IIII
Il Ih
IIII
I
CENTRE
for
REFORMATION
and
RENAISSANCE
STUDIES
VICTORIA
UNIVERSlTY
T O R O N T O
BALLIOL COLLEGE
EA I?. I.'" Il I ST() R
(_Il"
BAI_.LIOL
COLLEGE
I"R\NCES DE I'.\I(.\VICINI
KI;(L\N
I',\U 1,
I.ON IDN
"IRI,;NCtl, TRUBN ER,
TO MY tiUSI:AND
I » R E F ,\ C E
ExFr book is SUl»posed to need a preface. J:or
the following pages a ver}- fcw words will suce.
In love for thc Foundress, and in revermce for
the foundation, from the anal»le materials within
mv reach I bave endeavoured te, trace the Early
H istory of Balliol College.
If the Members of Balliol College will bc inter-
ested in it, and if Oxford Citizens ill care for it, I
shall be well repaid for the pleasant tr,»uble and thc
happy hours it has cost me.
And here I would record my sincere thanks to
the Reverend Benjamin Jowett, lXlastcr of B,tlliol.
for his great kindness and courtes)" in gr,.mting
access to the College Archives.
viii /S«Hj, ttistorj, of ]Yalliol Col/w«
And I wish to express my gratitude to the
friends who have, from time to time, always most
readily, helped me with the translations of the
Mediaeval Latin ; in most cases writing entire trans-
lations fi»r me. Ail such help, in tasks where I,
unaided, must have failed, has been invaluable.
Especially my thanks are due to Mr. \V. M. Geldart,
Scholar of I3alliol College, who has translated for
me Dervorguilla's Statutes, and the Statutes of Sir
l'hilip de Somervyle. And to lIr. G. \V. Wheeler,
M.A., of the College, and Assistant at the Bodleian
Library, who has given me liberal help with the
l.atin Register.
I have given l«»ng extracts from the Manuscript
,f Antonv à \\ ood, now preserved in the Bodleian
l.ibrary (M S. \Vo«»d. F. àS) ; and also long extracts
from the small book, a[[iv'us, printed in 668,
xritten by Henry Savage, then Master of the
College. And I have gleaned much, and quoted
«,lten, from the pages of lIr. llaxwell Lyte's most
iteresting and exhaustive Itisto O, of the Uff,crsity
ol-¢).vforrL Occasi«mal rcfcrences to the Fourth
A',',,'! o/ tac Royal Commissio, o,z Igistorica!
l[«llltSCi'l'ls iml,ly that I bave ad,,l,ted lIr. Ril«.y's
words for the description or translation (,f a docu-
ment.
\Vith the exception of documents given in
modern Latin, instead of the abbrevilted type, I
have endeavoured, in all qu«,tations, whether from
ancient records or modern writers, to follow the
originals in every detail of vords, spelling, and
punctuation. This plan. strictly right and consistent
in itself, has caused man)" seeming inconsistencies
in the pages of this volume.
(XI-ORD : jrute 89.
I-2RANCEb DE I».\I.AVICINI.
CONI lN
CHAPTER I.
Madmn Balliol.--Broad Steet.--Horsemonger Street.--Can-
ditch.--Halls and Hostels.--School Street.--Balliol Hall
CHAPTER II.
Origin of the University.--King Alfred.--Early Teachers.--
Gra'mbald.--Pulein.--Vacarius.--Migration from Oxford.--
Letter of Nicholas of Tusculum.--St. Edmund.--The Friars .
CHAPTER III.
John de ]3alliol.--Scotch Scholars at Oxford.--John de Balliol's
penance.--The origin of 13alliol College.--Alan, Prince of
Galloway.--Dervorguilla of Galloway, Lady of Balliol
38
CHAPTER IV.
Foundation of Balliol College.--Old Balliol Hall.--Sparrow Hall.
--Hammond's Lodgings.--St. iXlargaret's Hall.--St. Mary
Hall.--Dervorguilla's Statutes.--Brother Richard de Slike-
burne.--Bishop Oliver Sutton.--Some old documents.--Ed-
ward l.--John de Balliol, Dervorguilla's son.--Edward Balliol.
--Dervorguilla's death.--Sweetheart Abbey
xii Ear/)' //lstor.J' of .I]a//io/ Co//c, qz '
CHAPTER V
l'he bu,ldings af Balliol College, from the manuscript of Antony
à \' ood 9 °
CHAPTER VI.
l)ervorguilla's first gifts to the Scholars of Balliol.--Documents
relating to St. Laurence, Jewry.--Hugh de VCychenbrook.--
Hugh de Vienne.--,Valter de Fodringeye.--First Masters, or
Principals, of the College.--Early 13enefactors.--Hugh de
,Varkenbyand William de Gotham.--Richard de Hunsingoure.
Dervorguilla's Oratory.--Licence from Bishop Oliver Sutton.
--Licence from Pape Urban V.- Letter from the Abbot of
Reading
110
CHAPTER Vil.
ther Benefactors.--Richard Hunsington and Walter Horkstow.
--Geoffrey de Horkestow and Richard de Staynton.--Letter
fiom Queen Margaret.--Gift of land and houses from William
Burnel.--Hugh de St. lvo and Geoffrey de Horkestowe.--
Hamond Haskman and Thomas Cinlow.--The Catherine
Wheel
14_.2
CHAT'TER VIII.
.\bboldesley.--Sir William de Felton.--Letter from ]'ope Cle-
ment VI. -Mickle-Benton.--Sir Philip de Somervyle.--13ishop
Richard de Bury.--Statutes of Sir Philip de Somervyle .
,65
CHAPTER IX.
Filyngham, Brotelby, and Risom.--V'illiam de Broclesby.--OId
\Voodstock and \Votton.--Morton.--The Convent at Clerken-
well.--The College Chapel.--The College seal .
Ço»lcnls xiii
CHAI'TER X.
Difficulties iq the College.--The College acknowlcdged the Royal
St, premacy.--Letter from P,,pe Urban V.--.qtatt, tes of Bishop
Simon Sudbut-y.--Letter fi-o,n t'ope Alexander VI.--Letter
rioto Pope Julius II.--Bishop Richard Fox.--Extracts from
Bishop Richard's .C, tatutes
I 227
CHAPTER XI.
Translation of the eal-ly portion of the Latin Register .
CHAPTER XII.
Eminent men who bave belonged fo the College.--Benefactors t
the College.--Masters of the College . "2-98
TES
Page 64, I. 26. For Hempoll, mad Hertilpoll.
This translation was made from a modern Latin transcript of the
Statutes, which may have been incorrect in some minor details.
Page 88, 1. zl. The date Iz 9 seems to refer to the older founda-
tion, before Dervorffuilla built Dulce-Cor, commonly called New
Abbey.
Page 92 , 1. 9- I ara told that there is doubt about the walls of the
Master's dining-room being the original walls of Dervorguilla's
Chapel.
Page 97. 1. 24. Antony à \Vood wrote ' Urban 6,' which appears to
be a mistake for Urban 5.
l'age 228, last line. The letter from Pope Eugenius probably is in
the College archives ; but it did not come under my notice.
Page "-42, 1. xo. For Octoboni, read Octobonus.
Page 29I. In this extract, through a mistake in transcribing, the
abbreviations have hOt been given.
Page 3o7, last line. I have been unable to find any trace of the note
Henr), Savage speaks of, adding that it was ' torn off.' But at the
end of one (perhaps more) of the manuscripts of Duns Scotus, in
the College Librar)', is a note which says that Duns was educated
at Merton College.
l'age 338, 1. 23. LmoL seems to be a large sure. There may be
-,me mistake.
EARLY
BALLIOL
HISTORY
Oir
COLLEGE
CHAPTER I.
IF we stand to-day in the Broad Street at Oxford.
and look at the modern buildings of Balliol College,
it is hard to realize that the ground they cover,
and the name they bear, have an history, old, rich,
closely mixed with the annals of learning, and min-
gling continually with Ecclesiastical and University
interests. The range of gothic stonework which
faces the Street ; the Master's bouse, men's rooms,
and lecture rooms, the porter's lodge, and the square
tower above it, replaced an older building, and an
older tower, in about the year 868. Pieces of oak
from the interior of the ' Old Tower.' as it bas since
been called, were bought up by enterprising carpen-
ters and fancy-dealers, and made into cabinets and
Called Alodern Got/t&.
B
2 rl Hitor o.î" Ballo!
ho×es and then were sold aan to Ballol men, at
an increased alue. And the ew Tower' stood,
white and fresh from the stone-masons' hands, to
witness to the vitality of Dervorguilla's foundation.
Passing round Fisher Buildings, we corne again
upon gothic work, and another tower, above a less
important gateway. Theground here has its history
also; and these buildings, together with the front
part of a comparatively old dwelling-house, hide
from us the new dining hall, a quite rnodern block
of masonry and brickwork, at the north end of the
garden quadrangle.
Broad Street, obviously so called, is the old
Horsemonger Street of the twelfth and thirteenth
centuries, which reached from North Gate to Smith
Gare; and the length and general outline remain
almost the same, though the appearance of the Street
has been continually changed by successive altera-
tions. \Ve are told that ' the Reason of its attaining
this Naine was from a Market of Horses sometime
kept there ; for the Prior of St. Frid. by a Patent
from K. H. I. had it granted him to be kept from
North Gate to Holywell, and so to the North East
Corner of the City \Vall, and it was called the Horse
and Horsemonger-Street Market; but at length,
when Merton College had that Manor in their hands,
some Strife happened between them and the said
Priory, who told them they were not to keep any
Early t[islozy of tTallz'ol Collcge 3
such Market there in alieno solo ;--it was therefore
left off.--The Place afterwards was wholly known
and written by the Naine of Canditch, Candida fossa,
because of the clear Stream that formerly ran under
all the I,'orth \VaIl.' l
The line of the City \Vall is so well known, we
need hardly linger over any description of it. Some
portions of the \\rall still remain, at the end of the
gardens at the back of bouses in Broad Street, not
far from St. Iichael's Church. Thence it continued
to Turl Gate and to Smith Gate. Under this \Vall,
on the north side of it, ran the clear stream, which
gave the Street its naine. This stream was divided
into Fish Ponds, one of which, lying farther on to-
wards East Gate, was 'for the Iayor's Table, and
his own Use.' That this ditch, or stream, was ori-
ginal/), a part of the trench, or moat, round the City
Wall, there can be no doubt ; and also that, in times
of even slight rain, it ould easily fill with water, is
a natural supposition. There is no record of the
depth, or width, of the trench ; but we read that the
people, to whom the Fish Ponds were leased, neglected
the cleansing of them, and the current of the stream
was in several places stopped ; and 'they came by
Degrees to be dried up ; and at last, by Conveyance
of Dirt and other Filth of the City, and of Earth
çt of O[ord, Peshall, p. 239.
4 Early History of Balliol Collee
from Foundations of Colleges, were in a manner
levelled with the other Ground.' 1
Canditch has sometimes been spoken of as the
' King's Highway of Canditch.' .And, indeed, such
a Street as it was in those days, and such as we see
it now; though now despoiled of much of its beauty,
and disfigured by our modern shops and houses, a
cobble road, and patient cab-horses ; it well deserves
the regal appellation. The broad level space, which
was all road and gravel, with its borderings of grass,
and its large trees, began near St. Mary Magdalen's
Church ; and extended eastward to the little Chapel
by the City Wall, near to Smith Gare, built--history
does not tell us by whom--in honour of out Lady,
and known as 'Our Lady's Chapel.' Canditch was
wider than the present Broad Street. On the north
side stood the small Halls and Hostels, where Stu-
dents lived and learned ; and all along the length of
the Street, on the south side, was the running stream,
soon to degenerate into a ditch for rubbish ; and the
grand City \Vall, with its bastions, of that sad grey-
ness peculiar to the Oxfordshire stone.
On the north side of Horsemonger Street were
several Halls ; but, from the meagre records we bave,
it is not easy to learn their origin, or to trace their
exact position. It must aIways be regretted that no
contemporary account has been preserved for us of
Citr o[ Ox]ord, p.
Early Hçsto 3, of Ballo! Collce 5
the numerous Halls which existed in Oxford at that
time. There are no trustworthy narratives, and
very few traditions, concerning them; but only a
long list of their names, and we have some know-
ledge of the Streets and localities where they stood.
Mr. Anstey, in his introduction to the d[«lzfmcl«ta
Acadcmfca, says it is possible that some MSS. may
even now be lying in the Bodleian Library, or in
Muniment Rooms of Colleges, which xvould throw
light on the history of the Halls ; but, he adds, it
is more probable that such MSS. may be round, if
they exist at all, hidden away, their value not under-
stood, in private Libraries. In the City Archives,
there certainly were once valuable documents,
relating to the history of the University ; but even
these cannot now be discovered. The records of
the Halls are, virtually, lost; unless we accept, as a
last resource, the suggestion that at Rome might be
round particulars of appeals from Oxford, which
would give us some insight into the obscure details of
Oxford lire in those early days.
In speaking of the Halls in Oxf«,rd, we must be
careful not to confuse them with the Colleges. The
Halls, known simply as Halls, Hostels, or Entries,
were--as far as we can ascertain--merely lodging-
houses, or boarding-houses, for Scholars ; and were
unendowed. A boy, sent to Oxford, went to one of
the Monasteries, and that would be with a view to
6 Early tfçs/ory of ]allio! Col&ge
his becoming a Religious ; or he went to one of the
boarding-houses, and became, in course of time, a
secular Clerk; or he remained a Laic. But, both
Clerks and Laymen were spoken of as Scholars
and Students; that is, they were studying, and
were under the rank of Bachelor ; while the title
of Master implied having taken the highest degree
in any Faculty. It is uncertain when these
boarding-houses and Halls vere first established ;
but we know of their existence in early days, from
the accounts of disputes about rent. In 213,
the Townsmen, xvho had suffered much from the
severe interdict vhich had been laid on the Town,
applied to Niche)las of Tusculum, the Papal Legate,
for protection and fi»rgiveness. And we find that
the Legate, in J ? 14, remembering all the grievances
of the Scholars, decreed--among other things--that,
for a certain number of years, only hall the rent
agreed upon should be. paid fcr the Halls and Inns.
Besides these Halls, there were Schools in Oxford,
xvhich were distinct from the Schools in the Religious
t Iouses. It has been computed that there were not
less than thirty-tvo in School Street. 1 And this
seems to be no great number ; for a School merely
meant the house, or room, where public lectures
were given, and where Disputations took place.
Each Master, lecturing, was obliged to have his own
' .][unimenla Acade,nica, vol. i. p. 240.
Earl 9, History of Balliol College 7
lecture room. The lIasters rented the Schools; and
each School, or house, had, in all probability, two or
three lecture rooms.
]Ir. ]Iaxwell Lyte, in his Histo O, of thc U«i-
z'ersit A, of O.tford, does not attempt an), minute
description of the locality of early foundations.
About Balliol, he only tells us, that ' the Scholars of
Balliol lived for some years in a hired house situated
in the northern suburb of Oxford, in Horsemonger
Street, near the church of St. lIary Magdalen.
Thence they removed to another bouse a few yards
eastward in the saine street, known as Mary Hall,
which, '`vith three adjoining plots of ground, ",vas
purchased for them by the Lady Dervorguilla in
1284 .'
That 'hired bouse' was the original Balliol
Hall, v«hich bas since grown into Balliol College.
But, before beginning to speak of the foundation
of the College, we must take a rapid glance at
Oxford as it then was ; that we may recognize the
work that John de Balliol meant his ' House at
Oxford' to do, and the need there '`'`as for such an
endov«ment.
! ttist. Uni,. Ofortt, Maxwell Lyte, p. 86.
8 Early Histo o, of Balliol Colleçe
CHAPTER II
TItE origin of the University of Oxford must always
remain an open and doubtful question. There are
the old legends, now rejected, which tell us how
Alfred the Great built here three Halls, which formed
the nucleus of the future University; and, at the
saine time, linked his naine with the foundation of
University College. But it is well known, that the
University, with the help of money given by \Villiam
of Durham for the support of poor Clerks at Oxford,
established a Society of Clerics ; and the building
they inhabited came, by degrees, to be recognized as
the Great Hall of the University, or University
Hall. And, later on, what is now University College
was knmvn, and spoken of, as the ' Hall of Master
\Villiam of Durham.'
\Ve know that King Alfred'legatos praeterea ad
Gallias direxit et inde Sanctum Grimbaldum, sacer-
dotem et monachum ac virum in disciplinis ecclesi--
asticis eruditum, nec non et J ohannem presbyterum
et monachum bonis moribus adornatum ; ex ultimis
etiam \Valanorum finibus, de monasterio Sancti
Farly ll[story of Ballio! Colle¢e 9
David, Asserum ad suum accivit consortium, ut horum
omnium sapientia et doctrina regis desiderium cres-
ceret, qui et in brevi ita profecerunt, quod librorum
omnium notitiam haberet perfectam.' 1
[Translation.--Moreover, he directed messen-
gers into Gaul, and thence called into his company
St. Grymbald, Priest and Monk, a man learned in
Ecclesiastical disciplines; and also John, iriest and
Monk, adorned with good moral virtues ; and from
the farthest confinesof \\raies, Asser, from the Monas-
tery of St. David; so that by the wisdom and learn-
ing of all of them, the desire of the King might be
advanced: and in a short time they succeeded so
well that he had a perfect knowledge of all books.]
The story that Grymbald and John were brought
to Oxford, that they might teach, and establish
Schools, would tend to prove that there were Schools
and Scholar here before Alfred's time. The story
goes on to say, that the Students in Oxford refused
to accept the Forms of Reading, and the Institutions,
which Grymbald and the learned men who accom-
panied him from France wished to introduce ; and
so sharp was the dispute between the two parties,
that Alfred hastened to Oxford, to induce them to
come to amicable terres. But Grymbald, not satis-
fied by the King's attempt at a compromise, left
Oxford, and retired to the newly-founded Monastery
I $fall]tew Paris, ed. Luard, vol. i. p. 407.
o Early [istory of ]?a/lio! Cllege
at Winchester. We are told how' Sanctus Grim-
baldus migravit ad Dominum.' In the year 904,
' Sanctus presbyter Grimbaldus, magnoe vit sancti-
tatis, et unus magistrorum Alfredi regis, gaudia con-
scendit regni coelestis.' 1 .A1SO we hear of St. Neot, a
Professor of Theology ; and Asser, the lXonk ; and
John, the companion of Grymbald, whose lectures
King Alfred offen attended.
Unfortunately, around the truth of the story about
Grymbald there bas been much entanglement and
controversy ; and it is now generally believed to bave
been inserted into Asser's Lire of ]çing Alfred, by
an unknown hand, in the time of Richard II. ' But
here we do corne to at least real persons, Alfred and
Grymbald, and the rest, though acts are ascribed to
them which we may safely af-firm they never per-
formed.' \Ve would like to think that with these
names, perhaps, the real tangible history of educa-
tion at Oxford begins. Alfred's presence in the City,
and his efforts to encourage a love for learning, not
unfrequently shown by lais listening to the teaching
given by those whom he had placed here, forms a
bright picture of Saxon times. The fact of Grym-
bald's sojourn in Oxford seems to be secured to us
by the account of the local jealousy, which would hot
acknowledge his superior attainments ; and his name
i zllatthev Paris, ed. Luard, vol. i. p. 437-
zllunimenta tcademica, Introduction, p. xxviii.
Early History of Bal[io! Col[e.e I
lires with us still, in the dark Crypt under St. Peter's
Church, known as ' Grymbald's Crypt,' built for his
last resting place. It can be seen any day. There
are two rows of short pillars in it; the vaulting is
composed of semicircular arches of hewn stone ; and,
at the east end, are indications of an Altar having
once been there. These are fascinating pictures;
but the mist of myth and legend that encircles them,
bids us look at them for not too long, lest our love
for the Saxon King, and his saintly associates, should
tempt us to trust to what are, apparently, only forged
fables.
The most that can be said on this subject has
been ably stated by an enainent authority.--' Thus
whatever we know at all, by tradition, by documents
(suspected or unsuspected,) or by the evidence of
general probability,--converges to the same result,--
that the Oxford Schools are as ancient as KingAlfred.
And the same authority argues, with a directness of
thought which is unanswerable, that when we find
' undoubted proofs, that a School existed at Oxford
in the middle of the eleventh century (z,. Ingulf.) and
since then, without interruption ;--when we cannot
find any epoch to which we could reasonably ascribe
the foundation of these institutions, except that at
which Alfred lived ;--ail sound historical judgment
would lead us to ascribe the foundation to Alfred.'
Huber's Enfflish Universilies, trs. by Newman.
2 Early Itistory of t?alliol College
After Alfred's time there is a singular dearth of
names of note in connection with the Oxford Schools.
\Ve hear of no eminent Teacher after Gr3'mbald left ;
and the study of Theology died with St. Neot. In
I 33, Robert Pulein came to Oxford, and began to
lecture on the Bible, and to preach on Sundays.
St. Bernard of Clairvaux, in one of his letters (CCV),
alludes to a request he had ruade about him, 'ob
sanam doctrinam quoe apud illum esse dignoscitur' ;
and further describes him, as' fultum gratia amico-
rum, quorum in curia non minima auctoritas est.'
Henry I., attracted by the accounts of this great
Scholar, and of the good doctrine he taught, and
his devout life, offered him a Bishopric; but this
he refused, 'having food and raiment,' and only
accepted the Archdeaconry of Rochester. The fame
of his piety and learning reached Rome, and he was
sent for by Innocent II. Pulein was ruade Cardinal
in the Pontificate of Celestine I I. ; and, afterwards,
he was Chancellor to Pope Lucius VII.
The next great Teacher at Oxford was Vacarius,
who came here a few years after Pulein had been
called to Rome. The presence of Vacarius marks
an epoch in the progress of studies at Oxford, for he
introduced the study of Roman J urisprudence, at that
time unknown in England" but which he had followed
at the Universityof Bologna. He came to England
at the invitation of Theobald, Archbishop of Can-
Early t-[istory of talliol Col&ge 13
terbury; and he became very popular at Oxford,
where Students crowded to his lectures, eager for
the new kind of knowledge. Nothing is known
of the Teachers immediately following Pulein and
Vacarius; nor is it known in what part of Oxford
lectures were then delivered. The Students were
under the jurisdiction of,the Bishop of Lincoln;
and, therefore, it has been concluded that they
were independent of the neighbouring Priory of St.
Frideswide, and the Abbey of Oseney; and that
the public lectures were delivered in the City. But
hardly anything is known about the teaching in
Oxford, after the time of Vacarius, until I 186, when
Giraldus Cambrensis, one of the Chaplains to
Henry I I., visited the City, and read his Too-
grai#h 9' of IrelaJ¢d to the inhabitants. H is own
account of this visit, and of his public readings, is
better than an)" description we can give. \Vhen
the Topograhia was finished,--' lucernam accen-
sain non sub modio ponere, sed super candelabrum
ut luceret erigere cupiens, apud Oxoniam, ubi
clerus in Anglia magis vigebat et clericatu proe-
cellebat, opus suum in tanta audientia recitare
disposuit. Et quoniam tres erant in libro suo dis-
tinctiones, qualibet recitata die tribus diebus conti-
nuis recitatio duravit ; primoque die pauperes omnes
oppidi totius ad hoc convocatos hospitio suscepit et
' Hist. Unir. Ox[ord, llaxwell Lyte, p. I2.
1 4 Early Hitory of Balliol Col&ge
exhibuit. In crastino vero doctores diversarum
facultatum omnes et discipulos fame majoris et
notitioe. Tertio die reliquos scolares cum militibus
oppidanis et burgensibus multis. Sumptuosaquidem
res et nobilis, quia renovata sunt quodammodo
authentica et antiqua in hoc facto poetarum tem-
pora; nec rem similem i Anglia factam vel pre-
sens oetas vel ulla recolit antiquitas.' 1
[ Trauslatt'on.--Not desiring to put the candle he
had lighted under a bushel, but wishing to set it on a
candlestick, that it might shine ; he determined to
read his work before a large audience at Oxford,
where the Clergy were more numerous than elsewhere
in England, and excelled in all clerkly qualities. The
book was divided into three parts; and, as he read
one part each day, the reading lasted three succes-
sive days. On the first day, he hospitably enter-
tained all the poor of the whole Town, whom he
invited for the purpose. On the next day, he re-
ceived, in like manner, all the Doctors of the various
Faculties, and their more distinguished Scholars. On
the third day, the other Students, with the Knights
of the Town, and many of the Burgesses. It was a
costly and splendid affair, truly ; for the occasion was
a genuine revival of the good old rimes of the Poets.
There never uas anything like it seen in England,
either in presênt days, or in past antiquity.]
Giraldus Cambrensis, ed. Bre er, vol. i. p. 72
Early History of Balliol College 15
In I2o9, all lectures at the University were in-
terrupted and all studies arrested, in consequence of
a serious quarrel between the Clerks and the Towns-
men. A Student in Arts murdered a young girl,
and the Townsmen, in their baste for vengeance, hOt
being able to secure the guilty man, put to death two
Students who were entirely innocent of the crime.
The University, as has been stated, was under Ec-
clesiastical jurisdiction ; and the Clerks and Masters
at once joined together to resist this unjust interfer-
ence on the part of the civil authorities, which was
an infringement of their right to be tried and punished
by lawful superiors, and in Ecclesiastical courts.
Pope Innocent III. had laid Englandunder an inter-
dict; and little sympathy for Church authority, or
support for the Clerks, could be expected from King
John. The Scholars, terrified at the bold assumption
of power on the part of the Townsmen, and fearing
also the anger of the King, t]ed from Oxford in great
numbers. One account says that not a single Student
remained in the City. In the Chronicon de Laner-
cosl, we find the following account of the migration
from Oxford :--
' Unde multipliciter, et quoad seculares et quoad
religiosos, illo tempore persequebatur rex proedictus
ecclesiam Anglicanam, unde clerici, timentes regis
tyrannidem, Oxoniam fere omnes reliquerunt, aut si
autem remanentes non multo tempore post, propter
6 Early History of 27alliol College
unius suspendium, ex toto villam interdicendo reces-
serunt, partim apud Redyngs, partim Parisius diver-
tentes. Hoc credo accidisse propter oppressionem
et necem secutam unius puelloe, quoe fuit turpiter
reperta apud Maydenhal.'
[TraJ«slatiou.--So, at that time, the aforesaid
King was persecuting in various ways the Clergy of
the English Church, both secular and regular ; and
so the Clerks, fearing the King's tyranny, nearly ail
deserted Oxford. And the few that remained, not
long after, on account of the hanging of one of them,
departed, laying the City under a total interdict:
some went to Reading, the rest to Paris. I believe
this happened on account of an outrage on a girl,
and her subsequent death. She was found in a
shameful condition at Maydenhal. 1]
\Vhen the Scholars left Oxford, the Church laid
, still more severe interdict on the City, which
was not removed until I213; when the repentant
Burghers appealed to the Papal Legate, promising
to accept his judgment, and to do penance for their
rash deeds. Then the Scholars were allowed to re-
turn to Oxford.
The letter of the Pope's Legate is worth insert-
ing in full; for it shows, not only the severity of
Ecclesiastical punishment, but is also an illustration
of the wise economy that, while reproving the arro-
Maiden Hall.
Earl), Iffislory of Balliol College 17
gance of the Townsmen, introduced new laws, which
would secure some privileges to the University, and
tend to promote peace between the rival parties. It
is to the decrees of this Legate, Nicholas, Bishop
of Tusculum, that we trace the origin of some of the
now existing University laws, which make all resl-
dent members of the University, to a certain extent,
free from civil jurisdiction.--
' Littera N. Legati de poena Burgensium propter
suspendium clericorum ab eis commissure.
' N., Dei gratia Tusculanus Episcopus P, postolicoe
sedis legatus, dilectis in Christo filiis Burgensibus
Oxonioe salutem in Domino.
' Cum propter suspendium clericorum a vobis
commissure mandatis Ecclesie per omnia stare juras-
setis, Nos, volentes agere misericorditer vobiscum,
statuimus quod a festo S. llichaelis, anno ab incar-
natione Domini millesimo ducentesimo decimo quarto
usque in decem annos sequentes, Scholaribus Oxonioe
studentibus condonetur medietas mercedis Hospi-
tiorum omnium locandorum clericis in eadem villa,
mercedis inquam taxatoe communi consilio clericorum
et nostro ante recessum Scholarium propter suspen-
dium predictum clericorum : Finitis veto proedictis
decem annis, aliis decem annis proximo sequentibus
locabuntur Hospitia sub mercede cleri, ut proedictum
est, taxata.
'HOec de Hospitiis constructis et taxatis ante
18 Early History of Balliol College
proefatum clericorum recessum : constructa vero post-
modum vel construenda aliaque prius constructa sed
non taxata arbitratu quatuor Magistrorum et qua-
tuor Burgensium taxabuntur, et proedicto modo per
utrumque decennium locabuntur. Communia quoque
ejusdem ville annuatim dabit quinquaginta duos
solidos dispensandos in usus pauperum Scholarium
per manus Abbatis de Osneya et Prioris ecclesie S.
Fridesvy&e de consilio venerabilis fratris Hugonis,
tunc Episcopi Lincolniensis et successorum suorum
vel Archidiaconi loci sive ejus officialis aut Can-
cellarii, quem Episcopus Lincolniensis Scholaribus
ibidem przeficiet, ita scilicet quod viginti sex solidi
solventur annuatim in festo Omnium Sanctorum et
viginti sex solidi in Capite Jejunii. Proeter hoc etiam
eadem Communia pascet centum pauperes Scholares
in pane, cerevisia, potagio, et uno ferculo piscium vel
carnium singulis annis in perpetuum die S. Nicholai
quos Episcopus Lincolnie vel Archidiaconus loci seu
ejus officialis aut ipse Cancellarius vel alius ab hoc
Episcopo Lincolnioe deputatus providerit. Jurabitis
etiam quod victualia et alia [Scholaribus] necessaria
justo et rationabili pretio vendetis, et ab aliis vendi
fideliter procurabitis, et quod in fraudem hujus
provisionis graves non facietis constitutiones vel
onerosas, per quas conditio clericorum deterioretur.
Si vero contingat amodo clericum capi a vobis, statim,
cure fueritis super eo requisiti ab Episcopo Lincolnie
larlj, I-ristoo, of t?allio! Colle, fie
seu Archidiacono loci vel ejus officiali vel a Cancel-
lario seu ab eo qtlm Episcopus Lincolnioe huic officio
deputaverit, capture ei reddetis, nec aliquo modo
machinabimini in his vel in aliis quod pra:fati Lin-
colnire Episcopi jurisdictio elidatur, vel jus suum vel
ecclesire sure in aliquo minuatur. Jurabunt etiam
quinquaginta de majoribus ex vobis pro se et Com-
munia et heredibus suis, quod hrec omnia supradicta
fideliter observabunt, et hoc juramentum quolibet
anno renovabitis ad mandatum Episcopi Lincolnioe
per quot idem Episcopus voluerit citra numerum
pra:taxatum. Carrare quoquesigillocommunisigna-
tare sub predictis articulis facietis ascribi, et venera-
bill fratri Hugoni nunc Episcopo Lincolniæ libera-
bitis, cul voluerit in custodiam committendam ; hoc
autem vos et heredes vestri facietis, ut honor et re-
verentia clericis eo exhibeatur abundantius quo magis
per vos fuerant dehonestati, l\Iagistrivero, qui post
Scholarium [recessum] irreverenter legerunt Oxonie,
suspendentur per triennium ab of-ficio legendi ibidem.
Otaries autem, qui de suspendio clericorum fuissetis
confessi vel convicti, venietis, ad mandatum venera-
bilis fratris Flugonis nunc Episcopi Lincolnire, cure
interdictum fuerit laxatum, ad sepulcra clericorum
discalcea6 et discinct i, sine capis et palliis, sequente
vos Communia, et ipsorum corpora differetis in
coemeterio sepelienda ubi clerus providerit, proestito
sibi, ut prædictum est, a vobis jurarnento ; et, carta
C2
2o Early History of t?alliol College
communi confecta et venerabili fratri Hugoni nunc
Episcopo Lincolnie liberata, licentiam habeant
Scholares et Magistri Oxoniam redeundi et ibidem
legendi, exceptis his qui per triennium sunt suspensi,
de quibus est premissum.
' Si vero contra statuta nostra et proprium vene-
ritis juramentum, ex ipso facto sciatis vos excom-
municationis vinculo innodatos, et venerabilis frater
Hugo nunc Episcopus Lincolnie et successores sui
vos et villam vestram reducant in pristinam suspen-
sionis sententiam. Vobis igitur auctoritate legationis
qua fungimur mandamus in remissionem peccatorum,
firmiter injungentes quatenus hanc constitutionem
nostram recipiatis ad mandatum venerabilis fratris
Hugonis Lincolnie Episcopi fideliter adimplendam.
' Datum apud Rameseiam septimo kalend. Julii.'
[TranslaNou.--Letter of Nicholas, Legate, con-
cerning the punishment of the Burgesses, on account
of the Clerics whom they hanged.
Nicholas, by the Grace of God, Bishop of Tus-
culum, Legate of the Apostolic See, to his beloved
sons in Christ, the Burgesses of Oxford, Health in
the Lord.
Since, on account of the Clerics whom you
hanged, you have sworn to stand, in all things, by the
commands of the Church ; We, being willing to deal
mercifully with you, decree that, for ten years from
t 2tlunimenla Academica, vol. i. p. I.
the Feast of St. Michael, in the year of the Incarna-
tion of out Lord 12 I4, the moiety of the rent of all
Hostels let to Clerics in the saine Town shall be
remitted to the Scholars studying at Oxford; the
rent, that is, rated by the common counsel of the
Clerics, and out own, belote the withdrawal of the
Scholars, on account of the hanging of the Clerics.
When these ten years are ended, for another ten
years, next ensuing, the Hostels shall be let as rated
under the clerical rent, as aforesaid.
So far respecting the Hostels erected and rated
belote the withdrawal of the Clerics: as to those
erected afterwards, or to be erected, and others
erected but hot rated, they shall be rated at the
arbitration of four Masters and four Burgesses ; and
shall be let, in the same manner, throughout the
two terms of ten years. The Community of the
saine Town shall also give 52s. a year, to be spent
for the use of poor Scholars, by the hand of the
Abbot of Oseney, and the Prior of the Church of
St. Frideswide, with the counsel of out Venerable
Brother, Hugh, now Bishop of Lincoln, and his
successors, or of the &rchdeacon of the place,
or his official, or the Chancellor whom the
Bishop of Lincoln shall set over the Scholars
here; so that, to wit, 26s. be paid yearly on the
Feast of &ll Saints, and 26s. at the beginning of
Lent. Besides this, also, the Community shall
22 Ea'Ij, H¢sto'y of Balliol ColIege
provide bread, beer, pottage, and one dish of fish
or flesh, every year in perpetuity, on St. Nicholas'
Day, for an hundred poor Scholars, whom the
Bishop of Lincoln, or the Archdeacon of the place,
or his officia|, or the Chancel|or himself, or another
deputed by the Bishop of Lincoln, shall appoint.-
You shall also svear that )'ou will sell, and will
procure tobe sold faithfully by others, victuals, and
other necessaries, [for the Scholars], at a just and
reasonable price, and that )'ou will not, in fraud of
this provision, make grave or burdensome regula-
tions, by which the condition of the Clerics may be
made worse than before. But if it happen from
henceforth, that a Cleric be arrested by you, forth-
with, when )'ou are required concerning him by the
Bishop of Lincoln, or the Archdeacon of the place,
or his official, or by the Chancellor, or by him whom
the Bishop of Lincoln shall have deputed to this
office, you shall hand over the prisoner to him, nor
in anywise shall you desire, in these or other
matters, that the jurisdiction of the Bishop of
Lincoln be eluded, or his or his Church's right be
impaired in anything. Also, fifty of the elders of you
shall swear, for themselves, and the Community, and
t.heir heirs, that all these things shall be observed ;
and )-ou shall renew this oath, every year, at the
mandate of the Bishop of Lincoln, by as many as
the same Bishop shall will over the above-rated
number. You shall also have recorded, and sealed
with the common seal, a Charter under the aforesaid
articles, and deliver it to out Venerable Brother.
Hugh, now Bishop of Lincoln, tobe committed into
the keeping of whom he may will : and this you and
your heirs shall do, that the honour and reverence
due to Clerics may be the more abundantly shown,
the more it has been disgraced by you. And those
Masters, who irreverently lectured at Oxford, after
the [withdrawal] of the Scholars, shall be suspended
for three years from the office of lecturing there.
And all who have confessed to, or been convicted of,
hanging the Clerics, shall, at the mandate of out
Venerable Brother, Hugh. now Bishop of Lincoln,
when the interdict shall have been relaxed, come to
the graves of the Clerics, shoeless, and ungirded,
without caps and cloaks, all you of the Community
following, and carry their bodies to the Churchyard,
to be buried where the Clergyman shall provide, the
oath being taken by you to him, as is above said :
and when the common Charter has been made, and
delivered to out Venerable Brother, Hugh, now
Bishop of Lincoln, let the Scholars and Masters
have licence to return to Oxford, and read there,
except those who are suspended for three years, as
aforesaid.
But if you go against our Statutes, and your own
oath, know that you are bound, i;so facto, with the
24 Early ttistor), of talliol College
chain of excommunication ; and let our Venerable
Brother, Hugh, now Bishop of Lincoln, and his
successors, bring back you and your Town under
the former sentence of suspension. We, therefore,
command you, by the Legatine authority which we
discharge, in remission of your sins, firmly enjoining
that Tou receive, at the mandate of our Venerable
Brother, Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln, this our constitu-
tion, to be faithfully fulfilled.
Given at Ramsey, the 7th day before the
Kalends of J uly.]
lqigration from Oxford appears to have been
a not unusual course of action for aggrieved or
offended Scholars, and even Teachers, to pursue ; not,
necessarily, always from fear, but sometimes only
' of malice.' \Ve read that, in the year I287, 'the
Universite of Oxforth chose a Chauncelere, lIaister
William Kyngeston. Thei sent on the bischop of
Lincoln for his confirmacion: the bischop seide it
was his deute to coin himselve. Thei answerd that
this was her elde privylege; and this wold thei
kepe. The bichop was inflexibil, and thei were
obdurat. And so of malice thei left her redyng, and
here teching, lXIany scoleres went away ; thei that
abode were evel occupied. But at the last the
bischop condescended to her elde custome.'
To give any description of the neighbouring
1 Capgrave's Ckronicl« ofEnglaml ed. Hingeston, p. 68,
Early History of Balliol Collee 2 5
Monasteries, is quite beyond the scope of this
small history. Among the Abbeys then existing in
England, the Benedictine House at Abingdon was,
perhaps, one of the best known. The fact of its
nearness to Oxford, at a time when numbers of
Clerks and Scholars were continually flocking hither,
must bave added to its reputation ; as, undoubtedly,
the position of the Town, between Oxford and the
Cpital, favoured the trade and commercial interests
of the inhabitants. Reinald Rich was one of
.A_bingdon's most successful merchants; but the
lame of the merchant bas died away, and he is
known in history only as the father of the afterwards
celebrated Edmund Rich, who is the first person
recorded to bave taken a degree at Oxford.
Although Edmund's lire must bave been a
contrast to the ordinary lives around him, yet it
affords some illustration of the time he lived in,
and the state of Oxford when he studied and taught
here. Brought up under the shadow of the great
Benedictine Monastery at Abingdon, all his child-
hood was passed in the midst of religious and
intellectual surroundings, which greatly influenced
his young days, and his after lire. As a child, he
grew to love and reverence both saintliness and
learning: all his early associations fostered his de-
sire for holiness, and strengthened his ambition for
knowledge. His mother, Mabel, was distinguished
26 t?arly Itistory of tTalliol College
for her extreme piety, and she used all her mother's
influence and gentle art to train the character of ber
favourite son. A touching vision rises before us
when we read, that ' Edmund was, under his
mother's training, all that even such a mother could
desire, or hope. He was diligent in his juvenile
studies, and showed little inclination for those manly
sports, which would have qualified him to do battle
in the world. H is abstinence, however, from such
pursuits gladdened his mother's heart. When he
saw Mabel, having discharged her household duties,
kneeling on the cold hard pavement of the Abbey
Church ; mingling tears with enthusiastic devotions ;
the sympathising child would creep to her side, and
impart the only kind of comfort, which to her heart
was acceptable, by uniting his prayers with hers.'l
At the age of twelve Edmund was sent to Oxford,
to study Grammar. Afterwards hewent to Paris, to
continue his education at the University ; and when
he returned to Oxford, we hear of him as a Teacher,
and one of those who, at that time, were noted for
their eager desire to restore the fame of Oxford, and
to stimulate the religious and intellectual life here.
The well-known story of his early piety is, perhaps,
best related in the words of the Chronicler, who tells
us that, ..I). l.CC.XXVIIi. Master Stephen Langton
'a praesenti luce ad gloriam translatus est octavo
' Li,es ofArchbishops olCanterbury, Hook.
Early Histo 7 of alliol College 2 7
idus Julii.'--' Cui successit sanctus Edmundus, de
Abandon oriundus, ac magister in Logica et Theolo-
gica, vit eximiae munditke, abstinentioe et vigilioe,
sicut aliqua exempla de singulis inferius ponenda
comprobabunt.
'Nam in exemplum munditke illibate istud
primo occurrit, quod puerulus intendens Oxoniec
grammaticalibus, gloriose Virginis imaginera, quam
saepe, et una cum tota Universitate, vidimus, clam
desponsavit, imposito digito \ïrginis aureo annulo,
quod multi postea oculis conspexerunt.'
[Tats[at[on.a.D. I228, Master Stephen Lang-
ton was taken from this world to the light of
glory, on the 8th of July.--To whom succeeded St.
Edmund, of Abingdon; a Master in Logic, and
Theology ; a man of special purity, abstinence, and
wakefulness, as certain instances to be quoted here-
after will prove.
As an example of his innocent candour, we may
mention that, when he was a small boy, studying
Grammar at Oxford, he betrothed to himself secretly
an image of the Glorious Virgin; which we, and the
whole University, have frequently seen. On the
Virgin's finger he placed a golden ring, as many
persons afterwards saw with their own eyes.]
And the same simple and devoted faith, which
characterized his early years, marked several of his
Chronicon de Lanercosl, ed. Stevenson, p. 3 6.
28 Early History of Balliol College
practices as a Teacher, and made his lire at Oxford
both remarkab|e and noteworthy. One of his first
objects was to assist the Friars in their efforts to
make Oxford celebrated, as a place of study and
learning, for Theology and Philosophy; and he soon
became a popular and attractive Teacher. His
modern ]3iographer, who shows little appreciation
for Catholic devotion and sanctity, is constrained to
tell us, and we can readily believe, that ' the expres-
sion of his countenance was always cheerful, and
there was a peculiar grace in his manner.' With
no great effort of the imagination, we see him, in
his long gown of grey cloth, passing abstractedly by
the buildings in $chool Street, as he hastened in
the early morning to iMass at St. Mary's, or at St.
Peter's ; and to out ears, almost, the voice is audible,
which thrilled his hearers in the lecture room, or
broke into pleading admonitions to his much-cared-
for pupils. He was, what we moderns would call,
'generous to a fault,' for his fear of hurting the
susceptibilities of his poorer $cholars led him to
desire all to make only what payments they liked,
or to consider his lectures free. _And it was hot
' scholarly pride,' but simple humility, that prompted
him to say with a smi]e, as he placed the uncounted
money on the window-sill, ' Earth to earth, ashes to
ashes, dust to dust.'
Li,,es o[Archbisttohs of Canterbury, Hook.
Early ttisto 7 of talliol College 29
Simple, loving, and beyond dispute is the tes-
timony of Chroniclers and H istorians to the saint-
liness and genius of this great Teacher.
,ye said S. Edmund was borne at Abendon in
Berkshire, at w ch place was (and is still as I think)
a lane called S. Edmunds lane wherein probably he
receiued his first breath.' Antony à Wood wrote.
And, besicles the facts we have mentioned about his
life and work here at Oxford, much more might be
gathered from historical documents, manuscript and
printed, to tell us of his work in the world, beyond
the limited circle of his Oxford friends and pupils ;
of his intrepid plain-speaking ; and of his heroic self-
sacrifice. The Chronicles we turn to, in our desire
to learn more about this wonderful man, point always
to his deep humility, his profound knowledge, and
his untiring zeal. There is a fascination for us in
the picture of that quiet Teacher, whose voice drew
hundreds to his lecture room in School Street, where
his ' Sehool' lent glory to our University. The man
who had no thought for life; who never heard the
heedless remarks, nor the impertinent questions;
and who ignored, alike, the rewards and the rebuffs,
the praises and the censures of this world; drew
around him those who were to build up the intellec-
tual greatness of Oxford ; and by his wisdom, and
his learning, and his gentle influence, he guided and
taught them. I t was a work incalculably great.
30 Early History of Balliol College
Never again bas Oxford known such a Teacher.
Through the silence of centuries, and the darkness
of years forgotten, still are we attracted to the story
of that earnest lire, which, even in our days, bas its
visible results. \Ve love the details of his saint-lire ;
his early devoutness ; his daily Mass; the beautiful
Form, which stood by him as he taught; how he,
who was' courted by the greatest schollers of that
age both for his piety and learning, did often ac-
cording to his manner convers in privat with God,
especially in his walkes of recreation in the feilds
neare Oxon.' And we reverence his vast learning ;
and the noble use he ruade of it.
In \Vharton's Mnlt'a Sacra is the concise
summary :--' Edmundus de Abendoniâ. consecratus
est in Archiepiscopum anno Domini tccxxxlv.
Iste sanctissimus fuit. Ortâ autem inter ipsum &
Regem Henricum gravi dissensione super jure &
libertatibus Ecclesioe Cantuariensis, Monachisque
suis alias commoventibus, post intolerabiles injurias,
habito super hoc Suffraganeorum consilio, excom-
municavit occ@atores injustè & perturbatores juris
& libertatum Ecclesioe Cantuariensis generaliter ; &
quosdam, de quibus legitimè constabat, specialiter.
Nolens autem cure Rege contendere, sed magis
maliciis cedere, mare transivit. Obiit autem ibidem,
cùm sedisset sex annis; requiescitque apud Ponti-
niacum, anno Domini tCCXL.'
Earl), Histo O, of Balliol College 3i
[2"ranslation.--Edmund of Abingdon was con-
secrated Archbishop, in i234. He was a very holy
man. A serious difference arose between him and
King Henry, concerning the rights and liberties of
the Church of Canterbury. After suffering intoler-
able injuries, under pressure of his !XIonks, and
previously taking the counsel of his Suffragans in
the matter, he excommunicated by a general sentence
the unjust intruders and the infringers of the rights
and liberties of the Church of Canterbury. But a
few of them. with regard to whom he had juridical
proof, he excommunicated by naine. However, he
did not wish to have contentions with the King;
but, preferring to give place to evil, he crossed the
seas. There he died, after a sojourn of six years,
in 124o; and he lies buried at Pontigny.]
Capgrave, in his Chronicle of England, gives a
simple and straightforward account of the dispute as
to the succession to the See of Canterbury. He
states, that ' In the xvi ere of Herry felle a new
contraversie at Cauntirbury: for summe chose the
prioure of the Trinite Cherch, and summe chose
Maystir Jon Blundy. Whan this eleccion cam to
the Pope, he cassed it ; and than the prioure of the
Trinite resined his ryte; and the Pope refused
Maister Jon Blundy, because the bischop of Wyn-
chester wrot onto the emperoure for his promocioune.
This cause was alleggid ageyn him, that he had too
3 2 Early t-fisto 0, of Balliol College
benefices, with cure of soule, withoute leve of the
Cort. Than were the munkis at her lyberte to have
a new eleccion: and thei chose Maistir Edmund
Abyngdon, a holy man, whech was thanne tresorer
of Salisbury.'
And by other Chroniclers this 'holy man' is
mentioned. Matthew Paris relates how he used his
influence as a peace-maker; 1 and also speaks of
him as a man 'honestoe conversationis et bene lite-
ratum.'e The account of his death is in keeping
with the many characteristics of his life" ' Beatus
Edmundus . . Pontiniacum aliquandiu moraretur,
orans et plorans pro statu ecclesim Anglicanm. 'a
And, later on, we find our King Henry III.
' veniens apud Pontiniacum înfirmatus, ad feretrum
beati Edmundi oravit, et sanitatem recepit.' 4
Although it is beyond doubt that St. Edmund
had Schools in Oxford, it is impossible to say for
certain where they stood. Antony à \Vood seems to
think that they might be ' that bouse, afterwards
called St. Edmund's Hall in Schoolstreet, and in the
Parish of St. Mary.' And he adds a list of the
' divers famous persons [who] were his auditors and
admirers in the said Schools, among which were
Robert Grosteste, who afterwards wrote several
Epistles to him, in one of which he mentions his
llalthew Paris, ed. Luard, vol. iii. p. 29o. = Ibid. p. 244.
I&'d. ed. Madden, vol. iii. p. 282. I&'d. p. 34-
.arly His[ory of alliol College 33
"serpentina prudentia," and "columbina simplicitas.
&c." Then, Robert Bacon, Rich, Fishacre, the
eminent Dominican: Roger Bacon, with others
mentioned elsewhere.' 1
These names bring with them other memories.
Now a new vista opens before us. School Street,
with its thirty-two Schools, and many Masters and
Teachers of various merit and importance, in the
better neighbourhood of St. Mary the \'irgin and
St. Peter in the East, gives place to the poorer
locality of St. Frideswide and St. Ebbe, where the
foundations were being laid for the new generation
of Teachers and Schoolmen, who were to take their
part in the making of Oxford, and lend their names
to ber wide-spread faine. The now dingy and
almost unknown Paradise Square, was the garden
of the Franciscans ; and owes its naine to the tradi-
tions of holiness and peacefulness, that are ever
associated with the followers of St. Francis. e Near
where the City gas-works are now, close to the
river, on ground now covered with narrow Streets
and Courts, and thronged by the poorest of the
City's people, stood the fine Dominican Friary,
with its grand Church. No trace of the Fran-
ciscan House remains, and it is almost impossible to
learn what was its exact position. But a local His-
Atoy à I4Iood ed. Gutch, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 738.
This may be only report, from the fact that the site of Paradise
Square was within, or adjoining, the Franciscan walls.
D
34 larly ttistory of ]Talliol College
torian bas saved for us some facts about St.
Dominic's Church. He tells the sad story of sacri-
lege and destruction, in quaint but touching words.
' Their Dissolution came with the general and
common Fate of all such under H. V I I I.
' Then that House, which by the Learning and
Piety of these Friars had attracted many, even Pre-
lates, to lay down their Honours and Preferments
and become one of them, with all the I nclosure of
Ground, containing 3 Acres in Compass, towards the
East ; the Grove on the West, with all Appurtenances,
likewise the lXIessuage aforesaid adjoining their
Gate, and the neighbouring Seat of the Grey Friars,
was by King H. VIII. 3ISt of his Reign, sold for
Io94'. to R. Andrews, of Hayles in Co: of Glouc.
Esq; and J. How, Gent. Soon after they sold
them to W. Freer of Oxford, and Agnes his Wife,
and their Heirs; who demolished the Church and
most of the lonastery, selling the Stone, Lead,
Glass, Bells, &c at a very cheap Rate, unless we
allow for the Sacriledge of it.
'This Island, now converted chiefly into a
Garden, is in the different Occupations of T. Tred-
well and Ann Castell; and the House, called the
Prior's House, as though detached from the rest of
the Friary, consisting of good large Rooms, fit for
the Quality of such prime Person, and of a monastic
Form, is at present demised to Polston.
Early History of talliol College 35
' Their Church was built by them, and dedicated
to St. Nicholas on the Day of St. Virus and
Modestus, Anno 1262, by R. or Benedict Gravesend,
Bishop of Lincoln.
' Here have been buried; Walter Malclerk, a
famous Author.
' Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall.
' Sir J. Golafre, of Fyfield, Berks, Knt. Aug.
I378, with great Pomp.
' Sir Peter Besills, Knt. of Besills-Lee, Berks, in
I426.--He is reckoned among the principal Patrons
of the said Church : the South \ring whereof he also
built, and is said to have bequeathed I2oZ'. for
making of six Windows in the saine.
'Stephen Wall, Bishop of lXIeath, in I reland.
buryed 1376.
' Besides these have been çound, at the dissolv-
ing this Monastery, many Tombs, Stone Coffins, with
the Bodies oç Men in them ; Rings on their Fingers,
Chalices on their Breasts, Coins about their Necks,
and Parchment Deeds with their Seals to them ;--
Hearts wrapped up in Lead ; one of which, with an
Inscription, being dug up in I644, by a Gardener,
and brought to King Charles I. then at Oxçord, was
in the Presence oç the King taken out oç the \Vrap-
per;and, which was much admired, appeared almost
fresh and uncorrupted.
' Mr. Wood mentions, very imperçectly, twelve
D 2
36 Early t-[istory of Balliol College
Priors of these Dominicans; of whom, Simon de
Bonil, in :'38, was Chancellor of the University.'
These Houses have perished; but the work
that the Friars did is the true memorial of their
greatness. They taught piety to the Oxford people,
and they ruade the Oxford Schools. Adam de
Marisco was the first Franciscan who read lectures
at Oxford, and his School was in great repute.
' Lyons, Paris, and Cologne were indebted for their
first professors to the English Franciscans in
Oxford. Repeated applications were ruade from
Ireland, Denmark, France, and Germany for Eng-
lish Friars; foreigners were sent to the English
School as superior to all others. I t enjoyed a repu-
tation throughout the world for adhering the most
conscientiously and strictly to the poverty and se-
verity of the Order; and for the first time since its
existence as a University, Oxford rose to a position
second not even to Paris itself. The three School-
men of the most profound and original genius, Roger
Bacon, Duns Scotus, and Occham, were trained
within its walls. No other nations of Christendom
can show a succession of names at all comparable to
the English Schoolmen in originality and subtilty,
in the breadth and variety of their attainments.
I taly produced its Aquinas, a great organizer, like
the Roman himself; its Bonaventure, in whom St.
' Cty of Ox[ord, Peshall, p. 26..
Early Histoy of talliol Collee 37
Francis reappears in a shape more learned, if not
more spiritual; Germany its laborious Albertus
Magnus ; Spain its Raymund Lully, the representa-
tive of Spanish adventure and Spanish genius. But
no nation can show three $choolmen like the Eng-
lish, each unrivalled in his way, and each working
with equal ability in opposite directions. The influ-
ence of the English school was consequently more
profound, more brilliant the reputation of its
Teachers.'
.And when the Lady of Balliol set ber hand to
carry out ber husband's wishes, she went for counsel
and help to a Franciscan Friar ; ber object being to
found an House at Oxford, which should be an home
both for piety and learning.
' [onumenta Franciscana, ed. Brewer, Preface, p. lx,,xi.
3 8 Early History of Balliol Collee
CHAPTER III.
TJiE early Chroniclers liked best to tell us about those,
who, while worldlings were wrangling and fighting,
laboured to promote study, and to diffuse the love
of learning. In Mediaeval pages, the prominent
names are not those of Kings, and their Captains and
Courtiers; but the names of men like St. Hugh of
Lincoln, and Bishop Grosseteste ; whose work, steady
though noiseless, whether pursued in the Bishop's
Palace or the Friar's Cell, must ever be counted
in the \Vealth of Nations. Yet Chroniclers do not
neglect other matters ; and always, as the noble deeds
of good men are related with a proud fidelity, so the
misdeeds, even of people of importance, are told
with unflinching courage. The Monk of St. Alban's,
vho has, it may be said, saved English History,
gives us details of King Henry III. demanding a
subsidy, in I_-,44 ; and certain persons were appointed
to consider the demand. They were ail men of
great reputation, and high position; whose wisdom,
judgment, and integrity, could be relied upon. And
Early His:ory of talliol College 39
among them we find the name of John de Balliol.
.And Balliol's name is again mentioned when a Charter
of the King of $cotland was sent to the Pope for
confirmation. 1
John, Lord of Balliol, in his magnificent Castle,
high above Tees, and commanding a far view
over surrounding woods and vales, was a Baron of
great importance. H is riches were considerable;
and included, besides his own property, the large
possessions which his wife inherited from her father,
.Alan, Prince of Galloway. An attempt had been
made to deprive the three daughters of Alan of their
inheritance ; but it was unsuccessful. Alan's daugh-
ters were,wHelen, who married Roger de Quinci,
Earl of \Vinchester ; Dervorguilla, who married J ohn
de Balliol ; and Christian, who married \Villiam de
Fortibus, afterwards Earl of Albemarle. Christian
died childless ; and her share in her father's property
was given to Dervorguilla. And thus John de
Balliol's wealth was greatly augmented.
In the finely written pages of the Chrozica
3lajora, with their quaint and beautiful illuminations
mfor Matthew Paris was Chronicler and Artistmwe
learn how Balliol was able to purchase peace vith an
angry King.w[1255. ] ' Tempore quoque sub eodem,
Johannes de Bailloil, toiles, dives et potens, cujus
t 21[allhew Paris, ed. Luard, vol. iv. pp. 362, 384 .
40 Early History of Balliol College
pater in armis strenuus regi Johanni in arcto posito
multum servierat et in dubiis casibus soepe contulerat
adminiculum, cum graviter, sicut et Robertus, accu-
saretur, sibi pecunia, qua abundavit, regis necessitati
satisfaciendo, caute pacem comparavit.'
[Translation.--About this time also, John de
Balliol, Baron, rich and powerful, whose father, an
ardent \Varrior, had done King John good sela-ice
when he was in difficulties, and had often helped him
in doubtful chances, xvas accused with Robert on a
grave charge. However, by spending some of the
money in which he abounded, and thus occurring
to the King's necessity, he cannily obtained a
peace.]
But the sins of this rich and poverful Baron, the
report of whose wealth made King Henry pause in
his wrath and act with a cunning kindness, are
chronicled in very plain words.--
'Eodem anno, facta est concordia inter epi-
scopum Dunelmensem \Valterum et Johannem de
Bailloil militem super pluribus controversiis inter
ipsos motis. Similiter est pax reformata inter pri-
orem de Thynemue et dictum Johannem. Ipse enim
J[ohannes], supra quod deceret et animoe suoe expe-
diret, avarus, rapax, et tenax, tare ecclesiam de
Thynemue quam ecclesiam Dunelmensem diu ac
multum injuste vexaverat et enormiter dampnifica-
verat. Nec non et alias ecclesias ac viros ecclesias-
Early History of Balliol College 4 I
milites, causis excogitatis et inventis, sibi
had arisen between them. Likexvise peace was
restored between the Prior of Tynemouth and the
said John. For this John who, more than was
becoming or safe for his soul, was covetous, rapa-
cious, and grasping, had for a long time, unjustly and
severely, molested both the Church of Tynemouth
and the Church of Durham, and had donc them in-
calculable damage. Moreover, on pretexts devised
and framed by himself, he had vorried and harried
other Churches, and Ecclesiastics, and Barons, of his
neighbourhood, according to the saying,
' No proud man will ever brook a fellow.'
In the same way a miser, who is not content with his
own goods, will open his maw for other men's. Now
lIatthew Paris, ed. Luard, vol. v. p. 5-"8.
ticos ac
vicinos loeserat fatigatos, juxta illud,
« Omnisque superbus
Impatiens consortis erit."
Similiter autem et avarus, cul sua non sufficiunt,
alienis inhiabit. Cognoscens autem dominus rex,
quod idem Johannes multis denariis abundaret,
quoestionem gravem contra ipsum, ut prdictum est,
[intendit]; sperans pro pace redimenda thesauri sui
cumulum mutilare.' x
[Translation.--In the saine year, an agreement
was come to by the Bishop of Durham and John de
Balliol, Baron, on many points of difference which
42 Early ttistory of talliol College
the Lord King, knowing that this saine John pos-
sessed a large quantity of specie, started, as I said
before, a serious matter of debate with him, in hopes
that, in negotiating peace, he would be abIe to
mutiIate somewhat his treasured plie.-]
I t was difficult to spoil l,latthew Paris. Pages
might be filled with accounts of the special favour
shown to him by King Henry III. Once, at a
soIemn public feast, the King, recognizing Matthew
Paris, sent for him, and made him 'sit on the
middle step between the throne and the floor.'
And, when visiting at St..A.lban's, the King would
' bave him at his table and in his chamber.' z Yet
the kingly favour, probabIy appreciated, did not
hinder lIatthew Paris from 'remonstrating boldly
with the King,' perhaps on more occasions than one.
Nor did it prevent his breaking into quiet laughter
over his patron's weaknesses. 'O regem mirabilem,'
he wrote, 'cui impensa officia quasi nebuloe per-
transeunt matutinales, offense autem per tot tem-
pora thesaurizantur ! ' -
[7"ranslatio.--O wonderful King! Services
donc him vanish from his mind like a morning
mist, while slights are treasured up so many
years.]
And history has other tales to tell us sometimes
a Matthew Paris, ed. Madden. Preface.
Ibid. ed. Luard, vol. v. p. 569.
Early History of Balliol ColleEe 43
about Oxford, besides the often-repeated story of
work, and industry, and success.
About the first notice we find of a Scotch Scholar
at Oxford is,m' The K. at the request of Ralf arch-
deacon of Chester, the Chancellor of Oxford, and
others, mastêrs of the University, commands the
Sheriff of Oxford to deliver up to them Alan of
York, August' of Devon, Nigel the Scot, and two
other clerks, who were found with bows and arrows
in the K.'s forest of Shotover, and for that offence
seized and detained in the K.'s prison at Oxford.' 1
And among the Clerks, who were accused ofjoining
in the riot against the Pope's Legate, at the Abbey
of Oseney, in ,238, we find several Scotsmen,--
'John Curry, Roger the Scotsman, Peter the Scots-
man; and Reginald of Cuningham is freed by
showing an alibi; while Engelram de Balliol and
others are mainperned by Henry de Balliol. '-
There must bave been 'sets' in Oxford, even in
those days. The conflicts between the Northerners
and Southerners were only signs of national antago-
nism ; an antagonism, which, in spire of University
authority, would insist on breaking out occasionally.
In the history of our Oxford City, there is one
May Day so blackened by outrage and murder,
that all the sweet thorn-blossom of centuries bas
Close Roll, 15 Hen. III. m. 9-
Çalendar of Scotch 23ocuments. Preface.
44 Early History of Balliol College
not bleached its memory yet. On May , 48,
Gilbert of Dunfermline, a Scotch Student, of some
position in his northern home, was passing near
Carfax, in the afternoon, when a number of Towns-
men suddenly attacked him; and, as he fled in haste
down the High Street, they pursued him, throwing
stones at him, and pelting him with offal from the
butchers' stalls. He managed to get to All Saints'
Church, and there, staggering to the door for shelter,
he fell down, overcome by the blows of his pursuers ;
and some days afterwards, he died from the effects
of the ill-treatment he had received. And, doubtless,
there were many incidents of the saine kind that
passed unrecorded. Indeed, it may have been a
thought to improve the social standing of the Scotch
Clerks, as well as to facilitate their chances of
coming to the University, that prompted the good
Bishop of Durham to make John de Balliol give, as
part of his penance, a ' sum of fixed maintenance' to
$choIars studying at Oxford. John de BaIIiol, in
fulfilling the injunction, was sure to think about the
poor $cotch boys, who had to come so far to seek
their education. Perhaps in his heart there lurked
some sympathy for the trespassers in Shotover
forest ; and the reckless youths, who were mixed up
in the fray at Oseney, when the cook was shot. If
poor Scholars were to be maintained at Oxford,
might not an ' House' be established ? And might
Early I-[istory of Balliol College 45
not some from his ' ain countree' find home, and
lectures, and a scholarly position, within its walls ?
John de Balliol himself had sporting proclivities,
which were more easily passed over than were the
misdeeds of the unimportant Students. From the
Close Rolls, Henry III. we learn that ' The King
lately gave John de Balliol three bucks in Shirewood
forest, which he says he has not got; and he took
by chance (a casu) a stag, a hind, and a buck therein
without the King's leave. The King pardons said
offence.'
But more serious sins had come to light, two
years belote, and the Church had not dealt quite so
leniently with her ' truant son.'
In the year I26O, ' Dominus \Valterus de Chirk-
haro, Dunelmensis episcopus, ex hac luce plenus
dierum profectus est, vit mitis et mundus, corpore
exiguus sed mente liberalissimus ac plus, qui non
dilexit saltus lustrari sed psalmos. Tantoe autem
erat in exercendo of-ficium auctoritatis ut potentissi-
mis honori esset et timori, ac rebelles ecclesioe rigide
refroenaret. Contigit enim baronem suoe dioecesis,
totius Anglioe nominatissimum, cervicisse contra
honestatem sui gradus, et ecclesioe reverentiam aliud
perperam commisisse. Accepta vero temeritatis
illius audacia, plus pastor admonet de emenda;
verum quoniam superbia citius eligit confundi quam
corrigi, addit ille temeritati contemptum. Sed
46 Early Ifistory of 17alliol College
episcopus, erectis animis, ita sagaciter fugitivum
filium reduxit ad sinum, ut solemniter ad ostium
Dunelmensis ecclesioe, inspectante omni populo, de
manu antistitis vapularetur, ac summam certe sus-
tentationis scholaribus Oxonioe studentibus assignaret
perpetuo continuandam.' 1
[Translatiot.--The Lord Walter de Chirkham,
Bishop of Durham, departed this life fulI of days, a
gentle and pure man, in person Iittle, but in mind
very large and devout, who loved to traverse, not
the woods, but the psalms. He was of such autho-
rity in the exercise of his office that he was honoured
and feared by the mightiest, and sternly checked
those that rebelled against the Church. Now it
happened tbat a Baron of his diocese, the most
famous in the whole of England, had gotten himself
drunk with beer, quite contrary to the fair esteem
beseeming his rank, and had done other evil dis-
respectful to the Church. When he heard of the
audacity of that effrontery the good shepherd
admonished him that he should make amends ; but
inasmuch as pride chooses rather to be confounded
than to be corrected, he added scorn to effrontery.
But the Bishop, strengthening his heart, so shrewdly
brought back his truant son to his bosom, that with
much ceremony at the entrance of Durham Cathedral,
before the eyes of all the people, he suffered scourg-
1 C]tronicon de Lanercost ed. Stevenson, p. 69.
Early [-[istory of l?alliol College 47
ing at the hands of the Bishop, and assigned a sure
of fixed maintenance to be continued for ever to
Scholars studying at Oxford.]
This was the penance of John de Balliol, and
was the origin of Balliol College.
In the nine remaining years of his life, Balliol
seems to have fulfilled his obligation of ' maintaining
Scholars'at Oxford ; for we find the King (June 22,
x 266) commanding ' his Mayor and bailiffs of Oxford
from the farm of their Town at next Michaelmas, to
pay to John de Balliol Z2o, that the King has
granted him in loan for the use of the Scholars
whom he maintains in said Town.' 1 Henry III.
had received, in his time, money that was no ' loan'
from John de Balliol's coffers ; and now the King
might graciously lend him Z2o for the support of
his Scholars.
As far as we can ascertain, an House was estab-
lished, known as the ' House of Balliol,' where poor
Scholars were received ; and a sure of eight pence a
week was allowed to each of them, towards the
expenses of a common table. But the House
appears to have had no rules for self-government,
and it was not in Balliol's lifetime definitely en-
dowed. John de Balliol died in I269, at Barnard
Castle, and Dervorguilla continued the maintenance
of the Oxford Scholars, until she was able to give a
t Calendar of Scotc Documents.
48 Early ttistory of t?alliol Colle'e
more distinct character to the ' House of BalIioI,' by
endowing the Community which bore her husband's
naine, with permanent buildings, and substantial
funds. And then she gave to the Scholars those
beautiful Statutes, which, in their wisdom, charity,
and simplicity, and in the evidence of tender care
for all her poorer Scholars, must ever be prized as
the best and richest of her gifts, who was' roulier
magna opibus et prediis tare in Anglia quam in
Scotia ; sed multo major ingenuitate cordis.'
Dervorguilla, the eldest of the three daughters
of Alan, Prince of GaIIoway, was born in _-3.
From her father she may bave inherited some of
her gifts for administration, and the management of
her large properties. Alan of Galloway was Prince
of a lawless and reckless people, who needed the
hard hand of a stern and warlike toaster to keep
them in controI. One notice of the almost savage
race is interesting, for its own sake, and because of
its allusion to John de Balliol.
..)...cc.xxxI. ' Tunc temporis Alanus dominus
GaIwydie moritur, circa purificationem beatoe
Virginis; cujus aspera gens ad mala prompta,
post obitum domini non per duos annos manus a
malo continentes, et a subjectione regis Scottorum
recedere volentes, filium ipsius Alani illegitimum,
Thomam nomine, filias abhorrendo, sibi dominum
et quasi regem constituerunt. Adjuncto quoquesibi
Ear O, Itistoy of ]Yalliol Coll«gre 49
quodam facineroso, Gilleroth, et fines suos egressi,
terras regis, baronum et militum, circumjacentes
ferro flammaque depopulati sunt. Igitur tex, coa-
dunato exercitu, ipsos bello aggressus est, et inter-
fecta infinita multitudine miserorum, ac capto duce
sceleris, terrain filiabus Alani, justis heredibus, paci-
ficam reddidit et quietam. Postea domino J ohanne
de Bailliol seniorem sororem illarum ducente, Der-
forgoyl nomine, traditus est insimul dictus spurius
Thomas ejus custodize, qui usque ad decrepitam
a:tatem inclusus erat in interiori parte Castri Ber-
nardi.' s
[Tratslation.--At that time, towards the l'uri-
fication of the Blessed Virgin. Alan, Lord of Gal
loway, died. H is savage clan, always ready for
mischief, could hot withhold their hands from evil
as much as tvo years after the death of their Chief.
\Vishing to shake off their subjection to the King of
the Scots, and scorning girls, thêy ruade to them-
selves Lord and almost King, the illegitimate son of
Alan, Thomas by naine. They also leagued with a
certain scoundrel called Gilleroth, and, sallying from
their boundaries, laid waste with tire and sword the
surrounding country belonging to the King, and his
Barons, and Knights. The King, therefore, mustered
an army, and attacked them. He made an infinite
slaughter of the caitiffs, and took the chier of the
i Si. " Chronicon de Zater, ost, ed. Stevenson, p. 42.
E
5o F.arl.), Hzstory of Balliol Coll"
conspiracy prisoner. Then he restored the land in
peace and quiet to the daughters of Alan, the lawful
heirs. Later, Lord John de Balliol married Dervor-
guilla, the eldest of these sisters, and the aforesaid
misbegotten Thomas was handed over to his ward,
and was confined up to an extrene old age, in the
donjon of Cast]e Barnard.]
Dervorguil]a may have inherited some character-
istics from her father ; but, at least, all her thought-
fulness, her tender devotion, and her steadfastness
of love and purpose, were more probably the rich
heritage of one, who could, on her mother's side,
claire descent from St. Margaret of Scotland, and
her son, E)avid. After her mother's death, Dervor-
guilla was brought up by ber grandt:ather, David,
Ear] of Huntingdon (grandson of David, King of
Scotland, at Fotheringay. In -"33, she married
John de Ballil.
A very simple, and apparently quite accurate,
account of the Balliol family is given in the Notes to
l['.t'«to«t¢'s Ckrodcle, edited by David Laing.--
'It is most probable that the fami|y of Bailleul,
or Balliol, came to England with the Conqueror from
Normandy, where some of the naine stiII remain.
Ç«t.j, de aillol, who possessed lands in Northumber-
land and Durham in the time of William I I., is
believed to be the first of the naine upon record.
(l,.gd. l'on., vol. i. p. 388 ; t?Iount's Tenures, v.
tïarly Histo O, oJ talliol Collce 5
Biwell.) ermrd, apparently son of Guy, was one
of the English barons who defeated King David I.
at the battle of the Standard, and distinguished
himself in the skirmish wherein King \Villiam was
made prisoner. His sons were Engelram and
Eustace, of whom the former appears by Dugdale
to have had no issue; but according to Crawfurd
(Of_/ïcrrs of State, pp. 253, 260) he was the first of
the Balliols in Scotland, being Lord of Reidcastle
by marrying the heiress of \Valter de Berkley,
by whom he was father of Henry Charnberlane
of Scotland, and great-grandfather of King John.
According to Dugdale, Eustace was father of Hugh,
whose son jrohn married Dervorgil, the daughter of
Alan Lord of Galloway by Margaret eldest daughter
of David Earl of H untington, whereby he got vast
estates in many parts of England, and in Scotland
first a third, and on the death of her sister, a half of
Galloway, with an eventual title to the crown for his
posterity. Children of this marriage were l-Zug-h,
Alan, Alea«der, who ail died without issue,
who became King, and apparently Marjory, married
to John Cumin, Lord of Badanach. The sons of
King John by Isabel, daughter of John de Warren,
Earl of Surrey, were dward, who for some time
acted as King of Scotland, and Henry, who both
dying without issue, there remained no male heir of
the chier family of the Balliols.'
E 2
5"- Early Hiseory of i]alhol Col/,e
We do not hear much about
married lire; but 'Vyntoun, in
Cron.y/t'/, tells us of her piety ; and
entirely about,w
' How Dervorgill that Lady
Spendyt hyr Tresoure de.,;'otly.'
Dervorguilla's
his delightful
one chapter is
The first
two lines explain,
' Now to rehers it is my will
Surn ;i'ertws dedis off Derii'orgill.'
And the chapter ends with an account of some of
ber generous foundations.
' Scho fowndyt in to Gallway
Off Cystews ord're ane Abbay ;
Dulce-Cor scho gert thaim ail,
That is Swet-Hart that Abbay call :
And now the men off Gallway
Callys that sted the New Abba¥.
Howssys off Freris scho fvndyt tway :
\Vygto:'ne, and Dundé [war] thai.
In ekyng als off Goddis ser*?yce
Scho fowndyt in Glasgw twa chapellanyis.
And in the Unyversyté
Off Oxynfurde scho gert be
A Collage fowndyt. This lady
Dyd ail thir dedis devotly.
A bettyr lady than scho wes nane
In ail the yle off Mare Bretane.
Scho wes rycht plesand off bewté,
Here wes gret taknys off bownté.'
And, indeed, the Balliol College Statutes bear
testimony to ber doing 'ail thir dedis devotly.' In
them, she specially provides that ber Scholars
shall be present at Divine Office on Sundays and
£«'I, Hlslor;, J.Blliol College 53
Festivals; that there sha]l be Masses said for her
husband's soul; that the richer Scholars shall live so
temperately, that the poor shall not be hurt by heavy
expenses ; that the food left at table shall be given
to some poor Scholar ; and she begs her Scholars to
keep faithfully, and never part with, the Portitorium,
which she gave them, for the good of ber husband's
SODI.
Dervorguilla must have lived an active lire, in a
troublous rime. From the Scotch Records, we
g]ean many interesting facts about her, which ail
tend to prove her application to business, and her
ready attention to the management of her property ;
while her liberal endowments, ail wisely planned
for the good of Church and Nation, are the many
monuments of her large-minded charity.
We must not here attempt to enumerate her
good works. We must not stop to speak about
the Wigton Friary, buih for the Dominicans ; nor
the House of the Grey Friars, at Dumfries; nor,
though it tempts us much, must we linger to look
at the ruins of Dulce-Cor, the Abbey buih by
It would seem that this was a Monstrance, or Ciboriurn ; a sacred
Vessel for the Altar, in which the Consecrated Host was reserved, or
carried. Du Cange gives, Pomtorium, or Portatoriur% as Ledi«a,
Ihat in which anything is carried. Antony à Wood says, it was a
corporels case, wherein the Body of Christ, or the host, is kept.'
Henry Savage describes it, as 'a Corpore's Case (such as Will:
Wright the Master gave in the Raign of Phil: and Mary. See the
Register) wherein the Priest carryed the Host.'
54 F.ar O, kristoy of l?allio! 6ollee
Dervorguilla to the 'Greater Glory of God, and
Saint Marie,' and in memory of the husband she
loved so well. \Ve must pass at once to the work
she did for us in Oxford; a work undertaken in
loving fulfilment of ber husband's last desires.
arl), ttisto 3, of 13alliol Collcgc 55
CHAPTER IV.
_"8_" is the date of the foundation of Balliol College ;
that is, the date when the' House of Balliol' was
permanently endowed, and received its Statutes for
self-government. The first tenement rented for the
College was the house in Horsemonger Street, which
John de Balliol's Scholars had for several years
occupied ; and which was, later on, called Old Balliol
Hall. It was also known as Sparrow Hall;and,
afterwards, as Hamond's Lodgings. In 379, this
Old Balliol Hall, sometimes called Sparrow Hall, vas
leased by the University to the Master of Balliol,
and the following description of its situation is
gathered from the wording of that lease.
' Old Balliol Hall, with its Garden and At»pur-
tenances, was scituate between a Tenement of Saint
Frideswids on the \Vest part, and a certain Garden
ofthe Master and Scholars on the East, and extended
itself from the Kings-street, or Kings Highway of
Candych on the South, to the Garden of the said
Tyrwhit Master of the House on the North. The
56 F.arly IIislory of ]¢alliol Collce
area whereof (Garden and all I suppose to be meant)
was 96 Foot in length from North to South, and
47 Foot in breadth at the South end, and 4J at
the other. The naine of Sparrow-I--Iall, which the
University calls it by, might be given it before our
Founder first took it of them. or else since, by some
under-Tenant of that naine, who used it for a place
of entertainment for Students, the Colledge having
no longer use for it in that kinde.'
Another account of Old Balliol Hall tells us, that
--' It stood next. on the \Vest side, to Balliol Coll:
--and on the East side of the said Lodging, near it,
vas an,»ther named lIary's or Mary-ttall, mentioned
in a certain Charter in the Year 1266, whereby the
Pri,jr and Canon «tf St. Frid. did grant to J. de Eu
their whole Right and Claire of 6s. per Ann. vhich
they were wont to receive from the Hands of the said
John, for a Messuage, with its Appurtenances, called
Marye-Hall, situated between the Lands of Philip
de Ewe on the East, and Jeffry de Savcer on the
\\'est, called by some therefore Sawcer Hall, in
ttorsemonger-Street in Magdalen Parish. I t appears
to have had its Situation near or on the Scite where
the Forefront of that College now stands. Near it
St. Margarets Hall was standing within the limits
of Balliol.'
' On or near the Scite where the Forefront of that
1 Ealliofergus, p. 7. City of Oxfora, Peshall, p. u39.
Early Histor), of Balliol Collç,e .57
College now stands' is rather a vague description of
the situation of a small bouse, which stood on some
portion of the ground now occupied by the long line
of buildings, which reach from Fisher Buildings at
the west end of Broad Street, to where the College
.joins the Trinity front quadrangle. But anç»ther
history cornes to our aid, which states, that'The
Scholars of this Society first inhabited Old 7«lio!
Hall, on the Area whereof was lately built a Dwelling
H ouse call'd ]4ammond's-Inn; af ter that Devoilla
(as aforesaid) had them translated to St. 3/aF' Hall,
then situated near the South-xvest Corner of the pre-
sent Quadrangle ; to which, by a Purchase of three
Acres of Ground she added a Hall, Kitchin, and other
»ut-Buildings, with pleasant Walks and Groves. Soon
after the Fellows of ]k]iol purchasing several Parcels
of Ground (two of which la)" in ][orscmatgerslrecl,
and a third between ]aliol Land on the \Vest, and
I.and belonging to Slatter of £tsham on the East ")
.fohn, Son and H eir of lf%ller de" .lr;'ellece, conveyed
both these Spots of Ground to T/to.
and Tho. de Ponhvct, Fellows of this College,
who soon after gave the same to the Society.'
So we find the Scholars living first in Old Balliol
ttall, and afterwards in an house a little eastward of
it, called Mary Itall, which was 'then situated near
the south-west corner of the present quadrangle.'
Ayliffe, v. 1. p. z69.
,58 La'Z;, Hz's/o7 of .Balliol Collce
Dervorguilla purchased this Mary Hall in 1284, and
also three plots of land adjoining it ; and there were
built the hall, kitchen, and other buildings; and
there she had ruade the ' pleasant walks and groves.'
St. Margaret's Hall was'a certain messuage called
" Seinte Margrete halle " in the suburb of Oxford,
in the parish of St. Mary Magdalen, between the
t«nement called " Baylolhalle the New," on the one
side, and the tenement called " Old Baylolhalle" on
the other.'
The College still preserves several deeds relating
to St. Margaret's Hall. One is 'a parchment deed,
in Latin, being a grant by XVilliam Cnaresburg and
Agnes, his wife, to XVilliam Kyrnesale, John de
Notyngham, John de Suttone, and John de Craunce-
wyk, Clerks, of a messuage situate between the
tenement of the University of Oxford, " which is
called Old Balliolshalle," on the west side, and the
tenement of the Master and Scholars of the Hall of
Balliol, " which is called New Balliolshalle," on the
east side. " Given in the suburb and hundred afore-
said, on the 2oth day of May, in the I th year of the
reign of Iing Edward the Third." The two seals
are in fair condition.'
And there is a ' Record of a fine levied thereon
between the above parties, (tr.)" In the Hustings
of Oxford, on Monday belote the Feast of the
Hist..1/SS. Coin., Fourth Report, p. 447- 2 IM.
Annundation of the Blessed Virgin Mary," in the
I2th year of the rein of Kin Edward the Third,
"belote Henry de Stodeleh the layor, Richard de
Selewode and John Peggy, then Bailiffs, \Villiam de
Burcestre, Richard Car3", Andrew de Normenhale,
and Stephen de Adynton, then Aldermen ;" as to a
messuage called "La Margerethalle," situate between
the tenement called " La Niwebaillolhalle," on the
one side, and " La Oldebaillolhalle " on the other.' 1
St. 1Margaret's Hall, therefore, evidently occupied
the space between the house, known sometime as
Sparrow Hall, sometime as Hammond's Lodgings,
which John de Balliol's Scholars first inhabited, and
was consequently called Old Balliol Hall; and the
house known as Iqary Hall, which ,.-as situated in
the south-west corner of the l»resent quadrangle,
where Dervorguilla established them in I-'84. That
is, St. Margaret's Hall stood where the east part of
the Master's house now stands. Together with the
documents which relate to St. Margaret's Hall, is a
writing on paper, in a hand of the seventeenth cen-
tury, which states that the Hall was ' the ï tenement
from the south east end of the College.'
But it was before the Scholars were moved to
Mary Hall, and before the hall, kitchen, and other
buildings were erected for them, that Dervorguilla
gave them Statutes, and fi)rmed them into a distinct
Hist. IlfSS. Coin., Fourth Report, p. 447-
60 Farl), t-Zisto 7 of t?alliol Collee
Society. The poor youths, who were glad to accept--
what in those days was a liberal support--the eight
pence a week; and to be lodged in Balliol Hall, and
known as John de Balliol's Scholars, were living in an
hired house when Dervorguilla gave them their first
Statutes. The house, which appears to have been a
tenement of some importance, must have been of
sufficient size to lodge many Scholars ; and it must
have given rooms large enough to serve for hall, and
lecture room. This Old Balliol Hall was, as late as
1379, again hired for the Scholars, when their num-
bers increa.sed, and Nev Balliol Hall was found to
be hot large enough to take them all in. Therefore,
nearly one hundred years afterwards, the College
rented frnm the University the old original building
in which John de Balliol'.s Scholars had tir.st lived
together, and where they received their first rules for
self-government.
Chief among the many valuable and interesting
documents kept in the Col]ege Archives, are the
original Statutes, written in Latin, which have been
very carefully preserved. They are on one sheet
of parchment, very clearly written, The large seal,
which is nearly quite perfect, is in red wax, vesica-
shaped. The impression on it is di.stinct. The
figure, stately and striking, is supposed to represet
Dervorguilla. She has on a plain robe, and a veil
across her forehead. In her right hand she holdsan
escutcheon, with an orle upon it, as being Lady of
Balliol ; and in ber left hand is the Lion of Galloway.
The face is clearly cut; and, despite the diminutive
size, there are traces of fine features, and a certain
dignity of expression. The inscription round the
seal is' S. Dervorgille de Balliol filie Alani de
Galewad'.' On the reverse of the seal are the arms
of Balliol and Galloway impaled, with the inscription,
' S. Dervorgille de Galewad'. Domine de Balliolo.'
The exact words of Dervorguilla's Statures are,--
' Deruorgulla de Galwedia dfia de Balliolo; dilis
in xo Fri' Hugoni de HertilpoR -t Magro Will
de Menyl Slff in do s?@itnam . Vtilitati filiorf OE
scolariù nf or( Oxonie 9morancm/aff_:tu mat no
tguidere cupiè'tes ofiiia infgius annotata volum "9
¢- ..... C' o'h o
mandam OE pcipim ab eis nvmlablht obsuarl.
Ad honoré] g diïi nl:'i Ihù @i "t glose mats sue
Marie n"'ô % sëor( o5m In pmis volum ç t
ordinam9 / -1 scolares nr i o/ils "t sïgli teneant dieb
diiicis t festis pncipaliorib 3 diuino int e officio nnb
"t sermgiba seu dicac%ib3 in eisdê festis t dieb3/
n 9tïgat aliçi ex eis impediri ppt vrgètè nd'dltatè
vt euidè'tè vtilitatè cets v ° dieb dilin scolas
.O
exceàt OE studio intdant scdm statuta vnm-
sitatis Oxonie OE scdm forum inf lus annotatam.
Ordinam "9 OE q scolares nr teneant nr lS pcuratorib?
obedire in c,iib?: ex nr.a ordinad'6e 9cessione
9missione ad eorfregifii OE vtilitatè l)tie noscùtur.
62
trly ttisto O, o Ballol ColleEe
Itè volum 9 j. scolares nri ex semeti]Sis eligant vnù!
pncipalem cui cet l oiis humili obediant in hiis que
officii pncipalis 9tïgîït sc(lm statuta t 9suetudines
wt lpOS vsitatas t appbatas . Predes aute pncipa|
i)9j. legitiè fit elect / nis procatorib5 bs/t.
n ad de suo offidô execeat / ai'ij. ab eis autoritate
nra in fato offi6 fit institut 9 . Ceîù statuim9 c
scolares nrli pcent tres missas celebrari sing]is annis
sollepnlt / p ala dilecti mariti nr i di'ii . J. de Ball. %
p ;û'b idccessor( nror( "ç
omnlh'q; fideliù defùctor( .
nn. "t p nrja salute -t ïcolùitate ira q p%a missa
celebret r in lCma epdomada aduètus dfii "t sc(la in
epdomada septuat]. t cia: in pima epdomada post
octauas pasche :''t fiant igdêe misse de sêo @u vel
de beata vgie, vel 1' defùctis scdùi disp%'N pcurator( .
singlis dieb tare in pndio q in cena dic?it
bfidicC6m ai'q 9medi'it t post refC6m gas agi'it. t
or;t spi'ilit p ara dilCti mariti n'i sr lus n6îti. OE p
animab NN lYdecessor( nor«nni3 "t liberor( de-
ffictor( . p ïcolùitate OE n/)a ;t liberort ceor0% amic-
or(" nor( viuor( . nqï "t p n'is curatorib. sc(lm
antiqit 9 vsitatam . Et vt melius puideat sust?&aC6i
paupu ad quort vthtate intèdim 9 laborare: volum 9
did'dres in societate scolariù nror(" ira t[;l)ate studeant
vu. ut paupiores nllo modo g¢ut t)pt expèsas
onosas Et si 9tïgat totam 9mùitatè scolariù
nr-orf in expèsis îb. aliq" septimana excedere
porc"6m a nob eis ïp?Jsam: volum "t [cipim 9 disticte
£arly Hslory of b'alliol Collee 63
«-1 ad solu6"ôm illar{" expèsar{" excedèciù nichil 'iino
recipiat v]t vn{ï denariù ï vna septimana ab eis q
sclm discom "t arbitù l)curatorC nor(' indicàt
impotetes vel insufficiètes ad totalê illar' e×pt;sar.
solum facièdam, si eqq porè6 deberet ab oàiib
sociis exhiberi . i»dëa tri nolum 9 ad magnà vacac"6m
'i durat a tnslaC6e tri Thome martiris vsq,, ad festù
beati ]uce. n OE ad septimanas il]as in qb. occurrùt
festa Natiuitatis (l'iïice ccicisionis, ephphanie.
pasche. t pètecostes n in aliis casib in
pcuratores n?i " " '- "
tndlca,tt ilh omttte,l . Volum 9 ï
4_m'atores nros dili'ntê habere examina6m
i»}fata scolari n(]orC ïpotè'cia. t q scolares il3i ad
pcuratores nros accedant cù ofiii 9fidècia p eor¢
necessitate intimanda. Et si 9tïgat aliqm vel aliquos
ç o
de scolarib nrls ôt ordina oc"g'6a istam murm'are.
aù occasione istius ordina6îs paupiores bo vel
signo aliq ° puocare : volum 9 q scolares m:i teneane
st» iurai]ito not» f0stito noïâ taliP murm'anciù aù
.puocanciû nis pc'atorib. reuelare, qi q;d(: pcuratores
hïta s' hoc sufficieti l.,bacoe : autoritate sèci siî
spe redeùdi ilïm vel ii3os eiciant indilate . Statuim 9
"ï q scolares n'i ci3muni loq;e latinù t q passim
9trafeit a pncipali corripiat . "t se bis vel ter
correptus se n6 efiidait a comunione ùise sepetur p
se comedès t vltïo oiîiium çuiat . Et si incorrigibit
manserit p epdomadam =' a pcuratorib5 n?is eiciat .
Volum ç' t q q'alibet altera epdomada in scolares
64 Early History of Ballial OEolltge
nr os in eorl" domo dispute" vnù sophisma OE de-
t minet' t h fiat c'cularlt, ita o sophiste opponant
-"~ç dePminFt . Si v °
rBdeant q in scol elaut:
ç.
aliqs sophista ita puectus fit q mlto possit in breui
.
in scolis detmnare: tûc ei di«at r a pncipali q pus
detlet domi int socios suos. In fine cui51ib
disputa&is figat pncipal diè disputa&is seitis.
disputa&m regat k garrulos cohibeat assignet
sophisma pxi ° disputam}. - '»
opponee . respçd&è
d ç S i
et atore . vt melius valeant »uidere . Consimili
modo fiat qqib 5 ala epdomada de questione . Pre-
) .
cipim ï scolarib n ris f»mi iniùgêtes ut portitorii
qd eis p ma dilcti mariti nrl ccessm dilin
custodiant, n aIiquo modo pmittant ilhl inpignorari.
vel quocùq titulo alienari . Hant scola res ni
vnù paupè' scolare' p pcuratores nr os assignat.
cul singlis dieb reliqas fiise sue teneant' erogare.
n pcuratores nrl ill, detumt omittêt . t aute
omïa sing]a «2cta a n_'is scolarib tèe pcurator("
quor(cuq inviolabilit obseetr: 3sens sdpt
sigilli ni muniiie roborauimus Da ap Botel
in octauis asspis glose virus Marie. anno g('e.
o. cc. octogesimo scd.'
[ Trans[a[tbn. DervoriIla of GaIloway, Lady
of Balliol, to ber beloved in Christ, Brother Hugh
de Hertipoll, and Master William de Menyl, ever-
lasting Salvation in the Lord. Desiring, vith a
mother's affection, to provide for the vell-being of
our sons and Scholars dwelling in Oxford, we will,
Early History of Balliol College 6 5
ordain, and prescribe, that they do keep inviolate
all that we hereinafter make known. Therefore, to
the Honour of out Lord, Jesus Christ, and of His
Glorious Mother, Mary, and of ail the Saints. Firstly,
we will and ordain that out Scholars, each and ail,
be bound on Sundays and the chief Feast Days to
be present at Divine Office, and likewise at the
sermons, or discourses, held on those days and Feasts,
unless it chance that any one of them be hindered,
by reason of some urgent necessity, or matter of
evident utility; but that on other days they do
diligently attend the Schools, and give heed to their
studies, according to the Statutes of the University
of Oxford, and according to the manner hereinafter
ruade known. Also we ordain that our Scholars be
bound to obey out Procurators, in ail matters that,
according to our ordinance, grant, and commission,
are known to concern their order and well-being.
Also we desire that out Scholars do choose, from
among themselves, a Principal, whom all the rest
shall humbly obey in those matters which concern
the office of Principal, according to the Statutes and
customs used and approved among them. And the
aforesaid Principal, when he shall have been lawfully
chosen, shall be presented to our Procurators, and
shall in no way exercise his office until he shall have
been invested with the aforesaid office b)' them, and
by our authorit),. Also we decree that out Scholars
F
66 Early History of Balliol (._'ollege
have three Masses celebrated solemnly every year,
for the soul of our beloved husband, Sir John de
Balliol, and for the souls of our predecessors, and
for all the faithful departed. And likewise for our
salvation, here and hereafter. And, of these, the
first Mass shall be celebrated in the first week of
the Advent of our Lord, and the second in the week
of Septuagesima, and the third in the first week
af ter the octave of Easter ; and the aforesaid Masses
shall be of the Holy Ghost. or of the Blessed Virgin,
or for the faithful departed, according as the Pro-
curators shall appoint. And on every day, both at
breakfast, and at supper, they shall say the bene-
diction before they eat, and after the meal they shall
give thanks. And they shall pray in particular for
the soul of our beloved husband aforesaid, and for
the souls of all our predecessors, and likewise for the
souls of our children that are dead; and for our
security, and the security of our children, and all
our friends that are yet alive; and also for our
Procurators, according to ancient usage. And that
better provision be made for the sustenance of the
poor, for whose advantage it is our intent to labour,
we desire that the richer members, in the Society of
our Scholars, be zealous so temperately to live, that
the poorer be in no way oppressed by the burden of
expense. And if it chance that the whole Cornmunity
of our Scholars in an)" week exceed, in their coin-
mon expenses, the sum granted to them by us, we
t?arly History of Balliol College 6 7
desire and prescribe strictly that, for the payment of
expenses thus in excess, not more than one penny
be received in any week from those who, according
to the discretion and judgment of our Procurators,
shall be deemed to bave no means, or means not
sufficient, for the payment in full of such expenses,
if an equal portion were exacted froln each member.
Yet we do hot desire that the aforesaid be extended
to the Long Vacation, which lasts from the Trans-
lation of Blessed Thomas, the Iartyr, till the Feast of
Saint Luke; nor to those weeks in which occur the
Feast of the Nativity or Circumcision of our Lord, or
of the Epiphany, or of Easter, or of Pentecost; nor in
other cases in which it shall seem good to our Pro-
curators to omit the enforcement of this rule. Also
we desire that our Procurators make diligent exam-
ination concerning the above-mentioned matters.
And the Scholars themselves shall go to our Procu-
rators, with all confidence, to inform them of their
necessity. And if it chance that any one, or more,
of our Scholars murmur against this ordinance ; or,
on the occasion of this ordinance being enforced,
provoke the poorer Scholars, by word or sign ; we
desire that our Scholars be bound, under oath sworn
to us, to reveal to the Procurators the names of those
that are guilty of such murmuring, or provocation.
And the Procurators, if they have suf-ficient proof of
the matter, shall, by the authority of these presents.
F 2
68 Early I-[istor 9, of Balliol College
immediately expel such person or persons without
hope of return. We also do appoint that our
Scholars shall in common speak Latin, and he who
shall chance to have acted in contravention hereof,
shall be reproved by the Principal. And if, when
reproved twice or thrice, he shall not amend himself,
he shall be put away from their company attabIe,
and eat alone, and shall be served last of all. And
if he shall remain incorrigible throughout a week, he
shall be expelled by our Procurators. We desire
also that in every other week one Sophism shall be
discussed and determined among our SchoIars, in
their House, and this shall be done in turn, in such
manner that the Sophists shall introduce and reply,
and they shall determine who shall have determined
in the Schools. But if any Sophist shall bave ruade
such progress that he shall shortly have the right to
determine in the Schools, then the Principal shall
bid him first determine at home among his fellows.
And at the end of each Disputation, the Principal
shall post up the day of the next Disputation ; and
he shall order the Disputation, and restrain them
that speak overmuch, and appoint the Sophism to be
next discussed, and them that shall introduce, reply,
and determine, in order that they may be the better
able to make provision. In like manner shall they
discuss a question every other week. Also we or-
dain, and strictly enjoin upon our Scholars, that the
Ear[y [Zistory of lallio! College 69
Portitorium, which, for the soul of our beloved
husband, we have granted to our Scholars, they do
diligently keep, nor permit it in any wise tobe
pledged, or by any means alienated. _Also our
Scholars shall keep one poor Scholar, appointed by
our Procurators, for whom they shall be bound every
day to save the remnants of their table, unless our
Procurators shall decree that this be omitted. And
that the above ordinances, each and all, be kept in-
violate by our Scholars, obeying the Procurators,
whosoever they shall at any time be, we bave con-
firmed this writing with the corroboration of out
seal. Given at Botel, in the octave of the Assump-
tion of the Glorious Virgin Mary, in the year of
Grace one thousand two hundred and eighty two.-]
There is also, on a small piece of parchment, a
letter from 'Dervorguilla de Galwith, Lady of Balliol,'
to Brother Richard de Slikeburne. It bas been
photographed for the Scottish National Collection of
Manuscripts. Brother Richard was a Friar Minor,
a Priest, and probably one of those who ruade the
House of the Grey Friars at Oxford so celebrated.
There are two traditions about his connection with the
College. One, that he was Dervorguilla's Confessor,
and that he used his opportunities of giving advice, to
urge her to found the College in memory of her hus-
band. The other, that Dervorguilla, wishing to follow
out her husband's deslres, purchased the tenements in
70 Early History of Balliol College
Horsemonger Street, and gave them to the Scholars
she had helped tosupport at Oxford. Then, having
endowed the College, she sought counsel and ad-
vice from Brother Richard de Slikeburne about the
organization, and the perpetuation of it.
Mr. Maxwell Lyte, speaking of the Students who
had been maintained at Oxford by the alms of Sir
John de Balliol, says,--' I t appears that for some
time after his death they received their allowances
regularly from his widow, Dervorguilla ; but there is
no proof of their existence as a distinct communit¥
earlier than the year i',8",, when a formal ordinance
was issued for their government. In this, Dervor-
guilla committed the supreme authority to her two
proctors, or agents, Friar Hugh de Hertilpol and
Master \Villiam de Menyl, who, though members of
the University, did not live in the house with the
Scholars. The ordinance does not explain hov« future
proctors were to be appointed after the death of
the foundress, and it is only by examining a very
imperfect list of these officers, who were also
described as " Rectors," or " Extraneous Masters,"
that ve are led to believe that one of them was to
be chosen from among the Franciscan friars, and the
other from among the secular Masters of Arts. Such
a belief, however, receives considerable support from
an ancient tradition, which points to Friar Richard
de Slikebury as the confessor of Dervorguilla, and
Ear O, lrislo 7 of tallzol Collc 7
the person who persuaded ber to carry out the wishes
of Sir John de 3alliol with regard tc the Scholars at
Oxford.' 1 Friar Richard de $1ikeburne may bave
been Dervorguilla's Confessor ; but the tenor of her
letter to him would rather prove that the College was
founded before she went to him fc»r advice about the
government of it. The great esteem in which the
Friars |inor vere then held, and their celebrity for
learning, and for the strictness of their lires, ruade it
natural that Dervorguilla should turn to one of their
Order, probably a man well known in the University,
to aid ber in ber work. Dervorguilla's letter is one
of the most va|ued of the documents in the College
/rchives; and itis here given exactly as it is
written.
'VeÛande Religiis viro ac parti suo In xo
kùio Fratri . R . de Slikeburlï de Ordine Frfi- Iino
D. de Galwitt Diïa de 13aIliolo Sali]i & DeuooEis
aug'itù in S0"û S'6. Qfi elemosinam paupi'i Scolariû
Dom 9 ri'Té de Balli Oxoiï studenciù p deuoônem
bone memorie Dfii Jotis de 3all quondam sponsi
nrl dudù inchoatà ac p nos post ei 9 decessum acten 9
continuatam ad diuine Laudis honorera & toci 9
Ecc lîé militantis utilitatê fi modic testat pfiêe viro
illustum assert fidedigna/ H inc est q] ad tanto
tare religioso qm seculariù instantiam oï fauore
dignissimam / elemosine dê lq»etuaoE»nem Sû
ttist. Unir. Oxford, lIaxwell Lyte, p. 8.
7 _ Earl), Histor), of Balliol ColleEe
sugg'ente affectare qQmplïmù excitam r / Quapp de
vr'd discreC6ne deuoC6neq5 plenam g entes fiduciam /
a veabili Patte Ministro vr ppetuanis eiçdem
execuc%nem rob cmitti pcauim 9 finali effectuj
mancipan], voB prece q possum attente supplicantes
/qtin 9 assistente vot consolaç6ne diuina doEm
ppetuaconem satagatis adimplere »ut melius notnts
diuine csonû volùtati SOE Matris Eccl utilitati &
dr colariù cmoditati aptù & ficuù . Et nos
qntù in no» est in omnib & p ratù & grati
pmittimus quicquid vos cca negocia Scolariù it dcor'
ordinar 9. fae . mutar . seu curare decremts . et
quociens attornatis indigem ç ad quascù% saysinas
capiendas seu donandas ad op ç Scolariù
siue de domib siue de t ris siue de aliis quibucùE
:ptis emendis ùt cmutandis, ios ex nùc ordinam
facim & cstituim nrs attornatos & curatores /
quos vos noE nr, nandos duxitis seu assignandos.
Et o?tiia & singula [dc " "
vmuss SOE Matris Eccl
filiis tenore senci significam 9 . In cuiu ç rei testi-
moniù has nra patentes rot» t'nsmisim
sigillo ç6signatas . Da apd Fodrin In Octauis
Pasch . Anno D. M ». CC . Octo q'rto."
[raslatimz.Dervorguilla de Galwitha, Lady
of Balliol, to the Venerable Relgious, and ber most
dear Father n Christ, Brother Richard de Slike-
hume, of the Order of Frars 3Iinor, Health, and
increase of devoton in the Holy Ghost.
Early History of Balliol Collwe 73
The credible assertion of illustrious men bears
witness that the altos, which were given by the
devotion of our late husband, John de Balliol, to the
poor Scholars studying at Oxford, of out House of
Balliol, and which we have continued to give from
the time of his decease until now, are of no small
utility to the Honour of God, and of the Church
Militant. On this account we are greatly moved, at
the instance of many men of great consideration,
both Religious and secular, the Holy Ghost this
inclining us, to continue to bestow the aforesaid
altos. ,Vherefore, as we bave entire confidence in
your discretion and devotion, we have obtained of
your Venerable Father Minister, that the bestowal of
the saine should be committed to your charge ; beg-
ging you with all the earnestness we can, that with
the help of Divine Consolation, )'ou will fulfil this
task as you shall best judge it to be according to the
Divine XVill, and apt and profitable for the utility of
Holy Mother Church, and the advantage of the
Scholars aforesaid. And we promise, as faras in us
lies, to ratify and approve, in all and through all,
whatever you shall decide to order, do, change, and
provide, concerning the business of the said Scholars.
And whenever we need attorneys to take or give
seisin, whether of bouses, lands, or whatsoever other
things that are bought, or to be bought, or exchanged,
in the business of the said Scholars, we from this
time ordain, make, and appoint, as our attorneys and
Procurators, those whom you, in our name, shall have
chosen or assigne& And by the tenor of these
presents, we signffy all and each of these things afore-
said, to all the children of Holy Mother Church. In
witness o" which we have sent you these our letters
patent, sealed with our seal. Given at Fotheringay,
on the octave-day of Easter, in the year of our Lord
twelve hundred and eighty-four.]
This letter of Dervorguilla's is written on a small
piece ofparchment ; the writing is irregular, and not
good ; and the seal bas been lost.
In 668 a 'Commentarlz' on the College was
written by Henry Savage, who was then Master.
This history, called ]al/iof«us, says,--
' The Office of Procurators, [in whose hands had
been the Government of the House from the very
first Foundation tilI now] did hOt upon the choice of
a Principal cease ; the said Principal and Scholars
being strictly obleiged to obey them, as you may
observe in the perusal of these Statures of JDcrvor-
Kille, two years af'ter the publication wherof, which
was 1284, did she under ber SeaI, put a final esta-
blishment to the House for perpetuity, by Letters
full of Piety and Publick-spiritedness, directed to
17. Sclie3u O, a Minorite: to whose discretion she
thereby committed the choice of her Attornyes and
Procurators to be ruade in ber Naine ; the Scholars,
Early Hislo, 7 of Balliol College 75
This
1285 .
before this, having chosen lValler Fodringheye to
be Principal according tothe Statutes. \Vhereupon
Dewoille and the test of the Executors of./ohn dc
Z]alliol had ruade a Grant to the said lUallcr
Fodri»gh,yc, Principal, and the Scholars, of all the
Goods ofjrohn dt ]Ta//iol for the perpetuation of the
House. Id tcrtelualiowm domus de Balliol qztam
illc felicitcr iuchoavi! '-" )crteluare decreveral, si
morlis auctor .d vite sibi cotcessiss,'! sltltl adimibler
2brobosi[um, are the very words of the Grant, dated
An»o I282. x.Vhereupon divers obligations were
now Sealed to the said lUa/[er Fodri»ghcye and the
Scholars, for the payment of moneyes due to.fohn de
]7a/liol: whereof one was from lUa/ter t?allio
Rector of lUid'ford, for the payment of 59 )onnds
s/crlin 282: and another from S/cbhet de
Rector de Milford, for the payment of 44 )otmc[s
3 shz'l/its 4 pence, part of the oo]5oztnc[ assigned
to him byJohn de talliol's Executors of the debt of
Alaz Filz Count [c.v &'bilo Ala«i Filii Comilis].
Bond was dated
! O
This Grant was confirmed by Oliver, Bishop of
Lincoln. The confirmation, written in Latin, is on
a small piece of parchment, and only two fragments
of what must have been a large seal are left. On
one fragment of the dark green wax is a very
Mitford.? Balliofergus, p. 7.
76 Early History of talliol College
fine face, with a quite beautiful expression. The
Bishop's vestment, just below the head, is still dis-
tinct. The writing commences,--
' The noble woman, and devout unto God, Der-
vorguilla, of Gallewyth, Lady of Balliol, having
newly ordained, to the honour and praise of the
supreme and undivided Trinity, of the most glorious
Virgin Mary, Iother of the only Son of God, of the
I31essed Virgin and Iartyr, Katherine, and of the
whole Court of Heaven, and for the advantage
of the vhole Church militant, and the stablish-
ment of the University of Oxford, for the soul of
the noble man, of pious memory, John de Balliol,
her late husband . . a certain place, with build-
ings and all appurtenances, which she determined
should be named 'the House of the Scholars of
Balliol.' Given at Lidington, on the Ides of
June, in the year of out Lord I z84.'
There is a copy of this deed, in larger writing.
The seal, in white wax, is even more fragmentary.
The lower part of the vestrnent only can be distin-
guished.
There is another deed, written in Latin, which
is well worth noticing. It was signed at Crealawe,
in Northumberland, on Trinity Sunday, I287. The
rive or six seals, which were originally attached to
it have all been lost. It begins,--
HisL 2]ISS. Coin. Fourth Report, p. 442.
Early History of talliol College 77
'" To ail the faithful in Christ, who the present
letters shall sec or hear, Hugh de Eure and
Stephen, his brother, and other the executors of the
testament of Sir John de Balliol, greeting in the
Lord. Bearing in mind the pious affection, which
our dearly beloved Lord, Sir John above-mentioned,
had towards the Scholars of the House of Balliol,
which at Oxford, by inspiration of the divine
Spirit, he happily began, and had determined to
make provision for the lasting maintenance thereof,
if the Author of life and death had granted him
to fulfil his purpose." In order to carry out his
wishes, and those of " the Lady Dervorgulla de
Galewitha," they give to the Scholars of the said
House of Balliol all the debts which were due to the
said Sir John de Balliol at the time of his death,
and appoint Master Walter de Fodringeye, Prin-
cipal of the said Scholars, or any other his successor,
their attorney to gather in the saine.'
In another deed, Brother Richard confirms this
Grant ; but reserves therefrom oo which was due
to the estate from Sir Robert Fitz-Roger, as also
the monies which were due from the Monks of
Rievalle. Yet, in spite of this generosity to Sir
Robert and the Monks, for which in all probability
there was some good reason, Brother Richard seems
to bave been worthy of the confidence that Dervor-
Hist. 2ISS. Coin. Fourth Report, p. 44z.
78 Early History of Balliol College
guilla placed in him when she begged him to pro-
mote the perpetuation of her House, as is proved
by two deeds still preserved in the College Archives.
' A small parchment deed, in Latin, rive of the
seven seals originally appended to which, are left,
and in fair condition. It states that, on Saturday
after the Feast of St. bIark the Evangelist, at
\Vygeton, in the year I285 , in presence of L.
Bishop of Whithern, and the Abbots of Dundreynan
and of Tungeland, of Sir Dovenild [Donald] Fitz-
Cane, Sir Martin Clerk, Thomas hlaculaitch,
Ronuauld, and others, it was agreed that Thomas
IXIaculaitch should deliver 2o cows into the hand of
Rouland Ascolock, according to the will of Sir Alan
Fitz-Comte ; to be kept by him till the Feast of the
Assumption then next ensuing, and then to be
delivered in full payment of the sure of ioo pounds
due to the executors of Sir John de Balliol, and
demanded by Brother Richard de Slekeburne, on
their behalf. This delivery to be in full satisfaction,
if so deemed by John de Tesedale, and if hOt, then
the complement, still due, shall be added thereto.
One of the seals, that of the Bishop, has on it a
hand and a pastoral staff.'
And ' A small parchment deed, in Latin, whereby
Hugh de Euer, Knight, acknowledges himself bound
to Master Walter de Fodringey, Principal, and his
Fellows, Scholars of the House called "De Balliolo,"
Early ]istor A, of talliol College 79
in Oxford, in a sum of 22 li. xos. Iod., part of Ioo
pounds, due to the executors of the testament of
John de Balliol by Sir Alan Fitz-Comte, and
assigned by him and his co-executors in aid of the
perpetuation of the said House; the saine to be
paid, by counsel of Brother Richard de Sclyke-
bourne, without further delay. For payment there-
of, he binds himself and his heirs, and his goods,
movable and immovable. " Given at Engleby, the
Thursday after the Feast of St. Valentine,
I286." Part of the diminutive seal is left.'
Thus we gather that Brother Richard, hot only
advised and helped Dervorguilla in the work of esta-
blishing the House of Balliol ; but was also active
in collecting the debts due to Sir John de Balliol,
and seeing that such monies were applied to the good
of the House. The Scholars of Balliol had ' in ad-
dition to the endowments given to them by the
foundress, acquired from the executors of the will
of Sir John de Balliol the right to collect and retain
all the debts owing to him at the rime of his death.'
In another instance, when the Zioo due from Alan
Fitz-Comte was paid, some portion of it having been
previously received, there was a remaining sum left
over ; and this was given to the Scholars ' by counsel
of Brother Richard de Slikeburne.'
t Hisl. MSS. Coin. Fourth Report, p. 444-
-" Hist. Unir. Oxford, Maxwell Lyte, p. 87.
80 Early History of Balliol ColleEe
In the Ca[endar ol r l)oc2tments re[ati«g to Scot-
land, this [oo is mentioned.--
' The K. to Master Thomas de Hunsingouere.
,Vrit of "dedimus potestatem " to receive the at-
torneys of Dervergulla de Balliol and Thomas Ran-
dolf, in the plea belote the K.'s justices itinerant at
York, between the said Dervergulla, Thomas, H ugh
de Eure, and Stephen, parson of the Church of Mid-
lord, executors of John de Balliol's testament, and
Alan son of the Earl (riz le Cunte), regarding a debt
of Z'oo claimed by the executors from Alan. Glou-
tester, 4 tu April, 8'h of his reign.'
Edward I. appears to have been anxious on
man), occasions to render assistance to Dervorguilla,
or at least to show a friendly spirit towards ber.
Little instances of his good will are discovered, here
and there, amid the mass of Scottish documents
preserved for history.--
' The K. wishing to do a special favour to Der-
vergulla widow of John de Balliol, grants to ber for
this turn, freedom from common summonses of the
justices errant in the counties where ber lands lie,
both common pleas, and of the forest.' 1
And, Oct. 7- I285. 'The K. notwithstanding
the statute against mortmain, wishing to do a special
favour to Dervergulla widow of John de Balliol,
grants leave to her to give a messuage in the suburb
alent. 13. Edw. I. m..ç.
arly HisLorj, o/ ]3alliol Collcge 81
of Oxford to the l\Iaster and Scholars studying in
the House of Balliol there, z't ee[mtm.'
Somewhere about 288, we find that among the
goods arrested fi-r the Iing of Scotland's debt to
John 'le Macune,' the goods c,f 'the Lady de
Baylloll, and some others to the value of Z'o in the
realm of Scotland were arrested, and by the Iing's
writ were entirely delivered.'
There is a curious deed, which will interest Ox-
ford readers, for it tells us how Headington reapers
were paid in those days; and reminds us of the
pennies due to St. Mary l\lagdalen's Church.
'Inquisition. [in virtue of writ, dated Brist,91,
-9th December previous, directed to the Sheriff of
Oxford], ruade by Robert de Heyfbrd [and t t others]
jurors of the hundred outside of the txorth gare of
Oxford, who say that the Lady Dervergulla widow
of John de 13alliol, may enfeoff Master \Valter de
Foderingeye and his Fellows, Scholars of the House
of Balliol, Oxford, Students, of a messuage in the
suburb of Oxford; that it consists of three fees,
united by the purchase of John de O., one whereof
was William Burge's and owes tc/. of annual rent at
the F. of St. Martin, and tri. of hidage at " Hocke-
dal," and the service of a day in August to reap at
Hedindon, worth d. Another fee was John le
Wepere's, and owes 4d. of annual rent at the F. of
I la/en/, i3 Edw. I. m. 3.
G
82 Early Hislor), of Balliol Collwe
St. Martin, and 2d. of hidage at " Hockedai," and
suit of hundred from 3 weeks to 3 xveeks. That
suit may be redeemed yearly for 12(/. I t also owes
a day's service to make hay in Northam, value Id.
and the service of a man reaping for a day in August
at Hedindon, value id. Also 4d. to the high Altar
in the Church of the Blessed Mary Magdalene. The
third fee was Nicholas de Kingeston's, wherein he
enfeoffed John de Eu with Johanna his daughter in
frank marriage, and it owes no service. The whole
tenement is held « catSile of the K. JVote, that the
suit of the hundred aforesaid is due at three terms,
riz. when the K.'s writ cornes to be pleaded in the
hundred--when a r,»bber is to be tried in the hundred
--and when they are summoned to enclose the court
for trial. Thus should the suit be held. And if
they neither attend nor make essoin, they must not
be heavily amerced. The jurors append their seals.
Dated at Oxford, on the morrow of Epiphany, in
the I3th year. [seals gone.]'
To Oxford people several of the names in this
deed vill be familiar ; and the thoughts of many
v«ill turn quickly, from the people mentioned, to the
modern localities which bear their names. On rising
ground, just beyond Iffiey, is the pretty country
bouse, known as '.[-Zeford Hill,' which looks
down upon the river and Kennington Island; and
' Inq. p.m. 13 .Edw I. No. I2 7.
Ear O, Hislory of Balliol College 8 3
on the other side of Oxford, is the well known
'I'i,t, çsto,t Road,' a rather important Street, with its
row of fancy cottages. ' Hedindon' is unmistak-
able; and when we find, in the College Archives,
deeds witnessed by Robert de Wormenhale, Thomas
Wormenhale, and Adam de Chisilhampton ; and in
one deed a shop described as 'next to the shop of
Nicholas de Gersingdone ;' we stop for one minute
to wonder, whether these men originally took their
names from the near hamlets, or whether from a
cluster of huts round the landowners' homes bave
grown the picturesque Villages, which help to make
the near neighbourhood of Oxford so especially
beautiful.
Two more of the many 13alliol deeds must be
spoken of here, because of their historical interest.
In one, we find Hugh de Balliol, 'son and heir of
the late Sir John de Balliol,' acknowledging that he
owes the sure of o marks sterling to his father's
executors, for two horses bought of them. He pro-
mises to pay the IO marks at ' Foderinghe,' before
Pentecost, I-89, on pain of ecclesiastical censure.
The other is'a Latin deed, on parchment, some-
what injured by damp; whereby John de 13alliol,
son of John de Balliol, having seen the writing of
feoffment and of perpetuation of the House of the
Scholars of t3alliol in Oxford, confirms the saine.
It bas a smal/seal attached. There is another and
G 2
84 Early History of 27alIio! College
a very similar, deed, in the archives of the College,
attested by the saine witnesses, but written in another
hand. In this latter John de Balliol is called "son
and heir" of John de Balliol; it being evidently
executed after his elder brother, Hugh's, death. This
lastmentioned deed has only a fragment of its seal.
Hugh Gobyun [" Gubyun" in the second deed], and
Robert Bertrain of Bothale [" Bottalle" in the second
deed] are among the xvitnesses. There is no date
to either ; but, having the same witnesses, they were
probably executed within a few days of each other, u
This John de Balliol was Dervorguilla's youngest
son: the same John de Balliol, Lord of Galloway,
who claimed the Scottish throne, and was by Ed-
ward I. adjudged King of Scotland, in right of his
descent from her. Yet when Balliol tried to assert
the judicial independence of his kingdom, Edward
marched into Scotland, and then followed the fall of
Berwick, and the terrible massacre, which did not
cease until a procession of Priests carried the Sacred
Host into the King's presence, and prayed for mercy.
Then Edward burst into tears, and called his troops
off; but the slaughter had done its work, and the
Town was ruined for ever. Balliol ruade one more
effort for the freedom of his people ; but his attempt
was fruitless, and he had to implore peace, and pro-
mise submission. ' Edward disdained to treat with
ttist, llIS.ç. Coin. Fourth Report, p. 446.
Eaqj, t-Iistoo, of t?a//iol Co/lege 8.5
him in person, but informed him, that he intended,
within fifteen days, to advance to Brechin ; and that
on Balliol's repairing to the castle there, the Bishop
of Durham would announce the decision of his lord
superior. This was none other than that of an
absolute resignation of himself and his kingdom to
the mercy of his conqueror; to which Balliol, now
the mere shadow of a king, without a crown, an
army, or a nobility, dejectedly submitted. In pre-
sence of the Bishop of Durham and the barons of
England, he was first stript of lais royal robes; after
which they spoiled him of his crown and sceptre,
and compelled him, standing as a criminal, with a
white rod in his hand, to perform a humiliating feudal
penance ..... After this humiliating ceremony,
Balliol delivered his eldest son, Edward, to the King
of England, as a hostage for his future fidelity ; and
this youth, along with his discrowned father, were
soon after sent by sea to London, where they re-
mained for three years in confinement in the Tower.' t
The Scots, however, still continued to regard
.John de Balliol as their rightful King. Philip of
France tried to make it one of the articles of his
truce with Edward, that Balliol should be released
from prison ; but this Edward refused. Afterwards,
at the request of Pope Boniface, the King consented
to deliver Balliol from his imprisonment in the
ttist. Scolland, Tytler, vol. i. p. II8.
88 t3arly History of Balliol College
Her body vas brought in state to Sweetheart
Abbey. There is no trace of her tomb remaining
now ; but tradition says that she was buried near to
the H igh Altar.
About Sweetheart Abbey, we read,--
' SwE'rI-I,IT (Aacia Dztlcis-cordis), in Gallo-
way, called by Lesly Suavi-corditȢ, was an abbey,
founded in the thirteenth century, by Dervorgilla,
daughter to Alan lord of Galloway, niece to David
earl of Huntington, and spouse to John Baliol,
lord of Castlebernard, who died in the year I269,
and was here buried. Andrew \Vinton, prior of
Lochleven, informs us, that after his death his lady
caused take out his heart, and spice and embalm it,
and putting it in a box of ivory, bound with silver,
and enamelled, closed it solemnly in the walls of the
church, near to the high altar ; from "«hence it had
the naine of Sweetheart, which v«as afterwards
changed into that of 1X'ew Abbey.
' The first abbot of this place was Henry, who
died in his journey to Citeaux in the year I219.
He was succeeded by " Ericus magister Conversorum
ejusdem domus." Afterwards, John abbot of this
place swears fealty to Edward Langshanks in the
year 1296, according to trg,e, p. 552, and he is
there designed "Johan abb6 de Doux-quer." There
is a charter by another John abbot of this place,
dnted at lX'e,«- Abbey, the -'23d October
£arl), Igistory of talliol College 89
and granting "Cuthberto Broun de Cairn, in em-
phyteosim, totas et integras quatuor mercatas ter-
rarum de Corbully, in baronia sua de Lokendolo,
infra senescallatum de Kirkcudbright; reddendo
annuatim summam octo mercarum usualis monetae
regni Scotiae, ad duos anni terminos, riz. Pentecostes,
et Sancti Martini in hyeme."
' Gilbert Brown, descended of the family of Gars-
luith, is among the monks that assent thereto. He
was the last abbot of this abbey. Calderwood, in his
H istory informs us that he sat in Parliament the
7th August x56o, whilst the Confession of Faith
was approved ; and in the year x6o5, he was appre-
hended by the Lord Cranston, captain of the guards
appointed for the borders, and was sent to Blackness,
and after some days was transported to the castle of
Edinburgh, where he was kept until his departure
out of the kingdom. He died at Paris, 4th May
I6x2. Sir Robert Spotiswood, president of the
Session, and secretary of State to King Charles I.,
was designed Lord New-Abbey, being then in pos-
session of this dissolved abbey.'
i Reliious I-touses i*t çcolland, Spottiswoode p. 424.
90 Early ttistory of Talliol ColleTe
CHAI»TER V.
IN reading the account of the ' Buildings' of Balliol
College, given by Antony à \Vood, in his t[istor.j, of
thc Collwes and ]tralls i O.ford, we have to bear
in mind that he wrote about the College as it was
two hundred and twenty years ago ; and, in following
lais description of the buildings, we must forger for a
time the quite modern Balliol, and try to realize the
front quadrangle, and the garden quadrangle, and
the different buildings, as they were in those days.
\Vith the exception of the change made when the new
dining hall was built at the north end of the garden,
and the old dining hall ruade into a Library and
Reading Room for the Undergraduates, the general
plan of the College has remained the same ; though
the many nev buildings, near to the back gate and
the hall, have added considerably to its size, and to
its structural importance.
Balliol College, almost the oldest foundation in
Oxford, has none of its original walIs and rooms
remaining; but the ground-plan of those buildings,
and also the outlines of the various plots of ground
Early History of talliol Collwe 9
belonging to them, bave been preserved. Merton
College, a foundation as old as Balliol. or even older,
tan point to its beautiful Chapel, which, ' if not
erected before the Founder's death, was erected
immediately afterwards, perhaps under the direction
of his executors, out of his residuary bequest to the
College ;' 1 and to the dining hall, 'of which the
main walls bave been preserved in subsequent
restorations.'l \Vorcester College can show, on the
south side of the quadrangle, the quaint old lodgings,
with their original doorways, and separate roofs,
which were Cells to different Benedictine Abbeys.
Worcester Undergraduates, even now, inhabit the
very rooms lived in by llonks, who came from St.
Albans, and from Abingdon, and from other Bene-
dictine Houses, to study at Oxford. Over the door-
ways are still the arms, now worn and defaced, of
the Monasteries. Yet we recognîze the Cross of
Norwich, and the Griffin of Malmesbury. And very
old, also, is the magnificent Chapter-room at Christ
Church, formerly belonging to the Augustinian
Canons of St. Frideswide ; and now used as vestry
to the Cathedral. At St. John's College, men still
pass under the square tower, where, on a niche, high
up, is the old Statue ot St. Bernard, placed there
when the College was Cistercian, and the Monks
followed the teaching of their great lIaster-Saint.
iIemorials oflfferton College, Brodrick, p.
92 Ea4.), History of Balliol ColZee
St. John's men dine to-day in an hall, the walIs of
which formed the Monks' refectory. But the original
buildings of Balliol, unimportant and unsubstantial,
as they probably were, only ser'ed their rime; and
the College can now show nothing older than the
Library. There is some doubt about the first Chapd,
or Oratory ; but all evidence seems to prove that it
was the large hall, which is now the Master's dining
room. If this be so, the walls are probably the
original Chapel walls, built about the year 1293.
The folloving description of the ' Buildings' of
Balliol College is taken, vord for word, and letter
for letter, from the original manuscript of Antony à
Wood (the one 'ritten in double column) now kept in
the Bodleian Library. The edition, by John Gutch,
of Antony à \Vood's History and Ant/quities of the
Collwes ami Halls i lhe )dversity of Oaford,
which is the ordinary and well-known copy of \Vood's
writings about Oxford, differs from the manuscript
in some sIight particulars ; and, in many instances, it
destroys the beautiful simplicity, and the attra'ctive
quaintness of Antony à \Vood's style.
Passing over all that he says about the founda-
tion of the College, we corne to
' The firft place then y this Society inhabited,
was old Balliol hall before mentioned, on y ground
of w y' late building was erected, w t is now called
Hammonds Lodgings, afterwards y Lady Deruorguill
Larl , hrislor , of tTalliol Cllege 93
remoued them to Maries hall, w ¢ stood where y
S.W. Corner of y" Colledge quadrangle now ftands,
& on w h & y" 3 acres of land adioyning, w « she
purchased as before is del,ued, she added & built
seall conuenient places, as refectory kitchen out-
houses & walkes, afterwards were added these
seall plotts of ground, viz two plotts in Horse-
monger ftreet, one of w ch lay betweene y" land of ye
house of Balliol, w ch I suppose was y' belonging to
Maries hall v« h was on y \V. side of y said plott,
& y" land of John le Slatter of Ensham on y" eaft, &
ye other plot layd between y" land somtimes of y said
Jo: le Slatter & y" land of John de Sewy; both w h
being conueyed by John y" Son & heir of \Valter
Feteplace, to I Tho: de Heworth & M Tho: de
Pontfraict Clerks & fellowes of this Society 3 . Ed. I.
a ° 3o3 were by them soone after giuen & conueyed
to y" Colledge: y" next two plotts y' were added,
joyned to yother two on yeatt side, 8: reacht to yland
of y Monks of Durham, w eu is y" now entrance or
alley leading to Trinity, somtimes Durham, Colledge,
conueyed to y bouse of Balliol by Gilb' de Pontfraict
& Tho: de Humbleton (felloes then or before of y
saine house) 4- Ed. . 3 o. hauing belote obtained
them of John le Feteplace Burgeffe of Oxon: y 3 a
peice of Ground was S' Margarets hall lying be-
tween old & new Balliol hall, conueyed to y" said
house or hall by William de Brockelesby 8: Tho: de
94 laî-ly History of Balliol ColleEe
Caue clerks somtimes fellowes therof r6. Ed. 3-
I342, soe y' y" said land being ¢0cured (besides an-
other portion w ch extended from y" vay leading un
y" eaft end of iXIagdalen Church to y" land of y"
3Ionks of Durham to enlarge their walkes, w « vas
conueyed by John y" son & heire of Geffry le
Savcer burgesse of Oxt3n, to Walt: de Foderingey
ye firft Principall & \Vill: de Bonkis clerk & fellow
a ° I29I. or therabouts) w « now containes all y"
front of y" Colledge & y" void peice of ground on y"
\V. side (on w ch stood S t Iargarets hall) & mof
of ye Land behind y said front (w « reached to y' por-
tion beforementioned, bought of J oh: le Sawcer v h
was as a head land to it) y* Colledge enlarged their
buildings for y" reception of their Students (hauing
soe many y' they vere forced to lodge in halls or
Hostles adioyning) but after such a way void of all
Vniformity, notwithftanding y" Coll: had Benefactours
towards them, y' some being pulled downe in ye
raigne of H. 6. most part of y" present quadrangle
was built ; as firft y" eat' part by seïaall of y" nobility
(as I suppose) y' had bin nursed up here, among
w c was Georg Neuill Archbishop of York, whose
ars as I remember are in one or more of y" windowes
looking eaftward: y" North part (excepting y"
chapple) was, (some of it) built then, & some after-
wards, as I shall shew when I corne to speak of y"
library, w «" taketh up y" cheif part of y' side ; y" weft
Early History of Balliol Col&Ee 95
side w c containeth part of ye lodgings belonging to
ye Mafer, Buttery and refectory or Cordon hall,
was built with ye moneys of \Villiam Grey Bishop of
Ely Georg Neuill /krchbishop of York & others as
their armes on y" stone walls & in y" windows of
y" said buildings doe shew ; and y" South part v« c is
y forefront of y" College was not built till y time of
H. 7- to w ch, w t benefactours were numbred, I can-
hot yet discouer, unleff lXIr. XVill: 13ell who was then
Mafer was one, for on ye top of y" tower ouer ye
gare, are carued in stone under y" ridge w h parts y"
upper chamber and roofe 2 bells & another at y top
of y" Tal,nacular work ouer y pedefall arguing y' ye
said will: Bell was either a Benefactor to y building,
or else y' y cheifef part was erected in his time,
though began in his proediceffors Rob: Abdy, who
.pbably might be a Benefactour also as he was to
this library.
'soe much for those buildings y' are now for y
most part imployed as lodgings for y" Master, Fellows
& Scolars ; as for y" other places viz y" Chapples
hall & Library with those matters to be obserued of
& in them, I shall speak of in order, and firft for y
chappells or places wherin y" Society haue cele-
brated Seruice & ye memories dayly of their pious
Benefactours, haue bin seall; y first was in an
Isle adioyning S. Marie Magdalens Church, in whose
parish y Colledge is situated. ¥ 2 « in an Oratory
96 Early Hislo 7 o.1 c ]3alliol College
dedicated to S t Katherine w ch was built by ye Society
about ye year 293 with y moneys cheitty of ye Lady
Deruorgill w ch she left at y time of her death ; for
then viz a ° I -'93 as it appears from record the fellowes
or Scolars ,pcured license of Oliuer Bishop of Lyn-
colne, yt they might noe more celebrate seruice in
their parish church but in y Oratorie built within
their owne Colledge soe y' they visited y" said church
on ye greater Solemnities of y" year as othor students
were obliged to doe to y" churches of those parishes
wherin they liued, in w h license noe pmission was
allowed them for y Celebrating y Sacraments w h
was ye matter they cheifly desired, not onely as a
great conuenience, but also an aduantage to them,
though afterwards granted by y authority of y" pope :
in this Chapple (by y name of S t Katherines
Chapple) did lI Hugh \Varkenby & lI Will: de
Gotham (whome I haue mentioned belote) setle a
chapleine with maintenance for him issuing out of
of seall mefthages in ScooleRreet. 4 Ed. 2. a ° 3 io
wherby y' duty y lay upon y fellowes or scolars was
then taken off. Afterwards y Colledge being
minded to make ye said chapple more elegant or
rather erect another (hauing bin incouraged therto
by Benefactours,} one Adam le Poleter Burgeffe of
Redyng who had delied 2o i into y hands of Nicho-
las de Querppelad Abbot of y monastery at y place
to be bestowed by him on pious vses for y health of
Early Hislory of Balliol College 97
ye said Adams soule was by ye said Abbot at ye in-
treaty of certaine persons giuen to y" said Colledge
a ° 377 for y" building of y" chapple of S' Katherine
there, with to marks of his owne, a glaffe window
worth o li, & some timber besides at y saine time, with
a desire alsoe y w t he had done, might be recorded
y' twas not his vtmost charity to y" world but
had intentions for more & greater : and now as ye
Colledge who had before obtained license from Oliuer
Bishop of Lyncolne to celebrate diuine offices within
their owne oratory because of y" frequency of dispu-
tations & lectures w h hindred them from attend-
ing diuine offices in y parish Church, & ye saine
obtained from & appued by his succeffors John Dal-
darby Hen: Burwash & Thomas Becke as appeares
in a writing under y" seal of y" said Thomas A ° d.
346. soe also was y like license upon y" saine con-
ditions as y" former were, granted by Job: Boking-
haro Bishop of Lyncoln a ° 368. in w « their oratory
is ttiled a chapple & in none of those going before,
but as in y" former there was a tacit soc in this laff
license an expreffe exception of administring y"
Sacraments; in w « ye Society acquiesced till upon
their petition, Pope Vrban 6. in y" : year of his pon-
tificate granted license to performe y" saine.
' This Chaple or Oratory whersoever it stood I
know hot (though there be hot wanting some of this
bouse y' say it was y larg hall two story high be-
H
98 Earl.v Histor), of Balliol College
Ionging to y" Master (w , as is before said was built
in Bishop Greys rime, as his armes eut in stone
under y" great Bay-window looking eattward, shews,)
w « cannot agree with y' delied before concerning
y" chapple because ye said hall was buih in H. 6. his
rime) continued in vse till y" raigne of H. 8. &
then this comely & decent chapple w ch now stands
on v" N. side of ye Quadrangle was built : / it was
begun in y 3 year of y said Kings raigne 52 &
compleatly finished t529 to w « drus Benefactors
freely gave, but w' their names were I know hot,
as for those y' gaue y" windowes are from y" inscrip-
tions therin apparent as they thus follow
'In y" Eatt window (wherin is represented in
liuely Colours ye paflon resurrection & ascension
of Christ, for w c Nich: 'Vadham offered oo to
make an Ealt window for his Colledge chapple) is
this written
Orate pro anima mYLaurentij Stubs Sacre Theo-
logie Profeflbris et istius Collegij specialis Benefac-
mris qui banc fenestram procurauit sumptibus suis
A°.r. MDXXIX.
' Vnder y" said inscription is y" effigies of y* said
Laur. Stubs kneeling before a deske, with his
crowne tonsured and Doctorall formalities on him.
& on each side these armes or rather rebuses be-
longing to his naine.
Ar. a trunk or stump or stub. of a tree couped
arlj, IIistorj, of lalliol Coll« 99
& eradicated pp peirced through with an arrow in
feffe of ye
S. on a cheu: ingrail'd betweene 2 IyIyes & a
phoeon af: 3 lyons faces B. on a cheif G. _ keys in
Saltire betw : 2 like trunks of trees, o.
' In ye firtt or upper window on y" N. side of y¢
chapple, this at y" bottome
Mr. Tho: Leson banc fenestram vitrari fecit
An. D. i53o.
'his picture is there also kneeling as Laur Stubs
is, with shaued Crowne & formalityes on.
' in y" :e. window
Thomas .... D et subdecanus Eboracensis
banc fenestram vitrari fecit an. dni 53o.
' his picture is there as Tho : Lesons is.
' in y" 3 window
M Johaè, es Hygdon S. T. D et olim Collegij
Magdalenensis P']ses hanc feneftramvitrari fecit
Di 1530.
' his picture is there also as y in y" _ window.
' in ye 4. window.
Rich : Atkins Armiger Coin: Glouc :
Collegij socio Com: D.D.
' painted by Abr: Vanling an. 637.
et huius
'In ye upper or firtt window on y* South side
H 2
oo Ear O, Histo7 of Bailiol Collwe
where is ye martyrdome of S' Katherine liuely re-
presented, is this inscription.
Opus lfium Magistri Laurentij Stubbs Sacre
Theologie profefforis et Magistri Ricardi Stubbs
Sacre Theologie Bacalaurei et huius Collegij
Magistri et BenefactoF suoF. An. Di .mxxtx.
vndneath w h inscription w ch runs through ye
middle of y window, are y pictures of y said
Laur: & Rich Stubbs kneeling againR Deskes with
their formalities on them & their armes as before
by them.
' in y a window.
Petrus Wentworth sacroe Theologioe profefforis
et huius Collegij Soc: D.D. 637.
' in ye 3 a window
Willelmus Compton miles cum pia consorte sua
hanc fenestram vitrari fecit A" dili 53o.
ouer w h i»scription are y" pictures of y said s'
Will: & his Lady kneeling, with their childrê behind
them & their armes on & between, them, w « being
already represented in a copper cut by another hand
I shall omitt any further speaking of them.
' The next place to be veiwed is y hall w ch as I
haue said before was built with moneys of Bish
Grey, Archb: Neuill & Tho. Chace somtimes
Master of this place & afterwards Chancellour of
y Vnisitie & others ; in y windows of w ch were
Ear/.v ttisto 3, of t3alliol Collwe o
lately these armes, viz those belonging to ye
Vnisitie & this Colledge, then Tho: Chaces w h
are Ar: a cheuron betweene 3 Talbots heads erased
sab: & another borne by the Citty of York w ch is
Ar. on a crosse G. 5 lyons i)assant gardant or, ail
w ch with diuers more hauing bin anciently set up
& afterwards defaced, were renewed as I suppose
in D r Lawrence his time.
'on y" Wainscot these
a lyon rampant within a Bordure charged with flowers
de liz.
'3. Bells belonging either to M Will or D Joh.
Bell in whose times & by whose money l_bably ye
,Vainscot was at firPc set up
part)" 1_» pale on a che u: p pale _
impaled lyons Combatant on a cheif 3
mullets
a lyon ramp : crowned
France
Quart: &
Engl.
' Soe much for y" hall, as for y library (w is re-
puted one of y befl: in Oxon y' are priuat, if y° haue
a regard to its building, beautifull windows y' are hOt
too light, & other conueniences) it was built by
seall persons, viz ¥ lower or west part containing
hall" of it, was built by y" aforesaid D Tho Chace a °
43; & y" vpper hall by m Rob. Abdy, soin-
I02 larlg, tttslorj, of t]alliol Collge
times Malter of this house about ye year I477 as-
sisted therin by ye moneys of \V. Grey Bishop of
Ely, w « part of Chaces being finisht, as also y' of
Abdyes, yc said Bishop inriched it with choice &
pretious Manuscripts amounting to y number of
about eeoo (I speak at yC leaCt) on moft of w h if not
ail, his armes painted on velame, were fattned, &
defended by peices of cleer horne nayled ouer them :
)' said Exemplars it seems or at leatt mott part of
them, xvere by him bought and procured among those
seCu'all libraryes xv h he purchased as well in England
as in Italy, for there in his trauells viz at Florence
Venice & other places, he spared neither labour
nor cor to l?cure them, w eu after seuerall years of Col-
lection, (rather for his country sake, then himselfe)
freelygaue them upon ye enlargment of this library
by y" aforesaid Rob: Abdy; but alas with resent-
ment let it be spoken, diuers of them w smelt of
supstition or yt treated of Schoole diuinity or of
Geometry or Astronomie, were pillaged in y' wicked
& pilfering age wherin H. 8. & Ed. 6. ruled, as
for y* rett yt remained, w eu, with y former had their
initiall & great letters limned with much Curiosity
& their Margins some of them painted with seûall
fancies & deeked with diuers sorts of flowers, (w c
was cheifly performed by y' Exquisite painter
Antonius Marius y son one of ye cheif of his pro-
feffion in Italy while this noble Bishop was there)
arly Hislor.y of ]]alliol Collc,e 10 3
haue bin by Idle childish & impertinent people
either cut out or shamefully abused, such hathe bin
yC negligence of those y' were obliged by oath to
take care of them : v t other Benefactours this library
hath had, haue bin many & th,»se cheifly y' were
fellowes or students of this house, but their gifts w ch
vere books, hauing bin inconsidable, I shall omitt
them, yet I nmst not escape ye Benefaction of
y' learned Doctour Thom: Gascoigne somtimes
Chancellour of y V "ç " "
nlUSltle, who gaue seuerall M.qS
(as in their fronts api)eares ;) & moneys towards
its building time, a certaine historian saith was of
this Coll., & some therof y' he was Fellow, as he
is by y' title stiled in ye Regester ol Benefact,mrs to
this library v ch was of late made & written; but
hauing not yet seene any thing therof in y
M-S-S by him giuen or in )' glaffe-windowes of this
library w were put up in & a few years after, his
time, or in any other writing (besides)'c said regetter)
belonging to y College or an)" other place I cannot
as yet consent to them knowing very well from
record y' he had spent eo years & aboue as a com-
moner in Oriell Colledge; next after him, finding
none y' haue scarce merited y name of Benefactours
(except D Joh: \Varner somtimes of this house &
afterwards of Allsoules Coll. who gaue _o 'i 564 .)
notwithstanding seuall there haue bin y' haue giuen
bookes) I must descend to y raigne of K. James
04 Early History of Zalliol Collce
for then ye most reuerend D r Georg Abbots Archb:
of Canterbury expended diu°s suffis in repairing it &
enlarging )'e number of Bookes A °. 1619 after it had
laid in a carlesse manner from y beginning of ye re-
formation of religion or rather before to y' time.
'The next matters y' I should take notice of
here are those inscriptions & uerses in y" windows
v, "ch tell us of tF.ose y' firf put them up, ye builders
,,f ye library, & benefactours to y house, neatly
written in old English letters in scrolls v«inding with
great variety about those armes in each light of
most of y windows xv ¢ belong l»artl)" to y¢ putters
up of those windows but cheifl)" to y" speciall Bene-
factours of y" Coll: ; but because there is false metre
& gramer in diuers of y said verses w h are in
Rithmc according to ye humour of y' age wherin
they were set up, riz in y raigne of H. 6. u" of
1,»wer part & in Ed: 4- u )* Ul)P part of y" library
was built I shall omitt )* inserting of tEem here as
also y blazoning of most part of y armes, & only
repeat y inscriptions ; for if I should take notice of
all, they would without doub proue toedious to y
rea(l.
' In y" EaPc or upper window therfore w
looketh into y chapple, is y picture of S' Katherine
y" Patronesse of this Colledge standing with ber
t Probably meant for w" 9,, and
Earl), Hislory of Balliol Col[ee 10 5
wheele by her & before her ye pictures of ye afor-
said Dr. Tho: Chace & 9 fellowes kneeling, hauing
their Crownes shauen and formalities on them with
these verses ouer them :
Hic tibi dans celis Thomam Chace concomitantes
Hane patrona uelis munire domum famulantes.
in w ch window at y top are y ar0.s of France &
England quartered. 8: at y bottome, ye Colledges &
y s2 Tho: Chaces w ch are mentioned before in ye hall.
' on y North side of y library.
' t St window there, was giuen by m' Rob. Abdy as ye
verse about his armes in ye firR light thereof fheweth,
w are .A_r: a cheuron betweene 3. Eagles displayed
sab. in y 2 « light are bishop Greys armes (y« saine y'
y Lords Grey of Wark are) with another verse
riming to y' about R. Abdyes armes, telling us y' he
gaue dits books to this library & in ye Iower
diuision of y" firft light this inscription following
Orate pro bono statu et anima
Magistri Rot,ri Abdy Magistri
huius Collegij qui istam partem
13ibliothece construxit, an ° . . .
' 2« window giuen by Ralph Stanhop, fellow of
this house, in y" 2a light of w ch are y armes of Erds-
wick & Stafford impaled set up later then y other
armes with this written under them.
Thomas Erdswicke et Margar:
Stafford An ° Dni I3,$8.
108 Lal'I.F History of 13alliol Coll«e
'5- window by John Spens where there is an
Orate for him, besides ye verses w ch tell us y' Rob.
Abdy & Bish: Grey pfected this library
'6 window by 2. Bishops, but w' their names
were I knov not. ye armes therin are these.
Af. 3 batunes in crosse sab. skirlaw B. of Durhg
sab. a crosse ingrailed & a cressant in y firR
quarter Erre:
'7- \Vindow by Hen: peircy E. of Northum-
]'»land & Rich: Neuill Earl of \Varwick
' 8. by Will: Ferbit
'9. not expreffed by whome giuen unleff y° ma),
collect it from y* verses therin wh ch run thus
Has aliquando fores vitro Clausere priores
claustri Mertone . . . Mercede Corone.
'IO. \Vindow by Gilb. Botilbery & John
Maluerne somtiês students in this house y lait of
whome was D.D. & chapleyne therof about y*
beginning of Ed. 4-
' Thus farre concerning y library y' now ttands, w'
ye Coll: had before I find little or noe mention, they
reposing their books in it, only soe farr y' seuerall y'
had bin Oxford Scolars left in their wills books to y*
Coll without any mention of a library viz among y
rett was m r Simon de Bredon ye worthieR mathe-
Erly Hiîo O, of Balllol Coll«ge o9
matician of his rime who a ° 137 -, left seall books
of Afronomie & lathematicks therto. \Vill Rede
Bishop of Chiceire, o books, c i money & one
siluer cup 382 & Roger whelpdale Bishop of Carlile
S' AutIê de Ciuitate dei 422.'
2 Larly HLçtory of Balliol Coll««e
being confirmed at the same time by Thomas de
Ewe, son of the said John, did (after licence was
obtained from the King) give the same year, in the
month of May, the said tenement with three acres of
land on the east and north sides of it to Walter de
Foderyngey the Principal, and Scholars of the
House of Balliol, to settle themselves therein as a
perpetual mansion for them and their successors.
Which tenement the Lady Dervorgille afterwards
repairing, and joining to it necessary edifices, the
said Principal and Scholars removed from the tene-
ment belonging to the University, (which from their
abode therein vas afterwards called Old Balliol
Hall) to that which she purchased of John de Ewe,
soon after called New Balliol Hall. So that nothing
nov being wanting but a formal Foundation to settle
her Scholars, and this their House to them for ever,
and also allot them lands vhereby they might be
sustained, did the same year, in the presence of
Anthony Bishop of Durham, Oliver, Bishop of
Lincoln, Mr. Roger Rowell Chancellor of this
University, and Simon de Gandavo, Archdeacon of
Oxford, and several knights and other persons, give
it with lands in Stamfordham, or Stanworthham, and
Howgh in the county of Northumberland, (purchased
by her husband's executors) to them and their
successors for ever. And this she did, as in the
Charter itself is said, to the honour of the Holy
Early History of ta//iol Co//ege 3
Trinity, Virgin Mary, and St. Catherine the martyr ;
and that also the charity which her husband had
begun in Oxford (" ubi viget studium generale," as
'ris there said) might be settled and continued.
' Furthermore also that the said foundation might
stand firm against all opposition, it was, upon the
Foundress's desire, confirmed the said year by the
said Oliver, Bishop of Lincoln. and by her son Sir
John Balliol, afterwards King of the Scots, and
three years after, riz. "-87, (all which rime her good
work ceased hot, but trod on her heels even to
heaven gares)did with her husband's executors,
make a release to the said Principal and Scholars of
all debts between them from the beginning of the
world to that time.' 1
The College being thus established by Dervor-
guilla, one of the first Benefactors to it was Hugh
de Vienne, who gave a soke of land, and several
houses, in the parish of St. Laurence, in the Jewry,
London, together with the advowson of the Church
of St. Laurence. The history of this soke of land,
and the advowson of the Church, is rather compli-
cated. The College still preserves many interesting
and valuable documents, which relate to it ; but only
the more important ones will be given here.
The earliest is a large parchment deed, which is
a model of beautiful and legible writing, in the old,
1,4nlony [Vood, ed. Gutch, vol. iii. pp. 73, 74.
I
I 1 4 Ea'[y istory of alliol Collee
abbreviated Latin. It bears no date; but, judging
from the dates on the other documents of the same
period, and also relating to St. Laurence, Jewry, this
deed must bave been executed about the year 8o.
The deed is in good preservation, and the two large
seals attached toit are almost perfect. It is a Grant
from Robert, Abbot of St. Sal,«ius, at Montreuil, to
John of St. Laurence, in these words :-
'Sciant praesentes et futuri quod ego Robertus
Abbas Sancti Sal'«ii et Sancti Guingualoei de
3Ionsteriolo et totus ejusdem Ecclesiae com,entus
concessimus et dedimus Johanni de Sancto Laurentio,
clerico nostro, in perpetuam eleemosynam Ecclesiam
beati Laurentii de Londoniis cum omni redditu quae
habenus in civitate Londoniarum scilicet Ix et xii
solidos et ri denarios; de terra quam Guillelmus
filius Isabel tenet de nobis viii solidos, et de terra
quam Alulphus filius Fromundi tenet de nobis v
solidos, et de terra quam Guillelmus Senex tenet de
nobis viii solidos, et de terra quam haeredês Petri
filii Galteri tenent de nobis vij solidos, de terra quam
Gillebertus, cisor, tenet de nobis iiij solidos, de terra
quam Philippus Sellarius tenet de nobis iiij solidos,
de terra quam Radulphus de Winton tenet iiij solidos,
de terra quam Aaron Judaêus tenet iiij solidos, de
terra quam Rogerus Illefostre tenet iiij solidos, de
terra quam Alwinus Finke tenet xviij denarios.
Habendam et tenendam de nobis libere et honorifice
arly Histor 9, of Balliol College 5
omnibus diebus vitae suae pro 4 marcis ad majus
pondus singulis annis ad Nativitatem Sancti Johan-
nis Baptistae reddendis. Et Johannes juravit quod
redditum praedictum non alienabit pro posse suo al)
Ecclesia nostra. Et si forte Dominus Abbas vel ejus
nuntius in Angliam pro censu venerit, procurabit eum
praedictus Johannes per duos dies et quam diu ibi-
dem pro defectu iiij praedictarum marcarum moram
fecerit ad sumptum praenominati Johannis erit.
Nisi vero Johannes praesens fuerit, procurator suus
de censu respondebit. Ut autem haec concessio et
donatio nostra rata habeatur illam sigillorum nostro-
rum auctoritate confirmavimus et corroboravimus.
His testibus, Domino Baldvino priore, Remigio,
Nicholao, Hugone de Bernivule, Symone Petro,
Johanne, Alelmo, monachis, et toto capitulo ejusdem
Ecclesiae et Magistro Gilleberto, Giroldo, et Lau-
rentio et Fulcone presbyteris, Petro clerico, Guillelmo
nepote Domini Abbatis, Guillelmo filio Ysabel,
Alulfo filio Fromundi, Guillelmo Sene, Johanne filio
Roberti, Galfrido Blondo, Eustachio Mercerio,
Rogero clerico, et multis aliis.'
[Ag)stract.--Robert, Abbot of St. Salvius and
St. Winwaloe, of Montreuil, and the Convent, grants
to John of St. Laurence, 'our Clerk,' in perpetual
alms, the Church of St. Laurence, and the rents
which we have in London, held by his House, riz.
7es. and 6d., from land which William, son of Isabel
I
I I 6 larly Hislory of ]alliol College
holds of them, .... , he paying yearly 4 marks at
the Nativity of St. John the Baptist. Witnesses:
Baldwin, the Prior; Remigius, Nicholas, Hugh de
Bernivule, Symon Peter, John, Alelmus, Monks;
and the whole Chapter of the said Church. And
Masters Gillebert, Girold, Laurence, and Fulke,
Priests. Peter, the Clerk; William, the Abbot's
nephew; William, son of Isabel; Alulf, son of
Fromund ; William Senex ; John, son of Robert;
Geoffrey ' Blondo'; Eustace, mercer ; Roger, the
Clerk ; and many others.]
The next deed to this, in order of date, is a very
small parchment document, very finely and carefully
written, in angular and distinct letters, with clear
abbreviations. I t reads thus :--
' Omnibus ad quos praesentes litterae venerint
Amalricus Dei Gratia Abbas totusque Conventus
beati Salvii de Monsteriolo salutem et orationes de-
votas in Christo. Universitati vestrae notum facimus
quod ad preces dilecti nostri viri venerabilis Johannis
de Sancto Laurentio, canonici Sancti Pauli, Londo-
niis, de communi assensu, concessimus Willelmo
Clerico suo redditus nostros et Ecclesiam nostram de
Londoniis quiete quamdiu vixerit possidendos per
sexaginta solidos legitimorum sterlingorum quos pro-
inde nobis annuatim tenetur reddere in Nativitate
beati Johannis Baptistae. Et post decessum ejusdem
\Villelmi Ecclesia ipsa et redditus praedicti ad manum
'arly H[stoç, of Balliol College 1 7
nostram liberi revertentur. In cujus reitestirnonium
praesentes litteras sigillorum nostrorum appensione
signamus. Actum annogratiae x.cc. octavodecimo.
Mense Februari.'
[Ihstract.--A malric, the Abbot, and the Convent
of St. Salvius, of Montreuil, at the prayer of John
of St. Laurence, Canon of St. Paul's, grants to
William, his Clerk, their rents and Church, in
London, for his lire, for 6os., to be paid yearly, at the
Nativity of St. John the Baptist, with reversion at
his decease to the said Abbot and Convent. Dated,
February, 2 x 8.]
To this beautiful little specimen of a Mediae-
val letter, are appended, by parchment thongs, the
Abbey seals, in white wax; but both have been
broken, and only large fragments of them now
remain.
There is also a small deed, equally finely written,
probably by the saine careful hand, whereby $.,
Abbot of St. Salvius, Montreuil, at the prayer of
John of St. Laurence, Canon of St. Paul's, grants
to William Facet, his Clerk, the Church of St. Lau-
rence, and the rents belonging to it, for his lire, he
paying sixty shillings yearly for the same. It is
dated, August 4, t22o. The two seals, attached by
two cords, are much mutilated.
And ' a very small parchment document, in Latin,
being a statement of the admission by Eustace,
I8 Early tIistory of talliol College
Bishop of London, of William Facet, Clerk, to the
Church of St. Laurence J ewry; and setting forth
that he has personally installed him solemnly there-
in. \Vitnesses, Philip Archdeacon of Huntingdon,
Master R. "out Official," Roger de Moris, " out
Seneschal," Richard de Berkinge, David de Tok,
and others. Part of the Bishop's seal is left, attached
by a strip of parchment ; representing the Bishop on
one side, and St. Paul, vith a drawn sword, on the
other.'
In October, 1247, ' on the morrow of the Octaves
of St. Michael,' we find \Varnerius, Abbot of
St. Salvius, sending John, Prior of his Church, and
Adam, his Chaplain, with a Latin letter empowering
them to sell their soke in London. called ' the soke of
St. Winwaloeus.' Prior John and Brother Adam
appear to have sold the soke, and the houses, and
the advowson of the Church to William Facet. And
this \Villiam Facet, in earlier documents styled
'Clerk' to John of St. Laurence, is now called
' Canon of St. Paul's.'
Another document, of the date, probably, of 1247,
with one of the Abbey seals in fair condition, an-
nexed by a silk cord, the other seal being lost, tells
us that Warner, Abbot of St. Salvius, Montreuil,
by reason of the ' urgent necessity 'of the House, has
quit-claimed to Sir William Facet, Canon of St.
' Hisl. «ILS& Coin., Fourth Report, p. 449.
arl)1 Histor), oJ ]'alliol College 1 I9
Paul's, ' all our Soke, lands, and rents, with the ap-
purtenances, and the advowson of the Church of
St. Laurence, Jewry,' to hold the saine together;
the same Facet having paid fi»rty pounds before-
hand, which had been 'converted to the use of the
Monastery.' This deed was witnessed by Michael
Tory, then lIayor of London ; William Viel, and
Nicholas Bat, Sheriffs ; Adam de Basinge, Stephen
Bukerel, Roger Fitz-Roger, John Vyel, Laurence de
Frowie, Thomas Fitz-Thomas, John Horman, Ro-
bert de Cornhell, \Villiam Eswy, mercer, Thomas
Adrian, John le Meyner, James Buleys, lIartin,
servant of the Abbot, John de Arkesdene, Clerk,
and others.
The soke, and other property, which \Villiam
Facet had from the Abbot of St. Salvius, he gave to
his foster-child, Henry Facet, together with various
sums of money. The deed of gift is on parchment,
and the names of several witnesses are inscribed on
it. The seal is lost; and only the silk cord, which
attached it to the deed, remains. But there is
another, beautifully written, copy of this document,
which has an oblong seal, in good condition, repre-
senting a tonsured head. This seal is held by a
parchment thong.
The property next passed to Hugh de Wychen-
brook. Both Antony à \Vood and Henry Savage
state that Hugh de \V},chenbrook and Hugh de
o Eor/y Histo O, of Ba//io! Co//ee
Vienne were the same person. They say that Hugh
de Wychenbrook was 'commonly called' H ugh de
Vienne. But a more careful study of the College
deeds would bave led to the conclusion that the
property passed from Henry Facet to Hugh de
Wychenbrook. and from him to Hugh de Vienne.
There is a ' conveyance, in Latin, on parchment, by
Hugh de \Vykhambroke, Canon of St. Martin's le
Grand, to Hugh de Vienne, of the property above-
mentioned ; dated in the 15th year of King Edward
the First. Witnesses, Ralph de Sandwich, then
"\rarden of the City of London and the saine Ward,
\Villiam de Hereford and Thomas de Stanes, then
Sheriffs, Henry le Waleys, Gregory de Rokesle,
Philip le Tayllour, John de Banquelle, \Villiam de
Farndone, Joce Lachateour, Ralph le Blound, Peter
de Northwys, Thomas le Foundour, Roger le Bar-
bour. and others, with John le Barbour, "then
Serjeant of that Ward." The seal is oblong, and
nearly perfect, with good impression, of a priest
standing before the altar, with a chalice upon it.' t
The College also preserves 'a Latin deed, on
parchment, dated the Saturday after the Ascension,
,.r. I-94; whereby Hugh de Vyenne, Canon of
St. Martln's le Grand, grants to the Master and
Scholars of Balliol the Soke of St. \Vynewall, in the
Parish of St. Laurence Jewry, with four houses, and
t ttist..WSS. Cin., Fourth Report, p. 449.
Earl3, ttistor3, of alliol Cllcge Il
the advowson of the Church ; the which he had had
of the gift and grant of Master Hugh de \Vykam-
broke : the houses being near the graveyard of the
said church, between the bouse of Stephen Aswy,
on the west, and the Court-yard of the Guildhall, on
the east. Also, -o shillings of yearly rent ; namely,
from the house of Martin the Arbalester, in Milk-
strete, 4 shillings ; from the tenement there of Master
Eadmund le Poter 8 shillings ; from the tenement
held by the said Martin, in Cattestrete, opposite the
Church of St. Laurence, 4 shillings ; and from that of
Adam de Horsham, opposite the Church, 4 shilling..
He acknowledges the receipt of IOO marks from
them " in gersummam," by way of fine. \Vitnesse.%
Sir John Breton, Knight, then \Varden of the City of
London, Martin de Aumbrisbire and Robert de
Rokeslee, Sheriffs, Stephen Aswy, John de Bauk-
well, John de Byterle, Peter de Northwick, Adam de
Horsham, Walter Bloundel, Robert de Colbroke,
John de Pessemeres, John at Church, and many
others. The seal, originally a bad impression
(apparently of a thistle), is in good preservation, and
hangs by a silken cord. There is a duplicate of this
deed, with a like seal, but a still worse impression.' 1
And, also, a Licence in mortmain from K ing
Edward I. to Hugh de Vienne, sanctioning the
preceding conveyance. The great seal, in white
i ttist, z]ISS. Eom., Fourth Report, p. 449,
t22 Early History of I]alliol College
wax, which hangs by two silken cords, has been
much broken round the edge ; but the centre of the
seal remains perfect, and is a fine impression. The
Licence is written in a bold handwriting, on a large
sheet of parchment.--
' Edwardus Dei Gratia Rex Angliae, Dominus
Hiberniae, et Dux Aquitaniae, omnibus ad quos
praesentes litterae pervenerint salutem. Licet de
communi consilio regni nostri providerimus quod
non liceat viris religiosis seu aliis ingredi feodum
alicujus ita quod ad mortuam manum deveniat sine
licentia nostra et capitalis Domini de quo res illa
immediate tenetur. Volentes tamen Hugoni de
Vienna gratiam facere specialem dedimus ei licentiam
quantum in nobis est quod ipse advocationi Eccle-
siae Sancti Laurentii in Judaismo Londoniensi dare
possit et assignare Custodi Domus Scholarium de
Balliolo in Oxoniaet eisdem Scholaribus. Habenda
et tenenda eisdem Custodi et Scholaribus et eorum
successoribus Scholaribus in Domo praedicta com-
morantibus in perpetuum et eisdem Custodi et
Scholaribus quod advocationem illam ab eodem
Hugone sic recipere possint, tenore praesentium
similiter licentiam concedimus specialem. Nolentes
quod idem Hugo aut haeredes sui seu praedicti
Custos et Scholares aut successores sui praedicti
ratione statuti praedicti inde per nos vel haeredes
nstros occasionentur in aliquo seu graventur,
Early Hislo 7 of Ballzol College i 2 3
Salvis tamen capitalibus dominis feodi illius servitiis
inde debitis et consuetis. In cujus rei testimonium
bas litteras nostras fieri fecimus patentes. Teste
me ipso apud Westrronasterium decimo octavo die
Augusti, anno regno nostri vicesimo tertio.'
[Translation.--Edward, by the Grace of God,
King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of
Aquitaine, to ail to whom these presents shall
corne, Greeting. Although, by the common counsel
of our realm, we have provided that it shall not be
lawful for Religious, or others, to enter upon posses-
sion of any fief, in such manner that it be held in
mortmain, without permission from us, and from the
principal Lord, of whom the fief is directly held.
Wishing, nevertheless, to show special grace to
Hugh de Vienne, we have granted him licence, so
far as lies in us, to give and assign the advowson ol r
the Church of St. Laurence, in Jewry, London, to
the Warden of the House of the Scholars of Balliol,
at Oxford, and to these saine Scholars. To bave
and to hold to these same, the Warden and Scholars
dwelling in the House aforesaid, in perpetuity.
And by the tenor of these presents we grant special
licence to the said Warden and Scholars so to
receive that advowson from the said Hugh. And it
is our will that the saine Hugh, and his heirs, or the
aforesaid Warden and Scholars, or their successors,
should not in anything be harassed or burthened by
24 Earl), History of Balliol College
reason of the statute, by us, or our heirs. Saving,
however, the services due and accustomed to the
chier Lords of that fief. In witness whereof we
bave caused these our letters patent to be executed.
\Vitnessed by myself, at \Vestminster, the i8th day
of August, in the -"3rd year of out reign.]
\Valter de Fodringeye was made Principal in
:8_-, when Dervorguilla gave formal Statutes to
the College ; and Brother Hugh de Hertilpoll and
\Villiam de Menyll were then Procurators. In i'96 ,
\Valter de Fodringeye resigned his Principalship,
and was made a Canon of Lincoln; and Hugh de
\Varkenby became Principal, or \Varden, of Balliol
ttall. But he could not have remained in office for
many years, for in 3o 3 ' Stephen Cornwall occurs
by the naine of Custos domus de Balliolo 3 Ed. I.
He was succeeded by Richard de Chickwell, who is
mentioned as' Custos' in a writ of Edward I I. to
the Mayor of Oxford, dated August 8, 3o9.
Thomas de \Valdeby appears to have been Principal
in the year 1.321. And, in another writ of Edward II.
the naine of Henry de Seton occurs as Principal, in
3-'23. Nicholas de Luceby was Custos in the first
year of Edward III. ; and, rive years afterwards, we
find the naine of John Poclynton. Thus there
were, according to Antony à \Vood, who is very
reliable in such matters, belng more a careful
anna!ist than an his.torian, eight Principals, or
Wardens. The title afterwards was altered; and
the naine of Hugh Corbrygge occurs as ' Master,'
in 1343?
Of these Principals two appear to bave been
Benefactors to the College; one directly, and one
indirectly. Hugh de Warkenby, together with
William de Gotham, also a member of the College,
gave four houses in School Street, with the area
adjoining them, for the support of a Chaplain for
the Chapel of St. Catherine, within the precincts of
the College. These four bouses were subsequently
known as Balliol College Schools. They were
' situated sometime on the Vest side of Schoolstreet
in the said Parish of St. Mary the Virgin. These
having been Schools of old time, but by what naine
then known I know hot, had this name given to them
in the reign of K. Edw. II, because that then they
belonged to the House of Balliol, who at that time
and several ages af ter rented them to Clerks to per-
form their Exercise; for as I have elsewhere told
you, every Master and Bachelour were formerly
bound to provide for themselves Schools. The said
Schools being four in number were contained in one
messuage, and were yearly let for very considerable
rents. In the latter end of Hen. III, and begin-
ning of Edw. I, they did, with the tenement itself
These rtames, and dates, are given flore Antony à Wood, with-
out further verification.
I26 Early History of Balliol College
belong to one Elias le Quitter, a Burgher of Oxford,
who about the year 1291 did convey them with a
court or yard adjoining, and certain revenews in the
Parish of St. Peter in the East to Thomas de Sowy
another Burgher, by the naine of Beaufront Schools
situated between a tenement of the Prior and Con-
vent of St. Frideswyde, and another sometime
belonging to Laurence Kepeharme. In the year
1295 the said Schools with three messuages at the
North end of Schoolstreet on the \\Test side, coming
by sale from the said Sowy to Hugh de \Varkeneby
and \Vill. de Gotham, Clerks (the former then
Master, and the other lately Fellow, of the House
of Balliol) vere in the vear I3IO given by them to
the said House, for the finding of a Chaplain to
celebrate divine service daily in St. Catherine's
Chapel there. Afterwards they let out the other
messuages to Cerks, and they became also Schools
and habitations for them.' 1
Soon afterwards v«e find Richard de Hunsingoure
giving property to the College. In 1316 , he gave
and 'confirmed to the Master and Scholars of the
House of Balliol for ever, All that Tenement, with
the Houses, Crtilage, and all other the Appur-
tenances in the Parish of St. Jokn are Zerton, lying
between Albau-hall and Lomb-hall, which Tene-
Antong, à It'ood, ed. Gutch, vol. ii. p. 73L
Early Histor), of t3alliol College 127
ment he had ofthe Legacy of IValter de t:odring/zey«,
Canon of Lincoln.' a
Thus Walter de Fodringeye became, indirectly,
a Benefactor to the College of which he had been
the first Principal. The house, commonly known
as Hert Hall, was afterwards leased to lXIerton
College, and became a part of what was, until only
a few years ago, St. Alban Hall. ' Hert Hall was
given to Balliol College in the reign of Edward I I
by Mr. Richard Huntingore, but seems at the date
of the Survey (I424) to have been pulled down or
dilapidated, the site and ground being then con-
verted into a garden.'2 In a lease from the
Prioress of Littlemore to lIerton College, of a
walled garden, 'late lying and longing to AIbon
Hall in Oxenford,' is a very exact description of the
dimensions of this garden. It was 2o6 feet in
8. feet in breadth. .And its position
length, and 1
is plainly stated in a 'Lease for ninety-nine years
from Balliol to Merton College of a garden lying
between Alban Hall and the " orchard " of Merton
College, of which the south end projects to the wall
of the said Scholars of Merton, and the north end
to the King's highway close to Alban Hall, "con-
taining in length 2o6{ feet, and in breadth 38{ feet,"
at a rent of two shiIIings. Mertota College further
13alliofergus, p. 34-
"" ,l[e»torials ofil¢erlon Coll., Brodrick, p. 3 * 4-
28 Earl), ttistory of Balliol College
undertakes the liability, formerly devolving upon
Balliol, of keeping in repair the northern and
eastern walls of this garden, and is empowered to dig
there and use it otherwise for its own purposes.'
The \Varden of lXlerton, in his [emorials of the
College, calls our attention to an old doorway,
which 'may still be seen, blocked up and built into
the wall of Merton College Garden opposite the
New Schools and the back entry to the old Angel
I nn. This door may have been the one outlet from
the gardens into what is now lXIerton Street, when
St. Alban Hall and other adjoining Halls belonged
to other owners.' e
The saine Richard de Hunsingoure, who gave
Hert Hall and garden, also gave to the College, in
about the year I32O, twelve acres of meadow, called
Bayly-mead, in the parish of Steeple Aston. Henry
Savage tells us that, ' Mun0 13 Edz,,. 2. which was
about the Year, 1320. twelve Acres of Medow, com-
monly called Bayl),«iead. were given by iXlr. tfun-
singoure to the Master and Scholars, to find a
Chaplain for the celebration of Divine Offices in the
Chappel of St. A'aterine, within the Mansion of the
said Master and Scholars, confirmed by Letters
Patents of the said King, to be held of the iXlanor of
IVot[on, for the Service of 5d. per armure.'
21[emorials of .l[erh, n Coll., Brodrick, p. 35.
: Balliofi'rgus, p. 34-
l.Early History of .Salliol College " 9
Thus, by the charity of Benefactors, two per-
manent Chaplains were secured for the College,
that Divine Office might be said daily in the Oratory
within the precincts of the College. That Oratory
was, as far as can be safely conjectured, the large
hall which is now the Master's dining room. Tra-
dition, in such a question, is of some worth ; and the
position of the hall, near to the new buildings, which
Dervorguilla had erected, and also joining the tene-
ments which she gave to her Scholars of Balliol,
confirms the tradition. The structure of the hall
tends to the same conclusion. It bas evidently
always depended for light on a large window looking
east ; it is entered by a wide double-door at thé west ;
there was, originally, a raised dais at the east end ;
the roof is high, and the walls are massive. The
argument against its having been the Oratory is,
that the great bay-window, looking eastvard, was
built by Bishop Grey. But, when he was building
his new hall and Library, might he not, for the sake
of uniformity in the appearance of the quadrange,
have built anew the east window of the Oratory, a
work which possibly was much needed ?
Dervorguilla's Oratory was built about the year
-93, out of money left by ber to the College.
1 Vhen the Master's house was rebuilt, I868--87o, the floor of
this hall was raised to the level of the new rooms. It was raised to
the height of the dais, which existed up to that time.
K
3o Early Histo O, of Ialliol College
Before that time the Scholars of Balliol had, for their
Chapel, one of the aisles of St. Mary Magdalen's
Church. It appears to have been a custom, if nota
rule, for Scholars to be present at Divine Office,
and to hear Mass, in the Church of the parish they
lived in ; but there is no record of their attendance
being compulsory. The attendance of Graduates
was strictly required, by many different statutes,
'and the omission of any mention of the juniors
would seem to imply that it was taken for granted
they should accompany their masters. 'l And we
find in the Chancellors' and Proctors' Books, about
the year 31 I, among the Ordinances issued tbr the
Scholars of Master \Villiam of Durham,--'Ztem,
ordinatum est quod dicti Scholares, qui pro tempore
fuerint, duas missas, singulis annis in parochia ubi
degunt, pro anima fundatoris raclant celebrare. '
The Balli,»l Scholars had no great distance to go.
A few steps between the plots of ground at the back
of Old Balliol Hall, and then across the open space
at the east of the Church. A minute's run, for Mass
in the early morning. Not far to go from their books
or play, for the Divine Office. And even in the
dusk of winter evenings, when the Oxford mist and
fog would, then as now, creep stealthily across
Canditch, and the fields of Beaumont, there would
have been some glimmering oil lamp near the City
I ,I[unimen[a ,4ca,temica. Preface, p. lxxv. Ibid. vol. i. p. 89.
Early History of 17allio! Coll, T« 3
Gate, or the Sanctuary lamp showing faintly through
the Church window, to guide them to their Vespers.
They were poor-looking lads, who, in garments of
various colours and shapes, left their scantily furnished
rooms, or broke away from prolonged Disputations
and tedious lectures, when the near bell called them
to their prayers. In Agas' map of Oxford, I578,
can be seen the opening, between buildings, through
which they probably must have passed befi)re cross-
ing the road to St. Iary iMagdalen's Church. 'The
north aisle, c»r a part of it, was repaired and fitted
up about I28O by Dervorgilla, the foundress of
Balliol college, as an oratory for the use of ber
scholars. Hence it has been known by the naine of
Dervorgilla's aisle, or St. Catharine's chapel.. The
payment of 4os. per annum to St. Catharine's priest
is mentioned so late as the time of Henry VIII.,
and the "mass book of St. Catharine" was "mended"
in the 24th of his reign. This aisle, or the
part dedicated to St. Catharine, was used by the
scholars of Balliol college from their first foun-
dation until -"93; after which Oliver Sutton, and
other bishops of Lincoln in succession, granted them
permission to celebrate divine service in their own
oratory within the walls of the college ; except on
particular solemnities, when they were bound to
attend in the parish church.'
.]lemotials of O.ford, l ngram.
K 2
3 2 Early Hz'story of Balliol Coll¢e
The frequency of Disputations seems to have
been pleaded, by the Balliol Scholars, as a reason
for their having the Divine Office in their own
Çhapel, within the Çollege precincts. .oEnd Dervor-
guilla's last gift of money having built the Çhapel,
Oliver Sutton granted the Licence asked for. The
words of the Licence are :--
' Oliverus permissione Divina Lincolniensis
Episcopus dilectis in Christo filiis, Magistro et
Scholaribus domus de Balliolo in Oxonia, salutem,
gratiam, et benedictionem. Considerantes fructus
muhiplices qui ex vestro laudabili studio hactenus
pervenerunt et in futurum sperantur Deo auspice
proventuri, quietem quam possumus vobis cupimus
providere; cum igitur lectionum et disputationum
occupationibus impediti parochialem Ecclesiam infra
cujus parochiam domus vestra praedicta consistit
pro Divinis audiendis adire ut praetenditis saepius
nequeatis nos vestris supplicationibus favorabiliter
inclinati, ut in oratorio vestro infra domum vestram
praefatam constructo dum tamen decens fuerit et
honestum, Divina vobis et familiae vestrae per sacer-
dotem sumptibus vestris propriis exhibendis faciatis
licite celebrari licentiam vobis concedimus per prae-
sentes. Ita tamen quod nullimoda Sacramenta
Ecclesiastica in dicto oratorio ministrentur et, quoad
oblationes in eo faciendas, obventiones, ac alia jura
consimilia, nullum matrici Ecclesiae praedictae prae-
Fr O, Hilar:y af ialh'al CalIz« 33
judicium generetur quodque ut honor debitus eidem
Ecclesiae servetur ipsam in majoribus anni solenmi-
tatibus, visitetis prout alii Scholares suas Ecclesias
parochiales visitare tenentur et quilibet capellanus
in dicto oratorio vobis ministraturus de indemnitate
ejusdem Ecclesiae in praesentia Abbatis et Con-
ventus Oseneyae ipsam in usus proprios possiden-
tium seu ipsius Ecclesiae Vicarii praestet ad Sacra
Dei Evangelia juramentum. Quae omnia et singula
sub poena revocationis hujusmodi gratiae nostrae a
vobis volumus observari. In cujus rei testimonium
sigillum nostrum praesentibus est appensum. Data
apud Eynesham iii Idus Iulii, anno Domini 5cc
nonagesimo tertio.'
[TranslatiolamOliver, by DMne permission,
Bishop of Lincoln, to his beloved sons in Christ, the
Master and Scholars of the House of Balliol, at
Oxford, Health, Grace, and Benediction. \Ve, con-
sidering the abundant fruit which bas been derived
from your praiseworthy zeal up to this time; and,
with the blessing of God, is expected in the future;
are anxious, so far as we can, to provide for your
peace and tranquillity. Since, therefore, as l-ou
allege, )-ou are often unable, owing to your time
being engrossed by lessons and Disputations, to
attend for the Divine Offices the parish Church, of
the parish in which your House aforesald is situate ;
we, favourably inclining to your petition, by these
34 Earl.3' Hislorj, l?alliol Coll'ge
presents grant )-ou licence lawfully to bave the
Divine Offices celebrated for yourselves and your
household, in your own Oratory (provided it be fair
and becoming)constructed within you t-Iouse afore-
said, by a Priest to be maintained at your own
expense. Provided always that none of the Sacra-
ments of the Church be administered in the said
Oratory ; and that ,«'ith regard to offerings ruade
therein, revenues, and other rights of like nature, no
prejudice accrue to the aforesaid mother Church;
and provided that on the more solemn Feasts of the
year, in order to keep up the honour which is due to
the said Church, )ou make a visit to it, in the saine
way that other Scholars are bound to visit their
pari»h Church; and provided that every Chaplain,
who is te» serve the said Oratory, take an oath on
the Holy Gospels of God concerning the indemnity
of the saine Church, in the presence of the Abbot
and Community of Oseney, who hold it to their own
use, or of the Vicar of the said Church. All which
and singular, it is out will that you should observe,
under penalty of the revocation of this our grace.
In witness vhereof our seal is to these presents
appended. Given at Eynsham, 3 July, t-93.]
This letter is one of the most valued of the
documents relating to the early history of the College,
and it bas been carefully preserved in the College
,rchives. It is a small slip of parchment ; but the
Early H'slorj, of a]]iol Co]]ee 35
writing is distinct, and legible. Only a small por-
tion of the seal remains; but there is a duplicate
copy of this letter, which bas a nearl perfecty seal
attached to it.
It is difficult to determine exactly what the
Ecclesiastical Sacraments refer to. Bishop Oliver
may bave meant that the Holy Communion was not
to be given, in the Chapel, on the more solemn
Feasts ; but that the Scholars were to go to the
parish Church. Or, Ecclesiastical Sacramentsmight
simply refer to those of Ecclesiastical precept ; such
as, Baptism, and the Easter Communion. Several
succeeding Bishops of Lincoln granted the saine
Licence ; and in one of these documents the Oratory
is called the Chapel of St. Catherine.
-6 Pope Urban V. gave a Licence,
Finally, in a 4,
in the following words. As this document is now
much injured by damp, it is here given, as it is
written, in the abbreviated Latin.--
'Vrban 9 es seru 9' seruor( dei / Dilect( filijs
Ma"F6 & scolarib. Collegij clicor(' dom 9 de Balliolo
de Oxonia Lincolniefi dioc(' Sal & aplicarn be.
Pia deuotorf deo & ecclïe desideria que diuini cult 9
augmtf ac iport quiet(' comodù respcer diI,oscunt.
aplico fauore t)sequinç eisq_ benignfi iml_»tim « assensù.
Exhibita siquidè no/5 ,p l_te via c6tinebat q«l vos in
quadiï Capella sita infra septa dom 9 v?'e de Bal]io/o
de Oxonia Lincolnie dioC iuxta statuta dicte dom
3 6 .Earl.), Hz'sto?, of Balliol College
p nos I iuramèto vallata singul dieb. p ppos sacer-
dotes diuina officia face celebrari ac certf dieb.
eisdem misse & horis canonicis psonali inPesse
tenemini. Nos vis in bac pte supplicacionib5 in-
clinati, vt in Capella dicta singuli vm qui fuerint in
pb?at 9 ordine constituti & alij pbi:i dicte dom 9 missam
& alia diuina officia eciam i festt maiorib sùmissa
&alta voce Jure parrochial ecclïé & culuslibet alteri 9
i oib semp saluo celebra » valeatf quibusciq_ Con-
stitucionib ap|icis contrarljs nequaquii obstantib 5
deuocioni ne auctoritate aplica tenor senciû in-
dulgem 9 Nulli ergo oo h,minfi liceat h,c paginii
niée consessionis infringere vel ci ausu temerario
contraire Si quis autê hoc attêptare sumpserit in-
dignationê omnlpotent(' dei & beatort Pet i & Pauli
aplor ci 9 se noûît incursurri Da Auiniog xj kl
Maij Pontificat 9 firi anno Secundo.'
[Traslatioz.--Urban, Bishop, Servant of the
servants of God. to Out beloved sons, the Master
and Scholars of the College of Clerics of the House
of Balliol at Oxford, in the diocese of Lincoln,
Health and Apostolic Benediction.
It is Out wont graciously to extend Out Apostolic
favour and consent to the pious desires of men, who
are devoted to God and the Church, in those things
which regard the increase of Divine Worship, and
the advantage of Our peace. Now it has been
' Written-.nos ; but probabl), a mistake for vos.
Early History of Zalliol Colle'ge 37
made known to Us in your behalf that, according
the Statutes of your House of Balliol, at Oxford, in
the diocese of Lincoln, to which you are obliged
by oath, you are bound to cause the Divine Offices
to be celebrated daily in the Chapel situated within
the limits of the said House, by your own Priests,
and on certain days to be present personally at
the saine Mass and Canonical Hours. We, i,lclin-
ing to your petitions in this regard, by the tenor
of these letters, by Our Apostolic authority, permit
to your devotions that you who are Priests, and the
other Priests of the said House, to celebrate in the
aforesaid Chapel, Mass and the Divine Offices, as
well aloud as in a low voice, even on the greater
Feasts, the right of the parish, and any other Church,
being in all things and always safeguarded, and
notwithstanding any Apostolic constitutions to the
contrary.
Therefore let no man, whoever he may be, in-
fringe this Our document of concession, or dare
rashly to contradict it. But if any one should pre-
sume so to do, let him know that he will incur the
anger of God Almighty and of His blessed Apostles
Peter and Paul. Given at Avignon, on the I6th
day before the kalends of May, in the second year
of out Pontificate.]
There can be little doubt about Masses having
been celebrated in the College soin after its first
38 Early Hislory of Balliol College
foundation. Dervorguilla's Statures, given to the
Scholars in _8_, asked for certain Masses tobe
offered on certain days; and although the Scholars'
first Chapel was one of the aisles of St. Iary 1VIag-
dalen's Church, yet in -93 they had their own
Oratory, within the precincts of the College. In
I3o Hugh de \Varkenby and \Villiam de Gotham
gave four bouses in School Street, for the support cf
a Chaplain, for the Chapel of St. Catherine, in the
College. And in 3_o, Richard de Hunsingoure
gave the twelve actes of meadow, at Steeple Aston,
f«;r the support of another Chaplain. In 34I, Sir
Philip de Somervyle, when giving new Statutes to
the College, ordained that a third Chaplain, presented
by him, or by his heirs, should live in the College,
and celebrate certain Masses, in perpetuity. The
College evidently had its own Chapel, or Oratory, in
which the Holy Sacrifice was frequently offered;
but it was, probably, not licensed for Masses on Days
of Obligation, nor for the public recitation of the
Divine Office. Bishop Oliver's Licence was that
the Divine Office might be said in it; but, it would
appear, the Scholars were still bound to be present
at Mass, and at the Office, in the parish Church, on
all greater Feast Days, that is, on all Days of Obli-
gation. Pope Urban's Licence, though it carefully
guarded the interests of the parish Church, in all
questions of rights and dues, gave the Scholars
iarl 9' Histor 9, of talliol Co]lwe 39
what they needed, permission to have Mass celc-
brated in their own Chapel, 'as well aloud as in a
low voice, even on the greater Feasts.'
In J3-"7, the Abbot of Readingwas a Benefactor
to the College. There is aletter in the College
Archives, which tells of the good Abbot's gifts. It
is a small piece «,f i)archlnent; but the writing is
bold and regular. The pendent seal, in red vax.
vesica-shaped, is broken round the edge; but is,
otherwise in good preservation, and is a fine speci-
lllen of ail Abbey seal. The Abbot is represented,
standing" he has his crozier in his right hand, and
in his left he holds a book. His chasuble and alb
have been very carefullyand delicately trace& The
letter reads :--
' Noverint universi per praesentes quod Dominus
Nicholaus de Quappelad, Dei gratia .... Abbas
Radyngiae liberavit Scholaribus Domus de Balliolo
in Oxonia, viginti libras sterlingoruln pro anima
Adae le Poleter burgensis Radyngiae ad fabricam
capellae Sanctae Katerilme ejusdem Domus. Item
dedit praedictus . . Abbas praefatis Scholaribus
decem marcas argenti ad fabricam Capellae praedictae
quas ab eodem... Abbate prae duo scripta obliga-
toria prius ex mutuo receperunt. Dedit etiam prae-
dictus... Abbas praefatis Scholaribus unam fenes-
tram vitream pretii decem librarum et amplius pro
capella supradicta, summa totius xxxvj ll. xiij s. iiij d.
40 Ear O' Histo 7 of Ballid Collc£e
Item dedit eis meremium, lath et alia minuta cum
cariagio eorumdem quae hic in specie non numeran-
tur. In cujus rei testimonium tare praedictus...
Abbas quam praedicti Scholares praesenti indenturae
alternatim sigilla sua apposuerunt. Hiis testibus:
Magistro Thoma Othom tunc Cancellario universi-
tatis Oxoniae ; Magistro Nicholao de Luceby, tunc
Custode praedictae Domus ; Magistro Nicholao de
Tyngewykes; et custode sigilli communis praedic-
torum Scholarium; et multis aliis. Et remanebit
una pars hujus indenture penes praedictos Scholares
et alia pars penes custodem altaris Capellae Beatae
Mariae Virginis infra Abbathiam Radynges. Dat.
apud Radyngiam die Veneris in festo Circumcisionis
Domini, anno Domini millesimo tricesimo vicesimo
septimo.'
[ Traus/atiou.--Be it known to all by these pre-
sents, that Lord Nicholas de Quappelad, by the
Grace of God Abbot of Reading, has released to
the Scholars of the House of Balliol at Oxford,
twenty pounds sterling, for the soul of Adam le
Poleter, Burgess of Reading, for the construction of
the Chapel of St. Catherine of the same House.
l/c»z: the aforesaid Abbot gave to the aforesaid
Scholars ten marks of silver, for the construction of
the aforesaid Chapel, which they had previously re-
ceived as a loan under two written bonds. More-
over, the aforesaid Abbot gave to the aforesaid
Erl), /-[isto O, of Balliol College 4
Scholars, one glass window, of the value of ten
pounds and more, for the above-named Chapel. Sure
total ; 36l. 13 s. 4 d. Also he gave them tituber, lath,
and other small items, which are hot here specifically
enumerated, with their carriage. In witness whereof
the aforesaid Abbot, and the aforesaid Scholars, bave
in turn affixed their seals to the present indenture.
\Vitnesses: Master Thomas Otham, present Chan-
cellor of the University of Oxford ; Master Nicholas
de Luceby, present \Varden of the aforesaid House ;
blaster Nicholas de Tyngewykes ; and the keeper
of the common seal of the aforesaid Scholars; and
many others. And one part of this indenture shall
remain with the aforesaid Scholars, and the other
part with the warden of the Altar of the Chapel of
the Blessed Virgin Mary, within the Abbey of Read-
ing. Given at Reading, Friday, the Feast of the
Circumcision of the Lord, a.D. I327. ]
42 .az'ly Hislory of JS",dliol Colle
CHAPTER Vil.
TIIUS we have followed the foundation of the Collcgc,
and have seen I)ervorguilla endowing it with ber
gift of lands in Stamfordham and Howgh; and ber
gift «f all the debts due to her husband at the rime
of his death. Then the College was enriched by
the property in the Jewry, London ; and the advow-
son of the Church of St. Laurence. Soon after-
wards came the gift cf four houses in School Street,
with the area adjoining them, by Hugh de Warkenby
and \Villiam de Gotham ; and of Hert Hall, given
by Richard de Hunsingoure. 'As for the /J'ce, we
must understand that into the Schools of Arts, no
Undergraduates were permitted to enter, as to the
doing of any Exercise therein, but were left to dis-
pute in the /'ce, or Court-yard adjoyning: which
in French being t-«/s, out Answering of Generals,
is thence call'd answering in I)am,/siis, or in Parviso. '
Mr. Maxwell Lyre explains, that'in the third
year of his residence at the University, the student
of the liberal arts was tdlowed to become a "general
Balliofergus, p. 33-
1?af O, ttisto 7 of tTa/h'ol Collcge 143
sophister." As such he was required to attend the
logical " variations " that were held "in the parvise"
for at least a year, "disputing, arguing, and respond-
ing" on sophisms. The ecclesiastical origin of these
disputations is shown by the phrase "in parviso,"
the parvise being a cloister, paved platform, or other
open space, immediately adjoining a church. A
curious instance of the survival of old names is to
be round in the "tcstamztr" or Latin certificate
which is nowadays issued by the examiners at "Re-
sponsions," to the effect that a successful candidate
bas answered to the questions of the masters of the
schools "in parviso."' And he adds, in a foot-
note, that ' in the eighteenth century, the variations
in the parvise vere held three times a week and
known by the naine of Generals.'
After Richard de Hunsingoure there' fi»llowed
other benefactors, who gave several messuages in
Oxon.' In the meantime, however, there were
liberal friends, whose generosity to the College de-
serves notice. Richard Hunsington and \Valter
Horkstow 'gave two Messuages; one call'd St.
lguhs-hall, the other ]-eq-hall, Anuo 8 2?da,. I.
confirmed by Letters Patents. It appears by a
Court Roll of the Major of O.ro,z, held [ercurii iz
'esto Sa,zcti Edw. ]cgis, A,z,zo Edw. 3. 19. that we
had a Tenement in St. e][ildreds Parish [the Church
' Hist. ga)ffv. Oxford, Maxwell Lyre, p. ao 5.
44 Early/-/istoy of Balliol College
whereof stood where Licolu Colledge Ball-Court
now is-] called St. t]'ughes-hall, which my Friend,
who brought me a Transcript of the Record, would
bave to be understood of this St. ]tughs-hall, which
I contend to be part of out Colledge : he supposing
it not to be so, but that it vas the Site of the Divinity
School [which the University pays us Rent for, to
this day, whereof elsewhere]. But whatever the
naine of the said Site of the Divinity School was,
itis as clear as may be that they are distinct things
given us by distinct Benefactors : for this St.
hall, which I will have tobe a part of out Colledge
(together with that 15r«rl-hall) was given, as you
see, by Richard Hzt«shzton and III'aller Horkstoa,,
..-/mw 8 Fdw. . but the place of the site of the
Divinity School was given by./cffrej, ]-[orkstow and
l?ichard Staj'«ton, Anglo d.. . He will like-
wise bave ]-[«rt-hall here mentioned too, to be that
slip of Ground annexed to tlba-hall, which is
proved to be otherwise by the saine observation.
This ]-[ert-hall being given by Rich : ]-[unhglon
and IValter ]-]orkstow, but that piece of Land was
given by Richard Hu,sigoure, of the legacy of
lUalter de Fodrb,ghcA,e, whereof elsewhere. Many
Halls bearing the same naine heretofore, no Argu-
ment can be drawn from the Identity thereof to the
sameness of the places."
' t?alliofergus, p. 8.
Early ttistory of talliol College 45
The Grant to the College, by Geoffrey de
Horkestow and Richard de Staynton, of'the place
of the site of the Divinity School,' is thus
worded :--
' Sciant praesentes et futuri quod nos Galfridus
de Horkestow et Ricardus de Stayntown, Clerici,
dedimus concessimnus et bac praesenti carta nostra
confirmnavimus Magistro et Scholaribus Dol.nus de
Balliolo O×oniae et eorumn successoribus in eadem
Dol-nO in perpetuumn totumn illud tenemnentumn cure
domnibus et omnibus aliis pertinentiis in Oxonia
quod fuit quondamn Walteri de Sanford contra
mnuros ejusdem villae in parochia Sanctae Iildredae
situatumn inter tenemnentumn eorundemn lIagistri et
Scholariumn ex parte orientali et tenemnentul.n quon-
damn Thol.nae de Hengseye ex parte occidentali in
subventionel.n sustentationis praedictorumn Iagistri
et Scholariul.n. Tenendul.n et habendumn praedictum
tenementumn integre cumn domnibus, curtilagio, et
omnibus aliis pertinentiis praefatis Magistro et
$cholaribus praedictae Dol.nus et eorumn succes-
soribus in eademn Domno libere, jure, integre, in per-
petuul.n juxta formnamn, vimn, et effectumn cartae
Domini Regis nobis et eis in hac parte licentiamn
specialemn tribuentis, statuto de terris et tenemnentis
ad manum mnortuam non ponendis edito non
obstante; faciendo inde capitalibus domninis feodi
illius servitia inde debita et de jure consueta. In
r.
I46 Earl), [[istory of Balliol College
cujus rei testimonium sigilla nostra praesenti cartae
sunt appensa. Hiis testibus Magistro Johanne
Luterel tune Cancellario Oxoniae. Willelmo de
Birmcestre tune majore ejusdem; Ricardo, Cari,
Gilberto de Grimstede tune ballivis Johanne de
Dokelyntone, Andrea de Pyri, Ricardo le Spicer,
Johanne de Bischoptone, Thoma de Pyri tune
Clerico ejusdem villae et multis aliis. Scripta et
consignata V'° Kal. Dec b'. Anno regni Regis
Edwardi filii Regis Edwardi undecimo.'
[Abstract.--Geoffrey de Horkestow and Richard
de Staynton, Clerks, grant to the Master and
Scholars of the House of Balliol, the tenement with
houses and appurtenances, in Oxford, which be-
longed to Walter de Sandford, near the City Wall,
in St. Mildred's parish, towards the maintenance of
the said Master and Scholars. Witnesses. Master
John Luterel, then Chancellor of Oxford. William
de Birmcestre, then Mayor. Richard, Cary, and
Gilbert de Grimstede, bailiffs. John de Dokelynton,
Andrew de Pyri, Richard le Spicer, John de Bischop-
tone, Thomas de Pyri, then clerk of the town;
and many others. \Vritten on the 5th day before
the kalends of December, II Ed. II.]
But, in order of date, another benefaction should
have been mentioned before these gifts.
Henry Savage tells, in his rather rambling
fashion, how ' K. Ed. I. taking occasion to banish
Early History of 13alliol College 147
all Jews out of this Kingdom, with Licence to sell
or carry away their moveables onely, all their Lands
came into the Kings hands as Escheats. 1Now I
find that of Jews Houses in Oxford, the King, in
the nineteenth Year of his Reign, granted to II ïlliam
urnel Provost of Ilëlls, nine Messuages, with
their Tenements and 2ppurtenances [whereof seven
were in the Parish of St. tldates, one in St.
Iartyns, and another was a School of the Jews]
one of those nine Messuages was call'd The Syna-
gogue, whereunto did belong the entrance in at the
great Port or Gae, and the sollar over it; from
which great or broad Port or Gate, as it is thought,
the FIouse of the Students [now Pem3rook Col-
ledge] was call'd Mula Laleortensis, or tTroad,ates-
hall. This Synagogue and Port was given to
Stehanus de Cornubia, lXlaster of this House, and
the Scholars, 35 Ed. I. The test of the premises,
together with ten Shops, did the saine I4"illiam
Burnel bestow upon our said House: For the
confirmation whereof, we have Licence of 3,lort-
main, and other Letters Patents from the King,
a confirmation of the Gift from Qneen 3lar-
garet, 8 Edw. . [,«hich King was her Son] the
disclaim of Edward tTtrncl, Heir to the said
'illiam, v«ith all other circumstances of Law
contain'd in a multitude of VVritings ; which makes
' Stephen Cornvall?
L2
me wonder how t cornes to pass that we bave
scarce one of those Hoses remanng to us n St.
lts Parsh, and none of the shops. [That
Hose n Çrandpont [vulg6 Çrampool thogh n
the same Parish now, yet then in St. [caels at
the South Port [which St. Iichaels hath been since
consolidated with St. ldats, being of another
Foundation] unless it were to make way for the
Building of Christ Church, called the Cardblals
Colledge. And indeed it was mostly to that end;
in recompense whereof, we were promised Lands,
Houses, or Money, but never received any, as
appears under the hand of a Publick Notary of the
Bishop of Lozdoz, nzo 529 .'
In the College Archives there is 'a small parch-
ment deed, in Latin, with two seals, one broken,
the other nearly perfect ; being a lease by John de
Aylesbury and Agnes, his wife, to Master Stephen
de Cornwall, " Master of the Hall of Balliol, and
the Scholars thereof," of a messuage in Oxford,
" which is called the Synagoe," in the parish of
St. Aldate's, with the entrance at the great Gate,
and the sollar over the gate, between the new tene-
ments, formerly of Master William Burnel, from the
Purification in the 35 ' year of King Edward the
Third, to the Feast of St. Michael in . Wit-
nesses, John de Dokelintone, Mayor of Oxford,
Ballio[ergus, p. 27.
Ear]y Historj, of ta]h'ol College 49
de Wycombe and \Villiam de Pennarth,
the
the
was also known as "John the Taverner," of
Oxford.' 2
By a deed, on a small piece of parchment, in
fine and delicate writing, with one large capital
letter at the beginning, lIargaret, Queen Dowager
of England, the second wife of Edward I. sanctioned
the conveyance of these Tenements in St. Aldates,
to the College. The large seal, in light brown wax,
which is attached by a thick parchment thong, is a
very beautiful, and nearly perfect, impression. The
Queen is represented, standing, and holding in ber
hand a sceptre. The words of the deed are :--
' Universis Sanctae matris ecclesiae filiis ad quos
praesentes litterae pervenerint 5Iargareta Dei
Itist. 3ISS. Coin. Fourth Report, p. 45 o. Ibid.
\ra]ter
13ailiffs, and others, therein named. Given on
Sunday after the Feast of the Purification, in
above-mentioned year.' a
And also ' a Latin deed, on parchment, with four
small seals, three of which are perfect ; whereby the
lIaster and Scholars of Balliol covenant to build, in
the messuage last-mentioned, a chamber " of com-
petent tituber," with a sollar, and a cellar also;
John de Aylesbury thereby agreeing that they may
bave the stones and tituber of an old chamber there
removed. Dated on the saine day as the above.
By another deed, it appears that John de Aylesbury
1 5o Early tistory of Balliol Colleffe
Gratia Regina Angliae salutem in Domino sempi-
ternam. Noverit universitas vestra quod nos
habentes respectum ad profectum et commodum
quae ex studio Scholarium aulae de Balliolo in
Oxonia hactenus provenerunt et auxiliante Deo in
posterum sunt uberius proventura, pro salute animae
illustrissimi domini nostri domini Regis Edwardi
dudum consortis nostri et pro salure nostra, inspectis
cartis appropriationis et confirmationis Regis prae-
dicti ac illustris domini et filii nostri domini Regis
Edwardi filii Regis praedicti super tenementis
omnibus, quae quondam fuerunt magistri \Villelmi
Burnel in Oxonia, Magistro et Scholaribus praedictae
aulae concessis et appropriatis, eisdem cartis et appro-
priationi quantum in nobis est nostrum consensum
adhibuimus et quicquid juris in dictis tenementis
habuimus seu habere poterimus salvo nobis redditu
consueto et antiquo de tenementis eisdem dictis
Magistro et Scholaribus concessimus per praesentes.
In cujus rei testimonium has litteras nostras patentes
sibi fieri fecimus sigillo nostro signatas. Data apud
Feckenham, vicesimo septimo die Augusti anno
regni domini et filii nostri carissimi domini Regis
Edwardi filii Regis Edwardi octavo.'
[Translations.--To all the sons of Holy Mother
Church to whom these presents shall come, Mar-
garet, by the Grace of God, Queen of England,
everlasting Heahh in the Lord. Be it known to all
you, that we, having respect to the advantage and
convenience which have hitherto been derived from
the zeal of the Scholars of Bal/iol Hall at Oxford,
and which, with the help of God, will in the future
be derived more abundantly, for the salvation of the
soul of out most illustrious Lord, the Lord King
Edward, our late consort, and for our own, having
perused the Charters of appropriation and confirm-
ation of the aforesaid King, and of the illustrious
Lord out son, the Lord King Edward, son of the
aforesaid King, concerning all the tenements which
formerly belonged to llaster William Burnel, at
Oxford, and which have been granted and appro-
priated to the llaster and Scholars of Balliol Hall
aforesaid, have given our consent, as far as in us
lies, to the Charters and appropriation, and by these
presents we grant whatever right we have or shall
have in the said tenements, to the said lIaster and
Scholars, saving always the ancient and customary
rent due to us on the same tenements. In witness
whereof we bave caused these our letters patent,
sealed with our seal, to be executecl. Given at
Feckenham, on the 27th day of August, in the 8th
year f the reign of the Lord and our most dear
son, the Lord King Edward, son of King Edward.]
And now we bave to speak of a tenement in
Oxford, to the memory of which is attached a
special interest. Most Histories of England give
I52 Ea,'l), Histo,'), of Balliol College
us some account of ' the coming of the Friars,' and
of their work of reformation. The Dominicans
were the first to arrive in Engliand, and the first to
corne to Oxford. They settled in the midst of the
populous district near to St. Edxvard's Church.
There is still existing a ver)" narrow, winding, foot-
way, from Boat Lane to the H igh Street, known
«mly to few people, and so narrow that the
entrance to it from the High Street is hardly
noticeable, which passes by some of the old walls
and windows of earlier Oxford. This narrow pas-
sage gives us some idea of St. Edward's parish of
Iediaeval days. In that parish the Friar Preachers
were tirst established. Al'ter the lapse of so many
years, and the almost entire destruction of buildings,
and the loss of records, it is impossible to speak
with certainty about an)" one definite house. \Ve
know that the Friar Preachers had one or two tene-
ments granted to them, for their habitation. After-
wards, they probably rented them; and, subse-
quently, bought them. Their Rule would bave
obliged them to lire together, in Community; and
so we may conjecture that the houses, very small
ones, were connected, and became one House:
The Friars )[inor were not long in follmving
the Friar Preachers, who entertained them with
all hospitality in London, in 12_- 5. 'Et statim ante
festum Olnnium Sanctorum, et antequam Frater
Ear O, History of Bal[iol Co[lwe 153
Angnellus venisset Londoniam, profecti sunt Frater
Ricardus de Ingewrth et Frater Ricardus Devoni-
ensis Oxoniam, et ibi similiter a Fratribus Praedicato-
ribus familiarissime suscepti sunt ; comederunt in suo
refectorio, et jacuerunt in suo dormitorio, sicut con-
ventuales, per dies octo.' 1 This must have been at
the House of the Black Friars, in St. Edward's parish.
Among the numberless deeds in the College
Archives, is a small document, which tells how some
property in St. Edward's parish, in ail probability
these tenements, came to the Dominicans. It is a
small, and carelessly cut, piece of parchment ; but in
good preservation. The writing, on ruled lines, is
clear, large, and very easy to read. The date is
supposed to be about I-3o. The seal is lost. The
words of the Grant are :--
' Sciant praesentes et futuri quod ego Thomas
filius Thomae filii Edwini de O,:onia concessi,
dimisi et liberavi et hac praesenti carta mea confir-
mari Fratribus Praedicatoribus de Oxonia totam
terram meam cum omnibus perti,aentiis suis quae est
in parochia beati Edwardi in Oxonia, illam videlicet
quae jacet inter terram quae est Roberti \Vith et
terram quae fuit Johannis de Navare, habendam et
tenendam de me et haeredibus meis sibi et suis
assignatis in perpetuum libere et quiete et integre.
Reddendo inde annuatim domui Hospitalis de Sancto
' «l[onumenta Fran'iscana, vol. i. p. 9.
x 54 Early History of Balliol College
Johanni extra portam orientalem de Oxonia tresde-
cern denarios ad duos anni terminos pro omni servitio
et exactione et demanda, videlicet ad festum Sancti
lklichaelis vi denarios et obolum et in Annunciatione
Sanctae Mariae ri denarios et obolum. Et ego
praedictus Thomas filius Thomae et haeredes mei
warantizabimus praedictis Fratribus Praedicatoribus
et suis assig, natis totam praedictam terram cure
omnibus pertinentiis suis contra omnes homines
mares et feminas. Pro hacautemconcessione dimis-
sione liberatione confirmatione varantizatione prae-
dicti Fratres Praedicatores dederunt mihi centum
solidos argenti in gersummam. Ut igitur haec
omnia praedicta firma et stabilia permaneant hoc
praesens scriptum sigilli mei impressione roboravi.
Hiis testibus Petro filio Toroldi tunc majore Oxoniae,
Roberto filio Oweni, Philippo llolendinario, \Valtero
.urifabro, Laurentio \Vith, Henrico Ingo, Alexvico,
Johanne Pille, Ricardo lIolendino, Roberto Minnoth,
et aliis.'
[Abstract.--Thomas, son of Thomas, son of
Edwin, of Oxford, grants to the Friar Preachers of
Oxford, all his land in the parish of St. Edward, in
Oxfcrd, riz. that lying between the land of Robert
With and that late of John de Navare, they paying
an annual rent of I3d. to the Hospital of St. John
without the East Gate of Oxford. For this conces-
sion, the said Friar Preachers bave given him oos.
Early ttistory of B«lliol College 15 5
of silver. Witnesses, Peter, son of Torold, then
Mayor of Oxford. Robert, son of Owen ; Philip, the
Millet; Walter, the Goldsmith; Laurence With ;
Henry Inge, Alewic; John Pille; Richard, the
Millet ; Robert Minnoth ; and others.-]
And the next deed to this is a most beautifully
written document, on an evenly cut, but small, piece
of parchment. The writing reminds us of the fine
and careful penmanship of the letter from Amalric,
Abbot of St. Salvius ; and is a contrast to the round
schoolboy-like hand of the preceding deed. This
small strip of parchment shows writing, on very
faintly ruled lines, which is a marvel of evenness,
fineness, and delicate finish. The very diminutive
letters, and the abbreviations, are a work of art;
while the upright strokes, all in beautiful parallels,
are finished by a fine lace-work running down
them, as if the pen had been loth to leave its task.
Perhaps the hand which guided it was trained for the
better work of illuminating Missals, and transcribing
manuscripts, and contributing to the ' rarities' and the
' precious treasures' that made the riches of Oxford
Libraries. The thin parchment of this deed is turn-
ing yellow. The seal is lost ; and only the parchment
thong remains. The words are :--
' Sciant praesentes et futuri quod ego Frater
Willelmus de Tyford et Conventus Fratrum Praedi-
catorum Oxoniae dedimus et concessimus, dimisimus,
156 Early History of BalIiol Collee
et liberavimus et hac praesenti carta nostra confirma-
vimus Randulfo de Chiltune Capellano totam terrain
nostram cure omnibus pertinentiîs suis quae jacet
inter terrain quae est Roberti Vith et terram quae
fuit Johannis de Navare in parochia Sancti Edwardi
Oxoniae; illam videlicet terrain quam emimus a
Thoma filio Thomae filii Edwini de Oxonia.
Habendam et tenendam sibi et haeredibus vel
assignatis suis in perpetuum libere, et quiete, integre,
et pacifice. Reddendo inde annuatim domui Hospi-
talis Sancti J ohannis extra portam orientalem Oxoniae
tresdecim denarios ad duos anni terminos, vide|icet
ad festum Sancti Michaêlis sex denarios et obolum et
ad Annunciationem beatae Mariae sex denarios et
obolum, pro omni servitio et exactione et demanda.
Et nos pro nobis et successoribus nostris dicto R. et
haeredibus suis vel assignatls tanquam veris assig-
natis nostris cessimus et concessimus totum .jus
nostrum quod habuimus vel habere potuimus in
praedicta terra cum omnibus pertinentiis suis. Ira
quidem quod dictus Thomas filius Thomae filii
Edwini et haeredes sui omni eodem modo teneantur
dicto R. et haeredibus suis vel assignatis warantizare
praedictam terram cum omnibus suis pertinentiis
contra omnes homines et feminas sicut nobis tene-
bantur warantizare pro ut in carta dicti Thomae
quam praedicto R. concessimus continetur. Pro bac
autem donatione, concessione, dimissione, liberatione,
Early Histo, 7 of l?alliol College 57
et bac praesenti cartae nostrae confirmatione dedit
nobis praedictus R. septem marcas argenti. Et ut
haec omnia praedicta firma et stabilia in perpetuum
permaneant hoc praesens scriptum sigilli nostri
impressione roboravimus. Hiis testibus Petro filio
Thoraldi tunc temporis Majore Oxoniae, Philippo
Molendinario, Henrico filio Symonis, Galfrido de
Stokwelle, Adam Feteplace, Waltero Aurifabro,
Henrico Ynge, Johan Costard, Willelmo filio Alani,
et aliis.'
[Abstract.--Brother William de Tyford, and the
Convent of the Friar Preachers of Oxford, grant to
Ralph de Chiltune, Chaplain, all their land lying
between Robert With's, and that late of John de
Navare, in the parish of St. Edward, in Oxford ; viz.
that which they bought from Thomas, son of
Thomas, son of Edwin, of Oxford ; paying an annual
rent of 3 d. to the Hospital of St. John, without the
East Gate. For this donation, the said Ralph gave
them 7 marks of silver. 'vVitnesses. Peter, son of
Thorold, then Mayor of Oxford. Philip, the Miller ;
Henry, son of Simon ; Geoffrey de Stokwelle ; Adam
Feteplace ; Valter, the Goldsmith ; Henry Ynge ;
John Costard ; William, son of Alan ; and others.]
Various deeds, in the College Archives, show
that this property passed from Ralph de Chiltune to
Alice Haket of Lambourne, about 127o ; from Alice
de Lambourne to Robert de Grettone, about 28o;
158 Eau'l.), History of talliol Col&ge
ffom Robert de Grettone to William Burnel, in i299 ;
and from the executors of William Burnel to the
College, in 13t4, or at about that date.
At about the saine time, Hugh de St. Ivo and
Geoffrey de Horkestowe gave Chimers Hall to the
College. Chimers Hall wasin Sydyerd Street, near
to King Street, in the parish of St. Edward the
King. Sydyerd Street 1 reached from High Street
to the entrance to Canterbury College. - It was the
narrow, but bus)', thoroughfare where the parchment
sellers congregated, and where most of the parchment
shops and stalls were to be found. In those days,
when books were books, and manuscripts were worth
copying, the selling of parchment was a great trade
in Oxford. So, in 13o 4, Ralph le \Val, the Fisher-
man--' piscator '--sold to Richard Overhe, the Skin-
ner--' pellipario'--a tenement, 'quod situm est in
parochia Sancti Edv«ardi Regis in Oxonia, in vico
«lui vocatur Sydyerd inter tenementum Abbatis de
Abyndone ex parte una, et tenementum Prioris
Sanctae Frideswidae ex altera.' And the next year,
13o5, Richard Overhe granted to Masters Hugh de
St. Ivo and Geoffrey de Horkestowe the saine tene-
ment, but described as ' quod vocatur Chimere Halle,
quod situm est in parochia Sancti Edwardi Regis
in Oxonia, in vico qui vocatur Sydyerd inter tene-
mentum Abbatis de Abyndone ex parte una, et
Now Oriel Street. Now Canterbury quadrangl Ch. Ch.
i3arly Iffistory of talliol College 159
tenementum Prioris Sanctae Frideswidae ex altera.'
In i3IO, Hugh de St. Ivo and Geoffrey de Horke-
stowe gave this Chimers Hall, in Sydyerd Street,
to the Master and Scholars of I3alliol College. In
17alliofergus is a detailed account of what became of
Chimers Hall; and also a description of the very
beautiful, and almost perfect, large seal, in red wax,
attached to the document granting the Hall to Can-
terbury College, now kept in the I3alliol Archives.
There is another impression of this seal, on another
deed, that has also been carefully preserved.
'In the fourth Year of R. 2. the 5Iaster and
$cholars of out Colledge, called then t?allioLhalle,
gave to Canterbur), Colledge, now part of Christ-
Church Oxon: a messuage called CkiȢer hall,
formerly mentioned, lying towards AQ'ngs-str«el,
called there Sydeard-street East, and the Garden of
the said Canterauo'-Colledge \Vest, North and South
[which must be just opposite to Oriel Colledge] as
appears under the Seal of the said Ca,tlerl)try
Colledge : In which Seal is represented {-in regard of
that Colledges dependance on the Prior of Chrisl-
Churck in Canter3ur),] Austi tke A[ozk, in a Pulpit
with his Cross and Banner, Preaching to the barba-
tous I nfidels [for such the Saxons then were] with
this Inscription in the Ring of the Seal, which is not
oral but orbicular ; riz. Siillum Collegii Aule Caz-
luarie in O.vonia: upon which consideration, the
16o Eau49, Histo O, of Balliol College
Prior and Convent of the said place granted, .,4nno
Dom : I393. and in 17 /¢. 2. to BI r Tho: T),rwhit
Master, and the Scholars of our said Colledge, and
their Successors, an annual Rent of 26 s. 8 d. to be
taken off their Mannor of lrewhtgton and its Appur-
tenances, in the County of Oxon, at the Feasts of
Easlcr and iIichaehnas, by equal portions for ever :
which Grant was the same Year confirmed by the
said King his Letters Patents, with Licence to dis-
train upon the foresaid Mannor in case of non-pay-
ment at either or any of the said Feasts. But upon
the dissolution of Religious Houses, and the return
of the Lands into their Crovn, the Rent was not paid,
till Dr. Cotes, Master of our Colledge, and the
Scholars thereof, had it decreed to them and their
Successors, by the Chancellor and Court of Augmen-
tations, in 34 H. 8. to be paid, together vith the
arrearages due from the dissolution, by the hands of
the particular Receiver of the Court of Augmenta-
tions of the Revenues of the Crown, in the said
County of O.t-on, for the time being. All which,
may appear by the Exemplification of the said
Decree under the Great Seal, and several other
\Vritings in our Archives in Oxford, and Canter6ury
Box there. This Rent was received down to the
taking away of Cathedrals, by the late Rebellion,
and that for many Years by the hands of Auditor
Squi6 in Lomton, who told us, That we were never
Ear O' lgistor), of ]Yallio! College 161
like to receive it more, unless we bought some of the
Lands belonging to the Church of Caner3ury, and so
got it allowed in the Purchase. To this purpose a
Sollicitor was imploy'd at lt'orcester-house, for the
Purchase of a Quit-rent of about 08 s. er armure,
upon a Mannor in A'ent, or some other such small
matter then left unsold. But since that time, I never
heard of the Sollicitor or Business : If may be that
the greediness of Purchasers went between him and
home ; for Men having devoured the whole dishes of
the Church, they were ready to fall together by the
Ears for the scraps. But how the dissolution of
Canter3ury Church, either first or last aforesaid,
should extinguish our Rent setled in maner afore-
said, restat inquirendum.' 1
The other Benefactions to the College, of about
this date, appear to bave been, ' three Tofts and one
Garden, with the appurtenances contiguous to the
House of the lXlaster and Scholars of talhol-hall,
for the enlargement of their 1Mansion,'2 given by
Hamond Haskman, and Thomas Cinlow. Also
Saucer Hall, which was given in 3 Edward III.
This Saucer Hall was sometimes called Sparrow
Hall; and, at one time, Old Balliol Hall. It was
the tenement in Horsemonger Street rented for
John de Balliol's Scholars belote the Lady Dervol-
guilla established them in St. Mary's Hall. And we
' IRalliofergus, p. 66. 2 Ibid. p. 60.
31
62 Eas4.t, Hislary a) c Ballial Callee
read that, 'that Messuage of ours in St. Giles's
Parish, together with the Land in I{Zalton-fields
thereunto belonging, was given 12 Edward 3- One
other Tenement in St. Giles's Parish was given
6 'dw. 3- A third Y[essuage and Garden in
St. Gi&s's Parish, was given 39 dw. 3- The House
and the Appurtenances in St. t)eters Parish in the
J3ayly, given by fo." J3urton Bedel of the University,
49 dw. 3- There are also six Writings tyed
together, of six Houses in St. 'bbs Parish : whereof
one was given in the Reign of dw. 3. another by
Geore Arevil B. of 'xon. The corner Tenement,
over-against Candj,ch, was given R. 2. but when
or how the Tenement adjoyning to it, which is now
the South-part of the A'atherine-wl¢el, came to be
the Colledges, I doe not find; the said Tenement
seemed to have belonged to St. Fridesweds, as being
formerly described to be on the west-part of Old
tallzoLhall. That which now is the tCatkerine-
wheel, was given us 3 R#. 2. as being described in
the Deed to be directly opposite to the East-end of
3lagdalen Church. In the saine Year also, John
Duke and jrulian his Wife, gave a Messuage and
Shop in St. Giles's Parish: so that four Messuages
were given in St. Giles's Parish, but three of them
only remain to us: whereof, unless two united and
made one since, I cannot shew a reason. And last
of all, a shop under a room beIonging to Oriel
Earl), Hzstory of Balliol College 16 3
Colledge in St. 3larys Parish, was given 8 H. 4.
which is part of Mr. Cryps's shop, late Book-seller in
the High-street. There is mention made in a Deed
without date (and therefore very ancient) of a
Messuage situate between a Tenement of the
Universities, called Old tallioLhall on the \\Test, and
a Tenement of the Master and Scholars of 17alliol-
hall, call'd Area, tallioLhall ; which Tenement stood
next to, or upon part of that ground where now
Iammouds Lodgings do stand, which have been
formerly call'd the New buildzngs.'
There is no record of what the Catherine Wheel,
here mentioned, was. But it may be assurned that
it was a small Hostel, or Inn, opposite to the east
end of St. Mary Magdalen's Church ; and that it
took its name from the fact of its near proximity
to the College, of which St. Catherine was the
Patroness.
The College Archives are rich in Royal Charters.
Among them is the Grant of the Jews' land in
Oxford, to William Burnel, from Edward I. in I"9I.
It is a small deed, fairly well written ; but the large
seal, in green wax, attached by two silk cords, is
much broken. There is, also, a Licence from
Edward I. for the land of \Villiam Burnel to be given
to Balliol College. This is a more elaborate docu-
ment, and is better written. I t commences with a
I Balliofergus, p. 6o.
64 aqg, ltisto7 of Balliol Collcge
fancy capital letter, and is ornamented with sprays of
oak leaves and acorns. The seal is quite perfect.
There is another Licence from Edward I. for
William Burnel's land to be given to the College ; but
the seal is broken. And an Inspeximus of Charters
of Burnel's lands, from Edward II. The large seal,
partly broken, is in a rhin linen wrapper, which was
probably its original cover. The date is I3t4.
iar O' Histo o, of Balliol CollTe 16 5
CHAPTER VIII.
' HITIIERTO as it nov appeares, ye scolars of this
house had each but 8da weeke allowed them and
y' noe longer than till they were Masters of Arts,
w ch degree being taken by them. they were put out
from y' allowance and noe gratuity at all giuen to
them to set them forth in ye world: soe y' dits of
them being poore & nothing to subsist on, were
either exposed to beggery, or forced to relinquish
their studyes and seek maintenance mechanically ;
w ch great inconuenience being beheld by many
& pittied, it pleased one S r Will: Felton K' in
y" 14 Ed. 3- or therabouts to giue to y" Coll:
y" Rectory of Abboldesley with y" Mannour therof
in Huntingdonshire to augment their number, &
increase their commons to I2da weeke and supply
them with bookes clothes & other neceffaryes, w ch
Rectory pope Clement 6 did not only apppriate to
ye Colledge (a competency being reserved for y"
support of y" Vicare there) but confirmed yt w«
S r XVilI: Felton had began viz y' ye fellowes of this
hose might keepe their places, notwithf'tanding
66 Eav4y lgistory of t?alliol College
they were Masters or Doctours till they had got an
ecclefiaRial benefice ; as for ye increase of ye diet and
number ye next Benefactour as it seemeth pformed.' a
So wrote Antony à "Wood.
Sir William de Felton's gift was considerable;
and it greatly augmented the growing riches of the
College. The House of Balliol was rapidly becom-
ing an important centre of learning in the University.
But a difficulty had arisen in the internal organiza-
tion of the House, a difficulty which was likely to
fall heavily upon the Scholars, and which might
prove detrimêntal to the further devdopment of the
foundation. Sir \Villiam de Felton's gift helped to
meet the exigency. The Lady Dervorguilla had
provided well, and with all solicitude, for the needs
of her Scholars ; but she had thought of them only
as Scholars, the boys whom her husband had wished
to maintain while they were studying at Oxford.
And Dervorguilla did not live long enough, after the
promulgation of her beautiful Statutes, to see the
new need arise, the necessity to give further aid to
her Scholars al'ter they became Masters in Arts. This
was a growth in the design of the House of Balliol,
which could only corne with the practical experience
of the working of the Collegiate system, and which
could only be met by the generosity of additional
Benefactors.
Antony IVood. ,ILS. in Bodleian Ia'brary.
Earlj, Hislory of gallt'ol ColIeoee j6 7
In the Archives are ver), many documents rela-
ting to Abboldesley. The first which cornes under
our notice is a rather large, very yellow, piece of
parchment, with writing on it, still quite legible, in
faded brown ink. It is a Grant, from Ralph Ridel
to the Abbot of Jeddeworth, of the advowson of
Abboldesley ; and a short paragraph at the end is the
confirmation by Malcolm, Kingof Scotland. There
does not appear to have been any seal. The date
is about 256. The next is a long, narrow, equally
yellow, and now very stiff, slip of parchment. The
Latin writing on it is in round letters, much abbre-
viated, and complicated by many flourishes. This
document tells us that' John, the Abbot of Jedde-
worth Monastery, and the Convent thereof, grant to
Sir William de Felton, Knight, for his lire, and that
of his heir, an annual pension of 3 marks, which
they have from the parish Church of Abboldesley,
xvith the right of patronage to the same. Dated at
the Monastery of Jeddeworth, on Monday after the
Feast of St. Andrew the Apostle . J34o.' The large
Abbey seal, in white wax, is in fairly good condition ;
but was never a good impression. I t is attached to
the deed by a strong parchment thong.
There is also' A Latin grant, on parchment, to
,Villiam de Felton, Knight, by King Edward the
Third, of the advowson of the Church of Albol-
desleye, hich had corne into his hands by the
168 Early t-[istory of t]alliol College
forfeiture of the Abbot of Jeddeworth [Jedburgh] ;
with permission to the said William to give the saine
to the Master and Scholars of Balliol, the Statute of
Iortmain notwithstanding. Dated the _,,h of April,
in the 4 'h year of his reign. The impression of
the great seal of England, still covered with what
was probably its original linen wrapper, is in fait
condition.' 1
There are, besides these, several different Grants,
or copies of Grants, from Sir Willialn de Felton to
Balliol College. They are, mostl),, small slips of
parchment; but each with Sir XVilliam de Felton's
seal, in brown wax, securely affixed by a broad
thong.
The appropriation of the Rectory of Abboldesley
to the College was confirmed by a letter from Pope
Clement V I. This document is, in one place, very
difficult to read ; for across itis a broad brown stain,
as if, at some time, chelnicals had been used. Some
words are almost obliterated; but the transcript
given here, though obviously faulty, is as correct as
the dark stain, and the varied contractions of the
original, will permit. The words are,--
'Clemens, Episcopus, Servus servorum Dei, ad
perpetuam rei memoriam. Scientiarum fructus, per
quos non solum anilnarum salus sed etiam tempor-
alis quietis et pacis commoda provenire noscuntur,
Hsl .|[SS. Cot. Fourl]t Report, p. 448,
Early History of Balliol Colleffe 69
augeri ubilibet affectantes, ad illa Nos promptos
libenter et favorabiles exhibemus ex quibus fructus
ipsi exuberare ac continuum, actore Domino, susci-
pere valeant incrementum. Exhibita siquidem Nobis
dilectorum filiorum universorum Clericorum et
Scholarium domus seu aulae Ballioli vulgariter nun-
cupatae, de Oxonia, Lincolniensis diocesis, ubi viget
studium generale, petitio continebat quod in dicta
aula, pia largitione et elemosina ipsius Fundatoris,
quamplures Studentes Clerici, singuli videlicet
eorundem octo denarios sterlingorum tantum singulis
septimanis ab antiquo perceperunt et percipere di-
noscuntur, et cure Magistri in Artibus facti fuerunt
extunc ab aula expelluntur eadem, ita quod in aliis
scientiis liberalibus propter ipsorum paupertatem pro-
ficere nequeunt sed interdum, studium dimittentes,
victum mechanice querere compelluntur. Quibus
dilectus filius nobilis vir \Villelmus Felton, mlles,
dictae diocesis, comparens i numerum dictorum Scho-
larium affectat in aula hujusmodi augmentari -" ac
ordinare quod Scholares ipsi libros diversarum
Facultatum habeant in communi, et quod singuli
eorum vestes sufficientes et duodecim denarios
monetae praedictae percipiant singulis septimanis, et
quod possint in dicta aula libere remanere, ac prae-
dicta intege " percipere ad quemcunque statum
Magistratus seu Doctoratus diveniant donec fuerint
Probably.- coml#aNens. : augmenlare. t'nlegre.
7 o Early t-[istory of Balliol College
competens beneficium ecclesiasticum assecuti et
extunc aulam ipsam dimittere tenebuntur quibus alii
idonei debeant surrogari, et quod idem mlles jus
patronatus Ecclesiae parochialis de Aboldesleye,
dictae diocesis, elemosinariae dictae aulae ac Clericis
et $cholaribus ejusdem procuravit et etiam acquisivit,
sperans quod sedes Apostolica Ecclesiam ipsam
onnes J sic sunt patroni eidem elemosinariae et aulae
praedictae concedere in usus proprios dignaretur.
Quare praefati Clerici, Scholares, et mlles Nobis
humiliter supplicarunt ut Ecclesiam ipsam, onnes 1
fructus, redditus, et proventus quadraginta lXlarcha-
rum sterlingorum secundum taxationem decimae
valorem annuum ut asserunt non excedunt, Schola-
ribus aulae et elemosinariae praedictis in usus
praedictos concedere, ipsamque ipsis unire perpetuo
dignaremur. Nos itaque, hujusmodi supplicationibus
inclinati, praedictam parochialem Ecclesiam cure
omnibus juribus et pertinentiis suis exnunc praefatis
Scholaribus et elemosinariis pro complendis prae-
missis in proprios usus Apostolica auctoritate conce-
dimus, illamque il»sis auctoritate praedicta connecti-
mus et unimus, ita quod, cedente vel decedente
Rectore ipsius Ecclesiae qui nunc est, vel alias
Ecclesia il»sa quovismodo vacare 2 liceat Scholaribus
aulae supradictae possessionem ipsius Ecclesiae
auctoritate propria apprehendere, ipsamque in usus
Probably.-- omnes, or cl«]l«s, written cl«i«s. .2 OE,acante.
Early History of t?alliol ColleEe 17 I
dictorum Scholarium aulae perpetuo retinere. Reser-
rata tamen et assignata perpetuo Vicario in ipsa
Ecclesia, per loci Ordinarium in ea ad praesenta-
tionem dictorum Scholarium instituendo, de ipsius
Ecclesiae fructibus, redditibus, proventibus congrua
portione ex qua dictus Vicarius congrue sustentari,
jura Episcopalia solvere, et omnia alia sibi incum-
bentia onera valeat supportare. Non obstantibus
si aliqui super provisionibus sibi faciendis de hujus-
modi Ecclesiis vel aliis beneficiis ecclesiasticis in illis
partibus speciales vel generales Nostras vel praede-
cessorum Nostrorum Romanorum Pontificum aut
Legatorum sedis Apostolicae litteras impetrarunt,
etiam si per eas ad inhibitionem, reservationem, et
decretum, vel alias quomodolibet sit processum;
quas quidem litteras et processus habitos per eas-
dem ad dictam parochialem Ecclesiam volumus non
extendi sed nullum per hoc eis quo ad assecutionem
Ecclesiarum et beneficiorum aliorum praejudicium
generari. Et quibuslibet privilegiis et litteris Apo
stolicis generalibus vel specialibus quorumcunque
tenorum existant per quae praesentibus non expressa
vel totaliter non inserta effectus praesentium impediri
valeat quomodolibet et .... ferril et de quibus
quorumcunque totis tenoribus de verbo in verbum
habenda sit in Nostris litteris mentiospecialis. Nos
enim exnunc .... decernimus et inane si secus
Probably.-- vel differri. irritum.
I72 Early History of Balliol Colleg'e
super hiis a quoquam quavis auctoritate scienter vel
ignoranter contigerit attemptari. Nulli ergo ....
hominum liceat hanc paginam Nostrae concessionis,
connexionis, unionis, voluntatis et constitutionis in-
fringere vel ci a. * temere'.., contraire. Si
quis autem hoc attemptare praesumpserit indigna-
tionem Omnipotentis Dei, et Beatorum Petri et
Pauli, Apostolorum Ejus, se noverit incursurum.
Datum apud Pontera Sorgiae, Avinionensis diocesis,
iiij kalend. Maii, Pontificatus Nostri anno primo.'
[Transfition.--Clement, Bishop, Servant of the
servants of God, for everlasting remembrance.
Knoeving well that the fruits of Science promote,
not only the salvation of souls, but the advantages
of temporal peace and quiet, it is Our desire that
they should everywhere multiply; and, therefore,
\Ve gladly shov Ourselves ready and favourable in
arrangements by whlch such fruits are likely to be-
corne abundant, and to receive at the Hand of the
Lord continuousdevelopment. A petition presented
to Us by Out beloved sons, all the Clerks and
Scholars of the House or Hall commonly called
Balliol, in Oxford, of the diocese of Lincoln, which
is the seat of an University, contained that in the
said Hall, by the pious bounty and alms of the
Founder, man)- clerical Students receive, and have
from ancient time received, to wit, each of them,
t'robably.-- ausu. "- temerario,
l?arly t-[istory of Balliol Collee 7 3
eight pence sterling a week, and no more ; and that
when they have been made Masters in Arts, they
are immediately compelled to leave the same Hall ;
and, in consequence, through poverty, they are unable
to pursue the study of the other liberal Sciences,
and are sometimes forced to quit the University, and
to seek their living in some mechanical trade. To
whom cometh Our beloved son, the noble William
Felton, of the same diocese, Knight, desiring to raise
the number of the said Scholars, and to ortier that
they should have books pertaining to the various
Faculties in common, and that each should bave
sufficient clothing, and receive twelve pence a week
of the said money ; and that they should bave liberty
to remain in the said Hall, and to receive the afore-
said in full, to whatever degree of Master or Doctor
they may reach, until they bave obtained a competent
Ecclesiastical benefice ; and then they shall be bound
to withdraw from the Hall, and other fit persons are
to be substituted in their place; and that this same
Knight has secured and acquired for the Almshouse
of the said Hall, and its Clerks and Scholars, the
right of patronage of the parish Church of Aboldes-
leye of the said diocese, in the hope that the Apo-
stolic See would deign to grant this Church (for by
this arrangement all are joint Patrons) to the afore-
said Almshouse or Hall for their own use. Where-
fore, the aforesaid Clerks, Scholars, and Knight, have
74 Early History of Balliol College
ruade Us humble supplication that We should deign
to grant and unite in perpetuity, for the uses afore-
said, this saine Church (now all the fruits, rents, and
revenues do not, they say, exceed the annual value
of forty marks sterling, according to the tithe rate)
to the Scholars, Hall, and .A_lmshouse aforesaid.
We, therefore, favourably inclining to this supplica-
tion, by Our Apostolic authority, do grant to the
aforesaid Scholars, and .A_Imshouse, the parochial
Church aforesaid, to hold henceforward with all its
rights and appurtenances to their own use, for the
recited ends; and by the authority aforesaid, \Ve
connect and unite it to them, in such wise, that, on
the retirement or decease of the present Rector of
the Church, or on its vacancy from any other cause,
it shall be lawful for the Scholars of the aforesaid
Hall to take possession of the Church by their own
authority, and to retain it in perpetuity, for the uses
of the said Scholars. With the resera.ation, how-
ever, and assignation to a perpetual Vicar, who is
to be instituted in the said Church by the Ordinary
of the diocese, on the presentation of the said
Scholars, of a suitable pension from the fruits, rents,
and revenues of the Church, by which the said Vicar
may be suitably maintained, and placed in a position
to pay the Bishop's dues, and to bear all the other
burthens incumbent on him. Notwithstanding any
Letters, whether special or general, which may have
Early Histor), of talliol College 7 5
been obtained by any persons, either from Us or Our
predecessors, the Roman Pontiffs, or from Legates
of the Apostolic Sec, with regard to provisions to
be ruade for them from Churches of this kind,
or other Ecclesiastical benefices in those regions,
even if by their means they bave corne to inhibition,
reservation, judgment, or any other process what-
soever. I t is Our will that such Letters, or the
processes taken in virtue of them, shall hot extend
to the said parish Church, yet so that hereby no
prejudice accrue to them as regards obtaining other
Churches and benefices. And notwithstanding any
privileges or Letters Apostolic, general or special,
whatever may be their tenor, by which, through
their hot being expressed or recited at length in
these presents, the effect of these presents might be
anywise impeded .... and of which, and of whose
entire tenors, word for word, special mention should
by rights be ruade in Our Letters. For We decree
that henceforth .... whatever contrary may be
attempted in these matters by any one, on whatever
authority, whether with knowledge or ignorantly.
Let it hot, therefore, be lawful for any man to infringe
or rashly oppose this page of Our concession, con-
nection, union, will, and constitution. Should any
one bave the presumption to attempt it, let him be
sure he will incur the indignation of Almighty God,
and of blessed Peter and Paul, His Apostles. Given
176 Earl3, Histor, of ]?alliol Collee
at Pont de Sorgues, in the diocese of Avignon. April
28. In the first year of Our Pontificate.-I
It would be interesting if we could find, in the
Vatican Archives, the petition which was sent from
Dervorguilla's 'poor Scholars' to the Holy Father,
asking him, in his universal care for his children, to
make secure to them and to their House the increase
of income, which was being given to them. 1 That
petition must bave explained the need of the Scholars
to remain for longer time in the House ; and their
want of money, for their support, while studying the
other Sciences. It spoke, doubtless, as did most of
the early letters about the College, of ' the alms given
by the devoutness of the Founder, Sir John de
Balliol.' And then it pleaded that the Scholars'
share in those alms did not admit of their getting
some necessary books, nor did it enable them to meet
some of the expenses, which would fall upon them
when they became Masters in Arts. The worn and
shabby Scholars' coats would not last for ever ; and
Scholars round it hard to relinquish studies, and take
up trades. To-day we can smile at the thought of
such poverty. To-day, the story of the struggling
blr. Bass lIullinger states that this Licence was obtained from
the Pope by John X, Vyclif, in 36 ; and quotes it as an instance of
Wyclif's efforts on behalf of the Secular Clergy at Oxford. (Universitjz
of Cambridge, vol. i. p. 264.) But Pope Clement VI. sent the letter
to the College in 342 ; and John Wyclif was not lIaster of Balliol
until nearl' twenty years after that date.
Earlj, tïristory of 2allio! College t 7 7
lire of the poor Oxford Scholar is like a strange tale
told to the incredulous. At Pont de Sorgues, near to
Avignon, the petition was read, and thought over;
and there the wise and kind answer, from the ' Ser-
vant of the servants of God,' was dictated. The
Pope's reply seems to tell us almost the words of the
Scholars' petition. He speaks to his ' beloved sons'
about the advantages of the studies they wish to
pursue ; and he decides that they must have books
pertaining to the various Faculties, and that they
should have sufficient clothing; and he speaks of
their House by the homely and honourable name
of Almshouse. Nor does the Letter forget other
questions, about a just and fair arrangement for the
Priest, who was to have charge of the Church at
Abboldesley.
Fatherly care met with filial obedience. There
are, in one of the documents relating to Abboldesley,
minute details of a composition made for the Vicar,
by John Synwell, Bishop of Lincoln, in I36I. From
it we learn, among other things,--
' In primis, videlicet, quod idem Vicarius habeat
sexaginta acras terrarum dominicarum ipsius eccle-
siae, ac omnes et omnimodas decimas, minores obla-
tiones quascunque et cujuscunque generis fuerint,
necnon mortuaria viva et mortua, decimas molendin-
orum et quicquid ad alteragium dictae ecclesiae de
jure vel consuetudine noscitur pertinere. Percipiat
N
I 7 8 larly History of Balliol Collee
insuper idem Vicarius et habeat de Clericis seu Scho-
laribus praedictis annuatim pensionem sexaginta soli-
dorum sterlingorum in supplementum portionis suae
in festo Sancti Michaelis Archangeli apud Abbotesley
annis singulis persolvendorum. Exhibeant insuper et
tradant iidem Clerici seu Scholares praefato Vicario
infra annum a tempore confectionis praesentium con-
tinue munerandum unum mansum competentem in
eadem villa cum una aula, una camera, una coquina,
uno stabulo et una grangia sumptibus dictorum
Scholarium nostro arbitrio aedificandum, decimis
blandorum et feni et residua parte terrarum domini-
carum illius ecclesiae dictis Clericis reservatis. Iidem
vero Clerici cancellum illius ecclesiae et fenestras
ejusdem quotiens indiguerint cooperiant, construant
et reficiant ac reparent seu suis sumptibus faciant
congrue reparari ac solvant procurationes Archidia-
coni dicti loci. Praefatus quoque Vicarius vestimenta
ornamenta ac libros ejusdem ecclesiae ipsius sumpti-
bus propriis reparet reficiat seu faciat reparari, Syno-
dalia persolvat panem, vinum pro sacramento altaris,
thus, ciramen et cirpos pro ecclesia et lumen in
cancello, et solvat decimam et procurationem Car-
dinalium et aliorum nunciorum Apostolicorum pro
rata taxa portionis suae, et ministret.'
[Translations.--Firstly, to wit, that the said
Vicar shall have sixty acres of Church lands, apper-
taining to the said Church ; and all and every kind
iEarly History of Balliol College 79
of tithes, lesser offerings whatsoever, and of what-
ever kind they may be; as well as burial fees, in
kind or in specie, tithes of grist, and whatsoever by
right, or by custom, is known to belong to the
revenue of the said Church. lXIoreover, the said
Vicar shall receive and bave, from the said Scholars,
an annual pension of sixty pence sterling, to make
up his dues at the Feast of St. Michael the Arch-
angel, at Abboldesley; to be paid each year.
Moreover, the said Clerics or Scholars shall present
and give to the aforesaid Vicar, within a year from
the drawing up of these presents, one suitable
dwelling, always to be kept furnished, in the said
Village, with one reception room, one sleeping
chamber, one kitchen, one stable, and one granary,
to be built at the expense of the said Scholars, to
our satisfaction: tithes of corn and hay, and the
remaining portion of the Church lands of the said
Church, being reserved unto the said Clerics. And
the said Clerics shall rogf, construct, renew and
repair the chancel of the said Church, and the
windows as often as need shall be ; or at their own
expense shall cause them to be suitably repaired.
And they shall pay the fees of the Archdeacon of
the said place. The aforesaid Vicar, at lais own
expense, shall renew and repair, or cause to be
repaired, the vestments, ornaments, and books of
the said Church ; he shall pay the dues decreed by
I80 Eal"l.,1] t-Iislory of talliol Collee
Synods, and shall provide bread, wine, for the
Sacrament of the Altar, incense, wax, and rushes,
for the Church, and a light in the Sanctuary ; and
shall pay tithes, and processes of Cardinals, and of
other Nuncios, according to the rate fixed for his
income, and shall do service.]
' About ye same time yt St W: Feltons gift was
one S Philippe Someruile Lord of ye mannour of
\Vichnor in staffordshire became a_ considerable
Benefactour by giuing y" church of Mikell Benton
with lands in yt parish in y" Dioceff of Durham &
y" County of Northumberland for y" maintenance of
6 Scolars aboue y antient number of 16 fellowes y
had bin before in ye house, and because they should
be all under one gouornment, & not be altogeather
confined to Deruorgills statutes he was pleased to
proceede soe farre as to giue them a new body of
Statutes, (much croffing those of y said Deruor-
gille).' 1
Sir Philip de Somervyle distinctly states that it
was not his ' intention to destroy the ancient founda-
tion, or the laws or Statures of the earlier Founders,
but rather to confirm them.' And he further adds,
that the Scholars shall hOt be bound to observe
anything in his Ordinance, which might be contrary
to the existing Statutes. Therefore, Antony à
Wood's statement about the ' new body of Statutes,
Antony à IUood. 11I: in Bodleian ]_J'brao,.
Early Hislorj, of Balliol College 8
(much croffing those of y" said Deruorgille),' is
questionable; unless we take the brackets, which
separate the words from the context, to imply a
doubt, in his mind, on the subject. Sir Philip de
Somervyle, like Sir William de Felton, wished, hot
to put aside the Lady Dervorguilla's Statutes and
Ordinances; but only to add to them the new
regulations, which the grmving wealth, and the
requirements of the House of Balliol, and the
increase of the number of the Scholars, made
necessary.
The Statutes of Sir Philip de Somervyle have,
like many other documents in the College Archives,
their own special and great points of interest. They
bear witness to the importance of Dervorguilla's
' House of the Scholars of Balliol.' The House
must have earned some reputation in the University.
It was taking its place, and doing its work, in the
intellectual world. It was fulfilling its purpose;
helping poor Scholars; uniting, under a common
name, those who were eager to devote themselves
to study, and who recognized, even in those early
days, the peculiar advantages of the Collegiate
system. Such an House attracted the attention of
the rich and the generous, who wished to contribute
to the good work begun, and who were proud to
associate their names with such a foundation. Sir
William de Felton, and Sir Philip de Somervyle,
82 Early ttistory of Balliol Collee
were liberal Benefactors. And their gifts, freely
and charitably bestowed, strengthened and for-
tified Dervorguilla's work; and were like seals of
approbation, affixed by time, to her foundation
deeds.
Dervorguilla's Statutes are instinct with tender
solicitude for her Scholars, and that spirit of self-
reliance which she wished her House to maintain.
In Sir Philip de Somervyle's Statutes we trace the
saine thoughtfulness, and firmness. Edward, King
of Scotland, gave his naine to the new Statutes.
Edvard had experienced strange and sad vicissi-
tudes. He had seen his father a King ; and then,
vithout cause, disgraced. He remembered his own
early imprisonment, with his father ; and his banished
life, when a boy, in France. Still fresh in his
memory was his recall to England, and to Scotland.
Around him, he saw the sad dying of all his family ;
the miserable state of his kingdom, the instability of
his subjects, the uncertainty of his throne ; perplexi-
ties and troubles everywhere. But one good work
was growing steadily ; and he vas asked to add his
naine to the House, which was to be a lasting
memorial to his family. Many dira memories grew
vivid again, as he thought of the House at Oxford ;
recollections of his childhood, household names, and
home traditions. In the midst of all that was sad
and drear, one proud day came; when, in his name,
Early History of talliol College 83
and with his sanction, Sir Philip helped to perpe-
tuate Dervorguilla's work.
Sir Philip de Somervyle's Statutes preserve to
us the name of Edward, King of the Scots; and
also the naine, so honoured by all lovers of books
and Libraries, of Richard de Bury, Bishop of
Durham. When a certain number of Monks, from
the Benedictine Monastery at Durham, came to
Oxford, and established themselves near to Balliol
College, Bishop Richard greatly helped them, gave
them books, and, to some extent, endowed their
House. And when he died, in 345, he left to the
Benedictine Monks of Durham, at Oxford, all his
books. It was a munificent gift. We discern, in
Sir Philip's new Statutes, the influence of Bishop
Richard. As Dervorguilla had wished Brother
Richard de Slikeburne, and, after him, other
Franciscans, to bave some control, and a certain
discretionary power over the affairs of her House ;
so, in the new Statutes, the Prior of the Benedic-
tines was to bave, and to exercise, much the same
kind of authority and influence. \Ve have read how
the Balliol Scholars pleaded to the Pope their need
of more books; and the thought cornes, that they
must have seen the beautiful volumes which were
already in the Library of the Durham Monks,
perhaps often used them, and so the desire for more
books originated, and grew. Bishop Richard's
I84 Early History of Balliol Collee
influence was at work in Oxford, and had a part in
the Scholars' petition.
Sir Philip de Somervyle's Statures are written in
very contracted Latin, on one large sheet of parch-
ment. The writing is diminutive; and the ink bas
much faded. The parchment bas been kept folded
to a small size, and the many folds bave added to
the difficulty of reading some words. To this docu-
ment is attached, by a long parchment thong, the
seal of Sir Philip. It is in dark green wax ; a rather
large seal, in fairly good preservation. These
Statutes are given at length in Balliofi'Tus; but
bave been badly copied from the original. There
are man)" obvious mistakes in the Latin of the
transcript; and very man)" printer's errors. The
following is a full translation.--
' Edward, by the Grace of God, King of Scot-
land, Founder of the original foundation of the
Master and Scholars of the Hall or House of Balliol,
in Oxford, to all and each to whom these presents
shall corne, Salvation in the Arms of the Saviour.
\Ve bave seen the Charter of Sir Philip de
Somervyle, Lord of \Vichnore, Knight, and the
Statures contained in the said Charter, concerning
the Master and Scholars of the Hall or House of
Balliol, in Oxford, bearing the seals of the Lord
Richard, late Bishop of Durham, of blessed memory,
and of the Venerable Religious, the Lords, the
Early History of Balliol Çollee 8
Prior and Chapter of Durham, and of the Reverend
and discreet Lord Chancellor of the University of
Oxford. and of the Master and Scholars of the Hall
or House of Balliol, in Oxford, likewise the seal of
the said Sir Philip de Somervyle; and bave caused
them to be read aloud in our presence, in the follow-
ing form of words.--
' In the Naine of the Most Holy and Undivided
Trinity, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost,
and of the Glorious Virgin Mary, and of the Blessed
Virgin and Martyr, Catherine, and of all the Saints,
I, Philip de Somervyle, trusting to the goodness of
the Supreme Author of ail goods and possessions,
and confidently relying upon the Grace of the Same,
Who disposes and directs the wishes of men to a
good end, according to His Will; and being often
exercised in mind, pondering whether I could do
aught for the Honour of His Naine, in return for the
abundance which He bas granted me in this lire;
I have granted, as a free gift, the advowson of
the Church of Mickle-Benton, in the county of
Northumberland, and in the diocese of Durham,
together with two plough-lands' of arable land, and
twenty acres of meadow, in the fields of the same
City, to the Master and Scholars of the House of
Balliol, in Oxford, and their successors, for the
t ' As much as two ploughs will till in a year.' «Vote in Ballio-
fergus, p. 37.
I86 Early Histor-), of Balliol College
augmentation of the number of Scholars, and the
sustenance of the same in perpetuity, and for the
salvation of my soul, and the soul of my beloved
wife, lIargaret, and for the Honour and Glory of
our Lord, Jesus Christ, and Saint Catherine, Virgin
and BIartyr. And this Grant I approve, ratify, and
confirm, of my own free will, and after due delibera-
tion, and I ordain that it shall remain in the hands
of the same Iaster and Scholars in perpetuity,
subject to the forms and conditions hereinafter
written, which are strictly to be observed, if God be
willing, in the matter both of persons and of rules.
Therefore do I ordain as follows, with the full
consent of the aforesaid Master and Scholars.--
' That, in addition to the sixteen Fellows elected
according to the ancient usages of the Fellows of
the said House, supported by the means at present
in its possession, six Scholars be chosen henceforth
by the Fellows of the said House, who shall study
Arts. And in their election or admission to board
and lodging, those shall have the preference who
come from places nearest to the place where the
aforesaid property, granted by me to the said House,
is sltuate ; provided that in them, or some of them,
be found the conditions mentioned in former
Orctinances; namely, that they excel in poverty,
ability, and manners.
'And there shall be a Superior, dwelling in the
larly History of Balliol College I87
said House, who shall always be called by the narne
of Master, a man circurnspect in rnatters spiritual
and temporal, who shall be set over the Scholars
that dwell in the House itself, and the lIinisters of
the Altar, and ail other officers or servants, what-
ever place or title they hold, appointed for the ex-
ternal or internal administration or management;
and all Scholars, as well as Ministers of the Altar,
officers and other servants whatsoever, shall obey
hirn and give heed to hirn as their Superior, in those
things which concern their duties. Concerning the
conditions of his entering on office, his election or
his deposition, and all other things regarding hirn, I
desire that those rules be strictly observed, which
are hereafter laid down on this head. And I desire
and order that, frorn the nurnber of the Scholars of
the aforesaid House, there be chosen, after the
rnanner below laid down, six Fellows who shall bave
been Regents in the Faculty of Arts, who shall
attend the Schools in the Faculty of Theology ; they
shall be perrnitted also to study other Faculties, in
the Vacations; and they shall, for the space of at
least two years, be instructed in decrees and
decretals.
' I also order that the election of a permanent
BIaster take place after the following rnanner. All
the Fellows in residence, and those absent from just
and necessary cause, provided that they can corne
88 Early History of Balliol ColIee
without very great difficulty, shall be assembled.
The Principal, or he who supplies his place, shall
enjoin on each and all most faithfully to do what
may be best for the House; they shall choose
two Masters in Arts, who shall sit in scrutiny with
the Principal. or him who fills his place. And they,
being elected by common consent, shall take a
Corporal oath before him who is senior in the
House according to standing; and the Principal
shall, in his own person, take the saine oath before
the saine senior, that he has not induced, and will hot
induce, any one by any means whatsoever against
his own free will to speak for any man in the
election of a Master. And every Fellow of the
House shall, on the strength of his own oath, be
strictly charged by the saine senior to observe this
oath. Also, they shall each and ail swear, touching
the Holy Gospels, in the presence of ail the Fellows,
that they will faithfully, and without any respect of
persons, and with no consideration of past or future
reward, speak for him whom they know to bave
most knowledge, most ability, and most zeal for
advancing the affairs of the House. Hereafter the
Principal, and the two elected by common consent.
shall sit in secret and faithfully receive the votes of
each, and write them down; they shall faithfully
declare him elected Master, for whom a majority of
the votes are given. And if it happen that some
larly Hislory of Balliol College I8 9
receive an equal number of rotes, he who is chosen
by the senior part of the Community shall be elected
Master. And I ordain that one part shall be called
senior, according to pre-eminence in learning, and
longer standing in the House, and the like matters,
according to which one man is counted senior to
another in a College, or one part of it to another.
.A.fter the election, the Principal, or the senior
according to standing in the House, shall cause the
iaster to swear before all that he will observe
faithfully the Statutes and Ordinances laid down by
me. .A.Iso I desire and order that the lIaster so
elected shall be sent to my lIanor of \Vichnore,
with a letter certifying his election, before entering
upon his office, and shall call upon the Lord of the
said Manor for the time being, if at that time there
be a Lord of the said IIanor, of my blood, and
explain to him the reason of his coming: and the
said Lord of that lanor shall take no exception to
the form of election, or the person elected, nor make
any kind of objection; but shall receive him as
Master of the said House. But if the Lord of the
Ianor be hot there present, it shall suffice if he
present himself to him who is in charge of the said
llanor, and explain to him the reason of his coming.
And if it chance that my inheritance be divided
among my sisters, he shall present himself to the
elder sister, or her heirs (provided that they be of
9o Early Histor), of Balliol College
my blood), at the said Manor of Wichnore, under
the form already prescribed. And the said Master,
when he returns from the said Manor to Oxford,
shall be presented by the Principal and one senior,
or by two seniors, to the Chancellor of the Univer-
sit)" for the time being, or to his representative ; and
to the Prior, or \Varden, of the Monks of Durham,
studying at Oxford, who is the deputy there
appointed by the Lord Prior of the Monks of
Durham ; and to two Masters belonging to other
Colleges, who shall be present at the presentation.
They shall make no objection, but confirm every-
thing done; and he shall take a Corporal oath
before them, faithfully to observe the Ordinances
and Constitutions laid down by the said Sir Philip,
vith the consent of the said Scholars ; and he shall
take the same oath at the Manor of \Vichnore,
before the Lord of the said Manor, if at the time of
his presentation the said Lord be present ; and if the
Chancellor, or his representative, or the said Prior,
or \Varden, of the Monks, or the said two Masters,
fail to attend to this matter, or in any other way
refuse to carry out the said confirmation, he shall be
considered to have been confirmed by the mere fact
of being thus elected, and afterwards presented to
the said persons. And the saine form shall be
accurately observed concerning the admission of any
member of the said House elected to study
Early History of Balliol Collee 191
Theology, and his reception by the said Chancellor
or his representative, and the aforesaid Prior or
Guardian of the Monks, and the said two Masters.
'And let this be specially observed in the said
House, that concerning them who are tobe elected
to study Theology, great caution be exercised lest
any be elected save those who are upright, pure,
peaceful, humble, having ability for the pursuit of
learning, and a desire to make progress. And I
ordain that they be elected by the Community of the
Fellows, after the following manner, provided that
they have been Regent in Arts. The Master shall
assemble the Community of the said House, and
after administering to them the Sacrament of the
Lord, shall strictly enjoin upon them faithfully and
without respect of persons, and putting aside all
favour and affection, to elect some one or more to
study the said Faculty, whom from experience they
know tobe likely to make progress therein, and to
be most able, and of good manners. And that one,
or those who receive the votes of the majority, shall
be elected to attend the Schools in Theology. And
if it chance that some of those tobe elected receive
an equal number of votes, the senior according to
standing in the House, shall be preferred. And
that one, or those elected to study Theology, shall
in the sixth year of their attendance of the Schools,
bring forward theses, and for one year, or two if it
92 Early History of Balliol College
seem that his doing sois of profit to the Community,
and in the ninth or tenth year he shall lecture on a
book of Sentences, and in the twelfth or thirteenth
year he shall begin to teach in the said Faculty,
unless he be hindered by legitimate or honourable
cause. .-nd the Master shall attend the Schools in
any Faculty that he will.
'So also the number of the Scholars to be
elected to the said House, as aforesaid, and
supported by the income given by me. .And of
these each shall receive eleven pence from the hands
of his .XIaster, or of those who are deputed to
receive and expend the revenues of the said House,
provided that the allowance of each of the Fellows
in the said House, supported by other revenue, be
raised to eleven pence by the aforesaid revenues
granted by. me. And in time of scarcity, the share
of each Fellow of the said House, shall, according to
the decision of the iXIaster and the Community, be
raised to fifteen pence inclusive, weekly. And I
desire that each of the said Scholars shall receive in
the weeks of the great Feasts, such as the week
of the Nativity of out Lord, and Easter week, and
the like, four pence in addition to what he was
accustomed to receive in that week formerly. The
Iaster shall have a chamber assigned to him alone,
and a boy to serve him, who according to the
Ordinance of the said Community shall receive his
arl.), Histoy of 13alliol Colle,e I93
sustenance from the common revenues. And since
it will often be necessary that strangers coming to
the said House on business be received by the
lVlaster, I order that, in the case of such strangers,
for the honour of the Community, he shall have for
himself and his guests, (if it seem expedient to him),
a table, in no way luxurious, in his own chamber, at
the common expense, and for such time only ; unless
he be compdled by sickness, or some other reason-
able cause. The said Master shall receive forty
shillings yearly for his necessary expenses, when
the revenues granted by me shall suffice for this, or
until better provision be ruade for hirn by me, or by
others, or by the Community. And I order that
the said Master shall take a Corp«,ral oath, that
every year on St.
to be assigned by
faithful account of
Margaret's day, or at some time
the Community, he will give a
his administration, and of all
goods belonging to the said House, belote the
whole Community, or some few deputed by it to
hear his rendering of account. And he shall with
all care attend to his office, externally and internally,
as the nature of the case, or the necessity of time or
place, demand ; and in every year diligently visit ail
the property belonging to the said ttouse, either in
person, or through some discreet Fellow chosen by
the Community for this purpose, if so it seem well to
the Community. And he shall estimate and value
0
94 Earl.), tIislor), of lfalIiol CollTe
thc property in each place, and faithfully enter this
estimate and valuation in the books, and being so
cntcred shall give it into the hands of the Scholars,
that thcreaftcr when his accounts are to be hcard,
thc faithfulness of these accounts may bc thc botter
att«_sted by a comptrison of these books. And whcn
the account of the Master bas been rendered in full,
if there be aliy residue from the goods of thc said
House over and above the expenses incurred by the
Community, he shall be bound within a month from
thc rendcring of his account to hand over the
residue to the Treasurer, or publicly make acknow-
ledgment of the dcbt, or in somc other way satisfy
the Community. And if there be any such residuc,
I order that a part be converted to the use of the
Fellows, and a part for the support of charges
falling on the House.
' And if it chmce that the Master be incapacitated
by a short illness, a full shtre in proportion to the
time, or some further support, sufficient and in no
way excessive, shall be granted him from the common
funds. And if an), of the other Scholars of the said
House be sick, a similar allowance shall be ruade:
them at the common expense, from that rime forward,
if they be deemed of service or necessity to thc
House. And if the sickness of the said Master be
incurable, and there be no hope of his recovery ; and
if by reason of his sickness, the Community decide
that the Master is unable to do the business of the
House, and properly to exercise the office of Master ;
then, by that fact, he shall be bound to give up his
office, and according to the prescribed form of elec-
tion, another Master shall be elected in his place;
and he shall receive some sufficient support, as the
Community shall decide, for the test of his life, at the
common expense. And if one of the said Scholars
shall surfer from an incurable disease, by reason of
which he is unable otherwise to gain his living, he
shall receive as charity nine pence weekly outside the
House, from the revenues granted by me, if he
obtains no better support elsewhere, provided always
that the means of the said House suffice for this.
Also I order and determine that every Fellow at
admission shall take a Corporal oath, that he will hot,
through himself or others, procure and knowingly
cause himself to be elected to some other College,
where the stipend is higher, in the said University.
And if it happen that he be elected to some College
of this kind, by that very fact, he shall cease to receive
a stipend from the aforesaid House. But let the
Master know that he is hOt bound to observe this
article. And every Fellow, on his admission to the
aforesaid House, shall swear that he will with all his
strength preserve and defend the rights and posses-
sions of the said House in all parts of the world, and
will faithfully labour to improve them ; and when, by
0 2
I96 Early ttistory of Balliol Collee
the Favour of God, they attain to better fortune, he
will advance them in every lawful and honourable
way, and especially by always giving help and counsel
for the defence and preservation of the rights of the
said House, and for their improvement; and that
whenever need be, he will constantly give faithful
advice to the said House, if it be asked of him. And
if the said lIaster, from patrimony, or spirituality, or
in any other way, advance to an income of the value
of forty pounds, he shall from that time no longer
perform the duties of his office, and shall be excluded
from ail advantage accruing from the said House.
And I order that the same form be observed for any
other Fellow, if in any way aforesaid his income be
raised to one hundred shillings. Also since the
industry, uprightness, and diligence of the said
lIaster are above all things necessary, and advan-
tageous, lest by his neglect (which God forbid), or
misconduct, loss or more serious danger result to the
said House, I order in addition to what bas gone
before, that when the lIaster of the said House for
the time being, be found by reason of waste of the
goods of the said House to be useless, or negli'ent
in fulfilling his office, or luxurious, or notoriously
vicious--as is below mentioned concerning the
Fellows--he shall thrice be duly warned by the
Principal, at the consent of the Community, to refrain
himself entirely from such negligence and miscon-
larly Historj, o./Ilalliol Collce T 97
duct. And if, after three warnings, he appear
incorrigible, or neglect to refrain himself from the
aforesaid offences, he shall be denounced to the
Chancellor or his representative, and to the Prior or
Warden, and to the Masters belonging to other
Colleges, af«»resaid ; and they being informed of his
wrong doings, and of the proceedings taken against
him, shall without the least delay remove him from
the office of lIaster. And if they refuse to corne for
the purpose of doing as aforesaid, or if any of them
refuse, within three days after he has been duly de-
nounced to them, it shall be lawful for the Principal
and the Community of the said House to depose a
Master of this kind from the office of Master, and
after his deposition to elect another in his place,
according to the form aforesaid. And if any of the
aforesaid Fellows commit murder, adultery, theft,
robbery, perjury, sacrilege, or simony, or an)" grave
offence, or be disgraced by some grave sin of the
flesh (which God forbid), and be likely to raise some
ver)" grave scandal in the said House ; or if an)" of
them be quarrelsome, or a frequent exciter of discord
amng the Fellows; or one who grievously strikes
the said Fellows, or, what is more, be intolerable to
the Master, or Fellows, or others in the said Society,
as being convicted of complicity with an)" of the
aforesaid offenders, either by public notoriety, or in
any other way ; a transgressor of this kind shall be
98 Farly llislor, ql: Balliol CollçÇ
entirely excluded from the House and its advantages.
Moreover, the lIaster of the said House, with the
help of two of the older and more discreet Scholars
of the said Society, shall hear, pacify, and decide,
according as it shall seem well to them, all discord
arising among the said Scholars, and all quarrels or
less serious offences, without commotion or delay,
within their own House. And if any one attend not
the Disputations of his Facuhy, or the Schools, on
lawful days, or Divine Office, as he ought ; or if he
wander idly in the City, or outside the City, at unlaw-
ful times ; or if he behave himself at all amiss at the
Disputati«»ns, at table, or on other occasions towards
the Iaster or a Fellow, by reason whereof a scandal
or evil ma)" evidently arise to the said House or
Fellows, I desire that the aforesaid Master, with those
two associates, shall chastise and correct any one
whom they find offending in any way aforesaid, and
shall impose some penalty, as the nature of the case
in their estimation reasonably demands. And if any
of them refuse to obey the Ordinance, he shall be
punished by the loss of his Commons for a fortnight.
But if such a transgressor, having thus been for the
third time corrected for his misdoings, by the Master
and those assisting him, and having been thrice
punished by the loss of his Commons, yet refuse to
refrain himself from such misdeeds, he shall be finally
expelled from the aforesaid Society, as incorrigible
arly Historj, of l]alliol ColliNe i99
and rebellious. And those expelled from the afc)re-
said House shall be denied ail benefit accruing from
it, and ail share in its advantages. Nor, being thus
ejected or removed, shall they take proceedings
against the Masters or Scholars, or any others whom
such proceedings could affect, either by bringing an
action, or by making an apl)eal or complaint, or by
demanding complete restitution, or obtaining Letters
of any Court, secular or Ecclesiastical, or using
Letters obtained from any one, or through any one,
against their aforesaid ejection. Likewise in the re-
moval of the Master, when he has bcen rcmoved for
any of the causes above mentioncd, I determine that
the saine should be observed; and let an oath be
taken to this effect by each one on his admission.
Yet that ail humanity be not denied to those who
have been ejected, as above laid down, owing to
smaller offences, and who desire to study ; if there-
after they show worthy fruits of penitence, and have
in no way caused the Master and Scholars of the
aforementioned House to be molested, by bringing
an action or making an appeal, or in any of the ways
aforesaid, on the occasion of their ejection, and if
they make an humble request, let them be admitted
afresh to the premises and to the advantages of the
House ; if in other ways the merits of an upright
life give assurance that the goods of the House will
not be expended on vain or on worthless persons :
2oo Early Hslo O' of Balliol Coll¢ge
and this may be granted as a special grace, all the
aforesaid notwithstanding, if it so seem good to the
Master and Scholars.
' I order also that no man shall be admitted a
Fellow at the request or owing to the Letters of any
Lord, and that no stipend be given to any one at the
request or owing to the Letters of any man of great
power, chargeable to the revenues granted by me.
But I decree that there be a Chaplain in the afore-
said t-touse, and shall remain there in perpetuity,
who shall be presented by me and my heirs to the
said House; and the Master and Scholars shall
make no objection to him, but receive him, provided
that he be a fit and upright person. And he shall
celebrate Mass in perpetuity for me, and for my wife,
and for the soul of Sir Roger de Somervyle, and for
the Venerable Father Richard, Lord Bishop of
Durham, and for my heirs, and parents, and the
Bcnefactors of the said House. And if he demean
himself with tolerable uprighmess and moderation
among the Scholars of the said House, and diligently
perform his office, he shall dwell in the said House
for lire, and receive in full every benefit of the House
in respect of board and lodging which one of the
said Scholars shall receive, as is above decreed. And
if he shall publicly disgrace himself, the Statutes
prescribed for the ejection of Fellows shall be most
strictly observed, as in the case of any of the Fellows,
Ear[y Hislory of Balliol Collee 2ox
concerning hls reproof, correction, and final ejection
from the said House, as well as concerningany action
on his part upon the occasion of his expulsion ; and
neither I myself, nor any of my family, nor any other,
shall make the slightest objection. And after his
ejection, or quitting of office, if my heirs do not pre-
sent another Chaplain in his place within a month of
being assured of his departure, I order that the elec-
tion of a Chaplain shall be in the hands of the said
Master and Scholars, in all such cases and in such
only ; and he being so elected shall celebrate lasses
as aforesaid. And if any Chaplain presented by me,
or hereafter to be presented by me or my heirs, or to
be elected by the said Master and Scholars, be unfit
to fulfil the said duties devolving upon him, from any
cause whatsoever, I order him to be removed from
the said House and its advantages, and another to
be put in his place, according to the form before laid
down. But let the Chaplain on every day of three
Lessons, excepting betveen Easter and Trinity Sun-
day, say Mass for me and my wife as long as we
lire, using the Mass "Salus populi," with the proper
Collect, Secret, and Postcommunion, that belong to
it. But on other Feasts, of nine Lessons or Doubles,
and also on the Feasts above excepted, he can say
Masses of other Saints according as shall seem
to him right. Yet in these, unless the Feast be a
greater Double, after the first. Collect, he shall sa¥ a
202 lï:'arly tlistorj, of tTalliol
special Collect for us, and in his private " Memento"
shall earnestly and devoutly pray for us. But if I
chance to go the way of all flesh during the lifetime
of my wife, let him, on every day of three Lessons,
sa)" a Mass of Requiem with the proper Collects and
l'laceb,» and Dirige, with a commendation, for the
health of my soul (in the form aforesaid), and of all
the f,ithful departed, always devoutly adding some
Collect for the health of my wife as long as she lives.
I{,ut when both of us have gonê the way of all flesh,
et the çIass of Requiem be very devoutly celebrated
by the aforesaid Chaplain, for us and the aforesaid
persons, and for all the Benefactors of the hereinbe-
f,)re named House, in the form aforesaid. Moreover,
every year on the anniversary of my death, let a sung
BIass of Requiem, preceded by Placebo and Dirige,
be celebrated for the health of my soul, and of all the
faithful departed. Which lIassandobsequieslet all
the Fellows for the rime being be bound to attend
pêrsonally. And as to the anniversary of my beloved
wife, 3Iargaret, let absolutely
observed. And every Chaplain
presented, by me or my heirs,
or elected, or to be elected, by
the saine form be
presented, or to be
to the said House,
the Community to
celebrate the said Offices according to the form afore-
said, shall take a Corporal oath, touching the Holy
Gospels, to observe faithfully each and all of these
regulations. Likewise shall the Chaplain swear on
Earl.), ttistor.)' of talliol Colle 20 3
his admission to the House, not to reveal to an)" man
the secrets of the House, from which scandal or
injury might arise to the said House, or to an)-
Fellow, or Fellows. Likewise, on his admission to
the House, shall he renounce in express words any
future action or legal remedy, either of Canon law, or
of customary rights, or of Common law, if owing to
his fault he be at an)" future time expelled from the
said House. Also he shall swear to observe, as far
as in him lies, all the Ordinances made by me for the
advantage and honour of the said House ; and any
other privileges of the said House. And let the said
Scholars have a sung lIass of the 131essed Virgin
on every Saturday when they have no obligation
of celebrating another sung lIass, either in the
Parish Church, or elsewhere at one of the University
Masses.
' And at this IIass in honour of the Glorious
Virgin, all the Chaplains of the College, unless they
be hindered by some lawful cause, and the other
Fellows of the said House, who are not hindered by
their Scholastic duties, or some other lawful cause
approved by the lIaster or his representative, shall
be bound to be present. And my Chaplain, or any
other Chaplain of the said House, before celebrating
this Iiass in the Chapel, shall be bound specially to
pray for me. And on every Friday when the afore-
said Antiphon is sung in the said Chapel, in the
-'o4 .arly ttisloo' of Balliol College
Graces said at table, my naine and the name of my
wife shall be mentioned by the Chaplain or one of
the Fellows of the said House, among the names of
its principal Benefactors, and special prayer shall be
ruade for us.
' Moreover be it noted that if the place of habita-
tion, or the Society of the aforesaid Scholars devot-
ing themselves to study, be transferred owing to any
causes arising, which cannot easily be enumerated,
they shall lose no advantage, right, or possession in
the afi»resaid revenues, or other things granted to
them, or hereafter to be granted to them by the pious
gift of good men; but all shall remain to them in
full. And these Ordinances, and any others here-
after to be ruade, and privileges granted to the said
House, or to be granted in future times, shall hold
good, on condition that they observe this ordinance,
in word and deed : yet shall not the College lose its
ancient name; but, as aforetime, be called the House
of Balliol. Nor is it my intention to destroy the
ancient foundation, or the laws, or Statutes of the
earlier Founders, but rather to confirm them by
these presents. And if anything be contained in
this my Ordinance contrary to the laws, Statutes, or
customs of the said Scholars, to which the said
Scholars have sworn, I do not desire the said Scho-
lars to be bound to observe any such rule, but rather
that the an.cient rule be observed not.withstanding,
Earl), His?ory of Balliol College 205
And while I have above ordered that six Scholars
be elected at the charge of the revenues granted
by me to the said House, and that every Fellow
and Chaplain receive eleven pence weekly, and the
lXIaster forty shillings in addition to his share for his
necessary expenses, at the charge of the aforesaid
revenue, and bave also ordered an increase of these
allowances, as aforesaid, yet I desire that each and all
of the aforesaid Ordinances be observed in so far
only as the means granted as a free gift by me to
the House suflîce for this. And in addition to what
bas gone before, I decree that if the revenues
here assigned to the said House, or hereafter to be
assigned to the said House by the pious gift of good
men, shall increase, the numberof Scholars devoting
themselves to the study of Theology shall be raised
as far as possible, unless other regulations be ruade
in regard to grants to be ruade in the future, by the
Donors themselves.
'And lest by any chance any of the aforesaid
Scholars hereafter pretend ignorance of these
Statutes, I order that every year, on the Feast of
St. Margaret, this writing be publicly read before ail.
Also I order, in addition to what bas gone before,
that the Prior or Warden of the Durham Monk.,,
studying at Oxford, appointed by the Prior of
Durham, shall be a Colleague of the said Chancellor,
or his representative, in all things, both in the admis-
-',o6 Early Historj' of lalliol Coll«g«
sion and in the confirmation of the Master elect ot
the House of Balliol, and in the taking of the oath
concerning the removal of the same Master, in the
case in which he is to be removed, of which matters
mention is above made, and also in the admission of
those who are elected to study the Faculty of Theo-
logy. .oElso the said Prior or \Varden shall, with
the said Chancellor or his representative, exercise all
the powers which are tobe exercised in regard to the
said Scholars, or Master elect. So also the said Prior
shall have full power with the Extraneous Masters
to whom the six Scholars (or more, if the property
bas increased), must be presented, to examine, adroit,
or reject the said Scholars, and to exercise all other
p(,wers in regard to them, which bave commonly
been exercised in past time by the said Extraneous
3Iasters concerning other Scholars of the same
Hall. I also desire, determine, and order, that the
Bishop of Durham for the time being shall have
power by all vays and means Canonical, as it
seems most expedient to him, to compel the said
Master and Scholars, upon information from the
said Prior or \Varden of the Monks of Durham,
to observe the Statutes above laid down concern-
ing the election of six Scholars and a Chaplain
at the charge of the revenues granted by me at
present, and concerning the raising of the number
of Scholars in case of the increase of the same
E«rly Hito, of B«llio/ Coll«« -o7
revenues, as aforesaid, and ¢oncerning a]] things
above dec]ared.
' And to testify to ail these things, and that they
may stand firm to all time, three instruments of like
tenor have been prepared. To each of these I have
caused to be af-fixed the seals of the Reverend
Father, Lord Richard, by the Grace of God, Bishop
of Durharn, and of the Religious, the Lord Prior
and the Chapter of Durhal-n, and of the Venerable
Lord Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and
of the aforesaid IIaster and Scholars of the Hall o
Balliol, together with myown seal. And of these
instruments, I desire, ,rder, and decree, that one
remain with the said Prior and Convent, another with
the said Ilaster and Scholars, and a third with my
heirs and assigns in perpetuity.
' And we, Richard, by the Grace of God, Bishop
of Durham, at the request of Sir Philip, and the afore-
said Iaster and Scholars, for the corroboration of
the aforesaid Statutes or Ordinances, in so far as
they are duly and Canonically framed, and so far as
they concern us, bave thought fit to af-fix out seal to
these presents, on the eighteenth day of October,
in the year of out Lord CCCXL, in out llanor of
Dukeland, without any prejudice to any of the rights,
customs, and dignity of ourselves, and of out Church
of Durham.
' And we, the Prior of the Church of Durham,
208 Ear O' Hislory of l]alliol Colleg«e
and of the Convent of the same City, at the instance
of the aforesaid Sir Philip, and the aforesaid lIaster
and Scholars, in so far as in us lies, by unanimous
consent, and by the affixing of the common seal of
the Chai)ter of Durham, do ratify, approve, and con-
firm, the aforesaid writing reasonably laid down,
ordered, and decreed, by the said Sir Philip, and
supported by the Pontifical authority of the said
Reverend Father. Given in our Chai)ter house at
Durham, on the twenty-fourth day of the month of
October, in the year of our Lord aforesaid.
' And we, the Chancellor of the aforesaid Uni-
versity, at the request of the said Sir Philip, and the
lIaster and $cholars of the House aforesaid, to
testif¥ t,» the above Ordinances, in so far as they are
lawfully and duly made, have set the seal of our
office to these presents on the morrow of the Purifi-
cation of the Blessed Virgin lIary, in the year of the
Lord aforesaid.
' Therefore, we, Edward, King of Scotland, afore-
said, Founder of the original foundation of the
Iaster and Scholars of the Hall or House of Balliol
in Oxford, do approve and ratify the said Charter,
and the Statutes therein contained, one and all, as
agreeable to law, and consonant with reason, and in
so far as in us lies, do confirm them on our own be-
half, and on behalf of our successors, notwithstanding
any Statutes, privileges, or customs to the contrar),
Earl 9, Hislory of t?alliol ColleEe 209
previously declared, granted, approved, or confirmed,
by out predecessors. And to testify to all the afore-
said we bave caused out seal to be affixed to these
presents. Given '
The document ends thus, abruptly. It seems,
from internal evidence, that this is not the original
copy of Sir Philip de Somervyle's Statutes; but
only a transcript written for the sake of adding the
naine and sanction of Edward, King of Scotland.
The original document was given to the College in
the lifetime of Bishop Richard; and had his seal,
and the other seals, affixed to it. This transcript,
wh[le giving the date of the original, bears no other
date, and has only one seal. It must have been
written after the year 345, as it speaks of' the
Lord Richard, late Bishop of Durham, of blessed
memory.'
P
21 o Early Histoy of talliol College
CHAPTER IX
' Now the Beneficies of Fillingham, Risom and
Iratlcb.3,, in the County of Lincoln, did once belong
to the Abbot and Convent of the Monastery of the
Holy Trinity at Murcnchcs [so Eacaquium is called
in a French Deed] in the Diocess of Consta,zce iv.
JVormandy, of the Order of the t?enedictines. But in
regard of the Troubles at Sea, occasioned chiefly by
the ,Vars between the two Kingdoms, the Bishop ot
Constance aforesaid, at their Inslazce, gave License
to sell the said Livings, as appears under his Seal in
\Vriting, dated Jlar: 3- 1343- And Thomas Cave
Rector of lUclwick, for the good affection he bare te
the Master and Scholars of the House of t¢alliol in
Ox0n, had left in the hands of lI/Tlliam t¢rocklesby
Clerk, IOO l. sterling, to buy these three Benefices ;
that out of the Profits thereof, in case they might be
transferred to the proper use of the said Master and
Scholars, the number of the Scholars might be
increased.'
In one drawer, in the College Archives, is the
Balliofergus, p. 52.
Early History of alliol Collee 2 t t
small bundle of parchment deeds which refer to
this gift Each bit of parchment is folded to a small
size, and they are ail tied together with the inevitable
pink tape; but the bunch of the different seals hangs
in luxuri,)us carelessness. .%orne of these seals are
extremely good. The two seals of the Benedictine
Abbey at Avranches bave been ver)" fine; but it is
dif-ficult to decide who the seated figure, holding what
appears to be a large Crucifix, is meant to represent,
as on each of the Abbey documents this seal is much
broken. The figure is well drawn. The head is
fine, and the features are distinct, in spite of the
beard. It might be St. Benedict. The other seal is
far more perfect. I t represents an Abbot, standing:
ill one hand a book, and in the other a crozier. The
vestments are beautifully traced, even to the lace
upon the alb. Another seal represents the Bishop
of Coutances. He also bas his crozier : but in his
left hand, while the right is raised in blessing. The
Bishop's cope is elaborate ; but the seal is not so
finely cut as the Abbey seal, and bas hot such deli-
cate vork about it. The three Broclesby documents
have each a small thick seal, in white wax, with very
indistinct impression : while the Licence from
Edward III. to \Villiam de Broclesby, for l?,alliol
College to receive the advowsons of the Churches,
has a magnificent royal seal, nearly perfect, preserved
in a rusty tin case. One diminutive piece of yellow
2 _ Early HisIory of tTalliol College
parchment, folded to a very small size, and with a
broken red seal attached toit, is of high value. It
concerns the gift of IOO/., from Thomas de Cave, and
the purchase of the advowsons for the benefit of the
College. The three different letters from Abbot
John of Avranches are on slips of parchment, cIearIy
written; but the writing is hot like the beautiful
writing of some other Ionastery documents. Two
of these bear the same date, and were probably
written, or at least 'signed and delivered' on the
saine day.--
'Omnibus Christi fidelibus praesens scriptum
visuris vel audituris Frater Johannes Dei pati-
entia... Abbas Monasterii Sancte Trinitatis de Ex-
aquio ordinis Sancti 3enedicti Constantiae diocesis
in Normannia et ejusdem loci Conventus salutem
in Domino. Sciatis nos unanimi consensu nostro
concessisse, dedisse et hoc scripto confirmasse dilecto
nobis \Villelmo de Broclesby, clerico, advocationes
ecclesiarum de Filyngham, I3rotelby, et Risom, in
comitatu Lincolniensi cure omnibus juribus et per-
tinentiis ad easdem advocationes spectantibus, ha-
bendas et tenendas eidem Willelmo haeredibus ac
assignatis suis cure eisdem juribus et pertinentiis suis
quibuscunque de dominis feodi illius in perpetuum.
Et nos praedicti . . Abbas et Conventus et suc-
cessores nostri warantizabimus praedicto Willelmo
haeredibus ac assignatis suis advocationes praedictas
Early History of Ba/liol Col/«ge 213
cum omnibus juribus et pertinentiis suis contra
omnes homines in perpetuum. In cujus re testi-
monium huic scripto sigilla nostra duximus oppo-
nenda. Datum in Capitulo nostro et hora ejusdem
secunda die mensis Augusti anno Domini millesimo
trescentesimo quadragesimo tertio.
' Et ego Petrus Asce, clericus, qui de Constantiae
diocesi extiti oriundus, publicus auctoritate imperiali
notarius, omnibus et singulis dura agerentur ut prae-
mittitur, loco et hora, anno, die et mense praedic-
tis, indictione undecima, Pontificatus sanctissimi in
Christo patris ac domini nostri Domini Cle-
menti. divina providentia . . Papae sexti anno
secundo praesens interfui et praesens instrumentum
manu mea propria scripsi. Et signo meo solito
signavi requisitus et rogatus in testimonium praemis-
sorum. Praesentibus" Venerabilibus et discretis viris
Domino Radulpho le lIonton, presbytero ; llagistro
\Villelmo de Kirnessale et Petro \Valteri, clericis,
testibus ad hoc vocatis specialiter et rogatis.'
[Abstract.--John, Abbot of the lIonastery of the
Holy Trinity, at Avranches, of the Order of St.
Benedict, in the diocese of Coutances, Normand)',
and the Convent thereof, grant to \Villiam de
Broclesby, Clerk, the advowsons of the Churches of
Filyngham, Brotelby, and Risom, in the county of
Lincoln, with all rights and appurtenances. Dated
in their Chapter, 2nd of August, 1343.
2 14 ]al'l..)' Hi«to3' oJ tTalliol Col/w«
Peter Asce, Clerk, of the docese of Coutances,
Notary public. Wimesses, Ralph de Monton,
Priest, Master \Villiam de Kirnessale, and Peter
\Va]teri, Clerks.]
The second is the Power of Attorney.--
' Littera attornatoria ad liberandum seisinam de
advocationibus ecclesiarum B. et F. et Rysum.
' Pateat universis per praesentes quod nos Jo-
hannes Dei patientia... Abbas Monasterii Sanctae
Trinitatis de Exaquio Ordinis Sancti Benedicti
Constantiae diocesis in Normannia et ejusdem loci
Conventus ordinavimus et constituimus dilectos nobis
Johannem de Litheare, Canonicum de Blancalanda,
Johannem Orger de Keleby, Robertum Gosson de
Keleby et Ricardum de Karleton de Lincolnia con-
junctim et divisim procuratores et attornatos nos-
tros ad liberandam plenam seisinam dilecto nobis
\Villelmo de I),roclesby, Cl«ico, de advocationibus
ecclesiarum de Filyngham, Brotelby et Risom in
comitatu Lincolniensi habendis et tenendis eidem
Willelmo haeredibus ac assignatis suis juxta for-
mare cujusdam scripti eidem \Villelmo inde per nos
confecti, rature et gratum habituri id quod iidem
Johannes, Johannes, Robertus et Ricardus, vel eorum
alter nomine nostro fecerint vel fecerit in praemissis.
In cujus rei testimonium hiis litteris sigilla nostra
duximus apponenda. Datum secunda die mensis
Early I-Zistory of t?alliol Collcge 215
Augusti anno Domini millesimo trescentesimo
quadragesimo tertio.'
[A3stract.--Power of Attorney from John, Abbot
of the Monastery of the Holy Trinity, at Avranches,
in the diocese of Normandy, and the Convent
thereof, appointing John de Litheare, Canon of
' Blanca Landa,' John Orger of Keleby, Robert
Gosson of Keleby and Richard de Karleton, of
Lincoln, their proctors and attornies, to deliver seisin
to William de Broclesby, Clerk, of the advowsons of
the Churches of Filyngham, Brotelby, and Risom, in
the county of Lincoln. Dated 2nd of August, 1343-]
There were one or two other benefactions, of
early date, which may be here briefly mentioned.
About the property at \Voodstock, belonging to the
College, Henry Savage says,--
' Although out Land at Tacklcy, and some of our
Lands at O[a r ff/'ooarstoc2 and f'olton, are anciêntly
belonging to our Colledge, and confirmed by the
Letters Patents mentioned in the former Section
[but of whose gift I do hot find] yet because other
of our Lands there [and those the greater part of
all] were bought in K. Jamcs's his Reign, I shall
mention them together in this place. The Land at
Tackley appears upon our Register, to be confirmed
to us by K. H. 8. whotook us Tenants for it. The
ancient Lands in H'oodstoc]¢ and Il'o//on, I find con-
firmed unto us by the saine K. H. 8. by the name of
2 1 6 Early Hislo' of talliol Cllege
one Messuage and one Yard Land in Old lUoodstock,
called t[eynes; one other Messuage and hall Yard
Land in O/d ll'oodslock, called/ca,«ls; and one more
Mcssuage and hall Yard Land in l["olton ; and this
done by receiving out Homage for them: but it
appears by a Survey, that 27al/iolColledge bath two
Yard Land and a hall in ll'ollon and ll'oodstoc]«,
which is hall a Yard Land more then in the Homage
is mentioned : Ail which,
have been the Lands of
and passed over by him
and man}' more, seem to
Thomas llarrow Clerk,
to divers persons joyntly,
9 H. 8. as it's recorded in out Register, by a full
recital of the I)eed it self. The other Lands of ours
in Old ll'oodstocd', are the third part of the Ccrlcs
(now vritten Sarles) bought of Thomas E.t' and
'cohs L,«cie, for 61. 6 s. 8 d. in I Jac : reputed
worth I 1. 13 s. 4 d. per annm;«, as anaongst other things
by the l)eed is exl,ressed. Scacoalcs, with other
Lands, and the test of the Sc,'les bought of ]-/ierome
Aras/z for 700 1. being part of moneys given by
J9etcr t?lmMcl, Founder of Tivcrlon School in
in the last Year of Queen liz ." upon which conside-
ration, 3 Jac : our Colledge did agree with his
Feoffees to maintain one Fellow and one Scholar for
ever, to be chosen and sent from Tiverlon School as
aforesaid, as anmngst other things may by the Com-
position appear. Before the purchase of these Lands
1 Thomas Harropp.
Early History of Balliol Coll2«e - î
of Hierome 2Vash aforesaid, he the said 2Vash was
Tenant to out other Lands, which lying intermingled
with his, a Controversie arose, which were ours ? and
which were his ? whereupon, by mutual accord of the
Colledge and him, ours were set out precisely, as
appears by a Deed to that purpose, bearing date
O(tob. I6. Anno I3 j racobL The particulars of the
Land, aftervards purchased by the Colledge of him
the said Arash, are expressed and bounded in a
Schedule annexed to our Deed of purchase, bearing
date, iVoz,«»zb: 24. following; which Lands, toge-
ther with others of the said Aash in Oht and Ar«a ,
II'oodstock and IUotton, were the Lands of lt'illia»z
Scacoal of StaJztou- ll),ard in the County of O.von,
who convey'd them to .]Iichael A'ash, by a Deed
bearing date, Octob. 9. Anno 6 Eli:. Now these
Lands thus bought of him are so small, and the
charge is so great, that the said lands were set almost
at a Rack-rent to defray it; and falling into the
hands of beggarly Tenants, the Colledge hath of late
Years, lost at least 2OO1. by them.' 1
And Henry Savage tells us about ' another Farm
of an ancienter Donation, riz. at .|Iortoz near Ta»le,
conveyed by Gco,g'e Aevil Archbishop of J'0rk, to
several Trustees, 4
Bot«let, conveyed by
to Jackel by Pg','oz,
1 Balliofi'rgus, pp. 8, 8 3.
l'd. 4. conveyed to Acz,il by
t?ot«let to Jacket, conveyed
and to _Pj'r0J« by IUolu,duu,
Probably, go Botelet by ./ca'et.
2 I8 Early Histo 7 of ]Ta/liol Coll,e
14 .'t'/..3- and so up, till we corne to Writings with-
out date.' 1
Also, in l?allioferus, we find a careful descrip-
tion of the site of some houses in London, belonging
to the College; and some interesting details about
the hist,,ry of the Farm at (3tyndon.w
' I do hot find any conveyance to the Colledge
of the Houses now leased out, one to
and the rest to the ]radshaa,cs, in St. A[aTarcts
P«tens, and ]¢ood-lanc in London : but I find several
Letters of Attorney ruade, for giving of possession
from person to person, from the rime of ti'dw. 3- to
t £'dw. 4. when lgo3cr! Aïrkam, Çtstos Rol«tl:
Canccllaric, lgichard Friston Clerk, lUilliam A/or-
/and, l'arson of St. Ah O' 'oa, London, gave power
to Ro3erl Abd)' Clerk, to give Livery and Seisin of
them to GrotTe -Aevil, Bishop of .v«/cr, and Lord
Chancellor of nxla»d, ll'illiam Bishop of /)',
ll'ilh'am LamMon, Ro3crt Lowson, and IUilliam
Ii/3y, Clerks, who, 'tis like, were Trustees for the
Colledge ( II'il]iam Lambton being then, or the saine
Year, Master) which was the way they took, it
seems, during the Wars between the Houses of
Lancastcr and }-ork, without mention ruade of the
trust, for fear of Forfeitures, I suppose, and may be
collected from the Pardons which the Colledge sued
forth under the Great Seal of K. H. 6. and K. d.
Balliofi'rgus, p. 8 5.
Ear[y History of alliol Collcg 2 t 9
4. yet in our Colledge, we have another Pardon
from K. k-'d. 6. too, which must be upon some other
account. But now for the situation of the aforesaid
Houses; it was thus described, via. between a
Tenement c,f the Colledge of the B. Virgin ,7./a O,
by Guihl-hall London on the West part, and a little
venue called St. 3[«r, Far«ts Pa/yns-lane on the East
part, and a little venue called Smiths-lane, a[ias, St.
Andrcws [-[o3erds-lane on the South, and a Tene-
ment called ]at«sd«« Rent on the North part. I
find also, that after the end of the said \\rars, John
Scgdcn Clerk, and Master, or (Gardi«mts) \Varden
of out Colledge, and (cofratrcs) Fellows, did set a
Lease of the said Houses to three Citizens of
London for 2o Years, at the Rent of four Marks
sterling, dated Amw i473. and 2 'd. 4- As for
out Farm at Odj'zgon in Ox#rdshh'c, anciently
called O0'«don , in a Deed without date: I find it by
the said Deed to have been the Land of II'i[liam I«
]ourc, Son and Heir of[ohn le t)oure, who by that
Deed convey'd it to II'illiam, the Son of jroht
&rr[ca'j'w of O0'ndom After this, riz. in the time
of 'd. 3- I find it to be l?rah«ll's Land of O/)'ud0n,
passed over to him by Strj'z'i of Otj'ndo«. After-
wards, it came to be the Land of one Saunders,
I I-{. 5" in which naine it seems to have continued
till 5- 'dw. 4. when it was conveyed by a Daughter
and Heir of Thomas Saunders, and ber Husband
22o Early History of Balliol Colle, ge
II"illiam II'cllis of Otyndon, to Nich : Bhtnt and
4gncs his XVife, who made a Release thereof to
ll'illiam A),rby of O0'ndon and Xlice his XVife,
Xr: 2o. in 3 H 7. which said A)'î4y and his
Wife, upon the saine, conveyed it to ohn usscl
Bishop of Lhtcoht, amcs S/ch/O, Dean of St.
l[artins Loudou, II'illiam ell, ll'iiam St@hyns,
John SmtTh, #hard arh«gham, ./ohn Sonth-
wood, Clerks. Bt by another Deed of Aril 7.
in the saine Year, did the said htul and his Wife
grant it to the said A),rby and his Wife, who, upon
the 9 day of the saine Moneth, convey'd it to
Ilïllzm cll, Johz Sm#h, #hard arni«gham,
John« Soztthwood, Clerks, in trust, 'ris like, for the
Colledge, lUilliam };«ll being then, or soon after,
Master of the House, whom #hard arningham
succeeded. The Conveyance is general, of all the
Messuages, Lands and Tenements, Meadows of
Pasture and Pastures, with the ppurtenances,
which were the aforesaid hmts. This said Farm
is now held by a Lease of Lives, granted to
Mbraham ll/sou, and hath been so held by him
and others time out of minde.'
One of the later gifts to the College was the
site, and some of the buildings, of a Convent in
Clerkenwell. About this benefaction Henry Savage
says,--
alliergus, pp. 72, 73.
Earl., Hislor.), of Balliol Collee 2 _
' In the 31 Year of Heu. 8. The site of the
lXlonastery of Cl«rkezwell, was setled by Act of
Parliament upon the Duke of JVolfol/';and in the
35 Year of the saine K. H. 8. it was setled, by the
consent of the Duke of JVolfol2", upon the King
again by Act of Parliament ; then in the 37 Year of
his Reign, he granted it to ll'allcr Houle.), and
John llïlliams, I'¢nights, to be held in Cat6ite.
After the death of Sir H'alter t-[cnlcj,, his \Vidow
Dame ./7[aarel Hculo,, conveyed one lXlessuage,
two Gardens, and one Cttage or little House, to
John t?ell, 7 'dz,,. 6. (wherein t?cllafterwards lived)
after this the said Lady t-[culc), marryed Thomas
teoberls Esq: The saine t?oberls sold the Sisters
House and Garden to John cll, Nov. 9- 2 and 3
Year of thil: and ç[ar),, and he the said Iobcrts
and his Lady acknowledged a Fine. This Sisters
House, and the before-mentioned 3Iessuage, with
the Appurtenances aforesaid, the saidJohu ell did
give to our Colledge, ç[arch o. 2 and 3 of Phil:
and Iar),. After the death of John ell, our
Colledge was questioned in the Exchequer for the
House, Gardens and Cottage, sold by my Lady
]enlej,, and given by John ell without Licence
(the whole Case is recited in a Copy of a Rowl out
of the Exchequer) thereupon the transgression was
pardoned by Letters Patents, Febr. . 3 and 4 of
thil: and 2'lfar.,; and the Houses by the saine
2 _ 2arl.' Histo3' of Balliol Col/ege
Letters Patents confirmed to the Colledge. But
Elizabc[h Sac]eville the Prioress being living (3
Uliz.) was thought to bave a right to the Sisters
House, which she did the same Year, Setcmb. 8.
release to the Colledge ; The bounds whereof, are
the Church on the West, JohnB«lls own H ouse,
bought as aforesaid, on the East of it, and the
Church Yard on the $outh, as appears by the Deed,
and several Leases since set by the Colledge of all
the Houses, which are also noted as being within
the Precinct of the said Monastery, not only by the
said Leases, but also by the Original Deeds.'
That short paragraph reads like one of the
many sad chapters in the history of the Reformation.
Here is not the place to discuss how the Convent
at Clerkenwell, which belonged to the Benedictine
Nuns, came into the hands of Henry \'III. The
site of the Convent, and the buildings, passed from
one person to another, until the ' $isters House,'
together with the garden and cottage, was given to
Balliol. But there were some who held that the
Prioress had still a claim to the Convent and the
grounds. This claim she released to the College.
The release is written on a small slip of parchment,
which had originally two seals attached toit, but
only one now remains. In the document the name
is Isabella Sackfeld ;not, as Henry Savage vrites,
Balliofergus, pp. 78, 79.
tFarl 9, Hislory o) c Balliol College 2 3
Elizabeth Sackville. Among the Nuns expelled
from their Convents, by Henry's Commissioners,
we read of some, who so loved their religious life,
that they could not be induced to go far from their
former homes; but chose to lire, often in great
poverty and privation, within sight of their Convent
buildings. Dame Isabella Sackfeld was one of
them. She is reported to bave kept one or two of
her Nuns near her for a long time. 1 Perhaps even
after giving up all claim to their Convent property,
the aged Prioress and her few remaining Nuns lived
together, a small remnant of Religious, clinging
still to Community life, and striving to keep their
Rule, in spite of the desolation of those days of
persecution.
The Charter of Pardon, from Philip and Iary, is
a large document; and it has been carefully pre-
served. I t is one large sheet of parchment: the
writing on it is clear; and the royal seal of Philip
and Mary, attached to it, is very perfect, though not
a very good impression.
Lastly, Henry Savage tells us about the Chapel,
called ' the new Chapel,' when he wrote of it.k
' The Chappel, caIled the new Chappel, that now
is, was built in the Reign of K. H. 8. (at the charge
of the House, assisted probably by the contribution
of Friends) for I find, that in the i3th year of the
' 14". 8. and tFnfflish 21aronasleries, F. A. Gasquet, vol. ii. p. 476.
224 Early History of Balliol Collcge
raign of H. 8. [which was about Amto 5-'.) an
Agreement was made with a lXlason of l?trford, for
the finishing of the 3 \Vindows thereof on the Quad-
rangle side, and one \Vindow of the Treasury on
the same side; the rest may be presumed to bave
been finished belote, vi. 9 H. 8. which by a
mistake in our Register is written 9 H. 8. which if
true, it were after the glazing of the \Vindows : But
how long it was, before it received its perfection
[-both for Stone-work and Lead, with the Frame that
bears it up] I cannot shew precisely: But that it
was before Am«o 1529. is evident by the date of
the glazing of the \Vindows, it being then, that
Laa,rencc StztDO,s gave the East \Vindow, which is
so fair, that the Founder of ll'adham Colledge is
said to have offered the Society 2oo 1. for it, to glaze
the East \Vindow of his Chappel, as representing in
lively Colours and exquisite Postures, the Passion,
Resurrection, and Ascension of Christ: but the
Chappel being fair, they thought hot that \Vindow
too gawdy for it; and I would they had hot thought
the Leads too heavy, I ara sure others did not, for
weaker Frames at the Schools upon which they
were laid. The South \Vindow was at the same
time glazed by Richard Stub3j,s, containing the
whole Story of the lXIartyrdom of St. A*aterine:
The next to that, was of the Gift of Dr. lVentwortk,
Fellow of this House, containing the story of
tarly ttistory of t]alliol College 225
t-[ezekiah's sickness and recovery" that opposite
thereunto, containing the story of thilii and the
Eunuch, was the saine year given by ]ickard
Alkhs Esq: of Glouceslershire, and Fellow-
Commoner of this Colledge ; about which rime, the
whole Chappel was lined and adorned with Joyners
work, at the cost of the Colledge and of many
Benefactors, one of the greatest whereof was 1Ir.
Ioibham of LitNecol, who had been of the House,
and gave One hundred pound ; in memory whereof,
his Arms engraven in \Vood, are placed over the
Screen doors of the Choir. The second best, was
Mr. Bouoehton, Sub-dean of his Majesties Chappel
Royol, who gave 5o/. so that now it gives way to
none of those of the lesser Colledges for beauty and
proportion. One of the Chappel Windows appears,
to be given by one of the Co»tons (a Knight) Sir
lt'illia»z Co»ton, of the Ancestors of the now Earl
of IVortha»ibtoz, both by his Naine and Coat of
Arms, and probably he gave towards the structure
it self- for his Charity was great, if it were answer-
able to his Piety, which his posture (with his Ladies)
wherein he is represented in the saine \Vindow,
shews to be devout. 153o.' 1
It would not be well to turn from the subject of
documents, deeds, and seals, without giving some
description of the old College seal. We cannot, as
tlallioferus, p. 77.
226 tarly t[is/ory of Ba//iol Co//ege
it were, close the door of the Balliol lluniment
Room, and leave unmentioned the seal which the
College must most prize. I t has hOt been found
attached to any of the writings quoted in this book ;
and, again, Henry Savage must be our authority.
He says,
'And upon this alteration of the Stile of the
Colledgc, a new Seal was Fabricated, with the
Image of St. Calheril«e in it, having her Sword in
one hand, her Wheel in the other, and her Crown
upon her head, with the several Coats of Arms... :
the Seal in use immediately before, being the Image
of the B. Virgin A[ao,, . sitting with a Crown
upon her head, with the Babe in her hands ..
environed with St. ICat:and all the Saints, with
this engraveur in the Ring; viz. Sçillu;;;
Domu« Bai1: s«rz'ata, saucta, pia ,ir«o. do;;;;ti tua«
da tc lrolilh;;u.' -2
' Anno 3 ° Eliz.' : Ibid. p. 81.
Ea2/y tdislory of }alh'ol Col/qe 2 2 7
CHAPTER X.
ALTIIOUGH Sir Philip de Somervyle wished that his
Statutes should in no way cross those given by the
Lady Dervorguilla, }'et it would seem that. iii some
particulars, they at least gave fise to scruples in con-
scientious minds. Or, it may be, they fbrmed a
point of contention between the Scholars who had to
leave, and the Scholars who were enabled t,) remain
in the College, after they became Masters in Arts.
In t364, Simon Sudbury, Bishop of London, vas
deputed by Pope Urban V. to enquire into these
difficulties, and to examine the Statutes ; and, if ne-
cessary, to ffame new ones, in order that the peace
and quiet of the House might be secured.
The Pope's letter to the Bishop of London,
authorizing him to act in the matter, was forwarded
by the Bishop to the College, with the request that
it might be returned to him together with copies of
the first and second Statutes, and any information
which might enable him to better understand the
points in question. As Henry Savage writes, 'The
Letters Apostolick by him with ail reverence
Q2
228 EaJ4y ]]islo O, of Balliol Collcee
received, did he send to be perused, and to be or-
dered by [: John ][elht]am Chancellour of the
University «,f Ox0n, and/-/Ch, de If«itfield Provost of
uecns ][ail in O.t'on, both Professours of Divinity,
and M r. Ra] OTum I nceptor in the Civil Law,
to be transcribed; with Command by Apostolick
Authority to send him those Letters back again
with true Cpies of the first and second Statutes,
and such further faithfull information as might en-
able him the said Bishop of London to proceed in
the premises accordingly.'
In the old Latin Register of the College is pre-
served a copy of Pope Urban's letter to Bishop
Simon. The pages of the Register which contaln
this copy are scored with many pen-marks across
them. These pen-marks, together with a short
entry, in English, at the top of page 25 of the
Register, point to ail Papal documents in the Col-
lege Archives, and the Latin Register, having been
demanded bythe Commissioners of Henry VIII.,
when they visited the College. The original deeds,
or transcripts of the originals, were probably then
taken away ; and this may account for the copies in
the Register being the only copies which now exist
in the College of the letter of Pope Urban to Bishop
Simon, the letter of Pope Julius to the Bishops of
Winchester and Carlisle, and the letter from Pope
Eugenius.
t BaIlioferus, p. 6 3.
In 1534,
Supremacy.
' Balliol
larly History of lalliol Collce 229
the College acknowledged the Royal
College [Oxford], Linc. dioc., i Aug.
534. Signcd (with protest that they do not mean
to do anything against divine law or the orthodox
faith) by Will. Whytt, toaster, and rive fellows.
Rym. 498.'
Some three years afterwards, the King, as Su-
preme Head of the Church of England, demanded
the surrender of all Papal documents. That deliver-
ing up of documents may also account for the torn
and stained condition of the Licence from Pope
Urban for Masses to be said in the College Chapel.
There was, perhaps, a tight holding of these parch-
ment deeds by some rhembers of the Collegt, who
prized the authority of Rome, and wanted to pre-
serve the records of the rights and privileges of the
College ; and a rough handing them about by the
Commissioners, who were bent on obliterating a
Pope's naine, wherever they mlght find one. The
large brown stain across the letter from Clement VI.
is as likely to have been caused through the spilling
of ink by eager Commissioners, as by the application
of gall for the sake of more easily deciphering the
writing,Dwhich, by the way, is clear and distinct
enough where the stain has not touched it. How
those two documents came to be preserved, when
1 Çalendar, L¢ll¢rs and Paficrs, lien. I "III. vol. vii., p. 439.
23o l:'arly ttistoo' of lalliol (olleye
others were taken away, we shall never learn. Pope
Urban's letter_ is interesting, as it throws light on
what the particular difficulties in the College were at
that time.
At the toi» of page 25 of the Latin Register,
nearly at the edge of the paper, is written,--
"l'he copye and presydent off bullye off the
bishoppe off tome delyveride out off the Cheste the
11 th daye off July in the -',9 t' yere off kynge henry
the VIII th hereafter folowith.'
This short entry is followed by the copy of Pope
Urban's Latin letter.--
[Trauslaliooe.] ' Urban, Bishop, Servant of the
servants of God, to his \renerable Brother, the
Bishop of London ; Greeting, and Apostolic Benedic-
tion. A petition presented to Us on behalf of Our
beloved sons, the Master and Scholars and College of
the Hall or House of Balliol, in Oxford, in the dio-
cese of Lincoln, stated that Dervorguilla de Balliol
founded the said College for the good of her soul,
endowed it with her goods, gave certain Statutes for
the Salne ; and willed that the lIaster, and each of
the Scholars of the saine College, at the rime of his
recel»tion into the same, should take a Corporal oath
to observe the said Statures. And the said peti-
tion further stated, that, among other things, these
Statutes contain a provision that none should remain
ir the said College unless they be Student.s i_n_ .Arts ;
arly tlisto O, of lalliol Collc2c 3
and that no one should reside in the said College
after he has taken the degree of Master in Arts, or of
any Faculty in Arts, except for the space of three
years only ; but should be compelled to depart from
it. And that a long rime afterwards, Philip de
Somervyle, Knight, Lord of Wichnore, considering
with pious intention that Clerks or Fellows of the
said House were compelled to leave the House after
taking the degree of Master in Arts, although they
could nowhere else obtain sustenance, with authority
from the Ordinary, procured and gave to the saine
College the Church of lIickle-Benton in the diocese
of Durham, which was in his patronage; and willed
and ordained that, from the revenues of this Church,
a fixed number of Students of Theology should
always be kept in the said House or College ; and
gave certain Statutes, to the observing of which he
willed that all these same Scholars and Clerks should
be bound by their own oath. And that these enact-
ments, though they are reasonable and useful to the
College aforesaid, and ruade, as is believed, with a
pious intention, are yet very contrary to the earlier
Statutes; and that such contrariety, in many ways,
troubles and disquiets the consciences of the Scholars
or Clerks of the said College, causes dissensions, and
acts as an incentive to quarrels. Wherefore, on
behalf of the said Master and Scholars, it was hum-
bly sought that We would deign to provide them
3 Early ttisLoy of tal/io/ College
with a timely remedy for these troubles. We, there-
fore, inclining Our car to their supplications, by the
tenor of these presents, grant to thee, Out Brother,
--of whose circumspection both in these and in other
m,tters \Ve bave, in the Lord, the fullest confidence
--full power to cause these Statures, both the first
and the second, to be laid before you, to interpret,
explain, reconcile, modify, correct, and change, to
add to or take away from them, and to make new
ones, as shall seem to you (according to the Lord,
and in equity) to be useful, and for the peace of the
College; and by Our authority to absolve the
.Master and Scholars or Clerks of the said College
from observing those of the Statutes which you have
th«mght fit to modify, correct, withdraw, or change;
and, setting aside all appeal, to restrain by the
Church's censure those who oppose or rebel. Not-
withstanding any oaths whatsoever which the said
Master, Scholars, and Clerks bave taken ; or that an
indult bas been granted to any, together or singly, by
the Apostolic Sec, that they may not be interdicted,
suspended, or excommunicated, by Letters Apostolic,
unless these make full, and express, and word for
word mention of such indult. Given at Avignon, on
the I3th day of February, in the second year of Our
Pontificate.'
The Statutes issued by Simon Sudbury are hot
n.ow in t.he Balliol /rchives, The)- could hot be
Early History of Balliol College 33
found in Henry Savage's time; and have not been
discovered since. They may have been lost; or, it
may be, they shared the fate of other documents de-
manded by the Commissioners of Henry VI I I. But
we know that those Statutes were twice corrected
by subsequent Bishops of London. The College
preserves the large, closely-written, parchment docu-
ment, which contains the corrections ruade by Robert,
Bishop of London, in I433 ; and, also, the alterations
ruade by Thomas, Bishop of London, in I477. But,
in spite of these corrections and alterations, causes of
dissatisfaction seem to have grown in the College ;
and, it would seem, another petition was sent to
Rome some twenty years after the issue of the third
code by Bishop Thomas. These petitions are the
documents we most need, to tell us what the griev-
ances in the College were ; but they are exactly the
documents we cannot quote. We can only learn
what each petition asked, by the reply sent. So, it
appears, a petition was sent to Rome at the end of
the i sth , or at the beginning of the i6th, century ;
for in the College Archives is a rough paper copy
of a letter from Pope Alexander, addressed to the
Bishops of Winchester and Norwich, asking them to
examine the different Statutes, and to enquire into
the College grievances. The writing of this paper
copy is very much, and very badly, abbreviated;
some words are denoted only by lProminent letters
34 ar O, Histo7 o.f lalliol çollege
and have to be read by the help of the context;
while other words, here and there, are quite illegible.
The Blue Book of Historical Manuscripts describes
this document as ' written about the time probably
of Henry VIII., and so abbreviated, as to be with
difficulty deciphered.' 1
Mr. Riley's opinion about the handwriting settles
the question of the date of this copy, and points to
the letter belng from Pope Alexander VI., who
reigned from i49", to i5o3.
[ Tratslalion.] ' Alexander, Bishop, Servant of
the servants of God, to Our Venerable Brothers, the
Lords Bishops of \Vinchester and Norwich, Health,
and Apostolic Benediction. The petition presented
to Us, on behalf of Our beloved sons, the Master
and Scholars of the Hall, College, or House of
Balliol, Oxford, of the diocese of Lincoln, contained
th,t Simon, of happy memory, sometime Bishop of
London, having, by virtue of Letters Apostolic to
him directed, faculty to enact Statures in the said
House, as equity might advise, and he himselfjudge
most expedient, ordained, among other things, that
as soon as a Master was elected in the said House,
the sa,ne Master should enjoin on all the Fellows
faithfully to elect two Rectors; to wit, one Friar
Minor, and another secular Master of the University
of Oxford, that is, one not belonging to the Society.
' ]-Iist. :II.Y& Coin. , l'ourth R,'orZ, p. 443,
Early Hislory of allio! Coll,¢c 2,35
And that these Rectors, so elected, should have full
authority to overlook the Scholars of the said House ;
to admit to their Society Scholars presented to them
by election of the Fellows ; to make a visitation of
the aforesaid House and Scholars, ordinarily at least
once a year, at a fitting time, or oftener if necessity
or the common good demand ; to punish offenders
against the form of the Statutes, as well for light as
for grave offences, if the Master be found negligent
or remiss in correcting lighter matters ; and totally to
expel those whom, on suit of the Fellows, they shall
find to be notably vicious. Now though this Statute
was enacted, as is believed, with a pious intention ;
nevertheless the Rectors elected under it, having no
care for the said House or College, but being abso-
lute strangers to it, often inflict grave injuries on the
Scholars of the same College or House. They harass
and disquiet them, and try to compel them to the
observance of certain ancient Statutes, which from
time immemorial have fallen into disuse; and of
others which are quite contrary to newer Statutes.
And, in fact, they have actually and un.justly expelled
from the said College some of the Scholars, on the
ground that meanwhile they did not observe the
aforesaid alleged Statutes, totally, as is main-
tained, abrogated by desuetude, and others con-
trary to newer Statures. And thus they distract
and disciuiet the study, which, by the wholesome
236 t.arly ttisto 7 of llalliol Colhe
ordinance of the Founders, the said Scholars are
obliged to pursue in Philosophy and Sacred Theo-
logy ; and they minister a kindling spark for dissen-
sion and strife, to the damage of the said House or
College. \Vherefore, on behalf of the said Master
and Fellows, humble supplication was ruade to Us,
that We would deign to provide for an opportune
remedy for them in this matter. We, therefore,
favourably inclining to these petitions, lest that which
was intended as a remedy should verge to destruc-
tion, by the tenor of these presents, do grant in the
Lord to you, in whose circumspection in these and
other matters \Ve repose in the Lord entire confi-
dence, to both jointly, and to each of you severally,
full faculty to establish the aforesaid College anew,
and to cause each and all the Statutes of the said
House to be exhibited to )'ou, or to one of you;
faculty also to interpret, declare, harmonize, moderate,
correct, and change them, and to add to them and to
take away from them, and to enact others de novo
according as, in God and in equity, you, or one of
you, shall judge expedient for the good and quiet of
the said College. Likewise faculty to absolve, by
Our authority, the Iaster and Scholars or persons of
the said College from the observance of such Statutes,
as you, or one of you, shall think fit to moderate,
correct, declare, or change ; and also faculty to coerce,
b)" Ecclesiastical censure, setting aside all appeal,
Ear O, Histoo' of 17al/iol College 237
thosewho may contradict and rebel. Notwithstand-
ing any oaths taken by the said Masters and Scholars.
Notwithstanding also if to any, either in common or
individually, an indult of the Apostolic See has been
granted, that they may not be interdicted, suspended,
or excommunicated, by Apostolic Letters, which do
not make full, express, and word for word rehearsal
of such indult.
' Given at Rome.'
There is no duplicate copy of this letter in the
Latin Register. The Pope's death, in i5o3, may
have been the reason why no steps were taken in the
matter by the two Bishops. But the question did
hot rest there. The Balliol Scholars were hot lcft
uncared for ; nor were the College grievances allowed
to remain unsettled. In r5o4, we find Pope Julius
writing, on the saine subject, to the Bishops of Win-
chester and Carlisle ; and a copy of his letter is in
the Latin Register, scored through, like the copies of
other Papal documents, with many pen-marks. The
tone and purport of it so closely resembles the last-
quoted letter, that it leaves no doubt about the
troubles, which it alludes to, in the College being
those about which the Master and Scholars had
written to Alexander VI. The fact that the Bishop
of Winchester is again one of the Bishops to whom
this letter is addressed, makes it probable that this
letter followed very soon after the other, and that the
-38 Ear O, Hislory oJ lhlliol ColAçc
Bishop of Winchester mentioned in the first letter
was the same Bishop, Richard Fox, who was re-
moved from the See of Durham to Winchester, in
5o. This gives a further clue to the time of Pope
Alexander's letter.
[Trauslation.] 'Julius, Bishop, Servant of the
servants of God, to his Venerable Brothers, the
Bishops of \Vinchester and Carlisle, Greeting, and
Apostolic Benediction. The care of the Pastoral
Office, which, notwithstanding the insufficiency of
merits, \Ve bave received from on high, and under-
taken, induces Us to listen to the supplications of
those, for whose indemnity and good We are able to
provide ; and if We see that what they ask is expe-
dient, to respond to them with timely favours.
' A petition lately presented to Us, on behalf of
Our beloved sons, the Master and Scholars of the
College, of the Hall, or House of Balliol, in the
University of Oxford, and the diocese of Lincoln,
stated that Simon, Bishop of London, of blessed
memory, by virtue of a certain Apostolic Letter,
which he asserted had been granted to him from
above, at one time decreed and ordained, among
other things, that whenever a new Master of the
Scholars of the said College was elected, he should
immediately after his election, enjoin upon ail the
Scholars or Fellows of the saine College the election
of two Rectors; viz., one of thc Order of Friars
larly History o.I: al/io/ Collez 239
blinor, and another secular Master of the said
University, hot being a member of the College
aforesaid. And that these said Rectors, thus elected,
should bave full authority over Scholars, thrusting
themselves into the said House or College; and
power to admit into the Society the Scholars elected
and presented to them by the Fellows or Scholars
aforesaid ; and once at least in each year, or more
often if necessity and the good of the Society so de-
mand, to make a visitation of the House or College
and Scholars aforesaid, to punish transgressors (,f the
form of the Statutes, as well for small as for grave
offences, and because the Master aforesaid might be
negligent or remiss in correcting the faults of the
said Scholars, and totally expelling those whom, on
the accusation of the Fellows, he should find to be of
notoriously bad character: ail which is said to be
contained more fully in the same Statutes. And that,
though this Statute and Ordinance was ruade and
put forth, as is believed, with a pious intention, yet
the said Rectors, thus elected, interfere in many
matters which do hOt pertain to them, and often
grievously wrong the Scholars of this College,
molest, and disquiet them, and even endeavour to
compel them to observe certain Statutes which are
so old that no man remembers when they were
first ruade, and have already passed into disuse ; and
also others which are a]together contrary to the new
240 Erly History of talliol College
Statutes of the said College ; and they have, on that
account, unjustly expelled de facto from the said
College certain Scholars, who, though they were
received and admitted into the said College in order
that they might apply themselves to the study of
l'hilosophy and Theology, are withdrawn from the
study of the saine. And that, on account of the
contrariety, and disuse, or non-observance of the said
Statutes put forth both by the said Simon, Bishop,
and, it may be, earlier or even later, it is necessary
for the peace and tranquillity of the Scholars afore-
raid, that the said Statutes should one and all be
revised, reformed, corrected, and amended. Where-
fore, on behalf of the present Master and Scholars
aforesaid, it was humbly sought that, of Our Apo-
stolic Beneficence, \Ve would deign to command the
aforesaîd Statutes, both the old and the new, to be
inspected, and examined, modified, corrected, and
emended ; and otherwise make timely provision for
removing the aforesaid evils. We, therefore, after
a diligent consideration of the quality of each, by
reason of the Pastoral Office entrusted to Us, desire
that burdens be imposed upon each one ccording to
his power and strength, and be hot made heavier
than he can bear; and, further, that all who wish to
become proficients in Science, should be freed from
the hindrances which prevent them from attaining
their desire ; inclining Our ear to these supplications,
Earl A, Hitor A, of 3lliol College 241
commit and entrust to you, Our Brothers, that con-
jointly, by Out own commission, you may on your
own authority, dillgently examine, and enquire into
«fil and single Statutes and Ordinances of the sLid
College, both the old and the new, as well by Simon,
the Bishop aforesaid, as by any others whatsoever,
put forth and made, and even confirmed by Apostolic
authority; and may interpret, explail, reconcile,
reform, correct, modify, change, add to or take from,
or, if necessary, altogether cancel and annul them,
and may give new ones, as you shall find to be for
the peace and tranquillity of the Master and Scholars
aforesaid, now and for the time being, and for the sta-
bility of the said College ; and ma)" cause these Sta-
tutes, thus by you reformed, corrected, or changed,
or interpreted and explained, and others newly pro-
mulgated, after their promlgation, to be observed
by the lXIaster and .%cholars aforesaid, restrain-
ilag by Ecclesiastical censure, and other remedies
of the law, appeal being postponed, any whatsoever
who oppose. For which \\re grant to yo, and to
each one of you, conjointly and separately, licence
and porter by these presents. Notwithstaladilg the
Bull of My predecessor, Pope Boniface VIII. of
happy memory, by which it is provided, among other
things, that no one be smmoned outside his City
or diocese, unless in certain excepted cases, and in
these hOt more than one day's journey from the
R
242 larly Iistory of talliol College
boundary of his diocese ; or that Judges deputed by
the Apostolic See may not presume to proceed
against any whatsoever, or to entrust their powers to
another, or others, beyond the City and diocese to
which they have been delegated ; or the 13ull ruade in
General Council concerning two days' journey, pro-
vided that no one by the authority of these presents
be called to judgment at a place distant more than
three days' journey ; and notwithstanding the Con-
stitutions and Ordinances of Oct« and Octoboni. of
blessed memory, formerly Legates of the said See in
the I,ingdom of England. or any other Apostolic,
general or special. Constitutions and Ordinances
ruade in Provincial or ynodal Councils; and not-
withstanding the Statutes and Customs confirmed
to the aforesaid, and others, of the said College
by oath. rkpostolic, or any other confirmation, even
though the said Iaster and Scholars have taken
oath to observe these things, and not to procure
Letters postolic contrary to them, from which
oath \Ve, by the saine ,postolic authority, release
them as far as concerns this saine, whatever there be
to the contrary, by the tenor of these presents ; or
that the saine lIaster and Scholars, or any others
whatsoever, conjointly or separately, bave received
an indult from the saine See that they may not be
interdicted, suspended, excommunicated, or called to
judgment outside of or beyond certain places, by
Early Hisory of Ballid Collcge 243
Letters Apostolic, unless these make full, and ex-
press, and word for word mention of such induit.
Given at St. Peter's, in Rome, on the I3th day of
August, in the year of the Incarnation of out 1.ord
5o4, and the st of Out Pontificate.'
The naine of Bishop Richard Fox is conspicuous
in the history of the Church. in the history of the
Nation, and in the histories of the Universities of
both Oxford and Cambridge. He was the 'large-
minded ecclesiastic who perceived more clearly than
many of his brethren that the Church ought to
encourage and direct the movement that had arisen
in favour of the New Learning.' As ' Prelate,
statesman, architect, soldier, herald, and diplomatist,
he appears to have combined extraordinary powers
and capacities.' e His Biographer tells us that ' to
the resolute and munificent Fox, beyond all other
men, was it due, that the mendicant Muse of Greek
literature round, on her exile from Constantinople, a
local habitation in the University of Oxford : he it
was who gave her the earliest çelcome to a new
home, and wished to give her station and dignity in
Corpus Christi College.'a And it was Bishop Fox
who was commissioned, by t,o successive Popes, to
revise the Statures of Balliol College. The new
Statutes, which he formulated for the College, are
Hist. Unir. Oxford, Max'ell Lyte, p. 4o5.
llle»wrials of Oford, Ingram. a Li_/e oJ Fo.; G. M. Ward.
244 Early isto O, of Balliol Collec
too long to be given here in full ; but some extracts
from them will be of interest. They are published in
the Statutes of the Colleges; but the Latin of that
printed copy, when compared with the manuscript
copy of Bishop Fox's Statutes, in the Balliol College
Statute Book, is found to bave some errors. There
is faulty spelling, and there are mistaken words, in
the Latin of the printed copy. The following ex-
tracts are translated from the Balliol Statute Book.--
At the beginning of the new Statutes, Bishop
Fox described the College as an human body. The
5Iaster was the head, having the rive senses : seeing,
hearing, smelling, tasting, and touching. The senior
Fellow was the neck; and the Deans were the
shoulders. And so he continued the metaphor
throughout the Statures.
[ Translation.]
' Having now determined the place and position
of the Head, that is, the Warden, we have deemed
it right to pass on to the arrangement and disposi-
tion of the remainder of the body, that pleasure
may be afforded by the beautiful harmony resulting
from the well-ordering of the vhole, and of its
several members. Firstly, we will treat of the more
important members; that is, the Fellows. And
though, in the division of the whole body at the
beginning of these Statutes, we have spoken of
Early Hslory of Balliol Collcge 25
these as ten in number, we here interpret that in
this wise; riz., that though now content with this
number, we decree that it shall be increased if, and
when, more can be conveniently maintained out of
the income, revenues, and proceeds of the College.
If, on the other hand, there shall be any very great
decrease in the revenues, we will that their number
should also decrease, in proportion. Each of these
cases, however, we leave to the judgment and
consciences of the Visitor, the Master, and the three
senior among them.
' Ail the grace and loveliness of a visible bod5 is
begotten of the beauty of its members. \Ve, there-
fore, desiring that the parts of the body shall be
beautiful, decree that those who shall in future be
elected Fellows of this College, shall be born in
lawful wedlock, of good morals, modest, sober, hot
implicated in any notable crine, or of ill repute;
devoted to study, and learning, and Students of no
Faculty other than those of Logic, Philosophy, and
Theology, according to their degree and status in
the University. (\Ve permit, however, Students of
Theology to attend lectures on. and to study, the
Canon law during the long Vacations.) That they
shall observe the Statutes and customs of the
College ; or if they violate the saine, shall with all
modesty, without disl,ute, or complaint, submit to the
246 Early Histo?, of lalliol College
punishment and correction enjoined by the saine;
shall dwell together in unity, and bring those who
are at variance to agreement ; shall give and attend
lectures, dispute, and respond, according to their
degree, in the Schools of the University ; shall be
present at the Disputations, and lectures, in the
University, which pertain to their status, and from
which they can derive profit ; shall prepare to take
degrees, according to the Statutes and customs of the
University, and of the College ; and shall, in all that
they can, act for the good of the College.
'That neither the electors, nor the candidate for
election, may urge any idle plea of ignorance, we lay
down the conditions to be observed, and determine
that, setting aside any preference of country, or
person, hatred, carnal affection, corruption, or favour,
they shall nominate and elect as Fellow one who
bas takcn the degree of Bachelor in Arts only ; and
whom they know to be the more fitting and suitable,
according to the three conditions; riz., that he is the
poorer, the better conducted, and the more profi-
cient, or vhom they at least believe to possess these
qualities in the greater degree: rejecting, as in-
eligible, any one who has a living ; or who, from a
fixed and perpetual exhibition, provision, patrimony,
Chapel, Chaplaincy, or Prebend, is able, after a fair
deduction for expenses, to spend more than forty
Early History of Balliol Col&ge "4 7
shillings a year. F, Ioreover, we add that no candi-
date may corrupt any one with a bribe, or make use
of any one's entreaties or letters ; and we decree that
any candidate procuring such letters, or knowingly
making use of any such letter procured by another,
shall be, iso recto, ineligible. This, too, we add,
that if any Scholar ofthe College be equal to a
" Stranger," in morals and learning, he shall have
preference in the election, even though he bas hot
taken the degree of Bachelor in Arts.
' Moreover, we add that every Saturday, imme-
diately after the singing of the Antiphon " Beata es
Regina coelorum," by the junior Fellow, the names
of all our original Founders and Benefactors, living
and dead, shall be recited, nor shall t-he naine of the
then Visitor be omitted. And for the living shall be
said the Psalm " Deus misereatur nostri," with the
usual Versicle and Collect ; and for the dead, the
Psalm " De profundis," with the accustomed prayers,
and the Collect " Inclina, Domine, aurem Tuam ad
preces nostras, quibus misericordiam Tuam supplices
deprecamur, ut animas fundatorum, benefactorum,
visitatorum, et cujusvis fidelium defunctorum," etc. ;
nor shall they omit the Offices of the Dead, and
Masses which they are under obligation to celebrate
on certain days, for Founders, and other Benefactors.
-'48 Eartj, Hsto')' of t?a//iol College
' That the Mistress, Theology, grow not idle
while her handmaidens, Logic and Philosophy, are
toiling, we decree that if there are in the College
three or more Fellows, who have spent a whole year
in the study of Theology, they shall once a week,
during full Terre, or at least once a fortnight,'on
Friday, have Disputations; the senior being the
,»pponent, the junior the respondent. Those who
hax'e taken the degree of Bachelor, in that Facult),
we desire to compel tobe opponents, and not
resp«mdents. X\ e will that all Students of Theo-
1,,gy shall be present thereat; but entrust the
management, as far as concerns the beginning,
end. manncr, order, and time, to the senior Student
of Theology.
'.As is the harmony of a lyre's well attuned
strings, so «mght the lire and behaviour of our
Clerks to be. Wherefore, we decree that the Fel-
lows shall conduct themselves in a seemly manner.
both within and without the College; shall hot
voluntarily, or of set purpose, by word or deed
provoke the Master, or any of the Fellows, to
anger; shall, either of themselves, or by means of
others, bring those who are at variance to agree-
ment; shall avoid factions, dissensions, and conten-
tions, which sow the seeds of discord: shall apply
themselves to virtue, and to books ; and shall incite,
Early Histo 7 of Balliol Colleoee 249
and, in any way they can, assist others in the same.
In Hall, and at table, they shall behave themselves
in a seemly manner, without clamour, or immoderate
laughter, listening attentively to the reading of the
Holy Scripture, avoiding tales and idle talk; and
discussing such things as nourish virtue and learn-
ing; using Latin only, except when they speak to
one ignorant of that language, (we allow however
the Master, or his Vicar, to give permission for the
use of the vernacular on Festivals): any one trans-
gressing this order shall be fined one farthing on
each conviction belote the Master. and his Dean.
That propriety be also preserved without the Col-
lege, the Fellows shall attend the Disputations,
ordinary lectures, and the Festival serinons, which
are preached in the Church of the Blessed Virgin
Mary, and also during Lent the Church of St. Peter
in the East, wearing their proper habits:and we
decree that any one who refuses or neglects to do so,
unless for a good reason approved, or to be ap-
proved, belote the Master, or his Vicar, his Dean,
and one Treasurer, and is in their presence convicted
of the same, shall be fined one week's Commons:
that they shall not bring into" the College friends or
guests who are an hindrance to study, or an incon-
venience to the College; any one so doing, to be
punished by deprivation of Commons, according
to the judgment of the Mastcr, or his Vicar, his
250 tarly Histo 7 of Balliol College
Dean, and one Treasurer, as to the gravity of the
offence.
' Our predecessors bave rightly determined that
some portion of Holy Scripture, or of the works of
a Doctor of the Curch, be read aloud at table
during dinner, that the ears be feasted at the same
time; and that there be something to give fise to
conversation, that it turn not to tales and idle talk.
\Vherefore, we decree that each Scholar in turn
shall, on one day in every week, read one chai»ter
of the Bible.'
2arly History of t?alliol Col&ge
CHAPTER XI.
TRANSLATION OF TIIE EARLV PORTION OF TIIE LATIN REGISTER.
OF those who are permitted to proceed to the
degree of Master in Arts.
[I574] Firslly, on the 29th day of the month of
November, in the sth year of Henry VIII., Mr.
Henry Scott, and Mr. Edmund Burton, were per-
mitted to proceed to the degree of Master in Arts,
so that they might give public lectures in School
Street, belote becoming Regent Masters. 1
[On lhe reverse o/page I.]
Know all men, by these presents, that . e in
the University of Oxford, bave by these presents,
appointed.., our beloved Mr... Babington, our
true and lawful attorneys for the re-entering .... in
our stead and naine, into our bouses in Clerkenwell,
in the County of Middlesex, and for taking full and
peaceable possession of and into out estate, on
behalf of us and of our naine, and for expelling and
1 This entry occurs on one of a few unnumbered pages at the
beginning of the book.
2 A few words are wanting in the first three lines.
2 5 2 Early His[ory of Balliol Collegc
removing thence ail persons whatsoever, tenants or
occupiers of the saine, or of any part of the saine.
We giving, and by these presents granting, to our
attorney aforesaid, full and complete power, our au-
thority, and special mandate, to make and cause the
said persons, or any one of them, to be attached and
arrested, and to produce and cause them to appear
befi»re Judges and Justices, for any unjust detention,
retention, or occupation of the aforesaid bouses, or
of any part or parcel thereof; and, further, in the
case aforesaid, in our stead and name, to raise,
af-firm, and take all and single actions, suits, decrees,
and processes lawfully sought, and necessary for the
aforesaid wrongs, against those persons, and each
c,ne of them, wherever it shall appear necessar.v, to
sue and l)rosecute them, ,-,r him, as the law permits,
in any circumstances thence arising, and to declare,
expound, and notify our aforesaid right and title
bt-f,re the Judges and Justices aforesaid, and to
cause the said persons, «,r any one of them, to be
;trrc.ted with all the rigour of the law, to be impri-
soned and condemned, to release them from prison,
and to r-cover and receive from the persons them-
selves, and from each one of them, the expenses
incurred, ¢r to be incurred, in each case, and t» give
acquittances f»r what they have received and re-
covered, and for fine and agreement, and in our naine
to make and sea] other exonerations ; and, further,
Eart'y History of 15'ah'b! Coh'cge 253
to carry out both ail and single mentioned in the
aforesaid, and such as are necessary and proper;
and in our name to do, execute, exercise, conclude,
and complete everything as fully and completdy as
we should be able, or ought to do, if we were our-
selves acting in the aforesaid ; we, by these presents,
holding, and to hold settled and agreeable, all and
whatsoever the said attorney shall do or cause to be
done in our name. In witness whereof we have
af-fixed out seal to these presents. Given, the 24th
day of October, in the I St year of the reign of Queen
Elizabeth.
[Page .] . . . exlmlsions of Masters and . . .i
On the 2oth day of the month of April, in the
year of out Lord I52I, Ir. John Peyrson volun-
tarily resigned, and left the College.
Oll the 12th da}" of the month of October, in the
saine year, lIr. Thomas Appylbe left the College.
On the ioth day of February, in the same year,
Mr. Thomas Kendal resigned.
On the 4th da}" of the month of J uly, in the year
of our Lord 15-'2, Mr. Peter Hoghton, Treasurer e
of the same College, died.
On the 4th day of the month of May, in the year
of our Lord 1528, in the presence of the lIaster and
A fev words are vanting.
" Or Bursar. The words ' Thesaurarius' and ' Bursarius'
used in the early part of this Register.
are both
254 Early History of Balliol College
all the Fellows in residence, Mr. William Bradley
resigned, having been appointed Vicar of the parish
of Saint Martin, Leicester.
[Pae ?-.] On the t xth day of May, Mr. Blun-
ston produced Gerard Plughe before Mr. Doctor
Coyolde, Mr. Brodley, Ir. Burton, and Ir. \Valter
Brown, as his surety for the repayment to the
Society of the money which he bas received, or will
receive, as is thought, wrongly, if it be proved that
our Master has rightly declared that he has ceased
to be a Fe||ov.
On the saine day, 5If. Scot produced George
Hecsaum and Thomas Iorras before the above-
mentioned four, as sureties for the repayment to the
Society of the money which he has, as we main-
tain, wrongly received, or will in future receive,
if it be proved that the saine 3Ir. Scot bas been
j ustly and rightly expelled froln the Society.
In the year of our Lord I568, and I tth of the
reign of Elizabeth, on 6th day of the month of
February.
On the year and day above-written, for a lawful
impediment, approved by the lXIaster and three
senior Fellows, in the Chapel dedicated to Saint
Catherine, Mr. Atkinson was excused from taking
Orders (in obedience to the Statute ' On promotion
1 Date hot given.
"- "I'he references in the Re#ster to the Statutes are to the Statutes
of Bishop Fox, given to the College in o7.
Eaqy History of ]3alliol College 255
to Livings') before the I9th day of the month of
February, 1570.1
[`paoees 4- 5- No entries.]
[_Pages 5- 6.] A copye off a proxye ruade the
28 tu yere off king henry the viii th.
Know, all men, by these presents, that we,
William White, S.T.B., Master of Balliol College
in Oxford, and the Fellows of the saine place, for
the under-named purpose capitularly assembled,
ordain, nominate, make, and constitute, by these
presents, our beloved in Christ, lXIr. William White
aforesaid, and, further, lXIr. \\:illiam \Vright, lXI.A.
and the Rev. David Mungumbre, Curate of our
Church of St. Lawrence, in Old Jewry, London, to
us and our aforesaid House annexed and al»pro-
priated, and Roger Barker, Layman, together, and
either of them singly and conjointly, so that there
be no better way of discharging the office but that
what one of them has begun, each one of them may
be equally competent to take up, carry Ola, and con-
clude, our true and lawful proctors, agents, and
representatives in business, and out special dele-
gates; and we give and grant to these, our saine
proctors together, and to each one of them, as
aforesaid, for himself separately, general power and
special mandate to appear on behalf of us and our
This entry has been crossed out, and put in its proper place in
the Register.
-56 Early t]is/ory oJ t'alliol Co/lege
names, and of the naine of our aforesaid Church of
Saint Laxvrence, in the presence of our most illus-
trious in Christ, Prince and Lord. Lord Henry VIII.,
by the Grace of God, King of England and France,
Defender of the Faith, Lord f Ireland. and under
Christ Supreme Head of the Church of England on
earth: or before the illustrious and most potent
Thomas Crumwell. Knight, Lord Crumwell, Keeper
,,f the l'rivy Seal of our aforesaid Lord the King,
Secretary, and in Ecclesiastical cases \'icegerent.
\'icar-General, and Chief Officer, or before a de-
puty commissioner, surrogate, or any one having
authority for the under-named from the renowned
Lord Crumwell aforesaid; and, further, to ap-
l,ear and attend before Archbishops, Bishops, and
other Judges and Ordinaries whatsoever, at all and
single visitations, congregations, and convocations
whatsoever, both of our most illustrious Prince
aforesaid, and of all other J udges aforesaid; to
make excuses for our hot attending in person, and
explain and, if need be, prove the cause and causes
of this our absence; and with their hands laid
on the Holy Scriptures to offer, take, and swear,
on our souls, thé oath of loyalty and obedience to
the said Iost Serene Royal Majesty, his heirs, and
successors, and of renunciation of the present au-
thority or jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, and
whatsoever other oaths can in that case lawfully be
]'arly ttislory of ]'alliol College - 57
required tobe taken, according to the force, ten«,r,
and effect of the Statures of this realm of England
lately promulgated in the Parliament of our said
Lord the King, held in the 28th year of his reign.
And, further, to state, and in out names promise,
that they will produce these things in writing, with
out seal and, if need be, with the subscription of our
own hands; to present and exhibit these xvritings
thus (as aforesaid) certified, at a suitable and oppor-
tune time and place, before the Içings most sacred
Majesty, or before J udges for that purpose deputed ;
to show, or seek a suitable time for showing, letters
of the appropriation of our aforesaid Church, and of
dispensations, and privileges granted to our House ;
to hear what things are tïrst proposed in the visita-
tions, and humbly to receive any canonical injunc-
tions, and to promise, on our part, faithful observ-
ance of the saine ; to carry out the business of the
aforesaid visitations to the final conclusion af the
same; further, to do what such visitations, or their
nature, quality, and office, lawfully demand and
require ; to beg that we may be dismissed from the
saine visitations, at a tïtting and proper place and
time; duly to pay the procuratùm, and accounts of
the aforesaid visitations, and acknowledge othe_r
ordinary and extraordinary expenses ; and generally
to do, exercise, and conclude, ail and single other
which, in the aforesaid, and about these, are neces-
258 Early History of ]3alliol College
sary or at ail expedient, even though they demand
a more special mandate than is expressed by these
presents. Moreover, we promise to hold for settled,
acceptable, and established for ever, everything and
whatsoever these our said proctors or any one of
them shall do, perform, effect, or transact in the
aforesaid matters, or in any one of them, under
pledge and obligation of all and single of out goods,
and thereto we by these presents pledge our faith.
In witness whereof we have attached our common
seal to these presents. Given in our aforesaid Col-
lege, on the _Sth day of the month of September,
in the year of our Lord I536.
[Page 7. No entries.]
[t)ae 8.] 514.
It is ordained, with the common consent and
assent of the Master and Fellows of Balliol College,
on the 8th day of the month of February, in the
year of the Incarnation of our Lord 1514, that if a
Fellow vacate his Fellowship, or leave the afore-
said College, whether by death, by promotion, or
from any other cause, having retained his Fellow-
ship from the Feast of St. Luke to the middle of
the year immediately following, that is, to the day of
St. A1phege, the Martyr, inclusive, he shall receive
half the usual payment. If, however, he resign his
Fellowship before the said Day of St. A1phege, the
Martyr, he shall hot be entitled to any payment
13"arly Histoy of l)'alliol Colle'ge -"59
whatever. Moreover, ifany Fellow retain his Fel-
lowship after the said day, and resign the saine
before the Feast of St. Luke, the Evangelist, he
shall be content with half the usual payment.
Moreover, seeing that the smallest uncertainty is
sometimes the occasion of grave discord, we, the said
Master and Fellows, on the aforesaid day and year,
with common consent and assent, have established
for ever, that if any Scholar of any Fellow be ren-
dered destitute by the departure of his Master from
the aforesaid College, it shall be lawful for any one
of the Fellows to take him, without any re-admission,
as his Scholar for the time determined, by the
Statutes, permission having been first obtained from
the Master, together with the consent of the two
senior Fellows, or of one of them. And if none of
the Fellows shall see fit to place him among his
company of Scholars, so that he be left destitute,
and wander like a fugitive over the earth, we permit
him, from the hope of help from afar, to provide for
himself assistance from all the goods and revenues
of out Scholars, for the space of not more than two
months.
[]3ages 9. o. I t. No entries.]
[Page I2.] Elections of Iasters and Proba-
tioner-Fellows.
On the 29th day of the month of November, in
the year of out Lord I52o, Mr. Henry Skott, and
-_60 Ea4y ttistory of Balli'ol Coilcge
lXlr. Edmund Burton were elected Probationer-
Fellows ; and on the saine day of the following year
they were elected and admitted perpetual Fellows.
On the I Tth day of the month of October, in
the year of our Lord I52I, lXIr. Thomas Kendall
was elected Probationer-Fellow, as Priest of John
Balliol.
On the "9th day of the-month of November, in
the year of our Lord 522, Walter Browne, George
Coot, and Thomas Austlyne, Bachelors in Arts,
were elected Probationer-Fellows. The saine day
of the following year, they were elected perpetual
Fellows.
On the 29th day of the month of November, in
the year of our Lord I523, Mr. Thomas Alan was
elected Probationer-Fellow of this College.
On the 23rd day of the month of May, I528 ,
during the year, 6n the Vigil of Ascension Day
(Sunday Letter, D.) 3If. Thomas Brodley was
elected Priest and Probationer-Fellow of this Col-
lege.
On the last day of the month of July, in the year
of out Lord I538, Mr. John Nowell was elected
Chaplain, in place of Mr. John Foster, promoted to
the Rectory of Standlake on the 2rst day of the
month of July, in the year of out Lord I537,
[_Pages I 3. 14. No entries.]
» Written in the Register 15o 3 ; but evidently a mistake for 1523.
Early History of Balliol College 26I
[Page I5.] Admissions of Masters and Fellows
who have passed their year of Probation.
On the ?9th day of the month of November, in
the year of our Lord 15.'21, Mr. Henry Scot, and
Mr. Edmund Burton were admitted perpetual Fel-
lows of Balliol College. 1
Mr. W. Whytte
Master of this
College.
On the .'29th day of November,
I528 , Mr. William Wryght, Mr.
William 13ayker, and Mr. John
Kytson, were elected perpetual
Fellows of Balliol College.
of out Lord i53i, a controversy
In the year
arose on the admission of the Probationer-Fellows,
in that, in counting the rotes, that of the Master
was counted as two, as is provided for in the Statute
concerning the election of a Probationer-Fellow:
which admission was, however, approved at the
visitation made by the Rev. Doctor Stubbs, the
Visitor, on the 3rd day of July, in the above-named
year, as also that this provision shall hold good both
in the election of a Probationer-Fellow, and in the
admission of the saine. And those who were named
as admitted at the same rime were Mr. Robynson,
Mr. Mychell, Mr. Park, and Mr. Clygworthe ; and,
on the same day, their admission was approved and
ratified.
[Page 16. is headed ' Leases' ; but contains only
' Repetition, in a later hand, of an entry on page I2.
26_2 Early History of Balliol College
the beginning of one. The rive following pages,
I7-2 I, have no entries.]
[Page ",2.] On the i lth day of the month of
July, in the -',9thyearof the reign of King Henry VII I,
before, and in the presence of, the Master and all
the Fellows, rive Episcopal Bulls were taken from
the Chest, tobe handed over to the King, with the
intention that certain things might be reformed by
the saine, according to the Act of Parliament. Of
these, the first was that of Urban V, Bishop of
Rome, to the Bishop of London, for the correction
and reformation of the Statures of the College, at
that rime not altogether perfect. The second, also
of the Bishop aforesaid, by which the Master and
Fellows were permitted to celebrate within their
own College. The third, that of Eugenius IV, for
the appropriation of the Church of St. Laurence, in
Old Jewr),, London. The fourth, that of Clement VI,
for the appropriation of the Church of St. Margaret,
at Abboldesley, in the county of Huntingdon, and
the diocese of Lincoln. The fifth, that of Julius II,
given for the latest reformation of our Statutes. 1
The above entry, as well as the copies of the rive Papal Bulls
which follow, have all been crossed out. Pages 23. 24. are blank
pages. Pages "5- 26. contain the copy of the Bull of Pope Urban,
which bas been already given, p. "3o. Page "7. the copy of the
second Bull of Pope Urban, given on p. 35- Page "8. given above.
Pages "--9- 3o. contain the copy of the Bull of Pope Clement, given on
p. I68. Page 32. is blank. Pages 3 I. 34. 35. contain the copy of the
Bull of Pope Julius, given on p. "38.
arly History of Balliol College 263
[.Page 28.] Eugenius, Bishop, Servant of the
servants of God, to Our beloved sons, the Priors of
the Priories of St. Bartholomew, near Smithefelde,
and of Chrichirche, 1 London, and to Thomas Warde,
Canon of London, Greeting, and Apostolic Benedic-
tion. The just and honourable requests of suppli-
ants We willingly grant, and respond to with timely
favours. A petition lately presented to Us, on
behalf of Our beloved sons, the Master and Fellows
or Scholars, of Balliol College (as it is called), in the
University of Oxford, and the diocese of Lincoln,
and Robert Rok, perpetual Vicar of the parish
Church of St. Laurence, in Jewry, in the City of
London, stated that formerl), the 1Master and Fellows
or Scholars aforesaid, and Richard Collinger, per-
petual Vicar of the same Church, proceeded against
Ourbeloved son, John Hertwell . . of the parish
of the said Church, which, canonically united and
joined to the same College, the lIaster and Fellows
or Scholars held, and now hold, for the use of their
Society, by reason of his delay, he being lawfully
bound to make certain oblations then named on
certain days also then named, to the said llaster and
Fellows or Scholars, on account of the said Church ;
they petitioning that he be pronounced and declared
bound to make these same oblations ; and, further,
be condemned and compelled to give them in the
' Nic. A few words are wanting here.
264 Ea'lj, t]istory of galliol College
presence of Our beloved son, the Officer of London,
without any Apostolic delegation. And the said
Officer, proceeding in that marrer legitimately, and
in accordance with the ordinances of law, pronounced
a definitive sentence in favour of the Master and
FeIIows or Scholars aforesaid, and against the said
John, and condemned him in the legitimate costs of
the said suit. reserving to himself the future taxation
of the saine. In the interim the aforesaid Richard
died, and Robert obtained and now holds thê per-
petual Vicarship of the said Church. \Vherefore,
on behalf of the Master and Fellows or Scholars,
and of Robert aforesaid, who asserted that, as no
appeal was pending, the sentence became olle of an
adjudicated case, it was humbly sought that We
would pronounce the saine sentence to be valid. We,
therefi»re, inclining Our ear to these supplications,
entrust to your discretion, by Out Apostolic \Vritings,
that you, or two, or one of you, may by your
authority cause the said sentence to be enforced, as
it was justly pronounced, setting aside all appeal.
Notwithstanding any indult which the said John or
any others, together or singly, have received from
the Apostolic See, that they may not be interdicted,
suspended, or excommunicated by Letters Apostolic,
unless these make full, express, and word for word
mention of such indult.
Given at St. Peter's, in Rome, on the sth day
tFarly History of talliol College _'265
of July, in the year of the Incarnation of out Lord
I446, and the i6th of Our Pontificate.
[Page 33.] To all believers in Christ, to whom
the present writing may corne, Richard Stubbs,
Master or Warden of Balliol College, in the Uni-
versity of Oxford, and the Fellows of the saine,
Eternal Health in the Lord. Though the law of
Divine Charity binds us, and makes us debtors to
all believers in Christ in general, yet more espêcially
are we bound to those who show that they have a
feeling of grêater devotion to us, and to our College.
Wherefore, on account of the merits of the pious
devotion, which the Venerable Mr. Robert Aschum
has, by his most munificent gifts, shown that he
bears towards out College, though he asked nothing
of us, but rather kept before his eyes the thing
which was itself to plead for him; we, the said
Master and Scholars, hOt unmindful of the benefits
he bas bestowed upon us, on behalf of ourselves,
and of our successors, as far as in us lies, grant to
him, both in lire and in death, full participation in
all Divine Offices which in out College aforesaid are
now celêbrated, or which by the Grace of God will
be celebrated for ever; to wit, in Masses, Prayers,
Meditations, Services, and all other Divine Offices
whatsoever. And, furthêr, that his naine be inscribed
on out Roll, and be recited every Saturday among
our Benefactors, for all the living anong wholn we
266 Early t]istory of t?alliol College
say the Psalm ' Deus miseratur,' with the Suffrages,
and the Collect ' Deus qui caritatis,' etc. ; and for
the dead, the Psalm ' De profundis,' with the Suf-
frages, and three Collects; viz. 'Inclina, Domine,'
etc. ; ' Quaesumus, Domine, pro Tua pietate,' etc. ;
and 'Absolve.' Over and above which, we grant
to the aforesaid Robert Ascham, for the terre of his
life, free use of a tower situated over the College
gates, containing two rooms, an upper and a lower ;
in such manner that he shall not in his absence
assign the use of this saine tower to any one, or anv
others, except with the consent of the aforesaid
Master, and the majority of the Fellows of the said
College. In testimony and witness of all and single
of the aforesaid, we bave caused our common seal
to be affixed to this our writing. Given in our
Chapel of St. Catherine, on the ", ISt day of July, in
the I5th year of the reign of Henry VIII.
[Pages 36-43. No entries.]
[Page 44-] .c.D. 153 g.
Here begin the decrees of the Master and Fellows
of Balliol College, in the University of Oxford, on
the -" t st da)- of the month of October, in the year of
our Salvation I538.
F'irstly. I t was ordained and decreed by the
votes of all, that one of the aforesaid Fellows be
each year appointed Secretary to the said IMaster
1 Sic.
Early Hslory of t?alliol College -67
and Fellows for the year following, in all business
concerning the state of the College, or the decrees
of the saine; and that the Fellow who shall hold
this office, be nominated each several year within
three days after the Feast of St. Luke, in the saine
manner as other officers, and receive a salary of
6s. Bd. for the year during which he holds such
office.
[le»t. It was ordained and decreed on the
above-written day of the month, with the consent
of ail, that Mr. Cosinn hold the office above-named
for the year next following the date of these
presents.
Hem. On the saine day of the saine year, Mr.
Thomas Parke, and Mr. John Smythe, were appointed
Deans ; Mr. Christopher \Vorseley, and Mr. Robert
Cosyn, Treasurers of the said College.
Hem. At the saine time, with unanimous con-
sent and assent, it was granted, under out common
seal, to the Venerable widow, Lady Anne Danvers,
that the Office of the Iï)ead be said every year
(according to the regulation concerning the saine,
written in the Stature Book) for the good of her
soul; and for her benefactions, on account of her
gift of Z3o. to the h/aster and Fellows aforesaid,
for the repair of the buildings and tenements
situated in the parish of St. Margaret Patens, in
London, given us by Robert Beamond, which had
268 Early Hislor, l, of Bal/iol Collee
at that time unfortunately been almost entirely de-
stroyed by tire.
[tc»z. I t was granted that if 2o. can be ex-
pended by the aforesaid Lady Anne Danvers, in
addition to the above-named sure, through Mr. John
Foster, ber Chaplain, and formerly a brother Fellow,
that then the Master shall receive i2d., each Fellow
8d., and each Scholar 2d., when this Office is sald.
For, indeed, it is evident that if this amount be
added, the buildings can be so adorned, and well
built, that the yearly rents and proceeds will outgrow
and exceed the amount formerly produced by the
said bouses, by 2os., more or less, a year.
It«»z. On the saine day, for a legitimate cause
alproved before the Iaster and three senior Fellows,
l»ermission was obtained for Mr. \Villiam \Vright to
be absent for a whole year, to attend the Bishop of
Lincoln during the saine year.
[Pae 45. No entries.]
[ïaZ« 46.]
Promotions to Livings in the year 539-
fiïrstl3', Mr. Christopher Worsley was appointed
Vicar of the Church of St. Laurence, in Old Jewry,
London, on the last day of the month of October, in
the year above-written.
/te». On the 6th day of the month of February,
in the saine year, Mr. George Cott, Master of this
College, received the advowson of the parish Church
Êarly Histo 7 of Balliol ColleEe '69
of Filyngham, given to him under the College seal,
by the majority of the Fellows.
Item. On the same day of the saine year, lIr.
Thomas Parke was presented to the Rectory of
Brattelbye, formerly held by the aforesaid Mr.
Christopher Worsley.
[Ia e 47. No entries.]
[Pae 48.]
A l')sydent of a voyson of a benefice.
To all believers in Christ to whom the present
writing may corne, George Cot. S. T. P. and lIaster
or Warden of Balliol College, in the University of
Oxford, and the diocese of Lincoln, and the Fellows
of the same College, true and undoubted Patrons of
the parish Church or Rectory of Filynghaln, in
the diocese aforesaid, Eternal Health in the Lord.
Know that we, the aforesaid lIaster and Fellows,
with out unanimous consent and assent, bave given
and granted, as by the tenor of these presents we
give and grant, to our beloved in Christ, Edmund
Newers, Gentleman ; Richard Salven, Clerk; John
Coot, Yoman ; the heirs, executors, and assigns of
them, and of each one of them, in common, and to
each one separately for himself, the first and next
advowson, donation, nomination, free disposition,
presentation, and our full right of the patronage of
This entry is crossed out ; and in the margin is written, This
adwowon is annulled. See p. 5:. of the Register.
270 Early Histoo' of Balliol College
the aforesaid parish Church of Filyngham, for a
single and the next turn only, whenever it may be ;
and when the said Church first and next, by death,
resignation, deprivation, whether 'jure or de facto,
change, cession, dismissal, renunciation, or in any
,,ther manner, shall either de jure or de facto, rightly
be vacant: so that it may and shall be lawful for
the aforesaid Edmund Newers, Richard Salven,
and John Coot, their heirs, executors, and assigns
together (as above) and separately, by authority and
virtue of this our grant, rightly and legitimately to
present once only any able or suitable person what-
soever for the said Church of Filyngham ('as afore-
said) when it becomes vacant, to the Diocesan and
Ordinary of that place; or at least to present so
often until one person nominated by the above-
named, shall bave been instituted to the said Church,
admitted to, and placed in peaceable possession of
the saine, with all its rights and appurtenances ; and
to do, and exercise, all and single else which is
requisite in the matter, which we should do, or have
power to do, if our present glft and grant had never
been ruade. And it shall be lawful for the said
Diocesan, or Ordinary, [or to any Judge whatsoever
who is competent to deal with the matter] rightly
and legitimately to institute a proper person, thus
presented to the said Church with ail its rights and
This sentence has been crossed out.
tarly History oJ t?alliol College 2 7
appurtenances, by the before-named Edmund,
Richard, and John, or any one of them, or their
heirs, executors, and assigns, or those of any one of
them ; and to do, carry on, and thoroughly complete,
whatever in this matter is incumbent on his pas-
toral office, without any impediment, disturbance,
opposition, or calumny, on the part of us, or of our
successors. And we, the Master and Fellows afore-
said, by these presents, will warrant and defend our
presentation, advowson, and qualified donation of
our right of patronage, against all men. In witness
whereof, our common seal has been affixed to these
presents. Given at Oxford, in the Chapel of the
said College, on the 6th day of March, in the year
of our Lord 1541.
[t9a es 49. 50. 5 I. No entries.]
[Page 52.] Decrees of the Master and Fellows,
and Dispensations, and other Grants, ruade in the
Chapel of Balliol College, in the year of our Lord
I542.
Firstl),. On the I Tth day of October, all the
Fellows being then present, the Master interrogated
the Fe|lows, on their oath, whether any one of them
would assert that he, the saine Master, had laboured
privately or publicly for the election of the Fellow
of the county of York, from the rime of the last
election up to the date of the present. And each
one answered ' No.'
z 7 z Early Hislory of Balliol ColeEe
Item. On the saine day, Mr. John Smyth,
Fellow, read belote the 3Iaster and Fellows a sub-
mission of obedience to the saine Master, enjoined
upon him by the Bishop of Lincoln.
Item. On the I9th day of the saine month,
Thomson, and M r. Stop, were elected Deans ; and
Mr. Browne, and Mr. Broebden, Bursars.
I/cm. On the -,oth day of the saine month,
permission was, with unanimous consent, given to
Mr. Cosin, to be absent whenever he chooses during
the whole of the year next folloxving.
Ite»z. On the saine day, permission was given
to Ir. Ffrannt, to be absent whenever he chooses
during the whole of the year next following.
/te»t. On the _ISt day, the advowson of the
parish Church of Filyngham was given to Mr.
George Coot, S.T.D., and then Master of Balliol
College aforesaid, with the consent of the 5Iaster,
and the majority of the Fellows. 1
Itc»«. The ",ist day, the Master, in Chapel, in
the presence of the Fellows, gave to the Bursars
of the College, as he had been commanded by
the Bishop of Lincoln, Ss. 4d., for one month's
Commons.
Item. The 22nd day of November, it was
agreed, between the Master and all the Fellows,
1 See page 46 of the Register.
Early llistol 7 oJ-5'allçol Coll«e 273
that the election to the Fellowship then vacant, be
postponed till the following year. *
[A'm. On the saine day, it was agreed between
the hIaster and the three senior Fellows, riz. hlr.
Smythe, Mr. Cosyn, and hIr. Thomson, that for
certain reasons it was expedient that the election
to the vacant Fellowship be postponed for a year.
lA'm. On tbe Ioth day of December, the
in the Chapel, in the presence of the Fellows,
showed hlr. Nowell a mandate, bidding him conduct
himself obediently and peaceably towards him and
the Fellows, according to the tenor of the Statute.
[Paes 53- 54. 55. No entries.]
[ae 56.] A.D. 525. Nov.
On the I Sth day of the month of November,
in the year of our Lord I 2, at the hour of IO, ail
and single of the Fellows having been convoked
into the Chapel of St. Catherine, in Balliol College,
Oxford, the learned hlr. Villiam kVhyte, S.T.B.
produced and read before ail a certificate signed with
the hand and naine of Mr. Claiton, Notary Public,
by virtue of which it was notified, and most clearly
shown, that the aforesaid Mr. William Whyte had
been presented to Mr. Doctor Aleyn, Commissioner
General for the visitations of the most revcrenl
Father, Thomas, by Divine g[ercy of the Titlc
This ent is crossed out ; and in the margin is ritten, in Latin,
Cancclle in the #resence of the .llastcr aml Fclloa,s.
T
"-74 tarly tlistory of I)alliol Colh'g«
of St. Cecilia, and had been by the saine rightly,
lawfully, and in accordance with the Statutes of our
College, admitted Master or \\rarden of out College :
which admission we all and single, Fellows, with
our unanimous consent and assent, accept, and
allow that Ir. \Vhite has been thus, as aforesaid,
presented and admitted.
[t)ag ,e 57. No entry.]
[12ag'e 58.-] A.D. 1539- November _sth.
.oE copie of an instrument concernyng thadlnis-
si,n of 3Ir. Doctor Cott to the maistreship of this
college ruade by an notary.
In the naine of God, .\men. Be it evident and
klloWll to ail, by the present public instrument, that
,»n the _'sth day of the month of November, in the
year of the Incarnation of our Lord I539, and the
3ISt of our most illustrious and potent Prince, Lord
Henry VI I I, by the Grace of God, I(ing of England
and France, Defender of the Faith, Lord of Ireland,
and, under Christ, sole and supreme Head on earth
,)f the Church of England, in a Chapel situated
within the College, comm,nly called Balye College,
in the University of Oxford, and in the presence of
inc, John Croke, Notar" Public, underwritten, and of
the witnesses named below, the learned Ir. George
Cott, S.T.P. iii person read a letter written in
English by the illustrious and potent Lord Thomas
Crumwell, Counseller, and Keeper of the Privy Seal
If&tory of Ballio! Collec 2 7 5
to the most illustrious Prince aforesaid, and Vice-
gerent, Vicar-general. and principal Officer in
Ecclesiastical cases, sent to the Fellows of the
aforesaid College; which letter when he had read
through, he showed to me, the under-named Notary,
and publicly presented, and handed over to me, and
with due persistence humbly requested that, on
account of accidents which might probably hapi)en,
I would transcribe and make copies of the said
letter, and guarantee, and publish the saine thus
transcribed, with my seal and subscription. \Vhere-
fore, considering for the aforementioned reasons that
the petition of the aforesaid M r. Coot was reasonable,
I gave orders for the making of verbatim transcrip-
tions, and copies of the same letter, whole and entire,
with nothing omitted or cancelled, and, as far as I
saw, without any mistake anywhere. Of which
letter the tenor follows and is this :
AFTER MV IIARTIE coffendations wher as by my
last letters addressid vnto yow I gaue yow in
cofi-anndmêt in the kings maiesties naine that
forthw t apon the recept theroff w'owt any cytations
delayes or other like solempnyties of the lawe and
notv'stonding the absence of any of )-o company so
that the more part vere present yow sholde/rocede
to the election of a c3venient Mastre of yo r howse
then vacant and that of yo r electon so being ruade
wowt any parcyalitie or corruption youe sholde
T2
76 ,arly Ytslor.,v of l,'alliol Coll«ge
inc,tinent êtifie me to thend the saine myght be
ratifyed and c6firmed as shulde appteign, and for
asmoche as according to the tenor and ef-fecte of the
saine yow haue assembled yo'sellfs to gether vpon
good deliberation and advise taken therin haue
elected and chosen my frend ocTo COTT to be
maistre of yo howse like as by yo ntation sealed
w' yo coiiune seale I am adcerteyned, Thies shalbe
to Signiçye vnto yow and eïy of yow that I haue
pvsed & examyned the s,me and ey circumstaunce
therof and do coffaend and «dlowe yo good pro-
cedings therin and haue confirmed ratified and
approved yo said elecon by thauctoritie coi-fiitted
vnto me by the kings highnes in that behallf willing
and cofi-anding yow by thies presents that yow and
euy of yow shall from hensforth relmte accept and
take the said ocwov. cow as the very rightfull and
mast" of yo' howse vsing yosellfs toward him
just " ç
in euy condytion w' suche dewtie and obedience as
to the said office doth appteign as yow and ey of
yow tendre the kings highnes pleas . Thus fare
y,»w hartely well from London the xxij ' day of
laovembre ,o n LOUI'NG FREND TIIOMAS CRUMWELL.
a rkll and single of these things were done as
they are written ab9ve and recited, in the year of
,,ur said L,,rd, the I£ing, in the month, day, and
l,lace, aforesaid, in the presence of the Venerable
Here the Register proceeds in Latin.
E«rly Histo 7 of B«lliol Coll«e
Richard Smyth, S.T.P., and the learned Mr. George
Nevell, and William Hubberden, specially called
and summoned as witness to the aforesaid.
And I, John Croke, by the King's authority
Notary Public of the diocese of Winchester, being
present in person, with the witnesses aforenamed,
at the reading, exhibition, presentation, and handing
over of the said letter, the tenor of which is given
above, and finding the letter itself thus (as above-
said) exhibited, whole and entire, and, as far as I
saw, free from any fault, gave orders that the saine
letter should be transcribed, written, and copied, ver-
batim ; and that this present public instrument, in the
hand of another (being myself meanwhile engaged
elsewhere) faithfully written, should be compared
with it, and the collation of this transcript with the
original having been faithfully ruade, that it should
be published, and put in this public and authentic
form, and bave signed it with my seal, naine, and
surname, accustomed and usual, so that as full
reliance may be placed on the present transcript, or
published copy, as on the original aforesaid, I having
been specially called, and requested to see and attest
all and single of the aforesaid. And I, the Notary
above-named, ruade the erasures in the second line,
in the word ' anno,' and in the word ' Henrici.'
[Pages 6o-63. No entries.]
[_Pae 64.] A.D. 154- February 2.
-78 tarly Histor), of Balliol College
Decrees ruade in the Chapel, on the and day of
the month of February, in the 3 st year of the reign
of King Henry VIII.
[On the remainder of this page, and on the three
following pages, there are no entries.]
tae 68.]
On the _-nd day of November, in the year of out
Lord x 542.
Firstl.),. Mr. Carter's attestation concerning
Frideswide, ruade by a Public Notary, was replaced
in the Chest.
II«m. Another deed, called an acquittance.
Item. An obligation between the College and
Mr. Cosyn.
«q[«»zoranalum. That I, William Frannt, in the
presence of the Fellows, took from the Chest fifty
instruments concerning Abboldesley, on the _-nd day
of the month of November, in the year of our Lord
1542. ]/C//l, At
posited there.
][emorandum.
instruments were
another time fifty court rolls de-
That all the above-mentioned
replaced in the Chest of the
Society, on the 4th day of the following February,
in the presence of the Fellows.
Item. On the x xth day of Match, with unani-
mous consent of ail the Fellows then present, for
good and honourable reasons already shown, a
dispensation was granted to George Cot, S.T.P.,
Early History of Balliol College 279
Master of the College, to be absent whenever he
chooses, the Stature notwithstanding.
[Page 69. No entries.]
[Page 70.]
Decrees ruade in the Chapel, by the Master and
Fellows, in the year of our Lord 154,3, after the
Feast of St. Luke.
Firstly. I t was decreed, with the consent of the
Master and ail the Fellows, on the e4th day of
October, that Mr. Philip Crolne be our agent for
the transaction of ail legal business, in London
and elsewhere, until we or our successors shall de-
termine otherwise, and receive an annual salary
of 13s. 4d.
/'t«m. On the I7th day of November, Mr.
Smythe was summoned before his Master, the Dean,
viz. Mr. Thomson, and one of the Treasurers, riz.
Mr. Brogden, and by these saine the aforesaid Mr.
Smythe was mulcted in one v,-eek's Commons;
because, as vas certified by the Master and two
Assessors aforesaid, the said Mr. Smythe took
for his yesterday's breakfast the Commons which
rightly belonged to the aforesaid Master.
Item. On the J4th day of December, a dispen-
sation was granted by all the Fellows, to Mr. Cosyn,
that he be not bound to pay 5 marks due to the
College till the Feast of the Ascension of our Lord,
notwithstanding an obligation to the contrary.
280 Ery t]istoo' oJ t?alliol College
On the 27th dayof the month of October, in the
year of our Lord 554, and the Ist and ",nd of the
reign of Philip and l[ary, of England, France,
Naples, and Jcrusalem, King & Queen, a question
and doubt in the statute ' On promotion to a living,'
concerning which a contention arose, and which
in truth needed interpretation, was referred to the
Visitor, the )[aster, and two senior Fellows. The
question was this :--whether to 'Incct in Arts' is
to take the dcgree of Master ; and this the Visitor,
Master, and two senior Fellows have so determined ;
viz. that to '],zc@t in .4rts' is to take the degree :
so that the Stature ' On promotion to a living' will
have force within fi»ur years after lnception. In
proof and witness whereof the Visitor, Master, and
two senior Fdlows hax e subscribed their names.
Jo. LlXCOL.. ja.-«v.s GLOUCEST.
jox
VILLIAM TALER.1
[Pa.,es 7 . 72. 73. No entries.]
[Paee 74-] Decrees of the .XIaster and Fellows
for a.I). 544.
'irsllj,. I t was decreed, with the unanimous
This entry is crossed out, and a note added, in Latin.This
Decree was cancelled and erased, wlth the consent of the two Visitors,
the Master, and all the Fellows, on the 6th day of the month of June,
in the year of out Lord 575-
Ira est. Richard loynes,
Notary Public.
Early f[istol 7 of Balliol College 281
consent and assent of the lIaster, and ail the Fellows,
that if any one in the said College shall in future be
Proctor of t.he University, both he, and all others
living in the saine College, who are summoned by
him, or by his deputy, and the deputy, if he so de-
sire, shall be allowed to carry an)" arms and weapons
whatsoever, the Statute ' On things forbidden' not-
withstanding. Given, the 3rd da)" of May, in the
36th year of the reign of our most illustrious Prince,
Henry VII I., King of England, France, and Ireland,
and Supreme Head of the Church «,f England and
Ireland.
J[emoraudum. That on the 26th day of 5Iay,
were placed in the Chest, A Charter of I,ing
Henry VIII. An indenture of the Town of Ox-
ford, for the non-payment of tithes. Item. An
indenture on behalf of the Vicarage of St. Laurence
for a rent of =os. .Ito,z. Lawrence Atkins' in-
denture. Item. An indenture on behalf of the
University School. Ite»«. A Charter of the
King's Court of Augmentations for the rent of
Canterbury College. Itc,«. A roll for \Voton,
and Old \Voodstock, concerning seisin and fine.
Ilem. Mr. Carter's notarial letter for the lands of
Frediswyde. Itc»z. An indenture of Ewms in
\\toton"
' The remainder (about hal O of the leaf has been cut out.
:8 Early History of Ba//iol College
[Pages 75 (half-a«). 76. 77. No entries.]
[Page 78.] A.r. 1554. nd of Mary, Nov. 7-
On the 7th day of the month of November, in
the year ofour Lord 554, and the st and znd of
the reign of Philip and Mary, of England, France,
Naples, Jerusalem, etc. King and Queen, it was
decreed, with the unanimous consent and assent of
the Master and Fellows of Balliol College, that no
Fellow, Commoner, Scholar, or Servitor, be in debt
to the College for his Battells after the expiration ol
more than fifteen days from the end of each Terre,
under the following penahies: if a Fellow he shall
r«ceive no Commons or stipend till the whole debt
be paid; if a Commoner, Scholar, or Servitor, he
shall be expelled.
Moreover, it is decreed, that each Commoner and
Scholar shall bave a suretv bound to the College for
himself. To certify which each of us has signed
with his own hand.
Ja. GLovc.
Jo. svr..
VILLIAM TALER.
Je). LINCt)LN. 2 .NTONV GARNETT.
ct. 555- I]aAx NEDAM.
.LAN IG(;INSON.
James Brooks, Master of the Coilege, and Bishop of Gloucester.
John White, Bishop of Lincoln.
lar O, Hislory of Balliol College 283
A coppy of a bill of Mr. Hydes hand which is
to be found in the treasurye of his owne writinge.
Memorandum that I, Thomas Hyde, fellow of Baliol
colledge do owe to the said colledge that I borrowed
2os. to be payd the 7th of September I573. In
witnesse whereof I haue subscribed the 26th of
August anno 2braediclo.
[Page 80.]
By me, TIIOMAS Hrx)v..
Manner of
admitting a
Master
after his
admission
by the
Visitor.
3,'i11.
Vright.
.xt«r. the Chapel of the said College, an
ment, or certificate, of his admission by the
of Lincoln, Visitor of the aforesaid College,
with the seal of the Public Notary. \Vhich
In the year of our Lord 1556, and the 2nd and
3rd of the reign of Philip and Mary, by the Grace
of God, of England, France, etc. King and Queen.
On the i6th day of the month of January, the
Venerable Mr. William Wright, $.T.B., before (viz.
on the st day of December immediately
preceding) elected lIaster or \Varden of
Balliol College, was present and laid before
the Fellows, who had been summoned in
instru-
Bishop
sealed
instru-
ment, when they had inspected and heard read, the
before-mentioned Fellows of the saine College took
in a proper manner, and placed for preservation in
the College Chest. Ail which was done lawfully,
and in accordance with the meaning and form of the
Statutes of the College aforesaid, on the year and
284 Early Hislory of 17alliol Collwe
day aforesaid, about 6 o'clock in the afternoon of
Thursday.
The saine year, on the 29th day of November,
the Rev. Robert \Voodd, and Mr. Richard Shaghnes
were electcd Probationer-Fellows fi»r the year fol-
1, ,wing.
The saine year, on the i lth of July, died, the
Rev. Father in God, Mr. John Bell, who, a little be-
lote his death, gave to the Master, Fellows,
Death of
DotoU. and Scholars of our College of Balliol, the
July ,
ss6. house in Clerkenwell, near London, which,
Lease of
°"» i belote he gave to the College, he had him-
Clerken-
elL to ir
Io, Sli- self occui,ied, and where he afterwards died.
l,ury al an
,,,, \Vhich bouse the 5Iaster and Fellows leased
rent of
£,3,a.4,. to a certain noble, Ir. Salisburi, Knight,
on the Feast of the l'urificati,,n of the Virgin Mary
next following, for a terre ,f 2 years, at an annual
rent of £I 3 I3S. 4d.
The same year, the said lIaster or \Varden of
out College, on his first arrival, gave to the College,
,,r f,,r an ornament to the Chape], what is called a
'lhcca,' a most elegant 'Cor_ihoralis,' called in the
vernacular a'Corporcs case,' hich we use only on
the chier Feasts.
lle»z. The saine year, it was decreed by the
Master and Fellows, that the Bursars, whoever they
be, shall in future receive all profits on bread, on
the stipulation and condition that they be answer-
]'arly tIistory of Balliol Coll«gc
able for the expenses and Battells of' Strangers,' or
Commoners. This regulation was hot, however,
intended to detract from the force of the regulation
on the i)ayment of battells written on the preceding
page. 1
[Page" 8I.] a.t). 1557. In the month of Scp-
tember, of this year, Mr. J,)hn Smythe, senior Felloxv
of this College, died, in the county of Kent. By
lais will he left to the College six silver spoons.
The saine year Mr. John Tomson, formerly
Fellow of out College, in token of his gratitude to
the College, his most illustrious mother, gave to the
Chapel a vhite damask vestlnent.
The same year Mr. Antony Garnet, then Fellox
of the College, gave to the same one silver spoon.
The saine year, the said Mr. Antony Garnet
decorated and ad«)rned a large more nea, r the
Library at his own expense, on condition, however,
that the said room be retained for him for f, our
years after he has resigned his Fellowship.
This entry is crossed out.
At about this date the Register begins to be regularly kept ; but
most of the entries are elections of Fellows, leases of houses, leave
of absence, and other like matters. Only the more interesting entries
will be given here. Some of the entries are in English : they will be
easily recognized.
286 Early Hsto 7 of lalliol Colle, ge
The same year, on the Feast of the Annuncia-
tion of the Blessed Mary, the Master and Fellows
leased to Robert Richardson, joyner, a house on the
west side of the College, called ' The Catherine
Whele,' at ail annual relit of 2os. ; the tenant to be
bound to do ail repairs, after the first, which is being
done almost entirely at our expense
I tis decreed, Oll the same day of the same year
[-Oct. 2 I. 56o.], that each day, after the reading of
a chapter of the Bible, one of the Scholars, on
whom the duty shall fall by turns, shall read some
learned, short, clear, and diligently-selected episode
from sacred or profane history ; unless the senior at
table, Oll account of unsuitability or shortness of
tilne, or for any other reason, determine otherwise.
...D. 156I, July 18th.
On the said year and da}', it was ordained, with
unanilnous assent and consent of the Master and
Fellows, that no ' Stranger' residing in the College
be permitted to lodge in the City or suburbs for a
whole week, month, or Terre, unless for an urgent,
good, and legitimate cause, approved before the
Master, or his Vicar, and all the Fellows in resi-
dence, if he desire to make any use -f out College,
or of his position as a Commoner ; but that each
one of them shall, iii accordance with the Statute
larl 9, Histo 7 of l'alliol Coll,'ge 287
' On Strangers,' in hall, at table, and at the Dispu-
t,tions, conduct himself according to his degree and
status, like the Fellows and Schol,rs.
ll[cnzorazdtm, that wheras we were bownd at
the lettinge of the lease of Robert Joyner his of 1
vnto hym to fynd hym all stuffe towards the first
reedifinge of the same as well within as without he
hathe nowe had all necessaries for the saine 17 Sep-
tember anno 15 6I.
certayne customes to be observed 1564 .
[Paye 9-'] l. In lmis the m oweght at all
tymes at lais depture frome home to appoynt of the
iij senior fellowes one to be his depute (seldome it
hath byn sene but that y" senior of them hath byn
,ppoynted his vice-ger0te) & hyme he oweght to
,ppoynt openly in the chappell celcris sociis 'sêtib 9,
& thre to delyver vnto hyme the statutes & the
keyes of the treasure hovse w the na kepethe &
hot )vatly to this end that the other fellowes maye
than knove to whom they rave dutie in his abseunce
& of whome to requier the execution of the statute
yf ned be.
_- IP by auncient custome the felloves are
allowed of the colledg Everye satterdaye at night
1 Sic.
288 'arl.), History af 'allial Call'g«
after disputacions so muche bread to ther supI»er as
they wyll eate leving also to the schollers or servitors
bread according to the discretion of the m" or the
senior w ch shall be sente the fellowes maye chuse
whether they will be allowed ther bread or drincke
but coffonly they have taken ther bread bothe
because the-schollers might have parte allowaunce
ther by, and also fcw other causes.
[_Page 93.] A note of diverse customes by
report vsed 1564.
. I in considerati6 y' on easter evê diverse do
receaue and f,»r that it is the begininge of the
gawdy week the felc,wes are allowed so touche as
w' reas/; they will spend at diner.
2. I at o" fyrst accompt on seynt thomas day
the burser is allowed to make the felowes gawdes of
iij' iiij or ther aboute.
3- I also y* at christmas and the holydayes
folcxvinge easter and the dayes folowing and lykwyse
at wytsontyde the m' and felowes shold singe after
grace an himpm or anthem together.
4. [lit Lati,«.] ./'/l«**z. That by an ancient cus-
tom of this College, the Master and Fellows are
wont to bave on the table, beyond Commons, one
half-penny, or thereabout, on each double Feast ; as
they commonly say ' in euerymesse.'
5. I3 alsoe in the rogaci6 week in c6sideratii-;
that it is a gawdye week and also for that then ther
is but on meal a day the m' and felowes are alowed
so much as they will reasonably spend at euery
meale.
6. I alsoe apo st john baptists day, St pet:r
advincula mary magdalin St michaell and o r lady
dayes and alhollowday w t thapostles dayes and
diverse other the fdowes are allowed aboue coffês
at the reasonabel discreti6 of the m r and bursers or
senior at home so y' they be not touche chargeabel
to the howse.
7- I also at easter, christmas whitsontyde and
st katherins daye the m r and felowes Lire allowed
breakfeast in the morning w t stwed meat or suche
other.
I -
8. on midsomer evê seynt peters evç magdalin
evé and Saynt James evê the m r and felowes wear
wont by a laudabel custom to haue an hores drink-
inge w' fyne caks and good ale and wear w6t being
then together to sing som himpen or anthê.
ii ' y' the xx day off februarye in the xix yere
off the Reigne off kynge henry y" viii that it is con-
ventyd & fully agreid betwyx maist' & fe--ows
off balliall college in oxforth & ni John lobbens fii off
my lord .... & William Jonsons fremason to
werke or cawse to be wroghte iij heides off wyndus
The edge of the page, in the Register, is slightly worn ; and
some letters in this, and in the following entr¥, are illegible.
U
290 Earl.), Histoy of Balliol Colle.e
. off iiij lyghtes & one off iij lyghtes off ye northe
syde & the heid off ye eiste wyndoe off v lyghtes
euy wyndow to be wrowghte w' wovsers & chaw-
merantes & y" said fîi lobbens to see all ma off
stones to be cGveid and caryed in to o r college off
ballial sayff and sownde w'owt en} brekyng or bres-
sing or iff so be y' anv stones be broke in caryage
the said fil 1,_,bbens to cawse to be mendyd or to be
reparyd. And the said mais{'and fellows top . . f,,r
the caryage off ye stones. .oEnd y said maist and
fellows to pay or cawse to be payd to y said fil
l,»bbens & \Villiam Jonson for y l.formy . off ye
I,romyss xxi markes iij" iiij d
m « that the iij da}" of aprill in the xiij }-ere of the
regne of Kyng henry the . . . that i wit]im Eist
mason of Burfurth hath pm}-syde to mak iij great
wynd.., both the soolls & hedds «»f the south syde
,)f the new cai)ell with a litill wyndow . to y
vestre with corbell table & iiij corbylls & retorn the
wall at heght to la}" the ioysse ou the litill w{-dowe
& sich ston as is w'in the colleg y' wyll sue the said
wiI-lim to haue & all other he to fynd at hys own
charge of burfurth ston cariag & skaffold warman-
shipe & lyme, & so the said witlm hath pmosyd to
maik it prit & redy to ly the tvmbre warke apon to y"
cort of ri; blonston chamber & for to haue f,r hys
lab,»r xviij ; of the which he hath resauyd afore x &
the rest he shall reseve as .x "- werk goth forwards.
]_:arZ.t, .tti.slo O, oj J./a[[z'ol Col&Na 291
Iniunctions ordayned by m' Thomas G(»dwine
M r Lawrence Howmfrey, Doctors of Dyvinitie ni r
Richarde Barbere commissiollers t« my Lorde of l.il>
koln in there visitation ]lad ill Bayly colledge in Ox«m
the 4- of marche A" D i 565 lefte to be l»erpetually
observid within the sayde colledge and confirmed
with the puttinge to «f there handes in the margcnte.
ZJ,'i«zr itis ordeined alld decreed t]lat the
colnlUiOl shalbe dve]ie ministred and gevcn int«»
the bandes «f the COlllllVlliCalltS tccordingu t« the
order set fi»rthe ill the b«.»ke ,f comm«m prayer and
that ail and every person and l»ersons beinge
lawfull yeres and discretion shall at the lcaste thre
or fowre rimes in the yeare reverently receave it
and that the contemners or refusers thereof shall
pay every rime iij" iiij at the discrecion of the lnaster
to be levied.
",. //em that all fellowes sch,llers communers and
«,thers sogvrninge within the howse sha]l resorte to
the chappell in the time of service and comm,,n
prayer and then and there shall behave thenst-lves
in suche godly manner that thcy hinder laOt the
worde of god tobe redde or songe or distutbe
«»thers which ordinawnce whos»ever breaketh shall
pay xii a and if al-ter admonition and thrise
he or they do refrayne to o;me as is ab«ve ,,rdayncd
then he or they whosoever he be shalbe ;tt the dis-
crecion of the m put owte of the howse.
U2
292 Early Histo 3, of Balliol College
3. rtem that publicke prayer in the morninge
shalbe sayde in the vulgar tonge as is throwgh the
Quenes maiesties dominion vsed and that every com-
muner scholer or bacheler within the sayde howse
not frequentinge the sayde prayer shall for every
time so offendinge be punished with stripes if he be
vnder correction or els bave oune farethinge set
vppon his hedde at the discretion of the sayd m'.
4. _l'lcm that as well divine service as the sacra-
mente of the sui»per of the lorde shalbe sayde in the
chappell of the sayde Colledge to the which all the
howse shall dilligently repayre and not to the parishe
churche.
5. _[tcm that ail lattine primers not allowed by
the Quenes maiestie and all other superstitiows
books be nether in publicke prayer had or vsed but
be browghte and deliverd to the m' forthewithe by
him tobe abollished.
6. _l'lcm that suche bookes for divine service be
bowghte and vsed in the sayd colledge as are men-
tioned in the Quenes maiesties inivnctions as the
bible communion booke davides psalters and the
bookes of homelies.
7. _llem that all the service be distinctely and
openly pronownced as it is set forthe in the booke of
common prayer.
8. _lte»a that the prayers at vsuall rimes and the
graces at meales shalbe sayde or songe within the
Earl.j, Histo 7 o.f Salliol Collcgc -93
sayde colledge withoute invocation of sayntes or
prayer for the deade.
9. Item that the m r bringe with him all his
company to the sermons specially if the be solemne
and ordinary otherwise the absente shall pay ij d at
the discrecion of the m r, if he be not vpon resonable
cawse licencid by the m'.
o. Item that there shalbe a minister chosen
within oune moneth accordinge to the statute.
lin Lathz] Written by me, John Ball, Notary
Public of the diocese of Lincoln, on the oth of
March, of the year aforesaid, in my own room in
the College, or House of Christ, in the University
of Oxford.
[The heading of this entry is mutilated.]
Feasts on which we are wont and bound by
custom to offer . or make certain oblations in
other .
On the Feast of St. John the Baptist, in Merton
College.
On the Feast of St. Mary lIagdalen, in lIag-
dalen College.
On the Feast of All Saints, in All Souls College.
On the Feast of St. Thomas, in the days after
the Feast of the Nativity of our Lord, in Exeter
College.
On the Feast of Trinity, in Trinity College.
-94 Early Hislory of t3alliol Collee
Weeks . of _o d.
Christmas. Epiphany. Carnival. Easter. Ascen-
sion. Peitecost. Corpus Christi. Assumption of
Blessed Mary. Catherine, Virgin.
Feasts on which we bave Mass and Gaudia in
Chapel, for the soul of Elene Longspei, and about
40 d on the table, beyond Commons.
St. \rincent, Martyr. St. John before the Latin
Gate. St. Kenelm, Martyr. St. Leonard, Abbot.
Fire in the Hall on these following Feasts and
their Vigils.
All Saints. Martin, Bishol). Edmund, Içing.
Catherine, Virgin. Andrew, Apostle. Nicholas,
Bishol). Conception of the Blessed Mary. Thomas,
.\postle. Christmas, and the following days. Cir-
cumcision. Epiphany. Conversion of St. Paul.
l'urification of 5Iary. St. Peter's Chair. Carnival.
3[«morandum. That according to the custom
of workmen, carpenters, masons, sawyers, and
joiners, shall receive .5 d. a day from the Feast of
AI1 Saints to the day after the Purification ; and 6 d.
a day from that day to the said Feast of AI1 Saints.
t To recite the Rosary. See Du Cange, Glossarium .Iediae et
Inflmae Lainiatis, under ' Gaudia.'
l?ar]y Histo 7 of lal/iol Collcge 295
[The following entries bave been ruade in two
columns, on a page at the end of the Register ; and
have, afterwards, been struck through,' with several
long pen-marks. At the bottom of the first column
the names, John Turner, Edward Whryt, and \Vil-
liam \Vhryt, are written. At the bottom of the
second column is written, in Latin, By me, John
Atkynson, Fellow of Balliol College, in the year
1560.]
Office of the Dead tobe recited for the Founders
and Benefactors of BallM College, in the University
of Oxford.
Z the onth of Jalmao,.
Obit, with Mass the next day, of Mr. Rodolph
Hamstely, on the 2nd day of January.
26th day, Office of the Dead, for Lady Darvor-
gulla de Balliol, out Foundress, with lXIass the next
day.
On St. Vincent's day, we bave Gaudia in the
Chapel.
Z the moth of Febrtar)'.
4th da)'. Obit of Mr. Thomas Harroppe, with
Mass the next day, when the Master and each
Fellow receives Bd., each scholar 2d.
Ioth day. Obit of Lady Elizabeth Longspei,
with the Mass the next day.
i3th day. Obit of Mr. Thomas Cisson.
-"96 Early Histor), of Balliol Collcge
In lhe monlh of A[arch. IVone.
In lhe wnlh of Aflril.
7th da),. Obit of Mr. George Nevell, Archbishop
of York. 1
On the Friday in Easter week, the Office of the
Dead to be recited for the soul of Edmund Norton.
[n lhe moz«th of
I6th day. Obit of Mr. William Bell, with Mass
the next day.
Gaudia in Chapel on the day of St. John before
the Latin Gate.
" On the Thursday in XVhit week, the Oce of
the Dead is to be recited for Mr. Philip Somerwell.
I lhe mot of Jue.
Obit of Mr. George Nevel, Archbishop of York.
I3th day. Obit of Mr. Robert Ald, when the
Master and each Fellow receives 5 d.
l oth day. Obit of Robert Beamond, with glass
the next day.
On St. Kenelm's day. Gaudia in Chapel.
Iz lhe month ztffttsl.
4th day. Obit of the Venerable Father in Christ,
William Graye, Bishop of Ely.
This entry is crossed out.
Earty Hislory of Balliol Collce 2 9 î
2oth day.
ioth day.
Obit of Mr. Lawrence Stubbs.
Obit of the Venerable John Bell.
Zn lhe monlh of SqMcmlSer.
eesth day. Obit of Mr. Edward Pool, when the
Master receives I2d., and each Fellow 8d.
Ze lhe monlh of Oclobc:
24th day. Obit of the most illustrious
John Balliol, King of Scotland, Founder
College, with Mass the next day.
In lhe monlh of 2Vovem3e:
On St. Leonard's day. Gaudia in Chapel.
29th day. Obit of Lady Anna Danvers.
Prince,
of our
:98 Early Hislor.k, o.f Balliol Collc
CHAI}TER XII.
"l'lv. eminent men, learned Clcrks, great Scholars,
and members of noble familles, who have belonged
to I-}alliol College, are very man}'. To write about
thCl'n ail would extend this book beyond a simple
history of the College. It would become a volume
of short biographies ; and it would bave to treat not
,nly ,-»f the men whose names belong to Balliol, but
,-,f those great movements, Ecclesiastical, political,
and educational, which bave mgether ruade up the
St«wy «f the Nati, m. Ant«my à \Vood wrote three
ce,lutons, three of those closely-written columns of
his 5IS. work, about. 'the writers and learned men.'
Gutch, in lais edition of Antony à Wood, has not
f,,llowed this porti,m of the MS. ; but he gives,
instead, a bare list of Benefactors, Bishops, and
5Iasters of th% College. Henry Savage, in his
lallA',gus, presents us with a quite characteristic
ISst of ' Learned I}ersons, and others desirous of
g,»od Letters,' who have belonged to Balliol.
The first of these to claire out attention is
J,,hannes Duns Scotus, the celebrated Schoolman ;
Earl 9, Histo 7 of alliol College 299
and the arguments to prove that he was once at
I3alliol, though not weighty, are not such as can be
lightly set aside. To these arguments might be
added the fact that some connection certainly ex-
isted between the College and the Friars Iinor, in
Oxford ; and that one of the ' Extraneous Iasters'
was always to be a Franciscan Friar. If Duns
cotus was a member of the College, one of Dervor-
guilla's Scholars from 1N'orthumberland, which is hot
unlikely, he must have entered the Franciscan House
when, according to Dervorguilla's Statutes, lais .Scho-
lar's stipend at the College ceased. But this would
contradict the claire advanced by lIerton College.
The \Varden of Merton tells us, that there is ' gocd
reason to believe' z that I)uns .qcotus was once a
Fellow of Merton. And even to-day Ierton Under-
graduates relate how the Ghost of Duns may be seen,
in the dark of November evenings, emerging from
the old archway by the Chapel, to glide noiselessly
across the Mob quadrangle, and disappear up the
stairs leading to the old Library. These are modern
stories.
Mr. lIaxwell Lyte says, ' Duns bas been claimed
as a fellow-countryman by Engli.hmen, by .qcotch-
men, and by Irishmen alike, and he bas formed the
subject of several laborious biographies. Yet all that
is certainly known about his life may be summed up
Memorials of,llert. Coll., Brodrick, p. 3 6.
300 Earl), Histor.y oJ Balliol Collcgc
in a very few words: he was born in the British
islands, he became a Grey Friar, he lectured at
Oxford in cr about the year 3o4, and, after resum-
ing his lectures at Paris, he died at Cologne in i3o8.
' Dismissing without serious comment the tradi-
tion that his lectures were attefided by audiences of
thirty thousand listeners, we need only remark in
connection with his C)xf,rd career, that many writers
of good repute have fallen into the strange error of
supposing that he became a member of Merton
College after having joined the Franciscan Order in
his boyhood. Such a proceeding would have been
f,,rbidden alike by the practice of the Grey Friars
and by the statures of Walter de Merton.' 1
The story of John Wyclifs lire finds its place in
the history of that movement which ended in the
establishment of the Protestant Church ill England ;
and it is not necessary here to discuss, or to analyse,
the doctrines of the eminent ' Doctor Novellus.' He
was born near Richmond, in Yorkshire, in the early
part of the fourteenth century. ' His biographers
have been at some pains to ascertain the college at
which he was educated, but it should be remembered
that, in the middle ages, the greater number of
Oxford Scholars did not belong to any college.
There is reason to doubt whether the Reformer
1 -ist, Ç]i 't, O/o'(t Maxwell Lyte, pp. 5, 6.
Early Igisloy of alliol ColIwe 3o
should be identified with a certain John \Viclif who
was steward of Merton College in 1356 , inasmuch
as a Yorkshireman would scarcely have sought or
obtained admission to that stronghold of the southern
faction. On the other hand ther« seems to have
been some connection between his native place and
the college which owed its foundation to the Balliols
of Barnard Castle, and was chiefly frequented by
Northerners. This much only is certain, that John
\Vyclif the Reformer was Master of Balliol in
May à6o. The lIastership of Balliol was not in
those days the dignified and lucrative post that it is
now, and accordingly we find that, in May à6,
Wyclif accepted in its stead the rectory of Fillingham
in Lincolnshire, of which the advowson belonged to
the College. H e probably took a year of grace be-
fore actually resigning the office of Master, and his
sojourn at Fillingham cannot have lasted very long.
The income of the rectory helped to maintain him as
an independent student at Oxford.' 1
Another argument might be urged to show that
Wyclif was educated at Balliol. He was elected
Master when Sir Philip de Somervyle's Statutes were
in force; and, according to those Statutes, it would
appear that the Fellows of the College were to elect
a Master from among themselves. This is hot
explicitly stated ; but'it is certainly implied. The
Hisl. Unir. Ocford, Maxwell Lyte, p. 230.
3o2 Earl.), tlisloy o./lCalliol Colhe
Fdlows were to elect 'him whom they know to
bave most knowledge, most ability, and most zeal
for advancing the affairs of the House.'
t lumphrey, Duke of Gloucester. and George
Nevil, are names which the College is indeed proud
to own: Duke Hulnphrey, the great Patron of
lctters ; and George Nevil, who was ' Benefact,»r to
out Colledge in Books. lï, uddms &c.' \Villiam
Gray gave ' ail his Books, consisting of rare Manu-
scripts to our Library.' And Robert Abdy helped
to build the Library. Robert Parsons' life belongs
to Ecclesiastical hist,»ry ; but lais naine is prominent
among the eminent and learned men who have becn
members of the College.
A ntony à \\'ood wrote.--
'As for y writers and learned men, but these
following haue as yet corne to my veiw, riz Rich "
Armachanus befire-mentioned, an irish man & one
of y" greatell clerks of his time, y' his country eucr
before pduced; he was bred up here till he was
3Iaster «,farts according to y statutes of y" Colledge,
w% (as 'ris before said) allowed y" fellowes to tarry
noe longer therin then till they had coffenced yt
degree, afterwards (if yt W¢h I haue dehued elswhere
l?,,m good proofe might be beleiued) 'tis pbable yt
he became one of v masters of the foundation of
3Ir \Viii: of Durham or at least a student therin,
and at length w" he had pceeded D , chancellour of
Jarly 2rIisto 7 of ]alh'ol College 303
«»f y VnlSltle ; he was pupill to, and receiued hs
cducation from John Baconthorp as Fox in his book
of acts & mon. in R. 2. y worthie Philos«,l»her &
Theologist y euer his, or seuall ages before brought
forth, but whether h ths Colledge or some houle
adioyning (for according to y generality of writers
y said J. Baconthorp was of this X musme,) it d«,th
nut certainly al»peare, the next writer y' was ¢,f this
house was Dr XVill" XVilton somtimes chancelhur
also of this vmsme, he was auth«,ur of seall phil«,-
sophicall treatises in y raigne of Ed. 3. of w ch some
were lately extant, in this C«dledge Library" then
Alexand Carpenter (snamed by some Fabricius) if
y authour here quoted in y margin might be trusted
he was a great XVickliuist and a stiff writer & Preacher
in y raigne of tt. 5- againtt y vices & corruptions
of y church some of his works were lately in this
Colledge Library, w ch perhal)s was y occasion why
the aforesaid authour should write, )' he had his
education here as he doth upon little or noe authority
of some other writers fir other places : if he had had
receiued his breding here, his name without doubt
would haue occurred in some of y writings books, or
glasse window of this bouse, w ch to my knowledge
doth not, but of John Carpenter oRen, who was
Contemporary with y" said Alexand & a Benefactour
towards y glasing of this Libraryas his naine in one
of y windows therin doth shew, w phaps might bc
304 Early History of }Talliol Collee
another reason why ye said authour did mistake, then
was there Bishop \Vhelpdale before mentioned an
excellent philosopher and Mathematician, and some
years after in ye saine Century wherin he died,
Rich: Rotheram a Vorkshire man, D.D., Cofi-fis-
sarie and at length Chancellour of y Vnisitie an.
dni. 144o. he wrote seall bookes yt were well
accepted by y" learned of his time, and perticularly
lais lectures de pluralitate beneficiorum w ch is in II.S.
in this Colledge library, with seuall other tracts w ch
are either gotten into priuate hands or else quite lost :
contemporary with him was Humphrey y" learned as
well as y" good Duke of Gloucefer as diuers books by
and to, him kvritten, doe teltifie : some yeares after in
y saine century was bred here John Tiptoft who be-
came afterwards ye learned Earl of \Vorcefer. he was
y'- onlie light of learning (as Leland saith) anaong y"
Nobles of his time; who as he farther addeth auoiding
y" Ciuil dissentions of his country retired to Rome
where he became a great admirer of y" virtues &
doctrine of y" learned Free, of whome I ara about to
speake ; in such a flourishing condition it seemes was
this Colledge in y" raigne of H. 6. by ye retiring
therof diuers of y" Nobility of England yt our
authour Lelandis pleased thus to speak of it. Vbi
tunc temporis (meaning in this Coll: in y raigne of
H 6) nobilium Juuenum corona celebris renascentem
imbibebat eloquentiam, then was thereabout y" saine
Early lgisgorv of 5'alliol Col&ge 305
time bred up here John Free before mentioned, borne
at Bristow, where, after sorne yeare he becarne
Rectour of S' Michaells Church on ye mount; at
length hauing a great desire to see other Countryes
journyed into Italy where first he studied in y"
Vnitsitie of Ferrara, then read Phisick and at length
becarne Doctor of ye sarne facultie at Florence and
Padua, afterwards he went to Rome where plying
hirnself to y Ciuill Law, becarne D r also of yt facultie
& soe rnuch was he noted at y' place f«»r his great
learning and parts, yt Pope Paul. 2. (to whorne he
had wrot seall epistles concerning y"6 bookes of
Diodorus Siculus poetically rnocking) przeferred hirn
to y" bishoprick of Bath and \Vells, bat though died
before consecration ; this was y" man as a iudicious
authour reports yt was one of y" cheifett of those
English rnen, yt by his honest & vsefull labour, re-
ttored his country burdned with barbarisme, to it.
forrner estate as it flourished beyond y" thought of
man while y" Romans gouerned" dus workes he
wrot w « were uery gratefull to persons in seuerall
ages y directed their studyes to those matters w they
deliuered, of w works, sorne were lately, & are
now (as I suppose) in this Colledge library & others
either lost or in obscure hands : about y" sarne tirne as
it seerneth one John Tartays was bred up here also,
he was a uery learned sophister & one ) heaped to
hirnselfe great admiration frorn y" Scolars of this
X
306 Early ttistory of lTalliol College
Vnisitie by his quick and acute disputations, w «
were uery often performed by him in ye publick
Schooles: w t learned men were here at, and dits
years after, y saine time, appearing not, I must de-
scend to y" raigne of Q : 5Iary, in whose time liued
here one Rob : "lVoodc & Rich : Shagens both notable
disputants & sophisters, as for y former, I know
not certainly whether he published any thing or noe,
y" other retiïed into Ireland at ye change of religion
in y" beginning of Queene Elizab:, where gaining
repute by lais n»ted parts is reported by an Irish
authour to haue bin a writer ; y next yt appears, was
Rob: Persons y Jesuit, soe well knowne to Theolo-
gists y' speaking of him might be now well spared ;
then of y" reformed haue bin D Tho: Holland D
Rot»t & D Georg Abbots, «f whome histories being
plentifull, silence of them might be also now excused.
'And thus read yo haue with breuity those
worthyes y* haue bin bred up here, dits other with-
out doubt, esI)ecially those of antient time, haue
receiued their first seeds of literature here also, but
record being deficient & therfore cannot as yet
present them to y' veiw (notwithflcanding I haue
seall in naine eye y* I may with circumstance or leffe
authority then before adde,) I must by force omitt,
till more certainly appears & in y" meane time
descend to speak of this place according to y* method
w I haue ].posed to my selfe.'
arly Histo 7 of t?alliol ColAg«e 307
The
men who were at Balliol before the year
given, word for word, from £aZh'ofcoeus;
particulars of George Nevil's ' Feast of a
cence unheard of in our Age'
quite unnecessary detail.--
' But whatever hath been
following account of some of the eminent
6oo is
but the
Magnifi-
are omîtted, as being
the condition of this
Colledge, as being a part of the Iaterial \Vorld :
It gives way to few in relation to the Intelligible, a,s
I may so say, It having been the Nursery of so
many Learned Persons, and others desirous of good
Letters : A List of some whereof I ara now to
exhibit.
' IKalter de FodrS«ghe),e.
' The first Principal, who became a Dignatary,
riz. Prebendary of Lhtcoht.
',[okam¢es l)uzs Scohts.
'There's as much contending for the breeding
place of this rare Man, as bath been for the birth of
î[omer: \Ve conjecture him to bave been ,»f this
Colledge of t?alliol, inasmuch as he was by Country
of 2VorthuzderZamt, and of/u«s there, as might be
seen not only in Pitsteus, but beforê every \rolumn
of his Works in MSS. in our Library, of the gift of
Bishop Gray, but torn off in the rime of the late
Mr. Bass Mullingêr says that Duns Scotus was êducatêd within
thê walls of Mêrton Collêge ; but hê givês no authority for thê statê-
ment. (University of Cambridge, vol. i. p. 69.)
X2
3o8 Early tisto 7 of alliol Coll, Te
War; and for that in _/Vorthumbcrland was the first
Endowment of our Colledge. He liv'd Anno 13oo.
which was after Dervoillcs Statutes (but before
those of Sir lhili] Somervylc) yet not after the time
when it was granted by the Pope that the Scholars
might lire in the House after they became iXlasters
of Art: and therefore he might for that reason
depart from this to 3[cr[on Colledge. But if this
be not current, I shall give you in exchange
' lUillia»z Bishop of lloeorccstc:
'But vhether he were llTllias de Lyzua, or
IUilliam lUhil/esey, afterwards Archbishop of Can-
lcrbur),, I am hot sure : whereof this was Bishop of
ll'orc«slcr, 38 'd. 3- that the 43 of dz,,: 3. and
immediate successor of this lUhill«so,. I find hot
either of them chaIenged by others.
'jo.. micZ««f/
'There were two of the name lXlasters of this
FIouse : The later is he of whom we now write :
Fie was first Fellow hereof, then Master, and was
he that gave the naine to the IUick/cz,t?«s.
Letter written to the Pope, is to be seen in lrro.r's
z-lots and 2l[omtmcnls. \Vhom 13alwzts commends
as liberally, as iOitsa'us spends his black mouth upon.
Fie was publick Reader in Divinity in the University.
Fie set up the Doctrine of the [Uatdetses, who were
called Lollards in England; who being also written
Early Hislory of Balliol College 309
Lolleards, seem to be so called fuasi Low-Lords,
that is, Levellers: who though Reformers of Religion,
yet the hostile manner wherein they assembled
themselves, gave occasion to the Laws which were
Enacted againest them, Tc». H«n. 5. and of that
Oath given to the High Sheriffs of Counties to
persecute the Lollards to death : (That which Mr.
Fo.v in his tcts alzd [onu»ots urgeth against
Ilazus Co2us , in defence of Sir John Ohtcaslle, the
Lord Cobha»z (that the Act of Parliament was
falsified, in that the consent of the Commons was
not fi»und in it) proves only that the Commons had
then no Vote in Parliament, as to the making of
Laws; but the falsifying of the _Act. it proves hot
at all.) \Vhich damnable D,»ctrine of Rebellion,
]elziouis eo, cannot be ascribed to IUickh'ff, the
University giving testimony to his great Learning
and Integrity of Conversation, ..-/uuo Z)0m. I4O2.
And all our Colledge Records wherein he is men-
tion'd, do speak him a Man of great Trust, in the
Reign of K. R. ",. which things were witnessed by
his very Enemies. He is said to have written
Volumns against the Pope : He translated the Bible
into English. See the Catalogue of his Books
exhibited by Ba]tvzts. His Bones were by the
Decree of the Councel of ConstaJzce, taken up and
burned 4 Years after his death, which Councel was
called « I mw l)om. 1414.
3o Early History of Balliol Colh'ge
,jo: lValtha».
' He was Fellow of this House, and Sub-Dean of
York : He gave as a Legacy to the Colledge
bgazt A zglt in I S S. szcr ftattor vatgelia.
Although he be placed in our Colledge Library
Catalogue, zIzto I49. or thèreabouts, yet the very
writing of Balliol with a double LL in the midst of
the word, shews it to be at least as antient as the
gift of F),litffha»z, &c. when it began to be written
ordinarily with a single L, (which was 343.) as I
have observed ; which variation begat writing of it
sometimes a)' O' Colledge, sometimes Bag'liolle,
sometimes BayO'-hall Colledge, whereby the true
Founders came to be firgotten, instead whereof
Men became the Adorers of Fancies. This kind of
negligence, about those times, became the Mother
«,f Ign«,rance, which spread it self so far, that it
stirred up the Industry of after-times to correct it.
' Fell«w of this House, Professor in his Faculty :
but in what that was, Pits doth hot know; but it
could be no other then Divinity by the Statures of
this House ruade by Sir hh So»cr'k : After
which, he lived here and wrote many things ; namely,
Ser Priora Ar#to#lis. 1.
Qnoestioncs dc Mni»za. I. . MSS. Bibl.B.C.
S»?cr lh#a. 1. IO.
' He was Çhancellor of the Unversty of
noted o bave gven ook to out Lrary,
There were two other Vltos mentoned y
oth named o ; one lved 3 O. the other, 36o.
I nether of whch s'our Çolledge concerned ; and
To." IHilton, 47o.
' oger lVheldale.
' He was Fellow of this House, and afterwards
Provost of Qucens Colledge Oxon: as they of Queens
would have him to be; but of this alts takes
no notice" and lastly Bishop of Carlisle, a great
Mathematician. He wrote many Books, whereof
these are to be found in our Colledge Library.
1o
]. I.
1. i.
]. I.
1. i.
]. I.
'According to Ba[cezts, he lived in the time of
15dw. 3- He is noted to be the first that enriched
our Library with Manuscripts, besides those of
uncertain donation.
' Tho»zas Chace.
' He was Dr. of Divinity, Fellow, and afterwards
Master of this Colledge, Chancell: of O.,con, Ireland,
3 T . Early ttisto 3' of Balliol College
and St. Pauls London. He built part
Library, vid. Sec/. 29.
of our
'l-Iu»hrey Duke of Glouceste:
' He was Duke of Glouces[er and Earl of Pem-
broke, of the Royal Blood : for he was Son of lr2rcnry
the fourth, Brother of ]q'cu. 5- Uncle (and Protector)
to//ch: 6. chier of the Kings Bed-Chamber. He was
a great Loyer of Mrctine and Candidus, Italians, as
Leland witnesseth: He was of this House, and
one of the most Learned and Eloquent of his Age :
He built that magnificent Structure of the Divinity
School, and Library over it [though some do con-
jecture from the great number of Coats of Arms in
the roof of the Divinity School, that this was built
by a common contribution] I t is said, That order
was given for the taking of it down, as a thing too
superbe for a Building of that nature, which he
enriched with 12 9 of the rarest Authors procured
from Foreign parts at a very great charge, besides
innumerable other Books of less value. After whose
Example the other two parts of the Library, which
cross this at both ends, was founded and furnished
by Sir Thomas godcl.), [since which time it hath
received the access (amongst others) of rare Manu-
scripts of the gift of II'illiam Earl of pe,,a,.ok« Sir
I,_'cnchn Digb)', l['i[liam Archbishop of Cautcr&oy ;
together with the whole Library of lXlr. Selden,
Ear/), Histoy of t?a/liol College
33
which is therein placed by the appointment of his
Executors, Men eminent for their Learning, and
skill in our Municipal Laws.] And this Building
hath received such further improvement, as if it
strove not only to fetch out, but to go beyond the
Copy given by our Duke t-[u»qhrcy : for the great
Gate of the Schools, and Tower over it, is of that
height and excellence, that I know nothing of that
nature comparable to it, being adorned on both
sides within the Quadrangle, with rive Stories of
double Pillars of rive several orders and dispositions,
z'iz. The Tuscaze, Dorick, Iozick, Corz)zlhialz and
![a/ialt; all improved by the skill of Architecture,
which will not be solely espoused to the Fancies of
Antiquity. Adde hereunto the Theater now on
Building, begun by the most Reverend Father in
God, Gilbert Lord Archbishop of Cadcrbttr.),, which
once finished will as far exceed all the rest, as any
one part thereof now goes beyond the other. So
great a promoter was this Duke of Learning as well
by the pattern he left behind him, as the cost he
was at, and that as well of time bestowed in study,
as in money imploy'd towards the work aforesaid.
He was a skilful Astronomer, and wrote,
7"abul¢ts directiozunz. 1. .
Ad Mbbatcm Sancti Mlbanz. l.I.
De szta dontione. Ep. i.
Ad viros er#ditos. 1. I.
314
Early History of Balliol College
' At length, in the Parliament at Berr),, Feb. 24,
he was stifled with Feather-beds at mid-night by the
Suffolk Faction" H is 13ody was honorably Interred
at St. Albaus, Aristo 1447. Temlb. len. 6.
' Idob: Twayes.
'He was Master of this House, and Dean of
Auklaud: and more of him I cannot write, unless
that he gave Books to our Library, which though
many others have done, I note him as being a
Dignatary, I45 I, which, or any other promotion, he
might hold with his Mastership by the Bishop of
Londous Statutes, a thing which by former Statutes
was hot allowable.
'Johu T/oft."
' He was of noble Parentage, but nobler for his
Atchievements, and most of all for his Incllnations
to good Letters. H is Father was John TiibtofL a
Peer of this Realm, his Mother the incomparable
Lady Jocosa; by both of these he was consecrated
to Vertue and good Letters, born at Ez,ertou in
C«mbri«((e sbire, saith Lchotd, brought up in this
Colledge, wherein, saith the salue Lclana r, Tun
/«m/orLç - Arobilitoz jtz,cuzoz corona celebris
r«tasceule»z imbibeba! cloqetcutia»z. Fie was created
Earl of lUorceslcr, and at 25 Years of age Lord
high Treasurer (High Constable, saith Camden, in
lUorccslcr sbire) of nglaud: and was Beheaded,
Early Histos 7 of Balliol Cllege
Anno 147I. He wrote many Orations
Roman Eloquence.
To _Poche Plus le second 1. .
Ad Cardina[es. 1. .
Ad Patavienses. 1. .
Eistolarum ad diversos. 1. .
Et ejusmodi alia p«ra.
' He Translated out of Latt)z into English
Pu31ius Corne[izts, and Caius F[amhzhts
of crue Nobility. 1. 2.
Cicero de am##ia, l. .
l de Senectu# l. I.
full
35
of
l and other
good
) Authors.
'.fo: Freus, vulg6 John Froc, or Phrgus in
Leand.
' He was Fellow of this Colledge : He became
an admirable Philosopher, Lawyer and Physician:
He became Publick Reader of Physick at Fcrraria,
afterwards at Florence and tadua, where he was
ruade Doctor in che Faculty. He wrote to his
3'cwnas Titoft abovesaid, Earl of IUorceseer.
E.,ostu[alionem ?ctcckL l. I.
13e rebus Geograhicis. i.
Pet ra rc hw Fç it a] h h t m. .
Fpistolas familiares. .
Carmhza diversa. .
I.
Eçi, çra m mata.
3 6 Farly Hislory of Balliol Cllce
l)e Coma ibaruifacicnda.
Librum Gcoffra-
io h ice.
Con/fa iodorum
S#uhtm octtce
fa3ulan#m, i.
' He translated out of Greek into
folloving, as a[wtts testifies.
#+dori S#u# 3ibliothccam.
.Vcn@hottt) quwdam.
Sjvzcshtm de Cak,#io.
'And many other things wherein he
[I] i.
Pcr plagiarios surreib-
tos : as Dr. jrames testi-
ries : but these two, and
only these, are in Manu-
script in our Library.
Latin, these
l. 6,
imployed
his Pen well; fi»r a Translation which he dedicated
to Paul the second, l'ope of lome, he was rewarded
with the Bishoprick of t?«th and l[élls, a 3Ioneth
af ter he went to /ome ; where he dyed before he
could be consecrated, but not without suspition of
Poyson from some Competitor. i465.
' Gcorge 2V«viL
'That great Earl of lVaru,ick, Richard 1Vcvil
[who, as in a stage for some Years, did set up and
depose Kings at his pleasure] had a Brother which
was this Gcorge 2Vcvil, whom yet but young, he
l»romoted to high Honors : for, being Chancellor of
the University of O.ron [where he studyed and
became Fellow of this Colledge] he was consecrated
Early ]ristory of 27allo! Collce 3 7
Bishop of E.ve/er, 1Vov. 25. 1455. not yet 20 Years
of Age. Afterwards, v's. I46O. he was ruade Lord
H igh Chancellor of nland, till his Brother the
Earl being sent by K. 'dw. 4. upon an Embassy
into t:rance, he was put out of his Chancellor-
ship, and another, via. Sti[[inton, Bishop of Bal]
and I['[ls substituted in his place. But afterwards,
Itenry the sixth being taken, Gcorge IVevi! was
permitted to be promoted to the /-'trchbishoprick of
Ford', and consequently Metropolitan of ail Scot[and.
Three Years were hOt hence expired, when id, eard
was devested of his Kingdom, committed to the
Custody of this Archbishop of 'o,', : and lien: the
sixth being delivered out of Irison, restored to his
own again, which he had belote held for almost 4o
Years. But Ede«ard enduring an easie Imprison-
ment, ruade, by the aid of his Friends, an escape,
recoverr'd his Kingdom, took K. /-/. 6. and this
Archbishop [who had formerly taken him into
Custody] But mindful of former Obligations, he let
him, vie. 1Vevil Archbishop forth again ; but suffered
K./--/. 6. to be murthered in the Tower. And it
was scarce a Year after, but K. dward committed
him Prisoner again, and plunder'd him of the worth
of 200001. at his House at l[oor in I-Icrford-shir«
(among which, is recorded a lXIitre set with Geins of
a great value, whereof the said King ruade himself
a Crown) Time and death having lost him
38 k'arly ttistoJ 7 of l'alliol College
Friends before; He lay Prisoner after this for the
space of four Years, at Calais and Gu, ces in great
want, the Revenues of his Bishoprick mean-while
being sequestred for the use of the King. This his
Calamity began 47 -. and he was, 476. by the
Intercession of his Friends, let out of Prison; and
dying of Grief. he was buryed in his own Church.
lit his lime, did Pope St'.rtzts the fourth divide the
twelve Bishopricks of ScoNand from JTor/«, and
subjected them to St. Andl"ews, which he erected
into an Archbishoprick. This our J\reail was a
Benefactor to our Colledge in Books, Building, &c.
And at his Installation, he ruade a Feast of a
lXlagnificence unheard of in our Age, Recorded by
Bishop God;oh; (Bishop first of Lamtaffe, and then
f tt'reford.)
' Thomas Gastoh,g.
'He was Doctor in Divinity, Fellow of a/liol
Colledge, and Chancellor of the University: This
may be the saine with Tho»Jas Gasconius in Pits««us,
and Thomas Gascoçn, called also lasco in Le/and.
Igu».lqc#e inter tTr«antes ,wbili loco ,mtus, saith he.
Pits«tts notes him to be Mno 46o. and that he
wrote many things, via.
Dictionariu Thcologict lib. 3.
S'ten flumina ayloJNa'. 1. .
Early ttistory of Balliol Collcge
Ueritales ex. scritStura.
Ordi«arias [ect[ones.
Scrmozcs Evatgdiorztn.
Uitam tticronymo Stridods Sctioris z,iri
ad »tiracuht»z cu»z cloqttcutis, 1,tz docti,
qetctz mir[jfce coltt[1.
Ita Balaeus etiam.
' Stcihauus de Cormbia.
' Stcihamts de Cortubia was Fellow of this House :
He travdled beyond Seas, and became Doctor of
Physick in Paris, A,mo 46o. He hath left no
memorial of himself with us, but the gift of Gal«u's
\Vorks to our Library; but hath writtert, Stbtiles
suas d: omni ad»ziratione di«as moralitatcs, viz.
Iz Penlateuckum.
Iz libros Reu»z.
D -', Proh. minores.
libros 5.
1.4.
. teste Pitsaeo.
' IVillianz Gray.
' He was Bishop of ily, Doctor in Divinity, born
of a Noble Family, riz. of the Lord Grays of Cod, zor.
His ingenuity and towardliness gave occasion to the
great care that was taken for his Education, which
began in this our Colledge. Afterwards, at Fcr-
raria in ltaly, he was an Auditor of Guari,¢us
Veronensis, and got to himself praise by his skill in
3"o Ea-ly Hislo'), of Balliol College
polite Language, and various knowledge of things.
He is said to have written much both before and
after he received his Mitre at /ome : Neither was
he a mere Scholar, his \Visdom making him K./-/. 6.
his Procurator at ]op,¢c. After his return thence,
he was re»de Chancellor of Ezglapd. He gave all
his Books, consisting of rare Manuscripts, to our
Library; built part of our Colledge, and bestowed
much Ul)Oll the building of £'lj, Cathedral, where he
was buryed, -.-/,0 Z)oȢ. 1478. More of this Pre-
late in the next that here follows,
' Robert Abdy.
'Robert Mbd.r, a Gentleman of a good Family, as
is evident by his Coat of Arms, was bred up in this
Colledge in the time of K. ]-rc,«. 6. became Fellow
here about the first Year of K. £'«/'a,. 4- A,¢,¢o I46.
and Master of the saine about the
4. z,ic. Mz,«o I478. in which place he continued till
the time of his death. He built hall of the pre-
sent Library of out Colledge. The fore-mentioned
ll'illia»z G,'ay and he are never put asunder in
places where they are remembred, as particularly
in the Colledge Library: wherein are [as I have
formerly noted] I \Vindows curiously painted: every
\Vindow having two Coats of Arms, with Verses in
painted \Vreathes about them: In one of which \Vin-
dows on the South side their Arms are placed, and
Erly Htory o Blliol Çolle«e 3
none's else [for each çVindow hth two only] the
Verses about them are,
tlos Dcusaçccit, D«us h dct gaudz cwlL
Abd),pc'c? o?«s hoc, G,=y resul & EO,.
'And in the upperm,»t Window, on the North
side, their Coats likewise are with these Verses.
rwstl huic . «h" Gray hbros cozh«h} /y.
'This Robcrl Ab, O, lies buryed in the Nave of Nt.
][ary ]W&fi'» Church [within the l'arish whcreof
this Colledge stands] undcr a Mari,le st, me, which
had once a bçwdcr «,f lrass ab«Ult it. sinifyinç.ff lais
Quality at the time of his dcath but it's now h»st.
In the middle of the said Stone is yet remaining lais
Image in a Plate of Brass. with these Verses under
his Feet.
Tesh st) Crh" qzto«{ zozz ]acct ht /a t)lc
Confits tri Ol-ll'[ltl-, sed Sgl'l'lItS 't mcleolrlztr.
S,»« qwd «r&_wram q,od st». pn roc p,cor ora.
. lbdv.
Tarh9,s.
Years in this Colledge, as
till he became blaster of
He studyed many
Jalw«s witnesseth, even
Arts ; he wrote
Sure»las LwicaA's. 1. Iwith other
Qta'sh'oncs Aralura,les. 1. / things.
which he t,.'stifies t, bave been in our Librarv.
3_ _ Early Hislor), of Ballio/ ColA'«
' ]?ichard Cifford.
']Wchard Clifford, supposed onely to be brought
up here because hot chalenged by others, and a
worthy Benefactor to this I louse; as is implyed.
though hot particularized in the 7th Vindow on the
North-side of our Library, in these Veraes,
Chfford Rka r«hts . I ttisles L omtiwnsis
Fusis eaozsis t,& uon az' ous.
' He vas first Bishop of ll)rccstcr, vhere, having
sate about six Years, he was translated to Lomtot,
Octob: 13. 4o7. and nt0 I4 4. being sent to the
Council of Çotsta¢ce, he made a Latin Oration
before the Emperor and Cardinals. In that Council
that lasting Schism had an end, and 3Artzz the fifth
was declared the sole true Pope. In his Election
it was, by the Authority of the Council Ordained.
That 3o Electors should be added to the Cardinals,
whereof one was to be our Bishop of Lo,zdo,t:
neither were there wanting anaongst them that
thought of making him Pope. Certainly he was the
first that nominated Cardinal Coht»ma, who. with
the consent of the rest, was declared Pope, and took
on him the naine of Jl[ctrtii«. This erelate dyed
./-luzts! -o. I4eI. and lyes buryed in St. Pau[s,
near to the tomb of Sir C]trts&]tcr [-[aHom
fi'.arly /]i«tory o.[ ]klllol Co//Gov
'Dz'.
' Fellow of this Colledge, anti Arch-dcacon
/7/y, t478, a Benefactor to our Library.
'./ohn
'.fohn 17ell brought up in this Colledge Doct,,r
the Laws, Arch-deacon of GloucesA'r: t|e was con-
firmed Bishop of llr«eslcr, «4ztztsl I t. t539- where
when he had sate only four Vears, he left it, as his
Predecessor had done before him. tic afterwards
lived and dyed in his own bouse in Chv%«,a,cll
London, which he lcl (l)llt'l" ai1}?)to the Cc, llcdge :
and was buryed in the saine l'arish Church, where he
lyes under a plain larble-stone on the North-side
of the Chancel, with this Epitaph engraven upon it.
Co*ztei[ hoc mar, to,: Doctorcm nominc
Q,ti belle nc.rR Proesulis qcim.
A[ori&ts, hzxcnio, z,#oe rob#alc vigcbat,
Lamfito c,t,tc{is ctt]tzts c[oqztio.
Anno 556. Aug: I I.
'John G+hs.
'Brought up in j7[affaZa[czze Colledge
[aster of this House, and afterwards Bisho
Chcscr, 556. «lktri 4- thus Bishop Godwin of
Bishops writes, but there is some mistake in it: I
find Gco,e Coats Doctor of Divinity to have been
Master, 539. ./ohu Colcs I find not at ail.
' 2
'./crues Brooks.
'Jamcs I]rooks -,vas Mastcr of this Colledge,
uuo 554, and ishop of Ç/ouccst«r at the saine
time, where he succeeded tloo«r. H e was a
learned Man and an Eloquent Preacher: ut bV
ddegation from the l'ol»e he condemned to the fin.
thse Excellent Men, and t[,dy Martyrs, C'attutcl',
A'fit/Cv, and La/bucr, whn wer,: burnt in the Town-
ditch, commonly called Ca¢«'cb, ,»ver against this
Colledge
'./obu ['/crs, and .qdaz .çquh':
'.J0 ]'ic" was D,»ct,»r in I fivin[ty, l)ean »f
Christ Çhurch, and Iaster »f th[s C,»lledge both
togeth«r" [[c wa admitted herç, I[«), 23 . 57o.
rcsignd it again, 57 - He was consecrated Bish, q
of 'ochcsIcr, I5î6. and then ruade 4/moucr to the
)ueen. Fr»m ochcstcr he was translated to
.Srzo : at last, 0 588. after the death of Arch-
bishop znd3,s, he was advanced to the Archbishop-
rick of ]rk, dved 394- The next Iaster was
« lam Squier, D.D., and a great Mathematician. I
know «,f n«»thing he bas left in kVriting l»ehind him.
"f¢obcrt P«rsous.
' f¢obcq Pcrsons was Sodus &zccrdos of this Col-
ledge, commonly called Chaplain-Fellow ; and con-
sequëntly entered intÇ, H«,ly Orders wh«n but
k'arly tti«lorj, ( 13alliol (_.'ollege 325
lachelour of Arts [for so 'tis requircd of every one
that is tobe chosen Chaplain-Fellow] He resigned
his Fellwship, Ann I573. Fcb. 13. with disl»ensa-
tion granted him to keep his Chamber and Scholars
as long as he pleased; and his Collllll,llS te» be
allowed him till Easter following: But aAerwards
he turned Jesuite, received Orders fr,»m the Church
«,f Ro.w, and became Rect,,r of the English C,,I-
lcdge there, .4uuo 587 .
'I [e wrote
O," Nao'Lç ,zk'ug ,con a,tcumtis. 1. .
A Christian Directory, or Book of Resolu-
tion, an excellent Piece. in two parts. 1. .
De 3 " .4{çh couz'crsio««»us. English. 1. 3.
3A,D'rolqçhtm Clholiotu, against Fo_v l.I.
Ck'nsui'am C/ho/icam coit/ra 11aitmci7to
&c. 1. .
The Defence thereof. .4mo 1582. 1. l.
Coutlv Evardum Cocum dc auAo. lgibus
De s«cessz>nc R,ni A«gh. 1. I.
3[odcstan adnon#, cottz Fr: Hastingum. 1. .
English. ]-3-
' T hese are ail reckoned up by 19its.
There's a Manuscript ritten with his own hand
in our Library. stiled itsiloÆw co«lro'ersiarullz hujts
l«nzporis. Iy all which appears. That it was the
wisdoln of the Societv to use that gentleness and
moderation as they did, towards a .Ian of his excel-
lent parts, wavering in his Rdigion, and already
wandring in his mind towards ]o**w, to the end
that thcreby they might allure him to stay" which
had they prevailed upon him to have donc. it had
been good service to God. and an acceptable one to
the Q}ueen of .',zxlamt, which the events of things
im»ved t,» be truc.
' Chrsl@h«r l,'«gsh«a,.
' .\bout the saint time was Chr[sl@hcr/5'«ffshaa.,
Fellow of this ttouse ; afterwards, likewise chang-
ing his Judgment. he travelled bey,md the Seas.
and l)eing a .Ian of parts, became Doctor in ];r«),
and one of the Faculty of Sorbom He lived long
al-ter this, m'en to the time of Içing Cher/es the
first, as I have been informed, and was wont to
say, t te hoped to sec a reduction of «ffland
to obedience to the Church of Rome, and then he
would COllle and repossede his Fellowship again
here, inasmuch as he was never expelled, nor did he
resign his l»lace as Father ])arso¢s had donc.
Lar[y History of Ba[h'o[ Co[hZ« 327
' ]obcr! Crane.
' lob«rl Cra«c Fellow of this I touse, a glan of
that prudence in the Eye of the University, that he
was chosen I»roçtor thereof, 58. nor could it be
said of him as 'twas of that Eml»eror «/ba,
That he was omzit»z cozsczsu d«zts lmcrio si
«o« h«crassct: f,,r they ai,pr,»ved uf his govern-
ment s,, well. that they ruade choice ,»f him the
Year following : and all this xvhen l'roctorshils went
hot by Cycle but by guffrages, and so c«,ntinucd to
do till the Cycle was th,,ught fit to be ruade as best
suitable t,» the lWeSent time.
' 7"ho««s Aloi/cmA.
' Thom«s Il(d/cmA was Fellow of this Colledge,
l)r. (,f Divinity, and lCKc«)ts I»rofess()r, all at one
rime. I le was chosen Rect,»r of .t'l«r
and a great Patron of Dr. Pi«h'a«cv, as al)i)ears
Dr. rhh'au_t:s own Ei»istle to him, put befi)re his
Introductory Tables to thc Greek Tongue, a task
imposed uI)on him by Dr. Ilo//««d, whç, m he thus
bespeaks z'i:. k'lat crud#ioffs «cavt,
scctabili n«h«us qzta su.&#m/o z'D'o. I). I1. tol-
lando, S. S. T. #rcssori Rgio. omnibus à
tominibttsa/rono z,c«cramh. It were a sufficient
Eulogy of either, to say they wcre Friends one
the «,ther : which l,UtS me in mind ,,f the Ei,ital,h of
3_S rlv llstorv o_l-lalld Colle«
Sir fi'ulk Grez'i/ in ll'arz,,ick Cbur,h, z'iz.._çerz,aM
to Q. lzS. Couucllor lo ]ç.Ja»zes, and Fricmt o
Sir Phih't5 Sidlte)'. t le never wcnt any Journey,
but he took solemn lcave of his ]:ellows, with this
lenediction. Comz«mto z,os dileclLmi ci, o«[
Paaltts & oz«is su«rsldionis. He went beyond
others in Reading, and beyond himself in disputing.
H im succeed,-d Ro&r .4aaos.
. lhamas 1I "czma,«.
' 7"ho»zas 11 é,ma, was Fdl,,w of this t t,mse, and
l'ublick Orat,r t,, the University, 595- }[e bath
left nothing, neithcr w,,uld he leave any thing in
kVriting behind him: because that whatsoever he
had left us, must needs bave fal]en short of his Per-
fections, inasmuch as the best ]»art of an Orator
dyes with him.
" R,,bcr . t bbots.
'tic was of this Colledge and Fellow here:
flore hence he became Parson of.qlhall0a,s in IUor-
ces/er: from thence he was l»refl:rred to a Living
in Leteslcrshire, which had been refused by Dr.
lW,whts, President of £rfi,ts Chrisli, and 6¥o,ge
.q66ots then Master of University Colledge: #oto
thence he was chosen Master of this House, and
then ruade Reghts Professor of the bniversity, in
Divinity, whose Patent Gr the place is in our Trea-
sury. in the Box of Admissions ,_,f Masters. tIe was
arly //«klor_), of tT«llio! Co/-e 3 2 9
also a frequent Preacher He wrote ail his Serinons
in Latin only, and Preached them out of the Latin
Copy" they were begun to be translated into
English bya Fellow of this Colledge, but he re-
ce[ving small encouragement from whence he ex-
pected much, went not through with the work.
After that the said f¢oberl bbols had, by \Vritings
extant, confuted the Errors of the Pontificians, he
was consecrated Bishop of Sar,tne, A,,o 6I 5.
One Book not yet Printed, is his Commentary upon
the Epistle to the Romans" the Original alanuscript
Copy whereof is in the University Library. In
this, saith B. Go&,,i,z, he matched the happiness
S.e'idc B. of C/z,'«/zesh:r, That he, being a Bish,,p,
saw his younger Brother Archbishop of
,. Go,ge Aaaols. Him succeeded in this Col-
ledge, the Reverend and Learned Doctor
]tztrsl.
" Geo,gc ..-I bbols.
'Geor._,«e Abbots was Fellow of this House, pro-
ceeded Dr. in Divinity hem, then he became
3Iaster of University Colledge ; afterwards conse-
crated Bishop of Coz'«utry and Lt'chJicht, 609.
13cccmb. 3- and the beginning of _F«bruar.t' following,
he was translated to Lo,tdo,t; v«here he had not
sate a Year, bcfore, by the prudent judgement
KingJames, he was designed Successor to Baucrojt
at 'a«l,'rb«tr2,. and Privy Councellor wh,)se Learn-
330 Ea,'(v He'sta,'A' of Ba//iol ColAS"«
ing. Eloquence. Vigilancy. and umvearyed Study in
\Vriting. in a 3Ian so overwhehned with business,
I',»sterity wiI1 celebrate, though I be silent, says
Iish,, I) (Todz«i«. He wrote a Book of (;ctgra]Shj,,
which Dr. ÏI,')'/c took for the ground«vork of his.
.\nother Book called. Laa 15c),a,«c[ Luthcr. A third
o,ntains his .Questions stated in l'«.,'riis. He nev
l,ublish'd .,r;'zr«s .dois a«d .l[a«ztmc.vts, with an addi-
ti,m ,f the l'ersecution in the
' Laa,rcucc tçcmis.
'Laa,ro«cc A'«mA" was I:ell,m of this ttouse,
Coml)anion in Tr, tvel, and Councellor in Dcsigns to
the Rcnowned IXnight 5,ir ll'a/h'r Raz«A'(,h,
gave him his Hist,,rv of the \Vorld which he
bcst,,wed «,la otlr Librarv. Sir ll'a/tcr hot capable
,,f his advice in one thing abr,»ad, he chose [and an
ill ch,,ice it was-] rather t,» become fi'/o dc se, then
scrul»ling an ctroxcto[a, to return home and become
a State-criminal. This fact of A'«mis as like that
«,f lorqltatlts Si[ailts, who killed himself upon a
bare accusation. Tac. I[isL Z 5. c. 8. of whom
AYro said, That he should bave had life granted, if
he would bave expected the Judges clemency.
Here was the difference, That the Case of lo-ztattts
Si/crois was better, but his Judge worse then that of
Ear/., llis[o' of Pa/liol CoHt'g« 33
'tlo. Ir/d, Mr. «loo', and Dr.
'tl«l«r), ]3ri/t was l'robationer-Fellow of this
tlouse, and afterwards chier Schoohnaster at 11"or-
rester for above 4o X*'ears belote his death : and the
number of Scholars under him and the Usher, were
usually 3oo: out of which he furnished the Uni-
versities, and especially this Colledge, with many
Scholars well grounded ha the Latin and (;reek
Tongues. ,3 or fi)ur whereof were usually Fell,ms
of this House together. A lan he was «,f that in-
colnl)aralJle diligence and method in lais Vocation,
that he seem'd to be born to that only: this and
his temperance, spoke him a [an ,«atzm ad
rform«m{os homz)zztm mores. He became l'reben-
dary of that Church of ll'orcester (in which City he
vas born) seven 'ears belote lais death ; fi,r which
l'rebend a Patent had been procured him belote by
one that had been his Scholar, and at last Lord
Keeper of the great Seal of E»ghzud, z,i«. Lord
Coz,ent'.t,. At the same time lXlr. I[oor was Pre-
bendary of the same Church, formerly Fellmv of
this Colledge too. And Dr. t[.v,% Prebendary of
_ZFltl*l, once of this Colledge, Father to the
Reverend Dr. T/o: HO, late Chanter «,f Sarunz,
and sometime Colnmoner here.
332 ear/y Hs/ory of ]Ja//iol Co//e.,e
' To: Lord C'ove;d; T, and To." Coz,c;;tr), Fell«,w.
' ]'omas L«,rd Lvcd O' was of this Colledge, a
reat Iawyer" who became Kings Am,rncy
which Dignity he procured gIr. r«ht's Patent
afi,rcsaid] last of all Lord Keeper of the Great Seal,
hercin he lived for the space of 7 or 8 Years,
which he resigned up by his death. H e was born
in ll»r««stcr«hirc, Fathcr to my ]ord Cov«d 7 who
was likcwise of this t lousc; and Son to
»vct'), sometimcs Fcllov «,f this t l»use (and
aftervards ,t J udge at II i'slmi¢slcr) ste Scct. 3 I. and
'I)r. II'akcman was Fclh.)w of this Colh_'dgc, «,
l.ca,rn(.:d Man" but bath lcl-t n,» memorial ,»f himsclf,
besides Scrm,»ns Prcachcd at Court, &c. l'rintcd
0o3, and a Treatise call'd the truc Profcssor.
' Dr. Tho. tlol/oa,av, and Mr. osa'cl/.
' l)r. Thomas Ifolloa,«j, b()rn in ll'orccst«r, and
.qch,»lar to Ilcm'..l' Ç,'ig,'/t therc, Chaplain-Fellow of
this |Iouse, afterwards Vicar of St. Lazc,vcmc jm-y
Lo,¢«'o,¢ ; an excellent and assiduous Preachcr there :
cxcecdingly rcspcctcd of his Parishioners, which is
w,)ndcr, he being l)resented by the Colledge : After
his death, immediatly succeeded him Mr. lo'osa,cN
l'.'arA, llistor), of l«l/id Col/W« 3.33
(Fellow of this House too) after his return from
Stsain, with the Earl of Z?rislo,o: which Mr. Ios-
gave many Books to our Library, a Pcrson of
known equal worth and integrity with the «,ther.
' E»zu,zd Lill'.
' «/,mmt Li/lj, I).I). was many Years Master
of this Colledge, as appears bv the Catalogue of
Masters. He was an excellent 1)ivine, universally
read in the Fathers. all whose ()pinions he w, mld
reckon up upon an)" Question at Divinity 1)isputa-
tions in the Colledge ; and that with such volul»ility
«,f Language, and rivers of Eloquence, as ruade all
covet to hear him, and his very Enemies to admire
him. He was Chaplain to Q. F.Ii. and had been
preferred by Her, had not his 1,,ng-winded .qermon
displeased ! [er. when State-business occasioned
te» enjoyn him brevity.'
BENEFACTORS TO THE COLLEC, E.
260- 600.
I260. J«,hn de Balliol.' Assigned a sure of fixed
maintenance to be continued f«»r ev«r t,»
Scholars studying at Oxford.'
1282. Dervorguilla.Rented Old b'alliol Hall, for
John de Balliol's Scholars ; and granted them
'all the Goods of John de Balliol,' and all
287. the d«bts due to his estate.
334 Farl A. History O] l Balliol Coll:z'
2S 4. D«rvorguilla.- Purchased Mary Hall. for
ber 5cholars ; and ' all the Buildings and
p]ace in t[ors»«mcrs street without North-
gate, in .l[«dakn Parish, lying between the
l.and formerly belonging toJfr O, le Sauser
«,n the one part, and the Land of HRr
'¢[ace on the other': and she had the
hall, kitchen, and c, ther buildings erected.
l )ervorguilla gave lands in Stamfordham and
t towgh, in the county of Northumberland,
imrchased by her husband's executors, to her
I287. cholars, and their successors f«»r ever.
289-9o. Richard Hunsington and Valter Hork-
stow.To messuages" 'one call'd St.
Hughs-hall, the other Hert-hall."
294. Hugh de Vienne.A soke of land, and
several bouses, in the parish of St. Laurence,
J ewry, London; and the advowson ,)f the
Church of St. Laurence.
3o6-7. William Burnel. l'rovost of Wells.Seven
messuages in St. Aldates' parish ; one in St.
Martin's; a School of the Jews. and the
Synagogue. Also, 'the rest of the premises,
together with ten Shops.'
3o9-o. Gilbert de Pomfrait, and Thomas Humble-
ton.Land in Horsemonger Street.
3o. Hugh de XVarkenby, and William de
G,,tham.F,ur bouses in School Street,
oe«rlj, }iislo O, oS l}alliol Colh:ç« 33.5
with the area adjoinin them; for the sup-
port of a Chaplain, for the Cape] of .St.
Catherine, within the precincts of the Col-
lege.
13o-. Hugh de .St. Ivo, and Geoffrey de
Horkestowe.--Chimers Hall.
35-6. Richard de t[unsingoure.--'.oEll that
Tenement, with the Houses, Curtilage, and
all other the Appurtenances in the Parish
,,f St. John de Merton, lying between
hall and Lomb-hall, which "I'enement he had
of the Legacy of \Valter de Fodringheye,
Canon of I.incoln.'
37-8. Geoffrey de Horkestow, and Richard de
.Staynton.--Houses and land, near the City
\\rail, on the site of the Divinitv School.
319-20. Richard de t tunsingoure.--Twelve acres
of meadow, called I;ayly-mead, in the parish
of Steeple Aston.
1327. Nicholas de Quat)pelad, Abbot of Reading.
--Money and tituber, for building the Chapel
of .St. Catherine ; and one glass window for
the Chapel.
I327. Roger \Vhelpdale.--(In I327 and followin,g
years.) ]Ianuscripts for the Library.
34o-4 I. Sir \Villiam de Felton.The advowson
of the Church of Abboldesley; and the
IIanor thereof, including I{eestcm.
336 l:'arly History of l?alliol Coll«
3i..qir Philip de $omervyle.--'The advowson
of the Church of Mickle-Benton, in the
cunty of Northumberland, and in the dio-
cese of Durham. together with two plough-
lands of arable land, and twenty actes of
meadow, in the fields of the saine City.'
34_-43 . Thomas de Cave, Rector f \Velwick.--
Left in the hands of \Villiam de Broclesby,
Clerk, IOO. to buy the advowsons of the
Churches of Filyngham, Brotelby, and
Risom, in Lincolnshire, for the College,
' that the number «»f the Scholars might
be increased.'
375-76. John Burton.' The House and the Ap-
purtenances in .qt. l'eters Parish in the
Bayly.'
379-8o. Jhn Duke, and Julian, his wife.'A
)[es.uage and hp in t. Giles's Parish.'
3,q6-87. I-tamond Haskman. and Thcmas Cinlow
' Three Tc»fts and one Garden, with the
appurtenances contiguous to the House of
the Master and Scholars f Ballic,l-hall. f,,r
the enlargement of their Mansicm.'
14oi-2i. Richard Clifl]»rd; smetime Bishop
\Vorcester: and, afterwards, cf Londcm.--
Benefaction hot recorded.
4_7 . Thomas Chace, Chancellor of the Univer-
sity. and sometime Master of the Colleg'.
Ear O, Hi«tor.), of Æalliol Colle,e 337
Built the lower part of the Library, adjoining
the hall. And, also, contributed towards the
building of the hall, buttery, and the 3Iaster's
lodgings.
'45'- Robert Twaytes.--I3ooks for the Library.
435- George Nevil, I3ishop of Exeter.--An house
in St. Ebbe's parish. Other buildings.
13ooks.
46o. Stephen de Cornubia.--(t46o, or there-
abouts) Galen's works.
474-75. George Nevil, Archbishop of York.--
13uildings. Books for the Library.
t477-94. Robert Abdy, Master of the College.--
13uilt the part of the Library next to the
Chapel.
t478. William Gray, Bishop of Ely.--Completed
the building of the hall, and buttery. Re-
built the east window in the Master's dining
room. Gave rare Manuscripts to the
IAbrary.
478. Doctor Bole.Benefactions to the Library.
t487-88. \Villiam Kyrby, and Alice, his wife.
Gave Oddington Farm to the College.
492. John \Valtham. Gave Nottingamum
Anglum, in MS, super quatuor Evangelia.
S t 7- Thomas Harropp.
5"2_9. Laurence Stubbys.--East window fi»r the
Chapel; and, together with
Z
338 Early Itistory of la//iol Co//cge
i5_ 9. Richard Stubbys.--South window for the
Chapel.
I538. Mrs. Arme Danvers.--Gave 3 o. towards
repairing Rood Lane Tenements, greatly
injured by tire.
i555-56. Doctor J,»hn Bell, Bishop of \Vorcester.
--Property at Clerkenwell. And, it is sup-
posed, built the front gatexvay and tower.
i556. \Villia,n Wright, Master of the College.--
Gave, for the Chapel, 'an elegant Cor-
poralis' ; called, a ' Corpore's Case.'
i557. Antony Garnet, Fellow of the College.--A
silver spoon.
557- John Smyth.--Bequeathed six silver spoons.
i564. \Villiam Bell, Kellow of the College.--An
Horn to summons to dinner.
i564. Doctor John Warner, \Varden of All Souls.
--Bequeathed Z-:o. to the College ; 6/8 d to
the Master, 3/4 d to each Fellow, and I/8 d to
each Scholar.
1583. Antony Foster.--[_oo. to the College.
1583. Robert Crane.--A silver cup.
1593. \Villiam Hammond.--i IOO. to the College.
i6o2- 3. Peter Blundell.--
Ea>'lj llisto O, o Da/lil Collwe 339
PRINCIPALS, "VARDENS, AND
COLLEGE.
Walter de Fodringeye
Hugh de \Varkenby
Stephen de Cornubia
Richard de Chickwell
Thomas de \Valdeby
Henry de Seton
Nicholas de Luceby
John Poclynton
Hugh Corbrygge
Robert de Derby
John \Vyclif .
John Hugate
Thomas Tyrwhit
Hamond Haskman
William Lambert
Thomas Chace
Robert Burley
Richard Stapilton
\Villiam Brandon
Robert Twaytes
\Villiam Lambton
John Segden
Robert Abdy
\\:illiam Bell.
MASTERS
OF THE
I282
I296
3o9
3
33
327
332
x34o
356
x36o
366
37x
397
x4o6
412
I428
429
429
450
46
472
I477
496
12
340
,Ear/y tlisto 3, of 13«lliol Collent
Richard Barningham
Thomas Cisson
Richard Stubbys
\Villiam \Vhite
George Coote
William Wright
James Brooks
William Wright
Francis Babington .
Antony Garnet
Richard Hooper
Robert Hooper
John Piers
Adam Squier
Edmund Lilly
Robert Abbots
John Parkhurst
Thomas Lawrence.
George Bradshaw .
Henry Savage
Thomas Good
John Verre .
Roger Mander
John Baron
Joseph Hunt.
Theophilus Leigh
John Davey . .
John Parsons
I5O4
15II
1518
1523
1539
I545
I547
1555
1539
1560
I363
1567
I57o
I57I
158o
16o9
1616
1637
1646
I650
1672
I678
I687
I7o4
I721
1726
I798
FarIy lIÆlorj, o }YaIIol CoIIegc 34
Richard Jenkyns
Robert Scott.
Benjamin Jowett
gI 9
854
87o
Many of the earlier dates in this list of Masters
«tre not the dates of their admission to the Master-
ship; but only the dates of documents in which
they are mentioned as Masters of the Col]ege.
The dates of their elections have not been pre-
served. Some of the above names and dates have
been taken from manuscript corrections in a copy
of Balliofcrgus in the College Library.
XVhat of Balliol now ? And what of its surround-
ings ? More than three hundred years have passed
away since the Early History of the College can be
said to have ceased. There is a Modern H istory
since then. A story of the slow development of what
the College was in Mediaeval days, into what we see
it to be now: the collection of new buildings, and
new new-buildings, the sets of rooms where so many
of out English sons are gathered together. The
House of Balliol, founded, as we have seen, for poor
Scholars, has become an Home of Learning for the
rich, and for the poor; alike for the Lowlander, the
Englishman. and the Celt. They have forgotten.
.342 Early Histor.), of Balliol College
long ago, the old feuds of Northerners and South-
erners ; and live their three or four years in Balliol,
forming friendships which, begun under the shelter
and fascination of Alma Mater, endure through the
turrnoil of life's dusty highway, and remain as an
abiding honour for their old age
' so blest,
That by its side youth seems the waste instead.'
Under a common roof, proud of a common naine,
to-day Dervorguilla's Scholars prove that the bond
of honest work, and honest play, the home-feeling of
their College life, the comrnon share in the College
honours, are even stronger ties than the ties of
Nationality or of Citizenship. Citizenship stops at
the old stone walls. Nationality is limited to our
cliff-bound Idands. But Balliol men may be found
noxv among the people of that vast New XVorld
across the Atlantic; and among the sons of that
Older \\rorld of southern Europe and Asia. And
across seas, through ail the breadth of our 'old
green-girt, sweet-hearted earth,' the naine of the
House of Balliol is known and reverenced.
We know how the Mediaeval
his way to Oxford, begging from
and asking ahns along the road.
Scholar tramped
house to house,
XVe can imagine
Scholars skirting the forest of Shotover, and finding
the Horsepath which, through bramble and across
moor. led them to the East Gate of the City. If
arl.), tIi«to 7 of Balliol Colle, le 343
late in the day, the City would be dim and dusk; but
the sky warm and Iurid from the rays of the sun
just sinking beyond the ,Vytham hiIIs. WhiIeother
Scholars, after receiving hospitality at the Abingdon
Abbey, would be making their way along the beaten
track, in the midst of the underwood and bracken
ofwhat is now Bagley Vood. Perhaps a kindly
Lay Brother would walk part-way to Oxford with
them, to direct their steps, and point them the
Towers of Oseney, or the grey walls of the Domi-
nican House, in the distance. They would reach
Oxford in the early evening, the moon scattering
ghostly rays around them, and a thick white mist
rising from the river and the winding streams by
Trill Mill and Preachers' Bridge.
Ve Iike to go back in thought to those first
days; and fancy that we see the tenements, with
their sma]l-windowed, low rooms, and uneven roofs.
They were, probably, not unlike the old Benedictine
rooms at Worcester College, but hot so spacious ;
and the buildings n,_t so substantial as the old Hos-
pita], or Cripples' House, next to St. Giles' Church,
which must bave been built at about the-.same time
as Old Balliol Hall, St. Mary's Hall, and St. Mar-
garet's Hall. Some tall elms now shading the
garden quadrangle, were probably planted on the
site, and in the line, of Dervorguilla's grove. The
gravel paths across the front quadrangle, and round
344 .arl), Histor), .of talliol Colle, ce
the fine chestnut tree opposite the Master's house,
are indications of where she had ruade the ' pleasant
Valks and Groves.' The ground which Dervor-
guilla purch_sed for ber i»oor Scholars, in 284, has
been trod by numberless Scholars' feet since then.
The House she founded has sheltered many of her
own .cotch boys ; and hundreds of others bave faced
their first conflicts, and gained their first real know-
ledge, within its walls. The footsteps bave died
away with the centuries; and the stop" of lires is
left untold.
The old tenements are replaced by modcrn
buildings; the trees of the grove have died, and
others bave been planted ; the Portitorium .... ?
Lost. long ago.
Yet if Dervorguilla could revisit us, she would
find ber Scholars still in the Home she founded for
thcm. And if. in these pages, there seems to be
much of praisegiven to the 3Iediaeval da.w, and but
little said about the House of I3alliol now. or about
l)ervorguilla's Scholars of to-day, it is because the
names and the works of to-day are too near to us to
be spoken of here.
But, what makes the years at Balliol so dear. in
memory, afterwards ? I t is that, side by side with
the daily work, and the clinging friendships, came
the bright dawn of appreciation amid a world of
hautiful things. Of tll the beautiful sights and
L«rl 3, Ilisto o, af «lliol Col/W," 34 5
sounds of country;of all the rare, grey buildings,
suggestive of a peaceful Past, which Oxford is so
justly proud of; no memory is so
Balliol Scholars as the recollection
quadrangle in summer Term.
' \Vhile overhead the burning afternoon
Glowed as if *Iay had caught the heart of June.'
cherished by
of the garden
The Library deserves especial notice. It is the
best College Library in Oxford, excel»t Queen's.
Of the first books possessed by the College we know
nothing; but it is sale to conjecture that they were
few, and much worn. Antony à \Vood tells us
about the early Library of the Ionks of Durham,
and the books which are supposed to have been
given to Balliol. ' The llonks of Durham hauing
Then it is that the Old Library is most beautiful.
There is a silence in the air around it. The spirit
of the Past, which has been chased from every
corner of the College, has gathered itself together
around the quiet of that upstairs room, where Ianu-
scripts and books live in happy security. That is
the picture .Scholars carry away with them, when,
Oxford days ended, they bid farewell to the House
they bave learned to love. There are but few words
of parting ; but to each one there comes the thought,
perhaps the fear, that
' separate or together scarce our feet
\Viii find another pathway quite so sweet.'
346 Earl.)' History of l)«llioi ColIwe
begun to build a colledge or studying place for their
Nouices in ye north suburbs of Oxford about ye year
I-,9o on a certaine peice of land w ch they seuall years
before had purchased, Richard de Bury otherwise
Angeruyll Bishop of y' place not onely finisht &
partly endowed it but also before & at y time of his
death (w ch was I345) left thereto ail his bookes
(more than all y Bishops in England had then be-
sides) to y"- end y' y" scholars of y' colledge & of y"
\ mtlslty might vnder certaine conditions haue ye vse
of them. After they had been receiued, were for
many years kept in chers & in a certaine roome
under y" cuttody of seu°all scholars deputed for y'
i,url,ose, at length a Librarie being built in y' colledge
w" mof part of it was built w was in the raigne of
ll. 4. (\Villiam Appleby & Thom. Romo being then
succeçsiuely G uardians or \Vardens thereof) the said
bookes were put up in pewes or studies with a chaine
to mach for y" vse of scholars, w continuing in y'
m;,nner till y" colledge was dissolued by K H. 8.
were then taken & conueyed away, some to D.
Vml»hreys library (though there they did hot remaine
1,,ng neither) & others to Balliol Coll. library :'
No one has an)" knowledge of what became of
those books ; and it is impossible now to find any
trace of them. They must be reck'oned among the
good things lost. Perhaps they shared the fate of
' Antan.t, à lf'oo,t. 3I.ç. in Bodleian Library.
tarl:, liislory o.f 17al/iol CoHcc 347
the volumes in Duke Humphrey's Library. That
Library ' before it had continued 80 years in its
glory & the triumph of its rich treasure, obtained
from moPc parts in Christendome it with other
libraryes in the Vnisitie found Rifelers & Pla-
giaryes.' The splendid volumes given by Duke
Humphrey to the University suffered sadly. Any
that 'looked like missals, and conveyed ideas of
popish superstition, were destroyed or removed by
the pious visitors of the university in the reign of
Edward the sixth, whose zeal vas equalled only by
their ignorance, or perhaps by their avarice.' In
the reign of Edw. VI. 'certaine Visitors came to
reforme ye
\ nluslty, one of them by name Rich.
Coxe Deane Ch. Ch did with some others as zealous
as himselfe soe purge this place of all its rarityes
especially those y' had rubricks in them or sauoured
any way of superfition y' he left not one of those
goodly MSS giuen by y" before mentioned Benefac-
tors.' a It is a grievous story ; how ' some of those
books were burnt, some sold away for Robin Hoods
pennyworths either to Booksellours, or to Glouers
to presse their gloues, or Taylors to make measures,
or Bookbinders to bind books with, & the others the
Reformers kept themselues.' a In the reign of Cueen
1 Antony à IVood. 21lS. in Bodleian Library.
Hist. of En..Poetry. ,Varton, vol. ii. p. 45.
a A,ttott,, à ll'ood..ILS, in Bodleian Library.
348 Ear O, Ilistor.l' of lTallwl Collcgc
Mary, the books were searched for; ' there was
some inquisition made after them'; but only one
was discovered. The Balliol Library, with its gift
of books from Durham College, very probably suf-
fered in like manner.
The list of the printed books, which the Library
now contains, is a clue to the kind of reading followed
by the Fellows, at different periods. There is a very
fine collection of historical tracts, which might repay
the trouble of a careful sorting and examination:
«hile the very many volumes of medical literature,
now a,ltiquated and valueless, prove that medicine
was at one rime a favourite study. An interesting
article in Aotes amt Queri«s, Jan. e2, 88I, written
by Ca,mn Cheyne, formerly Fellow and Librarian of
the College, states that, ' Our collection of manu-
scripts is a large one, but contains few of interest
except to very special scholars. Out greatest bene-
factor was \Villiam Grey, Bishop of Ely [and Lord
Treasurer. 45,4-78]. t{e endowed us with hot less
than 12ï .'IS.%_'., including some, exquisitely written,
of works of Cicero. It is dif-ficult to specify the im-
portant MSS. when so much depends on knowledge
«f subjects not those of the present writer. " One
of your MSS. of Isidorus's EO,»wlogt'w," writes Ir.
5Iadan of Brasenose, " certainly supplements ail
l,ublished editions in several passages." But
Çoxe's ('a/a/o.Uttr is accessi|,le, and to lais paes I
Ear/.y Hzstor.), of Oalliol Collwe 349
refer the reader. He does not, indeed, include «»ur
most recent benefactions, mostly due to the kindness
of Mr. Greville Chester. These consist of various
Oriental manuscriptsmHebrew, Arabic, and Arme-
nian (not, however, of critical importance)macquired
by him in his Eastern travels. Among our printcd
books I ought to mention a choice collection of
English translations, and of early editions and trans-
lations generally, of the Bible; a coi»y of the i5i.-,
folio edition of the Sarum 3Iissal, with remarkable
MS. notes ; and two copies of Dean Nowell's Sma/l
Catcchism, both of which are the only copies known
of their editions. I may add a copy of an Italian
translation (interesting from the name of its author,
Brunetto Latini) of the tthics of Aristotle, printed
at Lyons anno 568. '
The fine room, which was the dining hall belote
the present hall was erected, is now known as the
Lower Library, or Reading Room. It is a ddightful
room for the purpose. But the books overflow
the shelves and bookcases ; and other rooms have,
also, to be used. One room, opposite to the Lower
Library, contains all the Chronicles published under
the direction of the Master of the Rolls, and called,
technically, 'The Rolls Series.' Some old stained
glass, which in former years was in the Chapel, is
now inserted in the centres of some of the large
windows on the east side of the Lower Library.
350 a rly Hislor)' of Balliol Colleffe
l'he St. Catherine glass, as it is called, is remarkably
rich in colour ; and, remembering the vicissitudes it
has experienced, is in fait preservation. 'It vas
found in a disused cellar,' )'ou are told, if you enquire
where it was originally. But the glass itself replies
that it was the old Chapel window, which repre-
sented the life of St. Catherine of Alexandria, the
Patroness of the Coilege. On it there appear to be
some remains of the black paint, which so kindly
helped to save windows from destruction, at the time
of the Reformation; and there are very evident
traces of the saine black protection in the beautiful
little bits of stained glass which still adorn the
windows of the Upper Library.
Always it is difficult to bid Good-b)'e to the friend
we value, or to the work we love ;
' lor words are veak and most to seek
Vhen wanted fifty-fold.'
\Ve could linger in the Upper Library, and take
down the Manuscril)ts , and admire the writing,
perfect and finished, in those large and small
volumes; and grieve over the pages from whence
some unknown hand stole the illuminated capitals.
There is Capgrave's autograph I tXIanuscript, to
touch and to hold ; the Co»zezla 3, on the tcls of
lhc ,4ost&s, which he dedicated to Bishop Gra)',
1 See, Preface to Ca]graz,c's Ckroticlc offn£1«nd, ed. Hingeston.
Early tlisto
and which Bishop Gray afterwards gave to the
Çollege. /klso a lXIanuscript of
Crceds, written in a large and careful hand. and
corrected in many places in Cpgrave's aut«,gr;tt»h
writing. There is an Hebrew Bible, exceptiontlly
fine as a specimen of beautiful and exquisite Hcbrcw
writing, with both hIasorahs in ornamental style.
And there is that beautiful little Manuscript Vulga.te,
with its closely-written lines, on vellum so rhin it
might be finest paper, and the writing delicate
finest print. In the glass case, is a ,XIanuscript on
vellum, a Book of Hours, Litany, and Psalms, rich
with highly-coloured illuminations. .A note at the
beginning of the book explains that it was round in
the thatch of an old bouse ; and was, the writer of
the note thought, probably hidden there at the rime
of the Reformation. The old thatch did its work
well. The book is in good preservation. OElso a
printed book, t-fore dt)e l'i'.inis
z'S droman, printed on vellum, and beautifully
illuminated afterwards. And there is a splendid
lXlanuscript, on vellum, of Ovid's E]Sisl/«s, translated
into Norman French, with the Latin text in the
margin, and with gorgeous illuminations. \'olume
after volume we might look at, and speak about;
but we must hOt stay.
The Chapel is quite modern ; btit some of the
* See, l'rêface to C,«]oE, t¢,ds Cltro,d«le of E**.¢l, tmt, ed. Hingcston.
35_ Early Hislory of ]3alliol Coll,e
windows are the old windows, mentioned by Antony
à Wood, in his description of the former Chapel.
The Fellows' garden, the small piece of ground
on the north of the Chapel and Library, and sepa-
rated from the larger garden by a low wall, was
«3ne of the various plots given in early days to the
College. The wide gravel path, which is parallel to
it..by the mulberry tree, was, we may quite safely
conjecture, part of the land which reached ' from the
way over against the East end of St. ,11. A[agdal«ns
Church, to the land of the Monks of 13unehn, now
Trinity Colledge ; passed over by Jeffrey Sawser to
ll5lllcr 'odringho'c, with liberty to give it to this
Colledge.'a Or the line of the gravel path at least
marked its boundary. Looking towards the ' Monks
of Dunelm,' ve see, inserted in the high stone wall,
which separates Balliol from what was their land,
several bits of very old carved stone, probably saved
from the old Balliol Chapel : ail, of stone, which now
remains of it. There is a mutilated figure hold-
ing an escutcheon, much vorn ; yet ve recognize
I3alliol's shield with the orle upon it. There, on
another piece of stone, is a St. Catherine's \Vheel ;
and a St. Catherine's \Vheel, again, on another,
farther off. On a rather larger stone are St. Peter's
two Keys. They were boldly and strongly cut, and
are very distinct. And, near, an Angel holds a
lalliofi''A.us, p. 29.
F.a rly Hislo O, o./" B«llio/CollWe 3 5 3
shield on which we see a carved heart, surrounded
by what might, in the rough and worn stone, be a
wreath of immortdles, or a crown of tvited thorns.
\Vas it a thought of Dulce-Cor ; or did a more sacred
thought prompt its carving ?1
These remnants of carved stones seem to bid us
look back once more to the early days, and re-
member ail that Bencfactors have done for us.
There cornes a longing to go back to the tir.st of ail,
to 'lean and love it over again.' to
' now forger and now recall,
Break the rosary in a pearly rain,
And gather what we let rail '.'
The sun is going westward ; the elm trees are
in shade. And we, standing here in the Fellows'
garden, within touch of the grey Library, under the
solemn dome of H eaven where the blue sky grows
pale, think once more of Dervorguilla, and of ail her
beautiful love for others ; her care for the living, her
care fo," the dead. And we remember, again, other
Benefactors. \\re think how each benefaction might
bave a story written about it, longer and more de-
tailed than this small book gives; which would
afford many glimpses into Mediaeval days, and would
tell us more about the i)eople who were ' exercised
1 In the south transept of the ruined Abbey of Dulce-Cor is a
carved heart, and the words ' Christus Maritus meus.'
In the College wall there are other pieces of carved stone, of equal
interest, but hot mentioned here.
A A
354 larlj, Hz'sto-, of 2alliol Collcge
in mind, pondering vhether they could do aught for
the Honour of His Name.' There is the much more,
that might be told, about the Oxford lIayors and
l$urgesses, who witnessed deeds of gift, and bave
left their names and their seals to be treasured
in the Balli«»l Archives. The Chancellors of the
University, also, had always a voice and an hand in
the gifts to the College. St. Lawrence, Jewry, with
its 3Ionastic associations, might bave an history of its
own written, which would tell something of the old
Ionastery at 3Iontreuil, and its poverty and ' urgent
necessity ;' and how the soke of land had to be sold,
and the advowscn of the Curch. And the account
«,f each gift to the College, of land or house in
Oxford, might be enriched with the honoured names
of the ancient City f, tnailies, and the Burgesses to
whom such properties first belonged. An history
might be written of each H,ll. or School, or tene-
ment. or toft. in Oxford, which became Balliol pro-
l-)erty by the generosity of friends and Benefactors.
Everywhere, in Oxford, as we walk by College
walls and gateways, or pass by narrow Entries and
Streets, and read the names which are like echoes
from the Past. a voice arrests us, and bids us think
«,f our forefathers with loving gratitude. Balliol
has its history ; here so faintly and so falteringly
s,:ctched. Canditch. with its Fish Ponds, and City
\\',tll, its Prison. and its Gates, bas one also.
iEarly Ilisto O, of lalliol Collcyc 3 5 5
Bocardo has perished ; but the walls of 'out Lady's
Chapel' near to Smith Gate, still stand. The
carving, now worn and broken, which is supposed
to represent the Annunciation, is still over the
door,--now the door to the book shop near the
entrance to New College Lane.
The Divinity School, one of the most beautiful
relics of Mediaeval Oxford, is instinct with memories
of the days and the deeds, which make its history
grand and pathetic. The site, or part of it, was
BaIliol ground once. Then, as we have read, the
University took it, in exchange for Sparrow I-lall.
This arrangement gave to the College its original
' Old BaIliol Hall,' and to the University the plot of
ground, in busy School Street, which was needed for
the Divinity School. It would be a long story to
tell, how money was coIIected for building this
School. How the University sent 'petitionary epi-
stles to seall persons to contribute towards y car-
rying on of y" work. The first y' appears to haue
benne written for y purpose was y to y" order of
S. Bennet w « shortly after was by y" care of Edm.
Kirton Prior of Glocester coll. in Oxt;_wd & others
presented to y" monks of y" said order in a generall
chai»ter of them held at Northamlton, beginning
thus Reuerendissimi in Christo patres et pr;estan-
tissimi domini &c. written last of June 427. or else
)- )-e_are going bef,re v« 'h rcquest of y'- \'lllllSlt)"
AA2
356 Early Histor A, of t3alliol College
being taken into consideration ye said monks con-
sented at length to giue them oo Il towards ye said
work conditionally y y" said schoole should be free
for their order" for y receipt of part of w c wee
haue y transcript of two acquittances riz. one dated
y" last of Aprill 8. H. 6. giuen to Ralph, Abbat of
Abendon for his paying of -"o marks and another
3. may y" same year to John \Vethamsted S.T.p.
Abbat of S. Albans for as much. about ye saine time
y' y said Epistle was written Hen. Chichley Archb.
of Canterbury gaue for y' purpose a plentifull SUlnlTl
\ nlUSltles letter of thanks to him testifie.
ofgoldasy" " "'"
\\ïlliam Gray Deane of Paules gaue another summe
of money, y" Deanes & chapters of Salisbury, \\'dis,
Exceter & Lyncolne, others, y monks or Canons of
y order of S. Augustine a considerable summe also,
to y" Presidents & Prelats of w c order sitting in a
generall chapter at iNorthampton y" \ musme had
belote sent their Epistle for y' purpose, ail w gifts
being receiued v«ith moneys also from other persons
especially from Humphrey ye good Duke of Glocester
(w « were considerable, soe much it seems y' he is
stiled .v" Founder of y said Schoole) the \ mUslty
l_ceeded to build a storie ouer it for a Library & y' y'
work might y" better goe forward they wrote a com-
plementall letter to y said Duke an. 44S telling him
how farre they had proceeded in their work & how
)- )- place it selle being fit f,r a library because
Earl), tistor), of Ba//iol Co//we 357
remote from secular noise offered him ye title of
Founder of it, y" w ch whether he accepted I know
not, he it seems took it soe kindly y' he did hot onlie
giue them moneys, but also two years after w n he
died IOO I more & di's choice ISS, w ch last being
\rmusltm vere reposed
with much adoe obtained by ye " " "
in y" old library till such rime this was finished.' x
They were generous Benefactors, and we like to
recognize the good Duke Humphrey among them.
There were other Benefactors, also. It is an his-
tory, rich with the names of men about whose gifts
and work more ought to be told.
The Divinity School is empty now. Not an
echo of the old Scholastic Disputations breaks the
silence. A young boy" loiters near the door, to tell
visitors to Oxford that it is, or xvas, the Divinity
School ; for, otherwise, they might not know it. And
he adds that it was used as Council Chamber, by
Charles I., when Oxford was a centre of civil dis-
cord. The Divinity School has its older and better
Past than that. And it has its sadder history also.--
' To conclude, all y' I shall further adde con-
cerning this place, is y' it suffered y sarne fate in y
raigne of Ed. 6. as y" Schooles of arts did. I t
suffered in its roof & gutters of lead xv ch being not
repaired for seuall years great dammage followed,
It suffered in its furniture, part of it being taken
' Anlo à ll'ood. «Lç. in Bodleian Library.
358 Erly llitory o.[ Balliol ColIw«
away by Mechanicks, in its windows adorned verie
curiously with ye pictures of Apostles Fathers &
armes of benefactours, most of them being then
broken downe & ye lead w eu Joyned then to other
glasse taken away. furthermore also hot onely
nettles bushes & brambles grew about y" walls
(soe disused was it & y other schooles adioyning}
but a stinking pownd for cattle erected close &
joyning to it ail v h being beheld with sorrowfull
countenances by y Romanists w their religion was
restored, were taken away & all things relating to
ye schoole it selle put into good order I557.'
School Street clamours to bave its story told.
I t would be an history of the Schools, and the
Teachers ; and of the men who listened, and learned,
and went out into the xvorld, owing ail that they
most prized to the lectures and Disputations in those
small and crowded tenements. Though so central,
rime bas been merciful to School Street. It is
quiet enough now ; and, opposite, the grass is green
around the Radcliffe Reading Room, and on the
north side of St. Iary's Church. In School Street
there was Balliol ground also; the four houses,
with the area adjoining them, which Hugh de \Var-
kenby and \Villiam de Gotham gave to the College,
for the support of a Chaplain.
M*tlo*t A" à II'oo,t. .ILS. in Bodleian Library
Early ttistor), of 13alliol Collwe 359
So we might wander thmugh Oxtbrd, and
recognize ' Balliol ' in almost every Street.
There are still rays of light upon the spire of
St. lIary's Church. The Statues we look up to
are clearer now, in the evening light, than when
the midday sun shines full upon them. There is
St. Cuthbert; and there St. Hugh, the 'Venerable
13rother,' mentioned in the Legate's letter to thc
Burgesses of Oxford. St. Cuthbert looks towards
Durham. St. H ugh, also, looks north, to his Cathe-
dral at Lincoln. For centuries those sightless eyes
have been bent on the old home, where his body
was laid to test. Our eyes follow our thoughts.
\Vhat do we see ? The Cathedral, which was his
Cathedral ; where, also, Oliver Sutton was Bishop ;
and others, who wrote letters, and granted Licences
to the College. Bishop Oliver witnessed Dervor-
guilla's foundation deeds ; and wrote that beautiful
and pious letter, which gave permission to Balliol
Scholars to ha,ce the Divine Office said in their own
Chapel or Oratory.
\Ve look farther north, and we see the ruins of
Barnard Castle, where John de Balliol and Dervor-
guilla Iived in great state; and where, in happy
days, they entertained Prince Edward. Farthcr
still, to Durham; and we remember John de
Balliol's penance, and the poor Scholars he was
360 Early History of Balliol ColleTe
maintain at Oxford. And we think about Bishop
Richard, and his love for books.
Very little farther north still, we see the ruins
of Dulce-Cor, the Abbey built by Derrorguilla, in
memory of her husband ; and where his heart was
placed, in the wall near to the H igh Altar. At
Dulce-Cor, also, Dervorguilla's body was laid, when
her spirit passed from this lire. \Ve look in vain for
ber tomb, or an)" trace of where she was buried.
There is no stone left to mark the spot ; no ruined
shrine, no broken carving, no time-worn words.
There is nothing but the ruin, to tell of her who built
the Abbey. and whose body sleeps there.
But the memory of Dervorguilla de Galwedia,
Domina de Balliçlo, will lire for very long in the
Home of her Scholars at Oxford.
INDEX
ABD
ABBOLDESLEY, 6, 6, 168,
7o, 77, 79
-- Church of St. Margaret, 262, 27
Abbott, Geo., Io4, 306, 328, 329
-- Robt., 306, 328, 329, 340
Abdy, Robt.,95, IOl, Io2, lO5, Io8,
218, 302, 32o, 32I, 328, 337, 339
Abingdon, 25, 29; Abbey, 25,
343 ; Abbot of, I58, 356
Adynton, Stephen de, 59
Agnes, St., 86, 87
A/an, Fitz-Comte, 75, 78-8o
Alan of Galloway, 39, 48, 49, 5 I, 87,
88
Alan of York, 43
A/an, Thomas, 26o
Albertus blagnus, 37
Alexander VI., Pope, 233, 234 , 237
Aleyn, Dr., 27'3
AIfred the Great, 8-I2
All Saints, 2I
All Souls College, Io3,293, 338
Alphege, St., 258
Amalric, II6, II7, I55
Andrews of Hayles, 34
Appylbe, Tho., 253
-- Will. 346
Aquinas, St. Thomas, 36
Armachanus, Rich., 302
Asce, Peter, 213, 214
Ascham, or Aschum, Robt., 265,
266
Ascolock, Rouland, 78
Asser, 9, IO
BAI.
Atkins, Lawr., 281
-- Rich., 99, 225
Atkinson, Mr., 25.1,
August of Devon, 43
Augustine, St., 356
Austl} ne, Tho., 26o
Avignon» 136 , 137 , 172 , 176, 177,
232
Avranches, Abbey, 21% a 11 ; Abbot
of, 21o» 212-215
Aylesbury, John de, 148 , 149
IABINGTON, Mr., 25I
-- Francis, 340
Bacon, Robert, 33
-- Roger, 33, 36
Baconthorp, John, 303
Bagshaw, Chris., 326
Bale, Dr., 33, 337
Ball, John, 293
Balliol, House of, 47, 48, 55, 76-79,
81,93, I22, I23, 25, i26, 132, 133 ,
I35, I36, I66, 184, 185, 204, 206,
208, 21o, 230 , 234 , 235 , 238 , 342 ,
344
-- Alan de, 51
-- Alexander de, 5
-- Bc.r_".ard de, 5 I
-- I)ervorguilla de. ç¢-g Dervor-
gui/la
-- Edward de, 51, 85, 86
-- Engelram de, a3, 5 I
-- Eustace de, 51
36_
BAL
Balliol, Guy de, 50, 5I
-- Henry de, 43, 51
-- Hugh de, 51, 83, 84
-- John de, 7, 39-42, 44, 45,
55, 59, ho, 70, 71, 73, 7-84, 87,
88, IO7, I76, 260, 297 , 333, 352,
359
-- John, son of John de, 84-86, I3
-- blarjory de, 5 t
-- ,Valter de, 75
Barbere, Rich., 29I
Barker, Roger, 255
13arnard Castle, 47, 49, 5 o, 87, 88,
3Ol, 359
Barningham, Rich., az0, 340
Baron, John, 34o
Barry, Tho., lO7
Bayker, Will., 261
Beamond, Robt., "-67, -"96
/3ecke, Tho., 97
Beeston, 335
Bell, John, IO1, 107, 221, 222,
296, 323-338
-- Will., 95, lol, _220, 338, 339
Benedict, St., 211-213, 355
]',erkley, Walter de, 5 I
Lernard, St., I2, 91
Bertram, Robt., 84
Besills, Peter, 35
Blundel, Peter, 216, 338
Blundy, John, 31
Blunston, Mr., 54
Bocardo, 355
Bodely, Sir Thos., 312
]3okingham, John, Bishop of Lin-
coln, 97
Bologna, University of, 12
Bonaventure, St., 36
Bonhill, Silnon de, 36
Boniface VIII., Pope, 85, 241
t?,onkis, x.Vill, de, 94
Boswell, Mr., 33 _, 333
]3otilbury, Gilbert, lO8
Boughton, Mr., 225
Bradley, Will., 54
a 1 A, Hislory of talliol Colleg«
CAT
Bradshaw, George, 340
Brandon, x.Vill., 339
]3rendon, Simon, IO8
Bright, Itenry, 33I
Broad Street, I-4, 57
Broclesby, Will. de, 93, 2IO-23,
336
Brodley, Mr., 254
-- Tho., 26o
Broebden, Mr., 272
Brogden, Mr., 279
Brooks, James, 280, -"82, 34, 340
Brotleby, 2IO, t2-»15, -69, 336
Brown, Gilbert, 89
Walter, 254, 260
Browne, Mr., 272
13urcestre, Will. de, 59
Burfurth, 224, 290
Burge, Will., 81
Burley, Robert, 339
Burnet, ,Vill., 147, 148, 15o, 15
163, 164, 334
Burton, Mr., 254
-- Edmund, 251,260, 26I
John, lO6, I62, 336
]3urwash, Henry, 97
Bury, Richard de, 183, 184, 207',
209» 346, 360
C AND1TCH, 3, 4, 55, 13o, 162,
323, 354
Canterbury, 12, 30, 31, I61
Abps. of: Gilbert, 3I 3 ; William,
312
College, 158, 159, 281
-- Christ Church, Prior of, 159
Carfax, 44
Carpenter, Alex., 3o 3
-- John, lO7, 3o3
Carter, Mr., 278, 281
Cary, Rich., 59
Castell, Ann, 34
Catherine, St., 76, 96, 97, lO0, lO4,
I13, I25, I26, 128, 131 , 135 ,
CAT
138-14o , 163, 185, 224, 254, 266,
273, 289, 294, 335, 35 °
Catherine Wheel,'162, 163, 286, 352
Cave, Tho. de, 94, 2Ie, 21I, 336
Celestine I I., Pope, 12
Chace, Tho., lOO-IO2, IO5, lO6, 3I I,
336 , 339
Chamberlane, Henry, 51
Chancellors of the University, 18,
19, 21, 22, 24, 36, 43, io% lO3,
III, 112, 185, 190 , 197, 205-208,
228) 302) 304, 311, 316, 318, 336,
354
Charles I., king of England, 35, 89)
324, 357
Chichley, Henry, 356
Chickwell, Rich. de, 124, 339
Chirkham, Walter de, 45, 46
Chisilhampton, Adam de, 83
Christ Church, 91, 148, I59
Christian, dau. of Alan, 39
Cinlow, Tho., 161, 336
Clairon, Mr., 273
Clement VI., Pope, 165, 168, 172 ,
213, 229, 262
Clerk, Martin, 78
Clerkenwell, 220, 22 I) 251 ) 284, 323,
338
-- Monastery, 221) 222
Clifford, Rich., lO6, 322, 336
Cnaresburg, XVill., 58
Collinger, Rich., 263, 264
Cologne, 36, 300
Compton, Will., 1o% 225
Coot, John, 269-27I
Corbrygge, Hugh, 125, 339
Cornubia, Stephen de, 124, 147, I48,
319, 337, 339
Corpores case, 53, 284, 338
Corpus Christi College, 243, 328
Cosinn, or Cosyn, Robt., 267, 272,
273, 278, 279
Cotes, Dr., I6O, 323
Cott, or Coot, Geo., 260, 268, 269,
272, 274, 276, 278, 340
DUR
Cventry, Tho., 33"
Coxe, Rich., 347
Coyolde, Dr, 2fi4
363
Crane, Robt., 327, 338
Cranston, Lord, 89
Crauncewyk, John de, 58
Crealawe, 76
Croke, John, 274, 2ï7
Crome, Will., 279
Crumwell, Tho., 256 , 274, 276
Cumin, John, 5 I
Curry, John, 4à
Cuthbert, St., 359
DALDARBY, John, 97
Danvers, Lady Anne, 267,
268, 297, 338
Davey, John, 340
David, king of Scotland, 5o, 51
Denmark, 36
Derby, Robert de, 339
Dervorguilla, 2, 7, 39, 47-54, 57-60,
65, 69-72, 74-77, 8o,8I, 84,86-88,
92,96 , 11o-113, 12, I29, 131,132,
138 ' 142 , 161, I66, 176, I8O-183,
227, 230, 295, 299, 308, 333, 334,
342-344, 353, 359, 360
Digby, Sir Kenelm, 312
Divinity School, 144, 312, 335, 355,
357
Dokelinton, John de, 146 , I48
Dominic, St., 34
Dominican House, 343
Duke, John and Julian, I62, 336
Dulce-Cor, 52, 53, 353, 360
Dumfries, 53
Dundee, 52
Dundreynan, Abbot of, 78
Duns Scotus, 36, 298, 299, 3o7
Duquer, 87
Durham, 4o, 41, 46, 359
-- Bishop of, 4o, 4, 44-46,85, lO8,
I I2, 200, 206, 207, 209
--Monastery, 183; monks of. 9,
364
tarly tlistory of talliol Coll, ze
DUR
94, 83, 9 °, 2°5, 206, 345, 352 ;
Prior of, 205-207
Durham, William of, 8, I3o, 3o2
-- College, 348
EAST GATE, 3
Edmund, St., 25-32
Edward I., king of England, 80, 84,
88, 93, ]2o-]25, 143, ]44, 146,
147, J63, ]64
Edward II., king of England, 93,
96, ]24, ]25, 127, 128, ]46, 147,
164.
Edward I I I., king of ingland, 58,
59, 94, 124, 143, 148, 16I, 162,
165, 167, 211, 218, 3o3, 308
Edward 1V., king of England, ]o4,
io8, 217-2I 9 , 3]7, 32o
Edward VI., king of England, lO2,
a19, 221, 347, 357
Edward, king of Scotland, 182-
]84, 208, 209
Eist, Will., 29o
Elizabeth, queen of Eng'..and, 2]6,
«17, "-53, 254, 306, 328, 333
Ely, Thomas, 2]6
Engleby, 79
Erdswicke, Tho., lO 5
Eu, J. de, 56, 82, 111, 112
Eugenius IV., Pope, -'28, 26--, 263
Eure, Hugh de, 77, 78, 8o
-- Stephen de, 75, 77, 8o
Ewe, Philip de, 56
Exeter College, 293
Eynsham, I33, 134
lq'ACET, Henry, 119
-- William,
Faculty, 6
Feckenham, ] 5o, 151
Fellows of Balliol College, 57, 186-
J88, I92, 194-198 , -"o2-2o4, "31,
234, 236, 239, 244-249, 254, 255,
258-264, 266-269, 271-275, 278-
584, 286, 288-29L 3oi, 3o2
GLO
Felton, Will. de, 165-69, 73, 8o,
Ferbit, Will., ]o8
Ferrara, University of, 3o5, 3]5,
319
Fetteplace, XValter, 57, 93, ] ] , 334
Ffrannt, Mr., 272, 278
Filyngham, 21o, 22-215, 3ol, 31o
Church of, 269, 270, 272, 336
Fishacre, 33
Fisher Buildings, 2, 57
Fitz-Cane, Dovenild, 78
Fitz-Roger, Robert, 77
Florence, 1o2
Fortibus. $Vill. de, 39
Foster, Antony, 338
John, 26o, 268
Fotheringay, 5o, 72, 74, 83
-- XValter de, 75, 77,78,8],94, ]]],
] I2, I24, ]27, ]44, 307, 335, 339,
352
Fox, Rich., Bishop of Winchester,
238, 243, 244
Francis, St., 33, 37
Free, John, 3o4, 3o5, 3 ] 5
Freer, $V., 34
Friars, 28, 34, 36, 37, 52, 70, 72, 152,
153
Friary, Dominican, 33, 34, 53, 152-
55, 157
-- Franciscan, 33, ]52, ]53, 299
Frideswide, St., 2], 55
GALLOWAY, 52, 61, 87, 88
Gandavo, Simon, I 12
Garnet, Ant., 282, 285, 338, 34o
Gascoigne, Tho., lO3, 3]8
Gaudia, 295-297
Gaveston, Pieds, 35
Gersingdone, Nicholas de, 83
Gilbert of Dunfermline, 44
Gilleroth, 49
Giraldus Cambrensis, ]3
Gloucester, 80
[n&'x 365
GLO HUN
Gloucester, Humphrey, Duke of, ' Henry I., king of England, 2, ,2
xo7, 302, 3o4, 312, 313, 346, 347,
356 , 357
Gobyun, Hugh, 84
Godwine, Tho., 29t
Golafre, J., 35
Good, Tho., 34o
Gotham, Will. de, 96, 1"5, 126,
138, I4", 334, 358
Gravesend, Benedict, 35
Greme, Barthw., 282
Grey Friars, 34, 53, 69, 3oo
Grey, William, Bp. of Ely, 95, 98,
IOO, IO2, IO5, lO8, 129, 296, 3o2,
3o7, 319-321, 337, 348, 35 o, 35 I,
356
Grosseteste, Robt., 3% 38
Grymbald, St., 8-12 ; his crypt, I I
I{ALLS :--Alban, I26-I28, 144,
35 ; Balliol, 7, 55-6o, 92, 93,
II2, X24, x3o, I48-I5I , 159 , 161-
x63, 169, 173, 207, 238, 333, 336,
343, 355 ; ]3roadgates, 147 ;
Chimers, ,58 , 159, 335; Hert,
I27, I28, 42-I44, 334; Lomb,
126, 335 ; Maydenhall, 16 ; St.
Edmund, 32 ; St Hugh, 143, 144,
334; St. Margaret, 56 , 58, 59,
93, 94, IiO, 343; St. Mary, 7,
56-59, 93, ,1I, 16I, 334, 343;
Sawcer, 56, 161; Sparrow, 55,
56, 59, I6I, 355 ; University, 8
H amrnond, \Vill., 338
Hammond's Lodgings, 55, 57, 59,
92 , 103
Hamstley, Rodolph, 295
Harrope, Tho., o7, 216, 295, 337
Haskman, Hamond, 161, 336, 339
Headington, 8 -83
Hecsaum, Geo., 254
Helen, dau. of Alan, 39
Hengseye, Tho., 145
Henley, Sir a, Valter, 221
-- II., king of England, 3
-- I I I., king of England, 30-32 , 38,
40, 42, 45, 47, 125
-- IV., king of England, 312, 346
-- V., king of England, 219, 3o3,
3o9, 312
-- VI., king of England, 94, 98, lO4,
218, 3o4, 312, 317, 32o, 356
-- VI I., king of England, 95
--VIII., king of England, 34, 98,
lOe, 131 , 215, 2eI-224, 228, 23o,
233 , 234, 25I , 256 , 262, 266, 274,
278, 281, 289, 290, 346
Herbury, Nicholas, IO6
Hertilpoll, Hugh de, 61, 64, 70, I24
Hertwell, John, 263, 264
Herys, John, IO7
Hethingham, John, 228
Hevorth, Tho. de, 57, 93
Heyford Hill, 82
Heyford, Robert de, 8I
Heynes, 216
Higginson, Alan, 282
H igh Street, 44
Hoghton, Peter, 253
Holland, Tho., 306, 327
ttolloway, Tho., 332
Holywell, 2, "4
Hooper, Richard, 34o
-- Robert, 34o
Horkstow, Jeffrey, 144-146, 158,
x 59, 335
-- \Valter, 143, 144, 334
Horsemonger Street, 2, 4, 7, 55, 56,
7o, 93, , I61, 334
H ow, J., 34
Howgh, 112, 142, 334
Howrnfrey, Lawr., î'9
Hubberden, Will., z77
Itugate, John, 339
Hugh, St., 19-21 , 23, 24, 38, 359
Humbleton, Tho. de, 93, 334
Hunsingoure, Rich. de, IZ6-IZq,
I38, 142, 143, 335
366
IIUN
Hunsingoure, Tho. de, 80
lqunsington, Rich., I43, 144, 334
Hunt, Joseph, 34o
tluntingdon, David, Earl of, 5o, 88
Hyde, Dr., 331
H ydes, Tho., 283
1 lygdon, John, 99
[ FF LEV, 82
lngulf, I I
llmcent I I., Pope, 2
-- I I I., Pope, I
I reland, 36
ltaly, 36, IO2
]AMES, King, to3, 2t5-217, 328,
329
Jeddeworth, Abbey, I67 ; Abbot of,
Jenkyns, Rich., 341
Jewels, " I6
John, king of England, 8-Io, 5,
40, 5 !
Jonson, John, 289, 290
Jowett, Benj., 341
Joyner, Robt., -87
Julius II., Pope, ",28, 237 ,
262
KE,IIS, Lawr., 33 °
Kendal, Tho., 253 , 260
Kennington lsland, 82
Kepeharme, Lawr., le e6
Kingeston, Nicholas de, 82
Kings Street, I58
Kingston Road, 83
Kirton, Edmund, 355
Kyngeston, D, ïll., 24
Kyrby, Vill. and Alice, 337
Kyrnessale, Will., 58
Kytson, John, 261
Early History of Balliol Collwe
MAL
LAMBERT, Will., 339
Lambton, Will., 339
Langton, Stephen, 26, 27
Lawrence, Tho., 340
Legate, 6, I6, I7, 4% 43, 86
Leicester, Church of St. Martin,
254
Leigh, Theophilus, 34o
Leson, Tho., 99
Lidington, 76
Lilly, Edmund, 333, 34o
Lincoln, I3p. of, I3, 18-24, 35, 97,
177, 220, 272s 280, 282, 283, 291
-- Oliver, Bp. of, 75, 96, 97, I ! I-
I13, I31-135, 138, 359
Litheare, John de, 24,
Littlemore, I27
Lobbens, John, 289, 29 °
Lochleven, Prior of, 88
London, Bps. of: Eustace, II7 ;
Robert, 233 ; Thomas, 233
-- Churches : St. Andrew, Hoberd's
Lane, 219 ; St. Lawrence, Jewr3",
IO7, I13-123, 138, I42, 255, --256,
262, 263, 26, 281, 332, 334, 354 ;
St. Margaret Patens, 28, 29,
267 ; St. Mar3", Bow,
-- Priories: St. Bartholomew, 263;
Chrichirche, 263
Longspei, Lad), Eliz., 295
Luceby, 1Nicholas de, I24, 4o,
339
Lucie, Nicholas,
Lucius VII., Pope, 12
Luke, St., 67, 258, 259 , 267, "79
Luterel, John, 146
IABEL, 25, 26
Maculaitch, Thomas, 78
Macune, John, 81
Magdalen Coll., 99, 293
Malclerk, VCaltm; 35
Malco]m, King of Scotland,
Mah-erne. John,
MAN
Mander, Rogcr, 34o
Margaret, St., So, 7, 193, 2os
Margaret, dau. of David, I
-- Quccn of England, 147, 149,
I So
Marisco, Adam de, 36
Marius, Antonus, IO
Mark, St., 78
Martin, St., 8I, 82 Martin V., Pope, 322
Mary, Queen of England, 306, 348.
See also Philip and Mary.
Menyl, V¢ill. de, 6I, 64, 70, I24
3Ierton, x.Valter de, 3 °
Merton College, 2, 9I, I27, 128,
:93, :99-3 ol , 3 °8
Michael, St., I7, 2I
Mickle Benton, I80, I85, 231,
336
Montreuil, Monasteryof, II4-I18,
354
3Ioor, Mr., 331
Morras, Tho., :54
Morton, near Thame, 2 I7
.Mungumbre, David, 255
Mychell, Mr., 26I
NASH, Hierome, 216, 2I 7
Nedham, Bnan, :8:
Neot, St., IO, I2
Nevell, Geo., 94, 95, IO0, lO6,
217, 218, :77, 296, 3o2, 3o7, 316-
3 I8 , 337
-- Rich., IO8, 316
New Abbey, 52 88 ; Abbot of, 88
New College, 355
Newers, Edmund, 269-27I
Nicholas, St., I8, 22, 35
Nicholas of Tusculum, 6, I7, eo
Nigel the Scot, 43
Norfolk, Duke of, :2I
Normenhale, Andrew de, 59
North Gate, 2, 8I, III
Northam, 8--
367
OXF
Northumberland, 5 o, 76, 1I-% I8O-
I85, :99
Norton, Edmund, :96
Notyngham, John de, 58
Nowell, John, :60, 273
O' John de, 8I
Occham, x, Villiam of, 3 6
Octo, 242
Octobonus, _._' - Old Tower, I, 95
Orgum, Ralph, 228
Oriel College, IO3, I59
Oseney, Abbey, I3, 43, 44, 343;
Abbot of, 18, 2i, I33 , I34
Otham, Tho., I4O, I41
Otyndon Farrn, 218-220, 337
Oxford--
-- Churches : St. Aldate, 147-I49,
334; Ail Saints, 44; St. Ebbe,
33, I62, 337; St. Edward,
154, 157, 158 ; St. Frideswide,
:, 33, 9 I, I26, 162, 278, 28I ; St.
Giles, 162, 330, 343 ; St. John de
Merton, I26, 335; St. Martin,
I47; St. Mary 3Iagdalen, 4, 7,
56, 58, 8I, 82, 94, 95, 13o, I3I,
I62, 163, 321,334, 352; St. 3Iary
the Virgin, 28, 32, 33, leS, I63,
249, 358, 359; St. Michael, 3, 2 I,
148, 3o5 ; St. Mildred, I43, 145,
I46; St. Peter, II, 28, 33, 249;
St. Peter le Bailey, 162, 336
-- St. Frideswide PrioB-, 13-" Prior
of, 2, 18, 21, 56, 158, I59
-- City archives, 5
--- City wall, "-4, 146, 354
--University, 5, 7, 8, 15, I7, 22,
24, 27- 29, 36, 43, 44, 55, 56, 6o,
70, 76, IO% IO6, I I I, I 12, I44,
I63, I66, I73, o8, 234, 38, 239,
6
43, 245, 246, 251, - 3, 265, 66,
269, :74, 28I, 293, 95, 303, 3 o6,
3o8. 328, 355, 357
368 Early Hsto 0, of ]]«lhol Collcgc
PAR
p.\RADISE Square, 33
Paris, Univ. of, 26, 326
Park, Mr., 26I
Parke, Tho., '67, 269
l'arkhurst, Dr., 329, 34o
l'arsons, John, 34o
-- Robert, 3o2, 3o6, 324, 326
l'atrick, John, IO7
Paul II., Pope, 3o5, 316
l'eggy, John, 59
l'eircy, lien., lO8
l'ekham, Peter, IO6
l'embroke, William, Earl of, 3 I2
Pembroke Coll., I47
l'eter the Scotsman, 43
Peyrson, John, -'253
l'hilip and Mary, 22I, 223, 280, 282,
283
l'iers, John, 324, 340
l'lugh, Gêrard, 254
Poclynton, John, 124, 339
l'oleter, Adam de, 96, 97, I39, 14o
Polston, 34
l'ont de Sorg-uês, 172 , I76, 177
Pontefract, Gilbert de, 93, 334
-- Tho. de, 57, 93
Pontignac, 30-32
l'ool, Edward, 297
l'opham, ,Mr., 225
Portitorium, 53, 64, 69, 344
l'ulein, Robt., 12, 13
(--')UEEN'S College, 311, 345
"" Quelpdale, Roger, IO7
Querppêlad, Nicholas de, 96, I39,
14o, 335
Quincy, Roger de, 39
Quitter, Elias le, I26
RALF, 43
Ramsay, -'20, 24
Raynmnd Lully, 37
Reading, I6
SAV
Reading, Abbey, 96, I4O, I4I;
Abbot of, I39 , I4O, 33
Rede, \Vill., IO9
Reginald of Cunningham, 43
Rich, 33
Rich, Reinald, 25
Richard II., King of England, IO,
I59 , 160, I62, 309
Richardson, Robert, 286
Richmond, 300
Rievalle, Monks of, 77
Rsom, 2IO, 2t2-215, 336
Robert, 40
Robynson, Mr., 26I
Rochêstêr, 12
Rodwell, Roger, 11 I, 1 I2
Rogêr the Scotsman, 43
Rok, Robert, 263
Rome, 5, I2, 243
-- Church of St. Cêcilia, 274
Ronlo, Tho., 346
Ronuauld, 78
Rood Lanê, 338
Rotheram, Richard, 304
Russêl, John, 22o
SACKVILLE, Isabella, 222, 223
St. Albans, Abbey, 38, 42,
9I, 314 ; Abbot of, 356
St. Davids, 3Ionastêry, 9
St. lvo, Hugh, I58 , i59 , 335
St. John's Collêge, 9 I, 92
St. Salvius, 3lonastêry, 114-118 '
I55
Salisburi, Sir John, 284
Salisbury, 32
Salvên, Richard, 269-27I
Sandford, \Valter de, 145 , 146
Sartês, 2 I6
Savagê, Hem-y, 74, III, 119, I28,
146, 2 I7, 340
Sawcer, Jeffrêy de, 56, 94, 11 I, 334,
352
-- John le, 94
lndcx 369
SCH
Scholars of Balliol College, 7, 47,
48, 57, 58 , 6o, 61, 64, 76-79, 83,
III, 112, 120, 122, 123, 126, 129,
13o, 132, t33, 135, 139, 14% 145,
t46, 149, 159, 161, 163, 168, 169,
17% 83, t84, 186, 191, 194, 195,
198-2ol , 204-208 , 21o, 230 , 231-
242, 247, 25o, 259, -"63, 265, 282,
-88, 29h 3o8, 333, 336, 342, 344,
345, 359, 360
Schools, Beaufront, 26
School Street, 6, 28, 29, 32, 33, 96,
125, 126, 138, 142, 251,334, 355,
358
Scott, Mr., 254
-- Henry, 251,259 ,
-- Robert 34I
Seacoles, 2 t6, 2 t 7
Seal, the College, 226
-- Dervorguilla's, 60
Segden, John, 219, 339
Selden, .Mr., 312
Selewode, Richard de, 59
Seton, Henry de, t24, 339
SexxT, John de, 93
Shagnes, Rich., 284, 306
Shirewood Forest, 45
Shotover, 43, 44, 342
Sixtus IX.'., Pope, 318
Skelton, Tho., !o7
Skyptoun, Rich., to7
Slatter of Eynsham, 57, 93
Slikeburne, Richard de, 69-7-", 74,
79, ! 83
Smith, John, 220
-- Gare, 2-4, 355
Smyth, Mr., -"79
--John, 267, 272, 273, 8o, 282,
285, 338
-- Richard,
Somervyle, Margaret de, 202
-- Philip de, 138 , 8o-85, :07-2o9,
227, 231, -"96, 3ol, 308, 31o, 336
-- Roger de,
Southwood, John, 22o
TUR
Sowy, Tho. de, 126
Spens, John, 1o8
Spotiswood, Robert, 89
Squier, Adam, 324, 34o
Stafford, 1o 5
Stamfordham, I-',, 142, 334
Standlake, Rectory of, 26o
Stanhope, Ralph, !o 5
Stapilton, Richard, 339
Statutes, Dervorguilla's, 6 I-69
-- Bishop Fox's, 244-250
-- Sir Philip's, ! 84-209
Stavely, XVilI., 1o6
Staynton, Rich., t44-t46, 335
Steeple Aston, !",8, 138 , 335
Stillington, Bp. of Bath and XVells,
3t7
Stod|egh, Henry de, 59
Stop, Mr., 272
Stubbs, Dr., 261
-- Lawrence, 98-1oo, 224, 296, 337
-- Richard, !oo, 265, 338, 340
Sudbury, Simon, Bp. of London,
227, 228, 232 , 234 , 238 , 241
Sutton, John de, 58
Sweetheart Abbey, 89
Sydyerd Street, t 58, 59
Symsell, John, 77
"I-'AC KLEY, 2t 5
Tartays, 305, 321
Taler, Will., 280, 282
Tesedale, John de, 78
Theobald, Abp. of Canterbury, ! 2
Thomas, St., 67
-- son of Alan, 48-50
Tholnson, Mr., 272 , 273, 279
-- John, 285
Tiptoft, John, 3o4, 314
Tiverton School, 216
Tredwell, T., 34
Trinity College, 57, 93, 293
Tungeland, Abbot of, 78
Turl Gate, 3
BB
37o
Twaytes, Robert, 314, 337, 339
Tynemouth, Prior of, 4o, 4I
Tyrwhit, Tho., 55, 6o, 339
Earl), H'isto 3, of Bal[iol Co[lege
U N IVERSITY COLLEGE, 8, 44
-- School, -_8I
Urban V., Pope, I35, I36, I38, "-27-
-.230 , ...62
Urban VI., Pope, 97
\/'ACARIUS, 12, 13
Vanling, Abr., 99
Venice, 1o2
Verre, John, 34o
Vicenza, Bishop of, 86
Vienne, Hugh de, I3, I20-I"-3,
334
\VADHAM, Nicholas, 98
-- College, 2_'24
Vakeman, Dr., 33"-
Walderby, Tho. de, 124, 339
Wall, Stephen, 35
Waltham, John, 3o, 337
XVard, Tho., o7
-- "[ho., 263
Warkenby, H ugh, 96, 24-126, 138,
I42, 334, 339, 358
Warner, John, IO3, 338
,Varnerius, 8
Warren, Isabel, dau. of John de,
5I
Welwick, 2 IO
Wenman, Tho., 328
WVN
Wentworth, l'eter, IOO
Wepere, John le, 8I
Whelpdale, Roger, o9) 304, 3tl,
335
Whitfield, Hem3" de, 228
Whithern, Bishop of, 78
Whryt Will., 295
-- Edward, 295
Whytt, Will., 22% 255 , 26I, 273, 274,
334
Wichnor, I8O, 84, I89. 9o,
Wigton, 5_'2, 53
William I., king of England, 5 °
William II., king of England, 5 °
Wilton, Will., 3o3, 3IO
Winchester, IO, 39
-- Bishop of, 3 I
-- Monastery at, o
Winton, Andrew, 88
XVombewelle, Robert, IO7
Wood, Antony à, 29, 3"-,
i, I9, 24, 66, I8O
Woode, Robert, "-84, 3o6
Woodstock, 25-"-7 , 28I
Worcester, XVilliam, Bishop of, 308
-- College, 9, 343
-- School, 33
Wormenhale, Tho., 83
XVorseley, Chr]stopher, -"67-269
Wotton, 215-217, 28I
Wright, Will., "-55, "6, "-68, "-83,
338, 34o
Wychenbrook, 19-12
XVyclif, John, 3oo, 3Ol, 3o8, 339
Wygeton, 78
Wyntouns Chronicle, 5% 52
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