis  fol  xl.    W™  Bofn '  (?=  Bosum  =  Bossom). 

Neander,  Johann. 
67     Tobacologia.  8.  Lugd.  1626 

Richard  Downes  1658.' 

'  II  Mar.  1658  Liber  Johis  Goodyer  ex  dono  D.  Rici  Downes.' 
'  Si  fa  zara  su'l  Dado    Henry  Blount.' 
'Liber  Rici:  Downes  ;  ex  dono  D.  Henrici  Blount.' 
A  Richard  Downes  was  Vicar  of  East  Meon  and  Steep  in  168 1. 

NiCANDER. 

4     Theriaca.  fol.  Ven.  1499 

Bound  with  DiOSCORIDES,  1499,  q.v. 

Odonus,  Caesar. 
85     Theophrasti  sparse  de  plantis  sententiae  in  continuatam 
seriem  ad  propria  capita  revocatae,  nominaque  secundum 
literarum  ordinem  disposita.  4.  Bonon.  1561 

'  vide  Vanderlinden  p.  108.'  G. 

Olhafius,  Nicolaus. 
92     Elenchus  plantarum  circa  nobile  Borussorum  Dantiscum  sua 
sponte  nascentium.  4.  Dantisci  1643 

[Paaw,  Petrus.  [8  Lugd.  1601] 

Hortus  publicus  Academiae  Lugduno-Batavae.  Missing, 

[Parey,  Ambrose.  Chirurgery.] 

This  work  was  bequeathed  by  Goodyer  to  John  Westbrook,  a 
witness  to  his  will. 

Parkinson,  John. 
22      Paradisi  in  sole  paradisus  terrestris  ;  or  a  choice  garden  of 
all  sorts  of  pleasant  flowers.  fol.  Lond.  1629 

With  notes  for  the  Theatrum,  1640. 


LIBRARY 


221 


51      Theatrum  botanicum,  the  theater  of  plantes;  or,  an  universall 
and  compleate  herball.  fol.  Lond.  1640 

inquires  36M 
The  bindinge  3«  f  ' 

In  many  places,  Goodyer  has  indicated  the  species  described  by 
numbers  in  the  margin,  and  has  marked  with  a  '  those  which  the 
author  claims  as  '  not  having  been  remembered  by  any  other  (author) 
before '.  The  chapter  on  The  Elme  (p.  1403)  is  marked  '  JG 
probably  to  note  that  it  is  based  on  a  description  by  Goodyer,  and 
other  passages  in  which  the  second  edition  of  Gerard  is  quoted  are 
indicated  by  the  marginal  note  '  7y*  for  Thomas  Johnson,  the 
'corrigider'  as  Parkinson  styles  him  of  Gerard. 

There  are  a  few  notes  in  the  hand  which  we  have  referred  to 
Dr.  J.  Dale. 

At  end  is  part  of  an  account,  dated  1572,  relating  to  public  preachers 
attached  to  the  parish  of  S.  Martin  in  Leicester.  Among  the  names 
mentioned  are  Thomas  Furner,  a  benefactor  ;  the  mayors  Richard 
Davy,  Richard  Darker,  John  Eyrick  (a  kinsman  of  Herrick,  the  poet) ; 
the  preachers  Th.  Sparke,  Fellow,  and  L.  Humphrey,  President  of 
Magdalen,  and  T.  Sampson,  Dean  of  Christ  Church. 

Passe,  Crispian  de.  [Obi.  4.  Utrecht  1615 

81      Hortus  Floridus,  or  A  Garden  of  Flowers.    In  two  parts. 

'  10  Novemb.  1627  10/-  Johes.  Goodyer.'  Figures  numbered  by  G. 

Payne,  John. 

80     Flowers,  Fruicts,  Beastes,  Birds  and  Flies  exactly  drawne. 
With  their  true  colours  lively  described.  [28  plates.] 
Sold  by  Compton  Halland  over  against  the  Exchange. 

Obi.  4.  \^c,  1620] 

Pemell,  Rob. 

131    A  treatise  of  the  nature  and  qualities  of  such  simples  as  are 
most  frequently  used  in  medicines.  4.  Lond.  1652 

*  15  July  1652 — 3^  6'^.'    *  Cambogia.  Kap.  35.    Yealowe  Jaundice.' 
The  second  part  of  the  treatise  on  Simples.     4.  Lond.  1653 
92     A  treatise  of  the  diseases  of  children.  4.  Lond.  1653 

Philoponus,  Joannes,  Grammaticus. 
3      Commentaria  in  Aristotelis  libros  de  anima.    fol.  Ven.  1535 
PiCTORIUS,  GeORGIUS. 
96     Scholia  to  ^milius  Macer  de  herbarum  viribus. 

Carmen  de  quadam  herba  exotica  cuius  nomen  mulier  est 
amara.  12.  Basil.  1559 

PiLLETERIUS,  CASPAR. 
114     Plantarum  tum  patriarum  tum  exoticarum  in  Walachria, 
Zeelandiae  insula,  nascentium  synonymia.    12.  Mid.  1610 
PiSO,  GuL. 

53      De  Medicina  Brasiliensi.    '  iH  2^:  fol.  Lugd.  1648 


222 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Plat,  Hugh. 

134     Floraes  Paradise.  12.  Lond.  1608 

*  13  Nov.  1632— 6<i.' 

Platearius. 

73     De  simplici  medicina.  4.  Lugd.  151a 

PONA,  Jo. 

39     Plantae  seu  simplicia,  ut  vocant,  in  Baldo  monte,  et  in  via 
ab  Verona  ad  Baldum  reperiuntur.  fol.  Ant.  1601 

With  Clusius,  Rarwrum,  1601. 
65   edit,  secunda.  4.  Basil.  i5o8 

With  notes  to  Pznax,  pp.  87,  89. 

Part  of  deed  dated  1608  bearing  name  *  Sutton'  in  binding. 
64     Monte  Baldo  descritto  da  Giov.  Pona,  trad,  dal  Latino  per 
Fr.  Pona.  4.  Ven.  161 7 

'  18  April  1629 — 9^'    Notes  and  references  to  Pinax. 

Porta,  Jo.  Baptista. 
130     Phytognomonica,  octo  libris  contenta.  8.  Franc.  1608 

'J.  L.  GiIbou[rne].' 

60     Villae.  4.  Franc.  1592 

*  Pret  vj^'    Notes,  but  not  by  G. 

Propositi  Dispensarium,  se^  Myrepsus. 
Ray,  John. 

98      Catalogus  Plantarum  circa  Cantabrigiam  nascentium.  1657 
Index  Plantarum  agri  Cantabrigiensis.  12.  Cant.  1660 

Appendix  ad  Catalogum   Plantarum  circa  Cantabrigiam 
nascentium.  12.  Cant.  1662 

*  10  May  1660 — 29  6^: 

'written  (Mr.  John  Nid,  who  is  dead 
by        1  Mr.  John  Wray  of  Trinitie  Colledge  in  Cambridge. 

*  Receaved  this  instruction  of  Mr.  John  Mapletoft,  tutor  to  the 
Earle  of  Northumberlans  son  and  of  Mr.  John  Snagge  an  Apothecarie 
of  Petworth  23  July  1659. 

Mr.  John  Nid 
Mr.  John  Wray 
Mr.  Thomas  Pockley 
Francis  Willuby  Esq. 
Mr.  Peter  Curthop 
All  of  Trinitie  Colledge  in  Cambridge. 

Francis  Willughby  Esq.  of  Midleton  neare  Coleshill  in  Warwick- 
shire, S^  Francis  Willughby's  son. 

Mr.  Peter  Courthop  of  Danny  in  Sussex  on  this  side  Lewes. 

Mr.  Tho.  Thornton,  parson  of  Sutton  ats  Sulton  in  Sussex  in 
Arundel  Rape,  borne  at  Bentham  in  Yorkshire,  2  miles  from 
Yngleborowe  hill,  15  Apr.  1663  promised  Cloudberry.' 


LIBRARY 


<>..^op  ^T!iaKny  mg^^ 


10  .^^o  ^Qu^^^ 


Goodyer's  Notes  in  No.  98. 


224 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Renealmus,  Paulus. 

(specimen  historiae  plantarum  cum  iconibus.      4.  Par.  161 1 
Crambe,  viola,  lilium  a  J.  A.  Thuano  versibus  illustrata  a 
P.  Renealmo  edita.  4.  Par.  161 1 

'II  Augustj  1653 — 6^.' 

'  Dr.  William  Howe  bought  him  of  Mr.  Allestre  in  Pauls 
Churchyard.' 

RuAEUS,  Laurentius. 
6     Hippiatria  sive  Marescalia.  fol.  Paris  1531 

With  MS.  notes  in  an  early  hand  on  pp.  136,  139  and  at  end. 

An  early  prescription  on  the  first  of  12  blank  pp.  at  end. 
*ffor  the  bargett 

R.  ffengreke  black  ornamet.  long  pep  :  annyse  seed.  rew.  ros- 
mary.  sage,  sethe  al  y^®  to  gether  w*^  vergys.  &  iij  or  iiij  heads  of 
garlek  &  put  it  to  y«  herbs  &  when  al  the  herbes  ar  sodyn  then 
put  to  y®  juse  of  ye  same  for  every  oon  ij  eggs  shells  &  all.  When 
ye  have  geven  y®  best  drynk,  dryve  hym  up  &  down  half  a  q*'^'  of  an 
hour  &  put  to  evy  dryk  of  a  cowe  an  handful  of  salt  &  aft®^'  ye  best 
have  drnk  rub  y®  tiig  w^^  salt.' 

At  end,  old  prescriptions  '  For  a  hors  that  ys  seke '.  '  Pro  tussi 
equine '  A  soveren  medicyn  for  achys,  brokynes  or  swellyngs  callyd 
y®  .  .  .  oyntment  ...  It  must  be  made  in  Maye  or  between  y® 
Lady  days '. 

RUBEUS,  HiERONYMUS. 
89      Disputatio  de  melonibus ;  acc.  responsum  medicinale  pro 
asthmate  cardinalis  Bonifacii,  auctore  Vincentio  Alsario 
a  Cruce.  4-  Venet.  1607 

RuELLius,  Joannes. 
34     De  natura  stirpium  libri  tres,  fol.  Basil.  1537 

'  H.    Spes  no  cofudit.  W. 
Jy  siletio  et  spe.' 

With  old  notes  in  hand  of  H.  W.  (?)  on  pp.  342,  630.    A  similar 
inscription  is  written  in  a  copy  of  Aristotle,     Hist.  Anmialimn^  and 
Theophrastus,  de  Plantis^ioX.  Basil  1534,  in  the  library  of  the  Oxford 
Botanic  Garden.    This  copy  afterwards  passed  to  *  Robt.  Leedes 
'N.  Johnson',  and  Sherard. 

RUEUS,  Franciscus. 
129      De  Gemmis,  1652.  Vallesius. 

Ryff,  Gualterus  H. 
102      De  memoria  artificiali  quam  memorativam  artem  vocant ; 

item  de  naturali  memoria  quomodo  medicinae  beneficio 
excitanda,  augenda,  et  confirmanda,  etc.  8.  s.  1.  1541 

Scaliger,  Julius  C. 
JOG      In   libros  duos,  qui  inscribuntur   de  Plantis,  Aristotele 
authore.  12.  Marpurg.  1598 


LIBRARY 


225 


SCHWENCKFELT,  CASPAR. 
90     Stirpium  et  fossilium  Silesiae  catalogus.  4.  Lips.  1600 

[Sharrock,  R. 

History  of  the  propagation  &  improvement  of  vegetables, 
by  the  concurrence  of  art  and  nature.      Missing:  1666] 

SORANUS. 

6     In  artem  medendi  isagoge;  Oribasii  fragmentum  de  victus 
ratione  ;  C.  Ph'nii  Secundi  de  re  medica  libri  quinque. 

fol.  Basil,  in  aed.  And.  Cratandri  1528 


OSSesSOr)       ^  fia-ayc^yr] 


ous 


j  fLs  in  +  aycoj  duco 


"^ho  aycoyrj  ductio.' 

[Anthony  Rous,  armiger,  co.  Devon,  matric.  Broad  gates  Hall, 
18  March  i6o|.] 

[SowERBY,  Leonard. 

The  Ladies  Dispensatory.  Missing,    8  Lond.  165a] 

Spigelius,  Adrian. 
go     Isagoges  in  rem  herbariam  libri  duo.  4.  Patav.  1606 

Sprecchis,  Pompeius. 
92     Antabsinthium  Clavenae.  4.  Ven.  16 11 

*  18  May  1623  2  6)  , 
Bindinge  ij  ^  ^' 

Stengel,  C. 

Ill      Hortorum,  florum  et  arborum  historia  in  duo  tomos  dis- 
tributa.  8  Aug.  Vind.  1650 

'  14  Decemb.  1654 — 3V 

Stephanus,  Carolus. 

De  vasculis  libellus,  adulescentulorum  causa  ex  Bayfio  de- 
'     scriptus  ;  addita  vulgari  Latinaruni  vocum  interpretatione. 
I  Seminarium  sive  plantarum  earum  arborum  quae  post  hortos 
conseri  solent. 

103  /  De  revestiaria  libellus  ex  Bayfio  excerptus;  addita  vulgaris 
linguae  interpretatione  ;  secunda  editio. 
De   re   hortensi   libellus,  vulgaris   herbarum,  florum  ac 
fruticum  qui  in  hortis  contineri  solent  nomina  Latinis 
vocibus  efferre  docens.         8.  Par.  Rob.  Stephanus.  1536 

*  Curtius  '  on  last  page. 

Stephanus,  Robertus.  [12.  Lutet.  1545 

95     De  Latinis  et  Graecis  nominibus  arborum,  etc.,  ex  Aristotele. 
On  title  ;  '  Sum  Henrici  Harvey  et  amicorum 
Quanto  maior  iminet  nec 
cit  aut  fac.  tanto  magis  viget.' 

Q 


226 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Stephens,  P.,  &  Broune,  Gul. 
114     Catalogus  horti  botanici  Oxoniensis.  12.  Oxon.  1658 

The  second  part  of  the  Catalogue  of  the  Trees  &  Plants  of 
the  Physick  Garden.  12.  Oxford  1658 

SwEERTius,  Emanuel. 
80  Florilegium  amplissimum  et  selectissimum,  quo  non  tantum 
varia  diversorum  florum  genera,  sed  et  rarae  quam- 
plurimae  Indicarum  plantarum,  et  radicum  formae,  ad 
vivum  partibus  duabus,  quatuor  etiam  linguis,  offeruntur 
et  delineantur.  fol.  Franc.  161 2 

Tabernaemontanus,  Jac.  Theodorus. 
46-47  Neuw  kreuterbuch,  mit  schonen,  klinstlichen  und  leblichen 
figuren   und  conterfeyten,  allerhand  gewachs,  blumen, 
krauter,  etc.    2  vols.  fol.  Frankof.  1625 

*  Rec^  this  6  of  September  1655  of  the  right  wor*^  Dr.  How) 
the  summ  of  fifty  foure  shillinge  in  full  for  this  bookej  ^  ^4  o 
I  say  Octavian  Pulleyn.'  With  old  deeds  used  as  guards. 

77      Eicones  plantarum  seu  stirpium  arborum  nempe  fructicum, 
herbarum  fructuum,  lignorum  .  .  .  curante  Nic.  Bassaeo. 

obi.  4.  Francof.  1590 
Annotated  by  Goodyer  with  modem  names  throughout,  with  cross 
references  to  Lobel. 

Thalius,  Joannes. 
89      Sylva  Hercynia  ;  sive  catalogus  plantarum  sponte  nascentium 
in  montibus  et  locis  vicinis  Hercyniae,  quae  respicit 
Saxoniam.  8.  Francf.  1588 

With  refs.  to  Pinax. 

Theophrastus,  Eresius. 

De  historia  plantarum,  libri  decem.  \ 
De  causis  plantarum,  libri  sex  \  fol.  Ven.  Aid.  1497 

Metaphysica.  J 

Contemporary  stamped  leather  Italian  binding. 
Chapters  numbered  by  G.,  who  probably  used  this  copy  for  his 
translation. 

3      Opera  omnia  Gr.  cum  praefatione  Joach.  Camerarii. 

fol.  Basil.  Operini  1541 

'  Sept^'  September  1623   pr.  158  6'^: 

End  papers  with  account  for  timber  and  carpentr>',  signed  Thomas' 
Herytage. 

138      De  historia  plantarum.    (With  Aristotle.)       8.  Lugd.  155^^ 
30      De  historia  plantarum,  Gr.  Lat.  ex  interpr.  Theod.  Gazae; 
totum  opus  absolutissimis  cum  notis,  tum  commentariis, 
item  rariorum  plantarum  iconibus  illustravit  Jo.  Budaeus 


LIBRARY 


227 


a  Stapel ;  acc.  Julii  S.  Scaligeri  in  eosdem  libros  animad- 
versiones,  et  R.  Constantini  annotationes.  fol.  Amst.  1644 

*  15*0  Julij  1657—308.' 
104      De  suffruticibus,  herbisque  ac  frugibus  libri  quatuor,  Theod. 

Gaza  interprete.  8,  Argent.  Sybold,  s.  a. 

[With  Mizaldus.'] 

Pagination  added. 

Thevet,  Andre. 
61      Les  singularitez  de  la  France  antarctique  autrement  nommee 
Amerique ;  et  de  plusieurs  terres  et  isles  decouvertes  de 
nostre  temps.  4.  Par.  1558 

'  Novemb.  14  1631 — 12^' 

' .  .  .  anguinea  vitae.'  On  title  three  names  of  former  owners  erased. 

Thurneisser,  Leonhardus. 
37      Historia,  sive  descriptio  plantarum  onnnium,  tarn  domestica- 
rum  quam  exoticarum,  earundem  virtutes  et  icones  pro- 
ponens  ;  atque  una  his  partium  omnium  corporis  humani, 
ut  externarum  ita  internarum,  picturas,  etc.,  complectens. 

fol.  Berlini.  1578 

^  Vixi  satis  si  Christe  sat  vixi  tibi 
JB  ex  dono  CB  consang.' 

Evidently  a  gift  from  Caspar  to  his  brother  John  Bauhin. 

In  binding  is  a  folio  Proclamation  dated  24  May  1648  printed  by 
Cotes,  London.  And  used  as  a  guard  is  part  of  a  letter  ending 
'  millitia  '  and  endorsed  '  Castle  baynard the  name  of  one  of  the 
Wards  of  the  City  of  London,  to  the  south  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral. 

Tradescant,  John. 
134     Plantarum  in  horto  Johannem  Tradescanti  nascentium  cata- 
logus.  8.  s.  1.  1634 

A  unique  copy.    See  p.  334. 

Tragus,  Hieronymus. 
127      De  stirpium,  maxime  earum,  quae  in  Germania  nostra 
nascuntur,  usitatis  nomenclaturis  propriisque  dififerentiis, 
etc.,  commentariorum  libri  tres,  ex  ling.  Germ,  in  Lat. 
conversi  D.  Kybero  interprete.  4.  Argent.  1552 

With  G.'s  references  to  plants,  cf.  p.  73. 

(Krautterbuch  .  .  .  verbessert  durch  Melchiorem  Sebizium. 
Teutsche  Speisskammer.  fol.  Strasburg  1630 

Treveris,  Peter. 
The  grete  herball. 

4.  Lond.  in  Southwarke  by  Peter  Treveris  1526 
The  great  herball  newly  corrected. 

4.  Lond.  in  aed.  Tho.  Gybson  1.532 

Q  2 


48 


28 


22S 


JOHN  GOODYER 


Troxiten. 

20  Horn  des  heyls  menschlicher  blodigkeit ;  oder  Kreutterbuch, 
darinn  die  Krauter  des  Teudschenlands,  ausz  dem  liecht 
der  natur,  .  .  .  beshriben  durch  Philomusum  anonymum  ; 
nachmals  durch  doctorem  Troxiten  in  truck  geben. 

'2S  May  i655-8«.'  ^ol.  Strasb.  1595 

Turner,  William. 
13  The  first  and  second  partes  of  the  herbal  of  William  Turner, 
lately  oversene  corrected  and  enlarged  with  the  thirde 
parte  lately  gathered  and  nowe  set  oute  with  the  names 
of  the  herbes,  in  Greke,  Latin,  English,  Duche,  Frenche, 
and  in  the  apothecaries  and  herbaries  Latin. 

fol.  Collen,  by  Arnold  Birckman,  1568 
With  a  MS.  index  and  notes  by  Goodyer. 
A  booke  of  the  natures  and  properties,  as  well  of  the 
bathes  in  England  as  of  other  bathes  in  Germanye,  and 
Italye.  fol.  Collen,  by  Arnold  Birckman,  1568 

*  To  Mr.  O.  Bilson  from  E.  Gray  heboriste.' 

Valla,  Georgius. 
134     De  simplicium  natura  liber  unus.  8.  Argentinae  1528 

Vallesius,  Franciscus. 
1 29      De  sacra  philosophia,  sive  de  iis,  quae  in  libris  sacris  physice 
scripta  sunt;  liber  singularis.    6th  edit.       8.  Lugd.  1652 
With  Lemnius,  de  Plantis  sacris,  and  Rueus,  de  Gemmis. 
End  papers  are  part  of  a  printed  Proclamation  of  the  House  of 
Commons  concerning  spirits  who  steal  children,  dated  1661,  printed 
by  Rich.  Hodgkinson  living  in  Thames  Street  over  against  Baynards 
Castle  1 66 1. 

Veslingius,  Joannes. 
85      Paraeneses  ad  rem  herbariam.    p.  85. 

De   plantis  Aegyptiis  observationes  et  notae  ad  Prosp. 
Alpinum  ;  cum  additamento  aliarum  ejusdem  regionis. 

4.  Patav.  1638 
Opobalsami  veteribus  cogniti  vindiciae.    p.  217. 
With  Prosp.  Alpinus,  de  plantis  Aegyptis,  q.  v. 

ViGNA,  DOMINICUS. 
66     Animadversiones  sive  observationes  in  libros  de  historia,  et 
de  causis  plantarum  Theophrasti ;    addita  fuit  tabula 
studio  et  opera  Andreae  Checcaccii.  4.  Pisis.  1625 

*I9  April  1655— iS'i.' 
19  Apr.  1655  unbound— I"  6'^       |  , 
28  Junij  1655  the  bindinge — 2^f 


LIBRARY 


229 


WoLPHius,  Caspar. 
101      De  stirpium  collectione  tabulae.  12.  Tiguri  1587 

WORMIUS,  Olaus. 
54     Museum  Wormianum.  fol.  Lugd.  1655 

Two  of  the  titles  in  the  old  list  have  hitherto  proved  untraceable.  They  are 
*Anatomia  Sambuci'  and  'Alb.  Montani  Isagoge  Physico-magico-medica 


The  Goodyer  Manuscripts. 

MS.  1-6.  Goodyer,  J.,  and  Heath,  J.  Translation  of  DIOSCORIDES 
into  English  with  interlinear  Greek  text.    4,540  pages 
4to,  bound  in  six  vols.,  dated  1653-5. 
See  p.  85. 

MS.  6^.  Goodyer,  J.,  and  Heath,  J.   Translation  of  Saracen, 
Scholia  on  Dioscorides,  into  English.    300  pp.  folio. 
MS.  ends  abruptly  on  p.  292  with  a  note,  *  Joh.  Heath  clericus 
obiit  25  Nov.  1656'.    See  p.  89. 

MS.  7.  Goodyer,  J.  Translation  of  Theophrastus,  Trept  (pvTcov, 
into  English.  494  pages,  interleaved,  one  vol.,  sm.  folio, 
dated  1623. 

De  Plantis,  pp.  1-238.  De  Causis  Plantarum,  pp.  239-494. 
In  the  binding  is  part  of  a  deed:  'Witherdon  de  Stone'  in 
Kent  and  '  Joh.  Sharpe '  are  mentioned.    See  p.  50. 

MS.  8.  [?  Dale,  J.]  i.  Descriptions  of  English  Grasses.  80  pp. 
folio. 

Not  in  Goodyer's  hand,  but  enlarged  with  additions  by  him. 
Reasons  for  referring  these  MSS.  to  John  Dale  are  given  on 
p.  296. 

ii.  Descriptions  of  Plants  headed  '  Ex  manuscriptis  Turn. 
Annexis  Lobelii  Observationibus '.  30  pp.  folio,  dated 
Jan.  22,  1651. 

In  the  same  handwriting  as  No.  i.  The  date  of  Lobel's  work 
was  about  1576. 

iii.  Goodyer,  J.  Index  to  Plants  described  in  his  copy  of 
C.  Clusius,  Rariorum  Plantarum  Historia  and  other 
works  bound  up  therewith.    20  pp.  folio. 

MS.  9.    [?  Dale,  J.]    i.  Index  of  British  Plants,  c,  \6^o-i6^6. 

The  work,  written  on  about  250  leaves  folio,  is  based  on 
C.  Bauhin's  Pinax  Theatri  Botanici^  1 623,  which  Goodyer 
acquired  before  30  Nov.  1623.  The  handwriting  is  that  of  the 
author  of  MS.  8.    i  and  ii. 


230 


JOHN  GOODYER 


References  are  given  to  the  following  works :  Bauhin,  Pinax^ 
1623  ;  [Lobel],  Plantarujn  seu  stirpiujn  icones,  1581  ;  hones 
Siirpium,  1591 ;  Gerard,  Herball,  1 597;  Johnson's  Gerard,  1633  ; 
Parkinson,  Theatrum,  1640;  Y\.o\v,  Phytologia,  1650;  Johnson, 
Mercurius  Bota?iicus,  1634. 

The  entries  from  the  last  book  have  been  marked  with  yellow 
paint  by  Goodyer,  who  made  a  few  additions  to  the  two  last 
pages  and  to  Pin.  81,  131,  155,  265,  288,  the  two  last  being  dated 
19  July  1656.  The  following  extracts  illustrate  the  author's 
style  and  notes  : 
Rapunculus  folio  oblongo  spica  orbiculari.    (Pin.  92.) 

=  Merc.  64  Rapuntium  corniculatum  montanum,  Col. 

'  D^''  Goodyeerius  semper  suspicabatur  haec  duo  novissime 
proposita  non  ipse  nisi  ejusdem  plantae,  ratione  soli  vel  Arigo- 
sioris  vel  laeti,  variantis  diversa  nomina.' 

Melmnpyrum  latifoluim.    (Pin.  234.) 

*  Mali  coniunxit  emaculator  Sideritium  pratensem  luteum 
Lugd.  et  Crataeogonon,  Lob.  quae  sunt  diversae  Plantae. 
Sideritis  pratensis  lutea  Lugd.  non  habetur  apud  Lobelium. 
Inquirendum  an  Sideritis  lutea  Mri.  Stonehouse  ad  hanc 
Sideritem  possit  referri.' 

Blattaria  alba.    (Pin.  241.) 

*  Hue  etiam  referimus  Blattariam  fl.  viridi  et  Blattariam  fl. 
albo  flavescente,  indignus  quae  novam  speciem  facerat.' 

ii.  List  of  153  British  Plants.  '  Plantae  ad  Methodum 
Pinacis  reducendae  quibus  Botanographi  nostratis  ortum 
tribuere  Britannicum.'  Dated  the  last  day  of  April  1659. 
By  John  Dale? 

The  list  is  in  the  same  hand  as  the  Index,  and  like  it  has  been 
annotated  by  Goodyer,  who  was  evidently  in  correspondence 
with  the  writer,  e.g.  after  No.  '8.  Gramen  Parnassi '  Goodyer 
adds,  '  This  you  have  putt  into  the  draught  of  your  Catalogue 

MS.  10.  Hortus  siccus. 

Among  the  MSS.  received  by  Magdalen  College  from  Goodyer 
were  two  Herbaria,  listed  as  '  Hortus  hyemalis  fol.'  and  '  Hortus 
hyemalis  minor  fol.'.  The  former  is  missing,  but  the  latter  may 
be  represented  by  this  small  herbarium  of  10  leaves  folio. 

It  contained  a  small  collection  of  Mosses  and  Ferns,  made 
c.  1620  and  mounted  on  the  leaves  of  a  MS.  Botanical  Glossary, 
English-Latin,  beginning  with  '  Anise  seade  Anisum  '  and  ending 
'  Yerrowe  Nose  bleede.  Stratiotes  millefolia.  Militaris  Mille- 
folium '. 

All  the  dried  plants  have  been  removed,  but  the  following 
names  on  paper  straps  are  legible : 

f.  3.  Lichen  arborum.    Lichen  cinereus.    Muscus  peltatus. 
Muscus  pyxidatus.    [         ]  sylvestris,  3  Jul.  1620. 

4.  Phillitis  digitata.  Ceterach. 

5.  Filix  palustris. 

6.  Polypodium. 

7.  Filix  spinosa.    Chamaefilix  marina  anglica. 


MANUSCRIPTS  231 

MS.  II.  Goodyer's  Miscellaneous  Papers. 

The  more  important  of  these  are  published  or  referred  to  in 
this  volume  as  MS.  11,  f.  — ,  or  more  briefly  as  MS.  f.  — ,  with 
the  leaf  number  but  without  the  number  of  the  manuscript. 

MS.  12.  LOBEL.  Stirpium  Illustrationes ;  plurimas  elaborantes 
inauditas  plantas  subreptitiis  Joh:  Parkinsoni  rapsodifs 
(ex  codice  MS.  insalutato)  sparsim  gravatae :  edited  by 
W"^  How.    37  leaves  folio. 

The  original  MS.  from  which  the  work  was  printed  in  1655. 
Seep.  252. 

MS.  13-15-  LOBEL.    Stirpium  Illustrationes. 

An  unpublished  work  in  preparation  about  161 2.  About 
835  plants  are  described.    See  p.  253. 

MS.  16.  GoODYER,J.    Index  to  Gerard's  Herbal  (1597).    Sm.  8vo. 
With  localities  of  British  Plants. 

MS.  17.  [Stonehouse,   W.]     Catalogus  Plantarum   Horti  mei 
Darfeldiae.    Anno  1640.    With  plan  i2mo. 
See  p.  348. 

MS.  18.  How,  W.  Additional  Notes  to  his  Phytologia  Britawiica 
16^0.    Written  1650-1656.    See  p.  276. 

An  interleaved  copy  with  many  corrections,  notes,  and  MS. 
lists  of  plants  by  the  author  who  died  30  Aug.  1656.  Goodyer, 
according  to  a  note  inside  the  cover,  received  the  book  on 
30  Apr.  1659,  and  then  added  marginal  references  throughout 
and  notes  on  six  plants  printed  on  p.  194. 

On  the  inside  of  the  cover  is  a  receipt  dated  July  29  and 
unsigned,  probably  written  after  1659,  when  the  book  was  in 
Goodyer's  possession.  *  Rec.  of  Mr.  Goodier  ten  pounds  for 
Mr.  Bold's  use.'  The  Mr.  Bold  was  probably  Arch.  Bold,  one  of 
the  witnesses  to  Goodyer's  will. 

The  notes  in  How's  handwriting  are  partly  his  own,  and  partly 
from  information  received  from  Goodyer,  Hunnibon,  and  William 
Browne  of  Magdalen  College.  Their  source  is  acknowledged 
both  where  they  occur  and  generally  on  the  front  page.  '  Gaine 
I  was  for  Goodyers  Plants  and  des.  y®  like  for  Brownes,  Lobells 
[and  Pennyes  MS.  w^^  review  for  names  etc.] '  (struck  out). 
Inserted  are  7  coloured  and  3  uncoloured  drawings  of  plants. 

Passages  from  this  volume  have  been  frequently  quoted  by 
Druce,  but  we  have  not  found  any  evidence  for  his  statement 
that  *  on  the  death  of  Goodyer  the  book  probably  came  into  the 
possession  of  W"  Browne '}  It  would  have  passed  into  the 
possession  of  the  College  direct,  with  the  rest  of  Goodyer's 
library  in  1664. 


Druce,  Flo^a  Berks.,  p.  ciii. 


232 


JOHN  GOODYER 


MS.  19.  Johnson,  T.,  and  How,  W.  Additions  to  T.  Johnson's 
Descriptio  Itineris  Plantartim  investigationis  in  agrum 
Cantianum  A.  D.  1632. 

Formerly  in  the  possession  of  W.  How,  and  previously  Johnson's  own 
copy.    See  p.  276. 

Additions  in  T.  Johnson's  handwriting : 

On  p.  3,  1.  10  'Alga  membranacea '  has  been  struck  out. 
On  p.  6  to  the  list  of  plants  obtained  in  the  Isle  of  Thanet,  Absinthium 
vulgare  has  been  added.    On  p.  9  *  Sarxifranga,  Dod.'  has  been 
added  after  *  Serpillum '  in  1.  3.    On  p.  37,  to  the  Flora  of  Hampstead 
Heath  are  added 

'  Coronopus  Ruellii,  Cornu  Cervi  alt.  vulg. 
*  Scabiosa  minor  sive  ovina,  Dod.  Cam.,  media.  Lob. 
'  Scabiosa  media  serrato  angustifolio,  flore  Globularia.    Adv.,  Ra- 
puntium  alterum  leptophyllum  capitatum.  Col.* 
At  back  of  plate  is  a  note  of  '  Trifolium  pumilum  .  .  .  White  dwarfe 
Trefoile 

All  these  are  printed  in  the  Fhytologia. 

Eighteen  leaves  are  bound  in  at  the  end. 
ff.  I  and  2.  Blank. 

ff.  3-6.    Index  to  genera  mentioned,  including  the  MS.  additions. 

In  Johnson's  hand  with  additions  by  How. 
f.  6  V.    Notes  by  How. 

ff.  7-1 1.    Alphabetical  list  of  about  190  species  of  English  plants 

not  included  in  Johnson's  lists.    In  How's  hand, 
ff.  12-17.  Blank, 
ff.  1 7  v.,  1 8.    Notes  by  How. 

This  little  volume  has  the  great  sentimental  interest  of  being  the  germ 
from  which  all  British  Floras  are  descended.  The  first  index  comprises 
all  the  plants  mentioned  in  Johnson's  book,  and  is  written,  I  believe,  by 
the  author  himself.  The  second  list  contains  names  of  English  plants, 
including  those  quoted  by  How  as  derived  from  '  Dr.  lohnfons.  M/,\  in 
How's  hand,  with  additions  by  him  at  a  later  date.  Unfortunately  these 
plants  are  not  localized.  How's  rough  notes  on  the  last  two  pages  are 
evidently  memoranda  used  when  preparing  the  Fhytologia^  our  first 
British  Flora. 

If  my  interpretation  of  the  handwritings  be  correct,  this  volume  would 
probably  have  passed  from  Johnson  (d.  1644)  to  How,  who  would  have 
used  it  in  the  compilation  of  the  Fhytologia  (1650),  and  after  How's 
death  in  1656  it  would  have  passed  to  Goodyer,  perhaps  with  How's  copy 
of  the  Fhytologia^  in  1659. 


NOTES   ON   CONTEMPORARY  BOTANISTS 

MOSTLY    FROM    GoODYER's    BoOKS    AND  PaPERS 

In  the  England  of  John  Goodyer,  the  stream  of  Botanical 
learning  was  flowing  along  a  very  small  channel.  So  small  was  it, 
that  viewed  from  the  present  time  after  the  lapse  of  three  hundred 
years,  the  water  appears  confined  to  a  few  isolated  pools  and  back- 
waters with  no  certain  channel  between  them.  The  number  of  true 
men  of  science,  as  opposed  to  herbalists,  could  be  counted  on  the 
fingers  of  one  hand,  and  the  untimely  death  or  defection  of  any 
one  of  them  might  have  put  back  the  progress  of  botany  for 
a  century. 

The  following  notes  on  Goodyer's  friends  or  contemporaries 
were  gleaned  from,  or  suggested  by,  the  study  of  his  own  manu- 
scripts. By  their  publication  we  may  perchance  bring  to  light  an 
occasional  fact  which  reveals  the  course  of  the  stream  of  botanical 
learning. 

The  names  of  previous  owners  of  his  books  have  been  listed : 
his  manuscripts  suggest  material  for  more  extended  notes  on  some 
of  the  following  botanists,  the  others  emerged  during  our  research : 
they  are  not  to  be  found  in  the  Biographical  Index  of  British 
Botanists,  The  identification  of  the  handwritings  of  some  of  them 
was  by  no  means  an  easy  matter  :  two  are  still  doubtful. 

i.  Thomas  Penny,  ^.  1530-1589. 

ii.  The  1570  Botanist  of  Oxford  and  Winchester. 

iii.  Richard  Garth,  ^.  1597. 

iv,  V.  William  and  Sir  John  Salusbury,  1567-1613. 

vi.  M.  Lobel,  1 538-1616  and  How. 

vii.  Wm.  Mount,  1545-1602. 

viii.  Richard  Shanne,  1561-1627. 
ix.  John  Parkinson,  1567-1650. 

X.  Walter  Stonehouse,  1597-1655. 

xi.  Thomas  Johnson,  c,  i 600-1 644. 

xii.  William  How,  i 619-1656. 

xiii.  John  Dale,  d,  1662. 

xiv.  William  Browne,  1629-1678. 


234 


PENNY 


i.  Thomas  Penny,  c.  1530-89. 

Thomas  Penny,  M.D.,  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1551, 
F.R.C.P.  1582,  contributed  to  a  natural  history  of  Insects,  which, 
begun  by  Edward  Wotton  and  amplified  with  extracts  from 
Conrad  Gesner,  was  finally  completed  by  Thomas  Muffett  of 
Oxford.  MufTett  died  in  1604,  leaving  the  book  in  manuscript. 
It  was  eventually  published  in  1634  by  Sir  Theodore  de  Mayerne. 

Penny's  botanical  reputation  has  been  rescued  '  from  an  almost 
total  obscurity '  by  Pulteney,  who  points  him  out  as  *  A  second 
Dioscorides,  for  his  singular  knowledge  in  plants  '.  He  had  resided 
in  Switzerland  and  had  visited  the  island  of  Majorca.  He  was 
personally  acquainted  with  Gesner,  Camerarius,  and  Clusius.  From 
Majorca  he  brought  Geranium  tuberosum ,  Swertia  perennis,  and 
Hypericum  balearicum,  which  Clusius  named  '  Myrtocistus  Pennaei ' 
in  his  honour.^  Clusius  ^  in  1583  thanked  him  for  a  drawing  of 
Cnicus  heterophyllus  Roth.,  sent  in  1581,  and  noted  ^  his  discovery 
of  Cornus  suecica  L.  in  the  Cheviots.  We  have  Mount's  statement 
that  he  grew  Acorus  Calamus  in  his  London  garden  before  1582, 
Penny  communicated  the  following  plants  to  Camerarius,  who 
describes  him  as  a  leading  London  Physician  '  rerum  naturalium 
peritissimus,  amicus  meus  singularis  '.    Hort.  med.  1588,  p.  36. 

Caryophyllata  vulgaris  or  C.  altera  alpina  with  white  flowers.    Monte  Lupo 
in  France.  Geum  reptans-  L. 

Lactuca  sylvestris  *  odore  prorsus  Opii Lactuca  virosa  L. 
Matricaria  tertia  fl.  pi.  in  Anglia  frequens.  Matricaria  partheniuin  L. 

Rhodia  radix.    Ingleborrow.  Sedum  Rhodiola  DC. 

And  Lobel,  Adv,  367,  associates  '  Myrrhis  altera '  {Myrrhis  odorata 
Scop.)  with  him. 

The  mention  of  the  name  of  Penny  by  How  at  a  date  subsequent 
to  1650  in  an  erased  passage  quoted  on  p.  280  is  of  importance, 
because  it  may  throw  new  light  on  his  botanical  MSS.  Pulteney's 
account  of  the  matter  is  that  '  Dr.  Penny  died  in  1589,  and  is  said 
by  Jungerman  to  have  left  his  papers  to  Moufet  and  Turner ;  but, 
in  this  account,  there  is  surely  a  very  striking  anachronism  since 
Turner  himself  died  in  the  year  1568*.  It  is  clear,  therefore,  that 
Penny's  zoological  MS.  on  Insects  went  to  Muffett,  and  that  his 
botanical  MSS.  could  not  have  gone  to  WiLLlAM,  but  to  some  other 
Turner.  As  a  possibility,  a  man  who  would  have  valued  them 
would  have  been  the  well-known  astrological  botanist,  ROBERT 

'  Ger.  emac.  434,  946,  1279.  ^  Stirp.  Pannon.  Hist.  1583. 

'  Rar.  Plant.  Hist.  i.  59,  1601. 


ROBERT  TURNER 


235 


Turner,^  whom  we  have  suggested  as  identical  with  the  '  Turn.' 
owner  of  the  Lobel  MS.  mentioned  below.  Robert  lived  at 
Holdshot  in  the  north-east  corner  of  Hampshire :  '  Turn.'  was  in 
correspondence  with  Goodyer  and  Dale(?),  either  of  whom  might 
have  shown  his  MS.  to  How,  without  however  giving  permission 
for  publication  by  the  latter. 

ii.  The  1570  Botanist  of  Oxford  and  Winchester. 
[?Dr.  Walter  Bayley,  1529-92.] 

On  looking  through  some  of  the  older  books  in  the  Botanical 
Department  of  the  British  Museum  I  was  rewarded  by  finding 
twenty-nine  plant  records,  some  dated  1570-2,  in  the  hand  of  an 
unknown  botanist,  who  appears  to  have  lived  at  Oxford  and 
Winchester.  In  accordance  with  a  practice  very  usual  in  those 
days,  he  wrote  English  names  of  plants  in  the  margins  of  his  Latin 
botany  book,  Du  Pinet,  Historia  Planiartim,  Lugd.  1 561,  and  in 
a  few  instances  added  the  names  of  persons  and  localities.  The 
names  are  Watson,  Jeames,  Barnabye,  Norton,  Strowde,  Heiden, 
Basket,  and  Crosse.  The  localities  are  mostly  the  several  gardens 
of  these  persons  ;  and  a  few  places,  all  near  Winchester,  are  noted  as 
stations  of  common  Hampshire  plants. 

When  the  preceding  clause  was  already  in  type,  I  happened 
to  see  an  autograph  inscription  in  a  precious  little  volume  by 
Dr.  Walter  Bayley  of  New  College,^  printed  privately  and  issued 
anonymously  as  a  New  Year's  gift  to  a  friend.  The  writing  at 
once  caught  my  eye  on  account  of  its  resemblance  to  the  writing 
of  our  unknown  botanist.  Both  writings  are  in  the  style  of  the 
period  ;  and  without  further  specimens  of  each,  it  is  impossible 
to  be  certain  of  identity,  but  Dr.  Bayley  was  certainly  the  kind  of 
man  who  might  have  entered  botanical  memoranda  in  a  Die  Pinet. 

Walter  Bayley  was  educated  at  Winchester  and  New  College, 
becoming  a  Fellow  there  in  1550.  When  Junior  Proctor,  he 
demanded  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Physic,  and  supplicated  for 
leave  to  practise  medicine  '  per  totam  Angliam  He  was  Queen's 
Professor  of  Medicine  at  Oxford  from  1561  to  1582.  In  1581  he 
was  appointed  Physician  in  Ordinary  to  Queen  Elizabeth. 

The  Dti  Pinet,  1561,  would  therefore  have  been  the  newest 

botany  book  out  at  the  time  of  his  becoming  Professor,  and  the 

marginal  notes  would  have  been  written  about  the  middle  of  his 

^  A  Robert  Turner  was  born  at  Reading  at  h.  9.48  a.m.  on  30  July  1626  {MS. 
Ashm.  183). 

The  property  of  Sir  D'Arcy  Power  :  see  his  Dr.  Walte?'  Bayley,  Med.  Chir. 
Trans,  xc. 


lofi  BAYLEY 


tenure  of  the  chair.  Besides  those  printed  below,  one  other  entry 
may  be  mentioned.  Under  *  Piper  indicum  'p.  12  is  noted  *  a  kynd 
of  pepper  groweing  in  India:  husked'.  It  may  only  have  been 
a  coincidence,  but  Bayley  happened  to  have  been  greatly  interested 
in  Peppers,  for  some  years  later  he  printed,  for  distribution  among 
his  friends,  A  short  Discourse  of  the  Three  Kindes  of  Peppers  in 
common  use  and  certain  Medicines  made  of  the  same,  tending  to  the 
preservation  of  health,  1588.  The  discourse  contains  one  personal 
note  which  bears  on  the  author's  movements :  *  I  have  often  scene 
at  Poole  at  Dorsetshire  and  also  in  London,  the  whole  clusters  of 
pepper  preserved  in  brine  and  in  salt It  is  unnecessary  to  point 
out  that  an  old  Wykehamist  journeying  from  Oxford  to  Poole 
would  naturally  break  the  journey  at  Winchester. 

If  we  accept  the  dates  1570-2  and  the  identifications  of  the 
species,  these  brief  notes  are  among  the  earliest  known  evidences 
for  the  occurrence  of  eight  species  of  plants  in  Hampshire,  two  of 
which  are  the  first  localized  notices  for  Britain. 

Halimus  or  Atriplex  marinus,  p.  62.  Atriplex  littoralis  L. 

*  Upon  hable  bankes  in  great  quantitie.' 

[The  river  H amble  is  not  far  from  the  locality  where  Lobel  noted  the  plant. 
His,  the  first  printed  record,  dates  from  1655.] 
Conyza  media,  Du  Pinet^  p.  390.  Pulicaria  dysenterica  Gray. 

*  In  diches  evrywhere  about  Winchester.' 

Sium,  p.  171.  Nasturtiuin  officinale  R.  Br. 

'  In  ye  dych  towards  Nortons.' 
Clematis  altera  Dioscorides,  p.  442.  Clematis  vitalba  L. 

'White  vyne.    In  every  hedge  about  Winchester.' 
Thlaspi.  Thlaspi  arvense  L. 

'  In  Mr.  Strowdes  garden  and  medoe,  1572.' 
Eupatorium  Avicennae,  p.  476.  Eupatoriuiti  cannabinum  L. 

'  In  ye  dyche  toward  blak  Bridge.'  ^ 
Tithymalus  masculus,  p.  605.  Euphorbia  ainygdaloides  L. 

'In  cops  by  Cathe  of  ij  sorts.' ^ 
Personata  altera,  p.  559.  Petasites  vulgaris  Desf. 

'  Close  by  the  river  sydes.' 
Cynocrambe,  p.  635.  Mercurialis perennis  L. 

*  Oxon.' 

[An  evidence  more  than  200  years  earlier  than  the  first  record  in  the  County 

Flora?^ 

For  the  notices  of  garden  plants  see  p.  304.  , 

^  My  friend  Mr.  H.  Salter  tells  me  that  Black  Bridge  over  the  Itchen  is  near 
the  west  end  of  the  Warden's  Garden,  and  suggests  that '  Cathe '  may  be  an 
abbreviation  for  St.  Catherine's  Hill. 


GARTH 


237 


iii.  Richard  Garth,  d.  1597. 

Richard  Garth  was  an  accomplished  botanist  whose  contribu- 
tions to  science  are  better  remembered  in  the  works  of  Clusius  and 
other  foreign  botanists  than  in  his  own  country.  He  was  the  son 
of  Edward  Garth,  one  of  the  six  Clerks  in  Chancery,  and  owned 
a  property  at  Morden  in  Surrey  in  1564.  Between  1581  and  1591 
his  relations  with  Brazil  enabled  him  to  bring  several  of  the  plants 
of  that  country,  including  the  *  Papyrifera  arbor',  the  'Juni-pap- 
peeywa  Brasiliorum  ',  the  '  Phaseolus  Brasiliorum  ',  and  some  exotic  * 
fruits  to  the  notice  of  Clusius,  who  described  them  in  his  Libri 
Exoticortim  in  1605.  In  return  Clusius  gave  him  a  Solomon's 
Seal,  a  root  of  which  he  Wery  lovingly  imparted'  to  Gerard,  who 
not  unnaturally  described  him  as  *  a  worshippfuU  Gentleman,  and 
one  that  greatly  delighteth  in  strange  plants'  (Ger.  757).  So  far 
as  the  English  flora  is  concerned  his  name  should  be  associated 
with  the  Great  Tooth  wort  (Lathraea  squamaria  L.)  which  grew  on 
his  land  at  Groutes,  not  far  from  Croydon.^ 

In  1592  Garth  purchased  the  manor  of  Drayton  from  Robert, 
Earl  of  Sussex.  He  died  in  1597,  having  married,  firstly,  Elizabeth 
Dixon  -  and  secondly  Jane  da.  of  .  .  .  Busher,  co.  Line,  who  sur- 
vived him,  living  at  Drayton  Manor  facing  Haylinge  Island,  two 
miles  from  Portsmouth.  After  his  death,  Lobel  appears  to  have 
yisited  her  garden  there,  and  to  have  found  '  Alopecuros  altera 
maxima  Anglica  paludosa  sive  Gramen  Alopecuroides  maxima '  ^ 
and  a  variety  of  Bindweed, '  Helxine  cissampelos  alt.',*  growing  wild 
near  the  house.  She  seems  to  have  refreshed  him  with  Metheglin 
of  her  own  brewing,  and  to  have  given  him  her  recipe  for  it,  which 
he  printed  (Advers.  alt.^  1605,  p.  473). 

Lobel  speaks  of  Garth  as  Senior  Clerk  in  Chancery  Diplomatica 
Curia an  office  to  which  he  had  probably  succeeded  by  inheritance, 
and  as  most  learned  in  the  natural  history  of  Indian  as  well  as  of 
our  native  English  plants.  Hugh  Morgan,  James  Garret,  the 
communicator  of  the  vegetable  discoveries  of  his  brother  Peter 
and  of  those  who  accompanied  Sir  '  Walterus  Raulaeus '  to  Guiana, 

^  Ger.  emac.  1585.  In  the  author's  copy  of  this  work  there  is  on  p.  762  an 
old  MS.  note  relating  to  the  Greatest  Wolfe-bane,  now  Doroniaun  Pardalian- 
ches  L.  '  This  growes  wild  in  the  Orchard  of  a  house  called  Grouts  in  the 
parish  of  Mordon  in  Surry  lately  belonging  to  Mr.  Garth,  Lord  of  that  Mannour. 
It  floures  in  Aprill.' 

^  The  Heralds  Visitation  of  London  mentions  a  Richard  Garth  of  Moorden, 
CO.  Surrey,  who  m.  Dorothy  Style. 
'  Polypogon  monspeliensis  Desf. 
*  Lobel  and  How,  p.  127  ;  Park.  Theatrum,  p.  173. 


GARTH 


and  Richard  Garth  were  the  principal  authorities  in  this  country 
on  tropical  plants  in  the  sixteenth  century. 

His  copy  of  Caesalpimis  is  in  the  Magdalen  Library.  The  title- 
page  bears  his  signature,  and  in  the  body  of  the  book  he  underlined 
passages  relating  to  the  properties  of  Tobacco,  p.  344,  and  of 
Scorzonera,  p.  427,  and  added  the  name  '  Battato '  for  *  Castaneae 
terrestres',  on  p.  427.  The  volume  passed  in  1598  from  his  son 
Robert  Garth  (d.  16 13)  to  Dr.  Lancelot  Browne,  the  author  of 
a  prefatory  eulogy  in  Gerard's  Herbal^  i597j  ^"^^  then  to  John 
Goodyer. 

iv.  William  Salusbury,  i5ao?-i6oo? 

V.  Sir  John  Salusbury  of  Lleweni,  1567-1612. 

Some  few  years  ago  I  had  the  satisfaction  of  finding  in  the 
Library  of  Christ  Church  a  copy  of  Gerard's  Herbal,  with  a  few 
dated  marginal  notes  of  plants  found  in  1 606-1608  in  North  Wales, 
and  with  notes  on  the  medicinal  properties  of  others.  The  Herbal 
is  inscribed  '  Sir  John  Salusbury  his  booke ',  and  the  notes  are 
evidently  in  his  own  handwriting.  They  illustrate  the  manner 
in  which  Gerard's  work  encouraged  the  practice  of  recording  exact 
plant-localities  at  the  time  when  Goodyer  was  a  boy,  even  in  quite 
remote  parts  of  the  country.  They  are  not  mentioned  by  any 
botanical  writer  with  whom  I  am  acquainted,  nor  do  the  recent 
historical  notes  on  the  flora  of  Denbighshire  by  Dallman  take  us 
farther  back  than  Waring's  letter  of  1772.  Salusbury's  date  was 
1606,  and  though  there  is  no  chance  of  his  ever  being  forgotten 
as  an  historical  character,  he  also  deserves  to  be  remembered  by 
compilers  of  county  floras :  moreover,  unlike  his  cousin,  William, 
he  wrote  in  English.  He  received  his  first  education  at  Oxford  at 
Jesus  College. 

By  all  accounts  Sir  John  Salusbury  of  Lleweni,  known  as 
'  the  Strong was  no  ordinary  man.  He  came  of  a  remarkable 
family,  one  member  of  which,  William  Salusbury  (1520  ?-i6oo  ?), 
the  first  translator  of  the  New  Testament  into  Welsh,  is  stated  to 
have  been  the  author  of  a  Welsh  Botanologia  which  is  said  to  have 
been  an  original  work  showing  close  observation  of  plant  life  in 
Wales.  It  is  possible,  however,  that  William's  great  literary  reputa- 
tion has  led  his  biographer  to  overstate  his  botanical  achievement 
(D.N.B.).  I  believe  the  '  Welsh  Botanologia '  of  the  D.N.B.  to  be 
the  Llysieulyfr  Meddyginiaetholy  recently  (19 16)  edited  by  Mr.  E. 
Roberts.  It  is  a  Herbal  in  Welsh,  a  compilation  of  extracts  from 
Fuchsj  Turner,  and  Dodoens  translated  into  Welsh  before  1 597  by 


SALUSBURY 


239 


William  Salusbury,  with  the  Welsh  names  of  the  plants,  and  a  few 
(very  few)  localities  added.  Mr.  Roberts  points  out  that  the  more 
detailed  localities  are  those  nearest  Llansannan  and  Llanrwst  where 
William  Salusbury  is  known  to  have  lived.  Lleweni  is  thrice 
mentioned,  and  both  author  and  work  must  have  been  well  known 
to  Sir  John  Salusbury :  the  names  of  plants  localized  by  William 
are  printed  below. 

John's  mother  was  the  celebrated  Catherine  Tudor  of  Beraine, 
popularly  known  as  '  Mam  Cymru '  or  Mother  of  Wales,  celebrated 
alike  for  her  numerous  descendants  and  her  four  marriages.^ 

Sir  John  has  been  stated  to  have  had  two  thumbs  on  each  hand. 
His  gardening  is  not  remembered  as  well  as  is  his  huge  strength. 
The  Denbighshire  tradition  that  he  used  to  '  tear  up  forest  trees 
by  the  roots '  is  reminiscent  less  of  his  interest  in  botany  than  of 
a  fondness  of  displaying  his  physical  powers.^  He  married  Ursula, 
daughter  of  Henry  14th  Earl  of  Derby,  and  left  three  sons  and  two 
daughters,  the  eldest  of  whom,  Sir  Henry  Salusbury,  Bart.  {d.  1632), 
also  wrote  his  name  in  the  Herbal  (in  1627),  and  entered  notes 
on  two  plants  growing  on  the  Chirk  estate  of  his  father-in-law, 
Sir  Thomas  Myddleton  {1^^0-16^1).^ 

On  a  recent  pilgrimage  to  Denbigh  to  visit  the  site  of  Sir  John's 
gardens  at  Lleweni,  chance  made  me  acquainted  with  Mr.  A. 
Foulkes-Roberts  of  Denbigh,  himself  a  lineal  descendant  of 
Catherine  of  Berain.  He  at  once  took  the  greatest  interest  in  the 
quest  and  drew  attention  to  the  fact  that  Sir  John  Salusbury 

^  Catherine  of  Berain  was  a  great  granddaughter  of  Henry  VII  and 
therefore  cousin  to  Queen  Elizabeth.  She  m.  i.  Sir  John  Salusbury.  2.  Sir 
Richard  Clough  (and  from  this  marriage  was  descended  Mrs.  Thrale,  the  friend 
of  Dr.  Johnson).  3.  Morris  Wyn  (as  his  third  wife).  4.  Edward  Thelwall. 
The  story  goes  that  after  the  funeral  of  her  first  husband  she  left  the  church 
in  the  company  of  Mr.  Wynn  who  then  and  there  offered  her  marriage. 
She  declined  on  the  ground  that,  on  her  way  to  church,  she  had  promised 
Sir  Richard  Clough ! 

'A  popular  tradition  credits  him  with  having  killed  a  mythical  and  much 
dreaded  beast  that  had  its  lair  in  the  cliffs  below  the  castle,  and  having  also  slain 
a  great  white  lioness  with  his  naked  fist  in  the  Tower  of  London,  thus  earning 
for  his  estate  the  name  of  Lleweni,  Llew  being  the  Welsh  for  the  king  of  beasts. 
He  also  overthrew  in  a  wrestling  match  a  famous  giant,  Edward  Shon  David, 
whose  walking-stick  was  the  axle-tree  of  a  cart  with  a  crow-bar  driven  through  it. 
Syr  John,  too,  was  accustomed  to  show  off  his  strength,  when  he  had  no  worthier 
object  for  it,  by  tearing  up  forest  trees  by  the  roots.* — Bradley,  North  Wales. 

^  Sir  T.  Myddleton  was  elected  Lord  Mayor  of  London  on  the  same  day 
that  his  brother  Hugh  opened  the  New  River  Head.  He  had  purchased  the 
estate  of  Chirk  Castle  in  1595. 


-24© 


SALUSBURY 


was  already  known  by  his  poems,  and  that  the  MSS.  of  some  of  the 
poems  are  in  the  Library  of  Christ  Church  in  Oxford.^ 

On  returning  to  Oxford,  through  the  kindness  of  Canon  Cooke, 
I  was  given  the  earliest  possible  opportunity  of  examining  the  two 
volumes  known  as  Christ  Church  MSS.  183  and  184  and  Professor 
Brown's  notes  thereon,  and  then  learnt,  what  has  been  known  to 
Shakespearean  scholars  for  some  years,  that  Shakespeare,  Marston, 
Chapman,  Jonson,  and  '  Ignoto '  contributed  '  Diverse  Poeticall 
Essaies '  on  the  subject  of  the  Phoenix  and  Turtle,  as  a  supplement 
to  a  poem  by  Robert  Chester  entitled  Loves  Martyr,  and  that  the 
whole  collection  was  dedicated  to  Sir  John  Salusbury  of  Lleweni. 

The  personal  association  of  Salusbury  with  the  great  Eliza- 
bethans is  also  shown  by  the  presence  of  a  poem  written  in 
Jonson's  own  hand  among  the  Salusbury  MSS.  at  Christ  Church, 
and  by  the  lines  in  which  Robert  Chester  welcomed  his  patron 
home  from  London,  where 

The  swanns  that  laue  their  blacke  feet  in  the  streames, 
Have  in  their  sweetnes  sang  you  golden  theames : 
Court-bewtefying  Poets  in  their  verse, 
Homerian  like  sweete  stanzoes  did  rehearse. 

Robert  Chester  may  well  have  been  a  member  of  the  Salusbury 
household,  who  knew  Lleweni  and  his  patron's  love  of  flowers. 
Indeed,  in  his  Wynter garla7id  of  Sommer  fflowers  made  m  manner 
of  A  Neweyeares  gyfte  to  the  Right  Worshipfiill  John  Salusbury 
Esq^  of  the  body  to  the  Queenes  most  exelcnt  Maiestye,  Ijg8,^  he 
may  have  drawn  inspiration  from  plants  actually  growing  at 
Lleweni.  He  mentions  twenty-seven  in  thirteen  stanzas  of  his 
poem. 


Jelliflower. 

Venus  Looking  glasse. 

Daphadill. 

Hyacinthus. 

Organy. 

Strawbery. 

Orice. 

Angellica. 

Honysuckle. 

Basill. 

Rose. 

Lauender, 

Ladies  Nauel. 

Virgins  bower. 

Oleander. 

Sweet  Marierome. 

Stickadoue. 

Rosemarye. 

Touchmenot. 

Arkeangell. 

Agnus  Castus. 

Ladies  smock. 

Hartsease. 

Youthwort. 

Ladies  Seale. 

Lady  lacies. 

Yooke  Elme. 

A  selection  of  Sir  John  Salusbury 's  own  poems  was  printed  in 
1597  in  a  small  volume  dedicated  to  him  by  Robert  Parry,  gent., 

1  Carleton  Brown,  Poems  by  Sir  John  Salusbury  and  Robert  Chester.  Bryn 
Mawr  College  Monographs  xiv,  Pennsylvania,  191 3. 
«  MS.  184,  f.  45  a. 


SALUSBURY 


241 


of  which  only  one  copy  is  known.  His  Certaine  Necessary 
observations  For  Healthy  a  poem  illustrating  his  interest  in  practical 
hygiene,  was  printed  as  a  broadside,  of  which  a  copy  is  bound  up 
in  his  'booke  of  notes',  MS.  183  (f.  4),  and  is  dated  (in  MS.)  1596, 
though  a  copy  of  the  poem  itself,  written  by  a  clerkly  hand,  is 
dated  1603  (MS.  184,  f.  77  b).  The  volumes  of  MSS.  contain  many 
verses  in  Welsh,  praising  various  members  of  the  Salusbury  family, 
copies  of  letters  from  Sir  Henry  Sydney,  the  Earl  of  Essex,  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh,  and  other  notabilities,  English  poems  by  Sir  John 
Salusbury  and  his  circle,  a  few  medical  recipes,  and  stray  quotations 
and  verses. 

Sir  John's  own  muse  drew  less  from  a  knowledge  of  plants  than 
did  the  muse  of  Robert  Chester,  though  there  are,  as  in  all  Eliza- 
bethan poetry,  references  to  *  choyse  and  sweetest  flowers ',  sweet 
Briere  and  sweet  Eglantine.  And  one  of  his  verses,  on  Pride, 
entitled  A  Conceite,  ends  with  the  lines 

And  those  that  grow  of  sundry  seeds 
At  last  do  proue  but  stinking  weeds 
And  if  pure  wheat  be  sowde  in  tares 
The  wheat  Assuredly  it  mars. 

finis    John  Salusbury. 

but  they  can  hardly  be  cited  as  showing  exceptional  cultural  lore. 

The  names  of  many  herbes  are  contained  in  his  medical  recipes, 

of  which  the  following  is  a  specimen : 

Tacke  a  certain  amand  milke  mayde  Whit  these  ierbes  Tacke  plantain, 
ribbe  Whorthe,  knott  grasse,  cheaper  purse,  confery  of  evere  one  a  handfull, 
strabury  leaves,  sanicula,  of  evere  one  halfe  a  handefull.  Let  this  by  boylet  in 
a  quantitie  of  faier  Water    of  this  Liquor  macke  an  amand  milke. 

This  is  excelent  against  a  consumcion,  waste,  or  runninge  of  the  raynes,  or 
brekinge  of  a  vayne  &  within  the  boodie,  or  anye  foule  matter  wthin  manes 
boodye.  [Christ  Church  MS.  184,  f.  33' 

^  By  another  hand  in  the  same  volume  is  A  Dietary  for  those  who  have  weak 
backs,  in  ten  4-line  stanzas  : 

1.  Good  sir  yf  you  lack  the  strengthe  in  your  back 

and  wolde  have  a  Remediado 
Take  Eryngo  rootes  and  Marybone  tartes 
Redde  wine  and  riche  Potato. 

2.  An  oyster  pie  and  a  Lobsters  thighe 

hard  eggs  well  drest  in  Marow 
This  will  ease  your  backes  disease 
and  make  you  a  good  Cocksparrowe. 
4.  An  Apricock  or  an  Artichock 
Anchovies  oyle  and  Pepper 
These  to  use  doe  not  refuse 

twill  make  your  backe  the  better. 
10.  The  milke  of  an  Asse  will  bringe  to  passe 
all  thinges  in  such  a  matter. 
When  this  is  spente  you  must  be  contente 
with  an  ounce  of  Synamon  water. 

[Christ  Church  MS.  184,  f.  35 

R 


242 


SALUSBURY 


Sir  John  was  evidently  of  a  most  cheerful  disposition,  and  we 
wish  that  a  page  had  not  been  mutilated  on  which  was  written 

A  notable  sente?tce  iuhe7'e'with  Sir  JoJm  Sahisburye  was  woonte 

to  solace  him  S[elfe. 
Often  with  a  mery  thought,  do  I  myselfe  well  please 
it  is  a  thing  that  coste  me  nought,  yet  dooth  ....  [paper  torn]. 

[Christ  Church  MS.  184,  f.  i 

Three  of  Sir  John's  notes  referring  to  plants  which  he  grew  in 
his  garden  at  Lleweni  are  printed  with  accounts  of  other  garden 
plants  below,  but  his  other  notes  all  refer  to  stations  of  native 
Welsh  plants,  and  are  usually  authenticated  with  the  addition  of 
his  name  in  full,  *  Sir  John  Salusbury,  Knight '.  The  records  are 
the  earliest  known  to  me  for  Denbighshire  and  the  adjoining 
counties. 

The  plants,  though  interesting,  are  not  very  rare  and  had  mostly 
been  localized  by  William  Turner,  or  by  Gerard,  in  England.  The 
locality  for  MattJiiola  siniLata  appears,  however,  to  be  the  earliest 
given  for  this  plant  in  Britain. 

William  Salusbury's  Localities,  c.  1597. 

Radish  {}  Raphamts  sativtis).  Transplanted  by  W.  Salusbury  from  meadow 

adjacent  to  the  Abbey  at  Maenan,  near  mouth  of  the  Llugwy,  to  his  garden 
at  Llanrwst. 

Radish  sp.  Llannefydd  ;  Denbigh  ;  Llantwrog. 

Marsh  Mallow  [Althaea  officinalis').  Llansannan. 
Rest  harrow  [Ononis  spinosa).  Plas  yn  Llewini. 

Gromell  [Lithospermum  officinale).  Denbigh  ;  Whitford  ;  near  Mostyn. 

Chamomile   [Antheinis  sp.).  Llannefydd;   Llewini;   near  Llangollen; 

Dolgelley. 

Mistletoe  [Viscicm  albtwi).  '  I  saw  it  with  berries  in  March  near  the  Bont- 

vaen  near  Chirk,  and  without  berries  all  the  way  to  Ludlow.' 

Fig.  Conway  ;  '  maesglas  yn  tegeingl,  2  m.  from  Holywell.' 

Great  Cat's  tail  [Typha  latifolid).         Whittington  Castle,  2  m.  from  Oswestry. 

Great  Water  Plantain  [Alisnia plantago).  In  a  pool  by  the  great  house  of 

Sir  John  Salusbury  [presumably  at  Lleweni]. 

Rye.  Plas  Llewini  1555. 

Maidenhair  Spleenwort  [Aspienium  irtchotnanes).  Bettws  y  Coed. 

Harts  tongue  fern.  Talacre  in  Flint  ;  in  a  wooded  glen  near  Llannefydd. 

Sir  John  Salusbury's  Localities,  1606-8. 

Papaver  argetnone  L. 

This  hearbe  is  to  be  found  by  Llansanan  hard  by  Ryd  y  Rienn  or  at  Aber 
in  Carnarvonshire. 

Crambe  mariti??ia  L. 

English  Sea  Colewort,  '  by  my  weare  at  Llanddylas  upon  the  Baich  and 
brine  of  the  Sea,  where  there  is  no  Earth  to  be  seene  but  sande  &  pible 
stones'.    In  flower  30  May  1606. 


PLANTS  OF  NORTH  WALES 


243 


Maithiola  sinuaia  Br. 

Purple  sea  stock  Gilloflower,  'by  seaside  by  Sir  John  Salusbury  his  we.ire 
theare  at  Llandulas 

Rubus  Idaeus  L. 

The  RLis[)ie  Bush  or  Hindebery  doth  growe  by  Moelvodiar^  in  Rees 
Tailors  tent- ment  &  in  grove  of  woodde  Kylynlhvyn  behind  the  house  of 
Berain,  where  I  Sir  J  »hn  Salusbury  found  plentie  of  them  growing  wild 
yet  naturally  there.  It  is  also  found  in  Merionethshire,  very  comon  by 
hedge  ows  and  in  th  •  topps  of  old  thatched  houses,  and  so  likewise  in 
the  upp  partes  of  Denbighshire  at  Sputty  and  other  places  thereabouts. 

Rosa  spinosissima  L. 

I  Sir  John  Salusbury  found  the  Rose  Pimpernell  very  comon  in  Garth 
snodnay  Parke  by  Denbighe.    Also  in  Merionethshire. 

Sedum  acre  L. 

Castle  wall  of  Harden  Castle.    J.  S. 

Parnassia  palustris  L. 

Mr.  Tho.  Willi.imes,  Clarke  &:  phision,  sent  it  mee  Sir  John  Salusbury 
Knight,  for  another  hearb.  It  groweth  in  a  meade  of  Sir  John  Winn 
Knight. 

Silaus  pratensis  Bess. 

English  Saxifrage  in  the  Copic  in  Llewenny  parke  next  the  newe  stable 
over  the  high  stile  upon  the  right  hand  of  the  footway  that  leadeth  from 
Llewenny  Hall  to  Denbighe  I  found  it  the  23  Maye  1606. 

Dauais  Carota  L. 

Copic  of  Llewenny  23  Maye  1606. 

Scabiosa  arvensis  L. 

Purple  flowered  Scabious  groweth  neere  St.  Michells  well  or  Fynnon 
Mihangil  by  Carwys,  in  the  field  that  is  above  the  well  named  Blorant,'^ 
in  many  other  places  neere  Skewiog  [Ysceifiog]  Church,  in  the  field 
adioyning  to  rhe  highe  way  upon  the  left  hande  as  you  come  from 
Denbighe  to  the  mountayne  as  you  ride  to  Chester. 

*  Conyza  maior '  ?  =:  Erigeron  acre  L. 

Llewenny. 
Gnaphaliiim  erectum  L. 

Coten  weede  or  Comon  Cudweed  groweth  by  Llewenny  Brewhouse  near 
to  the  Causaye  theare. 

Vacciniiim  myrtillus  L. 

This  groweth  in  most  of  the  montaynes  of  Wales. 
'  Lysimachia  ?ijim??iu/aria  L. 

Herb  twopence.  Newburghe  in  Llewenny  Park  &  in  wood  called 
Kylynllwyn. 

^  Three  miles  west  of  Henllan.  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Edwards,  the  Librarian 
of  Jesus  College,  for  help  with  the  spelling  of  Welsh  place-names  and  for  the 
loan  of  the  Herbal  of  William  Salusbury. 

Blorant  in  Parish  of  Aberwheeler  near  Bodfari. 

R  2 


244 


SALUSBURY 


Erythraea  Centaurium  Pers. 

24  Alay  1606  Llewenny. 
Scrophularia  nodosa  L. 

Groweth  in  the  Orchard  at  Chirck  Castle. 
Digitalis  purpic7-ea  L.  var. 

Foxglove  with  white  flower  growes  in  a  Parke  of  the  Right  Worthy  Sir 
Thomas  Myddelton  called  [?  Castle]  park  [of  Chirck  ?]. 
Veronica  officinalis  L. 

Fluellen       8  Oct.  1609. 
Vero7iica  spicata  L. 
Veronica  serpyllifolia  L. 
Salvia  verbenacea  L. 

Wild  Clarie  in  great  plentie  in  litil  Park  by  the  wall  of  the  Castle  of 
Denbigh. 

Fnmella  vulgaris  L. 

Selfe  heale  or  ye  graite  ynnos  groweth  plentifullie  in  Lleweny  parke  &  the 

white  flowered  Self  heale  is  found  in  a  meadow  of  John  Wyn  mathenor 

of  Lleweny  green. 
Ajuga  repiajis  L. 

Bugle  or  Middle  Comfrey  also  white  flowered  Bugle  I,  Sir  John  Salusbury, 
Knight,  found  both  in  Lleweny  park  in  the  Coppice  adjoining  upon  the 
River  Cloyd  where  the  herbes  Adders  tonge  &  Twiblade  growe  I  found 
them  the  xx**^  of  May  1606  growing  there  plentifullie. 
Plantago  coro?iopus  L. 

Buckeshorne.  Weare  at  Llandulas  on  the  side  of  the  Bancks  neare  the 
weare.    3  May  1606. 

Euphorbia  par  alias  L. 

Sea  Spurge.  Llanddylas  'risinge  furthe  of  the  Sandes  '  and  Baiche  of  the 
Sea  in  very  great  plentie.    30  May  1606. 

Ophrys  ovata  L. 

Twyblade  is  likewise  found  neare  Carrwis  in  a  place  called  Cadnant,  where 
a  faire  well  springeth  called  St.  Michael's  well,  in  Welsh  ffynnon- 
Mihangel.  [And  in  the]  Castle  Park  of  Chirche  in  a  close  next  the  lower 
Barnes  (belonging  to  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Tho:  Myddelton).  Twiblade  are 
found  by  Chambers  wood  in  a  field  called  Ravenscroftes  field  in  Wales 
neare  Denbigh  and  likewise  is  found  hard  by  Cloyde  in  a  field  of 
John  ap  Roberts  of  Pont  Gruffith  &  uppon  the  banks  of  the  river  Wheler. 
neare  the  house  of  the  parson  of  Botuarry.  The  Herbe  Addertonge 
groweth  likewise  in  the  lower  end  of  Ravenscroftes  field. 
Paris  quadrifolia  L. 

Herbe  Paris  is  found  neare  Carrewis  in  a  place  called  Cadnant,  where  a  faire 
well  springeth  called  St.  Michael's  well,  ffynnon  Mihangel  within  a  boult 
shot  of  the  well  down  the  spring,  one  that  side  of  the  water  as  Carewis 
standeth,  where  like  wise  is  found  the  hearb  Twyblade  and  by  reason  of 
the  ranknes  of  the  place  there  are  found  a  greate  store  of  herbe  p.u  is  with 
five  leaves  apeece,  but  the  yeare  1606  I  found  the  same  with  six  leaves. 

Sir  John  states  that  he  planted  them  in  his  garden  in  1608. 


PLANTS  OF  NORTH  WALES 


245 


Opfiioglossicju  vulgatum  L. 

The  Herbe  Addertonge  groweth  likewise  in  the  lower  end  of  Ravenscroftes 
field.    [See  above.] 

Botrychiiim  Lunaria  Sw. 

Lunaria  minor  is  found  in  Cunnygree  of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  John 
Salusburys,  Knight,  lying  betweene  Botuarry  [Bodfari]  &  Carewis,  and 
great  plenty  of  them  are  found  in  Place  y  Chambers  fielde  lying  hard  by 
Snodioge  parke  ^  neare  Denbigh  being  the  highest  &  the  next  field  to  the 
parke  on  the  left  hand  as  you  go  to  Henllan  from  Place  y  Chambers,  in 
a  place  of  Llanywith  called  Ogoyr  graig  uppon  the  side  of  the  banke 
theare,  and  are  found  in  the  littel  park  of  Denbigh  in  the  syde  of  a  hill .  .  . 
[continuation  cut  in  rebinding]. 

Poisonous  Fungi. 

Let  my  advice  perswade  thy  mynde 
not  to  truste  any  of  that  kynde 
such  as  be  takenn  for  the  beaste 
doe  proue  as  poisnusse  as  the  reste." 

J.  S. 

With  these  notes  are  others  concerning  the  medicinal  properties 
of  herbs,  on  which  Sir  John  Salusbury  was  also  an  authority.  But 
in  none  does  he  show  his  wisdom  as  clearly  as  in  two  lines  in  his 
poem  on  Certaine  Necessary  observations  for  Heathy  ^<^^3- 

Apothecaries  shop  of  drugges  let  not  thy  stomack  be  : 

Nor  use  noe  phisick  till  thou  neede,  thy  frende  adviseth  thee. 

vi.  The  MSS.  of  Mathias  de  L'Obel  and  William  How. 

Among  the  papers  which  came  to  Magdalen  College  with  the 
botanical  Library  bequeathed  by  John  Goodyer  in  1664,  were 
some  thousands  of  printed  slips  cut  from  Lobel's  Adversaria^  ^Sl^> 
Observationes,  1576,  and  I  cones  Stirpium,  with  the  authors  cor- 
rections and  MS.  additions.  These  had  evidently  formed  part  of 
a  pasted-up  copy  prepared  by  himself  for  a  projected  work  which 
he  did  not  live  to  publish,  but  from  which  How  printed  a  selection 
under  the  title,  perhaps  the  same  as  the  one  Lobel  himself  would 
have  chosen,  of  Stirpium  llhistrationes. 

The  first  question  that  occurs  to  one  is,  To  what  extent  do  these 
MSS.  throw  light  on  the  life  and  work  of  Lobel? 

Lobel  was  born  in  Flanders  in  1538.  Like  d'Alechamps  (1513- 
1588),  Clusius  (1526-1609),  Pierre  Pena  and  Jean  Eauhin  (1541) 
he  studied  at  Montpelier  under  Guillaume  Rondelet,  who  is  said  to 
have  taken  such  a  liking  to  the  serious  young  student,  that  he 

^  'Snodiog  Park'  is  marked  as  a  round  enclosure  between  Lleweni  and 
Denbigh  in  old  maps  of  the  county. 


246 


LOBEL 


bequeathed  his  botanical  manuscripts  to  him.  In  the  Goodyer 
collection  there  is  a  parchment  cover  that  was  used  to  hold  loose 
papers,  which  bears  evidence  to  the  association,  for  inside  is  written 
Rondelet  de  Febribus.  It  may  have  originally  served  to  contain 
notes  taken  by  Lobel  at  Rondelet's  lectures. 


Some  ten  years  later  we  find  Lobel  living  in  England.  Driven 
from  his  native  land  by  civil  war,  he  described  himself  as  being 
unable  to  make  a  home  on  a  sea  tossed  by  incessant  tempests,  or 
to  indulge  his  peaceful  love  of  gardens  and  flowers  on  lands  watered 
with  human  blood.  He  came  over  to  England  to  produce  his  first 
great  work,  the  Adversaria,  and  in  return  for  English  hospitality 
he  dedicated  the  work  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  The  book  was  printed 
in  London  in  1570.   It  was  our  first  scientific  Botany.   In  Turner's 


LOBEL  AND  COLE 


247 


Hcrball  the  plants  were  arranged  in  alphabetical  order.  In  Lobel 
we  find  the  first  striving  after  a  natural  classification,  and  for  the 
first  time  the  straight-veined  plants,  now  called  Monocotyledons, 
were  partly  separated  from  those  with  net-vcined  leaves  (Dicoty- 
ledons). 

Five  years  later  we  find  him  back  in  his  native  country  and  in 
close  alliance  with  Plantin,  printing  his  Stirphnn  or  Plantarwn 
Historia  illustrated  with  1,486  wood  blocks,  to  which  the  De  Snc- 
cedaneis  of  Rondelet  was  added.  And  six  years  later  he  moved 
to  Delft  to  superintend  a  Dutch  translation  of  his  work,  the  Krnyd- 
boeck  printed  there  in  1581. 

At  the  age  of  fifty-four  he  was  again  in  England,  superintending 
a  Botanical  Garden  which  had  been  established  by  Lord  Zouch 
at  Hackney.  In  this  he  was  probably  in  friendly  rivalry  with 
Gerard,  who,  seven  years  his  junior,  was  cultivating  eleven  hundred 
kinds  of  plants  in  his  garden  in  Holborn.  Lobel  in  fact  prefaced 
the  1596  catalogue  of  Gerard's  garden  with  a  printed  letter  of 
eulogy,  but  a  note  in  his  own  hand  in  the  copy  in  the  British 
Museum  (N.H.),  '  haec  esse  falsissima  M.  Lobel,'  is  distinctly 
unkind.  Dr.  Daydon  Jackson  tells  me  that  this  is  the  only 
specimen  of  Lobel's  handwriting  that  was  known  to  him  before  he 
saw  the  Goodyer  manuscripts. 

About  1606  Lobel  was  honoured  by  being  appointed  King's 
Botanist  to  James  I,  but  feeling  the  weight  of  his  sixty-eight  years, 
retired,  it  is  believed,  to  live  with  his  son-in-law  James  Cole  at 
Highgate.  The  will  of  James  Cole,^  a  document  of  great  interest, 
presents  a  graphic  picture  of  the  wealth  of  Lobel's  son-in-law,  who 
evidently  maintained  intimate  relations  with  the  Low  Countries  to 
his  dying  day.  He  was  engaged  probably  in  the  spinning,  and 
certainly  in  the  importation  of  silk  into  this  countrj^  He  left  his 
house  at  Highgate  to  his  wife  Louisa,  then  to  Abraham  Bush,  his 
sister's  son.  His  house  in  Lyme  St.,  held  on  lease  from  the 
Carpenters'  Company,  he  left  to  his  nephews  Henry  and  Peter  Cole, 
and  Henry  was  also  to  have  a  '  gilte  cuppard  with  the  arms  of 
Antwerpe  graven  therein '  and  his  chain  of  gold.    To  Abr.  Bush 

^  Will  (P.  C.  C.  Barrington  42)  written  on  six  leaves  of  paper,  dated  31  Dec. 
1627,  with  a  codicil  witnessed  by  Eliz.  van  de  Bossche  and  Louise  Cool,  proved 
May  1628.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  one  day  a  more  complete  account  of  Lobel's 
relations  will  be  forthcoming.  In  addition  to  James  Cole,  he  mentions  another 
son-in-law  Ludovic  Myres,  an  authority  on  pharmacy,  Abraham  Hoguebat, 
pharmacist,  son  of  his  second  wife,  and  Michael  de  Lannoy  '  affinis  meus  His 
second  wife  may  have  been  related  to  the  Hugobert  mentioned  by  Goodyer, 
cf.  p.  59.    Was  de  Lannoy  synonymous  with  de  Laune  ? 


248  LOBEL 

'  all  my  bookes  ^  as  well  concerning  my  Latin  studies,  as  picturenge 
with  all  my  printes,  little  pictures,  shells,  marbers,  statues,  and  all 
my  antiquities  and  old  Coines  and  such  like  rarities  commonly  shutt 
within  my  Counting  House  in  Lyme  St.'  To  numerous  friends 
and  relations  with  Dutch  names  he  bequeathed  silver  cups  and 
pieces  of  plate. 

Under  Cole's  roof  Lobel  probably  added  the  last  touches  to 
a  compilation,  the  manuscript  of  which  is  now  before  us,  and  which 
we  may  call  the  Stirpiu77i  Ilhistrationes.  The  date  of  the  work  is 
settled  by  the  imprimatur  which  bears  the  signature  of  Thomas 
Moundeford  in  his  official  capacity  of  President  of  the  College  of 
Physicians.    He  filled  this  post  from  i6t2  to  1614. 

The  original  testimonials  with  which  Lobel  had  provided  himself 
for  two  of  his  works  are  still  extant.  They  are  both  from  the 
College  of  Physicians,  and  are  signed  by  the  most  eminent  doctors 
in  London.  The  names  on  the  earlier  document  take  us  back 
a  long  way,  to  1605,  two  years  before  Harvey  became  a  Fellow  of 
the  College.    The  signatures  are  headed  by : 

Thomas  Langton'^as  President;  then  follow  John  Craig,"' who  is  said 
to  have  given  Napier  a  hint  that  led  to  the  invention  of  logarithms; 
Sir  William  Paddy,"^  Sir  T.  Turquet  de  Mayerne,^  Henry  Atkins,^ 

^  Two  of  James  Cole's  books  are  known  to  me.  One  a  Dodoens  in  the 
Goodyer  collection ;  the  other,  Clusius,  Per  Hispanias,  formerly  in  the  British 
Museum,  but  turned  out  as  a  duplicate  in  1769,  and  now  in  the  possession  of 
my  friend  Dr.  Daydon  Jackson.  Both  books  have  his  signature  Jacobi  Colei  on 
the  title-page. 

2  Thomas  Langton,  M.D.  Cantab.  F.R.C.P.  1581 ;  President,  1604,  5,  6. 
d.  i6c6. 

2  John  Craig,  M.D.  of  Bale.  First  Physician  to  James  VI  of  Scotland. 
F.R.C.P.  1604.    He  attended  James  I  in  his  last  illness. 

^  Sir  W.  Paddy,  M.D.,  of  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  where  a  monument 
records  his  great  benefactions  to  the  College.  Physician  to  James  I.  President 
of  the  College  of  Physicians,  1609-11,  and  in  1618. 

^  Sir  Theodore  de  Mayerne,  M.D.     b.  Geneva  1573,  d.  1655;  M.D. 
Montpelier  1597  ;  F.R.C.P.  1616.    Physician  to  Anne  of  Denmark,  Charles 
and  Charles  II. 

'  Henry  Atkins.  President  of  the  College  of  Physicians,  on  seven  occasions^ 
1606-25.  He  started  with  the  naval  expedition  of  1597  as  physician  to  the  Earl 
of  Essex,  but  was  so  bad  a  sailor  that  he  had  to  be  put  ashore  at  Plymouth,  and 
the  College  was  ordered  by  the  Queen  to  select  another  medical  man  to  accompany 
the  expedition.  The  choice  fell  on  Dr.  Moundeford.  Dr.  Atkins  was  chosen  by 
James  I  to  fetch  his  younger  son,  subsequently  Charles  I,  then  an  infant  from 
Scotland,  d.  1635.  His  will  has  recently  been  acquired  by  the  College  of 
Physicians. 


Jl 


1 1 


yjiartiiitis . 


OLD   TESTIiAIONIAL   TO  LOBEL 


Signed  by  the  President  of  the  College  of  Physicians 
and  by  other  eminent  Doctors 


SONNIlT    dedicated   to   lob  el   by  MAES 


TESTIMONIALS 


249 


Richard  Forster,^  William  Baronsdale,-^  Thomas  Frear;'  William 
Dun/  D.  Scllin,^  Francis  Hering,^  Matthew  Gwinne,'  all  in  Munk's 
Roll  of  the  College.  Gilbert  Primrose,  though  not  on  the  Roll^ 
was  the  father  of  James  Primrose  who  was  ;  J.  Nasmyth,^  sur^^eon 
to  James  VI  of  Scotland,  had  only  recently  arrived  in  London 
in  attendance  on  his  royal  patron.  Gwinne's  Vertiinmtis  was  acted 
at  Magdalen  College  in  1607.  Nasmyth  had  already  presented 
Lobel  with  some  plants  which  the  latter  had  already  acknowledged 
in  print.  This  testimonial  was  accompanied  by  a  eulogistic  Sonnet 
written  by  Jan  Maes.  Neither  testimonial  nor  sonnet  appear  to  have 
been  published. 

The  later  testimonial  is  signed  by  Thomas  Moundeford,^  Presi- 
dent, Henry  Atkins,  Richard  Forster,  Thomas  Friar,  Mark  Ridley,^*' 

1  Richard  Forster,  M..D.,  of  All  Souls  College.  F.R.C.P.  about  1575  ; 
President,  1601-3,  and  161 5.  Author  of  Epheinerides  Meteorologicae,  ad  aiinum 
1575,  secimdtan  posituin  Finitoris  Londoni.  8vo  Lond.  1575.  When  out 
walking  with  Dr.  Herring  and  Lobel  he  found  a  new  grass,  '  Gramen  supinum 
Monspeliense  inter  Islington  et  altam  portam,  vernacule  Highgate'.  (Lobel.) 

2  William  Baronsdale,  M.D.,  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge.  President 
of  the  College  of  Physicians,  1589-1600.    He  died  before  7  June  1608. 

3  Thomas  Fryer,  M.D.  of  Padua,  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  F.R.C.P. 
1572.    He  incorp.  Doctor  of  Physic  at  Oxford,  28  Feb.  1623. 

*  William  Dunne,  of  Exeter  College.  F.R.C.P.  1592.  Died  before 
16  May  1607. 

^  Daniel  Selin,  M.D.,  of  Magdalene  and  Christ's  Colleges,  Cambridge. 
F.R.C.P.  1599.    d.  161 5. 

^  Francis  Herring,  M.D.,  of  Christ's  College,  Cambridge.    F.R.C.P.  1599. 

He  was  present  at  the  finding  of  '  Gramen  supinum  Monspeliense '  between 
Islington  and  Highgate.  and  wrote  a  Latin  poem  Epigrannjia  in  Opera  novissima 
VObelii  as  a  mark  of  his  'love  and  friendship',  which  was  printed  at  the 
end  of  Lobel's  Aniviadversiones  in  G.  Rondelletii  Phai'inaceuticam  Officinam. 
Lond.  1605. 

Matthew  Gwinne,  M.D.,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  College,  Oxford.  F.R.C.P. 
1605;   First  Gresham  Professor  of  Physic,  1598-1607  ;  author  of  the  Latin 
comedy  Veriu?nn7{s,  acted  before  James  I  at  Magdalen  College,    d.  1627. 
^  James  Nasmyth.    Surgeon  and  Botanist  to  James  L 

Provided  Lobel  with  new  drawings  of '  Hyacinthus  stellatus  Peruanus '  and 
'  Narcissus  Indicus  rubro  flore  one  of  Robin's  new  plants.  Lobel,  Adv.  alt. 
p.  482.    He  evidently  had  a  garden  in  which  he  grew  and  flowered 

Frittillaria  nigra  Pyrenaea.    1605.    Lobel,  Adv.  alt.  p.  496. 

Crocus  Byzantinus  serotinus  candidus.    p.  498. 

Colchicum  minimum  tenuifolium  Gallaecium.    p.  500. 

Plantago  Umbilicata.  Staghorn  fern.  {^Platycerhim  aethiopicus).  p.  506. 
1604-5. 

^  Thomas  Moundeford,  M.D.,  of  Cambridge.  Pres.  R.  C.  P.  161 2-1 4, 
1621-3. 

Mark  Ridley,  ALA.,  of  Clare  Hall.    F.R.C.P.  1594.    Died  before  1624. 


LOBEL 


Edward  Lister,^  Richard  Palmer,^  John  Argent,^  and  Matthew 
Gwynn.  It  was  printed  by  How  in  1655  together  with  an  original 
letter  from  Dr.  Argent,  who  will  always  be  remembered  for  having 
obtained  from  Bermuda  the  original  bunch  of  Bananas,  which  was 
exhibited  in  Johnson's  shop  on  Snow  Hill. 

Lobel  died  in  i6i6  (four  years  before  the  birth  of  his  editor, 
William  How).  James  Cole  inherited  his  manuscripts,  and  Parkin- 
son, when  collecting  all  available  material  for  his  Theatriim  botani- 


SlGNATURES  TO  LOBEL'S  SECOND  TESTIMONIAL. 


cuni^  was  undoubtedly  permitted  to  see  some  or  all  of  them. 
Lobel  wrote  in  Latin  :  Parkinson  w^ould  therefore  have  had  to 
translate,  and  a  strict  sense  of  honesty  in  the  obligation  to  make 
acknowledgement  may  have  become  blunted  in  the  process:  he 
merely  mentioned  Lobel's  help  in  general  terms,  for  Lobel  was 
a  foreigner,  dead,  and  perhaps  no  one  cared, 

^  Edward  Lister,  M.D.,  King's  College,  Cambridge.  F.R.C.P.  1593. 
Physician  in  ordinary  to  Queen  Elizabeth  and  James  I.    d.  1620. 

-  Richard  Palmer,  M.D.,  of  Christ's  College.  Took  part  in  the  consultation 
at  the  death-bed  of  Henry,  Prince  of  Wales. 

^  John  Argent,  M.D.,  of  Peterhouse.  F.R.C.P.  1597;  President,  1625-7, 
29-33-  May  1643.  -^^  autograph  letter  from  him  to  Lobel  is  among  the 
Goodyer  MSS.    He  is  remembered  for  his  enterprise  in  causing  his  man  to 


WILLIAM  HOW 


Ten  years  later  William  How,  a  young  doctor  of  St.  John's 
College,  Oxford,  was  assiduously  collecting  notes  for  the  first 
British  Flora.  Concise  in  the  choice  of  its  information  and  scrupu- 
lous in  its  duty  of  quoting  authorities,  the  Phytologia  Britannica 
of  How  was  the  antithesis  to  the  Thcatrtim  of  Parkinson.  It  w  as 
printed  in  1650,  almost  certainly  before  the  author  had  acquired 
the  Lobel  MSS.  About  22  Jan.  1651  Lobel  MSS.,  or  some  of  them, 
appear  to  have  been  in  the  hands  of  a  man  of  learning,^  who  then 
copied  out  many  Latin  descriptions  of  plants  (Goodyer  MS.  ^, 
ff.  104-21). 

How  was  a  most  indefatigable  hunter  after  exact  localities  of 
plants.  He  would  have  searched  the  Theatriim  in  vain  for  informa- 
tion which  he  afterwards  found  clearly  given  in  Lobel's  MS.,  and 
which  he  would  have  assuredly  included  in  Xh^  Phytologia^  had  only 
Parkinson  quoted  authorities  :  and  Parkinson  had  still  further 
transgressed  by  taking  Lobel's  credit  of  priority  to  himself. 

This  appears  to  be  one  explanation  of  the  violence  of  How's 
criticisms  of  Parkinson's  lapse  from  the  higher  standards  of  literary 
honesty.  My  friend  Dr.  Church  has  suggested  another  motive 
which  might  well  repay  a  more  extended  inquiry.  Parkinson  was 
a  Puritan,  whereas  How  was  probably,  like  Goodyer  and  his  friends, 
a  Royalist. 

It  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  How's  first  idea  after  realizing 
the  originality  of  Lobel's  work  was  to  publish  it  iii  ioto.  It  was, 
however,  in  Latin,  and  the  market  had  already  been  spoilt  by  the 
appearance  of  two  popular  works,  Johnson's  Gerard  emaculattcs  in 
1633  and  Parkinson's  Theatrtivi  in  1640,  and  no  publisher  would 
undertake  a  third. 

Yet  Lobel's  '  volumes  were  compleat.  The  Title  !  Epistles !  and 
Diploma  affix'd  '.  How,  indignant  that  Parkinson  had,  as  he  put  it, 
'  murdered  his  (Lobel's)  genuine  scrutiny  in  treacherous  oblivion,' 
and  perhaps  dimly  conscious  that  his  time  for  work  through  failing 

follow  the  roots  of  a  species  of  '  Pease  '  by  scrapping  away  the  beach  between 
Orford  and  Aldborough,  '  vntill  hee  got  some  equal!  in  length  vnto  his  height, 
yet  could  come  to  no  ends  of  them*.  Ger.  ei7iac.  125 1.  And  during  the  last 
year  of  his  Presidency  of  the  College  of  Physicians,  he  gave  Johnson  the  first 
bunch  of  Bananas  that  was  ever  exhibited  in  a  London  shop.    Ger.  einac.  15 15. 

^  The  handwriting  of  the  unknown  commentator  is  characterized  by  the 
frequent  use  of  scrolls.  We  have  noted  it  in  Goodyer  MSS.  8  and  9  and  in 
Goodyer's  copy  of  Parkinson's  Theatrum,  and  have  evidence  that  the  writer 
was  closely  associated  with  Goodyer  about  1650  to  1659.  There  is  reason  to 
believe  that  the  writer  was  Goodyer's  friend  and  neighbour,  Dr.  John  Dale 
of  East  Meon  and  of  Long  Acre  in  London,  who  died  in  1662. 


252 


LOBEL 


health  was  short,  made  a  selection  of  Lobel's  descriptions  under  the 
title  Stirphtm  Illiistrationes  ;  pliirimas  elabor antes  inatiditas plantas 
subreptitiis  loh:  Parkinsoni  rapsodiis  {ex  codice  MS.  insalutatd) 
sparsim  gravatae.  The  work  was  printed  by  Thos.  Warren  for  Jos. 
Kirton  of  St.  Paul's  Churchj^ard  in  1655.^ 

We  have  the  original  manuscript  from  which  the  book  was 
printed  before  us,  with  the  excerpts  from  Lobe),  with  How's 
additions  pasted  or  pinned  thereto,  and  the  leaves  of  the  MS. 
exactly  as  they  were  marked  for  the  compositor,  and  returned  by 
the  printers  to  the  editor. 

After  How's  early  death  on  30  Aug.  1656.  his  own  annotated 
copy  of  the  Phyiologia  passed  to  John  Goodyer  on  30  Apr.  1659, 
and  with  it  probably  the  Lobel  MSS.  as  well,  but  too  late  for  them 
to  be  of  real  use,  for  Goodyer's  working  life  was  drawing  to  a  close. 
Except  for  their  disarray  through  having  been  ungummed  and 
misplaced,  we  may  assume  the  papers  to  be  in  the  state  in  which 
How  left  them. 

In  this  volume  there  are  thirty-seven  leaves. 

First  comes  the  original  imprimatur  with  the  signatures  of 
Tho.  Moundeford,  the  President  of  the  College  of  Physicians^  and 
of  eight  other  members.  Then  the  Preface,  with  many  lines  erased 
in  Lobel  s  hand,  and  some  eulogistic  verses  by  Alexander  Rhedus 
of  which  the  last  eight  lines  were  not  printed.  Next  follow  some 
introductory  remarks  by  How,  and  his  Index  and  list  of  erratula 
in  his  own  hand. 

Then  Lobel's  descriptions  of  223  kinds  of  plants,  a  large  number 
of  which  were  apparently  claimed  by  Parkinson  as  his  own  dis- 
coveries. How's  notes,  which  appear  in  small  type  near  the  margin 
of  his  printed  book,  are  intercalated  in  the  Lobel  MS.,  and  show 
that  the  selection  and  arrangement  of  the  volume  was  entirely  the 
work  of  How,  and  not  of  Lobel. 

How  evidently  had  Lobel's  materials  for  the  larger  book  before 
him.  He  cut  out  the  descriptions  which  appeared  to  him  to  be  of 
the  greatest  importance.  There  are  also  included  original  letters 
from  Joannes  de  Monnel'^  and  from  John  Argent,  dated 
'Wood  Street  2  June  1608',  and  also  notes  on  various  plants  from 
Montpellier  communicated  by,  and  apparently  in  the  handwriting 
of,  Pellisserius.     At  the  end  is  one  leaf  of  aixapTrnxara  in  How's 

^  John  Goodyer  received  his  copy  on  19  February  1654. 

^  John  Monnel  of  Tournay  was  a  correspondent  of  Clusius.  Parkinson 
associates  him  with  'Anagallis  tenuifolia  fl.  coeruleo '  which  he  received  from 
Cadiz  and  grew  in  his  garden  at  Tournay.    Theatrum,  p.  559. 


STIRPIUM  ILLUSTRATIONES 


253 


autograph,  in  which  more  than  a  score  of  Parkinson's  errors  arc 
pointed  out. 

The  remainder  of  Lobel's  materials  and  the  manuscript  of  his 
projected  Sth-piiim  Illitstratioiies  have  now  been  bound  in  three 
volumes,  for  convenience  in  handling. 

Volume  I  contains  the  classification  and  description  of  223  kinds 
of  grasses.  Lobel  had  evidently  become  acquainted  with  a  great 
many  more  species  than  the  some  forty-five  he  knew  when  he 
printed  his  Historia  plantariim  in  1576.  But  evidently  the  very 
novelty  of  the  ne*ver  descriptions  has  brought  about  the  spoiling 
of  the  MS. — from  which  How  cut  out  accounts  of  ninety-eight 
different  grasses,  for  his  book  printed  in  1655. 

Lobel  had  evidently  worked  hard  at  his  grasses.  The  different 
kinds  described  have  been  numbered  and  renumbered  in  some 
cases  four  times  over,  and  many  alterations  have  been  made  in 
the  MS. 

The  last  fourteen  leaves  of  this  volume  are  from  a  pasted-up 
copy  of  the  Adversaria  which  has  been  much  cut  about. 

Vols.  2  and  3  are  built  up  out  of  a  further  portion  of  the 
pasted-up  copy  of  the  Adversaria^  the  leaves  of  two  copies  of  the 
1576  edition  being  pasted  on  leaves  of  paper.  The  greater  part 
of  the  text  has  been  struck  out,  and  marginal  references  to  the 
pages  of  the  Observationes,  1576,  have  been  added.  In  vol.  2 
the  leaves  have  been  roughly  numbered  by  How  (?)  i  to  134,  and 
in  vol.  3  the  leaves  run  from  135  to  251.  The  plants  are  numbered 
up  to  No.  835. 

Between  the  leaves  so  prepared  he  intercalated  the  leaves  of 
a  printed  copy  of  the  Observationes  (edit.  1576),  and  between  them 
again  the  illustrations  from  his  1591  edition  of  Icones  Stirpiiim 
printed  by  Plantin.  In  many  cases  the  page-margins  are  filled 
with  Lobel's  additional  MS.  notes  on  the  plants. 

There  are  no  references  to  Goodyer,  nor  traces  of  his  handwriting, 
on  these  Lobel  MSS. 

vii.  William  Mount  and  his  Records  of  Kentish 
Plants  in  1582-4. 

Am.ong  the  books  in  the  Goodyer  Library  are  two  editions 
of  the  Icones  Stirpiiim  by  Lobel,  printed  by  the  Plantin  press. 
The  earlier  copy  of  1581,  according  to  a  note  on  the  title-page,  was 
purchased  by  '  Gulielmus  Mowntuus'for  19  shillings  on  May  20, 
.1582.  This  note  was  written  by  Mount  himself,  and  his  initials, 
'W.  M.',  are  stamped  upon  the  leather  binding.    Several  notes, 


MOUNT 


written  in  the  margins  of  the  illustrations,  appear  to  have  been 
added  by  him  within  a  few  months  of  his  acquiring  the  volume. 
In  this,  the  earlier  of  the  two  volumes,  there  are  no  notes  by 
Goodyer ;  but  in  the  later  edition  of  1591,  containing  no  notes  in 
Mount's  hand,  there  are  numerous  notes  by  Goodyer,  including 
copies  by  him  of  all  Mount's  notes  on  plants  growing  in  Kent, 
taken  from  the  copy  of  1581. 

It  seems  likely  that  Goodyer  having  first  acquired  the  later 
edition,  copied  Mount's  notes  into  it,  perhaps  borrowing  them  for 
the  purpose.  He  subsequently  obtained  possession  of  the  earlier 
copy  and  owned  both  volumes  before  1633. 

It  has  been  ascertained^  that  Mount  was  born  at  Mortlake  in 
1 545,  was  educated  at  Eton  and  King's  College,  Cambridge,  of 
which  he  was  admitted  scholar,  in  1563  and  fellow  in  1566.  He 
resigned  his  fellowship  before  Lady  Day  1570.  It  appears  that 
he  owed  much  to  the  patronage  of  Secretary  Sir  Thomas  Smith 
and  Lord  Burghley.^  In  a  letter  addressed  to  Sir  William  Cecil  on 
20  Oct.  1567,  he  professes  his  great  satisfaction  in  being  placed 
at  the  University  under  the  patronage  of  the  former,  his  '  most 
honoured  Mecaenas '.  Medicine  was  the  first  object  of  his  studies: 
later  he  took  orders  and  was  appointed  Master  of  the  Savoy  in 
January  1593-4,  and  died  in  December  1602. 

It  was  known  that  Mount  had  taken  considerable  interest  in  the 
making  of  distilled  waters,  an  art  which  he  probably  learnt  as  part 
of  his  medical  studies,  and  that  he  had  written  some  Latin  verses 
prefixed  to  Lobel's  Balsamic  Opobalsami,  Carpobalsami  et  Xylo- 
balsami  explanatio  in  1598,  but  he  has  not  as  yet  received  from 
botanists  the  credit  which  he  deserves  of  having  been  the  first  to 
record  the  provenance  of  several  plants  in  the  county  of  Kent,  nor 
for  his  knowledge  of  the  construction  of  perpetual  calendars. 

In  the  collection  of  medical  books  which  my  friend  the  late 
Sir  William  Osier  bequeathed  to  M°Gill  University,  there  is  a 
manuscript  to  which  Mr.  Craster  has  recently  drawn  my  attention  . 
it  throws  a  new  light  on  the  knowledge  of  the  Kentish  botanist. 
It  is  '  A  shorte  declaration  of  the  meaning  and  use  of  a  perpetuall 
calendare  or  almanack  '  by  W[illiam]  M[ount].  in  eleven  chapters, 
with  dedicatory  preface  to  Sir  Thomas  Bromley,  Lord  Chancellor 
of  England,  whose  chaplain  the  writer  was,  and  whose  arms  are 
blazoned  in  colour  on  p.  vi.  The  work,  which  is  the  author's 
holograph,  is  illustrated  by  coloured  tables  and  diagrams.  Three 

^  Cooper,  AtJie7iae  Cantab,  ii,  p.  271. 
Calejidar  State  Papers  Domestic^  1547-80,  pp.  294,  301. 


FLORA  OF  KENT 


255 


of  the  latter  contain  the  arms  respectively  of  the  Universities  of 
Cambridge  and  Oxford,  and  of  Queen  Margaret  of  Anjou,  foundress 
of  Queen  s  College,  Cambridge. 

It  was  written  by  William  Mount  in  1583;  and  the  hand  is 
identical  with  that  in  which  the  entries  in  Goodycr's  copy  of  Lobel's 
hones  at  Magdalen  College,  are  written. 

Mount's  botanical  localities  were  mostly  within  four  miles  west 
and  north-west  of  Maidstone,  indicating  that  he  was  living  in  Kent 
in  i5<Si  at  Kast  Mailing,  where  he  had  an  orchard.  And  even  in 
the  case  of  plants  for  which  Mount  gives  no  localities,  it  may  safely 
be  assumed  that  he  was  referring  to  specimens  growing  near  his 
Kentish  home.  His  notes  appear  to  have  been  written  between 
158:2  and  1584.  The  plants  which  he  may  then  have  observed  in 
Kent,  and  for  which  his  are  the  earliest  references,  are  about  thirty- 
three  in  number.  Of  these  thirty-three  plants  we  find  that  Gerard, 
who  wrote  thirteen  years  later  than  Mount,  mentions  only  eight, 
and  to  these  Johnson  adds  only  eleven  more  in  his  various  works 
printed  1629  to  1633,  forty-five  and  more  years  later.  These  notes 
of  William  Mount,  therefore,  constitute  an  important  contribution  to 
a  first  Flora  of  Kent,^  with  a  few  notes  on  the  virtues  of  imported 
garden  and  medicinal  plants ;  and  it  must  be  remembered  that  they 
were  compiled  in  days  when  the  idea  of  local  floras  was  as  yet 
unknown. 

The  modern  names  of  some  of  the  plants  for  which  he  has 
recorded  dates  and  localities  are  included  in  the  following  lists. 

NATIVE  PLANTS. 

Modern  Names. 

Poa  pratensis,  L. 
Poa  trivialis,  L.  (?) 
Eragrostis  major,  Host. 
Phleum  pratense,  L.,  var.  nodosum 
Carex  acuta,  L. 
Juncus  acutiflorus,  Ehrh. 

^  I  have  found  some  other  references  to  plants  dating  from  the  sixteenth 
century  in  a  copy  of  Lyte's  Herbal^  1578,  belonging  to  the  Radclifife  Trustees  in 
Oxford.  Two  of  the  notes  certainly  refer  to  Kent,  possibly  the  others  may  too. 
There  was  a  Smallbrydge  in  the  manor  of  Horsmonden. 

Ground  pyne  {Aju^a  Chamaepithys  L.)  Muxuriat  in  Cantio 

Rhus  sylvestris  Plin.  {Myrica  Gale  L.)  '  Canterberyie  Call  and  Cole  *. 

Rhamnus  {Rhainnus  catharticus  L.)  '  au  pres  de  la  forest  de  Hatiele  '  (?). 

Buckthorne  {Hippophae  Rhainnoides  L.)  '  au  pres  de  small  bregge '. 

Plane  [Platamts  orientalis  L.).    Planted  in  England  'at  Small  brege'. 
The  signature  of  the  recorder  is  doubtless  on  the  title-page,  but  it  has  been 
obUterated  by  over-scribbling. 


Localities  recorded  by       First  printed 
Mount  c.  Y^Zi.  records. 

Gerard,  1597. 

Ger.  1597. 

Mount's  '  Alderes '.  Johnson,  1629. 
East  Mailing.  Curtis,  1670. 

Snodland.  Johnson,  1632. 


256 


MOUNT 


Moderfi  A\wtcs. 

Hordeum  murinum,  L. 
Luzula  vernalis,  DC. 
Eleocharis  uniflorus,  Reichenb.  (?) 
Triticum  repens. 
Agropyrum  junceum,  Beauv.  (?) 
Cynodon  Dactylon,  Pers.  ^ 
or  [ 
Digitaria  glabra.  ) 
Sparganium  ramosum,  Huds. 
Narcissus  pseudo-narcissus,  L. 

Scilla  autumnalis,  L.  (?) 
Allium  ursinum,  L. 
Bupleurum  rotundifolium,  L. 
Coronopus  Ruellii,  All. 
Stellaria  media,  Vill. 
Lysimachia  Nummularia,  L. 
Rhinanthus  Crista-galli,  L. 
Digitalis  purpurea,  L. 
Tussilago  Farfara,  L. 
Nymphaea  lutea,  L. 
Bryonia  dioica,  L. 
Tamus  communis,  L. 
Potentilla  anserina,  L. 
Pedicularis  palustiis,  L. 
Fumaria  officinalis,  L. 
Ceterach  officinarum,  Willd. 
Botrychium  Lunaria,  Sw. 

Asplenium  Ruta-muraria,  L. 
Rhamnus  catharticus,  L. 


Localities  recorded  by 

Mount  c.  1582. 
About  London. 
Mount's  Orchard. 
Sandwich,  Dover. 
Addington. 
Addington. 

Addington,  1581. 

Leybourne. 

'Very  common',  prob. 

in  Kent. 
Sea-coasts  of  England. 
Wrotham. 


Common. 


East  Mailing. 

Maidstone.  1583. 
Blackheath  ;  near 
Rochester. 

Dover-Folkestone,  1 582. 


Fii'st  printed 

records. 
Turner,  1548. 
Ger.  1597. 

Ger.  1597. 

Ray,  1688. 

Hooker,  1829. 
Johnson,  1629. 
Ray,  1724. 

Park.  1629. 
Martyn,  1763. 
Johnson,  1629. 
Ger.  1597. 
Turner,  1735. 
Johnson,  1632. 
Johnson,  1629. 
Johnson,  1632. 
Johnson,  1629. 
Jacob,  1777. 
Johnson,  1629. 
Johnson,  1629. 
Johnson,  1629. 
Merrett,  1667. 
Ger.  1597. 
Park.  1640. 
Lobel,  1570. 

Ger.  1597. 
Ger.  1597. 


GARDEN  AND  EXOTIC  PLANTS, 

Zea  Mays,  L.  Morgan's  garden. 

Acorus  Calamus,  L.  D.  Penny's  garden. 

^,       ,  .    T  '>  Morgan's  garden,  1578. 

Gladiolus  communis,  L.  j  ^^^^.^^  '^^^^^^^^  ^  ^g^^ 

Crocus  sativus,  L.  Saffron  Walden. 

Colchicum  autumnale,  L.  Mount's  garden,  15S3  ;  and  at  Bath. 

Saponaria  Vaccaria,  L.  Lord  Abergavenny's  garden,  1584. 

Ipomaea  Jalapa.  Root  used  medicinally  in  England,  1580. 
Anthriscus  cerefolium. 


The  Manuscript  Notes  of  William  Mount. 

On  Title-Page. 

'  Gulielmus  Mowntuus      19^.      Maij  2c.  1582.' 

Page. 

I.  Gramen  pratense.  Foa pratense  L.* 

^  Great  leavyd  Medowe  grasse  very  vulger.' 
I.  Gramen  minus.  Foa  irivlalis  L.  (?) 

'The  lesser  vulger  Grasse.' 

^  Lobel's  illustrations  of  these  grasses  have  been  determined  by  Dr.  Stapf, 
who  notes  that  they  are  *  mostly  too  crude  for  us  to  name  from  them  critically, 
and  Mount  would  not  have  been  in  a  better  position,  except  perhaps  in  so  far 
as  he  may  have  been  supported  by  some  tradition  that  is  lost  to  us '. 


PLANTS  OF  KENT  1582-4 


257 


7.  Gramen  paniculosum  Phalarioides.  Eragrostis  major  Host.* 

'  Grasse  called  in  Surrey,  braunched  grasse  in  Coarne  :  and  in 
orchardes,  &  shaddowye  places  usually  mowen.  They  seathe  y^  in 
water  w^li  purselane  and  small  Peysons  for  wormes,  in  the  sommer 
tyme,  and  gyve  y*  commonly  to  very  younge  chylderen.' 

10.  Gramen  typhinum.  Phleum pratense  L.,  var.  nodosum. 

*  An  other  Sedge  Grasse  in  watery  moyste  places  in  my  Alderes 
&  (?)  muche.' 

11.  Gramen  palustre  maius.  Carex  acuta  L. 

'The  sharpe  edge  grasse  flaggis  he  in  black  brookes  [in  Est 
mallinge]  growinge  in  Tuffettes,  very  Common.' 

12.  Gramen  aquaticum  alterum.  Juncus  acutiflorus  Ehrl. 

'  Ponde  grasse  growinge  in  a  Ponde  in  Snodelande,  w^h  ys  some- 
tyme  allmoste  drye.' 

13.  Panici  effigie,  Gramen  simplici  spica.  Hordeum  murinum  \,} 

*  Barley  grasse  :  because  yt  resembleth  Barleye  in  hye  wayes, 
and  pathes  about  London.' 

16.  Gramen  hirsutum  nemorosum.  Luzula  vernalis  DC. 

'  Hearye  or  hoarye  Grasse  in  my  orcharde.' 

17.  Gramen  iunceum  marinum  dense  stipatum. 

Eleocharis  uniflorus  Reichenb.  (?)  ^ 
'  Pusshye  grasse :   in  the  sandes   by   the   Castles  betweene 
Sandwyche  and  Douer  (in  Kent).' 
20.  Gramen  Canarium.  Triticum  repens  L 

'  In  all  places  where  the  wryters  use  this  worde  :  Gramen  :  It 
ys  to  be  understoode  y*  they  meane  Quycke  or  Couche  grasse, 
whereof  there  be  dyverse  kyndes  well  knowen.  The  best  in  my 
opynyon  hathe  longe  greate  rootes  creeping  in  lengthe  ij  yeardes 
greater  than  wheate  strawes  full  of  ioyntes  agroinge  wth  ye  shape, 
fol*'.  23.  Yt  groweth  in  Addington  in  Kent  in  the  sandy  drye 
dustie  hye  wayes  there.  The  same  prevayleth  against  the  straw, 
and  against  wormes  in  my  experience.' 

22.  Gramen  caninum  longius  radicatum  marinum  alterum. 

?  Agropyrum  junceum  Beauv. 
'  Of  Dogges  Grasse,  or  Couche  grasse,  thus  writeth  Poena,  and 
Lobell,  fol.  2.  ...  I  have  used  the  Grasse  with  ye  great  roote, 
growinge  in  sandye  wayes  set  downe  here,  fol^.  23  :  growinge 
in  Addington  in  Kent  and  doe  fynde  yt  muche  better  then  the 
usuall  Couche  grasse.    W'":  Mount.' 

23.  Gramen  caninum  alterum. 

Cynodon  Dactylo7i  Pers.,  or  Digit  aria  glabra  Beauv. 
'  Quyche  grasse  growinge  in  sandye  wayes  the  very  trewe 
Cowche  grasse  whereof  the  Phisiciones  wryte.    It  groweth  in  the 
sandy  hie  waye  plentifuUye  betweene  Wrothame  and  Addington 
*  Dr.  Stapf  writes :  *  How  this  came  to  be  noted  down  for  Kent  is  a  puzzle, 
unless  he  saw  it  in  a  garden.    Tabernaemontanus  says  it  was  grown  in  gardens, 
and  as  it  had  an  old  popular  name  "  amourette  ",  it  may  not  have  been  unknown 
in  English  gardens  of  the  period.' 

^  The  figure  and  name  are  of  Setaria  viridis  Beauv.  (O.  S.,  J.). 
^  The  figure  is  Scirpus  caespitosus  L.  (O.  S.) ;  the  name  belongs  to  Bromus 
asper  (J.). 


58 


MOUNT 


in  Addington  in  Kent.    (I  there  fownde  y*      [i5]8r  and  have 
synce  often  used  it  against  wormes  w*^  good  successe  and  ye 
stoane  allso  euen  in  my  selfe  for  ye  stoane.' 
33.  [Quotation  from  Pena  and  Lobel.] 

40.  Milium  indicum  rubrum.  Zea  Mays  L. 

*  Redd  Indyan  Myllitt,  which  I  have  seene  in  M'^  Morgan  hys 
house,  the  Queenes  apothecarie  in  London.' 
49.  Harundo  saccharina  Indica.  Succharum  officinarum  L. 

'The  suger  Canes  which  yielde  us  our  best  suger  of  it  selfe 
suger  without  compoundinge,  or  connynge  which  ys  in  deede 
good  and  comfortable  :  the  other  here  in  Suger  houses  by  pollycie 
denyed,  ys  perchaunce  more  profitable  to  the  maker  or  mer- 
chaunte,  then  healthfull  to  the  partie,  which  ys  to  use  it.' 
55.  China.  Smilax  China  L. 

'The  diet  roote  Chinee  whereof  we  have  none  growinge  in 
Englande  and  yet  muche  used  :  it  hathe  byn  in  Englande  for  the 
Great  pockes,  allso  for  all  deseases  proceadinge  from  a  moiste 
brayne  and  the  lyuer  obstructed.  Hereof  I  referre  the  reader  to 
Vesalius  whoe  hath  lardge  writen  in  his  book  de  radice  Chyna 
lardgelye  thereof.' 
57.  Acorus  Diosc.  &  Acoros  Theophrasti,  Officinis  falsb  Calamus. 

Acorus  Calamus  L. 

'I  have  hearde  M'"  D.  Pennye  often  saye  that  he  hath  thys 
roote  in  his  garden  in  London.' 
59.  Iris  nostras  vulgaris.  Iris  Pseud-acorus  L. 

80.  Sparganium  &  Butomus  Theophrasti.     Sparganium  ramosuni  Huds. 

'  The  sharpe  edged  burre  llagge.  It  groweth  in  watery  dytches 
about  Leybourne  in  Kent,  smale  use  thereof  in  Phisick  or 
Chyrurgie.' 

98.  Gladiolus  Narbonensis.  Gladiolus  cojnmunis  L. 

'  Coarne  flagge  or  Coarne  gladdyn.  I  have  y*  my  garden 
Mr.  Morgan  gave  yt  to  me  a*^  1578  at  London  yt  groweth  nowe 
with  me  a^  1583,  at  Mallinge.' 

12.  Narcissus poeticus.  Daffodil.  Narcissus Pseudo-narcissus\.,dJ\d.Q)\h^x's>. 

'  Theis  herbes  which  are  set  here  under  the  name  of  Narcissus 
we  calle  Daffadowndyllyes  :  they  be  very  common,  and  of  them 
(as  here  they  be  set)  dyuerse  sortes  of  dyuerse  colores.' 
37.  Crocus  sine  flore.    Croci  flores.  Crocus  sativus  L. 

'  Safforne  withoute  flower  I  have  never  sene  here  :  safforne  with 
the  flower  I  have  sene  plentye  at  Safforne  VValden  in  Cambridge- 
shyre  as  I  thinck  yt  ys  and  in  many  other  places  in  Englande. 
Allso  yt  ys  concluded  amonge  all  the  most  approued  Authors  y* 
Englishe  Safforne  ys  the  best  and  hath  the  greatest  virtues. 
The  Qualities  of  safforne  shall  followe  as  the  Roome  wyll 
permytt  soe  farre  as  there  ys  aney  mency  one  by  shape  or  picture 
made  of  saff'orne.' 
43.  Colchicum  sive  Strangulatorium  Ephemerum  Crocifolium. 

Autumn  crocus.    Colchicum  autumnale  L. 
'Thys  we  calle  Hermodactylus :  y*  was  gevin  me  a<^  1578 ;  and 
groweth  now  in  my  garden  a"^  1583;  very  trewly  y*  agreeth  wyth 
thys  shape  [cf.  figure  in  Lobel,  Icones^  1581]-    I  did  neuer  see 


PLANT  NOTES 


259 


aney  flower  but  only  poddes,  as  here  set  downe  yet  may  be 
that  y*-  hath  the  flowers  here  underset  and  soe  I  thinck  y^  hathe. 

D.  Symyns^  tould  me,  that  y^  groweth  plentifully  about  the 
bathes  in  Somerset  shyre  or  Wyltshyre  when  he  sawe  yt  in 
pastures  whereof  when  casually  their  catle  chaunce  to  feed,  they 
become  daungerus  syck  untyll  ye  herdsman  or  keper  have  well 
starved  them  euen  allmoste  to  sweate ;  and  thin  y®  swellinge 
and  other  accidents  doe  diminishe,  allso  they  kepe  y^  cattell  from 
drynck  whyle  they  be  yll.  Thys  ys  Mr.  D.  Symyns  observacon 
of  thys  herbe  in  that  countrye,  as  I  took  the  same  from  hyme  by 
note.' 

[Turner  {Herbal,  1568,  p.  156)  figures  the  Widdowe  Saffrone  from  Bath  both 
in  flower  and  seed,  but  appears  not  to  have  known  of  its  dangerous  qualities  to 
cattle.    He  is  eloquent  about  it  in  relation  to  man. 

'  It  is  good  to  knowe  this  herbe  that  a  man  maye  isschewe  it.  It  will  strangell 
a  man  and  kyll  him  in  the  space  of  one  daye,  even  as  some  kinde  of  Tode- 
stolles  do.  The  roote  is  swete  and  provoketh  men  thereby  to  eate  of  it.  If  anye 
man  by  chaunce  have  eaten  anye  of  thys,  the  remedye  is  to  drinke  a  great 
draught  of  cowe  milke.' 

'It  stirreth  up  tossinges,  wamlings,  windinesse  and  vomiting'  (Lyte,  1578, 
p.  367).] 

150.  Cepe.  Onion.    Allium  Cepa  L. 

'  Unyones  fynely  slysed,  and  in  faier.  water  one  night  steiped ; 
the  water  y^  next  morninge  geven  to  chylderen  which  have  the 
wormes  wonderful!  effectuallye  helpeth  them.  Lonicerus,  fol.  193. 
Tragus  allso  first  used  yt,  fol.  739.' 

151.  Scillas.  Cepa  marina.  6'^///«z;d'r/z^zHuds.  confused  with^S*.  77iariit?iia'L.Q.) 

'The  sea  Onyone  or  purginge  onyone  plentifull  in  England 
uppon  the  sea  coastes. 

It  ys  allso  knowen,  and  to  be  bought  at  the  Apothecaries  only, 
by  the  names  of  Scylla,  squylla  or  sea  onyone :  very  muche  used 
in  phisicke.  The  syrupe  thereof  purgeth  very  well  clammye,  rawe, 
flegme,  yet  not  without  suspicione  of  some  daunger  and  paynes. 
And  therefore  yt  ys  the  better  used  in  [?  summer]  tyme,  when 
all  phisick  muste  be  conveyed  into  our  bodyes  without  ofl"ense  of 
taste,  and  worcke  without  sense  of  the  least  grypinge,  or  troble 
that  may,  and  muste  be.' 
169.  [Error  for  153.] 

Ascalonites  antiquorum.  Shallot.    Allium  ascalonicuvi  L. 

'  Ascalyones   muche  used  by  the  poore  husbandemen  and 
welsh  men  which  love  leeks  wonderfull  well.    Theis  rude  people 
which  be  acquaynted  with  thys  harde  hotte  foode  doe  fynde  noe 
inconvenience  therein,  and  the   opinion  of  the  very  learned 
alloweth  the  same  for  them  to  be  right  good  and  holesome  that 
the  same  allso  ys  to  them  meate  and  medicyne,  because  yt 
norrisheth  and  so  pryserueth  them  against  all  infectiones  of  the 
hotte  tyme  of  the  somer  when  they  doe  moste  use  yt  with  cheese. 
To  those  which  seldome  taaste  theis  hotter  herbes  they  are  con- 
cluded to  bee  perilouse.' 
^  John  Symings,  M.D.  of  Oxford,  F.R.C.P.  1555  ;   President  of  Coll.  of 
Physicians,  1569  and  1572;  died  at  his  house  in  Little  St.  Bartholomew's 
Smithfield,  1588.    (Munk,  Roll  R.  C.  P.) 

S  2 


26o 


MOUNT 


154.  Shoeno  prasson.  Chive.    Allium  Schoenoprasum  L. 

'  I  tak  theis  to  be  set  for  ye  Cyues.' 
Porrum  vulgare.  Leek.    Allium  Porrum  L. 

*  The  vulgar  Leeke  (Sett).' 

155.  Porrum  tonsile.  Allium  Porrum  var. 

'The  unsett  Leeke  which  they  cutt  to  the  potte.' 
172.  [Error  for  156.] 

Allium  sylvestre  tenuifolium.  Crow  garlick.    Allium  vineale  L. 

'  Wylde  garlyck.' 

158.  Allium.  Allium  sativuvi  L 

'Garlyck.' 

159.  Allium  ursinum  latifolium.  Ramsons.    Allium  ursinum  L. 

'  I  thinck  thys  to  be  set  for  our  Ramsynes,  whereof  there 
groweth  great  plentye  about  fourde  in  Kent  in  Wrotham  parishe, 
and  ys  esteamyd  very  good  against  the  stoane.' 

228.  Botrys.  Chenopodium  Boirys  L. 

'  Oake  of  Jerusalem. 

It  heateth  attenuateth  diuideth  or  cutteth,  openeth  and  purgeth. 
Matthiolus. 

It  pryuayleth  against  all  flegmatycke,  mattered  or  putrified 
affectiones  of  the  breast,  and  lunges  ;  allso  yt  healpeth  such  as 
consume,  be  trobled  with  shorte  breathinge,  and  stuffinge  or 
makinge  noyse  in  the  breathinge  pipes  ;  as  well  the  herbe  in  the 
decoctione  of  liquirishe  druncke  as  the  decoctione  of  the  herbe 
onlye,  maney  dayes  taken  with  violate  or  Rosate  honney. 
Matthiolus  lib.  3,  cap.  119,  fol.  852, 

To  suche  as  spytte  mattered,  humores,  putrified,  yt 

marvelously  pryuayleth  which  I  my  selfe  can  trewlye  testifie. 
The  same  author  in  the  same  place.' 

229.  Cichorium  sativum,  coeruleum.  Cichorium  Intybus  L. 

'  Succorye  well  knowen. 

'  Amonge  the  residewe  of  suche  as  by  my  very  long  experience, 
and  certen  credytt  and  fidelitie,  have  been  prooued  :  I  commende 
the  infusion  of  Rhewbarbe  in  Endyue  water  or  Succorye  water 
against  aney  obstructiones  or  lingeringe  agewes.  For  I  neuer 
sawe  Agewe  (by  obstructione)  not  cured  with  this  Remedie 
if  aney  will  continewe  the  use  thereof.  Because  euen  the  most 
thyck,  clammye,  cleaninge  and  stuffed,  choakinge  humores, 
obstructiones  allso,  which  by  weaknes  of  naturell  heats  coulde  not 
be  eased  or  removed  :  by  the  takinge  and  use  of  Rhewbarbe 
I  have  seene  cured.  I  have  accustomed  therefore  to  take  a  pynte 
of  Endyve  water,  wherein  I  infuse  or  steepe  the  weight  of  fyfteene 
pence  of  fynelie  slyced  Rhewbarbe,  tyed  in  a  thynne  woven  lynnen 
clothe.  After  every  daye  of  the  same  infusione  (ye  Rhewbarbe 
still  beinge  pressed  or  wringe  into  the  same)  fower  ownces  (which 
ys  about  a  dosen  sponesfull)  I  geve  in  charge  to  be  geven  in  ye 
mornynges,  and  this  ys  the  quantitie  for  childeren.  Neither  doe 
I  discontinewe  the  same,  untill  I  see  the  obstructiones  and  Agewe 
wholye  gon  and  taken  awaye.  For  without  all  doubt  all  wil  be 
safe,  quickly  removed,  and  health  regayned  yf  all  thinges  be 
herein  well  don,  and  convenient  to  the  Cure.  Montanus,  libro 
de  Componendis  medicamentis,  Consilio  pro  puero  , 
consilio  quinto,  fol.  105.' 


MEDICINAL  PLANTS,  1584 


261 


352.  Isatis  sylvestris  Vaccaria  dicta.  Saponaria  Vaccaria  L. 

'  I  sawe  yt  grow  in  the  garden  of  the  very  honorable  the  Lord 
Abergavenny,  his  garden  in  Kent  a<^.  1584.' 

[A  casual  introduction  from  Continent.] 
374.  Aloe.  Sempervivum  marinum.  Aloesuccotrina\^dS[i.ox A,  Perryi^dktx. 

'Aloe  or  aloe  succotrina  best  knowen  by  that  name.  To  be 
bought  at  th'apothecaries  only :  a  singuler,  good  and  very  safe 
purger.    W.  &  L. 

Amonge  all  other  medicines  the  use  of  Aloe  marvelous  well 
pleaseth  me.  Noe  man  nedeth  to  feare  the  heat  thereof,  euen 
in  the  Somer  tyme.  Although  the  vulger  phisiciones  speake  their 
pleasure.  Baptista  Montanus,  Veronensis,  Consultat.  xci.  De 
preservat.  a  calculo.  The  weight  thereof  is  3^^^  before  supper 
halfe  one  hower  or  lesse.' 
396.  Perfoliatum  vulgatius,  flore  luteo,  fo.  umbilicato. 

Hare's  Ear.    Bupleurum  rotundifolium  L. 
'  Thorowe  waxe  or  Perfoliata.    Is  unto  chylderen  broken  use  to 
give  the  seed  hereof  in  mylke  meates,  allso  the  destilled  water 
thereof  with  good  success.    Tragus,  fol.  484.' 
438.  Coronopus  repens  Ruellij  &  Cornu  Cervi  alterum  vulgi. 

Wart-cress.    Coronopus  Ruellii  All. 
'  The  Englyshe  in  moste  places  call  this  Swynes  Cresses  and  not 
Harteshornes  in  aneye  place  to  my  knowledge.' 
459.  Alsine,  sive  Hippia  major.  Stellaria  aquatica  Scop.  (J.) 

'  The  great  Chyckweede.' 

*0f  Chyckweede  thus  writeth  Lonicerus,  foK  168.    S.  media  L. 

The  distilled  water  of  Chyckweede  in  virtew  ys  equall  with 
Purselane ;  wyth  wine  or  simple  alone  wythe  good  successe  yt  ys 
geven  to  those  which  pyne,  and  waste  with  longe  sycknesse. 
Unto  chylderen  in  immoderate  and  unnaturall  heate  yt  ys  good 
to  give  because  yt  coaleth  the  inwarde  heate  and  mitigateth  or 
quyte  takethe  awaye  those  terrible  accidentes  whiche  chylderen 
have  by  suche  extreame  heates  as  Crampes,  palsies,  tortures  and 
schreamynges,  schrychynges,  cryinges,  startlinges,  bowynges  and 
sudden  bendinges  sometymes  forwardes  sometymes  backwarde 
and  suche  like  accidentes  which  chylderen  be  subject  unto. 
Lonicerus,  fol^.  168^. 

The  decoction  of  Chyckweede  or  y©  Decoctyone  of  the  rootes 
of  great  grasse  or  of  purslane,  or  ye  rootes  of  Male  fearne  with 
spotted  leaves  aney  one  alone  sodden  in  water  with  a  lytle  whyte 
wyne  or  male  or  possit  ale  ys  excellent  in  my  proofs  against  ye 
agew  and  worm  in  chylderen.  Fiorananta  lib".  (Capricei  medi- 
cinali).' 

474.  Nummularia  sive  Centimorbia.  Lysimachia  Nummularia  L. 

*  Herbe  twopence  (allso  Woundeworte). 

'  In  water  w<^b  suger,  yt  ys  geuen  againste  the  exulceratione  of 
the  Breast  and  Lunges,  yt  helpeth  the  coughe  and  those  which 
hardely  breathe.  Chylderen  which  hardely  receaue  medicines 
trobled  with  a  drye  coughe  are  cured  herebye.  Lonicerus,  fol. 
208.  Tragus,  allso,  foR  808.' 
529.  Crista  Galli  Herbariorum. 

Yellow  Rattle.    Rhinanthus  Crista-galli  L. 
'  Ratle  grasse  in  meddowes  very  vulger.' 


262 


MOUNT 


572.  Digitalis  purpurea.  Digitalis  purpurea  L. 

'  Foxegloues.' 

'  Hereof  Loniceros  vvriteth  fol.  74  that  yt  doth  attenuate,  dense, 
purge,  loase,  cut  flegme  or  grosse  humores :  and  all  virtewes  and 
qualities  which  Gentiane  bathe,  yt  allso  hathe.' 
589.  Tussilago,  Farfara.  Coltsfoot.    Tussilago  Farfara  L. 

'  Foole  foote,  horse  houe  (loote  leafe,  the  father  before  the 
Sonne,  coulte  foote). 

It  may  allso  be  called  Coughe  worte.  It  groweth  moste  in 
wheate  lande,  and  fallowed  feildes.  This  shape  aptlie  agreeth 
with  the  herbe  when  yt  freshe  springeth  in  March  and  Aprill. 

Tragus  colored  hathe  the  herbe  moste  trewlie  shewed,  muche 
better  then  this,  the  one  syde  hoarlye  whyte  next  the  grownde, 
and  the  upper  syde  freshe  grene ;  the  leaves  then  theis  more 
rownde.  The  roote  medicinal  against  the  coughe ;  and  imper- 
fectiones  of  the  lunges.' 
594.  Nymphaea  lutea.  Nymphaea  lutea  L. 

*  The  Yellowe  Nymphye  or  water  lyllye. 

The  roote  or  seede  of  ether  of  theis  Nymphies  sodden  in  redde 
wyne  and  drunck  (noe  remedie  otherwyse  healpinge)  stayth  y^ 
immoderate  courses  of  women.    Lonicerus,  fol^.  177.' 
622.  Vitis  alba,  Bryonia.  White  Bryony.    Bryonia  dioica  L. 

'  Herbe  bryane,  hedge  vyne,  agew  roote,  tetter  burye  roote, 
and  Bryonie.    The  great  whyte  roote.' 

625.  Vitis,  vel  Bryonia  siluestris.        Black  Bryony.    Tamus  communis  L. 
'  Blacke  Bryonie,  wylde  vyne.' 

625.  Peruuiana  Mechoaca  Mechoacae  Prouinciae  planta  Bryoniae  similis. 

Ipomaea  Jalapa  L. 

'  The  Mechoane  or  Mecoacane :  from  the  Indianes  muche 
used  in  Englande,  a^  1580,  untill  muche  hurte  ensewed  ye 
boulde  undiscrete  practize  thereof ;  beinge  a  simple  not  without 
great  daunger.  Hereof  Garzias  ab  Horto,  and  Monardus  the 
Spaniarde,  allso  Clusius  have  wryten.  Soe  maney  other  have  don, 
but  none  doe  warraunt  yt  safe  thoughe  they  commende  yt  in 
some  cases,  beinge  prescribed  with  the  advyce  of  the  learner,  and 
those  which  very  well  knowe  its  virtews  and  qualities  thereof. 

The  best  ys  brought  from  ye  Citie  Mexicho  :  they  have  2  sortes, 
the  one  lesse  daungerous  then  the  other.  In  my  opinione  theis 
2  doe  resemble  our  2  Bryonies,  and  of  my  mynde,  I  fynde 
the  moste  learned  of  my  tyme  in  Englande,  allso  diuerse  out  of 
Germanye,  and  Fraunce  icompe  with  us,  the  difference  of  Soyle 
only  cause  the  varietie  of  effectes  in  operations 

The  weight  of  7^^  or  a  french  crowne  in  houlder  (?),  drunck  in 
twelve  sponisfull  of  seek,  will  aboundauntly  purge  bothe  wayes  in 
common  but  in  moste  by  stoale  onlye.  The  rootes  only  ys  used, 
halfe  soe  muche  of  our  Bryonie  wyll  worck  wonders  if  it  be  prepared 
specially,  or  simple  of  it  selfe.' 
693.  Argentina,  Potentilla.  Silver  weed.    Potentilla  Anserina  L. 

'  Wylde  Tansie.    Anserina  Tragi,  foK  480. 

The  herb  sodden  in  wyne  redd  or  Whyte  and  drunck  healpeth 
those  which  have  paine  in  their  backes  and  torments  there :  allso 
suche  women  as  be  trobled  with  their  whytes  immoderately  this 

t. 


PLANTS  OF  KENT  1582-4 


263 


herbe  euen  so  used  cureth  :  for  it  byndeth  and  strengtheneth  as 
Pimpinella  Italica.    Tragus,  {oV\  481. 

The  destined  water  thereof  is  very  good  to  cure  redd  eyes. 
Idem  ibidem. 

Against  the  Dysenterie  and  lienterie,  which  is  the  blooddie  flix 
and  passinge  of  foode  by  stoal  undigested  and  against  all  fluxes 
and  flixes  this  herbe  is  used  in  our  adge.    Idem,  fol*^.  480. 
Tragus  estemeth  it  drye  because  it  bindeth  there.' 
748.  Pedicularis.    L.  431. 

Marsh  Red-rattle.    Lousewort.    Pedicularis  palustris  L. 
*  Lowzye  weede  becaus  the  catle  feadynge  thereof  will  become 
lowzye :    thereof  very   muche   groweth   in   black   brookes  in 
Estmallinge  in  Kent.' 
757.  Capnos,  Fumaria.  Fumitory.    Fiunaria  officinalis  L. 

'  Fumytarie ;  the  distilled  water  thereof  wyth  Tryacle  before 
the  purgatione  certaine  dayes  drunck  ys  very  holesome  for  suche 
as  labor  of  the  Frenche  euyll.  Because  yt  purgeth  the  infected 
bloode.  Lonicerus,  fol^.  167.  The  same  ys  good  against  the 
Plague  and  the  desease  called  the  Englishe  sweate ;  allso  good 
when  aney  shall  purpose  to  Bathe  and  sweate.  The  same  author 
there. 

The  Decoctione  thereof  with  Fennyll  openeth  the  obstructiones 
of  the  Lyuer  and  forceth  oute  the  Jaundyce  by  uryne.  The  Juce 
thereof  and  the  roote  of  Esula,  eche  one  drachme  which  ys  in 
weight  7^^  mixed  and  drunck  with  hott  water  dryueth  ye  Dropsie 
and  .  .  .  (?).  In  same  author,  fol*^.  167.' 
807.  Asplenium.    Scolopendria.  Ceterach  officinarum  Willd. 

'  Splene  worte.     Yt  groweth  uppon  the  southwest  ende  of 
Est  Peckham  churche  in  Kent  :  allso  uppon  ye  Pallace  walles  in 
Maydston,  from  where  I  did  transferre  y^  to  my  garden  walle, 
where  it  groweth.    a^.  83.' 
807.  Lunaria  racemosa.    L.  470.      Moon  wort.   Botrychium  Lunaria  Sw. 

'  I  haue  sene   thys   lunarie  or  Moneworte  growe  in  black 
heathe ;  allso  nere  Saynt  Margaretes,  nere  Rochester.' 
810.  Adianthum  album  et  nigri  Plinii.    A.  361. 

Wall  Rue.    Asplenium  Ruta-murarta  L. 
'Thus  wryteth  Matthiolus  of  Ruta  muraria  in  the  chapter  of 
Paronichia. 

Moreover  this  moueth  uryne  and  grauell.' 

Vol.  II. 

180.  Rhamnus  primus  Diosc.  creditus.    L.  598. 

Evidently  intended  for  Sea-Buckthorn.    Hippophae  Rhamnoides  L. 

'This  Rhamnus  I  founde  betweene  Douer  and  Foulkestone 
by  the  sea  syde  under  the  Clyffes,  a^.  1582,  with  reddish  beries 
Orenge  colored.' 

280.  Cerefolium  descriptum.  Chervil.    Anthriscus  Cerefolium  L. 

'Cheruyle.  It  is  used  with  meate  as  Perslye  of  a  meane 
temperature  betwene  hott  and  coulde ;  But  principally  to  force 
out  clotted  or  brused  bloode  "  as  it  is  called  "  the  same  herbe  to 
be  of  wonderfull  efficacie  certen  sure  experience  hath  approued. 
Tragus,  foK  472.  The  Juce  of  the  herbe,  the  destilled  water 
allso,  dissolueth  the  congealed  blood  of  contusion,  or  strype,  and 
is  of  force  against  the  stoane  in  the  kydnes.    Idem  ibideip.' 


264 


SHANNE 


viii.   Richard  Shanne,  1561-1627. 

In  the  Goodyer  MS.  there  is  a  note  of  the  name  of  Richard 
Shanne,  at  the  head  of  a  paper  upon  which  are  recorded 
two  localities  for  north  country  plants,  but  there  is  no  further 
indication  as  to  who  he  might  be. 

Pyrola  groweth  in  shadowed  woods  in  Craven,  in  a  place  called  Craggie 
Close  in  Lanscale. 

Monophyllon  groweth  in  Lancasheir  in  Dingley  wood  and  in  Harwood  neare 
to  Blackbume. 

Both  localities  are  given  in  Gerard. 

During  a  visit  to  the  British  Museum  in  June  last,  a  happy 
chance  made  me  acquainted  with  'The  Shanne  Family  Book' 
(Addit.  MS.  3^599.  17),  from  which  I  discovered  that  Richard 
Shanne  of  Woodrowe  was  a  considerable  horticulturist,  who  was 
living  near  Methley^  in  Yorkshire  in  Goodyer's  time,  and  who 
certainly  deserves  to  be  better  remembered.  I  have  no  doubt  but 
that  he  is  the  authority  whose  name  is  quoted  by  Goodyer.  It  is 
not  unlikely  that  Goodyer  may  have  got  into  correspondence  with 
him  through  Walter  Stonehouse,  the  friend  of  John  Savile  of 
Methley,  whose  neighbour  Shanne  was. 

Richard  Shanne  sonne  and  heire  of  William  was  borne  the  tenth  of  Auguste 
beinge  Thursdaie  1561  he  maried  Amy  Burton  daughter  of  Richard  Burton 
alias  Carver  the  ix*^  daie  of  June  1588  and  had  issue  by  hir,  Thomas.  He 
maried  his  second  wife  Marie  Chamber  .  .  . 

This  Richard  was  of  reasonable  tallness  stright  of  bodie,  he  was  somwhat 
paile  of  complexion,  his  heire  of  his  head  mouse  colored,  he  was  verie  light  and 
nimble  of  foote,  his  chefest  delite  was  in  plantinge  and  grafting  all  maner  of 
herbes  &  trees,  and  had  growinge  in  his  gardinge  a  great  number  of  rare  and 
straunge  plants,  there  was  not  allmost  anie  herbe  growinge  but  he  did  knowe 
the  severall  names  therof,  and  the  nature  and  opperation  of  the  same,  he  did 
practise  both  in  phisicke  and  specially  in  Chirurgerie  and  did  cure  verie  manie 
daungerous  wounds  and  ulcers.  He  made  three  bookes  of  the  Nature  and 
operations  of  herbes  and  Trees  and  drew  with  his  pen  the  trew  picktures  of 
everie  plante,  set  downe  in  what  ground  everie  herbe  and  tree  was  to  be  found 
and  the  tymes  of  their  springinge,  florishinge  and  sedinge.  He  planted  three 
Orchards  of  his  owne,  the  first  at  the  Mickletowne  which  he  sett  in  anno 
domine  1577.  The  Springe  of  Aspe  trees  he  planted  1596.  The  Orchard  at 
the  East  more  syde  he  planted  in  divers  yeares,  first  in  1607  &  161 3  (?).  The 

^  Methley  gardens  should  be  famous  in  the  history  of  horticulture.  For  at 
Methley  lived  John  Savile,  the  friend  of  Walter  Stonehouse;  there  also  in 
Mr.  Witham's  garden,  gold-streaked  Pansies  growing  spontaneously  '  mightily 
beautifie  the  border  of  an  hedge ' ;  in  the  Wood-close  flourished  the  Blush 
coloured  Bugle  {Ajiiga  reptans  L.),  and  at  no  great  distance  grew  Lunaria 
minor  in  John  Nun's  cow-pasture.  Witham's  son  contributed  localities  of  some 
Oxfordshire  plants.    Merrett,  Pinax,  pp.  17,  65,  74. 


THE  RUFF 


265 


Springe  of  Elme  trees  by  the  Moorsyd  was  planted  in  1613.  The  little  Orchard 
in  the  end  of  the  More  house  field  he  compassed  about  with  quicksetts  in 
anno  161 6,  and  the  trees  was  set  in  anno  16 17.  He  maid  two  large  bookes 
diologge  wyse  of  Phisicke  &  Chirurgerie,  He  delited  much  in  reding  Granados 
meditations,  and  was  verie  seldome  scene  in  anie  rude  companie,  but  avoyded 
companie  as  much  as  he  could  and  took  much  pleasure  to  vvalke  in  woods  and 
to  be  solitarie.  He  lyved  in  the  dales  of  Quene  Elizabeth,  Kynge  James  & 
Kinge  Charles  when  he  was  fiftie  &  nine  yeares  oulde  he  mayd  a  large  booke  of 
prayers  &  meditations  which  he  did  drawe  out  of  sondrie  learned  authors.  The 
meditations  are  of  all  the  miseries  of  man  from  his  verie  birth  unto  the  dale  of 
his  death.  Allso  of  the  torments  which  the  wicked  do  suffer  in  hell  .  .  . 

He  died  of  consuming  consumption  at  the  age  of  six  and  three  score  wanting 
one  moneth.  [ff.  83  v,  84.] 

[His  garden  list  is  printed  on  p.  310.] 

A  most  interesting  extract  from  Shanne's  diary  was  made  by 
Antony  Wood  when  he  consulted  it  in  October  1674,  by  permission 
of  the  then  owner.  It  contains  a  most  lifelike  description  of  the 
Ruff  {Machetes  pitgnax  L.),  a  bird  that  was  not  described  by 
Turner  in  his  book  on  Birds,  so  that  Shanne's  is  probably  the  first 
English  description. 

Anno  1588,  there  was  taken  at  Crowley  in  Lincolnshire  in  the  winter  time 
5  strange  fowles  of  divers  colours,  having  about  their  necks  as  it  were  great 
monstrous  ruffs,  and  had  underneath  those  ruffs  certaine  quills  to  beare  up  the 
same,  in  such  a  manner  as  our  gallant  dames  have  now  of  wier  to  beare  up 
their  ruffs  (which  they  call  supporters).  About  their  heads  they  had  feathers 
so  curiously  set  togeather  and  frisled,  altogeather  like  unto  our  nice  gentle- 
women who  do  curie  and  frisle  their  haire  about  their  heads.  Three  of  these 
Strang  fowles  was  brought  into  Sir  Henrie  Leese,  and  they  would  walk  up  and 
doune  the  hall  as  if  they  were  great  states,  and  sometimes  they  v/ould  stand 
still  and  lay  their  heads  together  as  if  they  were  in  a  secret  counsell.  It  made 
the  beholders  to  wonder  therat.  They  cast  them  corne  to  eat,  but  they  refused 
to  tast  of  any  meat  and  so  at  length  died.  Mr.  Richard  Shann,  of  Wodrow  in 
Medley,  Yorks.,  drew  a  picture  of  one  of  them  which  he  placed  in  his  herball. 
Two  men  that  had  set  lime  twigs  to  catch  birds  withall  did  find  them  taken 
therin.    The  like  never  seen  or  heard  of  before. 


ix.   John  Parkinson,  1567-1650. 

Several  pages  of  notes  in  the  Goodyer  collection  on  American, 
Bermudan,  and  Oriental  plants  are  written  in  a  hand  that  was  at 
first  unknown  to  me,  but  which  I  have  since  been  able  to  identify 
beyond  doubt  as  that  of  the  well-known  herbalist  John  Parkinson. 
Certain  of  these  notes  are  written  on  the  back  of  a  letter,  every 
word  of  which  was  so  completely  scribbled  over  as  to  be  quite 
unreadable.  By  slow  and  careful  erasure  with  a  sharp  knife  I 
found  it  possible  to  remove  sufficient  of  the  ink-scrawling  from  the 


266 


PARKINSON 


surface  to  bring  into  view  the  following  letter,  signed  by  him.  It 
is  a  unique  possession,  as  being  the  only  signed  specimen  of  his 
hand-writing  known. 


Parkinson. 


To  the  worthy  Gentlewoman 

Mi-es  Geeres  Seal 
geve  these.  ^ — ^ 

Good  Mrs.  Geeres,  I  hav  by  this  messenger  sent  you  the  ij  trees  wherof 
I  tould  when  we  were  last  together  at  yor  howse.  I  brought  them  thither  on 
the  Saterday  you  were  so  earnest  with  me  to  come  to  dinner  where  I  thought 
to  have  met  with  you,  but  missing  you  I  carried  them  home  again  &  laid  them 
in  the  ground  wherin  they  have  been  safe  without  taking  any  harme.  I  do 
also  think  that  then  you  would  have  pleasure,  and  with  that  you  promised  & 
have  long  expected  it.  I  pray  you  doe  not  wearye  me  with  deseyre  which 
is  worse  then  denyall  as  you  please  appoint  Mr.  Codemer  to  doe  it  speedily. 
So  shall  ever  remaine, 

Yors      JOHN  PARKINSON. 

[MS.  f.  l68  v.] 

A  comparison  of  the  text  of  several  of  the  notes  with  passages 
printed  in  the  Theatriim  in  1640  confirmed  the  view  that  they  are 
indeed  the  author's  own  notes,  and  were  probably  the  actual  notes 
used  by  him  in  the  preparation  of  his  book.    Some  of  them  are 


BACON'S  HORTICULTURE 


267 


printed  with  the  h"sts  of  exotic  plants  on  p.  363.  The  following 
horticultural  notes  were  evidently  extracted  by  Parkinson  from 
Francis  Bacon's  Nattirall  Historie,  Century  v,  1627  ;  but  another 
possibility  should  not  be  lost  sight  of,  namely  that  Bacon  may  have 
derived  part  of  his  horticultural  knowledge  from  the  distinguished 
botanical  writer  who  two  years  later  dedicated  his  Paradistts  m 
Sole  to  Queen  Henrietta  Maria. 

Notes  071  Hortictdttire  by  Parkinson. 

The  steepings  of  Wheate  seede  in  horse  dung,  cowe  dung,  pigeon  dung,  urine, 
chalke,  bay  salt,  claret  wine,  soote,  ashes,  mahnesey,  &  spirite  of  wine  :  the 
urine,  soote,  ashes,  chalk  &  salt  shooting  within  six  dayes,  the  best  &  lustiest 
of  them  was  first  from  the  urine,  then  dung,  next  chalke,  then  soote  &  then 
ashes,  &  last  the  salt  therewith  wines  not  at  all  except  the  claret  wine.  [Bacon, 
Sylv.  sylv.  §  402.] 

The  drawing  of  boughes  of  a  tree  or  vine  to  the  inside  of  a  roome  where  fyre 
is  continually  kept  doth  accelerate  the  fruite  a  moneth  sooner.    [§  405.] 

The  removing  of  living  plantes  into  new  freshe  &  loose  earth  once  in  a  yeare 
doth  accelerate  &  enlarge  them.    [§  406.] 

The  grafting  of  Roses  in  Maye  will  cause  them  to  beare  flowers  the  same 
yeare  but  late.  [§  418.]  The  binding  also  of  the  bark  worketh  the  like  effect. 
[§  419-]  Grafting  upon  contrary  stocks  will  never  thrive  long,  as  Peaches  on 
Cherryes  etc.,  the  cause  is  the  cyon  overruleth  the  stock  quite,  the  stock  is  but 
passive  onely  &  giveth  aliment  but  no  motion  to  the  graft.    [§  421.] 

The  laying  of  a  heape  of  flinte  or  other  stones  about  the  roote  of  a  wild  tree 
doth  make  it  prosper  twise  as  much  as  without  them,  because  the  stones  retaine 
moisture  longer  &  not  to  be  consumed  so  soone,  it  keepeth  also  the  tree  from 
cold  blastes  &  frosts  &  geveth  more  warmth  at  all  tymes.    [§  422.] 

To  boare  a  hole  in  a  tree  that  beareth  not  is  usually  done  to  cause  it  bearing  ; 
too  much  repletion  may  be  the  cause  opprest  with  his  sap.  [§  428.]  As  also 
to  cleave  2  or  3  of  the  cheife  rootes  &  to  put  a  peble  into  eache  to  keepe  them 
open  for  els  they  will  close  againe.    [§  429.] 

To  drawe  the  bough  of  a  tree  through  a  wall  to  the  south  sun  hath  been 
practised  by  some  to  ripen  the  fruite  the  better,  but  it  sorted  not.    [§  431.] 

It  were  good  to  trye  whether  a  tree  grafted  lowe  &  the  lower  boughes 
maintained,  the  upper  ones  being  continually  proined  off,  would  not  make 
larger  fruite.    [§  432.] 

It  is  expected  that  trees  will  growe  greater  &  beare  better  fruite  if  you  putt 
salt,  lees  of  wine  or  blood  to  the  roote  which  are  more  forcible.    [§  457.] 

It  is  also  delyvered  before  that  if  one  take  the  bough  of  of  a  lowe  fruit  tree 
newly  budded  &  drawe  it  gently  without  hurting  it  into  an  earthen  pot  perforate 
at  the  bottome  &  set  in  the  slant  &  then  cover  the  pot  with  earth,  it  will  yield 
a  very  large  fruite  within  the  ground,  the  like  will  be  effected  by  an  empty 
pot  without  earth  in  it,  put  over  a  fruit  propped  up  with  a  stake  as  it  hangeth 
on  the  tree,  the  pot  being  perforate  to  let  in  aire.    [§  470.]         [MS.  11,  f.  168] 

On  the  same  paper  are  several  entertaining  notes  in  Parkinson's 
handwriting  relating  to  Brazilian  and  Peruvian  plants  and  their 
'vertues'.  ' 


268  PARKINSON'S  MANUSCRIPTS 


The  Verities  of  some  Exotic  Plants. 

Giniber  is  a  tree  growing  in  Brasill  about  Pernambuco,  whose  fruite  is  bigger 
then  those  of  an  Orrenge,  but  of  a  darck  greene  colour  from  whence  with  one 
kind  may  be  crushed  out  a  liquor  very  like  both  for  colour  and  consistence 
unto  the  whey  of  milke :  this  liquor  or  water  hath  such  a  qualitie  that  what 
parte  of  the  skin  of  the  bodye  be  washed  therwith  it  will  colour  it  so  black  as 
no  black  inck  or  dye  can  doe  more  &  so  likewise  the  haire  in  any  parte  of  the 
bodye,  which  colour  will  abide  so  strongly  fixed  therin  for  the  space  of  eight 
dayes  that  if  all  the  remedies  to  whiten  the  partes  againe  were  applied  they 
would  be  of  none  efect ;  but  of  itselfe  the  colour  will  fade  after  that  tyme  &  the 
partes  will  become  as  white  as  they  were  before.  This  water  is  also  as  it  issued 
is  of  espetiall  propertye  to  encrease  haire.  Other  thinges  this  water  doth 
performe  without  the  least  daunger  or  harme. 

The  Brasilians  have  a  familiar  medicine  that  is  common  &  well  knowen  to 
most  of  them,  beinge  a  most  certaine  remedye  to  staye  or  stanche  the  blood 
that  flowes  from  any  part  of  man  or  woman. 

This  is  made  of  a  certaine  herbe  which  groweth  in  the  high  &  rockye 
mountaines  which  therupon  the  Portugalls  call  Rais  de  serra  that  is  Radix 
montium,  the  Roote  of  the  Mountains,  because  the  roote  onely  of  this  herbe 
hath  that  effect  to  staunche  blood,  the  leaves  herof  are  said  to  be  Hke  unto 
Plantaine  leaves  &  the  roote  unto  a  Cicharye  roote  both  for  forme  and 
colour  which  roote  being  a  little  burned  in  a  cleane  earthen  pot  or  vessell  & 
afterwardes  rubbed  into  partes  &  a  scruple  in  weight  taken  fasting  with 
Plantaine  or  Rosmary  doth  most  rertainely  staye  the  fluxe  of  blood  issuing 
from  any  parte  of  the  bodye.  Petrus  de  Osma  cited  by  Monardes  testifyeth 
the  vertue  that  many  herbes  have  that  hidden  propertye  to  stay  bleeding  by  the 
example  of  some  Negros  that  constrayned  through  hunger  to  cut  of  the  calves 
of  their  legs  to  eate,  &  by  layinge  a  leafe  of  a  certaine  greene  herbe  did  whollye 
staye  the  fluxe  that  not  a  droppe  of  blood  was  seene  to  be  shed.  [Cf.  Park. 
Theatr. 

1  here  is  a  certaine  kinde  of  Rushe  growing  on  the  hilles  in  Peru,  which  they 
there  call  Jeho  or  Yoha,  very  like  onto  the  Spanish  rushe  called  Spartum  wherof 
the  fraile  are  made  that  they  putt  Raysins  &  figs  ;  &  wherwith  the  metalline 
bodyes  are  sooner  melted  by  its  flame  than  by  much  wood,  &  separated  from  the 
Quicksilver  that  is  put  into  them  for  that  purpose.  The  fumes  also  of  this 
Rushe  (a  wonder  to  be  spoken)  taken  under  a  Canopay  or  close  covering, 
causeth  all  the  Quicksilver,  that  abideth  in  the  bodies  of  those  that  have  ben 
annointed  therewith  to  helpe  the  Frenche  poxe,  to  sweale  out  of  all  partes  of  the 
bodyes,  without  any  maner  of  sense  of  paine. 

Lakeka  is  a  kind  of  gum  gathered  in  Martaban  in  the  East  Indies,  whose 
propertye  is  to  expell  drunckeness  if  pieces  therof  being  put  on  a  thred  or 
stringe  &  wounde  on  the  bare  arme,  so  that  whosoever  shall  drinck  much  & 
strong  wine  shall  not  be  overtaken  therwith. 

Lapis  Lipis  is  a  kinde  of  blew  minerall  stone  found  on  the  hills  of  Potosi 
called  Lipis  of  the  citye  neere  them.  And  is  of  a  transparent  blew  colour,  very 
hard  to  breake  yet  brought  into  small  pieces,  sharpe  and  bitinge  in  taste  so  that 
being  put  to  the  tongue  it  will  with  the  heate  oxalegrate  it,  it  is  brought  as 
merchandise  being  cut  into  tablets  &  so  sold  :  it  is  (saith  Zacutus  Lusitanus)  so 
like  Anil  Indica  that  a  form  of  it  might  be  taken  for  Indico  &  being  made 


EXOTIC  PLANTS 


269 


into  pouther  &  put  .  .  .  water  will  colour  the  water  blew  within  an  hour.  All 
fowle  ulcers  eyther  of  the  mouth  or  privy  partes  of  man  or  woman  beinge  washed 
will  presently  cleanse  them  &  take  away  or  restrain  their  virulancye.  4  gr.  in 
p.  to  ^ij  aq*  rosaij.  p  hora. 

Coque  ...  is  a  certaine  tree  well  knownen  to  all  in  Brasill  growing  plentifully 
in  the  woods  about  Pernambuco  very  like  unto  the  Lentisk  or  Mastick  tree 
whose  barck  being  boiled  after  a  pound  thereof  hath  ben  cut  small  in  16  poundes 
or  pintes  of  water  to  the  halfe,  adding  therto  3iij  of  allom  in  the  boiling,  wc^ 
when  it  is  strained  &  setled  will  become  of  so  pure  a  purple  colour  as  if  it 
were  made  of  ostrum  or  the  purple  fishe,  or  of  the  colour  of  the  red  Feild 
Poppye.  The  face  washed  with  this  water  besides  that  it  coloureth  the  black 
spotts  in  the  face,  it  geveth  to  the  face  &  lips  so  beautifull  a  Rose  colour  that  it 
would  be  a  brave  fucus  for  women :  but  this  colour  will  not  abide  abov  e  eight 
dayes  although  before  that  tyme  it  will  not  be  blemished  by  many  washings,  but 
after  that  tyme  the  colour  fading  it  will  change  into  a  dark  Rose  colour  and 
after  4  dayes  more  will  be  quite  consumed  ;  yet  those  black  spots  that  were 
in  the  face  before  will  no  more  appear,  but  by  using  this  water  againe  upon 
the  face  etc  the  fresh  colour  will  be  apparant  againe  :  If  this  barck  were 
brought  us  it  would  redound  much  to  the  good  of  women,  who  to  beautifye 
them  selves  with  Arsenicum  sublimatum,  Cerussa,  Camphire  &  other  such 
thinges  doe  exchange  their  good  for  wrinckles,  fowle  ulcers  in  their  gums, 
blacknes  of  teeth,  rottennes  and  stincking  of  the  breath. 

The  Cabbage  Tree  groweth  to  an  incredible  height  neere  unto  200  foote  bare 
without  branches  unto  the  very  toppe  as  most  of  the  kindes  of  Palme-trees  doe, 
where  among  the  long  leaves  groweth  this  round  heade  or  cabbage,  to  gett 
which  they  usually  cut  downe  the  tree  at  the  roote.  The  stemme  or  bodye 
therof  having  not  much  above  2  inches  thickness  of  wood,  the  rest  being  of 
a  pithy  substance.  From  this  tree  likewise  they  drawe  wine  as  from  the  Coco 
&  other  Palmito  trees  by  boring  a  hole  &  applying  a  tappe  or  other  convenient 
thing  with  a  gourd  or  the  like  to  receave  the  liquor  that  droppeth  therfrom,  & 
in  12  howres  will  by  droppes  fill  the  vessel  &  so  will  it  doe  from  tyme  to  tyme 
by  boring  new  holes  one  after  another  beginning  above  &  so  descending:  what 
fruite  this  tree  doth  beare,  our  men  that  have  had  the  benefit  herof  were  never 
so  wise  or  industrious  to  observe,  feeding  like  swine  on  the  mast  but  never 
looking  higher. 

The  water  destilled  in  glasse  vessels  from  Cloves  while  they  are  greene, 
besides  the  excellent  smell  they  yeld,  it  hath  ben  found  by  good  experience  not 
onely  to  expell  windye  humours  in  the  bodye,  but  that  disease  also  called 
Priapismus  and  that  effectually.  The  like  is  thought  may  worke  the  destilled 
water  of  the  fresh  flowers  taken  from  the  Cinamon  trees  or  from  the  fresh 
Cinamon  itselfe. 

The  fruite  or  nutt  called  Cola  growing  in  Guiney  &  like  a  chesnutt  hath 
ben  often  used  and  found  very  effectual  for  chapt  lipps,  and  the  descomities  of 
the  skin,  the  itching  of  womans  partes,  the  raggednes  of  the  nailes,  the  rednes 
of  face,  much  Dickwek  often  castings,  the  falling  of  the  haire,  .  .  .  and  many 
other  diseases  that  proceed  from  the  heate  and  distemper  of  the  liver,  as 
also  against  fevers  &  burning  agues,  very  profitable  drincking  some  endive 
water  after  it.  The  tree  is  like  to  the  Chesnut  tree  &  so  is  the  nut  both 
for  forme  &  greateness  but  of  a  pale  reddish  colour  on  the  outside  &  a  little 
bitter  in  taste. 


270 


PARKINSON'S  MANUSCRIPTS 


Amivil  with  the  Persians  is  a  tree  like  to  the  Chesnut  tree  whose  rootes  the 
deaper  the  better  being  tied  about  the  neck  or  worne  on  the  arme  so  that  they 
touch  the  flesh  doe  induce  a  mightye  hatred  for  wine  espetially  to  those  that 
are  geven  to  love  it  much  &  be  often  drunck  therewith.  Gesner  reciteth  2  espetiall 
thinges  available  for  that  purpose,  viz.  a  greane  frog  that  is  found  often  in  the 
springes  of  water  put  alive  into  wine  &  there  suffocated.  And  an  Eclosus 
formed  also  in  wines  :  this  hath  ben  often  urged  so  before,  especially  if 
2  ounces  of  the  blood  of  Gates  (?)  be  put  into  3  measures  of  wine.  Opium  also 
is  thought  to  performe  the  like  cure  &  so  be  the  more  prone  &  strong  to 
venery. 

[Written  by  John  Parkinson  on  the  back  of  his  letter  to  Mrs.  Geeres. 
MS.  f.  168  v.] 

Among  his  other  writings  are  Lists  of  Foreign  plants,  see 
pp.  358-70  ;  a  List  of  116  plants,  including  many  bulbs  (MS.  11, 
f.  164),  grouped  under  numbers  '  36  to  69 evidently  referring  to 
plates  in  the  Anthologia  magna,  1626 ;  a  list  of  48  plants  (MS.  11, 
f.  1 57  V.)  described  by  Clusius  in  his  Appendix  altera  ad  Rariorum 
Plantarmn  Historian! ,  issued  with  the  Exotica  in  1605  ;  two  lists  of 
Evergreens,^  one  headed  Arbores  sempervirentes  foL  44  (MS.  11, 
f.  156),  the  other  headed  Perpetna  coma  virentes  variis  provinciis 
(f.  158  v.);  and  a  brief  note  on  plants  used  for  tanning  skins  by 
Mediterranean  peoples. 

Parkinson  was  appointed  Apothecary  to  King  James  and  also 
King's  Herbarist.  He  had  a  garden  in  Long  Acre,  where  Goodyer 
no  doubt  saw  the  many  rare  plants  of  which  he  has  preserved  a  list. 
The  following  account  is  in  a  hand  that  appears  to  me  to  be 
Parkinson's  :  if  so,  it  may  refer  to  an  accident  to  the  wall  of  his 
garden  in  Long  Acre  in  1636.  A  search  for  the  workmen's  names 
in  the  local  parish  register  might  settle  the  question. 

The  charge  of  my  outer  wall  blowen  downe  the  4*^  Novemb^"  1636. 

M^  iiijs 

Tho  .  .  For  \  daye  | 
John     .       .  2  dayes . 


West      .  2I 

Christopher  .  3  dayes  . 

Howse         .  \  daye  . 

The  boye      .  3I 
Labourers  : 

Randel      .  3  dayes  . 

Anthonye  .  a  daye  \ 

John         .  6  dayes  . 

2  other  labourers 


xij^ 


vis 


xxij^i 


xviij*! 


.  vijs 

^  It  may  be  noted  that  at  a  somewhat  later  period  Sir  Richard  Browne, 
writing  from  Paris  to  Sir  Edward  Nicholas  on  5  July  1658,  states  that  he  was 
then  at  work  on  a  Catalogue  of  evergreenes,  but  had  lost  the  help  of  a  Mr.  Keipe, 
who  had  left  for  England.  He  adds  *  Alaternes  beare  a  graine  like  that  of  privet, 
which  beinge  sowed  comes  nop  and  prospers  without  difficulty '. 

\Camden  Society,  xxxi,  p.  65,  1920.] 


STONEHOUSE 


271 


Lyme    2  hundred        ......  xiiij* 

Brick    3  loade  |-  xviij^  iiij^i 

Sand    5  loade  x.^ 

Timber   xx^ 

For  watching   xviij*^ 

Forfensing  theother  wall  next  the  howse  w*^  hordes    ij^  besides  the  losse 

in  the  hordes. 
[MS.f.  154.] 

X.  Walter  Stonehouse,  1597-1655. 

An  account  of  the  manuscripts  which  led  to  the  identification  of 
Mr.  Walter  Stonehouse  the  Botanist  with  the  Rev.  Walter  Stonehouse 
the  Divine  has  recently  appeared  in  the  Journal  of  Botany  for  July 
1920.  As  regards  his  biography  it  is  known  that  he  was  a  Londoner, 
born  in  1597,  and  a  relative  of  Sir  William  Stonehouse,  Bart.,  of 
Radley.  since  he  referred  to  Sir  William's  daughter,  Mrs.  Langton, 
wife  of  the  President  of  Magdalen  College,  as  'cousin'.  He 
came  up  to  Oxford  as  one  of  the  first  Scholars  of  the  newly 
founded  Wadham  College.  There,  at  the  age  of  16,  he  wrote 
a  Turcarnm  Historia  generalis  in  213  pages.  He  took  his  B.A.  on 
25th  Feb.  16 if ,  and  came  to  Magdalen  as  a  Fellow  in  1617,  filling  the 
office  of  Praelector  in  Logic  in  1619-20.  He  remained  in  residence 
for  some  years,  preaching  occasional  sermons  at  the  University 

;  Church  and  in  the  College,  including  the  funeral  sermon  at  President 
Langton's  funeral  in  1626.    The  original  MS.  of  the  Statutes  of 

1  Eynsham  Abbey,  near  Oxford,  appears  to  have  come  into  his 
possession  at  this  time,  for  in  162 1  he  gave  them  to  the  Bodleian 
Library.  It  is  now  numbered  Bodl.  MS.  435.  In  1629  he  took  his 
degree   as    Bachelor  of  Divinity   and  resigned   his  fellowship, 

i  probably  on  marriage,  since  his  son  Walter  was  born  in  the 
following  year.    The  University  presented  him  to  a  rectory  in 

I  the  diocese  of  Canterbury,  7th  March  163^,  and  it  may  have  been 
then  that  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  Thomas  Johnson,  then 
engaged  on  the  description  of  his  second  botanical  tour  in  Kent 

[     (published  1632). 

Stonehouse  was  presented  to  the  rectory  of  Darfield  by  John 

I    Savile^  of  Methley,  who  held  him  in  great  esteem.    He  became 

[    a  member  of  the  literary  circle  of  Sir  J.  Jackson  of  Hickleton,  in 

• '  which  Lightfoot,  Sir  H.  Wotton,  and  Bishop  Morton  were  some- 
I   times  found.    With  Laud  he  is  remembered  as  being  one  of  the 

I    first  Englishmen  to  make  a  collection  of  coins  and  medals :  these 

j      ^  The  Saviles  were  connected  with  the  Garths  through  the  marriage  c.  1578 
I  !   of  Sir  John  Savile  (1545-1607)  with  Jane,  the  daughter  of  Richard  Garth, 
\  see  p.  237. 


STONEHOUSE 


eventually  formed  the  basis  of  that  department  of  the  very  curious 
museum  formed  by  Thoresby  in  his  house  at  Leeds  (see  Hunter, 
South  Yorkshire). 

In  1639  Thomas  Johnson  organized  an  expedition  of  the  '  Socii 
Itinerantes '  of  the  Pharmaceutical  Society  of  London  to  the  moun- 
tains of  North  Wales :  an  account  of  the  expedition  is  given  in 
his  Mercurii  Botanici  pars  altera  (1641)  reprinted  in  facsimile  in 
Opusctila  omnia  botanica  Thomae  Johnsoni  edited  by  T.  S.  Ralph 
(London,  1647).  The  constitution  of  this  travelling  club  is  thus 
stated  by  Johnson  in  the  preface  to  his  Iter  Plantai'um  Investiga- 
tionis  '  susceptum  a  decern  Sociis  in  Agrum  Cantianum  :  Anno 
Dom.  1629  and  published  in  the  same  year  :  '  Paucis  abhinc  elapsis 
annis,  consuetudo  vero  laudibilis  inter  rei  herbariae  studiosus  crevit, 
bis  aut  saepius,  quotannis  triduum  aut  quadriduum  iter  Plantarum 
investigationis  ergo  suscipere*.  Stonehouse  joined  the  party  at 
Chester,  having  spent  the  previous  night  at  Stockport,  where  he  had 
not  been  favourably  impressed  with  the  inn.  Their  route  took  them 
by  Conway,  Penmaenmawr,  Bangor,  and  Carnarvon  to  Glynn-lhivona, 
where  they  were  the  guests  of  Thomas  Glynn,  to  whom  Johnson 
dedicated  his  account  of  the  expedition.  After  discoursing  on  the 
perils  of  climbing  Snowdon,  Johnson  gives  a  list  of  the  plants  found 
by  the  party.  At  Beaumaris  they  enjoyed  the  hospitality  of  Richard 
Buckley,  visited  his  vivarium,  and  collected  seaweeds.  They  then 
recrossed  the  straits  to  Lhan-lhechid,  climbed  Carnedh-lhewellyn  in 
a  mist  and  in  fear  of  nesting  eagles,  but  saw  little  of  botanical 
interest.  After  a  farewell  visit  to  Glynn-lhivona,  the  party  journeyed 
to  Harlech  and  Barmouth.  Their  homeward  journey  lay  through 
Merionethshire  ;  at  Guerndee  Stonehouse  left  them  and  went  home 
through  Shropshire  to  Darfield.  Here  he  remained  for  a  time  in 
quiet  enjoyment  of  his  garden,  to  the  Catalogue  of  which,  drawn  up 
in  1640,  reference  has  already  been  made  ;  some  of  the  plants  in 
Johnson's  list  are  included  in  the  Catalogue,  and  were  probably 
obtained  on  the  Welsh  expedition. 

About  1648  we  learn  from  Walker's  Sufferings  of  the  Clergy  that 
Stonehouse  was  forcibly  ejected  from  his  living  by  the  Parliamentary 
Commissioners  and  imprisoned.  On  his  return,  probably  in  1652, 
his  spirit  as  a  horticulturist  seems  to  have  been  broken,  for  he  then 
wrote  in  the  Catalogue  a  pathetic  note  in  Latin,  to  the  effect  that 
but  a  few  of  his  plants  had  survived — Novamque  despero  coloniam, 
— 'I  have  no  hope  of  a  new  colony'.  After  this  he  would  appear 
to  have  lived  in  London,  to  have  made  or  renewed  acquaintance 
with  the  younger  Tradescant,  and  to  have  written  some  intro- 


ANAGRAMS 


273 


ductory  verses  to  the  Catalogue  of  Tradescant's  Museum^  published 
in  1656  : 

To  John  Tradescant  the  youn- 
ger, surviving. 
Ana^r, : 

John  Tradescant. 
Cannot  hide  Arts, 

Heire  of  thy  Fathers  goods,  and  his  good  parts, 

Which  both  preservest,  and  auginent'st  his  store. 
Tracing  th'  ingenuous  steps  he  trod  before  : 

Proceed  as  thou  begin'st,  and  win  those  hearts, 

With  gentle  curt'sie,  which  admir'd  his  Arts, 

Whilst  thou  conceal'st  thine  own,  and  do'st  deplore 
Thy  want,  compar'd  with  his,  thou  shew'st  them  more 

Modesty  clouds  not  worth  ;  but  hate  diverts, 

And  shames  base  envy,  ARTS  he  CANNOT  HIDE 
That  has  them.    Light  through  every  chink  is  spy'd. 

Nugas  has  ego,  pessimus  Poet  a 
Plantarum  tamen,  optimique  ainici 
Nusquani  pessiimis  aesthnator,  egi, 

GUALTERUS  StONEHOUSUS. 
Theologus  servus  natus. 

By  re-arranging  the  letters  of  John  Tradescant's  name  he  composed 
the  anagram  Camiot  hide  Arts,  and  by  a  similar  process  his  own 
name,  Gualterus  Stonehousus,  became  Theologus  servus  natus — 
words  quoted  by  Macray,  who,  however,  did  not  grasp  their  meaning, 
as  occurring  on  the  title-page  of  a  volume  of  his  Sermons  in 
Magdalen  College  Library. 

These  verses,  his  only  printed  work,  were  not  published  until  1656, 
the  year  after  his  death  (probably  in  London)  at  the  age  of  58. 

xi.  Thomas  Johnson,  c.  1600-1644. 

The  outlines  of  the  life  of  this  distinguished  botanist  are  well 
known.  Trained  as  an  apothecary,  with  a  business  on  Snow  Hill, 
he  attained  to  be  the  best  herbalist  of  his  age  in  England  and 
a  trusted  physician.    In  1643  the  rank  of  Lieutenant- 

Colonel  to  Sir  Marmaduke  Rawdon.  During  the  siege  of  Basing 
House  he  led  several  sorties  with  success.  '  When  a  dangerous 
piece  of  service  was  to  be  done,  this  doctor,  who  publickly  pretended 
not  to  valour,  undertook  and  performed  it.^  On  one  occasion  he 
had  a  hand  to  hand  struggle  with  Capt.  Clinson,  but  at  last  in  the 
affair  of  14  Sept.,  he  was  shot  in  the  shoulder,  whereby  contracting 
a  fever  he  died  a  fortnight  after,  his  worth  challenging  funerall  tears, 

^  Fuller,  Worthies,  1662,  p.  204. 
T 


274 


JOHNSON  AND  WOTTON 


being  no  less  eminent  in  the  garrison  for  his  valour  and  conduct  as 
a  soldier  than  famous  through  the  kingdom  for  his  excellency  as  an 
herbarist  and  physician.' 

Johnson  had  a  wide  circle  of  friends  and  helpers  in  addition  to 
the  socii  itmerantes  who  took  part  in  his  botanical  excursions. 
Among  others  he  mentions  GEORGE  BoWLES  of  Chiselhurst  in 
Kent ;  SiR  John  Tunstal,  gentleman  usher  to  the  Queen,  owner 
of  a  garden  at  Edgcomb,  Surrey  ;  HuGH  MORGAN,  apothecary  to 
the  Queen ;  Robert  Abbot  of  Hatfield,  a  learned  preacher ; 
John  Redman,  '  a  skilful  herbarist '  of  the  north  of  England.  The 
manner  in  which  his  friends  used  to  make  use  of  his  services  is 
shown  by  a  letter  that  is  still  extant  from  the  Provost  of  Eton, 
Sir  Henry  Wotton.^ 

To  my  very  loving  and  learned  friend  Mr.  Johnson,  apothecary,  at  his  house 
on  Snowe  Hill,  London. 

2nd  of  July  1637. 

My  Good  Friend  Mr.  Johnson, 

I  have  addressed  this  my  servant  unto  you  at  the  present  with  two  or 
three  requests.  First,  that  you  would  direct  him  where  he  may  buy  one  of  your 
Gerrards,  well  and  strongly  bound ;  next,  where  I  may  have  for  my  money  all 
kinds  of  coloured  pinks  to  set  in  a  quarter  of  my  garden,  or  any  such  flowers  as 
perfume  the  air.  Thirdly,  I  pray  let  me  consult  you  whether  you  know  any  sick 
of  that  fastidious  infirmity,  which  they  call  melancholia  hypochondriacal  where- 
with I  have  been  troubled  of  late,  but  more  with  a  symptom  very  frequent  in  that 
passion  (as  the  great  Fernelius  describes  it)  .  .  . 

Henry  Wotton. 

Johnson's  early  death  was  a  great  blow  to  Goodyer.  In  his  will 
(P.  C.  C.  ii4Twisse)  dated  11  May  1635  he  described  himself  as  Citizen  and 
Barber  surgeon  of  London.  He  left  legacies  to  his  aunt,  Mary  Cave,  5s.,  to 
William  Parker  40s.,  to  Eliz.  Parker  50s.,  to  Richard  Parker,  son  of  Wm.  P.,  ^5 
to  set  him  forth  to  prentice,  and  to  his  wife  Alice  Johnson,  his  sole  exor.,  the 
residue  of  his  estate.  The  will,  witnessed  by  W.  Parker  and  Mary  Vudell,  was 
proved  in  July  1647. 

1  Sir  Henry  Wotton  (i  568-1 639)  of  New  College,  Queen's,  and  Eton, 
diplomatist  and  poet,  is  best  remembered  by  his  exquisite  poem  The  Character 
of  a  Happy  Life.  His  letters  allude  to  contributions  to  English  horticulture 
during  the  second  tenure  of  his  office  as  Ambassador  at  Venice.   They  mention : 

'  Seeds  ?ind  roots  and  slips  of  rare  flowers  and  plants '  to  Sir  R.  Winwood. 
Oct.  1616. 

'  The  most  excellent  choice  of  those  seeds  which  his  Majesty  desireth '  to 

James  L    Dec.  1621. 
'More  melon  seeds  of  all  sorts  '  to  James  L    Dec.  1622. 

*Finocchio'  or  Italian  Fennell  (with  full  directions  for  cooking  and  eating)  to 
Tradescant.    Probably  about  the  same  time,  but  not  recorded  until  1656. 
Parkinson,  Paradisns. 
To  James  he  wrote  that  he  intended  to  examine  some  of  the  best  hortohmi  oi 
Chioggia  and  other  places  about  the  manner  of  cultivation.    He  was  in  close 
correspondence  with  Lord  Zouch,  and  may  have  also  sent  plants  to  the  Hackney 
garden.    Pearsall  Smith,  Wotton. 


32 

5) 

Glycyrhiza 

5  J 

Glycyrrhiza. 

23 

)) 

audeo 

)) 

ausim. 

23 

JJ 

possum 

>) 

possim. 

5 

>> 

est 

>) 

sit. 

II 

J5 

investigemur 

)' 

investigemus 

29 

)> 

possumus 

?) 

possimus. 

4 

J) 

potuimus 

}j 

potuerimus. 

FLORA  OF  KENT  275 

The  intimate  relations  between  Johnson  and  Goodyer  at  the  time 
when  the  former  was  preparing  his  second  edition  of  Gerard's 
Herbal^  have  often  been  alluded  to.  The  Goodyer  MSS.  throw 
further  light  on  their  intercourse  by  providing  us  with  a  detailed 
list  of  the  plant-descriptions  which  Goodyer  lent  to  Johnson  and 
subsequently  received  back  again  with  the  printers'  marks  upon 
them. 

The  copy  of  Johnson's  Iter  Plantartim  in  agriim  Cantiamnn^ 
1629,  in  the  Magdalen  Library,  appears  to  have  been  a  presentation 
copy  to  Go6dyer.  It  is  of  historical  importance  as  being  the  first 
English  local  catalogue,  and  is  marked  with  the  following  corrections 
by  the  author  (?). 

p.  3,  1.  30  for  festinante       read  festinantibus. 

4, 

4, 
6, 
6, 
7, 
9, 

II,    31  Ki^^x  Androsaemutn  qtiorundLWi  2.A(i  Park-leaves, 
13,      3     „     sit  „  quod. 

At  the  end  Goodyer  has  added  the  following  list  of  plants  : 

Solanum  lethale.  Tricomanes  seu  Capillus  Veneris  verus. 

Helicacabus.  Dryopteris. 

Viburnum.  Alleluia. 

Antirrhinum  minus.  Epicrion. 

Mille  grana  minima.              ^  Alchimilla 

Centaurium  fl:  albis.  Sanicula. 

Lysimachia  lutea.  Acer  minor. 

Alsine  serpilli  folio.  Betulus. 

Osmunda  regalis.  Calamintha  agre:  Belgarum. 

Eupatorium  Can:  mas  et  femin:  Petasites. 

Angelica  sylvest:  Gramen  Bufonium. 

Herba  paris.  Cynocrambe. 

Eleborine.  Allium  ursinum. 

Aleca.  Xyris. 

Spergula  altera  flo:  purp.  minor.  Rhamnus  catharticus. 

Ascyrum  supinum  hirsutum.  Rubia  flo:  carneo  angustifolia. 

„      palustre  rotundifolium.  flo:  rubello. 

Pentaphyllum   supinum    tormentillae  Chamaepitys. 

facie.  Aphaca. 

The  copy  of  the  1632  edition  of  the  same  work  appears  to  have 

been  the  author's  own  copy  with  his  MS.  index,  afterwards  extended 
by  How  and  used  in  the  preparation  of  his  Phytologia  (1650). 

^  A  presentation  copy  of  this  book  to  the  Apothecaries  Company  was  the  first 
contribution  to  their  Library.  With  their  other  books  it  was  probably  burnt 
in  the  Great  Fire  of  London. 

T  2 


276 


HOW 


xii.  William  How,  1619-1656. 

(See  p.  251.) 

How's  botanical  reputation  rests  upon  his  Phytologia  Britannica 
natales  exhibens  indigenarum  Stirpium  spo7ite  emergentium^  the 
book  in  which  for  the  first  time  all  the  known  plants  of  Britain  were 
garnered  together  with  their  localities.  He  was  a  Master  of  Arts 
of  five  years'  standing  of  St.  John's  College,  Oxford,  and  his  list 
comprising  1,220  plants  is  a  memorable  achievement  for  the  time. 
Apparently  owing  to  his  private  means  being  insufficient  to  permit 
of  much  travelling,  he  had  to  rely  upon  information  sent  by  other 
botanists,  with  the  result,  as  Ray  pointed  out,  that  many  exotics  and 
garden-escapes  got  included  in  his  lists.  '  The  rare  plants  were 
almost  wholly  communicated  by  his  friends,  Mr.  Stonehouse, 
Dr.  Bowles,  Mr.  Heaton,  Mr.  Loggins,  Mr.  Goodyer  and  others,  and 
he  drew  some  from  a  MS.  of  Dr.  Johnson.' 

Goodyer  may  have  become  personally  acquainted  with  How  at 
Oxford,  and  in  any  case  they  were  in  close  correspondence  both 
before  and  after  1650  when  How  was  living  in  London,  either  in 
St.  Lawrence  Lane  or  in  Milk  Street. 

The  newly  discovered  writings  of  How  appear  to  belong  to  the 
periods  immediately  preceding  and  following  the  publication  of  the 
Phytologia  Britannica.  Though  not  extensive,  they  throw  valuable 
light  on  his  relations  with  contemporary  botanists  ;  and  if  his  notes 
be  somewhat  slipshod,  we  must  remember  that  they  were  not 
intended  for  our  perusal,  and  that  he  had  but  recently  done  duty 
as  Captain  of  a  troop  of  horse  in  the  King's  army. 

First  in  time  and  in  importance  are  his  list  of  plants  and  notes 
written  at  the  end  of  what  I  believe  to  have  been  Johnson's  own  copy 
of  his  Descriptio  Itineris  .  .  .  in  agrum  Cantiannm,  A.D.  1632,  with 
MS.  index.  This  may  have  come  into  How's  possession  after  the 
death  of  Johnson  in  1644.  He  supplemented  it  with  a  further  list 
of  indigenous  plants  from  the  Herbals  of  Gerard  and  Parkinson  and 
from  other  sources  ;  and  then  no  doubt  he  developed  the  idea  of 
including  all  British  plants  in  one  comprehensive,  alphabetical  list. 
A  few  rough  notes  on  the  last  pages  almost  certainly  refer  to  his 
programme  of  work,  but  as  they  are  mostly  crossed  out  with  ink 
lines,  it  is  impossible  to  give  a  complete  transcript  of  them.  The 
meaning  of  such  remarks  as  '  Review  both  ye  Herballs  againe  and 
take  all ',  is  clear,  and  the  references  to  persons  may  be  of  historical 
importance.  The  names  mentioned  I  believe  to  be  those  of 
T.  Johnson,  Parkinson,  the  Rev.  Walter  Stonehouse  then  exiled  from 
his  Darfield  living,  Bobart  of  Oxford,  Leonard  Buckner  and  Edward 


^l&'l'^^i^^'^^'.  /^;^'.r^wrtr-..^t7^.V  jf'^'<^^'^'f^^'''^^^^  . 


OBLITKRATKD   T.KTTKR   BY   JOHN  PARKINSON 


It  M 


Johnson's  Index  \  How's  ^  additionated  j^lants 

FIRST   DRAFT   OF   A   BRITISH   FLORA   BY  HOW 
MS.  additions  to  Johnson  s  Descriptio  Itincris  in  Agnim  Cantiannm,  l6j2 


THE  FIRST  BRITISH  FLORA  277 

Morgan  of  Westminster.  His  notes  for  planning  his  work,  such  as 
'  Remember  ye  English  names  to  bee  last  placed  '  Remember  to 
give  ye  proper  name  in  Latin  of  ye  place  where  each  plant 
flourisheth &c.,  have  the  appearance  of  being  the  advice  of  some 
botanical  friend  of  experience. 

The  following  extract  gives  an  idea  of  his  controversial  style 
of  writing : 

Anchusa  Alcibiadion  "Xyxufrn-    Fucus  herba.  Onocleia. 
Buglossa  Hispanica,  Red  Alkanet,  crescit  isola  Thanet. 

X  Ger.  ema. :  I  doubt  whether  our  author  found  any  of  these  in  the 
place  here  set  downe,  for  I  have  sought  it  but  failed  of  finding ;  yet  if  he 
found  any  it  was  only  the  first  described,  for  I  think  the  other  three  are 
strangers. 

X  Our  Johnson  uses  not  his  usuall  charges  for  heere  hee  gooes  about 
to  confute  with  a  'for-I-thinke  and  seconds  it  with  as  good  an  argument 
from  an  Hypothesis  (if  hee  found  any,  it  was  onely  ye  first),  and  why  not  as 
well  ye  other  three,  since  hee  confesses  afterwards  in  both  his  Catalogues 
ye  Anchusa  minor,  ye  3^'^  of  these,  to  bee  our  countrey  plant. 

Anchusa  lutea.    Yellow  Alkanet. 

[How  MS.  in  Johnson's  Desc.  Itin.  Cant.  1632,  f.  6  v.] 

At  the  end  of  the  volume  are  the  following  memoranda,  but  so 
dreadfully  scored  over  as  to  be  almost  illegible : 

Qu.  whether  some  plants  which  are  given  by  Johnson  in  his  Itineraries  to 

bee  non  descript.,  are  not  described  by  Parkinson  ? 
Putt  him  nondes  nere  ye  additionated  plants  and  ye  and  see  whether 

they  be  contained  (?)  in  Mr.  Holybyn's  Catalogue. 

 montanum  sylvestre  Anglicum  ut  agagua  CI  

Remember  ye  English  names  to  bee  last  placed.    Consult  how  many  plants 

wee  have  added  in  our  treatise  by  telling  ye  old,  ye  remainder,  ij  ye 

number. 

Mr.  Holloway  hath  Stonhous  papers  manuscript. 
To  all  Johnsons  new  plants,  put  Jonh.  MS. 

Remember  to  ye  plants  to  put  their  titles,     as       Bowie,  M^'.  M,     and  So 

every  man's  name  to  his  plant. 
Remember  to  give  ye  proper  name  in  Latin  of  ye  place  where  each  plant 

flourisheth,  and  to  bee  carefull  to  f .  .  .  . 
Review  ye  spelling  of  names  of  Townes  by  Cambden's  Brittan  : 
vid.  2  Eriffe. 

[i.  Wulwich]  ....  Kent 
[2.  Eryth]^     ....  Oxfords 

^  In  Johnson's  writing. 

Review  both  ye  Herballs  againe  and  take  all.    Remember  to  insert  againe 
Apiuin  sylvestre.    See  whether  you  putt  downe  ye  Aristolochia.  .  .  . 

Anonis  you  must  adde  to  Anonis  3  more  Auricula  muris  repens 

.  .  .  Auricula  see  w*^^  of  them  growe  wild.  Birds'  eyes,  see  them — none 
wilde. 


278  HOW 

Remember  to  insert  Jonhsons  (szc)  Author  (?)  nere  Parkinson*s  .... 
Borrowe  a  Coopers  Dictionary.    English  Catalogue. 

Asarina  

Consult  ye  place  amicorum  benevolentia. 

[4  lines  illegible.] 

Send  to  Bobert  about  ye  Millegrana  non  descr.  whether  to  Gr.  d.  E.  .  .  . 

Remember  Mr  Bucner  to  send  for  ye  Bupleur  and  Caucalis.  Send  to 
Dr.  Browne  and  asist  Mr  

Abrotanum  non  antea  repertum  in  descript.    Then  each  plant's  place 

of  and  ye  places  you  have  found  out,  faithfully  dealt  all  ye 

English  fruites  which  are  not  described,  ye  pharmacutists  about  such 
as  Bedaguar  Fungus  sambucinus  met  of  ye  Parson  of  St.  James. 
Ubi  sativus  inveni  vulg  sativus. 

Observe  ye  same  letters  in  our  printed  peece  as  there  is  in  ye  Welsh  Cata- 
logue.   Those  which  have  .  .  . 

Send  to  Stonehouse.         Consult  Morgan  about  Orchis.         Mr.  Crosse. 

Reade  ye  Catalogue  Epistle  onlye  ....  all  plants  yt  are  to  be  blotted  out 
better  be  done  on  ye  former  Catalogue,  because  they  are  worse  described 
there.  [How  MS.  at  end  of  Johnson's  Desc.  Itin.  Cant.  1632.] 

How  published  his  Phytologia  in  1650:  though  anonymous  it 
must  at  once  have  made  his  reputation  as  a  botanist,  and  have 
brought  him  into  correspondence  with  other  plant-lovers  who  sent 
memoranda  of  plants  which  he  had  omitted.  The  names  of  these 
he  entered  in  an  interleaved  copy  of  his  book  which  he  kept  care- 
fully corrected  with  a  view  to  a  revised  and  enlarged  edition. 
Among  those  who  gave  him  valuable  help  were  Goodyer,  Browne, 
and  Hunnibon,^  and  he  for  the  first  time  had  the  advantage  of 
looking  through  the  manuscripts  of  Lobel  and  of  Dr.  Penny.  That 
Goodyer  put  his  knowledge  freely  at  the  service  of  all  true  workers 
alike,  is  proved  by  the  fact  that  at  this  time  he  was  also  assisting 
another  person,  believed  to  have  been  Dr.  Dale,  in  the  compilation 
of  a  very  similar  Catalogue  of  British  Plants.  That  the  idea  of 
a  complete  British  Flora  was  very  much  to  the  fore  in  Goodyer's 
mind  is  proved  by  his  communications  to  How  (MS.  18),  by  his 
abstracts  from  the  Phytologia  (MS.  ff.  33-7),  by  the  Dale  (?)-Goodyer 
Catalogue  of  British  Pla^tts  (MSS.  8  and  9),  and  by  his  Index  to 
the  English  plants  localized  in  Gerard's  Herbal  (MS.  16). 

Further  information  concerning  How's  activities  in  the  period 
immediately  following  the  issue  of  the  Phytologia  is  contained  on 
a  small  scrap  of  paper  measuring  3x4  inches,  with  his  memoranda, 
characteristically  struck  out. 

^  '  Dr.  How  had  2  Apothecaries  to  help  him  in  composing  y®  Phytologia 
brittanica'    John  Ward's  Diary.    Perhaps  Hunnibon  was  one  of  them. 


PHYTOLOGIA  BRITANNICA 


279 


My  Ld.  Hatton's  letters  with  seeds.  Morines  plants.  Dr.  Morisons  2  Corre- 
spondence. Exper:  Phy:  Brit:  Deliver  Anderson's  letter.  (2^.  way  of  Corre- 
spondence.   Goades  buisinesse  (.''). 

Sends  Ld.  L.  at  Tibr:  All  maner  of  seeds 

Monday  Committee  what  plants  you  think  you 

Kay  pro  horse,  Statim.  Dubble  flourd  Apple 

Proyne  Wild, Anderson  Phyt.  Str.  111.  Black  Cherry 

pro  Stone,  Sedum  maius  arborescens 

Ye  preparacon  of  sublimatum  Cu-  Jasminum  Indicum  luteum 

pum  vide  ye  Paper.  Seeds  sent  by  Phyllitis  multifida  foliis  crispis 

Cadell  dead  since  in  these  partes, 

which  I  hope  you  have.    i^..  Letter  in  Milk  Street  finds  mee 

Parthenium 
Lilac 

Answere  both  Dr.  Morisons  letters 
have  

I  have  all  Plant  bookes  for  dressing  Pinax,  what  bookes  I  am  about. 

[How  MS.  bound  with  Goodyer  MS.  il,  f.  169.] 

Dr.  MORLSON  was  at  this  time  abroad  in  charge  of  the  Duke  of 
Orleans'  garden  at  Blois.  Full  of  energy  and  enthusiasm  for  his 
subject,  he  wrote  to  How  about  the  Phytologia,  and  sent  him 
a  pressing  request  for  a  number  of  plants  which  we  have  printed  on 
p.  355.  If  How  ever  executed  the  order,  some  of  the  additions  then 
made  to  the  Duke's  garden  should  appear  in  the  Catalogues  ^  that 
were  printed  in  1653  and  1669. 

Lord  Hatton  transmitted  his  interest  in  Botany  to  his  son 
Charles,  who  acquired  the  Boccone  MSS.  that  were  edited  by 
Morison  in  1674. 

MORINE  may  have  been  the  '  ordinary  gardener  '  of  Paris  who 
became  '  one  of  the  most  skilful  and  curious  persons  in  France.  .  .  . 
His  garden  is  of  an  exact  oval  figure,  planted  with  cypress  cut  flat 
&  set  as  even  as  a  wall :  the  tulips,  anemones,  ranunculuses,  crocuses, 
etc.,  are  held  to  be  of  the  rarest,  and  draw  all  the  admirers  of  that 
kind  to  his  house  during  the  season  '.^ 

MS,  Additions  by  How  to  his  copy  of  the  '  Phytologia  Britanntca  \ 
Between  i6jo  and  i6j6, 

A  certain  number  of  the  plant-names  and  notes  that  How  wrote 
in  his  interleaved  Phytologia  have  been  quoted  by  Druce  and  others. 
They  are  of  sufficient  historical  importance  to  be  worth  printing  in 
full — or  at  least  as  far  as  they  are  legible. 

*  Brunyer,  Hortits  Blesensis,  1653  ;  Morison,  Hortus  Regius  Blesensis,  1669. 
^  Evelyn,  Diary,  2  April  1644.    The  plants  that  Tradescant  had  from  him  in 
1 63 1  are  noted  on  p.  331. 


HOW'S  MS.  RECORDS  1650-6 


Hows  MS,  notes  on  f.  i. 

Plantae  in  aspectu  in  convictu  nobis,  semperque  ad  manum,  nec 

fuga,  nec  ullis  proripiuntur  latibulis. 
Universus  fere  ager  amoenissimum  viridarium. 

Rariores  quaedam  et  nondum  quoad  sciam  exhibitae,  ac  a  me 
observatae  cum  suis  descriptionibus  plantae  commemorantur,  ut 
quae  adhuc  laterent  publico  vix  donarem,  et  ut  quisque  de  iis, 
earumque  facultatibus  apptius  indicaret. 
Denique  suas  cuique  plantae  vires  aut  proprietates  quam  brevi  ac 
dilucide  fieri  potuit  annexi  nec  quisquam  sibi  nomina  varietati 
tanquam  labyrintho  incumberet  sed  cum  iisdem  facultates  etiam 
exploratas  haberet. 

Vid.  Phyt.  Pion  4*^ 
Gaine  I  was  for  Goodyers  Plants  and  des[criptions]  :  ye  like  for 
Brownes,  Lobells  [and  Pennyes  MS.  w*=^  review  for  names  etc. 
{erased)]. 

Insert  fig:  iterum  in  Desc[ript!ones]. 
Herbidos  campos  perlustratur. 
Hanc  nostratem  ^AvroKpar  avrapKLav  Botanicae. 
Vid.  Epis.  alt.  libr :  ad  Coll.  Med. 

Cynoglossum  flora  albo       neere  Redding. 

Arctium  montanum  et  Lappa  minor  Gal.  Lob.  Button  burr.  Man- 
gersfield  in  Mr.  Langlyes  yard,  ill  left  out  in  yore  Catal. 

Acinos  Anglica  flora  albo  in  Salisbury  faild  neere  Basing  stoake. 
D.  Dale. 

Varbascum  syl:  siva  4.  Math:         groweth  naturaly  about  ye  seate  of 

S*"  Th:  Hanson  called  Toplow  neere  Maydenhead. 
Erica  tenuifolia  caliculata,  Ger:    hirsuta  Anglica,  Bauh:    ericeto  Hamste- 

diano. 

Cardamine  maior  flora  albo. 
Bugula  flora  carneo. 
Urtica  foliis  variegatis. 

Speculum  veneris  maius        in  a  ditch  adioyning  to  St.  Georges  feildes. 
Primula  veris  flore  pleno  viridi     )  p        r  -i 
„        ,,    sive  Paralysis  fatuaj  *  ^  Jj 
Arum  non  maculatum,  Park. 
Arundo  anglica  multifida,  Park. 
Malva  syl:  flora  albo,  Morg. 

Millefolium  pennatum,  Bauh.       neere  Cambridge, 

Ballote  flore  albo       neere  [Cholsy  erased]  at  Tadenham  ye  south  side 

of  Mr.  Crofts  house  Warwickshire. 
Filago  minor,  Lob:       neere  Petersfield. 
[Holosteum  non  descr.        ?  ye  place  Goodyer  {erased).] 
Alsine  aquatica  Portulacae  fac:       left  out. 


HOW'S  MS.  RECORDS  1650-6 


281 


Hieratium  montanum       at  Mangersfield  in  Mr.  Langtons  yard 

Cannabis  spuria  altera  flore  purpureo.    i  Cat. 

Saxifraga  antiquorum,       not  inserted. 

Absinthium  marinum  spica  erecta. 

[Bellis  flore  herbaceo  globoso  non  descr.,  M.  (erased).] 

Foeniculum       at  Rie  —  Leucoii  folii.    Qu.  D. 

Primula  veris  polyanthos,  M.       at  great  Wulford  Wood. 

Agrifolium  folio  variegato       Hampsted  and  in  ye  North. 

Serpillum  magnum  latifolium       neere  [Sr.  W.  Walters  Oxfordshire  erased] 

at  Sarsden  betweene  ye  house  and  ye  pond  garden  of  Sr.  W.  Walter. 
Geranium  columbinum  flore  albo. 

Carduus  vulgatissimus  fl.  albo       in  little  Wulford  field,  Warwickshire. 
Geranium  Rupertianum  flore  albo       in  a  close  betweene  little  Wulford 

and  Bacton,  Warwickshire. 
Perfol:  purp.  vulg.  fl.  albo       by  Whichford  wood,  Warwickshire. 
Consolida  maior  fl.  cinericeo.  Redding. 
Chamomelum  nudum  bullato  flore.       Tuthill  feildes. 
Peryclymenum  dissectis  foliis.       St.  John  Wood. 
Lamium  elegans  fl.  lut.  foliis  variegatis       neere  Wulwich. 
Tubera  terrae. 

Polium  montanum       neere  Maidstone. 
Lamium  rubrum  pumilum. 

Lamium  rubrum  non  serratum.       Qu,  an  diff:  a.  i 

Lamium  rubrum  foliis  variegatis. 

Beta  marina       neere  Lewis. 

Tapsus  barbatus  fl.  albo       at  Weston. 

jFo/w  2 

Carduus  lanceolatus  fl.  alb.,  M.       St.  James. 
Rosmarinum  syl.  minus  nostras,  Park. 
Scabiosa  ovilla  flore  albo.,  M. 
Sideritis  hederulae  fol.,  Park, 
Senecio  foliis  variegatis. 
Typha.  )  ^ 

Senecio  sentilis  ?  ( 
Vicia  bisiliq.    Qu.  G. 

Alsine  {Qu.  Holilas  sen)  minor.    Androsace  alterius  Mathioli  facie,  Bauh 
Prod. 

[Found  by  Mr.  Halilah,  Apothecary,  in  Lincolnshire.    Merret,  Finax.] 

G.  spartium  capillaceo  folio  minimum,  Ger.  em.  Ericet:  Hamp: 

Quercus  lapidea,  Lithoxylum,  Ligna  lapidea.    Ad.  Lob. 

Sium  maius  angustifolium. 

Serpillum  vulgare  flore  albo. 

Nymphaea  lutea  minor  flore  parvo,  Catal.  i. 

Pulegium  regium  vulg.  maius,  Park. 


282 


HOW'S  MS.  RECORDS  1650-6 


Lychnis  minor  Anglica,  Park. 

Atriplex  syl.  Halimi  fol.,  eiusd. 

Pilosella  minima,  eiusd. 

Muscus  ex  cranio  humane. 

Caucalis  Anglica  fl.  rubente,  Park.  919.^ 

Pimpinella  saxifraga  minor  nostras,  eiusd.  946. 

[Genista  spinosa  minor,  Park,  {erased).] 

Rubus  saxatilis  Alpinus. 

Lotus  corniculatus  frutescens,  P.  1102. 

Lotus  corniculatus  minor  pilosus,  ibid. 

Hordeum  spontaneum  elatius,  sive  maius,  P.  1147. 

G.  bromoides  maximum  hirtum,  11 49. 

G.  avenaceum  pratense,  ibid. 

G.  bromoides  segetum  latiore  panicula,  ibid. 

G.  avenaceum  murorum  erectum,  ibid. 

G.  avenaceum  supinum  arvense. 

G.  avenac:  sup:  flosculis  secalinis,  ibid. 

G.  avenaceum  exile  moUicellis  foliis,  ibid.  All  theese  oaten  grasses 
grow  in  ye  feildes  of  this  land  according  to  Park. ;  bold  assertions  yett 
hee  has  no  such  warrant  from  Lob.  111.,  from  whence  hee  gathered 
them  for  rendring  this  exile  moUicellis  foliis  spontaneall. 

G.  arundinaceum  panicula  miliacea,  1153. 

G.  montanum  panicula  miliacea  sparsa,  50  in  Prod.,  G.  miliaceum  alterum, 
P.  1 1 53,  sine  Ic. 

G.  arund:  Sorghi  panicula  sparsa,  52  Prod.,  G.  Sorghinum  alterum, 

P.  1 153,  sine  Ic. 
G.  paniceum  syl.  Anglicum,  P.  1155,  sine  Ic. 
G.  cristatum  Anglicum,  P.  1156,  cristatum  Britannicum,  L.  S.  111.'^ 
G.  cristatum  spica  multiplici,  P.  1160. 
Phalaris  pratensis  maior,  P.  11 64. 

G.  alopecuroides  cuspidatum  maximum  Anglicum,  P.  1167,  L.  S.  111. 
G.  alop:  spica  aspera  brevi,  et  longa,  P.  1169. 
G.  alopec:  cuspidatum  minus  et  minimum,  ibid. 

G.  cyperoides  Anglicum  parum  lanosum  maius  et  minus,  P.  11 72,  neere 

High  gate.    ?  L.  S.  111.  2  variet. 
G.  iunceum  medium  et  minus,  P.  11 90,       in  ye  woode  neere  highgate, 

?  L.  S.  111. 

Juncus  capitulis  equiseti  alter,  P.  1195,  L.  S.  111. 
Juncellus  capitulis  equiseti  fluitans,  P.  1196. 
Spartum  minimum  Anglicum,  P.  1199. 
Equisetum  omnium  minus  tenuifolium,  P.  1201. 

Anagallis  aq:,  sive  Becabunga  maior,  P.  1237.  An:  aq:  ma:  fol.  subrot. 
Bauh. 

*  These  references  are  to  Parkinson,  Theatrtim  Botanicum^  1640. 
Lobel,  Stirpium  Illustrationes. 


HOW'S  MS.  RECORDS  1650-6 


283 


Sagittaria  minor  angustifolia,  P.  1246. 

G.  Arundin:  sericea  molliore  spica,  P.  1273,  L.  S.  111.  45. 

G.  maritimum  vulgato  canario  simile,  P.  1278,  L.  S.  III.  24. 

Muscus  arboreus  nodosus,  sive  geniculatus,  P.  131 1. 

Muscus  aridus  crustatus,  P.  13 13,  vid.  loc.  Bauh.  Pin. 

Fungus  Cambro-Brit.  Corallii   rub.  colore   multis   lineis  nigricantibus 

maculisque  luteis  orbiculatis  insignibus,  P.  1221. 
Fungus  parvus  nigricans  crenatus,  P.  1322,       about  Hackney. 
Fungus  cinarae  formae,  P.  1224,       at  Ripton  neere  Ashford  in  Kent. 
Acer  montanum,  P.  1426. 
Primula  veris  Raii,  M.    Qu.  loc. 

Quercus  natalitiis  Dni  virens,       ye  Christmas  greene  oake,  P.  1646, 

neere  ye  Castle  of  Malwood  Hampshire,  Kg.  J.  went  to  visit  and 

caused  it  to  bee  paled  about. 
Glycirrhiza  syl:  alt:  fl:  puniceis  fol.  Arachi,  Glaux  quaedam  leguminosa 

herbariorum  Adv:  Bauh.  Hist.  PI.  I.  17  juxta  agrorum  viarumque 

margines  obviam  sese  dat  in  Anglia, 
Hieracium  Chondrillae  fol.  glabrum,  Bauh.  Hier.  5,  sive  Aphacoides,  Tab. 

Ger. 

Ulmus  foliis  luteis       at  Fulham. 

Hieracium  Alpinum  asperum  Conyzae  facie  Bauh.  Hierac.  Brit.,  vel  4  Clus. 
Pan.  et  Hist.  H.  latif:  mont:  Genevense  fol.  long:  maior:  Monsp. 
J.  B.  H.  P.  1.  24,  p.  1026.  Borealibus  Britanniae  regionibus  sponte 
crescit. 

Lychnis  syl:  foliis  variegatis  fl.  albo.    Qu.  M. 
Virga  aurea  subrotundo  fol.       in  Surry. 

Ascyrum,   sive   Hypericum   bifolium  glabrum  non   perforatum,  Bauh. 

Hypericum  in  dumetis,  nascens  i  Trag:  Hyper.  Ascyron  dictum, 

caule  quadrangulo  J.  B.  H.  P.  I.  29,  p.  382,  ic.  ib. 
Androsemon,  Tur.       In  vinario  sionis  saepe  observavit. 
Gentianella  brevi  fol.,  Bauh:    non  procul  Douera. 
Anchusa  Echii  foliis  et  floribus,  Bauh:    arvis  argillosis. 
Anthyllis  chamaepityides  frutescens,  Bauh. 

Paralysis  inodora  calycibus  dissectis,  Raii:        not  farre  from  Kynlett  ^  in 

Worcestershire:     P.  Par. 
Euphrasia  coerulea       not  far  from  Canterbury,  Mr.  Hunnibon. 
Pseudonarc.  fl.  plen.  Ger.  Angl.  fl.  plen.    P.  P.  ser. 

Serpillum  foetidum  Goodyeri,  on  ye  chalkie  downes  2  or  3  miles  from 
Petersfield. 

Papaver  cornutum  flore  phoeniceo.  Adv.  241. 

Gentianella  brevi  fol:  Bauh.,  minima  L.  ob.  copiose  provenit  Angliae 
septentrionalis  coUibus. 

^  Probably  Kinlet  in  Shropshire  near  Cleobury  Mortimer,  about  a  mile  from 
the  Worcester  border  (T.R.G.-P.). 


284 


HOW'S  MS.  RECORDS  1650-6 


Mollugo  mont.  angustif:  B:  vulgatior    Herbariorum.    L.  Ob. 
Corallina  fruticosa  purpurea,  B:    rubens  Antiphatis  faire,  L.  Ob. 
Imperatoria  Ad.  Lob:  Tab.  Ger:       about  Morpeth  in  ye  north  parke, 
Tur.  p.  37. 

Ribesium  fructu  rubro  Dod:    Ribes  Fuch.  Turn:         by  a  water's  side  at 

Clover  in  Somersetsh: 
Cyclamen       in  ye  west  country  of  Engl:  Turn:  in  his  booke  intituled  Ye 

names  of  Herbes. 
Jacobaea  montana       neere  Lewis. 
Hieracium  lonchites,  Bauh.  B.  Plants. 

Lactuca  agnina  rosea,       neere  red  Morly. 
Capillus  veneris  verus,       neere  Lydberry. 
Cynoglossum  fl.  carneo,       neere  Bath. 
Alsine  foliis  Trissaginis  variat  fl.  albo. 
Chamaedris  syl:  variat.  fl.  albo. 
Sedum  aestivum  minus. 
Plantago  latifolia  serrata. 

Folio  3. 

Lagopus  maximus  fl.  rubro,  P.       nere  red  Morley. 

Ranunculus  fl:  lut:  galericulato,       at  Yatton. 

Geranium  batrachoides  fl.  variegato,       neere  Kidermaster  Pitts. 

2.  Pin:  Gentiana  maior  ii  Clus:  fl:  coeruleo       neere  Bath. 

Artemisia  foliis  variegatis       neere  Alchurch. 

Anagallis  maxima  latifolia       neere  Lidborough. 

Cracca  minima  variat.  flore  albo. 

Ascyrum  maius       neere  Worcester. 

Muscus  stellatus  roseus,  Bauh:  Park.       neere  red  Morly. 

Daucus  proliferus,         Qu.  lo:  Jolyfl". 

Verbascum  nigr.  salvifol:  purp.  fl.  Adv:  241.  ii  et  nigrum  latifolium  luteum 
eiusd.  242. 

Juncus  capitulo  lanuginoso,  sive  Schoenolaguros,  in  Prod:  Juncus  Alpinus 
cum  Cauda  Leporina.  J.  B.  H.  P.  Moss  crops.  In  ericetis  nudis, 
Cambro-Britann.  et  Comit:  Salop. 

e  Lob.  MS. 

Equisetum  minus  omnium  tenuifolium. 
Synanchia  altera  Angliae,  sive  minor. 

Rapistrum  aliud  syl.  non  bulbosum,  P.  862.  Rapistrum  fl.  lut.  alterum 
L.  S.  111. 

Cardamine  alpina  sive  media,  vid.  Clus:  cxxviii. 
Thlaspi  alterum  siliquosum. 

Planta  juxta  Heigate  reperta,  vid.  nom.  in  Pin.  Bauh. 
Sonchus  laevis  alter  Danicus  aut  Anglicus  folio  profundis  laciniis  sinuato 
fl.  lut. 

Hier:  alt:  fol.  obtuse  laciniatis  fibrosa  radice,  Qu.  MS.  L.  S.  111. 


HOW'S  MS.  RECORDS  1650-6 


285 


Brassica  marina  folio  suaverubente,  L.  S.  111. 
Beta  maritima  syl.  spontanea  eiusque  varietates. 
Beta  maritima  syl:  minor. 

Atriplex  maritima  altera  Osyridis  aut  Scopariae  fol.,  sive  minima. 

Atripl.  maritim.  angustifol:  2  et  3. 

Limonium  medium  Anglicum. 

Hellebor.  2  Clus.  sterilis  planta. 

Campanula  coerulea  supina. 

Lychnis  arvensis  anglica. 

Pulegium  vulg:  maius  minus  repens  cubitalis  altitudinis. 

Scabiosa  montana  minor  capitulo  squarroso,  Bauh.  Pin.  270,  in  collibus 

Kantii  non  procul  Kingshey. 
G.  vulgatiss:  pratense  elatius  tertium. 

G.  ruderum  etiamque  arvorum,  L.  S.  111.  6,        multis  locis  Ag.  Lond. 
gaudet. 

G.  quoddam  modo  supinum  vulg:  latiusculo  binum  et  ternum  unciarum 

complicato  folio. 
G.  maritimum  vulgatissimo  pratensi  gramini  congener  aut  str. 
G.  marit.  alt.  sive  2  elatius. 

G.  marit.  3  vulgari  str.,  supinum,  exigua  avenacea  gluma. 
G.  dulce  udorum,  vid.  Bauh.  pag.  2,  Gr.  vi. 
Gr.  minimum  Anglo-Brittan. 

Folio  4. 

Gr.  exile  vicinorum  maris  aggerum,  P.  1278,  numerosa  gracillimorum  latius- 

culorum  uncialium  foliorum  sobole. 
Gr.  omnium  minimum,  Anglo-Britan.  alterum. 
G.  aquat.  longius  radicatum  spicata  avenacea  gluma. 
G.  tenuifol.  exile  Britan:  ex  genere  Xerampelini  graminis 
G.  maritimum  Vectis  Insulae  Anglo-Britt. 

G.  cuspid:  tenui  torosa  villosa  spicata  gluma,  Panici  granulis  prodita. 

G.  phalaroides  tremulum  max:  comosa  elegantius  gluma        provenit  in 

quibusdam  collibus  Britan. 
G.  tremulum  minus  alterum  Aquitanicum  et  Anglicum. 
G.  hirsutum  nemorum  latioribus  maioribusque  foliis  praecox  vernum. 
G.  hirsutum  sive  exile  ferrugineum. 

G.  Anglo-Britan:  exilis  hirsuti  graminis  differentia  Boelii. 
G.  cyperoides  aculeatum,  sive  .  .  (?)  natum  aquaticum  alterum. 
G.  cyp:  minimum  panicula  subflava.  Lob.  Ad:  part.  2. 
G.  cyp:  minimum  nigricante  panicula.  Lob.  Ad.  p.  2,  nullis  uliginosis 
pratis  Anglo-Br. 

G.  cyp:  palustre  longius  spicatum  Anglo-Brit:  acerosum  et  echinatum. 

G.  cyp:  minimum  Boel:  tenuifol:  puis  percaulem  dissectis  torulis.  Provenit 

in  Angl.-Britt. 
G.  cyp:  sparsa  panicula       altae  portae  (  =  Highgate). 


286 


HOW'S  MS.  RECORDS  1650-6 


G.  cyp:  aquat:  tenui,  triquetro,  longoque  caule,  meduUoso,  junceo,  bicubi- 

tali  altioreque  caule. 
G.  cyp.  comosa  torulis  distincta  sparsa  panicula  palustre.  Anglo-Britan. 
G.  cyp.  eleganti  multifera  congesta  spica.  Anglo-Britt. 
G.  cyp.  sylvarum  tenuius  spicatum. 

G.  cyp:  gracile  alterum  glomeratis  torulis,  spatio  distantibus. 

G.  iuncoides  alterum  minus  granatum,       comitat:  Kantii. 

Gramines  parvus  gracilis  Juncellus       Altae  Portae. 

G.  iuncoides  tenuissimum  subfuscis  torulis  apiculis  carentibus  proditum. 

G.  iunc:  minimum  An.-Britt.     Holosteo  Math:  congener,  aut  Bufonis 

gramini  Flandrico  et  varietas. 
Mentha  syl:  verticillata  tetri  odoris. 
G.  Xerampelinum  exile.    Ang.  B. 
Angl.  B.    Panici  effigies  Gn.  syl:  L.  S.  111. 

Verbascum  nigrum  flore  albo       betvveene  Chesilhurst  &  Greenwitch. 

Plantago  latifolia  incana  spicis  variis,  Bauh.  Pin.  789. 

PI.  peregr.  latif:  Gareti  Clus.  Hist. 

Plantag.  latif.  rosea  multiformis,  P.  494. 

PI.  ros.  incana  latifol:    L.  MS.  gave  ye  Engl,  name  of  Park. 

PI.  angustif.  rosea,  Park.  495. 

PI.  5-ner.  alt:  sive  angustif:  roseo,  folioso,  sparso  radiato  fastigio.    L.  MS. 

In  borealibus  Angliae  tractibus  utramque  latifoliam,  incanam  roseam 

et  banc  spontaneam  esse  intellexi. 

Sium  foliis  dissectis.  )  ^  i^ 

c,.  u  11-    J      1         J-   f  C^^^.  P.  ye  name  place. 

Smm  umbellis  ad  caulem  nudis.)  ^        ->  ^ 

Pimpinella  saxifraga  maxima.  I  •  -pT 

Pimpinella  saxifraga  maior  foliis  dissectis.  j  ^ 

Spina  acuta  biflora  Britannica.  Park.  1025,  sive  Oxyacantha. 

Erynus  Math:       in  Hampshire. 

Juncus  triquetrus       by  ye  horsferry. 

Sambucus  laciniatis  foliis       Dr.  Jolyff^  neere  Winchester. 

Origanum  roseum  surculis  densis,       on  Polstead  downe  in  Compton 

parish  nigh  Gilford. 
Geranium  violaceum       at  Putinham  neere  Gilford. 

Orchis  foliis  sessilibus  non  maculatis,  Bauh.:  5  Clus.  rar.  Plant,  pag.  268. 

Similem  etiam  observabam  mdxxci  in  pratis  urbi  Londinensi  in 

Anglia  proximis,  ubi  et  aliam  eruebam  grandiore  paulo  fiorum  purpu- 

rorum  spica  teterrimi  foetoris. 
Gentianella  angustifolia  autumnalis  minor  floribus  ad  latera  pilosis^,  Bauh. 

Gent,  autumnal:  fol:  Centaur:  min:  flor:  coerul:  Eyst:,  Gentianella 

^  Probably  GEORGE  JOYLIFFE,  who  entered  Wadham  College  in  1637, 
migrated  to  Pembroke,  and  took  his  M.A.  in  1643,  being  then  a  lieutenant 
under  Lord  Hopton  in  the  Royalist  army.  He,  with  Dr.  Clayton,  discovered 
the  Lymphatics  in  the  liver  about  1651.  Samuel  Pepys  was  one  of  his  patients. 
Power,  Trans.  Med.  Soc.  xl. 


HOW'S  MS.  RrXORDS  1650-6 


287 


autumnalis  Centaur,  minor  fol:  Park:  pag.  406.  Among  his  names 
there  hee  informes  you  yt  it  is  ye  x  Gentian  of  Clus:  wch  if  you 
compare  theire  Icons  you  will  find  it  to  bee  Gentiana  ir  minima 
Clus:  pag.  316,  and  further  affirmes  it  to  be  Gentiana  minima  of  Lob: 
wch  Plant  Bauh:  worthily  rankes  under  ye  following  title,  not  farre 
from  ye  ruines  of  ye  old  Citty  Verulam  neere  S*^  Albans. 

Gentianella  brevi  fol:,  Bauh:  Gentianella  minima.  Lob:  Gentiana  x  sive 
Gent,  fugax  4  Clus:  rar.  Plant,  pag.  315.  Memini  et  in  Britannia 
observare,  non  procul  Douera  Sept:  partim  dilutiore  colore  florentem 
partim  semine  pregnantem. 

Alsine  hirsuta  minor,  Bauh:,  prope  Rochester. 

Fucus  marit.  alter  tuberculis  pauciss:,  Bauh.    marinus  4  Dod. 

Fucus  spongiosus  ramosus. 

Fucus  foUiculaceus  foeniculi  folio  longiore,  Bauh.    Ferulaceus,  Lob. 
Helleborus  pratensis  latifolius,       it  growes  in  meddowes  about  Lich- 

borough  in  Northamptonshire.  |    Br.  lett  ^ 
Serratula  flore  albo.  j     non  descr. 

How's  MS,  additions  on  leaves  introduced  in  body  of  book. 

Acorus  verus  offic.  falso  Calamus  cum  Julo,  Calamus  gromaticus  vulgo  Ger.  em. 
pag.  63.  I  received  from  Mr.  Th.  Glyn  of  Glynrlhinon  in  Carnarvonsh: 
ye  pretty  Julus  or  flower  of  this  plant,  which  I  could  never  see  heere 
about  London,  though  it  groweth  with  us  in  many  gardens  and  yet  in 
great  plenty.  I  rec'^:  divers  of  them  wth  elegant  flowers  in  June  from 
Dr.  Browne  ^  who  found  them  in  severall  places  of  Norfolk,  theese  grew  in 
Witton  fens. 

Alnus  nigra  baccifera,  Tab.  Lob.    Frangula,  Matth. 

Est  et  species  Frangulae  fructu  rubro  proveniens  in  Angliae  Comit. 
Somerset:  prope  aedes  D.  Thyn,  an  Vaccinium  Plin:  Lugd: 
Althaea  Ibiscus.    Marsh  Mallowes. 

Variat  maioribus  foliis  et  stipite  littoreis  circa  Gravesend. 
Anagallis  foemina  flore  caeruleo.    Female  Pbnpei'nell. 

Faemina  folia  habet  paulo  quam  in  mare  maiora,  ima  parte  punctis  nigri- 
cantibus  multis  insignita.  Crescit  copiose  inter  segetes  iuxta  Stanford. 
Anonis  foliis  maioribus  leniter  crenatis  flore  luteo,  in  viis  pratls  non  procul 
Bristolia. 

Aquilegia  flore  caeruleo.  Coliunbine.  In  a  wood  within  10  miles  of  London 
Kent. 

Arbutus  unedo.    At  Bellamont  3  miles  from  Dublyn. 

Asarina  foliis  Asari,  Bauh:  Asarina,  Math:  Nec  dispar  foliis  et  odore  Asarina 
devexa  angusta  via  qua  itur  Clover  versus  Mendiep  ubi  efifoditur  plumbum. 
Florem  videre  non  contigit  illo  tempore  quo  iliac  iter  faciebam  cauliculis 
serpit. 

Ballote,  Marrubium  nigrum  foetidum.    Stinking  Horehound. 
Variat  flore  albo    neere  Gravesend. 

^  The  well-known  author  of  the  Religio  Medici. 


288 


HOW'S  MS.  RECORDS  1650-6 


Bellis  minor  vulgaris.    Little  Daisyes. 

Bellis  minor  flore  viridi  globoso,    at  Mr.  Sheldens  wood  at  Weston, 
Warwickshire. 

Betonica  vulgaris.  Betony. 

Variat  in  sylvis  angustioribus  aut  rotundioribus  foliis. 

Calamogrostis  hue  referenda  pro  Calamog:  Syl.  D.  J.  Bapt:  vid.  non  .  .  .  Pin: 
Bauh:  Calamus  aromat.  vid:  Acorus  verus. 

Campanula  media.  Ista  campanulae  rotundifoliae  similis,  sed  magna  ex  parte 
caulem  habet  unicum  aliquando  tamen  plures  sed  hoc  rarius,  striatum,  folia 
alterna  per  caulem  rapuntii  fere,  sed  latiora  nec  adeo  longa,  caules  et 
folia  sunt  leviter  hirsuta.  Flores  omnino  purpurei  campanulae  praedictae 
floribus  similimi,  sed  maiores  et  longiores  multo.  Radix  parva  paucis 
fibris.  Provenit  copiose  inter  Herefordiam  et  Kyneton,  ac  per  totum  Wye 
Flu:  tractum. 

Cannabis  spuria  altera  flore  purpureo.    In  agris.  Nettle-hemp. 
Cardamine  pumila  Bellidis  folio.    Alpina,  Ger.  emac.  Rock-cresses. 

By  Shawford  neere  Gilford  abundantly. 
Christophoriana.    Herbe  Christopher. 

Ad  radices  mentis  Ingleborrowe  copiose  inter  saxa. 
[A  coloured  drawing  inserted.] 
Cirsium  Anglicum.    Single-headed  Thistle. 

Radix  nigricans  fibrata  quundoque  per  magnas  fibras  fere  propagans  ut 
in  figura. 

[A  coloured  drawing  inserted.] 
[?  The  last  or]  C.  Anglicum  minus,  Park. 

Crescit  in  pratis  ad  radices  montis  Ingleborrow  totius  Angliae  altissimi 
in  Comitat.  Eboracensi  12  miliaribus  a  Lancastria. 
Cochlearia  rotundifolia  sive  Batava,  Lob.     Round-leaved  Scu7'vy-grasse,  It 
groweth  nigh  unto  a  castle  in  ye  Peake  of  Darbyshire  which  is  30  miles 
distant  from  ye  sea. 
Cochlearia  rotundifolia  marina. 

About  ye  walls  in  Bermonice  abundantly. 
Echium  flore  alb.    Vipers  Buglosse. 

Et  in  Cretaceis  collibus  ad  Thamesim  prope  Greyn-hey  tribus  miliaribus 
a  Gravesend. 
Erica  tenuifolia,  Ger. 

Coris  fol.  6  Clus:  rar.  Plant',  pag:  43.    Nascentem  banc  vidi  in  Anglia 
supra  Wi'ndesoram  mense  Sept.  florentem  (Angli  Boreales  Ling  vocare).^ 
Erica  coris  folio  6  Clus:  flore  albo. 

Erica  coris  folio  13  Clus:  flore  albo  Saepius  reperiuntur  in  ericetis  circa 

W^orplesdowne  in  Comitat.  Surriae. 
Gentianella  alpina. 

In  ye  mountaines  betwixt  Gort  and  Galloway  abundantly,  Mr.  Heaton. 

^  In  Goodyefs  copy  of  Parkinson's  Theatrwn,  in  the  margin  of  p.  1480,  is  a 
note  in  the  handwriting  of  the  botanical  friend  of  Goodyer  (?  Dr.  J.  Dale)  who 
wrote  MS.  9.  Referring  to  Fig.  2,  Erica  vulgaris  hirsutior,  Com7non  rough 
Heathy  the  writer  observes,  '  The  2  is  the  figure  of  Erica  Coris  folio,  Clus. 
hist.  p.  41,  and  not  of  the  Ericae  myricae  folii  similis  found  by  Clusius  about 
Windesor '. 


HOW'S  MS.  RECORDS  1650-6 


289 


Gramen  plumosum  elegans,    FetcJted ^rass. 

Vepretis  et  quibusdam  aridis  agroriim  marginibus  Dorcestriensis  Anglo- 
Britan:  gaiidet  priori  inutile. 
Gramen  tremulum.       In  upland  cornefeilds  at  Hatfeild. 

Gramen  typhoides  maximum  spica  longissima.  The  largest  Catstaile-grass. 
With  a  very  large  eare  at  ye  entrance  into  Chelsy  feilds. 

Hederula  aquatica.    Water  Ivy. 

In  a  ditch  by  Bermondsey  house  neere  London. 
In  aquis  residibus  iuxta  Petriburgum. 

Hieracium  alterum  foliis  obtiisa  laciniatis  fibrosa  radice.  Londinensis  agri 
pratensibus,  via  Hackneum,  Stepneum,  et  alibi  passim  obviam.  foliis 
item  humi  stantis,  hirsutis,  duas  uncias  cum  dimidia  ternasque  longis, 
obtusis  dentatis  laciniis  :  cauliculis  dodrantalibus  et  pedalibus  floribus 
luteis  papposis  Hieracio  longius  radicato  paribus  et  similibus  donatis 
radice  tamen  non  ita  longa,  sed  fib  rata. 

Hieracium  lactescens  frutex  est  sesquicubitalis  quandoque  altior,  caules  multos 
ab  radice  fibrata  satis,  emittens,  tenues  tristes,  intus  fungosos  et  medulla 
alba  plenos.  Folia  oblonga,  serrata  leniter,  mucronata,  parte  ima  modice 
pilosa,  alterna  per  caulem,  multis  vel  brevissimis  pediculis  cauli  habentia, 
obscure  virentia.  Hores  versus  summos  caules  e  cavis  foliorum  exeunt, 
pediculis  longiusculis  Tragopog:  floribus  omnino  similes  sed  minores,  lutei 
cuius  foliola  in  extremis  in  quatuor  partes  dissecta.  Flores  nocte  clauduntur 
mane  sese  expandunt.  Floret  Augusto,  Septembri  vero  in  pappos  abeunt: 
Semen  parvum  oblongum  sapore  est  ex  dulis  subamon,  flores  foliis  sunt 
amariores  paulo.  Tota  planta  lactescit.  Crescit  in  sylvis  Comitat:  Hertford. 

Horminum  sylvestre  Lavendulae  flore. 

Nascitur  satis  frequens  ad  Regium  oris  (?)  Grenwicii  Hippodromum. 

Hyoseris  mascula,  Ger.    Male  Swines  Cichory. 

Non  difl":  ab  Hieracio  minimo  Clus:  pag:  cxlii.    Provenit  inter  segetes 
locis  parum  arenosis,  et  terra  friabili ;  frequens  in  Anglia  multis  in  locis. 

Jacobaea,  sive  Senecion  minimum.  Radice  pro  plantae  proportione  maiuscula 
fibrata;  folia  Bellidi  fere  sed  breviora  parum  incana  5,  6  vel  7  supra  terram 
strata,  e  quorum  medio  caulis  assurgit  dodrantalis  aut  minor  singularis 
in  quo  una,  4,  5  vel  6  quandoque  folia  sunt  alterna,  angusta  mucronata. 
Caulis  et  folia  lanugine  Candida  sunt  obducta.  In  summo  caule  flores  sunt 
quatuor,  5,  6  rarique  7  breviusculis  pediculis  Senecii  maioris,  sive  pubae 
Jacobaeae,  pappescentes.  Radix  fibrata  non  vaga.  Floret  Julio  et  initio 
Augusti.  Crescit  in  Agro  Cantabrigiensi  in  parvis  collibus  non  procul  a 
Stapleford. 

Jacobaea  3  Clus.  Pann:  latifol:  s[essi]lis  Planta  Flore  intense  luteo  et  folio  nigriore, 
vulgari  Jacobaeae  fere  paribus,  rivulorum  sectatim  Anglo-Britaniae. 
[With  a  coloured  drawing.] 

Juncaria  salmaticensis.  Small  stone  Woodrooffe  of  Spain.  At  ye  lower  end  of 
Grayes  Inne  lane  by  London  neere  ye  water  course, 

Linariola  parva  planta  dodrantalis  aut  brevior,  caules  aliquot  a  radice  teretes  et 
duriusculi,  in  quibus  folia  fere  lini  bina  per  intervalla.  Flosculi  parvi  lini 
fere  sed  albi  ex  quinque  foliolis  in  summis  ramulis.  Semina  valde  minuta 
lini  efflgie  fusca.  Floret  Junio,  Julio  et  Augusto  in  pratis  Angliae  frequens 
a  nullo  descripta. 

[With  a  pen-and-ink  drawing.] 


290 


HOW'S  MS.  RECORDS  1650-6 


Militaris  aizoides,  Lob.    Water  soldier. 

Si  non  est  Stratiotes  Dios :  certe  similima  est,  sed  non  sine  radice  vivit. 
Copiose  prope  pagum  Over  Jun.  Julio  et  Augusto  floret  in  aquis  stagnantibus 
et  fossis  limosis  Eliensis  Insulae. 

Muscus  coralloides  lacustris. 

Corallii  fere  modo  crescit,  sed  plures  caules  ab  una  radice,  certo  tamen 
spatio  a  se  modice  (?)  distantes,  utpote  tres,  4,  5,  et  quandoque  sex  caules 
dodrantales  aut  paulo  longiores  emittit  minimi  fere  digiti  crassitudine, 
teretes,  spongiosos,  ut  et  substantia  totius  plantae  spongiosa  est  et  porosa, 
et  spongiae  fere  consistentiam  in  aqua  habet. 

Sicca  vero  dura  et  friabilis  est,  ex  caulibus  unus  vel  duo  quandoque  tres  in 
summo  sunt  ramosi,  in  duos  vel  tres  ramos  ad  cornu  cervi  similitudinem 
sunt  divisi.  Nec  folia  alia,  nec  flores  nec  fructum  profert  (quantum  potui 
observare).  Radix  lapidibus  in  fundo  adhaeret,  supraque  eos  sese  expandit. 
Tota  planta  unius  est  coloris,  in  aqua  viridis  saturate  cum  quadam  nigredine, 
sicca  vero  diluta  virescit.  Invenitur  in  fluviis  ex  arborum  truncis  vel  radici- 
bus  in  aquis  exiens  ut  in  fluvio  iuxta  Petriburgum. 

[An  early  description  of  the  Fresh-water  Sponge,  Spotigilla  fliiviatilis^ 
illustrated  with  an  excellent  coloured  pen-and-ink  drawing.] 

Myrrhis.    Fuch.,  Cicutaria,  Ges.  hort.    Wild  Sweete  Cherville» 

Napus  syl:  minimus  Montosis  agris  hoc  pusillum  Napi  syl;  genus  iuxta 
pistrinam  ventillatam  sive  ventimolam  D.  Rich.  Garth  semiliari  ab  aedibus 
antiquis  Drayton  vocatis  e  regione  Vectis  Insulae  reperi ;  tota  planta 
admodum  parva  est,  foliis  Napo  syl:  longe  minoribus,  angustioribus, 
parum  ....  [4  lines  of  description  follow]. 

Nidus  avis  flore  et  caule  violaceo  purpureo  colore  an  Pseudo-limodoron,  Clusii, 
hist.  rar.  Plant,  pag.  270:  A  mile  from  Alton  in  Hamshire.    Mr.  Goodyer. 

[To  this  printed  note.  How  has  added  in  MS.]  Limodoron  Austriacum 
Cliis.  Hist.    Orchis  abortiva  violacea,  Bauh: 

Orchis  minor  flore  carnato  Eyst:  Pannonia  4  Clus:  Cynosorchis  minor 
Pannonica,  Ger.  em:  The  lesser  Austins  dog-stones.  On  Scosby  lease. 
Mr.  Stonehouse. 

Oxalis  major.    Great  leaved  Sorrel. 

Ad  Shackerforth-mill  loco  uliginoso. 

Papaver  corniculatum  flore  rubro.    Copiose  crescit  Vectis  Insula. 

Paronychia. 

Folia  radici  proxima  superne  obscure  rubent,  interne  virent.  Lobelii 
mutilam  et  depravatam  iconem  Lugd:,  Dod:,  Ger.  em..  Park.  etc.  exhibent 
Omnes  esse  sequest  (?)  maturam  e  vivis  naturae  typis  exhibeo. 

[With  a  coloured  drawing.] 
Pedicularis  flore  albo.    White  Rattle. 

Severall  places  of  Warwickshire. 
Polygonum  minimum. 

Plantula  vix  unciam  altitudine  excedit,  ramosa,  ut  arbor  assurgit, 
surculosa,  erecta  magna  ea  parte,  foliola  parva  binatim  coniuncta,  e  geni- 
culis  cxeuntia.  Flores  in  summo  parvi  numerosi,  albicantes.  Radice  nititur 
minima  singulari  paucis  fibris,  crescit  locis  hyeme  udii,  aestate  veneniatii. 
An  potius  ad  Alsines  speciem  referenda  ? 

[With  a  small  neat  drawing  in  pen  and  ink.] 


HOW'S  MS.  RECORDS  1650-6 


291 


Pulsatilla  vulgaris.    Purple passe-Jlower. 

About  Oxford. 
Pirum  foliatum. 

[Coloured  drawing  of  a  pear,  with  well  developed  green  leaves  growing 
from  the  apex.] 
Pirum  supra  pirum. 

[A  fruit  with  a  second  pear  growing  among  the  leaves  at  the  apex.] 
Ranunculus  minimus  Septentrionalium  herbido  muscoso  flore.    D%va7'fe  Crow- 
foot, or  Small  Bunikifis  HollivortelL 

In  Anglia  frequens  praecipue  versus  Septentrionem  Folia  odorem  epirant 
moscho  similem,  sed  valde  imbecillum. 

Fumaria  cubica  vel  capnos  Moschatella  Cordi. 

[A  coloured  drawing  marked]  Haec  effigies  praeferenda. 
Ranunculus  montanus,  Cam.  globosus.    Globe  Crowfoot. 

Floret  in  fine  Jun  et  Jul:  ad  radices  mentis  Ingle-borrow.  Angli  boreales. 
Lockcr-G owing  vel  locker  goling,  a  flore  clauso  non  est  venenatus. 
Ranunculus  pumilus  floribus  deciduis. 

The  whole  plant  seldome  exceeds  3  inches  in  compasse  and  in  his  full 
strength  and  flowring  is  not  above  an  inch  or  2  high,  amongst  a  hundred 
plants  of  them  yt  I  found  not  far  from  Oxford  though  it  were  in  ye  time 
theire  flowring  I  could  not  find  one  with  a  whole  flower,  severall  of  these 
had  3,  4  or  5  little  yellow  leaves  of  flowers,  about  a  small  thrum  of  yellow 
pointells,  and  every  plant  had  fresh  yellow  pointells,  with  the  leaves  as  it 
were  new  fallen  of.  [it  has  not  yett  flowred  in  my  garden.]  ^ 
Rosa  sylvestris  odora  Eglenteria.    Sweet  Briar  bush. 

Oritur  in  Bathonica  Angliae  proximis  collibus  non  procul  ab  aedibus 
D:  Laur.  Hyde.    {Quoted from  Lobel,  Obs.  618.] 
Rubia  sylvestris  laevis  radice  perenni. 

Omnino  priori  similis  sed  radice  vivace  ac  perenni,  humi  maxima  ex 
parte  procumbit  planta  et  multis  surculis  brachiata,  folia  paulo  latiore 
stellatim  disposita  leniter  serrata  flores  coerulei  ex  quatuor  foliolis  mucro- 
natis.  Caules  quadranguli  geniculati,  e  singulis  geniculis  folia  stellatim 
decussata  quinq,  quatuor,  sex  septem  et  octo.  Radix  longa  fibrata  valde 
rubescens.  Juxta  Harwica  prope  littora  maris. 
Sagittaria  minor.    S??iall  Arrow-head, 

Radices — multas  fibrosas,  pallidas  vel  albicantes,  prolixas  inter  quas 
aliquas  utpote  4,  5  vel  6  maiores  radices  chordis  maioris  Lyrae  instar  reliqui 
longiores  in  extremo  bulbosas  bulbi  oblongi  mucronati,  incurvi,  membranulis 
duabus  aut  tribus  tecti,  colore  ex  albo  et  coeruleo  mixto,  bulbi  magni- 
tudine  inaequales,  nucis  avellanae  magnitudinem  aequantes,  quorum  caro 
alba,  solida. 

[A  pen-and-ink  drawing  entitled]  Sagittae  minoris  radix  cum  bulbis. 
Sambucus  foliis  variegatis    neere  Totnam. 

Sedum  arborescens  Anglicum.  Frutex  est  varius  multis  lignosis  duris,  cuius 
folia  sunt  magis  longa,  similiter  disposita,  non  adeo  carnosa,  nec  crassa, 
Sedum  vulgare  situ  et  ortu  aemulantia,  radice  satis  longa,  et  crassiuscula 
non  multis  fibris.  Crescit  in  Insulis  Rooms  vocatis  sinus  Bristoiensis, 
Oceani  Anglici. 

^  Erased. 
U  2 


'Z()2  HOW'S  MS.  RECORDS  1650-6 

Sium  alterum  Olusatri  facie.    Long-leaved  Water  Cresses. 

In  fossis  prope  Petriburgum  frequens,  nec  non  procul  ab  Oxbridge  in 
quibusdam  puteis  Londinum  versus  iuxta  viam  publicam. 
Spartum  spica  secalina.    Great  English  Mat-weede. 

On  ye  further  side  of  ye  Isle  of  Tenet. 
Trachelium  majus  Belgarum.    Giant  Throat-wort  or  Bell/lower, 

Pratensibus  ad  radices  cretaceosas  collium  prope  Dartfort  et  Greehyth. 
Trifolium  flore  viridi  foliaceo  elegans. 

In  mine  owne  Orchard  at  Darfield  :  it  grew  with  mee  one  yere  plentifully 
but  I  have  not  since  observ'd  it.    I  have  now  sent  some  of  it  dried  as  it 
was  gathered  about  9  yeeres  since.    Mr.  Stonehouse. 
Turritis  major.    Towers  Mustard. 

Non  procul  a  meta  antiquissima  diruta,  miliari  a  Colchestria  et  in  agris 
prope  Dedtfort. 

Typha  minor  crescit  in  fluvio  Petriburgum  praeterfiuens  nusquam  alias  vidi. 
Vaccinia  nubis.  Cloudberry. 

Chamaemorus  Anglica,  Park.    Chamaemorus  Cambro-Brittanniae  sive 

Lancastriense  vaccinium  nubis.     Radix  utcunque  nodosa,  et  ex  nodis 

fibras  paucas  dimittit ;  radice  se  propagat  (sicut  Cirsium  Anglicum  vid. 

fig.)  et  quam  longissime  serpit  adeo  ut  brevi  tempore  maximum  spatium 

occupet. 

Vicia  maxima  sylvatica  nondum  descripta,  spicata  Bathoniensis  Goodyeri. 
Umbilicus  Veneris. 

About  Bath  and  North  Wales  plentifully. 
Umbilicus  Veneris  maximus  Anglicus  rudentibus  foliis  maior  ac  elegantior 
quam  precedens  est.    Pilleter.  Plant:  Synon:  pag.  126. 

MS.  additions  at  end  between  pp,  132  and  133. 
Cotula  non  foetida  flore  pleno  latiore.  . 
Chamaebuxus  fl.  colutea,  Bauh:  sive  Rhus  Plin:  myrtifol: 
Carduus  lanceolatus  fl.  alb  et  fl.  purp:       Q.  Chyrurg:  for  ye  places  of 

theese  plants  growth  from  Morgan. 
Taxus  tantum  florens       on  ye  chalky  hills  in  Hampsh.  J.  Goody: 
Persic,  minor  non  urens  sine  maculis    in  Tuthill  Feilds. 
Antirrhinum  medium  Hispan:  flore  albo,       Hunnibon  and  what  other 

spontaneally  hee  hath  with  all  other  simples. 
[Species  of  Cynoglossum,  Hypericon,  Orchys,  and  Sium  from  Browne 

See  p.  302.] 
Oxyacanthus  flore  rubro 
Alsine  foliis  variegatis     ■  Qu.  Hunnibon. 
Seseli  pratense 

Qu.  ye  Sium  in  ye  pott  with  small  leaves  per  Phy.  Br. 
Gentiana  altera  dubia  Anglica  punctato  medio  flore. 
Helleborines  uti  superior  forte  cognata,  L.  St.  111. 
Gentiana  dubia  Anglica,  Park. 
Q.  Newarkes  Turritis.  Pentaphyllum. 
Q.  ye  Opuntium  marinum    on  Oyster  shells. 


HOW'S  MS.  RECORDS  1650-6 


293 


Nymphaea  foliis  hederaceis.    Qu.  Stevens. 

[Species  of  Carduus,  Plantago,  and  Echium  from  Browne.    See  p.  302.] 
Prunella  vulg:  fl.  al.  incarnato  et  fl.  purpureo. 

in  Chappell  on  ye  heath.  Bobert. 
Stevens  his  Becabunga  maior  Plantago  Aquat.  latif.  maior. 
Geranium  columbinum  foliis  magis  dissectis,  pediculis  longissimis  flore 

magno.    I  found  it  wild  in  ye  beginning  of  August  1654,  it  is  not 

described  or  pictured  yt  I  find.    John  Goodyer.    Q.  ye  place  of  growth. 

vid.  Phyt.  47. 
Erysimum  ii  Tab.    Q.  locum. 

growes  in  ye  streetes  neere  white  chappell  east  from  Algate  London, 

J.  Goodyer. 

Anonymos  aquatica  rubida,  foliis  Anagallidis  flore  luteo.  This  growes  in 
a  little  lake  in  a  heath  neere  Petersfeild  in  Hamshire,  in  a  hott  summer 
some  parts  of  ye  lake  are  drie  in  August,  sometimes  before,  there  and 
then  ye  flowers  are  to  bee  scene. 

Holosteum  perpusillum  growes  in  ye  same  lake  ^  in  ye  East  part  of  ye  said 
heath  greene  all  ye  winter  under  water,  and  flowers  when  ye  water 
is  vanished  in  August,  and  sometimes  much  sooner.  I  first  observed 
this  plant  in  a  pond  neare  Holburie  in  ye  new  Forrest  in  Hamshire. 
J.  Goodyer. 

1  The  waters  of  this  lake  this  2  of  June  1656  about  4  of  ye  clocke  in  ye 
afternoone  was  well  neere  as  warme  as  ye  Bathwater  at  Bath  in  Summersetshire 
although  3^e  day  was  cloudy. 

Holosteum  juncifolium  repens  Goodyeri  copiose  inveni  in  Comit:  Surriae 
juxta  Purbright  (an  diff:  a  priore,  Qu.  Goody). 

But  How's  good  intentions  for  a  revised  edition  of  his  Flora  were 
not  destined  to  bear  fruit.  Chance  appears  to  have  cast  the  Lobel 
manuscripts  in  his  way  :  he  purchased  them  with  his  own  money, 
but  his  store  of  vital  energy  was  unequal  to  the  task  of  producing 
a  second  Phytologia  Britannica. 

The  circumstances  of  his  dealing  with  these  manuscripts  have 
been  often  described.  A  contemporary  account  of  the  matter  is 
given  by  the  Rev.  J.  Ward  in  his  Commonplace  Book'.  'Dr.  How 
hath  put  out  a  piece  showing  what  Plants  Parkinson  stole  out  of 
a  manuscript  of  Lobel's  wch.  never  was  put  out,  but  came  by  chance 
to  Dr.  Modesy's  [=  Morison's]  hand.'  How  has  been  universally 
reproved  for  the  violence  of  his  language,  re  Parkinson,  first  by 
Pulteney  and  then  by  later  historians,  who,  however,  quote  his 
remarks  with  some  gusto. 

If  How  had  found  the  Lobel  MSS.  in  anything  like  the  disorder 
in  which  they  were  when  I  first  saw  them,  and  if  he  attributed  the 
mutilations  to  Parkinson,  his  expressions  might  be  considered  as 


294 


HOW'S  WILL 


well  justified.  It  is  more  likely  that  the  vigour  of  his  language  was 
partly  due  to  haste  consequent  on  failing  health,  and  perhaps  to 
a  presentiment  of  death  and  to  the  knowledge  that  his  time  and 
resources  were  insufficient  to  do  his  author  more  than  scant  justice. 
How  died  in  1656,  a  few  months  after  the  publication  of  his  book. 

We  have  consulted  William  Howe's  will  (P.  C.  C.  Berkeley  315) 
at  Somerset  House.  He  described  himself  as  of  Milke  St.,  co. 
Middlesex,  Gent.,  '  being  in  perfect  memory  though  much  erased 
in  Body'.  He  willed  that  his  body  should  be  'very  humblie 
interred  in  St.  Margaret's  Church,  Westminster,  on  the  left  side 
of  my  mother.  The  earth  to  be  taken  up  att  least  6  foote,  my 
funeral  I  desire  may  be  observed  about  ten  at  night.  I  would  not 
have  above  6  of  my  choyce  friends  accompaning'.  His  wife 
Elizabeth  Howe  was  appointed  absolute  executor,  but  as  regards 
his  Library  he  *  would  have  her  advised  by  some  knowing  person 
to  putt  of,  and  by  no  means  to  part  with  any  particular  book  from 
the  whole'.    Will  proved,  22  Sept.  1656. 

It  is  probable  that  Goodyer  then  acquired  a  selection  of  his 
books  and  manuscripts.  The  most  important  of  these,  which  are 
still  in  the  Library  at  Magdalen  College,  are  the  Lobel  Manuscripts, 
How's  own  annotated  copy  of  his  Phytologia,  Johnson's  Descriptio 
Itineris  1632,  both  with  the  MS.  additions  printed  below,  certain 
loose  papers  including  Goodyer  MS.  11,  ff.  169-73,  described  on 
p.  355,  and  a  few  printed  books  including  editions  of  Tabernae- 
montanus^  Matthiolus,  and  Renealmus. 

William  Cole  or  Coles  of  New  College  gratefully  acknowledged 
the  help  that  How  gave  him  in  the  preparation  of  his  Adam  in 
Eden  1657.  ^Furnished'  with  How's  'best  advice  and  with  some 
of  his  select  and  choicest  papers  for  perfecting  his  design',  it  is  a 
pity  that  Coles  did  not  produce  a  sounder  book. 

xiii.  Dr.  John  Dale,  d.  1662. 

In  the  Latin  introduction  to  his  Pinax  reriim  naturaliiim  Britan- 
nicarum.  Dr.  Christopher  Merrett,  F.R.S.,  tells  us  that  the  one 
and  only  comprehensive  Flora  of  Britain  that  had  ever  been  printed 
was  almost  out  of  print,  and  that  PuUeyn,^  a  publisher  living  in 
St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  had  asked  him  to  undertake  a  new  Catalogue 

^  Octavian  PuUeyn  was  the  publisher  of  How's  Phytologia  in  1650;  Cave 
PuUeyn  published  Merrett's  Pinax  in  1667.  Octavian  sold  to  How  the  copy  of 
Tabernaeinontaimis  which  was  afterwards  acquired  by  Goodyer :  his  signature 
is  inside  the  cover.    See  pp.  202  and  226. 


JOHN  DALE 


295 


of  all  the  British  plants  then  known,  to  be  followed  by  a  History, 
and  that  the  work  was  to  be  done  in  association  with  a  Dr.  Dale, 
*  Botanologus  peritus 

The  only  botanist  of  that  name  in  Merrett's  time  who  is  at  all 
well-known,  or  indeed  appears  in  Messrs.  Britten  &  Boulger's  Index 
of  British  Botanists,  is  Dr.  Samuel  Dale  of  Braintree,  who  in  after 
years  gave  such  valuable  assistance  to  Ray,  and  was  often  mentioned 
in  his  botanical  works.  It  is,  therefore,  but  natural  for  an  uncritical 
reader,  on  encountering  a  solitary  mention  of  Dr.  Merrett's  proposed 
partner  Dr.  Dale,  to  assume  unconsciously  that  the  reference  was 
to  Dr.  Samuel  Dale.  Merrett  was,  however,  writing  at  the  College 
of  Physicians  in  August  1666,  a  few  days  before  the  outbreak  of 
the  Great  Fire,  and  Samuel,  who  is  believed  to  have  been  born  in 
Whitechapel  in  1659,  could  not- then  have  been  a  distinguished 
'  Botanologist Nor  must  he  be  confused  with  William  Dale  of 
Queen's  College,  the  helper  of  the  younger  Bobart.^ 

John  Ward,^  writing  in  1662,  also  mentions  Dr.  Dale,  and  rather 
as  if  he  were  the  originator  of  the  idea  of  re-editing  the  Phytologia 
Britannica ;  and,  lastly,  John  Ward's  editor,  Sir  D'Arcy  Power, 
notes  that  '  no  record  of  his  (Dale's)  attainments  in  botany  seems  to 
have  survived '.  Ward  had,  however,  a  high  idea  of  him  :  *  there 
are  in  London  but  two  doctors  y"^  have  any  great  skill  in  simpling, 
y^  is  Dr.  Moddesey  {i.e.  Morison)  and  Dr.  Dale';  and  in  1661  he 
noted  one  of  his  prescriptions. 

'  White  Mullen  or  Higtaper :  wash  itt  and  fume  itt  and  boyl  itt  with  hog's 
grease,  add  Red  Lead  and  Linseed  OIL  It  is  said  to  bee  excellent  good 
against  y®  piles.  Dr,  Dale.  I  find  ye  same  in  a  manner  in  Gerard's  Herbal 
with  but  very  little  difference.'  ^ 

Except  in  a  single  instance  I  have  not  met  with  any  mention  of 
the  name  of  Dale  among  the  Goodyer  papers,  but  nevertheless 
there  are  good  grounds  for  attributing  to  him  the  authorship  of 
certain  manuscripts,  and  a  few  notes  in  the  margins  of  Goodyer's 
copies  of  Parkinson's  Theatrtim\  Twxw^xs  Herbal^  P«  10;  Thalius 

^  '  Mr.  Bobart,  the  Botanist,  was  greatly  assisted  in  the  11^  vol.  of  ye  Oxford 
History  of  Plants,  by  Mr.  Dale  of  Queen's  College,  who  revised  the  whole  and 
put  it  into  proper  Latin  for  him.  Presently  after  the  Death  of  the  said  Mi-.  Dale, 
I  had  a  sight  of  a  Folio  Book  in  MS*  drawn  up  by  himself,  being  Tables  & 
Explications  on  Aristotle's  Rhetorick'  (Hearne,  Diary  1705,  Nov.  6). 

2  The  Rev.  John  Ward  of  Christ  Church  had  taken  his  M.A.  in  1652.  His 
sixteen  commonplace  books  are  now  preserved  in  the  library  of  the  Medical 
Society  of  London.    (D'Arcy  Power,  Attn.  Med.  Hist,  ii,  p.  123.) 

'  Information  from  Sir  D'Arcy  Power,  who  has  been  kind  enough  to  tran- 
scribe for  me  the  paragraphs  relating  to  Dale  in  J.  Ward's  Diary. 


2()6 


DALE'S  MSS. 


Sylva  Hircynia,  P*  5^  >  Gerard  emac.^  p.  800,  and  other  books.  At 
any  rate,  it  appears  more  likely  that  Dr.  Dale,  rather  than  any  one 
else,  should  have  written  them. 

Dale's  botanical  partnership  with  Goodyer  dates  at  least  from 
1651,  as  is  shown  by  the  latter's  entry  in  his  copy  of  J.  Bauhin's 
Historia  Plantartim.  This  work  was  purchased  of  Robinson  on 
15  March  1651,  and  sold  by  Dr.  Dale,  then  living  in  Long  Acre,  to 
Goodyer  on  the  22nd  for  ^3  is.  6d. 

The  Goodyerian  Lists  and  Descriptions  of  British  plants  were 
undoubtedly  written  during  the  sixth  decade  of  the  seventeenth 
century.  One  paper  is  dated  22  January  1651,  another  April  1659, 
and  during  part  of  this  period  the  writer  was  evidently  in  close 
touch  with  Goodyer  himself.    The  four  principal  manuscripts  are : 

1.  Descriptions  of  Plants  extracted  from  Lobel's  MSS.  (in  Latin). 

2.  A  Catalogue  of  Grasses,  foreign  as  well  as  British,  with  brief 
descriptions  and  synonymy,  comprising  203  species,  written  two  on 
a  page,  on  loi  leaves. 

3.  A  Catalogue  of  British  plants,  with  synonymy,  comprising  , 
922  species  (including  70  grasses),  written  four  on  a  page  (with 
blanks),  on  276  leaves. 

4.  A  Supplementary  List  of  British  plants  comprising  1 53  names. 
If  these  are  to  be  regarded  as  different  from  the  922,  the  British 
Flora  as  known  to  Goodyer  and  Dale  (?)  in  1659  would  comprise 
1,075  species — a  figure  which  comes  very  near  to  the  1,050  of  Ray 
in  the  year  1669.  How,  by  including  varieties  and  exotic  plants, 
had  accumulated  1,220  names  in  the  Phytologia  of  1650. 

The  work  is  exactly  what  would  be  expected  from  the  author  of 
a  new  Phytologia.  None  of  Dr.  Dale's  plants  are  quoted  under  his 
own  name  in  the  printed  Phytologia  of  1650,  but  among  How's 
MS.  additions  (1650-6)  we  have  noted 

'  Acinos  anglica  flore  albo  in  Salisbury  feild  neere  Basing  stoake,  D.  Dale.* 
*Foeniculum  at  Rie.    —    Leucoii  folii :  Qjii.  D.' 


He  was  the  first  person  to  point  out  'J uncus  caule  Triangulati' 
(?  the  rare  Galingale  Cyperus  longiis)  growing  at  the  Horse  ferry  at 
Westminster  and  to  record  'Vicia  fol.  gramineo  siliqua  porrectis- 
sima'  about  Tyburn  and  Maribone  Park.  Merrett,  who  printed 
these  records  in  1667,^  designates  him  as  '  insignis  Britannicus  '. 


'  Typha 

'  Senetio  sentilis 


^  Merrett,  Pinax,  67,  125. 


DALE'S  WILL 


297 


There  can,  therefore,  be  no  doubt  that  there  was  such  a  person  : 
the  trouble  is  to  identify  him  among  the  numerous  Dales  who  were 
living  at  the  time.  Unfortunately  his  christian  name  is  nowhere 
mentioned.  I  was  at  first  inclined  to  think  that  Sir  D'Arcy  Power, 
who  has  the  credit  of  a  first  attempt,  was  right  in  identifying 
Dr.  Dale  with  the  Dr.  Robert  Dale,  said  to  be  of  Magdalen 
College,  who  was  admitted  an  Kxtra- Licentiate  of  the  College  of 
Physicians  in  1663.^  But  this  is  rather  too  late  a  date  for  our 
botanist.  Merrett  alludes  to  his  death,  but  not  as  if  it  were 
a  recent  event.  It  may  have  occurred  before  the  Fire  and  the 
Plague,  probably  shortly  before  Goodyer's  own  death  in  1664,  for 
else  it  would  be  hard  to  explain  the  presence  of  Dale  MSS.  among 
the  Goodyer  papers. 

While  engaged  in  an  unsuccessful  hunt  for  Robert  Dale's  will  at 
Somerset  House,  I  found  the  v/ill  of  Dr.  John  Dale,  which  connects 
many  of  the  clues  and  is  a  surer  guide  to  the  identity  of  our 
botanist. 

JOHN  DALE,  Doctor  of  Physick,  of  the  parish  of  St.  Martin's  in  the  Fields, 
bequeaths  to  poore  neighbours  of  St.  Martin's  Parish  ^5  ;  to  poore  of  East 
Meon  ;  to  poore  of  Petersfield  ^5  ;  to  poore  of  Gosport  ^5  ;  to  Mr.  Hunt 
^5  ;  to  Mr.  Gray  £^  ;  to  brother  Andrew  Vidian  and  wife  ^5  ;  to  sister  Codd 
20^-.,  to  sister  Browne  20s.,  to  Mr.  Darlaston  and  wife  40j-.,  for  rings  ;  to  wife 
Blanche  Dale,  his  sole  exor,  lease  of  house  in  Long  Acre  and  lease  of  his  impro- 
priate parsonage  of  East  Meon.  Brother-in-law  Andrew  Vidian  and  '  my  very 
good  friend  John  Goodyer  of  Petersfield  '  to  be  overseers  and  to  have  a  ring  of 
40j-.  Will  dated  30  Apr.  in  the  presence  of  W.  Darlaston,  Mary  Robinson, 
Ehz.  Coleman.  Proved  27  May  1662,  after  the  death  of  Blanche  his  widow. — 
Abstract  ofV.  C.  C.  Laud.  63. 

We  hope  that  some  local  genealogist  will  follow  the  family 
further.  '  Sister  Browne '  may  have  been  related  to  the  Brownes 
of  East  Hoo,  already  mentioned  ;  and  Mr.  Gray  may  have  been 
the  herborist  friend  of  O.  Bilson  (p.  201),  but  the  names  are  too 
widespread  to  be  a  trustworthy  guide. 

^  Munk  records  that  Robert  Dale  was  a  Bachelor  of  Arts  of  Magdalen 
College,  Oxford,  who  practised  medicine  at  Stourbridge  in  Worcestershire  and 
was  admitted  an  Extra-Licentiate  of  the  College  of  Physicians  of  London  on 
October  ist  1663.  {Roll  of  the  Royal  College  of  Physicians.)  But  I  have  not 
as  yet  been  able  to  find  any  Robert  Dale  in  the  books  of  Magdalen  College. 
John  Ward  elsewhere  refers  to  an  incident  in  the  practice  of  a  '  Mr '  Dale,  and, 
in  the  next  sentence,  to  *  An  ichneumon  frequent  about  Sturbridge '.  Unfor- 
tunately Ward  nowhere  mentions  his  Dales'  Christian  names.  Sir  D'Arcy 
Power,  to  whom  I  mentioned  the  difficulty,  has  again  investigated  the  matter, 
and  has  found  among  the  Prattinton  MS.,  vol.  31,  at  the  Society  of  Antiquaries, 
an  entry:  'Robert  Dale  Ludimagister  of  Free  school  at  Stourbridge,  9  Nov. 
1661'. 


298 


JOHN  DALE  AND  MERRETT 


It  seems  probable  that  Goodyer,  if  not  already  in  possession  of 
Dale's  botanical  papers,  would  have  annexed  them  as  part  of  his 
duty  as  overseer  of  the  will,  and  on  his  death  (1664)  they  may  have 
been  among  those  which  Yalden  lent  to  Merrett. 

Dr.  John  Dale,  unlike  Robert,  does  not  appear  to  have  been 
licenced  by  the  College  of  Physicians,  of  which  institution  Dr.  Mer- 
rett was  the  resident  Librarian.  The  College  of  Physicians  was 
then  situated  in  Amen  Corner — very  near  the  house  of  Pullej^n, 
the  friendly  publisher  who  persuaded  Merrett  to  co-operate  in  the 
proposed  work.  '  I  could  not  strive  against  his  honourable  wishes', 
as  Merrett  afterwards  put  it.  How  far  Dr.  Dale  did  co-operate,  we 
are  not  told.    He  died  before  the  day  of  publication. 

Merrett  certainly  engaged  in  the  work  with  great  energy.  He 
purchased  800  figures  of  plants,  which  Johnson  had  caused  to  be 
engraved,  with  the  intention  of  using  them  to  embellish  his  book. 
He  engaged  Thomas  Willisel  to  search  for  plants  in  those  distant 
parts  of  the  kingdom  which,  owing  to  his  London  duties,  were 
beyond  his  range.  His  son,  Christopher,  also  made  excursions  for 
the  same  purpose,  and  he  procured  the  loan  of  Goodyer's  MSS. 
from  Edmund  Yalden. 

By  the  inclusion  of  exotics  and  many  varieties,  which  he  had  not 
the  critical  acquaintance  with  the  subject  to  omit,  he  brought  up 
the  list  of  the  British  Flora  to  some  1,400  species,  a  number  which, 
only  three  years  afterwards,  was  reduced  to  1,050  by  the  '  accurate 
Mr.  Ray '. 

xiv.  William  Browne,  1629-1678. 

Several  of  the  plant-records  of  William  Browne  are  quoted  in 
the  interleaved  copy  of  How's  Phytologia  Britannica  bequeathed  to 
Magdalen  College  by  John  Goodyer.  They  are  all  in  the  handwriting 
of  William  How. 

William  Browne  was  known  to  Wood  as  his  examiner,  and  also 
to  Peshall  as  a  native  of  Oxford,  his  father  being  described  alterna- 
tively as  William  Brown,  a  Mercer  of  Oxford,^  or  as  John  Browne, 
a  Bailiff  of  the  City.'^^  He  had  a  distinguished  career  at  Magdalen 
College,  becoming  B.A.  in  1647,  M.A.  in  1650,  and  B.D.  in  1665. 
He  succeeded  to  a  Fellowship  in  1657,  was  Praelector  of  Moral 
Philosophy  in  1658,  Dean  of  Divinity  in  1659,  and  Vice-President 
in  1669-1670.    He  died  suddenly  about  the  age  of  fifty,  and  was 


^  Peshall,  City  of  Oxford,  add.  29. 
2  Wood,  Hist.,  p.  344,  ed.  Gutch. 


WILLIAM  BROWNE 


299 


buried  in  the  Antcchapel  of  his  College.  A  gravestone  of  black 
marble  preserves  his  memory : 

H.  S.  E. 

GULIELMUS  BROWNE  S.  T.  B. 

HUJUS  COLLEGII  SOCIUS 

VIR 

INDUSTRIAE  INDEFESSAE, 
ERUDITIONIS  PERSPECTAE  : 
QUI  S.  THEOLOGIAE  HORAS  COMPOSITAS 
REI  BOTANICAE  SUCCESIVAS 
IMPENDENS, 
IN  UTRAQUE  EMICUIT 
APOPLEXIA  CORREPTUS  SUCCUBUIT 

FATO  MULTUM  LUGENDO 
NISI  VIXISSET  INDIES  MORITURUS. 
OB.  MAR.  25,  AN.  AET.  49° 
MD  CLXXVIII. 

Canon  Vaughan  ^  favours  the  view  that  the  presence  of  so  well- 
known  a  botanist  at  Magdalen  College  would  account  for  Goodyer's 
gift  of  botanical  books  to  the  College ;  and  this  idea  would  gain  in 
probability  if  we  could  establish  a  close  kinship  between  William 
Browne  of  Magdalen  and  Goodyer's  Hampshire  neighbour  of  the 
same  name.  But  so  far  we  have  not  found  any  evidence  on  this 
point. 

Mr.  Druce  {Flora  Berks. ^  p.  cvi)  is  not  quite  right  in  saying  that 
no  certain  writing  of  Browne's  has  been  discovered,  for  we  have 
specimens  of  his  signature  at  Magdalen,  and  for  several  reasons  \ye 
believe  that  Druce  is  also  mistaken  in  suggesting  that  the  MS. 
notes  in  one  of  the  Bodleian  copies  of  Lyte's  Herbal  were  made  by 
Browne :  they  are  obviously  by  an  earlier  member  of  Magdalen 
College  who  had  studied  at  Padua. 

Browne  is  best  known  through  the  Catalogus  Horti  Botanici 
Qxoniensis  prepared  by  Bobart,  Dr.  Stephens^  the  Principal  of  Mag- 
dalen Hall,  and  himself  in  collaboration,  but  both  Anthony  Wood 
and  Merrett  agree  'that  he  had  the  chief  hand  in  it',  and  the  MS. 
copy  in  the  British  Museum  gives  his  name  as  that  of  the  author. 

Attention  has  been  drawn  to  the  fact  that  in  this  edition  the 
authors  have,  in  every  instance  where  it  was  possible,  not  only 
adopted  the  scientific  appellation  given  by  Gerard  and  Parkinson 

*  Cornhill  Magazine^  19095  P*  S02. 


0 


300 


WILLIAM  BROWNE 


to  each  plant,  but  also  quoted  the  page  of  their  works.  Druce^ 
claims  priority  in  England  for  this  procedure  for  the  authors 
jointly.  It  is  quite  likely  that  Browne,  rather  than  Bobart,  was 
responsible  for  the  innovation,  but  as  the  quotation  of  authorities 
by  pages  had  been  the  usual  everyday  practice  of  Browne's  friend 
Goodyer  for  the  past  thirty  years,  any  credit  for  priority  or  precept 
in  this  matter  should  be  given  to  the  latter. 

There  are  many  citations  from  him  printed  in  Dr.  Merrett's 
Pinax,  and  although  he  does  not  appear  as  one  of  the  contributors 
to  the  Phytologia^  perhaps  because  How  was  not  acquainted 
with  him  before  1650,  or  because  he  had  not  then  paid  much 
attention  to  botany,  yet  he  was  able  to  supplement  that  work  with 
several  valuable  additions  which  How  duly  entered  in  his  inter- 
leaved copy  of  the  PJiytologia  already  referred  to.  Most  of  these 
citations  are  distinguished  by  a  peculiar  mark,  a  A  in  a  square. 


The  Plant  Records  of  William  Bi'ozvne^  entered  by  How  in  his 
copy  of  the  '  Phytologia\  1650-1656. 

Anagallis  aquatica,  sive  Becabunga  flore  albo.   Veronica  Beccabimga  L. 
in  fossis  aliquibus  sub  colle  Haddington  prope  Oxonium.  Guil. 
Browne  Oxon: 

Atriplex  marina  latifolia  tola  rubra.  Atriplex  patida  L. 

E  radice  tenui  et  fibrata  caules  exit  sesquicubitales  ramulis  donates 
frequentissimis  folia  ferentes  in  extremitate  angusta  et  acuta  in 
media  et  una  parte  lata  et  acuminata  ubique  densa  et  admodum 
rubra  hortis  translata  ruborem  fidelissime  servat,  flosculi  ex  viridi 
rubescunt,  semina  sunt  angularia,  et  eiusdem  ruboris  cum  Asteris  (?) 
plantae  partibus  occurrit  ad  maris  littus  prope  Shoram  comitat: 
Sussexi.    Guil.  Browne  Oxon: 

Behen  album  hispidum.  Silene  Cucubalus  Wib. 

Planta  est  ubique  obvia  adhuc  tamen  non  descripta.  Guil: 
Browne  Oxon. 

Colchicum  Anglicum  purpureum  duplici  serie  foliorum  in  flore. 
Colchicum  Anglicum  saturationis  purpureae. 

Colchicum  Anglicum  florum  foliis  ex  albo  et  purpureo  dimidiatim 
variegatis.  Colchicum  autu7?male  L. 

Haec  tria  proveniunt  in  prato  amoenissimo  prope  pagum  verna- 
culem  Combe,  Comit:  Oxon:,  ubi  flore  albo  plurima  sunt  et  vulgaris 
purpurae  millia.    Guil.  Browne  Oxon. 

^  Druce,  Flora  Oxford,  p.  373. 


I 


PLANT  RECORDS 


301 


Colchicum  Anglicum,  foliis  elegantissime  striatis. 

in  prato  prope  Corneberry,  Comitatu  Oxon.,  gramen  striatum. 

pulchritudine  multum  superat  colores  horto  meo  pluribus  annis 

iactavit.    Guil.  Browne. 
Cotula  alba.    Mayweed.  Anthemis  Cotula  L. 

Et  flore  pleno  ex  luteo  viridi  reperitur  [juxta  Oxon.  erased\ 

Uorcestria  versus  Comit.  Oxon.  via  regia  vulgo  Honey  Fixlong. 

Guil.  Browne  Oxon. 
Geranium  columbinum  minus  foliis  magis  dissectis  et  foliis  minus 

dissectis  in  agris  sterilibus.  variat.  flore  albo.  Guil.  Br.  Oxon. 

Geranium  molle  L.  and  G.  dissectum  L. 
Lysimachia,  sive  Gratiola  latifolia  flore  albo  in  pagulo  vulgo  Purbright 

Comitat:  Surriae.  Guil.  Browne  Oxon.  Scutellaria  minor  Huds. 
Orchis  Antropophora  trunco  pallido,  brachiis  et  cruribus  saturate 

rubescentibus.   The  Red  Shanke.    Roy  Satyrion.    Hasce  Orchides 

rariores  in  cretaceis  quibusdam  coUibus  observant  non  procul  a  via 

communi  qua   itur   Wallingfordio   Reddingam   per  Comitatum 

Bercherium.    Guil.  Browne  Oxon.  Orchis  simia  Lam.  ? 

Orchis,  sive  Cynosorchis  militans  holosericea,  banc  orchidum  merito 
reginam  inveni  juxta  mediam  partem  viae  communis  inter  Nettleton 
et  Bathe  communicante  D.D.  Stevens  Botanico  perito.  G.  Browne 
Oxon.  Orchis  militaris  L. 

Orchis,  sive  Cynosorchis  Austriaca  flore  albo  colle  Chilswelliensi 
prope  Oxonium.    Guil.  Browne  Oxon:  Orchis  ustulata  L. 

Periclymenum  syl:  3plici  serie  florum  ex  luteo  virentium,  alioqui  toto 
habitu  a  vulgari  non  dissimile,  colle  vulgo  Shotover  juxta  Oxonium. 

Lonicera  Periclymenum  L. 

Periclymenum  alterum  quercinis  foliis,  perelegans  planta ;  observavi 
in  colle  Chilswelliensi  prope  Oxonium.    G.  B.  Oxon. 

Plantago  quinquenervia  fimbriis  latis  ex  aureo  argenteis,  banc  nitidam 
plantam  juxta  Corneberry  exploravi  Comitat:  Oxon.  Guil.  Browne 
Oxon.  Plafitago  major  L.  var. 

Ranunculus  pumilus  floribus  deciduis.  ?  Ranunculus  parviflorus. 
The  whole  plant  seldome  exceeds  3  inches  in  compasse  and  in  his 
full  strength  and  flowring  is  not  above  an  inch  or  2  high,  amongst 
a  hundred  plants  of  them  y*  I  found  not  far  from  Oxford  though  it 
were  in  ye  time  of  their  flowring  I  could  not  find  one  with  a  whole 
flower,  severall  of  these  had  3,  4  or  5  little  yellow  leaves  of  flowers 
about  a  small  thrum  of  yellow  pointells,  and  every  plant  had  fresh 
yellow  pointells,  with  the  leaves  as  it  were  new  fallen  of.  [It  has 
not  yet  flowered  in  my  garden.  Erased.^ 

Rosa  pimpinella  foliis  flore  suaverubente,  in  agris  sterilibus  prope 
Worcestriam.    Guil.  Browne  Oxon:  Rosa  spinosissima  L. 


302 


WILLIAM  BROWNE 


Saxifraga  aurea.  maior,  foliis,  pediculis  longis  insidentibus.  Juxta 
radicem  tenuem  albam  et  repentem  folia  edit  rotunda  ex  luteo 
virentia  innata  itaque  hirsuta,  paediculis  paene  triuncialibus  saniculae 
guttatae  foliis  non  dissimilia ;  cauliculos  profert  pluiimos  palmares 
juxta  summitatem  parum  divisos  vel  plurimum  unico  tantum  folio, 
aliquando  altero  ornatos ;  flosculi  aurei  foliis  plurimis  decora  lute- 
scentibus  longescunt.  Hanc  saxifragam  vere  auream  copiose  inveni 
in  paludoso  nemori  non  procul  ab  aedibus  D.  Fanteleroij  in  pago 
vulgo  Hedley  vocato  Comitati  Hamptonis  ubi  Dryopteridis  Trag. 
iuxta  et  Calami  Aromatici  cum  Julo  ad  humanam  altitudinem  assur- 
gentis  gliscit  copia.    Guil.  Browne  Oxon. 

Chrysosplejiium  alter tiifolium  L. 

Solanum  marinum  Dulcamarare  congener.       Solamwi  Dulcamara  L. 
E  radice  longa  dura  et  perenni,  caulem  profert  crassum  glabrum 

.  atque  humi  procumbentem^  pedalem  vel  sesquipedalem  longitu- 
dinem  nunquam  superantem  ubi  sponte  emergit,  folia  ferentem 
Solani  lignosi  duplo  densiora  et  saturationis  multo  viriditatis,  Augusto 
floribus  ornatur  et  albis  et  violaceis,  utrius  coloris  copiose:  reperitur 
ad  maris  littus  iuxta  Shoram  Sussexio.    Guil.  Browne  Oxon: 

Trachelium  minus  flore  albo  in  pago  Worplesdowne  vocato,  Comitat. 
*  Surriae  locus  floribus  albis  admodum  insignis.   Guil.  Browne  Oxon: 

Campanula  glomerata  L. 

On  blank  page  at  end. 

Cynoglossum  foliis  variegatis. 
Hypericon  flore  albicaster. 
Orchys  Sphegodes  flore  albo. 

Mrs.  Yalding  about  Guilford.  )    Qu.  Br. 

Slum  cubitate  fol.  variis  non  des[criptum] :    a  very 

beautifull  plant  about  Redding  plentifully.   An  difl". 

a  Sio  foliis  variis  Phyt.  ?    Apium  i?iundatum  Reich,  f. 
Carduus  pratensis  caule  folioso    is  a  common  plant  about  3  foote 

high  and  has  ye  same  filmy  stalk  as  ye  Aster  Virg.  caule  membran- 

aceo  Park:  wee  often  find  it  with  white  flowers.  C.  pratensis  L.  var. 
Plantago  marina  foliis  tenuissimis,  haec  singulis  partibus  alteri  non 

dissimilis  est,  sed  foliolis  multo  tenuioribus  praedita. 
Echium  scorpioides  minus  flosculis  luteis  Bauh.  Pin.  254  growes 

within  3  miles  of  Redding  plentifully.  Myosotis  versicolor  Sm. 

On  blank  page^  f.  4  v. 

Helleborus  pratensis  latifolius,  it  growes  in  meddowes  "I 

about  Lichborough  in  Northamptonshire.  H.  viridis.  I  ^^^^ 

inn  o         7    •       .  -r  X  J^OJ^-  descr. 

Serratula  nore  albo.     {Serratula  tinctoria  L.)  j 

[Goodyer  MS.  18. 


EARLY  LISTS  OF  PLANTS  GROWN  IN 
ENGLISH  GARDENS. 


Hugh  Morgan  of  Coleman  St.,  1569-87.   See  under  No.  xiii 

i.  Oxford  and  Winchester  Gardens,  1570-2. 

ii.  Sir  John  Salusbury  of  Lleweni,  1596,  1607-8. 

iii.  Simon  Forman,  1597-1608. 

iv.  Lord  Salisbury,  161  i. 

V.  Richard  Shanne  of  Woodrowe,  Methley,  1615. 

vi.  William  Coys  of  Stubbers,  1604,  1616,  1621-2. 

vii.  Franquevilles'  Garden  in  Long  Acre,  1600-4,  1617. 

viii.  John  Parkinson,  c,  1618-20. 
ix.  John  Goodyer,  1622,  &c. 

X.  John  Tradescant,  the  elder.     Hatfield,  1611.  Lambeth, 
1629-34. 

xi.  George  Gibbes,  ?    and  1634. 

xii.  Walter  Stonehouse  of  Darfield,  1640-4. 

'  xiii.  Edward  Morgan  of  Westminster,  1662,  and  HuGH  MORGAN, 
1569-87. 

xiv.  Robert  Morison  of  Blois,  c.  1651  ;  of  London,  1661-2. 

The  earliest  English  garden  list  that  has  been  published  is  that 
of  the  Holborn  garden  of  John  Gerard,  which,  first  printed  in  1596 
and  again  in  1599,  has  been  re-edited  in  a  valuable  form  by  my 
friend  Dr.  Daydon  Jackson  in  1876.  One  of  the  first  results  of  the 
re-examination  of  the  Goodyer  books  and  papers  was  the  recognition 
of  one  of  his  manuscripts  as  a  very  early  list  of  the  garden  of  the 
Rev.  Walter  Stonehouse  at  Darfield  Rectory  in  Yorkshire,  1640-1644. 
By  the  courtesy  of  the  editor  of  the  Gardeners  Chronicle,  this  was 
printed  in  full  in  the  numbers  of  that  Journal  for  May  15,  22,  29 
and  June  12,  1920.  No  sooner  had  this  list  been  identified  than  in 
the  same  collection  of  papers,  several  other  garden  lists  were  found 
that  successively  antedated  the  Stonehouse  list  and  one  another, 
and  finally  gave  the  clue  to  the  finding  of  the  list  of  a  garden  that 
is  probably  older  than  that  of  Gerard. 

First  in  importance  is  the  unique  copy  of  the  printed  plant  list  of 
the  Lambeth  garden  of  the  elder  John  Tradescant,  in  which  more 
than  7 50  plants  are  named.  It  is  the  only  work  known  to  have 
been  printed  for  the  author  in  his  lifetime:  it  is  dated  1634. 

Then  were  found  short  lists  of  the  gardens  of  John  Franqueville 
and  George  Gibbes  of  Bath,  both  extending  the  list  of  plants 


304 


GARDEN  LISTS 


already  known  to  be  grown  by  them,  and  the  highly  interesting 
lists  of  the  gardens  of  William  Coys  of  Stubbers  in  Essex  and  of 
John  Parkinson  in  Long  Acre.  Lastly,  the  mention  of  the  name  of 
Richard  Shanne  has  led  to  the  rediscovery  of  his,  the  oldest  garden 
list  of  all  that  are  still  unprinted,  in  the  British  Museum. 

The  Goodyer  MSS.  have  thus  provided  a  richer  store  of  definite 
horticultural  facts  relating  to  special  English  gardens,  and  dating 
from  the  first  half  of  the  seventeenth  century,  than  any  that  has  yet 
been  published.  To  this  material  we  have  added  a  few  other 
contemporary  notes  and  lists,  not  previously  published,  which  we 
came  across  when  searching  for  matter  relating  to  the  early  annals 
of  English  horticulture. 

i.  Oxford  and  Winchester  Gardens,  1570-2. 
The  following  notes  of  plants  growing  in  gardens  in  Oxford  and 
Winchester  are  written  by  a  sixteenth-century  botanist  in  his  copy  of 
Du  Pinet's  Historia  Plantartim,  now  in  the  library  of  the  Botanical 
Department  of  the  British  Museum.^  When  no  locality  is  men- 
tioned, we  provisionally  assume  the  garden  to  have  been  in  or  near 
Winchester.  In  one  case  only  is  another  county  mentioned  :  the 
Olive, '  Olea  sativa',  p.  81, '  at  belnys  nothers  in  Suffolk  (that  is  not 
wild) showing  that  in  spite  of  Tacitus's  adverse  opinion  of  our 
climate  the  olive  was  being  grown  in  England  a  full  quarter  of 
a  century  before  the  date  of  Gerard's  garden  list.  We  have  sug- 
gested that  the  writer  may  have  been  Dr.  Walter  Bayley  of  New 
College,  p.  235. 

Henry  Crosse's  Oxford  Garden,  1570. 

The  friend  of  the  unnamed  botanist  may  be  identified  with 
Henry  Crosse,  Bedell  of  Theology,  who  was  Registrar  of  the 
University  from  1566  to  1570.  His  house  and  garden  are  of  great 
historic  interest,  because  there  in  after  years  (1654-68)  Robert 
Boyle  lodged,  had  his  laboratory,  and  invented  his  famous  air- 
pump.^  There  on  the  south  side  of  the  High  Street,  and  not  far 
from  the  quarter  of  the  ancient  Apothecaries  in  Oxford,  Henry 
Crosse  cultivated  simples  which  may  have  been  of  value  to  his 
successor  (and  ?  descendant),  Crosse  the  apothecary,^  whose  drugs 

*  See  p.  235. 

An  engraving  of  the  front  of  Crosse's  house  is  reproduced  in  Gunther,  Early 
Science  in  Oxford,  1 920,  p.  1 1 . 

^  Perhaps  we  owe  the  first  evidence  of  the  Lily  of  the  Valley  as  an  Oxford- 
shire plant  to  Crosse.  '  Lilly  of  ye  Vallies,  Crosse,  ye  Apothecarie,  had  a  basket 
full  of  ye  flower.  They  grow  about  Stokenchurch.'  John  Ward's  Diary,  1665. 
(Information  from  Sir  D'Arcy  Power.)  The  first  printed  ^  x^zoxd.'  for  the  Lily 
of  the  Valley  in  Oxfordshire  is  ^  Blackstone,  1746'. 


WATSON,  JAMES  BARNABY  305 

and  scientific  entourage  doubtless  proved  no  small  attraction  to 
Robert  Boyle. 

Our  author  mentions  the  garden  thrice. 
Hedysarum  aut  Securidaca,  Du  Pinet,  p.  402.  Coronilla  varia^  L. 

'  In  Crosses  Garden  at  Oxford  in  1570.'  '  In  Mr.  Watson's  booke.' 

Aethiopis,  p.  557.  Salvia  Aethiopis,  L. 

'  In  Crosses  Garden  at  Oxford.' 
Scorpioides,  p.  639.  Ornithopus  scorpioides^  L. 

'At  Oxford  in  Crosses  garden  1570.' 

[John]  Watson's  Winchester  Garden,  1572. 

Six  of  the  plant-records  are  associated  with  the  name  of  a 
Watson,  who  I  think  must  be  the  John  Watson  (1520—84)  who 
took  an  M.D.  degree  at  Oxford,  and  began  life  practising  as 
a  physician.  A  native  of  Evesham,  he  became  a  Fellow  of  All 
Souls  in  1540.  'At  length,  about  the  time  Queen  Elizabeth  came 
to  the  throne,  if  not  happily  before,  he  entred  into  holy  orders,  was 
made  prebendary  of  Winchester,  archdeacon  of  Surrey,  and  Master 
of  the  Hospital  of  St.  Cross  near  Winchester'  (1559)-  In  the 
fifteenth  year  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  1572,  the  date  of  our  notes, 
he  was  made  Dean  of  Winchester.  He  evidently  kept  up  his  early 
interest  in  medicine,  for  in  1575  he  was  admitted  to  the  degree  of 
Dr.  of  Physick.    He  became  Bishop  of  Winchester  in  1 580. 

Some  of  the  notes  refer  to  a  '  booke '  which  we  take  to  be 
a  Hortus  siccus^  which  may  have  also  included  wild  plants.  His 
garden  is  likely  to  have  been  at  St.  Cross. 

Myrica  s.  Tamarix,  Dti  Pinet ^  P-  55*  Tamarix gallica,  L. 

'In  Mr.  Watson's  booke  and  garden  1572.    Of  this  there  is  said  to  be 
2  kyndes,  the  greater  bearing  fruit  like  to  the  lesser  oake  apples  or  gaules, 
the  other  bearing  grayeish  leaves  without  fruite.* 
Ornithogallum,  p.  207.  Ornithogaluin  umbellattmt^  L. 

'  In  Mr.  Watson's  booke.' 
Gratiola,  p.  290.  Gratiola  officinalis^  L. 

'  A  kynd  of  the  lesser  Centaurie  in  Mr.  Watson's  and  S.  Cross,  1 570.' 
Althaea  Ibisc,  p.  420.  Althaea  officinalis,  L. 

'  Mr,  Watson's  garden.' 
Althaea  sive  Bismalva,  p.  421.  Malva  Alcea,  L. 

'  Mr.  Watson's  garden.' 
Centauriuni  maius,  p.  270.  Centaurea  Centauretcm,  L. 

'  In  Mr.  Barnaby's  garden  and  Mr.  Watson's  booke.' 

James'  Winchester  Garden. 

Cornus,  p.  108.  Cornus  ?7ias,  L. 

'  In  Mr.  Jeames  garden  at  Winchester.' 

X 


3o6 


GARDEN  LISTS 


Barnaby's  Garden. 

Cicer,  p.  136.  Cicer  arietinmn,  L. 

*  Chiche.    Mr.  Barnbyes  garden.' 

Centaurium  maius,  p.  270.  Centaurea  Centaureum,  L. 

*  In  Mr.  Barnaby's  garden  and  Mr.  Watson's  booke.' 

Acanthus,  p.  277.  Acanthus  mollis^  L. 

*  Mr.  Barnbyes  garden.' 

Ammi,  p.  329.  Ammi  inajtis,  L. 

*  Mr.  Barabyes  garden.' 

Alchimilla,  p.  571.  Alchemilla  vulgaris,  L. 

*  Mr.  Barabyes  garden.' 

Heyden's  Garden,  1570.^ 

Aristolochia  longa,  p.  268.  Aristolochia  longa,  L. 

'  In  Mr.  Heden's  garden.' 
Stachys,  p.  366.  Stachys  geniianica,  L. 

'  In  Mr.  Heiden's  garden  1570.' 
Hypecoum,  p.  410.  Hibiscus  irio7ium,  L. 

*  In  Mr.  Heidens  garden.' 

Mandragoras,  p.  512.  Mandr agora  officinalis,  L. 

'  In  Hedans  garden.' 

Galega,  p.  584.  Scandix  Pecten- Veneris,  L. 

'  Sheperds  neydle.    In  Mr.  Heides  garden.' 

Tithymalus  cyparissias,  p.  609.  Euphorbia  Cyparissias,  L. 

*  In  Mr.  Heides  garden.' 

The  Gardens  of  Norton,  Wallop  and  Basket,  and  that 
OF  Dummer  Rectory. 
All  names  are  well  known  in  Hampshire.    The  Nortons  owned 
land  in  Nutley,  which  is  near  Dummer. 

Anemone  altera,  p.  250.  Anemone  sp, 

*  In  Norton's  garden.' 

Trifolium  odoratum,  p.  372.  Melilotus  officinalis,  L. 

'  In  Mr.  Basket's  garden.' 
Antirrhinum,  p.  579.  Antirrhinum  7najus,  L. 

*  At  Dumer  in  the  pstes  garden.' 

Cupressus,  p.  40.  Cupressus  sempervirens,  L. 

'Wallops  Gardens  at  hapton.'    [?  Southampton.] 

[Sir  Henry  Wallop  was  a  very  important  personage  at  the  time.] 

ii.  Sir  John  Salusbury's  Garden  at  Lleweni,  1596,  1607-8. 

The  botanical  records  entered  by  Sir  John  Salusbury  in  his  copy 
of  Gerard's  Herbal  have  already  been  described,  p.  343.  Two  docu- 
ments in  Oxford  mention  the  Lleweni  gardens  in  the  seventeenth 

*  A  Benjamin  Heyden  of  Hants  matric.  at  New  College  in  1586,  and  became 
a  master  at  Winchester  College. 


SIR  JOHN  SALUSBURY  307 

century,  and  it  has  been  suggested  that  a  passage  in  a  poem  by 
Salusbury's  friend  and  '  Court  poet ',  Robert  Chester,  described  the 
site.^  Elsewhere  Chester  records  in  verse  a  failure  of  fruit  due  to  an 
unusually  cold  spring  about  the  end  of  the  sixteenth  century.^  The 
lines  were  written  for  A  merrimt  of  christmas  at  the  house  of  the 
Right  WorsJiipfidl  John  Sahisbury  of  Leweny,  Esq.  After  stating 
that  the  occasion  was  one  on  which  '  we  of  Arcadia  sometime 
frolique  swaines ' 

'should  heare  present  as  newe  yeares  homely  gift 
peares  Apples  fild  bieres  or  the  hazell  nut 
or  other  fruite  that  this  faire  clymatt  yelds 
but  nipping  winter  and  a  forward  spring 
blasted  our  trees  and  all  our  summer  budds 
whose  blossomes  should  have  yelded  dainty  fare  ' 

the  poet  goes  on  to  propose  a  hornepipe,  songs,  and  a  dance. 

Sir  John  grew  three  novelties  which  he  considered  worthy  of 
mention  in  his  Herbal.  Two  of  them  he  raised  from  seed,  which 
he  may  have  obtained  from  Gerard,  and  to  his  evident  satisfaction 
they  proved  true  to  the  pictures  in  the  Herbal. 

Helianthus  annuus,  L. 

'  This  galant  greate  sunflower  grewe  in  Sir  John  Salusbury's  Garden  at 
Llewenye  &  cam  to  the  full  perfection  of  this  portraiture  the  yeare  1607. 
Datura  Metel,  L.    The  Smooth  Thorn  Apple  introduced  by  Gerard  from 
Robin. 

'  This  faire  herbe  grewe  to  full  perfection  accordinge  to  the  portraiture  in 
Sir  J.  S.  his  Gardeyne  at  Lleweny  in  the  yeare  of  our  Lord  1607.' 

Paris  quadrifolia^  L.,  he  transplanted  to  his  garden  in  1608. 

Marks  in  the  margins  of  the  book  show  that  he  was  well  acquainted 
with  a  large  number  of  garden  plants,  but  the  only  one  that  is 

*  Chester,  Love's  Martyr,  p.  11  : 

Hard  by  a  running  streame  or  crystal!  fountaine, 
Wherein  rich  Orie?it  pearle  is  often  found, 
Enuiron'd  with  a  high  and  steepie  mountaine, 
A  fertill  soile  and  fruitful  plot  of  ground, 

There  shalt  thou  find  true  Honors  lovely  Squh-e^ 
That  for  this  Phoenix  keepes  Prometheus  fire. 
His  bovver  wherein  he  lodgeth  all  the  night. 
Is  fram'd  of  Caedars  and  high  loftie  Pine. 
An  ancient  well-head  is  one  of  the  antiquities  at  Lleweni,  and  there  still 
remains  the  stump  of  a  very  old  cedar  that  is  figured  in  one  of  the  engravings 
of  the  old  Hall  near  the  artificial  lake. 

^  It  has  already  been  noticed  that  the  weather  about  this  time  was  most  un- 
propitious.  '  For  a  series  of  years,  wet  summers  had  raised  the  price  of  corn, 
and  in  1596  wheat  in  London  reached  the  famine  price  of  ^5  4  o  per  quarter; 
this  too  when  the  purchasing  power  of  money  was  fully  six  times  its  present 
value.'    Jackson,  Gerard's  Catalogue,  vii. 

X  2 


3o8  GARDEN  LISTS 

further  described  is  a  variety  of  Clove  Pink :  '  At  Seaton  in 
Northumberland  at  the  House  of  the  Right  Worthy  Sir  Ralphe 
Delavale  ^  is  a  Clove  Gilloflower  almost  perfecte  blacke.'  The  pro- 
duction of  artificial  varieties  among  Gilliflowers  was  known  to 
Shakespeare,  see  p.  6i. 

Sir  John's  garden  continued  to  flourish  long  after  his  death. 
I  have  recently  found  unexpected  evidence  as  to  its  state  in  the  year 
1680  in  a  letter  contained  in  the  H or  ties  siccus  of  Edward  Morgan 
in  the  Bodleian  Library  (Ashm.  MS.  1797).  This  collection  of 
plants  seems  to*  have  been  begun  in  1672,  and  to  have  received 
additions  until  1682  ;  unfortunately  the  plants,  which  are  arranged 
alphabetically  are  not  localized.  The  collection  includes  specimens 
of  Vicia  Bathoniensis  Goody eri  and  of  the  four  species  of  Elms 
described  by  him. 

The  letter  is  addressed 

ffor  Mr.  Edward  Morgan  living  att 

Bodesclen,  theis  deliver  with  a  Basged  with  Care. 

Mr. 

Morgan  my  humbell  servis  to  you  returning  you  humbell  thanks  for  my 
plants  &  seeds  I  have  send  you  theis  seeds  folwing  which  I  thought  would 
bee  exceptabell  to  you.  And  I  have  send  you  what  plants  as  I  know  of  what 
you  have  send  for  and  if  you  have  a  mind  of  any  thing  that  you  know  to  bee 
in  Leweny  gardens  I  shall  bee  redy  to  serve  you  in  other  plants  or  seeds  ; 
and  so  with  my  humbell  serveis  to  you  I  rest  and  remane  to  serve  you  whilst 
I  am 

Tho  Thornes. 

Lleweny  20*1^  day  of  Sept.  \c.  1680] 

Dubell  wh  popy  Littell  snipt  Canpion 

evear  lasting  pece  Venus  Lookinglas 

Dubell  throtwort  Pollyanthus  out  of  ye  Litell  Garden 

Sweet  William  out  of  ye  potts         ffenill  flower 

Jarman  Cachfley  Marsh  mallows 

Pollyanthus  harey  sen  Johns  wort 

Scarllet  Popys  hashed  fish 

Ross  Larkheell  Sweet  Scabious 

Bedford  pinke  .      dubell  Collanbine 

2  faces  under  a  hood  Vulnearia  for  yor  oneld  (oueld  ?)  Cock 

blew  bodell 

I  pray  if  you  have  any  of  theis  plants  to  send  mee  a  few  of 

Sanicell  Moon  wort  Spare  wort 

Parsly  Ston  broke  Cotton  tree  Laser  wort 

Barren  wort  Balm  of  Gilead  Iron  wort 

As  bodill  Lavender  Cotton  Mony  wort 

Anons  Claver  Moth  wort 

Fraxsenella  ore  Dittany       Corall  wort  Pony  wort 

Dragon  wort  Cross  wort 

Glass  wort  Fig  wort 

Mr.  Harisson  presents  his  servis  to  you  and  Will.  Tomas  &  Coocke. 

[At  end  Morgan's  List  of  Plants  in  the  Appendix  to  his  Hortus  sica^s.] 

*  Craster,  Bz's/.  Northimiberland^  Tynejuouth,  describes  his  coal-mining. 


FORMAN  OF  MAGDALEN 


At  the  present  day,  alas,  the  splendours  of  Lleweni  are  no  more. 
The  far-famed  agricultural  wealth  of  the  Vale  of  Clwyd  has  not 
proved  sufficient  to  maintain  the  larger  country  houses  of  the 
Tudors,  let  alone  their  gardens,  and  the  great  house  of  the  Salus- 
burys  is  now  only  represented  by  a  couple  of  large  farm  houses, 
the  one  in  the  stables  and  the  other  in  the  offices  of  the  old 
mansion.  A  huge  walled  orchard  still  remains,  though  the  trees 
have  run  wild  and  its  high  walls  have  been  partly  removed  for 
building  material ;  and  there  are  scattered  fruit  trees  in  the 
woods. 

The  original  flower  gardens  seem  to  have  been  altered  before 
the  demolition  of  the  house,  in  accordance  with  the  cult  of  the 
*  landscape '  inculcated  by  the  eighteenth-century  school  of  Kent 
and  Capability  Brown,  while  the  architecture  of  the  house  was 
being  remodelled  in  the  style  of  Adam.  The  present  tenant, 
Mrs.  Roberts,  informs  me  that  the  present  garden  is  largely  within 
the  lines  of  the  foundations  of  the  old  Hall,  but  that  all  tradition 
of  the  original  gardens  has  been  lost. 

iii.  Dr.  Simon  Forman's  Lambeth  Garden,  1608. 

The  strictly  scientific  character  of  Goodyer's  writings,  revealing 
the  practical  attitude  of  his  mind,  is  remarkable  in  an  age  when 
so  many  of  his  '  scientific '  contemporaries  were  seduced  by  the 
specious  promises  of  astrology,  alchemy,  and  divination,  legacies 
from  Arabian  civilization.  The  astrological  gardening  of  the  time 
is  illustrated  by  a  fragment  from  the  diary  of  a  former  member 
of  Magdalen  College,  which  will  at  any  rate  be  of  interest  to  those 
who  make  a  detailed  study  of  the  topography  of  London. 

Thurneiser,  Winckler,  and  Culpeper  have  all  emphasized  the 
importance  of  gathering  roots  and '  enchanted  herbs '  under  particular 
stars,  but  Forman  evidently  believed  in  the  influence  of  the  moon 
on  planting  as  well. 

The  first  entries  evidently  refer  to  the  acquisition  of  the  site. 

1596.  29  Jan.  at  4  I  went  first  to  see  the  garden.  On  30  Jan,  ...  I  went  to 
spek  with  Mr.  Katerins  for  his  garden. 

1597.  This  yere  betwen  Michehnas  and  Christmas  I  toke  Lambeth  House 
and  entred  yt  a  moneth  after  Christmas.    Lambeth  House  at  Westminster,  no^a, 

1607. 

15  July  at  7  p.m.  I  began  to  cut  and  bush  up  the  garden  of  Roses  at  Lambeth 
Marsh  ^  and  I  began  in  the  north  west  part  and  made  som  dossen  bushes  or 
better. 

30  Aug.  I  put  the  gilliflowers  in  the  flower  (?)  garden. 

^  Lambeth  Marsh  was  due  east  of  the  end  of  Westminster  Bridge.  Seven 
houses  only  are  shown  there  in  a  map  of  1560. 


310 


GARDEN  LISTS 


Trees  planted  in  1608. 

Anno  1608  the  29  of  November  post  mer.  I  set  the  framboy  trees  under  the 
west  pall  all  along  at  Lambeth  Marshe  post  mer.  at  30  p.  3  in  Haufilds  garden. 

The  7  dai  Decemb.  9  I  set  the  willovves  all  alonge  towarde  the  Lane,  and  at 
afternon  at  33  set  the  first  rose  tre  at  the  bankes  end  toward  the  door  by  the 
Lane     d  in  0  d 

The  8  dai  11  p.m.  at  2,  I  set  the  rest  of  the  rose  tres  all  along  the  bank  towards 
the  Lane  d  in  0  .  .  pt  a  $  ap  A  in  >^  &  6  more  rose  tres  on  the  bank  at 
Davies  syd  toward  the  lane. 

The  9  dai  $  I  set  all  the  other  rosse  ....  toward  Davies  syd  from  the  pryvi 
Doun  toward  the  Lane  but  only  6  which  wer  set  the  night  before  those  that  stand 
towards  Davies  syd  towards  the  Lane. 

Also  the  9  dai  December  I  set  the  6  philberts  and  the  2  pech  trees  and  they 
stand  right  against  the  postes  at  the  ends,  vz.  toward  the  lane  &  towards  the  hous. 
The  camonill  on  the  banck  by  the  pryvi  and  the  premrose  were  set  the  9  dai  at 
3  p.  merid. 

The  16  dai  of  Decemb.  $  p.m.  I  set  the  roses  and  2  apple  tres  all  along  by 
the  palle  toward  Hammons  garden  &  Mr.  Walters  garden  except  those  west  the 
arb  exept  to  Mr.  Walterers  garden    d  in  iij^. 

The  roses  by  the  gose  berryes  and  all  the  small  roses  under  Waterers  pall  wer 
set  1609  the  4  of  January  a.m.  between  9  &  11  of  the  pmeks  (?). 

The  first  beanes  I  set  this  year  1609  wer  set  the  7  dai  of  January  ^2  •  •  •  between 
8  &  9  &;  they  wer  set  in  Haufilde  garden  all  along  from  the  corner  of  the  pall 
from  the  pryvi  by  the  Raspis  &  so  along  by  John  Davies  garden  to  the  lane,  & 
all  along  the  banck  by  the  lane  in  both  gardenes,  &  they  wer  watered  24  howares 
befor,  4  daies  befor  the  d  was  at  full. 

[MS.  Ashm.  2402,  f.  37.] 


iv.  Lord  Salisbury's  Garden  at  Hatfield,  161  i. 
See  below  under  J.  Tradescant. 


V.  Richard  Shanne's  Garden  List,  1615. 
See  p.  264. 

Richard  Shanne  of  Woodrowe  near  Methley  in  Yorkshire  was 
planting  woods  and  orchards  as  early  as  1577.  The  entries  in  his 
diary  come  down  to  1617,  so  that  it  is  exceedingly  probable  that 
many  of  the  plants  named  in  his  list  were  being  cultivated  by  him 
long  before  the  date  of  the  writing  out  of  the  list.  His  observations 
on  the  weather  are  of  great  local  interest. 

,  THE  NAMES  OF  ALL  THE  HERBES 

growinge  together  at  this  daie  in  my  Garden^ 
and  fyrst  of  the  plants  called  gram  en  striatum. 

Richard  Shanne.  161 5. 

Ladies  Girdle.  Bulbed  blewe  flower  de  luce. 

Blewe  flower  de  luce.  Bulbed  Chaungable  flower  de  luce. 

Purple     „        „  An  other  bulbed  „  „ 

Whit       ,,        „  Stinkinge  Gladon. 

Narrowe  leaved  flower  de  luce.  Kings  Speare. 

An  other  flower  de  luce.  Gladeolus  cleare  red. 

Velvet        „        „  „       way  red. 


SHANNE  161.5 


Yellowe  Lillie  with  —  blades. 
Day  „ 
May  „ 
Whit 

Great  red  Lillie. 
Small  red 
Pearle  red  „ 
Calcedonian  Lillie. 
Mountaine  „ 
Swete  yellowe  „ 
Imperiall  „ 
Hyachinthus  Whit  flo: 
„  purple. 
„         Ash  ciilloiir. 
„         Skye  collour. 
„  Botroides. 
„         bush  topp. 
Narcissus  yellowe  Circle. 
„       redd  Circle. 
„       doble  flowers. 
„       yellowe  flowers. 
Tulipa  w*-'  yellowe  flowers. 
Tulipa  precox  with  yellowe  flowers. 
„     with  flowers  redd  &  yellow. 
„     bright  red  flowers. 
„     darke  red  flowers. 
„     whit  flowers. 
„     apple  blome  cullour 

and  thirtie  or  fortie  more 
varieties. 
Fritillaria  Chekered  Daffodilly. 
Doble  Daffodillie. 
Snowe  Dropps. 
Saffron  three  kynds. 
Starr  of  Jerusalem. 
Starr  of  Bethlem. 
Scodoraprasum. 
Sarpents  Molie. 
Raphanus. 
Dittander. 
Tarragon. 
Succorie. 
Endive. 
Orach  whit. 

„  redd. 
Winter  cherries. 
Yellowe  henbane. 
Doble  poppie  divers  kynds. 
Anemone  scarlet  coullour. 

,,       blewe  flowers. 
Munkes  Ruberbe. 
Bistorte. 
Scurvie  grasse. 
Adders  tounge. 
Herbe  Trewlove. 
Lunaria  minor. 

„  maior. 
Rose  plantaine. 
Goulden  Rodd. 
Sopewort  Gentian. 
Bell  flowers. 


Dames  violetts. 
Doble  campions. 
Flower  Constantinople. 
Lysimachia  blewe  flower. 
„         purple  flower, 
yellow  flower. 
Thorowe  leafe. 
Tutsan. 

Time  of  Candie. 
Yellow  Time. 
Winter  Savourie. 
Sommer  „ 
Dodder. 
Whit  Hyssope. 
Yellow  „ 
Greene 

Lavander  gentle. 

„  spike. 
Maile  Lavander. 
Gilliflowers  manie  kindes. 
Sweet  Williams. 
London  Tufts. 
Thrift. 
Sneese  wort. 
Gromell. 
Everlastinge. 
Cost  Marie. 
Maudlaine. 
Doble  Tanseie, 

feverfewe. 
Germander. 
Sweet  marjerome. 
Pott 
Yellow 
Pennie  Riall. 
Mints  divers  kynds. 
Calamints. 
Balme. 
Motherwort. 
Avicen's  Agrimonie. 
Sawwoorte. 

Betanie  w*^  whit  flowers. 
Mountaine  Scabious. 
Great  blewe  Bottell. 
Marigoulds  all  the  kynds. 
Sage  divers  kynds. 
Claray. 

Oculus  Christi. 
Doble  Cowslipps. 
Double  Primrose. 
Bears  eare. 
Spotted  sanicle. 
Sanicula  alpina. 
Ladies  mantle. 
Enula  campana. 
Borage  w*'^  whit  flowers. 

„       blewe  „ 
Comfrey  w*^  whit  „ 
„      purple  „ 
Cowslipps  of  Jerusalem. 
Dragon. 


312 


GARDEN  LISTS 


Assarabacca. 

Whit  Double  Violets. 

Blew      „  „ 

Ladies  Bovver  or  Virgins  Bow. 

An  other  Virgins  Bower. 

Periwincle  w*^  whit  flowers. 

„  purple  flowers. 

„  blewe  flowers. 

Asclepias. 
Salamons  scale. 

Double  holihocks  sundrie  collours. 

Single        „        divers  kynds. 

Mary  mallowes. 

Musled  Cranes  bill. 

Double  Gouldins. 

Globe  flowers. 

Wolves  baines  two  kynds. 

Hellibor  Blacke. 

Bastard  Hellibore. 

Double  peonie  redd. 

„         „  white. 
Female  the  lesse. 

M        „       „  great. 
Maile  „ 
Angellica. 
Bastard  pellitorie. 
Herbe  Gerard. 


Clounes  AUheale. 

Lovage. 

Corianders. 

Smallage. 

Alexanders. 

Fennell  (giant). 

Dill. 

Chervill. 

Myrhis  or  Sifilis. 

Spignel. 

Filipendula. 

Setwall  Valerian. 

Grekish 

Larkes  peele  redd,  white  &  blew. 

Columbines  all  cullours  doble. 

Romaine  wormwood. 

Oke  of  Jerusalem. 

Lavander  Cotton. 

Asparagus. 

Madder. 

Carduus  benedictus. 

Ladies  thistle. 

Artichokes. 

Cirsium. 

Kidnie  beanes. 

Lupines. 

Rewe. 


PLANTS 

Red  Rose. 
Whit  „ 
Damask  Rose. 
Provence  „ 
Yellowe  „ 
Cynamon  „ 
Muske  „ 
Gelderland  „ 
Rosmarie. 

Woodbine  thorow  leafe. 

Leneholans. 

Pescod  tree. 


OF  WODDIE  SUBSTANCE 

Yellowe  Goosberies. 
Red  Goosberies. 
Savey  Tree. 
Tamariske. 
Privitt. 
Chesnut  Tre. 
Sycamor  Tre. 
Quince  Tre. 
Medler  Tre. 
Mulberie  Tre. 
Job's  teares. 
Firr  tre. 


vi.  William  Coys' ^  Garden  1604-1616. 

William  Coys'  garden  at  Stubbers  in  Essex  has  already  been 
described,  p.  17.  It  will  always  be  remembered  in  horticulture  as 
the  classic  locality  where  the  Yucca  first  flowered  in  England, 

^  Mr.  C.  B.  Russell  has  very  kindly  supplied  extracts  from  the  Parish 
Register  of  North  Ockendon  which  show  that  William  Coys  was  buried  on 
9  March  1627,  having  lost  his  wife  Mary  ten  years  previously.  His  tomb- 
stone which  is  not  now  visible,  is  stated  in  the  Essex  Archaeological  Society^ s 
Journal^  to  have  borne  an  inscription,  the  dates  of  which  do  not  agree  with 
those  given  in  the  Register.    It  probably  ran  as  follows: 

Here  under  ly  buried  the  Bodies  of  William  Coys  of  Stubbers  in  this 
parish  Esquier,  who  decessed  the  6  day  of  March  1627  and  of  Marie  his 
wife,  the  second  daughter  of  Giles  Aleyne  of  Hasleigh  Hall  in  the  County 


COYS 


and  whence  Goodyer  obtained  so  many  Spanish  plants  from  the 
stock  recently  imported  by  the  traveller  William  Boel.  We  now 
know  that  it  was  the  station  whence  the  newly  imported  Ivy-leaved 


Noitailoriofeeku  &  of  'mtA  XV  C  A. 


(iitlm  Clari^mus  &  piiffimus  V.D.  G:tiLCoy: 

Coys'  Yucca,  after  Lobel,  1605. 


of  Essex,  Esq  who  decessed  ye  13*^  Day  of  March  1617  who  had  issue 
8  sonnes  and  6  daughters 

And  here 's  the  worst  that  envious  Death  could  doe 
Let  loose  two  soules  that  long'd  to  Heaven  to  goe. 
Of  his  fourteen  children,  Matthew,  bapt.  1594,  bur.  1595  ;  Daniel,  bur.  1595  ; 
Maralah,  b.  1596;  Matthew,  bapt.  1596;  and  Sylvanus,  bur.  1613,  are  ali 
mentioned  in  the  Register.  Giles  Coys,  whose  children  were  born  between 
1627  and  1632,  was  the  eldest  son.  The  signatures  of  both  William  and  Giles 
Coys  are  written  on  the  title-page  of  a  copy  of  Dalechamp's  Historia  generalis 
Plantarum,  1587,  now  in  the  Sherardian  Collection  in  the  Botanic  Garden  at 
Oxford.  Both  volumes  are  inscribed  ^ Liber  Gulielmi  Coys^  ab  M"*''^  Riniee 
Junii  18,  1604,  nunc  vero  Aegidii  Coys  Sept.  4,  1627  *. 

By  inquiry  at  Somerset  House  I  found  his  will  (P.C.C.  37  Skynner).  It  was 
dated  8  Dec.  1618  and  proved  2  April  1627,  Giles  Coys  being  named  as  sole 
executor. 


GARDEN  LISTS 


Toadflax  spread  over  England,  where  Goodyer  learnt  about  a  new 
species  of  Elm,  saw  many  other  plants  for  the  first  time,  and  whence 
he  stocked  his  Hampshire  garden  at  Droxford. 

Veast  and  Bee7\ 

If  in  1 5 15  so  supreme  a  genius  as  Leonardo  da  Vinci  did  not 
despise  the  petty  details  of  the  preparation  of  his  national  drink, 
and  wrote  letters  thereon  deprecating  a  bad  habit  of  making  wine 
in  uncovered  vessels,  so  that  the  essence  escaped  to  the  air  during 
fermentation,  surely  a  scientific  history  of  cultivators  of  plants 
should  take  cognizance  of  the  first  advances  in  practical  brewing. 
With  the  name  of  Coys  may  be  associated  some  of  the  earliest 
recorded  experiments  of  an  exact  nature  in  what  is  the  most 
fundamental  operation  in  the  whole  of  Biochemistry — the  production 
of  alcohol  from  malt.  Beer  has  not  always  been  the  national  drink 
of  the  Englishman.  Only  a  very  few  years  before  Coys'  childhood, 
an  English  author  on  Dyetary  thought  it  necessary  to  define  in 
print  what  this  new  drink,  beer,  really  is.  '  Bere  is  made  of  malte, 
of  hoppes,  and  water :  it  is  a  naturall  drynke  for  a  Dutche  man. 
And  nowe  of  late  dayes  it  is  moche  used  in  Englande  to  the 
detryment  of  many  Englysshe  men.'-^ 

The  older  recipes  give  hardly  more  detail  than  this.^  Without 
knowing  of  its  existence  as  a  plant  William  Coys  had  made  a 
detailed  study  of  the  culture  of  the  Yeast  plant,  the  results  of  which 
he  communicated  to  Lobel,  who  printed  them  in  1605.^  It  is 
clear  that  he  knew  from  experience  that  a  small  rise  or  fall  of 
temperature  would  profoundly  alter  the  working  of  yeast,  and 
that  he  introduced  improvements  in  the  brewing  of  beer.  Coys 
may  not  improbably  have  received  his  first  lessons  in  the  art 
of  brewing  from  persons  who  could  recall  a  time  when  no  hop- 
brewed  beer  was  made  in  England,  for  hops,  it  is  believed,  came  to 
England  from  Flanders  on  one  and  the  same  ship  with  '  peacocks 
and  heretics',  or,  more  precisely,  between  1520  and  1524.  An 
account  of  brewing  as  practised  in  France  had  recently  been 
published  in  1600  in  Surflet's  translation  of  the  Maison  Rustique 
by  Charles  Stevens  (Estienne),  but  the  use  of  yeast  is  not  as  well 

^  Boorde,  Dyetary,  x.  256.  1542. 

^  Possibly  Dr.  Walter  Bayley's  MS.  entitled  ^  Explicatio  Galeni  de  potu  .  .  . 
et  praecipue  de  7iostrae  Alae  et  Biriae  paratione,  might  be  helpful,  but  though 
said  to  have  been  in  the  Library  of  Robert,  Earl  of  Aylesbury,  it  is  not  now 
to  be  found'  (D'A.  Power). 

^  Lobel,  Adversaria  pars  alte7'a,  1605,  pp.  471-2. 


COYS  AND  BREWING 


explained  as  in  Coys'  account.  Owing  to  the  improved  methods 
of  brewing  advocated  by  Coys  and  others,  English  Beer  made 
from  Barley  and  Hops,  became  '  famous  in  Netherland,  for  England 
yields  plenty  of  Hops  '.^ 

The  following  is  a  somewhat  free  translation  of  Lobel's  Latin 
version  of  Coys'  recipes. 

The  fullest  and  most  precise  directions  in  the  English  language  for 
the  brewing  of  the  most  agreeable  and  wholesome  of  all  German  & 
English  Cerevisia  or  Beer^  that  is  at  once  most  siiitable  for  use  in 
warm  countries,  received  from  the  illustrious  Mr.  William  Coys,  the 
highly  skilled  Botanist. 

^  Heat  40  gallons  of  river  water,  but  do  not  let  it  boil.  Draw  off  a  third 
•  part  into  a  tub  and  soak  in  it  one  measure  of  the  best  malt,  crushed 
soft,  for  a  whole  hour  or  longer,  but  without  heating.  At  the  end  of  this  time 
the  liquor,  known  in  England  and  Belgium  as  Wort,  is  strained  into  a  suitable 
vessel  by  withdrawing  a  spigot  from  a  hole  at  the  bottom  of  the  tub.  While  the 
straining  is  in  progress,  heat  another  third  of  the  water,  as  described,  and  pour 
it  on  the  liquor  that  has  been  strained  for  an  hour. 

But  if  you  wish  to  brew  a  larger  quantity  of  rather  stonger  beer,  pour  the 
second  part  of  the  hot  water  on  to  the  strained  malt  and  let  it  infuse  for  an  hour 
or  an  hour  and  a  half.  At  the  same  time  heat  the  strained  wort  first  prepared 
with  4  ounces  of  flowers  of  Hops — and  for  the  same  time  (i-i^  hours),  then 
strain  through  a  hair  sieve  and  cool  by  pouring  it  into  a  tub.  In  this  tub  the 
wort  must  not  be  more  than  a  foot  in  depth,  though  in  winter  it  may  be  a  little 
deeper.  When  it  has  got  cool  in  summer  (but  luke-warm  in  winter),  take  up 
a  fair  quantity  in  a  convenient  vessel,  and  put  to  it  half  a  pound  or  8  oz.  of  the 
best  barm  of  beer,  called  in  English  Yeast,  in  Belgian  Gyst,  and  in  French  Gy. 
The  yeast  should  be  diluted  and  thoroughly  stirred  in  another  vessel  or  pitcher 
with  three  or  four  times  its  quantity  of  the  strained  'W07^t.  The  pitcher  is  stood 
in  the  remainder  of  the  wort  in  the  tub,  and  the  scum  frothing  up  in  the  pitcher 
is  allowed  to  overflow  into  the  strained  wort  in  which  the  pitcher  is  standing,  so 
as  to  work  up  the  whole  of  the  strained  wort  into  a  state  of  boiling  and  fermenta- 
tion. The  second  infusion  of  strained  wort  is  then  poured  in  gently,  so  as  not 
to  hinder  the  boiling.  All  this  is  done  until  the  barm  has  risen  sufficiently ; 
it  often  rises  a  foot,  and  without  reheating ;  and  the  beverage  begins  to  smell 
like  the  strained  liquor,  but  not  bitter  (for  Cerevisia  rapidly  acquires  a  flavour 
of  vinegar).  Finally,  the  Cerevisia  is  kept  in  vessels  that  are  filled  and  closed 
after  the  effervesence  is  over. 

Light  Beer.  If  you  want  a  light  beer  (such  as  we  usually  find  agreeable  in 
summer),  mix  the  first  and  last  strained  liquors  :  heat,  add  a  sufficient  quantity 
of  hops,  and  proceed  as  aforesaid.  Pour  the  third  and  last  part  of  the  hot  water 
on  the  malt  to  yield  the  weakest  beer  of  all :  let  it  soak  for  two  hours,  and  then 
proceed  as  before. 


Moryson,  Itinerary,  1617. 


3i6 


GARDEN  LISTS 


Then  follow  recipes  for  making : 
Cerevisia  Martia  (March  Beer)  invigorating,  most  nutritions, 
very  lasthig,  keeping  a  year. 

Ale,  an  agreeable  drink,  of  the  flavour  of  wine,  as  used  by  the 
first  nobility  of  England. 

Coys'  Garden  .1604-5. 

Several  early  printed  references  to  plants  grown  by  Mr.  Coys 
show  that  he  was  the  most  enterprising  amateur  grower  of  his  day 
of  new  and  rare  plants  in  England.  His  success  with  Primulas  was 
praised  by  LobeV  who  noted  three  new  kinds  at  Stubbers,  'Primula 
verisgemino flore,  altera  superior e  luteo,  alteri inferior e  viridi  innato\ 
two  varieties  of  the  '  Primula  veris  ex  luteolo  subviridi  altius  laciniata 
aut  fimbriata  \  and  ^Primttla  veris flore  viridi  umbellifera  \  At  that 
time,  c.  1604-5,  Coys  had  in  his  garden : 

Allium  silvestre  perpusillum,  luncifolium  moschatum.  Rec.  from  D.  Leister  ^ 

from  Montpelier. 
Bellis  spinosa  elatior  et  fructicosior  Herbariorum. 
Colchicum  minimum  tenuifolium  Gallaecium. 
Crocus  syl.  Byzantinus  serotinus  candidus. 
Frittillaria  nigra,  Pyrenaea.  1605. 
Gladiolus  minimus,    flowered  in  May. 

Narcissus  Cyprius  luteus  polyanthes,  flore  pleno.    Dec.  1604, 

Introduced  by  Lete^  from  Cyprus. 
Parvulus  Hyacinthus  stellaris  vernus.    April  1605. 

Received  from  George  le  Seigneur. 
Yuca  gloriosa.    July  1604. 

The  English  names  in  italics,  taken  from  Gerard,  are  given  in 
the  case  of  those  plants  which  can  be  identi-fied  as  having  been 
included  in  Gerard's  garden  list  of  1599.  The  plants  without 
English  names,  were  presumably  not  cultivated  by  Gerard.  The 
difficult  task  of  the  determination  of  the  greater  number  of  the 
species  was  undertaken  by  Dr.  Daydon  Jackson  who  in  the  most 
friendly  way  gave  up  a  part  of  his  Christmas  holiday  to  the  work. 

^  Lobel,  Stirpiian  adversaria  Jtova,  altera  pars.    Lond.  1605. 

2  Perhaps  Dr.  Edward  Lister,  c.  1556-1620.  Physician  to  Queen  Elizabeth. 

^  Nicholas  Lete  a  London  merchant  'greatly  in  love  with  rare  and  faire 
flowers '  traded  in  the  Levant.  In  the  Bodleian  Library  there  is  an  Account 
of  his,  dated  1601-3,  to  Richard  Sandy  for  £7.0  worth  of  drugs,  including 
Salsaperiglia,  Sassafras,  Rebarbe,  Licoris,  and  Agarick.  There  are  notes  on 
the  ailments  of  himself  and  his  family  in  the  same  book.  One  of  the  symptoms 
of  his  malady,  recorded  by  his  astrologer-physician,  was  that  '  he  picketh  his 
nose  '.    He  died  '  about  a  quarter  of  a  year  after  *.    MS.  Ashm.  181,  f.  66  b. 


COYS 


317 


Mr,  Coys  his  Garden.    24  &  25  of  March  i6i6-i6jy. 


Thymbra  Boelii. 
Cymbalaria  italica. 
Cochlearia  mi. 
Chamaelia  tricoccos. 
Cistus  foe. 

ledon. 
„  mas. 
Lamium  2  Clus. 
Alaternus. 

Cytisus  maior  semp.  virens. 
Arbor  Judae  cum  flo. 
Chamaedris  laciniatis  fol. 
Eryngium  Alpinum. 
Echium  flo.  rubro. 
„  angustifol. 

omnium  maximum. 
Scrophularia  lusitanica. 
Heliotropium  indicum. 
Jacea  capitulis  hirsutis. 

„  „      albo  flore. 

„     repens  luteo  flo. 
Caput  monacorum. 
Melilot  German  alb.  flo. 

„  Italica. 
Gratiola. 


T^e  herbe  Mas  tic  ke.    Thynms  Mastichina  L. 

\Linaria  Cymbalaria  MilL\ 
Cochlearia  danica  L. 
Widow  waile.    Cneoriun  tricoccos  L, 
Female  Holly  Rose.    Cistus  salvifolius  L. 

Cistus  ladaniferus  L. 
Male  Holly  Rose.    Cistus  parvijlorus  Lain, 
Scrophularia  vej-nalis  L. 
Rharmius  Alatermcs  L. 
Cytisus  canariensis  Steud, 
ludas  tree.    Cercis  Siliquastrum  L. 
Jagged  Germander.    Teucritim  Botrys  L. 

Eryngium  alpinum  L. 
Echium  violaceum  L. 
Echitan  creticum  L, 
Echium  australe  Lain.  ? 
Scrophularia  frutescens  L.  f 
Helianthus  tuberosics  L, 
?  Centaur ea  nevadensis  B.  d^*  R, 
Centaurea  scabiosa  L. 
Great  Knapweed.    Centaurea  so  1st iti alls  L, 
Cnicus  eriophorus  Roth. 
Germain  Claver.    Melilotus  L* 
Ltalian  Claver,    M.  italica  Lam. 


?  Hedge  Hyssope.    Gratiola  officinalis  L, 
Hieratium  indicum  belgicum  an  Pylosella  Syriaca. 

Sweete  wilde  Horehound.    Sideritis  syriaca  L.  ? 
Galeopsis  Clus.  Hungarie  Dead  Nettle.    Lamium  Orvala  Z. 


„       flo.  rubeo  Clus. 
Cattaria  media. 
Cynoglossum  boeoticum. 
Scorzonera  latifolia.  E.R. 

„  angustifolia. 
Valeriana  flo.  albo. 
Salvia  indica. 

Tithymalus  characias  monsp. 

„  serratus. 
Sesamoides  argentea. 
Teucrium  arborescens. 
Stoebe  Sarmantica  altera. 


Lamium  var.  ? 
Nepeta  Cataria  L.  ? 
CynoglossuDi  pictmii  Ait.  ? 
Vipers  grasse,    Scorzonera  hispanica  Z. 

Scorzonera  angustifolia  L. 
Centranthus  ruber  DC.  var. 
Indian  white  Sage.    Salvia  officinalis  L, 
Spurge.    Euphorbia  Characias  L. 

[Etiphorbia  serrata  L.\ 
Astrocarpus  Clusii f.  Gay? 
Tree  Germander.    Veronica  Teucrium  L. 


Great  Silver  Knapweede. 
Centaurea  salmantica  L.,  vel  C.  splendens  L, 
Cnicus  alter  Clusii.  Carduncellus  caeruleus  Less, 

Jacea  palustris  lusitanica.  n.  d[escriptum].^ 

Centaurea  Seridis  3  maritima  Lange  ? 
Phaleris  bulbosa.  Phalaris  bulbosa  L. 

Beros  ex  Hispa.  g.  Barbarae  spec.  Barbarea  praecox  R.  Br.  ? 

Cirsium  maius.         Cnicus  dissecttis  Willd.,  vel  Cn.  heterophyllus  Roth. 

Dr.  Jackson  considers  that  this  must  be  the  'Jacea  marina'  of  Parkinson. 


3i8 


GARDEN  LISTS 


Matricaria  grata  odore.  Sweete  Feverfew.  Pyrethruvi  Partheniufn  Sm. 
Hieratium  Baeticum.  Cjiicus  Acarna  L, 

Telephium  legittimum  Imperati.  Telephhun  hnperati  L. 

Petroselinum  virginian.^  Selinum.  Conioselinuni  canadefise  Torr.  Gray  f 
Anthyllis  valentina,  vel  Herniaria  Boelii.  Frankenia  hirsuta  L, 

Aconitum  luteum  ponticum.  Yellow  Wolfes  bane. 

Aconitum  Lycoctonum  L. 
flo:  Delphinii.  Larkesheele  Wol/esbane.  Delphiniii7?i  elatU77i  L. 
Nepitella  vel  Cattaria  minima.  Nepeta  Cataria  Z.,  vel  ^V.  Nepetella  Koch, 
Cattaria  tuberosa.  Nepeta  tuberosa  L. 

Daucus  cretensis.  Candle  Carols.    AlkaTnanta  cretensis  L. 

Gramen  plumosum.  Calatnogroslls  Epigeios  Roth,  vel  Stipa  pennata  L. 
Branca  ursina.  Garden  Beares  breech.    Acanthus  mollis  L. 

Acanthus  silv.  acculeatus.  [Acanthus  splnosus  Z..] 

Scolymus  Theo.  Golden  Thistle.    Scolymus  hlspanicus  L. 

Pimpinella  agrimoniaefolio.  Poterlmn  hybridum  L. 

Primula  veris  minima.  Primula  minijna  L.f 

Smyrnium  creticum.  Alisanders  of  Candle. 

Smyrnlum  rotundifolmm  Mill. 
Hedysarum  clipeatum.  B tickler  Hatchet  Vetch. 

Hedysarum  coronarhmi  L. 
Rha  Ponticum  verum.^  Rheum  rhaponticum  L. 

„  Helenii  folio.  Centattrea  Rhaponticum  L. 

Abrotanum  foam.  Female  Southernwood.  Arteinisia  arborescens  L. 
Buglossum  scorpioides.  Echium  vulgare  L.  ? 

Hipposeii[n]um  marittim.    Quick.^  Sfnyrnium  Olusatrum  L. 

Valeriana  petraea.  Valeriana  tripteris  L. 

Buphthalmum  i  Mathioli.  Anthefnis  tinctoria  L. 

Foeniculum  silv.  lusitanicum.  Foeniculum  piperiium  DC.  f 

Lychnis  vectensis.  Silene  ??iaritima  L.  ? 

Mentastrum  montanum.  Nepeta  nuda  L. 

Alsine  major  baccifera.  Creeping  Chick7veede.  Cucubalus  baccifer  I.. 
Bell  is  spinosa.  Chrysanthemum  flosculosum  L. 

Viola  mariana.  Marian  Violet^  or  Coventrie  Bels. 

Campanula  medium  L. 


^  There  is  no  '  Petroselinum '  in  the  flora  of  U.S.A. 

-  '  Found  wilde  in  some  of  the  lies  about  our  own  land  by  Mr.  William  Quicke, 
a  worthy  Apothecarie  in  his  time,  who  gave  me  and  Mr.  William  Cois  a  famous 
gentleman,  and  a  great  lover  of  plants,  some  of  the  seede,  supposing  it  to  be 
differing  from  the  common  sort,  but  after  they  were  growen  up,  we  all  saw 
there  was  no  diversitie.'    Parkinson,  Theatrum,  p.  930. 

^  Perhaps  the  first  dated  mention  of  Rhubarb  in  an  English  Garden. 
Parkinson,  1  heatj-um,  p.  157,  narrates  how  it  was  brought  from  Thrace  to 
Prosper  Alpinus  at  Padua,  from  whence  some  Apothecaries  in  Venice  had  it; 
and  Master  Doctor  Matthew  Lister,  being  in  Venice,  obtained  3  or  4  seeds, 
which  he  sent  to  Parkinson  who  flattered  himself  that  he  was  the  first  to  grow 
the  plant  in  England.  His  plants  seeded  within  two  or  three  years  and  he  was 
able  to  furnish  'many  other  his  friends,  as  well  in  England  as  beyond  Sea': 
Coys  may  have  been  among  the  number. 


COYS  1616-17 


3^9 


Myagrum  thlaspi  facie.  Erysimum  cheiranthoides  L. 

Oenanthe  apii  folio.  Oenanthe  pimpinelloides  L, 

„       &  cicutae  folio.      Hemlocke  Dropwoort.    Oe?ianthe  crocata  L. 
Hysopus  flo.  albo.  White  fiowred  Hyssope . 

Hyssopus  officinalis  L.  var. 
Millefo  ium  odoratum.  Achillea  odorata  L. 

Carduus  Aspho.  radice  monsp.  Cnicus  pratensis  Willd.? 

Trachelium  gyganteum.  Giants  Throatewort.    C.  latifolia  L. 

Herba  Doria.  Captain  Doreas  Woutidivoort.    Senecio  Doria  L. 

„  „  altera  Virg.  [aurea  ?].  Golden  rod.  Solidago  Virgaurea  L.  ? 
Absinthe  insipida.  Unsavorie  Wormwood.  Artemisia  inodora  Mill. 
Oxalis  franca.  Round-leafed  Sorrell.    Rumex  scutatus  L. 

Selicio  Italorum.  Sea  cabbage  rom.  Brassica  oleracea,wz.Y.sabellica  DC. 
Chondrus  dens  leonis  . . .  lob.  [writing  indistinct].  Leontodon  tuberosus LJ 
Chamaemelum  albo  duplo.  flo.  Double  Cammomill. 

Anthejnis  no  bills  L.Jl.  pleno. 
Betonica  maior  Danica.  Betonie.    Stachys  Betonica  Benth. 

„  „     albo  flore.  ."^  Stachys  Betonica,  Benth.  var. 

Colus  lovis.  Jupiter's  Distaffe.    Salvia  ghctinosa  L. 

Heptaphillon  maius.  Alcheinilla  alpina  L.  ? 

Levisticum  verum  Gerrar.    Siler  mont.  Lob.     True  Lovage. 

Laserpitium  Siler  L. 
Geran.  haematodes  rubro  flore  Clus.         Storks  bill. 

Geraniu7n  sanguineum  L. 
Clematis  surrecta  Pan.  Clus.  Ladies  Bowre.    Clematis  Viticella  L. 

Libanotis.  Herbe  Franc kincense.    Seseli  Libanoiis  Koch. 

Seseli.  Spanish  Toothpikes.    Amini  Visnaga  Lain. 

Mentha  Romana.  ^Mentha  spicata  L.] 

Ranu[nculus]  globosus.      Globe  Crowfoote  or  Locker  gowlons. 

Trollius  europaeus  L. 
Anemone  nemorum  albo  pleno  flo.    Double  Wild  White  Wind/lower. 

Aneinone  nemorosa  L.  var. 
Crassularia  maior  Hispanica.  Great  Orpin.  Sedum  Telephium  L.  ? 
Ptarmica  imperati.  Xeranthe77iui7i  aiinuum  L. 

Arisarum  latifol.  Broad  leafed  Friers  Hood.  Arisaru77i  vulgar e  Targ^ 
Lactuca  virgiana.  Lactuca  canadeiisis  L.  ? 

Hypecoum  Clusii  luteo  flore.  Horned  wilde  Cu77iin. 

Hypecou77i  procu77ibens  L.  ? 
Rosa  sine  spinis.  Rosa  alpina  Z. 

„    semper  virens.  Rosa  se7npervirens  L. 

Hepatica  coerulea  mult.  Blew  Liuerwoo7ts. 

Hepatica  triloba  Chaix.  var. 
N    Asphodelus  bulbosus  maior.  t  Bulbous  A sphodill. 

Or7iithogalu77i  pyrenaicum  L, 
Rhamnus  Clusii.  Rha77inus  Alaternus  L. 

Cyclamen  Rom.     )  Cycla7nen  europaeu7n  L. 

„        hederac.  j  Sowb7'ead  with  leaues  like  luie. 

Cycla77ien  hederifolitmi  Willd. 
Flos  Adonis.  Ado7iis  flower.    Ado7iis  autU77inalis  L. 

[Melilotus  Italica  {erased).'] 


320 


GARDEN  LISTS 


Pulmonaria  maculata. 

non  maculata. 
Scabiosa  montana. 
Cerinthe  flo:  rubro. 
Abies  vel  Biota. 
Halymus  surrect.  Clusii. 
Periclymenum  rectum. 
Eruca  maior  flo.  albo. 
Laburnum. 
Papaver  spinosum. 
Hyosciamus  albus. 
Lysimachia  flo.  coeruleo. 
Amomum  Plinij. 
Nux  vesicaria. 


Cowslips  of  Jerusalem. 

Pulmonaria  officinalis  L. 
Scabiosa  sylvatica  L, 


Bastard  Sea  Purslane. 

Honisitckle. 


?  Ceriftthe  inajor  L. 
Picea  excelsa  Link. 
A  trip  lex  Haliinus  L. 
Lonicera  alpigeiia  L, 
Eruca  sativa  Mill, 
Laburnum  anagyroides  Medic. 
Argemone  mexicana  L. 
White  He7ibane.    Hyoscyamus  albus  Z. 
Blew  Willow  herbe.     Vei'onica  spicata  L. 
Bastard  Ginnie  Pepper.    Solanum  pseudo-capsicum  L. 

Bladder  mtt  tree.    Staphylea  pin?tata  L. 


Silybum  minus  flore  nutajite  (hanginge  downwards).    Carduus  lacteus. 

=  Silybujn  ebuj-neum  Coss.  &^  Dur.  ? 

The  lists  next  following  are  written  on  the  same  sheet  of  paper, 
though  not  under  the  same  heading,  so  we  cannot  tell  for  certain 
whether  the  plants  mentioned  were  cultivated  by  Coys  or  not. 

g.^  Aster  atticus.  Some  of  them  are  like  to  Hieracium^  nomentionof  Milk  392. 

Blew  Starzuoort.    Aster  Afnellus  L. 
2,  3.  have  milk  in  y®  roots,  whether  all  have  or  no. 

Inula  crithmoides  L.  f  var. 
Great  Spanish  Orpin.    Sedtim  Telephium  L.  ? 

Bishops  weede.    Ammi  inajus  L. 
Amaranihus  Blitum  L.  vel  A.  sylvest?'is  Desf. 

Argemone  mexicana  L.  f 
Purple  Passeflower.    Aneinone  Pulsatilla  L. 

Golden  rod.    Solidago  Virgaurea  L. 
Parsley  piert.    Alchemilla  arve?isis  Scop. 
Jtipiter's  Distaff e.    Salvia  glutinosa  L. 
Winter  Cresses.    Barbarea  vulgai'is  R.  Br. 

Lpomoea  pandurata  Mey.  ? 


Hieracium  atticus,''  i. 

Rapuntium. 
Ammi  vulgare. 
Blitum. 

Argemone.  300. 
Pulsatilla.  304. 
Virga  aurea.  348. 
Perchepier.  453. 
Colus  Jovis.  627. 
Barbarea.  188. 
Battata  virginiana. 


True  Pellitorie  of  Spaine. 


Pyrethrum. 
Eriophorus. 
Stramonium  peregri  et  Spinosum. 

\S .  peregrimim  =  Smooth  Thorn  apples.  Datura  Mete  I  L.] 


Anacyclus  Pyrethrum  DC. 
Andryale  ifttegrifolia  L. 


[Lis I  of  Virginian  Plants^ 

Prunus  Virginianus,  Diospyi'os  virginiana  L. 

Passiflora  incarnata  L. 
Zephyranthus  Atamasco  Herb. 


Pishimon. 
Maracocc. 
Attamusco  bulbus. 
Mosarus  (?). 

Aquascomense  inter  asterem  et  iaceam.       {Some  Composite.) 

*  g.  probably  added  by  Goodyer  to  indicate  plants  described  in  Gerard's 
Herbal. 

^  Dr.  J.  notes  that  the  false  concord  suggests  that  Goodyer  must  have  written 
'  Hieracium  '  in  place  of  '  Aster  '  from  its  yellow,  not  purple,  flowers. 


COYS  1621-2 


321 


anapcor  (?).  Pepo. 
Cerastus  virginianus.* 
Vitis  virginiana. 
Periploca. 

Sumac  Anonymos  virginianum. 
Solaniim  virginianum. 


Cucurbita  Pepo  L,  ? 
Prunus  virginiana  L.  ? 
Vitis  Labrusca  L. 
Gonolobus  suberosus  R.  Br.  f 
Rhus  typhina  L. 
Solaniim  carolinense  L.  ? 

Alopecuros  altera  maxima  Anglica  paludosa.  469. 

Polypogon  monspeliensis  Desf. 
Beane.    47 1 .  Vicia  faba  L.  ? 

Pabulus  Hyacinthus  stellatus  vernus.    486.        Starrie  lacint. 

Scilla  bifolia  L.  ? 
Italian  Daffodil.    Narcissus  Tazzetta  L.  f 
496.  Fritillaria  pyrenaica  L. 

Chrysanthemum  flosculosum  L. 

Yucca  aloifolia  L. 
Yucca  gloriosa  L. 
Gladiolus  imbricatus  L. 
[MS.  ff.  24  V,  25. 


Nar.  Cyprius.  49. 
Frittillaria  nigra  Pyrenea. 
Bellis  spinosa.  508. 
T//acori  Clu.  48. 
Jucca. 

Gladiolus  minimus.  511. 


William  Coys'  Second  and  Third  Garden  Lists. 

Later  lists  in  Goodyer's  handwriting,  dated  1621,  1632,  probably 
include  many  of  Coys'  plants  described  by  Goodyer  either  at 
Stubbers,  or  when  they  flowered  in  his  garden  at  Droxford. 

Yet  another  list  of  Coys'  plants  is  contained  in  a  comprehensive 
list  of  garden  plants  known  to  Goodyer,  which  we  have  printed  in 
the  form  of  an  index.  Coys*  plants  are  marked  with  the  letter  C. 
324  names  are  so  marked.    See  p.  387. 

In  the  1622  list,  plants  already  included  in  the  162 1  list  are 
omitted,  but  are  marked  with  an  asterisk  in  the  1621  list. 

1621.  1622. 
Acarna  flo:  rubro. 
Aethiopis. 

Alsine  maior  baccifera.  Antirrhinum. 

Arum  quorundam. 
*Aracus  maior  Boet. 

Argemone  Pavio. 
*Asperula  flo:  coeruleo. 
*Astragalus  marinus  Lusit. 

Astrantia  nigra. 

Atractilis  flo:  luteo. 

Behen  rubrum  monspel. 
Beros  ex  Hyspania. 
Beta  marina. 
„  alba. 

„    rubra.  Beta  Candida  et  rubra. 

Blattaria  flo:  albo  et  luteo.  Borago  sempervirens. 

^  Cerastus,  probably  =  Cerasus. 


GARDEN  LISTS 


1621, 

Blitum  spinosum  Creticum. 
Brassica  monospermos. 


1622. 

Botrys. 

Brassica  multifida. 


Caltha  silvestr.  Baet. 

Capons  taile  gras. 

Caput  monachorum. 

Carduus  globosus. 

Cerefolium  vulgare. 
*Cerinthe  flo.  rubro. 
*Christophoriana. 

Chrysanthemum  inscript.  Baeticum. 


Calami  ntha  mont  praestantior. 


Caucalis  maior  Baet. 
Centaurea  ma  us. 


creticum  flo:  luteo. 
tenuifolium  Baet. 


*Cicer  rubrum. 

Cicutaria  marina. 

Clymenum  Matthioli.  Lathyrus. 
*Cochlearia  Batavorum. 


Consolida  regalis. 


Convolvulus  coerul.  minor  Baet. 
Conyza  odorata. 
Cucumer  agrestis. 
Cyanus  varius. 
„     flo.  albo. 

Delphinium  elatius  variorum  colorum. 

Etrioselinum. 

*Eringium  Alpinum  flo.  albo.  Eringium  Alpinum  flo.  coeruleo. 

Ervilia. 

Faba  veterum. 

„    foliis  serratis. 
Flos  Adonis. 

Flos  Africanus  maior  multiplex. 
*Foenum  graecum. 

Geranii  Baet.  spes. 
*  Geranium  Creticum. 
Gramen  cristatum  Baet. 


lupuli  glumis. 


*Heptaphyllon  maius. 
Herba  Doria  Narbonensis. 
Hieratium  stellatum. 


Hedysarum  clypeatum. 


falcatum. 
intibaceum. 


Hippolapathum  rotundifol. 
Hordeum  nudum. 
Hyosciamus  luteus.  Nicotiana. 
Hypecoum  Clusii. 

Lagopus  flo.  ruberrimo. 

Lamium  2"^  Pannonicum  exoticum  Clus. 


Holyhock. 

Hormium  flo.  coeruleo. 
Hyssopus  flo.  albo. 


GOODYER 


1621. 

Lapathum    sativum  Rhabarbarum 

monachorum. 
Linaria  minor  aestiva. 
Lathyrus  Dumetorum  Baet. 

„       flo.  miniato. 

„       palustris  Lusit. 

„       edulis  Baet  flo.  albo. 

„       Baet.  flo.  coeruleo. 

„       aestivus  flo.  luteo. 
Legumen  pallidum,  vlissiponensis. 
Lens  maior. 

*  „  minor. 
Lychnidis  Baet.  spes. 
Lychnis  Calcedonica  flo:  carneo. 

J,  „         flo.  rubro. 

Lychnis  coronaria  flo:  suaverubente, 

„  „       flo.  rubro. 

*Lysimachia  virginiana. 

*  „        flo:  coeruleo. 

*Malva  flo.  ampio  Baet.  aestiva. 

Medica  maxima  spinosa  spes. 
*Medica  maioris  Baet.  spes  prima. 

*  „  „     spes  altera. 
Medica  Anglica  minor. 
Medica  maior  pericarpio  piano. 

*Melilotus  Italica. 

*  Indiae  orientalis. 

*  „  Germanica. 

*  „       officinarum  flo.  luteo. 
*Melissa  Turcica. 

Mill  mountaine. 
Myagrum  monospermon. 

*  Thlaspi  facie. 

Napellus  vulgaris. 
Nasturtium  hortorum  vulgare. 
„  crispum. 

Oenanthe  angustifolia. 
Orobus  hebariorum  receptus. 

Panax  heracleum  alterum. 
*Panicum. 

Papaver  multiplex  variorum  colorum. 

Rhoeas  Baet. 
*Perfoliata. 
Petroselinum  virginianum. 
Petum  Indicum  foho  pene  obtuso. 
*Phalaris  maior. 

„      minor  Baet.  semine  nigro. 
Phu  minus. 


1622. 


Millium  nigrum. 
Millefolium  odoratum. 

Myrrhis. 

Good  neighbourhood. 
Nigella  Damascena. 


Papaver  cornutum  flo:  rubro. 


Phalaris  Baet. 


Y  2 


3^4 


GARDEN  LISTS 


1621. 

Pisum  maculatum. 
,,  quadratum. 
*Pomum  spinosum  flo.  albo. 
*Psillium. 

*Ptarmica  Imperati. 

Raphanus  hortensis  radice  albo  toto, 
„  niger 
*Rubia  spicata. 

Scabiosa  montana  maior  flo.  luteo. 
Scorpioides  Bupleuri  folio. 

„  siliqua  crassa. 

„  Matthioli. 
Scorsonera  latifolia. 
*Securidica  maior. 


1622. 

Pimpinella  Agrimoniae  foliis. 


Sanicula  guttata. 


Silibum  minus  flo.  nutante. 
Sinapi  sativum  alterum. 
*Solidago  Saracenica. 
Sonchus  Africanus  Boelio. 

Tanacetum  inodorum. 
*Thlaspi  Drabae  folio. 
Trifolium  odoratum. 
Vaccaria. 

Valeriana  graeca  flo.  coeruleo. 
*       „  mexicana. 

Verbascum  4*^^"^  Matthioli. 
*Vicia  Indica  fructu  albo. 

Vrtica  Romana.  136. 


Smyrnium  Creticum, 

Stachys  genuina  Gerardo. 
Spina  solsticialis. 

Redd  storks  bill. 
Tanacetum  incipidum. 
Trachelium  flo.  coeruleo  et  albo. 
Tragopogon  foliis  laciniatis. 

„        flo:  purpureo. 
Viola  Mariana. 

Lobi  a  Dn6  Zouch.^ 

1621  —  136 

1622  —  70 

206 

Sent  23  sheets  wherein  are  103  descriptions. 


*  Edward  Lord  Zouch  had  a  fine  Physic  garden  at  Hackney,  of  which 
Lobel  had  charge.  He  had  travelled  abroad  and  introduced  to  English  gardens 
the  Thorn  Apple  from  Constantinople,  the  'Small  Candie  Mustard'  {Iberis 
umbellata  L.)  which  grew  in  '  Austria,  Candy,  Spain,  and  Italy,  in  untoiled 
places  and  by  high  waie  sides and  the  Great  Honie  woort  {Cerinthe  major  L.) 
(Gerard,  Herbal,  pp.  207,  277,  431).  Lobel  tells  us  that  his  plants  included 
'  Sedum  Norvegicum  minus',  '  Linaria  lutea  minima  altera',  '  Betonica  Danica 
maxima',  '  Phaseolus  .  .  .  Indicus ',  and  that  in  1605  he  had  a  '  new  Physic 
Garden '  in  which  (presumably)  he  grew  '  Hyacinthus  stellaris  Bizantinus  alter 
elegantissimus  serotinus  bullatus  '  from  Constantinople,  '  Moly  luteum  Botani- 
corum,  fl.  1604'  and  'Pancratium  Indicum  alterum  vernum,  fl.  1605',  Lobel, 
Adv,  altera  pars. y  pp.  467,  486,  502. 


GOODYER 


3^5 


Seeds  rec.froin  Mr.  Coys  22  Marcii  1622. 
The  greater  aples  of  love. 
Smaller  aples  of  love, 
blevve  sommer  byndweed. 
Rose  Columbines. 
White  rose  Columbines. 
Partie  cullered  Columbines. 
Duble  redde  Columbines, 
flov^^er  gentle, 
fether  grasse. 
greate  Larkes  peeles. 
the  lesser  duble  french  marigolds, 
the  greater  duble  french  marigolds. 
Duble  nigella. 
Spanish  Nigella. 
Duble  Pansyes. 
The  marvells  of  Peru. 
The  square  pease. 
Crimson  Scabious, 
flowers  of  y*^  sun  wth  white  seed. 

wth  black  seed. 
Trefoyle  wth  a  crimsen  bush.^ 
Balme  tyme. 

In  toto  22. 

This  seed  list  being  in  Goodyer's  handwriting  probably  relates  to 
seeds  sown  by  him  at  Droxford. 

vii.    The  Franquevilles'  Garden,  1605,  161 7. 

The  List  of  Plants  seen  in  Franquevilles  garden  is  very  short. 
It  does  not  even  include  the  Jerusalem  Artichoke,  in  connexion 
with  which  his  name  will  always  be  famous,  for  he  supplied  the 
original  two  roots  to  Goodyer  in  1617.  It  is  possible  that  he  had 
no  very  great  collection  of  novelties  at  the  time  of  Goodyer's  visit. 

There  were  two  John  de  Franquevilles,  senior  and  junior,  and 
it  is  now  impossible  to  distinguish  their  respective  horticultural 
successes.  Both  were  described  by  Lobel  in  1605  as  '  mercatores 
Cameracenses or  merchants  of  Cambrai,  and  their  trading  was 
evidently  with  France  and  the  eastern  Mediterranean. 

Franqueville's  Plants  noticed  by  Lobel  c.  1600-4. 

Acorus  indicus  aromaticus  from  Th.  Warner  from  the  W^est  Indies. 
Colchicum  polyanthes.  sive  multiflorum.  Collected  by  J.  Franqueville  in  Cambrai 

— a  mile  from  *  Niervi '. 
Colchicum  polyanthes  candidum  eleganti  rubore  varium. 
Corona  polyphyllos  sive  foliosa. 


326 


FRANQUEVILLE 


Crocus  luteus.    3  vars. 
Gladiolus  minimus.  May. 

„       flore  albo.    From  J.  Robin  in  1601 
Hyacinthus  minimus  serotinus  elegans. 

„  stellatus  Byzantinus  v.  exoticus  Someri. 
Iris  bulbosa  alba. 

Lilium  Corona  platicaulos,  sive  laticaulis.  1600. 

Lilium  montanum  luteum.    3  vars. 

Lilium  sylvestre — Martagon  imperiale. 

Moly  luteum  botanicorum.    Pyrenees.  1604. 

Narcissi  toti  lutei  praecocis  Septentrionalium. 

„      floris  lutei  multiplicis  varietates. 
Narcissus  Cyprius  luteus  polyanthes  fl.  pleno. 
Ranunculus  tripolitanus. 


20  Marcii  i6iy  in  Franqzievils. 
[g.  =  In  Gerard's  Garden  List.l 
Agnus  castus.  Vitex  Agnus  Castus  L 

hellebo  alb.  ver.  flo.  rubente.    {See  below). 
g.    Clem[atis  coerulea  surrecta]  Pan[nonica  Clusii].    Bitsh  Ladies  Bouure. 

Clematis  integrifolia  L. 

Mart[agon]  alb.  flo. 

Phalan[gium]  AUobrogicum.  Anthericum  Liliastrum  L. 

Leucoium  magnum. 
Hy[acinthus]  lilij  bulbus. 

Jesi  luteum  seu  Trifolium  fruticans.         Yellow  Jas?mne. 

Jasminum fruticans  L. 

g.    Anagyris.  Beane  Trefoile.    Anagyris  foetida  L. 

Rhuum  (?)  plantaginis  foliis  albo  fl. 
g.    Tulipa  pumila.  Tulipa  sp. 

g.    Pseudo-nar[cissus]  ampl.  calice.  Daffodill,  Narcissus. 

g,    Lilium  conval[lium]  flore  rubente.       May  Lillie  with  red  flowers. 

Convallaria  majalis  L.  var. 
g.    Lotus  arbor.  Nettle  Tree.    Celiis  australis  L. 

[Cf-  p.  339.] 

Cerasus  pumilus.  Prunus  cerastts  pumila  L. 

Seseli  Peloponense  alter, 
g.    Condrilla  coeruleo  flore.  Sowthistle  with  blew  fiowers. 

Laciuca  perennis  L. 

Mentha  Danica.  Mint.    Mentha  sp. 

g.    Ribes  .  .  .  ruber.  Red  Corrans.    Ribes  rubrum  L. 

[MS.  f.  25  V. 

Of  the  8  plant-names  marked  F  in  Goodyer's  List  of  Plants  (1620?), 
the  following  are  not  included  above. 

g.  Chamaecerasus.  Dwarf e  Cherrie  Tree.  Lonicera  alpigena  Z. 
g.    Helleborus  albus  flo.  dp.  atrorubente.      White  Hellebore  with  flowers  of 

a  dark  red  colotir.    Veratrwn  7tigrum  L. 

Laurocerasus  Clusii. 


PARKINSON  AND  GOODYER 


viii.  John  Parkinson's  Garden  List,  c.  1620. 
There  is  no  separate  list  of  Parkinson's  plants  that  is  identifiable, 
but  there  are  convincing  reasons  for  the  belief  that  Goodyer,  in  his 
comprehensive  list  of  Garden  Plants,  p.  387,  marked  those  which  he 
knew  to  be  growing  in  Parkinson's  garden,  or  which  he  had  obtained 
from  Parkinson,  with  a  capital  P.    250  plants  are  so  marked. 


ix.   John  Goodyer's  Garden  Lists. 

None  of  the  many  separate  lists  of  garden  plants  preserved 
among  the  Goodyer  papers  can  be  indubitably  produced  as  that 
of  his  own  garden  at  Droxford  or  at  Petersfield.  The  long  list  in 
his  handwriting  which  we  print  as  an  index  includes  names  of  many 
plants  known  to  him,  and  not  grown  either  by  Coys  or  Parkinson, 
but  we  cannot  be  sure  that  he  grew  them  himself.  And  the  same 
criticism  applies  to  several  short  lists  of  plants  in  his  handwriting 
to  which  neither  date  nor  locality  is  attached.  Such  are  the  lists 
on  MS.  II,  ff.  23,  26,  27,  28,  45,  83. 

The  following  short  list  on  f.  28  certainly  seems  to  refer  to  his 
own  plants. 

my  Cameline  similis  is  Leucoium  sylvestre  Clusii. 

my  Sium  agrorum  is  Petroselinum  macedonicum  parvo  semine. 

Esula  rotunda.  Pomum  spinosum  flo.  albo. 

Drabis.  Phyteuma  mons. 

Thysselinum.  Buphthalmum,  it  came  for  Millefolium 

Stoebe.  rubrum. 
Oenanthe  angustifolia.  Pseudodictamnus. 

&  altera.  Cochlearia  minima. 

Digitalis  ferruginia.  Galega. 

minor  flo.  luteo,  seed.  Helleborus  niger. 

Acanthus.  Scorzonera  by  Sorbus. 

Mercurialis.  Arbor  vitae. 

Herniaria.  Geranium  Romanum. 

Stachys.  Daucus  Hispanicus  like  wild  chervile. 

Trifolium  fruticans.  Tabaco. 
Blattaria  purp.  Carduus  globosus. 

Iris  Italorum.  Leucoium  melancholicum. 

[MS.  ff.  18,  28. 

And  the  list  of  95  names  dated  16  Januarii  1620  (MS.  11,  f.  83) 
has  every  appearance  of  being  a  list  of  the  more  interesting  plants  in 
some  private  garden,  with  references  to  the  pages  in  Gerard  where 
they  are  described.    This  list  includes  '  Trinidado  Tabacco 

More  probability  attaches  to  two  lists  of  plants  dated  1621  and 
1622  and  ending  with  a  list  of  seeds  obtained  from  William  Coys 
in  the  latter  year.  We  believe  that  these,  or  a  fair  proportion  of 
them,  flowered  in  Goodyer's  garden  at  Droxford,  and  were  described 
by  him  then  and  there. 


328 


TRADESCANT 


X.  The  Garden  Lists  of  John  Tradescant,  the  Elder, 

d.  1638. 

The  Garden  of  Lord  Salisbury  at  Hatfield^  161 1. 
In  1 611  Tradescant  was  in  the  service  of  Lord  Salisbury,  who 
had  planted  an  extensive  vineyard  at  Hatfield  on  a  property  which 
had  been  given  to  him  in  exchange  for  Theobalds  by  James  I  in 
1607.  The  site  was  on  the  north  side  of  the  River  Lea,  on  a  piece 
of  ground  sloping  to  the  south,  hedged  in  with  privet  and  sweet  briar. 
The  vineyard  had  been  stocked  with  some  30,000  vines  sent  by 
Mme.  de  la  Broderie,  wife  of  the  French  ambassador,  500  vines 
from  the  Queen  of  France,  and  the  few  Muscats  mentioned  below. 
In  the  winter  of  161 1  Cecil  commissioned  Tradescant  to  plant  his 
garden  with  a  selection  of  good  fruit  trees  and  flowers  then  in 
cultivation  by  the  best  Dutch  and  French  growers.  The  original 
bills,  still  preserved  at  Hatfield,  contain  several  items  of  horti- 
cultural interest. 

John  Tradescant  his  bill  for  Routes  flowers^  seedes,  trees  and 

plants  by  him  bought  for  my  Lo:  [the  first  Earl  of  Salisbury\} 

J  and  /  January^  161 1. 

Roots  of  flowers,  of  Roases  and  shrubs  of  Strang  and  rare  bought  at  Leyden 
in  Holland  ^3    o  o. 

Number,       Price.       Tot  ah 

£    s.  d. 

Anemones  (C.  Helin  of  Harlem)  5  o 

Aprycoke,  The  whit  i  dsl                  6  o 

(the  archedukes  gardener  called  Peere  Vyens)  10  2S.                 20  o 

Arbor  vita  trees  (C.  Helin)  2  6d.  10 
[Cherries] 

Rathe  ripe  cherry  trees  (C.  Helin)  32  4^.  680 

Archedukes  cherye  (prob.  of  Peere  Vyens)  12  \s.                 12  o 

Biggandres  (Robyns)  24  2s.  200 

Boores  cherye,  an  excedyng  greatt  cherye  (Harlem)  i  120 

Currants  Great  Blacke  (Harlem)  12  id.                  i  o 

,,       Great  red  (C.  Helin)  6  2d.  10 

[Cypress]  Sypris  trees  (?  Robyns)  2          ^  200  is.            10    o  o 

Echatega,  double  (John  Jokkat) 

Frittelarias  (C.  Helin)  40  ^d.                10  o 

Fyg  trees,  Whit  (Robyns)  2  2s.  40 

Genista  hispayca  (Parrys)  2  o 
Gilliflowers,  Bubble  whit  stok  )         ,  n 
Other                 I  (?  Robyns) 

Irys  calsedonye  John  Jokkat^ 

„    susyana  „ 
Martygon  pompone  blanche 

pompong  orang  coller 
Medlar,  Great  M.  of  Naples  (Brussels) 

*  Abstracted  from  the  History  of  Gardenings  1895,  by  the  Hon.  Alicia  Amherst 
to  whom  I  am  also  indebted  for  the  loan  of  the  portrait  blocks  of  Lobel  and 
Parkinson.    The  items  have  been  arranged  in  alphabetical  order. 

^  Tradescant's  son  introduced  the  American  Cypress  from  Virginia. 


I 

6^.' 

6 

10 

2S. 

20 

2 

6d. 

I 

32 

4J. 

6 

8 

12 

IS. 

12 

24 

2S. 

2 

0 

I 

1 2 

12 

id. 

6 

2d. 

I 

200 

IS. 

10 

0 

40 

Id. 

10 

2 

2S. 

4 

2 

3 

2 

0 

2 

2s.  6d. 

5 

Price, 

Total. 

d. 

•V- 

0 

0 

2S. 

I  14 

0 

2s.  6d. 

17 

6 

-  _  n  J 
2S.  oa. 

15 

0 

lOS. 

4  0 

0 

2S. 

8 

0 

6 

0 

3 

0 

6s. 

6 

0 

6d. 

8 

0 

4  0 

0 

4 

0 

EARL  OF  SALISBURY  329 

Number. 

Mulbery  (C.  Helin)  2 

„      ,  Blak  (?  Robyns)  17 

Myrtil  tre                                           (Parrys)  7 

Ollyander                                                „  6 

Orrang  trees  of  on  years  growthe  grafted       „  8 
[Peaches]  Alberge                (?  Robyns) 

„        Male  cotton  peach  „ 

The  Troye                ?  „  4 
Pomgranat  withe  many  other  small  trees  at  the  root  (Parrys) 

Quince,  Lion's                     (Brussels)  i 

Rath  ripe  Porlingall  i 

Rose,  Province  (C.  Helin)  16 

Tulips  (Harlem)  800 
Vines,  Muscat  (Master  Robyns) 

The  plants  were  purchased  in  France  and  Holland.  Cornellis  Helin  lived  at 
Haarlem.  '  Master  Robyns  '  was  Jean  Robin  (1550-1629),  a  famous  botanist  of 
Paris  and  first  curator  of  the  'Jardin  des  Plantes  ' :  several  of  his  introductions 
are  mentioned  by  Gerard  to  whom  he  sent  Apocynum  rectum  {Marsdenia 
erectd),  A.  repens  {Periploca  graeca),  Christophoriana  {Actaea  spicafa,  L.), 
Croats  hiteus,  Epimediiim  alpinu?n,  Tropaeolum  majus,  Lepidium  sativum^  L. 
van,  Geranium  lucidum^  L.,  Dattira  Metel^  L.  ;  '  peere  vyens  '  we  have  inter- 
preted as  the  name  of  the  Archduke's  gardener  ;  the  name  of  Vines  is  still 
remembered  in  connexion  with  the  Cambridge  School  of  Botany,  but  in 
Tradescant's  bill  it  may  denote  a  particular  kind  of  vine.  A  re-examination 
of  the  MS.  might  settle  the  question.  Of  Mr.  John  Jokkat  we  have  no  further 
information.  A  few  of  the  plants  grown  in  a  French  garden  of  the  period  are 
exquisitely  depicted  in  an  album  recently  exhibited  in  the  S.  Kensington 
Museum  for  its  beautiful  late  sixteenth-century  binding.  The  volume  contains 
the  name  de  Morogttes,  and  may  turn  out  to  be  a  horticultural  work  of  great 
interest.^    The  watermark  of  the  paper  is  French,  c.  1570. 

To  this  first  period  may  be  referred  the  interesting  collection  of 
coloured  drawings  of  fruit-trees,  popularly  known  as  '  Tradescant's 
Orchard',  now  in  the  Bodleian  Library  (MS.  Ashmole  1461).  It 
has  been  suggested  that  the  artist  was  the  Alex.  Marshall  mentioned 
in  Musaeiirn  TradescantianMm,  p.  41.  Among  the  names  of  the 
fruits,  written  by  some  person  who  was  evidently  quite  as  illiterate 
as  the  elder  Tradescant,  is  an  entry '  The  Amber  Plum  which  J.T. 
as  I  take  it  brought  out  of  France  and  groweth  at  Hatfeld This 
shows  that  the  writer  of  the  names  is  not  likely  to  have  been 
Tradescant  himself.  The  collection  of  trees  illustrated,  which  are 
arranged  in  the  order  of  fruiting,  may  have  been  similar  to  the 
selection  chosen  by  Tradescant  for  Lord  Salisbury :  the  pictures 
were  certainly  painted  as  a  guide-book  for  the  use  of  visitors  to  the 
garden ;  on  the  first  page  is  written  '  Heare  by  the  figures  you  may 
finde  each  fruite  '. 

For  the  sake  of  facilitating  comparison,  we  have  printed  the 


^  Since  identified  by  Mr.  S.  Savage  as  the  work  of  '  Jaques  le  Moyne  dit  de 
Morgues  Paintre',  author  of  La  Clef  des  Cha7nps^  1586. 


330 


GARDEN  LISTS 


names  of  the  fruits  in  italics  in  the  right-hand  column  alongside 
Tradescant's  own  fruit  catalogue  of  1634.    See  p.  343. 

In  161 8  Tradescant  was  engaged  in  '  A  Voiag  of  ambasad '  to 
Russia  with  Sir  Dudlie  Diggs/  and  had,  botanically  speaking, 
a  most  successful  campaign.  After  rounding  the  North  Cape  on 
6th  July,  he  landed  at  Archangel  on  the  16th,  and  finding  a  '  bery 
growing  lowe '  (the  yellow  Cranberry),  which  was  eaten  by  the 
people  '  for  a  medsin  against  the  skurbi ',  he  proceeded  forthwith  to 
dry  *  sume  of  the  beryes  to  get  seed  whearof '  he  *  sent  par  to  Robiens 
of  Parris '. 

On  20th  July  he  had  '  one  of  the  Emporer's  boats  to  cari  him  from 
Hand  to  Hand  to  see  what  things  growe  upon  them',  and  there  he 
found  '  pinks  growing  natturall  of  the  best  sort  we  have  heere  in 
Ingland,  withe  the  eges  ^^f  the  leaves  deeplie  cut  or  jaged  very 
finely  also  the  Rosa  Muscovita  that  he  grew  in  his  Lambeth 
garden  later.  None  of  the  other  plants  observed  by  him  on  the 
Rose  Island  or  elsewhere  can  be  proved  to  have  been  introduced  to 
western  horticulture  by  him  at  this  time. 

In  1627  Tradescant  was  botanising  in  the  Island  of  Rhe,  where 
he  went  as  a  member  of  the  Duke  of  Buckingham's  expedition,^ 
and  whence  he  obtained  the  *  greatest  Sea  Stocke  Gillofiower ' 
(Matihiola  sinuata), 

Lambeth  Garden,  1629-33. 

Thanks  to  Goodyer  and  Ashmole,  we  have  unexpectedly  full 
notes  of  the  plants  that  the  elder  Tradescant  grew  in  his  garden  at 
Lambeth  from  1629  onwards.  He  appears  to  have  kept  notes  of 
additions  to  the  garden  on  a  few  blank  pages  at  the  end  of  his  copy 
of  Parkinson's  Paradistis,  printed  in  1629.  This  copy  was  acquired 
by  Ashmole,  who  also  wrote  in  it,  and  it  has  recently  been  added 
to  the  Bodleian  collections  at  a  cost  of  £%'^? 

1  MS.  Ashmole  824. 

2  A  MS.  account  of  this  adventure  is  in  MS.  Ashmole  824,  ff.  187-192,  imme- 
diately after  Tradescant's  autograph  account  of  the  Russian  Expedition,  so  that 
it  may  also  have  belonged  to  him. 

3  The  volume  has  been  described  in  the  Bodleian  Quarterly  Record  and  in 
greater  detail  by  Mr.  Boulger  in  A  seventeenth-century  Botanist  Friendships 
J.  Bot.  1918,  p.  197.  There  is  stated  the  evidence  for  the  identification  of  the 
MS.  additions  as  the  work  of  Tradescant  and  Ashmole,  but  the  quotations  from 
them  leave  much  to  be  desired  in  point  of  accuracy,  ^r's  are  often  transcribed  as 
t's,p  as  q,  16  as  i  6,  &c.  It  should  be  mentioned  that  the  entry  of  Elias  Ashmole's 
monogram-signature  in  the  body  of  the  book  is  dated  1680. 


TRADESCANT 


331 


Reseved  since  the  Impression  of  this  Booke. 


In  primis. 


from  Morine. 


from  Mr.  Robine. 
fro?n  Holland. 


from  France 
Robyne. 


from  Moimser 
Roby?te. 


Sittissos  Amarantinum. 
Barba  Jovis. 
Polygolan. 

Digitalem  lutem  maior. 
Frittillaria  Aquitanica. 
Rosam  Vittriensem. 
Cogciggrum  Plinnii. 
The  great  whyt  Renunculus  single, 
on  other  sort  of  whyt  Renunculus  single. 
Renunculus  Drape  de  Argent, 
Anemone  Duble  Greene  with  a  littill  leafe. 
A  thrice  fayer  Duble  Anemone  whyt  Anemone, 
on  other  sort  of  Bubble  whyt  Anemone. 
Tulipa  perte  maior. 
Cardinalis  planta  2. 
on  Aster. 

on  Vyola  matronallis. 
Plattanos  arbor 
Cogciggra  or  shumahat 

Iris  Affracanis. 
Iris  pertyca. 

6  Anemones  tenuifoUio  Duble. 
4  latifollio  Duble  Anemones. 

on  German  Rose  of  Mr.  Parkinson  from  Mounser  Robine, 

whiche  is  called  Rosa  Austriaca  flore  phenissio. 
4  more  Roses  whereof  Mr.  Tuggy  hathe  two. 
on  Strang  vyene. 
on  Red  Honnysoccle. 
Two  Irisses  without  name. 


from  Mr.  Humfry  Slaynie. 


Arbutus  slipes. 
Tragacantha  slipe. 

Reseved  in  the  yeare  1 630  from  forrin  partes. 
on  Narciss. 


fro7n  Constanti- 
noble.  Sr 
Peetter  Wyche. 


on  Ciclamen. 

4  Renunculuses. 

Tullipe  Cafifu. 

Tullipe  perte. 

4  sortes  of  Anemones. 


Reseved  in  the  yeare  1631. 

W.  on  Tulype  called  the  Coronell  &  on  of  hir  owne. 

T.  S,  on  Tulipe  Brewer  3  collers  sh  welcom  Horn  Best  Golyathe. 

on  Palmer     more  good  Tulipes  unknowne. 
Mr.  Colfe.  on  Tulipe  Beau  without  a  Circle. 

Blanck  swisant. 

Unick  De  Armenitier. 

Mr.  Groves  olyas. 

HoUias  Beu. 

From  W.  Win.       Blienborgh  Admirall  of  3  collers  olli  van  Dusport. 

flamed  Red  &  Whyt  Crowne. 
Mr.  Rene.  Two  Holliasses. 


Reseved  in 
In  primis. 


the  yeare  1631  from  Mr,  Rene  Morine} 

Renunculus  Asiaticus  flore  duplice  luteo. 

Narcissus  Jacobei,  Narcissus  indecus,  Narcissus  flore  rubro. 

Semper  eternum  flore  luteum. 

Geranium  noctu  odorato. 

1  Cf.  p.  279. 


33^ 


GARDEN  LISTS 


From  Bmxsells.     6  Hiasinthes. 

Narcissus  medio  luteo. 
,,  Narboniensis, 
„  Mussart.^ 


In  the  ye  are  1632. 

Lotus  libica. 

Phillerea. 

Sarsaparilla. 

Smilex  aspera. 

Lentiscus. 

Agnus  Castus. 

Cittissis  maranthe. 

Absinthum  arborescente. 

Cittisus  panonicum  Clusii. 

Pseudo  Dictamnum. 

Vyburnum. 

Lauristinus  folio  glabro. 
Cistus  folis  chrispus. 
„     popelium  folyo. 
mas. 

Cortusa  Americana. 

Thimum  verum  verum  Hispanicum. 

Hisopium  tenuifolio. 

Tragacanthum. 

Amanker  lobelii. 

Frutex  Coronaria  flore  pleno. 

Mirtis  florence. 

Sesely  Ethiopicum. 

Caradathe  Americana. 

Narcissus  Tobago. 

Ornithogalum  arabicum. 

Iris  percicus. 

Absinthium  umbelatum. 

folio  lavendulum. 
Auriggunum  verum  Hihipanicum. 
Tumariscus  Itallica. 
Lutea  Creatica. 
Linaria  odorata. 
Feratium  Indicum. 
Serpentaria. 
Arum  mius. 
Iris  gloriossa. 
Coulchicum  frittilaria. 
Fraxinello  flore  rubro. 
Fraxsanela  minor. 
Herunde  Hispanica. 

In  the  ye  are  1632. 

Fraxinella  flore  albo. 

„       minor  flore  albo. 
Dronicum  maior. 
Eupatorem  Nove  Belgicum. 

In  the  ye  are  1633. 

Abrotanum  unguentaria. 
Androsaca  Mathioli. 
Renunculus  Lusetanycus  odorata  luteo. 
Colis  Jovis. 


Chama  Iredis  3  sorts. 
Iris  Anglica  variagata. 
Dentaria  Herundelesie. 

,,  trefolia. 

„  setfolia. 
Telethium  maius  &  minus. 
Moluka. 

Sentaurum  magnossi. 
Ciclamen  flore  albo. 
Hulimus. 

Geranium  3  spetius. 
Tithemali  caratius. 
Pistolochia. 
Hiasithus  flore  albo. 
Chamalea  tricockos. 
Tulipe  Chistmaker. 
Tulipa  se  bloome. 
Tricoler  Nomvull. 
Ratabet. 
The  Lyon. 

Brandmburg  .  v 

Oudenard. 

De  Turbone. 

Tulipe  svvice, 

Crowne. 

Canadense. 

Otho  Demeine. 

Oliva  Cappadocia. 
Fro7n  the frenche7nan. 

The  vvhyt  Crown  Tulipe. 

Hiasinthus  Brumalis. 

Narcissus  totus  albus. 

Constantinopolis. 
Fro77t  Mr.  P loves  brother. 

Narcissus  virginianus. 
„        totus  albis. 
„        De  Diverse  specie. 

Millefolium  flore  luteum. 

Virga  Aurea  virgine. 
from  Briissells  16  tulipes. 


Papaver  Reas  flore  luteo,  Radx  papo- 

ti.  (?). 
Pulegium  servinom. 
Frutex  Canadencis  Epimedium  folio. 
Aquilegi  variagata  rubro  et  albo. 


Bell  is  maior  Americanum  Arboressente 

proliffra. 
Cepe  Lobellii. 
Aspeck. 


^  Query  David  Mostart,  mentioned  by  Clusius,  Ctcr,  Post.^  p.  19. 


TRADESCANT 


333 


Buglosa  minor  sempervirente. 
Fumaria    arboressente     flore  luteo 

semper  virescente  variagata. 
Asarum  maius  Americana. 
Absinthium  innodorum. 
Poligon  Creticum  verum  luteo. 
Phalangium  virginianum  flore  albo. 
Scabiosa  Alpina  vera. 
Galliosus  panonica  Clusii. 
Teucrum  arboressente. 
Aposinum   Americana    foliis  Ascle- 

poydes  floribus  purpureo. 
Viola  luteo  Americana  arboressente. 
Tordillum  maius  sive  Sesseli  Crettica. 
Alkamilla  pese  leonis. 
Stelaria  argentina. 
Fillapedulla  altra. 
Campanella  lactencis  piramdalis. 
Barba  hersi  Coronopi  folio. 
Cetterache. 
Millifolium  flore  luteo. 
Cianus  Constantinopilus. 
Cottila  marinum. 
Absinthium  tridentinum. 
Hisopium  mirtifolio. 
Mar  Rubium. 

Renunculus  minor  bulbose  flore  pleno. 
Sanicula  guttata  montana. 
Aster  4  speties. 
Abrottinum  altra. 
Cardus  bulbosus  monspellesis. 
Balsamum  sive  Osimum  oderatum. 
Ciclamen  vernale  flore  rubro  odoratis- 
simum. 


Ciclamen   Antiochum  &  withe  them 

2  others. 
Narcissus  Virginnianum. 

„       Indicus  squamosus. 
Ciclmen  flore  pleno,  albo  et  rubro. 
Denis  caninis  flore  luteo. 
Frittilari  flore  luteo. 

„  Hispanica. 
Hiasinthus  Indicus  tuberosa  radice. 
Prumela  flore  flore  purpureo. 
Gladiolus  Canadencis. 
Alowaye  mucronata. 
Mirtis  flore  pleno. 
Sedum  arboressence. 
Casie  Quorundum  Clusii. 
Hipericon  arboressence. 
Mispilis  arona. 
Piemetum  realie. 
Alipum  motcsetie. 
Annagiris  feotida. 
Jugibie  Arabum. 
Zisipha  Capadocia. 
Carobie. 

Limonium  minus  angusti  folio. 
Mariaranum  sempevirence. 
Sabina  bacsiffira. 
Phlirea  lattifolio. 
Sicorum  grumosa  radice. 
Capris  vera. 

Gnapphalium  marinum   et  Cotonuri 

vulgi  sive  Bumbax  humlis. 
Martigon  Canadencis. 
Saldanella  Alpina. 
Philex  bacciffera. 


In  1634,  the  year  of  the  printing  of  the  Catalogue,  Tradescant's 
Museum  and  Garden  were  one  of  the  sights  of  London,  and  were 
described  as  such  by  Peter  Mundy  whose  manuscript  is  preserved 
in  the  Bodleian  Library.^ 

'  Haveing  Cleired  with  the  Honourable  East  India  Company 
whose  servant  I  was,  I  prepared  to  goe  downe  to  my  freinds  in  the 
Countrey. 

In  the  meane  tyme  I  was  invited  by  Mr.  Thomas  Barlowe  ...  to 
view  some  rarieties  att  John  Tredescans,  soe  went  with  him  and  one 
freind  more,  where  wee  spent  that  whole  day  in  peruseing,  and  that 
superficially  such  as  hee  had  gathered  together  .  .  . 

Moreover,  a  little  garden  with  divers  outlandish  herbes  and 
flowers,  whereof  some  that  I  had  not  seene  elswhere  but  in  India, 
being  supplyed  by  Noblemen,  Gentlemen,  Sea  Commaunders  etts. 
with  such  Toyes  as  they  could  bringe  or  procure  from  other 
parts.'  2 

*  MS.  Rawlinson  A.  315. 

^  Hakluyt  Society's  reprint  of  Mundy's  Travels. 


334 


GARDEN  LISTS 


The  existence  of  a  printed  list  of  plants  grown  by  the  elder 
Tradescant  in  his  Lambeth  garden  appears  to  have  been  quite 
unknown  to  bibliographers  until  the  recataloguing  of  the  Goodyer 
Library  once  more  drew  attention  to  this  unique  possession,  which 
I  had  the  pleasure  of  describing  in  the  Journal  of  Botany  in  1920. 
It  is  of  course  possible  that  the  little  book  was  never  published,  and 
that  the  copy  in  the  Magdalen  Library  is  to  be  regarded  as  a  proof 
of  a  work  that  was  never  put  into  circulation.  And  this  view 
derives  some  support  from  a  glaring  grammatical  mistake  on  the 
title-page,  which  we  reproduce.  No  printer  of  repute  would  have 
permitted  such  a  blunder  to  issue  from  his  press. 


PL ANTARVM 

INHORTO 

loHANNEM  Trade*' 
SCANT!  nafcentium 
Catalcgus. 


NOMINA 

SOLVMMODO 

Solis  vulgata  exhi^ 
bens. 


Abies. 

Abrotanum  mas. 

„      foemina,  id  est,  Chamae 
cyperissus. 
*Abrotanum  montanum. 
*Absinthium  arborescens. 

„  folio  Lavandulae. 

„  marinum,    id   est,  Seri- 

phium.^ 
„  umbellatum  Clus. 

„  vulgare. 


Acanthus  sylvestris. 

„  sativus,  zV/^j/,  Branca  ursina. 
Acetosa  Hispanica  major. 

„      Franca  rotundifolia  lobelii. 
„  Indica. 
Aconitum  coeruleum,  id  est,  Napellus. 
*      „    lycoctonum  ;  Luteum  hiemale. 
Aconitum  luteum  ponticum  majus. 

„       luteum  ponticum  minus. 
Acorus  verus. 
Ageratum. 


*  Plant  naines  inarked  with  an  *  do  ?iot  appear  in  the  later  edition  of 
the  catalogue  pri?tted  in  the  Museum  Tradescantianum  in  1656. 


'  First  sent  over  from  1.  of  Rhe  by  J.  Tradescant.    Ger,  emac.  IC99. 


J.  TRADESCANT,  SENIOR 


335 


Agnus  castus,  id  est,  Vitex. 

Agrimonia. 

Alaternus. 

Alcea  Veneta,  id  est,  Alcea  vesicaria. 

Alkakengi. 

Allium  sativum. 

„    maius  (z)  Scorodoprassum. 
*Alopecuros  vulgaris. 

„         spica  aspera. 
*Alsine  repens  maxima. 
Althaea  arborea  flore  purpureo. 

„     arborea     flo.    alb.,  mentis 
01b[iae]. 
Alyssum  Clusii, Alyssum  Plinii. 
*Amaranthus  spersa  Pannicula. 

„  tricolor. 

,,  holosericus. 
Ammi  vulgatius. 
Amomum  Plinii. 
Amygdalus. 

Anagallis  tenuifolia  flore  coeruleo. 
Anemone  latifolia  Pavot.  ma.  flo.  plen. 
„       latif.  Calcedonica  flo.  plen. 

*  „       latif.  la  Bruyne  flo.  plen. 

latif.  rosea  flore  pleno. 

latif.  albicans  flo.  pleno. 
„  latif.  coccinea  flo.  pleno. 
„       latif.  potorine  flo.  pleno. 

latif.  superisse  flo.  pleno. 
„       latif.  Constantinopol.  flo.  plen. 
„       latif.  aliae  diversae  species. 
„       tenuifolia  rubro  flore  pleno. 
„       tenuif.  albo  flo.  plen. 

tenuif.  albo  dilut.  flore  pleno. 

tenuif.  mutabilis  flore  pleno. 
„  tenuif.  viridis  flo.  pleno. 
„  tenuif.  carnea  vivacis.  flo.  pi. 
„  tenuif.  scarlata  flo.  pleno. 
,,  tenuif.  Pijtk  colour,  flo.  plen. 
„  tenuif.pl. Coma-amaranthina. 
„       tenuif.  flore  pie.  roseo. 

tenuif.  flore  pleno  variegata. 
„       tenuif.  flore  pleno  purpureo. 
„       tenuif.  flore  pleno  purpureo 
dilutior. 

Anemone  tenuif.  flo.  simplici  Brancion. 

„       flore  simp,  diversae  species. 
Angelica  sativa. 
*Anthora. 

Anthyllis  leguminosa  erecta  flo:  rubro. 
Antirrhinum  maius  flore  albo. 

,,  minus  flore  variegato. 

minus  flore  albo. 

*  „  minus  sylvestre. 
*[Apium,  see  Petroselinum.] 
Apocynum  Americanum. 

,,  alterum. 


Aquilegia  variegata  albo  &  purpureo. 
,,       variegata  albo  &  rubro. 
„  rosea. 
*Aquilegiae  magna  diversitas. 
Aracus  Baeticus. 

„  clematites. 
Arbor  vitae  vel  Thyia. 

„  Judae. 
Arbutus,  sive  Unedo.^ 
Aristolochia  clematitis.* 

rotunda  radice. 
Armeria  holoserica. 
„       flore  pleno. 

,,      flo.  simpl.  magna  diversitas. 
Arum  sylvestre. 
„    maculato  folio. 
„  maius. 
Arundo  Hispanica,  Donax. 
Asarum  vulgare. 
Asclepias  flore  albo. 

„       flore  nigro. 
Asparagus  sativus. 
Asperula  flore  albo. 
Asphodelus  minor,  Clusii. 

Lusitanicus. 
Aster  caeruleus  serotinus  fruticans. 
*       alter  minor   fruticans  &  pre- 

cocior. 
Astragalus  Baeticus. 

Marinus. 
Astrantia  nigra. 
Atractylis. 

Atriplex  baccifera  maior. 

„  minor. 
Atriplicis  varietates. 
Avellanae  diversitates. 
Avena  nuda. 
Auricula  ursi  flore  albo. 

„       „    flore  luteo  maximo. 

„       „    folio  glabro. 

„  folio  luteo  medio. 

„       „    albo  &  rubro  variegata. 

„       „    albo  &  purpureo  varie- 
gata. 

Auricula  ursi  flore  holoserico. 
„       „    flore  rubro. 

„    flore  violaceo. 
„  flore  fusco. 

„       „    holoserica,  Potrine. 
„       „    altera,  Potrine. 
„       ,,    maxima  Tradescanti  flore 
obsoleto. 
Auricula  ursi  diversae  species. 

Balsamina  foemina.  ^ 
•Barba  Jovis  frutex. 
Barba  Hirci  Tragi.^ 


^  Two  trees,  'the  largest  I  have  seen',  noted  as  still  living  in  the  garden  in  1749  by 
Sir  W.  Watson  {Phil.  Trans,  xlvi). 

^  A.  Cleniatitis  L.  reported  by  Sir  W.  Watson  in  1749,  I.e. 
'  '  Barba  capri '  was  noted  by  Johnson  in  1633, 


33^ 


GARDEN  LISTS 


Be[he]n  album. 

„  rubrum. 
Bellis  maior. 

Bellidis  minoris  magna  diversitas. 
Beta  sativa. 

„   spinosa  Cretica,  Bauhinii. 
Betonica  maior  Danica. 
Bistorta  maior. 
Blattaria  flore  luteo. 

,,      flore  albo  &  violaceo. 
„      maxima  obsoleta. 

maxima  odorata  flo:  luteo. 
Borago  flore  albo. 

„     semper  virens.^ 
,,     flore  caeruleo  minima. 
Botrys. 

Brassica  marina  latifolia. 
,,  perfoliata. 
„     foliis  crispis. 
striata. 
Hispanica. 
,,     Sabaudica,  varietas. 
Brunella  flore  albo. 
Bolbocastanum  maius. 
Buglossa  sativa. 
Buxus  maior. 
„    minor.  ^ 
„  auratus. 

Calamintha  montana  praestantior. 
Calceolus  Mariae. 
Calendula  flore  pleno. 

„  prolifera. 
Caltha  palustris,  flore  pleno. 
Canna  Indica  flore  rubro. 

„     Indica  flore  luteo. 
Cardamine  flore  pleno. 

„  trifolia. 

„  impatiens. 
Carduorum  diversae  species. 
Carduus  globosus. 

*  ,,  chrysanthemus. 

Benedictus. 
*Carlina,  i.  Chamaelaeon  albus. 
Carobe  Americana. 
Caryophyllata  montana. 
Caryophyllorum    elegantium  magna 

varietas. 
Caryophyllus  globosus  latifolius. 

*  Cassia  quorundam,  Clusii. 
Castanea  equina. 

„  vulgaris. 
Centaurium  maius  fol.  Helenii. 

„         maius  flore  luteo. 

„         alterum  Clusii. 
Cerasorum  diversae  species. 
Chamae-cerasus. 
Chamae-irides  variae. 


Chamelaea  tricoccos. 
Chamaepitys  secunda. 
Chelidonium  maius. 

„         maius  fol.  quernis. 
Chondrilla. 

„  purpurea. 
Christophoriana. 
Chrysanthemum  Creticum. 

„  segetum  bellidis  fol. 

Cichorium  sativum. 
Cinara  sylvestris  Boetica. 
Cistus  annuus  Clusii. 
,,  mas. 
,,  foemina. 
„  ledum. 

flore  albo. 
„    flore  albo  alter. 

foliis  crispis.^ 
„    ledum  primum  Clusii. 
„    ledum  latif:  secundum  Clusii. 
„    ledum  quartum  Clusii. 
„    ledum  septimum  Clusii. 

Halimi  folio. 
„    quintus  Clusii. 
Clematis  flore  pleno. 
„      flore  coeruleo. 
„      flore  rubro. 
„  Virginiana. 
Cochlearia  Batavorum. 
Coccigria. 

Colchicum  atropurpureum. 

„  vernum. 

„        flo:  albo. 

„        flore  pleno. 

„        fritillariae  facie. 

„  Bizantinum. 

„  variegatum. 

„  vulgare. 

„        ex  Insula  Chios. 
Colutea  vesicaria. 

„  scorpoides. 
Coniza  major  vera. 
Convolvulus  minor  folio  Althaeae. 
Coriandrum. 
Cormus. 

Comus  fructu  rubro. 

„     fructu  albo. 

„  sylvestris. 
Corona  imperialis. 
Coronopus  maior. 
Cortusa  Matthioli. 

„  Americana. 
Crocus,  Neapolitanus. 
flore  albo. 

„     Maesiacus  luteus. 

„      Maesiacus  flore  albo. 
flore  luteo. 

,,     violaceus  maior. 


^  Anc/iusa  sempervirens  reported  by  Sir  W.  Watson  in  1 749,  /.  c. 

2  Cistus  laxus,  crispus,  populifolius,  and  monspelieiisis  were  introduced  by  Tradescant. 
Loudon,  Ar bo )'ct  11771^  p.  50. 


J.  TRADESCANT,  SENIOR 


337 


Crocus,  violaceus  minor. 

,,     flore  cinereo. 

„     Maesiacus  argentinus. 

„      Maesiacus  luteo  Due. 
Croci  florc  variegato  diversae  species. 
Cruciata  Gentiana. 
Crupina. 

Cucumer  asininus. 
Cyanus  maior. 
Cyani  hortensis  varietates. 
Cyclamen  flo.  albo. 

„       folio  Hederae. 
„       folio  Hederae  Italicum. 
Cynoglossum  minus. 

„         non  descriptum. 
*Cyperus  longus. 
Cypressus.^ 
Cytisus  Maranthae. 
,,     primus  Clusii. 
„     secundus  Clusii. 

Delphinium  flore  pleno. 
Dens  caninus  flo.  albo. 

„    caninus  flo.  rubello. 
Dentaria  tryphylla. 

septifolia. 
Dentillaria  Rondeletii. 
Digitalis  flo.  albo. 

alba  maior. 
„  variegata. 

ferruginea  maior  &  minor.'^ 
Doronicum  Americanum. 
Draba  flo.  albo. 
Draco  herba. 

Dracuntium  maius,  Serpentaria.' 
Echium. 

Elleborus  albus.^ 

albus  flo.  atrorubente. 
„  niger. 
Elleboraster. 
Endiviae  species. 
Epemedium. 
Equisetum  Marinum. 
Eruca  perigrina  Clusii. 

Aragonica. 
Eryngium  Constantinopolitanum. 
planum. 
„        flore  luteo. 


Eryngium  marinum  vulgare. 
Esula  major. 

,,  montana. 

,,  minor. 
Eupatorium  Novae  Belgiae. 

Faba  Americana. 
Fabarum  diversae  species. 
Ferula  Galbanifera. 
*Ficus. 

„  Indica. 
Flamula  Jovis. 
Flos  Africanus. 

,,  „       flo.  pleno. 

„    Constantinopolitanus  fl.  Miniato. 
Constantinop:  flore  rubro. 

„    Constantinop;  flore  pleno. 

„  Passionis. 

„    solis  maior. 

„    solis  prolifera. 
Foeniculum. 

dulce. 

Fraga  fructu  albo. 
„     fructu  maiora. 
„     fructu  viridi. 
„     spinosa  sive  hispida. 
„  communia. 
Fraxinella  flo.  albo  minor. 
„        purpur.  maior. 
„        flore  rubro. 
Fritillaria  flore  rubro. 
„       flore  albo. 
„       vulgaris  maior  &  minor. 
„  Aquitanica. 
Frumenti  Turcici  variet.  triplex. 
Frutex  Canadensis  Epimedii  folio. 
„      Coronaria  flo.  pleno,  Syringae 
flore. 

Galega  flore  albo. 

,,      flore  carneo. 
Genista  Hispanica. 

,,  hortensis. 
Gentiana  maior. 

„       foliis  Asclepiadis. 
Gentianella  alpina  Helvetica. 
Geranium  Virginianum. 

„  odoratum  longius  radicatum. 
„  muscatum. 


^  Tradescant's  Virginian  Cypresse  '  Cupressus  Virginiana  Tradescanti  '  in  the  1656 
catalogue  does  not  appear  in  163^.  It  is  Taxodium  distichum  Rich.  Parkinson  reported 
English  seedlings  in  1640. 

^  Seen  in  1632  by  Johnson. 

3  Dracunctihcs  vulgaris  L.  seen  by  Sir  W.  Watson,  1749  {^Phil.  Trans,  xlvi). 

*  '  Gladiolus.'  *  lohn  Tradescant  assured  mee,  that  hee  saw  many  acres  of  ground  in 
Barbary  spread  over  with  them.'    Parkinson^  1629,  P-  I9°- 

^  White  EUebor  (  Veratrum  album  L.)  grew  '  in  some  partes  of  Russia,  in  that  aboundance, 
by  the  relation  of  that  worthy,  curious,  and  diligent  searcher  and  preserver  of  all  natures 
rarieties  and  varieties,  my  very  good  friend,  lohn  Tradescante,  .  .  .  that  as  hee  said, 
a  good  ship  might  be  loaden  with  the  rootes  hereof,  which  he  saw  in  an  Island  there 
Park.  1629,  p.  346.  He  accompanied  Sir  Dudley  Digges  to  Russia  in  161 8,  and  was  the 
first  man  to  investigate  the  flora  of  that  country. 


Z 


338 


GARDEN  LISTS 


Geranium  Creticum. 

Indicum  nocte  odoratum. 
•  „       tuberosa  radice. 
„       non  descriptum  Dodonaei. 
Gingidium. 

Gladiolus  Byzantinus.    [See  note  S 
flo.  albo.  p.  337.] 

Glaux  aestiva  supine  Lusitanica. 
Gnaphalium  flore  albo. 
Gramen  striatum. 
Graminis  diversae  species. 
Gratiola. 

Grossularia  maxima. 

maxima  longa. 
coerulea. 
„         rubra  major  rotunda. 
-  „         media  species  longa. 
„         rubra  minor, 
spinosa. 
Guaiacum  Patavinum. 

Halimus  arborescens. 

Hedysarum  clypeatum  Lob. 

Helleborus,  see  EUeborus. 

Hepatica  flore  albo  [twice]. 
,,       flore  coeruleo  major, 
,,       flore  coeruleo  minor. 
„       flore  albo   cum  staminibus 
rubris. 

Hepatica  coerulea  flo.  pleno. 

„       coerulea  flore  pleno  altera. 
Herba  Doria. 
Hesperus  Italica. 
Hieracium  medio  nigrum. 

„        lanuginosum  flore  luteo. 

„        dentis  leonis  facie. 
Hippoglossum. 

Hippomarathrum  Lusitanicum. 
Horminum  sylvestre  Lusitanrflorealbo. 
„        sylvestre  Lusitan:  flore  coe- 
ruleo. 

Hyacinthus  botroides  flore  albo. 

„        botroides  flo:  coeruleo. 

„  brumalis. 

„  comosus. 

„        Orientalis  flore  albo. 

„        Orient:  flore  coeruleo. 

„        Orient:  atro-rubiens. 
Peruvianus  flore  albo. 

„        Peruv:  flore  coeruleo. 

„  paniculatus. 

„         Pyrenaeus  flore  albo. 

„         Pyrenaeus  flore  coeruleo. 

„        flore  obsoleto,  Clusii. 
Hyoscyamus  albus. 

„  albus  medio-purpureus. 

Hypericum  latifolium  Lusitanicum. 
Hyssopus  sativa. 

„  prolifera. 
alba. 

tenuifolia. 
,,  comosa. 


Jacea  maxima  odorata. 
„  spinosa. 
„    flo.  luteo. 
„    aestiva  elegans. 
Jacobaea. 

„  marina. 
„    .  latifolia  Baetica. 
Jasminum  Catalonicum  flo:  albo. 
„       flo.  albo. 
„       flo.  luteo. 
Persicum. 

Ilex. 

Impatiens  herba  Dodonaei.  Persicaria 

siliquosa. 
Irides  maiores  variae. 
Iris  gloriosa. 
„   Susiana  major. 
,,   Clusii  flore  pleno. 
„   Clusii  flore  albo. 
„   Clusii  flo:  coeruleo. 

bulbosa  Anglica  maior  flore  albo. 
„       ,,  minor  flore  albo. 

bulbosa  Anglica  flore  coeruleo. 
Persica. 
„   bulbosa  Africana. 

bulbosa  Anglica  variegata. 
bulbosa  flore  luteo. 
Iridis  bulbosae  aliae  diversitates. 
Irides  humiles  sive  Chamaeirides  va- 
riae. 

Juniperus  minor. 
Jucca. 

Keyri  mains  simplex. 

mains  ferrugineo  flo.  pleno. 
„    flore  albo  simplex. 
5,    flore  pleno  pyramidale. 
,,    flore  pleno  vulgare. 
„    flore  pleno  auratum. 

Laburnum  maius. 

„  minus. 
Lagopus  flore  rubro. 
Lapathum  hortense. 
Lathyrorum  elegantium  variae  species. 
Lavendula. 

multifido  folio. 
Laurea  cerasus. 
Laurus  tinus. 

„     tinus  folio  glabro. 

,,  Alexandrina. 

„  Gallica. 
*Lentiscus. 

Leucojum  bulbosum  maius. 
„         bulbosum  minus. 
„        arbo.  flore  pleno  rubro. 
,,         arbo.  flo.  pleno  albo. 
„        arbo.  flo.  pleno  purpureo. 
„        arbo.  flo.  pleno  rubro  varie- 
gato. 

Leucojum  arbo.  flo.  pleno  purpureo 
variegato. 


J.  TRADESCANT,  SENIOR 


339 


Leucojum  marinum.^ 
Libanotis. 

Liliasphodelus  flore  luteo. 

„  flore  albo. 

Lilium  album. 

„     Convalium  flore  albo. 

Convalium  flo:  rubro. 
„    flore  luteo. 
„  Constantinopolitanum. 
Lilac  Matthioli.2 
Limonium  minus  angustifolium. 
Linaria  odorata. 
Locusta  Vir^^iniana  arbor.^ 
Lotus  arbor.* 
„  Lybica. 

coronata  maxima  Hispanica. 
Lupinus  Indicus. 

candidus  ex  Candia. 
„       flore  luteo. 
„       flo.  coeruleo  minor. 
Lutea  Cretica. 

Lychnis  sativa  rubra  flore  pleno. 
„      coronaria  pleno  flo.  albo. 
„      coronaria  pleno  flo.  rubro. 
„      sylvestris  Pyrenaeus. 

Maiorana. 

Malva  arborescens. 

,,     maxima  Hispanica  striata, 
segetum  Lusitanica. 
Malum  arantium. 
„  limonium. 
granatum. 
Mandragoras  mas.^ 
Marum. 

Martagon  Panonicum  spadaceum, 

„  Pompon. 

„       flore  albo  punctato. 
Matricaria. 

flore  pleno. 
Medica  spinosa  maior. 
„     transversis  spinis. 
„  scoparia. 
„     elegans  Catalonica. 
„     minor  spinosa. 


Medica  doliata  echinata. 
„      doliata  ramosa. 
clypeata. 
Melilotus  Italica  flore  luteo. 

„       arborescens  flore  albo. 
Melissa. 
Mentha. 

„  crispa. 
Meum. 

Mezereon  album. 

„  rubrum 
Milium  nigrum. 

„  album. 
Millefolium  atro  rubente  flore. 
Mollugo. 
Morus. 
„  alba. 

Virginiana. 
Muscari  flore  luteo. 

flore  albo. 
Myagrum  monopermon. 
Myrrhys  sativa. 
Myrtus  latifolia. 

angustifolia. 
„  florida. 

Napellus. 

Narcissus  medio  Croceus. 

„       Anglic,  flo.  pleno  Wilmot. 
,,       roseus  maximus  flore  pleno 
Tradescanti.^ 
Narcissus  Africanus  odoratus. 

J,       Africanus  major  praecox. 

Indicus  Jacobaeus. 
„       Capa  bonae  spei. 
„       tertius  Matthioli. 
„       Montis  Carmeli. 
„  Virginianus. 
„       medio  fimbriatus. 

Robinus  maior. 

juncifolius  luteo  flore  pleno. 
„  humilis. 

reflex  flo:  luteo. 
„       reflex  flo:  albo. 

oblong:  calice  flore  luteo. 


^  The  greatest  Sea  Stocke  Gilloflower  {Matthiola  simiata  L.)  was  brought  out  of  the 
Isle  of  Ree  [Rhe]  by  Rochel  by  Mr.  John  Tradesoant,  when  the  Duke  of  Buckingham  was 
sent  with  supplies  for  Mounsieur  Soubise  (1627).    Park  Theatriuti,  624. 

-  The  Lilac,  Syringa  persica  L.,  was  introduced  by  Tradescant.  Loudon,  Arboretum, 
p.  49 

^  Robima  Pseudacacia  L.  'A  very  great  tree  and  of  exceeding  height  with  Master 
Tradescant,'  in  1640.  Parkinson,  Theatriitn,  1550.  Mentioned  by  Ashmole,  in  1662  (?), 
but  not  by  Watson  in  1749. 

*  The  Date  Plum  {Celtis  atistralis  L.).  '  Lotus  arbor  Virginiana'  {Celt is  occidentalis) 
was  in  the  garden  in  1656. 

^  The  Male  Mandrake.    Some  years  previously  Parkinson  '  saw  in  my  Lord  Wootion 
his  garden  at  Canterbury,  whereof  Mr.y.  Tradescant  had  then  the  keeping,  an  other  sort 
Theatrum,  p.  343. 

^  •  The  greatest  double  yellow  bastard  Daffodill,  or  lohn  Tradescant  his  great  Rose 
Daffodill.  This  Prince  of  Daffodils  belongeth  primarily  to  lohn  Tradescant,  as  the  first 
founder  thereof.  .  .  .  Whether  raised  from  seed,  or  gained  from  beyond  Sea,  I  know  not.' 
Parkinson,  1629. 

Z  2 


340 


GARDEN  LISTS 


Narcissus  oblongo  calice  flore  albo. 

„       calice  brevi. 

,,  titesose. 

„       va  Hecuus. 

„       omnium  maximus. 

„  montanus. 

Non-parell  flore  albo. 

„  Non-parell. 

„  Constantinopolitanus. 

„       totus  albus. 

,,  Matineus. 
Nasturtium  Indicum. 
Nigella  flo:  pleno. 

„  citrina. 
„     flo:  simplici. 
Nux  juglans  Virginiana 
„  juglans  Canadensis. 

juglans  Angliae  novae. 

juglans  maior. 

„  juglans  minor. 
1 

Oenanthe  bulbosa  marina  venenosa. 
Olea  sylvestris. 
Oleander  flore  albo. 

„       flore  rubro. 
Ononis  non  spinosa  Pyrenaea. 

„     non  spinosa  oderata  flore  luteo. 
„     non  spinosa  aestiva  minor  flore 
luteo. 

Origanum  verum  Hispanicum, 
Ornithogalum  Neopolitanum. 

„  Arabicum. 

,,  maius  flo.  albo. 

Orobus  Venetus. 

Paliurus. 
Paeonia  mas. 

„      foemina  flore  simplici. 

„      foemina  flore  pleno. 

„      flore  pleno  incarnate. 

„      flore  purpureo. 


Papas  Americana  flore  albo. 

„     Americana  flo.  purpureo. 
Papaver  rhaeas  fl. luteo  radiceperpetua. 
„     rhaeas  flore  simplici. 

rhaeas  flore  duplici. 
„     nigrum  capit.  rotundis. 
corniculatum  flore  luteo. 
Paralysis  flore  viridante  simplic. 
„  fatua. 

„      inodora  geminata. 
„      flo.  &  calice  crispo. 
Pepo  Americanus  luteus. 

„    Americanus  viridis. 
Periclymenum  rectum  2.  Clusii. 
„  fructu  cerasino. 

„  hortense. 
„  Germanicum  flo.  rubro. 

Periploca. 

Petroselinum  crispum. 
„  hortense. 
,,  Virginianum. 
Phalangium  Alobrogium  Clusii. 

„        Virginianum  Tradescanti.^ 
Philyrea  angustifolia. 
Pimpinella  maior. 

sativa. 

„        agrimonoides  Colum. 
Pinus. 
Pinaster. 
Pistachia  sativa.^ 
Pistolochia  smilacis  folio. 

„  Virginiana. 
Pisum  indicum. 
„  perennes. 
„  bacciferum. 
„  maculatum. 
quadratum. 
Plantago  rosea. 

„      serrato  folio. 
Platahus.* 
Polium  montanum. 
Polygala  Valentina  i.  Clusii. 


1  'Nux  vesicaria'  in  the  1656  catalogue  may  be  our  common  Bladdernut  Staphylea 
pinnata  L.,  but  it  should  be  remembered  that  Parkinson,  Theatrtim,  p.  141 7,  says  that 
'  Mr.  Tradescant  hath  brought  a  sort  from  Virginia,  having  divers  nuts  in  the  bladder'. 
Loudon,  Arboretum,  p.  49,  attributes  the  introduction  of  Staphylea  trifolia  to  Tradescant. 

2  *  Tradescant  his  Spiderw^ort.  This  Spiderwort  is  of  late  knowledge,  and  for  it  the 
Christian  world  is  indebted  vnto  that  painfull  industrious  searcher,  and  louer  of  all  natures 
varieties,  lohn  Tradescant  (sometimes  belonging  to  the  right  Honourable  Lord  Robert 
Earle  of  Salisbury,  ,  .  .  and  then  vnto  .  .  .  the  Lord  Wotton  at  Canterbury  in  Kent, 
and  lastly  vnto  the  late  Duke  of  Buckingham  [assassinated  1627I),  who  first  receiued  it  of 
a  friend,  that  brought  it  out  of  Virginia,  thinking  it  to  be  the  Silke  Grasse  that  groweth 
there,  and  hath  imparted  hereof,'as  of  many  other  things,  both  to  me  and  others.'  Park. 
1629,  p.  152.  In  1617,  Tradescant  (who  may  have  then  been  in  Wotton's  service)  paid 
the  expense  of  a  passenger  to  Virginia  under  'Captain  Argall '.  Boulger,  y.  Bot.  191 8, 
p.  200. 

'  Pistacia  Terebinthus  L.  was  introduced  by  Tradescant  acc.  to  Loudon,  Arboretum , 
p.  49. 

*  P.  orientalis.  '  There  are  one  or  two  yong  ones  at  this  time  growing  with  Mr. 
Tradescant.'  Ger.  emac.  1633,  P-  1489.  P.  occidentalis  is  believed  to  have  been  intro- 
duced by  Tradescant  the  younger. 


J.  TRADESCANT,  SENIOR 


341 


Polygala  Valentina  2.  Clusii. 
Polygonatum  maius.^ 

„  maius  angustifolium. 

„  minus. 

racemosumVirginianum. 
„  alterum. 
Polygonon  marinum  Lobelii. 
Pomum  amoris  medium. 
Primula  veris  flore  albo. 

„      veris  albo  flore  pleno. 
•„      veris  flore  pleno  viride. 

veris  angustifolia  flore  albo. 
„      veris  angustifolia  flore  rubro. 
„      veris  flo.  viride  &  albo  simpl. 
Pseudo  dictamnum. 
Ptarmica  vulgaris. 
Pulegium  regale. 

„  cervinum. 
Pyracantha. 

Radix  cava  maior  flore  purpureo. 

„     cava  minor  flore  albo. 
Ranunculus  albus  flore  pleno. 

„        Asiaticus  sang.  flo.  pleno. 
„        Asiat.  tenuifol.  pleno  flo. 
luteo. 

Ranunculus  Asiat.  flore  albo. 

„        Asiaticus  flore  rubro. 
„        Asiat.  flore  luteo. 

Asiat.  folio  papaveris. 
Asiat.  Drape  de  Argen- 
tine. 

Ranunculus  Illyricus. 

„        aliae  diversitates. 
Raphanus  niger. 
Rapunculus. 
Reseda  maior. 
Rhodia  radix.^ 
Rhus  myrtifolia.* 
Ribes  fructu  rubro. 

„     fructu  albo. 

„     fructu  nigro. 
Ribesium  dulce. 
Rosa  Provincialis. 

„    Provincialis  flore  albo. 
Provincialis  flore  rubro. 

„    vitriensis  flore  pleno. 

„  incarnata. 

„    flore  luteo  pleno. 

„    flore  luteo  simplici. 

„    muscata  flore  pleno. 

„  Italica. 


Rosa  cinamomea. 
„    cinamomea  flora  albo. 
„  Francofurtiana. 

Batavica. 
„    alba  variegata. 
„    flo:  pleno  elegans  variegata. 
„    flore  simplici  pomifera. 
„  Virginiana. 
„  Moscovitica.* 
„    canina  flore  pleno. 
„    Eglanteria  flore  pleno. 

Eglanteria. 
„  holoserica. 
„  sempervivens. 

flore  rubro. 

flore  albo. 
„  Damascena. 

Austriaca  flore  Phoeniceo. 
Rosmarinus. 

„  auratus. 

„         coronarius  maximus. 
*Ruta  canina.^ 

Sabina. 

Salvia  variegata. 
„     hortensis  rubra. 
„     hortensis  viridis. 
„     maior  foliis  crispis. 
5,     minor  odoratissima. 
Sambucus  aquatica. 

„        foliis  laciniatis. 
Sanicula  Alpina  guttata. 
Saponaria  flore  pleno. 
Saxifraga  aurea. 
Scabiosa  Hispanica  major. 

Hispanica  Clusii. 
„  Indica. 
„       Indica  Clusii. 
Scorpioides  Portulacae  foHo. 

„        bupleurifol.   siliq.  crassa 
torosa. 
Scorpioides  minor. 

minor  elegans. 

Scorzonera. 

Scrophularia  Montis-Serrati. 

Pannonica  Clusii. 
Securidaca  minor. 
„  maior. 
„        perigrina  Clusii. 
Sedum  majus. 

„  arborescens. 
„  elegans. 


1  Solomon's  Seal  was  found  living  in  the  Lambeth  garden  by  Sir  W.  Watson  in  1749 
{Phil.  Trails,  xlvi). 

2  Rhamnus  catharticus  is  absent  from  this  list,  bnt  is  in  the  1656  list.  In  1749  Sir  W. 
Watson  reported  a  tree  'about  20  feet  high  and  near  a  foot  in  diameter'  (/.  c.^.  Perhaps 
the  younger  Tradescant  planted  it. 

3  Rhus  Cotimis  L.  was  introduced  by  Tradescant  acc.  to  Loudon,  Arboretum,  p.  49. 

*  No  doubt  one  of  the  spoils  of  Tradescant's  Russian  expedition  of  161 8.    Cf.  Boulger, 
First  Russian  Botanist.   J.  Bot.  1895. 
^    Probably  in  error  for  Rosa  canina.] 


342 


GARDEN  LISTS 


Serpentaria. 

Seseli  Aethiopicum  frutex. 
Sinapi  Castiliae  novae. 
Smilax  aspera  folio  rotundo. 

„     aspera  folio  maculato. 

,,     aspera  levis. 
Solanum  Lethale. 
Spina  Solstitialis. 
Staechas  Arabica. 

Citrina. 
Stachys  Hispanica. 

„  spuria. 
Stachylodendrum. 
Stoebe  Salamantica. 
Stramonia  flore  albo. 

„        flore  purpureo. 
Superbae  diversae  species. 

Tamariscus  Italica. 

„  minor. 

„  vulgaris. 
Tanacetum. 

„  crispum. 

„  inodorum. 
Telephium  maius. 

„  minus. 
Terebinthus  vera. 
Thalictrum  Virginianum. 


Thapsia  Neronis  Carotif.  Lob. 
Thlaspi  umbellatum. 
Thymum  verum  Hispanicum. 
Tithymalus  Charachia. 
Tithymalorum  diversae  species. 
Trachelium  album  flo.  pleno. 

coeruleum  flo:  pleno. 
Trifolium  barbaricum  stellat.  Tradesc.^ 
Triticum  spica  multiplici. 
Tuliparum  eligant:  maxima  diversitas. 
Tulipa  Num.  50.  diversae  species. 

Valeriana  Graeca  flore  coeruleo. 

„       Graeca  Dodon.  flore  albo. 

„  Dodonaei. 
Verbascum  salvifolium. 

„        blattariae  folio. 
Vergae  aureae  quatuor  spec. 
Veronica  mas. 

„  foemina. 
Vinca  pervinca  maior. 

„  minor. 
Viola  Matronalis  flore  pleno. 
Vite  sylvestris. 
Vlmaria  perigrina  Clusii. 
Vmbilicus  Veneris. 

„  „  Hispanicus. 

Vrtica  Romana. 


A  Catalogue  of  Fruits.- 


Apples? 


Doctor  Barchams  Apple 
Pome  de  Rambure 
Master  Williams 
Yellow  Russeting 
Harry  Apple 
Dutch  Pearmaine 
Black  Apple 
Barfolde  Queninges 
Smelling  Costard 
lohn  apple 
Red  master  Williams 
Quince  apple 
Summer  Permaine 
Winter  Pearemaine 
Gillefloure  Apple 


Ribon  Apple 
Pome  Mater 
Russet  Pippin 
Puffing  Apple 
French  Pippen 
Snouting 
Blandrille 
Tome  Crab 
Great  Russeting 
Summer  Beiliboon 
Quince  Crab 
Pome  de  Chastania 
Pome  de  Renet 
Pome  de  Carpandu 
Pome  de  Caluele 


^  Pulteney  {Biogr.  Sketches,  i.  176)  states  that  Tradescant  brought  Trifolhim  stel- 
latum  L.  from  the  Island  of  Formentera.  This  visit  may  have  been  during  the  Algerian 
campaign  of  1620. 

^  To  the  names  in  the  1634  catalogue,  for  the  most  part  printed  in  Roman  type,  we 
have  added  in  the  right-hand  column  and  in  italics  the  names  and  dates  of  ripening  of 
the  fruits  depicted  (?  by  Alex.  Marshall,  see  Mits.  Trad.,  p.  41)  in  a  book  known  as 
Tradescant" s  Orchard  now  in  the  Bodleian  Library  (MS.  Ashmole  1461). 

^  Shakespeare's  apples,  the  John  apple,  Bitter-sweet  or  sweeting,  Crab,  Codling, 
Leather-coat  ( —  Yellow  Russeting),  Pippin,  and  Pomewater  are  all  in  this  list,  but 
curiously  enough,  though  Tradescant  had  a  Poperin  pear,  he  does  not  mention  the 
Warden  pear  by  that  name. 


J.  TRADESCANT,  SENIOR 


343 


Violet  Apple 
Darling  Apple 
Stoken  Apple 
Sack  and  Sugar 
Pidgions  bill 
The  Kings  apple 
M.  Molines  apple 
Grey  Costard 
Winter  Belliboorne 


Little  sweeting 
Yellow  Spising 
Dari  Gentles 
Livinges 
Mother  Pippin 
Russet  Peare  apples 
Keelings 
Ginitings 
Black  Pipin 
An  Early  ripe  Apple  good  in  taste 


Peares. 


BInfeild  Peare 
Gergonell 
Sir  Nathaniel  Bacons  great  Peare 
Red  Peare 
Rose  water  Peare 
Greenefield  Peare 
Dego  Peare 
Scarlet  Peare 
French  Popering 
Snow  Peare 
Winter  Boon  Critian 
Summer  Boon  Critian 
Arundel]  Peare 
Pallas  Peare 
Prince  Peare 
Greene  Peare 
Hedera  De  Besa 
Michaelmas  Peare 
M.  Motts  Peare 
Paynted  Peare 
Sliper  Peare 
Greene  Rowling 
Kings  Peare 


Poyer  Messer  Ian 
Nutmeg  Peare 
Bishops  Peare 
Orenge  Burgamott 
May  Peare 
Swise  Peare 
Summer  Burgamot 
Hony  Peare 
Mid-summer  Peare 
Winter  Burgamot 
Poyer  de  Poydre 
Portingale  Peare 
Sugar  Peare 
Double  floure  Peare 
Bloud  Peare 
Poyer  Fran  Rial 
Winter  Winsor 
Summer  Winsor 
Poyer  Irish  Madam 
Poyer  Dangobet 
Poyer  de  Valet 
Poyer  de  Sauoyse 


Aug.  22 


[TRADESCANTS  ORCHARD}] 


The  greet  i6  ounce  peere 

The  grete  winter  peere 

The  Jerusalem  Pere 

A  f?'ench  peare  called  R.  Collar  it  ripe 

Quinces, 

The  portingegale  Quince 
The  peare  Quince       Oct.  5 


Aug.  29 


Plums? 


MOroco  Plum 
Spanish  Plum 
Blew  peare  plum 
Red  peascod  Plum 
White  Plum 
Plum  Dine 

Rath  ripe  Damaske  violet 


Red plumordin  Plume  ripe  July  12 
Vilot  plum  „   July  24 

Maraco  piiwie  „   July  15 

Early  whight  pere  plum  „  July  30 
Denny  plum  „  Aug.  6 

Grene  Oysterly  plum  Aug.  9 

Grene  mother  plum        „  Aug.  14 


'  To  this  is  prefixed  a  pleasing  coloured  drawing  of  '  Martagon  vel  Leli  novae  Angliae  *. 

2  Plums.  '  The  choysest  for  goodnesse,  and  rarest  for  knowledge  are  to  be  had  of  my 
very  good  friend  Master  John  Tradescante,  who  hath  wonderfully  laboured  to  obtaine 
all  the  rarest  fruits  he  can  heare  off  in  any  place  in  Christendome,  Turky,  yea  or  the 
whole  world.'    Parkinson,  Paradise^  1629,  p.  575. 


344 


GARDEN  LISTS 


Damaske  Violet 
Verdoch  Plum 
Friers  Plum 
Bowie  Plum 
Nutmeg  Plum 
White  Rath  ripe  Plum 
Peake  Plum 
Apricocke  plum 
Orenge  Plum 

Michaelmas  damaske  Plum 

Red  Mirabolane 

White  mirabolans 

The  Monsiers  Plum 

The  Perdigon  Plum 

The  Kings  Plum 

The  Queenes  Plum 

The  white  Perdigon 

The  pruneola  Plum 

The  Diapre  Plum  of  Malta 

The  Diapre  Plum 

The  Imperiall  Plum 

The  Date  Plum 

The  Musle  Plum 

The  Damascene  Plum 

The  Irish  Plum 

White  Damaske  violet  plum 


Nutmeg  plum  7-1 

'pe 

Aug. 

18 

Frier  plum 

Aug. 

16 

Red  Mussell  plumbe 

Aug. 

20 

Sheffell  Bullis 

>j 

Aug. 

22 

Impryall  plum 

Aug. 

22 

Gante  plum 

Aug. 

23 

Mussule  piu?n 

)j 

Aug. 

24 

Grene  pes  cod  pltim 

Aug. 

24 

Damsonn 

Aug. 

26 

Pruon  Damson 

Aug. 

27 

Red  pescod  plum 

5) 

Aug. 

28 

Whight  Date 

)5 

Aug. 

29 

Whight  mussell  plumbe 

J> 

Sept. 

2 

Blacke  peare  pluin 

J) 

Sept. 

3 

Amber  plum  which  /.  T. 

as  I  take  it  brought 

out   of  France  and 

groweth  at  Half  eld 

Sept. 

8 

The  Turke  Plum 

Sept, 

16 

Cheries. 


SWertes  Cherie 
I  Seelinars  Cherry 
The  great  Hart  Cherry 
The  great  bearing  Cherry 
The  Arch- Dukes  Cherry^ 
The  Spanish  cherry 
The  Luke  Ward  Cherry 
The  Agriot  Cherry 
The  Chamelion  Chery 
The  dwarfe  Hungarian  chery 
Tradescants  Chery  ^ 
The  white  Chery 
The  cluster  Chery 
The  double  floure  Chery 
The  May  Chery 


Harte  Cherry 
Corone  Cherry 
Naples  Cherry 


ripe  Jtme  24 
„  June  19 
„  July  I 


Luke  ward  Che?y    „  June  10 


Dwarfe  Cherry  „  July  i 

Tradescant  Cherry  ,,  June  21 

Whighte  Cherry  „  June  24 

Cluster  Cerry  „  June  1 5 


May  Cherry 


[fune'l  2 


Apricocks. 

BArbarie  Apricocks    2  sorts  ^ 
Small  Holland  Apricocke  Roimd  Apricock        ripe  Aug.  15 

Masculine  Apricocke  The  Apricooke  that  is 

Longe  muske  Apricock  both  long  and  great    „  Aug.  2^ 

The  ordinary  Apricocke 

^  *  John  Tradescantes  Cherrie  is  most  usually  sold  by  our  Nursery  Gardiners,  for  the 
Archdukes  cherrie,  because  they  haue  more  plenty  thereof,  and  will  better  be  increased.' 
Parkinson,  I.e.,  p.  574. 

^  The  Argier  Apricocke  *  with  many  other  sortes  John  Tradescante  brought  with  him 
returning  from  the  Argier  voyage,  whither  hee  went  voluntary  with  the  Fleete,  that  went 
against  the  Pyrates  in  the  yeare  1620.'    Parkinson,  I.e.,  p.  579. 


J.  TRADESCANT,  SENIOR 


345 


Nectorins, 


THe  Roman  red  Nectorine 
Sir  Edward  Sillards  ed  Nectorine 
The  little  yellow  Nectorine 
The  white  Nectorine 


Ro?nan  Reed  Nectrion  ripe  Sept.  2 
Bastard  Red  Nectrion  „  Sept.  4 
Cluster  Red  Nectrion  „  Atig.  22 
Yelloiv  Nectrion  „   Sept.  1^ 

Grene  N.  „   Sept.  5 


TRadescants double  floured 
The  Queenes  Peach 
The  White  Peach 
The  Nutmeg  Peach 
Peach  de  Troas 
Newington  Peach 
Carnation  Peach 
Spanish  Peach 
Devine  Peach 
Lions  Peach 
Roman  Peach 
Peach  Pavi  laune 


Peaches. 

Peach  Crete  early  yellowe  peech 
Blake  peck  red  all  'withi?t 
Whight  peech 


ripe 


The  peach  Dutroye 
Nuingetonn  Peeche 
Round  Carnation  peech 
Graunde  „ 
Bell 

which pealleth  like  a  codling 
The  Russet  Blud  peech 

or  Durosynus 
The  M allycotone  peche 
A  late  ripe  yellow  peech 

but  very  good Jirine  peech 


Sept.  6 
Sept.  20 
Sept.  21 


Aug.  4 
Sept.  24 
Sept.  4 

Sept.  3 

Sept.  25 
Sept  26 
Oct.  10 


Viites. 


THe  Parsly  leaved  Vine 
The  Fronteneac  Vine 
The  great  blew  Grape 
The  Potbaker  Grape 
The  reison  Grape 
The  currans  Grape 
with  divers  other. 

FINIS. 


The  buxtet  Gi'ape  wich  very  seildum  rip 

The  blue  grape  ripe  Sept.  27 

The  Grat  Re  son  Grape  „  Oct.  10 
The  smalle  Reson  Grape   , ,   Sept.  1 2 


The  grete  Roman  Hasell  Nut 

The  great  French  Fragara,  ripe  the  20  of  M ay. 

A  contemporary  notice  of  this  catalogue  occurs  in  the  Diary  of 
Georg  Christoph  Stirn  of  Nurnberg  (MS.  Bodl.  Add.  B  67).  Stirn 
left  Dieppe  for  England  on  2  July  1638.  His  sightseeing  in 
London  included  the  Tower,  York  House,  and  the  Tradescant 
Museum,  and  he  wrote  in  his  diary  that  in  the  garden  were  all 
kinds  of  foreign  plants,  the  names  of  which  are  to  be  found  in 
a  special  little  book  which  Mr.  Tradescant  has  had  printed  about 
them.  This  'special  little  book'  now  shares  with  Gerard's  first 
Catalogue  (i 596)  the  honour  of  being  among  the  scarcest  of  printed 
botanical  works  in  the  world. 

The  contents  of  the  Lambeth  garden  were  again  listed  by  the 
younger  Tradescant,  who  printed  the  second  Catalogus  Plant  arum 
in  Horto  Johannis  Tredescanti  nascentium  in  1656.  And  a  few 
years  later  Ashmole  drew  up  a  list  of  all  the  trees  still  surviving  in 


34^ 


GARDEN  LISTS 


the  garden,  and  wrote  it  out  at  the  end  of  his  copy  of  Parkinson's 
Paradise^  now  in  the  Bodleian  Library. 

Trees  found  in  Mrs.  Tredescants  Ground  when  it  came  into 

my  possession.  [1662.] 

Platinus  orientalis  verus.  Piatanus  oriefttalis  L. 

„      occidentalis,  aut  Virginensis.  ,,    occidentalis  L. 

Arbor  siliquosa  Virgniensis  spinosa,  Locus  nostratibus  dicta.      Robinia  Pseud- 
acacia  L. 

Cerasus  racemosa  putida  ^  Padus  Theophrasti  dicta.  '     Prumis  Padus  L. 


Periclymenum  rectum  ^  flore  rubro. 
Nux  Vesicaria,  altera  Virginensis. 
Euonymus  Theophrasti. 
Lotus  Arbor. 
Sambucus  Rosea. 
Arbor  Judae. 
Cornus  Mas. 

,,  foemina. 
Latana,  sive  Viburnum. 
Guaicum  Patavinum. 
Syringa  alba. 
Pyracantha. 
Alaternus. 
Arbutus. 
Castanea  equina. 
Pinaster. 
Laurus  Tinus. 

,,  „  Lusitanicus  flore  glabro. 
Tillia. 

Tamariscus. 
Acer  majus  latifolium. 
Rhus  Virginiana. 
Vitis  Virginensis. 
Apocynum,  sive  Periploca  repens. 


Lonicera  alpigena  L. 
Staphylea  trifolia  L. 
Euonymus  europaeus  L. 
Celtis  australis  L. 
Viburmun  Opulus  var.  sterilis. 
Cercis  Siliqtcastruin  L. 
Cornus  Mas  L. 
Cornus  sangtiinea  L. 
Viburnum  Lantana  L. 
Diospyros  Lotus  L. 
Syringa  vulgaris  L.  var.  alba. 
Pyracantha  coccinea  Roemer. 
Rhaimius  Alaternus  L. 
Arbutus  Unedo  L. 
/Esculus  Hippocastaneum  L. 

Pinus  Pinaster  L. 
Viburnum  Tinus  L. 
Pru7ius  lusitanica  L. 
Tilia  vulgaris  Hayne. 
Tamarix  anglica  Webb. 
Acer  Pseudo  piatanus  L. 

Rhus  typhina  L. 
Vitis  quinquefolia  Lam. 
Periploca  graeca  L,  ? 


Althea  arborea  flore  albo  fundo  purpureo  Montis  Olbiae.  Hibiscus  syriacus  L. 
Seseli  ^thiopicum  frutex.  Bupleurum  fruticosum  L. 


xi.  George  Gibbes'  Garden  Lists,  undated  and  1634. 

George  Gibbes  had  a  garden  at  Bath  which  was  visited  by 
Thomas  Johnson  and  the  Socii  itiner antes  on  their  tour  in  the  west 
of  England  in  1634.  There  is  a  short,  undated  list  of  Gibbes'  plants 
among  Goodyer^s  papers,  though  it  is  not  in  his  handwriting.  It  is 
headed  '  To  have  from  Mr.  Gibbes'.  Johnson  printed  a  list  of  117 
of  Gibbes'  exotic  plants  in  the  Mercurius  Botanictis,  of  these  only 
six  (marked  below  with  double  asterisks)  occur  in  the  short  list. 

It  will  be  noted  that  none  of  the  plants  imported  by  Boel  from 
Spain  occur  in  either  list,  whereas  they  do  occur  in  the  Stonehouse 

^  Mr.  Boulger,  who  saw  the  MS.  in  191 7  before  it  had  been  purchased  by  the 
Bodleian,  by  reading  the  word  'putida'  as  'qubida',  and  conjecturally  amend- 
ing it  as  '  quibusdam  '  (!),  has  illustrated  the  danger  of  not  minding  one's  p's  and 
q's.  In  the  next  line  he  read  '  erectum  '  in  error  for  *  rectum'.  I  have,  however, 
placed  implicit  trust  in  his  determination  of  the  modern  equivalents  of  the  names. 


GIBBES 


347 


list  of  1640.  Parkinson  has  an  interesting  note  on  Gibbes  in  his 
note  on  a  Virginian  Aster,  which  was  evidently  imported  after  the 
date  of  Johnson's  list. 

Aster  Virgineus  luteus  alter  minor. 

'  We  have  had  scarce  time  enough  to  observe  it  thorowly  since  we  got  it 
from  Virginia  by  the  means  of  Master  George  Gibbes  Chirurgion  of  Bathe, 
who  brought  in  his  returne  from  thence,  a  number  of  seeds  &  plants 
he  gathered  there  himselfe,  &  flowred  fully  only  with  Mr.  Tradescant.' 
Parkinson,  Theainiui,  1640,  p.  133. 

Gibbes'  Garden  16^4. 

Plants  marked  *  are  in  the  Goodyer  list  only. 
Plants  marked  *  *  are  in  both  lists. 

Abrotanum  mas.  * 
Absinthium    tenuifolium,  quibusdam 

Romanum,  aliis  Ponticum. 
Ageratum. 

Allium  max.  radice  simplici. 
Allium  vulgare. 
Antirrhinum  majus  flo.  albo. 
*Aquilegia  angustifolia,  mult.,  simpl. 
Arbor  vitae. 
Aristolochia  Clematites. 
*Armerius  latifol. 
Asclepias  flore  albo. 
Aster  Italorum. 
** Astragalus  Lusitanicus. 
Astraniia  nigra. 
Auricula  ursi. 

Blattaria  purpurea. 
*     „  alba. 
*Bistorta  minor. 
Bolbonach,  sive  Lunaria  Greca. 
Branca  Vrsina. 
*Buphthalmum. 
*Buxus  versicoloribus  foliis. 


Cotyledon  altera  Ger.  emac. 
Crocus  vernus. 
**Cucumis  asininus,  Offic. 
Cyanus  flo.  albo,  carneo  et. 
„  major. 

Doronicum  Romanum. 

Faba  Graecorum. 

Fragaria  fructu  magno,  Boemica,  Quo- 

rund. 
Flos  adonis. 
*Flos  africanus. 
Flos  solis  major. 

Gentianella  verna  flo.  amplo. 
Geranium  longius  radicatum.  Lob. 

„  Moschatum. 

,,        Romanum  variegatum. 
Gladiolus  Narbonensis. 
Gnaphalium  Americanum. 
Glycyrrhiza  vulgaris. 
Gramen  Lupuli  glumis,  sive  Tremulum 
max.  Bauh. 


*Calceolus  mariae. 
Caltha  flo.  multiplici. 

*  ,,  palustris. 
Campanula  Persicifolio,  Lob. 
Caryophyllorum    hortensium  variae 

spec. 
Cerinthe. 

Chamaecyparissus. 
Chamaedrys. 
*Chamaeiris  latifol. 

*  ,,  angustifol. 
Chamaexyris,  Lob. 
Chrysanthemum  Creticum. 
Cochlearia  Batava. 
Colutea  vulgaris. 
Consolida  regalis. 
**Convolvulus  coeruleus  minor. 
Coriandrum. 

Costus  hortorum. 

Cotyledon  minus  montanum,  Palmaria 
Tab.,  Vmbilicus  veneris  minor,  Gr. 


**Helleborus  niger  verus. 
Hepatica  nobilis. 

*  ,,       albida  fl.  rub. 
Hipposelinum 
Hyssopus  vulgaris. 

*  ,,       foliis  aureis. 

Imperatoria. 
Iris  bulbosa. 
„   latifolia  vulgaris, 
lacea  tricolor  flo.  amplo  lut. 

„         „  vulgaris, 
lasminum  album. 

,,       luteum,  sive  Trifolium  fruti- 
cans,  Polemonium  Ger. 

Laurus  vulgaris. 
Lavendula  vulgaris. 

„        flo.  albo. 
Leucoium  bulbosum  et  alia  verna,  quae 
tunc  temporis  non  apparuerunt. 


348 


GARDEN  LISTS 


Leucoium  flo.  albis  et  purp. 
Lilium  album. 
„  montanum. 
„     non  bulbosum. 
Lotus  hortorum,  Lob.  sive  Trifolium 

odoratum. 
*Lupinus  albus,  max.,  coer.,  aur.,  et 

luteus. 
Lychnis  Chalcedonica. 
hortensis. 
„      syJ.  flo.  multipl. 
Lysimachia  coerulea. 

„         lutea  Virginiana. 

Majorana. 

Marum   sive    Mastich    Gallorum  et 

Anglorum. 
Mentha  sativa  rubra. 
Meum. 
Muscipula. 
Myrrhis  sativa. 

Napellus  coeruleus. 
Nigella  Romana. 

Oxalis  rotundifolia. 

Papaver  sativum  simp,  et  multipl.  flo. 
Parthenium  flo.  multipl. 
Pentaphyllum  surrectum. 
Periclymenum  perfoliatum. 
*Peucedanum. 
Phalangium  non  ramosum. 

,,  Virginianum. 
Polium  luteum. 
Psyllium. 


*  Radix  cava.  flo.  earn. 
Raphanus  rusticanus,  Offic. 
Rha  rotundifolium. 
Rhabarbarum  Monachorum. 

„  verum. 
*Rosmarinum  aureum. 

*  latifolium. 
Ruta. 

Sabina. 

Salvia  angustifolia. 
„     major  vulgaris, 
variegata. 
Saponaria  flo.  multipl. 
Scabiosa  montana  max. 
Scordium. 
Scorzonera. 
Serpilli  3.  spec. 
Stoechas  vulg.  Offic. 
Sumach  Virginianum. 

Tamariscus  Narbonensis. 
Thalictrum  majus  Hispanicum. 

*  „  virginianum. 
**Thlaspi  Creticum. 
Thymum  durius. 
Trachelium  majus  flo.  albo. 
Tragopogon  flo.  purp. 
Tuliparum  varietates  plurimae. 

Umbilicus    Veneris    sive  Cotyledon 
altera,  Ger.  emac.  Sedum  serratum. 

Valeriana  Graeca. 

Vinca  pervinca,  sive  Clematis  Daph- 

noides. 
Viola  mariana. 

„    matronalis  flo.  pleno. 


xii.     W^ALTER  StONEHOUSE's  GARDEN  LiST,  164O-1644. 

The  garden  of  the  Rev.  Walter  Stonehouse  at  Darfield  Rectory 
is  described  in  a  neatly  written  vellum-bound  i2mo  volume  of 
44  leaves,  with  a  leaf  with  plans  of  the  garden,  known  as  Magdalen 
College  MS.  No.  239,  or  as  Goodyer  MS.  17.  It  is  entitled  Catalogus 
Plantarum  Horti  mei  Darfeldiae  Qiiibiis  is  msirnctus  est  Anno 
Domini  1640,  and  though  anonymous,  is  convincingly  identified 
as  the  work  of  Stonehouse  by  his  anagram  '  Theologus  servus  natus  ' 
(=  Gualterus  Stonehousus)  on  f.  5  of  the  MS.  The  same  anagram 
occurs  in  a  MS.  volume  of  Sermons  in  the  Library  of  Magdalen 
College  and  at  the  end  of  his  poems  in  the  Mnsaeum  Tradescan- 
tianum  (1656). 

Stonehouse's  notes  and  plans  show  that  the  rectory  grounds 
comprised  a  'best  garden',  measuring  34  yards  by  30  yards,  the 


STONEHOUSE 


349 


Saffron  Garth,  a  long  rectangular  strip  running  north  and  south 
for  83  yards,  and  the  orchard.  The  plans  are  clearly  drawn  to 
scale  and  are  marked  with  numbers  which  corresponded  to  his  lists 
of  plants.  We  have  even  his  notes  of  the  exact  dimensions  of  the 
garden  in  terms  of  his  own  paces,  from  which  we  may  infer  that  he 
was  a  man  of  no  great  stature.  *  2,624  of  my  usuall  paces  made 
an  English  mile  of  1,056  paces  Geometricall :  that  is  5,280  feete 
and  1,760  yards.  The  garden  15  times  half  round  is  just  a  mile; 
16  times  is  a  mile  and  57  yards.' 

Though  we  have  their  orientation,  we  have  no  clue  as  to  how 
the  three  parts  of  his  garden  were  disposed,  but  may  conjecture 
that  the  Rectory  stood  in  the  angle  of  the  best  garden.  Plums, 
Peaches,  Apricots  and  a  Pomegranate  covered  the  west  and  north 
walls ;  a  vine  was  trained  against  a  wall,  possibly  of  the  house. 
Several  rectangles  drawn  at  the  ends  of  paths  may  represent  garden 
ornaments ;  an  arbour  or  summer  house  seems  to  have  stood  in  the 
north-east  corner. 

The  beds  in  the  style  of  the  sixteenth  century  may  have  been 
the  work  of  an  earlier  incumbent.  They  were  laid  out  in  five 
*  knots ',  perhaps  enclosed  with  tile,  stone  or  Box  edgings,  which 
bordered  the  '  forthrights as  the  broader  walks  were  called. 
According  to  the  plan  the  beds  in  the  knots  were  two  and  three 
feet  in  width,  and  would,  as  Parkinson  (1629)  recommended,  have 
contained  the  greater  part  of  the  herbaceous  collection. 

'  The  Safforn-garth  9  times  round  wants  50  yards  of  a  mile ; 
and  10  times  about  it  is  a  mile  and  140  yards.  The  long  streight 
walke  in  the  Safforn-garth  is  82  yards;  so  that  this  gone  22  times 
single,  or  11  times  double,  is  a  mile  and  44  yards.' 

The  name  recalls  the  fact  that  in  the  sixteenth  century  '  Crocus ', 
or  Saffron,  was  perhaps  the  most  paying  crop  that  it  was  possible 
to  raise  in  a  garden.  '  Our  English  Honey  and  Saffron,'  wrote 
Bullein  in  1588,  'is  better  than  any  that  cometh  from  any  strange 
or  foreign  land.' 

'  A  little  of  ground 

brings  Saffron  a  pound,' 

and  in  1539-40,  Doncaster  Saffron  was  sold  at  more  than  £1  per 
pound  weight.  Saffron  Hill  and  Saffron  Walden  recall  an  extinct 
British  horticultural  industry,  but  Darfield  Rectory,  as  the  present 
Rector  informs  me,  is  noted  for  a  Crocus  border  170  yards  long. 

Most  of  Stonehouse's  fruit  was  grown  in  the  Safti'on  Garth  and 
the  Orchard,  both  of  which  were  walled  in.  In  the  former  he  had 
33  wall-trees,  planted  6  feet  apart,  against  the  walls  on  the  north 


350 


GARDEN  LISTS 


and  west  sides,  and  a  selection  of  30  Apples  and  Pears  '  in  the 
open  plotte  as  well  as  some  more  recent  acquisitions  from  the 
garden  of  his  neighbour,  Sir  John  Reresby. 

The  best  varieties  of  the  original  stock  were  probably  obtained 
from  Parkinson's  '  very  good  friend,  Master  John  Tradescante  who 
had  made  a  speciality  of  all  fruit  trees,  '  the  choysest  for  goodness, 
and  rarest  for  knowledge,'  and  especially  of  Plums  '  fit  for  an 
orchard '. 

In  the  orchard  there  were  fruit  walls  along  the  north  and  east, 
and  a  raised  walk  or  '  mount '  along  the  wall  on  the  west  side. 
This  '  high  walke '  probably  dated  from  before  Stonehouse's  time, 
for  he  refers  to  '  olde  plum  trees  '  upon  it.  The  '  open  plotte '  was 
stocked  with  Apples  ol  various  kinds,  with  a  row  of  Pear  trees 
along  the  north  walk. 

'  The  high  walke  in  the  orchard,  66  times  single  gone,  or  33  times 
double  (that  is  backward  and  forward)  is  a  just  mile — 5,280  foote  ' 

'The  orchard  9  times  round  about  is  a  mile  and  4  yards.' 

In  the  open  the  fruit  trees  were  planted  about  18  to  20  feet  apart. 
Their  positions  are  clearly  indicated  upon  his  numbered  plan,  from 
which  the  illustration  in  Fig.  2  has  been  redrawn  for  purposes  of 
reproduction.    (See  Gardeners^  Chronicle^  3920.) 

The  Sir  John  Reresby,  from  whom  he  obtained  several  varieties 
of  Apples  and  Pears,  was  a  neighbour  living  at  Thrybergh,  some 
six  miles  south  of  Darfield.  His  son,  of  the  same  name,  was  the 
well-known  Governor  of  York,  who  wrote  memoirs  containing 
a  secret  history  of  the  Courts  of  Charles  II  and  James  II. 

The  manuscript  concludes  with  an  epitaph  in  Latin  verse  by 
Stonehouse,  to  his  favourite  cat,  Delia,  which  died  when  kittening 
and  was  buried  in  the  garden. 

IN  FELEM  DILECTAM,  INTER  PARTUS 

DOLORES  EXTINCTAM. 
Delia  {sic  ferttir^  coelum  invadente  Typhoeo. 

Sub  Fele,  in  terris,  condidit  ova  latens. 
Par  tubus  ilia  praeest ;  sed  et  ilia  {heu)  saepe  vocata^ 

Tardat^  parturiens  dum  mihi  Felis  obit. 
Ah,  factum,  Lucina,  male!  Ah,  e a  gratia  Divae  est, 

Praesidii  ut  possit  non  memor  esse  sui. 

The  present  Rector  of  Darfield,  the  Rev.  A.  E.  Sorby,  informs 
me  that  the  house  has  been  greatly  enlarged  and  probably  covers 
the  beds  at  T  and  the  geometrical  beds  at  S.  '  The  other  four  beds, 
V,  W,  Y,  Z,  with  the  star  in  the  centre,  are  still  in  existence,  though 


STONEHOUSE 


not  in  the  same  geometrical  position.  The  Saffron  Garth  is, 
I  think,  undoubtedly  in  the  walled  garden  between  the  Rectory 
and  the  School  Street.  The  measurements  do  not  agree  with  the 
existing  garden,  but  the  shape  is  the  same  and  the  Saffron  Crocus 
borders  are  still  there.  To  the  north  of  the  Rectory  and  of  the 
walled  garden  is  a  large  orchard,  where  the  Saffron  Crocus  up  till 
lately  also  flourished  and  bordered  the  paths.  .  .  .  Our  soil  is  very 
light  and  most  suited  to  bulbs.' 

The  hst  of  plants  in  Stonehouse's  own  hand  was  evidently 
compiled  at  different  times.  The  first  list,  in  strict  alphabetical 
order,  was  completed  on  or  shortly  before  the  27th  of  August,  1640. 
The  names  are  very  clearly  written :  ten  lines  on  a  page,  on 
alternate  lines  for  additions.  The  later  entries  are  therefore  readily 
distinguishable.  They  are  in  blacker  ink,  and  may  with  confidence 
be  referred  to  the  next  four  years.  Probably  the  greater  number 
of  new  plants  was  added  in  1644.  Stonehouse  estimates  that  he 
had  450  perennials  in  1640,  or  651  at  the  later  date  (probably  1644), 
as  well  as  215  annuals  and  biennials  raised  from  seed,  making  866 
in  all. 

Then,  no  doubt,  came  the  period  of  his  persecution,  banishment 
and  imprisonment.  A  pathetic  little  note  tells  us  that  in  1652  he 
again  visited  his  garden.  It  is  in  Latin  and  appears  to  mean  that 
of  the  866  plants,  '  Alas !  but  few  are  there  to-day,  and  I  have  no 
hope  of  founding  a  new  colony  '. 

The  lists  enumerate  14  species  from  Virginia,  5  from  Guinea,  and 
4  from  New  England,  including  Juglans,  Terrae  glandes,  '  Maiz ' 
and  Pepo.  Sir  David  Prain  informed  me  that  he  knew  of  no 
earlier  record  of  English  garden  plants  from  this  last  locality. 

The  plant  lists  have  been  printed  in  extenso  in  the  Gardeners' 
Chro7iicle  for  15  May  1920  and  three  following  numbers,  and 
reprinted  with  corrections.-^ 

xiii.   The  Westminster  Garden  of  Edward  Morgan, 
c.  \6i<^-c,  1677. 

Edward  Morgan,  '  rei  herbariae  studiosus,'  a  Welshman,  was  one 
of  the  Socii  iiinera?ttes  who  accompanied  Johnson  on  his  famous 
excursion  to  North  Wales  in  July  1639,  and  acted  as  interpreter.^ 
He  then  made  the  acquaintance  of  Walter  Stonehouse  to  whose 
garden  he  contributed  a  plant  of  the  Leopard's  Bane  of  America 
'  Doronicum  Americanum  majus '  (1640).    Morgan  had  a  garden  at 

^  Gunther,  Giwden  of  the  Rev.  Walter  Stotiehouse,  1920. 
^  Johnson,  Mercurii  Botanici  pars  altera,  Lond.  1641. 


352 


GARDEN  LISTS 


Westminster,  where  he  grew  the  first  Polyanthuses,  obtained  from 
Great  Woolver  Wood  in  Warwickshire,  and  possibly  also  Phlomis 
purpurea^  which  he  is  stated  by  Aiton  to  have  been  the  first  to 
introduce.  His  name  is  associated  with  the  following-  British  Plants 
by  How  in  MS.  notes  which  must  have  been  written  between  1650 
and  1656.  He  evidently  knew  where  to  find  white  and  purple 
Spear  Thistles  in  London. 

Primula  veris  fl.  pi.  viridi. 

,,        ,,     sive  Paralysis  fatua. 
Malva  syl:  flore  albo. 

[Bellis  fl.  herbaceo  globoso  non  descr.  {erased).\ 
Scabiosa  ovilla  fl.  albo. 
Carduus  lanceolatus  fl.  alb.    St.  James. 
Lychnis  syl:  foliis  variegatis  fl.  albo.    Qu.  M. 

Carduus  lanceolatus  fl.  alb.  et  fl.  purp.    Q.  Chyrurg:  for  ye  places  of  theese 
plants  growth  from  Morgan. 

On  10  June  1658  John  Evelyn  'went  to  see  ye  Medical  Garden 
at  Westminster,  well  stored  with  plants  under  Morgan  a  very 
skilful  botanist'.  In  1662  the  garden  was  visited  by  the  Rev.  John 
Ward,  who  recorded  in  his  diary  ^  that  Dr.  Morison  commended 
*  Ned  Morgan's  for  ye  best  collection  of  plants  in  England and  the 
admiration  appears  to  have  been  mutual,  for  Morgan  affirmed 
Morison  to  be  the  best  botanist  of  his  age  in  London,  and  next 
to  him  are  '  Dr.  Dale,  Dr.  Merit,  and  Mr.  Goodyer  \  A  few  of 
Morgan's  plants  of  special  interest  are  noted  in  Ward's  diary. 
They  included 

Leucojum  bulbosum.    3  sorts. 

Iris  persica,  a  very  pretty  Iris,  '  Ye  flowers  open  with  a  mouth  like  Snap- 
dragon 
Cinara  spinosa  et  aculeata. 

Muscus  filicinus,  '  winged  like  feme.     Much  of  it  gathered  in  Hamden 
woods '. 

Gramen  innatans  and  fluviatile. 

and  Burri  (=  Burre  grasse),  '  as  it  hath  a  yellow  spike  on  top  '. 

1.  Ilex  coccigera. 

2.  glandifera. 

3.  „  aktae-foliis. 

4.  ,,    ye  common. 
Medler  tree. 

Strychnos  Nux  vomica,  ye  Physic  nut ) 
Yellow  Jessemine  \ 
Zizipha,  ye  Bead  tree. 
Glaux  maritima. 
Cruciata  marina. 


^  D'Arcy  Power,  The  Oxford  Physic  Garden^  Ann.  Med.  Hist,  ii,  p.  iii. 


E.  MORGAN 


353 


Absynthium  arborescens  '  July  3 

„         insipidum  et  inodoratum, '  a  very  pretty  plant,  very  like  common 
wormwood,  July  3 
A  pretty  hedge  of  Spanish  broom. 

In  1667  we  again  get  news  of  the  garden  through  Merrett  who 
added  five  of  Morgan's  plant  records  to  the  Vegetabilia  in  his 
British  Pinax. 

Malva  arborea  marina  nostras.  Lavatera  arborea  L. 

*  Mr.  Morgan  received  it  from  the  Isle  of  Wight.' 
Plantago  aquatica  major  muricata. 

'  In  a  small  pond  betwixt  Clapham  and  South  Lambeth-Common.  Mr. 
Morgan.' 
Primula  veris  Polyanthos. 

*  In  great  Woolver  Wood  in  Warwickshire,  Mr.  Morgan,  qui  transtulit  in 

hortum  suum  instructissimum  Westmonasteriensem.' 
Fungus  campani  formis,  niger,  parvus  multa  semina  plana  in  se  continens. 

*  Mr.  Morgan's  Garden  Westminster,  call'd  in  Wostershire,  Corn  bells, 

where  it  grows  plentifully.' 
Fungus  rotundus  superne  concavus  et  translucidus  colons  succini. 

*  In  Mr.  Morgans  garden,  et  alter  coccinei  coloris,  in  St.  James's  Park  in 

the  Winter  time  on  old  decayed  Trees.' 

Edward  Morgan's  Hortus  Siccus^  comprising  some  two  thousand 
dried  plants,  is  contained  in  three  large  folio  volumes  of  about 
160  leaves  each,  now  preserved  in  the  Bodleian  Library.  The 
specimens  give  us  a  very  complete  illustration  of  the  plants,  which 
were  probably  grown  in  his  Westminster  garden  in  1672,  when  the 
collection  is  believed  to  have  been  begun.  At  least  two  of  Morgan's 
garden'  plants  found  their  way  into  the  Morisonian  Herbarium  at 
Oxford.  One  is  the  Basil-leaved  Red  Dead  Nettle  {Lammin 
ptirpiireiim  L.  var.  ocymifolium  Boulger),  and  the  other  is  the 
Phlomis  purpm^ea  L.  mentioned  above.  His  name  is  also  associated 
with  '  Chamaecyse  Virginianus  E  Morgan '  {Euphorbia  maculata  L.)  ^ 

In  1676  the  plants  were  removed  from  Westminster  to  the  newly 
founded  garden  of  the  Apothecaries  Company  at  Chelsea ;  and 
in  1677,  'Mr.  Morgan,  the  gardener,  asked  for  increased  "con- 
sideration "  for  keeping  the  garden  and  for  his  plants '. 

The  exact  site  of  Morgan's  garden  is  not  known.  It  appears 
to  me  that  it  may  have  been  the  same  as  the  one  by  which 
Ralph  Tuggy,  the  correspondent  of  Johnson,  had  previously  made 
his  name  as  a  famous  grower  of  pinks,  carnations,  and  auriculas. 
Bobart  referred  to  him  as  *  Tuggie  in  Westminster,  beyond  ye 

^  Noticed  on  p.  308.     I  am  not  quite  convinced  that  Edward  Morgan  of 
Bodesclen  is  the  same  person  as  Edward  Morgan  of  Westminster. 
^  Vines  tS:  Druce,  Morisoftian  Herba7'ium. 


354 


GARDEN  PLANTS 


Abbey '.^  We  know  that  Tuggy  died  before  1633,  when  his  widow 
was  keeping  up  the  garden,  but  he  is  mentioned  by  Tradescant  in 
1629-30,  see  p.  331.  A  Richard  Tuggy  and  Edward  Morgan 
appear  in  1657  as  co-signatories  to  a  letter  printed  by  W.  Coles 
at  the  beginning  of  his  Adam  in  Eden. 

On  the  other  hand,  Edward  Morgan  has  to  some  extent  been 
confused-  with  Hugh  MORGAN,  'the  Queens  Apothecary'  and 
*a  curious  conserver  of  rare  simples',  who  had  a  garden  near 
Coleman  Street,  where  he  had  a  tree  of  Celtis  atistralis  L.  Cole- 
man Street  was  of  course  in  the  City,  leading  north  from  Lothbury. 
Hugh  Morgan  introduced  Clematis  viticella  in  1 569,  and  is  quoted 
by  Lobel  as  having  also  introduced  to  English  horticulture 

Althea  arborea  Olbia  in  Galloprovinc.    Adv.  p.  294. 

Buphthalmon,  Oculus  bovis,  Millefolii  folio,  Chrysanthemi  flore.  Adv, 
p.  343- 

Cicercula  altera,  an  Phaseolus  Diosc  ?.    Adv,  p.  394. 

Mount  (see  p.  256)  mentions  Maize  and  the  Gladiolus  in  Morgan's 
garden  in  1578.  A  panegyric  advertisement  of  Hugh  Morgan 
addressed  to  Dr.  Bayley  '  by  your  assured  loving  friend  B.  G/  and 
dated  Alvingham,  14  Aug.  1587,  is  bound  up  with  the  Bodleian 
copy  of  Walter  Bay  ley's  Discourse  of  the  three  Peppers,  Obviously 
Hugh  belonged  to  a  generation  before  Edward  Morgan. 

xiv.  Lists  of  English  Garden  Plants  wanted  by  Dr. 
Robert  Morison,  a  correspondent  of  Dr.  William 
How,  FOR  THE  Royal  Botanic  Garden  of  Blois,  c,  1651. 

These  three  lists  were  evidently  enclosed  in  a  begging  letter 
from  an  unnamed  correspondent,  endorsed  '  For  his  much  respected 
friend  Dr.  V.  How  *.  They  are  written  on  5  leaves,  measuring 
II  inches  x  4  inches.  The  writer  was  evidently  exceedingly  anxious 
to  obtain  the  plants.  Of  the  51,  92,  and  70  plants  included  in 
three  lists,  213  in  all,  How  appears  to  have  been  able  to  supply 
the  42  indicated  by  numerals  and  crosses  in  his  handwriting.  It 
will  be  noticed  that  these  include  a  proportion  of  new  plants 
from  Virginia  '  not  yet  described '. 

A  comparison  with  the  Morison  MSS.  in  the  Oxford  Botanic 
Garden  has  convinced  me  that  these  lists  are  in  the  hand  of 
Dr.  Robert  Morison,  a  pupil  of  the  Frenchman  Vespasian  Robin 

*  Bobart  MS.  note  in  his  Cat.  of  Oxford  Garden  at  Oxford. 

*  Amherst,  History  of  Gardening  in  England,  1895,  p.  223. 


MORISON 


355 


who  in  the  year  of  the  publication  of  the  Phytologia  had  been 
appointed  Curator  of  the  Royal  Botanic  Garden  at  Blois.^ 

A  chance  presentation  to  Charles  II  in  February  1660  resulted 
in  his  being  offered  an  appointment  as  Regius  Professor  of  Botany 
•in  London,  to  which  he  added  the  Chair  of  Botany  at  Oxford  in 
1669.  In  a  book  primarily  about  John  Goodyer  and  his  contem- 
poraries, I  have  nothing  good  to  say  of  Morison.  He  was 
practically  a  foreigner,  and  unlike  Ray,  he  ignored  the  work  of 
English  botanists.  In  the  words  of  Sir  Arthur  Shipley  *  He  seems 
to  have  been  a  somewhat  selfish  man  of  science,  self-assertive, 
taking  every  credit  to  himself,  while  allowing  little  to  his  pre- 
decessors and  contemporaries.'  ^ 

List  i. 

Semina  harum  primo  quoque  tempore  ad  me  mitti  desidero  plantas  vero 
tempestate  idonea. 

[Followed  by  an  illegible  note  in  How's  hand] : — 
Rememb.  Vina  max.  syl,  by  sending  in  .  .  . 

1.  Abrotanmn  Indorum. 

2.  „  unguentarium. 

3.  Absynthium  album  umbilicatum. 

4.  Acinos  anglica  Clus. 

5.  „        „      fl.  albo. 
Anonis  flore  purpureo. 

6.  Armeria  syl.  humilis  fl.  vineo  rubello. 

7.  Beta  maxima. 

8.  Cachrys  verior  Galeni. 

9.  Calamintha  pulegii  odore. 

ID.  Makenbuy  valde  aneo  scire  quid  sibivult  et  planta  haec  ipsiusque  nomen. 

11.  Oxys  lutea  virgineana. 

12.  Chelidonium  minus  fl.  pleno. 

13.  Juniperus  major. 
Cochlearia  vulgaris  Britannica. 

vera  rotundifolia  minima. 

14.  Matricaria  fl.  Bullato  aureo. 

15.  Mentha  crispa. 

16.  Solanum  lignosum  virginianum. 

17.  Lysimachia  lutea  fl.  globoso. 

^  It  may  be  noted  that  while  Morison  was  cataloguing  his  garden  at  Blois,  an 
Englishman,  Sir  Richard  Browne,  then  resident  in  Paris,  was  at  work  on 
a  Catalogue  of  Evergreens  in  which  he  had  been  helped  by  a  Mr.  Keipe.  In 
a  letter  to  Sir  E.  Nicholas,  dated  5  July  1658,  he  noted  that  '  Alaternes  beare  a 
graine  like  that  of  privet,  which  beinge  sowed  comes  upp  and  prospers  without 
difficulty  '.  Carnden  Sac.  xxxi,  p.  65.  Goodyer  had  noted  Rhainnus  Alatej-nus 
in  Coys'  garden  in  161 6. 

2  Schuster  &  Shipley,  Britain's  Heritage  of  Science^  p.  234. 

A  a  2 


356  GARDEN  PLANTS 

18.  Persicaria  virginiana. 

Trifolium  pumilum  supinum  liosciilis  longis  albis  non  descriptum. 
„  nodiflorum. 

19.  Salvia  germanica  non  descriptum. 

20.  Saxifraga  aurea  sane  sanicula  guttata  non  descripta. 
Atriplex  marina  latifolia  tota  rubra  non  descripta. 

21.  Periclymenum  foliis  quercinis  non  desc. 

Plantago  quinquenervia  fimbriis  lat.  ex  aureo  argent,  non  descripta. 
Acer  florescens  virginianum  non  descriptum. 
„    odoratum  virginianum  non  descriptum. 

22.  .,    virginiana  non  desc. 

Apocynum  virginianum  latifolium  majus  fl.  albicast  non  desc. 

23.  minus  virginianum  angustifolium  fl.  albo  non  desc. 
virginianum  minus  fl.  elegantissimo  miniato  non  descriptum. 

„         virginianum  minus  roris  marini  folio  non  descr. 

24.  Apium  virginianum. 

25.  Arbor  tinctoria  virginiana  non  desc. 

26.  Aster  Novae  Angliae. 

27.  Artemesia  (?)  foliis  variegatis. 

28.  Aster  foliis  (?)  et  flore  minore  Novae  Angliae. 

29.  Battatas  virg. 

Beta  foliis  variegatis. 

30.  Bistorta  minor  nostrarum. 

Blitum  majus  repens  fl.  virid.  Novae  Angliae. 
Calceolus  Mariae. 
Caucalis  apii  foliis  floribus  rubeis. 
Digitalis  flore  variegato. 
„       palustris  hybemica. 

31.  virginiana  angustifolia. 

32.  „       virginiana  fl.  luteo. 

33.  Lupinus  perenni  radice  virginianus. 
Mentha  variegata. 

List  2. 

Plantae  excerpta  ex  Phytologia  Britannica  quas  desidero  aut  saltern  annuaria 
semina. 

[This  list  contains  92  names,  of  which  How  suppHed  7  plants  only.] 

34.  Anonis  non  spinosa  purp.  Ger. 

35.  Bardana  rosea  s.  Lappa  rosea. 

36.  Bugula  s.  Consolida  media. 

37.  Cardamine  pumila  Bellidis  folio. 

38.  Cerasus  syl.  fructu  minimo  cordiformi  non  descripta. 

39.  Foenum  graecum  syl. 

40.  Vina  maxima  syl.  nondum  descripta. 

List  3. 

Plantae  solis  Johannis  Park[inson]  scriptae  quarum  communicationem  aut 
seminibus  aut  radicibus  peroptarem. 

[A  list  of  70  plant  names,  of  which  How  marked  two  with  numbers.] 

41.  Lychnis  arvensis  minor  anglica. 

42.  Platanus  occidentalis  s.  virginensis. 


9 


MORISON 


357 


Harum  praedictarum  tarn  in  primo  quain  secundo,  31^  Catalogo  contentaruin 
semina  penes  te,  ad  me  mitti  primo  quoque  tempore  non  dubito  quia  hie  apud 
nos  appropinquat  serendi  tempus. 

Ouin  oratum  et  exoratum  te  velim  ut  ex  400  sponte  in  Anglia  provenientibu 
adjiciendisqiie  aliquot  rariora  semina  (quorum  tibi  est  copia)  ad  me  mittas. 

[MS.  f.  169-73. 

In  1661  and  1662  Dr.  Morison,  established  in  the  Keepership  of 
the  King's  Gardens  in  London,  was  visited  by  John  Ward.^  Under 
Feb.  1661-2,  Ward  noted  that,  unlike  Goodyer,  Dr.  Modesay  'never 
studied  grasses  and  mosses '  Att  ye  King's  Garden  Dr.  Modesie 
showed  us  some  of  his  very  rare  plants  as 

Marum  Syriacum.  Mastick. 
Crithmum  spinosum.  Samphire. 
Barba  Jovis.  Silver  bush, 

and  the  conversation  turned  on  Lysimachia  purpurea  spicata, 
Chelidonium  majus  and  minus,  the  Sycamore,  and  Rabelais.  Ward 
evidently  enjoyed  the  visit,  for  he  repeated  the  experience  on 
I  Sept.  1662,  remarking  '  itt  is  a  very  rare  thing  to  discourse  with 
him      This  time  he  noted 

Jacobaea  crithmifoliis 
Capparis  Fabago 
Cappadiis 
Capsicum  polygala 
Valentina  Clusii 
and  many  other  rare  plants. 

^  D'Arcy  Power,  Oxford  Physic  Garden^  Ami,  Med.  Hist,  ii,  p.  122. 


LISTS   OF   EXOTIC  PLANTS. 


The  greater  number  of  Lists  of  Plants  in  Goodyer's  handwriting 
are  of  English  indigenous  and  garden  plants,  and  are  written  on 
odd  pieces  of  paper  of  quarto  width.  Among  them  are  several 
lists  of  foreign  plants  (now  bound  with  Goodyer  MS.  ii),  very 
closely  written  on  narrow  slips  of  paper,  3  or  4  inches  in  width, 
which  have  become  crumpled,  rubbed,  and  foul  with  dirt,  as  if  they 
had  been  carried  about  in  a  pocket.  They  have  all  the  appearance 
of  hand-lists  of  desiderata,  such  as  a  London  merchant  might  have 
furnished  for  the  use  of  travellers  visiting  foreign  regions,  who 
required  in  compact  form,  catalogues  of  local  plants  with  native 
names.  Some  of  the  lists  were  obviously  restricted  to  tropical 
produce  of  economic  value  :  others  may  be  regarded  as  among  the 
earhest  exotic  floral  lists  known  in  manuscript.  The  handwriting 
of  certain  of  the  lists  appears  to  be  that  of  John  Parkinson,  and 
their  date  to  be  about  1636,  but  several  are  no  doubt  earlier. 

These  early  lists  with  their  flavour  of  foreign  travel  recall 
Rauwolfl"'s  allusion  to  *  the  great  Troubles  and  Dangers  those 
that  have  written  of  Exotick  Plants  have  sustained  and  incurred 
in  their  foreign  Peregrinations ^  would  not  be  grievous  to  me,  did 
I  not  fear  that  it  would  extend  this  Dedication  to  too  disproportionate 
and  tedious  a  length  '.^ 

France.  List  of  ^1  plants  taken  from  and  with  references  to 
LobeVs  Adversaria,  written  by  Goodyer  on  the  back  of  the  draft 
of  a  letter  dated  16  Jan.  1631.    Not  printed.  [MS.  f.  132  v. 

Glossary  of  French  names  of  Plants^  evidently  abstracted  by 
Parkinson  from  P.  Bellonins  De  neglecta  Cultura  Stirpium  [issued 
with  Clnsius  Exotica),  pp.  224,  226.    Not  printed.      [MS.  f.  156  v. 

List  of  Plants,  mostly  from  Italian  Localities,  abstracted  from 
Camerarius,  Hortus  medicus  et  philosophicus  1588,  presumably  by 
J.  Parkinson. 

Abutilon  Indicum.  [f.  162 

Acacalis.    Alisma  Matth. 

Adonis  flora  pallido  in  Thuringis  segetibus  e  Suevia. 
Alnus  nigra,  Frangula.    Siler  Plinii  non  multis  (?). 
Amygdalo  persicus  pulpa  persicum  nucleus  amygdalum  sapit. 

^  Epistle  Dedicatory  to  Rauwolft's  Travels  in  Rafs  Collection  of  Ctirious 
Travels,  1693. 


ITALIAN  PLANTS 


359 


Antirrhinum  pulcherrimum  flore  luteo,  grandi,  sponte  nascitur  inter  Savonam 

et  Genuam. 
Apocynum  verum  non  repens. 

Aristolochia  rotunda  vera.  In  montibus  Euganeis  prope  Patavium  crescit. 
Asphodelus  autumnalis  sive  maior  ex  Italia  missus :  hyemem  non  fert  nisi 

in  fictili  asservetur. 
Camphorata  Monsp.    ^  [Carduus  bulbosus.]    Card,  pineus  Narbon. 
Chamaelaea  Germanica  flore  albo. 

Chelidonium  minus  flore  pleno.    Francofurt.  [ex  horto  A.  Keck]. 
Cistus  flore  luteo  Ledi  [Ladani]  folio  Italici.  Florentia. 
Clematis  altera  flo:  albo  ;  Flammula  repens  Dodon. 
Clinopodium  Matthioli  flore  albo. 

Colchicum  vernum  subobscuro  flore  circa  Tigurum  Helvet. 

Corcorus  sive  Melochia. 

Corydalis  Fumaria  kitea  montana.  Splith. 

Cotinus  Coccygria  Plinii  frequens  in  Trident.  Alpibus. 

Cyperus  rotundus.    Cyperus  dulcis,  Trasi  dulce. 

Cytisus  Columellae,  Glaux  quibusdam.  Pisa  et  Samnitibus  oritur  et 
Bononiensi  agro. 

Cytisus  niger  sive  maior  Pseudocytisus  Cordi  elegans  planta  est,  et  tota 

aestate  florens  topiariis  idonea. 
Daucus  Creticus  verus  in  montibus  Vicentinis,  Baldo  et  monte  prope 

Comum. 
Elaphoboscus,  Florentia. 
Ferulago. 
Flammula  recta. 

Galeopsis  flore  luteo,  folio  longo,  rectis  caulibus. 

Halicacabum  sive  Solanum  Indicum.    Florent.  [a  J.  de  Casa  bona  J. 

Hissopoides  ad  portam  S.  Julianae  [Justinae]  Patavii  &  intra  moenia. 

Jacea  pumila,  seu  Carduus  pineus  Narbae. 

Jacea  Montana  Narbonensis. 

Juniperus  maior  Italica  baccis  rubris. 

Libanotis  cachrifera  quae  rotundis  foliis  prodit  e  semine  cum  pleraeque 

aliae  umbelliferae  oblongis  oriantur. 
Libanotis  altera  semine  lato,  nigricante,  odorato. 

Lilium  non  bulbosum  sive  Arundinaceum  flore  subcroceo  et  alterum  luteo 
odorato  admodum.  Profert  interdum  germina  in  summitate  caulis 
ubi  flores  sine  semine  deciderunt,  quae  terrae  comissa  statim  radices 
agunt. 

Muttelina  ex  Arba  monte  Helvetiorum ;  inter  Carum  et  Meum  ambigua. 
Paeonia  ochranthemos  flore  pallescente. 
Paeonia  hispanica  pumila. 

Panax  Heracleum  in  Apennino,  in  Alpibus  Scalae  dictis.   non  procul 

Bononia  et  in  Samnitibus  ubi  Rampe  d'orso  ven. 
Panax  Asclepias  folio  Ferulae  tenuiore  et  Foeniculi  crassiore.    In  Creta 

Seseli  vulgo.    Sicilia  Peucedanum  vocant.  [f.  162  v. 

Perfoliata  montana  Gesneri  et  Lugdunensis  radice  perenni,  [foliis  quodam- 

modo  Limonii  seu  Pyrolae  fruticantis  Clusii  parfoliata  quasi  ca  .  .  lis 

Smyrnii,  floribus  medio  multiplicatis  itemque  et  seminibus  dense 

stipatis.]  ^ 

Perfoliata  crispa  seu  muscosa  multiplici  florum  et  foliolorum  tenuissimorum 
farctum.    Sterilis  ut  Cannabis  foem.  ex  semine  vulgari  oritur. 

^  Not  in  Camerarius,  Hort.  ined. 


36o 


ITALIAN  PLANTS 


Polyacantha,  raro  in  alterum  annum  durat. 

Pulegium  Anguillarae,  ex  Mentastro  non  multum  dissidens  foliis  rotundis 
et  gratiore  odore.  Plurimum  nascitur  Patavii  tani  extra  quam  intra 
urbis  moenia. 

Quamoclet  planta  nova  ex  India  allata,  et  Ducis  Florentiae  horto  Josepho 

de  Casa  bona.^    [=  Ipovioea  Quamodit  L.] 
Rosa  Hierichuntica  pulchre  ex  semine  nata. 

Sagapeni  planta  vulgo  dicta :  Costus  spiirius  Apuliae  Matthioli.  Saga- 
penum  in  Italia  gigni.  Plinius  autor  est  sed  in  totum  transmarino 
alienatum. 

Saxifraga  magna  Matthioli ;  alia  ab  Hyrcina  [sit  Pimpinella  saxifiaga]. 
Saxifraga  Bavarica  in  petris  nudis  musci  more  innascens,  foliolis  thymi 

sed  virentioribus  flosculo  stellato  candido  quinque  foliolis  constante, 

elegant. 

Scammonea  Antiochena  aliquot  annos  apud  nos  durat  asservata  in  fictilibus 
per  hyemem,  et  aestatis  initio  floret,  sed  semen  nunquam  absolvit. 

Scammonea  Monspeliensis  maritima.  Crescit  etiam  copiose  prope 
Tripolim  in  maritimis  ubi  incolae  vocant  Meudheudi. 

Scordium  secundum  Plinii,  Salvia  syl.  Tragi.  Scorodonia  Cordi.  Odorem 
habet  Scordii  nonnihil  Teucrii  referens. 

Scorpioides  folio  Bupleuri  i.  Dodonaei,  Thelephium  Anguillarae. 

Scrophularia  peregrina. 

Sena  Italica  apud  nos  fuit  annua  planta.  Alexandrina  ne  quidem  in  Italia 
ultra  annum  dura  ideoque  pro  frutice  haberi  nequit.  Contrahit  nocte 
folia  sicut  multa  alia  eius  generis  leguminosa. 

Sesamum  verum. 

Seseli  Aethiopicum  alterum  folia  fert  Aquilegiforme  similia  sed  nmlto 
ampliora  :  semen  aliquantulum  Cinamomum  representat  odore  et 
sapore.  ex  illustriss.  principis  Landgr.  Wilhelmi  Cassellano  horto. 

Seseli  Massiliense.  Lucas  Chinus  ^  excellens  rerum  simplicium  censor,  circa 
viginti  plantas  Seseleos  Massiliensis  descriptioni  convenientes  se 
novisse  affirmavit. 

Siler  Creticum  quo  nomine  ex  Italia  missum  foliis  Cicutae  sed  latioribus  et 

paucioribus,  semine  incurvo,  grandi,  hirsuto  et  fusco. 
Sison  interdum  ex  semine  provenit,  pro  Amomo  habetur  in  officinis. 
Solanum  somniferum. 
Sphaerocephalus  flore  albo. 

Symphitum  petraeum  Neapoli  missum  foliis  Thymi  sed  maioribus  et 
longioribus  nonnihil  hirsutis  aliquantum  sed  minus,  odoratis,  capitulis 
Thymi,  flosculis  purpurascentibus.  [f.  163 

Telephium  Matth.  flore  albicante  et  rubro.  Radice  instar  aloes  suspensa  in 
aere  crescit. 

Thalictrum   i.  Italicum  Dodonaeo  tertium. 

ii.  Germanicum  latifolium.    Dodon.  primum. 

iii.  Angustifolium. 

iv.  Parvum  Dodonaeo  quintum. 

V.  Flore  purpureo  Dodonaeo  quartum. 
vi.  Flore  albo. 

^  Joseph  de  Casa  bona,  Duke  of  Tuscany,  corresponded  with  Camerarius. 
The  Aloe  spinosa  sive  Americana  flowered  in  his  garden  in  1586,  throwing  up 
a  spike  to  a  height  of  over  12  cubits. 

^  Luca  Ghini  delivered  botanical  lectures  at  I^ologna  which  were  attended  by 
William  Turner  about  1542. 


ITALIAN  PLANTS 


Thora  Italica,  Napello  congener. 

Thymelaea  multis  locis  Italiae  in  Monte  S.  Juliani  Hetruriae  ct  per 
Apuliam. 

Thymus  verus  capitatus  seu  Creticus  in  Italia  circa  Neapolim  et  in  Sycilia 

qui  tamen  annuus  fuit. 
Trifolium  Halicacabum  sive  Vesicarium  aliis  cicer  sylvestre,  quibusdam 

etiam  satis  inepte  Dorychnium,  folia  plerumque  quaterna  vel  quina 

gerit  ut  Loto  annumerandum  videatur. 
Trifolium  hepaticum  sive  Aureum,    Hepatica  nobilis^  flore  rub.  circa 

Corbachium  ^Vestphaliae,  flore  albo  Cadelburgi  in  sylvis. 
Trinciatella  ex  Italia.     Denti  leonis  planta  similis  sed  tenerior,  foliis 

quoque  magis  crispis,  laciniatis  gustu  dulcibus,  floribus  minoribus  et 

elegantioribus,  semine  oblongo,  lato,  membranaceo,  superiore  parte 

duriusculis  aliquot  pilis  munito,  eo  ipso  anno  quo  seritur  florcs  et 

semen  producit  et  si  per  hyemem  in  fictili  servetur  etiam  in  plures 

annos  perdurat :  alioquin  radices  quae  dulces  sunt  ut  universa  planta 

primo  frigore  leduntur  et  intereunt. 
Valeriana  Alpina  multo  odoratior,  flores  enim  Citrii  pomi  odorem  referunt 

[ex  Allobrogum  montibus  ad  me  missa  a  C  L.  Medico  loanne 

Antonio  Saraceno  |. 
Verbascum  sylvestre  foliis  Salviae.     Secundum  Anguillaram  in  Italia 

provenit  apud  Marsos  ad  arcem  quandam  Pisinan  dictam  Suchamele 

incolae  vocant. 

Violae  speciem  Bysantii  coli  Costaeus  in  Mesuem  annotavit  caetera 
Martiae  similem,  sed  flore  infinitis  foliolis  constructo  et  aequante 
Rosam  Damascenam  magnitudine  et  odore  etiam  nostratis  superante. 
Huius  recentem  florem  unum  atque  alterum  prima  mensa  sumptum 
alvum  subducere  instar  recentis  rosae  Hyeronimum  Capellum 
Venetum  rerum  naturalium  peritissimum  observasse  tradit. 

[MS.  ff.  162-3. 

Andahisian  and  other  Spanish  Plants  collected  by  Boelius  and 
described  by  Goodyer. 

Guilhaume  Boel  in  the  year  1608  brought  to  Parkinson  two 
Trefoils  which  he  had  gathered  in  Spain  '  with  about  two  hundred 
other  sorts  of  seeds,  besides  divers  other  rare  plants,  dried  and  laide 
betweene  papers By  sowing  the  seeds  Parkinson  *  saw  the  faces 
of  a  great  many  excellent  plants,  but  many  came  not  to  maturitie ' 
with  him  and  most  *  by  unkindly  years  that  fell  afterwards  perished 
The  at  mm,  1108. 

Aracus  maior  Baeticus  Boelii. 
Astragalus  marinus  Lusitanicus  Boelii. 
Cattaria  tuberosa  radice  Baetica  Boelii. 
Caucalis  maior  Baetica. 

Chrysanthemum  Baeticum  Boelii  inscriptum. 

„  tenuifolium  Baeticum  Boelii. 

Convolvulus  coeruleus  minor  Baeticus. 
Faba  veterum  serratis  foliis  Boelii. 
Geranium  Baeticum  sp.  Boelii. 


362 


SPANISH  PLANTS 


Gramen  cristatum  Boelii. 

„     tremulum  maximum. 
Hieraliiim  Narbonense  falcata  siliqua  L'Obelii. 
stellatum  Boelii. 

„       medio  nigrum  flore  maior  Boelii. 

„  „         „  minore  Boelii. 

lanosum  {?). 
Jacea  capitulis  hirsutis  Boelii. 
Jacea  palustris  Baetica  Boelii. 
Lagopus  trifolius  maior  Baeticus. 
Lathyrus  aestivus  Baeticus  flore  coeruleo  Boelii. 

„      edulis  Baeticus  flore  albo  Boelii. 

„       palustris  Lusitanicus  Boelii. 

„       aestivus  dumetorum  Baeticus  Boelii. 
Legumen  pallidum  Vlissiponense  Nonii  Brandonii. 
Malva  flore  amplo  Baetica  aestiva. 
Medica  maioris  Baeticae  species  prima,  spinulis  intortis. 

„         „  „       spinosae,  species  altera. 

Nigella  elegans  ex  Hispania. 
Papaver  rhoeas  Baeticum. 
Phalaris  minor  Baetica  Boelii  semine  nigro. 

„         „  semine  albo. 

Phalaris  bulbosa  Boelii. 
Pisum  maculatum  Boelii 
Scorpioides  multiflorus  Boelii. 

„        siliqua  crassa  Boelii. 
Silibum  minus  flore  nutante  Boelii. 
Sonchus  Africanus  Boelii. 


Robert  Tezve  s  List  of  6() 

Glaux  Diosc.  Clusii 

Genuina  syl.  pasticha 

Aster  Italorum 

Chamaerododendros  mont. 

Linum  marinum  luteum 

Scabiosa  maior  satorum 

Saginae  spergula 

Chamaelinum  syl.  flo.  albo 

Eruca  nasturtio  cognata 

Thlaspi  narbonense 

Helxine    cissampelos   altera  attri- 

plicis  effigie 
Hieratium  alterum  grandius 
Condrilla  coerulea 
Origanum  hieracleoticum 
Blattaria  flo.  luteo 
Cannabis  syl.  spuria 
Nucula  terrestris 
Ranunculus  tomentosus 
Scrophularia  maior 
Pimpinella  maior  ffuchsii 
Agrioriganum 


Plants  from  Russia ^  1^32. 
Coniza  media 

Campanula  minor  rotundifolia 

Anthillis  leguminosa 

Gnaphalium  minus  montanum 

Muscus  clavatus 

Muscus  alter  clavatus  inscriptus 

Clynopodium 

Viorna 

Buphthalmon 

Gnaphalium  Anglicum  et 

Belgicum 
Cruciata  minima 
Thalictrum 

Geranium  batrachoides 
Veronica  recta  herbariorum 
Ledon  foliis  Rorismarini 
Gramen  iunceum  marit. 
Milleum 
Herba  paris 
Lysimachia  lutea 
Chamaenerion 
Coniza  helenitis 


RUSSIAN  PLANTS 


3^3 


Mellita  incana 

Astragaloides  altera  herbariorum 
Hieracium  Sabaudicum 
Veronica  mas  Matthioli 
Helleborine  seu  Epipactis 
Dentaria  altera  herbar.  , 
Alabastritis  altera 
Rubus  Idaeus 
Cicutaria  latifolia 
Coniza  maior  vera 
Aconitum  luteum  ponticum 
Carduus  pratensis  Tragi 
Barbarea 


Anagallis  aquatica 
Ranunculus  flo.  albo 
Gramen  parnassi  ' 
Gentiana  minima 
Gentianella  alpina 
Monophyllon 

Phaseolus  ex  phaseolis  diversus 

Polygonatum 

Ranunculus  min.  sept. 

Sorbus  syl. 

Ribes  nigra 

Ribes  Arabum 

Pyrola 


&  many  other  which  I  know  not  &  are  not  to  be  found  in  my  herball,  I 
will  have  their  efifigies  drawne  &  will  hereafter  send  them  you  with  their 
leaves     Russe  names  &  vertues. 


Mosco.    12  Junii  1632 

Robert  Tewe. 

150//.  p.  ann.    \2li.  lo^  a  moneth. 


[MS.  f.  I35. 


Abstract  of  Adrian  Spigelius'  Isagoges  in  rem  herbariavi^  1606. 
In  the  hand  of  Parkinson. 

Pimpinalla  ad  radicem  quadam  in  Polonia  granula  rubra  gerit  quibus  lana 
purpureo  colore  inficiuntur.    Isagogis  Spigelii.    fol.  15. 

Cachrys  pilula  est  quae  Latino  caret  nomina,  urendi  vim  habens  in 
medecina.  banc  arbores  aliquot  praeter  proprium  fructum  pariunt 
hyeme  durantem  postquam  folia  cecidere  ut  Quercus,  Abies^  Larix, 
Pinus,  Tilia,  Nux  Juglans,  Platanusque ;  sed  in  Pino  Juglande- 
que  saepius  quam-  in  aliis  arboribus  conspicitur.  Is  crescit  hyeme 
deciditque,  vere  cum  pilula  aperitur.    fol.  17. 

Lysimachia  purpurea  trifolia  Patavina  Spigelii.    fol.  12. 

Sophonia  Plinii  nonnullis  Blitum  tricolor,    fol.  24. 

Ononis  non  spinosa  Senensis  capreolos,  ut  Vicia  odore  iucundissimo. 
fol.  39. 

Hieratium  flore  purpureo.    [fol.  41.] 

Junci  odorati  caulis  rotundus  est,  foliis  alternatim  obsitus,  in  quorum  alis 
floras  continentur,  folia  Gramini  similia,  cuius  potius  est  species.  Et 
cur  Juncum  appellatur  miratur  cum  neque  caulem,  neque  folia 
Junci  habeat.    [p.  42.] 

Linum  syl.  fl:  coeruleo,  albido,  rubescente  et  luteo. 

Osiris  flores  edit  luteos  a  fronte  latiusculos,  clausosque,  os  ranae  imitantes  : 

Cauda  angusta  est  et  inflexa,  ut  Cojisolidae  regalis;  foliis  Lini,  qualia 

etiam  in  Esula  minori  conspiciuntur.    [p.  43.] 
Linaria  odorata  et  Linaria  Valentina  Clusii  quorum  folia  Lino  non  sunt 

similia  sed  flores  tantum  Linariae. 
Vrtica  foetida  seu  Galeopsis  ideo  dicta  quia  Galei  id  est  mustelae  faciem 

et  rictum  flores  quodamodo  referant. 
Blattaria  flore  rubro. 

Phlomis  a  foliorum  hirsutie  appellatur.  [MS.  f.  1 59 

[Continuation  of  MS.  (68  lines)  is  not  printed.] 


364    INDIAN,  CRETAN,  AND  ARABIAN  PLANTS 


Graecorum  Turcarinn  et  Arabiiin  appellationes. 

MS.  f.  155. 

[Abstracted  from  P.  Bellonius,  Observationes,  translated  into  Latin  by 
Clusius  and  printed  with  his  Exotica  in  1605.  A  Traveller's  list  of  Native 
names,  closely  written  by  Parkinson  on  a  folded  paper  measuring  7f  in.  x  3  in.] 

Plantartim  Cretaruin  indigenarttjnqiie  rarimi  nomina. 

[This  list  containing  about  125  names  of  plants  was  evidently  abstracted  by 
Parkinson  from  Bellonius,  Observatio?ies,  loc.  cit.^  pp.  23-5.] 
Acer.    Cistus.   Coris.   Anagyris.    Ferula.    Ilex.   Cupressus.  Tithymalus 

dendroides,  2.  hominem  alt.  Picea.    Thapsea.    Libanotis.  Pinaster. 

Seseli.    Dictamnus.    Pseudodictamnus  vulgo  Cromido  filo.  Oxyce- 

drus.    Ferula,  Artica  dicitur. 

Aristolochiae  quartum  genus  Clematitide  similis  arbores  scandens  et 
premens. 

Tria  Origani  diversa  genera.  Onitis  peculiariter  inter  scopulos.  Hera- 
cleoticum  contra  humentibus  locis  gaudet.  Sylvestre  neutrius  naturae 
particeps  circa  sepes  crescit.  ^ 

Tragacantha  non  gumnifera  in  Candia.  [MS.  f.  157. 

[Fifty  lines  omitted.  This  list  is  followed  by  lisls  of  about  20  plants  growing 
in  Lemnos  and  23  growing  on  Mount  Athos.  Both  lists  v;ere  derived  from 
Belon,  pp.  31  and  42-3.] 

Plants  of  Gallipoliy  Sinai,  and  Palestine. 

[MS.  II,  f.  158  V. 

[Practically  a  table  of  contents  of  the  plants  described  by  Belon,  very 
closely  and  neatly  written  on  the  back  of  the  paper  with  the  Cretan  List.] 

List  of  Arabian  and  Indian  Plants,  Desiderata  compiled  for  the 
guidance  of  a  Traveller  iji  the  East, 
The  first  eight  items  are  not  in  Parkinson's  handwriting. 

Per  Cayr  et  Alexandria. 

Folium  indicum  is  a  leafe  of  a  tree  &  hath  3  ribbes  in  every  leafe  it 
tasteth  somwhat  hott  like  cloves  or  spice  :  the  Arabians  in  their 
language  doe  call  it  Gadegi  Indi  &  some  doe  call  them  Famalapatra. 
The  freshest  in  coullour  &  the  quickest  in  taste  is  the  best  but 
remember  the  true  have  ribbes  onely  on  every  leafe  both  on  the 
backside  &  the  lowerside,  and  none  true  have  none. 
[Probably  a  form  of  Cinnaviomum  Zeylatiic2iin  I'reyne. ] 

Costus  is  a  certaine  whitish  roote  that  tasteth  very  hott     somewhatt  bitter 
withall.    The  Arabians  call  it  Cost  or  Cast  &  some  of  them  Costi. 
If  it  be  fresh  it  will  smell  very  sweete.    At  Guzarate  it  is  called  Vylot 
&  in  some  places  Pucho. 
[Root  of  Aiuklandia  Cosius.'] 


ARABIAN  PLANTS 


Amomum  is  a  certaine  fruite  that  is  clustering  together  having  about  7  or 
8  or  10  berryes  on  a  stalke,  every  berry  somewhat  Hke  a  greate  grape 
but  whitish  or  yellowish  &  is  skinnye  on  the  outside  &  conteyneth 
divers  browne  seedes  within  them  that  smell  very  hott  &  are  very 
sharpe  biting  the  tongue.    The  Arabians  call  it  Amana. 

[One  of  the  many  kinds  of  Cardamons.    Clusius  received  Aniomiim  Carda- 
inonum  L.,  in  1605.] 

Calamus  gromaticus  is  a  certaine  drogue  not  very  well  knowen  to  us 
&  therefore  can  give  no  true  description,  yet  we  understand  it  is  to  be 
had  in  those  East  partes  :  we  would  faine  see  the  true.  The  Arabians 
call  it  Cassabalderira. 

lAcorus  calamus  L.,  received  by  Clusius  in  Western  Europe  in  1574  ] 

Squinant  is  a  certaine  small  rushe  that  tasteth  hott  like  spice  :  the  whole 
countrye  of  Arabia  aboundeth  as  plentifully  with  it  as  other  countryes 
with  grasse  &  rushes.  The  Arabians  call  it  Adhar  &  Adher.  The 
smaller  &  finer  the  rushes  are,  the  hotter  in  taste  &  the  better  :  the 
greater  rushes  are  courser. 

[Herba  Schoenanthi  vel  S'quinanthi  from  Amiropogon  laniger  Desf.J 

Acacia  is  the  iuyce  of  the  fruite  of  a  tree  called  Akakia  growing  in  Egypt 
&  Arabia,  thickened  &  made  into  small  cakes  very  astringent  &  bind- 
ing in  tast.  There  is  also  a  fine  small  white  gum  that  is  taken  from 
the  same  tree  Akakia  wherof  we  would  fayne  have  some.  The  fruite 
of  the  tree  are  certaine  codds  wherwath  they  use  &  dresse  lether  in 
Egypt.  We  wold  faine  have  store  of  those  codds  which  are  like 
beane  codds  to  be  sent  unto  us  also. 

•[Gum  of  Acacia  arabica  was  known  in  17th  cent.  B.C.  and  is  mentioned  by 
Theophrastus,  Dioscorides,  and  Pliny.] 

Ameos  is  a  small  seed  smaller  than  persly  seede  &  tasteth  somwhat  hott, 
it  is  called  Ameos  I  thinck  every  where. 

[This  is  doubtless  the  species  described  as  Amini  parvum  foliis  foeniculi  (Park. 
Theatrum,  912)  =  Cartim  amnioides  B.  &  IL] 

Balsamum  is  a  whitish  oyle  thin  &  cleere  that  cometh  from  Megha  &  other 
places  in  Arabia  gathered  distilling  from  a  tree  there  growing  which 
they  call  Balessan  of  a  sweete  &  sharpe  sent  somwhat  like  Turpintine 
but  thiner  &  whiter,  &  if  a  droppe  be  put  upon  water  it  spreadeth  on 
the  toppe  of  the  water  like  common  oyle,  &  wil  be  whitish  if  it  be 
gathered  togetb.er  from  off  the  water  with  a  little  stick  or  other 
thinge. 

The  berryes  of  the  tree  likewise  we  wold  have  some  store  they  are 
brownish  round  berryes  with  a  sharpe  pointe  or  end  &  smell  somwhat 
stronge  like  the  oyle. 
The  small  sprigges  &  branches  of  the  same  tree  Balessan  likewise  we 
want  with  smell  of  the  oyle,  if  they  be  fresh  are  of  a  darke  browne 
collour  on  the  outside  &  are  a  little  gumye  &  will  stick  to  ones  fingers 
espetially  if  they  be  fresh  and  new. 
\Balsa7n0dendr0n  GileadejiseJ] 

The  7'emainder  of  the  items  were  written  by  Parkinson  hijnself. 
Gate  so  called  of  most  both  Indians,  Arabians  and  Persians  is  a  thick 
blackish  substance  allmost  like  Opium  but  a  little  harsh  or  astringent 
and  bitter  withall.  The  tree  is  full  of  thornes  and  is  called  by  the 
Indians  Hacchhic  &  we  call  it  Lycium  :  we  would  faine  have  some 
of  the  beryes  or  fruite  that  growe  upon  this  tree. 

[Perhaps  the  Zj'if/Mw  of  Dioscorides  prepared  from  Indian  species  oi  Berber  is  ^ 
Parkinson  spells  the  worLi  Hattych]. 


366 


INDIAN  AND  ARABIAN  PLANTS 


Sandal  of  the  Arabians  &  Chandama  of  the  Indians  is  that  wood  called 
Saunders  white  and  yellow. 

[In  1635  the  duty  levied  on  the  wood  of  Santalum  album  L. ,  was  is.  per  lb.  oa 
the  white,  and  2s.  per  lb.  on  the  yellow.] 

Caxcax  is  the  greate  heade  of  a  Poppy  that  will  hold  a  pinte  of  liquor. 
\^Papaver  so)nniferiim  L.] 

Imgu  &  Imgara  of  the  Indians  is  a  kinde  of  Gum  or  iuice  &  is  called  of 
the  Arabians  Altiht  &  Antit :  the  plante  from  whence  this  iuice  is 
taken  is  called  Anguiden  &  Angeidan  &  in  the  Latine  tonge  Laser. 
If  it  were  possible  to  gett  some  seede  of  the  plante  which  is  broade 
&  flatt  almost  like  unto  a  short  rounde  wing  of  a  bird. 

\_FeriiIa  asafoetida.    Description  taken  from  Garcias,  Park.  Theatrnm,  1569.] 

Calambac  of  the  Indians  of  Malacca  is  the  best  Lignum  Aloes  :  and  Garro 
is  the  worst.  The  Arabians  call  this  last,  which  is  the  worser, 
Aquilage  &  Haind. 

[The  best  Aloes  wood,  for  use  as  incense,  comes  from  Aquilaria  Agallocha,  Roxb. 
Garo  de  Malaca  is  A.  ovata.  '  Selectissimi  fragmenta*  of  this  wood  were  seen 
by  Clusius  in  England  in  1581  in  the  collections  of  Hugh  Morgan  and  James 
Caret.] 

[MS.  f.  165. 

List  of  Indiaii  and  Arabian^  &c.,  iianies  of  Plants^  and  Vegetable 
Products  of  Economic  Value. 

Aloes,  the  Arabs  &  Turks  call  Cebar.     p.  149.^    Opium.    Caphura  or 

Camphora.    p.  160. 
Lacca  called  Luc  Sumutri  of  the  Indians  of  Pegu  &  Martaban  that  doe 

not  use  the  Arabian  wordes  Luc.    It  is  called  Tree.    p.  158. 
Tabaxir  is  a  drogue  unknowen  to  us  :  it  is  like  a  graye  gum  or  blackish 

sugar,    p.  164. 
Sambarane  is  a  wood  like  unto  Saunders,    p.  174. 
Macra  is  the  barke  of  the  rootes  of  a  tree.     p.  264. 
Coru,  Cura,  &  Curodapala  is  all  but  one  thing. 

Pavate  in  Malabar,  of  the  Portug.  Arbol  contra  las  erisipolas.    p.  266. 
Cubebe  be  berryes.    p.  184.    Araca  is  a  fruite.    p.  189. 
Cocos  be  greate  nuts  as  big  as  a  childes  heade.    p.  191. 
There  be  5  sortes  of  Myrobalanes  called  after  this  manner  by  the  Indians. 
Aritiqui  be  those  we  call  Citrini,  some  call  them  Arare.    p.  194: 

S^Tcrminalia  citrina.'\ 

Anuale  we  call  Emblici.    These  2  sortes  are  espetially  these  we  gladly 
would  have  ayther  yong  trees  if  it  were  possible  or  els  the  stones  of  the 
fruite  as  fresh  as  maye  be  brought. 
S^Evtblica  officinalis.'^^ 

Rezanuale  are  called  with  us  Indi  Gotin  be  Bellerici.    Aratca  be 
Chebuli. 

I'/'erminalia  chebulica.'] 

Garcias  ab  Orta  doth  call  them  Canarini  which  inhabit  those  sea  coasts 
of  Decan  and  Guzarate  (aunciently  called  Gadrosia),  lib.  1.  cap.  2. 
Tamarinde  is  a  sowre  pulpe  of  a  fruite.    p.  196. 

Anacardii  be  certaine  big  beanes  black  and  fashioned  somwhat  like  an 
harte.    p.  272. 

*  The  page  numbers  refer  to  Clusius'  Exotica^  1605. 


INDIAN  AND  ARABIAN  PLANTS 


3^7 


Spica  Nardil,    p.  273.    Nardus  Indica. 
Costus.  Ambargrise.  Meske. 

Rhabarbarum,  we  call  it  Rubarbe,  a  purging  roote.    p.  274. 
Radix  China  the  Chineses  call  it  Lampatan.    The  Turkes,  Persians  & 
Arabians  Chophehma. 
[Smt'/ax  Chifta,  L.] 

Curcum  of  the  Arabians  &  Saroth  of  the  Turkes  is  that  we  call  heare 
Turmerick. 

\^Ciircni)ia  hiiga,  L.] 

Galanga  is  of  2  sortes,  one  is  a  small  reddish  roote  hott  in  tast  &  is  called 
of  the  Chineses  Lavandou.  The  other  is  a  farre  greater  roote  blackish 
on  the  outside  &  white  within.  The  Indians  call  it  Calcharu  the 
Arabians  call  it  Calvegian.    They  of  Java  Lancuare.    Park.  p.  1585. 

Moringa  is  a  tree  &  the  fruite  of  the  same  is  so  called  also,  but  the  Turkes 
&  Arabians  call  it  Morian,  they  at  Guzarate  Turiaa :  the  roote  of  this 
tree  is  a  singular  remedy  against  poysons.  Park.  1650. 

Bezoar  is  a  stone  of  greate  valew  if  it  be  true  &  naturall  &  not  artificiall  as 
a  greate  many  are  that  are  brought  fro  thence. 

Negundo  is  a  small  berrye  like  pepper  :  the  Turkes,  Arabians  &  Persians 
call  it  Bache. 

Jaca  or  Panax  is  a  fruite  as  big  as  a  pompion  set  with  thick  shorte  thornes 
but  not  pricking.  P.  1639. 

Durione  or  Duriaen  the  fruite  is  as  big  as  the  Jaca  &  hath  sharpe  thornes 
on  the  rinde  of  it  very  dangerous  to  touch  :  it  hath  divers  stones" 
within  it  like  unto  Peache  stones.  P.  1640. 

Mangas  is  called  of  the  Turks  &  Arabians  Amba  &  is  a  delicate  fruite. 
Another  kinde  herof  called  Mangas  bravas  is  a  most  strong  &  violent 
poyson.  P.  1 63 1. 

Ananas  is  a  deHcate  fruite  like  the  heade  of  an  Hartichoke  the  Portugals 
&  Spaniards  call  it  Pinas. 

Carcapuli  is  like  an  Orenge  when  the  red  outer  side  is  taken  awaye  &  the 
meate  w^^iin  somwhat  like,  but  will  not  be  separate  in  y*  manner. 

Carambolas  the  fruite  is  of  the  bignes  of  an  hens  egg  or  bigger,  yellow  on 
the  outside  with  fowre  ribs  on  the  outside  :  in  the  middle  it  hath 
seedes  that  are  of  a  sowre  or  sharpe  tast  yet  pleasant. 

Jamboli  of  the  Indians  &  Tupha  Indi  of  the  Arabians  &  Persians,  is  a  most 
excellent  fruite  well  smelling  &  of  a  pleasant  taste  of  the  bignes  of 
a  greate  peare :  there  are  herof  2  sortes  one  is  of  a  darke  red  collour 
allmost  black  &  for  the  most  parte  is  without  kernell,  the  other  is  of 
a  pale  red  collour  &  conteineth  a  hard  white  stone  of  the  bignes 
of  a  peache  stone.  It  beareth  fruite  divers  tymes  in  a  yeare  &  is 
never  without  flowers  &  fruite. 

Ambares  is  a  fruite  as  big  as  a  wallnut  and  of  sowre  yet  somwhat  tarte  & 
pleasant  when  it  is  thorough  ripe  it  hath  within  a  hard  gristly  kernell. 

Bangue  is  a  smaller  seede  then  Hempeseed  &  of  a  darker  collour. 

Pinones  de  Maluco  so  called  of  the  Portugalls. 

Charameis  the  Arabians,  Persians,  &  Turkes  call  it  Ambela.    They  are  of 

2  sortes,  one  is  of  the  bignes  of  an  haselnutt  with  ringing  corners, 

of  a  pleasant  sowre  tast.    The  other  is  bigger. 
Brungara  aradua  is  otherwise  called  the  Herbe  of  Maluca  &  is  an  excellente 

herbe  to  make  salves  to  heale  any  sore.    We  wold  faine  have  the 

seedes  of  it. 


368 


BERMUDAN  PLANTS 


Tamalapatra  be  certaine  leaves  of  greate  use  in  Phisick  wch  the  Arabians 
call  Cadegi  Indi  &  are  like  unto  Pomecitron  leaves  but  narrower 
towarde  the  end  wth  three  ribs  only  running  along  the  leafe  &  doe 
somwhat  smell  like  cloves.  [MS.  fol.  i6o. 

[MS.  continues  with  several  items  included  in  the  list  onf.  165,  printed 
above.  The  descriptions  of  the  last  ten  items  agree  closely  with  those 
in  Parkinson's  Theatrmn  and  with  those  added  by  him  to  the  last 
document]. 

List  of  Plants  growing  in  the  Bermudas. 
In  the  handwriting  of  Parkinson. 
The  poisoned  weede  is  like  our  English  Ivie,  being  touched  causeth 
rednes  itching  &  lastly  blisters  wcl»  after  a  while  passe  awaye  without  further 
harme.  toxicodejidron.'] 

The  red  weede  a  tall  plant  whose  stalke  being  all  over  covered  with 
a  red  rinde  therupon  termed  the  red  weede,  the  roote  wherof  being 
soked  in  any  licour  or  a  small  quantitye  of  the  iuice  druncke  procureth 
a  very  forcible  vomitt  &  is  generally  used  of  the  people  &  found  very 
effectuall  for  the  paines  &  distemper  of  the  stomach. 

The  j)urging  beane  is  a  kinde  of  Woodbinde  very  cornonly  growing  by 
the  seaside  &  rufieth  upon  trees  twining  like  a  Vine :  the  fruite  somewhat 
resembleth  a  beane  but  somwhat  flatter,  the  which  anyway  eaten  worketh 
excellently  in  the  nature  of  a  purge  but  very  vehemently  yet  without  any 
perill. 

The  Costive  tree  is  a  small  tree. 

Another  plante  like  a  Bramble  bushe  which  beareth  a  long  yellowe 
fruite  whose  shell  is  very  harde  &  within  it  a  hard  berrye  that  beaten  & 
taken  inwardly  purgeth  gentlye. 

Red  pepper  a  fruite  like  our  Barberies  whose  taste  is  terrible  hot  for  the 
tyme  if  it  be  chewed  betweene  the  teeth,  &  therefore  it  is  swallowed  downe 
whole  &  is  founde  to  be  of  the  same  operation  with  red  pepper  &  thence 
borrowed  the  name. 

\Capsicii7n  sp.] 

In  the  bottome  of  the  Sea  upon  the  Rocks  there  is  found  growing 
a  large  kinde  of  plante  in  the  forme  of  a  Vine  leafe  but  farre  more  spreade 
with  veines  of  a  pale  red  colour  very  strangely  interlaced  one  into  another 
which  they  call  the  Feather  whose  vertue  is  altogether  unknowne. 

There  are  since  their  plantation  nourished  white  red  &  yellowe  Potatos 
Pineapples,  Papaws,  Plantains,  the  America  breade,  the  Cassado  roote,  the 
Indian  Pumpion,  Water  Melon,  Indices  etc. 

Cassado  a  roote  of  a  wonderfull  encrease  &  maketh  very  good  white 
breade  but  the  iuice  rank  poison,  yet  boiled  is  better  than  wine. 
\_Manihot  zctilissima.'] 

Pineapples  neare  as  big  as  Artichokes,  the  most  daintye  tast  of  any 
fruite.    Apples,  Prickly  Pears  &  Pease,  all  differing  from  ours. 

A  Pepper  groweth  in  a  little  red  huske  as  big  as  a  Wallnutt  4  inches  long 
&  small  cods. 

Twoo  sortes  of  Cotton :  the  silke  Cotton  as  in  the  East  Indies  groweth 
upon  a  small  stalke  as  good  for  beds  as  downe  :  the  other  upon  a  shrub 
&  beareth  a  cod  bigger  then  a  Wallnutt,  full  of  Cotton  wooll. 

Locus  tree,  hard  timber,  2  or  3  fadome  about,  of  a  greate  height  beareth 
a  cod  full  of  meale  will  make  breade  in  necessitye. 
l^Hymenaea  conrbaril.'] 


BERMUDAN  PLANTS 


Sope  berries  like  a  Musket  bullet  that  washe  as  white  as  sope  &  goode 
to  eate :  in  the  middle  of  the  roote  is  a  thinge  like  a  Sedge,  a  very  good 
fruite  :  we  call  them  Pengromes. 
[^Sapi)idus.'] 

A  Pappaw  is  as  greate  as  an  apple,  coloured  like  an  Orrange  &  good  to 
eate. 

[^Carica  papaya.'] 

A  small  hard  nutt  like  a  hasell  nutt  groweth  close  to  the  grounde  &  is 
like  that  groweth  on  ye  Palmetas  :  we  call  them  Mucca  nuts. 

A  greate  tree  whose  leaves  are  used  to  make  a  Mustarde. 

The  Mancinell  tree  the  fruite  is  poyson,  it  is  an  apple  of  a  most  pleasant 
sweate  smell  of  the  bignes  of  a  Crab  :  the  Swine  &  birds  eschewe  to 
eate  of  them. 

[  H ippomane  mancinella . ] 

A  tree  like  a  Pine  beareth  a  fruite  so  greate  as  a  Muske  Melon  :  hath 
alwayes  ripe  fruite  flowers  &  greene  fruite  which  will  refresh  2  or  3  men 
very  comfortably. 

Plum  trees  many,  the  fruite  greate  &  yellowe,  which  but  strained  into 
water  will  in  24  houres  make  very  good  drincke. 
Wild  figge  trees  the  fruite  feede  the  hogs  etc. 

The  Gwane  tree  beareth  a  fruite  so  bigge  as  a  Peare,  good  &  wholsome» 
Palmetos  of  3  severall  sortes. 

\_Chamaer ops  glabra^  C.  excelsa?^ 

Cedar  trees  tall  &  greate. 

[The  Pencil  Ctdox,  /uniperus  Bermudiana.'] 

Fustick  trees  the  wood  yellow,  good  for  dying. 
\_Maclura  tinctorial 

Anotto. 

\_Bixa  Orellana.'\ 

[MS.  f.  167. 

[This  list,  both  in  the  order  of  the  plants  and  in  the  wording  of  the  descriptions, 
so  closely  resembles  Parkinson's  list  of  Bermudan  plants  printed  in  1640  at  the 
end  of  his  Theatrimi  Botanicmn^  p.  167 1,  that  it  is  probable  that  the  printed 
version  was  taken  from  this  copy  in  an  abbreviated  form.] 

List  of  Nuts,  Fruits,  and  Seeds,  desiderata  '  To  have  from 
Virginia,  New  England  etcJ 

Ciprasse  nuttes  or  young  trees. 

The  ripe  Ackornes  of  their  White  Oake  or  red  scarlet  Oake  &  Black 
Oake. 

Black  &  White  Walnutt  &  a  greate  one. 

Cedars  the  berryes  &  the  leaves,  to  see  of  what  kinde  they  be. 
Firre  &  Pine  trees  young  &  their  apples. 

Grapes  white  &  red  &  a  smaller  black  Grape  growing  in  the  Islandes, 

some  ripe  &  sweeter. 
Cherryes  in  clusters  like  grapes  but  not  so  good. 
Black  &  Yellowe  Plumes  as  big  as  a  Damson. 

White  Thorne  berryes  are  as  big  as  English  Cherryes  &  esteemed  better 
than  Cherryes. 

B  b 


370 


VIRGINIAN  PLANTS 


A  white  Poplar  tree  with  greate  leaves  broade  pointed. 
Sassafras  trees  young  &  the  berryes. 

The  Cassado  roote  or  Jocka,  Hiucca  ?.    Sarsaparilla,  all  the  sortes. 

The  Maracoc  Apples. 

The  Maye  Apples  or  seedes. 

The  Snake-roote  freshe  plantes  &  seede. 

Virginia  Lentills. 

Divers  sortes  of  Lillias. 

Maidenhaire. 

Penni  marva  is  Silke  grasse. 

Musquaspen  a  small  roote  of  a  fingers  bignes  as  red  as  blood  wherew*^ 

they  dye  their  mattes. 
Poconas  is  a  small  roote  in  the  mountaines  which  they  use  for  swellinges 

and  so  painte  their  faces. 
A  small  lowe  tree  whose  white  flower  is  like  a  small  hedge  Honysuckle. 
Puchuming  are  plumes  sweete  like  dates. 
Red  flat  cods  of  a  tree  whose  red  flowers  they  use  for  salletts. 
Arbor  Judae. 

The  Locus  tree  the  cods  w^b  seede. 
Checinquamins  are  small  Chesnuttes. 
A  plante  that  beares  a  Scarlet  flower. 
Flower  de  luces.    Lillyes.  Colombines. 

Or  any  other  herbe  or  seede  growing  there  allthough  you  thinck  we  have 

the  same  in  England  for  we  finde  most  thinges  to  diffarr. 
[Lentills  of  that  countrye.] 

[MS.  f.  20. 

List  of  Seeds  imported  from  Virginia^  1636. 
Virginia  seeds  rec^  from  Mr.  Morrice^  18  March  1636. 

1.  A  scarlet  flower  requiring  a  moist  ground.    Cardinalis  forte. 

2.  A  yellow  wood  called  Locust  long  flat  blackish  browne  pods,  black 

round  flatt  seede  kidney  like. 
{Robinia  pseudacacia.'] 

3.  A  poisonous  berrye  black  rugged  round  berry  with  blackish  seede 

straked  like  a  tick. 

4.  Arbor  Judae  forte  thin  flat  browne  cods  with  somewhat  flat  round 

shining  browne  seede.    Sent  for  a  tree  whose  gredeline  (?)  flower 
is  an  excellent  sallat. 
\Cercis  canadensis.'\ 

5.  A  black  round  rugged  berry  like  large  peper  cornes  with  3  square 

black  shining  seeds  sent  for  a  running  vine  y*  bears  no  flowers. 

^  Who  Mr.  Morrice  may  have  been,  we  do  not  know.  A  Richard  Morrice 
was  Master  of  the  Barber  Surgeons  Company  in  1634.  But  there  was  also 
a  lohannes  Mauritius  or  John  Morris,  a  friend  of  Parkinson,  who  extolled  the 
excellencies  of  the  Theatrum  Botaniciun,  and  the  worth  of  its  author,  in  three 
pages  of  eloges,  in  two  languages.  Two  of  his  lines  lend  colour  to  our  suggestion 
that  he  was  interested  in- Virginian  plants.  Morris  addresses  Parkinson  with 
the  words 

.  .  .  neither  dost  thou  spare 
T'  insert  whatsoere  the  other  world  doth  beare. 
A  remark  which  would  come  naturally  from  a  poetaster  who  had  also  given 
Parkinson  seeds  of  plants  from  the  New  World. 


VIRGINIAN  PLANTS 


371 


6.  Nux  vesicaria  forte  brownish  bladders  w^-h  ij  round  pale  coloured 

shining  seeds  like  ours  but  farre  lesse.  Found  on  small  trees 
in  the  woods. 

[?  Staphylea  trifo/iata.'] 

7.  Euonymus  forte  growing  on  a  dogwood  tree  :  a  reddish  great  seed 

vvth  huskes  like  it. 

8.  A  kind  of  Hawes  much  eaten  by  the  Indians  blackish  flat  kernells 

like  the  Pishamin  :  w^^in  black  shining  thin  huskes  with  little  or 
no  pulpe. 

9.  Virginia  silke  growing  in  a  long  white  thick  cod  :  flat  browne  seede  with 

silken  dowe  Periploca  forte. 

10.  Palma  christi  brought  thether  &  thrives  well. 

\_Kicinus  convnunis.'] 

11.  Maye  Apple  seede  a  blackish  browne  seede  lesse  than  Stramonium, 

the  flower  white  &  the  fruit  much  eaten  by  them. 

12.  The  greate  Snake  roote  small  long  yellowish  seed  like  Langdebeefe 

but  scalye  &  downy  among,  being  greene  it  hath  a  milke  more 
bitter  than  aloes. 

[In  the  Morisonian  Herbarium  at  Oxford  is  *  The  great  Rattle  Snake  root  of 
Virginia,  a  rare  Cordial),  Mr.  Willis  1676 It  is  Asartiin  virginicuin  L.] 

13.  A  kinde  of  Persicaria  but  higher  by  much  then  ours,  a  brownish 

black  .  .  .  flattish  seed  in  whitish  skin,  huskes  or  skins. 

14.  A  kinde  of  double  Yarrowe. 

15.  Found  in  the  woods.    A  pale  browne  pointed  berrye  set  in  a  fine 

long-leaved  huske  like  Guaiacana  &  3  or  4  halfe  round  crested 
or  straked  kernells  or  skin. 

16.  The  berrye  of  a  plante  whose  juice  is  good  red  incke.  Solanum 

Virginianum  sorte. 

17.  Seede  of  the  herbe  Carales,  so  called  fro  a  Captain  that  said  it  was 

much  eaten  in  East  India  &  in  a  tyme  of  scarsitye  there  also : 
a  small  black  shining  seade  like  Amaranthus  purpureus,  not 
Milium  nigrum. 

18.  Small  Snake  roote  seede.  7. 

19.  K  duskye  roundish  forme  or  solid  graine  as  big  as  the  heade  of 

Scrophularia,  with  a  white  kernell  in  it :  common  in  the  woods. 

20.  A  long  duskye  gray  pod  small  at  the  lower  ende  &  bigger  round 

&  crooked  pointed  at  the  other  opening  in  2  partes  with  one 
rugged  brownish  pease  there  lying  &  the  shewe  of  another  at 
the  bottome,  but  emptye.  Found  on  small  lowe  imbracing 
vines. 

2 1 .  Virginia  Lentills  small  short  blackish  thin  cods  somwhat  thick  on  both 

edges  or  sides  &  much  smaller  black  lentill-like  seede  within. 

22.  Water  melons  flat  darck  graye  seede  like  Citrulls. 

23.  Red  water  melons  flat  darck  graye  seade  like  unto  the  other  but 

a  little  longer  pointed. 

24.  Stramonium  forte :  it  came  without  name. 

[MS.  f.  21. 


B  b  2 


APPENDIX 


GOODYER'S  MISCELLANEOUS  PAPERS 

Goodyer's  miscellaneous  papers  and  letters  have  recently  been 
sorted  out  and  bound  up  in  one  folio  volume  (GOODYER  MS.  ii). 
They  include : 

1.  Descriptions  of  new  or  rare plmits,  mostly  written  on  fif.  81-146, 
including  many  rough  drafts  of  descriptions  scribbled  on  the  backs 
of  other  papers.    See  pages  109  to  193  of  the  present  volume. 

2.  Notes  of  Botanical  Excursions^  16 17-1658. 

Goodyer  rarely  allowed  a  summer  to  pass  without  an  excursion  to  some  part 
of  south  Hampshire,  Southampton,  the  sea-shore  at  Hayling,  or  the  New  Forest. 
There  is  evidence  of  journeys  to  Essex  in  1616,  1620,  1621  ;  London,  1617, 
1628,  1654;  Wiltshire,  1618,  1624;  Oxford,  1622;  Northamptonshire,  1625; 
Surrey,  1634 ;  and  Bath,  1638. 

3.  Lists  of  Garden  Plants. 

4.  Lists  of  Exotic  Plants. 

5.  Lists  of  Medicinal  Plants  and  Materia  Medic  a. 

6.  Sundry  Medical  Prescriptions. 

7.  Lists  of  Books. 

8.  Letters  addressed  to  GoODYER  and  drafts  of  letters  written 
by  him. 

1618.  Nov.  7.  G.  at  the  Red  Lion  in  Fleet  Street  to  some  person  believed  to 
be  Coys,  describing  the  botanical  results  of  his  excursion 
in  Wiltshire,    p.  29. 

On  back.  Addresses  of  Nicholas  Everenden,  Sedles- 
combe,  Samuel  Shute,  Thomas  Coltherste  at  the  albus 
Lion  in  Deanside. 

Last  poem  by  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  'Even  such  is 
time  .  .  .'    p.  32. 

n.  d.  GOODIER  to  person  unknown.  Concerning  payment  for  Canary 

Wine  on  back  of  a  Terrier  of  Durford  Priory,    p.  9. 

1621.  Nov.  9.  Laurence  Davis  to  John  GooDiER  at  Droxford.  Concern- 
ing gold  weights  sent  by  Maye  the  carrier,    p.  48. 

1631.    July  13.    Griffith  Hinton  to  John  Goodyear  at  Maple  Derham. 

Concerning  the  Bishop  of  Winchester,    p.  56. 

1631.  Nov.  15.  Griffith  Hinton  to  John  Goodyear  at  the  sygne  of  the 
Angell  neer  Denmark  House  in  the  Strand.  Concerning 
fruit  trees,    p.  58. 

1631.    Jan.  16.     G.  communicating  a  list  of  plants  indigenous  in  France  to 
a  traveller,    p.  39. 
„  G.  to  Mr.  Wray  enclosing  the  above,    p.  60. 


MISCELLANEOUS  PAPERS 


373 


1632.    June         Robert  Tewe  in  Moscow  communicating  list  of  Russian 
plants,    p.  362. 

1634.    June  24.    G.  to  Mr.  Worlidge  about  date  of  Surrey  Assizes,    p.  73. 

9.  Other  letters. 

n.  d.         John  Parkinson  to  the  worthy  gentlewoman  Mrs.  Geeres. 

Scribbled  over  and  almost  indecipherable,    p.  266. 
n.  d.  [Dr.  Morison]  to  Dr.  V.  How,  asking  for  plants,  of  which 

he  gives  a  list.    p.  355. 
n.  d.         Dr.  Argent  to  Lobel.   p,  252. 
n.  d.         J.  DE  Monnel  to  Lobel.    p.  252. 

J  o.  Miscellaneous  Papers. 

Of  the  Tenth  mony  due  at  Christmas  1608  received  by 
Edward  Cole  ajtd  left  with  Roger  Cole- 


Thomas  Hull  received  to  my  Lord's  use  the  22  of  January  1608  iiij'i 

Mr.  Myers  received  the  v'^  of  January  1608  to  my  Ls  use  xxxiijli 

Thomas  Hull  received  more  upon  my  Lords  noate  15  Feb^'y  1608  iiij^i 

Edward  Cole  hath  payd  to  my  Lord  in  money  the  29  of  Aprill  1609  Ixx^^ 

Sum  cxj^i  of  Tenth 
Of  the  sixth  payment  of  the  subsedy  due  the  xxvj*^  day 
of  March  1909  {stc)  &.  by  him  received  in  Swod. 

Edward  Cole  hath  payd  to  my  Lord  in  mony  Ixx^i 


[MS.  f.  127. 

Summons  to  John  Rowland,  Tithing-man  of  Ropley.  1614. 
Southt. 

Theis  are  in  his  ma*y  name  to  will  and  require  you  that  ye  uppon  the  receipt 
hereof  you  repaireunto  me  at  Bishopps  Waltham,  or  to  some  other  of  hismajties 
Justices  of  the  peace  within  this  Countie  neare  adjoyninge  to  take  you  Corporall 
oth  for  the  dewe  Execution  &  performance  of  the  office  of  Tithingman-shippe 
for  the  Tithinge  of  Roplie,  And  hereof  I  require  you  not  to  fayle  at  your  perrill 
dated  at  Newe  Alresford  under  my  hand  and  seale  the  xxiii  of  September  1614. 

To  John  Rowland  of  Roplie 
deliver  thcis. 

[MS.  f.  3. 

On  back 

[Description  of  a  tree  bearing  Cachryes,  p.  175.] 

Terrier  of  Dnrford  Monastery, 

Domum  et  Scitum  omp  monasterii  de  Durford  cum  ptinent,  videlt  duo  prata, 
cont.  p.  estimac.  quinq.  acr.  quorum  uii  vocat.  le  mill  meade  &  alterum  vocat. 
le  kechyn  meade  ;  duo  alia  prata  sine  clausa  vocat  Smithes  meadowes,  cont.  p. 
estimac.  octo  acras,  un.  aliud  pratum  sine  clausa  vocat.  le  wish  meade  at  le  wash 
meade  cont.  p.  estimac.  viginti  acr. ;  uh  clausu  pasture  vocat.  le  Brydgfield  cont. 
p.  estimac.  duodecim  acr. ;  uii  aliud  clausii  pasture  vocat.  le  Smithfield  contin. 
p.  estimac.  duodecim  acr.,  uh  aliud  clausii  pasture  vocat.  le  Rye  cont.  p.  estim. 
sex  acr.,  uii  aliud  clausu  terre  pastur  vocat.  le  Conduit  field  cont.  p.  estim. 
viginti  quinq.  acr.,  uii  aliud  clausu  terr.  vocat.  le  North  field  cont.  p.  estim.  trigint. 
quinq.  acr.,  tria  crofta  sine  terre  pasture  vocat.  le  Chapell  Croftes  cont.  p.  estim. 
triginta  acr.,  duos  campos  vocat.  le  Rydgfields  cont.  p.  estim.  trigint.  acr.,  duo 
alia  crofta  terre  past,  vocat.  Robyns  fields  cont.  p-  estimac.  duodecim  acr.  Ac 
tota  ilia  terre  Vastr.  Bruera  et  rampua  in  Durford  Hethe  et  Westherting  Hethe, 
cont.  p.  estim.  ducent.  acr. ;  uh  mesuagium  sive  Tenementum  vocat.  Hethe 
Howse  in  Petersf.  in  Com.  Sowtht,  dcto  monasterio  spectaii.  cont.  p.  estim. 
centum  acras. 


374 


GOODYER 


Summary. 


Acres. 

c 

Myll  mea.de  &  Kichin  niea.de. 

8 

Smith's  medowes. 

20 

Wash  meade. 

12 

Brydg  field. 

3 

Calfes  lease. 

20 

Dame  Annys. 

12 

Smythfield. 

6 

le  Rie. 

25 

Conduit  field. 

35 

30 

30 

12 

200 

100 

[5^ 

2  prata 
I  " 

1  clausiim 

2  „ 

I  V 

I  „ 


North  field 
Chapell  Croftes 
Rydg  fields 
Robyns  fields 

Durford  Hethe  &  West- 

herting  hethe 
Hethehowse 

Total 

[MS.  f.  6. 

[Dureford  Abbey  was  a  small  house  of  Premonstratensian  canons  founded  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  II,  and  suppressed  in  1536.  Its  last  days  were  passed  in  great  poverty,  the 
buildings  were  in  ruins,  the  canons  reduced  in  number.  Layton,  in  a  letter  to  Cromwell, 
describes  the  poverty  of  Dureford,  'which  might  better  be  called  Dirteforde — the  poorest 
abbey  I  have  seen,  as  this  bearer,  the  abbot,  can  tell  you — far  in  debt  and  in  great  decay. 
This  young  man,  for  his  time,  has  done  well,  and  I  have  licensed  him  to  repair  to  you  for 
the  liberty  of  himself  and  his  brethren'.^ 

A  seal  of  the  Abbey  is  in  the  possession  of  Magdalen  College.] 


Draft  receipt  for  £2^0  received  by  W,  Inkferbie  &  Richard  Bell 
from  Sir  T.  Bilson.    1620.    hi  Goodyers  handivriting. 

Mem.  that  the  xv^^  day  of  No:  we  y®  within  mentioned  W  Inkferbie  &  Ric 
Bell  have  had  and  receaved  of  y^  within-mentioned  S^  Tho.  Bilson  Knight  the 
within-mentioned  some  of  250^  of  lawfull  Eng.  money  at  his  mansion  house 
called  Westmapledurham  in  the  Countie  of  South  by  virtue  of  y®  within- 
mentioned  power  given  us  by  our  mother  in  law  Philipp  Bynwyn  als  Benwyn, 
and  have  delivered  upp  the  within-mentioned  deed  according  to  y*^  said  power 
within  given  us  to  the  said  Sir  Th.  Bilson  Knight :  In  witness  whereof  we  here 
unto  sett  our  hands,     receaved  the  said  250^  and  d[eliver]ed  in  ye  presence  of 

\\  ch  I  have  sent 

[11  Januarij  1620.]  [MS.  f.  11  v. 

[The  Inkforbye  family  fairly  invaded  Magdalen  College  in  the  sixteenth  century. 
Of  the  four  children  of  Andrew  Inkforbye,  a  Merchant  of  Ipswich,  two  gained  Fellow- 
ships, one  married  a  Fellow,  and  one  married  the  President  of  the  College,  Lawrence 
Humphrey,  by  whom  she  became  the  mother  of  three  Demies,  William  Inkforbie,  the 
brother-in-law  of  the  President,  held  several  College  offices,  and  eventually  accepted 
a  Winchester  Rectory  in  1592,  which  he  held  with  that  of  Selborae  after  1596.  It  is 
difficult  not  to  believe  that  he  or  some  near  kinsman  was  the  William  Inkforbie  mentioned 
above.    Inkforbie's  wife  is  mentioned  below,  p.  382.] 


1  Victoria  County  Hist.  Sussex,  ii.  91, 


MISCELLANEOUS  PAPERS 


375 


Draft  of  Comviission  to  Overseers  of  the  Poor.  1621. 

Overseers  of  the  poore  of  the  parish  of  nominated  and 

appointed  by  us  this  present  yere  viz  the  daie  of  Aprill  Anno  dni  1621 

shall  by  vertue  hereofif  levie  all  such  somes  of  money  as  by  them  shalbe 
asseassed  for  the  releife  of  the  poore  within  the  said  parish,  And  shall  distraine 
and  sell  the  goods  of  everie  person  that  shall  refuse  to  paie  accordinge  to  their 
taxation  rendringe  the  overplus  to  the  ptie.  Geoven  at  Southvvick  under  our 
hands  &  seales  the  daie  and  yere  above  written. 

[MS.  f.  87  V. 

John  Pitt  of  Chiddien  in  Hamelden  [=  Chidden,  a  tithing  in  Hambledon 
hundred]  to  have  the  peace  against  Elias  Pelie  of  Hameldon  [Hambledon  was 
the  village  where  30  years  later  Charles  II  spent  the  night  at  the  house  of  his 
guide,  Col.  Gunter's  brother-in-law], 

[MS.  f.  87. 

F.  Waller's  Petition  to  Sir  Thomas  Bilson.    Before  19  July  1621. 

Most  humbly  Intreating  yo^'  good  worship  S^^'  Thomas  Bilson  and  to  you  & 
yo'^  man  Goodyer  greeting :  the  Cause  is  this,  my  wryting  unto  you  S^'  is 
for  to  request  &  desire  yo'"  worships  ayd  and  assistance  concerning  the  two  Buls 
and  the  fower  Heffers  w^^  the  sayd  Ilesley  was  committed  by  yo""  worship  for, 
desiring  for  two  know  whether  I  may  not  lawfully  have  them  praysed  and  so  for 
two  sell  them,  and  (=  if)  it  may  be  possibell  good  yo^  worship  aid  me  in  hit, 
for  the  Cause  is  thus  I  must  step  asid  and  away,  for  beecause  freeman  of 
Durley  or  of  Frogmill  have  forth  as  I  understand  an  Execution  agaynst  me  for 
his  counter  band  w^^  the  sayd  freeman  hau  not  bine  damnified  one  penny,  but 
onely  in  suing  for  to  bring  in  the  bands,  &  soe  forth  w**i  arrested  the  sayd 
Ilesley's  bease,  and  I  was  pledge  for  two  bring  him  to  his  answer  and  could  not 
paye  the  money  being  Eightenne  pounds  full,  and  tooke  up  the  bands  &  went 
to  the  sayd  freeman  desiring  for  to  have  his  Harmeley's  band  in  to,  and  so  to 
end  hit,  karying  forthwith  to  hime  his  sayd  Charges  before  divers  witnesses, 
and  hee  would  not  for  hee  would  hand  the  fantage  or  forfit  of  his  counter  bande 
being  Six  Score  &  Eight  pounds  and  theireof  S^*  I  think  it  mete  for  two  acquaint 
yo^'  worship  with  hit.  Other  good  men,  for  I  must  be  droven  to  put  forth  my 
land  and  so  to  distribute  my  goods  for  a  tyme  untyll  I  canne  take  som  corse 
in  it,  I  would  yo^  worship  should  thinke  that  although  I  am  forst  to  goe  that  it  is 
for  no  misdemannors  although  I  sayet  my  selfe  nor  for  one  penny  or  pound  of 
debt  but  onely  thus  to  be  the  cause  meaning  the  Execution.  Further  mor  sir 
I  would  request  of  yo^'  worship  for  to  know  whether  I  may  not  send  to  the  Sises 
some  lawful!  deputi,  meaning  some  honest  frend  for  to  frame  a  bill  of  inditment 
against  the  said  Ilesley.  Requesting  for  two  send  me  in  two  or  three  words  in 
wryting  and  I  would  be  much  thankfull  to  yo^"  Worship  for  hit,  and  so  w*^ 
wepping  teares  I  wayt  theise  few  words  wishing  yo^"  worships  health  you  &  yo"*^. 

Yo^"  poore  Oreator  for  to  Command 
fra  Waller. 

Deliver  this  to  Sir  Thomas  Billson  Knight. 

[MS.  f.  8. 

Deposition  of  Arthur  Hyde  relating  to  a  distraint  levied  on 
Weston  Farm  in  the  possession  of  Sir  Thomas  Bilson. 

Arthur  Hyde  of  Weston  in  the  parish  of  Buriton  in  the  County  of  South*^ 
yeoman  aged  fiftie  eight  yeares  or  thereabouts,  deposeth  that  aboute  sixteene 
yeares  nowe  last  past,  this  deponent  being  tenant  unto  the  late  most  gracious 
Oueene  Elizabeth  of  Weston  farme,  by  reason  of  the  recusancie  of  one  Stephen 
Vachell  Esquier  deceased,  duringe  which  tyme  one  of  the  Servants  of  the  then 
gen'all  Receivoures  of  y®  said  Queene  Eliz.  reaveannes,  in  the  said  County  of 
Sowtht,  came  upon  a  peace  of  Lande  of  the  said  Weston  farme,  called  the 


37^ 


GOODYER 


Readons.  And  have  distrained  certaine  Cattell  of  his  denonente  for  Arrearage 
of  rent  of  abowte  fyve  pownds,  supposes  to  be  done  unto  the  said  Queen 
Elizabeth  for  which  this  deponent  entered  into  bande  in  the  some  of  [blank] 
pounds,  upon  condicon  either  to  paie  the  money,  the  then  next  Tearme 
folowinge,  or  otherwise  to  discharge  yt,  whereupon  the  Corte  beinge  moved,  6c 
fy^ndinge  this  deponent  to  be  Tenante  unto  the  said  Ouene  Eliz.  o:  all  Weston 
farme.  under  a  certaine  Rent,  by  reason  of  the  Recuzancie  of  the  said  Vachell, 
and  that  the  said  Reasone  was  but  a  small  parcell  of  the  said  \\  eston  farme, 
And  that  this  deponent,  by  the  covenants  of  his  Lease  during  the  Recuzancie 
of  the  said  Vachell,  was  to  be  discharged  of  all  Rents  &  charge  payinge  the 
Rente  reaserved  in  his  Lease,  the  said  Corte  therupon  detajmed  the  said 
deponents  bande.  &  toke  order  for  the  staye  of  the  leavyinge  of  the  said 
Arrearage  duringe  the  said  Vachell  Recuzancie.  Sithence  w*^^  tyme  the 
said  Vachell  being  deade.  And  the  said  Weston  farm  being  in  the  possession 
of  Sir  Thomas  Bilson  Knight,  And  then  the  said  \\  eston  farm  being  discharged 
of  Recuzancie,  there  hath  been  leavied  by  the  Sherif  at  sundry  tymes  the  some  of 
Nyne  pounds  &  tenne  shillings  by  xx"  shillinge  on  ye  pound  only,  under  coloure 
of  the  said  deoonents  bande,  which  was  taken  for  the  said  supposed  Arrearage. 
And  yet  none  (notwithstanding  so  much  payed,  as  aforesaid)  theare  is  a  newe 
seisure,  diverted  to  the  said  Sherif  for  the  leavyinge  of  abowte  six  poundes,  owte 
of  the  said  Lands  called  Readons,  for  the  same  Arrearage. 

And  this  deponent  further  saieth.  that  he  hath  not  beane  Tenante.  unto  the 
said  Readons  sihence  the  ende  of  his  said  Lease,  which  ys  now  about  some 
tenne  yeares  last  past,  and  yet  being  tenant  unto  some  other  part  of  Weston 
farme,  by  reason  of  the  said  bande  (w^b  was  only  taken  for  the  said  Arrearage 
of  Readon)  he  this  deponent  with  some  other  of  the  possessors  of  Weston  farme, 
hath  alreadie  payed  Xyne  poundes  S;  tenne  shillings,  besides  twoe  shillinge  at 
any  sevall  tvme  of  seisure,  to  the  Sherif  his  Bailies,  w^^cometh  unto  xviii^  more. 

[MS.  f.  5. 

[Weston  is  a  tithing  in  the  parish  of  Buriton  which  seems  to  have  been,  to  some 
extent,  co-extensive  with  the  manor  of  West  Maplednrham.  According  to  the  authorities 
quoted  in  the  Victoria  Coimty  History  of  Hampshire,  iii,  p.  90,  Stephen  Vachell  was  part 
lord  of  Weston  in  1579.  In  September  1600  he  forfeited  two-thirds  of  his  lands  and 
possessions  for  recusancy,  and  in  December  1600  the  queen  granted  the  capital  messuage 
called  Weston  farm  and  lands  in  the  parish  of  Buriton  to  Arthur  Hide,  for  a  term  of 
21  years.  It  is  doubtful,  however,  whether  Arthur  Hide  ever  gained  possession 
of  the  manor,  for  in  1598  Vachell  and  others  conveyed  it  to  Nicholas  Hunt  and  his  wife, 
from  whom  in  1607  Thomas  Bilson,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  purchased  it.  After  the 
purchase  Weston  formed  part  of  the  manor  of  West  Mapledurham.] 


Draft  of  a  Petition  from  the  Tithing  of  West07t  concerning 
payments  toivards  repair  of  Red  bridge.    In  handwriting 
of  John  Goo  dyer. 

The  names  of  those  who  were  to  goe  to  paie  viij^  towards  the  repairinge  of 
Redbridge  beinge  required  of  the  Inhabitants  of  this  Tything,  after  they  had  paid 
their  proportionable  hereinafter  said  rights  as  anciently  they  have  don. 

S""  Tho:  Bilson  John  sen. 

Hen:  Bl:  Tho:  Wyse 

Hen:  Vok  Tho:  Kent 

Jo.  Tayler  \\^\  Hall  [or  Hull] 

who  made  with  one  accord  this  answer,  that  the  inhabitants  of  the  Upper  half 
hundred  of  Finchdeane  have  alwaies  hetherto  paid  two  parts  and  the  Lower 
half  hundred  but  one  pte  of  the  said  impostes  uppon  the  sd  Hundred,  towards 
the  repations  of  the  sd  Bridge,  and  that  they  of  the  sd  Tything  of  Weston  have 
latelie  paid  [blank]  being  their  pte  of  the  said  third  parte. 

And  that  nowe  they  refuse  to  paie  the  sd  8-  beinge  a  some  imposted  in  them, 
apportionable  with  the  somes  imposed  on  the  other  pans  of  the  before  said 
lower  half  hundred,  .  .  .  the  lower  half  hundred  equall  in  payment  with  the 
Upp    ,  which  they  never  did.    And  that  they  pray  to  have  their  case  heard 


MISCELLANEOUS  PAPERS 


377 


this  next  mich"  Sessions  when  they  hope  to  obtain  an  order  that  the  lower  half 
hundred  shall  paie  but  a  third  part  thereof  as  anciently  it  did. 

And  this  rate  now  imposed,  being  not  after  the  ancient  manner,  but  an 
encrease  of  charge  to  the  lower  half  hundred  by  making  them  equall  in  payment 
to  ye  upper  half  hundred,  whose  lands  are  allmost  twice  as  good,  the  tything  of 
Weston  being  a  small  member  of  the  lower  half  hundred,  humbly  pray  they 
may  be  heard  this  Sessions  what  they  can  say  with  the  rest  of  the  lower  half 
hundred  for  themsealfs. 

[MS.  f.  12. 

Portion  of  a  deed  concerning  lands  at  Bramshott  and  Kingsley 
in  whicJi  John  Goodyer  ivas  concerned. 

This  Indentnre  made  the  15*^ 

God  of  England,  Scotland  France  and  Ireland 

[Dorothy  his  wife  of  the  one  part  and]  •  John  Goodyer 

[pounds]  *  of  good  and  lawfull  money  of  England  unto 

the  ensealing  and  delivery  of  these  presents 

[Release  and  Confirmation  bearing  even  date]  ^ 

[Sambrooke  of  London  knight  and  Administrator]  ^ 

[payment  receipt  and  Satisfaction  of  which  said]  ^ 

[doth  acquitt  release  and  discharge  the  said  John  Goodyer  his  heirs]  * 

bargained  sold  and  confirmed  and  by  these  presents  doeth  grant  b[argain  sell  and  confirm 

and  Parcefeild  with  all  and  singular  the  rights  members  and  app 

gardens  Orchards  Courts  Courtyards  and  backsides  thereunto  bel[onging 

Bramshott  and  Kingsley  some  or  one  of  them  in  the  said  County  [of  Southampton 

quantityes  of  acres  hereinafter  menconed  (that  is  to  say)  the  planted 

estimacon  Tenn  acres  three  quarters  of  an  acre  and  eight  perches 

One  quarter  of  an  acre  and  six  perches  Great  jffrith  containing  by  e[stimacon 

acres  three  quarters  of  an  acre  and  thirty  two  perches  affeild 

thirty  perches  Garden  ffeild  containing  by  estimacon  eight  acres 

perches  Great  Waterfeild  containing  by  estimacon  Tenn  acres  & 

by  estimacon  Six  acres  and  halfe  an  acre  and  thirty  two  perches  Gr 

estimacon  twelve  acres  and  a  quarter  of  an  acre  and  sixteen  perches 

two  HeatJiffeilds  containing  by  estimacon  one  and  twenty  acres  and 

and  Sixteen  perches  Upper  Wassells  containing  by  estimacon  ffour 

Lower  Mead  containing  by  estimacon  eight  acres  and  two  perches 

three  quarters  of  an  acre  and  twenty  perches  llie  Green  before  th 

acres  Upper  Mead coxi\.2amx\g  by  estimacon  three  acres  Middle  Me\adcox\.K.2i\xi\ag  by  estimacon 

acres  and  an  halfe  of  an  acre  and  eighteen  perches  and  also  all 

and  wood  ground  thereunto  belonging  and  also  all  those  severall 

called  Woolmore  containe  together  in  the  whole  by  estimacon  Sixt 

Mead  and  one  Cottage  with  the  Land  thereunto  belonging  scituate 

Closes  and  grounds  are  severally  and  respectively  called  or  known  and 

possession  of  the  said  Andrew  Wall  and  also  all  that  dwelling  house 

and  all  those  severall  Closes  or  grounds  severally  and  respectively  cal[led  or  known  and 

likewise  menconed  that  is  to  say  The  Upper  Six  acres  containing  by  e[stimacon 

thirty  two  perches  the  four  acres  containing  by  estimacon  ffour  acres 

Hojnefeild  containing  by  estimacon  six  acres  and  a  quarter  of  an 

containing  by  estimacon  eight  acres  and  an  halfe  and  one  and  twe 

perches  Hillffeild  containing  by  estimacon  ffour  acres  three  quar 

tenn  perches  (  iitward  Heathffeild  containing  by  estimacon  seven 

....  Green  ffeild  containing  by  estimacon  seven  acres  three  q 

[This  portion  of  a  deed,  in  which  Goodyer's  name  is  mentioned,  was  used  as  a  wrapper 
of  a  document  belonging  to  Mrs.  Ruck-Keene  of  Swyncombe,  Oxon.,  who,  discovering  it 
at  the  very  moment  of  the  discovery  of  Goodyer  papers  at  Magdalen,  has  kindly  per- 
mitted its  publication  with  them. 

In  the  Victoria  County  History  for  Hants,  ii,  p.  493,  are  notes  that  Ludshott  Manor 
was  acquired  by  Andrew  Wall  in  1638  from  the  Knight  family  (Feet  of  F.  Hants.  Hil. 
13  Chas.  I),  and  that  in  1704  Samuel  Diggle  acquired  the  manor  of  John  Goodyer  (Feet 
of  F.  Hants.,  Mich.  2  Anne). 

A  Sir  Jeremiah  Sambroke,  Knight,  Merchant,  was  on  board  the  Earl  of  Barkley's  ship 
31  Jan.  1 68 1  and  died  27  Apr.  1705.] 

^  erased. 


378 


GOODYER 


Goodyer's  note  relatifig  to  Rents  in  Wiltshire, 

Chappel.  Crine. 

Richard  Bedelcombeof  Weeke  in  Dounton  parish,  aetat.  80  vel  ultra,  gathered 
of  Henry  Davys  of  Chestgrove  in  Tisbury  parish  in  Wilts,  aetat.  72,  who  was 
tenant  to  Edward  Willowby  gent,  yerely  as  a  Cheif  Rent  vjs.  viij  d.  He  was 
gatherer  as  longe  as  M^"  Barrowe  was  lord.  Mr.  Willowby  never  denied  the 
Rent,  but  denyed  y^  service  to  Mr.  Estroud  in  y^  open  Court. 

Mr.  Willowby  sould  it  to  George  Stable  gent,  whether  he  paid  it  or  not,  they 
know  not,  he  byd  M^"  Dawley  shew  wherefore  he  should  paie  it. 

Mr.  Staple  sould  it  M^'  Westfeild  of  Tilsford  7  or  8  mile  beyond  Warminster, 

Hester  Abell  widdowe  in  the  High  St.  at  Salesbury  nere  to  the  Close  gate. 

[MS.  f.  5  v. 


Draft  of  an  Order  concerning  the  discharge  of  the  Watch  of  the 
Beacons  hi  Portesdown  Division.    In  the  hand  of  J.  Goody er. 

Whereas  I  have  receaved  letters  from  Sir  R.  T.  knight  one  of  ye  deputy 
liuetenens  of  this  County  of  Southh.  concerning  the  watch  of  the  Beacons  within 
this  Division  of  Portesdowne,  which  Beacons  must  be  well  kept  &  repaired,  and 
the  watch  of  them  to  be  presently  discharged.  Theis  are  therefore  to  require 
you  to  cause  the  watch  of  ye  Beacons  within  your  hundred  (if  there  be  any) 
presently  to  be  discharged,  and  y^  rest  performed  according  to  y®  contents  of  ye 
said  letters, 

And  hereof  faile  not  as  you  will  answer  the  Contrarie  (?)  at  your  peril. 
Dat.  7. 

[MS.  f.  5  V. 

[The  Sir  R.  T.  would  have  been  Sir  Robert  Tichborne,  who  was  living  in  161 7.] 


12 


Goody er^s  rough  notes  of  Accounts  19  July  1621. 

James  Rabson  of  Hamelden  Carpenter  10^  due  onto  Katherine  his  wiffe,  for 

wages  long  since  due. 
Stephen  Woley. 

hog  rec'^  y®  last  year  16  ) 

rec*^  this  year  96  \ 
hog  spent  this  year  96 

reed  as  appeareth  16  Wheate  spent  i66^| 

Otes  spent    li.  196 

has  rec^^  ye  last  yere  I37^  V  ^20^1  ^ 

bought  this  yere  192   )  ^  ^ 

spent  this  yere  275^ 
reed  as  appeareth  54^ 

William  Browne  de  Hoe  infra  parochia  de  Subberton  ^  gent,  To  paie  Ixxiij^' 

the  11*^  of  November  next. 
Will-  Hatch  de  Clanfeild  yeoman K^^^^^j^  ^^^^  ^^^^^^ 
Simon  Hatch     Blacksmith  \  ^ 

To  paie  11^^  the  19^^  of  July  1621. 

Hatch  bondeth  (?)  S.  k:  in  40^^  to  store  harweste. 

[MS.  f.  8  V. 

[Then  follows  a  Description  of  '  Ye  lesser  Bellflower      See  p.  132.] 

»  [The  Manor  of  East  Hoe,  Soberton,  passed  to  \V.  Browne,  senior,  of  Hoe  in  1619, 
then  to  W.  Browne,  junior,  his  son.] 


MISCELLANEOUS  PAPERS  379 

Note  coftcerning  certain  inhabitmits  of  Sober  ton  c.  July  1622. 

Willmus  Arnold  de  Soberton  yoman  

Willmus  Perrin  de  Subberton  husb.      .       .       .  . 

Johes  Lower  de  Soberton  husb.  ..... 

That  Margery  Lower  to  keape  y®  peace  ags^  Susan  Talbott  spinster. 

[MS.  f.  7. 

Assessment  in  Goodyer^s  handwriting.    After  9  Nov.  16 ill. 


[Acres  ?] 

{£ 

Tho.  [Bilson] 

433 

3 

3 

Kent 

125 

I 

0 

Chaw 

56 

5 

Fetter 

23 

I 

Ra:  Tribe 

51 

4 

T.  Deed 

20 

I 

Wm.  Tribe  sen. 

36 

3 

winnowed    17    7  3 

jun. 

15 

I 

spent  712 

John  Tribe 

37 

3 

Blackman 

63 

6 

10   6  I 

Silvester 

56 

5 

915 

7 

3 

...  I  gall. 


Anne  the  wiffe  of  John  Ilsley  of  Prelingworth  in 

T  husb.  to  have  the  peace  against  Tho:  Ilsley. 

[On  the  back  of  Laurence  Davis'  letter,  dated  9  Nov.  1621.] 

[MS.  f.  9. 

Note  of  proceediitgs  at  a  Court  held  later  than  9  Nov.  1621,  affecting 
persons  living  at  Swamnore  and  Chedden. 

Edward  Collyn  de  Swanmor  husb: 

.  .  .  Tho:  Cludlie  de  eadem  Carp.       in  8^ 

To  paie  4^^  8^  :  20  Sept.  1622  in  Tho:  Cludlie's  house. 

Drewe  of  Hamelden  served  Thomas  Pina  and  John  Rynd  and  y®  rest  of 
y®  parishioners  of  Chedden  as  their  comon  shepherd. 
Nic:  Brittaine  de  Swanmore  husb.  .  .  .  Jaspen       in  20^. 
To  paie  11^  the  20*^^  Sept.  1622  in  this  C[ourt]  house. 

[A  Botanical  Fragment.    Description  of  Thlaspi  14  July  1621,] 

[MS.  f.  II. 

Descriptions  copied  from  LobeVs  Adversaria  of  fonr  plants.  Perhaps 
in  preparation  for  a  botanical  excursion  to  Portland. 

An  thy  His 

Sedum  Portltmdiciim 
Hederacium  Thlaspi 
Papaz'er  Cornuticiu. 

[MS.  f.  13. 

Goodyers  Notes  1625. 
The  2  of  May  to  have  100  Be     ,8  foot  longe  &  4  foot  7  ynch  lenght. 
Robt  Westbrooke  ^  of  Steep  husb. 
Hinde  of  Sheet 

3  teneri  pr.  to  paie  16^  13^  4^^  the  22  of  July  next. 

&  16^1    3^  4^^  the  21  of  December  1625. 
Ewie  sat  about  4  a  clock  to  take  fagotts. 

[MS.  f,  13  a. 

[Below  :  the  itinerary  of  a  botanical  excursion  for  Sept.  1624.    See  p.  51.] 

1  Robert  Westbrooke  was  a  tenant  of  Magdalen  College  in  the  Spain  Petersfield,  about 
1580  (Magdalen  College,  Ledger  G.  f.  lo). 


38o 


GOODYER 


for  I  corslett 


Rough  notes  made  by  Goody er  m  November  1631. 

The  names  of  those  w*  were  taxed  to  paie  the  muster  Master's  entertaynment. 
Bilson  2  corsletts  2  musketts— at  9'* .       .  6^ 
Hen.  Vok 

Tho.  lee     \  lor  i  corslett        .       .  .1 
Tho.  Kent 
Jo:  Trybe 
Jo:  Pinke 

Hall  for  i  corslett    .        .       .       .  i 
Jo:  Horwood  for  i  muskett      .       .  .1 
Of  all  those  above  named  I  have  demanded  the  somes  they  were  taxed  at 
And  they  all  do  answer  me  they  ought  not  to  paie  it. 


Diett  at  Gilford 

138 

8d 

Otes— 2^  . 

S 

4 

hey  .... 

2 

I 

greas  for  Coach 

0 

6 

gave  the  hosier  . 

12^1 

ferre    at  lambheath 

Coach  . 

1 1*^ 

5  horses 

Supp.  at  Kings  head 

10^ 

I 

14 

5 

3 

8 

rem.    33  11 

Edyn  Haslett  ?  2: 

8s  II" 


7  hors  at  hey  at  8 
coch  —  ib 
4  has  —  ib 


4  « 

5  4 


Nutts  ? 
[1631] 
Nov. 


7.  2  bauhins 

8.  wyne  w^^  Johnson 
Diosc.  . 

Bruele  [?] 
Thevett 
14.    beane  there  . 


4' 
i8d 

2^ 
12^ 


3  coch  harnes  (?) 
I  coch  bridle 

I  ladie  sadle,  3  g  ,  2  snaffle 

bridles 


Leo  1597. 

Scholzius  Aphorismes 
Ludovicus  Septalius,  1625. 
Duncanus  Liddelius 
Plate[ar]ius 
Wekeri  Syntaxis  1576 
Petri  Bayri  Enchiridion,  quae  Veni 
mecu  vocant.  1578 


•9sn  s,9jiA\  siq  ui  sauioD  ;s3a95Ui 
9q;  '(t)  9JII  9UA\o  siq  Suunp  9SB9pj  ji^J9U9§  s;59ujng  J9q}9qAV — S}}9a  'i^i 

[MS.f.  12. 


Roll  of  Armour-bearers,  Pio7ieers,  and  Spearmen  of  Buriton, 
(Before  1633.    Not  in  Goodyer's  hand.) 

BeriUm 

The  earmur  bearers. 
Robberd  Heath  with  a  muscet. 

and  Jasper  Hillis  with  a  muscet  both  of  i\F  Walkers. 
Randol  Jouning  for  John  Benet  his  muscet. 
Richard  Searl  with  a  muscet. 
Neckolas  Greenwood  with  a  muscet. 

ab.    Thomas  Linter. 
ab.    John  Pinssers. 

Steeven  Pit. 
ab.    William  Barker,  the  elder. 

William  Tayler. 
ab.    Richard  Cheas. 


MISCELLANICOUS  PAPERS 


381 


The  names  of  the  Peionors. 
[Larence  Plidger  and  Richard  Paige]  (erased). 
John  Barker,  hors  post. 
John  Pitter,  foote  post. 

Vitllers  John  Luf  and  Richard  Plidger  the  younger. 
Carters  Arter  Cornwel,  Benge  Paige  and  Henry  Burch. 


Spear  Men. 
musk.  James  Poell. 

—  Peeter  Heath. 

—  Umphery  Biges. 

—  William  Parker, 
musk.  John  Weiet. 

ab.   William  Chrispe 
ab.   Francis  Miles, 
ab.   William  Hide, 
ab.   Andrew  Hickman. 


musk.  Thomas  Paterick. 
Larenc  Brasier. 
ab.    Larenc  Pinssers. 
ab.   Robberd  Holt, 
ab.   John  Hide. 

—  William  Barker  the  younger. 

—  Neckolas  Bokkis. 

—  James  Bate. 

—  Thomas  Horn.         [MS.  f.  12  v. 


The  Names  of  the  Spare  Men  within  Tythinge  of  [s^/^f':rL']  (?). 


Henry  Beale. 
William  Whitcher. 
Robert  Whicher. 
John  Stummer. 
Robert  Wells. 
[William  Hide]  erased. 
John  Inwood. 
Robert  Brigger. 
Robert  Betsor. 


Nicholas  Polen. 
Humfrey  Deane. 
Thomas  Jacob. 
Arthure  Tanner. 
Edward  Polen. 
John  Wiat. 
Thomas  Yalden. 
Thomas  Hunt. 


Rychard  Jenman, 

Tythingman. 

[MS.  f.  137  V. 

List  of  te7i  Hampshire  Women  concerned  in  the  payment  of  certain 
Slims  of  money  (Pearly  17th  cent.). 

ti 


Goodwife  Hardinge  of  Hakle 
„       Gaman  of  Hakle 
„       Sharpe  of  Steepe 
„       Eames  of  Lesse 
„       Tyler  of  Leese 
„  Chilese 
„       Rose  of  Leese 
„       Wheatle  of  Leese 
„       Veryam  of  Hearting 
„       Bakere  of  Frokesfeeld 

Margerie  Winnige 


nij 
inj 
ij 


of  medlee 
of  medlee 
of  medlee 
of  medlee 
of  medle 


[Written  on  blank  leaf  in  the  binding  of  Goodyer's  copy  of  Crescenfms.'] 
Goodyers  Notes  relating 


Edward  Williamson 
Shidfield,^  husb.. 


of  Lippock 

all  actions. 
Seaminge  lace 
Edginge  lace 
Edging  lace 
Lace  for  ij  Capps 


to  a  shopping  excursion  to  Winchester. 
Butcher  to  release  to  Richard  Costen  of 


ij  yards 
I  yard 
I  yard  \ 
j  ell 


16^1 


One  ell  of  Halland  for  ij  Capps  18^ 


Caried  to  Win  ton 
S.  money 

[Goodyer's  rough  draft  of  a  description  of  the 
same  sheet.] 

^  Shed  field,  South  of  Bishops  Waltham 


58  2^ 
208 
3s  id 

Broad-leaved 


Elm  is  on  the 
[MS.  f.  4. 


38s 


GOODYER 


Goodyer's  Memoranda  for  sJiopping  for  a  lady,  probably  in  Lo7idoit, 

c,  1621. 

20  yards  of  galome  lace. 
4  doz.  buttons. 

Horns  (?)  fustian    2  yards  3  qters. 
Canvis    j  ell. 

8  skeynes  of  sticching  1  1   ir  •     n  -n 

8  skeynes  of  sowinge   f  ^^^^  '''^^ 
2  oyle  skins. 

half  a  yard  of  Jeynes  Fustian. 

Cambrick   j  ell  &  qter    at  3^  6^^  or  ...  ell. 

^pis  Benwyn  at  the  little  Mineries  neare  Algate.    if  she  wil  paie  to  gev  a 
discharge  from  Holman,  windmil  (?)  and  Inkforbies  wife. 

The  fan  of  a  pinke  color.    Morgan  to  doe. 

8  yards  of  4^^  rebon  of  y®  same  pinke  color,  to  desire  M^*^  Ison  for  a  patterne  of 
ye  bredth  &  color. 

6  yards  of  2^  rebon  of  y®  same  colour.    The  fans  handell  to  be  doble  gilt. 

Mr.  Bull  was  pd  5^  for  5  q*®'"^  ended  y«  30*^  of  Januarie  1621. 
Mr.  Wilson  of  Barbican. 

50  needles  of  all  sorts,  none  to  bigge. 
a  girdle  of  stuff  18^  pise  russet  color, 
a  pound  of  Annis  seed  comfitts. 
half  a  pound  of  English  liquerish. 
[A  list  of  books  on  same  page.] 

[MS.  f.  46. 


Memorandum  relating  to  Cor 71.  1631. 
1631. 

Wheate  in  y«  lobell  13^ 

of  Hughes     20^  Litle  lobell  ^2"^ 

of  Voke        14^  (?)  Jemox  23^  2<i 

Little  lobell      3^  j^i 
Win  4^  31  (?)  Jmox  2 

Oct.  6  4^  Sept.  29  Mill  2 

,,17  8^  Oct.     6  Mill  2 

50^  31  Oct.  13  Mill  3 

Oct.   20  Mill    2    —  2^  2<» 


[MS.  f.  132. 


A71  account  of  purchases^  probably  for  his  zvife,  in  1634. 


I  yard  ha.  &  ha.  qter  of  white  Cotton  at  12*^        .  i  7^ 

I  skyn   11' 

3  yards  of  fustian  Rebon   06 

10  paire  of  hooks  &  eyes   o  2\ 

Canvis  in  the  wostbud  (?)  &  bustian     .       .  .02 

Silk   02 

6  Buttons     .       .       .  '   01 


3  10 

Making  the  hose  .  .12 

lengthening  the  other  .8  i  10 


5  8 

[MS.  f.  14. 


MISCELLANEOUS  PAPERS 


Accounts  1646-50. 

Paye    7:  y:  behind  4^*  13*  4'*  of  this 
ReC'  1646:  6»  8^  and  in  May  1647 
payd  all  but  since  Michaelmas  1649. 

Stocker  oweth  i  18  Midsommer  1650. 

besides  this  half     i  8 


Tomlinson  d  13    9  [4  lines  illegible] 

i^i  i8« 


ded:  i^'  i2« 

6 

Knight  040 

Wayd  010 

Bold       0  13  4 

A  Long  (?)  ded: 

This  half  ded:  io'« 

I 

0 

0 

ded:  i 

Hall  to  ded:  2^  p.  annum 

0 

15 

0 

Receaved 

2 

I 

7 

King 

0 

2 

3 

owes  4^  2^  to  Keens  to 

Anthony  Corper 

0 

I 

I 

Paied     8*^,  do  a  rent  3^ 

I 

8'! 

Isaak  Knight 

0 

3 

4 

Collins  ded.  13  4 

7 

10 

0 

Girdler 

0 

3 

4 

Baker  on  high 

0 

14 

0 

Thomas  sen. 

0 

II 

6 

ded  1 2  4'i 

John  Pescod 

0 

6 

8 

Cariage  payd 

2 

2 

6 

R.  Rogers  Life 

0 

15 

0 

Rd.  Eomes  ded:  3^  2^^  & 

J.   Roke   behind   0  yr 

4  II  and 

besides  this  halfe 

0 

I 

8 

L.  Rent  i«  3^^ 

5 

0 

0 

Lady  day  1650. 

Eomes  last  ded:  6^' 

till  the  R  day 


PRESCRIPTIONS  AND  MEDICINAL  NOTES. 

Goodyer's  views  on  medicine  were  evidently  those  of  his  senior  by  nine 
years,  Lord  Herbert  of  Cherbury.  Lord  Herbert  conceived  it  a  *  fine 
study,  and  worthy  a  gentleman  to  be  a  good  botanic,  so  that  he  may  know 
the  nature  of  all  herbs  and  plants'.  A  gentleman  should  know  how  to 
make  medicines  himself. 

Tonic  for  a  horse:  a  snuff:  purchase  of  tobacco, 

880.  e.  Anisum 
557  g.  calamintha 
702  f.  n.  violetts 
1 128  c.  Spartium  sp:  broome: 

Richard  Skillingeri  i«  Feb: 
Muscadine  i  pint       ]  pound  ye  sugar  candy 
Sugar  candy  an  ounce  &  putt  in  ye  yolks 

Yolks  of  Eggs  iij        J  with  ye  muse.  &  mak  it  luke  vvarme  &  geve  it  your 
horse  when  you  travell. 

Euphorbius  putt  into  ye  nose  to  sneese. 

Tabaco  4*^ 
Pulletts  4^ 
Alresford  4*1 

[MS.  f.  4. 

1  The  Skillings  were  a  well  known  Hampshire  family,  A  Richard  Skilling  sold  the 
Manor  of  Lainston  in  16 13  {Vict.  County  Hist.  Hants,  iii,  p.  445). 


384 


GOODYER 


Ointment  for  the  Spleen^  e.  1621. 

Unguentum  et  emplastrum  per  liene 
11-  olei  de  capparibus 
de  absinthio 
amygdal:  am: 
aceti  scillini 

Misceantiir  probe,  et  inbregatur  plen  per  dies  7  mane 
et  vespi,  dein  apponatur  emplastrum  sequens 
1^  gummi  amoniaci  clari  in  aceto  scillini  solut 
piperis  nigri 
olibani  puri  ana  5vj 
In  mortario  calido  misceantur  et  applicetur  parti  calide. 

Put  a  little  vinegar  in  a  hot  morter,  and  you  putt  the  amoniacum  and  stirr  it 
with  a  pestell  and  it  will  quickly  be  a  plaister. 

Mr.  Michaell  Easton  an  apothecary  on  y®  south  side  of  y^  greate  conduit 
neare  Cheape  Side    And  pray  him  to  have  the  trewe  Amml. 

[MS.  f.  46  V. 


[ana  5vj 


List  of  plants. 


Beta  Candida 

rough  Hyssope.  Hyssopus  incana 
Acinos  odoratissimum 
Angelica 
Auena  nuda 

hawes  of  glassenbury  thorne 
Astrantia  nigra 
Eruca  peregrina  Clusii 
Cochlearia  out  of  y®  north 


Condrilla  rara  flore  purpurante.  cb.ii6 
Aster  conyzoides  Virginiana 
Helianthemum   radice   repente  Vir- 

ginianum 
Ephemerum  Virginianum 
Sumach  vir. 

Slum  segetum  &  agrorum,  HonewoFt 

Cuminum  Candiae 

Seseli  massilense.  thapsia. 

[MS.  f.  46  V. 


Prescription. 

conserv.  floru  fumariae  et  1 

Radicum  cichorei  ]^^^  ^is 
pulpae  cassiae  3iij 
confectionis  hamech) 


ana  3 


diaprunis  solut  | 
pulv.  subtilissimi  foliorum  Sennae  3iij 
tartari  albi  3jfs 
pulveris  electuaiij  triasantali  3fs 
Misc  &  cu  syrupo  de  citron  compos. 

cij  Rheo  fiat  electuarium  instar  opiatae. 

[Goodyer  has  copied  out  this  prescription  twice  over.] 


[MS.  f.  128. 


Hoggs  grease  I  ^f^^j^ 
Sallett  oyle  1 
Litarge  of  gold 


Recipe,  c.  9  Feb.  1627. 


2^ 

0 


green  Amoniac)^^^j^ 
Opopanax  ) 

Boyled  &  made  uppe  by  art  into  a  plaister,  the  gummes  must  be  clarified  w^^ 
vinegar  &  made  uppe  into  a  true  body. 

[MS.  f.  129. 


MISCELLANEOUS  TAPERS 


3«5 


Recipe :  fragment  of  a  petition  :  note  on  ailments  of  John  Neale  : 

note  on  local  maladies  of  Selborne. 

20  Mar.  1662. 
Rosen  that  is  blackish 
Fresh  lard  a  wallnutt 
Crovvne  sope  a  wallnutt 

Boil  till  it  sets  clere.  H  

keepe  stirringe. 
Elder 
Som  ... 

I  This  recipe  is  written  in  a  shaky  hand.] 

Mar.  22.  John  Neale  in  Lippock,  the  howse  is  called  Gurmes,  hadd  a  tliird 
Ague,  &  hath  lost  him  about  a  moneth  &  nowe  hath  a  great  cough. 

The  Line  of  Selborne  Goute 
Scurvie 
Dropsie. 

[These  notes  are  wTitten  by  Goodyer  on  a  fragment  of  a  Petition  of  Glasier 
and  Good  of  earlier  date.] 

uppon  all  or  any  ye  said  premisse,  not 
desistinge  from  youre  Crueltyes  and  insolencyes,  for  ye  entreatyes  and 
lamentacong  as  well  of  yo"^  said  poore  subiects  Richard  Glasier  and  ye  said 
Elizabeth  Good,  as  of  strangers  and  lookers  on,  intreatinge  but  forbearance 
untill  harvest  tyme  was  paste,  for  ye  mowinge  of  ye  grasse, — 

[MS.  f.  16. 

Note  of  Localities  of  nortJicrn  plants,  perhaps  supplied  by  Shanne : 

notes  of  books :  method  of  taking  Laudanum. 
Richard  Shanne. 

Pyrola  grovveth  in  shadowed  woods  in  Craven,  in  a  place  called  Craggie  Close 
in  Lansdale. 

Monophyllum  groweth  in  Lancashire  in  Dingley  Wood  &  in  Harwood  neare 
to  Blackburne.  [Quotation  from  Get^ard  emac.  p.  409. 

latrionices  medicamentorum  Simplicium  liber  2  continens  eo  quos  ad  probus, 

ventrem,  interanea  que  attinent.  Otho  Brunfelsii  authore. 

Viaticii  novu  per  Casparu  Wolphiii  1565. 

Laudanu  §fs  gr.  2  to  be  given  w.  a  little  conserve  of  Roses  or  any  other 
Conserve,  and  mare  ale  after  it. 

[MS.  f.  15. 

List  of  Chirnrgical  Works. 

John  Vigo  w^^  certayne  works  published  as  by  Tho:  Gale. 
Philippe  Barone  works  of  Chirurg.  v 
Ambrosius  Parrius 
Chametans 

Tagaultius  I  Chirur: 

Franciscus  Arcaeus  I 
Jacobus  Ruess  de  generacione  hominis  ) 
Variorumque  Scotus  or  Chirurgie  magnie 
Margarita  Chyrurgica  by  S:  H:  student  in  Physicke. 
Schola  Salerni. 
Banisters  Chirurgerie. 
English  Phlebotomy  by  Nicholas  Guyer. 
Pathway  to  Health. 

Chimicall  Phisicke  and  hermeticall  Phisicke  written  by  Josephus  Luersi- 

tanus,  translated  by  Tho:  Tyme,  minister. 
The  secrets  of  Alexis  of  Piemount. 
The  secrets  of  Albertus  Magnus. 
Bord  his  brevary  of  Health. 

C  C 


386 


GOODYER 


I  [alls  boke  of  Chirurgerie. 

Antidotarium  speciale  a  Jo:  Jacobo  Vueckero. 

Bartholomewe  Glanfeild  translat  per  Stephen  Batman,  Chaplayne  to  the 

Erie  of  Oxford. 
Cochinelo  ground  mingled  with  water    gumme  water. 
Fernelius  Judgement  of  Urines. 

[MS.f.  131. 


May 
22 

23 
24 


Weather  record  for  the  last  part  of  May  16  21  (?). 


J) 

$  D 

n  D 


23 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


j) 

Rayne 
A  5  )) 
A  7/$  i) 
A  G  ]) 
])    in  apog. 


thunder 

9  a.    winds  &  clouds, 
temprate 
full  moon 
var  cur. 


10  a. 

11  a. 
II  a. 


[Written  on  a  paper  on  which  Goodyer  afterwards  wrote  his  draft  description 
of  the  Jerusalem  Artichoke  on  17  Oct.  1621.] 

[MS.f.  116. 

Miscellaneous  Notes.    Lists  of  Fruit  Trees  and  Plants.    Dates  of 

Assizes. 

Rec.  9  Feb.  1627  of  Christopher  Potecary  of  Stockton  5  myle  from  Venny 
Sutton  Clother. 

1.  Burgomaster  peare  till  Easter 

2.  Kingekaterine  3  grafts  lill  All  S. 

3.  Painted  peares 

4.  Norwich  peare 


Southt  Wed. 


1.  Harvey  aple 

2.  Ouadlinge  aple 
bunch  cherry 

lilli:  convall:  flo:  rubro 
Aconitum  luteum  Ponticum 
Lamium  Pannonicum 
Laburnum  leaved  trefoile 
Colutea  minor 
An  i  sum 

Digitalis  minor  lutea 

Astragaloides 

Balsamita  flo.  alb. 

Aconitum  flo.  delphinii 

Geranium  creticum  vaiiegatum 

Paralisis  flo:  viridi  simplici 

Sedum  serratum 

Cotiledon  minor 

Gelsimum  luteum 

Fragaria  fructu  aculeato 

Geranium  gratia  dei  batrachoides  albo, 

coerul.  et  variegat. 
Thlaspi  vaccariae  folio 
Jacea  Baetica 
Thlaspi  Mechlinense 

„  Creticum 
Hissopus  latifolia 


5  Mar.  Wimbor[ne] 
Dor.  lun.  10  Mar.  Dorchester 

Somers.  wed.     12  Mar.  Chard 
Cornub.  wed.      19  Mar.  Lanceston 
Exon.  civit.  lune  24  Mar.  Exon  Gildhall 
Devon.  Eadem  die  apud  Cash  .  .  . 
Wiltes  martii  j*^  Apr.  apud  Sarum 
18  Maij  rem.  4^^  5^  4^  ob. 

[MS.  f.  129. 

Salvia  versicolor 
Yucca 
Paliurus  ? 
Pistachio 

Periclimenum  rectum 
Laurus  Tinus 
Trachelium 
Rosmarinum 
Xardus  montana 
Gentianeila  verna 
Ranunculus  thalictri  folio 
Polygonatum  Virginianum 
Ignotum  ex  Virginia 
Tanacetum  striatum  et  hissopus 
an  Meum  alterum 

Cicer  arietinum  flo.  .  .  .  et  fructu  albo 

Cicutaria  max. 

Acanthus  syl. 

Keyri  max. 

Sorbus  legittimus 

Jacea  lutea 

Pimpinelia  fl.  albo 

Cirsium  mont.  mains 

[MS.  f.  129. 


INDEXES 
GOODYER'S  PLANT  LISTS 

The  following  Alphabetical  List  (Index  I)  includes  plants  with 
which  Goodyer  was  acquainted,  or  which  happened  to  interest  him. 
The  great  majority  were  in  cultivation  in  English  gardens  or  were 
those  whose  native  habitat  he  had  discovered.  That  it  was  not  ex- 
clusively a  garden-list  is  indicated  by  the  presence  in  it  of  '  Quercus 
marina'  and  of  other  seaweeds,  but  it  may  have  been  a  catalogue 
of  one  of  his  Horti  sicci.  There  are  two  copies  of  this  list  in 
Goodyer's  handwriting  (MS.  ii,  fif.  47-59).  The  fair  copy  seems 
to  have  been  written  out  in  the  winter  of  161 7  and  it  remained 
in  use  for  many  years,  for  several  additions  dated  1618,  1625,  1^28, 
1634,  &c.,  have  been  made  later.  A  few  of  these  added  notes  are 
printed  below,  in  the  form  of  foot-notes,  but  the  greater  number, 
being  dated,  have  already  been  included  among  his  descriptions  of 
plants  on  page  109  ct  seq.  The  names  are  mostly  those  used  by 
Gerard  and  Lobel,  with  a  few  taken  from  Dodoens,  Clusius, 
Deleschanips,  and  Matthiolus,  a  fact  which  points  to  the  date  of 
the  compilation  of  the  original  list  being  anterior  to  the  appearance 
of  Bauhin's  Pinax.  Goodyer  quotes  references  to  pages  of  Lobel 
and  Gerard  (1597)  throughout,  but  these,  and  his  synonyms,  have 
been  omitted  for  the  sake  of  economy  of  space. 

We  interpret  the  letters  C,  P.,  or  F.  in  the  margin  as  meaning 
that  the  plants  so  marked  were  growing  in  the  gardens  of  Coys, 
Parkinson,  or  Franqueville  respectively. 

These  two  lists,  written  out  as  they  were  within  a  few  months 
of  one  another  and  including  additions  up  to  the  year  1634,  are 
therefore  of  importance  for  tracing  the  spread  of  plants  in  English 
gardens.  In  the  earlier  list  the  number  of  plants  marked  P 
(Parkinson)  is  239,  in  the  later  list  264,  and  the  numbers  of  plants 
marked  C  (Coys)  are  147  and  324  in  the  two  lists  respectively. 
Eight  are  marked  as  growing  in  Franqueville's  garden. 

The  indexes  do  not  include  the  names  in  Tradescant's  lists, 
printed  on  pages  331-46,  which  should  also  be  consulted. 

c  c  2 


INDEX  I 


Pt.ant-Names  used  by  Goodyer. 


Names  in  ordinary  type  are  printed  from  Goodyer  MS.  ii,  ff.  47-59. 
Names  in  italics  occur  in  Goodyer's  other  MSS.,  and  are  probably 
of  later  date  than  the  others. 

C  =  grown  in  the  garden  of  Coys. 


P  = 
F  = 

c    Abies.  320 

Abrotanum  mas. 
c  „        foemina.  318 

Absinthium    marinum  album, 
Seriphium  vulgare.  281 
P    Absinthium  folio  Lavendulae. 

vulgare  Ponticum. 
CP  „        insipidum.  319,  353 

Acanthium  album. 
C    Acanthus  svlvestris  aculeatus. 

CP  „      sativus.  Brancaursina. 

3c6,3i8 

C    Acarna  flo.  rubro,  like  Carduus 
mariae,  but  higher  &  lesser.  145 
Acer  maior.     We  call  this  a 

Sycomore  tree. 
Acer  ininor.  275,283 
Acetosa  inaxivia.  194 
Achillea  sideritis.  155 
Acinos.  120,166,280,296 
P  Aconitum  hyemale. 
CP  ,,       luteum  Ponticum.  318 

CP  ,,        lycoctonum  flore 

Delphinii.  318 
p    Acorum  legittimum.  177 
Adianthum album et  nigrum.  263 
Adonir.  136,  319 

C  Aegylops. 
CP    Aethiopis.  305 
F    Agnus  castus.  326 

Agrimonia. 
C  Agrioriganum. 

Aizooii.  152 
CP    Alaternus.  270,317,346,355 
CP    Alcea  peregrina. 
p       „  vulgaris. 

,,     vulgaris  albo  flore.  in 
Alchimilla.  275,  306 

Alleluia  offic.  Opis  alba.  275 
C        „      offic.  Opis  lutea. 

Alliaria  recentiorum.  Ill 
Allium. 

„    ursinum  latifolium. 260,27  5 
See  also  Index 


„  Parkinson. 
„  Franqueville. 

Allium  silvestre  tenuifolium. 

260,  316 

Alnus. 

»     nigra.  175,  287 

Aloe.  261 
C    Alopecuros  gramen.  321 

Alsine  corniculata. 
CP       „     repens  maior  baccifera. 

261,  318 

P  maior 
,,  minima 

,.  hederacea)  „• 
„     hederula  [  Morsus  galh. 

„  foliis  trissaginis.  284 
„  my  OS  Otis.  129 
,,  pahistris.  179 
.,  aquatica.  194,280 
„    floscidis  coiiniventibus. 

195 

,,    serpillifolio.  275 
Althea.  287,  305,  346,  354 

C    Alyssum  Dioscoridis. 
C    Amara  dulcis. 
CP    Amaranthus  purpureus. 
CP    Ammi  vulgatius.  306,  320 

CP    Amomum  Plinii.  320 
Amygdalus. 

Anagallis.  284 
CP         ,,        foemina  coerulea.  287 
„        lutea.  187, 293 

,,  aquatica. 

195,  282,  300 
5,        aquatica  tercia.     1 1 1 
IT    Anagyris.  326 
P    Anchusa  lutea.  277 
C         ,,       supina  lusitanica  non 
script. 

Androsace.  150,281 
Androsaemum ;  Climenon  Italo- 
rum.  283 
P    Anemone  flo,  pallido.    I  cannot 
sett  downe  the  varieties  I  have 
seene.  306 
Anemone  Cardinals  Hatt. 

//  and  p.  334. 


GOODYER'S  LIST  OF  PLANTS 


.389 


Anemone  pleno  rubro. 
„  coeruleo. 
C  „       nemorum  albo  pleno 

Acre.  318 
Anemone  nemorum  albo. 

„       nemorum  purpurea. 
C  Anelhum. 

Angelica  sativa. 

silvestris.  275 

Anisum. 

Anonis.  277,287,355 
CP  Anthora. 

Anthyllis  leguminosa  Belgarum. 
,,  montana  Deles.  11 50. 
Anonymos  lini  folio  Clus.  324 ; 
Leguminosa  Belgarum  Lo.  O. 
87.  Ger.  1060.  Gerard's  figure 
of  Lagopus  max.  p.  1023  is 
likewise  a  trewe  figure  of  this. 

117 

c    Anthyllis  Valentina  Lo.  421  ; 
Herniaria  Boelii  Clus.  Cicr. 
post.  p.  37.   Ger.  p.  452  hath 
a  false  figure.  318 
Antirrhinum  album.  306 
C  „  minimum. 

purpureum. 
p  „  minus. 

115,  143,  275.  292 
C  „         mains  Baeticum 

flore  rubro. 
Aparine. 

Aphaca.  275 
Apium  hortense. 

„     crispum.  172 
C        ,,     Virginianum,  Petrose- 
linum. 

Aquifolium  sive  Agrifolium. 
P  Aquilegia. 

I  have  seene  of  more  colors 
than  I  can  nowe  remember. 

287,  347 

C  „  multiplex, 

c    Aracus  maior  Baeticus.  138 
„     minima.  193 
Arantia. 

P  Arbor  vitae.  327 
C       „  ^  Judae.  317,  346 

Arciiii7n  montanum.     194,  2S0 
C    Argemone.  i55>32o 
„        capituiolongiore.  178 
AriaTheo[phrasti]  Lo.  o.  167.  G. 
1 146.  Why  he  calleth  it  a  haw- 
thorne  I  knowe  not.  Deles. 
202  hath  a  very  trewe  figure  of 
it.    We  call  it  quick  beame. 

CP    Arisarum  latifolium.  319 
CP    Aristolochia  clematitis.  306 
P  „  rotunda. 


Armeniaca  malus. 
Armeria  alba  et  rubra,  &  of 
scverall  colours  on  one  slalk. 
C    Armeria  varia.  346 
Artemisia.  284 
Arum  offic.  280 
Arundo  Vallatoria.  176,280 
I'  Asaium. 
CP    Asclepias  fiore  albo. 
CP  flore  nigro. 

Ascyron.  275,  283-4 

Asparagus  sativus. 
Asperula. 
CP        „        flore  coeruleo. 

Asphodeliis.  145,  319 

Asplenium.  263 
„         silvestris  Tragi. 
CP    Aster  Italorum. 
CP       „    conizoides  ex  Virginia. 

120,  347 

P    Astragalus.  16,  347 

CP  marinus.  140 

P  Astrantia  nigra.  347 
CP    Atractylis  flo.  luteo. 

Atriplex  marina  repens.  285,300 
„       sativa  alba. 
„       sativa  purpurea. 
„  silvestris. 
P  olida. 
Avena  vesca. 
Avenaria  ustilago. 
P    Auricula  ursi  flore  rubro. 
,,       flore  purpureo. 

P    Baccharis  Monspeliensium. 
C    Balsamina  foem. 
Balsamita  mas. 
„  foem. 
C  „       foem.  flo.  albo.  Age- 

ratum. 

Barbarea.  320 
C         ,,        species.     Beros  ex 

Hispania.  317 
Bardana  minor.  128 
Batata  Virginiana.       320,  356 

,,     Hispanorum  at  Mr.  W°' 

Yaldens  21  Aug.  1637. 
Bellflower,  Lesser.  132 
Bellis  maior. 

,,     maior  silvestris. 

„     hortensis  multiplex  flore 

rubro. 

Bellis  hortensis  multiplex  flore 
albo. 

Bellis  hortensis  multiplex  varie- 
gatus. 

C    Bellis  spinosa.      316,  318,  321 
Berberis.  Holythorne. 
Beta  rubra. 
„  alba. 


Sec  also  Index  11  and  p.  334. 


390 


INDEX  I 


Beta  marina.  281,  285 

„    Cretica.  1 36 

Betonica. 
C  ,,     maior  Danica. 


CP 


flo.  albo. 


319.  324 
319 


.,  aquatica. 
Betula.  175 
Betulus.  275 
Bifolium. 
P    Bistorta  maior.  Reddshancks 

or  leggs._ 
P    Bistorta  minor.  347 
CP    Blattaria  flore  luteo.  112 
C         „       flore  albo.  347 
purp.  _  327 

C  maior  lusitanica  flo. 

odoratissimo. 
Blitum.  320 
C  sen  Amaranthi  species 

sem.  nigro,  like  Amaranthus 
tricolor. 

C    Blitum  spinosum  Creticum.  136 

Bonus  Henricus. 
C    Borago  hortensis.  128 
C  hortensis  flo.  albo. 

,,     semper  virens, 
CP    Botrys.  260 
Brassica  vulgaris  sativa. 
„       florida  botrytis. 
„       marina  monospermos. 

285 

capitata  alba. 
„       capitata  rubra. 
„       prolifera.  Colewort. 
Bromos  sterilis. 

Bryonia  alba.  262 
,,      nigra.  127,  262 

Buglossa  hispanica.  277 
Buglossum  angustifolium. 
.,        echioides  luteum. 
CP         „        scorpioides.  131, 318 
Bugula.  280 
Bulbocastanon. 
P    Bupthalmum  Dod.       327,  354- 
C  primum  Mathioli. 

Gerard  hath  the  same  fig. 
under  the  title  of  Buph- 
thalmum  album  p.  607. 

154,  318 

Bursa  pastoris. 

Buio77ins.  177,  258 

Buxus.  347 

P    Cachris  verior.    Gerard,  p.  858, 
hath  the  figure  of  Seseli  massi- 
liense  Mathi.  for  it. 
Cahwiagrostis.  172,  288 

CP    Calamintha  montana  praestan- 
tior. 


Calamintha  montana  vulgaris. 

aquatica  Belgarum. 

275 

P    Calceolus  Mariae.  347 
Calendula  simplici  flore. 
muitiflora. 
3,  prolifera. 
C  ,,  siivestrismediofusca 

Boet. 

C    Calendula  silvestris  medio  lutea 
Boet. 

Caltha  palustris.  347 
P        ,,     palustris  multiplex. 
CP    Campanula    persici-folia.  flo. 
albo  et  caeruleo.  347 
Campanula  minor  rotundifolia. 
Cannabis  sylvestris  spuria  altera. 
„       sylvestris  tercia. 
„       spuria.  194 
CP    Capnos  altera  fabacea  radice. 

263 

Capsicum. 

Caput  gallinaceum  Belgarum. 

178 

Cardamine  altera.  Lady  smocks. 

280 

i7}2patie7is.  189 

P  Cardiaca. 

Carduus   acaulis  septentriona- 
lium.  145 
P    Carduus  Mariae  lacteus. 

i45>  320 

C  „  flo.  nu- 

tante. 

CP    Carduus  globosus  maior.  327 
CP        „       globosus  minor. 
„  stellatus. 
„       e7'iocephahis,  see  Co- 
rona fratrum.  320 
C    Carduus    stellatus    flo.  luteo 
monspel. 
Carduus  Benedictus. 

spinosissimus. 
C        „       bulbosus  monspel. 

I44<  3I9 

,,       viarum  flo.  purpureo  \ 
viarum  flo.  albo  \ 
112,145 

We  have  a  kind  here  that 
smells  like  Musci. 
Carlina  silvestris.  112 
C    Caryophyllata    maior  rotundi- 
folia. 

P    Caryophyllata  vulgaris. 

Caryophyllus  marinus. 
C  proliferus. 
C  „  repens. 

multiplex.  I  have 
seen  more  varieties  of  them 
than  1  can  set  downe. 


Sec  also  htde?:  II  n>id  p.  33. 


GOODYER'S  LIST  OF  PLANTS 


391 


CP 


c 

CP 

c 

FP 


CP 


CP 


CP 

c 


F 
CP 


Carum.  C 

Castanea.  174,346  c 

Catanance. 

Cataputia  minor. 

Cnttaria  tuber osa .  161,318 

Caucalis  maior  Lusit.  128  c 

,,       vulgaris  albis  floribus. 

„       nodoso   echinato  se- 
mine.  114 
Caucalis  alterum  script.  c 

„       puinila.  195  P 

Cauda  muris. 

Centaurium  floribus  luteis. 

maius.     275,  305-6 
,,  parvum. 

maius  flore  luteo.  c 

Cepa  alba. 
„  rubra. 

Cerasus  nigra.  P 
„      Virginianus.  321 
„  vulgaris. 

vulgaris  duplici  flore. 
Cerefolium  vulgare.  263 
Cerinthe  flore  luteo.      128,  180 
„        flore  rubro.    128,  320 
Ceterach.  230 
Chamaecerasus.  326 
Chamaecyparissus.       G.   952,  p 
which  is  the  figure  of  Muscus 
terrestris  clavatus  alter  Mathi.  cP 
p.  120.  Most  authors  take  this  c 
plant  to  be  Abrotanum  foem.  c 
1  knowe  not  where  there  is  c 
a  trewe  figure  of  our  Lavender  c 
Cotton.  C 
Chamaedrys.  CP 
„  sylvestris. 
„  laciniatisfoliis. 
Chamaefilix  marina. 
Chamaeiris. 
Chamelaea  tricoccos. 
Chamaemelum. 

„  albo  duple  flore. 

319 

nudum  odora- 
tum.  281 
Chamaemespilus  Gesneri. 
Chamaemorus. 

Chamaenerium  Gesneri.  iii 
Chamaepytis  mas.  275  P 

„  vermiailata.    179  C 

Characias  monsp. 

„       amygdaloides,  our 
Woodspurge. 
Chelidonium  maius.  357  C 

„  minus.  1 1 5,  359  CP 
Chondrilla     semine    deciduo  p 

purpurante. 
Chondrilla  coeruleo  flore.  326 
Christophoriana.  288,  329 


284 
317 
230 

347 

317 


FCP 
P 
CP 


Chrysanthemum  creticum.  134 
„  spinosum  Boe- 

ticum. 

Chrysanthemum  segetum.  G. 
605  a  false  figure.  135 

Chrysanthemum  Boeticum  non 
scriptum.  135 

Chrysanthemum  tenuifol.  Boe- 
ticum. 135 

Cicer  rubrum  velarietinum.  306 

Cicercula  Clus:  236,  it  is  like  to 
Lathyrus.  354 

Cichor.um  sativum  coeruleum. 

260 

„  silvestre. 
„        flo.  rubro. 
J,         verrucaticm.  151 
Cicuta. 

Cicutaria  latifolia  foetidissima. 
fatua. 
„  palustris. 
„       tenuifolia.   G.  905.  It 
is  ye  fig.  of  Myrrhis  Math, 
p.  814.    Turner  2  pt.  fol.  60 
calls  it  Mock  Chervell,  but 
what  C^sshes  there  mentioned 
should  be,  1  knowe  not. 
Circaea  lutetiana. 
Cirsium  anj^licum. 

„  maius. 
Cistus  mas. 

foemina. 
ledon. 


288 
317 
317 
317 

317,359 


annuus  semine  albo. 
Clematis  peregrina  flo.  rubro. 
,,       daphnoides  maior.  348 
„       daphn.    minor  flore 
albo. 

Clematis   daphn.   minor  flore 

coeruleo. 
Clematis  daphn.   minor  flore 

purpureo  pleno. 
Clematis  coerulea  Pannonica. 

326 

flo.  purpureo. 
Cloudberry. 
Cnicus  flore  coeruleo. 
Cochlearia  Batava. 
„  Britanica. 
„       rotundifolia  maior. 
„       rotundifolia  minor. 

317 

Colchicum  flo,  albo  et  purpurea. 

no,  300 

Colus  Jovis.  319,  320 

Colutea  Theophrasti. 

„  scorpioides. 
Coniza  media. 

minima. 

aquatica  laciniaia.  193 


195 
317 
288 


Sec  also  Index  II  and  p.  354. 


392 


INDEX  I 


Coniza  cojrulea.  162 
G    Consiligo  Ruellii. 
p    Consolida  regalis.  281 
„       regalis  florepurpureo. 
regalis  albo. 
regalis  rubro. 
,,       regia  segetum. 
Convohniliis  minor. 

coe7-uIeiis  viinof' 
Baeticus.  129 
Convolvulus  coeruletcs  Bryoniae 
folio.  153 
C  Coriandrum. 
c    Cornu  cerviiim  ex  Italia, 
p    Cornus  mas.  305,  346 

„      foemina.  346 
CP    Corona  fratrum.     109,  127,  146 
Coronopus. 

„         repens  Ruellii.  261 
P    Cortusa  Mathioli. 

Corylus  persimilis  Aeno.  Nux 

avellana. 
Corylus  sylvestris. 
Cotonea  mala.    Quince  tree. 
Cotula  foetida.      We   call  it 
Margin.        *  135^  3oo 

Cotyledon  aquaticum. 
Crassula. 
C        J,        maior  Hispanica.  319 
Crateogonon  rubrum.  118 
Crista  galli  offic.  261 
Crithmum.  193,  357 

Cruciata  minor.  352 
C    Cucumis  asininus.  347 

„  sativus. 
P    Cupressus.  306,  337 

Cuscuta.  112,  163 

P    Cyanus  maior. 

„      vulgaris  flo.  coeruleo. 

119 

C        ,,  varius. 
CP    Cyclamen  folio  Hederae. 

284,  319 

CP  Romanum  orbiculato 

folio.  319 
C    Cymbalaria  Italica.       163,  317 
Cynara  maxima. 

maxima  alba. 
C        „  sylvestris. 

Cynocrambe.    G.  263  hath  ye 
fig.  of  Phyllon  Achenogonon 
for  it.  275 
Cynoglossum  maximum. 

147,  284 


folio. 


C    Daucus  Cretensis.  284,318,359 
„      Hispaniacs.  327 
Dens  leonis  vulgaris.     115,  319 
P    Dentaria  bulbifera.  123,186 
P    Digitalis  ferruginea.  186,327 
P         „       flo.  pallido  luteo.  327 
„       purpurea.  262 
C  alba  minor. 

Dipsacus  sativus. 
„  silvestris. 
PC    Doronicum  Romanum.  347 
Draco  herba. 
Dracontia  anguina. 
Dryopteris.    183,  189,275,  302 


p  Ebulus. 

Echium  vulgare. 
c        ,,      flo.  rubro. 
c  angustifolio. 


Ill 

288 
317 
317 


C        ,,      omnium  maximum  Lusi- 
tanicum  flo.  carneo.  317 
Elatine   Dioscorid :  Veronica 
foemina  Fuchsii  altera.  163 
Endivia. 
Enula  campana. 
E pier  ion.  275 
p  Epimedium. 

Equisetum.  282,  284 

Erica.    I  have  not  observed  the 
differences.  280,  288 

C    Eruca  maior  flo.  albo.  320 
„     palustris  mijior.  292 

sativa. 
„  silvestris. 
p    Ervila.  16,  141 

Erygeron. 
CP    Eryngium  coeruleum  Alpinum. 
c  „        Alpinum  flo.  albo. 

317 

CP         „        luteum  Monspel. 
,,  Mediterraneum. 

marinum.  1 10 

Erysime  similis. 
CP    Erysimum  Italicum  &  Mathioli. 
„  Diosc. 
„  Theo. 

„         ii  Tab.         191,  293 
P    Esula  maior.  263 
exigua. 


'oiunda. 


327 


Boeticum  Buglossi 
317 

Cyperus  longus.  English  Galin- 
gale. 

Cyperus  g  ramineus.  175 
CP    Cytisus  maior  sempervirens.  317 

.Sec  also  Index  II  and  p.  334. 


Euonimus  Theophrasti.  346 
Eupatorium  cannabinum  foem. 

„         mas.  275 
Euphrasia.  283 
„         2^  Dodonaei.  117 
„         2  Dod.  flo.  albo.  150 


Faba  maior  recent. 
CP      ,,    silvestrisGraecorum.  Faba 
veterum.  140 


GOODYER'S  LIST  OF  PLANTS 


393 


C    Faba  veterum  serratis  foliis.  140 
Fagus.  188,  189 

Ferrum  equinum  Germanicum 
siliquis  in  sunimitate.  187 
CP  Ferula. 
Ficus. 
p       „  Indica. 
P  Filipendula. 

Filix  mas.  1 8 1-3 

„  foem. 

spinosa.  230 
„   palustris.  230 
P    Flammula  Jovis  subrecta.  359 
CP    Flos  Adonis  flo.  rubro.   136,  319 
P  Africanus. 
P  solis.  166 

P      „    solis  Peruvianus.  167 
Foeniculum  vulgare.  296 
„  dulce. 
C  silvestre  Lusitani- 

cum.  318 
CP  F'oenugraecum. 

Fontilapathum  pusillum. 
Fragaria. 

„       maior  subalba. 
,,  sterilis. 
CP  Fraxinella. 

Fraxinus.  114 
Frumentum  Turcicum.  We  call 

it  Virginian  wljeate. 
Fumaria.  263,  359 

,,      claviculisdonatis.  151 
Fungi.  196,278,283,353 


Galega. 


306,  327 


P 

C        „      flo.  albo. 
c    Galeopsis  Clus.  legittimo. 

317,  359 

C        ,,        Pannonica  flo.  rubro. 
flo.  albo  lusit. 
„        flo.  rubro  elegantis- 
simo  Boetico.  317 
Galium  luteum.  113 
„     album.  192 
CP    Genista  Hispanica.  353 
„       Scoparia  vulgi. 
„       Scorpius  primus  Clusii. 
Furze. 

Genista  spinosa  min  or.  189,282 
„  „      7najor.  190 

Genistae  rapum. 
Genistella  infectoria. 

aculeata.  We  call  this 
Stichwort. 
CP    Gentiana  maior.  284 
CP  concava. 
P         ,,       minor  sive  Cruciata. 

„       minima.  287 
P    Geranium  flore  coeruleo. 
P  „  malvoides. 


Geranium  Columbinum. 

191,  281,  293,  301 
„       Robertianum.  281 
CP  „        Haematodes.  319 


moschatum. 


147 


„      moschatum  inodoruni. 
,,  sanguinar. 
c  Creticum.  147 

c         „       Boeticum  species.  146 
,,        saxatile.  185 
„        Roma7iiun.  327 
Gladiolus  palustris.  258 
Glastum  sativum. 
Glaux  vulgaris.  140 
„     ixiguamarittima.  Atrewe 
figure  in  Delesc.  p.  487.  352 
Glycirrhiza.  275,  283 

Gnaphaiium  Americanum.  148 
Anglicum. 
„  vulgare. 
„        inarinum.  148 
Gramen  iunceum.  282 
„  fluviatile. 

,,     exile  hirsutum.  We  call 
this  Hares  here.  285 
Gramen  marinum  spicatum. 
„     aquaticum  Cyperoides. 

194 

„     caninum.  257 
„     caninum  nodosum. 
„  tomentarium. 
„  leucanthemum. 
„     cristatum.  157 
„      bufonhwi.  275 
„     treinulum.  158,  285, 289 
„     pa7iiceum.  195 
Gramen  sp. 

249,  257,  282,  285-6,  289 
c    •    „       lupuli  glumis.  158,347 
c         „  striatum. 
CP        „       plumosum.     289,  318 
„       Alopecuroides.  282 
,,        ak^KTpvovvpo^.   10  Feb. 
1622.  171 
Gramen  parnassi.  180 
CP    Gratiola.  305,  317 

„       latifolia.  301 
P    Guaiacum  Patavinum. 


Halicacabus.  2j^,  359 

P    Halymus  vulgaris.  G.  420.  No 

good  figure. 
C    Halymus  surrectus  Clusii.  320 
Hedera  corymbosa  communis. 
„  terrestris. 
CP    Hedysarum  clypeatum.  147,  3 18 
P  „        sine  securidaca.305 

C  „        securidaca  maior 

Clusii. 


See  also  Index  J I  and  p.  334. 


394 


INDEX  I 


C  Heliotropium  Indicum  vel  Vir- 
ginianiim.  Yow  had  lately 
planted  it  when  I  was  at  your 
howse  25  Martii  161 7. 

109,  166,  317 

CP  Helleborastrum. 
P    Helleborine.  275,  292 

P  Helleborus  albus.  337 
FP  albus    flo.  atroru- 

bente.  326 
CP    Helleborus  niger  varus.  327,  347 
Helxine.  237 
C    Hepatica  trifolia  coeruleo  pleno 
flore.  319 
P    Hepatica  exalbido  flore. 

Heptaphyllon. 
C  „  maius.  155,319 

Herba  aqtcatica  7'ubescens.  187 
CP  Herba  Doria.  119,319 
CP        „  altera  serrato  folio. 

119 

P    Herba  Paris.  110,275,307 
P    Herniaria.  327 
Hieratium  alterum  grand  ius.  284 
„        longius  radicatum. 
„        aphacoides.  Succorie 
hawk  weed.    I  have  seen  an- 
other Hieratium  of  4  or  5  foot 
high  having  a  round  smoothe 
stalk.  283 
C    Hieracium  falcatum  maius.  149 
C  ,,        falcatum  minus. 

C  ,,        medio  nigrum  flore 

majore.  149 
C    Hieracium  medio  nigrum  ilore 
minore.  149 
Hieracium  stellatum.  149 
,,        intybaceuin,  149 
,,        latiosnm.  150 
CP    Hippoglossum  bonifacia. 
P    Hippolapathum  rotundifolium. 

„  sativum  latifo- 

lium. 

Hipposelinum.  347 
C  ,,  marittimum 

Ouicki.  318 
Holostewn.  193,  280,  293 

Bone  wort.  123 
Hop.  114 
Hordeum  spurium. 

distichon.      Lo.  29. 
Ger.  calls  this  Polystichum, 
p.  64,  which  is  false  or  els  his 
fig.  is  misplaced. 
C    Hordeum  nudum. 

Hordei  distichi  ustilago. 
Horminum  sylvestre  sive  oculus 
Christi.  289 
P    Horminum  sylvestre  Pannoni- 
cum.  156 


C    Horminum  flore  coeruleo. 
Hydrolapathum  magnum. 
CP    Hyosciamus  albus. 

„  niger. 
C  „  luteus. 

c  ,,         albus  lutescens 

medio  purpureus. 
C    Hypecoum  Clusii.  129,  306,  309 
P    Hypericum.  302 
„  Syriacum. 
„  exiguum  Tragi. 

„  tomentosum. 
Hyssopus  ofRc.  flo.  coeruleo.  115 
C  „       flo.  albo.  319 

Jacea  maior.  165 
C  paiustris   lusitanica  non 

script.  164,  317 

C  Jacea  repens  luteo  flore.  317 
C  „  albo  flore.  110,317 
C  „  capitulis  hirsutis.  164, 317 
P  marina.  317 

P  ,,  marina  Baetica. 
C       ,,     Baetica  aestiva. 

Jacobaea  marina.  284 
,,        Pimnonica.    194,  289 
Jasminum. 

„  Americanum. 
C    Ignotum  ex  Virginea  flo.  Chry- 
santhemi  parvo  radice  repenti, 
like  to  Lysimachia  lutea. 
P    Ilex  glandifera. 

lUecebra. 
P    Imperatoria.  284 
Iris  alba. 
„   paiustris  lutea.  177 
vulgaris. 

C    Isatis  silvestris  vaccaria.  261 
Juncus  laevis. 

„     aquaticus  maximus. 
Juniperus.  123,  195 


Kali  geniculatum. 
„  minus. 


Salicornia. 


CP    Laburnum.  320 
Lactuca  sativa. ' 

p               agnina.  133,  284 

P         „      agrestis.  1 59 

„  capitata. 

C  Virginiana.  319 
C  crispa. 

„      sylvestris.  ill,  158 

Lagopus.  144 
CP        „       flore  ruberrimo.  284 
Lamium  album. 

„       rubrum.  281 

„       luteum.  281,  317 

P        „       Pannonicum.  G.  568, 

a  false  figure.  156 


See  also  Index  II  and  p.  334. 


GOODYKR'S  LIST  OF  PLANTS 


395 


C    Lamium  Pannonicum.  2  Clusii. 
Lampsana.    Hastie  Roger,  for 
cutts.  149 
Lapathiim  sanguineum. 
„  acuium. 

folio  minus  acuto. 
Lappa  maior.    Bardana  maior. 
Lathyrus     sylvestris  fioribus 
luteis. 

Lathyrus  latiore  folio  137 
C  palustris  Lusit.  137 

C         „       Creticus  belli. 

,,       perenni  radice. 
C         ,,       Orobeus  Boeticus. 
C  Dumetorum  Baetic.  138 

„       aestivtis  Baetiais.  \yj 
„       viajor  ang.  195 
Laureola. 
FP    Laurocerasus.  326 
Laurus  mas. 
foem. 

Legumen  pallidum.  139 
C    Lens  minor. 

„  palustris. 
Lens  mhior.  1 1 1 

Lepidium  Aeginetae. 
Leucojum  luteum  duplici  flore. 
C  „       luteum  simplici  flore. 

Wall-flower    &  Hartesease. 
lone   Grant :    Turner  calls 
it  so. 
Leucojum  album. 

„  purpureum. 
P  „       Patavinum  marinum. 

„       melancholicu7n.  327 
P    Levisticum.    Lo.  703.    G.  855 
hath  ye  fig.  of  Siler  montanum 
for  it ;  and  hath  put  the  figure 
of  Levisticum  mathi.  p.  853 
for  Laserpitium. 
c    Levisticum  verum  Gerardi.  319 
Lichen.  230 

„  marinus. 
Ligustrum. 
P    Lilium  Convallium. 

„  Convallium  rubro  flore. 
Limonium.  285 
Linaria.  118,  324 

C  aestiva  minor.  143 

Linum  sativum. 

Lintim  catharticuin.  IC9,  112 
P    Lithospermum  maius. 

„  minus. 
Lolium  album. 
F    Lotus  arbor.         326,  339,  346 
CP       ,,     siliquosus.    Pisum  quad- 
ratum.  139 
Lunaria  minor.      no,  263,  264 
CP    Lupinus  sativus  flo.  luteo. 
P         „  „     flo.  coeruleo. 


Lupinus  coeruleo  maior. 

ex  coeruleo  albo. 
„       Indicus    flo.  coeruleo 
medio  purpureo. 
Lupulus  salictainus. 

„  sylvestris. 
Luteola.  134 
Lycl.nis  sylvestris  albus  multi- 
plex. 

Lychnis  sylvestris  cauliculis  stri- 

atis  albo  flore. 
Lychnis  sylvestris  rubello  flore. 

195 

Chalcedonica. 
„  „        fl.  carneo, 

flo.  albo. 
,,  „        flo.  mi- 

niato  et  carneo. 
Lychnis  coronaria  alba. 

coronaria  rubra. 
„      coronaria  flo.  suaveru- 
bente. 

LychnismarinaAnglica.  282,318 
Lysimachia  lutea.  275 
campestris. 
galericulata. 
flore  Delphinii. 
coerulea.  320 
purpurea  spicata. 

357 

siliquosa. 

siliquosa  ex  Boria- 
libus  Virginiae.  159 
Lysimachia  forte.  Wiltshere. 

Ill 


Majorana  nostras.  120 
Malus. 

„      silvestris.    Crabbe  tree, 
vvildinge  tree. 
Malva  rosea  fruticosa. 
C  rosea  multiplex 

(albo  ] 
j  rubro      \  flore. 
( purpureo] 
Malva  silvestris  repens  pumila. 
silvestris  precocior  vulgaris, 
crispa. 

„     vesicaria.      Vide  Alcea 
peregrina. 
Malva  aestiva  flo.  ampio  Baet. 

134 

CP  Mandragoras  mas.  339 
P  „  foem. 

P    Maracoc  Virginiana.     165,  320 
Marrubium  album. 

„         aquaticum  vulgi. 
„         nigrum.  287 
Marum,  herbe  Mastick. 
Matricaria  nostras. 


CP 


See  also  Index  71  nnd  p.  334. 


39^ 


INDEX  I 


C    Matricaria  grato  odore. 

Medica  spinosa.  142 
anghca.  141 
„     pericarpio  piano.  143 
C  minor  elegans. 

C        „      marina  spinosa. 
c  vulgaris. 

M elampirum.  1 1 8 

c    Melilotus  Italica.  126,  317 

CP         „       Germanica  flo.  albo. 

317 

„  coronata. 
„       Indiae.  126 
C    Melissa  Turcica. 

Melo.    Muske  Melon.  165 
P    Mentha  Cattaria. 
C        „      Cattaria  media. 

„      Cattaria  minima. 


Muscus  marinus  sive  corallina. 
Myagrum  monospermon. 


CP 


thlaspi  facie. 


Cattaria  tuberosa. 


c 
c 

C  Romana  ofific.  319 

sativa  rubra. 
,,      Sisymbria  aquatica. 
F  Danica.  326 

Menthastrum. 
C  „  montanum. 

Ill,  318 

CP  Mercurialis  mas.  327 
CP  „  foemina. 

c  species  forte  ex  Vir- 

ginea. 
Mespilus. 
CP    Meum.  348 
P    Mezereon  Germanorum. 
CP    Millefolium  odoratum  sive  no- 
bile.  319 
P    Millefolium  luteum. 

„         terrestre  purpureis 
floribus. 
Millefolium  terrestre  vulgare. 
„         flore  &  semine  Ra- 
nunculi. 

Millegrana  minima.  275 
Mill  mountaine.  109,112 
CP    Mirabilia  Peruviana. 
Moly  serpentinum. 

Homericum. 
Morsus  Diaboli. 

,,  Ranae. 
Morus  Candida. 

celsa  offic. 
Muscatella  Cordi.         126,  291 
CP    Muscipula.  348 
Muscus  terrestris  vulgaris, 
ramosus. 
„      ramosus  floridus. 
„      pyxidatus.  230 
„       peltatiis.  230 
„  clavatus. 
,,  scoparius. 
quercus. 


CP  Myrrhis. 

Myrtus  Brabantica. 


319 
290 


Napellus  verus  coeruleus.  348 
C  minor  serotinus. 

Napus  sive  Bunias. 

„     silvestris.  290 
P    Nasturtium  Indicum. 
C  „        hortorum  crispum. 

„  hortense. 
„        aquaticum.  The 
fig.  is  misplaced  in  Ger.  p.  200. 
Sion  cratervae  Erucae  folium 
Lo.  209. 

Nepeta  media.  162 
P    Nerium.  Oleander. 

Nidus  avis.  126,  195,  290 

C  Nigella  Delphinium  elatius  var. 
color. 

C  Nigella  trigonum  Lusitanicum. 
CP  Romana  flo.  albo. 

152,  348 

„      vniltiplex.  152 
„     €lega7is.  153 
Nummularia.  261 
Nux  Juglans.  112,174 
Nymphaea  alba. 

„         lutea.  262,  281 

Ocymoides  semper  virens,  Clus. 

99 

Ocymum. 
C    Oenanthe  cicute  facie.  319 
C  „        fiiipendula  aquatica. 

angustifolia. 

115,  143,  I95>  327 
C  stellata. 
Olea  silvestris. 
Ophioglossum. 
Ornithopodium  perpusillum. 
Orobanche.  1 26 

C    Orobus  ex  Venetiis. 
P        ,,     recept  herbariorum. 
Osmunda.  275 
CP    Oxalis  franca.  319 
,,     tenuifolia  sinuata  verve- 
rina. 

Oxis,  vide  Alleluia. 
Oxyacantha.  Hawthorne. 

286,  292 

CP    Paeonia  mas.     I  heard  of  one 

with  doble  flowers. 
CP    Paeonia  foemina. 

foemina  multiplex  rubro 

flore. 

Palma.  1 84 


Sec  also  Index  II  and  p.  334. 


GOODYER'S  LIST  OF  PLANTS 


;97 


Paludapium. 
C  ,,         selino  Italorum, 

Panax  coloni.  Lamium  ut  puto. 
CP  heracleum    alteram  re- 

centiorum. 
C    Panicum  vulgare. 

„      sylvest?-e.  1 20 

P    Papaver  spiimen. 

„       album  sativum. 
C        ,,       album  multiflorum. 

corniculatum  flore  lu- 

teo. 

Papaver  cornutum  flo.  rubro. 

283,  290 

„       rhaeas.  155 
CP        „       spinosum,  Clus.  320 
Parietaria.  118 
Paronychia  alsine  folia.  290 

„        rutaceo  folio. 
Pastinaca  domestica  vulgi. 

sativa  atro  rubens. 
latifolia  sylvestris. 
„       sativa  Diosc. 

silvestris  tenuifolia.  • 
„       aquatica  mi?tor.  116 
„  latifolia. 1^6 

„  maxima.i'j6 
Pedicularis.  263,  290 

P    Pentaphyllon  maius.  Quinque- 
folium. 

P    Pentaphyllon  minimum  alpinum 
petrosum. 
Pentaphyllon     supinum  Tor- 
mentillae  facie.  275 
Pentaphyllon  vulgare. 
Pepo  oblongus. 
„  rotundus. 
CP    Perfoliatum  vulgatius.  261,  281 
CP    Periclymenum  rectum. 

281,  301,  320,  346 
„  perfoliatum. 

non  perfoliatum. 
P    Periplocarepens  folio  angustiore. 

346 

,,       recta  latifolia  Virgini- 
ana. 

Persica  malus.  131,  321 

,,  malacatone. 
Persicaria  Hydropiper. 

„       mitis  maculosa. 
Pes  anserinus. 

Petasites.  275 
Petroselinum,  vide  Apium. 

318,  327 

Petum  indiaim,  160 
CP    Peucedanum.  348 
C    Phalaris  bulbosa.  I33>  317 

pratensis.  282 
C  „  minor  Boet.  albo.  133 
C  minor  nigro.  133 

See  also  Index 


c    Phaseolus  vulgaris  albus. 
„        vulgaris  niger. 
„       vulgaris  ruber. 
Phyllitis.  230 
1'         „       multifidofolio.  185,279 
P    Phytcuma  monspel.      134,  327 
P    Pilosella  maior. 
C         „       maiore  Syriaca.  317 
repens.  150 
flo.  coeruleo. 
flo.  carneo. 
P    Pimpinella maior  Fuchsii.  L.720. 
Ger.  fig.  887  agrees  not  with 
this  herbe. 
P    Pimpinella  saxifraga  minor. 

282,  286 

P  „  hortensis, 

„        hortensis  maior. 
C  ,,  agrimoniaefolio.318 

Pinus. 

CP    PishimonprunusVirginiana.  320 
Pisum. 

C  falcatum  Boet.sinemem- 

brano. 

C    Pisum  Indicum  Gerardo.  Vicia 
fructu  albo.  139 
Pisum  maculatum  Boelii.  16, 141 
„      vulgatius  maius. 
minus. 

C       „      silvestre  Boeticum. 

„      umbellatum.     G.  1045. 
flench  pease. 
Plantago  incana. 
CP         .,       rosea  spicata. 

„  quinquenervia.186,301 
aquatica.        293,  353 
„       aquatica  stellata. 

no,  180 

„  marina, 
p    Plumbago  Phnii.  Dentaria  Ron- 
deletii. 

Pneumonantke.  1 70 

Podagria  germanica.  1 10 

Polemonium  monspel. 
P    Polium  montanum.  281 
Polygala  flore  coeruleo. 
„      flore  purpureo. 
„      flore  albo. 
,,      flore  rubro. 
„      obsoleto  flore. 
C    Polygonatum.  341 
C  angustifolium. 
p  „  Virginianum. 

Polygonum  Germanicum.  no 
„  foemina. 
„        mas  vulgare. 

inarinum  sp.  148 
,,        alterum.  151 
Polypodium.  184,  230 

C    Pomum  amoris  parvum. 

//  a?id  p,  334. 


398 


INDEX  I 


c    Pomum  spinosum.  327 
c        „      spinosum  flo.  coeruleo. 
Populus  alba. 

nigra. 
Lybica. 

Porrum  vulgare.  260 
„      tonsile.    French  leeks. 

260 

Portulaca  domestica. 
Potamogeton. 

Potentilla.    Argentina.  262 

Primula  hortensis  maxima  An- 
glica  floribus  plenis.  280 

Primula    veris,   flore  gemino. 
Cowslipps  2  in  a  hose. 
Primrose  2  in  a  hose.  109,316 

Primula  veris  rubro  flore.  283 
„      pratensis.  Cowslips. 
„      pratensis  inodora.  Ox- 
lips. 

Primula  silvarum. 

„      silvarum    obscura  vi- 
rentibus. 
Prunella. 

„       flore  albo.  293 
Prunus  sylvestris. 

„  domestica. 
Pseudo-melanihium.  112 
c    Psillium.  157,348 

Ptarmica  folio  Taraconis. 
CP  ,,      Imperati.  119,319 

Pulegium  regium  vulgatum.  281 
CP  cervinum. 
c    Pulmonaria  maculosa.    G.  662. 

inc.  flo.  10  Marcii.  320 
C    Pulmonaria  non  maculosa.  320 
officinar. 
, ,        foliis  Ech  //.  1 1 5 , 1 9  5 
„         gaUica  atirea.  180 
Punicum  malum. 
Pyra. 

P    Pyracantha.  346 
C    Pyrethrum  offic.  320 
Pyrus  silvestris. 

Ouadrifolium  Phaeum  fuscum 

hortorum. 
Ouercus  marina.    Sea  oare. 

vulgaris.  173,  195,  283 
Quinquefolmm.  170 

CP    Radix  cava  flore  albo.  348 
Ranunculus  albus  multiflorus. 
„  aquaticus. 

aquatilis  flammeus 
angustifolius. 
Ranunculus  aquatilis  angusti- 
folius serratus. 
P    Ranunculus  arvorum. 

auricomus. 


Ranunculus  bulbosus. 
P  ,,        Creticus  flo.  albo. 

P  gramineus. 
P  „         lllyricus  minor. 

P  ,,         lllyricus  maior. 

P  ,,         omnium  maximus. 

,,         magnus  Anglicu.s 
polyanthos  flo.  luteo.  284 
Ranunculus  maximus  multiplex. 

palustris  rotundiore 

folio. 

Ranunculus  pratensis. 
p  „         Pyrenaeus  folio 

plantaginis. 
c    Ranunculus  globosus.  319 
„         Apulei  quibusdam 
Clus.  p.  233. 
Raphanus  silvestris  aquaticus. 
P  rusticanus. 
P  „  niger. 

„  sativus. 
Rapistrum  arvorum. 

„        flo.  albo. 
Rapum  maius  orbiculatum. 
.,      silvestris  non  bulbosum. 

191 

C    Rapunculum  silvestre  Tragi. 

Ill, 116 
„  cornictilatus. 

185,230 

P    Rapuntium  parvum.  320 
CP    Rha  capitatum  folio  Enulae.  318 
CP       „  Ponticum  verum.  318 
p    Rhamnus  primus  Clusii.  263,275 
C  „       Clusii.  319 

,,  solutivas. 
p    Rheseda.  134 
P    Rhodia  radix, 
p    Rhus  Plinii  myrtifolia. 
p       „    coriaria  Virginiana.  Su- 
mach. 321,  346 
Ribes  Arabum. 
„  nigra. 
C  Ricinus. 
Ros  solis. 

Rosa  moscata  simplici  flore. 

cinamomea    flore  pleno. 
Rose  de  Canelle. 
Rosa  cinamomea  simplici  flore. 

112 

C  sine  spinis.  319 

„  aiba. 

„    silvestris  pomifera. 

canina  odorata. 
.,    canina  inodora. 
„    Hollandica.  Province 
Rose. 

Rosa  holoserica.  no 
„  lutea. 
c       „    semper  virens.  319 


^ee  also  Index  11  and  -p.  334. 


GOODYER'S  LIST  OF  PLANTS 


399 


Rosa  rubra, 

„  Damascena. 
Rosmarinum  Coronarium. 

168,  281 

Rubia  maior  tinctorum.  275 
„     silvestris.  191,  291 

C       „     spicata  Clusii.  132 

Rubus.  114 
„  Idaeus. 

Ruscus. 

C    Ruta  hortensis.  129 
muraria.  263 


c    Sabina  baccifera. 

„     vulgatior,  sive  sterilis. 
Sagittaria  aquatica.  283,291 
Salix  aquatica.     I  have  seene 
8  kinds  of  osyars  thus  called 
by  the  baskett-makers.  77 
Salix  caprea  latifolia. 
„    humilis  repens. 
C    Salvia  Indica.  317 
maior. 
,,     maior  rubra. 
„  minor. 
„  agrestis. 
Sambucus. 

„  aquatica 
„        rosea.  346 
C    Sana  sancta  Indorum:  a  trewe 

Tabaco.    Petum  latifolium. 
P    Sanicula.  275 
CP        ,,  guttata. 
Sapouaria. 

Satureia     hortensis.  Winter- 

Savorie. 
Satureia  hortensis  aestiva. 
Saxifraga  alba. 

„      aurea  lichenis  facie. 

,,      Anglica   facie  Seseli 
prat,  monsp. 
Scabiosa  maior  vulgatior. 

,,      maior    vulgatior  flo. 
albo. 

Scabiosa  minor.  164 
minima  hirsuta.  110 
CP  „      montana  flo.  luteo. 

285,  320 

„     J?ore  rubro.  164 
Scarlea. 

Schoenoprassum.    Gives.  260 
Scolymus  Theophrasti.  318 
„  akerum. 
Scordium. 
C    Scorpioides    repens  Bupleuri 
folio.  151 
C    Scorpioides  Mathioli.  Telephi- 
um  Scorpioides.        131,  305 

See  also  Index 


C    Scorpioides  siliqua  crassa.  151 
7nultijluriis.  151 
CP    Scorzonera  latifolia.  317 
c  ,,        angustifolia.  317 

C    Scrophularia    Lusitanica  non 
script,  317 
P    Scrophularia     lutea  liauhini. 
Math,  p,  792.  ?  whether  all  are 
not  Lamium  2  exotic.  Clusii. 
Scrophularia  maior.  156 
secunda  Cretica. 

Secale. 

Secalina  ustilago. 
Securidaca  minor.        1 30,  1 40 
C    Sedum  maius  Lusitanicum.  279 
„     minus    offic.  Prick- 
madam.  284 
Sediim  Divi  Vificentii.  195 
Sedum     minus  haematodes. 

Stonecroppe. 
Sempervivum  maius. 
Serpillum  vulgare. 

143,  195,  281,  283 
Serratula.  287,  302 

C    Sesamoides  argentea.  317 
,,  salmanticum. 
CP    Seseli.  346 
P       „     species  a  D.  Franquville. 

326 

C  „  species  monspel.  319 
P  Aethiopicum.  346 

CP       „     Aethiopicum  Mathioli, 
CP       ,,  Creticum. 
C    Sideritis  species.  230,281 
Silibiim.  145 
Sinapi  sativum, 

„      alterur;!  sativum.  White 
pepper.  162 
Sisarum, 

c    Siser  erraticum  Plinii.  Droxford. 

112 

Sison  Math,  552, 
Slum  maius  =  Pastinaca  aqua- 
tica. 116,  281 
Slum  Olusatri  folio,      179,  292 
,,     odoratum.  121 
„     repens.  114 
„     siifoliis.  121 
„     pusilhwi.  192 
„      agrorum.  yz'j 
C    Smilax  coeruleus  minor  Boetic. 
„  laevis. 

laevis  minor. 
C    Smyrnium  Creticum.  318 
P    Solanum  helicacabum, 

,,  hortense. 
P         „       somniferurn  &  lethale, 
Bella  dona,  275 
CP    Solanum  Virginianum,  321 
C         „       Boeticum  flo.  rubro. 

//  tmd  p.  334. 


400  INDEX 

p    Soldanella  marina.  185 
CP  SolidagoSarracenicagermanica. 
Sonchus  aspera  vulgi. 

„       foliis  profundis  laciniis 
sinuata  hederacea.  284 
C    Sonchus  Africanus  Boelio  :  like 
a  Dandelion. 
Sophia  Chirurgorum. 

„  latifolia. 
Sorbus  tormentalis  Plinii. 

„     sylvestr.  Alpina. 
Sparganium. 

Spartum  Anglicanum.  171,  282 
Spergula  saginae.  275 

„  marina. 
Spicalavendulaflo.coeruleo.  157 

„     hortensis  minima. 
Spinacia. 
Spondilium. 
CP    Stachys.  177 
c    Staphilodendron  Plinii. 
p    Stoebe  Salmantica.  154 
c        „     Salmantica  altera.  317 
Stoechas. 

Superba  maior  vulgaris  flo.  Ar- 

meriae. 
Symphytum  alum, 
p  „  tuberosum. 


Synanchica  Deles.  113,  2S4 

P  Syringa  Italica  alba.  346 
p        „  coerulea. 

Tabaco.  l6l,  327 

Tamariscus.  305 


Tanacetum  millefolii  foliis.  154 
CP  „        non  odorum. 

speciosus  cristatum 
Anglicum. 
Tapsus  barbatus.  281 
Taxus.  123,  168,  195,  292 

C    Telephium  legittimum  Imperati. 

318 

C    Terrae  glandes.  Chamabalani. 

P    Tetrahit.  194  > 

C    Teucrium  arborescens.  317 

p    Thalictrum  pratensis. 

p  ,,  tenuifolium. 

CP  Hispanicum  aqui- 

linae  folio.  348 

p  Thapsia. 
CP    Thlaspi  Diosc. 

p        .,      vulgatissimum :  mytri- 
date  mustard. 

c    Thlaspi  candice  flo.  albo. 


umbellosmn.  1 30 

C    Thymbra  Boelii.  317 

Thymum  durius.  179 

'  „  latifolium. 

Tilia  foemina.  346 


See  also  Index 


I 

Tithymalus    Cupressinus  sive 
humipinus.   Welcome  to  our 
howse,  or  Cypres  Spurge. 
C    Tithymalus  montanus  Boet. 
,,  helioscopius. 
„  paralius. 
C  serratus  monspel. 

317 

Trachelium  mains  Urticae  foliis. 

292 

p  „        flo.  albo. 

CP  „        g^ganteum.  319 

minus.  302 
P  Tragacantha. 
Tragon  Mathioli. 
Tragopogon  luteum. 
CP  „  purpureum. 

C  flo.  cinereo. 

Tribiiliis.  123-6 
Trichomanes  Diosc.      179,  275 
CP    Trifolium  burgundiarum. 

„       pratense  flo.  albo.  144 
pratense  flo.  purpureo. 
C  odoratum.  306 

„  corniculatum. 
„  cordatum. 

luteum. 
„  vesicaria. 
„  paludosum. 
C  „       falcatum  Clusii. 


„      frttttcans.  326-7 
Tripolium  vulgare. 
Triticum  spica  multiplici. 
Tubera  terrae.  281 
Turritis.  292 
Tussilago.  262 


Typha.  281,  292,  296 

Ulmaria. 

Ulmus  latifolia.  Wichhasell.  184 
„     Wich  elme  in  Essex.  43 
Umbilicus  Veneris.  292 
Urtica  minor  acrior. 
Romana. 

silvestris  asperior. 
Uva  crispa. 

rubro. 
„  coeruleo. 


Vaccinia  nigra. 
P  „  rubra. 

Valeriana  Graeca. 
C  Graeca,  fiore  albo.  317 

maior.    Longe  sore 
leafe  for  cutts. 
CP    Valeriana  rubra. 

„  silvestris. 

,,       silvestris  minor. 

and  334. 


GOODYER'S  LIST  OF  PLANTS 


401 


CP  Valeriana  petraea.  318 
C  „       Mexicana.  133 

Veneris  pecten. 
C    Verbascum  4  Mathioli.  280 
C  „        blattariae  folio. 

Verbena  communis. 
Veronica  vera  et  maior. 

„      minor  serpilli  folia. 
„      mas  recta.  196 
Viburnum.  275,  346 

Vicia  silvestris. 

„    Diaxiina  sylvatica. 

190,  292,  308 
„    segehwi.  193 
P    Viola  Matronalis. 
„  tricolor. 

„  tricolor  silvestris.  194 
„  Martia  precox  purpurea  et 
alba. 

Viola  Martia  purpurea  multiplex. 

109 

Martia  alba  multiplex. 


CP 


Mariana. 


318 


c    Viola  Mariana  flo,  albo. 
„  aquatilis. 

„    lunaris  G.  377.  Bolbonac. 
„    canina  coerulea  inodora, 
Viorna. 
P    Virga  aurea  serrato  folio. 

283,  320 

Virga  pastoris. 
Viscum  quercum. 
c  Visnaga. 

Vitis  uvifera. 
CP      „    Virginiana.  321,  346 


Wheat.  180 
P    Wosaran  Virginianum. 


Xanthium.  Bardana  minor.  128 
Xiphium.  177 
Xyris.  275 


[Zea]  Erased. 
See  also  Index  II  and  p.  334. 


1)  d 


INDEX  II 


Plant-Names  used  by  other  Botanists,  supplementary 

TO  THOSE  listed  IN  INDEX  I. 


Abrotanum  355. 
Absynthium  353-5. 
Abutilon  358. 
Acacalis  358. 
Acacia  365. 
Acanthus  318. 
Acer  346,  356. 
Achillea  1 55,  319. 
Acinos  355. 
Aconitum  318. 

Acorus  177,  234,  258,  287,  326,  365. 

Actaea  329, 

Adders  tongue  311. 

Adonis  319,  358. 

Adoxa  69,  126. 

Aegopodium  no. 

Aesculus  346. 

Agnus  castus  240. 

Agrifolium  281. 

Agrimony  311. 

Agropyrum  257. 

Ajuga  244,  255,  264. 

Alchemilla  155,  319-20. 

Alexanders  312. 

Alisma  242,  358. 

Allium  259. 

Alnus  175,  358. 

Aloe  261,  360. 

Alopecuros  237. 

Alsine  287,  292, 

Althaea  242. 

Amaranthus  320. 

Ameos  365. 

Amivil  270. 

Ammi  319-20,  365. 

Amomum  365. 

Amygdalus  358. 

Anacyclus  320. 

Anagallis  252. 

Anagyris  326. 

Anchusa  131,  283,  336. 

Andropogon  365. 

Androsace  150. 

Andryale  320. 

Anemone  311,  319-20,  328,  331. 
Angelica  240,  312. 
Anonis  355-6. 
Anotto  369. 

Anthemis  135,  154,  24?,  301,  318-19. 
Anthericum  326. 


Anthriscus  263. 
Anthyllis  283. 
Antirrhinum  359. 

Apium  114,  172,  192,  195,  302,  356. 
Apocynum  329,  356,  359. 
Apples  342,  386. 

of  Love  345. 
Apricots  58,  241,  328,  344. 
Aquilaria  366. 
Arach  31. 

Arbor  tinctoria  356. 

„     vitae  328. 
Arbutus  287,  331,  346. 
Arctium  194. 
Argemone  320. 
Arisarum  319. 
Aristolochia  535,  359. 
Arkangel  240. 
Artemisia  318-19,  356. 
Artichoke  23-5,  241,  312. 
Asarina  287. 
Asclepias  131,  312. 
Ash  5. 

Asparagus  312. 
Aspen  264. 
Asperiila  33,  113. 
Asphodelus  359. 
Aspidium  181-3. 
Asplenium  108,  242,  263. 
Assarabacca  312. 
Aster  50,  320,  331,  356. 
Astragalus  130,  140. 
Astrocarpus  317. 
Athamanta  318. 
Atriplex  236,  282,  320,  356. 
Aucklandia  364. 

Ballote  280,  287. 
Baime  31 1. 
Balsamodendron  365. 
Banana  250. 
Barba  Jovis  331,  357. 
Bardana  356. 
Bartsia  117,  150. 
Basil  240. 
Battato  238. 
Bead  tree  352. 
Beans,  Kidney  312. 
Bears  Ears  311. 
Becabunga  293,  300. 


See  also  Itidex  I  and  p.  334. 


PLANT-NAMES 


403 


Rellflower  311. 
Bellis  281,  288,  352. 
Berberis  365. 
Beta  355-6. 
Betonica  288. 
Betony  311. 
Betula  175. 
Bindweed  325. 
Bistorta  311,  356. 
Bixa  369. 
Blitum  356. 
Bluebottle  311. 
1  borage  311. 

Botrychium  110,  245,  263. 
Brambles  34. 
Brassica  loi,  319. 
Briza  158. 
Brookweed  29. 
Bryonia  82,  262. 
Bugle  264. 
Bugula  356. 
Bunias  191. 
Bupleurum  261,  346. 
Burri  grass  352. 
Butomus  177. 

Cabbage  tree  269. 
Cachrys  355. 
Calamintha  311,  355. 
Calceolus  356. 
Camomile  310. 

Campanula  132,  195,  285,  288,  302,  318. 

Campion  311. 

Camphorata  359. 

Candy  Mustard  324. 

Cannabis  281,  288. 

Capillus  veneris  284. 

Capparis  357. 

Capsicum  357,  368. 

Cardamine  284,  288,  356. 

Cardamons  365. 

Cardinal  331. 

Carduncellus  317. 

Carduus  21,  112,  118,  145,  154,  281, 

292,  302,  352,  359- 
Carex  194-6,  257. 
Carica  369. 
Carlina  1 12,  145. 
Carum  53,  121,  365. 
Cassado  368. 
Castanea  174. 
Cattaria  317,  318. 

Caucalis  53,  114,  128,  195,  282,  356. 
Cedar  369. 

Celtis  201,  326,  339,  346,  354. 
Centaurea  no,  154,  164,  317. 
Centranthus  317. 
Cerasus  346,  356. 
Cercis  317,  346,  370. 
Cerinthe  128,  180,  324. 


Ceterach  230,  263. 
Chamaebuxus  292. 
Chamaelaea  359. 
Chamaerops  369. 
Chara  55. 
Chelidonium  355. 
Chenopodium  260. 
Cherry  55,  59,  328,  344. 
Chervil  312, 
Chestnut  34,  312. 

Chrysanthemum  134,  155,  318,  321. 
Chrysosplenium  185,  302. 
Cichorium  150,  260. 
Cicuta  179. 
Cinara  352. 

Cinnamomum  269,  364. 
Cistus  317,  336. 
CitruUus  165. 
Clary  244,  311. 
Clathrus  196. 

Clematis  236,  319,  326,  354,  359. 
Clinopodium  359. 
Cloudberry  222. 
Cloves  269. 
Clown's  Allheal  312. 
Cneorum  317. 

Cnicus  21,  49,  109,  144,  146,  154,  234, 

317-19- 
Cochlearia  317,  355. 
Coco  269. 
Cogcigra  331. 
Cola  269. 

Colchicum  no,  249,  258,300,  316,326, 
359. 

Columbine  25,  312. 
Comfrey  311. 
Conioselinum  318. 
Convallaria  326. 
Convolvulus  129,  153,  185. 
Coral  root  26,  74. 
Corallina  284. 
Corcorus  359. 
Coriander  312. 
Corn  parsley  53. 
Cornus  234,  346. 
Corona  326. 
Coronilla  305. 
Corydalis  359. 
Costmary  311. 
Costus  364. 
Cotinus  359. 
Cotton  368. 
Cotula  292. 
Cowslip  27,  311. 

„      of  Jerusalem  311. 
Cracca  284. 
Crambe  242. 
Cranberry  330. 
Cranes  bill  312. 
Crithmum  193. 


See  also  Index  1  and  p.  334. 
D  d  2 


INDEX  II 


Crocus  249,  258,  316,  329,  326. 
Crucianella  132. 
Cucubalus  318. 
Cucurbita  165,  321. 
Currant  328. 
Cuscuta  112. 
Cyclamen  319,  331. 
Cynodon  257. 

Cynoglossum  280,  302,  317. 
Cynosurus  157. 
Cyperus  296,  359. 
Cytisus  317,  331,  359. 

Daffodil  27,  240,  311,  326. 
Dames  Violets  311. 
Damasonium  no,  180. 
Datura  307,  320,  329. 
Daucus  112,  243. 
Delphinium  318. 
Dentaria  186. 
Dewberry  33. 

Digitalis  186,  244,  262,  356. 
Digitaria  196,  257. 
Dill  312. 

Diospyros  201,  320,  346. 
Diotis  148. 
Dittander  311. 
Dodder  311. 
Doronicum  237,  351. 
Draba  69. 
Dracunculus  337. 
Dragon  311. 
Dryopteris  183. 
Durien  367. 

Echatega  328. 
Echinochloa  120,  195. 
Echium  302,  317. 
Elaphoboscus  359. 
Eleocharis  257. 

Elm  17,  30-1,  37-43,  52,265,  308,  314. 

Emblica  366. 

Emex  107. 

Endive  311. 

Enula  311. 

Epilobium  ill. 

Epimedium  329. 

Epipactis  47,  107,  126. 

Equisetum  55. 

Eragrostis  257. 

Erigeron  162,  243. 

Erodium  146. 

Eryngium  no,  317. 

Erynus  286. 

Erysimum  319. 

Erythraea  244. 

Eupatorium  236. 

Euphorbia  236,  244,  306,  3 1 7,  353. 
Everlasting  311. 
Exotic  fruit  names  366. 


Fagus  188. 
Feather  grass,  325. 
Fennell  274,  312. 
Ferns  67,  90,  181. 
Ferula  366. 
Ferulago  359. 
Feverfew  311. 
Ficus  242,  328. 
Figwort  17. 
Filago  280. 
Filipendula  312. 
Fir  369. 
Flax  156. 

Flower  Constantinople  311. 

,,      de  luce  310. 

„  _    gentle,  325. 
Foeniculum  281,  318. 
Foenum  graecum  356. 
Frangula  287. 
Frankenia  148,  151,318. 
Fritillaria  249,  316,  321,  328. 
Fritillary  311. 

Fruits  267,  312,  329,  342-5. 

exotic  365-71. 
Fucus  287. 
Fumaria  263. 
Fungus  245,  353. 
Fustick  369. 

Galanga  367. 

Galeopsis  194. 

Gallium  113. 

Genista  328. 

Gentiana  20,  170,  292. 

Gentianella  283,  286,  2S8. 

Geranium  185,  191,  234,  284,  286,301, 

319,  329,  331- 
Germander  311. 
Geum  234. 

Gilliflower  61,  240,  243,  308-11,  328, 
330. 

Gladiolus  258,  310,  316,  321,  326,  338, 

354- 
Gladon  310. 
Globe  flower  312. 
Gnaphalium  148,  243. 
Goldenrod  311. 
Gonolobus  321. 
Goodyera  99,  185. 
Gooseberry  312. 
Gratiola  317. 
Gramen  352. 
Grasses  71. 

Grass  of  Parnassus  54. 
Gromel  311. 
Guaicum  346,  371. 

Hacchic  365. 
Hazel  345. 
Heartsease  240. 


See  also  Index  1  and  p,  334. 


f 


PLANT-NAMES 


Hederula  2S9. 

Hedysariiin  147,  318. 

Helianthemum  50. 

Helianthus  23,  109,  166,  307,  317. 

Heliotropium  24. 

Hellebore  312. 

Helleborus  285,  302,  327. 

Henbane  311. 

Hepatica  319. 

Herb  Gerard  312. 

Hibiscus  306,  346. 

Hieraciuni  149,  180,  281,  283,  318. 

Hieracium  289,  317. 

Higtaper  295. 

Hippocrepis  77,  187. 

Hippomane  269. 

Hippophae  255,  263. 

Hissopoides  359. 

Hollias,  331. 

Hollyhock  312. 

Honewort  53,  67,  121. 

Honeysuckle  240. 

Honeyvvort  180. 

Hops  314. 

Hordeum  257,  282. 

Humulus  107. 

Hyacinths  311. 

Hyacinthus  240,  249,  311,  316,  321, 

325-6. 
Hymenaea  368. 
Hyoscyamus  122,  160,  320. 
Hyoseris  289. 

Hypecoum  129,  319.  ' 
Hypericum  77,  234. 
Hyssopus  311,  319. 


Kings  spear  310. 
Knot  grass  24 1. 


Lactuca  iii,  158,  234,  319,  326. 
Ladies  bower  312. 

„     girdle  310. 

„     lacies  240. 

„     mantle  311. 

„     navel  240. 

„     seal  240. 

„     smock  240. 

„     thistle  312. 
Lamium  156,  317,  353. 
Lapsana  151. 
Larks  peel  308,  312. 
Laserpitium  319. 
Lathraea  123,  237. 
Lathyrus  136,  195. 
Laurus  346. 
Lavandula  106. 
Lavatera  353. 
Lavender  311. 

„       cotton  312. 
Leneholans  312. 
Lens  137. 
Leontodon  319. 
Lepidium  329. 
Leucoium  326,  352. 
Libanotis  359. 
Lignum  aloes  366. 
Lilium  326,  359. 
Lily  311. 

Lily  of  Valley  304. 
Lime  17. 

Linaria  17,  115,  143,  163. 

Linariola  289. 

Linum  109,  112. 

Lithospermum  242. 

Littorella  106. 

Locust  tree  346,  368,  370. 

London  tuft  311. 

Lonicera  301,  320,  326,  346. 

Lovage  312. 

Ludwigia9o,  187,  193,  195. 

Lupinus  312,  356. 

Lunaria  311. 

Luzula  357. 

Lychnis  283,  285. 

Lycium  365. 

Lycopodium  108. 

Lysimachia  187,  243,  261,  311,  35 


I  bens  130,  324. 

Ilex  352. 

Imgara  366. 

Inula  320. 

Ipomaea  262,  320. 

Iris  177,  258,  326,  328,  331^352. 

Isnardia,  w  Ludwigia. 


Jaca  367. 
Jacea  359. 
Jacobaea  357. 
Jamboli  367. 
Jasione  1 10,  164. 
Jasminum  326,  352, 
Jasonia  120. 
Job's  tears,  312. 
Joseph  and  Mary  35. 
Juglans  112,  174. 
Juncaria  289. 
Juncellus  282. 
Juncus  257,  282,  284,  28 
Juniperus  123,  195,  355, 


Madder  312. 
Maize  354. 
Makenbuy  355. 
Malacaton  58,  329. 
296.  Mallow  312. 

559.  Malva  111,  134,  352-3- 

Sec  a/so  Index  [  nitd  p,  334. 


4o6 


INDEX  II 


Mancinel  369. 

Mandragora  306. 

Mango  367. 

Manihot  368. 

Maracoc  370. 

Marigold  311. 

Marigold,  French  25,  311. 

Marjoram  36,  62,  166,  240,  311. 

Marsdenia  329. 

Martagon  326,  328,  343. 

Marum  356. 

Marvel  of  Peru  25. 

Matricaria  234,  355. 

Matthiola  242,  330,  339- 

Maudlain  311. 

May  apple  371. 

May  Lily  326. 

Mechoane  262. 

Medicago  141. 

Medlar  328,  352. 

Melampyrum  118. 

MeliJotus  126,  306,  317. 

Melon  274,  369,  371. 

Mentha  286,  326,  355-6. 

Mercurialis  236. 

Militaris  290, 

Mint  311,  326. 

Mollugo  284. 

Moly  325-6. 

Monophyllon  264. 

Monotropa  122. 

Montia  195. 

Moringa  367. 

Motherwort  311, 

Mucca  nut  369. 

Mulberry  312,  329. 

Mullen  295. 

Munk's  Rhubarb  31I0 

Muscus  282-4,  290,  332, 

Muttelina  359. 

Myosotis  302. 

Myrica  255,  305. 

Myrobalan  366. 

Myrrhis  234,  312. 

Myrtil  329. 

Narcissus   258,  311,  316,  321,  326, 

331-3- 
Nardus  171. 
Nasturtium  236. 
Nectarine  345. 
Negundo  367. 
Neottia  107. 

Nepeta  in,  161,  317-18. 
Nettle  tree  326. 
Nicotiana  160. 
Nigella  25,  152. 
Notobasis  145. 
Nux  vesicaria  371. 
Nymphaea  293. 


Oak  5,  34,  369. 
Ocimum  166. 
Oculus  Christi  311. 
Oenanthe  35,  115,  145, 
Oenothera  159. 
Olea  304. 

Oleander  240,  329. 
Olive  304. 
Olyas  331. 
Onobrychis  178. 
Ononis  242. 
Ophioglossum  245. 
Ophrys  244. 
Opuntium  292. 
Orach  311. 
Orange  329. 
Orchis  286,  290,  301-  2. 
Organy  240. 
Orice  240. 
Origanum  166,  286. 
Ornithogalum  305,  319. 
Ornithopus  131,  305. 
Orobanche  47,  122. 
Osiers  77. 
Oxalis  290. 
Oxys  355. 

Paeonia  359. 
Paeony  312. 
Panax  359. 
Pansy  325. 

Papaver  155,  242,  366. 
Papyrifera  237. 
Paralysis  283. 
Paris  1 10,  244,  307. 
Parnassia  180,  243. 
Passiflora  320. 
Peach  329,  345. 
Pear  59,  343,  386. 
Pellitory,  bastard  312. 
Pedicularis  106,  262. 
Penny  royal  311. 
Pepper  236,  368. 
Perfoliata  359. 
Periclymenum  356. 
Periploca  346,  371. 
Periwinkle  312. 
Persicaria  292,  356,  371 
Pescod  tree  312. 
Petasites  234. 
Phalangium  326. 
Phalaris  133,  317. 
Phaseolus  237. 
Phleum  257. 
Phlomis  352-3. 
Phragmites  108. 
Phyteuma  ill,  116,  185 
Picea  320. 
Pilosella  282. 
Pilularia  196. 


See  also  Index  J  and  p.  334. 


PLANT-NAMES 


407 


Pinus  346. 
Piper  237. 
Pistacia  201,  340. 
Pisum  139,  141. 
Planta  284. 

Plantago  106,  244,  284,  286,  301-2, 
356. 

Plantain,  Rose  311. 
Platycerium  249. 
Plum  343. 
Poa  256. 

Poison  weed  368. 
Polyacantha  360. 
Polyanthus  281,  352. 
Polygonatum  237. 
Polygonum  290. 
Polypodium  189. 
Polypogon  237,  321. 
Pompion  27. 
Pomegranate  329. 
Poppy  311. 
Potamogeton  123. 
Potato  75,  216. 

sweet  28. 
Potentilla  170,  262. 
Poterium  318. 
Primrose  27,  311. 

Primula  109,  281,  316,  318,  352,  353. 

Privet  355. 

Prunella  244. 

Prunus  321,  326,  346. 

Pseudonarcissus  283,  326* 

Pseudodictamnus  327. 

Pulegium  285,  360. 

Pulicaria  236. 

Pulmonaria  115,  190,  320. 

Pulsatilla  290. 

Pyracantha  346. 

Pyrethrum  318. 

Pyrola  264. 

Pyrus  195. 

Quamoclet  360. 
Quercus  172, 195. 
Quince  329,  343. 

Ranunculus  291,  301,  326. 
Raphanus  242,  311. 
Rapistrum  284. 
Raspberry  310. 
Reseda  134. 
Rhagadiolus  148. 

Rhamnus  255,  265,  317,  319,  341,  346. 

Rheum  318. 

Rhinanthus  261. 

Rhubarb  49,  260,  367. 

Rhus  321,  341,  346,  368. 

Ribes  326. 

Ribesium  284. 

Ribwort  241. 


Ricinus  371. 

Robinia  339,  346,  370. 

Rose  1 10,  112,  243,  291,  301,  312,  319, 

329-31,341,360. 
Rosemary  8,  240,  312. 
Rubia  191. 

Rubus  114,  195,  243,  282. 
Rue  312. 
Rumex  194,  319. 

Saccharum  258. 
Saffron  258,  311,  349. 
Sagapeni  360. 
Sage  311. 

Sagina  77,  179,  186. 
Salicornia  152. 
Salix  77. 

Salvia  156,  244,  305,  317,  356. 
Sambucus  87,  iii,  286,291. 
Samolus  in. 
Sanicle  241,  311. 
Santalum  366. 
Saponaria  261. 
Savey  tree  312. 
Savory  311. 

Saxifraga  281,  301,  356,  360. 
Saw  wort  311. 

Scabiosa  164,  243,  281,  320,  352. 
Scabious  25,  311. 
Scammonea  360. 
Scandix  306. 
Scilla  259,  321. 
Scirpus  175,  257. 
Scleranthus  no. 
Scolopendrium  108* 
Scolymus  318. 
Scordium  360. 
Scorodoprassum  311. 
Scorpioides  324. 
Scorpiurus  132,  151. 
Scurvy  grass  311. 
Scutellaria  301. 

Sedum  77,  152,  195,  234^  243,  319-20, 

324- 
Selfheal  244. 
Selicio  319. 
Sena  360. 

Senecio  n9,  193-4,  281,  319. 

Serpents  Moly  311. 

Serpillum  281. 

vSerratula  302 . 

Sesamum  360. 

Seseli  292,  319,  360. 

Sherardia  148. 

Sideritis  317. 

Silaus  243. 

Siler  360. 

Silybum  320. 

Sinapis  in. 

Sison  121,  360. 


See  also  htdex  I  afid  p.  334. 


4o8 


INDEX  II 


Sium  Ii6,  176,  286,  302. 

Smallage  312. 

Smilax  258. 

Smyrnium  318. 

Snakeroot  371. 

Sneezewort  311. 

Snowdrop  311. 

Soapwort  Gentian  311. 

Soianum  302,  320-1,  355,  360,  37I. 

Solidago  319-20. 

Solomon's  Seal  312. 

Sonchus  69. 

Sowthistle  326, 

Spartum  292. 

Speculum  veneris  280. 

Spignel  312, 

Spiraea  77. 

Spongilla  290. 

Squinant  365. 

Stachys  59,  177,  319. 

Staphylea  320,  340,  346;  37 1. 

Star  of  Bethlehem  311. 

„     Jerusalem  311. 
Stellaria  261. 
Stickadove  240. 
Stipa  318. 
Storksbill  319,  324, 
Stramonium  320,  371. 
Strychnos  352. 
Suaeda  179. 
Succory  311. 
Sumach  321. 
Sugar  cane  258. 
Sweet  William  308,  311, 
Swertia  234. 
Sycamore  312,  357. 
Symphitum  360. 
Syringa  339,  346. 

Tamalapatra  368. 
Tamarix  305,  312,  346. 
Tamus  127,  153,  262. 
Tansy  311. 
Taraxacum  115. 
Ta  rragon  311, 
Taxodium  337. 
Taxus  168;  196. 
Telephium  318,  360. 
Terminalia  366. 
Thalictrum  360. 
Thesium  117- 
Thlaspi  236,  284. 
Thora  360. 
Thorowleaf  311. 
Thrift  311. 
Thymus  195,  317. 
Tilia  346. 
Tithymalus  306. 
Toadflax  17. 

Tobacco  32,  34,  160,  238,  327,  383. 


Tolpis  149. 

Tomatoes  50. 

Touchmenot  240. 

Tragacanth  331. 

Trewlove  311. 

Trefoyle  25,  326, 

Trifolium  292,  342,  356,  360. 

Trinciatella  360. 

Trinia  77. 

Triticum  257. 

TroUius  319. 

Tropaeolum  329. 

Tulips  311,  329,  331. 

Turmerick  367. 

Tussilago  262. 

Tutsan  311. 

Twyblade  244. 

Ulex  189. 

Ulmus  38-43,  283. 

Urtica  156,  280. 

Vaccinium  243,  292. 
Valentina  357. 

Valeriana  133,  312,  318,  360. 
Veratrum  326,  337. 
Verbascum  106,  284,  286,  360. 
Venus  Looking  glass  240. 
Veronica  76,  244,  300,  317,  320. 
Viburnum  346. 

Vicia  77,  139,  190,  193,  196,  281, 
Vicia  296. 
Vina  356. 

Vine  329,  331,  369. 
Viola  109,  194,  360. 
Violet  312. 
Virgin's  bower  240. 
Viscum  242. 
Vitex  326. 
Vitis  321,  346. 
Vulnearia  308. 

Wheat  63. 
W^inter  cherry  311. 
Wolfsbane  312. 

Xanthium  128. 
Xeranthemum  119,  319. 

Yeast  314. 
Yew  5,  48. 
Yooke  Elme  240. 
Youthwort  240. 
Yucca  313,  321. 

Zea  258. 

Zephyranthus  320. 
Zizipha  352. 


See  also  Index  I  a?td  p.  334. 


INDEX  III 


Persons,  Pla 

Abbot  274. 
Abel),  H.  378. 

Abergavenny,  Lord,  garden  261. 

Alberts,  H.  200. 

Ale  316. 

Alexandria  364. 

Aleyne  312. 

Allestre  202. 

Aloes  261. 

Alresford  5,  12,  373,  383. 
Alton  I,  81. 
America  369. 
Amherst,  Hon.  A.  328. 
Anagrams  273. 
Anderson  279. 
Andrewes,  Bishop  59. 
Annis  seed  382. 
Ansell  67. 

Apothecaries  20,  21,  55,  57,  59,  76,  201 

270,  275,  304,  353,  384. 
Apuleius  70. 
Arabia  364-8. 
Argent  20,  250. 
Armada  12. 
Ashmole  82,  330. 
Assizes  73,  386. 
Astrology  82,  309. 
Athos  Mt.  364. 
Atkins,  Dr.  H.  248. 
Austen  83,  184. 
„     Jane  4. 

Backhouse  82. 
Bacon,  F.  62,  267. 
Baetica  157. 
Balden  47,  127. 
Barber  surgeon  274. 
Bargett  224. 
Barlous  200. 
Barlowe,  T.  333. 
Baronsdale,  Dr.  249. 
Barrowe  378. 
Bartar,  T.  194. 
Basing  House  81,  273, 
Basingstoke  211. 
Baskett  91. 
Bath  91. 
Bauhin  46,  200. 
Bayley,  W.  235,  304,  314. 
Beacon-fire  5,  378. 
Beale,  J.  83. 
Bedelcombe,  R.  378. 


:es,  and  Things. 

Bed-fleas  31. 
Beeches  Place  i,  29. 
Beer  314. 
Bell  374. 
Belon  358. 
Benwyn  374,  382. 
Berain  239. 
Bere  Forest  50. 
Bermuda  368. 
Beryton,  see  Buriton. 
Betisworth,  Edith  8. 
Bettesworth,  P.  96. 
Billson,  C,  96. 
Bilson  fam.  27,  95. 

„     Bishop  T.  7,  376. 

L.  7,  95- 
„     Mrs.  9. 
,,     O.  96,  200,  297. 
„     Sir  T.  6,  9,  46,  374-6,  379- 
Binding,  cost  of  213. 
Bishops  of  Winchester  7. 
Andrewes  59. 
Bilson  q.  V. 
Cooper  10. 
Curie  56. 
Neile  56. 
Bishops  Waltham  I3. 
Blackman  379. 
Blois  279. 
Blount  200. 

Bobart  81,  276,  278,  293,  295. 
Bodleian  Library  271. 
Boel  16,  313,  361. 
Bold  231,  383. 
„  A.  96. 

„  J.  97. 
Bonham»Carter  6. 
Books  13,  197-232,  380,  385. 

„    Italian  202. 
Boorde  314. 

Botanical  excursions  75. 
Boulger  295,  330,  346. 
Bowden  200. 
Bower  208. 
Bowles  274,  276-7. 
Bowyier  67. 
Boyle  304. 
Bradley  65. 
Bramshott  5,  377. 
Brazil  237,  268. 
Brewing  16,  315. 
Brewning  11. 


410 


INDEX  III 


British  Museum  210. 
Britten,  J.  122,  295. 
Broadgates  Hall  225. 
Browne,  Lancelot  200,  238. 
Sir  R.  270,  355. 
„       T.  287. 

,,       W.  80,  278,  280.  292,  293, 
298-302. 
Browne  of  Hoe  35,  115,  297,  378. 
Buckett  59. 
Buckley,  R.  272. 
Buckner  55,  59,  276-8. 
Bull  382. 
Bullein  216. 
Burghley,  Lord  254. 
Buriton  5,  8,  11,  94,  375. 

„      armour  bearers  380. 
pioneers  381. 
Burley  97. 
Burton,  A.  264. 

„      G.  194. 

„      R.  264. 
Bush  247. 
Busher  237. 
Bust  200. 
Butser  Hill  5. 
Buttersvvorth  Hill  74,  187. 


Cachrys  172,  363, 
Cadel  279. 
Cairo  364. 
Caltherste  31. 
Cambrai  325. 
Camerarius  234,  358. 
Canary  Wine  9. 
Canterbury  283. 
Capel  30. 
Carriers  202. 
Casa  bona,  J.  de  360. 
Cassel  360. 
Cave,  M.  274. 
Cecil,  Sir  W.  254. 
Cerevisia  315. 
Chamber,  M.  264. 
Charles  I  54. 

V    n  355. 

Chescombe  5. 
Chester,  R.  240,  307, 
Chidden  375,  379. 
Chioggia  274. 
Chocolate  24. 
Christchurch  51. 
Christ's  Hospital  I2< 
Church,  A.  H.  187,  251. 
Civil  war  78. 
Clanfield  89,  378. 
Clifton  76. 
Clinson,  Capt.  273. 
Clough  239. 
Cludlie,  T.  379. 


Clusius  14,  234,  237,  245,  364-5. 

Cochineal  386. 

Codemer  266. 

Cole,  J.  14,  179,  200,  247. 

„    E.  12,  373. 

„    W.  81,  294. 
Coleman  297. 
Colfe  331. 
Colson  21. 
Compton  2. 
Constantinople  324. 
Cooke,  Canon  240. 
Coppels  9. 
Corbet  58. 
Corn  382. 
Courthope  222. 
Cox  97. 
Coys  fam.  313. 

»    G.  313. 

„  Wm.  14,  16,  24,  36,  43,  50,  120, 
128-30,  134,  139-47,  150,  156-8, 
160,  210. 

Craig,  Dr.  J.  248.  / 

Craster,  H.  254,  308. 

Cratonis  210. 

Crete  364. 

Croft  280. 

Crowcher  67. 

Crumpe  64. 

Cusick  79. 


Dale,  Dr.  J.  84,  92-4, 199-202,  206,  214, 
229-30,  251,  278,280,288,  294-8. 

Dale,  R.  297. 
„  S.  295. 
„    W.  295. 

Dallman  238. 

Darlaston  297. 

Davis  48,  171. 

Davys,  H.  378. 

Dawley  378. 

De  Brina  200. 

De  la  Broderie  328. 
-  De  Lannoy  247. 

De  Laune  14,  19-20. 

Descriptions  of  Plants  44,  100-96. 

Digges,  Sir  D.  330. 

Dioscorides  84-9. 

Dixon  237. 

Dodoens  14. 

Double  flowers  62. 

Downes  201,  220. 

Downton  378. 

Drope,  F.  80,  82. 

Droxford  3,  25,  28,  29,  33,  35,  74,  IM. 

116,  118,  122,  126. 
Druce  47,  52,  231. 
Drugs  19,  383. 
Dunne,  W.  249. 
Durford  Abbey  5,  373. 


PERSONS,  PLACES,  AND  THINGS 


411 


Elizabeth  211,  240,  246. 
f>yngo  root  241 . 
Essex  219. 

Essex,  Earl  of  58,  241. 
Eton  Coll.  274. 
Evelyn  60,  352. 
Everender  31. 
Evergreens  270,  355. 
Exotic  plants  237,  358-70. 

Fauntleroy  302. 
Finchdean  6. 
Florence  359. 

Flower  lists  240,  308-12,  317-27,  331, 
^347. 

Forster,  R.  249. 
Foulkes- Roberts  239. 
Frankfort  359. 
Franqueville  22. 
Freame  201. 
Frear,  T.  249. 
French  plants  59. 
Froxfield  381. 

Fruit  lists  328,  342-5,  369,  386. 
Fuchs  45. 
Furner  221. 

Gallipoli  364. 
Galls  35,  49. 
Gambier-Parry  283. 
Gammon,  W.  96. 
GARDENS,  PERSONS. 

Abergavenny,  Lord  261. 

Barnaby  306. 

Basket  306. 

Capel  30. 

Coys  312-25. 

Crosse  304. 

Davies  309. 

Delavale  307. 

Edwards  no. 

Forman  309. 

Franqueville  303,  325-6. 

Gerard  18,  247,  303. 

Gibbes  18,  33,  303,  346-S. 

Goodyer  67,  97,  325-7. 

Helin  328. 

Heneage  21 1. 

Heyden  306. 

James  305. 

Johnson  273. 

Jokkat  329. 

Lobel  247. 

Millen  54,  59. 

Monnel  252. 

Morgan,  E.  351-4. 

„       „  of  Bodesclen  308,  353. 
H.  354. 

Morine  279,  331. 

Morison  354. 


Mount  256. 
N  as  myth  249. 
Norton  306. 
Orleans,  Duke  of  279. 
Parkinson  270,  327. 
Pointer  58. 
Reresby,  Sir  J.  350. 
Robine  326,  328,  331,  354. 
Salisbury,  Lord  328. 
Salusbury  306. 
Shanne  310. 

Stonehouse  292,  303,  348-51. 
Thornes  308. 
Tradescant  303,  328-46. 
Tuggy  331,  353. 
Uvedale  34. 
Wallop  306. 
Walters  310. 
Wootton,  Lord  339-40. 
Wotton  274. 
Watson  305. 
Yalden  28. 
Zouch  247,  324. 
GARDENS,  PLACES. 
Blois  354. 
Brussels  329. 
Chioggia  274. 
Constantinople  6,  324. 
Holland  329. 
Paris  329. 
Tournai  252. 
London. 

Chelsea  353. 

Coleman  St.  354. 

Hackney  247,  324. 

Highgate  247. 

Holborn  303. 

Lambeth  303,  309,  330-46. 

Long  Acre  270. 

Snow  Hill  273. 

Tuthill  Fields  292. 

Westminster  352-4. 
Essex. 

Stubbers  312-32. 
Hants. 

Droxford  16,  321,  327. 

Dummer  306. 

Sheet  28. 

Southampton  306. 

Winchester  305. 
Herts. 

Hatfield  328. 
Kent. 

Canterbury  339-40. 

East  Mailing  256, 
Middlesex. 

Enfield  34. 

Twickenham  58. 
Northumberland. 

Seaton  308. 
Oxford  304. 


412 


INDEX  III 


GARDENS,  PLACES  {cont.). 
Somerset. 

Bath  303.  347. 
Suffolk. 

belnys  nothers  304. 
Wales. 

Bodesclen  308. 

Lie  wen  i  306-9. 
Yorks. 

Darfield  272,  292,  303,  348. 
IMethley  310. 
Thrybergh  350. 

Garret  237. 

Garth  201,  237,  290. 

Gaudin  201. 

Geeres,  Mrs.  266. 

George  201. 

Gerard  16,  69,  139. 

Gerard's  Herbal  45,  57,  275,  307. 

Gesner  234. 

Ghini  360. 

Gibbon  4. 

Gilbourne  201. 

Gill  81. 

Girdler  97. 

(ilasier  385. 

Glyn,  T.  287. 

Glynn-lhivona  272. 

Goade  279. 

Gooch  201. 

Good,  E.  385. 

Goody er  fam.  i. 

,,  J.  Botanical  excursions  372  ; 
crest  63  ;  descriptions  of  plants  100- 
96 ;  garden  67,  97,  325-7  ;  house 
64;  handwriting  55,  169;  indexing 
203  ;  letters  372  ;  manor  377  ;  manu- 
scripts 229-31,  275,  296,  373-86; 
marriage  64  ;  plant  records  293  ; 
protection  order  78  ;  recusancy  79 ; 
shopping  48,  73,  381-2  ;  will  94. 

Goodyer  Plants,  see  Index  L 
„       Reginald  i. 

Grafting  267. 

Gray  297. 

Green  46,  70, 

Grey  201. 

Guildford  56,  3S0. 

Guinea  269. 

Gunter,  Dr.  98. 

Gwinne,  Dr.  M.  249,  250. 

Halilah  281. 
Hamden  Woods  352. 
Hamelden  378. 

Hampshire  lists  of  villagers  376,  381. 

Hanbury,  Th.  2. 

Hanson,  Sir  T. 

Harrison  59. 

Harvey  201, 

Hasted  67. 


Hatch  37S. 
Hatfield  289. 
Hatton,  Ld.  279. 
Heacham  57. 
Heath,  Eliz.  199,  202. 
Heath,  J.  84,  86,  89. 
Heath  House  11,  373. 
Heaton  276,  288. 
Heneage  211. 
Henly  64. 

Henrietta  Maria  267. 
Henry  201. 
Herbal  45. 
Herbert,  J.  81. 

„       of  Cherbury  383. 
Plerrick  221. 
Herring,  Dr.  F.  249. 
Herts  179,  289. 
Herytage  226. 
Hill,  T.  61. 
Hill  172. 
Hinton  56,  58. 
Hoe  378. 
HoUoway  277. 
Holybourne  5. 
Holybyn  277. 
Hooper,  W.  79. 
Hopton,  Lord  78,  286.  « 
Horse  medicine  224. 
Hort,  Sir  A.  51. 
Horticulture  267. 

How,  W.   81,  188-95,  201,  245-51, 

276-94,  298,  300,  354-6. 
How  MS.  231-2,  245. 
Huchenson  201. 
Hugobert  59,  247. 
Hull  373. 

Humphrey,  L.  221. 
Hunnibon  278,  283,  292. 
Hyde,  A.  9,  375. 
,,     L.  291. 

Ilsley  379. 
India  366. 

Inkforbie  9,  374,  382. 

Inn-Names  : 

albus  Leon  31,  372  ;  Angell  58,  372; 
Antilope  180;  King's  Head,  Guild- 
ford 56;  Red  Lion,  Fleet  St.  30, 
372  ;  Tabott  73  ;  White  Hart,  South- 
wark  73. 

Inoculation  61. 

Insects  174. 

Iron  works  74. 

Ironsmith  201. 

Jackson,  B.  D.  loo,  303,  316. 
Sir  J.  271. 

James  59. 

James  I  32,  247,  274. 
Jane,  Lady,  late  (2ueen  20S. 


Pl'.RSONS,  PLACES,  AND  THINGS 


4'3 


Johnson,  S.  49. 
„       Alice  274. 
„       Dr.  S.  239. 

T.  8,  10,  30,  49,  56,  58,  69, 
71,  81,  201,  271,  273-7,  351,  380. 
Johnson's  handwriting  169. 

,,         MSS.  232. 
JolylT284,  286. 
Jonson,  lien  58,  240. 

Keipe  355. 
Kempe  201. 
Kingsley  377. 

Lagouna  210. 
Lake  21. 
Langrish  60. 
Langton  281. 

T.  248,  271. 

Laud  54. 
Laudanum  385. 
Le  Seigneur  316. 
Leese,  Sir  H.  265. 
Lefevre  201. 
Legge  6. 
Leicester  221. 
Leigh  122. 
Leister  316. 
Le  Moyne  329. 
Lete  316. 

Library  13.  93,  197-232. 
Lime  17. 
Lincolnshire  265. 
Liphook  5,  385. 
Liss  (Leese)  381. 
Lister,  Dr.  E.  250,  316. 

„     M.  318. 
Llevveni  238-45,  307. 
Lobe!  14,  33,  52,  58,  201,  234,  237, 

245-53,  280,  282,  379. 
Lobel  MSS.  231. 
LOCALITIES  OF  PLANTS. 
England  91,  232,  29S. 
Berks. 

Abingdon  146. 
Cumnor  55. 
Reading  280-1,  301-2. 
Wallingford  301. 
Windsor  288. 
Ca7n  b7'idgesh  ire. 
Cambridge  280. 
Downham  193. 
Ely,  Isle  of  290. 
Over  290. 

Saffron  Walden  258. 
Dorset. 

Portland  379. 
Derbyshire  288. 
Essex. 

Colchester  292. 


Harwich  291. 
Purfleet  113,  118. 
Kumford  67. 
HiUits. 

Alton  47,  290. 
Basingstoke  280,  296. 
Bishops  Waltham  122. 
Buriton  184. 
Bursledon  5,  47,  152. 
Chawton  4,  28. 
Chawlton  28. 
Christ  Church  52. 
Drayton  33,  237,  290. 
Droxford  30,  122. 
Emsworth  28. 
Habridge  127. 
Hahborne  21,  46,  127,  146. 
Hamble  5,  236. 
Hayling  47,  148. 
Hedley  302. 

Holbury  House  35,  115,  293. 
Hurst  Castle  193. 
Idsworth  5,  50. 

Isle  of  Wight  33,  90,  285,  290,  353. 

Ladle  Hill  194. 

Liphook  196. 

Lymington  51. 

Marborne  46,  127. 

New  Forest  35,  .115,  293. 

Petersfield  184,  188,  195-6,  280, 
283,  293. 

Poppie  Hill  36. 

Rake  52,  179. 

Southsea  47. 

Southwick  123. 

Tichfield  28. 

Vectis,  see  Isle  of  Wight. 

Winchester  28. 
Hereford  288. 

Ledbury  284. 

Yatton  284. 
Herts. 

Denham  179. 

Moore  Park  37,  179. 

St.  Albans  287. 
Ireland. 

Dublin  287. 

Galloway  288. 
A"^;z/ 255-63,  275,  283-7. 

Addington  257. 

Ashford  283. 

Black  brooks  257. 

Canterbur)'  283. 

Chiselhurst  286. 

Dartford  292. 

Deptford  292. 

Dover  257,  263,  283. 

East  Mailing  255,  257,  263. 

East  Peckham  263. 

Folkestone  263. 

Gravesend  287. 


414 


INDEX  III 


LOCALITIES  OF  PLANTS  {conL), 

Greenhythe  288,  292. 

Greenwich  286,  289. 

Lewes  284. 

Leybourn  258. 

Maidstone  263. 

Rochester  263,  287. 

Sandwich  257. 

Snodland  257. 

Thanet,  I.  277,  292. 

Woolwich  281. 

Wrotham  260. 
Lancashire. 

Blackburn  264. 

Dingley  Wood  264. 
London  352. 

Aldgate  293. 

Bermondsey  289. 

Bermonice  288. 

Chelsea  289. 

Fulham  283. 

Hackney  247,  283,  289. 

Hamstead  Heath  232,  280-1. 

Highgate  284,  286. 

London  Fields  285,  289. 

Marylebone  296. 

S.  Georges  Fields  280. 

S.  Johns  Wood  288. 

S.  James  281,  352. 

Totnarn  291. 

Tuthill  Fields  281. 

Tyburn  296. 

Westminster  296. 

W'hitechapel  191. 
Middlesex. 

Chapel  on  the  Heath  293. 

Hounslow  Heath  28,  29. 

Uxbridge  292. 
Northants  53,  287. 

Lichborough  287,  302. 

Peterboro  289,  290,  292. 

Wellingborough  53,  179,  180. 
Northtijnberland. 

Morpeth  284. 
Norfolk. 

Kings  Lynn  193, 

Witton  Fen  287. 
Oxfordshire. 

Chilswell  301. 

Combe  300. 

Combury  301. 

Dorchester  289,  301. 

Headington  300. 
Honey  Fixlong  301. 

Oxford  49,  177,  196,  281,  291. 
Sarsden  281. 

Shotover  301. 

Stokenchurch  122,  304. 

Witney  55. 
Shropshire  284. 
Kinlet  283. 


Somerset  284,  287. 

Bath  77,  190,  259,  284, 291-3,  301. 

Bristol  75,  287,  291. 

Clover  284,  287. 

Hooms  I.  291. 

Mendip  287. 

Nettleton  301. 

St.  Vincents  Rocks  76. 

Smocombe  Wood  77. 
Surrey. 

Kingston  181. 

Godalming  55,  180. 

Guildford  185,  286,  288,  302. 

Purbright  293. 

Worplesdown  302. 
Sussex. 

Durford  46,  125,  178. 

Mayfield  186. 

Rye  296. 

Shorham  300,  302. 
Warwickshire  280-1,  288,  290. 

Whichford  Wood  281. 

Wolver  (Wulford)  Wood  281  353. 
Wilts. 

Devizes  77. 

Langford  51,  178. 

Stapleford  51,  178. 

Sutton- Veny  28,  54. 

Warminster  28. 
Worcestershire  283,  301. 

Alchurch  284. 

Kidderminster  284. 
Yorks. 

Craven  264. 

Darfield  348. 

Ingleborough  222,  288,  291. 
Methley  310. 
Wales ^  North  292. 
Bodfari  243. 
Chirk  239,  244. 
Clwyd  244,  309. 
Denbigh  238-45. 
Glynn-lhivona  272. 
Llandulas  242-4. 
Llanrwst  239,  242. 
Llansannen  239,  242. 
Merioneth  243. 
Snowdon  272, 

Loggins  190,  276. 
London  54,  56. 

See  under  Gardens. 

Addresses  48. 

Baynard's  Castle  227. 

Gray's  Inn  289. 

Great  Fire  295. 

Long  Acre  270,  296. 

Militia  227. 

Milk  St.  294. 

St.  Martin's  297. 

Stepney  289. 


PERSONS,  FLACKS,  AND  THINGS 


415 


London  Highway  146,  181. 
Lymphatics  286. 
Lyte  Herbal  80. 

Machetes  265. 

Maes,  J.  249. 

Maggotts  174. 

Majorca  234. 

Malacca  367. 

Mallinge  73. 

Mangersfield  281. 

Maple  Durham  6,  55,  69,  183,  185. 

Mapletoft  222. 

Marshall  215. 

A.  329. 
Martin  202. 
Massa  201. 

Materia  Medica  19,  93,  241,  257,  316, 
368. 

Mayerne,  T.  de  234,  248. 

Mayfield  34  ;z.,  73. 

Meader  193. 

Medeley  201. 

Medical  books  93,  385. 

recipes  241,  383-5. 

Melancholia  274. 

Meon,  East  5,  252 297. 

Merrett  35,  62,  81,  195-6,  294. 

Mervyn  i,  178. 

Metheglin  237. 

Methley  264. 

Monnel  252. 

Mooring  67,  122. 

Morden  237. 

Morgan  48. 

E.  92,  277-8,  292,  351-4- 
H.237, 256,  258,  274,  354,  366. 

Morison  92,  279,  293,  352. 

Morrice  74,  370. 

Mosco  63. 

Mostart,  D.  332. 

Mouffet,  J.  219,  234. 

Moundeford  248,  250. 

Mount  201,  216,  253-63. 

Mundy,  P.  333. 

Mussart  332. 

Myddleton  239,  244. 

Myers  373. 

Myres  247. 

Nasmyth,  J.  249. 
Neale,  J.  93,  385. 
New  Forest  51. 
Newarke  292. 
Nicholas,  Sir  E.  355. 
Nid  222. 
Nortons  236. 
Nun,  J.  264. 

Ointment  384. 
Orleans  279. 
Osier,  Sir  W.  254. 


Oxford  48,  81. 
,,  Colleges: 
Christ  Church  58,  89,  221,  238-45. 
Gloucester  Hall  49,  176. 
Jesus  238. 

Magdalen  i,  49,  79,  249,  271,  297, 

374. 
New  81-3,  274. 
St.  Johns  81,  251,  276. 
Wadham  202,  272,  286. 
Worcester  49. 

Paddy,  Sir  W.  248. 
Padua  202,  299,  318. 
Palestine  364. 
Palmer,  K.  9. 

„      Ri.  250. 
Palmer  worm  151. 
Papists  10. 
Parey's  Surgery  70. 
Parish  relief  for  maimed  soldiers  213. 
Parker  64. 

„     fam.  274. 
Parkinson  16,  27,  74,  140-1,  164,  173, 

195,  250-2,  265-71,  293,  318,  330, 

358-70. 
Pashley  59. 

Pawlett,  Sir  Richard  i. 
Pellisserius  252. 
Penckhurst,  S.  74,  186. 
Penny  234,  256,  258. 
Pernambuco  269. 
Persia  367. 

Petersfield  2,  64,  297,  373. 
Pharmaceutical  Society  20,  272. 
Physicians  20. 

„        College  of  298. 
Phytologia  91,  251,  276. 
Pioneers  8. 
Pitt,  J.  375. 
Plantin  1 4. 
Ploves  332. 
Pocahontas  57. 
Portesdowne  378. 
Potecary  54,  186. 
Potosi  268. 

Power,  Sir  D'A.  235,  295-7,  357. 
Prain,  Sir  D.  351. 
Pratt  2. 

Prelingworth  379. 
Price  76. 

Prices,  Building  270. 

,,     Corn  307. 
Primrose,  Dr.  249. 
Priors  Reade  I. 
Proclamation  228. 
Provence  190. 
Pulleyn  202,  294. 
Pulteney  14. 

Quicke,  W.  318. 


4i6 


INDEX  III 


Rabson,  J.  378. 
Raleigh  9,  32,  237,  241. 

„      last  poem  32. 
Ramerus  15,  201. 
Rauwolff  358. 
Rawdon,  Sir  M.  273. 
Ray  222,  298. 
Read  215. 
Recusants  il,  79. 
Red  bridge  376. 
Red  Morley  284. 
Red  Well  53. 
Redgrave  21 8. 
Redmayne  57. 
Relf  73. 

Rhe  Island  330,  339. 
Rhediis  252. 
Ridley,  AI.  249. 
Roberts  59. 
„      E.  238. 
Mrs.  309. 
Robin  249. 

Robinson  202,  204,  296. 
Rolfe  57. 
Romney  73. 
Rondelet  14,  201,  246. 
Ropley  2,  12,  373. 
Rother  3. 
Rous  201. 
Rowland  12.  373. 
Ruff  265. 

Russel,  C.  B.  16,  312. 
Russia  63,  330,  362. 

St.  ]\Tary  Hill  Parish  215. 
St.  Vincents  Rocks  75. 
Salisbury  29,  378. 
Salter,  H.  236. 
vSalusbury,  Sir  J.  238-45. 

\Vm.  238,  242. 
Sambroke,  Sir  J.  377. 
Sandy  Chapel  181. 
Sandy,  R.  316. 
Sanfoin  51. 
Saracen  86,  361. 
Savile  of  Methley  264. 
Sedlescombe  31. 
Selborne  5,  93. 

,,      maladies  385. 
Seward,  P.  7. 

Shakespeare  17,  61,  240,  342. 
Shanne  264-5,  3^5- 
Sharrock  83. 

Sheete  2,  27,  28,  120,  379. 
Shelden,  288. 
.Shelley  12. 
Shelley,  Henry  7. 
Shepey  59. 
Shepherd  379. 
Shipley  355. 
Shrewsbury  School  201. 


Shute  31. 
Sinai  364. 
Skilling,  R.  383. 
Slaynie,  H.  331. 
Smith,  J.  215. 
Snave,  J.  74. 
Snow  Hill  273. 
Snuff  383. 

Soberton  5,  35,  115. 

„       inhabitants  379. 
Socii  itinerantes  272,  274. 
Southampton  159,  185. 
Southropp  I. 
Southwick  375. 
Spain  64,  361. 
Species  61. 
Spigelius  363. 
Splith  359. 
Sprague  189. 
Stable,  G.  378. 
Stanford  287. 
Stapf  47,  171,  189,  256-7. 
Stealing  children  228. 
Steep  5,  379- 

Stevens  81,  292,  299,  301. 
Steventon  4. 
Stirn  345. 
Stockport  272. 
Stockton  54. 

Stonehouse  1 5,  49,  79,  80,  82,  23 1 , 

271-3,  277-8,  290,  348-51- 
Stourbridge  297. 
Stroud  Common  5. 
Strowde  236. 
Stubbers  16,  17. 
Surrey  Assizes  73. 
Sussex  73. 
Swalms  201. 
Swaneling  185. 
Swanmore  379. 
Sydney,  Sir  H.  241. 
Sylvester  67,  379. 
Symings,  Dr.  259. 

Taplow  280. 
Terrier  373. 
Tewe  63,  362. 
Theophrastus  50. 
Thornton  222. 
Thyn  287. 

Tichborne,  Sir  R.  378. 
Tithing  373. 
Townsend  34,  35. 
Tradescant  55,  83,  272. 
Tribe  379,  380. 

Trinity  College,  Cambridge  222. 
Tunstal,  Sir  J.  274. 
Turkey  366. 
Turn[erj  229,  235. 
Turner,  R.  234. 

„      Wm.  45,  76,  90^234. 


PERSONS.  PLACES,  AND  THINGS 


417 


Twickenham  58. 
Uvedale  8,  11,  34,  161. 
Vachell  11,  375. 

Vaughan,  Canon  26,  35,  96,  197,  299. 
Venice  274. 
Vesalius  258. 
Vidian  fam.  297. 
Virgil  63. 

Virginian  plants  18,  74,  321,  340,  347, 

351,369- 
Voake,  Vok  97,  380,  382. 

Wales  76,  91,  238-45,  272. 
Wall,  A.  377. 
Waller,  F.  9,  375. 
Walnut  34. 
Walter,  Sir  W.  281. 
Walton,  I.  3,  26. 

Ward,  J.  92,  278,  293-5,  304,  352,  357. 

Warminster  378. 

Warwickshire  280-1,  288. 

Watson,  Sir  W.  335. 

Weather  307,  386. 

Wells  202. 

West,  T.  218. 

Westbrook  96,  379. 

Weston  6,  9,  94,  281,  288,  375-6. 

„      Inhabitants  of  376. 
Wharton  82. 
Wheatham  Green  5. 
White  73. 
„     Gilbert  3. 


Whitrow  Moore  184. 
Wickham  8. 
Willisel  298. 
Willoughby,  F.  222. 
Willowby,  E.  378. 
Wilmot  339. 
Wilts  28,  29,  178,  378. 
Win,  W.  331. 

Winchester  21,  56,  163,  235,  286. 
Winter,  J.  96. 
Winwood,  Sir  R.  274. 
Witham  264. 
Withowbie  59. 
Woodcot  II. 

Woolmer  Forest  5,  179,  52. 
Woolwich  281. 
Worlidge,  A.  95. 
Wotton,  E.  234. 

„     H.  65,  96,  201,  271,  274. 

„     Miss  M.  I,  65,  79.  ^fu 
Wray  60. 

Wyche,  Sir  P.  331. 
Wye  288. 
Wynn  239. 

Yalden,  Crusophilus  2. 
„      Dorothie  2. 
„      Edmund  2,  55,  79,  95-7- 
,,      William  2,  27,  49,  166. 

Yates  201. 

Yorkshire  264. 

Zouch,  Lord  247,  274. 


E  e 


Date  Due 

MAD  j 

mh  J  J 

Library  Bureau  Cat.  No.  1137 

QK21.G7G8   SCHI 


3  5002  00166  2928 


Gunlhtr,  R.  T 

Early  British  boianisli  and  ihfii 


CK 

21 

G7G8  106846