EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
PRIOR TO A.D. 1153
PUBLISHED BY
JAMES MACLEHOSE AND SONS, GLASGOW,
the
MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD., LONDON.
New York, • • The Macmillan Co.
London, • • • Simpkin, Hamilton and Co.
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MCMV.
Early Scottish Charters
Prior to A.D. 1153
Collected, with Notes and an Index, by-
Sir Archibald C. Lawrie
Glasgow
James MacLehose and Sons
Publishers to the University
1905
>.
777
GLASGOW : PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND CO. LTD.
PREFACE
IN 1800 the Deputy-Keeper of the Records of Scotland
suggested the publication of the Royal charters granted
prior to the reign of Robert the Bruce, and in 1814 it
was stated in the Preface to the Register of the Great
Seal that some progress had been made in the work, but
it was abandoned, and now more than a hundred years
later I have endeavoured to collect the charters and other
documents written in Scotland, or by or to Scotsmen,
prior to the death of David I. in 1153. The task has
been comparatively easy, because nearly all the charters,
etc., had been printed, one hundred and thirty-four in
chartularies by the Bannatyne Club, fourteen by the
Maitland Club, six by the Spalding Club, five by the
Grampian Club, and others by the Surtees Society and
the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.
To Dr. Raine I am indebted for forty-three original
charters, in his magnificent work on North Durham.
I have taken seventeen letters and ecclesiastical docu-
ments from the second volume of Haddan and Stubbs's
' Councils/ and eleven charters from Dugdale's ' Mon-
asticon.' Besides these I have reprinted charters from
the Record edition of the Scots Acts of Parliament,
from M. Merlet's 'Cartulaire de 1'Abbaye de Tiron,'
from Mr. Farrer's 'Lancashire Pipe Rolls,' etc., from
Stevenson's * Illustrations,' and from Morton's ' Monastic
Annals.'
Some charters from manuscripts in the British Museum
vi PREFACE
and in the Register House in Edinburgh are here printed
for the first time.
I hope some readers may be glad to have these
documents collected in a single volume, printed in intelli-
gible Latin, with explanatory and critical notes.
The little that is known of Scottish history before
the end of the eleventh century is derived from English
and Irish chronicles and annals. If there were earlier
Scottish writers, and if grants and transfers of land
were committed to writing, the writings have perished ;.
only a few notitiae written in the twelfth century record
the tradition of older grants to two or three religious
houses. Not many of the charters of the first half
of the twelfth century remain ; the majority have
come down to us copied in the chartularies of several
monasteries ; most of these copies are genuine, though
some were composed by monks anxious to make a
title to lands the original grants for which had been
lost.
I have in the notes expressed doubts as to several
charters which have hitherto been accepted as genuine.
If my criticism of the foundation charter of Scone, of
the c Inquisitio David,' and others, be well founded,
some conclusions drawn by historians must be modified.
The charters granted to English monasteries by King
David and Earl Henry draw attention to the fact that
they held Carlisle and many lands in Cumberland, that
they were Earls of Northampton and Northumberland,
and were lords of the Honour of Huntingdon.
Mr. Farrer discovered in the Register of the Abbey
of Shrewsbury charters which proved that King David
for some years held the honour of Lancaster north of the
Ribble. It is probable that other charters of King David
and his son may yet be discovered in England.
I have in my notes tried to illustrate the history and
character of many remarkable men, — the Kings, Edgar
PREFACE vii
Alexander and David ; Turgot and Eadmer and Robert,
Bishops of St. Andrews ; Hugo de Moreville; John, Bishop
of Glasgow ; William Fitz Duncan ; William Cumyn, the
chancellor, Earl Henry — these and many others become
very interesting when the charters and chronicles are
studied.
I have not included in this volume the Assise David
nor the Leges Quatuor Burgorum, as I do not consider them
to be genuine productions of the reign of David I.
The Assise David which appears in the older MSS.
contains many laws later than the reign of King David ;
the attempt by Mr. Thomas Thomson, more than three-
quarters of a century ago, to cull from many manuscripts
those laws which belong to the first half of the twelfth
century, was not, I think, entirely successful.
The Leges Quatuor Burgorum were compiled after
burghs had become self-governing corporations. In the
reign of David I. burgesses had not passed beyond the
stage of being the king's immediate tenants, holding
tofts in the land round a castle, owing rent to the king,
with defined duties of watching and warding, and pro-
tected by privileges, especially in regard to buying and
selling.
The history of Scottish law, and the separation of
what was borrowed and what is of local origin, deserve
more space than the limits of this volume admitted.
I thank Mr. Maitland Thomson, the Rev. Mr. Paton,
Mr. Murray Rose, and my friend, Professor Kirkpatrick,
for kind encouragement and assistance.
A. C. L.
THE Moss, January -, 1905.
CONTENTS
Text Notes
Charter. page. page.
I. Notitiae of Grants to the Church of Deer, A.D.
565-1100, ------- i 219
II. Letter of Alcuin to the Monks of Candida Casa,
A.D. 782-804, 3 226
III. Notitia of an agreement between the Keledei of
Loch Leven and the Bishop of St. Andrews,
ante A.D. 955, 4 228
IV. Charter (spurious) : Malcolm II. to Bishop Beyn
of Mortlach, A.D. ion, 4 229
V. Notitiae of Grants by Macbeth and Gruoch, King
and Queen of Scots, to the Keledei of Loch
Leven, A.D. 1040-1057, 5 231
VI. Notitia of a Grant by Maldunus, Bishop of St.
Andrews, to the Keledei of Loch Leven,
ante A. D. 1055, 6 233
VII. Notitia of a Grant by Tuadal, Bishop of St.
Andrews, to the Keledei of Loch Leven,
A.D. 1055-1059, - 7 234
VIII. Notitia of a Grant by King Malcolm III. and
Queen Margaret to the Keledei of Loch
Leven, A.D. 1070-1093, 7 234
IX. Letter from Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury,
to Margaret, Queen of Scotland, A.D. 1070-
1089, 7 236
X. Charter (spurious) : Malcolm III. to the Church
of Dunfermline, A.D. 1070-1093, - 8 237
XI. Notitia of a Grant by Modach, Bishop of St.
Andrews, to the Keledei of Loch Leven, ante
A.D. 1093, - --- 9 239
x EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Text Notes
Charter. page. page.
XII. Charter by King Duncan II. to the Monks of
St. Cuthbert, A.D. 1094, - - - - 10 240
XIII. Notitia of a Grant by Donald son of King
Conchat, 1 1 242
XIV. Notitia of a Grant by Ethelred, son of King
Malcolm III., to the Keledei of Loch
Leven, A.D. 1093-1107, - - - n 243
XV. Charter (spurious ?) : King Edgar to Durham,
A.D. 1095, .-.-. 12 246
XVI. Confirmation (spurious?): William II., King of
England, A.D. 1095-1100, 14 249
XVII. Charter (spurious): King Edgar to Durham,
A.D. 1095, - 14 250
XVIII. Charter by King Edgar of Coldingham to the
Monks of St. Cuthbert, circa A.D. 1098, - 16 250
XIX. Charter by King Edgar to the Monks of
St. Cuthbert of Coldingham and other
lands, circa A.D. 1 100, 16 253
XX. Charter by King Edgar granting Swinton to
the Monks of St. Cuthbert, circa A.D. 1 100, 17 256
XXI. Charter by King Edgar granting Paxton to
the Monks of St. Cuthbert, circa A.D. 1 100, 18 258
XXII. Charter by King Edgar granting Fishwick,
etc., to the Monks of St. Cuthbert, circa
A.D. 1 100, 18 258
XXIII. Notitia of a Grant by King Edgar to the
Keledei of St. Serfs, A.D. 1097-1107, - 19 259
XXIV. Charter by Thor Longus to the Monks of St.
Cuthbert, circa A.D. 1105, 19 259
XXV. Letter from Anselm, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, to Alexander I., A.D. 1107, 20 260
XXVI. Confirmation by King Alexander I. to the
Monks of St. Cuthbert of their right to
Swinton, circa A.D. ii 10, - - - 21 263
XXVII. Mandate by King Alexander to the Prior of
Durham regarding Swinton,
circa A.D. mo, 22 263
CONTENTS xi
Text Notes
Charter. page. page.
XXVIII. Letter from Alexander I., King of Scots,
to Ralph, Archbishop of Canterbury,
A.D. 1115, 22 263
XXIX. Confirmation by Earl David of Swinton
to the Prior and Monks of Durham,
circa A.D. 1117, 23 265
XXX. Confirmation by Earl David of Swinton to
the Monks of St. Cuthbert,
circa A.D. 1117, - - 23 267
XXXI. Confirmation by King Alexander I. to the
Monks of St. Cuthbert, circa A.D. 1 1 18, 24 270
XXXII. Writ by Earl David regarding the rights
of the Monks of St. Cuthbert to
Horeworedene, circa A.D. 1118, - - 25 270
XXXIII. Thor to Earl David regarding Ednam,
A.D. 1107-1117, 25 274
XXXIV. Confirmation by Earl David of Thor's grant
of Ednam, A.D. 1117-1124, - - 26 274
XXXV. Charter by Earl David founding the Abbey
of Selkirk, circa A.D. 1 1 20, - - 26 275
XXXVI. Charter (spurious?) by Alexander I. found-
ing Scone Priory, circa A.D. 1120, - 28 279
XXXVII. Letter from Alexander I., King of Scots,
to Ralph, Archbishop of Canterbury,
A.D. 1 120, 30 288
XXXVIII. Letter from Ralph, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, to Alexander I., King of Scots,
A.D. 1 120, - 31 288
XXXIX. Letter from Alexander I., King of Scots,
to Ralph, Archbishop of Canterbury,
A.D. 1 120, 33 290
XL. Letter from Ralph, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, to Alexander I., King of Scots,
A.D. 1 120, 34 290
XLI. Letter from Eadmer to Alexander I., King
of Scots, A.D. 1 1 22, ... 35 291
XLII. Letter from Ralph, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, to Alexander I., King of Scots,
A.D. 1 122, 38 291
xii EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Text Notes
Charter. page. page.
XLIII. Pope Calixtus II. to Alexander I., King of
Scots, A.D. 1 1 22, 39 292
XLIV. Pope Calixtus II. to John, Bishop of Glas-
gow, A. D. 1 122, 40 292
XLV. Pope Calixtus II. to John, Bishop of Glas-
gow, A.D. 1122, - - 41 293
XLVI. Grant by Earl David of a hundred shillings
from Harding estrorna for the use of the
Church of Glasgow, circa A.D. 1123, - 41 293
XLVI I. Charter by King Alexander I. of the island of
Loch Tay to the Canons of Scone, circa
A.D. 1123, 42 294
XLVI 1 1. Grant by King Alexander I. to the Church
of Scone of the can and custom of a ship
and of protection to the merchants
bringing goods in the ship, A.D. 1124, - 43 295
XLIX. Grant of jurisdiction by King Alexander I.
to the Prior and Brethren of Scone, A.D.
1124, 43 297
L. Notitia of the history of the see of Glasgow
and of the Inquisitio by Earl David as
to the extent of the lands of the church
of Glasgow, circa A. D. 1124, - - 44 299
LI. Charter by Earl David granting in elemosinam
the lands held under him by the monks of
Daventry, A.D. 1114-1124, 47 304
LI I. Confirmation by Earl David of the grant by
Robert de Brus of Karkarevil to the Abbey
of St. Mary at York, A.D. 1114-1124, - 47 305
LI 1 1. Charter by Earl David to Roger the Arch-
deacon of land in Totenham, A.D. 1114-
1124, 48 305
LI V. Charter by King David granting Annandale to
Robert de Brus, circa A.D. 1124, - - 48 307
LV. Pope Honorius II. to David, King of Scots,
A.D. 13 April, 1125, - - 49 310
LVI. Charter by King David granting to the Monks
of St. Andrew at Northampton the Church
of Potton, A.D. 1124-1130, ... 50 310
CONTENTS xiii
Text Notes
Charter. page. page.
LVII. Confirmation by King David of the rights of
the Monks of St. Andrew at Northampton,
A.D. 1124-1130, 50 311
LVII I. Confirmation by King David to the Monks of
Northampton of a grant of forty shillings
from the rents of Bedford, A.D. 1 124-1 130, 51 311
LIX. Confirmation by King David to the Church of
St. Augustine at Daventry, A.D. 1124-1130, 51 312
LX. Confirmation by King David to the Monks of
Northampton of the Church of Brawfeld,
with a virgate of land and rights in the
wood of Yerdelay, A.D. 1124-1130, - - 52 312
LXI. Mandate by King David regarding the pay-
ment of tithe to the Church of Dunferm-
line, circa, A.D. 1125, 52 312
LXI I. Grant by King David to the Church of Dun-
fermline of the tithe of the King's lands
of Dunfermline and dwellings in four
burghs, circa A.D. 1125, - - - 53 3I3
LXI 1 1. Pope Honorius II. to the Bishop elect of
Candida Casa, circa A.D. 1125, - - 53 3*4
LXIV. Profession of Gilla-Aldan, Bishop Elect of
Candida Casa, to Thurstin, Archbishop
of York, circa A.D. 1126,- - - - 54 314
LXV. Confirmation by King David of Coldingham
and other lands to the Monks of St.
Cuthbert, A.D. 1126, - - - - 54 3H
LXVI. Mandate by King David that no distress be
taken on the land nor from the men, of the
Church of Dunfermline, except for their
own debts, circa A.D. 1126, - - - 55 3*5
LXVI I. Mandate by King David that no distress be
taken on the lands of the Church of St.
Andrews for the debt of a stranger, circa
A.D. 1126, 56 317
LXVI 1 1. Grant by King David to the Church of Dun-
fermline of three serfs, circa A.D. 1126, - 56 317
LXIX. Charter by King David to the Church of
Dunfermline of a toft in the burgh of
Perth, circa A.D. 1126, 57 318
xiv EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Text Notes
Charter. page. page.
LXX. Mandate by King David regarding the
fugitive serfs of the Church of Dun-
fermline, circa A.D. 1126, - - - 57 319
LXXI. Charter by King David granting to the
Monks of the Church of St. Andrew
at Northampton tithes and lands in
Scaldeford and Exton, circa A.D. 1 126, 58 320
LXXI I. Charter by King David to the Church of
St. Cuthbert in Edinburgh, circa A.D.
1127, 59 321
LXXI 1 1. Charter of Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
granting to the church of Coldingham
freedom from aid, cain, or conveth,
A.D. 17 July, 1127, - - - - 59 322
LXX IV. Charter by King David to the Church of
Dunfermline confirming the grants of
preceding kings, and granting many
lands and privileges, circa A.D. 1128, - 61 323
LXXV. Declaration by King David regarding the
consecration of the Bishop of St.
Andrews at York, A.D. 1128, - - 63 327
LXXVI. Declaration by Thurstin, Archbishop of
York, regarding the consecration of
the Bishop of St. Andrews, A.D. 1128, 64 328
LXXVI I. Grant by King David to the Church of
Dunfermline of the tithe of his house
at Perth, circa A.D. 1128, 65 328
LXXVI 1 1. Grant by King David to the Church of
Dunfermline of a tithe of gold from
Fife and Fothrif, circa A.D. 1128, - 65 328
LXX IX. Grant by King David to the Church of
Dunfermline of the Church of Inver-
esk, circa A.D. 1128,- - - - 66 329
LXXX. Record of the Trial of a complaint by the
Monks of St. Serf's Island against Sir
Robert Burgonensis, A.D. 1128, - - 66 329
LXXXI. Confirmation by Robert, Bishop of St.
Andrews, to the Canons of Holyrood
of Leuing's grant of the Church of his
vill, circa A.D. 1128, 67 331
CONTENTS xv
Text Notes
Charter. page. page.
LXXXII. Declaration by Robert, Bishop of St.
Andrews, that the Church of St. Mary
in Kelso is free from episcopal exact-
ion, circa A.D. 1128, - - - - 68 331
LXXXII I. Charter by King David to the Church of
St. John in the Castle of Roxburgh,
circa A.D. 1128, - - - - 69 332
LXXXIV. Charter by King David to the Abbot and
Monks of Dunfermline, granting free-
dom from service on castles and
bridges, etc., circa A.D. 1130, - - 69 333
LXXXV. Mandate by King David to preserve the
rights of the Church of Dunfermline,
circa A.D. 1130, ..... 70 334
LXXXVI. Grant by King David to the Abbot of
Dunfermline of the tithe of the King's
rent from Stirling, circa A.D. 1130, - 71 334
LXXXVI I. Mandate by King David in favour of the
Abbot and Monks of Dunfermline re-
garding ships trading at Inveresk,
circa A.D. 1130, ..... 71 334
LXXXVI 1 1. Grant by King David exempting a ship
of the Abbot of Dunfermline from
custom, circa A.D. 1130, 72 335
LXXXIX. Declaration by King David that the Prior
of Durham had acknowledged the
freedom of the Church of Coldingham,
circa A.D. 1130, ..... 72 335
XC. Confirmation by King David of the
boundary between Coldingham and
Bonkyl, circa A.D. 1130, - - - 73 335
XCI. Charter by King David to the Church of
Dunfermline of a ploughgate in Craig-
millar reserving the liferent of the wife
of Roger Cass, circa A.D. 1130, - - 74 336
XCI I. Confirmation by Robert, Bishop of St.
Andrews, of King David's grants to
the Abbey of Holyrood, circa A.D.
74 336
XCIII. Confirmation by King David of the rights
of the Abbot of Holyrood in Airth,
circa A.D. 1130, ..... 75 336
b
xvi EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Text Notes
Charter. page. page.
XCIV. Confirmation by King David of the rights of
the Church of Dunfermline to the shire of
Kirkcaldy, circa A.D. 1130, 76 337
XCV. Notitia of a grant to the Church of Deer,
ante A.D. 1130, 77 337
XCVI. Mandate by King David that no one take
anything from the lands granted by
him to the Church of Holyrood, A.D.
1130, 77 33&
XCVI I. Notitia of a grant by Gartnait and Ete, A.D.
1131-1132, 78 33&
XCVI 1 1. Charter by King David to the Priory of
the Holy Trinity in London, circa A.D.
1132, 78 339
XCIX. Charter by King David granting to the
Monks of St. Cuthbert the church of
St. Mary at Berwick, A.D. 1130-1133, - 79 341
C. Charter by King David granting Swinton
to Hernulf, circa A.D. 1135, - - - 79 34*
CI. Charter by King David granting Swinton
to Arnolf, circa A.D. 1135, 80 341
CII. Pope Innocent II. to John, Bishop of
Glasgow, Nov. 29, 1131, 81 343
CII I. Charter by King David to the Abbey of
Dunfermline of the tithe of his can
from Fife, Fothrif and Clackmannan,
circa A. D. 1133, 81 344
CIV. Charter by King David granting Govan to
the church of Glasgow,
circa A.D. 1134, 82 345
CV. Mandate by King David regarding the
jurisdiction of the court of the Abbey
of Dunfermline, circa A.D. 1135, - - 83 345
CVI. Charter by King David of a fishing to the
church of Coldingham, circa A.D. 1135, - 83 346
CVI I. Notitia of a grant by Colbain, Mormaer of
Buchan, and Eva his wife and Donnachac
Toisech, exempting a church from se-
cular burdens, circa A.D. 1135, 84 346
CONTENTS xvii
Text Note
Charter. page. page
CVIII. Charter by King David to the church of Dun-
fermline of a fishing in the Tweed and
of a toft in Berwick, circa A.D. 1136, - 84 348
CIX. Charter by King David granting Perdeyc to
the church of Glasgow, circa A.D. 1136, 85 348
CX. Charter by King David to the monks of
Urquhart in Moray of twenty shillings
annually from the rent of the burgh and
fishings of Elgin, circa A.D. 1136, - - 86 350
CXI. Charter by King David granting a toft at
Ednam to the church of St. Cuthbert at
Coldingham, circa A.D. 1136, 86 351
CXI I. Confirmation by Earl Henry of the rights of
the monks of Daventry, circa A.D. 1136, 87 351
CXI 1 1. Charter by Earl Henry granting to the church
of St. Neot's, twenty shillings annually
from his mill of Huntingdon, and
confirming his mother's grant of the
church of Enesburc, circa A.D. 1136, - 87 352
CXIV. Confirmation by Earl Henry of a grant of
forty shillings from the rent of Hunting-
don to the monks of St. Andrew at
Northampton, circa A.D. 1136, 88 353
CXV. Confirmation by Earl Henry of the rights of
the church of St. Andrew at North-
ampton, circa A.D. 1136, 88 354
CXVI. Charter by King David to the Church and
Bishop of Aberdeen, A.D. 1137, - - 89 354
CXVI I. Charter by Earl Gospatric granting Ederham
and Nesbit to the monks of St. Cuthbert,
ante A.D. 1138, 9° 355
CXVI 1 1. Charter by King David granting the church
of Linlithgow to the church of St.
Andrews, circa A.D. 1138, 90 356
CXIX. Charter of Protection to the Priory of
Tynemouth, A.D. 1138, 91 358
CXX. Mandate by King David to the Sheriff of
Roxburgh to hold the lands which
Gospatric of Dunbar gave to the monks
of Durham, A.D. 1139, 92 359
xviii EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Text Notes
Charter. page. page.
CXXI. Confirmation by King David of the grant
by Gospatric of Ederham and Nesbit
to Coldingham, A.D. 1139, - - - 93 359
CXXI I. Charter by King David to the church of
St. Andrews of the church of St. Mary
at Haddington, circa A.D. 1139, - 93 360
CXXI 1 1. Charter by King David granting a mark
of silver annually to the monastery
of Wetheral, circa A.D. 1139, - - 94 360
CXXIV. Charter by Earl Henry granting freedom
from toll to the monks of Wetheral,
circa A.D. 1139, 95 3&i
CXXV. Charter by King David granting to the
church of St. Kentigern at Glasgow
the tithe of his can of beasts and pigs
from Strathgryfe, Cuningham, Kyle,
and Carrick, circa A.D. 1139-1141, - 95 361
CXXVI. Charter by King David to the church of
Glasgow of the eighth penny of his
pleas in Cumbria, circa A.D. 1139-1 141, 96 362
CXXVI I. Mandate by King David to the Sheriff of
Stirling to give a saltpan to the Abbot
of Dunfermline, circa A.D. 1140, - 97 363
CXXVI 1 1. Charter by King David granting Pethen-
each to the church of Dunfermline,
circa A.D. 1140, 97 364
CXXIX. Protection by Earl Henry of the possessions
of the monks of Durham, circa A.D.
1140, 98 364
CXXX. Mandate by Earl Henry to Earl Gospatric
to respect the rights of the monks to
the lands of Ederham and Nesbit,
circa A.D. 1141, ----- 98 365
CXXXI. Charter by Earl Henry granting to the
monks of St Cuthbert a fishing in
the Tyne and a ploughgate of land,
circa A.D. 1141, ... 99 365
CXXXI I. Mandate by King David to Reinwald Earl
of Orkney, to protect the monks of
Durnach in Caithness, A.D. 1140-1145, 100 365
CXXXI 1 1. Confirmation by Earl Henry of the grant
of Ederham and Nesbit by Gospatric
to the monks of St. Cuthbert at Cold-
ingham, circa A.D. 1141, - - 100 366
CONTENTS xix
Text Notes
Charter. page. page.
CXXXIV. Charter by King David granting Clerche-
tune to the church of St. Mary of
Haddington, circa A. D. 1141, - - 101 370
CXXXV. Charter by Earl Henry granting Clerche-
tune to the church of St. Mary of
Haddington, circa A.D. 1141, - - 102 371
CXXXVI. Charter by King David to the Abbey of
Tiron, circa A.D. 1141, - - 103 372
CXXXVI I. Charter by Earl Henry to the Abbey of
Tiron, circa A.D. 1141, - - 104 373
CXXXVI 1 1. Charter by King David to the monks of
Shrewsbury of their moiety of Bispham
and their other possessions within the
Honor of Lancaster, circa A.D. 1141, - 105 373
CXXXIX. Charter by King David to the monks of
Shrewsbury of the church of Kirkham
and land of Bispham, circa A.D. 1141, 106 374
CXL. Confirmation by King David of the grant
to the church of St. Mary at York, by
Adam the son of Swain,
circa A.D. 1141, .... 106 375
CXLI. Charter by King David to the Abbey of
Melros, circa A.D. 1143-1144, - - 107 375
CXLI I. Charter by Earl Henry to the Abbey of
Melros, circa A.D. 1143-1144, - - 109 378
CXLI II. Charter by King David granting to the
Abbey of Dunfermline the tithe of land
in Atherai in exchange for the tithe of
land in Cambuskinel, circa A.D. 1142, no 378
CXLIV. Charter by King David of Neubotle to
the Abbey of Newbattle, A.D. 1 140, - no 378
CXLV. Charter by King David of Morthuweit to the
Abbey of Newbattle, circa A.D. 1142, - in 379
CXLV I. Charter by King David granting Neubotle,
Morthwait and Ruchalech to the
church of St. Mary at Newbattle, and
confirming a grant by Robert ferrarius,
circa A.D. 1142, 112 379
CXLVII. Confirmation by Earl Henry to the Abbey
of Newbattle, circa A.D. 1142, - - 113 380
xx EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Text Notes
Charter. page. page.
CXLVIII. Charter by King David, to the Abbey of
Newbattle, of Ruchale, circa A.D. 1142, 113 380
CXLIX. Charter by King David granting a saltpan
in Kalentyr, to the monks of Newbattle,
circa A.D. 1142, 114 380
CL. Confirmation by Alwyn, Abbot of Holyrood,
to the Abbey of Newbattle, circa A.D.
1142, 114 381
CLI. Declaration to the Abbey of Newbattle by
Alwyn, Abbot of Holyrood, regarding
the boundaries of Pittendreich,
circa A.D. 1142, - - - 115 382
CLII. Charter by Norman, the Sheriff of Berwick,
granting to the Abbey of Holyrood the
Chapel of Corstorphin, circa A.D. 1142, 115 383
CLI 1 1. King David's Great Charter to the Abbey
of Holyrood, 116 383
CLIV. Charter by King David to Edward, a monk
of Coldingham, of a tithe of fishings, - 119 386
CLV. Charter by King David granting Pittenweem
and Inverin to the monks of May,
circa A.D. 1143, - - - - 120 387
CLVI. Charter by King David granting common
rights in the wood of Clackmannan
to the priory of May, circa A.D. 1143, - 120 388
CLVI I. Charter by King David granting Crefbarrin
to the church of Dunfermline,
circa A.D. 1143, 121 389
CLVIII. Mandate by King David "De muliere leuif
et suis fugitivis," circa A.D. 1143, - 121 389
CLIX. Charter by King David granting to the
Abbey of Kelso a saltpan in Carsach,
circa A.D. 1143, 122 389
CLX. Charter by King David to the canons of
Holyrood of fifty-two acres of the land
of Dalkeith, circa A.D. 1144, - - 122 389
CLXI. Charter by King David granting Rindalgros
to the Abbey of Reading, A.D. 1143-1147, 123 390
CLXII. Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
endowing the Priory of St. Andrews,
A.D. 1144, 124 390
CONTENTS xxi
Text Notes
Charter. page. page.
CLXIII. Charter by King David confirming the
rights of the Priory of St. Andrews,
circa A.D. 1144, 126 390
CLXIV. Charter by Earl Henry confirming the
rights of the Priory of St. Andrews,
circa A.D. 1144, 128 390
CLXV. Bull by Pope Lucius II. in favour of the
Priory of St. Andrews, A.D. 1144, - - 129 393
CLXVI. Charter by King David to the monks of
May granting liberty to sell their fish, 131 394
CLXVI I. Charter by King David to the monks of
May granting to their ship freedom from
toll, 131 394
CLXVI 1 1. Charter by King David granting to the
canons of St. Andrews a. fishing and a
toft in Berwick, and freedom from toll
and liberty to buy corn and flour, - 132 394
CLXIX. Declaration by Robert, Bishop of St.
Andrews, that he had founded the
burgh and had granted land to Main-
ardus, the Provost, circa A.D. 1144, - 132 394
CLXX. Charter by King David granting to the
church of St. Andrews a fishing in the
Tay, circa A.D. 1144, - - - -133 396
CLXXI. Charter by King David to the Hospital of
St. Andrews of the land of Kenlachyn,
circa A.D. 1144, 134 396
CLXXI I. Charter by King David granting Lesmaha-
gow to the Abbey of Kelso, A.D. 1144, 135 397
CLXXIII. Confirmation by John, Bishop of Glasgow,
of the grant of Lesmahagow to the
Abbey of Kelso, A.D. 1144, - - - 136 397
CLXXIV. King David orders Edward the monk of
Coldingham to supply wood,
ante A.D. 1136, 137 398
CLXXV. Confirmation by Earl Henry of a grant of
the church of Sprouston, by John,
Bishop of Glasgow, to the Abbey of
Kelso, circa A.D. 1144, - - 137 398
xxii EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Text Note;*
Charter. page. page,
CLXXVI. Charter by King David of Rauendena to
the church of St. Mary and St. John
at Kelso, circa A. D. 1145, - - 138 398
CLXXVII. Confirmation by Earl Henry of the rights
of the monks of St. Cuthbert in
Swinton, circa A.D. 1 145, - - - 138 399
CLXXVI 1 1. Confirmation by King David of the grant
by Gospatric to the church of Cold-
ingham of Ederham and Nesbit,
A.D. 1147, ..... 139 399
CLXXIX. Charter by King David granting to the
church of St. Mary at Stirling the
lands of Cambuskenneth, etc.,
A.D. 1147, 140 400
CLXXX. Bull by Pope Eugenius III. in favour of
the Abbey of Stirling, A.D. 1 147, - 141 401
CLXXXI. Bull by Pope Eugenius III. giving the right
of electing the Bishop of St. Andrews
to the Prior and Canons of St.
Andrews and suppressing the Keledei,
Aug. 30, 1147, 143 402
CLXXXI I. Agreement between the Bishop of St.
Andrews and the Abbot of Dun-
fermline regarding the church of
Eccles and the chapel of the Castle
of Stirling, A.D. 1147-1150, - - 146 403
CLXXXIII. Confirmation by Earl Henry of the grant
by Earl Gospatric, of Ederham and
Nesbit to the monks of Coldingham, 147 404
CLXXXIV. Charter by King David granting to the
Priory of May a toft in Berwick,
A.D. 1147-1153, - - - - 148 404
CLXXXV. Confirmation by Robert, Bishop of St.
Andrews, of the addition to the
endowment of the church of St.
Laurence at Berwick, A.D. 1147-1153, 148 404
CLXXXVI. Charter by King David to Alexander de
St. Martin of the lands of Alstaneford,
etc.,- ... - - 149 404
CLXXXVI I. Confirmation by King David of the grant
of Eversate to the church of St. Bees,
by Matilda, the wife of Godardus,
circa A.D. 1147, - - - - 150 405
CONTENTS
XXlll
Text
Charter. page.
CLXXXVIII. Grant by King David to the canons of
St. Andrews of materials for building,
circa A.D. 1148, - - 151
CLXXXIX. Charter by King David to the Abbey of
Jedburgh, A.D. 1147-1150, - - 151
CXC. Charter by Earl Henry to the Abbey of
Jedburgh, A.D. 1147-1152, - - 153
CXCI. Confirmation by Earl Henry to Beatrice
de Belchaump of her lands in Rox-
burgh, 154
CXC 1 1. Charter by Roger de Ov granting the
church of Langtoun to the Abbey
ofKelso, 154
CXC 1 1 1. Charter by Earl Henry granting to the
Abbey of Kelso a toft in Berwick,
A.D. 1147-1152, .... 155
CXCIV.
CXCV.
Confirmation by King David of the lands
and rights of the Abbey of Kelso,
156
Charter by Earl Henry granting to the
church of St. John in the Castle of
Roxburgh a ploughgate of land and
a toft in Roxburgh, etc.,
A.D. 1147-1152, .... 159
CXCVI. Charter by Uctred son of Liulf, granting
the church of Molle to the Abbey of
Kelso, - - - - . - - 160
CXCVI I. Confirmation by Herbert, Bishop of
Glasgow, of the grant by Uctred son
of Liulf, of the church of Molle to
the Abbey of Kelso, - - 160
CXCVI 1 1. Charter by King David to Nicolas the
cleric, A.D. 1147-1153, - - 161
Notes
page.
406
406
409
409
409
4IO
411
411
412
413
413
CXCIX. Charter by King David granting the
right of forest in Annandale to
Robert de Brus, A.D 1147-1153, - 162 413
CC. Fragment of a Charter by the Bishop
of Glasgow to Robert de Brus
(? ante A.D 1147), 162 414
xxiv EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Text Notes
Charter. page. page.
CCI. Mandate by King David that no can nor
toll be taken from the monks of May,
A.D. 1147-1153, 163 414
CCII. Mandate by King David for payment of tithe
to the monks of Rindalgros,
A.D. 1147-1153, - - 163 414
CCI II. Charter by King David granting to the
Abbey of Dunfermline a toft in the burgh
of Haddington, A.D. 1147-1153, - - 164 415
CCIV. Charter by King David granting Ketlistoun
to the Abbey of Stirling, A.D. 1147-1153, 164 415
CCV. Charter by King David granting to Nicolas,
his cleric, the right of forest in Pettinain,
A.D. 1147-1153, 165 415
CCVI. Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
granting the church of Karreden to the
Abbey of Holyrood, circa A.D. 1 148, - 165 416
CCVI I. Charter by King David to the monks of the
Isle of May granting the moiety of
Ballegallin, circa A.D. 1 1 50, ... 166 416
CCVI 1 1. Mandate by King David to permit the monks
of Dunfermline to have material for build-
ing, circa A.D. 1150, - - - 167 416
CCIX. Confirmation by King David of all the lands
and rights and privileges of the Abbey of
Dunfermline, circa A.D. 1150, - 167 417
CCX. Charter by King David declaring the canons
of Stirling to be free from toll and customs,
circa A.D. 1150, 172 419
CCXI. Confirmation by Robert, Bishop of St.
Andrews, of the grants by Hugode More-
ville and Beatrix de Bello Campo to the
Abbey of Dry burgh, circa A.D. 1150, - 172 419
CCXII. Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
of an agreement regarding the mother
church of Ednam and its chapel of New-
ton, circa A.D. 1 1 50, - - - 173 420
CCXI 1 1. Confirmation by Robert, Bishop of St.
Andrews, regarding the rights of the
monks of St. Cuthbert in Ederham, Nes-
bit, Swinton and Fishwick, A.D. 1150, 174 420
CCXIV. Grant by Thor to the Abbey of Holyrood of
the church of Tranent, circa A.D. 1150, - 175 421
CONTENTS xxv
Text Notes
Charter. page. page.
CCXV. Charter by Hugo de Moreville granting the
church of Worgis to the church of St.
Mary at Dryburgh, circa A.D. 1150, - 175 421
CCXVI. Charter by Hugo de Moreville granting half
a ploughgate of land in Newtoun to the
church of St. Mary at Dryburgh, circa
A.D. 1150, ...... 176 421
CCXVI I. Confirmation by Earl Henry of the grants
by Hugo de Moreville and Beatrix de
Bello Campo to the Abbey of Dryburgh,
circa A.D. 1150, - - - - - 177 422
CCXVI II. Charter by King David granting to the
Abbey of Dryburgh the church of
Lanark, and the church and a plough-
gate of land in Pettinain, circa A.D.
177 422
CCXIX. Charter by Beatrix de Bello Campo
granting the church of Bosyete to
the church and canons of Dryburgh,
circa A.D. 1150, ..... 178 422
CCXX. Charter by King David granting to the
church of St. Kentigern at Glasgow
the church of Cadihou, circa A.D.
1150. ....... 178 423
CCXXI. Charter by King David granting Hector
comon to Andrew, Bishop of Caith-
ness, circa A.D. 1150, .... 179 423
CCXXI I. Charter by King David granting lands
to Walter de Riddale,
circa A.D. 1150, - - - - 179 424
CCXXIII. Confirmation by King David of the rights
of the clerics of Deer, circa A.D. 1150, 180 424
CCXXIV. Charter by King David granting Nith-
bren and Balcristin to the Abbey of
Dunfermline, circa A.D. 1150, - - 181 426
CCXXV. Charter by King David granting the
church of Forgrund to the canons of
St. Andrews, circa A.D. 1150, - - 182 427
CCXXVI. Charter by King David granting to the
Priory of St. Andrews a toft in
Berwick, ...... 183 427
xxvi EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Text Notes
Charter. page. page.
CCXXVII. Charter by King David granting to the
church of St. Andrews a toft in the
burgh of Haddington, - - 183 428
CCXXVII I. Confirmation by Robert, Bishop of St.
Andrews, of the grants to the Abbey
of Dunfermline by Earl Duncan and
by Elwyn Renner and his wife, circa
A.D. 1150, 184 428
CCXXIX. Charter by King David granting to the
Abbot of Kelso the church of Sel-
kirk, circa A.D. 1 1 50, - - - 185 429
CCXXX. Charter by Robert, Bishop of St.
Andrews, granting rights in the
church of Lohworuora to Herbert,
Bishop of Glasgow, circa A.D. 1150, 185 429
CCXXXI. Charter by King David granting a toft
in the burgh of Haddington to the
monks of May, - - - 186 431
CCXXXI I. Charter by King David granting the
Island of Loch Leven to the canons
of St. Andrews, with liberty to expel
those Keledei who refuse to become
canons regular, circa A.D. 1 1 50, - 187 431
CCXXXIII. Mandate by King David to the canons
of St. Andrews to receive the Keledei
of Kilrimont as canons, circa A.D.
"So, 187 431
CCXXXIV. Charter by King David granting
Vithemer to the Abbey of Kelso,
circa A.D. 1150, - - - - 188 433
CCXXXV. Charter by King David granting the
church of Clackmanan, etc., to the
Abbey of Stirling, circa A.D. 1150, - 189 433
CCXXXVI. Mandate by Earl Henry not to molest
the monks of Coldingham in the
enjoyment of lands in Berwickshire
which Swain had restored to them,
circa A.D. 1150, - - - - 189 433
CCXXX VI I. Charter by King David granting Cad-
dysleya to the Abbey of Dryburgh,
A.D. 1150-1152, 190 434
CONTENTS xxvii
Text Notes
Charter. page. page.
CCXXXVIII. Charter by Beatrix de Bello Campo
granting a land in Roxburgh, etc.,
to the church of Dryburgh,
A.D. 1150-1152, - 191 434
CCXXXIX. Confirmation by King David of the
grants by Hugo de Moreville and
Beatrix de Bello Campo to the
Abbey of Dryburgh, A.D. 1150-1152, 191 434
CCXL. Confirmation by Richard de Moreville of
grants to the church of Dryburgh by
his mother and his sister,
circa A.D. 1152, 192 435
CCXLI. Charter by Earl Henry granting a toft in
Roxburgh to the church of Dryburgh,
A.D. 1150-1152, 192 435
CCXLII. Charter by King David to the Abbey of
Dryburgh, A.D. 1150-1152, - - - 193 436
CCXLIII. Confirmation to the Abbey of Dryburgh by
King David of the grants by Beatrix de
Bello Campo and granting right to take
wood, etc., in the King's forests and
freedom from toll and secular service,
A.D. 1150-1153, - --- 195 436
CCXLIV. Charter by Earl Henry to the Abbey of
Holmcultram, A.D. 1150-1152, - - 196 436
CCXLV. Confirmation by King David of the grant
by his son, Earl Henry, to the Abbey
of Holmcultram, A.D. 1150-1153, - - 198 438
CCXL VI. Charter by Earl Henry to the church of
Brinkburn, A.D. 1150-1152, - - 198 438
CCXLVII. Charter by Earl Henry to the church of
Brinkeburn, A.D. 1150-1152, - - 199 439
CCXLVII I. Charter by King David confirming to
Baldwin a toft in the burgh of Perth,
A.D. 1150-1153, 200 439
CCXLIX. Charter by King David granting to the
church of St. Andrews a toft in Clac-
201 440
CCL. Charter by King David granting to the
church of St. Andrews, forty Shillings
annually from the can of ships at Perth, 201 440
xxviii EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Text Notes
Charter. page. page.
CCLI. Charter by Gaufridus de Percy granting a
ploughgate of land in Heton to the
Abbey of Kelso, A.D. 1152-1153, - - 202 440
CCLII. Charter by Gaufridus de Percy granting to
the church of Whitby a ploughgate of
land in Oxnam, A.D. 1152-1153, - - 202 440
CCLI 1 1. Charter by Alan de Percy of land in Oxnam
and Heton to the church of Whitby,
A.D. 1152-1153, -
203 441
CCLIV. Confirmation by King David of the grants
by Alan and Gaufrid de Percy to the
church of Whitby, A.D. 1152-1153, - 204
CCLV. Charter by King David to the monks of
Urquhart, A.D. 1150-1153, ... 204
441
442
443
CCLVI. Confirmation by Robert, Bishop of St.
Andrews, of the lands and privileges of
the Abbey of Dunfermline,
A.D. 1150-1153, 205
CCLVI I. Mandate by Earl Henry to Gilbert de
Umfranville to protect the monks of
Durham, circa A.D. 1152, - - - 206 443
CCLVI 1 1. Charter by Bernard de Balliol granting a
fishing in the Tweed to the Abbey of
Kelso, A.D. 1153, .... 207
CCLIX. Confirmation by King David of Bernard
de BallioPs gift of a fishing in the Tweed
to the Abbey of Kelso, A.D. 1153, - 207
443
CCLX. Charter by Countess Ada granting a toft
in Haddington to the Abbey of Dun-
fermline,
208
444
444
CCLXI. Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
confirming the right of the Abbey of
Dunfermline to the church of St.
Leonard at Perth, A.D. 1150-1153, - 208
CCLXI I. Charter by Andrew, Bishop of Caithness,
granting to the Abbey of Dunfermline
the church of the Holy Trinity at
Dunkeld, A.D. 1150-1153,
209
CCLXI 1 1. Grant of the Priory of Lochleven by Robert
the Bishop to the Priory of St. Andrews,
A.D. 1152-1153, 210
444
445
CONTENTS
XXIX
Charter.
CCLXIV.
CCLXV.
CCLXVI.
CCLXVII.
CCLXVIII.
CCLXIX.
CCLXX.
Text
page.
Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
granting to the Canons the right of
electing a Prior, 211
Charter by Robert the Bishop to the Priory
of St. Andrews of a toft in Chilrimund,
Confirmation by King David of the grant
to the Priory by Robert, Bishop of St.
Andrews, of Kinninmount and a toft in
Kilrimont,
Charter by King David to the brethren of
the Hospital of St. Andrews,
Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
granting three tofts to the Priory,
Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
granting to the Priory six shares of the
offerings of the altar, -
Charter by Walter de Lyndesey granting
the church of Ercheldune to the Abbey
ofKelso,
211
CCLXXI. Charter by Earl [William], son of Earl
Henry, to Brinkeburn, A.D. 1153, -
213
213
214
214
215
Notes
page.
446
447
447
447
448
448
448
449
INDEX,
454 to 515
I.
Notitiae of Grants to the Church of Deer,
A.D. 565-1100.
Translated from the Gaelic in the Book of Deer.
COLUMCILLE and Drostan son of Cosgrach his pupil,
came from I, as God had shown to them, unto Abbor-
doboir and Bede the Pict was mormaer of Buchan
before them and it was he who gave them that town
in freedom for ever from mormaer and toisech.
They came after that to the other town and it was
pleasing to Columcille because it was full of God's grace
and he asked the mormaer, Bede, to give it to him :
he did not give it; and after refusing the clerics, a son
of his took an illness and was nearly dead.
Then the mormaer went to entreat the clerics that
they should pray for his son, that health should
come to him : and he gave them as an offering from
Cloch in tiprat to Cloch pette mic Garnait
They prayed and health came to the son.
After that Columcille gave to Drostan that town and
blessed it and left as (his) word "Whoever shall
come against it shall not be many-yeared victorious."
Drostan's tears (deara) came on parting with Columcille.
Said Columcille, " Let Dear be its name hencefor-
ward."
A
2 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
COMGEALL son of JEd gave from Orti to Furene to
Columcille and to Drostan. Moridach son of Morcunn
gave Pett meic Garnait and Achad toche temni ; and
it was he who was mormaer and was toisech.
Matain son of Caerill gave the mormaer's share in
Altere and Culi son of Baten gave the toisech's share.
Domnall son of Girec and Maelbrigte son of Cathal
gave Pett in Mulenn to Drostan.
Cathal son of Morcunt gave Achadnaglerech to
Drostan.
Domnall son of Ruadri and Maelcoluim son of Culeon
gave Bidbin to God and to Drostan.
MAELCOLOUIM son of Cinaed gave the king's share in
Bidbin and in Pett meic Gobroig and two davochs of
Upper Rosabard.
Maelcoluim son of Maelbrigte gave the Delerc.
Maelsnecte son of Luloeg gave Pett Maelduib to
Drostan. Domnall son of Mac Dubbacin dedicated all
the offerings to Drostan giving the whole to him. Cathal
dedicated in the same way his toisech's share and gave
a dinner of a hundred every Christmas and every Easter
to God and to Drostan. Cainnech son of Mac Dobar-
chon gave Alterin alia bhethe na camone as far as the
birch tree between the two Alterins. Domnall and
Cathal gave Etdanin to God and to Drostan. Cainnech
and Domnall and Cathal dedicated to God and to
Drostan all these offerings from beginning to end in
freedom from mormaer and from toisech to the day of
judgment.
And the Lord's blessing on every mormaer and on
every toisech who shall fulfil these, and to their
descendants after them.
Donchad son of Mac Bethad son of Hided gave Achad
Madchor to Christ and to Drostan and to Columcille
I.-II. 3
in freedom for ever. Malechi and Comgell, and Gille-
christ, son of Fingune, attest, in witness whereof, and
Maelcoluim son of Moline.
Cormac son of Cinnedig gave as far as Scale Merlech.
Comgell son of Caennech toisech of Clan Canan gave
to Christ and to Drostan and to Columcille as far as
Gort lie Mor at the hither end which is nearest to
Aldin Alenn from Dobaci to Lurchari both mountain
and field in freedom from toisech for ever : and his
blessing on every one who shall fulfil this and his
curse on every one who shall go against it.
II.
Letter of Alcuin to the Monks of Whitherne,
A.D. 782-804.
2 Concil. p. 8.
ALCUINUS ad fratres Sancti Niniani Candidae Casae,
Venerandae dilectionis fratribus in loco Deo servientibus
qui dicitur Candida Casa, Alcuinus diaconus, salutem.
Deprecor vestrae pietatis unanimitatem, ut nostri
nominis habeatis memoriam, et intercedere pro mea
parvitate dignemini in ecclesia sanctissimi patris nostri
Nynia episcopi, qui multis claruit virtutibus, sicut mihi
nuper delatum est per carmina metricae artis, quae nobis
per fideles nostros discipulos Eboracensis ecclesiae
scholasticos directa sunt, in quibus et facientis agnovi
eruditionem, et ejus perficientis miracula sanctitatem,
per ea quae ibi legebam.
Quapropter obnixius deprecor, ut sanctis orationibus
vestris illius me precibus commendare studeatis, quatenus
per ejusdem patris vestri piissimas preces et vestrae cari-
tatis assiduas intercessiones peccatorum meorum veniam,
Deo Christo miserante, accipere merear, et ad sanctorum
pervenire consortia qui saeculi labores fortiter vicerunt et
ad coronam perpetuae laudis pervenerunt.
4 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Direxi ad sancti patris nostri Nyniga corpus [velum]
olosericum ob memoriam nostri nominis, ut illius atque
vestram piam merear intercessionem habere semper.
Protegat atque regat Christi vos dextera fratres.
III.
Notitia of an agreement between the Keledei
of Loch Leven and the Bishop of St.
Andrews, ante A.D. 955.
Registr. Prior. St. Andreae.
BRUDE filius Dergard, qui ultimus regum Pictorum
secundum antiquas traditiones fuisse recolitur, contulit
insulam Lochleuine Deo Omnipotenti et Sancto Servano
et keledeis heremetis ibidem commorantibus et Deo
servientibus et servituris in ilia insula. Et praefati keledei
dederunt locum cellulae episcopo Sancti Andreae sub
tali forma, quod episcopus exhiberet eis victum et
vestitum. Et ne ignoretur quis contulit episcopo locum
ibi, Ronanus monachus et abbas, vir admirandae sancti-
tatis, primo concessit precario locum ibi episcopo scilicet
Fothath filio Bren qui nunc et tune per totam Scotiam
fuit Celebris et satis commendabilis vitae.
Praefatus episcopus dedit benedictionem suam plenarie
omnibus his qui observarent conventionem istam et
amicitiam initam inter episcopum et keledeos et versa
vice dedit maledictionem suam omnibus episcopis qui
infirmarent et revocarent praefatam conventionem.
IV.
Charter by Malcolm II. to Bishop Beyn of
Mortlach, A.D. ion.
(Spurious.) Printed in the Registr. Episc. Aberdon., I. p. 3.
MALCOLMUS Rex Scottorum, omnibus probis hominibus
suis tarn clericis quam laicis, salutem.
II.— V. 5
Sciatis me dedisse et hac carta mea confirmasse
Deo et Beatae Mariae et omnibus Sanctis, et Epis-
copo Beyn de Morthelach, ecclesiam de Morthelach
ut ibidem construatur sedes episcopalis, cum terris meis
de Morthelach, ecclesiam de Cloueth cum terra,
ecclesiam de Dulmech cum terra, ita libere sicut eas
tenui et in puram et perpetuam elemosinam : Teste me-
ipso apud Forfare octavo die mensis Octobris anno
regni mei sexto.
V.
Notitiae of Grants by Macbeth and Gruoch, King
and Queen of Scots, to the Church of Saint
Serf, A.D. 1040-1057.
Registr. Prior. St. Andreae.
MACHBET films Finlach contulit pro suffragiis orationum
et Gruoch filia Bodhe, Rex et Regina Scottorum,
Kyrkenes Deo Omnipotenti et keledeis praefatae insulae
Lochleuine, cum suis finibus et terminis.
[Hi enim sunt fines et termini de Kyrkenes et vil-
lulae quae dicitur Pethmokanne, de loco Moneloccodhan
usque ad amnem qui dicitur Leuine et hoc in latitudine ;
item a publica strata quae ducit apud Hinhirkethy
usque ad saxum hiberniensium et hoc in longitudine;
et dicitur saxum hiberniensium, quia Malcolmus Rex
filius Duncani concessit eis salinagium quod Scotice
dicitur Chonnane. Et venerunt hibernienses ad Kyrkenes
ad domum cujusdam viri nomine Mochan, qui tune
fuit absens et solummodo mulieres erant in domo, quas
oppresserunt violenter hibernienses, non tamen sine
rubore et verecundia. Rei et eventu ad aures praefati
Mochan pervento, iter quam totius domi festinavit et
6 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
invenit ibi hibernienses in eadem domo cum matre sua.
Exhortatione etenim matris suae saepius facta ut extra
domum veniret quae nullatenus voluit, sed hibernienses
voluit protegere et eis pacem dare, quos omnes praefatus
vir in ultionem tanti facinoris ut oppressores mulierum et
barbaros et sacrileges in medio flammae ignis una cum
matre sua viriliter combussit Et ex hac causa dicitur
locus iste saxum hiberniensium.]
Cum omni libertate collata fuit villa de Kyrkenes, Deo
Omnipotent! et keledeis absque omni munere et onere
et exactione regis et filii regis, vicecomitis et alicujus
et sine refectione pontis et sine exercitu et vena-
tione sed pietatis intuitu et orationum sufifragiis . . .
CUM summa veneratione et devotione Makbeth Rex
contulit Deo et Sancto Servano de Lochleuyn et here-
mitis ibidem Deo servientibus, Bolgyne filii Torfyny
cum omni libertate et sine onere exercitus regis et filii
ejus vel vicecomitis et sine exactione alicujus sed caritatis
intuitu et orationum sufifragiis,
VI.
Notitia of a Grant by Maldunus, Bishop of
St. Andrews, to the Keledei of Loch Leven,
ante A.D. 1055.
Registr. Prior. St. Andreae.
MALDUNUS, episcopus Sancti Andreae, contulit ecclesiam
de Marchinke cum tota terra, honorifice et devote, Deo et
Sancto Servano et keledeis de insula Louchleuen cum
praefata libertate.
V.— IX. 7
VII.
Notitia of a Grant by Tuadal, Bishop of
St. Andrews, to the Keledei of Loch Leven,
A.D. 1055-1059.
Registr. Prior. St. Andreae.
TUADAL episcopus Sancti Andreae, contulit ecclesiam de
Sconyn praefatis viris religiosis devote et integre cum
omni libertate et honore pro suffragiis orationum.
VIII.
Notitia of a Grant by King Malcolm III. and
Queen Margaret to the Keledei of Loch
Leven, A.D. 1070-1093.
Registr. Prior. St. Andreae.
MALCOLMUS Rex et Margareta Regina Scotiae con-
tulerunt devote villam de Ballecristin Deo Omnipotent!
et keledeis de Louchleuen cum eadem libertate ut prius.
IX.
Letter from Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury,
to Margaret, Queen of Scotland, A.D. 1070-1089.
Scala Chronica, ed. Stevenson, Edin. 1836, p. 222.
LANFRANCUS indignus Sanctae Cantuariensis Ecclesiae
Antistes, gloriosae Scottorum Reginae M. salutem et
benedictionem.
Explicare non potest epistolaris brevitas quanta cor
meum laetitia perfudisti, lectis litteris tuis quas mihi,
Deo amabilis Regina, misisti.
O quanta jucunditate verba profluunt quae Divino
Spiritu inspirata procedunt ! Credo enim non a te, sed
per te dicta esse quae scripseras.
8 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Revera per os tuum locutus est Ille qui discipulis
suis ait "Discite a me quia mitis sum et humilis corde."
De hac Christi disciplina processit, quod regali stirpe
progenita, regaliter educata, nobili regi nobiliter copulata,
me hominem extraneum, vilem, ignobilem, peccatis invo-
lutum, in patrem elegis, teque mihi in filiam spiritualiter
habendam precaris.
Non sum quod putas, sed sim quia putas. Ne decepta
remaneas, ora pro me ut sim dignus pater orare Dominum
et exaudiri pro te.
Orationum et benefactorum sit inter nos commune
commercium, parva quidem tribuo, sed multo majora
me recepturum esse confido. De hinc igitur sim pater
tuus et tu mea filia esto.
Mitto glorioso viro tuo et tibi carissimum fratrem
nostrum dominum Goldewinum, secundum petitionem
tuam, alios quoque duos fratres, quia quod de servitio
Dei et vestro fieri oportet, solus ipse per se explere non
posset Et rogo, multumque rogo, quatenus quod pro
Deo et pro animabus vestris coepistis, instanter et efficaciter
perficere studeatis : et si possetis aut velitis opus vestrum
per alios adimplere multo desiderio vellemus hos fratres
nostros ad nos redire, quia valde in officiis suis necessarii
erant ecclesiae nostrae. Fiat tamen voluntas vestra, et
per omnia desideramus obedire vobis.
X.
Charter by Malcolm III. to the Church of
Dunfermline, A.D. 1070-1093.
(Spurious.) Printed in the Registr. de Dunfermelyn, p. 417.
IN nomine Sanctae Trinitatis, Ego Malcolmus Dei gratia
Scottorum Basileus auctoritate regia et potestate,
Margaretae Reginae uxoris meae, episcoporum comitum
IX.— XL 9
baronumque regni mei confirmatione et testimonies
clero etiam adquiescenteque populo.
Sciant praesentes et futuri me fundasse abbatiam in
Monte infirmorum in honorem Dei omnipotentis et
sanctae et individuae Trinitatis, pro salute animae meae
et omnium antecessorum meorum et pro salute animae
Reginae Margaretae uxoris meae et omnium successorum
meorum.
Concessi enim et hac carta mea confirmavi praedictae
abbatiae omnes terras et villas de Pardusin, Pitnaurcha,
Pittecorthin, Petbachichin, Lauar, Bolgin et schiram de
Kirkaladunt et Inneresc minorem, cum tota schira de
Fotriffe et Muselburge cum omnimodis suis pertinentiis
tarn in capellis et decimis aliisque oblationibus quam in
omnibus aliis ad eas terras villas et schiras juste spec-
tantibus, ita libere sicut aliquis rex aliquas elemosinas
unquam cledit vel contulit ab initio mundi ad hunc diem.
Testibus Ivo Kelledeorum Abbate. Mackduffe Comite.
Duncano Comite . Araldo Comite . Neis filio Willelmi.
Merleswain. Apud Edinburge.
XL
Notitia of a Grant by Modach, Bishop of St.
Andrews, to the Church of St. Serf,
ante A.D. 1093.
Registr. Prior. St. Andreae.
MODACH films Malmykel vir piissimae recordationis
episcopus Sancti Andreae, cujus vita et doctrina tota regio
Scottorum feliciter est illustrata, contulit Deo et Sancto
Servano et keledeis heremitis apud insulam Louchleuen
in scola virtutum ibidem degentibus devote et honorifice,
cum praefatis libertatibus, ecclesiam de Hurkenedorath,
io EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
istae sunt antiquae praestationes et canones quas praefatae
ecclesiae solvebant antiquitus scilicet XXXta panes decoctos
cum antiqua mensura farinae ibi apposita et XXXta caseos
quorum quilibet facit Chudreme et octo male de braseo et
Derchede male et Chedher male.
XII.
Charter by King Duncan II. to the Monks of
St. Cuthbert, A.D. 1094.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
EGO Dunecanus, films regis Malcolumb, constans here-
ditarie rex Scotiae, dedi in elemosinam Sancto Cuthberto
et suis servitoribus, Tiningeham, Aldeham, Scuchale,
Cnolle, Hatheruuich et de Broccesmuthe omne servitium
quod inde habuit Fodanus episcopus, et haec dedi in
tali quitantia cum saca et soca qualem unquam meliorem
habuit Sanctus Cuthbertus ab illis de quibus tenet suas
elemosinas. Et hoc dedi pro me ipso et pro anima
patris mei et pro fratribus meis et pro uxore mea et
pro infantibus meis. Et quum volui quod istud donum
stabile esset Sancto Cuthberto, feci quod fratres mei
concesserunt. Qui autem istud voluerit destruere vel
ministris Sancti Cuthberti aliquod inde auferre, male-
dictionem Dei et Sancti Cuthberti et meam habeat. Amen.
Crux Dunecani Regis X Scriptoris Grentonis X
Accard X Ulf X Malcolumb X Eadgari X
Hermer X CElfric X Earnulf X Vinget X
Hemming X Teodbold X
XL— XIV. n
XIII.
Grant by Donald son of King Conchat.
Registr. Prior. St. Andreae.
DOUENALD films Conchat Regis dedit omnimodam liber-
tatem duabus villis scilicet de Kyrkenes et de Petten-
mokane cum ceteris regibus scilicet Duncano rege
Edgaro et Alexandro et David fratribus ejusdem et
omnibus villis quascunque tune habuerunt vel postea
habere potuerunt.
XIV.
Notitia of a Grant by Ethelred, son of King
Malcolm III. to the Keledei of Loch Leven,
A.D. 1093-1107.
Registr. Prior. St. Andreae.
EDELRADUS vir venerandae memoriae, filius Malcolmi Regis
Scotiae, Abbas de Dunkeldense et insuper Comes de Fyf
contulit Deo Omnipotenti et Sancto Servano et keledeis
de insula Louchleuen cum summa reverentia et honore et
omni libertate et sine exactione et petitione cujusquam
in mundo, episcopi vel regis vel comitis, Admore cum
suis rectis terminis et divisis. Et quia ilia possessio
fuit illi tradita a parentibus suis cum esset in juvenili
aetate idcirco cum majori affectione et amore illam
obtulit Deo et Sancto Servano et praefatis viris Deo
servientibus et ibidem servituris. Et istam collationem
et donationem primo factam confirmaverunt duo fratres
Hedelradi, scilicet David et Alexander, in praesentia
multorum virorum fidedignorum, scilicet Constantini
comitis de fyf viri discretissimi et Nesse et Cormac
filii Macbeath et Malnethte filii Beollani sacerdotum de
12 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Abyrnethyn et Mallebride alterius sacerdotis et Thuadhel
et Augustini sacerdotis keledeorum, Berbeadh rectoris
scolarum de Abyrnethyn et coram cetibus totius universi-
tatis tune de Abyrnethyn ibidem degentibus et coram
Deo Omnipotenti et Omnibus Sanctis. Et ibi data est
plenarie et universaliter ab omnibus sacerdotibus clericis
et laicis, maledictio Dei Omnipotentis et Beatae Mariae
Virginis et Omnium Sanctorum ut Dominus Deus daret
eum in exterminium et perditionem et in omnes illos
quicunque irritarent et revocarent et deminuerent elemosi-
nam de Admore. Omni populo respondente fiat. Amen.
XV.
Charter by King Edgar to Durham,
A.D. 1095.
(Spurious.) From a copy in the Treasury at Durham.
IN nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti, Amen.
Notum sit omnibus Christi fidelibus praesentibus et
futuris quod Ego Edgarus films Malcolmi Regis Scottorum,
totam terram de Lodoneio et regnum Scotiae dono domini
mei Willelmi Anglorum Regis et paterna hereditate
possidens, consilio praedicti domini mei Regis Willelmi et
fidelium meorum, pro animabus patris mei et matris meae
necnon et fratrum meorum Doncani et Edwardi et pro
salute corporis mei et animae meae et pro omnibus ante-
cessoribus et successoribus meis, do Deo Omnipotenti et
ecclesiae Dunelmensi et Sancto Cuthberto glorioso pontifici
et Willelmo episcopo et monachis in eadem ecclesia Deo
servientibus et in perpetuum servituris, mansionem de
Berwic et cum ista mansione has subscriptas mansiones
scilicet Greiden . leinhale . dilsterhalle . brygham . Edrem .
Chirnesid . Hilton . Blakedir . Chynbrygham . huton .
Regninton . paxton . fulden . Morthyngton . Lamberton .
aliam Lamberton . Hadryngton . Fyschewike . Horford .
Upsetinton et mansionem de Collingam et cum ista
XIV.— XV. 13
mansione has subscriptas mansiones scilicet Aldcambus .
lummesden . Reston . Suineston . Faudon . Ayton . aliam
Ayton . Prendirgest . Cramsmowth . Hadynton, has supra-
scriptas mansiones do Deo et Sancto Cuthberto cum
omnibus terris et silvis et aquis et theloneis et
fracturis navium et cum omnibus consuetudinibus quae
pertinent ad praedictas mansiones et quas pater meus
in eis habuit quietas solidas secundum voluntatem
Dunelmensis episcopi in perpetuum libere disponendas.
Signum X Egari Regis . Signum Alexandri fratris ejus.
S X Menyanium . Agulfi . S. filii doncani . Eyluerti.
S. X filii Eghe Omani. S. X Edgari aederling. Uhtredi.
S. filii Magdufe, Constantini. S. X Rodberti de humet.
S X ^Etele. A X gulfi. S. Alimoldi filii sui. X David
Haec carta firmata est iiijto Kalendis Septembris
in cimiterio Sancti Cuthberti apud Norham, praesente
Willelmo episcopo et Durgoto priore et Ansketillo
praeposito de Norham et Ilgero de Corneford et
Waltero de Valonis et Galfrido de Aldreio et
Willelmo filio Almodi et Johanne de Amundivilla
et Rachone lotharingo et Gilberto et Wilfrido et
Alimodo filio Makodi et Anulfo fratre suo et praesente
maxima multitudine Francorum et Anglorum quorum
nomina longum est inscribere. Hoc autem factum est eo
anno quo Rex Willelmus, filius magni Regis Willelmi, fecit
novum castellum apud Bebbanburgh super Robertum
Comitem Northanhymbrorum.
Ista carta est sigillata cum sigillo rotundo dicti regis
Edgari, pendente cum filo serico et est in medio ejusdem
sigilli ymago dicti regis Edgari, sedens cum parva
corona in capite et habet in una manu sceptrum et in
altera gladium et habet superscriptionem Ymago Edgari
Scottorum Regis.
i4 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
XVI.
Confirmation by King William II. of England,
A.D. IO95-IIOO.
(Spurious?) The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
WlLLELMUS Rex Anglorum, Thomae Eboracensi Archi-
episcopo et omnibus suis fidelibus Francis et Anglis et
Scottis, salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse Deo Omnipotent! et ecclesiae
Dunelmensi et Sancto Confessori Cuthberto et Willelmo
episcopo, et monachis in eadem ecclesia Deo servientibus et
in perpetuum servituris, terras in Lodoneio quas Eadgarus
Rex filius Malcolmi Regis Scottorum Deo et supradictae
ecclesiae me concedente donavit mansionem scilicet de
Berwic, et has subscriptas mansiones, Greidene . leinhale .
dylsterhale . bricgham . ederham . cirneside . hyltun .
blaccedre . cynebritham . hotun . reinintun . paxtun .
fugeldene . morthintun . lambertun aliam lambertun .
hoedrintun . fiscwic . horeford . upsetintun et mansionem
de Collingaham et has subscriptas mansiones aldcambus .
lummesdene . ristun . suinestun . fardun . eitun . aliam
eitun . prenegest . cramesmuthe . hoedentun.
Has suprascriptas mansiones cum adjacentibus terris et
silvis et aquis et omnibus theloneis et navium fracturis et
aliis consuetudinibus suis, sicut eas Malcolmus Rex unquam
melius habuit Deo et Sancto Cuthberto in perpetuum
concede. Testibus Willelmo cancellario et Roberto filio
Haimonis.
XVII.
Charter of King Edgar, A.D. 1095.
(Spurious.) The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
EDGARUS Dei gratia Rex Scottorum Omnibus ad quos
praesentes litterae pervenerint tarn Francis et Anglis quam
XVI.— XVII. 15
Scottis, salutem. Sciatis nos ex licentia Willelmi
Regis Angliae superioris domini regni Scotiae pro ani-
mabus Malcolm! patris nostri et Margaretae matris nostrae
ac pro animabus Edwardi et Duncani fratrum nostrorum
necnon pro salute nostra, dedisse et concessisse Deo
et Sancto Cuthberto confessori, Willelmo episcopo,
Drugeto priori et monachis Dunolmie Deo servientibus
in perpetuum, baroniam et manerium de Coldingham
cum his mansionibus subscriptis scilicet Berwic, Old-
cambows, Lummesden, Restonam, Faudonam, Aytonam
aliam Aytonam, Prendregest, Cramesmouth, Graiden, Lein-
hale, Dilchestre, Ederham, Chirnside, Hiltonam, Blaketyr,
Hotonam, Rayntonam, Paxtonam, Fulden, Morttringtonam,
Lambertonam aliam lambertonam, Edingtonam, Horford,
Fishewic, et Upesetlington cum omnibus pertinentiis
juribus et decimis garbarum et feni cum omnibus liber-
tatibus et franchesiis regalibus adeo libere et plenarie
sicut praedictus pater noster et dominus ilia tenuit.
Habenda et tenenda omnia et singula praedicta
baroniam et manerium, mansiones, decimas cum omnibus
libertatibus franchesiis regalibus et juribus quibus-
cunque praedictis episcopo priori et monachis ac eorum
successoribus de nobis et heredibus nostris in puram et
perpetuam elemosinam in perpetuum.
Et nos et heredes nostri omnia et singula praedicta
baroniam manerium mansiones decimas cum omnibus
libertatibus franchesiis regalibus et juribus quibuscunque
ut praedictum est praefatis episcopo priori et monachis et
eorum successoribus contra omnes gentes protegemus
in perpetuum et defendemus. In cujus rei testimonium
praesentibus litteris nostris sigillum nostrum apponi fecimus
apud Norham in praesentia praedicti Regis Willelmi Angliae
superioris domini regni Scotiae, et praedictorum episcopi
et prioris, Walteri Valensis, Odnelli Umfraville, Rachonis
de Loreyns, Odnelli Heron, Roberti de Amundivilla et
maximae multitudinis Francorum Anglorum et Scottorum.
1 6 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
XVIII.
Grant of Coldingham by King Edgar to the
Monks of St. Cuthbert, circa A.D. 1098.
The original is lost ; it was formerly in the Treasury at Durham.
EDGARUS Dei gratia Rex Scottorum omnibus per regnum
suum Scottis et Anglis salutem. Sciatis me dedisse
Omnipotenti Deo et ejus sancto confessori Cuthberto et
monachis ejus pro animabus patris et matris meae et
pro salute animae meae et fratrum et sororum mearum,
Coldingham et omnes illas terras quas habent in
Lodoneo, ita liberas et quietas, cum omnibus consue-
tudinibus, sicut eas ego ipse habui in mea propria
manu. Et volo et praecipio omnibus meis hominibus ut
nullus illorum eis aliquam molestiam vel injuriam inde
faciat vel hanc meam donationem infringat, sed in pace
quiete et honorifice in perpetuum habeant eas et teneant
XIX.
Grant by King Edgar to the Monks of
St. Cuthbert of Coldingham and other lands,
circa A.D. 1 100.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
EADGARUS Rex Scottorum omnibus suis hominibus Scottis
et Anglis salutem. Sciatis quod ego do in elemosinam,
Deo omnipotenti et Sancto Cuthberto domino meo et
ecclesiae Dunelmensi et monachis in eadem ecclesia Deo
servientibus, et in perpetuum servituris, pro animabus
patris mei et matris meae et pro salute corporis mei et
animae meae et fratrum meorum et sororum mearum et
pro omnibus antecessoribus et successoribus meis, man-
XVIII.— XX. 17
sionem de Goldingaham, et cum ista mansione has
subscriptas mansiones scilicet, Aldcambus, Lummesdene,
Regnintun, Ristun, Swinewde, Farndun, Eitun, aliam
Eitun, Prenegest, Cramesmudhe. Has suprascriptas
mansiones concede Deo et Sancto praedicto et monachis
ejus, cum omnibus terris silvis et aquis et teloneis et
fracturis navium et omnibus consuetudinibus quae pertinent
ad praedictas mansiones et quas pater meus habuit, quietas
et solidas, secundum voluntatem illorum in perpetuum
libere disponendas.
XX.
Charter by King Edgar granting Swinton to the
Monks of St. Cuthbert, circa A.D. noo.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
EADGARUS Rex Scottorum, omnibus per regnum suum
Scottis et Anglis, salutem. Sciatis me ad dedicationem
venisse ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae apud Coldingaham quae-
quidem dedicatio ad Dei laudem et ad meum placitum
grata omnibus et accepta honorabiliter est adimpleta. Et
ego eadem ecclesiae super altare obtuli in dotem et donavi
villam totam Swintun cum divisis sicut Liulf habuit,
liberam et quietam in perpetuum habendam ab omni
calumnia et ad voluntatem monachorum Sancti Cuth-
berti disponendam, pro animabus patris et matris meae
et pro salute animae meae et fratrum et sororum mearum.
Donavi etiam monachis XXIIII animalia ad restauran-
dam illam eandem terram : et constitui eandem pacem
in Coldingaham eundo et redeundo et ibidem manendo
quae servatur in Eilande et in Northam. Insuper etiam
statui hominibus in Coldingamscire sicut ipsi elegerunt
et in manu mea firmaverunt, ut unoquoque anno de
unaquaque carruca, dimidiam marcam argenti monachis
persolvant ; Testibus ^Elfwino, Oter et Thor longo, et
B
1 8 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
jElfrico pincerna, et Algaro presbitero, et Osberno
presbitero, et Cnut Carl s et Ogga et Lesing et Swein
Ulfkill s et Ligulf de Bebbanburch et Uhtred Eilaues
sune et Uniaet thwite et Tigerne.
XXI.
Charter by King Edgar granting Paxton to the
Monks of St. Cuthbert, circa A.D. noo.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
EDGARUS Rex Scottorum, omnibus in regno suo Scottis
et Anglis, salutem. Sciatis quod ego concede et dono
domino meo, Sancto Cuthberto, et monachis ejus, Paxtun,
ita sicut ego earn habui, cum hominibus terris et aquis,
et monachi earn possideant ita libere et quiete sicut
Coldingham ad voluntatem suam. Valete.
XXII.
Charter by King Edgar granting Fishwick, etc.,
to the Monks of St. Cuthbert, circa A.D. noo.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
EADGARUS Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, omnibus suis
fidelibus per regnum suum Scottis et Anglis, salutem.
Sciatis quod ego dono in elemosinam Deo et Sancto
Cuthberto et monachis ejus, Fiscwic, tarn in terris quam
in aquis et cum omnibus sibi adjacentibus et nominatim
illam terram quae jacet inter Horuerdene et Cnapadene,
pro anima patris et matris meae et pro salute animae meae
et fratrum meorum et sororum, liberam et quietam tenen-
dam et habendam et ad voluntatem monachorum Sancti
Cuthberti, domini mei, disponendam. Valete.
XX.— XXIV. 19
XXIII.
Notitia of a Grant by King Edgar to the Keledei
of St. Serfs, A.D. 1097-1107.
Registr. Prior. St. Andreae.
EDGARUS filius Malcolmi, Rex Scotiae, contulit in elemo-
sinam Deo Omnipotent! et praedictis keledeis, Petnemokane
cum omnibus libertatibus sicut praenotatum est in capitulo
praecedente. (See No. V.)
XXIV.
Charter by Thor Longus to the Monks of St.
Cuthbert, circa A.D. 1105.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
OMNIBUS sanctae matris ecclesiae filiis, Thor longus in
Domino salutem. Sciatis quod yEdgarus, dominus meus,
Rex Scottorum, dedit mihi ^Ednaham desertam quam ego
suo auxilio et mea propria pecunia inhabitavi, et ecclesiam
in honorem Sancti Cuthberti fabricavi, quam ecclesiam
cum una carrucata terrae Deo et Sancto Cuthberto
et monachis ejus in perpetuum possidendam dedi. Hanc
igitur donationem feci pro anima domini mei, regis
^Edgari, et pro animabus patris et matris illius et
pro salute fratrum et sororum ipsius et pro re-
demptione Leswini, fratris mei dilectissimi, et pro meimet
ipsi tarn corporis quam animae salute. Et si quis hanc
meam donationem Sancto praedicto et monachis sibi
servientibus aliqua vi vel ingenio auferre praesump-
serit, auferat ab eo Deus Omnipotens vitam regni
coelestis et cum diabolo et angelis ejus poenas sustineat
aeternas : Amen.
20 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
XXV.
Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, to Alexander L,
A.D. 1107.
Gerberon, Lib. in. Epis. 132.
ALEXANDRO gratia Dei Scottorum Regi, Anselmus servus
Ecclesiae Cantuariensis, salutem et fideles orationes et
benedictionem Dei et suam quantum valet, gratias
agimus Deo et gaudemus ego et tota congregatio Eccle-
siae Christi Cantuariensis quia Deus vos in regnum
paternum hereditario jure post fratrem vestrum sub-
limavit et quia vos moribus dignis regno decoravit.
Pro fratre vestro, qui sancte vivendo meruit ut de
hac vita bono fine misericordia Dei transiret, sicut pro
dilecto dilectore nostro, secundum petitionem vestram,
oramus et orabimus, ut Deus animae illius gloriae suae
cum electis suis gaudium aeternum tribuat, et aeternam
beatitudinem concedat.
Scio quia celsitudo vestra meum amat et desiderat
consilium, in primis igitur oro Deum ut Ipse vos sancti
sui Spiritus gratia sic dirigat, et in omnibus actibus
vestris consilium attribuat, ut ad regnum coeleste post
hanc vitam vos perducat. Nostrum autem consilium est
ut timorem Dei et bonos ac religiosos mores quos in adole-
scentia et ab infantia coepistis habere, Ipso adjuvante, a
quo accepistis, studeatis tenere. Tune enim bene reges
regnant, cum secundum voluntatem Dei vivunt, et
serviant Ei in timore et cum super seipsos regnant,
nee se vitiis subjiciunt sed illorum importunitatem
constanti fortitudine superant. Non enim repugnant in
rege virtutum constantia et fortitudo regia. Quidam
XXV.— XXVI. 2 1
enim reges, sicut David, et sancte vixerunt et popu-
lum sibi commissum cum rigore justitiae et pietatis
mansuetudine secundum quod res exigit, rexerunt
Sic vos exhibete ut mali vos timeant et boni vos
diligant, et ut vita vestra semper Deo placeat, semper
mens vestra vindictam malorum et premium bonorum
post hanc vitam memoria retineat. Omnipotens Deus
vos et omnes actiones vestras nulli alii, quam suae piae
disposition} committat
De fratribus nostris quos in Scotiam secundum
voluntatem fratris vestri, qui de labore hujus vitae,
sicut credimus, ad requiem transivit, misimus, benigni-
tatem vestram rogare necesse non putavimus, quia
bonam voluntatem vestram non ignoramus.
XXVI.
Confirmation by King Alexander I. to the Monks
of St. Cuthbert, circa A.D. mo.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
ALEXANDER Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Algaro priori
omnique congregationi Sancti Cuthberti, salutem.
Sciatis quod ego dono et concedo ex mea parte Deo
et Sancto Cuthberto et vobis suis monachis, Swintunam
totam liberam et quietam tenendam et omnino habendam
sicut breve fratris mei Eadgari regis vobis testatur. Et
praeterea praecipio et defendo ne aliquis vestrum ullo modo
de eadem Swintuna placitet aut respondeat ulli homini
nisi ego ipse ore ad os vel meis litteris praecepero. Quia
ego et frater meus David elemosinam fratris nostri
Eadgari et nostram similiter, Sancto praedicto et vobis
monachis acquietabimus.
22 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
XXVII.
Mandate by King Alexander to the Prior of
Durham regarding Swinton,
circa A.D. 1 1 10.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
ALEXANDER Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Priori Algaro
et totius conventui ecclesiae Sancti Cuthberti salutem.
Mando et praecipio vobis ut nullo modo intretis placi-
tum neque in aliquam diratiocinationem de terra de
Suintune ante quam veniat ante me. Tibi etiam, domine
prior, notum facio quia de multis rebus multa vobis
habeo secrete loqui quam citius fieri poterit. Valete.
XXVIII.
Alexander I., King of Scots, to Ralph, Archbishop
of Canterbury, A.D. 1115.
Eadmer, Hist. Nov., v. (Selden, p. 117).
DOMINO et Patri carissimo Radulfo, venerabili
Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo, Alexander Dei misericordia
Rex Scottorum, salutem et devotae fidelitatis obsequium.
Notificamus vobis, benignissime pater, quod episcopus
ecclesiae Sancti Andreae Apostoli, dominus videlicet
Turgodus, II. Kal. Septembris migravit a saeculo. Unde
valde contristamur tanto solatio destituti. Requirimus
ergo vestrae [paternitatis] consilium et auxilium, sicut
confidimus in vobis, ut secundum Deum talem substituere
valeamus, qui nos et gentem nostram per Deo placitam
conversationem regere et docere utiliter sciat. Petimus
etiam, ut recordari dignemini, quid vobis jam quadam vice
suggessimus de episcopis ecclesiae Sancti Andreae ; quod
in antiquis temporibus non solebant consecrari nisi ab
ipso Romano Pontifice, vel ab Archiepiscopo Cantuariensi :
XXVIL— XXX. 23
hocque tenuimus et per successiones temporum ex
auctoritate ratum habuimus, quousque Dominus Lan-
francus Archiepiscopus, nescimus quo pacto, absentibus
nobis et nostris, Thomae Eboraci Archiepiscopo illud ad
tempus relaxaverat. Quod omnino, vestra, si placet,
auctoritate suffulti, ut amplius sic remaneat, non con-
cedimus. Nunc igitur, si ad id nobis nostraeque ecclesiae
reparandum vestrum adjutorium sperare debemus, quod
humillimis votis desideramus et petimus, secreto nobis
certitudinem dignis vestris apicibus remandare curate.
Valete.
XXIX.
Confirmation by Earl David to the Prior and
Monks of Durham, circa A.D. 1117.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
DAVID comes, Algaro priori et ceteris fratribus suis de
Dunelmo, salutem.
Sciatis quod ego ex mea parte dono vobis et concedo
Swintonam ita liberam et quietam et voluntatem vestram
inde faciendam sicut frater meus Eadgarus rex vobis earn
dedit et super altare obtulit et sicut suum breve earn ad
vestrum opus testatur. Et nolo amodo pati ut aliquis
vobis aliquam injuriam vel molestiam inde faciat pro
certo sciatis.
Testimonio Mathildis Reginae et Willelmi filii sui.
XXX.
Confirmation by Earl David to the Monks of St.
Cuthbert, circa A.D. 1117.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
DAVID comes, Johanni Episcopo et Cospatrico et Col-
bano et Rodberto fratribus et omnibus suis fidelibus Tegnis
et Drengis de Lodeneio et de Teuegetedale, salutem.
24 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Sciatis quod ego concedo monachis Sancti Cuthberti
cum omnibus consuetudinibus omnia quae habebant tarn
in tern's quam in aquis die qua frater meus Eadgarus
vivus et mortuus fuit et sicut ego ipse domino meo
Sancto Cuthberto post mortem illius fratris mei eisdem
monachis concessi et sicut frater meus Eadgarus Sancto
Cuthberto et monachis suis dedit Swintunam et super
altare in Coldingeham obtulit ; ita eandem omnino totam
ex mea parte dono et concedo Sancto praedicto et
monachis eius, liberam et quietam tenendam et amodo
habendam sicut breve fratris mei praedicti eis testatur.
Et praecipio omnibus meis hominibus ut nullus eis amodo
aliquam inde faciat molestiam vel injuriam. Quia volo
ut hanc meam donationem in pace et honorifice habeant
et teneant et in perpetuum possideant.
Testimonio Mathildis reginae et Willelmi filii sui et
Johannis episcopi.
XXXI.
Confirmation by King Alexander I. to the Monks
of St. Cuthbert, circa A.D. 1118.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
ALEXANDER Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, omnibus per
regnum suum Scottis et Anglis, salutem.
Sciatis quod ego dono Deo et Sancto Cuthberto domino
meo et monachis ejus, omnia quae habebant tarn in terris
quam in aquis die qua frater meus Rex Eadgarus vivus
et mortuus fuit, ita libera et quieta cum omnibus consue-
tudinibus sicut monachi praedicti illo eodem die melius et
quietius habuerunt illam eandem terram et nominatim
illam terram que jacet inter Horeuoredane et Cnapedane
sicut breve fratris mei Eadgari eis testatur.
XXX.— XXXIII. 25
XXXII.
Writ by Earl David regarding the rights of
the Monks of St. Cuthbert to Horeworedene,
circa A.D. 1 1 18.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
DAVID comes, Johanni Episcopo et Colbano et Cospatrico
et omnibus suis fidelibus, salutem.
Vos ipsi sciatis quod judicatum fuit ante me inter
monachos Sancti Cuthberti et drengos meos de terra de
Horeuoredane, scilicet quod si ipsi monachi haberent
legales testes vel breve fratris mei, quieta eis ilia praedicta
terra remaneret et ideo volo sciatis quod ego ipse
vidi breve et donum fratris mei Eadgari Regis quod ad
vos etiam misi, et quicquid illud breve eis testatur, volo
et concedo ut libere et quiete habeant.
Testibus Willelmi nepotis mei et Osberni capellani
et Hugonis de Moreuilla.
XXXIII.
Thor to Earl David regarding Ednam,
A.D. 1107-1117.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
DOMINO suo carissimo Davidi Comiti, Thor omnino
suus, salutem.
Sciatis, domine mi, quod Eadgarus rex frater vester
dedit mihi Ednaham desertam quam ego suo auxilio et
mea pecunia inhabitavi et ecclesiam a fundamentis
fabricavi quam frater vester rex in honorem Sancti
Cuthberti fecit dedicari et una carrucata terrae earn
dotavit. Hanc eandem ecclesiam pro anima ejusdem
domini mei regis Eadgari et patris et matris vestri et
pro salute vestra et regis Alexandri et Mathildis reginae,
26 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Sancto praedicto et monachis eius dedi. Unde vos precor
sicut dominum meum carissimum ut pro animabus
parentum vestrorum et pro salute vivorum hanc donationem
Sancto Cuthberto et monachis sibi in perpetuum servituris
concedatis.
XXXIV.
Confirmation by Earl David of Thor's grant
of Ednam, A.D. 1117-1124.
Smaller Chartulary, Durham.
DAVID comes, Johanni Episcopo et omnibus suis fidelibus
de Lodoneo, salutem.
Sciatis quod ego do et concedo Deo et Sancto Cuth-
berto et monachis ejus ecclesiam de Edenham et unam
carrucatam terrae, sicut Thor longus dedit liberam et
quietam pro anima patris mei et pro .... animae meae
et conjugis meae et fratrum meorum et sororum.
XXXV.
Charter by Earl David founding the Abbey of
Selkirk, circa A,D. 1120.
Liber S. Marie de Calchou.
DAVID Comes, films Malcolmi Regis Scottorum, Omnibus
amicis suis Francis et Anglis et Scottis cunctisque sanctae
Dei ecclesiae filiis, salutem continuam.
Notum sit omnibus praesentibus atque futuris me fundasse
quoddam monasterium in Selechyrca, scilicet ad abbatiam
in honorem Sanctae Mariae et Sancti Johannis Evangelistae
pro salute animae meae et patris et matris meae, fratrum
et sororum mearum omniumque antecessorum.
Hujus vero ecclesiae monachis in elemosinam perpetue
donavi terram de Selechirche, sicut rivulus descendens a
XXXIII.— XXXV. 27
montibus currit in Gieruam usque ad rivulum ilium qui
descendens de Crossinemara currit in Twodam et ultra
eundem rivulum qui cadit in Gieruam, quandam particulam
terrae inter viam quae vadit de castello ad abbatiam,
et Gieruam videlicet versus veterem villam . Et haec
omnia ita donavi sicut melius habui in bosco et in
piano et in aquis . Et villam de Middelham et Bothen-
denam et Aeldonam, sicut melius habui in terris et in
aquis et in bosco et in piano . Et totum dominium
meum de Malros per medium vicum et per medium
fontem usque ad fossam et sicut fossa dividit cadens
in Twodam ; similiter in terris et in aquis et in
bosco et in piano . Et in Sprostona unam carrucatam
terrae et decem acras et unam maisuram carrucatae
pertinentem . Et in Berewyce unam carrucatam et unam
maisuram sub ecclesia usque in Twodam et dimidium
unius piscaturae et septimam partem molendini et
quadraginta solidos de censu de burgo per unumquemque
annum . Et in burgo de Rokesburge unam maisuram et
septimam molendini et quadraginta solidos de censu et
septimam partem piscaturae . Et decimam caseorum de can
scilicet de Galweia et dimidietatem coriorum coquinae meae .
Et de omnibus occisionibus de quibus alteram partem habeo
et similiter de unctis et de sepis sicut de coriis, et omnes
pelles multorum et agnorum et decimam coriorum
cervorum et cervarum quos veltrarii mei capient . Et aquas
meas circa Selechirche communes ad piscandum suis
propriis piscatoribus ut meis ; et pasturas meas com-
munes hominibus suis ut meis ; et boscos meos domibus
suis faciendis et ad ardendum ut mihi . Et in Anglia in
Hardingestrop quatuor viginti acras de terra in dominio,
scilicet cum pratis ad illud dominium pertinentibus, et
unam maisuram dominio pertinentem et duos bovarios,
scilicet quisque habet decem acras, et in ultro sex
virgatas et dimidiam de terra et sex maisuras versus
pontem de Norhamtune et quandam insulam prati juxta
28 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
pontem et molendinum ejusdem villae . Et haec omnia
supradicti monasterii monachis ita libere et pacifice jure
perpetuo possidenda confirmavi, ut mihi succedentium
nullus nihil omnino nisi solas orationes ad animae salutem
exigere praesumat
Hoc factum est Henrico Rege regnante in Anglia et
Alexandro Rege in Scotia et Johanne Episcopo in Glas-
guensi ecclesia et Herberto Abbate in eadem abbatia.
His testibus, supradicto Johanne Episcopo, Matilde
comitissa, Henrico filio comitis, Gvalthelino capellano, Os-
berto capellano, Alwyno capellano, Willelmo nepote comitis,
Roberto de Bruis, Roberto de Umframvilla, Gualterio in
Bolebec, Roberto de paintona, Cospatrico fratre Dalfini,
Hugone de Moruilla, Pagano de Braiosa, Roberto Corbet,
Reginaldo de Muscampf, Galterio de Lyndeseia, Roberto
de Burnetuilla, Cospatrico vicecomite, Cospatrico filio
Aldeue, Uchtredo filio Scot, Macchus, Colbanus, Gille-
michel, Odardo vicecomite de Babenburch, Lyulf filio
Uchtredi, Radulfo Anglico, Aimaro Galleio, Rogerio de
Lerecestria, Adam camerario.
XXXVI.
King Alexander I., Charter to Scone Priory,
circa A.D. 1120.
(? Spurious.) Liber Eccl. S. Trin. de Scon.
IN nomine Sanctae et Individuae Trinitatis qua unus Deus
adoratur et colitur et creditur. Quia sicut rex et pro-
pheta David testatur domurn Dei semper decet sancti-
tudo, ego, Alexander Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, filius
Regis Malcolmi, et Reginae Margaretae, et ego, Sibilla
Regina Scottorum, filia Henrici Regis Angliae, volentes
domum Domini decorare et habitationem ejus exaltare
XXXV.— XXXVI. 29
ecclesiam in honorem Sanctae Trinitatis dedicatam quae
est in Scona concedimus et tradimus ipsi Deo et Sanctae
Mariae et Sancto Michaeli et Sancto Johanni et Sancto
Laurencio et Sancto Augustino, liberam et solutam et
quietam ab omni exactione et inquietudine a quibus
regia dignitas et potestas potest earn liberare, patrocinare
et defendere.
Ad Dei igitur cultum et honorem dilatandum et
exaltandum placuit nobis clericos canonicorum pro-
fessione Deo famulantes de ecclesia Sancti Osualdi de
qua fama religionis nobis innotuit honesto proborum
virorum consilio a domino Adelualdo priore requirere.
Quibus ab ipso priore nobis concessis omni professione
et subjectione liberis et solutis curam et custodiam
praefatae ecclesiae sic commisimus ut ordinem ibi con-
stituant ad serviendum Deo canonice secundum regulam
Sancti Augustini. Terras etiam et possessiones et con-
suetudines subscriptas eidem ecclesiae pro nobismetipsis
et pro animabus patrum et matrum et fratrum et
sororum et antecessorum et successorum nostrorum
fidelium jure perpetuo possidendas concedimus. Et nequis
sacrilegio ausu haec violare praesumat regia auctoritate
hujus cartae testimonio confirmamus.
Terrae autem et possessiones haec sunt. Infervus
cum quinque carrucatis terrae, Benchorin cum tribus
carrucatis terrae, Fotheros cum una carrucata, Kynochtred
cum una carrucata, Fingask cum una carrucata, Dufrothni
cum tribus carrucatis, Cleon cum tribus carrucatis, LifT cum
sex carrucatis, Grudin cum decem carrucatis, Inuergourin
cum tribus carrucatis et quinque mansiones domuum,
unam apud Eduenesburg et unam apud Striuelin, et
unam apud Inuerkethyin, et unam apud Perth, et unam
apud Aberdon, et communionem aquae de Thei ut in ea
possint piscari sicut ad opus regis et can unius navis
sive propriae navis fratrum sive illius quern proloquentur,
et medietatem coriorum ad coquinam regis pertinentium,
30 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
et omnes pelles arietinas et agninas et medietatem uncti
et sagiminis et decimam panum regis ubicunque fuerit
a northo de Lambremor.
Ego Alexander, Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, propria manu
mea haec confirmo et sigillo meae ymaginis haec consigno.
Ego Sibilla, Dei gratia Regina Scottorum, propria
manu mea haec confirmo.
Ego Gregorius, Episcopus auctoritate Dei et Sanctorum
Apostolorum Petri et Pauli et Sancti Andreae Apostoli,
ne quis haec violare presumat sub anathemate confirmo.
Ego Cormacus, Episcopus auctoritate Dei et Sanctorum
Apostolorum Petri et Pauli et Sancti Andreae Apostoli,
ne quis haec violare presumat sub anathemate confirmo.
Ego Alexander, nepos regis Alexandri, de his testi-
monium perhibeo.
Ego Beth comes, similiter.
Ego Gospatricius [frater] Dolfini, assensum praebeo.
Ego Mallus comes, assensum praebeo.
Ego Madach comes, assensum praebeo.
Ego Rothri comes, assensum praebeo.
Ego Gartnach comes, assensum praebeo.
Ego Dufagan comes, assensum praebeo.
Hujus etiam rei sunt isti alii testes, Willelmus frater
reginae, Edwardus Constabularius, Gospatricius films
Walthef, Usieth, Alfricus pincerna, Ego Forn assensum
praebeo.
XXXVII.
Alexander I., King of Scots, to Ralph, Archbishop
of Canterbury, A.D. 1120.
Eadmer, Hist. Nov., Lib. v. (Selden's edn., p. 130).
ALEXANDER Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Radulfo rever-
endo Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo et cum reverentia
diligendo, salutem.
Audita prosperi adventus vestri in Angliam jamdiu
a me desiderati manifesta relatione, de incolumitate ac
XXXVI.— XXXVIII. 3 1
prosperitate vestra congaudens, summoque protectori
gratias inde referens, cum temporalium undique occupatio
curarum iter meum, ut vestra ad praesens valeam frui
praesentia, impediat, tarn litterarum designatione quam
legatorum relatione animi mei affectum vestrae bonitati
cupio manifestare. Tantae etenim discretionis personae
fretus consilio, bonum propositum peroptime ad boni
operis effectum (Deo annuente) non dubito me posse
perducere.
Vestram igitur latere nolo excellentiam, ecclesiam
Sancti Andreae in regno meo existentem jamdiu pastoral!
cura destitutam, Dei et vestrae benignitatis providentia
pastore idoneo desiderantem me velle consolari. Quo
circa vestrae pietatis deposco clementiam, ut quandam
personam a plerisque mihi laudatam, Eadmerum, scilicet
monachum, si vobis idonea visa fuerit ut pontificali
inthronizetur dignitate, mihi liberam concedatis. Verens
enim summum pastorem, me graviter offendisse, cum
gregem suum negligentia mea aliisque forsan criminibus
impedientibus pastoris penuria desolatum et a tramite
veritatis in pluribus exorbitatum diu permiserim, filiali
etiam timore timens in hac re, eum amodo offendere, ad
vestrae fontem discretionis recurro, ut pristinae memor
existens dilectionis, inter nos habitae, me filium vestrum
paterno affectu spiritualiter jamdiu a vobis adoptatum
vestri munimine consilii in hac re tueamini. Vale.
XXXVIII.
Ralph, Archbishop of Canterbury, to Alexander I.,
King of Scots, A.D. 1120.
Eadm., Hist. Nov., Lib. v. (edn. Selden, p. 131).
CARO Domino et amico intimo Alexandro, Dei gratia
Regi Scottorum, Radulfus Archiepiscopus salutem et
orationes.
32 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Gratias Deo innumerabiles referimus, qui ad cogno-
scendum atque petendum quae debebatis, remotis nebulis,
mentis vestrae oculos aperuit
Gratias nihilominus generalitati vestrae, qui petitioni-
bus vestris legitimis nos vobis ex amicis amicissimos
ex familiaribus familiarissimos et junctissimos, reddidistis.
Licet enim ipsis petitionibus, quasi oculum aut
dexteram a corpore nostro avellere quaeratis, laudare
tamen habeo justum desiderium vestrum et in quantum
potero, secundum Deum illi obtemperare.
Volens quidem, et si pace Dei et vestra potest did,
invitus assentior bonae vestrae voluntati ; volens vero,
quia Dei voluntati, quern in hoc facto praesentem atque
propitium conspicio, resistere non audeo, nee cor vestrum
in nos amaricare ; invitus autem quod (quasi solus) et
patris consolatione, ac relevatione assidua et filii sapientis
consilio et auxilio in infirmitate nostra ac aetate destituor.
O sapientis viri consilium (si nos eo non spoliaretis
et cum spolietis) qui tantum virum, tarn famosum, tarn
ecclesiae Dei utilem, vita et moribus et litteris divinis
et si opus fuerit, saecularibus, a pueritia instructum,
terrae vestrae consilio praeesse in his, quae ad Deum
pertinent, satagatis. Si alius ex partibus longinquis
quod petitis peteret, pro certo sciatis, non paterer
elongari a nobis cordis nostri arcanum ; sed vobis
nihil est secundum Deum, quod abnuere velimus.
Mittimus ergo ad vos personam quam petitis et
omnino liberam, ut a vobis certius discat, si ad honorem
Dei et sanctae matris Cantuariensis videlicet ecclesiae
spectet petitio vestra.
Caute igitur et cum consilio tractate quod agitis, quia
sunt multi qui libenter sacrationem istius disturbarent,
et si valerent disturbando cassarent. Proinde nostrum
esset consilium ut quam citius ad nos remitteretur
sacrandus, ne dilatione quod timemus interveniat vel
quod nollemus.
XXXVIIL— XXXIX. 33
Salutat vos conventus fratrum ecclesiae nostrae vere
fideles vestri et omnino ad servitium vestrum parati.
In commune autem rogamus ut ita vos habeatis erga
fratres nostros qui in regno vestro sunt, ut Deus vobis
inde gratias habeat et nos. Valete.
XXXIX.
Alexander I., King of Scots, to Ralph, Archbishop
of Canterbury, A.D. 1120.
Eadmer, Hist. Nov., v. (ed. Selden, p. 134).
ALEXANDER Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Radulfo, Archi-
episcopo Cantuariensi, in ipso qui vita est, semper vivere.
Immensae bonitati vestrae petitioni meae conde-
scendenti, personam in praesulatu Sancti Andreae
sublimandam mihi mittendo, animi mei affectus bene-
volens et ut justum est, obnoxius, innumerabiles gratias
reddit. Sed persona in episcopatu posita, consuetudi-
nibus terrae moribusque hominum, ut res et tempus
exigebat et ut justum et necessarium esset conde-
scendere noluit. Ipsa vero tandem persona, in praesentia
quorundam episcoporum et comitum proborumque terrae
meae virorum, me requisivit ut ei licentiam recedendi et de
fidelitate, quam mihi fecerat, libertatem concederem, cum
nullo modo remanere vellet, nisi eum in captione detinerem.
Haec audiens, ei his verbis respondi ; quod si aliquas,
dictis vel factis, injurias, ei a me illatas et quod in aliqui-
bus quae ei facerem debuissem, me defecisse demonstraret,
pro Dei amore et meo honore libentissime praesto essem
emendare.
Ad haec, in praesentia omnium adstantium, dixit quod
nullas dictis aut factis ei injurias injeceram, nee unquam
in aliqua re quam ei facere debuissem defeceram.
Praeterea egomet et episcopi et consules, aliique terrae
meae probi homines, ibi adstantes reverentiae obedientiam
c
34 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
in quibuscunque justum esset, magna animi benignitate
obtulimus et pro penuria honestae exhibitionis reverentiae
non esse necesse ei praesulatum relinquere, cum magna
admonitione retulimus ; ut etiam remaneret, donee Regi
Angliae et vobis nuntiassem, ut amborum consilio frui
possem, obnixe rogavimus.
His auditis, mihi respondit, quod nullo modo rema-
neret, nisi eum in captione detinerem ; se enim nee utilem,
nee idoneum in praesulatus regimine sciebat et si
remaneret, detrimentum animae suae et aliorum imminere
videbat.
Communi tandem consilio nolui eum vi retinere,
petitioni suae quamvis invitus adquievi ; et episcopatum
reddidit et foedus amicitiae inter me et ipsum osculo
confirmavit Et haec est rei veritas quam litteris vobis
declarare volui, ne si aliud ad aures vestras perveniret
crederetis.
Sciat denique bonitas vestra quod vobis penitus ut
amicus fidelis, obnoxius esse cupio, et consilio vestro,
vestrae etiam dilectioni subdi desidero.
Ut Domino Eadmero honorem exhibeas obnixe postulo.
Vale.
XL.
Ralph, Archbishop of Canterbury, to Alexander I.,
King of Scots, A.D. 1120.
Eadmer, Hist. Nov., Lib. v. (Selden's edit., p. 134).
ALEXANDRO illustri Regi Scottorum, Frater Radulfus
Cantuariensis Ecclesiae Minister, sic regnare in regno
terreno, ut cum Christo regnare possit in caelo. Gratias,
quas possumus (Venerabilis Domine) sublimitati vestrae,
referimus pro dilectionis et honoris munere, quod erga
parvitatem nostram nuntiis et litteris referentibus vos
habere dignoscimus, In quo nos, proculdubio, nos pro
posse semper devotos habebitis et si quid in vita nostra
(Domino largiente) fructuosum inveniatur, vestrum esse
XXXIX.— XLI. 35
secure, sciatis. Gratias etiam, ex bona voluntate vobis
persolvimus pro susceptione carissimi filii nostri Eadmeri
videlicet electi episcopi vestri, quern secundum petitionem
vestram vobis transmissum honorifice tractastis. Quern
nos etiam ad partes nostras redeuntem, prout decuit
tantam personam officiose suscipientes, in adventu ipsius,
non mediocriter laetati sumus.
Cumque secretius, postea, inter nos sermo versaretur,
audivimus eum aliqua a sensu litterarum vestrarum, quas
prius audieramus diversa sentire, nee omnibus antea
auditis, ex toto assensum praebere. Nunc itaque quoniam
in scriptis vestris aliud legimus et aliud ab ipso fratre
percepimus, consilio nobis est, ut eundem filium nostrum
apud nos retineamus, quousque, Domino ducente, in
Angliam veniatis ; nisi forte aliquid aliud, quod nobis
faciendum sit, antea mandaveritis. Cum autem (Deo
donante) vobis praesentialiter loqui et rerum causas hinc
inde audire poterimus, si vita et doctrina hujus amici
nostri vobis et patriae vestrae utilis esse videtur injuncta
sibi obedientia ad electionis suae locum, si eum suscipere
vultis, redire poterit.
Si vero in conspectu vestro aliud placitum fuerit, nos
eum, ut virum in lege Domini multipliciter instructum et
omni bono operi apturn, cum magno gaudio retinebimus :
et sic spem bonam in misericordia Dei habentes, ejus
reditum fructuosum habebimus. Vale.
XLI.
Eadmer to Alexander I., King of Scots,
A.D. I I 22.
Ead., Hist. Nov., vi. (Selden's edn., p. 139).
ALEXANDRO illustri Regi Scottorum, Eadmerus quondam
electus Episcopus Scotiae, salutem et servitium.
36 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Pro benigna voluntate, quam se erga me vestra ex-
cellentia olim habuisse monstrare dignata est, gratias,
quas possum, vobis exsolvo.
Et quidem benignitatis vestrae non meritorum meorum
fuisse non nescio, quod praetermissis innumeris, quos et
vitae probitas et sapientiae atque prudentiae illustrabat
auctoritas, me in episcopatum elegistis, et regno vestro
in eis, quae Dei sunt, praeesse voluistis.
Reddat vobis omnipotens Deus pro tarn bona voluntate
illud praemium, quod bona voluntas meretur apud Eum.
Et hoc utique orat quotidie et desiderat anima mea.
Quod autem res alium, quam propositi communis tenor
extiterit, eventum sortita est, £)ei disposition!, quam
penetrare vel subterfugere nemo potest, ascribendum fore.:
non dubito. Quid tamen ' ex discessu meo a ':pontificatu
didicerim, si facultas mihi daretur secretius vobis loque,ndi
sanctae fidei vestrae notificarem. Licet , enim eorpore -a
vobis discesserim, noveritis tamen pro certo, quod .fidem,
quam vobis debeo, Deo juvante, non violabo. Unde
vestrum et regni honorem, in quibuscumque potero, si non
spreveritis, fideliter quaeram, Ipso teste, qui conscientiae
meae solus et verus inspector est.
Nee haec dico, quod multum desiderem in regno
vestro episcopari; sed tamen mallem dignitatem terrae
vestrae augeri quam minorari.
Praeterea noverit beatitudo vestra, quod omnes, qui
audiunt, qualiter electus, susceptus et pontificatu
saisitus, et loco pontificis substitutus fui, una sententia
asserunt nee me juste potuisse episcopatum dimittere
nee alium me vivente juxta legem Domini substitui
posse. Nee enim vir uxorem suam, aut uxor virum, ut
alii nubat, dimittere legaliter potest.
Sed fortasse dicitis, Tu dimisisti. Dimisi quidem, sed
(quod cum pace vestra dicatur) illata vi, cui contraire
nequivi. Cum enim perpes discordia et interminabiles
inimicitiae mihi ex vestra parte per eos, quos vobis
XLI. 37
familiares esse sciebam, intenderentur, nisi episcopatui
funditus cederem; et his vester habitus circa me, et
dissaisitio, qua me bis rebus ad pontificatum pertinenti-
bus sine lege et judicio spoliastis, attestarentur ; ne-
cessario dimisi quod ablatum retinere non potui. Sed
de istis epistolari brevitate disquiri commode non valet.
Quamobrem, omissis istis, breviter suggero, quia, si
in pace vestra permittitis, et opem (ut vestram regalem
sublimitatem decet) ferre volueritis, ut ad vos honorifice
redeam ad explendum apud vos servitium Dei et vestrum
secundum voluntatem Dei conabor iter aggredi, et in
omnibus voluntati vestrae parere ; nisi (quod absit)
videatur voluntati Dei resistere. Quodsi amplecti
minime vultis, ultra non possum.
Deo causam ecclesiae suae committo. Ipse videat,
Ipse dispenset, Ipse quod quisque meretur in hoc
suo negotio cuique reddat. Ego liberavi, ut aestimo,
animam meam.
Ego, uti debui, coram eo exposui causam meam,
paratus in omnibus sequi voluntatem suam. Ne tamen
putetis me in aliquo velle quidquam derogare libertati
vel dignitati regni Scottorum, securum vos esse volo,
quia quod a me petiistis, et ego tune quidem acquiescere
nolui, aestimans aliud quam secundum quod postmodum
didici aestimare debebam, de Rege scilicet Anglorum,
de Pontifice Cantuariorum, et de benedictione sacer-
dotali, si hucusque persistitis in sententia vestra me
amplius contradictorem non habetis ; nee ilia me a
servitio Dei et amore vestro, quin quod volueritis faciam,
ullo modo divellent : tantummodo alia, quae pontificis
Sancti Andreae juri competunt, mini liceat cum vestra
bona voluntate administrare. Haec olim vobis insinu-
assem ; sed, quia rumor quaque discurrebat vos in
Angliam, postposita omni ambiguitate, tune vel tune
aut certe tune venturum, scribere distuli, quod magis
optabam secreto vobis adfatu declarare.
38 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Sive igitur ista suscipiatis sive altiori consilio post-
ponatis, ego quod mea refert pura et simplici conscientia
feci, Ipso cuncta inspiciente et examinante qui novit
quid cuique redditurus aequo moderamine sit.
Quoniam ergo in manu ejus sunt etiam corda omnium
regum intimo corde rogo ut Ipse cor vestrum et actus
vestros ad se sua gratia dirigat ; quatenus et ecclesia
sua, quae in regno vestro peregrinatur, vestra ope in
sancta conversatione de die in diem proficiat, et animae
vestrae post hanc vitam beatitudinis aeternae merces
exinde proveniat.
Amen. Quid de istis excellentiae vestrae placeat,
benigne quaeso mihi fideli vestro litteris suis notificare
dignetur. Vale.
XLII.
Ralph, Archbishop of Canterbury, to Alexander I.,
King of Scots, A.D. 1122.
Eadmer, Hist. Nov., VI. (Selden's edn., p. 140).
ALEXANDRO illustri Regi Scottorum Radulfus Can-
tuariensis Ecclesiae Minister, et fratrum conventus Domino
Christo in ea deserviens, per ilium in terra regnare cui
famulatur omnis militia coelestis.
Novit prudentia vestra, carissime Domine, quanto
tempore sedes episcopalis, quae in patria vestra, prae-
cipua habetur, suo caruerit pastore ; quae procul dubio,
quanto fuerit suo destituta vigore, tanto deterius sub-
ditorum ruina inde proveniet.
Unde hortamur serenitatem vestram, quam divina
propitiatio inter alios reges ita absque notabili repre-
hensione hujusque honoravit ut ab omnibus laudabilis
habeatur, quatenus tanto religionis detrimento finem
XLL— XLIII. 39
dantes, pastorem quern vos canonice elegistis, et nos
legaliter ad vos misimus, ad sedem suam ex bona volun-
tate vestra revocetis. Et cum nee in vobis nee in ipso
culpa pateat, quare hoc digne fieri non debeat ex
patrum auctoritate non intelligimus qualiter, isto vivente,
alium memorata ecclesia vestra possit sortiri episcopum ;
quia sponsa Dei, suo superstite, ne fiat adultera, nisi legalem
omnem contemnit maritum. Quapropter, quomodocunque
hactenus hoc dilatum fuerit, virum, sicut speramus, vobis
utilem et in lege Dei a pueritia nobiliter instructum, in
primum dilectionis vestrae gradum et in officium sibi
injunctum pro vestra gloria revocate. Deus pacis et
dilectionis, a quo omne bonum consilium procedit, sit
semper vobiscum.
Quid vobis videatur de iis quae vobis mandamus, nobis
precamur rescribi facite.
Valeat dilectio vestra, cum domina Regina uxore
vestra, et cum omnibus qui ea quae justa sunt volunt,
et vos diligunt, gloriose domine et honorandae Sanctae
Matris Ecclesiae fili. Amen.
XLIII.
Pope Calixtus II. to Alexander I., King of Scots,
A.D. I I 22.
Reg. Alb. Ebor., p. I. fol. 51, and in. fol. 57.
CALIXTUS Episcopus servus servorum Dei illustri et
glorioso Scottorum Regi Alexandro salutem et apostoli-
cam benedictionem.
Pro episcoporum, qui in tuo sunt regno, praesumptione,
atque pro venerabilis fratris T[urstini] Eboracensis Archi-
episcopi negotio, alias ad te jam litteras misimus :
sed in nullo apud te usque adhuc, uti comperimus,
exauditi sumus. Quamobrem, nobilitatem tuam litterarum
40 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
praesentium visitatione in Domino commonentes, prae-
cipimus ut regni tui episcopos sese invicem consecrare
absque metropolitan! licentia nullatenus non permittas.
Cum autem ecclesiarum opportunitas exegerit ad
metropolitanum tuum Eboracensem videlicet Archi-
episcopum electi reverentcr accedant ; et aut per ejus
manum, aut si necessitas ingruerit per ejusdam licentiam,
consecrationem accipiant.
Cui nimirum Archiepiscopo et illos et teipsum, tanquam
patri et magistro, humiliter obedire apostolica auctoritate
praecipimus.
Datum Tarenti decimo octavo Kal. Februarii.
XLIV.
Pope Calixtus II. to John, Bishop of Glasgow,
A.D. I I 22.
Reg. Alb. Ebor., p. I. fol. 51 ; 2 Concil. p. 20.
CALIXTUS Episcopus servus servorum Dei venerabili
fratri Johanni Glasguensi Episcopo salutem et apostoli-
cam benedictionem.
Eboracencis ecclesiae postulatione a domino prae-
decessore . nostro sanctae memoriae Paschale Papa in
Episcopum consecratus es : quam profecto benignitatem
cum humiliter recognovisse debueris, in tantam (uti
accipimus) superbiam elevatus es, ut metropolitano
tuo Eboracensi Archiepiscopo, nee pro nostro etiam
praecepto, professionem volueris exhibere.
Contemptus hujus pertinaciam nos diutius pati non
posse pro certo cognoveris.
Propter quod repetita tibi praeceptione praecipimus, ut
Eboracensem ecclesiam, in cuius capitulo tanquam eius
suffraganeus electus es, non ut ingratus films, recognoscas
matrem tuam ; et venerabili fratri nostro Thurstino
metropolitano tuo professionem exhibeas.
XLIIL— XLVI. 41
Alioquin sententiam quam ipse in te canonica aequitate
protulerit, nos, auctore Deo, ratam habemus.
Data Tarenti XVIII. Kalend. Februarii.
XLV.
Pope Calixtus II. to John, Bishop of Glasgow,
A.D. I 122.
Reg. Alb. Ebor., p. i. fol. 51, and in. fol. 57 ; 2 Concil. p. 22.
CALIXTUS Episcopus servus servorum Dei Johanni
Glasguensi Episcopo salutem et apostolicam bene-
dictionem. Multis dilecti filii nostri Alexandri regis
Scottorum precibus inclinati, tibi aliquanti temporis
indutias dedimus, quatenus infra prefixi diei terminum
ad obedientiam venerabilis fratris nostri Thurstini Ebora-
cencis Archiepiscopi debita humilitate redires.
Sicut autem directa litterarum suarum notatione per-
cepimus, te ab ejus obedientia et subjectione subtrahere
praesumpsisti.
Unde tibi mandamus, quatenus infra triginta dies post
harum acceptionem litterarum ad praefati Archiepiscopi
subjectionem et obedientiam redeas.
Alioquin sententiam quae ab eo in te promulgata est,
confirmamus.
Data Laterani vii. Kalend. Septembris.
XLVI.
Grant by Earl David of a hundred shillings from
Hardingestrorna for the use of the Church of
Glasgow, circa A.D. 1123.
Regist. Epis. Glasguensis, No. 2.
DAVID Comes omnibus ecclesiae fidelibus salutem.
42 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Notum sit omnibus vobis me in perpetuo praebuisse
redditionem centum solidorum in Hardingestrorna, Glas-
guensi ecclesiae in elemosinam ad aedificationem et re-
staurationem ejusdem ecclesiae, et hoc deliberatione et
concessione Matildis uxoris meae. Testimonio ipsius
Matildis et procerum et militum meorum, Roberti de
- Brus et Roberti filii Nigelli, Hugonis de Morvilla.
Hugonis bret et Roberti Corbet, Walteri de lindeseia et
Walteri filii Winemerj. Valete.
XLVII.
Grant by King Alexander I. of the island of
Loch Tay to the Canons of Scon,
circa A.D. 1123.
Liber Eccl. S. Trin. de Scon, No. 2.
ALEXANDER Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, episcopis et
comitibus necnon omnibus fidelibus suis totius Scotiae,
salutem.
Notum vobis facio me ad honorem Dei et Sanctae
Mariae [et] omnium Sanctorum pro me et pro anima
reginae Sibillae, insulam de Lochtei perpetuo jure
possidendam cum omni dominio ad eandem insulam
pertinenti, Sanctae Trinitati de Scon canonice Deo ibi
fratribus famulantibus dedisse ut ecclesia Dei ibi pro
me et pro anima reginae ibi defunctae fabricetur et in
habitu religionis Deo ibi serviant et hoc do eis interim
quousque dedero eis aliud augmentum unde locus in
Dei obsequium exaltetur. Teste Herberto cancellario.
Apud Striuelin.
XLVL— XLIX. 43
XLVIII.
Grant by King Alexander I. to the Church of
Scon of the can and custom of a ship and
of protection to the merchants bringing goods
in the ship, A.D. 1 124.
Liber Eccl. S. Trin. de Scon, No. 3.
ALEXANDER Dei gratia Rex Scottorum omnibus mer-
catoribus Angliae, salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse in elemosinam ecclesiae
Sanctae Trinitatis de Scon et priori fratribusque ibi
servientibus can et consuetudines unius navis et ideo
volo et firmiter praecipio ut omnes mercatores extra
regionem Scotiae manentes qui navem illam cum mer-
cibus suis ascendere atque in Sconam venire voluerint
pacem meam et Dei eundo et redeundo pacemque
tenendo habeant et nulli nisi priori et fratribus dictae
ecclesiae de consuetudinibus illius navis respondeant.
Teste Roberto episcopo electo Sancti Andreae et Herberto
cancellario. Apud Perth.
XLIX.
Grant of jurisdiction by King Alexander I. to
the Prior and Brethren of Scon, A.D. 1124.
Liber Eccl. S. Trin. de Scon, No. 4.
ALEXANDER Dei gratia Rex Scottorum episcopis et
comitibus necnon et omnibus fidelibus totius terrae
suae, salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse ecclesiae Sanctae Trinitatis de Scon
et priori fratribusque ibidem Deo servientibus suam
propriam curiam, scilicet in duello in ferro in fossa et in
44 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
omnibus aliis libertatibus ad curiam pertinentibus nee
ulli respondeant nisi in sua curia propria. Testibus
Roberto episcopo electo Sancti Andreae, Cormaco
episcopo, Gregorio episcopo de Morauia, Herberto can-
cellario, Beth comite, Malis comite, Eduardo constabulario,
Willelmo fratre reginae, Gospatricio filio Waltheui. Apud
Scon.
Notitia of the history of the see of Glasgow and
of the Inquisitio by Earl David as to the
extent of the lands of the church of Glasgow,
circa A.D. 1124.
Regist. Epis. Glasguensis, No. i.
IGITUR quandoquidem praedecessorum instituta mortalium
litterarum ostentatione et scribarum deliberatione ad
memoriam revocantur : Nos Cumbrensium quaedam gesta
nobilium praesentibus apicibus memoriae commendavimus.
In Cumbria itaque, regione quadam inter Angliam et
Scotiam sita, fide catholica in illis climatibus prius
exuberante ac propagante : domestici fidei ac proceres
regni cum rege provinciae co-operante in honorem Dei
et Sanctae Mariae piae genetricis ecclesiam Glasguensem
sedem, scilicet pontificalem Cumbrensis regionis funda-
verunt et dignis sanctionibus pro pristina sanctorum
religione fratrum solidaverunt.
Haec vero pulchris initiatibus et ecclesiasticis institu-
tionibus sanctae quoque fidei rudimentis inolevit et
dispositione divina Sanctum Kentegernum in episcopum
admisit qui coelestis affluentiam doctrinae sitientibus
propinaret et cibum spiritualem ut fidelis dispensator
esurientibus ministraret.
XLIX.— L. 45
Verumenimvero fraudulentus exterminator supra dictam
ecclesiam diu inviolabiliter constare ingemiscens, con-
suetis versutiis suis post multa temporum curricula
scandala intolerabilia Cumbrensium ecclesiae machi-
navit. Dicto namque Kentegerno pluribusque suc-
cessoribus suis piae religionis perseverantia ad Deum
transmigratis : diversae seditiones circumquaque insurgentes
non solum ecclesiam et ejus possessiones destruxerunt,
verum etiam totam regionem vastantes, ejus habitatores
exilio tradiderunt Sic ergo omnibus bonis exterminatis,
magnis temporum intervallo transactis, diverse tribus
diversarum nationum ex diversis partibus affluentes,
desertam regionem praefatam habitaverunt : sed dispari
genere et dissimili lingua et vario more viventes baud
facile [inter] sese consentientes gentilitatem potius quam
fidei cultum tenuere. Quos infelices damnatae habita-
tionis habitatores more pecudum irrationabiliter degentes,
dignatus est Dominus qui neminem vult perire propi-
tiatione sua visitare ; tempore enim Henrici regis Angliae,
Alexandro Scottorum rege in Scotia regnante, misit eis
Deus David praedicti regis Scotiae germanum in principem
et ducem, qui eorum impudica et scelerosa contagia corri-
geret et animi nobilitate et inflexibili severitate contume-
liosam eorum contumaciam refrenaret.
Hie nempe bene vivendi studio fervidus profanae mul-
titudinis miseriae condolens, ut pastorali solicitudine
qua diutius caruerant eorum opprobria deleret, divino
instigatus hortamine, Johannem quemdam religiosum
virum qui eum educaverat vitamque ejus Deo non
imbeciliter devotam voverat, . . . consilio clericorumque
suorum auxilio in episcopum elegit. Sed cum episcopus
cognita infelicis populi feritate et abominabili vitiorum
multiplicitate utpote perterritus Jerusalem profkisci
disposuisset, ab apostolico Paschali licet invitus con-
secratus, officium susceptae solicitudinis nullatenus
differre voluit, sed cum gaudio sub plebis alacritate a
46 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
principe et a proceribus regni receptus, verbum praedica-
tionis Spiritu Sancto largiflue operante per Cumbrensem
parochiam diffudit
Inquisitio per David Principem Cumbrensem de terris
Ecclesiae Glasguensi pertinentibus facta.
DAVID vero Cumbrensis regionis princeps, amore praecipue
Dei partim quoque [ob] religiosi dilectionem et ammoni-
tionem terras ecclesiae Glasguensi pertinentes singulis
Cumbriae provinciis quae sub dominio et potestate ejus
erant (non vero toti Cumbrensi regioni dominabatur)
inquirere fecit ut avidus ipsius ecclesiae restaurationis
possessionum earum quas antiquitus tenuerat posteris
et sequacibus suis certitudinem relinqueret.
Has vero auxilio et investigatione seniorum hominum
et sapientiorum totius Cumbriae pro posse suo investi-
gavit quae inferius subscribuntur.
Carcleuien . Camcar . Camcachecheyn . Lengartheyn .
Pathelanerhc . Cunclut . Chefcarnenuat . Carnethyn .
Caruil . Quendal . Abercarf . Mecheyn . Planmichel . Sto-
boc . Penteiacob . Alnecrumba Treueronum . Lillescliva .
Asheschyrc . Hodelme . Edyngaheym . Abermelc . Driues-
dale . Colehtaun . Trevertrold . Aschebj . Brumescheyd .
Treuergylt, in Pobles una carrucata terrae et ecclesia, in
Treverquyrd una carrucata et ecclesia, in Mereboda una
carrucata et ecclesia.
Has terras juraverunt fore pertinentes ecclesiae Glasgu
rogatu et imperio supradicti principis, Uchtred filius
Waldef . Gille films Boed . Leysing et Oggo Cumbrenses
judices . Halden films Eadulf.
Hujus rei testes sunt ut audientes et videntes,
Matildis comitissa, quae ex parte sua concessit, Willelmus
nepos ipsius principis, Cospatric frater Dalfin, Waldef
frater suus. Cospatric films Uctred, Cospatric films Alden,
Osolf filius Eadiue, Maccus filius Undweyn, Uhctred
films Scot, Ulchel filius Alstan . Hugo de Morvilla .
L.— LII. 47
Paganus de Brausa . Osbert de Ardena . Gervasius Ridel .
Guido de Caynes . Berengarius Engaine . Robertas Corbet .
Walterus de Lindeseya. Robertus de Burnevilla. Reinaldus
de Muscans . Walterus films Winemari . Willelmus venator.
Alanus de Perci . Walterus de Broy.
LI.
Charter by Earl David granting in elemosinam
the lands held under him by the monks of
Daventry, A.D. 1114-1124.
Registr. Prior. Daventre.
DAUID Comes omnibus baronibus suis et amicis suis
Francis et Anglis salutem. Sciatis me concessisse
monachis de Dauentre quicquid tenent de meo feudo in
terris et decimis et in aliis rebus, scilicet in elemosina.
Testibus H. de Leicestria et H. de Moreuill et Roberto
filio Ingell. Apud Jerdelai.
LII.
Confirmation by Earl David of the grant by
Robert de Brus of Karkarevil to the Abbey
of St. Mary at York, A.D. 1114-1124.
Dugdale's Monasticon, III., p. 583.
OMNIBUS videntibus vel audientibus litteras has David
Comes, salutem. Sciatis me concessisse Deo et Sanctae
Mariae et Abbatiae Eboracensi in puram elemosinam,
villam quae vocatur Karkarevil et ecclesiam ejusdem
villae, quam dedit Robertus Brus praedictae abbatiae pro
salute mea et uxoris meae et pro salute animarum patris
et matris meae et pro animabus omnium fidelium defunc-
torum. Valete.
48 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
LIII.
Charter by Earl David to Roger the Archdeacon
of land in Totenham, A.D. 1114-1124.
Original in the Archives of the Duchy of Lancaster.
DAVID Comes, Edwardo praeposito et omnibus succes-
soribus suis et omnibus hominibus suis de terra et soca
sua in Londonia et Totenham salutem. Sciatis me
concessisse et dedisse Rogero Archidiacono et heredi
ejus totam terram quam tenuit Alwinus Kybbel et
Ailwardus subsessor ejus libere cum sacha et socha,
dando singulis annis III. solidos pro censu et vm.
denarios pro sacha et socha et Agelwardus ibit ad
placita comitis manutenenda et ipse Archidiaconus si
in Londonia fuerit expeditus et summonitus fuerit
manutenebit placita comitis. Et qui sub eo hospitati
fuerint absque occasione implacitationis. Nee Agel-
wardo faciet Archidiaconus incrementum super hoc quod
solebat dare sed nee ipsi Archidiacono incrementum fiet,
et nullus hospitabitur in domo Archidiaconi nisi Robertus
Foliot et armigeri sui nisi per Archidiaconum. Et si
comiti Episcopus vel alia persona ecclesiastica venerit,
si opus fuerit hospitabitur. Hujus concessionis testes
sunt Willelmus Peveraell, Hugo de Morevilla, Fulbertus
de Totenham, Alwinus capellanus comitis, Radulfus pres-
byter de Totenham, Edwardus prepositus comitis.
Alfricus presbyter de Sancto Bartholemeo, Edwinus
Aldormann, Arnaldus, Radulfus films Arth.
LIV.
Charter by King David granting Annandale to
Robert de Brus, circa A.D. 1124.
Original in the Archives of the Duchy of Lancaster.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, omnibus baronibus
suis et hominibus et amicis Francis et Anglis salutem.
LIII.— LV. 49
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Roberto de Brus
Estrahanent et totam terram a divisa Dunegal de Stranit
usque ad divisam Randulfi Meschin ; et volo et concede
ut illam terram et suum castellum bene et honorifice
cum omnibus consuetudinibus suis teneat et habeat,
videlicet cum omnibus illis consuetudinibus quas
Randulfus Meschin unquam habuit in Carduill et in
terra sua de Cumberland, illo die in quo unquam
meliores et liberiores habuit.
Testibus Eustachio filio Johannis et Hugone de Morvilla
et Alano de [Perci] et Willelmo de Sumervilla et
Berengario Engaine et Randulfo de Sules et Willelmo
de Morvilla et Henrico filio Warini et Edmundo Camerario.
Apud Sconam.
LV.
Pope Honorius II. to David, King of Scots,
A.D. 13 April, 1125.
2 Concil. p. 211.
HONORIUS Episcopus servus servorum Dei dilecto filio
David illustri Scottorum Regi, salutem et apostolicam
benedictionem.
Oportet devotos et humiles beati Petri discipulos,
quae ad honorem sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae spectare
cognoverint, attentius operari.
Unde nobilitate tuae rogando mandamus, ut dilectum
filium nostrum Johannem Cardinalem, cui vices nostras in
partibus illis commisimus, reverenter suscipias et honores.
Episcopos etiam terrae tuae, cum ab eo vocati fuerint,
ad concilium suum facies convenire.
Controversiam quae inter Thurstanum Eboracensem
Archiepiscopum et episcopos terrae tuae diu agitata est,
eidem legato nostro diligentius indagandam discutiendam-
que committimus. Finalem vero sententiam apostolicae
sedis judicio reservamus.
Data Laterani Idibus Aprilis.
50 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
LVI.
Charter by King David granting to the Monks of
St. Andrew at Northampton the Church of
Polton, A.D. 1124-1130.
Regist. Prior. S. Andreae de Northampton.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum Roberto Episcopo
Lincolniensi et Hugoni vicecomiti de Leycestria et omni-
bus ministris et fidelibus suis Francis et Anglis salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse in perpetuam elemosinam
ecclesiam de Poltona cum omnibus appendiciis suis mon-
achis meis ecclesiae Sancti Andreae de Northampton pro
salute animae et Matildis Reginae uxoris meae et omnium
antecessorum meorum. Quare volo et firmiter praecipio
quatenus libere et quiete earn teneant sicut libera elemosina.
Testibus Roberto de Rend et Hugone de Moruilla, Roberto
Corbet, Edwardo Capellano. Apud Barwykke.
LVII.
Confirmation by King David of the rights of the
monks of St. Andrew at Northampton,
A.D. 1124-1130.
Regist. Prior. S. Andreae de Northampton.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum omnibus suis hominibus
fidelibus et amicis totius Angliae salutem. Volo ut bene
sciatis me concessisse monachis Sancti Andreae de North-
ampton Deo et Beatae Mariae servientibus omnia quaecum-
que teneant sive ex me sive ex meis hominibus eo die quo
factus sum Rex Scotiae. Et ut ea omnia honorifice et
quiete teneant. Et praecipio omnibus meis hominibus et
praecipue dapifero meo non eos iniuste manuteneatis et si
LVI.— LIX. 51
quis de meis tenentibus injuriam eis facere praesumpserit,
plenariam rectitudinem eis habere faciatis. Testibus
Michaele de Hamesl. Roberto de Brus, Hugone de
Moreuilla, Rogero filio Nigelli, Roberto filio Vitalis,
Willelmo nepote regis, Ilbard de Agenho, Ogero de
Hotton.
LVIII.
Confirmation by King David to the Monks of
Northampton of a grant of forty shillings from
the rents of Bedford, A.D. 1124-1130.
Regist. Prior. S. Andreae de Northampton.
DAUID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum Reginaldo de Bull
salutem. Praecipio tibi quatenus intendas priori et
monachis de Northampton de XL. solidis de redditionibus
de Bedford et fac eis habere XXd solidos ad Pascha et
xxt! solidos ad festum Sancti Michaelis, et nulli nisi
ipsi inde respondeas ut quicunque post te minister fuerit
simili eis habere faciat ut clamorem inde non audiam.
Teste Herberto Cancellario et Hugone de Leycestria, et
Grimbaud. Apud Huntyndon.
LIX.
Confirmation by King David to the Church of St.
Augustine at Daventry, A.D. 1124-1130.
Regist. Prior. Daventry.
DAUID Dei gratia rex Scottorum omnibus probis hominibus
suis et amicis salutem. Sciatis me concessisse Deo et
Sanctae Mariae caritatis et ecclesiae sancti Augustini de
Dauentre et monachis ibidem Deo servientibus in per-
petuum in elemosinam quicquid tenent de feudo meo de
quocunque sit. Et Willelmus et Hugo qui canonici sunt
eiusdem loci prebendas suas omni vita sua libere et honori-
fice teneant, nisi habitum suum vel vitam mutaverint.
52 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Testibus A Episcopo Lincolniensi, et Herberto Cancellario
et Waltero Archidiacono et Hugone de Moreuill et Roberto
de Brus et Widone de Chanin et Willelmo de Hoct. et
aliis. Apud ierdelai, die dedicationis ecclesiae Sancti
Andreae de Jerdelai.
LX.
Confirmation by King David to the Monks of
Northampton of the Church of Brawfeld, with a
virgate of land and rights in the wood of
Yerdelay, A.D. 1124-1130.
Regist. Prior. S. Andreae de Northampton.
DAUID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum Hugoni Vicecomiti et
Grimbald et omnibus ministris suis salutem. Praecipio quod
monachi de Northampton teneant ecclesiam de Braufeld
cum virgata terrae quae ad earn pertinet liberam et
quietam ab omni servitio mihi pertinenti. Concedo
etiam eis ut habeant duas carectas in nemore de ierdele ad
capiendum mortuum boscum. Teste Herberto Cancellario
et Roberto de Brus. Apud Dunferm[line].
LXI.
Mandate by King David regarding the payment
of tithe to the Church of Dunfermline,
circa A.D. 1125.
Regist. de Dunfermelyn, No. 6.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Willelmo vicecomiti et prepositis
et ministris suis de Struelin, salutem. Sciatis quia volo
et nrmiter praecipio quod habere faciatis monachis de
Dunfermelyn omnes decimas et rectitudines suas ita
plenarie sicut eis plenius dedi et in elemosinam concessi,
in omnibus rebus quas juste debent habere unde poteritis
eis justitiam facere. Et nullus super meum forisfactum
eis detineat; Testibus Johanne Episcopo, Randulpho
de Suies. Apud Perth.
LIX.— LXIII. 53
LXII.
Grant by King David to the Church of Dun-
fermline of the tithe of the King's lands of
Dunfermline and dwellings in four burghs,
circa A.D. 1125.
Regist. de Dunfermelyn, No. 26.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Roberto electo Sancti
Andreae et omnibus comitibus et baronibus et omnibus
fidelibus suis, salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et dedisse in perpetuum in
elemosinam pro anima patris et matris meae et fratrum
et antecessorum meorum, ecclesiae Sanctae Trinitatis de
Dunfermelyn omnem decimationem de omnibus dominiis
meis de Dunfermelyn, nisi de illis quae ad alias ecclesias
pertinent ; et unam mansuram in burgo meo de Dun-
fermelyn liberam et quietam, et aliam in burgo meo
in Struelin, et aliam in burgo meo de Perth, et aliam in
burgo meo de Edenesburge.
Testibus Roberto electo Sancti Andreae et Herberto
Cancellario. Apud Dunfermelyn.
LXIII.
Pope Honorius II. to the Bishop elect of
Candida Casa, circa A.D. 1125.
2 Concil. 24.
HONORIUS Episcopus, servus servorum Dei, dilecto filio
electo de Candida Casa, salutem et apostolicam bene-
dictionem.
Cui alii a Domino praeesse conceditur, nulla suis
digne subesse praelatis superbia convincatur : ideoque
54 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
per praesentia scripta tibi mandamus, ut ad carissimum
fratrem nostrum Turstinum Eboracensem Archiepiscopum
tanquam ad proprium metropolitanum tuum consecrandus
accedas : et ab ipsius manu, praesente Sancti Spiritus
gratia cum humilitatis devotione consecrationem accipias.
Data Laterani quinto idus Decembri.
LXIV.
Profession of Gilla-Aldan, Bishop elect of Candida
Casa, to Thurstin, Archbishop of York, circa
A.D. 1126.
6 Dugdale, Monasticon, p. 1189; 2 Concil. 25.
DOMINO et patri suo reverendo Thurstino Dei gratia
Eboracensis provinciae metropolitano, Gilla Aldan humilis
electus Candidae Casae salutem et obedientiam.
Cognovi, tam scriptis patrum authenticis quam veredicis
antiquorum virorum testimoniis, quod episcopus Candidae
Casae ab antiquo debeat ad matrem suam Eboracensem
metropolim respicere, et in his quae ad Deum pertinent
obtemperare : quapropter ego Gilla Aldan Candidae Casae
electus sanctae Eboracensis ecclesiae, et tibi Turstine
et successoribus tuis canonice instituendis debitam sub-
jectionem a sanctis patribus institutam et canonicam
obedientiam me amodo servaturum promitto.
LXV.
Confirmation by King David of Coldingham and
other lands to the Monks of St. Cuthbert
at Durham, A.D. 1126.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum omnibus per regnum
suum in Scotia et Lodoneio constitutis Scottis et Anglis
salutem.
LXIII.— LXVI. 55
Sciatis me concessisse et dedisse Deo et Sancto
Cuthberto et monachis ejus in elemosinam has terras in
Lodoneio, scilicet Goldingeham, Aldecambes, Lumesdene,
Ristun, Reinintun, Swinewde, Prenegest, Eitun et aliam
Eitun et Cramesmutham, Lambertun et aliam Lambertun,
Paxtun, Fiswic et Swintun omnes has suprascriptas
terras ego do et concede Deo et Sancto praedicto et
monachis ejus cum sacca et socna et toll et team
et infangethef et cum omnibus terris et silvis et aquis et
fracturis navium et cum omnibus consuetudinibus, liberas et
quietas ab omni opere et servitio, pro salute animae meae
et filii mei Henrici et pro animabus patris et matris meae et
fratrum et sororum mearum. Praecipio etiam et defendo
ne aliquis de hac mea donatione aliquam injuriam vel
molestiam aut calumpniam monachis Sancti Cuthberti
amodo faciat quia volo ut haec mea elemosina libera et
quieta ab omni calumpnia in perpetuum remaneat
Haec carta firmata est anno ab incarnatione Domini
M.C.XXVI, tertio anno regni mei, apud Pebles et etiam
concessu Henrici filii mei.
Et isti alii sunt inde testes, Johannes Episcopus, Rod-
bertus de Brus, Herbertus Cancellarius, Ascelinus Archi-
diaconus, Paganus de Braiosa, Hugo Brito, Berengarius
Ingania, Gospatricius, Vicecomes, Aimarus.
LXVI.
Mandate by King David that no distress be taken
on the land nor from the men, of the Church
of Dunfermline, except for their own debt,
circa A.D. 1 126.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 16.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum omnibus baronibus
suis et fidelibus suis, salutem.
56 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Praecipio vobis ne capiatis aliquod namum super terrain
et super homines Sanctae Trinitatis de Dunfermelyn pro
forisfacto alicujus nisi pro proprio forisfacto illorum.
Teste Hugone de Moreuill. Apud Edenburge.
LXVII.
Mandate by King David that no distress be taken
on the lands of the Church of St. Andrews for
the debt of a stranger, circa A.D. 1126.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, baronibus vicecomitibus minis-
tris et omnibus probis hominibus suis totius regni sui,
salutem.
Sciatis quia volo et firmiter prohibeo quod nullum
namum capiatur usquam in terris pertinentibus ecclesiae
Sancti Andreae pro alterius forisfacto vel debitis aliorum.
Teste Herberto camerario apud Rochesburg.
LXVIII.
Grant by King David to the Church of Dunferm-
line of three serfs, circa A.D. 1126.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 19.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, omnibus probis homi-
nibus suis, salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse Ragewin et Gillepatric et Ulchil
in perpetuum ecclesiae Sanctae Trinitatis de Dunfermelyn
sicuti homines meos proprios.
LXVI.—LXX. 57
Testibus Johanne Episcopo et Gillemichel Comite et
Waldeuo fratre Dolfin et Maldoueni judice et Unyet
albo et Rob. Burgeis. Apud Dunfermelyn.
LXIX.
Grant by King David to the Church of Dun-
fermline of a toft in the burgh of Perth,
circa A.D. 1126.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 25.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scotiae omnibus fidelibus
hominibus suis totius Scotiae et praepositis de Perth,
salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse in elemosinam ecclesiae Sanctae
Trinitatis de Dunfermelyn unum toftum in meo burgo de
Perth quietum de omnibus rebus.
Ideo mando vobis quatenus faciatis eidem ecclesiae
habere illud ibidem quod Swain saisivit.
Testibus Herberto cancellario et Hugone de Moreuill.
Apud Striuelin.
LXX.
Mandate by King David regarding fugitive serfs
of the Church of Dunfermline, circa A.D. 1126.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 32.
DAVID Rex Scottorum omnibus fidelibus suis totius
Scotiae et Laudoniae, salutem.
Praecipio quatenus cito Cumerlache reddantur ecclesiae
Sanctae Trinitatis de Dunfermelyn et omnes servi sui
quos pater meus et mater mea et fratres mei ei dederunt
58 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
et Cumerlache sui a tempore Edgari regis usque nunc
cum tota pecunia sua ubicunque inveniantur et prohibeo
ne injuste retineantur.
Testibus Herberto cancellario et Unyet. Apud Dun-
fermelin.
LXXI.
Charter by King David granting to the Monks
of the Church of St. Andrew at Northampton,
tithes and lands in Scaldeford and Exton,
circa A.D. 1 126.
5 Dugdale, p. 191 ; Regist. Prior. St. Andreae de Northampton.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum omnibus baronibus
et hominibus suis, salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et confirmasse monachis
ecclesiae Sancti Andreae Northamptoniae ut ubicunque
decimas dominii mei plenarie eis habeant tarn in
pecoribus quam in omnibus fructibus terrae eis quicquid
Confirmo igitur quicquid habent in villa de Scaldeford.
scilicet unum molendinum et unam carrucatam terrae in
liberam elemosinam.
Reliquam vero terram quam ibidem habent ea libertate
tenebunt qua Robertus films Vitalis, dominus ejusdem
villae, terram suam tenet, nee aliquam consuetudinem ei
inde debent sicut ipse confessus est ante me et meos
homines.
Concede igitur eis ut apud Extonam terram illam quae
vocatur Wiliges frangatur et seminetur et nullus eos
inquietare praesumat.
^ Testibus Michaele de Hanesel et Roberto de Brus
et Roberto filio Nigelli. Apud Gerdelai.
LXX.— LXXIII. 59
LXXII.
Charter by King- David to the Church of
St. Cuthbert in Edinburgh, circa A.D. 1127.
Holyrood Charters, No. 3.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, omnibus probis hominibus suis
totius Lodonie clericis et laicis, Francis et Anglicis,
salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse ecclesiae Sancti
Cuthberti juxta castellum totam terram sub eodem castello
videlicet a fonte quae oritur juxta angulum gardini regis
per viam qua itur ad eandem ecclesiam et ex altera parte
sub castello usque pervenitur ad unam viam quae est sub
eodem castello versus orientem.
Testibus Henrico filio Regis et Willelmo de Graham
et Thor de Trauernent et Malbead de Libertona.
LXXIII.
Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrew's,
granting to the church of Coldingham freedom
from aid, cain, or conveth, payable to the
Bishops of St. Andrews, A.D. 17 July, 1127.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
OMNIBUS sanctae matris ecclesiae fidelibus clericis et
laicis tarn praesentibus quam futuris, Rodbertus Dei
gratia Sancti Andreae Episcopus, salutem.
Notum sit vobis omnibus quod nos coram domino
nostro Rege David et Turstino Archiepiscopo Eboracensi
60 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
et Rannulfo Dunelmensi Episcopo, Johanne Episcopo
Glascuensi, et Gaufrido Abbate Sancti Albani et aliis
multis personis convocavimus Algarum Priorem Sancti
Cuthberti de Dunelmo ante hostium Ecclesiae Sancti
Johannis Evangelistae in Rokesburc, ibique quantum ad
episcopalem auctoritatem pertinet praesentis cartae attes-
tatione ac munimine clamavimus concessimus et con-
firmavimus, Ecclesiam de Coldingham liberam et quietam
in perpetuum, tarn a nobis quam a successoribus nostris
ab omni calumpnia consuetudine Cana vel Cunevethe
atque ab omni servitio quod ad nos pertinet vel ad suc-
cessores nostros. Quare volumus ut episcopali auctori-
tate confirmamus, quatenus ecclesia de Coldingham et
omnes ecclesiae vel capellae quae amodo canonice ad
ecclesiam Sancti Cuthberti pertinuerint, libere et quiete
sint in perpetuum ab omni episcopali auxilio Cana et
Conevethe ita ut liberiores et quietiores sint quam aliquae
aliae ecclesiae abbatiarum quae fuerint in Lothoneio. Et
prohibemus ne aliquis amodo episcopus, archidiaconus
vel decanus, aliquam omnino ulterius consuetudinem vel
auxilium ab eis exigat, nisi forte gratis dare voluerint.
Haec omnia fecimus prece et consilio domini Regis
David et praedictorum Episcoporum fratrum nostrorum,
pro amore Sancti Cuthberti et fraternitate Dunelmen-
sium monachorum XVI. Kalendas Augusti in festo
Sancti Kentigerni Martyris, anno ab incarnatione Domini
MC.XXVII.
Testibus praesentibus Rodberto fratre meo, Blahano
presbitero de Litun, Adulfo presbitero de Aldehamstoc,
Henrico presbitero de Leinhale, Orm presbitero de Eden-
ham et Johanne presbitero de Ledgardeswde, Godwino
dapifero Godwino camerario meo et Balsan, cum multis
aliis personis religiosis tarn clericorum quam laicorum.
LXXIIL— LXXIV. 61
LXXIV.
Charter by King David to the Church of Dun-
fermline confirming the grants of preceding
kings, and granting many lands and privi-
leges, circa A.D. 1128.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. i.
IN nomine Sanctae et Individuae Trinitatis. Ego David
Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, auctoritate regia ac potestate,
Henrici filii mei assensu, et Matildis Reginae uxoris
meae, episcoporum, comitum, baronumque regni mei
confirmatione et testimonio clero etiam adquiescente et
populo, ecclesiae Sanctae Trinitatis Dunfermelitane, prae-
decessorum meorum pietatis studio et largitionis initiatae
omnia subscripta concedo et pace perpetua confirmo.
Patris itaque et matris meae dona subsequentia propono,
Pardusin, Pethnaurcha, Petcorthin, Petbachelin, Lauer,
Bolgin, Schyram de Kircalethyn, Inuiresc minorem.
Dona Duncan patris mei duas villas nomine Lusker ;
Dona Edgaris patris met Schyram de Gellald. Dona
Ethelredi fratris mei, Hale. Dona Alexandri Regis fratris
mei, Duninad, Schiram de Gatemilc, Petconmarthin, Bale-
kerin, Drumbernin, Keeth. Dona Sibillae Reginae, Beeth.
Et haec praedicta praedecessorum meorum dona concedo
liberaliter prefatae ecclesiae in perpetuum cum omnibus
suis appendiciis et rectis divisis.
Dona denique propria subsequuntur, Dunfermlin citra
aquam in qua ecclesia sita est, Kingorn cum suis appen-
diciis qui propinquior est Dunfermlin, Foeth, Inveresc
majorem cum molendino et piscinis, unam mansuram in
Berwiche, aliam in burgo de Edinburgh, tertiam in burgo
de Striuelin, quartam in burgo Dunfermelitan quintam
in burgo de Perth et ecclesiam burgi de Perth et red-
ditum centum solidorum in Anglia.
62 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Omnia autem dona praedicta ita liberaliter et quiete
praefatae ecclesiae concede, sicut ego terras meas proprias
possideo, defensione regni mei excepta et justitia regali,
si Abbas in curia sua aliqua negligentia de justitia
deciderit
Concede et omnem octavam partem de omnibus placitis
et querelis meis de Fif et de Fotherif, et omnem decimam
totius mei can quod afferetur ad Dunfermlin, et omnem
decimam praebendae quae afferetur ibidem de Fif et de
Fotherif, et decimam omnium venationum quae ibidem
afferentur et medietatem coriorum et seporum et
segaminis omnium bestiarum quae occidentur ad fes-
tivitates tenendas in Struelin et inter Forth et Tey, et
concede can unius navis liberum et quietum ubicunque
in regno meo applicuerit, concede et ut habeant in
nemoribus meis omnia necessaria ad ignem et ad
aedifkia sua sicut meipsi et hominibus eorum sicut et
meis.
Volo denique ut omnes oblationes quae ad majus
altare ejusdem offerentur sine calumpnia liberaliter
habeant et de seliches quae ad Kingorn capientur
postquam decimatae fuerint, concede ut omnes septimos
seliches habeant, salisque et [ferri] quae ad opus
meum ad Dunfermlin adlata fuerint omnem decimam
concede.
Supra taxatam autem ecclesiam cum omnibus quae
Dei donante dementia, in praesenti sicut praesens testatur
privilegium obtinet et in future eadem adquirere dementia
valebit in summae pacis tranquillitate et ab omni
liberimam tarn secularis quam ecciesiasticae potestatis
subjectione et exactionis inquietudinem permanere
decernimus excepta sola canonica obediencia quam debet
unaque matris suae per orbem ecclesia.
Eandem quoque libertatem in omnibus quam ecclesia
Sancti Andreae retinet jure inconcusso aeternaliter
possideat.
LXXIV.— LXXV. 63
Cujus etiam jura in hoc privilegio praenotata est
dignitatis privilegia immutilata servare et stabilitate
perpetua firmare.
Nosque praesentes sumus successoribus nostris sub
hac conditione confirmando mandamus et mandando
confirmamus ut siquis ea perturbare voluerit et nostrae
defensionis statuta divellere minuere ac violare conten-
deret non ignoret se contra ipsum mundi Salvatorem
niti et ideo nee resipuerit aeternae damnationis
sententiam incurrere eumque Deus de libro vitae deleat
quae ecclesiae prefatae de concessu potestatis jure
aliquod abstulerit. Amen Fiat. Ego Robertus Sancti
Andreae Episcopus confirmo, Ego Johannis Glasguensis
Episcopus confirmo, Ego Cormaccus Dunkeldensis Epis-
copus confirmo, Ego Gregorius Moraviensis Episcopus
confirmo, Ego Macbeth Rosmarkensis Episcopus confirmo.
Hujus et privilegia testes et assertores sunt Ed.
Comes, Constantinus Comes, Malise Comes, Rotheri
Comes, Madeth Comes, Gillemichel Mac duf, Herbertus
Cancellarius, Hugo de Moreuill, Robertus Corbet,
Robertus de Monte acuto, Vnyet albus, Maldoueni Mac
ocbeth, Maldoueni de Scona, Gillepatric Mac Impethin
Alwyn Mac Arkil, Robertus Burg, Edwardus films
Siwardi, Walclinus Capellanus.
LXXV.
King David, respecting the consecration of Robert,
Bishop of St. Andrews, at York, A.D. 1128.
2 Concil. p. 215; Dugdale's Monasticon, vi., p. 1187.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Universis Sanctae
Ecclesiae filiis, salutem.
Notum sit tarn praesentibus quam futuris, Thurstinum
Eboracensis Archiepiscopum consecrasse sine professione
et obedientia pro amore Dei et mei, Robertum Sancti
64 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Andreae Episcopum, salva querela Eboracensis Ecclesiae,
et salva justitia Sancti Andreae.
Et si quando Archiepiscopus Eboracensis de querela
sua loqui voluerit, plenariam rectitudinem remota mali-
volentia ei exequar, ubi juste debebo.
Testibus Ranulfo Dunelmensi Episcopo, Johanne
Glasguensi, Radulpho Orcadensi, Gaufrido Eboracensi
monasterii abbate, Herebert Rochesburg' Wold' de Croy-
land Adelof priore, Sconensi, Gaultero de Gaunt,
Eustachio filio Johannis, Hugone Decano et toto Sancti
Petri capitulo, Gaufrido Murdac, Anketino de Bulemer,
Roberto de Wanevilla, Rogero de Eummers; et de
Scotia, Aymaro milite, Aldano filio Alsimald, Ulkil
filio Morvyn, Ulkil filio Maldred, Gilcolyn Slugepah.
LXXVI.
Declaration by Thurstin, Archbishop of York, re-
garding the consecration of the Bishop of St.
Andrews, A.D. 1128.
2 Concil. 215 ; 2 Wharton, A.S. 237, from MS. Cotton, Titus A. xix.
i
THURSTINUS Archiepiscopus Dei gratia Eboracensis
Universis Sanctae Ecclesiae filiis, salutem.
Notum sit omnibus tarn praesentibus quam futuris
absolute me consecrasse sine professione et obedientia,
pro Dei amore, et Regis Scotiae venerabilis David,
Robertum Sancti Andreae Episcopum, salva querela
Eboracensis Ecclesiae et justitia Ecclesiae Sancti Andreae.
Et si Archiepiscopus Eboracensis de querela sua loqui
voluerit, Rex plenariam rectitudinem remota malevolentia
ei exequetur, ubi juste debebit.
Testibus Ranulfo Dunelmensi Episcopo, Johanne
Glascuensi Episcopo, Radulfo Orcadensi, Galfrido Ebora-
censis monasterii abbate, Herberto Rocosberiensi, Wai-
LXXV.— LXXVIII. 65
devo de Creilant, Adulfo priore, Nicolao Sconensi, Waltero
de Gant, Eustachio filio Johannis, Hugone decano et
toto Sancti Petri capitulo, Galfrido Murdac, Aschetin
de Bulmere ; et de Scotia, Almaro milite, Alden filio
Adhelwold, Ulchil filio Mernin, Ulchil filio Maldred,
Gille Colman, Slugedt, Roberto de Watervile, Rogero
Coyneres.
LXXVII.
Grant by King David to the Church of Dun-
fermline of the tithe of his house at Perth,
circa A.D. 1 128.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 17.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scotiae, Malbride Mac congi,
salutem.
Scias me concessisse ecclesiae Sanctae Trinitatis de
Dunfermelyn omnem decimam de domo mea de Perth
quae mihi pertinet.
Teste Uniet albo. Apud Scona.
LXXVIII.
Grant by King David to the Church of Dun-
fermline of a tithe of gold from Fife and
Fothris, circa A.D. 1128.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 28.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, omnibus hominibus suis, salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse ecclesiae Sanctae
Trinitatis de Dunfermelyn in elemosinam omnem decimam
de auro quod mihi eveniet de fif et de fothrif.
Testibus . , . Cancellario et Hugone de Moreuill et
Johanne Episcopo. Apud Elbotle.
66 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
LXXIX.
Grant by King David to the Church of Dun-
fermline of the Church of Inveresk, circa
A.D. 1128.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 30.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scotiae, omnibus fidelibus suis,
salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse in elemosinam ecclesiae Sanctae
Trinitatis de Dunfermelyn, ecclesiam de Infresc post
obitum Nicholai sacerdotis.
Teste, Johanne Episcopo. Apud Dunfermelyn.
LXXX.
Record of the Trial of a complaint by the Monks
of St. Serfs Island against Sir Robert
Burgonensis, circa A.D. 1128.
Registr. Prior. St. Andreae.
FORNAX et incendium totius iniquitatis, scilicet Robertus
Burgonensis miles, gravaminibus et injuriis praefatos viros
religiosos nequiter et calumpniose vexavit et fatigavit,
volens precise fervore suae rapacitatis et infrenatae
tyrannidis ab eis auferre quartam partem de Kyrkenes.
Consilio inito a fratribus juxta simplicitatem suam
accesserunt ad praesentiam regis David, supplicantes ei
ut justum judicium faceret inter eos et praefatum
Robertum. Tandem Rex misericordia motus misit
nuncios suos per provinciam de Fyf et Fothrithi et con-
vocavit hominum multitudinem in unum locum, scilicet,
LXXIX.— LXXXI. 67
Constantinum, comitem de Fyf, virum discretum et
facundum, cum satrapys et satellitibus et exercitu de Fyf,
et Macbeath thaynetum de Falleland, et primicerios et
duces et lumnarcas exercitus Episcopi, et Soen, ducem
cum familia sua. Et tune temporis fuerunt
duces exercitus episcopi Budadh et Slogadadh. Et hi
omnes sunt testes hujus altercationis et dissentionis.
Tandem fuit compromissum in tres viros legales et
idoneos, scilicet, Constantinum, comitem de Fyf, magnum
judicem in Scotia, et Dufgal filium Mocche, qui fuit
senex Justus et venerabilis, et Meldoinneth filium
Machedath, judicem bonum et discretum.
Sed iste Dufgal primo pronunciavit sententiam pro
monachis id est Keledeis et contra protervitatem et
calumpniam Roberti Burgonensis, quia alii judices
detulerunt Dufgal propter sui senectutem et juris peri-
tiam. Et ita fuit decisum istud negotium sententionaliter
et per juramentum.
Isti sunt clerici qui juraverunt super finibus villae de
Kyrkenes, Duftah sacerdos et abbas et Sarran, films
Sodelne, et Eugenius monachus et Douinalde nepos Leod,
et Morrehat vir venerandae senectutis et hiberniensis, et
Cathan senex. Et sic victus fuit praedictus Robertus
coram omnibus.
LXXXI.
Grant by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, to the
Canons of Holyrood of the Church of the vill
of Leuing, circa A.D. 1128.
Holyrood Charters, No. 10.
R. DEI gratia Sancti Andreae humilis minister, omnibus
sanctae matris ecclesiae filiis salutem et benedictionem.
68 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Innotescat tarn praesentibus quam futuris nos concessisse
et dedisse ecclesiam de villa Leuing sicut ipse con-
cessit abbati et canonicis de Sancta Cruce, salva reverentia
ecclesiae Sancti Andreae et episcopali dignitate cum
omnibus rebus eidem ecclesiae juste pertinentibus.
His praesentibus testibus T. Archid., A. decano, M.
Thoma, W. Capellano, Magistro H, R. de Boilestunea.
Valete.
LXXXII.
Confirmation by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
of the right of the Abbey of Kelso to the
Church of St. Mary in Kelso, circa A.D. 1128.
Liber de Calchou, No. 443.
ROBERTUS Dei gratia Ecclesiae Sancti Andreae episcopus
omnibus sanctae matris ecclesiae fidelibus, salutem.
Sciant omnes sanctae ecclesiae filii praesentes et futuri
quod pro amore Dei et honore et petitione David
illustris Scottorum Regis, concessi solutam et quietam et
omni subjectione et exactione liberam, ecclesiam Sanctae
Mariae de Calceho quam idem Rex David in abbaciam
pro Dei amore aedificavit ita scilicet ut Abbas et monachi
ejusdem ecclesiae a quocunque episcopo voluerint in
Scotia vel in Cumbria crisma suum et oleum et ordina-
tionem ipsius abbatis et monachorum et cetera sanctae
ecclesiae sacramenta accipiant.
Testibus eodem Regi ^David et filio suo Henrico,
Matildi Regina, Johanne Glasguensis episcopo, Ascelino
Archidiacono, Adelulfo Sancti Oswaldi priore, Nicholao
Sconensi priore, Willelmo Regis nepote, Hugone de
Moruilla, Roberto de Unfranvilla et aliis.
LXXXL— LXXXIV. 69
LXXXIII.
Charter by King David to the Church of St. John
in the Castle of Roxburgh, circa A.D. 1128.
Registr. Episcop. Glasguensis, No. 4.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, omnibus fidelibus
suis et universis sanctae matris ecclesiae filiis, salutem.
Sciant tarn posted quam praesentes me dedisse in
perpetuum et libere ecclesiae Sancti Johannis de castro
de Rokesburge, unam carrucatam terrae de dominico meo
de Rokesburge, et unum plenarium toftum cum omnibus
pertinentiis, et unam maisuram terrae infra castrum, et
totam oblationem illorum qui manent vel residentes
sunt in castro, et [quartam] partem oblationis meae
quando fuero in castro vel familia mea fuerit unus de
capellanis meis habebit, et totam decimam virgulti mei
et totam decimam partem de sepo occisionis meae quae
fit in Teuiethesdale. Et haec omnia concede praedictae
ecclesiae et hac mea carta confirmo ita libere, quiete et
honorifice, sicut aliqua elemosina potest melius et liberius
et honorificentius dari aut concedi alicui ecclesiae.
Testibus Johanne Episcopo et Henrico filio meo,
Willelmo filio Dunecani, Waldef filio Reginae, Roberto
Corbet et Cospatricio Vicecomite, Edwardo et Ricardo
capellanis, Hugone Brittone, Berengario Engaine, Ascelino
Archidiacono, Aldredo decano, Hugone de Moreuille.
Apud Rokesburge.
LXXXIV.
Charter by King David to the Abbot and Monks of
Dunfermline, granting freedom from secular
service, circa A.D. 1130.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 31.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, omnibus probis
hominibus suis, salutem.
70 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Deo et ecclesiae
Sanctae Trinitatis de Dunfermelyn et abbati et monachis
ibidem Deo servientibus, pro anima patris mei et matris
meae et pro animabus omnium antecessorum meorum et
successorum, ut homines sui sint liberi ab omni operatione
castellorum et pontium et omnium aliorum operum. Quare
volo et precipio quatenus haec libertas eis in perpetuum
conservetur inconcussa.
Testibus Johanne Episcopo et Gillemichel comite
et Roberto de Brus et Hugone de Moreuille. Apud
Strathyrewen in Galwegia.
LXXXV.
Mandate by King David to preserve the rights
of the Church of Dunfermline, circa A.D. 1130.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 18.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scotiae, Constantino et
omnibus pertinentibus ad ecclesiam Sanctae Trinitatis
hominibus, salutem.
Praecipio quatenus omnes consuetudines quas juste
eidem ecclesiae debetis sine contradictione reddatis et
operi insistite quod ibi inceptum est sine aliqua
dilatione. Quod si contempnitis facere, praecipio meo
praeposito Suuene ne hoc patiatur et ut sit priori in
adjutorium ut ecclesia ab eis habeat sicut a meis
hominibus habeo.
^Teste Edwardo capellano. Apud Strathirewin in
Galwegia.
LXXXIV.— LXXXVII. 7 1
LXXXVI.
Grant by King David to the Abbot of Dunferm-
line of the tithe of the King's rent from Stirling,
circa A.D. 1 130.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 8.
DAVID Rex Scottorum vicecomiti et praepositis de
Striuelin, salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse Deo et abbati de Dunfermelyn
decimam denariorum de censu meo de Striuelin. Quare
volo et firmiter praecipio ut sine omni disturbatione
faciatis ei earn habere sicut denarii venient.
Testibus Roberto de Bruus, et Hugone de Moreville.
Apud Striuelin.
LXXXVII.
Mandate by King David in favour of the Abbot
and Monks of Dunfermline regarding ships
trading at Inveresk, circa A.D. 1130.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 13.
DAVID Rex Scottorum omnibus probis hominibus totius
terrae suae, salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Deo et ecclesiae S.
Trinitatis de Dunfermelyn et abbati et monachis ibidem
Deo servientibus ut habeant omnes rectitudines de omni-
bus navibus quae in portum de Inviresc applicuerint
et ibi super terram suam retinacula sua fixerint, excepto
theloneo meo si ibi mercatores navium merces suas
vendiderint, vel alias ad deferendum secum in terra mea
mercati fuerint.
72 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Testibus Hugone de Moreuille, Willelmo de Sumer-
uille, Herberto Camerario, Thoro filio Swani. Apud
Perth.
LXXXVIII.
Grant by King David exempting a ship of the
Abbot of Dunfermline from the King's dues,
circa A.D. 1130.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 14.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum omnibus probis
hominibus suis, salutem.
Sciatis me clamasse navem abbatis de Dunfermelyn
et omnia infra earn existentia quieta de omni consue-
tudine mihi pertinenti.
Teste, Johanne episcopo. Apud Perth.
LXXXIX.
Confirmation by King David of the rights of the
Priory of Durham in the Church of Colding-
ham, circa A.D. 1130.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum omnibus Sanctae
Ecclesiae fidelibus praesentibus et futuris, salutem.
Notum sit vobis omnibus quod Robertus Episcopus
Sancti Andreae in presentia mea apud Rokesburg convo-
cavit Alg. priorem Dun elm et Rog. subpriorem ante
hostium ecclesiae Sancti Johannis Evangelistae dicens et
contestans se nullam consuetudinem nihil juris clamare
LXXXVIL— XC. 73
super ecclesiam de Coldingham sed velle et concedere
ut ipsa ecclesia libera et quieta esset ab omni consuetudine
et servitio salva episcopal! obedientia. Volo itaque et
firmiter praecipio ut ipsa mea elemosina scilicet ecclesia
de Coldingham libera et quieta ab omni consuetudine
et servitio et exactione in perpetuum remaneat monachis
Sancti Cuthberti.
Testibus his Jo[hanni Episco]po, Roberto de Brus,
Hereberto Cancellario, Ascelino Archidiacono, Hugone
de Morevilla, Pagano de Braiosa, Hugone Brett, Bernegario
Ingania, Aimaro et aliis multis.
XC.
Confirmation by King David of the boundary between
Coldingham and Bonkyl, circa A.D. 1130.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
DAVID Rex Scottorum episcopis abbatibus comitibus
baronibus justiciis vicecomitibus et omnibus probis
hominibus suis Scottis et Anglicis totius terrae suae,
salutem.
Sciant praesentes et futuri me concessisse et hac mea
carta confirmasse divisas inter Coldingham et Bonekil
quas ego cum probis hominibus meis perambulari feci
in perpetuum tenendas libere et quiete et plenarie,
scilicet a Midlesdeneheued per Mereburnesheued versus
occidentem usque ad Crachoctre et inde per eandem
stratam usque ad Eiford.
Testibus his Johanne Glascuensi Episcopo, Herberto
Cancellario, R. de Brus, Pagano de Brausa, Hugone de
Morevilla, Berengario Engain. Apud Rokesburc.
74 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
XCI.
Charter by King David to the Church of Dun-
fermline of a ploughgate in Craigmillar reserv-
ing the liferent of the wife of Roger Cass,
circa A.D. 1130.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 12.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, baronibus, vicecomitibus, minis-
tris et omnibus fidelibus suis totius Laudonie, salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse ecclesiae Sanctae Trinitatis de
Dunfermelyn, in perpetuam elemosinam unam carrucatam
terrae arabilis in Cragmilor et domos in quibus habit-
abat uxor Rogeri Cassi, et hoc do et concede, praedictae
ecclesiae, pro anima mea, et filii mei et antecessorum
meorum et successorum ad tenendam ita libere sicut
eadem ecclesia melius liberius tenet suas alias terras,
et quamdiu praedicta uxor vixerit teneat hanc terrain et
domos de eadem ecclesia si voluerit, si non, remaneat
praedicta terra omnino quieta ad opus praedictae ecclesiae.
Testibus Roberto episcopo Sancti Andreae Johanne
episcopo et cancellario, et Dunecano comite, Edwardo
constabulario. Apud Scon.
XCII.
Confirmation by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
of King David's grant to the Abbey of Holy-
rood, circa A.D. 1130.
Holyrood Charters, No. 2.
OMNIBUS filiis Sanctae Matris ecclesiae, Rodbertus Dei
gratia minister humilis ecclesiae Sancti Andreae, salutem
et episcopalem benedictionem.
XCL— XCIII. 75
Noscat vestra fraternitas, nos assensu totius capituli
nostri, concessisse et carta nostra confirmasse ea omnia
quae Rex David in elemosinam perpetuam dedit ecclesiae
Sanctae Crucis de Edenesburc scilicet ecclesiam de
Castello cum saletunia, et omnibus aliis ejus appenditiis,
et ecclesiam Sancti Cuthberti cum omnibus ad earn
pertinentibus, et ecclesiam de Crostorfin cum duabus
bovatis et sex acris terrae et ceteris rebus ad earn per-
tinentibus, et ecclesiam de Ereth cum suis appenditiis
et in eadem villa duas carrucatas terrae, et unam salinam
cum viginti septem acris terrae, et ecclesiam de villa
Leuingi cum dimidia carrucata terrae et omnibus aliis
quae ad earn pertinet, et ecclesiam de Hamere cum
omnibus appenditiis suis et Hameram et Fordam cum
rectis divisis eorum.
Broctunam cum rectis divisis suis et Inverlet et
Pendendreiam cum rectis divisis, et omnia quaecunque
carta regis testatur et sicut testatur, haec ut praedictum,
concessimus et concedendo confirmavimus, et omnia alia
quae praefata ecclesia in futurum juste adquirere poterit,
salva dignitate et auctoritate episcopali.
His testibus Toraldo archidiacono, Aiulfo decano,
Willelmo capellano episcopi, Gvalerenna capellano,
Nicholao clerico, Magistro Hereberto Scotto, Radulfo
nepote episcopi, Rogero milite nepote episcopi, Turstino
filio Leuingi.
XCIII.
Confirmation by King David of the rights of the
Abbot of Holyrood in Airth, circa A.D. 1130.
Holyrood Charters, No. 5.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Episcopo S. Andreae et vice-
comiti et omnibus probis hominibus suis totius Striuelin-
shire, salutem.
76 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Sciatis quod volo et firmiter praecipio quatenus Abbas
Sanctae Crucis de Edeneburg habeat omnes consuetudines
illas in Heret, videlicet in aquis et in aliis locis et omnes
rectitudines quae ad ecclesiam ejusdem villae pertinent
sicut melius habuit die ilia quam illud habui in meo
dominio.
Testibus Johanne Episcopo, Roberto de Burnouille
Rogero nepote Roberti Episcopi. Apud Striuelin.
XCIV.
Confirmation by King David to the church of
Dunfermline of the shire of Kirkcaldy,
circa A.D. 1 130.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 29.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, episcopis abbatibus,
comitibus vicecomitibus baronibus praepositis ministris
et omnibus probis hominibus totius terrae suae Francis,
Anglicis, Scottis, salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et redidisse Deo et ecclesiae Sanctae
Trinitatis de Dunfermelyn et Abbati et monachis ibidem
Deo servientibus, totam scyram de Kircaladin, quam
Constantinus comes ab eis vi tenuit, in perpetuam elemo-
sinam, cum omnibus libertatibus et dignitatibus cum
quibus pater meus et mater mea eandem terram pro
salute animarum suarum et predecessorum et successorum
suorum ecclesiae dederunt, videlicet in ecclesia et molendino
et in terris et aquis et pratis et pascuis in boscho et
piano et in omnibus ad earn pertinentibus. Quare prohibeo
ne alicui de heredibus Constantini earn calumpnianti, inde
respondeant sed quiete et pacifice praedictam terram in
perpetuum teneant.
Testibus, Roberto Episcopo S. Andreae, Johanne Epis-
copo Glascuensi, Cormacco Episcopo de Dunkeld, Madeth
XCIII.— XCVI. 77
Comite, Malis Comite, Head Comite, Hugone de Moreuille,
Herberto Cancellario, Roberto Corbet, Edwardo Con-
stabulario, Malotheni Vicecomite de Scona, Alwino mac
Archil. Apud Striueline.
XCV.
Notitia of a grant to the Church of Deer,
ante A.D. 1130.
Translated from the Gaelic in the Book of Deer.
GARTNAIT and the daughter of Gillemichel gave Ball
Domin in Pet Spuir to Christ and to Columcille and to
Drostan.
Witnesses, Gillecalline priest, and Feradach, son of
Maelbhricin, and Maelgirc, son of Tralin.
XCVI.
Mandate by King David that no one take any-
thing from the lands granted by him to the
church of Holy rood, circa A.D. 1130.
Holyrood Charters, No. 4.
DAVID Rex Scottorum omnibus probis hominibus suis
de Edenesburc Sira, salutem.
Prohibeo ne aliquis super terram aliquod accipiat
quam dedi in elemosinam ecclesiae Sanctae Crucis de
Edenesburc nisi per licentiam et concessum canoni-
corum ibidem Deo et Sanctae Crucis servientium. Scilicet
nee in herba nee in cespitibus sive in aliis rebus nisi
per concessum canonicorum praedictorum.
Teste Johanne episcopo. Apud Edenesburc.
78 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
XCVII.
Grant by Gartnait and Ete, A.D. 1131-1132.
Translated from the Gaelic in the Book of Deer.
GARTNAIT, son of Cainnech, and Ete daughter of Gille-
michel, gave Pet-mac- Cobrig for (the) consecration of a
Church to Christ and Peter (the) Apostle and to Colum-
cille and Drostan free from all exactions, with the gift
of them to Cormac, Bishop of Dunkeld, in the eighth
year of David's reign.
These are the witnesses Nectan, Bishop of Aberdeen,
and Leot, Abbot of Brechin, and Maledoun son of
Mac Bead, and Algune, son of Arcell, and Ruadri,
mormaer of Marr, and Matadin the Brehon, and Gille-
christ son of Cormac, and Mael-peter son of Domnall,
and Domongart Ferliginn of Turbruad, and Gillecolaim,
son of Muredach, and Dubni, son of Maelcolaim.
XCVIII.
Charter by King David to the Priory of the Holy
Trinity in London, circa A.D. 1132.
Regist. Prior. S. Trinitatis.
DAVID Rex Scottorum Gilberto Londonensi Episcopo
et omnibus fidelibus, salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse ecclesiam de Toteham canonicis
ecclesiae Sanctae Trinitatis Londonensis perpetuo jure in
elemosinam, pro salute animae meae et pro anima Matildae
Reginae sororis meae et Matildis Reginae uxoris meae, et
Simonis Comitis, et omnium antecessorum nostrorum, et
ut canonici beneficiant servire ecclesiae.
Testibus, Hereberto Cancellario, Walkelino Capellano,
Hugone de Morvilla, Roberto de Brus, Waltero a 'Espec.
XCVIL— C. 79
XCIX.
Charter by King David granting to the Monks of
St. Cuthbert the church of St. Mary at
Berwick, A.D. 1130-1133.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum omnibus episcopis suis
et comitibus et baronibus simulque omnibus probis
hominibus suis totius terrae suae, salutem.
Scitote me dedisse et concessisse Deo et Sancto
Cuthberto et monachis ejusdem Sancti, ecclesiam Sanctae
Mariae de Berwic cum terra et decimis et omnibus
rectitudinibus praedictae ecclesiae terra et aqua perti-
nentibus et hoc in excambio pro ecclesia de Melros et
pro rectitudinibus quas ibi habuerunt, ita libere et
quiete et honorifice sicut unquam liberius et quietius
et honorabilius tenuerunt ecclesiam et res suas de
Melros. Concedente et confirmante hoc Henrico filio meo.
Testibus Johanne episcopo et Herberto abbate de
Rochesburc et Willelmo nepote regis et Acelino archi-
diacono et Roberto de Umframvilla et Estmundo clerico
et Berenger Engaine, et Gualeram capellano et Roberto
Grimbal et Normanno vicecomite et Willelmo de Sumer-
villa et Roberto de Burnovilla. Apud Berewic.
C.
Charter by King David granting Swinton to his
knight Hernulf, circa A.D. 1135.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
DAVID Rex Scottorum et Henricus suus filius omnibus
vicecomitibus suis cunctisque baronibus Francis et Anglis,
salutem.
8o EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Sciatis quod dedi et concessi huic meo militi Hernulfo,
Swintun in feudam sibi et heredi suo cum omnibus homini-
bus suisque pecuniis.
Tenere bene et libere et honorifice sicut ullus ex
meis baronibus melius ac liberius tenet et quicquid ad
earn pertinens et easdem consuetudines per quas Liulfus
nlius Edulfi et Udardus filius suus tenuerunt, tenere de
Sancto Cuthberto et de me, XL. solidos reddente monachis
de Dunelmia sine omnibus aliis servitiis.
Testibus Willelmo filio Dunecan et Maduc consule et
comite Dunecan et Radulfo Nuuel et Marsel Marmiun et
Waltero filio Alani et Herberto Chamberlein et Adamo filio
Edwardi et Willelmo de Lindesi. Ad Hadintunea. Valete.
CI.
Charter by King David granting Swinton to his
knight Arnolf, circa A.D. 1135.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
DAVID Rex Scottorum comitibus baronibus vicecomitibus
ministris et omnibus fidelibus suis clericis et laicis totius
terrae suae, salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et dedisse Arnulfo isti meo militi
totam terram de Swinton cum pecunia et hominibus
et omnibus rebus juste ad eandem terram pertinentibus :
in feudo et in hereditate sibi et heredibus ita libere et
quiete et honorifice tenere et habere sicut Udardus vice-
comes earn tenuit liberius et quietius per illud servitium
inde faciendo monachis Dunhelmie quod ipse Udard eis
inde faciebat, praesentibus testibus Willelmo nepote Regis
et Madd. comite et Dunecano comite et Hugone de Mor-
villa et Waltero filio Alan. Apud Trauercoir.
a— cm. s i
en.
Pope Innocent II. to John, Bishop of Glasgow,
Nov. 29, 1131.
Dugdale Monasticon, vi., 1187, No. 50; Reg. Alb. Ebor., p. i,
fol. 52« ; 2 Concil., 26.
INNOCENTIUS Episcopus, servus servorum Dei, Venerabili
fratri Johanni Glesguensi episcopo salutem et apostolicam
benedictionem.
Praedecessor noster felicis memoriae Papa Paschalis,
salvo siquidem Eboracensis ecclesiae jure, tibi manum
consecrationis imposuit.
Postmodum vero successores ejus sanctae recordationis
Calixtus et Honorius Romani pontifices, tibi per scripta
apostolica mandaverunt quatenus venerabili fratri nostro
Turstino Archiepiscopo Eboracensi tanquam proprio
metropolitano obedientiam et reverentiam exhiberes :
quamvis autem, prout ipse asserit, ei obedire promiseris,
nondum tamen id effectu prosequente complesti.
Quocirca per praesentia tibi scripta praecipimus, ut
omni dilatione seu [tergiversatione] remota, praedicto fratri
nostro T. Archiepiscopo humiliter pareas : alioquin ei in
sua deesse justitia non poterimus.
Data Altisiodori tertio Cal. Decembris.
cm.
Charter by King David to the Abbey of Dun-
fermline of the tithe of his can from Fife,
Fothrif and Clackmannan, circa A.D. 1133.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 27.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Omnibus probis
hominibus totius terrae suae salutem.
F
82 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Deo et ecclesiae
Trinitatis de Dunfermelyn et abbati et fratribus ibidem
Deo servientibus omnem decimam totius mei can de
Fif et de Fothrif et de Clacmanan in farina et caseo et
praebenda et brasio in porcis et vaccis in perpetuam
elemosinam pro salute animae meae et omnium praede-
cessorum meorum et successorum meorum. Quare ministris
meis firmiter praecipio quatenus cum istud can receperint
eis rectam decimam sine omni molestia et vexatione
reddant et prohibeo super meam plenariam forisfacturam
ne aliquis eis inde quicquam subtrahere praesumat.
Testibus Roberto Episcopo Sancti Andreae, Johanne
Episcopo de Glascu, et Gillemichel comite de Fif, Hugone
de Moreuille, Roberto Corbeth, Herberto cancellario, et
Philippo camerario, Alwino filio Archil. Apud Dun-
fermelyn.
CIV.
Charter by King David granting Govan to the
church of Glasgow, circa A.D. 1134.
Registr. Epis. Glasguen., No. 6.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Omnibus sanctae
ecclesiae fidelibus salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse ecclesiae Sancti
Kentigerni de Glasgu et episcopatui ejusdem ecclesiae,
Guven cum suis divisis, solutam et quietam, perpetuo in
elemosinam possidendam, sicut aliqua elemosina liberius
et quietius potest et debetur dari.
Testibus Henrico filio Regis et concedente, Roberto
Episcopo Sancti Andreae, Gaufrido Abbate Dunfermelitano
Herberto Abbate de Rochesburc, Roberto de Brus, Roberto
de Unfrauilla, Hugone de Moruilla, Herberto cancellario,
Cospatric fratre Dalfin, Gilmichel, Uniet albo, Aluuino
Rennere.
CIII.— CVI. 83
cv.
Mandate by King David regarding the jurisdiction
of the court of the Abbey of Dunfermline,
circa A.D. 1 135.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 15.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Episcopo Sancti Andreae et
Comiti et Omnibus probis hominibus suis totius Fif
salutem.
Prohibeo quod homines abbatis de Dunfermelyn de
Nithbren alicui non respondeant de placitis et calumpniis
unde calumpniati fuerint, nisi in curia Sanctae Trinitatis
et Abbatis de Dunfermelyn et praecipio quod judex meus
illius provinciae cum hominibus qui illuc placitari venerint
intersit ut placita et justitiae juste tractentur.
Testibus Gregorio Episcopo Dunkeldensi Edwardo
constabulario. Apud Scona.
CVI.
Grant by King David of a fishing to the church
of Coldingham, circa A.D. 1135.
Ex Cartuar. parvo Eccles. Dunelm.
DAVID Rex Scottorum Episcopis abbatibus comitibus
justitiis baronibus vicecomitibus praepositis ministris et
omnibus probis hominibus totius terrae suae Francis et
Anglis salutem.
Sciant tarn posted quam praesentes me in perpetuam
elemosinam dedisse et concessisse Deo et ecclesiae Sanctae
Mariae de Coldingham illam piscaturam quam Swain
meus [presbyter] fecit et a saxis liberavit quando Fiswic
84 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
tenuit libere et quiete sine omni vexatione ad tenendam
de me et de heredibus meis sicut tenent alias elemosinas
ad eandem ecclesiam pertinentes melius et liberius. T.
CVII.
Notitia of a grant by Colbain, Mormaer of Buchan,
and Eva his wife and Donnachac Toisech,
exempting a church from secular burdens,
circa, A.D. 1135.
Translated from the Gaelic in the Book of Deer.
COLBAIN Mormaer of Buchan, and Eva, daughter of
Garnait, his wedded wife, and Donnachac, son of Sithig,
toisech of Clan Morguinn, dedicated all the offerings to
God and to Drostan and to Columcille and to Peter the
apostle, free from all the burthens, for a share of four
davochs of what would come on the chief residences of
Alban generally and on chief churches.
Testibus his, Brocein and Cormac Abbot of Turbruaid
and Morgann son of Donchad, and Gille-Petair son of
Donnchad, and Malaechin and the two sons of Matne and
(the) nobles of Buchan, all in witness hereof in Elan.
CVIII.
Charter by King David to the church of Dun-
fermlin of a fishing in the Tweed and of a
toft in Berwick, circa A.D. 1136.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 10.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Omnibus probis
hominibus suis salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et dedisse in elemosinam in
perpetuum ecclesiae Sanctae Trinitatis de Dunfermelyn
CVL— CIX. 85
tractum de Aldestelle et omne quod juste ei pertinet
et unum toftum in Berwich solum et quietum de
omnibus servitiis.
Testibus Henrico filio meo hoc idem concedente, et
Herberto cancellario, et Roberto de Unfravilla, et
Hugone Bret, Roberto Frebern, et Hidda, et Willelmo
de Lambertun. Apud Berwich.
CIX.
Charter by King David granting Perdeyc to the
church of Glasgow, circa A.D. 1136.
Registr. Episcop. Glasguensis, No. 3.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Baronibus ministris et omnibus
fidelibus suis clericis et laicis totius regni salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Deo et ecclesiae Sancti
Kentigerni de Glasgu terram illam in Perdeyc in per-
petuam elemosinam, pro anima mea et patris et matris
meae et fratrum et sororum mearum et salute Henrici
filii mei et omnium antecessorum et successorum meorum,
quam Ascelinus ejusdem ecclesiae archidiaconus de me
tenebat in nemore et piano, aquis et piscinis, pratis et
pascuis, et in omnibus aliis locis ; per rectas divisas sicut
Ailsi et Tocca eas tenebant die quo praedicta terra fuit
in meo dominio, ita quod archidiaconus faciat Deo et
Sancto Kentigerno de Glasgu, quam modo mihi facere
solebat, scilicet annuatim unam marcam argenti pro
omnibus servitiis et consuetudinibus quam diu vixerit.
Post decessum vero archidiaconi remaneat praedicta terra
ecclesiae deservienda, ita libera et soluta et quieta sicut
melius et liberius tenet suas alias terras et elemosinas . . .
eisdem libertatibus.
Praesentibus testibus Herberto Abbate de Rochesburc,
Willelmo cancellario, Willelmo filio Dunecan, Malis
Comite, Dunecano Comite, Fergus de Galweia, Aad
86 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
cum barba, Malduueni mac murdac, Malodeni de Scona,
Malodeni marescal, Radulfo filio Dunegal, Duunenald
fratre ejus, Uchtred filio Fergus, Hugone Britone, Her-
berto camerario, Gileberto fimboga, Gileberto de Striuelin,
Dufoter de Calateria. Apud Glasgu.
CX.
Charter by King David to the monks of Urquhart
in Moray of twenty shillings annually from
the rent of the burgh and fishings of Elgin,
circa A.D. 1 136.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 34.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus
baronibus vicecomitibus praepositis et omnibus probis
hominibus totius Muref et Scotiae salutem.
Sciatis me in perpetuum dedisse Deo et monachis de
Urchard ibi Deo famulantibus dum devote et religiose
se continuerint XX solidos, singulis annis ad vestimenta
eorum de firma burgi mei et aquarum de Elgin. Quare
praecipio quod praepositus ejusdem burgi eis illos denarios
sine omni disturbatione faciat habere.
Testibus Herberto camerario et Alwino filio Archil.
Apud Banef.
CXI.
Charter by King David granting a toft at Ednam
to the church of St. Cuthbert, at Coldingham,
circa A.D. 1 136.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Comitibus justiciariis baronibus vice-
comitibus praepositis ministris et omnibus probis hominibus
suis Francis et Anglicis totius terrae suae tarn futuris quam
praesentibus salutem.
CIX.— CXIII. 87
Sciatis me concessisse Deo et Sancto Cuthberto de
Dun I et monachis de Coldhinheham unum thoft cum
domibus in villa de Edenham quod Gillebertus presbyter de
Stitchel de me tenuit reddendo inde mihi unoquoque anno
ij solidos et per hoc servitium libere ab omni alio servitio.
Concedo etiam eis praedictam terram ita de me tenere
in feudo et in elemosinam. Praesentibus testibus, Hugone
de Moruille et Roberto filio Widone, et Sweing presbitero
de Fihswic. Apud Rochesburg.
CXII.
Confirmation by Earl Henry of the rights of the
monks of Daventry, circa A.D. 1136.
Regist. Prior. Daventre.
HENRICUS films Regis Scotiae, Omnibus baronibus suis et
amicis Francis et Anglis salutem. Sciatis me concessisse
monachis de Dauentre quicquid tenent de meo feudo in
terris et in decimis et in aliis rebus omnibus scilicet in
elemosina et Willelmo canonico concede tenere de feudo
meo sicut unquam melius et honorabilius tenuit quicquid
suae praebendae pertinet. Testibus R. de Brus et R. de
Umfranvile et Willelmo capellano. Apud Huntindon.
CXIII.
Charter by Earl Henry granting to the church of St.
Neots twenty shillings annually from his mill of
Huntingdon, and confirming his mother's grant
of the church of Enesburc, circa A.D. 1 136.
Registr. St. Neot.
H[ENRICUS] comes films Regis Scotiae, Omnibus hominibus
suis salutem. Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Deo et
ecclesiae Sancti Neoti et monachis qui Deo ibidem serviunt
88 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
ad sustentationem illorum XX. solidos singulis annis
habendos de molendino meo Hontondon in perpetuam
elemosinam et praeterea hac carta mea confirmavi illis pro
salute mea et antecessorum meorum heredumque meorum
ecclesiam de Enesburc cum omnibus pertinentiis ejusdem
ecclesiae in liberam et puram elemosinam habendam quam
mater mea eisdem monachis concesserat. Testibus his.
CXIV.
Confirmation by Earl Henry of a grant of forty
shillings from the rent of Huntingdon to the
monks of St. Andrew at Northampton,
circa A.D. 1136.
Regist. Prior. S. Andreae de Northampton.
HENRICUS comes filius Regis Scotiae, Roberto Folio
dapifero suo omnibusque probis hominibus suis de
Huntyngdon salutem. Mando vobis et praecipio quod
faciatis habere monachis Sancti Andreae de Northampton
XL. solidos de firma Huntyndon unoquoque anno ad
statutes terminos propter elemosinam matris meae quam
habuerunt in Bedeford et quam dedi jam Hugoni de Bror
donee excambium eiusdem elemosinae eis dedero ad
valentiam in convenienti loco. Testibus Herberto cam-
erario, Roberto de Nigell. Apud Chingor.
cxv.
Confirmation by Earl Henry of the rights of
the church of St. Andrew at Northampton,
circa A.D. 1136.
Regist. Prior. S. Andreae de Northampton.
HENRICUS filius Regis Scotiae omnibus suis hominibus
fidelibus et amicis totius Angliae salutem. Volo ut bene
CXIII.— CXVI. 89
sciatis omnes me concessisse monachis Sanctae Mariae de
Caritate apud Northampton in ecclesia Sancti Andreae
apostoli servientibus, omnia quaecunque tenebant sive de
me sive de meis hominibus et ut ea omnia quiete et hon-
orifice teneant. Et praecipio omnibus meis hominibus et
praecipue dapifero meo ut eos iuste manuteneatis. Et si
quis de meis hominibus eis injuriam facere praesumpserit
plenum rectum eis habere faciatis. Testibus Willelmo can-
cellario, Roberto Foliotte, Eustachio filio Johannis et
Roberto de Brus.
CXVI.
Charter by King David to the Church and
Bishop of Aberdeen, A.D. 1137.
Registr. Epis. Aberdon.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Omnibus probis homi-
nibus totius terrae suae clericis et laicis salutem.
Sciant praesentes et futuri me dedisse concessisse et hac
carta mea confirmasse Deo et Beatae Mariae et Beato
Machorio et Nectano Episcopo Abbirdonensi totam villam
de Veteri Abbirdon, dimidiam aquam de North, Sclaty,
Goul, Murcroft, Kynmondy, Malmeulach et ecclesiam de
Kyrkton, Schiram de Clat, Schiram de Tulinestyn,
Schiram de Rane, Schiram de Dauyot, cum pertinen-
tiis earundem et ecclesiis, decimam canum navium
quae veniunt apud Aberden, decimam annonae in eodem
loco, decimam meam de redditibus de Aberden, decimam
thanagiorum, reddituum et escaetarum me contingentium
infra vicecomitatus de Aberden et de Banff: Tenendas
et habendas dicto episcopo Nectano et ejus successori-
bus in puram et liberam elemosinam ita libere sicut
aliqua elemosina in regno meo tenetur.
Teste meipso apud Forfar, anno regni mei decimo
tertio, tricesimo die mensis Junii.
90 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CXVII.
Charter by Earl Gospatric of Ederham and Nesbit
to the monks of St. Cuthbert, ante A.D. 1138.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
OMNIBUS sanctae ecclesiae Dei filiis sublimioribus et
inferioribus ordinatis et laicis Gospatricus comes frater
Dolfini salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et dedisse Deo et Sancto Cuth-
berto et monachis ejus in elemosinam villam de Ederham
et ecclesiam ejusdem villae cum omnibus capellis suis
et aliam villam quae dicitur Nesebite liberas et quietas
in perpetuum possidendas cum omnibus quae ad easdem
villas pertinent in terris et aquis et pratis et pascuis pro
anima Malcolmi Regis et filiorum ejus regum ^Edgari,
Alexandri et pro Rege David et filio ejus Henrico et
pro me ipso et uxore mea et filiis meis et pro animabus
omnium parentum meorum et si aliquis huic elemosinae
meae vult contradicere inter eum et Deum sit.
Testibus Willelmo filio Duncani, Gospatrico filio ejus,
Vlkil filio Meld', Rand, de Lindesai, S. presbitero,
Johanne capellano, Gosp' filio Crin, et Aldan fratre
ejus, et Lamberton dapifero.
Valete. Quicunque huic abstulerit Dominus sibi et hanc
vitam et regnum coelorum auferat.
CXVIII.
Charter by King David granting the church of
Linlithgow to the church of St. Andrews,
circa A.D. 1 138.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus,
comitibus, baronibus et omnibus probis hominibus totius
regni sui salutem.
CXVII.— CXIX. 91
Sciant tarn futuri quam pracsentes me dedisse et con-
cessisse et hac mea carta confirmasse Deo et Sancto
Andreae apostolo perpetuo in elemosiriam, ecclesiam
de Linlidcu cum capellis et terris infra burgum et
extra burgum et cum omnibus aliis rectitudinibus eidem
ecclesiae pertinentibus ad luminare ipsius ecclesiae et
ad vestitum canonicorum ibidem Deo servientibus.
Volo itaque et firmiter praecipio ut canonici et
ecclesiae Sancti Andreae Deo servientes et servituri,
ita libere et quiete et honorifice hanc habeant ecclesiam
in elemosinam et possideant sicut aliqua ecclesia melius
et quietius et honorificentius habetur et possidetur in
toto regno meo pro salute mea et filii mei et pro animabus
antecessorum et successorum meorum.
Testibus Willelmo cancellario, Hugone de Moreuilla,
Herberto camerario. Apud Kynros.
CXIX.
Charter of Protection to Priory of Tinmouth,
A.D. 1138.
3 Dugdale Mon., 313. Ex Registro quodam S. Albani in Bibl.
Cottoniana, fol. 108.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus
vicecomitibus baronibus et omnibus probis hominibus suis
totius terrae suae Francis et Anglis et Scotis et Galwen-
sibus salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et dedisse ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae
et Sancti Oswini martyris de Tynmutha et fratribus ejusdem
loci et dominicis hominibus et rebus ad praedictam
ecclesiam pertinentibus et omnibus illis hominibus qui in
pace Sanctae Mariae et sancti ejusdem loci in die Sancti
Barnabae Apostoli in millesimo centesimo et trigesimo
octavo anno ab incarnatione Domini fuerunt, meam pacem
92 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
in perpetuum de me et omnibus hominibus meis pro anima
patris et matris meae et regis Alexandri fratris mei qui
pacem Dei et suam firmiter praedictae ecclesiae concessit
et pro anima Matildae reginae Angliae sororis meae et
animabus antecessorum et successorum meorum Henrico
filio meo hanc pacem annuente.
Ideo volo et firmiter praecipio ut hanc pacem firmiter
possideant et vos eandem eis teneatis, quamdiu ipsi nobis
et hominibus nostris pacem tenere voluerint et prohibeo
quod nullus eis aut hominibus vel rebus suis super nostram
firmam defensionem injuriam vel contumeliam aut vim
ullo modo facere praesumat. Et quicunque hanc pacem
tenere noluerit sicut ego concedo confirmante de me et
Henrico filio meo et nostra familiaritate et nostra amicitia
sit omnino alienatus.
Praesentibus testibus Gospatrico comite, Hugone de
Morevill, et Mansero Marmiun, et Roberto Foliot, et
Hugone de Auco, et Hugone Briton. Apud sedem de
Norham in Junio.
CXX.
Mandate by King David to the Sheriff of Rox-
burgh to hold the lands which Gospatric of
Dunbar gave to the monks of Durham,
A.D. 1139.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
. . . Scot. G. Ridell vie de Rokesburg salutem.
Praecipio . . . terra monachorum Dunelm. quam Gos-
patric de Dunbar dedit . . . decessu ponatur in respectum
donee in illam venero provinciam . . . de monachis nee
de Gospatrico aliquam operationem nee seruit . . .
monachi teneant illam terrain bene et in pace quiete
. . . et non permittas quod aliquis eis inde injuriam
. . . c meum dominium faceres t. Hug de . . .
CXIX.— CXXII. 93
CXXI.
Confirmation by King David of the grant by Gos-
patrick of Ederham and Nesbit to Colding-
ham, A.D. 1 139.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scotiae, Omnibus sanctae ecclesiae
fidelibus praesentibus et futuris salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse ecclesiae Sanctae
Mariae et Sancti Cuthberti de Coldingham et monachis
ibidem deservientibus Ederham et Nesebitam in per-
petuam elemosinam sicut Gospatricus frater Dolfini eas
tenuit die qua fuit vivus et mortuus cum suis rectis divisis
ita liberas et quietas sicut alias terras tenent quae ad
Coldingham pertinent et sicut carta eorum testatur in
ecclesiis et aquis et pratis et pascuis et molendinis et
omnibus aliis locis.
Praesentibus testibus Hereberto Abbate de Rochesb.,
Daniele priore de Geddewrda, Aschelino archidiacono de
Glasgu, Willelmo filio Dunecan, Dunecano Comite, Hugone
de Moreuill, Gervasio Ridell, Alano filio Waldeof et Gos-
patrico fratre suo, Willelmo de Sumervill, Willelmo de
Graham. Apud Rochesb. xvij Kl. Sep. anno MC.xxxix.
CXXII.
Charter by King David to the church of St.
Andrews of the church of St. Mary at Had-
dington, circa A.D. 1139.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus
comitibus justitiis baronibus vicecomitibus et omnibus
94 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
fidelibus sanctae Dei ecclesiae et omnibus probis homi-
nibus suis Francis et Anglicis tarn futuris quam praesenti-
bus totius terrae suae salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Deo et ecclesiae Sancti
Andreae de Chilrimunt ecclesiam Sanctae Mariae de
Hadintune in perpetuam elemosinam pro anima mea et
filii mei et pro animabus antecessorum et successorum
meorum cum capellis et terris et rectitudinibus et con-
suetudinibus tarn in decimis quam in aliis elemosinis
quae Deo et sanctae praedictae ecclesiae pertinent
videlicet de tota Hadintunschira ad tenendam ita
libere et quiete de omnibus rectitudinibus de me et
Theino et de omnibus aliis qui Hadintune tenuerint de
me et heredibus meis post me et heredibus eorum sicut
aliqua elemosina in tota terra mea melius et plenius et
liberius potest dari et teneri. Praesentibus Roberto
episcopo Sancti Andreae, Johanne episcopo de Glescu,
et Galfrido abbate Dunfermelyn, et Nicholao priore de Scon,
et Dionisio canonico de Scon, Willelmo Cumino can-
cellario, et Hugone de Moreuilla, et Willo. de Sumervilla.
Apud Hadintune.
CXXIII.
Charter by King David granting a mark of silver
annually to the monastery of Wetheral,
circa A.D. 1139.
Dugdale Monasticon, in., p. 584. (Ex autographo nuper in
Turri B. Mariae Eboraci.)
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Comitibus, justitiariis, baronibus, vice-
comitibus, ministris, omnibus probis hominibus suis totius
Cumberlandiae, Francis et Anglis et Cumbrensibus
salutem. Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse in elemosinam
Deo et Sanctae Mariae de Wederhal et monachis ibidem
Deo servientibus unam marcam argenti per annum de
CXXII.— CXXV. 95
redditu molendini mei de Scotebi. Volo itaque et fir-
miter ministris meis praecipio quatenus marcam istam,
dictis monachis sine disturbatione habere faciant ad ter-
minos de firma molendini statutes. Praecipio etiam ut
habeant decimam villae de Scotebi, sicut ab antiquo data
eis fuit, ita ne aliquis eis illam injuste detineat.
Testibus Eustachio filio Johannis, Hugone de Morevill,
Radulfo, . . . Herberto camerario, Jordano clerico. Apud
Carliolum.
CXXIV.
Charter by Earl Henry granting freedom from toll
to the monks of Wetheral, circa A.D. 1139.
Dugdale's Monasticon, ill., p. 584. (Ex autographo in
Turri B. Mariae Eboraci.)
HENRICUS comes, films regis Scotiae, Justitiae suae,
baronibus, vicecomitibus, ministris et omnibus probis
hominibus suis salutem. Sciatis me dedisse monachis de
Wederhal, suum tolneum de suis propriis rebus per totam
terram meam. Ouare prohibeo ut nullus vestrum illos
inde injuste disturbet, nee de suis propriis rebus tolneum
ab eis exigat
Testibus Gileberto de Umfravill et Willelmo de Herziz,
Apud Carl.
CXXV.
Charter by King David granting to the church of
St. Kentigern at Glasgow the tithe of his
can of beasts and pigs from Strathgryfe, Cun-
ingham, Kyle, and Carrick, circa A.D. 1139-1141.
Registr. Episcop. Glasguens., No. 9.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Baronibus ministris
et omnibus fidelibus suis totius regni sui tam Gawensibus
quam Anglicis et Scotis salutem.
96 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Deo et ecclesiae
Sancti Kentigerni de Glasgu in perpetuam elemosinam
totam decimam meam de meo chan, in animalibus et
porcis de Stratgriua et Cunegan et de Chul et de Karric
unoquoque anno nisi tune quum ego ipse illuc venero
perendinens et ibidem meum chan comedens.
Testibus Willelmo Cumin cancellario, Hugone de
Moreuilla, Fergus de Galweia, Hugone Britone, Waltero
filio Alani, Alwino Mac Archil, Radulfo filio Dunegal.
Dunenald fratre suo. Apud Cadihou.
CXXVL
Charter by King David to the church of
Glasgow of the eighth penny of his pleas in
Cumbria, circa A.D. 1139-1141.
Registr. Episc. Glasguen., No. 10.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Justitiae suae, vicecomi-
tibus baronibus et omnibus ministris suis totius Cumber-
landiae salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Deo et ecclesiae
Sancti Kentigerni de Glasgu, octavum denarium de
omnibus placitis meis per totam Cumbriam quae ibi
placitabantur aut in denariis aut pecunia. Volo itaque
et firmiter praecipio ut praedicta ecclesia hanc suam
partem ita libere et quiete et honorifice teneat in per-
petuum, sicut elemosina liberius et quietius potest dari
et teneri.
Testibus Willelmo Cumino, cancellario, Fergus de Gal-
weia, Hugone Britone, Waltero filio Alani, Radulfo filio
Dunegal, Duuenald fratre suo, Alwino Mac Archil. Apud
Cadihou.
CXXV.— CXXVIII. 97
CXXVII.
Mandate by King David to the Sheriff of Stirling
to give a saltpan to the Abbot of Dunfermlin
circa A.D. 1 140.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 9.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Gilleberto vicecomiti de Struelin
salutem.
Praecipio quod abbas de Dunfermelin habeat tmam sali-
nam cum meis salinis ita solam et quietam sicut meae
salinae sunt. Praecipio et quod homines sui ibi operantes
meam firmam pacem habeant.
Testibus Duncano Comite et Maddoc Comite, et Herberto
camerario. Apud Struelin.
CXXVIII.
Charter by King David granting Petheneach to
the church of Dunfermlin, circa A.D. 1140.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 22.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Episcopis comitibus baronibus vice-
comitibus ministris et omnibus fidelibus suis totius regni
Scotiae salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse ecclesiae Sanctae
Trinitatis de Dunfermelyn terram de Petheneach in per-
petuam elemosinam cum omnibus appendiciis et rectis
divisis suis et libertatibus ad eandem terram pertinentibus
in aquis et pratis et pascuis et in piano et nemore absque
omni venatu ita liberam et quietam tenere sicut melius
et liberius et honorificentius suas alias terras tenet et
habet et cum omnis illis libertatibus.
Prohibeo et quod nullus super meum forisfactum aliquod
namum in praedicta terra ullo modo capere praesumat pro
98 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
alterius extrinsecus forisfacto. Et homines et terra et
omnes res eorum juste meam pacem habeant.
Testibus Hugone de Moreuille, Gervasio Ridel, Edwardo
constabulario, Alwyn Mac Archil, et Malisio marescall.
Apud Dunfermelyn in Februar.
CXXIX.
Protection by Earl Henry of the possessions of the
monks of Durham, circa A.D. 1140.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
HENRICUS Comes filius Regis Scotiae, Justitiis baronibus
vicecomitibus praepositis ministris et omnibus probis homi-
nibus suis totius comitatus sui Norhumberlandiae Francis
et Anglicis salutem.
Sciatis quod terrae et possessiones monachorum Dunel-
mie sunt in mea pace et in custodia mea propterea mando
et praecipio firmiter omnibus officialibus meis quatenus
manuteneant homines eorum et res suas et prohibeo ne
quis eis injuste forisfaciat super meum plenarium foris-
factum.
Testibus Engelramo cancellario et Gilleberto de Unfran-
uill. Apud Novum Castellum.
CXXX.
Mandate by Earl Henry to Earl Gospatric to
respect the rights of the monks to the lands
of Ederham and Nesbit, circa A.D. 1141.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
HENRICUS filius regis Scotiae, Gospatrico comiti salutem.
CXXVIIL— CXXXI. 99
Mando et firmiter praecipio quatcnus permittas terram de
elemosina patris tui videlicet de Hederham et Nesebitam
ita esse liberam et quietam et in bene et in pace sicuti in
anno praeterito coram patre meo et Roberto de Brus et
aliis suis baronibus proloqutum et finitum fuit, donee rex
pater meus reveniat et reddere facias boves eorum cito per
plegios.
Testibus Roberto de Unfranvilla et Ada vicecomite.
CXXXI.
Charter by Earl Henry granting to the monks of
St. Cuthbert a fishing in the Tyne and a
ploughgate of land, circa A.D. 1141.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
HENRICUS films Regis Scotiae, Justitiis vicecomitibus
baronibus et omnibus hominibus suis de Norhumberland
Francis et Anglis salutem.
Sciatis me rogatu Nikole dedisse et concessisse Deo
et Sancto Cuthberto et monachis ejus in elemosinam
unam piscariam in Tine scilicet Bradjere quam idem
Nikole tenuit de me cum Croc quae ad earn pertinet
liberam et quietam ab omni servitio. Praeterea dedi eis
et concessi illam carrucatam terrae in Cranlintune quae
idem Nikole eis dedit cum tribus toftis et insuper XXX
acras de Mora quindecim ex una parte villae et XV ex
alia cum pratis quantum ad ipsam totam terram pertinet
et unumquoque croft de prato separatim quod circuit una
fossa antiquiter facta. Et volo et praecipio ut Sanctus
Cuthbertus et monachi ejus haec omnia quae pro salute
mea et patris mei concessi in terris et aquis et pratis
et pascuis et omnibus rebus ad ea pertinentibus libere
et quiete in perpetuum teneant et possidearit.
ioo EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Testibus Rann' archidiacono, Jordano capellano, Rod-
berto de Unfranivilla, Gileberto de Unfranivilla, Hereberto
camerario, Willelmo de Sumerivilla, Ada' vicecomite.
CXXXII.
Mandate by King David to Reinwald Earl of
Orkney, to protect the monks of Durnach in
Caithness, A.D. 1140-1145.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 23.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Reinwaldo comiti de Orchadia et
comiti et omnibus probis hominibus Cateneis et Orchadiae
salutem.
Mando vobis et praecipio quod sicut me diligitis
monachos et homines eorum et res habitantes ad Durnach
in Cateneis diligatis et ubicunque inter vos venerint
manuteneatis, non permittendo quod aliquis eis injuriam
vel contumeliam faciat nee fieri permittat.
Testibus . . . cancellario et Herberto camerario. Apud
Abernithi.
CXXXIII.
Confirmation by Earl Henry of the grant of Eder-
ham and Nesbit by Gospatrick to the monks
of St. Cuthbert at Coldingham, circa A.D. 1141.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
HENRICUS Dei gratia Comes filius David regis Scottorum,
Omnibus sanctae ecclesiae fidelibus praesentibus et futuris
salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse ecclesiae Sanctae
Mariae et Sancti Cuthberti de Coldingaham et monachis
ibidem deservientibus, Ederham et Nesbitam, in perpetuam
CXXXI.— CXXXIV. ioi
elemosinam sicut Gospatricus frater Dolfini eas tenuit
die qua fuit vivus et mortuus cum suis rectis divisis ita
liberas et quietas sicut alias terras tenent quae ad
Coldingaham pertinent in ecclesiis et aquis et pratis.
Testibus Willelmo cancellario apud Dunelmum et Eus-
tachio filio Johannis et Walter de Bolebec et Rodbert
Foliot et Gilebert de Unfranvilla et aliis . . . pluribus et
Hugo le bret.
CXXXIV.
Charter by King David granting Clerchetune to
the church of St. Mary of Haddington,
circa A.D. 1141.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Episcopis -abbatibus
comitibus justitiis baronibus vicecomitibus praepositis
ministris et omnibus fidelibus suis Francis et Anglicis
clericis et laicis, tarn futuris quam praesentibus totius
terrae suae salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Deo et ecclesiae
Sanctae Mariae de Hadintune, Clerchetune in perpetuam
elemosinam cum suis rectis divisis ex utraque parte
aquae, sicut Willelmus de Graham et Durandus vicecomes
et Ricardus et Osbertus prior de Edeneb. et Malbet de
Libertune et Gillandris films Oggu et Gille. films Mercheh,
et Ulfchil films Merewin et Sewale miles periverunt et
circuierunt postquam Toraldus archidiaconus mecum
finivit apud Pebbles et etiam sicut antea mensurata fuit.
Concede etiam praedictae ecclesiae unum plenarium
toftum juxta ecclesiam in villa de Hadintune et omnes
decimas et rectitudines ecclesiasticas de tota Hadintun-
shire tarn de molendinis quam de aliis rebus.
Volo itaque et firmiter praecipio quod praedicta ecclesia
teneat et habeat praenominatam terram Clerchetunte solam
102 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
et quietam de me et de Theino et de omnibus aliis qui
terram praedictam tenuerint de Hadintune de me et de
heredibus meis et] etiam de heredibus eorum et etiam
omnes alias rectitudines et consuetudines. In decimis
et elemosinis ita libere et honorifice et quiete et plenarie
sicut aliqua elemosina in tota terra mea melius et plenius
et honorificentius et quietius potest dari et concedi. Has
autem omnes praenominatas elemosinas do et carta mea
confirmo pro anima mea et patris matrisque meae et
animabus antecessorum et successorum meorum.
Annuente et concedente hoc Henrico filio meo et hoc
idem testante Roberto Episcopo Sci. Andreae, Johanne
Episcopo de Glescu, Gregorio Episcopo de Duncheldin,
Galfrido Abbate de Dunfermlin, Dionisio priore de Scone,
Rogero priore de Dunfermelin, Roberto de Sigillo et
Duncano Comite, Hug. de Moreuill, Malise Comite, Eward
cunestabl. et Leod de Brechin et Ranulfo de Sules et
Rogero nepote episcopi Rodberti Sancti Andreae. Apud
Pert XVIII Kalen. Julii.
CXXXV.
Charter by Earl Henry granting Clerchetune to
the church of St. Mary 'of Haddington,
circa A.D. 1141.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
HENRICUS Comes nlius Regis Scottorum, Episcopis
abbatibus justitiis baronibus vicecomitibus ministris et
omnibus fidelibus suis Francis et Anglicis clericis et
laicis tarn futuris quam praesentibus totius terrae suae
salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse Deo et ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae
de Hadintune, Clerchetune in perpetuam elemosinam cum
suis rectis divisis ex utraque parte aquae sicut Willelmus
CXXXIV.— CXXXVI. 103
de Graham et Durandus vicecomes et Richardus clericus
et Osbertus prior de Edeneburc et Malbeth de Libertona,
et Gillandres films Oggu periverunt et circuierunt post-
quam Thorandus archdiaconus mecum finivit apud
Pebles et sicut antea mensurata fuit.
Concede etiam praedictae ecclesiae unum plenarium
toftum juxta ecclesiam in villa de Hadintona et omnes
decimas et rectitudines ecclesiasticas de tota Hadinton
scira tarn de molendinis quam de aliis rebus.
Volo itaque et firmiter praecipio quod praedicta ecclesia
teneat et habeat praenominatam terram Clerchetune solam
et quietam de me et de Thein et de omnibus aliis qui
terram praedictam de Hadintune de me et heredibus meis
et de heredibus eorum et omnes alias rectitudines et
consuetudines in decimis et elemosinis ita libere et honori-
fice et quiete et plenarie sicut aliqua elemosina in tota
terra melius et plenius et honorificentius et quietius potest
dari et concedi. Has autem praenominatas elemosinas do
et carta mea confirmo pro anima mea et patris matrisque
meae et animabus antecessorum et successorum meorum.
Testibus Engellramo cancellario nostro et Willelmo
Masculo et Edmundo filio Einier et Anselmo nepote
Johannis Episcopi. Apud Hadintonam.
CXXXVI.
Grant by King David to the Abbey of Tiron,
circa A.D. 1 141.
Cart, de Tiron, fol. 49.
D[AVID] Dei gratia, Rex Scotorum, Episcopis abbatibus et
omnibus praesentibus regni sui totius et portuum maris
salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Deo et ecclesiae
Sanctae Trinitatis de Tirone pro salute animae meae et
antecessorum meorum, unam navem, singulis annis, quietam
104 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
de Can, ubicumque venerit vel applicaverit in tota terra
mea et omnes homines ejusdem navis cum mercatis suis
sint quieti de Cano si voluerint piscari an non.
Volo itaque et firmiter praecipio quod praedicta navis et
homines qui in ea fuerint juste habeant meam firmam
pacem vendendi et emendi et mercata sua faciendi
ubicunque venerint vel applicaverint in tota terra mea,
et hoc petitione Johannis Glasguensis episcopi.
Testibus eodem et Roberto de Sigillo, Randulfo de
Sules, Alfwin filio Archillis, Roberto Burgunno, Roberto
Avenellensi, Edwardo, Roberto de Pert, Dunecano comite,
Rogerio nepote episcopi Sancti Andreae. Apud Cluni.
CXXXVII.
Grant by Earl Henry to the Abbey of Tiron,
circa A.D. 1 141.
Cart, de Tiron, fo. 48.
Hfenricus] filius regis Scotiae at comes Northumbriae,
Episcopis abbatibus comitibus justiciariis baronibus prae-
positis, ministris et omnibus fidelibus suis clericis et
laicis, Francis, et Anglicis et Scottis tarn futuris quam
praesentibus totius regni patris sui et portuum maris, et
omnibus probis hominibus totius comitatus Northumbriae
salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et confirmasse Deo et ecclesiae
Sanctae Trinitatis de Tyrone, pro salute animae meae et
antecessorum et successorum meorum, donum patris mei,
scilicet unam navem singulis annis quietam de Can,
ubicumque venerit vel applicaverit in tota terra
patris mei.
Volo itaque et firmiter praecipio quod praedicta navis et
homines qui in ea fuerint juste habeant meam firmam
pacem vendendi et emendi et mercata sua faciendi,
ubicumque venerint vel applicaverint in tota terra patris
CXXXVI.— CXXXVIII. 105
mei et omnes homines ejusdem navis cum mercatis suis
sint quieti ubique per terram patris mei de Cano, si
voluerint piscari an non. Hoc idem vero sciatis me dedisse
et concessisse illis ubicumque praedicta navis venerit vel
applicaverit in tota terra mea de Northumbria, et hoc
petitione Johannis Glasguensis episcopi.
Testibus eodem, Ada comitissa, Hugone de Moreville,
Roberto de Umfranvilla, et Gilleberto de Umfranvilla,
Gervasio Ridel, Guillelmo de Sumervilla, Normano vice-
comite, Hugone de Broi, Gullielmo Masculo, Engerano
clerico, Ricardo capellano. Apud Jeddewrde.
CXXXVIII.
Charter by King David to the monks of Shrews-
bury of their moiety of Bispham and their
other possessions within the Honor of Lan-
caster, circa A.D. 1141.
Register of Shrewsbury Abbey, No. 322.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Justitiariis baronibus vicecomi-
tibus et omnibus fidelibus suis totius Honoris Lancas-
triae salutem.
Sciatis quod volo et firmiter praecipio quod monachi
fratres nostri ecclesiae Sancti Petri de Salopesberia
teneant et habeant medietatem terrae Biscopham et omnes
alias elemosinas quas in honore Lancastriae habent ita
bene et plenarie sicut in tempore aliquorum antecessorum
meorum melius et plenius habuerunt et tenuerunt
Praecipio etiam si quid inde captum est quod cito eis
reddatur et omnes homines eorum in eadem terra manentes
juste habeant meam firmam pacem, ita quod aliquis eis
injuriam vel contumeliam non faciat.
Testibus Hugone de Morevill et Henrico filio Sweni.
Apud Chulch. . . .
106 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CXXXIX.
Charter by King David to the monks of Shrews-
bury of the church of Kirkham and land of
Bispham, circa A.D. 1141.
Register of Shrewsbury Abbey, No. 87.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Justitiariis baronibus vicecomi-
tibus et omnibus probis hominibus suis totius Honoris
Lancastriae salutem.
Praecipio quod abbas et monachi de Salop, teneant
et habeant ecclesiam de Chircheham cum omnibus
decimis et elemosinis ad illam juste pertinentibus et
terram de Biscopham ita bene et plenarie sicut melius
et plenius tenuerunt in tempore antecessorum meorum.
Praecipio etiam quod omnes homines eorum illuc in
negotiis eorum venientes et homines eorum qui in his
praenominatis terris manserint, juste meam firmam pacem
habeant et prohibeo super forisfactum ne aliquis eis
injuriam vel contumeliam faciat.
Testibus Jordano cancellario, Herberto camerario.
Apud Novum Castellum de Culchet.
CXL.
Confirmation by King David of the grant of
Wetheral to the church of St. Mary at York,
by Adam the son of Swain, circa A.D. 1141.
Dugdale's Monasticon, in., p. 595.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Baronibus, vicecomitibus, et
omnibus probis hominibus suis totius Cumberlandiae et
Westmorlandiae Francis et Anglis salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et carta mea confirmasse terram
CXXXIX.— CXLI. 107
et locum quern Adam films Suani donavit in perpetuam
elemosinam Deo et beatae Mariae de Eboraco, et
monachis fratribus nostris ejusdem loci et de Wederhal.
Et volo et firmiter praecipio quod fratres et ministri et
omnia sua sint in mea firma pace et manutentia qui in
praedicto loco et terra habitaverint. Et prohibeo super
meam plenariam defensionem quod nullus eis nee alicui
eorum quicquam forisfaciat nee facere permittat.
Testibus episcopo Johanne et Jordano cancellario et
Herberto camerario. Apud Karliolum.
CXLI.
Charter by King David to the Abbey of Melros,
circa A.D. 1143-1144.
Munimenta de Melros, No. I.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus
comitibus baronibus et probis hominibus suis et omni-
bus fidelibus suis totius regni sui Francis et Anglicis et
Scottis et Galwensibus salutem.
Sciatis me pro anima mea et animabus patris et matris
meae et fratris ^Edgari et aliorum fratrum et sororum
mearum et uxoris meae Matildis et etiam pro anima
Henrici filii mei et heredis et antecessorum et successorum
meorum concessisse et dedisse Deo et Sanctae Mariae de
Melros et monachis ibidem Deo servientibus de Rieuall,
annuente et concedente Henrico filio meo et herede et
per cartam suam confirmante, in perpetuam elemosinam.
Totam scilicet terram de Melros et totam terram de
Eldune et totam terram de Dernewic per terminos et
rectas divisas suas in bosco et piano et pratis et aquis
in pasturis et moris in viis et semitis et in omnibus
aliis rebus liberas et quietas et solutas ab omni terreno
servitio et exactione seculari perpetuo tenore possidere
io8 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
insuper autem sciatis me dedisse praedictis monachis et
hac mea carta confirmasse in terra mea et in forestis
meis scilicet de Seleschirche et de Trauequair omnia
aisiamenta sua pasturam scilicet ad averia sua et ligna
et materiem et pasnagium ubique ad suos proprios usus
sicut ego ipse melius habeo ad opus meum et nominatim
inter Galche et Leder. Praeterea in aquis de Thveda
infra terminos eorum piscaturam tarn ex mea parte
fluminis quam ex eorum parte ubique.
Praeter vero omnia supradicta dedi et confirmavi eis ad
incrementum Galtuneschalech et totam terram et boscum
de Galtunesside, sicut ego ipse et Henricus films meus
et Abbas Ricardus ejusdem ecclesiae perivimus et cir-
cuivimus die Veneris crastino ascensionis Domini anno
scilicet secundo quo Stephanus Rex Angliae captus est.
Testibus ad hoc praesens donum Johanne episcopo,
Willelmo nepote regis, Hugone de Moreuille, Willelmo
de Sumerville, Henrico filio Swain, Geruasio Ridel.
Volo itaque ut ipsi omnes has praedictas terras et res
suas ita libere et quiete teneant et possideant sicut aliqua
elemosina liberius et quietius, perpetuo tenore teneri
potest et possideri.
Testibus Henrico filio meo, Johanne episcopo, Wil-
lelmo nepote meo, Willelmo cancellario, Madd. comite,
Roberto de Humframville, Hugone de Moreuille, Waltero
filio Alani, Hugone Briton, Osberto de Ardene, Geruasio
Ridel, Willelmo de Sumerville, Ricardo Gernun, Ricardo
Anglico, Willelmo de Lindesai, Ascelino archidiacono,
Jordano clerico, Estmundo elemosinario.
Praeterea homines de eadem terra, Gospatrico comite,
Ulfchillo filio Ethelstan, Osolfo filio Huctredi, Maccus
filius Undwain, Huctredo filio Sioth, Huctredo filio Gos-
patric, Orm filio Eilas, Eilas filio Gospatric, Edulfo filio
Normanni, Osolfo filio Ediue, Osolfo filio Elfstan,
Roberto Brus meschin, Radulfo filio Turstain, Rogero
nepote episcopi. Apud Ercheldon in Junio.
CXLL— CXLII. 109
CXLII.
Charter by Earl Henry to the Abbey of Melros,
circa A.D. 1143-1144.
Munimenta de Melros, No. 2.
HENRICUS films David Regis Scottorum, Omnibus episcopis,
abbatibus comitibus proceribus et omnibus probis homini-
bus Francis et Anglicis totius regni Scotiae salutem.
Sciatis me pro anima mea et pro animabus patris et
matris meae et avunculi mei Edgari et uxoris meae Adae
et filiorum meorum et omnium antecessorum meorum et
successorum meorum dedisse et hac mea carta confir-
masse Deo et ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae de Melros et
monachis ibidem Deo servientibus de Rieualle et suis
successoribus in puram et perpetuam elemosinam totam
donationem regis David patris mei, scilicet totam terram
de Melros et totam terram de Eldun, et totam terram
de Dernewic per terminos et omnes rectas divisas suas
in bosco in pratis in aquis in pasturis et moris in viis et
semitis et in omnibus aliis rebus liberas quietas et solutas
ab omni terreno servitio et exactione seculari.
Insuper sciatis me dictis et suis successoribus et hac
mea carta confirmasse in terra mea et in forestis meis
scilicet de Seleschirche et de Treuequor omnia aisiamenta
sua pasturam scilicet ad averia sua et ligna et materiem
et pasnagium ubique ad suos proprios usus sicut ego ipse
melius habeo ad opus meum et nominatim inter Galue
et Ledir. Praeterea in aquis de Thweda infra terminos
eorum piscaturam tarn ex mea parte quam ex eorum
parte ubique. Praeterea vero omnia supradicta dedi et
confirmavi eis ad incrementum Galtuneschalech et terram
et boscum de Galtunesside sicut pater meus rex David
et ego et Ricardus Abbas ejusdem ecclesiae perivimus et
circuivimus die Veneris crastino ascensionis Domini anno
scilicet secundo quo Stephanus Rex Angliae captus est
no EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
His testibus ad praesens donum Johanne episcopo,
Willelmo nepote regis, Hugone de Moreuille, Waltero
filio Alani, Hugone Britone, Gervasio Ridel.
Volo itaque ut ipsi omnes has praedictas terras et res
suas ita libere et quiete et honorifice teneant et possideant
sicut aliqua elemosina liberius et quietius et honorifi-
centius teneri potest et possideri tenore perpetuo.
Testibus Johanne episcopo, etc.
CXLIII.
Charter by King David granting to the Abbey
of Dunfermlin the tithe of land in Atherai in
exchange for the tithe of land in Cambus-
kinel, circa A.D. 1142.
Registr. de Dunfermelyne, No. 7.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Vicecomiti et praepositis de
Striuelinis Scyra salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Deo et Sanctae
Trinitatis de Dunfermelyn et abbati et fratribus ejus-
dem loci decimam terrae Brixwald quam tenet in Atherai
in escambio decimae terrae illius quam canonici habent
in Cambuskinel.
Testibus Johanne episcopo et Duncano comite et
Roberto Burguillun. Apud Striuelin.
CXLIV.
Charter by King David to the Abbey of Newbattle,
A.D. 1140.
Regist. de Neubotle, No. 2.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Omnibus hominibus terrae suae
clericis et laicis salutem.
CXLII.— CXLV. in
Sciatis me dedisse et confirmasse ecclesiae de Neubotle,
et monachis ibidem Deo servientibus et Sanctae Mariae,
Neubotle per suas rectas divisas in omnibus in perpetuam
elemosinam, libere et quiete, sicut aliqua elemosina potest
teneri et concedi liberius, exceptis duabus carrucatis terrae
quas Roberto Ferrario pro suo servitio dedi, quare volo et
praecipio ut ipsi monachi sint in bene et mea firma pace
et heredum meorum et sint liberi et quieti et absoluti
ab omnibus exactionibus et consuetudinibus secularibus
per totum regnum in perpetuum. Annuente hoc et con-
cedente Henrico filio meo et confirmante.
Praesentibus testibus Johanne Episcopo de Glesgu,
Ricardo Abbate de Melros, Cospatrico et Duncano, comi-
tibus, Hugone de Moreville constabulario. Apud Edinb.
Kl. Novembris, anno incarnationis Domini millesimo
centesimo quadragesimo.
CXLV.
Charter by King David to the Abbey of Newbattle,
circa A.D. 1 142.
The original is in the Archives at Newbattle. Registr. de Neubotle,
No. 17.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus
baronibus justitiis vicecomitibus ministris et omnibus
probis hominibus totius regni sui clericis et laicis Francis
Anglicis et Scottis salutem.
Sciant tarn posted quam praesentes me dedisse et con-
cessisse Deo et Sanctae Mariae de Newbothle et
fratribus ibidem Deo servientibus Morthuweit in bosco
et in piano pratis pascuis et herbis per istas nomi-
natas divisas scilicet sicut Blancheburne descendit de
montibus et cadit in Gledehus et sicut Pardauarneburne
venit de montibus et cadit in Esch et sicut duo rivuli
descendunt de Muffo . . . retro Thocchesheued et cadunt
hinc et inde in Gledehus et Esch et hoc ita libere honorifice
H2 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
et quiete in perpetuam elemosiniam sicut aliqua elemosina
liberius et quietius datur et tenetur.
Praesentibus testibus Henrico comite filio meo, Johanne
episcopo, Dunecano comite, Hugone de Moreville,
Willelmo de Sumerevile, Willelmo de Lindesai, Waltero
de Ridale, Waltero de Lindesai, Randulfo de Sules,
Hyngelrom clerico. Apud Castellum^ puellarum.
CXLVI.
Charter by King David granting Newbattle,
Morthwait and Ruchalech to the Church of
St. Mary at Newbattle, and confirming a grant
by Robert Ferrers, circa A.D. 1142.
Reg. de Neubotle, No. 18.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus
baronibus justitiis vicecomitibus et omnibus probis
hominibus totius regni sui clericis et laicis Francis Anglicis
et Scottis salutem.
Sciant tarn posted quam praesentes me dedisse et con-
cessisse Deo et ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae de Neubotle et
fratribus ibidem Deo servituris Neubotle et Morthwait in
bosco et piano pratis pascuis et herbis per rectas divisas
sicut ego et Hugo de Moreville, Walterus de Rydale,
Ricardus de Castello, Petrus films Kercembaldi et alii
barones mei mecum peragavimus et praeter hoc Ruchalech
et terram quam Robertus Ferrarius eis dedit et concessit
et unam salinam in Blankelande et pasnagium per totum
forestum meum et materiem ad aedificia sua construenda
sicut ad opus meum dominicum et hoc ita libere honori-
fice et quiete in perpetuam elemosinam sicut aliqua
elemosina liberius et quietius datur et tenetur.
Praesentibus testibus Henrico comite filio meo, Oswaldo
Carliolensis episcopo, Hugone de Morville, Willelmo de
Sumerville. Apud Castrum puellarum.
CXLV.— CXLVIII. 113
CXLVII.
Confirmation by Earl Henry to the Abbey of
Newbattle, circa A.D. 1142.
Registr. de Neubotle, No. 19.
HENRICUS Comes filius Regis Scottorum, Episcopis abbati-
bus comitibus baronibus justitiis vicecomitibus et omnibus
probis hominibus totius regni patris sui clericis et laicis
Francis Anglicis et Scottis salutem.
Sciant tarn posteri quam praesentes me concessisse et
confirmasse Deo et ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae de Neubotle
et fratribus ibidem Deo servientibus Neubotle et Morth-
wayt in bosco et piano et pratis et pascuis et herbis per
illas divisas sicut pater meus cum baronibus in carta sua
nominatis peragravit et sicut ego ipse postea illas pera-
gravi et praeter hoc Ruchalec et terram quam Robertus
Ferrarius eis dedit et concessit et unam salinam in Blanke-
lande et pasnagium per totum forestum quiete et materiem
ad aedificia sua construenda sicut ad opus meum dominicum.
Volo itaque ut omnia haec praedicta teneant et habeant
in perpetuam elemosinam. Ita libere honorifice et quiete
sicut aliqua elemosina liberius et quietius datur et tenetur.
Praesentibus testibus Athelwaldo Carliolensis Episcopo,
Alwyno Abbate de Sancta Cruce, Willelmo Abbate de
Struelyn, Osberto priore de Jeddewurthe et multis aliis.
CXLVIII.
Charter by King David to the Abbey of Newbattle
of Ruchale, circa A.D. 1142.
Registr. de Neubotle, No. i.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus justitiis
baronibus vicecomitibus et omnibus fidelibus suis totius
regni sui salutem.
n4 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse in perpetuam elemosi-
nam Deo et Sanctae Mariae et monachis de Neubotle
Ruchale.
Testibus Alwino abbate de Edeneburgh, Gilberto
priore, Edwardo cancellario, Dunecano comite, Hugone
de Moreville, et Makbet de Libertona. Apud Edenb.
CXLIX.
Charter by King David granting a saltpan in
Kalentyr to the monks of Newbattle,
circa A.D. 1142.
Registr. de Neubotle, No. 162.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Omnibus probis hominibus totius
terrae suae salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse, Deo et fratribus de
Neubotle in perpetuam elemosinam unam salinariam in
Kalentyr ita liberam et quietam sicut aliqua elemosina
in terra mea datur liberius et conceditur.
Teste Comite Duncano.
CL.
Confirmation by Alwyn, Abbot of Holy rood, to the [
Abbey of Newbattle, circa A.D. 1142.
Registr. de Neubotle, No. 4.
FRATER Alwynus ecclesiae Sanctae Crucis de Edenburc
abbas ejusdem conventus, Omnibus sanctae matris ecclesiae
filiis tarn futuris quam praesentibus salutem et pacem bonam.
Sciatis nos concessisse et scripto nostro confirmasse
terram de Ruenhale liberam et quietam et in perpetuum
possidendam abbati et fratribus ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae
de Neubotle, propterea terram de Dalkied quam a rege
vicariam accepimus. Valete.
CXLVIII.— CLII. 115
CLI.
Grant of Pittendreich by Alwyn, Abbot of Holy-
rood, to Ralph, Abbot of Newbattle,
circa A.D. 1 142.
The original is in the Archives at Newbattle. Holyrood Charters,
No. 7 ; Registr. de Neubotle, No. 5.
EGO Abbas Alwinus de Sancta Cruce notifico regibus,
episcopis comitibus baronibus de Scotiae post me Ven-
turis me et capitulum nostrum Radulfo Abbati et conventui
de Newebothla concessisse, David rege hoc tractante et
proloquente, scilicet Pettenreiam villam nostram nunquam
proprius erga Newebothlam remoturam quam fuit illo die
quando conventus primum illuc advenit. Fundata enim
fuit ecclesia ilia a David rege anno ab incarnatione
die millesimo Cmo XLImo.
CLII.
Grant by Norman, the Sheriff of Berwick, to the
Abbey of Holyrood of the Chapel of Corstor-
phin, circa A.D. 1142.
Holyrood Charters, No. 8.
NORMANNUS vicecomes de Berewic, Omnibus hominibus
suis de Crostorfin salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et in perpetuam elemosinam
dedisse Sanctae Cruci de Edeneburg et abbati et fratribus
ibidem Deo servientibus capellam meam de Crostorfin cum
omnibus rectitudinibus capellae eidem pertinentibus.
Testibus Henrico Comite et Edwardo cancellario et
Turoldo archidiacono Lodoniae, et Ricardo clerico de
Edeneb. Apud Berewic.
n6 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CLIII.
King David's Great Charter to the Abbey of
Holy rood.
The original is in the possession of the City of Edinburgh.
Holyrood Charters, No. i.
IN nomine Domini nostri Jhesu Christi et in honore
Sanctae Crucis et Sanctae Mariae virginis Omniumque
Sanctorum, ego David Dei gratia Rex Scottorum regali
auctoritate assensu Henrici filii mei et episcoporum regni
mei comitum quoque baronum confirmatione et testimonio,
clero etiam acquiescente et populo, divino instinctu omnia
subscripta concedo ecclesiae Sanctae Crucis Edwines-
burgerisi et pace perpetua confirmo.
Haec itaque sunt quae ecclesiae praefatae et canonicis
regularibus in eadem Deo servientibus in liberam et per-
petuam elemosinam concedimus. Ecclesiam scilicet cas-
telli cum omnibus appendiciis et rectitudinibus suis et
examen duelli aquae et ferri calidi quantum ad ecclesia-
ticam dignitatem pertinet et cum salectuna per suas
rectas divisas et ecclesiam Sancti Cuthberti cum parochia
et omnibus rebus quae eidem ecclesiae pertinent et cum
Kyrchetune per rectas divisas suas et cum terra in qua
ipsa ecclesia sita est et cum alia terra quae sub castello
jacet videlicet a fonte qui oritur juxta angulum gardini
mei per viam qua itur ad ecclesiam Sancti Cuthberti et
ex alia parte sub castello usque quo pervenitur ad unam
craggam quae est sub eodem castello versus orientem
et cum duabus capellis quae ad eandem ecclesiam Sancti
Cuthberti pertinent scilicet Crorstorfin cum duabus bovatis
terrae et sex acris et ilia capella de Libertune cum duabus
bovatis terrae et cum omnibus decimis et rectitudinibus
tarn de vivis quam de mortuis de Legbernard quas
Macbetber eidem ecclesiae dedit et ego concessi et
CLIII. 117
ecclesiam de Hereth cum terra quae ad eandem ecclesiam
pertinet et cum tota terra quam ego ei augmentavi
et dedi sicut ministri mei et probi homines perambula-
verunt et tradiderunt Alwino Abbati cum una salina in
Hereth et XXVI acris terrae quam ecclesiam et terram
praenominatam volo ut canonici Sanctae Crucis teneant
et possideant in perpetuum libere et quiete et prohibeo
firmiter ne aliquis canonicos sive homines eorum qui in
eadem terra manent injuste gravent aut disturbent, neque
aliquas operationes sive auxilia sive consuetudines secu-
lares injuste ab eis exigant. Volo etiam ut idem canonici
habeant libertatem molendini faciendi in eadem terra
et ut habeant in Hereth omnes consuetudines illas et
rectitudines et aisiamenta videlicet in aquis et piscationibus
in pratis in pascuis et in omnibus aliis necessariis rebus
sicut melius habuerunt die ilia qua illam habui in meo
dominio et Broctunam cum suis rectis divisis et Inverlet
illam quae vicinior est portui cum suis rectis divisis et cum
ipso portu et cum medietate piscationis et cum decima
totius piscationis quae ad ecclesiam Sancti Cuthberti
pertinet et Petendreiam cum suis rectis divisis et Hamere
et Fordam cum suis rectis divisis et hospitale cum una
carrucata terrae et quadraginta solidos de meo burgo
de Ewinesburg singulis annis et redditum centum soli-
dorum singulis annis ad indumenta canonicorum de cano
meo de Pert et hoc de primis navibus quae negotiationis
causa veniunt ad Pert et si forte non venerint concedo
praefatae ecclesiae de meo redditu de Edwinesburg quadra-
ginta solidos et de Striueline viginti solidos et de Pert
quadraginta solidos et unum toftum in Striueline et
tractum unius retis ad piscandum et unum toftum in burgo
meo de Edwinesburg liberum et quietum ab omni con-
suetudine et exactione et unum toftum in Berewic et
tractum duorum retium in Scypwel et unum toftum in
Reinfry quinque particarum et tractum unius retis ad
salmones et ibi piscari ad allechtia libere et prohibeo ne
n8 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
aliquis inde a vobis sive ab hominibus vestris aliquas con-
suetudines exigat.
Concede etiam praefatis canonicis de camera mea singulis
annis decem libras ad luminaria ecclesiae et ad operationes
ejusdem ecclesiae et ad reparationem earundem opera-
tionum in perpetuum.
Praecipio etiam omnibus ministris meis et forestariis de
Striuelin-sire et de Clacmanant quod Abbas et conventus
habeant liberam potestatem in omnibus nemoribus meis
et forestis capiendi tantum de materia quantum eis
placuerint et voluerint ad aedificationem ecclesiae suae et
domorum suarum et ad quaelibet negotia sua facienda et
praecipio quod homines eorum qui ad eorum negotia in
eisdem nemoribus materiam capiunt meam firmam pacem
habeant et ita quod non permittatis quod in aliquo dis-
turbentur et porcos dominicos supradictae ecclesiae in
omnibus nemoribus meis concedo esse quietos de pad-
nagio.
Concedo etiam praefatis canonicis medietatem sepii
et uncti et coriorum de occisa de Edwinesburg et
decimam de omnibus cetis et marinis beluis quae mihi
eveniunt ab Avin usque ad Colbrandespade et decimam
omnium placitorum meorum et lucrorum ab Avin usque
ad Colbrandespade et medietatem meae decimae de meo
cano et de meis placitis et lucris fle Kentyr et de Errogeil
et omnes pelles arietinas et ovinas et agninas de castello
et de Linlitcu quae moriuntur de meo dominio et octo
cheldros de brasio et octo de farina et triginta carratas
de busche de Libertune et unum de meis molendinis de
Dene et decimam molendini de Libertune et de Dene et
novi molendini de Edwinesburg et Craggenemarf quantum
inde habeo in meo dominio et quantum Vineth Albus eis
de eodem Craggo in elemosinam dedit.
Concedo et eis herbergare quoddam burgum inter ean-
dem ecclesiam et meum burgum et concedo ut burgenses
eorum habeant communionem vendendi res suas venales et
CLIII.— CLIV. 119
emendi in foro meo libere et absque calumpnia et consue-
tudine sicut mei proprii burgenses et prohibeo ne aliquis in
burgo eorem panem vel cervisiam aut pannum aut aliquod
venale capiat per vim aut sine voluntate burgensium.
Concede et canonicos esse quietos de theloneo et de
omni consuetudine in omnibus burgis meis et per totam
terram meam scilicet de omnibus rebus quas ement et
vendent et prohibeo ne aliquis capiat pandum super terram
Sanctae Crucis nisi abbas ejusdem loci rectum et jus
facere recusaverit.
Volo autem ut omnia praedicta ita liberaliter et quiete
teneant sicut ego meas proprias terras possideo et volo
ut abbas curiam suam ita libere et plenarie et honorifice
habeat sicut episcopus Sancti Andreae et abbas de Dun-
fermelin et abbas de Kelcov curias suas habent.
Hiis testibus Rodberto Episcopo Sancti Andreae, Johanne
Episcopo Glasguensi, Henrico filio meo, Willelmo nepote
meo, Eadwardo cancellario, Hereberto camerario, Gille-
michael com., Gospatrico fratre Dolfini, Rodberto de
Monte Acuto, Rodberto de Burneuile, Petro de Brus,
Normanno vicecomite, Oggu, Leising. Gillise, Willo. de
Graham, Turstano de Crectune, Bleino archidiacono
Aelfrico capellano, Waleranno capellano.
CLIV.
Charter by King David to Edward, a monk of
Coldingham, of a tithe of fishings.
Small Chartulary of Durham.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Vicecomiti de Berwic praepositis et
omnibus probis hominibus suis vicecomitatus de Berwic
salutem.
Praecipio quod Edwardus monachus de Coldingham
habeat ita bene et in pace et plenarie totam decimam
120 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
piscium de his piscatoriis aquis de Halwarestelle et de
omnibus aliis juste pertinentibus ad ecclesiam Sancti
Cuthberti de halieland sicut melius et plenius habent.
Prohibeo etiam quod nullus inde quicquam injuste
retineat nee celet super Dei defensionem (et) meam
T. . . .
CLV.
Charter by King David granting Pittenweem and
Inverin to the monks of May, circa A.D. 1143.
Cartae Prior. Insulae de May, No. 4.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus vice-
comitibus ministris et probis hominibus totius terrae
suae salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et in perpetuam elemosinam
dedisse Deo et ecclesiae de Mai et fratribus ibidem Deo
servientibus tarn futuris quam praesentibus Petneweme et
Inuerrin quae fuit Averni per rectas divisas ita libere et
quiete ad tenendum de me sicut aliae ecclesiae elemosi-
narum mearum tenent melius et liberius.
Testibus Abbate Gaufrido de Dunfermelin et Comite
Dunecano et Hugone de Morevilla et Edwardo can-
cellario et Alfwino MacArchil et Macbet Mac Torfin.
Apud Edeneburgum.
CLVL
Charter by King David granting common rights
in the wood of Clackmannan to the priory of
May, circa A.D. 1143.
Cartae Prior. Insulae de May, No. 5.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Episcopis comitibus vicecomitibus
ministris et gilleserfis de Clamanec et omnibus probis
hominibus suis salutem.
CLIV.— CLVIII. 121
Sciatis me concessisse et dedisse Archardo priori et
fratribus de Mai in elemosinam communitatem nemoris
de Clacmanec quare defendo ne ullus eos aut eorum
homines in nemore disturbet.
Testibus Galfrido Abbate de Dunfermelin et Edwardo
cancellario et Herberto camerario. Apud Dunfermelin.
CLVII.
Charter by King David granting Crefbarrin to the
church of Dunfermline, circa A.D. 1143.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 5.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Omnibus hominibus suis salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse ecclesiae Sanctae Trini-
tatis de Dunfermlin in elemosinam Crefbarrin.
Testibus Johanne episcopo, Edwardo cancellario,
Hugone de Moreville. Apud Elbotle.
CLVIII.
" De muliere leuif et suos fugitives,"
circa A.D. 1143.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 20.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Omnibus probis hominibus totius
terrae suae salutem.
Mando vobis atque praecipio quatenus unuscunque H.
leuif poterit invenire aliquos suorum fugitivorum quatenus
ei juste reddantur et ne ullus ei juste detineat super
meam defensionem.
Testibus Hugone de Morville et Edwardo cancellario.
Apud Edinburg.
122 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CLIX.
Charter by King David granting to the Abbey of
Kelso a saltpan in Carsach, circa A.D. 1143.
Liber de Calchou, No. 375.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus
comitibus baronibus vicecomitibus justitiis praepositis
ministris et omnibus probis hominibus totius regni sui
Francis Anglicis et Scottis salutem.
Sciant tarn posted quam praesentes me dedisse et con-
cessisse ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae de Kelchov et abbatt
fratribusque ejusdem ecclesiae pro salute animae meae
in perpetuam elemosinam unam salinam in Carsach ita
liberam et quietam sicut aliquam elemosinam liberius et
quietius tenent et habent.
Testibus Roberto Sancti Andreae episcopo, Johanne
Glasguensi episcopo, Edwardo cancellario, Dunecano
comite, Hereberto camerario, Edwardo, Tor vicecomite,
Alwino Mac Archill, Ucteredo filio Fergus. Apud
Streuelyn.
CLX.
Charter by King David to the canons of Holyrood
of fifty-two acres of the land of Dalkeith,
circa A.D. 1 144.
Holyrood Charters, No. 6.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus justi-
tiis baronibus vicecomitibus et omnibus fidelibus suis
clericis et laicis tarn praesentibus quam futuris totius regni
sui salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse pro animabus ante-
cessorum et successorum meorum in perpetuum Deo et
Sanctae Cruci de Edeneburc et canonicis fratribus nostris
CLIX.— CLXI. 123
ejusdem loci videlicet LIJ acras de terrae de Dolchet inter
nemus et planam terram in escambio de Rhuchale quam
monachis de Neubotle in perpetuam elemosinam donavi.
Concede etiam praenominatis canonicis Sanctae Crucis
omnem decimam novi molendini de Dene et burgi mei de
Edeneb. et Libertone in perpetuam elemosinam.
Praesentibus testibus Johanne episcopo, Edwardo can-
cellario, Dunecano comite, Hugone de Moruille, Willelmo
de Lindesai, Waltero de Ridale, Thor de Treuernent,
Malbet de Libertone. Apud Castellum puellarum.
CLXI.
Charter by King David granting Rindalgros to
the Abbey of Reading, A.D. 1143-1147.
Cartae Prior. Insulae de May, No. i.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scotiae, Venerabilibus fratribus
et amicis E abbati et domino Briencio totique
conventui de Redingis salutem et dilectionem.
Animae meae meorumque saluti providens et vestris
necessitatibus caritatis intuitu subveniens, dono et concedo
Deo et ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae et conventui de Re-
dingis, Rindalgros per illas divisas per quas ego ipse
sed et Willelmus Giffard, Herbertus camerarius ceterique
homines mei perivimus ad vestrum opus. Hanc itaque
praedictam villam pro salute animae meae antecessorum
et successorum meorum vobis et successoribus vestris in
perpetuam elemosinam dono et concedo ita liberam et
quietam et ab omnium hominum calumpnia absolutam
in terris aquis et piscariis sicut aliqua abbatia in regno
meo donationes suas et possessiones liberius et quietius
tenet et habet.
Hac demum consideratione ut si ego vel heredes
mei praedictae donationi tantum divina inspiratione ad-
deremus unde conventus posset sustentari praedicto loco
i24 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
conventum destinetis qui de beneficiis illis necessaria
habeat Reliquum vero utilitati et dispositioni vestrae
concedimus.
Praesentibus testibus fratre Willelmo Giffardo, Gaufrido
abbate de Dunfermelin, Edwardo cancellario, Waltero
de Bydun, Nicolao clerico, Dunecano comite, Hugone
de Morevill, Herberto camerario, Waltero de Lindesai,
Leod de Brechin. Apud Dunfermelin.
CLXII.
Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, endow-
ing the Priory of St. Andrews, A.D. 1144.
Reg. Prior. S. Andreae.
ROBERTUS Dei gratia Scottorum episcopus, Omnibus
catholicae ecclesiae filiis tarn praesentibus quam futuris
salutem perpetuam ecclesiam beati Andreae apostoli cui
auctore Deo deservio, quum usque ad tempus nostrum
permodica fuerat Deo inspirante ampliare studuimus sed
quam non sufficit ad laudem nominis Domini lapidum
congeriem congregare nisi et procuremus vivos in Dei
aedifkium lapides adunare, canonicos ibidem ad Deo
deserviendum sub regulari canonicali beati patris Augus-
tini constituimus, quibus et filium nostrum fratrem Rober-
tum in partem laboris nostri assumentes, jure pariter
et nomine prioris prefecimus et ad victum et vestitum
eorum ceteraque necessaria de possessionibus et redditibus
nostris, consilio simul et concessione piisimi regis nostri
David necnon et filii ejus Henrici comitis et regis
designati. Nihilominus et episcoporum abbatum comitum
atque optimaturn et fidelium suorum consilio, portionem
quandam in perpetuum possidendam liberam et incon-
cussam indulsimus, quae autem donavimus et concessimus
subscribenda dignum duximus. Sunt autem haec: Barri-
CLXL— CLXII. 125
mund . Struuithin . Kinnines . Castdouenald . Drumckarach ..
Ledochin . Stradkines . Balhucea . Rodmanand . Pettultin .
Kinastare .Chinemonie . Drumsac . Balemacdunechin . Eglis-
namin . Ballothen . Sconin . molendinum de Kilremund .
molendinum de Puthachin.
Haec omnia cum omnibus pertinentibus et adjacentibus
et appendiciis suis. Et de firma regis de Perth I marcam
argenti singulis annis ad Pascha ad luminare ecclesiae
et unam aquam in Bereuiuich de dono regis. De VII vero
portionibus quae sunt altaris Sancti Andreae, ipsis canonicis
IJ portiones dedimus et concessimus quae pertinent duobus
personagiis quae ipsi habent et hospitali ejusdem villae
I portionem. Quod nimirum hospitale cum terris et posses-
sionibus et redditibus eidem pertinentibus eisdem con-
cessimus, in susceptionem hospitum et peregrinorum et
ad ipsum hospitale medietatem decimae carrucarum
nostrarum et vaccarum et berchiariarum et porchariarum
et equariarum de parochia S. Trinitatis, et medietatem
de nostro chan ejus parochiae et totam decimam de
nostro chan de Biadebolg et de aliis provinciis et locis
undecumque fuerit allatum vel adductum ad Sanctum
Andream. Molendinum et de Nidin eis dedimus, et omnes
libros nostros. Ista ergo et quaecunque postmodum prae-
dictae ecclesiae Beati Andreae et canonicis ibidem Deo
servientibus vel servituris collata fuerint, libera esse et quieta
ab omni exactione decrevimus. Hanc igitur donationem
et concessionem nostram, quicunque ipsi ecclesiae et
canonicis immunem et inconcussam conservare adjuverit,
partem et societatem cum Beato Andrea et coapostolis
ejus et cum fundatoribus et defensoribus sanctae Dei
ecclesiae et cum omnibus sanctis se praecepturum gaudeat.
Quicunque vero sive per fraudem sive per violentiam
earn infestare vel diminuere temptaverit nisi condigne
satisfecerit ante tribunal districti judicis cum raptoribus
et destructoribus ecclesiarum se reum et dampnabilem
fore doleat.
126 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Hanc ego Robertus episcopus donationis nostrae paginam
episcopal! auctoritate confirmo et ob memoriam et re-
verentiam dominicae crucis impressione consigno et sigilli
nostri testimonio confirmatione consigno. Anno Dominicae
incarnationis MC°XL.IIIJ. Ego Thoraldus Archidiaconus
subscribe et crucis signo confirmo.
CLXIII.
Charter by King David confirming the rights of
the Priory of St. Andrews, circa A.D. 1144.
Reg. Prior. S. Andreae.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus
comitibus baronibus ministris et omnibus fidelibus suis
salutem.
Ad hoc nos divina providentia in populo suo principes
esse voluit ut debeamus et velimus ipsi tanquam Domino
et Creatori omnium subesse et subditis nostris magis
prodesse quam praeesse mala penitus extirpare bonum
non solum ipsi facere verum etiam benefacientes adjuvare.
Proinde dilecti patris nostri in Christo venerabilis
Roberti episcopi Sancti Andreae studium et opus atten-
dentes in beati Andreae apostoli ecclesiae ampliare et
canonicorum constitutione simul et elemosinarum largi-
tione, tarn ego quam Henricus films et Deo donante heres
meus et Rex designatus, tarn utili et necessario incepto
congaudentes et de bonis initiis meliores expectantes
exitus quaecunque praefatus Dominus Robertus episcopus
eidem ecclesiae et canonicis ibidem Deo servientibus et
servituris dedit et per cartam confirmavit, nos illis con-
cedimus et confirmamus perpetuo possidendam ita libere
et quiete plenarie et honorifice sicut liberius et quietius
plenarius et honorificentius possidetur aliqua elemosina in
regno meo.
CLXIL— CLXIII. 127
Nomina autem eorum quae ab ipso illis donata sunt
subscribi dignum duximus Balrimund Struuichin Kinnis
Gastduvenold Drumkarach Ledochin Stratkines Balucca
Rodmanan Petultin Kinnastare Balgoua Kinnamone
Drumsac Balemacdunegin Eglesnamin Ballochen Sconin
cum omnibus pertinentibus et adjacentibus et appendiciis
suis, molendinum etiam de Kilrimund molendinum de
Niden molendinum de Pudechin.
De septem vero portionibus quae sunt altaris Sancti
Andreae apostoli, ipsis canonicis duas portiones confir-
mamus et hospitali ejusdem villae unam portionem. Ipsum
etiam hospitale ab episcopo eis datum et concessum in
susceptione hospitum et peregrinorum cum terris et
possessionibus et redditibus eidem pertinentibus, eisdem
canonicis concedimus et confirmamus et ipsi hospitali
medietatem de chan episcopi de parochia Sanctae Trinitatis
et totam decimam de chan episcopi de Bladebolg et de
aliis provinciis undecumque fuerit allatum vel adductum
ad Sanctum Andream et omnes libros praedicti episcopi.
Ex dono autem meo ecclesiam de Linlidcu cum capellis
et terris infra burgum et extra et cum omnibus rectitudini-
bus eidem ecclesiae pertinentibus et unam marcam de
firma mea de Perth singulis annis ad Pascha ad luminare
ecclesiae Sancti Andreae apostoli et unam aquam in Berwic
et tractum unius retis in aqua de Perte cum meis propriis
retibus.
Praedictis etiam canonicis curiam suam cum libertatibus
placitorum et querelarum concedimus sicut liberius et
plenarius alicui ecclesiae vel elemosinae in regno meo
concessimus, ecclesiam quoque de Foregrund cum omni-
bus eidem ecclesiae pertinentibus.
Praecipimus etiam ut nullus namum capiat in terris
suis pro alterius forisfacto vel pro debitis aliorum. Con-
cedimus etiam ut canonici sine omni disturbatione
habeant materiem in bosco meo de Clackmanan ad
aedificia sua. Praeter haec damus et concedimus ipsis
128 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
canonicis XL solidos de meo chan de navibus de Perth
singulis annis ad vestitum eorum.
Has vero donationes et concessiones domini Roberti
episcopi et nostras, ego David Dei gratia Rex regia
auctoritate confirmo et sigilli mei impressione consigno
ego Henricus comes films David Regis et Deo praestante
Rex designatus, ea quae subscripta sunt concede et sigillo
meo consigno. Ista vero et quaecunque praedictae ecclesiae
Beati Andreae apostoli et canonicis ibidem Deo servientibus
et servituris in posterum collata fuerint, libera esse et
quieta ab omni exactione decernimus.
Testibus Willelmo nepote regis, Comite Dunecano, Cos-
patrico filio Walleui, Roberto camerario, Willelmo de
Sumerville, Edwardo constabulario. Apud Kynros.
CLXIV.
Charter by Earl Henry confirming the rights of
the Priory of St. Andrews, circa A.D. 1144.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
HENRICUS Comes films David Regis Scottorum, Omni-
bus fidelibus et amicis suis salutem.
Sicut filiis nequam pessimorum patrum imitatoribus
peccata patrum et sua reddenda cognovimus ita justorum
filiis si justitias patrum sectati fuerint bona retribuenda
confidimus. Unde ego Henricus gloriosi et illustris Regis
David filius et Deo propitio heres et rex designatus,
amorem et sollicitudinem quam praedecessores mei circa
Dei ecclesias habuerunt quam et me pater meus rex
et docet et docuit, habere in animo meo statui. Concedo
igitur eccelsiae Beati Andreae et Roberto primo ejusdem
ecclesiae priori et canonicis ibidem Deo servientibus et
servituris, donationes quas venerabilis pater Robertus
episcopus consilio patris mei et assensu atque meo
CLXIIL— CLXV. 129
eisdem contulit sicut carta ipsius episcopi testatur,
donationes nihilominus patris mei ex propriis redditibus
sicut per cartam suam rex pater meus eisdem concessit;
et confirmavit in perpetuum possidendas.
Testibus Roberto episcopo ejusdem ecclesiae et Dune-
cano comite et Willelmo capellano et Herberto came-
rario et Alfwino filio Archilli, et Malothen le Mareschald.
Apud Chilrimund.
CLXV.
Bull of Pope Lucius II. in favour of the Priory
of St. Andrews, A.D. 1144.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
LUCIUS Episcopus servus servorum Dei, dilectis filiis
Roberto priori ecclesiae Sancti Andreae apostoli de Scotia
ejusque fratribus tarn praesentibus quam futuris regularem
vitam professis in perpetuum. Apostolici moderaminis
clementiae convenit religiosos diligere et eorum loca pia
protectione munire. Dignum namque et honestati con-
veniens esse cognoscitur ut qui ad ecclesiarum regimen
assumpti sumus, eas et a pravorum hominum nequitia
tueamur et apostolicae sedis patrocinio foveamus.
Eapropter, dilecti in Domino filii, vestris rationabilibus
postulationibus venerabilis fratris nostri Bernardi episcopi
Sancti David precibus inclinati clementer annuimus et prae-
fatam ecclesiam in qua divino mancipati estis obsequio sub
beati Petri et nostra protectione suscipimus et praesentis
scripti patrocinio communimus. In primis siquidem statu-
entes ut ordo canonicus secundum beati Augustini regulam
qui per te, dilecte in Domino fili Roberte, prior ejusdem
loci, episcopi consilio et auxilio, in eadem ecclesia consti-
tutus est, perpetuis temporibus inviolabiliter conservetur
praeterea quascunque possessiones quaecunque bona ex
dono aut concessione ejusdem loci episcopi vel aliorum
130 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Dei fidelium in praesentiarum juste et canonice possidetis
aut in futurum concessione pontificum, largitione regum
vel principum, oblatione fidelium seu aliis justis modis
Deo propitio poteritis adipisci, firma vobis vestrisque
successoribus et illibata permaneant
Decrevimus vero ut nulli omnino hominum liceat prae-
fatam ecclesiam temere perturbare aut ejus possessiones
seu bona vestra auferre, vel ablatas retinere, minuere aut
aliquibus vexationibus fatigare sed omnia integre conser-
ventur, eorum pro quorum gubernatione et sustentatione
concessa sunt usibus omnimodis profutura. Salva episcopi
nostri canonica justitia ac reverentia et apostolicae sedis
auctoritate. Si qua igitur in futurum ecclesiastica secu-
larisve persona hanc nostrae constitutionis paginam sciens
contra earn temere venire temptaverit secundo tertiove
commonita si non satisfactione congrua emendaverit
potestatis honorisque sui dignitate careat, reamque se
divino judicio existere de perpetrata iniquitate cognoscat
et a sacratissimo corpore ac sanguine Dei et Domini Re-
demptoris nostri Jesu Christi aliena fiat, atque in extreme
examine districtae ultioni subjaceat. Cunctis autem eidem
loco juste servantibus sit pax Domini nostri Jesu Christi
quatenus et hie fructum bonae actionis percipiant et
apud districtum judicem praemia aeternae pacis inveniant.
Amen, Amen, Amen.
Ostende nobis Domine misericordiam tuam.
Sanctus Petrus, Sanctus Paulus, Lucius Papa II.
Ego Lucius catholicae ecclesiae episcopus S.S.
Ego Conradus Sabinensis episcopus S.S.
Ego Theoduuninus Sanctae Rufinae epis. S.S.
Ego Albericus Ostiensis epis. S.S.
Ego lamarus Tusculanus epis. S.S.
Ego Petrus Albanensis epis. S.S.
Ego Gilbertus indignus sacerdos titulo S. Marci S.S.
Ego Rem. Presbyter Cardinalis titulo S. Stephani in
Celio Monte. S.S.
CLXV.— CLXVII. 131
Ego Guido Diaconus Cardinalis Sanctorum Cosme et
Damiani S.S.
Ego Gerardus Diaconus Cardinalis Sanctae Mariae in
Dominica S.S.
Dat. Lat. per manum Baronis capellani et scriptoris
ij idus Maii Indict. VIJ, incarnationis dominicae anno
M. C. XLIIIJ, pontificatus vero domini Lucii II. Papae anno
primo.
CLXVI.
Charter by King David to the monks of May
granting liberty to sell their fish.
Chartulary of the Abbey of Reading.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Justitiaris vicecomitibus praepositis
et omnibus probis hominibus totius terrae suae salutem.
Sciatis quod concessi monachis et suis hominibus liber-
tatem vendendi piscem suum in portu suo sicut in burgo.
Quare praecipio super meum forisfactum ne calumpnientur
de mercimoniis comparatis plusquam de [empticiis] in
meo [dominico] burgo.
Testibus Gaufrido abbate de Dunfermelin, Edwardo
cancellario et multis aliis.
CLXVII.
Charter by King David to the monks of May
granting to their ship freedom from toll.
Chartulary of the Abbey of Reading.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Omnibus probis hominibus terrae
suae salutem. Mando vobis atque praecipio quatenus
ubicunque navis fratrum de Mai applicuerit in terra mea
sit quieta de cano et tolneo et omni consuetudine ita ne
ullus eis aut rebus [eorum] forisfaciat.
Testibus Gaufrido abbate de Dunfermelin et Edwardo
cunestabulario. Apud Edeneburh.
1 32 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CLXVIII.
Charter by King David granting to the canons
of St. Andrews a fishing and a toft in Berwick,
and freedom from toll and liberty to buy corn
and flour.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Omnibus probis hominibus totius
terrae suae salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse ecclesiae Sancti
Andreae in Scotia et canonicis ibidem Deo servientibus
et servituris, unam aquam in Berewic et unam toftam
juxta ecclesiam ita liberam et quietam ab omni con-
suetudine et servitio seculari sicut liberius et quietius
elemosina potest dari et concedi.
Volo etiam et praecipio ut praedicti canonici et homines
sui sint quieti et liberi de tolneo in burgis meis et extra
per totum regnum meum et habeant licentiam emendi
cujusmodi voluerint bladum et farinam in mea firma pace
ad suos proprios usus et nullus super meam defensionem
eos inde disturbet.
Testibus Hugone de Moreuilla, Roberto de Sigillo
Randulfo de Sulis. Apud Rochesburg.
CLXIX.
Declaration by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
that he had founded the burgh and had
granted land to Mainardus, the Provost,
circa A.D. 1144.
Black Book of St. Andrews ; Act. Parl. Scot. I.
ROBERTUS Dei gratia Sancti Andreae humilis minister,
Universis fidelibus tarn futuris quam praesentibus salutem.
CLXVIIL— CLXX. 133
Innotescat dilectioni vestrae nos Deo auxiliante et
licentia regis nostri David, burgum apud Sanctum
Andream in Scotia statuisse et in ipso burgo hunc
Mainardum Flandren^em cum regis consensu et ejus
firma pace praefectum fecisse et huic praefato Mainardo
et heredibus suis in ipso burgo propter suum servitium
nobis et nostris fideliter exhibitum tres toftas scilicet a
vico burgendi usque ad rivum prioris libere et quiete ab
omni consuetudine pro sedecim numtnis scilicet uniquique
virgatae terrae quatuor denarios concedimus. Quia ipse
ex prioribus est qui burgum supradictum aedificare et in-
staurare incepit. Eapropter successoribus nostris humiliter
supplicamus quatenus ilium et heredes suos pro amore
Dei et Sancti Andreae et nostri diligant et manuteneant
et nullus ei et suis super excommunicatione Dei et Sancti
Andreae et nostri injuriam inferat et si quis ei quacunque
ex causa injuriam fecerit rex terrae ei propter Deum
rectum facere non diferrat quod si ipse non fecerit Rex
Regum Justus et aequus Judex in die magnae ultionis
ei rectum faciat.
Supradicta enim villa elemosina illius benedicti regis
est et ipse supradictus Mainardus ejus proprius burgensis
in Berrewyk fuit quern Sancto Andreae et nobis cum
supradicta elemosina in elemosinam tribuit.
His testibus Priore ecclesiae ejusdem villae, Willelmo
Torreld.
CLXX.
Charter by King David granting to the church of
St. Andrews a fishing in the Tay,
circa A.D. 1 144.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus
justitiis baronibus vicecomitibus et omnibus fidelibus suis
134 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
totius regni sui, Francis et Anglicis et Scottis tarn futuris
quam praesentibus salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse in perpetuam elemo-
sinam Deo et Sancto Andreae et fratribus ibidem Deo
deservituris tractum unius retis in aqua de Thei ad
piscandum ubi mea dominica retia piscabuntur.
Concede etiam eis praedictum tractum ita libere et
quiete de omnibus rectitudinibus et consuetudinibus
tenere sicut elemosina melius et liberius et quietius
potest dari et concedi pro anima mea et filii mei et pro
animabus antecessorum et successorum meorum.
Praesentibus testibus Hugone de Morevill, Dunecano
comite, Herberto camerario, Roberto de Sigillo, Randulfo
de Sules, Roberto Burguin, Alwino filio Archil, Roberto
de Pert. Apud Sconam.
CLXXI.
Charter by King David to the Hospital of St.
Andrews of the land of Kenlachyn,
circa A.D. 1 144.
From a transcript in the Register House, made from the original at
St. Andrews, communicated by the Reverend Dr. John Lee.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Episcopis, abbatibus, comitibus,
justitiariis, baronibus, vicecomitibus et omnibus fidelibus
totius regni sui, Francis et Anglicis et Scottis salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse et hac mea carta
confirmasse Hospitali Sancti Andreae in perpetuam elemo-
sinam terrain de Kenlachyn liberam et quietam ab omni
servitio seculari pro anima mea et Henrici filii mei et
pro animabus antecessorum et successorum meorum.
Testibus Hugone de Moruille, Duncano comite, Here-
berto camerario, Roberto de Sigillo, Randulfo de Sulis,
Roberto Burguin, Alwino filio Archill, Roberto de Pert.
Apud Scon.
CLXX.— CLXXII. 135
CLXXII.
Charter by King David granting Lesmahagow
to the Abbey of Kelso, A.D. 1144.
Liber de Calchou, No. 8.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Universis sanctae
Dei ecclesiae filiis et fidelibus suis salutem.
Sciatis me intuitu Dei et pro salute animae meae et
omnium antecessorum et successorum meorum, consilio
et ammonitione Johannis Glasguensis episcopi dedisse et
hac carta mea confirmasse abbathiae de Kelchou quam
fundavi et abbati et monachis ibidem Deo servientibus
in liberam et perpetuam elemosinam ecclesiam de Les-
mahagu et totam Lesmahagu per suas rectas divisas et
cum omnimodis pertinentiis suis in bosco et piano in
moris et mariscis in pascuis et aquis in molendinis et
in ceteris aedificiis et mansionibus construendis in terra
sua prout eis libuerit.
Ita quod nullique omnino hominum liceat terras
possessiones monachorum aliquo modo occupare nisi per
ipsos. Et volo ut easdem terras et possessiones ita
quiete et libere perpetualiter obtineant, sicut ego ipse
eas unquam liberius et quietius obtinui et possedi
solas orationes ad salutem animarum exsolvendo. Dictam
vero ecclesiam praenominatus Johannes episcopus ex
assensu totius cleri sui ad petitionem meam ab omni
exactione et subjectione episcopali jure perpetuo praedictis
abbati et monachis quietam clamavit et liberam sicut
carta ipsius testatur et confirmat.
Ita quod abbas et monachi Kelchoenses de ecclesia de
Lesmahagu sicut de cella sua ordinabunt priorem et
monachos ordinis et habitus Kalchoensis in ipsa successive
instituendo, prout locus potuit honeste sustentare una
cum receptione pauperum per eos transeuntium.
136 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Quicunque autem propter vitae vel membri periculum
evadendi ad dictam cellam confugerint vel intra quatuor
cruces circumstantes pervenerint ob reverentiam Dei et
Sancti Machuti firmam pacem meam concede.
Haec mea carta confirmata est, anno ab incarnatione
Domini M.C.XL.IIIJ, regni mei anno XX primo, coram
his testibus [Johanne Episcopo Glasguense, Henrico
filio meo, Willelmo nepote meo, Edwardo cancellario
Ascelino archidiacono, Ricardo et Johanne capellanis,
Malcolmo filio comitis et Willelmo fratre ejus, Jordano
Hayrun, Hugone de Moruilla, Odenello de Vmfrauilla,
Roberto de Bruys, Willelmo de Sumervill, David Olifard,
Willelmo de Lindesai. Apud Castrum puellarum.]
CLXXIII.
Confirmation by John, Bishop of Glasgow, of the
grant of Lesmahagow to the Abbey of Kelso,
A. D. ii 44.
Liber de Calchou, No. 180.
OMNIBUS has litteras visuris vel audituris Johannes Dei
gratia ecclesiae Glasguensis minister humilis salutem in
Domino perpetuam.
Sciatis me caritatis intuitu ad petitionem domini mei
David Regis Scottorum illustris, consilio et ammonitione
virorum timentium Deum tarn clericorum quam laicorum
ex assensu et voluntate totius capituli mei concessisse et
hac carta mea confirmasse abbati et monachis Calchovensis
monasterii ecclesiam de Lesmahagu cum tota parochia
sua, prout eis libuerit in perpetuum ordinandam, monachos
in eadem instituendo et ipsam cum monachis ibidem
servituris ab omni exactione et subjectione episcopali
jure perpetuo liberam dimisisse et quietam.
CLXXII.— CLXXV. 137
Haec autem acta sunt coram domino meo Rege David
et multis aliis tarn clericis quam laicis anno ab incarna-
tione Domini M.c.XL.lllj.
CLXXIV.
King David orders Edward the monk of Cold-
ingham to supply wood, ante A.D. 1136.
Stevenson's Illus., p. 13, from Cott. MS. Domitian vii., f. 47.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum ^Edwardo monacho de
Coll' salutem.
Mando tibi et precor quatenus des mihi satis de tuis
truncis ad meum rogum faciendum de Berewic in nemore
quod est in Calang' inter te et Liulfum filium Uctredi.
Teste Herberto cancellario. Apud Peples.
CLXXV.
Confirmation by Earl Henry of a grant of the
church of Sprouston by John, Bishop of Glas-
gow, to the Abbey of Kelso, circa A.D. 1144.
Liber de Calchou, No. 382.
HENRICUS filius Regis Scotiae, Episcopis comitibus vice-
comitibus baronibus et omnibus probis hominibus totius
terrae suae Francis Anglicis et Scotticis clericis et laicis
salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et confirmasse in perpetuam
elemosinam donum ecclesiae de Sprostun quod Johannes
Glasguensis episcopus dedit ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae de
Kelcho, abbati et monachis in elemosinam perpetuo pos-
sidendam.
138 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Praesentibus testibus Duncano comite, Herberto came-
rario, Rodberto de Sigillo, Radulfo de Sulis, Alwino filio
Archilli, Waltero de Struelyn. Kalendas Julii. Apud
Rochburge.
CLXXVI.
Charter by King David of Rauendena to the
church of St. Mary and St. John, Kelso,
circa A.D. 1145.
Liber de Calchou, No 372.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Omnibus probis hominibus suis
salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae et Sancti
Johannis de Chelchehov libere et quiete in perpetuum
Rauendenam cum suis rectis divisis sicut earn melius
habui in meo dominio in terra et herba et aquis, excepta
una carrucata terrae quam dedi hospitali de Rochesburgo
et concede praedictae ecclesiae terram Osulfi Wittburgis
post obitum suum, ita solam et quietam sicuti aliam.
Testibus Henrico filio Regis, Johanne episcopo, Ead-
wardo cancellario, Abbate de Dunfermelyn, Willelmo
filio Dunecani, Roberto de Brus, Hugone de Moruille,
Gervasio Ridel. Apud Rochesburge.
CLXXVII.
Confirmation by Earl Henry of the rights of the
monks of St. Cuthbert in Swinton,
circa A.D. 1145.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
HENRICUS filius Regis Scotiae, Omnibus suis hominibus
tarn Francis quam Anglis salutem.
CLXXV.— CLXXVIII. i 39
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse monachis Sancti
Cuthberti, Swintun in perpetuum possidendam et libere
disponendam in dominicum servitium suum sicut carta
bonae memoriae ^Edgari regis avunculi mei testatur et
sicut pater meus eis concessit et reddidit. Et volo et
praecipio ne aliquis de hoc molestiam vel calumpniam eis
faciat, quia hoc eis concessi in perpetuam elemosinam pro
salute animae meae et parentum meorum scilicet Malcolmi
regis et Margaretae reginae et filiorum ac filiarum ipsorum.
Testibus Eustachio filio Johannis et Roberto de
Umframvilla et Herberto camerario et Gileberto de
Umframvilla et Willelmo de Sumervilla. Apud Hun-
tendunam.
CLXXVIII.
Confirmation by King David of the grant by
Gospatric to the church of Coldingham of
Ederham and Nesbit, A.D. 1147.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Omnibus sanctae
ecclesiae fidelibus praesentibus et futuris salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae et
Sancti Cuthberti de Coldingham et monachis ibidem
Deo servientibus donum quod Gospatricus frater Dolfini
dedit praedictae ecclesiae et monachis scilicet Ederham
et Nesbitam in perpetuam elemosinam cum ecclesiis et
aquis et pratis et pascuis et molendinis et omnibus aliis
locis et cum eisdem rectis divisis quibus eas tenuit die
quo fuit vivus et mortuus liberas et quietas ab omni
servitio et omni consuetudine exceptis triginta solidis
quos praefati monachi dabunt filio ejus Gospatrico et
heredibus suis post eum pro conredio regis unoquoque
anno ad festum Sancti Martini et excepto exercitu regis
unde monachi erunt attendentes ipsi regi et ipse Gos-
patricus de exercitu erit quiete in perpetuum.
1 40 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Praesentibus testibus Roberto episcopo Sancti Andreae,
Johanne Glasguensis episcopo, Herberto abbate de
Rochesburg, Ricardo abbate de Mailros, ^Edwardo can-
cellario, Tror archidiacono, Hugone constabulario, Her-
berto camerario, Randulfo de Sules, Galtero de Ridel,
Rob. de Burneuilla, Horm fil. Malcolm, Normanno vie. de
Berwic, Rob. fil. Widofi vie. de Rochesb., Sain sacerdote
de Fiswic, Will, de Lambertun, Aldan de prenregeste.
Apud Coldingham in die inventionis Sanctae Crucis anno
M. CLXVIJ ab incarnatione Domini, videlicet illo anno in
quo rex Franciae et multi Christiani perrexerunt
ierusalem.
CLXXIX.
Charter by King David granting to the church
of St. Mary at Stirling the lands of Cambus-
kenneth, etc., A.D. 1147.
Chartulary of Cambuskenneth, No. 51.
IN nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti, Amen.
Ego David Dei gratia Rex Scottorum assensu Henrici filii
mei et episcoporum regni mei comitumque et baronum
confirmatione et testimonio, concedo ecclesiae Sanctae
Mariae de Striueling et canonicis in ea regulariter
viventibus ea quae subscripta sunt et pace perpetua
confirmo. Haec itaque sunt quae praefatae ecclesiae
concedo, terram de Cambuskynneth et piscaturam inter
eandem terram et Pollemase et unum rethe in aqua:
terram quoque de Colling, cum nemore et suis rectis
divisis: terram etiam de Dunbodeuin, quae est inter aquam
ejusdem terrae et terram de Lochin, quadraginta quoque
solidos de redditu meo de Striueling et canum unius navis
et unam salinam et totidem terrae quot habet una de
salinis meis et decimam firmae de dominiis meis de
Striueling et oblationes quae in praedicta ecclesia oblatae
CLXXVIII.— CLXXX. 141
fuerint et insulam quae est inter Pollemase et Dunbodeuin
et viginti cudermis de caseis redditus mei de Striueling :
eandem quoque libertatem et consuetudinem quam ceteris
ecclesiis terrae meae concessi et confirmavi, eidem ecclesiae
concede et confirmo.
Volo itaque ut quaecunque praedicta ecclesia in praesenti
possidet vel in future possessura est, ita quiete et libere
sicut ego praefatas terras possideo, possideant, salva defen-
sione regni et justitia regali, si praelatus aliquo impulsu
a justitia exorbitaverit.
Hujus confirmationis testes sunt Comes Henricus films
regis, Robertus episcopus Sancti Andreae, Gregorius
episcopus Dunkeldensis, Herbertus electus de Glasgu, G.
abbas Dunfermelinensis, abbas Sanctae Crucis,
Robertus prior Sancti Andreae, Osbertus prior Jeddewrt,
Edwardus cancellarius, Comes Dunecanus, Leod de
Brechin, Hugo de Moruille, Herbertus camerarius,
Willelmus de Sumervill, Ranulfus de Sules, Willelmus
de Lindesai, Walterus de Ridale.
CLXXX.
Bull by Pope Eugenius III. in favour of the
Abbey of Stirling, A.D. 1147.
Chartulary of Cambuskenneth, No. 23.
EUGENIUS Episcopus servus servorum Dei, Dilectis filiis
Willelmo abbati ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae de Striueling
ejusque fratribus tarn praesentibus quam futuris re-
gularem vitam professis in perpetuum.
Ad hoc universalis ecclesiae cura nobis a provisore
omnium bonorum Deo commissa est, ut religiosas diliga-
mus personas et beneplacentem Deo religionem studeamus
modis omnibus propagare, nee enim Deo gratus aliquando
142 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
famulatus impenditur nisi ex caritatis radice procedens
a puritate religionis fuerit conservatus : ea propter dilecti
in Domino filii, vestris justis postulationibus, dilecti filii
nostri fratris Roberti prioris Sancti Andreae precibus in-
clinati, clementer annuimus et praefatam ecclesiam in qua
divino mancipati estis obsequio sub Beati Petri et nostra
protectione suscepimus et praesentis scripti privilegio
communimus : Statuentes ut ordo canonicus de Arrosia
quae per te, dilecte in Domino fili, Willelme abbas, prae-
veniente gratia Dei consilio et auxilio venerabilis fratris
nostri Roberti episcopi Sancti Andreae in eadem ecclesia
noscitur institutus perpetuis ibidem temporibus inviolabi-
liter conservetur.
Praeterea quascunque possessiones quaecunque bona
eadem ecclesia in praesentiarum juste et canonice possidet
aut in futurum concessione pontificum, largitione regum vel
principum, oblatione fidelium seu aliis justis modis Deo
propitio, poterit adipisci, firma vobis vestrisque successori-
bus et illibata permaneant, quae propriis dignum duximus
exprimenda vocabilis : terram videlicet de Dumbodelin
cum aquis et terram de Cambuskynneth cum piscatura et
rethe in aqua et terram de Collyne cum nemore et
decimam de dominiis regis de Striueling et de redditibus
regis XL solidos et canum unius navis.
Decernimus ergo ut nulli omnino hominum liceat prae-
fatam ecclesiam temere perturbare aut ejus possessiones
auferre vel ablatas retinere, minuere, aut aliquibus
vexationibus fatigare, sed omnia integra conserventur
eorum pro quorum gubernatione et sustentatione con-
cessa sunt usibus omnimodis pro futura, salva sedis
apostolicae autoritate et episcopi Sancti Andreae canonica
reverentia, si qua igitur in futurum ecclesiastica secularisve
persona hanc nostrae constitutionis paginam sciens, contra
earn temere venire temptaverit secundo tertiove com-
monita, si non satisfactione congrua emendaverit, potes-
tatis honorisque sui dignitate careat: reamqHe se divino
CLXXX.— CLXXXI. 143
judicio existere de perpetrata iniquitate cognoscat et a
sacratissimo corpora ac sanguine Dei et Domini Redemp-
toris nostri Jesu Christi aliena fiat atque in extremo
examine districtae ultioni subjaceat, cunctis autem eidem
loco juste servantibus sit pax Domini nostri Jesu Christi
quatenus et hie fructum bonae actionis percipiant et apud
districtum judicem praemia aeternae pacis inveniant.
Amen.
Ego Eugenius catholicae ecclesiae episcopus.
Ego Odo diaconus cardinalis S. Georgii ad Velum
Aureum.
Ego Abbericus Ostiensis episcopus.
Ego Johannes Paparo diaconus cardinalis S. Adriani.
Ego Hubaldus presbyter cardinalis Sanctorum Johannis
et Pauli.
Ego Ignarus Tusculanus episcopus.
Ego Gregorius diaconus cardinalis.
Ego Gilbertus indignus sacerdos S. Martini.
Datum Altisiodori, per manumGuidonis sanctae Romanae
ecclesiae diaconi cardinalis et cancellarii, tertio Kalendas
Septembris, indictione decima, incarnationis dominicae anno
millesimo centesimo quadragesimo septimo, pontificatus
vero domini Eugenii tertii papae anno tertio.
CLXXXI.
Bull of Pope Eugenius III. giving the right of
electing the Bishop of St. Andrews to the
Prior and Canons of St. Andrews instead of
to the Keledei, Aug. 30, 1147.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
EUGENIUS Episcopus servus servorum Dei, Dilectis filiis
Roberto priori ecclesiae beati Andreae apostoli in Scotia
ejusque fratribus tarn praesentibus quam futuris regularem
vitam professis in perpetuum.
144 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Ad hoc universalis ecclesiae cura nobis a provisore
omnium bonorum Deo commissa est, ut religiosas diligamus
personas et bene placentem Deo religionem studeamus
modis omnibus propagare. Nee enim Deo gratus aliquando
famulatus impenditur, nisi ex caritatis radice procedens,
a puritate religionis fuerit conservatus. Ea propter, dilecti
in Domino filii, vestris justis postulationibus clementer
annuimus et praefatam ecclesiam in qua divino mancipati
estis obsequio sub beati Petri et nostra protectione
suscipimus et praesentis scripti privilegio communimus :
Statuentes ut ordo canonicus secundum beati Augustini
regulam, qui per Dei gratiam consilio et auxilio venerabilis
fratris nostri Roberti episcopi nostri, et tuo, dilecte in
Domino fili Roberte prior, labore et studio in eadem
ecclesia noscitur institutus, perpetuis ibidem temporibus
inviolabiliter conservetur.
Praeterea, quascumque possessiones quaecumque bona
eadem ecclesia in praesentiarum juste et canonice possidet,
aut in futurum concessione pontificum, largitione regum
vel principum, oblatione fidelium seu aliis justis modis Deo
propitio poterit adipisci, firma vobis vestrisque successoribus
et illibata permaneant Libertates seu immunitates ab
episcopis sive regibus rationabili devotione ecclesiae
vestrae concessas, auctoritate vobis apostolica confirmamus.
Obeunte vero fratre nostro Roberto episcopo vestro,
nullus in ecclesia Sancti Andreae quae sedes episcopalis
est, aliqua surreptionis astutia seu violentia praeponatur,
sed quern vos communi consensu vel fratrum ecclesiae
vestrae pars consilii sanioris secundum Dominum canonice
provideritis eligendum.
Statuimus etiam, ut decedentibus Keledeis loco eorum
regulares canonici auctore Domino subrogentur. Decrevi-
mus ergo ut nulli omnino hominum liceat praefatam
ecclesiam temere pertiybare aut ejus possessiones auferre
vel ablatas retinere, minuere aut quibuslibet vexationibus
fatigare, sed omnia integra conserventur eorum pro
CLXXXI. 145
quorum gubernatione et sustentatione concessa sunt usibus
omnimodis pro futura : salva sedis Apostolicae auctoritate
et Episcopi Sancti Andreae canonica reverentia. Si qua
ergo in futurum ecclesiastica secularisve persona, hanc
nostrae constitution is paginam sciens, contra earn temere
venire temptaverit, secundo tertiove commonita, si non
satisfactione congrua emendaverit potestatis honorisque
sui dignitate careat reamque se divino judicio existere de
perpetrata iniquitate cognoscat et a sacratissimo corpore
et sanguine Domini Redemptoris nostri Jesu Christi aliena
fiat atque in extremo examine districtae ultioni subjaceat.
Cunctis autem eidem loco juste servantibus sit pax
Domini nostri Jesu Christi, quatenus et hie fructum bonae
actionis percipiant, et apud districtum judicem praemia
aeternae pacis inveniant. Amen, Amen, Amen.
Fac mecum, Domine, signum in bonum, Sanctus Petrus,
Sanctus Paulus, Eugenius Papa III.
Ego Eugenius catholicae ecclesiae episcopus S.S.
Ego Albericus Ostiensis episcopus S.S.
Ego Imarus Tusculanus episcopus S.S.
Ego Huhaldus presbiter cardinalis titulo Sanctorum
Johannis et Pauli S.S.
Ego Gillebertus indignus sacerdos titulo S. Marci S.S.
Ego Hugo presbiter cardinalis titulo in Lucina S.S.
Ego Odo diaconus cardinalis S. Georgii ad Velum
Aureum S.S.
Ego Johannes Paparo diaconus cardinalis Sancti Adriani
S.S.
Ego Gregorius Sancti Auguli diaconus cardinalis S.S.
Ego Johannes diaconus cardinalis S. Mariae Novae S.S.
Ego Guido diaconus cardinalis S. Mariae in porticu S.S.
Dat. Altisiodori per manum Guidonis sanctae Romanae
ecclesiae diaconi cardinalis et cancellarii, IIJ Kal. Sept
Indict, x, Incarnationis Dominicae anno MC.XLVII Ponti-
ficatus vero domini Eugenii III. pp. anno IIJ.
146 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CLXXXII.
Agreement between the Bishop of St. Andrews
and the Abbot of Dunfermline regarding the
church of Eccles and the chapel of the Castle
of Stirling, A.D. 1147-1150.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 4.
HAEC est concordia quae facta fuit apud Castellum
Puellarum coram regem David et Henrico filio ejus et
baronibus eorum inter Robertum episcopum Sancti
Andreae et G. abbatem de Dunfermlin de ecclesia paro-
chiali de Eccles et capella castelli de Struelin.
Recordati fuerunt barones regis et in hac recordatione
omnes concordat! sunt, quod ea die qua rex Alexander fecit
capellam dedicare supradictam donavit et concessit eidem
capellae decimas dominiorum suorum in soca de Struelin
quae eadem die fuerunt dominia sua sive accreverunt sive
decreverunt et praeterea consideraverunt quod ecclesia paro-
chialis de Eccles habere debebat universas decimas quae
proveniunt de hurdmannis et bondis et gresmannis cum
ceteris consuetudinibus quas debent ecclesiae et qui
mortui fuerint sive sint de mancipiis dominiorum sive de
parochia supradicta, corpora eorum jaceant in cimiterio
parochiali praenominato cum rebus quas debent habere
mortui secum ad ecclesiam nisi forte fuerit quod aliquis
de burgensibus aliquo subitp casu ibi moriatur, et si
dominia postea creverunt vel in sartis vel in fractura
veteris terrae antea non cultae, decimas eorum habeat
praedicta capella.
Si vero eodem modo creverunt terrae aliorum hominum
parochialium, ecclesia parochialis decimas eorum habeat
et si homines plures quam solebant dudum modo manent
in dominio supradicto decimas eorum et omnium hominum
quicumque illud excoluerint dominium habebit capella
CLXXXIL— CLXXXIII. 147
et ecclesia parochialis habebit eorum corpora qui in
dominio manent et si terrae quae tune non fuerunt de
dominio creverunt in mansuris hominum parochialis
ecclesia eorum decimas habebit et hiis omnibus praedictis
hominibus ipsa eadem omnes rectitudines christianitatis
propter sepulturae dignitatem faciet.
Hiis praesentibus testibus G. episcopo Dunkelden,
A. abbate Sanctae Crucis, W. abbate de Struelin, H. priore
de Coldingh., O. priore de Jedd., O. priore Sanctae Crucis,
et de laicis Duncano cornite, Gospatrico com., H. constab.,
W. de Sumervile, David Olifard, W. fil. Alani, H. earner.
Henric. fil. Swani et aliis multis.
CLXXXIII.
Confirmation by Earl Henry of the grant by
Earl Gospatric of Ederham and Nesbit to the
monks of Coldingham.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
HENRICUS Comes filius Regis Scotiae, Omnibus sanctae
ecclesiae fidelibus praesentibus et futuris salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et confirmasse ecclesiae Sanctae
Mariae et Sancti Cuthberti de Coldingham et monachis
ibidem Deo servientibus, donum quod Gospatricus comes
frater Dolfini dedit praedictae ecclesiae et monachis, scilicet
Hederham et Nesebitam in perpetuam elemosinam cum
ecclesiis et aquis et pratis et pascuis et molendinis et
omnibus aliis locis et cum eisdem rectis divisis quibus eas
tenuit die qua fuit vivus et mortuus liberas et quietas
cum omnibus libertatibus sicut cartae patris mei testantur
et confirmant.
Testibus his Hernaldo Abbate de Chelcho, Osberno
priore de Gedewrde . Engellario cancellario, magistro
Laurentio et fratre ejus Helias et Normanno vicecomite
et Willelmo de Lambertun et Baldano de Prendergest.
148 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CLXXXIV.
Charter by King David granting to the Priory of
May a toft in Berwick, A.D. 1147-1153.
Cartae Prior, de May, No. 2.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Omnibus probis hominibus totius
terrae suae salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et dedisse ecclesiae de Mai et
priori et monachis ejusdem loci ibidem Deo famulantibus
quandam plenariam toftam in Beruwic in perpetuam
elemosinam pro anima mea et animabus antecessorum et
successorum meorum. Quare volo et praecipio quod ipsi
praefatam toftam teneant adeo libere et quiete sicut aliqui
vel abbates vel priores in tota terra mea elemosinas suas
liberius et quietius tenent et homines qui in tofta ilia
manebunt liberi sint ab omni servitio et exactione.
Testibus Ernaldo abbate de Calchoh, Osberto priore
de Jedewrt, Waltero cancellario, Hugone de Morvilla,
Waltero filio Alani, Gilleberto de Umframvilla, Waltero
de Bolebec. Apud Kyngor.
CLXXXV.
Confirmation by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
of the addition to the endowment of the church
of St. Laurence at Berwick, A.D. 1147-1153.
Liber de Calchou, No. 445.
R[OBERTUS] Dei gratia Episcopus Sancti Andreae, Omni-
bus filiis sanctae ecclesiae salutem.
Notum sit tarn posteris quam praesentibus me concessisse
et auctoritate episcopali confirmasse ecclesiae Sancti
Laurentii de Berewic in jus parochiae incrementum illud
CLXXXIV.— CLXXXVI. 149
quod abbas et conventus ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae de
Kelcho predictae suae ecclesiae in perpetuam elemosinam
dederunt et concesserunt scilicet decimas et rectitudines
ceteras sanctae ecclesiae pertinentes carrucatae terrae quam
habent in Berewic et piscationum quas habent in eadem
villa et unius tofti quam habent in burgo. Volo itaque ut
praedicta ecclesia decimas et rectitudines praefatas habeat
et teneat jure parochiali sicut aliqua elemosina liberius
et quietius ab aliqua possidetur ecclesia.
Praesentibus testibus Willelmo abbate de Struelyn,
Osberto abbate de Edinburg, Osberto priori de Jedd,
Toraldo archidiacono, Aiolfo decano, Nichol. clerico apud
Edeneburge.
CLXXXVI.
Charter by King David to Alexander de St. Martin
of the lands of Alstaneford, etc.
Acta Domin. Concilii, vol. xxxi., fol. 66-67.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorurn, Omnibus hominibus
totius regni sui clericis et laicis Francis et Anglis et Scottis
praesentibus et futuris salutem.
Notum sit vobis me dedisse et concessisse et hac mea
carta confirmasse Alexandro de Sancto Martino, Alstane-
furde et terram quam Arkil tenuit per divisas quae sunt
inter Hadingtoun et Alstanefurd, silicet Robedd'ne et sicut
ilia tendit ultra peteream usque ad metam quae dividit
terram de Alstanefurd et de Garmeltun et de meta ilia
usque in rivulum qui tendit ad capud de Kipduf versus
occidentem et illam partem terrae de Drem quam retinui
in manu mea quum dedi Drem Cospatricio et ex capite
de Kipduf per semitam quamdam quae vadit in Radepo
et de Radepo per divisam quamdam quae ex transverse
150 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
versus Drem usque penes Drem et inde per divisam quam-
dam vadit in superior! parte terrae Roberti filii Galfridi
usque ad terram de Fortona. Quapropter volo et praecipio
quod praedictus Alexander et heredes sui has terras teneant
de me et heredibus meis in feodo et hereditate bene et
in pace libere et quiete et honorifice per servicium dimidii
militis. Ego autem omni anno dabo ei de camera mea
decem marcas argenti usque donee perficiam ei plenarium
feodum unius militis.
Testibus Comite Dunecano, Hugone de Morevill,
Waltero de Bidun, Waltero de Lindesi, Willelmo de
Lindesi, Roberto Euenel, David Olifard, Waltero de
Ridale, Radulfo de Sules, Nicholaio clerico, Galfrido de
Mailuil. Apud Forfare.
CLXXXVII.
Confirmation by King David of the grant of Ever-
sate to the church of St. Bees, by Matilda, the
wife of Godardus, circa A.D. 1 147.
Chartulary of St. Bees, Harl. 434, f. 26.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Omnibus probis hominibus suis
Couplandie Salutem. Sciatis me concessisse et hac mea
carta confirmasse elemosinam quam Matildis uxor Godardi
videlicet Euresate dedit Deo et ecclesiae Sanctae Bege et
fratribus ibidem Deo servientibus libere et quiete ab omni
seculari servicio sicut cartae Willelmi nepotis mei et Ade
filii Sweni testantur. Testibus Waltero cancellario et
Roberto de Bruis et Hugone de Moreuilla et Ada filio
Sweni, et Willelmo Sumeruilla et Alano filio Waldef et H.
filio Sweni et Willelmo de Heriz et Gospatrico filio Orm
et Randulfo de Lindeseia et Durando milite. Apud
Lampion.
CLXXXVL— CLXXXIX. i 5 i
CLXXXVIII.
Grant by King David to the canons of St. Andrews
of materials for building, circa A.D. 1148.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Vicecomiti de Clacmanet salutem.
Praecipio tibi quatenus canonicis de Sancto Andrea et
hominibus eorum facias habere materiem ad sua aedificia
in nemore de Clacmanet ita ne ipsi disturbentur super
meam defensionem.
Testibus Willelmo abbate de Struelin et Hugone de
Moreuilla et Nicholao clerico. Apud Striuelin.
CLXXXIX.
King David's Charter to the Abbey of Jedburgh,
A.D. 1147-1150.
Adv. Lib., 34. 3. ii.
EGO David Dei gratia Rex Scottorum divino instinctu pro
salute animae meae et Henrici filii mei et antecessorum et
successorum meorum, domum religiosis in villa de Jedwordie
fundavi in qua canonicos regulares consilio et assensu
venerabilis memoriae Joannis Episcopi ceterorumque epis-
coporum comitum et baronum meorum atque religiosorum
virorum regni mei constitui. Quorum aliis necessariis in per-
petuam elemosinam dono et hujus cartae meae attestatione
confirmo monasterium de Jedword cum omnibus ad illud
pertinentibus videlicet decimas villarum totius parochiae
scilicet duarum Jedwordis et Langtoun, Nesbet, Craling
Gospatrici vicecomitis, ipsius Gospatrici capellano ejusdem
Cralingis praedicto monasterio concedente et testibus
legitimis confirmante et in eadem villa unam carrucatam
152 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
terrae et dimidiam et tres acras cum duabus mansuris
necnon et decimas alterius Craling villae Orme filii
Gilasp. Et de Stramsburgh capellam [quae] fundata
est super aquam Jedde in saltu nemoris contra Schor-
winglen. Et decimam totius venationis meae in Theiudall.
Omnes quoque redditus ad supradictum monasterium
juste pertinentes, praeterea villas subscriptas viz. Ulmers-
toun Almechine juxta Alvecromber et Cromseth et
Raperlau cum rectis divisis suis ad easdem villas
pertinentibus unam etiam mansuram in burgo meo Rothb
et unam mansuram in Berwick et ibidem unam aquam
liberas solutas et quietas et Cadwardisly sicut ego earn
perambulavi et divisas monstravi. Et animalium pascua
prope nemora mea et ligna silvarum vel materiem ad
sua necessaria ubi ego praeter ilium locum qui vocatur
Ouikege et multuram molendini de omnibus hominibus
Jedword ubi castellum est et unam salinam juxta
Striviling. Volo itaque ac firmiter praecipio ut omnia
quaecumque modo possident vel deinceps juste possessuri
sunt ita libere et pure omni remota exactione supradicti
canonici mei pace perpetua cum omnibus monasterii sui
libertatibus et liberis consuetudinibus confirmatione et
autoritate mea possideant sicut unquam aliqui canonici
possessiones et libertates liberasque consuetudines sui
monasterii seu quaelibet ecclesiastica jura liberius quietius
atque honestius possident.
Hujus autem donationis et confirmationis meae testes
et assentatores sunt hii viz. Henricus films meus,
Herbertus Glasguensis episcopus, Robertus episcopus de
SanctoAndrea,Gillebertus episcopus Dunkeldensis, Andreas
episcopus Catanensis, Arnold abbas Calc., Gaufridus abbas
de Dumfermlin, Albyn abbas de Sancta Cruce, Comes
Duneth, Hugo de Morvilla [constabularius], Radulph
films Dugall et multi alii.
CLXXXIX.— CXC 153
cxc
Charter by Earl Henry to the Abbey of Jedburgh,
A.D. II47-II52.
From Morton's Monastic Annals of Teviotdale.
IN honorem Sanctae et Individuae Trinitatis, ego Henricus
comes Northanhumbriorum canonicis patris mei quos in
monasterio Sanctae Mariae de Jedworde constituit, in
perpetuam elemosinam concede et hujus cartae meae
attestatione confirmo, donatum illis ab eodem patre meo
praedictum monasterium de Jedworthe, cum omnibus ad
illud pertinentibus videlicet decimas villarum totius paro-
chiae, scilicet duarum Jeddword et Langton, Nesbyt, Creling
Gospatricii vicecomitis, ipsius Gospatricii capellano ejusdem
Creling praefato monasterio concedente et testibus legitimis
confirmante et in eadem villa unam carrucatam terrae et
dimidiam et tres acras cum duabus maisuris. Necnon et
decimas alterius Creling villae Orm filii Eylav : et de
Scrauesburghe, capellam etiam quae est in saltu nemoris
et decimam totius venationis patris mei in Thevietdale :
omnes redditus ad supradictum monasterium juste per-
tinentes.
Praeterea villas subscriptas Ulvestoun juxta Jedworthe,
Alneclive juxta Alncromb, Cromseche Raperlaw, cum rectis
divisis ad easdem villas pertinentibus, unam maisuram
in burgo Roxburg et unam in Berewic, et ibidem
unam aquam, liberas solutas ac quietas et Edwordisley
sicut earn pater meus perambulavit et divisas monstravit,
et animalium pascua ubi patris mei et ligna silvarum et
materiem ad sua necessaria ubi pater meus, praeter ilium
locum qui vocatur Quikhege, et multuram molendini Jedd-
worde, ubi castellum est, de omnibus hominibus ejusdem
Jeddworde et unam salinam juxta Strevelin.
Volo itaque et concede ut omnia quaecumque modo
possident aut deinceps juste possessuri sint ita libere et
154 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
pure, omni remota exactione, supradicti canonici patris
mei cum omnibus monasterii sui libertatibus et liberis
consuetudinibus pace perpetua possideant, sicut illis pater
meus eadem beneficia carta et auctoritate sua, possidenda
praecepit et confirmavit.
Testibus praesentibus Herberto Glasg. episcopo, Arnaldo
abbate de Calco, Eng. cancellario, Adam capellano, Hugone
de Morevilla, Thoma de Londoniis, Ranu. de Sola, etc.
CXCI.
Confirmation by Earl Henry to Beatrice de Bel-
chaump of her lands of Roxburgh.
Registr. de Dryburgh, No. 145.
HENRICUS comes films regis Scotiae, Episcopis abbatibus
justiciariis baronibus vicecomitibus ministris et omnibus
probis hominibus totius terrae suae Francis et Anglicis
tarn futuris quam praesentibus salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et per praesens scriptum con-
firmasse Dominae Beatrici de Belchaump terras et tenuras
suas de Rogesburgh quas ipsa de patre meo tenuit.
Volo itaque et praecipio quatenus illas terras et tenuras
de me habeat et teneat libere et honorifice sicut ipsa de
patre meo liberius et quietius tenuit. Testibus, etc.
CXCII.
Charter by Roger de Ov granting the church of
Langtoun to the Abbey of Kelso.
Liber de Calchou, No. 138.
UNIVERSIS sanctae matris ecclesiae filiis et fidelibus
Rogerus de Ov salutem.
CXC— CXCIII. 155
Noverint omnes tarn posteri quam praesentes me dedisse
et hac carta mea confirmasse ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae de
Kelkou et monachis ibidem Deo servientibus ecclesiam
villae meae de Langtune cum omnibus pertinentiis suis in
liberam et perpetuam elemosinam sicut Henricus ejusdem
ecclesiae persona earn melius et plenius tenuit. Hanc
autem ecclesiam dedi et concessi praefatae ecclesiae de
Kelcho pro salute animae Comitis Henrici domini mei et
pro salute animae meae et antecessorum et successorum
meorum. Quare volo ut jam dicti monachi de Kelcho
praefatam ecclesiam de Langtune libere et honorifice tene-
ant in perpetuum et possideant sicut aliquam elemosinam
liberius et quietius tenent et possident.
Kiis testibus G. decano de Fogghou, Hug. de Duns,
Henrico persona de Langtune, Hug. de Ov, Thorn, de
Ov, Roberto filio Randulphi.
CXCIII.
Charter by Earl Henry granting to the Abbey of
Kelso a toft in Berwick, A.D. 1147-1152.
Liber de Calchou, No. 29.
HENRICUS comes filius Regis Scotiae, Episcopis abbatibus
justiciariis baronibus vicecomitibus ministris et omnibus
suis hominibus Francis et Anglicis clericis et laicis totius
terrae suae salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et confirmasse Ernaldo abbati de
Kalchou illam toftam Dodini de Berwic quae est super
Twedam ad tenendum de me in feudo.
Volo itaque et firmiter praecipio quatenus illam prae-
nominatam toftam teneat et habeat ita plenarie sicut
praedictus Dodyn illam unquam plenarius tenuit et habuit
et ita libere et quiete istam toftam de me teneat in feudo
sicut possesssiones ecclesiae suae liberius et quiecius tenet
in elemosinam.
Hiis testibus. .
156 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CXCIV.
Confirmation by King David of the lands and
rights of the Abbey of Kelso.
Liber de Calchou, No. 2.
DAVID Dei gratia illustris Rex Scottorum, Omnibus sanctae
matris ecclesiae filiis et fidelibus salutem.
Notum sit omnibus praesentibus et futuris me fundasse
dum fui comes quoddam monasterium in Selechirche ad
abbathiam in honore Sanctae Mariae Virginis et Sancti
Johannis Evangelistae pro salute animae meae et omnium
antecessorum et successorum meorum. Sed postquam
divina dementia post obitum fratris mei regis Alexandri
successi in regnum, consilio et ammonicione venerabilis
memoriae Johannis episcopi Glasguensis, aliorumque
procerum meorum praedictum monasterium quia locus non
erat conveniens abbathiae apud Roxburgum transtuli in
ecclesia Beatae Virginis quae sita est super ripam fluminis
Twede in loco qui dicitur Calkou, quam ecclesiam
Robertus Sancti Andreae episcopus, in cujus erat episco-
patu, pro Dei amore et meo concessit mihi et ejusdem
loci ecclesiae abbati et monachis solutam et quietam
ab omni subjectione et exactione liberam, ita scilicet ut
abbas et monachi supradictae ecclesiae a quocumque
episcopo voluerint in Scocia vel in Cumbria crisma suum
et oleum et ordinationem ipsius abbatis et monachorum
et cetera ecclesiae sacramenta accipiant.
Ego vero huic ecclesiae in elemosinam perpetuam donavi
villam de Kelchu cum suis rectis divisis in terris et in
aquis solutam et quietam et ab omni exactione liberam et
quotienscunque in eadem ecclesia in solemnitatibus vel
in aliis diebus servitium Dei audiero omnes offerendas
meas et omnium qui mecum erunt perpetue dedi in ele-
mosinam. Et in Edinham de molendino XIJ celdr. de brasio
CXCIV. 157
quolibet anno, et de mora de Edynham ad fodiendum
cespites ad faciendam ignem a quodam fossato quod
descendit de quadam alia mora transiendo recto tramite
illam moram usque ad tres magnos lapides ex altera parte
existentes. Et in burgo de Roxburge XL solidos de censu
unoquoque anno et omnes ecclesias et scolas ejusdem burgi
cum omnibus earum pertinentiis et unum toftum juxta
ecclesiam Sancti Jacobi et alterum in novo burgo et terrain
quae fu it Gauterii Cymentarii et in molendinis XX celdr.
inter farinam et frumentum et septimam partem piscaturae
et in Sprouistona unam carrucatam terrae et X acras et
maisuras carrucatae pertinentes et tres acras de prato
et ecclesiam ejusdem villae et terram ecclesiae pertinentem,
Domino Johanne episcopo Glasguensis simul dante et
episcopali auctoritate confirmante. Et villain Rauedene
sicut unquam in meo dominio earn melius habui in terris et
in aquis in pasturis de Sproustone et moram ad fodiendum
turvas communes hominibus de Reuedene sicut hominibus
de Sprouistone et in Berewyce unam carrucatam terrae et
unam maisuram carrucatae pertinentem juxta ecclesiam
Sancti Laurencii et alteram maisuram in burgo et XL
solidos de censu ejusdem burgi unoquoque anno et
dimidiam partem unius piscaturae quae vocatur Berewyck-
streem et septimam partem molendinorum. Et villam de
Middelham et Bouldene sicut unquam melius habui in
terris et in bosco in aquis et in piano et XXXta acras
terrae de territorio Lyllesclefe inter Alnam et rivulum qui
dividit terram de Myddilham et de Lyllescleue et decimam
molendini ejusdem villae scilicet Lyllescleue et Wythelawe
cum suis rectis divisis sicut earn melius habui in meo
dominio. Et terram de Selkyrke sicut rivulus descendens
a montibus currit in Gierwa usque ad rivulum ilium qui
descendens de Crossanesmer currit in Twede et ultra
eundem rivulum qui cadit in Gieruuam, quandam par-
ticulam terrae inter viam quae venit de castello et
super veterem abbatiam cadit in eodem rivulo et Gierwam
158 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
et veterem villam sicut unquam melius habui in terris et in
bosco in aquis et in piano. Et aquas meas circa Selekirke
communes ad piscandum suis propriis piscatoribus ut
meis et pasturas meas communes suis hominibus ut meis
et boscos meos domibus suis faciendis et ad ardendum ut
mihi et Treuenlene cum suis rectis divisis sicut Vineth earn
melius et plenius tenuit et habuit et craggam ejusdem
villae sicut dominus Alfwynus Sanctae Crucis et Arnoldus
abbas de Kalchou se adinvicem concordaverunt de quadam
calumpnia quae fuit inter eos de ipsa Cragga coram
hiis testibus R. abbe de Neubotil et aliis.
Hanc autem Treuenlene dedi praedicta ecclesia de
Kelchou in escambium X libratarum terrae quam habuerunt
in Hardingesthorne juxta Northamtone quam mihi accomo-
daverunt ad meum magnum negotium. Et in Renfriu unum
toftum et unam navim et piscaturam unius retis solutam
et quietam et ab omni exactione liberam.
Et decimam animalium et porcorum et caseorum de can
de quatuor cadrez de ilia Galweia quam vivente rege
Alexandro habui per unumquemque annum, et decimam
caseorum de Tweddal similiter per unumquemque annum,
et medietatem coquinae meae de omnibus occisionibus
meis omniumque successorum meorum ita ut ubicunque
unum corium habuero, habeant monachi et alium et
similiter de unctis et sepiis sicut de coreis et omnes
pelles arietum et agnorum et decimam coriorum cer-
vorum et cervarum quas veltarii mei capient. Hos
autem redditus coquinae meae et occisionum mearum dedi
eis per illam terram tantum quam vivente rege Alex-
andro habui. Et in Karsah unam salinam.
Et haec omnia supra dicti monasterii abbati et
monachis ita libere et pacifice jure perpetuo possidendo
confirmavi ut mihi succedentium nullus nihil omnino
solas orationes ad animae salutem de supradicta ecclesia
exigere praesumat.
Hiis testibus Henrico filio regis et aliis.
CXCIV.— CXCV. 159
Et praeterea ecclesiam de Selkirke liberam et quietam
sicut elemosina debit dari et concedi ita scilicet quod
praedicti abbates sint capellani mei et filii mei et succes-
sorum meorum de praedicta ecclesia.
CXCV.
Charter by Earl Henry granting to the Church
of St. John in the Castle of Roxburgh a
ploughgate of land and a toft in Roxburgh,
etc., A.D. 1147-1152.
Registr. Epis. Glasguensis, No. 5.
HENRICUS comes films Regis Scotiae, Omnibus fidelibus
suis et universis sanctae ecclesiae filiis salutem.
Sciant tarn posted quam praesentes me concessisse et
confirmasse in perpetuum et libere sicut rex pater meus
antea dedit et concessit ecclesiae Sancti Johannis de
Castro de Rokesburge unam carrucatam terrae de
dominico meo de Rokesburge et unum plenarium toftum
cum omnibus consuetudinibus suis et unam mansuram
terrae infra castrum et totam oblationem illorum qui
manent vel residentes sunt in castro et quartam partem
oblationis meae et uxoris meae et familiae meae quum
fuerimus in castro et decimam totam virgulti mei et totam
decimam partis meae de sepo occisionis meae quae fit in
Teuiedesdale et haec omnia ita libere concede praedictae
ecclesiae sicut elemosina potest concedi liberius ecclesiae.
Testibus Episcopo Herberto, et Arnaldo abbate, Waltero
cancellario, Engelramo cancellario, Hug de Moreuille con-
stabulario, et Comite Gospatrico, Willelmo de Sumerville,
Waltero filio Alani, Roberto filio Turet, Gervasio Ridel,
Willelmo Masculo, Waltero de Ridale. Apud Traueqayr.
160 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CXCVI.
Charter by Uctred son of Liulf, granting the church
of Molle to the Abbey of Kelso.
Liber de Calchou, No. 176.
NOTUM sit omnibus praesentibus et futuris quod ego
Uctredus filius Liulfi ecclesiam de Molle pro salute
animae meae et antecessorum meorum et dominorum
meorum David Regis et Henrici comitis, ecclesiae Sanctae
Mariae de Kelcho in perpetuam dedi elemosinam cum
terra adjacenti sicut ego Uctredus et Aldredus decanus
perambulavimus earn silicet ab Hulaues hou usque ad
rivum ejus et a rivo per Hulaues hou usque ad vadum
Bolbent contra ecclesiam et a vado illo sursum versus
usque ad Hulaues hou et inde per viam usque ad Hunedune
et inde usque ad capud rivi Hulaues hou.
Concedo et communem pasturam Molle villae meae cum
aisiamentis ita libere et quiete tenendam de me et heredi-
bus meis sicut aliqua ecclesia aliquam elemosinam liberius
et quietius possidet.
Hiis testibus Hug. de Moruile, Ricardo filio ejus,
David Olifard, Willelmo de Sumervile, Willelmo de
Moruile, Horm filio Eilaf, Edmundo de Macheswel,
Aldredo decano, Gamel de Foghou et aliis.
CXCVII.
Confirmation by Herbert, Bishop of Glasgow, of
the grant by Uctred son of Liulf, of the church
of Molle to the Abbey of Kelso.
Liber de Calchou, No. 416.
HERBERTUS Dei gratia Glasguensis episcopus, Omnibus
Sanctae Matris ecclesiae filiis salutem.
CXCVL— CXCVIII. 161
Sciatis me concessisse et episcopal! auctoritate confir-
masse donationem ecclesiae de Molle quam Ucteredus
filius Liolfi pro salute animae suae in perpetuam elemosi-
nam dedit et concessit ecclesiae de Kelchou fratribusque
ibidem Deo servientibus cum terris et parochiis et omnibus
rectitudinibus eidem ecclesiae pertinentibus sicut carta
ipsius Ucteredi testatur, salvis rectitudinibus et consue-
tudinibus episcopalibus.
His testibus Aldredo decano, Salomone clerico, Helia
clerico, et Nicholao clerico.
CXCVIII.
Charter by King David to Nicolas the cleric,
A.D. 1147-1153.
Regist. de Dryburgh, No. 158.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus vice-
comitibus baronibus justitiariis ministris et omnibus probis
hominibus totius regni sui salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Nicholao clerico viginti
solidos in carrucata ilia quam Petrus filius Valteri de
Strevelyn de me tenet in Hedinham et praeter hoc
dimidiam marcam in ilia dimidia carrucata terrae quam
Tebaldus de Norham de me tenuit in eadem villa ita ut
illi praedicto Nicholao firmam illam reddant sicut mini
reddere solebant.
Has itaque praedictas duas marcas do ei et concedo et
per cartam praesentem confirmo in escambio illarum
duarum marcarum quas in Bellestlene Ucteredi sacerdotis
ex dono episcopi Johannis eidem Nicholao concesseram
et confirmaveram ita libere et quiete ab omni servitio et
consuetudine sicut carta ipsius Johannis testatur se ei
praedictas duas marcas dedisse et concessisse, etc.
L
162 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CXCIX.
Charter by King David granting the right of
forest in Annandale to Robert de Brus,
A.D. 1147-1153.
The original is in the Archives of the Duchy of Lancaster.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Omnibus probis hominibus totius
terrae suae Francis et Anglis et Galweensibus salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Roberto de Brus in
feudo et hereditate illi et heredi suo in foresto, vallum de
Anant ex utraque parte aquae de Anant sicut divisae sunt
a foresto de Seleschirche quantum terra sua protenditur
versus Stradnit et versus Clud, libere et quiete sicut aliud
forestum suum tenetur melius et liberius. Quare defendo
ne ullus venetur in praedicto foresto nisi per ipsum super
forisfactum decem librarum et ne ullus eat per praedictum
forestum nisi recta via nominata.
Testibus Waltero cancellario, et Hugone de Morevilla,
et Waltero filio Alani, et Odenello de Umframvilla, et
Waltero de Lindeseia, et Ricardo de Morevilla. Apud
Stap . . . rtune.
CC.
Fragment of a Charter by the Bishop of Glasgow
to Robert de Brus (? ante A.D. 1147).
Archives of the Duchy of Lancaster. Cartae Miscell, No. 55.
. . . asc epc., Omnibus filiis sanctae ecclesiae totius
parochiae suae salutem et . . . quam praesentes me
dedisse et concessisse Rodberto de Brus in feudo et in . . .
heredibus suis terram ecclesiae Glasguensis de Stratanant
ad tenendum de . . . et honorifice et quiete sicut unquam
pater suus liberius et honorificentius . . . terram de me
tenuit.
CXCIX.— CCII. 163
Teste David Rege, Henrico filio . . ., Dunecan, Hugone
de Morville, Willelmo filio Turgis, Randulfo de Sules,
Willelmo. . . . Apud Carliol.
CCI.
Mandate by King David that no can nor toll be
taken from the monks of May,
A.D. 1147-1153.
Cartae Prioratus de May, No. 6.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Vicecomitibus praepositis ministris et
omnibus hominibus totius terrae suae salutem.
Praecipio ubicumque prior de Mai aut aliquis suorum
fratrum aut clientium domus de Mai venerint cum rebus
domus de Mai quatenus sint quieti de cano et tolneio per
totam terram meam et ut licentiam habeant vendendi
proprias res suas et emendi necessaria domus.
Praeterea defendo ne ullus eis aut rebus eorum super
meum forisfactum forisfaciat.
Testibus Herberto episcopo de Glascu et Andrea epis-
copo de Cataneis et Ernaldo abbate de Chegho. Apud
Strivelin.
CCII.
Mandate by King David for payment of tithe to
the monks of Rind^lgros, A.D. 1147-1153.
Cartae Prioratas de May, No. 7.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Omnibus hominibus totius vicecomi-
tatus de Pert salutem.
Mando vobis et firmiter praecipio quatenus detis mona-
chis de Rindelgros decimas vestras in blado et caseo et
in rebus omnibus in quibus decimas dare debetis ne illas
super meam defensionem detineatis.
Testibus Duncano comite et Waltero cancellario. Apud
Scone.
1 64 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CCIIL
Charter by King David granting to the Abbey
of Dunfermline a toft in the burgh of Had-
dington, A.D. 1147-1153.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. u.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus
baronibus vicecomitibus praepositis ministris et omnibus
probis hominibus totius terrae suae salutem.
, Sciatis me pro salute animae meae et antecessorum
meorum abbati de Dunfermline et fratribus ibidem Deo
servientibus unum plenarium toftum in burgo meo de
Hadigtun dedisse libere et quiete ab omni consuetudine
et servitio sicut praedictus abbas tenet aliquod toftum
melius et liberius per burgam meam.
Testibus GG. episcopo de Dunkeld et Galtero cancel-
lario et Duncano comite et Thoro vicecomite et Alfwyno.
Apud Edenburg.
CCIV.
Charter by King David granting Ketlistoun to
the Abbey of Stirling, A.D. 1147-1153.
Chartulary of Cambuskenneth, No. 170.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus
baronibus et omnibus hominibus totius terrae suae salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et dedisse abbati de Striueling
et canonicis ibidem Deo servientibus pro salute animae
meae et antecessorum meorum, Ketlistoun per suas rectas
divisas in perpetuam elemosinam libere et quiete ab
omni seculari servitio sicut alias terras tenent quas de
me habent.
Testibus Waltero cancellario et Hugone de Moreuilla
et Dufoc vicecomite de Striueling et Alfwyno et Petro
clerico. Apud Kynross.
CCIIL— CCVI. 165
CCV.
Charter by King David granting to Nicolas, his
cleric, the right of forest in Pettinain,
A.D. 1147-1153.
Registr. de Dryburgh, No. 48.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus
justitiariis baronibus vicecomitibus praepositis ministris et
omnibus probis hominibus totius terrae suae salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse et hac mea carta con-
firmasse Nicholao clerico meo et successoribus ejus totum
nemus quod est infra divisas illius terrae quam Syrand
sacerdos tenuit de me ante eum in Paduenane in firmam
forestam et ideo prohibeo super forisfactum XL solidorum
ut nullus omnino venetur in eo aut aliquid ibi molestiae ei
vel successoribus ejus faciat nisi per licentiam et bene-
volentiam eorum.
Testibus . . .
CCVI.
Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, grant-
ing the church of Karreden to the Abbey of
Holyrood, circa A.D. 1148.
Charters of Holyrood, No. 9.
RODBERTUS Dei gratia humilis minister ecclesiae Sancti
Andreae, Omnibus sanctae matris ecclesiae filiis salutem
et episcopalem benedictionem.
Sciant omnes tarn praesentes quam futuri me dedisse et
praesentis cartae munimine confirmasse ecclesiae Sanctae
Crucis de Edenesburch et canonicis ibidem Deo servienti-
bus ecclesiam de Karreden cum duobus carrucatis terrae
et cum omnibus ad earn juste pertinentibus scilicet in
1 66 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
decimis in pratis in pascuis in molendinis et in omnibus
aliis rectitudinibus suis, ita libere et ex omni exactione
quietam sicut aliquam in tota diocesi nostra ecclesiam
liberius et quietius possident.
His testibus Gaufrido abbate de Dunfermelin, Alwredo
abbate de Striuelin, Rodberto priore de Sancto Andrea,
Samsone et Alano monachis Dunelmi, T. archidiacono,
Aiulfo decano, Gaufrido de Laswade, Magistro Andrea,
Adam et Ricardo capellanis episcopi, Gaufrido clerico,
Petro de Striuelin, et plenaria synodo.
CCVII.
Charter by King David to the monks of the Isle
of May granting the moiety of Ballegallin,
circa A.D. 1 150.
Cartae Prioratus de May, No. 3.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus justi-
tiariis baronibus vicecomitibus et omnibus hominibus
totius terrae suae salutem.
Sciant tarn posted quam praesentes me pro salute animae
meae dedisse et concessisse Deo et ecclesiae Omnium
Sanctorum de Mai et fratribus ibidem Deo servientibus
dimidium Balegallin sicut Gillecolm Mac chinbethin et
Machet Mac Torfin et Malmure Thein de Chellin eis
praedictam terram proiverunt libere et quiete ad tenendum
de me et de heredibus meis sicut ulla elemosina in terra
mea tenetur melius et liberius quamdiu conventus mona-
chorum in Mai fuerit.
Praeterea do eis et concedo communem pasturam in Sira
de Chellin et in Sira de Cherel et per totam terram meam
ita ne ullus pro pastura eos aut pecuniam eorum super
meum forisfactum laboret aut disturbet.
CCVL— CCIX. 167
Testibus Gregorio episcopo de Dunchelden et Andrea
episcopo de Cataneis et Willelmo Giffard et Dunecano
comite et Alwino filio Archil. Apud Dunfermelin.
CCVIII.
Mandate by King David to permit the monks of
Dunfermline to have material for building,
circa A.D. 1 150.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 21.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Vicecomitibus praepositis et omni-
bus ministris suis salutem.
Praecipio vobis quatenus ecclesiae Sanctae Trinitatis et
ad opus monachorum de Dunfermline permittatis habere
materiem in nemoribus meis ad omnia sua necessaria.
Testibus Andrea episcopo de Katenes et Waltero can-
cellario et Duncano comite. Apud Dunfermelyn.
CCIX.
Confirmation by King David of all the lands and
rights and privileges of the Abbey of Dunferm-
lin, circa A.D. 1 150.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 2.
IN nomine Sanctae Trinitatis, Ego David Dei gratia Rex
Scottorum auctoritate regia ac potestate, Henrici filii mei
assensu et Matildis Reginae uxoris meae, episcoporum
comitum baronumque regni mei confirmations et testi-
monio, clero etiam adquiescenteque populo, ecclesiae
Sanctae Trinitatis [de] Dunfermeline, praedecessorum
1 68 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
meorum pietatis studio et largitionis initiatae omnia sub-
scripta concedo et pace perpetua confirmo. Patris itaque
et matris meae dona subsequentia, propono, haec scilicet
Pardusin, Petnaurcha, Pettecorthin, Petbaclachin, Lauar,
Bolgin, Schiram de Kirkaladinit, Inveresc minorem.
Dona Duncat fratris mei, duas villas nomine Luschar.
Dona Eadgari fratris mei, Schiram de Gellald. Dona
Ethelredi fratris mei, Hales. Dona Alexandri Regis
fratris mei, Primros, Schiram de Gatemilc, Petconmarchin
Balcherin, Drumbernin, Keth. Dona Sibillae Reginae,
Beeth. Et haec praedicta praedecessorum meorum dona
concedo liberaliter praefatae ecclesiae in perpetuum cum
omnibus suis appendiciis et rectis divisis.
Dona denique propria subsequuntur, Dunfermelin citra
aquam in qua eadem ecclesia sita est, Kingoren cum
suis appendiciis qui propinquior est Dunfermelin, Foet,
Inveresc majorem et molendinum et piscinam et Smithetun
et Crefbarrin et ecclesiam de Infresc et Wymet cum suis
rectis divisis, Fotheros juxta Sanctum Andream cum suis
rectis divisis et Pethenach cum suis rectis divisis et unam
carrucatam terrae, Petioker.
Praeterea do et concedo assensu Henrici comitis filii mei
pro salute animarum nostrarum et antecessorum nostrorum
in perpetuam elemosinam Nithbren cum suis appendiciis et
Belacristin cum suis rectis divisis in pratis et pascuis
excepta rectitudine quam keledei habere debent, cum
omnibus rebus ad eas juste pertinentibus, sicut datae
fuerunt praedictae ecclesiae in dotem die qua dedicata
fuit. Praeterea do eidem ecclesiae unam mansuram in
Berwich aliam in Rokesburc aliam in burgo de Hading-
tun aliam in Edenburg aliam in Linlithcu aliam in burgo
de Striuelin et in eadem villa duas ecclesias et unam
carrucatam terrae quae adjacet ipsi ecclesiae et omnem
decimam meorum dominiorum in frugibus et in animali-
bus et in piscibus de propriis retibus et etiam in denariis
et decimam mei can totius castrensis provinciae et man-
CCIX. 169
siones Rogii presbiteri, ita plene sicut ipse sanus et
incolumis tenuit, et unum rete et dimidium et unam
mansionem in burgo Dunfermelin liberam et quietam et
omnem decimationem denariorum firmae burgi et decima-
tionem molendini et de omnibus dominiis meis de Dun-
fermelin et unam mansionem in burgo de Pert et ecclesiam
ejusdem villae et unam mansionem quae pertinet ipsi
ecclesiae et omnem decimam de dominio meo.
Omnia autem dona praedicta ita liberaliter et quiete
praefatae ecclesiae concede, sicut ego terras meas proprias
possideo, defensione regni mei excepta et regali justitia si
abbas in curia sua aliqua negligentia de justitia deciderit.
Concede et omnem octavam partem de omnibus placitis
et lucris meis de Fif et de Fotherif et omnem decimam
totius mei can et brasei de Fif et de Fotherif exceptis
rectitudinibus quae abbatiae Dunkeldensi pertinent, et
decimam omnium venationum quae capiuntur inter Lam-
bremor et Tay et medietatem coriorum et seporum et
sagiminis omnium bestiarum quae occidentur ad festivitates
tenendas in Striuelin et inter Forth et Tay. Concede
et ut habeant in nemoribus meis omnia necessaria
ad ignem et ad aedificia sua sicut mihi ipsi et hominibus
eorum sicut et meis.
Volo denique ut omnes oblationes quae ad majus
altare ejusdem ecclesiae offerentur sine calumpnia liber-
aliter habeant et de selichis qui ad Kingorne capientur
postquam decimati fuerint, concede ut omnes septimos
selichis habeant. Salis et ferri quod ad opus meum
ad Dunfermelin allata fuerint omnem decimam concedo.
Praeterea pater meus et mater mea dederunt ecclesiae
Sanctae Trinitatis parochiam totam Fothrif et sic con-
cedo, denique do et concedo in elemosinam in perpetuum
ecclesiae Sanctae Trinitatis tractum de Aldestelle et
omne quod juste ei pertinet tractus isti datus est
scilicet in Berwich liber et quietus. Praeter haec et
prohibeo ne aliquod namum capiatur super terram vel
1 70 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
super homines Sanctae Trinitatis pro forisfacto alicujus
nisi pro proprio forisfacto illorum. Concedo et quod juste
reddantur ecclesiae S. Trinitatis omnes servi sui quos pater
meus et mater mea et fratres mei ei dederunt et omnes
sui cumerlache a tempore Edgari Regis usque nunc cum
tota pecunia sua ubicunque inveniantur et prohibeo super
meum forisfactum ne injuste retineantur. Concedo abbati
et monachis ut habeant omnes homines cum omni pecunia
eorum in cujuscumque terra fuerint, qui fuerunt in terris
die qua oblatae et datae ecclesiae Sanctae Trinitatis
fuerunt.
Concedo praefatae ecclesiae decimam de omnibus meis
[silvestribus] equabus de Fif et de Fotherif. Concedo
abbati et monachis ut habeant per totam terram meam
theloneum quietum de cunctis rebus quas mercati fuerint
ad propria eorum necessaria. Praeter ista supradicta dono
et concede abbati et monachis ut habeant singulis annis
V marcas argenti ad vestimenta eorum de primis navibus
quae venient ad Striuelin vel ad Pert.
Concedo et ecclesiae Sanctae Trinitatis passagium et
navem de Inverkethin, sicut habui in meo dominio et tali
conditione quod peregrinantes et nuntii ad me venientes
et a me redeuntes et homines curiae meae et filii mei
transeant in eadem navi sine pretio. Et si contingat
aliqui istorum sine pretio transire non posse et abbas
inde clamorem audierit et illud non emendaverit ut ego
ipse illud emendare sine abbatis et fratrum ecclesiae
molestia possim.
Concedo et volo quatenus abbas vel monachi ecclesiae
Sanctae Trinitatis non respondeant alicui calumpnianti de
hominibus qui fuerunt in terris die qua oblatae et datae
fuerunt ecclesiae Sanctae Trinitatis. Concedo et ecclesiae
Sanctae Trinitatis decimam totius mei can de Clamanan.
Abbas et monachi ecclesiae Sanctae Trinitatis citra Lambre-
mor in tota regia potestate singulis sabbatis in curia habent
unum corium et in sexto sabbato habent duo coria et
rltioo r"\Of4
CCIX. 171
duas partes de sepo et sextam pellem arietum et agnorum.
Et concede eidem ecclesiae dimidiam partem decimi mei
de Ergaithel et de Kentir, eo scilicet anno quum ego ipse
unde recepero can. Supra taxatam autem ecclesiam cum
omnibus quae Dei dante dementia in praesenti sicut praesens
testatur privilegium et obtinet et in future eadem adquirere
dementia valebit, in summae pacis tranquilitate et ab omni
liberrima tarn secularis quam ecclesiasticae potestatis sub-
jectione et exactionis inquietudine permanere decernimus
excepta sola et canonica obedentia quae debet unaquaque
matris suae per orbem ecclesia. Concedo et praenominatae
ecclesiae quandam piscaturam apud Pert ita libere et
quiete sicut meas ibi habeo. Cujus et jura in hoc
privilegio praenotata et dignitatis privilegia inmutilata
servare et stabilitate perpetua firmare, nos vero praesentes
sumus successoribus nostris sub hac conditione confir-
mando mandamus et mandando confirmamus ut siquis ea
perturbare voluerit et nostrae defensionis statuta divellere
imminuere ac violare contenderit, non ignoret se contra
ipsum mundi Salvatorem niti et ideo nisi resipuerit
aeternae dampnationis sententiam incurrere eumque
Dominus de libro vitae deleat qui ecclesiae praefatae de
concessae potestatis jure aliquod abstulerit.
Amen. Fiat, Fiat.
X Ego Rodbertus Sancti Andreae episcopus confirmo.
X Ego GG. Dunkeldensis episcopus confirmo.
X Ego Andreas Katinensis episcopus confirmo.
Hujus et privilegii testes et assertores sunt Walterus
cancellarius, Duncanus comes, Hugo de Morevilla, Walterus
de Lyndesei, Robertus Avenel, Walterus Ridel, Herbertus
camerarius, Nicholaus clericus, Alwynus films Arkil, Ewen
marescallus, Gillecolmus Mac Chimpethin, Macbeth Mac
Torfin, Mereuin films Colbain.
i;2 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CCX.
Charter by King David declaring the canons of
Stirling to be free of toll and customs,
circa A.D. 1 150.
Chartulary of Cambuskenneth, No. 215.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Justitiis baronibus vice-
comitibus praepositis et omnibus probis hominibus suis
futuris quam praesentibus totius terrae suae salutem.
Praecipio quod canonici de Striueling et eorum dominici
homines sint quieti de tholoneo et de omnibus recti-
tudinibus et consuetudinibus ubicunque venerint in tota
terra mea.
Volo etiam et firmiter praecipio quatenus juste habeant
meam firmam pacem ubicunque inter vos fuerint vel
venerint.
Testibus Herberto camerario et Randulfo de Sulis.
Apud Chinross.
CCXI.
Confirmation by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
of the grants by Hugo de Moreville and Beatrix
de Bello Campo to the Abbey of Dryburgh,
circa A.D. 1 1 50.
Registr. de Dryburgh, No. 14.
ROBERTUS Dei gratia Sancti Andreae episcopus, Omnibus
Dei fidelibus salutem.
Sciatis me canonice religionis intuitu ecclesiam Sanctae
Mariae de Dryburgh quam Hugo de Moravilla fundavit
et canonicos ibidem Deo servientes in plena et Sancti
Andreae et mea benedictione recepisse et quantum ad
CCX.— CCXII. 173
episcopum pertinet concessisse et per hanc meam cartam
ad ejusdem Hugonis petitionem confirmasse omnes ele-
mosinas et donationes quas ipse et Beatrix de Bello
Campo sponsa ejus ad eorum sustentationem assignaverunt
et dederunt in liberam et perpetuam elemosinam pro
salute animarum suarum scilicet ipsum locum et terram
et aquas et piscationes adjacentes et ecclesias terrarum
suarum in episcopatu meo quando personae decesserint qui
modo eos tenent et omnia alia beneficia quae eisdem
fratribus contulerunt sicut in eorum cartis continetur.
Quare vobis et eisdem concede et confirmo ut has
elemosinas perpetuo libere et quiete et plenarie teneant
et possideant sicut aliqua domus religionis aliquam elemo-
sinam liberius et quietius in episcopatu Sancti Andreae
tenet et possidet salvo jure episcopali.
Testibus, etc.
CCXII.
Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, re-
garding the chapel of Newton, circa A.D. 1150.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
ROBERTUS Dei gratia Sancti Andreae episcopus, Universis
sanctae matris ecclesiae filiis qui in diocesi sua sunt
salutem et episcopalem benedictionem.
Sciatis quia haec conventio facta est inter matrem
ecclesiam de Hedenham et capellam de Neuetun coram
me et Hugone constabulario scilicet quod ipsa mater
ecclesia debet habere omnes decimas suas et universas
rectitudines de Neutun et quod monachi de Coldigham
quorum est ipsa mater ecclesia, faciant cantari missam
apud capellam tribus diebus septimanae et in Natali Domini
et Purificatione in diebus Tenebrarum et in Pasca in
Rogationibus et in die Sancti Cuthberti veniant ad matrem
ecclesiam suam. Quod si homines de Neutun quicquam
174 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
forisfecerint de decimis sive de aliis rectitudinibus contra
matrem ecclesiam suam causa hujus capellae cesset
divinum officium ab ipsa capella donee matris ecclesiae
suae fuerit reconciliata.
Testibus Turoldo archid., Aulfo capellano et Radulfo
capellano et Suano et Goscelino presbiteris et Roberto
clerico.
CCXIII.
Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, regard-
ing Ederham and Nesbit, A.D. 1150.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
OMNIBUS sanctae matris ecclesiae fidelibus clericis et laicis
tarn praesentibus quarn futuris, Rodbertus Dei gratia Sancti
Andreae episcopus salutem.
Notum sit omnibus quod nos concessimus et quantum
ad episcopalem auctoritatem pertinet praesentis cartae
attestatione et munimine confirmavimus donationem illam
quam Gospatricus frater Dolfini concessit et dedit in
perpetuam elemosinam Deo et Sancto Cuthberto et
monachis ipsius, scilicet Hederham cum ecclesia et villa
quae dicitur Nesbit cum aquis pratis pascuis et molendinis
et omnibus aliis rebus quae ad easdem villas pertinent
sicut carta Regis et carta Gospatrici testantur. Notum
quoque sit vobis omnibus quod nos episcopali auctoritate
et praesentis cartae munimine concessimus et confirma-
vimus Deo et Sancto Cuthberto et monachis ipsius,
ecclesiam de Swintun et ecclesiam de Fiswic in per-
petuam elemosinam et hoc fecimus prece et consilio
venerabilium fratrum nostrorum Rodberti prioris Sancti
Andreae, Thomae prioris de Scona, Osberti prioris de
Gedewrtha, Osberti prioris de Sancta Cruce, Adae capellani
regis de Rochesburh & multorum aliorum nobiscum resi-
dentium in synodo quae sedit apud Berwic VIIJ kal.
Novembris anno ab incarnatione Domini M°.C°.L°.
CCXII.— CCXV. 175
CCXIV.
Grant by Thor to the Abbey of Holy rood of the
church of Tranent, circa A.D. 1150.
Charters of Holy rood, No. II.
THORUS filius Swani, Omnibus amicis suis et dominis
salutem.
Sciant tarn posted quam praesentes me consilio et con-
cessu heredum meorum dedisse et concessisse pro salute
animae meae et antecessorum meorum in perpetuam elemo-
sinam Deo et ecclesiae S. Crucis de Edenesburc et fratribus
ibidem Deo servientibus totum illud donationis quod vide-
bar habere in ecclesia de Treuernent in terris et pascuis
et decimis, libere et quiete ab omni seculari dominatione
et exactione et praeter ilia quae antecessores mei praedictae
ecclesiae de Treuernent contulerunt do et concede et per
praesentem cartam confirmo praedictae ecclesiae duas
domes cum duabus toftis praedictis canonicis cum praefata
ecclesia in perpetuam elemosinam confirmatas, filiis meis
mecum praedicta omnia concedentibus et confirmantibus.
His testibus Willelmo Morauensi episcopo, Osberno
abbate de Jaddeuurd, Thor. arch., Aiolf. decano, Nicholao
clerico regis, Neis filio Chiluni,^Edmundo filio Forn, Bernardo
filio Tocce, Gilandrea ejus dapifero, yEdmundo de Fazeside,
Alden.
CCXV.
Charter by Hugo de Moreville granting the church
of Worgis to the church of St. Mary at
Dryburgh, circa A.D. 1150.
Registr. de Dryburgh, No. 68.
HUGO de Morevilla, Omnibus amicis suis et hominibus
probis suis tam futuris quam praesentibus salutem.
1 76 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Sciatis me dedisse et hac mea carta confirmasse Deo
et ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae de Driburgh et fratribus
ibidem Deo servientibus pro anima patris mei et pro
salute animae meae, ecclesiam de Worgis cum omnibus
pertinentiis suis in perpetuam elemosinam ita libere et
quiete sicut aliqua elemosina potest liberius et quietius
concedi et teneri.
Testibus, etc.
CCXVI.
Charter by Hugo de Moreville granting half a
ploughgate of land in Newtoun to the church
of St. Mary at Dryburgh, circa A.D. 1150.
Registr. de Dryburgh, No. 201.
OMNIBUS Christi, etc., Hugo de Morevill salutem.
Noverit universitas vestra me dedisse et concessisse et
praesenti carta mea confirmasse Deo et Sanctae Mariae
de Driburgh et canonicis ibidem Deo servientibus pro
salute animae meae et praedecessorum meorum dimidiam
carrucatam terrae in territorio de Newtoun scilicet quam
Willelmus senescallus meus tenuit ab occidentali parte
de Derestrete in longum et latum juxta metas et divisas
de Thirlestan quae coram abbate de Driburgh et me et
probis hominibus factae sunt, in puram et perpetuam
elemosinam, tenendam liberam et quietam a multura et
ab omni consuetudine firma et servitio seculari cum com-
muni pastura quatuor bobus et uno caballo cum hominibus
de Newtoun. Ego autem et heredes mei warantizabimus
praedictis canonicis praedictam terram contra omnes
homines et ad hanc cartam perpetuis temporibus robor-
andam episcopi de Sancto Andrea et de Glasgu rogatu
meo et voluntate sigilla sua cum meo apposuerunt.
Testibus, etc.
CCXV.— CCXVIII. 177
CCXVII.
Confirmation by Earl Henry of the grants by Hugo
de Moreville and Beatrix de Bello Campo to the
Abbey of Dryburgh, circa A.D. 1150.
Registr. de Dryburgh, No. 15.
HENRICUS Comes Northumbriae, Episcopis abbatibus
baronibus vicecomitibus ministris et omnibus probis suis
hominibus Franciae et Angliae tarn futuris quam prae-
sentibus salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et per hanc cartam meam con-
firmasse donationes elemosinae de Dryburgh quas Hugo
de Morevilla et Beatrix de Bello Campo dederunt Deo et
Sanctae Mariae et fratribus ibidem Deo servientibus sicut
carta eorum testatur et concedit.
Testibus, etc.
CCXVIII.
Charter by King David granting to the Abbey
of Dryburgh the church of Lanark, and the
church and a ploughgate of land in Pettinain,
circa A.D. 1 1 50.
Registr. de Dryburgh, Nos. 43 and 209.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus
justitiariis baronibus vicecomitibus ministris et omnibus
hominibus totius terrae suae Francis Anglis et Scottis
et Galwensibus salutem.
Sciant tarn posted quam praesentes me concessisse et
dedisse et hac mea carta confirmasse ecclesiae Sanctae
Mariae de Dryburgh et fratribus canonicis ibidem Deo
servientibus ad tenendum de me et heredibus meis in
liberam et perpetuam elemosinam ecclesiam de Lanark
cum terris et decimis et omnibus rebus juste ad illam
1 78 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
pertinentibus et ecclesiam de Pedynnane cum omnibus
suis pertinentiis et in eadem villa illam carrucatam terrae
quam Nicholaus clericus meus de me habuit et tenuit
ita libere et quiete ab omni seculari exactione et con-
suetudine eisdem fratribus perpetuo possidendas sicut
aliqua ecclesia terrae meae elemosinas melius et quietius
tenet et possidet ita tamen quod in ecclesiis illis omcium
divinum honeste fiat.
Testibus, etc.
CCXIX.
Charter by Beatrix de Bello Campo granting the
church of Bosyete to the church and canons
of Dry burgh, circa A.D. 1150.
Registr. de Dryburgh, No. 93.
DOMINO suo David Regi Scotiae et omnibus heredibus
suis et Ricardo de Morevilla filio suo et omnibus heredibus
suis et cunctis fidelibus, B. de Bello Campo salutem.
Sciant me dedisse et concessisse Deo et ecclesiae Sanctae
Mariae de Driburgh et canonicis ibidem Deo servientibus
ecclesiam de Bosyete meae liberae dotis cum omnibus
pertinentiis suis in perpetuam elemosinam ita libere et
quiete sicut aliqua elemosina potest liberius et quietius
concedi et teneri pro amore Dei et in remissionem pec-
catorum meorum.
Testibus, etc.
CCXX.
Charter by King David granting to the church of
St. Kentigern at Glasgow the church of
Cadihou, circa A.D. 1150.
Registr. Epis. Glasguen., No. 8.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus baroni-
bus justitiariis vicecomitibus praepositis ministris et
omnibus probis hominibus totius terrae suae salutem.
CCXVIIL— CCXXII. 179
Sciatis me concessisse et in perpetuam elemosinam
dedisse ecclesiae Sancti Kentegerni de Glesgu et episcopo
ejusdem ecclesiae, ecclesiam de Cadihou sicut elemosina
dari potest melius et liberius, Henrico comite concedente
et assensum praebente.
Testibus Ernaldo abbate de Chelgho et Waltero can-
cellario et Hugone de Moreuilla et Herberto camerario et
Galtero filio Alani et Thoma Lundoniarum et Waltero de
Lindeseai et W. de Lindeseai et Waltero de Ridale.
Apud Striuelin.
CCXXI.
Charter by King David granting Hoctor comon to
Andrew, Bishop of Caithness, circa A.D. 1150.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 24.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Omnibus probis hominibus totius
terrae suae salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse A. episcopo de Katenes
Hoctor comon liberam et quietam ab omni servitio excepto
communi exercitu.
Testibus GG. episcopo Dunkeld, Dune, comite, Gillan-
dres de Scona, Alwyn Mac Archil. Apud Scona.
CCXXII.
Charter by King David granting lands to Walter
de Riddale, circa A.D. 1150.
Denmilne Coll. Adv. Lib., 15. i. 18, p. 76.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus justitiariis
baronibus vicecomitibus praepositis ministris et omnibus
hominibus totius terrae suae Francis et Anglis, etc.,
salutem.
1 8o EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Sciatis tarn posted quam praesentes me dedisse et
concessisse Waltero de Riddale, Whitimes et dimidium
Eschetho et Lilislive per suas rectas divisas cum omnibus
appendiciis suis juste ad eas pertinentibus in nemore piano
pratis pascuis et aquis et stalungiis quae sunt ab occidente
de Richeldoun, sibi et heredibus suis ad tenendum de me
et heredibus meis in feudo et hereditate libere per servitium
unius militis sicut unus baronum meorum vicinorum
suorum qui libere tenet feudum suum melius et liberius
habet et tenet. Et si ego et heredes mei Waltero vel
heredibus suis praedictas terras propter justam alicujus
calumniam warantizare non poterimus ego et heredes mei
ei et heredibus suis excambium ad valentiam ad suum
rationabile . . . dabimus.
Testibus, Andrea episcopo de Catnes, Waltero filio Alani
et Waltero de Lindesai et David Vinet et Nicholaio clerico
et Ricardo de Morevilla et Alexandro Setone et Alexandro
de Sancto Martino. Apud Scone.
CCXXIII.
Protection by King David to the clerics of Deer,
circa A.D. 1 150.
Book of Deer.
DAVID Rex Scottorum omnibus probis hominibus suis
salute[m].
Sciatis quod clerici de Der sunt quieti et immunes ab
omni laicorum officio et exactione indebita, sicut in libro
eorum scriptum est et dirationaverunt apud Banb et jura-
verunt apud Aberdon. Quapropter firmiter praecipio ut
nullus eis aut eorum catellis aliquam injuriam inferre
praesumat.
Teste Gregorio episcopo de Duncallden.
Teste Andrea episcopo de Cat'.
Teste Samsone episcopo de Brechin.
CCXXIL— CCXXIV. 181
Teste Donchado comite de Fib et Malmori d'Athotla
et Ggillebrite comite d'Engus et Ghgillcomded Mac
Aed et Brocin et Cormac de Turbrud et Adam Mac
Ferdomnac et Gillendrias Mac Matni. Apud Abberdeon.
CCXXIV.
Charter by King David granting Nithbren and
Balcristin to the Abbey of Dunfermline,
circa A.D. 1150.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 3.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus
vicecomitibus baronibus praepositis ministris et omni-
bus probis hominibus totius terrae suae Francis Anglicis
et Scottis salutem.
Sciatis me et Henricum comitem filium meum pro
salute animarum nostrarum et antecessorum nostrorum
in perpetuam elemosinam dedisse et concessisse ecclesiae
Sanctae Trinitatis de Dunfermelin et abbati et fratribus
ibidem Deo servientibus, villam de Nithbren cum suis
appendiciis et Balcristin cum suis rectis divisis in pratis
et pascuis excepta rectitudine quam cheledei habere
debent, cum omnibus rebus juste ad eas pertinentibus
sicut datae fuerunt praedictae ecclesiae in dotem die qua
dedicata fuit, libere et quiete ab omni consuetudine et
servitio sicut aliqua domus religionis terrae nostrae
tenet aliquam terrain melius et liberius.
Testibus Roberto episcopo de Sancto Andrea, Herberto
episcopo de Glescu, et GG. episcopo de Duncheld, et Andrea
episcopo de Katenes, et Edwardo episcopo de Aberdon,
et Symeone episcopo de Ros, et Arnaldo abbate de Kelch.,
et Alwyno abbate de Edenb., et Willo. abbate de Struelin et
Duncano comite, et Garuad comite, et Morgrund comite et
Leod abbate de Breichin et Waltero filio Alani et Galtero
1 82 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
cancellario regis et Herberto camerario, et Galtero de
Lyndesei, et Roberto Auenel, et Alwyno filio Archil, et
Ewaein Marescall, et Gilcolm mac chimbethin. Apud
Dunfermelin.
CCXXV.
Charter by King David granting the church of
Forgrund to the canons of St. Andrews,
circa A.D. 1 1 50.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, R. episcopo Sancti
Andreae et omnibus episcopis abbatibus comitibus baroni-
bus vicecomitibus ministris et omnibus probis hominibus
suis et fidelibus totius regni sui salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Deo et ecclesiae Sancti
Andreae Apostoli et canonicis ibidem Deo servientibus
et servituris in perpetuam elemosinam ecclesiam de Fore-
grund cum decimis et consuetudinibus et rectitudinibus
omnibus ecclesiae pertinentibus de toto dominio meo et
de omnibus hominibus meis de Foregrund et de Foregrund
seihire pro salute mea et Henrici filii mei et pro animabus
patris mei et matris meae et omnium antecessorum et suc-
cessorum nostrorum et unam plenariam toftam ad hospi-
tandum presbyterum ipsius ecclesiae et volo et praecipio
ut bene et in pace et quiete et libere et honorifice teneant
sicut aliqua elemosinarum mearum quietior et liberior est.
Testibus Roberto episcopo Sancti Andreae et Edwardo
episcopo de Aberden. et Gr. episcopo de Dunech. et
Andrea episcopo de Cathen. et Waltero cancellario et
Nicholao clerico et Matheo archidiacono et Dunecano
comite et Hugo de Moreuilla et Waltero de Lindeseai
et Willelmo de Lindeseai et Roberto Auenel et Waltero
de Ridal et Led. abbate et Alfuin filio Archil. Apud
Sconam.
CCXXIV.— CCXXVII. 183
CCXXVI.
Charter by King David granting to the Priory of
St. Andrew's a toft in Berwick.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Omnibus probis hominibus totius
regni sui salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse Sancto Andreae et priori Sancti
Andreae et canonicis ecclesiae Sancti Andreae famulantibus
quandam plenariam toftam in Berewic in perpetuam
elemosinam liberam et quietam ab omni servitio et con-
suetudine sicut aliqua elemosina in tota terra mea est
liberior et quietior et homines in eadem tofta manentes
quieti et liberi sint ab omni exactione et consuetudine et
teloneo et omnibus aliis rebus sicut alii burgenses sunt de
aliis elemosinis meis.
Teste Eadward epo. de Aberden, Willelmo epo. de
Morheuia, Andrea epo. de Katen., Will, abbate de Sancta
Cruce, Alwred abbate de Striuelin, Osberto priore de
Jedwortha, Waltero cancellario, Herberto camerario,
Nicholao clerico. Apud Sanctum Andream.
CCXXVII
Charter by King David granting to the church of
St. Andrew's a toft in the burgh of Haddington.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Episcopo Sancti
Andreae et vicecomiti et omnibus baronibus et probis
hominibus suis de Laudonio salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse in perpetuam ele-
mosinam Deo et ecclesiae Sancti Andreae et canonicis
ibidem Deo servientibus unam plenariam toftam in burgo
1 84 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
de Hadintona pro salute mea et filii mei et pro animabus
patris et matris meae et praedecessorum et successorum
meorum et volo ut bene et in pace et quiete et honorifice
earn tenant sicut aliqua tofta de elemosina mea in burgis
meis liberior et quietior est.
Teste Roberto epo. Sancti Andreae et G. epo. de
Dunkeld et A. epo. de Katenes et Waltero et Lyed
abbate. Apud Sconam.
CCXXVIII.
Confirmation by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, of
the grants to the Abbey of Dunfermline by
Earl Duncan and by Elwyn Renner and his
wife, circa A.D. 1150.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 91.
ROBERTUS Dei gratia Sancti Andreae episcopus, Omni-
bus sanctae matris ecclesiae filiis salutem.
Sciant universi nos concessisse et praesenti carta con-
firmasse ecclesiae Sanctae Trinitatis de Dunfermelyn et
abbati et monachis ibidem Deo servientibus ecclesiam
de Kaledure Comitis quam Comes Duncanus praedictae
ecclesiae in perpetuam elemosinam dedit et ecclesiam de
Neutun similiter quam Elwynus Renner et Ede uxor
ejus eidem ecclesiae in elemosinam perpetuam dederunt
cum omnibus eisdem ecclesiis adjacentibus ita libere et
quiete sicut aliqua ecclesia liberius et quietius in diocesi
nostra ecclesias suas possidet. Volumus itaque et praecipi-
mus quatenus eos libere teneant et absque omni
exactione salvo jure episcopali quiete possideant.
Testibus his T. arch., M. arch., A. decano, Suano
presbytero, Magistro Andrea, Nigello capellano, G. de
Lesswade, Magro. Herberto, A. de Dunbar, S. priore de
Coldigham, W. monach. de Kelch., Johanne nepote
episcopi et Radulpho.
CCXXVIL— CCXXX. 185
CCXXIX.
Charter by King David granting to the Abbot of
Kelso the church of Selkirk, circa A.D. 1150.
Liber de Calchou, No. 373.
DAVID Dei gratia Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus
comitibus baronibus justitiis vicecomitibus ministris et
omnibus probis hominibus totius terrae suae Francis
Anglicis et Scottis salutem.
Sciant tarn poster! quam praesentes me dedisse et
concessisse Ernaldo abbati de Kelchou et successoribus
suis scilicet ejusdem ecclesiae abbatibus in perpetuam
elemosinam ecclesiam de Seleschirche ita libere et quiete
sicut elemosina debet dari et concedi ita scilicet quod
praedicti abbates sint capellani mei et filii mei et suc-
cessorum meorum de praedicta ecclesia.
Testibus Henrico filio meo, Gaufrido abbate de Dun-
fermeline, Hugone de Morevilla, W. de Bidun cancellario,
Willelmode Lyndesei, Waltero filio Alani, Nicholao clerico.
Apud Edenburge.
CCXXX.
Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
granting the church of Lohworuora to Her-
bert, Bishop of Glasgow, circa A.D. 1150.
Registr. Epis. Glasguen., No. u.
ROBERTUS Dei gratia Episcopus Sancti Andreae, Omnibus
sanctae matris ecclesiae filiis salutem.
Sciant praesentes et futuri nos concessisse et per libram
saisisse Herbertum Glasguensem episcopum de ecclesia
de Lohworuora sicut de possessione Glasguensis ecclesiae.
1 86 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Praesentibus et assensum praestantibus David illustri
Scottorum Rege et Henrico filio ejus, ita ut ecclesia
Sancti Andreae habeat omnes consuetudines episcopales
in ecclesia de Lohworuara sicut in ceteris ecclesiis
Laudoniae a priore de Scona, quern tradente nobis
praefato Herberto episcopo in ... ejusdem ecclesiae sus-
cepimus.
Praesentibus et his testibus Gregorio Dunchelden.
episcopo, Andrea Chatan. episcopo, Gaufrido abbate
de Dunfermelin, Ernaldo abbate de Calceho, Alfwino
abbate de Sancta Cruce, Willelmo abbate de Striuelin,
Roberto priore de Sancto Andreae, Osberto priore de
Sancta Cruce, Thoma priore Scone, Thor archidia-
cono, Ascelino archidiacono, Eyolfo decano, Waltero
cancellario regis, Ingelleran cancellario comitis, Magis-
tro Laurentio, Jordane Heyrun, Waltero capellano
de Lillesclive, Nicholao clerico, Thoma de Linnithuc,
Dunecan comite, Hugone de Moreuilla, Willelmo de
Sumervilla, Cospatrico filio Waltheof, Waltero de
Lindeseai, Willelmo fratre ejus, Bernardo de Boilond,
Willelmo de Vesci, Odenel de Unfranuilla, Waltero de
Bolebech, Alfwino Rennere, Eadwardo constabulario,
Thor filio Suein, Willelmo de Graham, Arturo Finboga,
Rogero nepote episcopi Sancti Andreae, Uhtred filio
Fergus, Radulfo filio Dunegal, Duuenald fratre ejus,
Baldewino flam., Hug. filio Fresechin.
CCXXXI.
Charter by King David granting a toft in the
burgh of Haddington to the monks of May.
Chartulary of the Abbey of Reading.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Praepositis ministris et omnibus
probis hominibus totius terrae suae salutem.
Sciatis me in elemosinam fratribus de Mai unam
CCXXX.— CCXXXIII. 1 87
plenariam toftam in burgo meo de Hadintune dedisse
libere et quiete ab omni consuetudine et servitio.
Testibus Andrea episcopo de Cateneis, Gaufredo abbate
de Dunfermlin et multis aliis.
CCXXXII.
Charter by King David granting the Island of Loch
Leven to the canons of St. Andrews, with liberty
to expel those Keledei who refuse to become
canons regular, circa A.D. 1150.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus vice-
comitibus et omnibus probis hominibus totius terrae suae
salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et dedisse canonicis Sancti
Andreae, insulam de Lochleuen ut ipsi ibi instituant
ordinem canonicalem et -Keledei qui ibidem inventi
fuerint si regulariter vivere voluerint in pace cum eis
et sub eis maneant et si quis illorum ad hoc resistere
voluerit volo et praecipio ut ab insula ejiciatur.
Testibus Roberto episcopo Sancti Andreae, Andrea
episcopo de Katen., Waltero cancellario, Nicholao clerico,
Hugone de Moreuill, Waltero filio Alani. Apud Berwic.
CCXXXIII.
Mandate by King David to the canons of St.
Andrews to receive the Keledei of Kilrimont
as canons, circa A.D. 1150.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus vice-
comitibus et omnibus sanctae ecclesiae filiis salutem.
1 88 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse priori et canonicis
ecclesiae Beati Andreae Apostoli ut recipiant Kelledeos
de Kilrimont in canonicos secum cum omnibus pos-
sessionibus et redditibus suis si voluerint canonici fieri
et si noluerint canonicari hi qui nunc vivunt habeant
et teneant possessiones suas in vita sua et post obitum
illorum instituantur loco eorum tot canonici in ecclesia
Sancti Andreae quot sint Kelledei ut omnia praedia et
omnes terrae et elemosinae eorum quas habent convertan-
tur in usus canonicorum praedictae ecclesiae in perpetuam
liberam et quietam elemosinam sicut liberius et quietius
tenet aliqua ecclesia in regno meo.
Testibus A. episcopo de Katen., W. abbate Struelin,
W. cancellario, Nicholao clerico, Hugo de Moreuille,
W. fil. .
CCXXXIV.
Charter by King David granting Vithemer to the
Abbey of Kelso, circa A.D. 1150.
Liber de Calchou, No. 374.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus
justitiis baronibus vicecomitibus ministris et omnibus
probis hominibus totius terrae suae salutem.
Sciatis omnes me concessisse ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae
et Sancti Johannis de Chalchehoh et abbati ac monachis
ibidem Deo famulantibus villam Vithemer nomine per
suas rectas divisas liberam et quietam ab omni servitio
et consuetudine seculari in liberam et perpetuam ele-
mosinam sicut aliqua abbatia in tota terra mea elemosinas
suas liberius melius et quietius tenet et possidet
Testibus Osberto priore de Jeddeworthe, Waltero can-
cellario, Hugone de Moreuilla, Waltero filio Alani,
Roberto Auenel, Waltero de Ridal. Apud Rochesburce.
CCXXXIIL— CCXXXVI. 1 89
ccxxxv.
Charter by King David granting the church of
Clackmanan, etc., to the Abbey of Stirling,
circa A.D. 1 150.
Chartulary of Cambuskenneth, No. 57.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Omnibus probis hominibus totius
terrae suae clericis et laicis salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et hac mea carta confirmasse
abbati de Striuelin et canonicis ibidem Deo servientibus
ecclesiam de Clacmanan cum quadraginta acris terrae
et toftum sacerdotis in eadem villa et aisiamenta in
bosco et piano et decimas omnium placitorum et lucro-
rum meorum de Striueling et de Striuelinschire et de
Kalenter et unum toftum in burgo meo de Striuelin
et aliud toftum in Linlidcu in perpetuam elemosinam
ita libere et quiete ab omni seculari servitio ut aliqua
elemosina melius et liberius in regno meo tenetur.
Testibus Willelmo Moraviensi episcopo et Hugone
de Moreuilla, Waltero filio Alani, Adam de Rogesburg,
Nicolao clerico, Waltero cancellario, Johanne capellano.
Apud Striuelin.
CCXXXVI.
Mandate by Earl Henry not to molest the monks
of Coldingham in the enjoyment of lands in
Berwickshire which Swain had restored to them,
circa A.D. 1 150.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
HENRICUS comes films regis Scotiae, Episcopis abbatibus
prioribus comitibus baronibus justitiis vicecomitibus minis-
tris et omnibus probis hominibus regni Scotiae salutem.
190 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Notum sit vobis omnibus Swaen presbyterum coram
me et in mea praesentia quietas clamasse monachis de
Coldingham et illis reddidisse apud Berewihc, Fiswihc
cum omnibus ad illam pertinentibus in terris et aquis
et dimidiam Prenderghest et terram quae habuit in
Coldingham et Lummesdene.
Volo itaque quatenus praedicti Swen omni vexatione
remota terras suas praenominatas teneant et in pace
possideant.
Testibus Cancellario Hingelramo et Willelmo de
Sumerville.
CCXXXVII.
Charter by King David granting Caddysleya to
the Abbey of Dryburgh, A.D. 1150-1152.
Registr. de Dryburgh, No. 109.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Abbatibus comitibus baronibus
justitiariis vicecomitibus ministris episcopis et omnibus
probis hominibus totius regni sui salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse ecclesiae Sanctae
Mariae de Driburgh, landam illam qua vocatur Caddys-
leya cum . . . infra forestam meam circumquaque
pro salute animae meae et filii mei Henrici et animabus
antecessorum et successorum meorum in perpetuam
elemosinam liberam et quietam. Quare volo et praecipio
quod praefata ecclesia et canonici ibidem Deo famulantes
teneant earn libere et quiete sicut aliqua ecclesia totius
regni mei aliquam elemosinam liberius et quietius tenet
et habet.
CCXXXVI.— CCXXXIX. 1 9 1
CCXXXVIII.
Charter by Beatrix de Bello Campo granting a land
in Roxburgh, etc., to the church of Dryburgh,
A.D. 1150-1152.
Registr. de Dryburgh, No. 143.
DOMINO suo David Regi Scotiae et omnibus heredibus
suis Rpcardo] de Morevilla filio suo et omnibus heredibus
suis et cunctis fidelibus, Beatrix de Bello Campo salutem.
Sciant me dedisse et concessisse Deo et ecclesiae
Sanctae Mariae de Dryburgh et canonicis ibidem Deo
servientibus totam illam terram de Rogesburgh quam
emi a Rogero janitore et decimam molendini de Naythin-
thern in perpetuam elemosinam ita libere et quiete sicut
aliqua elemosina potest liberius et quietius concedi et teneri
pro amore Dei et in remissionem peccatorum meorum.
Testibus . . .
CCXXXIX.
Confirmation by King David of the grants by Hugo
de Moreville and Beatrix de Bello Campo
to the Abbey of Dryburgh, A.D. 1150-1152.
Registr. de Dryburgh, No. 239.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus baroni-
bus justitiariis vicecomitibus praepositis ministris et omni-
bus probis hominibus totius terrae suae clericis et laicis
Francis et Anglicis tarn futuris quam praesentibus salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et hac mea carta confirmasse
ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae de Driburgh et fratribus canonicis
ibidem Deo servientibus et servituris ipsum locum de
Driburgh et omnes donationes et elemosinas quas Hugo
de Morevilla et Beatrix de Bello Campo uxor ejus ad eorum
sustinementum concesserunt in perpetuam elemosinam et
eis dederunt scilicet in terris et in aquis in piscationibus
I92 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
et pascuis et in ecclesiis terrae suae et in omnibus aliis bene-
ficiis sicut cartae eorum testantur et conformant. Quare
volo et praecipio ut praenominati fratres has elemosinas ita
libere et quiete et plenarie perpetuo teneant et possideant
sicut aliqua elemosina in regno Scotiae liberius et quietius
tenetur et sicut cartae eorum confirmant.
Testibus, etc.
CCXL.
Confirmation by Richard de Moreville of grants to
the Church of Dryburgh by his mother and his
sister, circa A. D. 1152.
Registr. de Dryburgh, No. 92.
RlCARDUS DE MOREVILLA, Omnibus amicis et probis
hominibus suis salutem.
Sciant tarn praesentes quam futuri me concessisse et
hac mea carta confirmasse Deo et ecclesiae Beatae
Mariae de Driburgh et canonicis ibidem Deo servientibus
donationem matris meae de ecclesia de Bosyete et molen-
dinam de Nathanthern et terram suam cle Rogesburgh
quam emit a Rogero janitore et donationem Adae sororis
meae scilicet decimam molendini de Newtoun in per-
petuam elemosinam ita libere et quiete sicut aliqua
elemosina liberius et quietius potest concedi et teneri pro
salute animae meae et animabus antecessorum et succes-
sorum meorum.
Testibus . . .
CCXLI.
Charter by Earl Henry granting a toft in Rox-
burgh to the Church of Dryburgh,
A.D. 1150-1152.
Registr. de Dryburgh, No. 146.
HENRICUS comes films regis Scotiae, Episcopis justi-
tiariis abbatibus baronibus vicecomitibus praepositis
CCXXXIX.— CCXLII. 193
ministris et omnibus probis hominibus suis de Teuidall
salutem.
Sciant me dedisse ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae de Dri-
burgh et canonicis ibidem Deo servientibus illud toftum
quod fuit Johannis capellani in burgagio extra murum
de Rogesburgh et volo et praecipio ut ecclesia supra-
dicta illud habeat et teneat libere et quiete ab omni
consuetudine et servitio sicut meam liberam elemosinam.
Testibus .
CCXLII.
Charter by King David to the Abbey of Dry-
burgh, A.D. 1150-1152.
Sir James Balfour's Transcripts Adv. Lib.
Printed in the Registr. de Dryburgh, p. Ixix.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus
justitiariis baronibus vicecomitibus ministris et omnibus
hominibus totius terrae suae Francis Anglis et Scottis
et Gallowidensibus salutem.
Sciant tam posteri quam praesentes me concessisse et
dedisse et hac mea carta confirmasse ecclesiae Sanctae
Mariae de Drybrughe quam fundavi et fratribus canoni-
cis ibidem Deo servientibus pro salute animae meae et
pro salute animarum praedecessorum et successorum
meorum ad tenendum de me et heredibus meis in liberam
et perpetuam elemosinam, ecclesiam de Drybrughe cum
capellis decimis oblationibus et omnimodis pertinentiis
suis, ecclesiam de Lanarke cum terris et decimis et omni-
bus rebus ad illam juste pertinentibus et ecclesiam de
Pedynane cum omnibus suis pertinentiis et in eadem
villa illam carrucatam terrae quam Nicholaus clericus
meus de me habuit et tenuit ita quiete et libere ab omni
seculari exactione et consuetudine eisdem fratribus per-
petuo possidendas sicut aliqua alia ecclesia vel ecclesiae
i94 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
terrae meae elemosinas suas melius et quietius tenent
et possident ita tamen quod in ecclesiis illis officium
divinum honeste fiat. Dedi eis insuper landam illam quae
vocatur Caddysleya cum pastura infra forestam meam
pro salute animae Henrici filii mei in liberam et per-
petuam elemosinam et unum manerium in burgo meo
de Caraile eis dedi cum tribus rudis terrae ad illam
pertinentibus. Dedi dictis fratribus et eis confirmavi
illam terram et omnia ad earn pertinentia quam Beatrix
de Bello Campo de Rogero janitore emit et eis in
liberam et perpetuam elemosinam dedit et illud etiam
toftum extra portam occidentalem de Rogesburghe quod
Johannis capellani fuit ita liberum et quietum eis con-
cede sicut carta Henrici comitis filii mei eis donat et
confirmat.
Concede etiam et confirmo eis illam terram quae est
inter murum ejusdem portae, quam Ada capellanus
meus eis concessit et in liberam et perpetuam elemosinam
dedit cum eadem libertate quam eidem Adae concesseram
scilicet ut nullus super plenarium forisfactum meum de
ilia terra censum aut aliquam omnino consuetudinem
quae in burgo advenerit praesumat exigere.
Praeterea praefatis fratribus concede ut liceat eis in
nemoribus meis accipere ea quae necessaria habuerint
in usibus suis et aedificiis ita ut nullus eos injuste dis-
turbet et ut sint liberi et quieti in omni regno meo
de teloneo et omnibus secularibus exactionibus et con-
suetudinibus sicut aliqui viri religiosi in tota terra mea
liberiores inveniuntur, videlicet quantum ad se et propria
catalla sua.
Volo itaque et praecipio ut praedicta domus praenomi-
natas elemosinas donationes et libertates ita libere quiete
et honorifice teneat et possideat sicut aliqua ecclesia in
omni regno meo liberius et quietius tenet et possidet.
Testibus Henrico comite filio meo, Ada comitissa sua,
Waltero cancellario, Duncano comite, Hugone de Morvilla,
CCXLIL— CCXLIII. 195
Waltero de Lindesei, Roberto Avenell, Waltero Ridel,
Herberto camerario, Nicholao clerico, Aluino filio Arkill,
Ewen marischallo, Gillecolme Mackthumpethin, Macbeth
Macktorphin, Meuin filio Colbani.
X Ego Robertus S. Andreae episcopus confirmo.
X Ego Gregorius Dunkeldensis episcopus confirmo.
X Ego Andreas Katenensis episcopus confirmo.
CCXLIII.
Confirmation to the Abbey of Dryburgh by
King David of the grants by Beatrix de
Bello Campo and granting right to take
wood, etc., in the King's forests and freedom
from toll and secular service, A.D. 1150-1153.
Registr. de Dryburgh, No. 147.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus
baronibus justitiariis vicecomitibus praepositis ministris
et omnibus probis hominibus totius terrae suae clericis
et laicis Francis et Anglicis praesentibus et futuris
salutem.
Sciant me concessisse et hac mea carta confirmasse
Deo et ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae de Driburgh et canoni-
cis ibidem Deo servientibus illam terram et omnia ad
earn pertinentia quam Beatrix de Bello Campo de
Rogero janitore emit et eis in liberam et perpetuam
elemosinam dedit ita libere et quiete perpetuo tenendam
sicut aliqua elemosina liberius et quietius tenetur et
possidetur et illud etiam toftum extra portam occiden-
talem de Rogesburgh quod Johannis capellani fuit, ita
liberum et quietum eis concede sicut carta Henrici
comitis filii mei eis donat et confirmat.
Concede etiam et confirmo eis illam terram quae est
inter murum ejusdem portae quam Ada capellanus meus
1 96 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
eis concessu meo in liberam et perpetuam elemosinam
dedit cum eadem libertate quam eidem Adae concesseram
scilicet ut nullus super plenarium forisfactum meum de
ilia terra censum aut aliquam omnino consuetudinem
quae burgo advenerit praesumat exigere.
Praeterea praefatis fratribus concede et hac praesente
carta confirmo ut liceat eis in nemoribus meis accipere
ea quae necessaria habuerint in usibus suis et aedificiis
ita ut nullus eos injuste disturbet et ut sint liberi et
quieti in omni regno meo de teloneo et omnibus
secularibus exactionibus et consuetudinibus sicut aliqui
viri religiosi in tota terra mea liberiores inveniuntur
scilicet quantum ad se et propria catalla sua.
Volo itaque et praecipio ut praedicta domus praenomina-
tas elemosinas donationes et libertates ita libere et quiete
et honorifice perpetuo teneat et possideat sicut aliqua
ecclesia in omni regno meo liberius et quietius tenet et
possidet.
Testibus .
CCXLIV.
Charter by Earl Henry to the Abbey of Holm-
cultram, A.D. 1150-1152.
Dugdale, Monasticon, v., p. 594. (Ex Miscell, G. in Col.
Corp. Christi Cantebr., p. 271.)
HENRICUS comes, films Davidis Regis Scotiae, Episcopis
abbatibus comitibus justitiis baronibus vicecomitibus
ministris et omnibus probis hominibus totius terrae suae
clericis et laicis Francis et Anglicis tarn praesentibus
quam futuris salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse in perpetuam ele-
mosinam duas partes Holmcoltriae, abbati et monachis
ibidem Deo servientibus quas ego et plures probi
homines mecum perambulavimus in primis inter eos et
CCXLIII.— CCXLIV. 197
Alanum filium Waldeff, quando ego tertiam partem
praedictae Holmcoltriae praenominato Alano ad vena-
tiones suas concessi.
Praeterea vero concede et hac mea carta confirmo
donationem ejusdem Alani filii Waldeff et Waldeff filii
sui de ilia tertia sua parte Holmcoltriae quam illi ad
venationes suas concesseram, quam ipse in praesentia
patris mei et mea et baronum meorum, apud Carleo-
lum, praedicti loci abbati et monachis in perpetuam
elemosinam dedit et concessit et carta sua testante
confirmavit
Volo itaque ut abbas Holmcoltriae et monachi ibidem
Deo servientes habeant plenarie Holmcoltriam per suas
rectas divisas, in nemore et piano pratis et pascuis
piscationibus et aquis, et Rabi cum suis rectis divisis
sicut ego et barones mei mecum ipsas perambulavimus
inter praedictos monachos et Anthetillum filium Udardi.
Concedo etiam eis materiem in forestam de Engles-
woda ad aedificia sua et ad omnia domi suae neces-
saria facienda et pasturam porcis eorum sine pasnagio.
Cum his autem praedictis infra terminos abbatiae
Holmcoltriae et divisas suas tantam pacem et libertatem
constituo, quantam abbatia de Maylros et abbatia de
Neubotla concessione patris mei tranquillius et sanctius
et quietius possident, et possessionibus suis infra per-
fruuntur.
His testibus Adulpho Carleoli episcopo, Waltero priore,
Waltero de Bidun regis cancellario, Engerram comitis
cancellario, Hugo de Morevilla, Willielmo de Sommer-
villa, Willielmo de Heriz, Willielmo Engaine, Raun. de
Soil., Raun. de Lundeseai, Waltero de Ridale, Cos-
patrico filio Orm, Henrico filio Suani, Waltero fil. Alani,
Hugone Ridill, Alano de Laceles.
1 98 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CCXLV.
Confirmation by King David of the grant by his
son, Earl Henry, to the Abbey of Holm-
cultram, A.D. 1150-1153.
5 Dugdale, Monasticon, p. 594, ex Registro Cartarum Abb. de
Holmcoltram nuper penes Will. D. Howard de Naworth, Cestr.
fol. lob.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus
baronibus vicecomitibus praepositis ministris et omnibus
probis hominibus totius terrae suae et filii sui clericis
et laicis tarn praesentibus quam futuris salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et hac mea carta confirmasse
donationem filii mei de Holmcoltram quam ipse
abbati et monachis ibidem Deo servientibus donavit et
concessit in elemosinam. Confirmo etiam eis aliam ter-
tiam partem de Holmcoltram quam Alanus films Waldef
eisdem monachis pro salute animae suae dedit et con-
cessit cum caeteris omnibus quae carta filii sui continet
et testatur.
His testibus Adeulfo episcopo Carleolensi, Waltero
priore, etc.
CCXLVI.
Charter by Earl Henry to the church of Brink-
burne, A.D. 1150-1152.
Chart, de Brinkburne.
HENRICUS Comes films regis Scotiae, Justitiariis suis et
baronibus vicecomitibus et ministris et omnibus probis
hominibus suis totius Northumbriae salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Deo et ecclesiae Sancti
Petri de Brinkburne et canonicis ibidem Deo servientibus
pro anima mea et animabus antecessorum meorum salinam
CCXLV.— CCXLVII. 199
unam de salinis meis de Werkeworth in perpetuam
elemosinam.
Volo itaque quatenus praedicti canonici de Brinkburne
illam salinam habeant et teneant ita libere et quiete et
honorifice sicut ipsi aliquam elemosinam liberius quietius
in terra mea habent et nullus vestrum super plenarium
forisfacturum meum eis injuriam vel contumeliam inde
conferat nee fieri permittat
Testibus Englr' cancellario comitis, Hugone Ridel et
aliis.
CCXLVII.
Charter by Earl Henry to the church of Brinke-
burne, A.D. 1150-1152.
Chart, de Brinkburne.
HENRICUS films regis Scotiae, Justitiariis vicecomitibus
ministris et omnibus suis fidelibus totius Honoris sui tarn
praesentibus quam futuris salutem.
Notum sit omnibus nobis quod ego concede et confirmo
in feudum et elemosinam locum qui Brinkeburne dicitur,
cum silvis et terris et omnibus quae Willelmus Bertram
concessit et dedit priori et fratribus ecclesiae Sanctae
Mariae de Insula et quae juste derationare poterit et quae
deinceps vel ab eo vel ab aliquo meorum hominum dari
contigerit.
Haec, inquam, omnia hac mea carta rata corroboro
usibus et sustentationi Christi pauperum ibidem commor-
antium cum omnimoda libertate sine omni inquietudine
modis omnibus in perpetuum pro futura.
Sciatisque me suscepisse et retinuisse eosdem fratres et
sua omnia in mea custodia et tuitione et manutenentia
sicut meos proprios dominicos canonicos.
Quam volo et firmiter praecipio quod ipsi et omnia sua
ubique per potestatem meam habeant meam pacem et
manutenentiam et prohibeo super forisfactum meum quod
200 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
ullus eis vel suis dampnum inferat vel injuriam vel
contumeliam vel ullam inquietudinem faciat vel facere
permittat.
Et siquis de dampno eorum vel injuria comprobatus
fuerit nisi ipsum iidem condempnaverint sicut mihimet
ipsi illatum fuerit per ministros meos dampnum plenisse
emendetur.
Siquis etiam aliquid boni eis pro Dei amore et pro
salute animae suae impendent, de Deo remunerationes
accipiat de me autem gratias.
^ Praesentibus testibus Eustachio filio Johannis, Randulfo
de Merlay et aliis. Apud Corbrig' VI Idus Novembris.
CCXLVIII.
Charter by King David confirming to Baldwin a
toft in the burgh of Perth, A.D. 1150-1153.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Justitiis vicecomitibus praepositis
et omnibus burgensibus de Pert salutem.
Sciatisme dedisse et concessisse huic Balduino clienti
meo suum toft quod tenet et habet in Pert libere et
quiete ab omni servitio burgi excepta vigilia infra burgum
et claustura burgi secundum suam possessionem. Reddendo
mihi inde per annum i turet et ii coleres et pro hoc
quietus sit ab omni alio servitio et defendo ne ipse de
aliquo placito sui alicui [respondeat] nisi in praesentia
mea aut justitiae meae.
Praeterea concedo ei ut cum Baldewinus voluerit a
villa recedere quatenus possit domum suum et suum toft
in burgagium vendere.
Testibus Andrea episcopo de Cathen. et Waltero filio
Alani et Waltero de Lindeseai, Waltero de Ridale,
Nicholao clerico. Apud Sconam.
CCXLVIL— CCL. 201
CCXLIX.
Charter by King David granting to the church
of St. Andrews a toft in Clacmanan.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Omnibus probis hominibus totius
terrae suae salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse ecclesiae Sancti
Andreae et canonicis ibidem Deo famulantibus quandam
plenariam toftam in Clacmanan ad oportunitatem domus
suae et ad usus suos et negotia sua liberam et quietam
ab omni servitio et consuetudine seculari.
Teste Waltero cancellario, Herberto camerario. Apud
Clacmanan.
CCL.
Charter by King David granting to the church
of St. Andrews, forty Shillings annually from
the can of ships at Perth.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus
justitiis baronibus vicecomitibus praepositis et omnibus
fidelibus clericis et laicis tarn futuris quam praesentibus
totius regni sui salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Deo et ecclesiae
Sancti Andreae et canonicis ibidem Deo servientibus et
servituris in perpetuam elemosinam XL solidos singulis
annis de cano navium de Pert ad vestimenta canonicorum
praefatae ecclesiae.
Testibus Roberto epo. Sancti Andreae, Thor. archi-
diacono, Dunecano comite, Roberto camerario, Cospatrico
filio Waldef, Eadward cunestabulario, Waltero de Ridalis.
Apud Clinros.
202 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CCLI.
Charter by Gaufridus de Percy granting a ploughgate
of land in Heton to the Abbey of Kelso,
A.D. II52-II53.
Liber de Calchou, No. 358.
GALFRIDUS DE PERCI, Omnibus sanctae matris ecclesiae
filiis et fidelibus salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et in perpetuam elemosinamconcessisse
Deo et ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae de Kelcheho et conventui
monachorum ibidem Deo servientium pro salute animae
meae et Davidis regis et Henrici filii ejus et antecessorum
et successorum meorum unam carrucatam terrae in
Hetona de quinquies viginta acris et quatuor proxi-
mam terrae hospitalis de Rokesburg, liberam et quietam
ab omni servitio intrinseco et forinseco cum omnibus
aisiamentis ejusdem villae in terris et pasturis et aquis
ad tantam terram in eadem villae pertinentibus.
Concedo autem et confirmo quod ecclesia de Kelcheho
praenominata terram praedictam teneat et habeat et in
perpetuam elemosinam possideat ita libere et quiete et
honorifice sicut ipsa ecclesia de Kelcheho aliquam elemo-
sinam liberius et quietius et honorificentius habet et possidet.
Annuente et confirmante Henrico fratre et herede meo.
Testibus praesentibus et audientibus Herberto Glas-
guensi episcopo, Willelmo episcopo de Muref, Osberto
abbate de Jedd., Willelmo abbate de Edenb., Acelino
archidiacono et aliis.
CCLIL
Charter by Gaufridus de Percy granting to the
church of Whitby a ploughgate of land in
Oxnam, A.D. 1152-1153.
Chart. Whitby, No. 57.
OMNIBUS filiis sanctae matris ecclesiae omnibusque
hominibus tarn praesentibus quam futuris, Gaufridus de
CCLL— CCLIII. 203
Perci, salutem in Christo, sciatis me dedisse et concessisse
Deo et Sancto Petro et Sanctae Hyldae de Wyteby
fratribusque nostris et monachis ibidem Deo servientibus
unam carrucatam terrae in Oxanaham pro salute animae
Regis Davidis qui mihi praedictam terram dedit et pro
anima Comitis Henrici et filiorum et filiarum suarum
et etiam pro salute animae patris mei et matris meae et
meae animae et fratrum meorum et parentum in liberam
et quietam elemosinam tarn quietam et liberam sicut
aliqua ecclesia quietius aut liberius aliquam tenet aut
possidet elemosinam.
His testibus Gaufrido clerico fratre meo, Roberto Tyrel,
Alano filio Raulfi, Godefrido de Bellung et alliis.
CCLIII.
Charter by Alan de Percy of land in Oxnam and
Heton to the church of Whitby,
A.D. 1152-1153.
Chart. Whitby, No. 59.
SciANT omnes videntes et audientes litteras istas, quod
ego Alanus de Perci pro salute animae meae et pro
domino meo Rege David et ejus filio Henrico comite
et heredibus eorum et pro anima Alani de Perci patris
mei et pro anima matris meae et pro animabus heredum
meorum et omnium parentum meorum, dedi Deo et
ecclesiae Sancti Petri et Sanctae Hyldae de Wyteby
et monachis ibidem Deo servientibus duas carrucatas
terrae unam in Oxeneham et alteram in Hetune cum
communi aisiamento utriusque villae in elemosinam
perpetue libere et quiete de omni servitio et consuetudine
seculari.
His testibus Willelmo de Perci et Henrico de Perci
fratribus meis, Pichot de Perci et aliis.
3y
:
204 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CCLIV.
Confirmation by King David of the grants by
Alan and Gaufrid de Percy to the church of
Whitby, A.D. 1152-1153.
Chart. Whitby, No. 62.
DAVID Rex Scotiae, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus justitiis
baronibus vicecomitibus praepositis ministris et omnibus
hominibus totius terrae suae clericis et laicis tarn futuris
quam praesentibus salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et hac mea carta confirmasse Deo
et ecclesiae de Wyteby et fratribus monachis ibidem
Deo servientibus elemosinam quam Alanus de Perci et
Gaufridus frater suus dederunt Deo et ecclesiae Sanctae
Hyldae de Wyteby scilicet unam carrucatam terrae in
Hetune et aliam in Oxenam ad tenendam illam terram
de me et de heredibus meis in perpetuam elemosinam
libere et quiete ab omni servitio secular! et exactione.
Testibus Willelmo abbate de Castello Puellarum et
Willelmo capellano et Ha. capellano de Rochesbur. et
Duncano comite. [Apud] Castellum Puellarum.
CCLV.
Charter by King David to the monks of
Urquhart, A.D. 1150-1153.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 33, and Reg. Episcop. Morav., No. 254.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus baronibus
justitiariis vicecomitibus et omnibus hominibus totius
terrae suae Francis Anglicis et Scottis salutem.
Sciant tarn posted quam praesentes me ad domus Dei
dilatationem et ad sanctae religionis propagationem
dedisse et concessisse Deo et ecclesiae Sanctae Trini-
tatis de Urchard et hac mea carta priori et fratribus
ibidem servientibus confirmasse Urchard per suas rectas
CCLIV.— CCLVI. 205
divisas et duas Finfans per suas rectas divisas et
Fochoper per suas rectas divisas et communionem
pascuum animalibus et unam piscariam in Spe et in
firma burgi de Elgin xx solidos et de dominicis hominibus
eorum qui sunt in Fochoper rectitudinem piscis quae ad
thaynum pertinet et decimam cani de Ergaithel de
Muref et placitorum et totius lucri ejusdem Ergaithel.
Praeterea concede et hac mea carta confirmo dona-
tionem abbatis et totius conventus de Dunfermelyn scili-
cet Pethenach juxta Eren per suas rectas divisas et
scalingas de Fathenechten et omnes rectitudines quas
monachi de Dunfermlyn in Muref habere solebant quas
tali conditione ecclesiae de Urchard et fratribus ibidem
Deo servientibus liberas et quietas ab omni exactione
mea concessione et confirmatione concedunt ut obeunte
persona alia de electione fratrum et de consilio abbatis
de Dunfermlyn et assensu Regis si idoneus ibi inven-
iatur subrogetur sin autem de ecclesia de Dunfermelyne
accipiatur. Haec personarum subrogatio inviolabiliter in
perpetuum inter eos sicut praedictum est conservetur.
Volo etiam et praecipio quod ecclesia praedicta et prior
et fratres ejusdem loci habeant et teneant res praedictas
ita libere et quiete sicut aliqua ecclesia in terra mea
habet et tenet quietius et liberius.
T. Andrea episcopo et multis aliis.
CCLVI.
Confirmation by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, of
the lands and privileges of the Abbey of Dun-
fermline, A.D. 1150-1153.
Registr. de Dunfermelyne, No. 92.
UNIVERSIS sanctae matris ecclesiae Robertus Dei gratia
minister humilis ecclesiae Sancti Andreae salutem et
episcopalem benedictionem.
Quum ad officium nostrum spectare novimus in
206 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
ecclesia Dei aedificare et quae aedificata sunt in melius
emendare, dignum duximus ut ea quae in ecclesia
Dunfermelensis confirmanda exstiterant carta nostra quan-
tum ad nos pertinet confirmarentur. Dominica gratia
moniti et freti auctoritate tarn absentibus quam prae-
sentibus innotescimus nos concessisse et carta nostra
confirmasse ut praefata ecclesia omnia ilia quae sibi in
elemosina data sunt ita libere et quiete ab omni servitio
et exactione seculari possideat sicuti aliqua ecclesia
melius et liberius possessiones suas tenere debet et
maxime ea quae ad episcopalia jura pertinent videlicet
ecclesiam de Perth et illam de Struelin et scolas et cetera
omnia ad eas pertinentia et ecclesiam de Nithbrin et
ecclesiam de Kinglassin et ecclesiam de Kircalethin et
capellam de Innerkethyn et ecclesiam de Inviresc
et capellam de Cousland et decimas de Keeth et
ecclesiam de Wymet et ecclesiam de Hala cum omnibus
appendiciis salvo jure episcopali et consuetudine. Huic
cartae siquis instimulatione diabolica agitatus obviaverit
et ex his aliquod perverse diminuerit nisi ad congruam
satisfactionem inde venerit ab eo Dominus misericordiam
suam auferat et ipsum de libro viventium deleat.
Testibus abbate W. de Sancta Cruce, et R. priore de
S. Andrea, et T. arch, de Laudonia, et M. arch, de S.
Andrea, et A. decano, et W. capellano, et Magistro
Thoma, et Magistro H.
CCLVII.
Mandate by Earl Henry to Gilbert de Umfranville
to protect the monks of Durham,
circa A.D. 1 152.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham.
HENRICUS Comes films Regis Scotiae, Gilleberto de
Unfranville conestabulo suo et ceteris baronibus et
hominibus suis omnibus salutem.
CCLVI.— CCLIX. 207
Sciatis quod terra monachorum Dunelm. et possessiones
suae in propria manu mea sunt et in propria mea
protectione et in mea pace. Propterea mando vobis
omnibus et praecipio quatenus terrae suae et possessioni-
bus suis omnibus pacem teneatis et teneri faciatis ab
omnibus vestris constanter et ubique sicut me diligitis.
Testibus priore de Jeddewrde et Ricardo priore de
Hestoudesham. Apud Jeddewrde.
CCLVIII.
Charter by Bernard de Baliol granting a fishing in
the Tweed to the Abbey of Kelso,
A.D. 1153.
Liber de Calchou, No. 52.
BERNARDUS DE BAILLIOL, Omnibus fidelibus sanctae
ecclesiae filiis quam futuris quam praesentibus salutem.
Notum sit vobis me dedisse et concessisse Deo et
ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae et Abbati de Kelchou et fratribus
ibidem Deo servientibus aquam piscatoriam in Twede
quae pertinebat ad Wudehorn, pro anima Henrici comitis
et filii mei et antecessorum et successorum meorum in
perpetuam elemosinam et ad piscandum cum retibus
eorum absque omni disturbatione. Annuentibus et confir-
mantibus dominis meis videlicet David Rege Scottorum
et Malcolmo et Willelmo nepotibus ejus et hoc idem
testantibus Wydone filio meo et Bernardo et aliis.
CCLIX
Confirmation by King David of Bernard de Baliol's
gift of a fishing in the Tweed to the Abbey
of Kelso, A.D. 1 153.
Liber de Calchou, Nos. 25 and 33.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Omnibus probis hominibus totius
regni sui salutem.
208 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Sciant omnes tarn posteri quam praesentes me con-
firmasse et hac praesenti carta coroborasse donum illud
quod Bernardus Baliol dedit ecclesiae de Kelchou et Abbati
et monachis inibi Deo famulantibus videlicet quandam pis-
cariam quam habuit in Tweda. Quare volo et praecipio
ac praesenti scriptura confirmo quam firmum et ratum
donum praedictum in perpetuum habeatur sicut litterae
et carta ipsius Bernardi testantur.
Testibus . . .
CCLX.
Charter by Countess Ada granting a toft in
Haddington to the Abbey of Dunfermlin.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 152.
ADA Norhumbriae Comitissa, Praeposito suo et burgensibus
suis et omnibus probis hominibus suis de Hadigtunes
scyra Francis et Anglis, clericis et laicis, salutem.
Notum sit vobis me concessisse Domino Deo et Sanctae
Mariae et ecclesiae de Dunfermelyn unum plenarium toftum
in burgo meo de Hadingtona libere et quiete et in perpetua
elemosina pro salute animae Comitis Henrici domini
mei et pro salute animae meae et omnium praedecessorum
meorum et omnium fidelium Dei defunctorum.
Testibus hiis Magistro R., Alexandro de Sancto Martino,
Hugone Giffard. Apud Perth.
CCLXL
Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, con-
firming the right of the Abbey of Dunfermlin
to the church of St. Leonard at Perth,
A.D. 1150-1153.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 90.
ROBERTUS Dei gratia ecclesiae Sencti Andreae episcopus,
Omnibus sanctae matris ecclesiae filiis salutem et epis-
copalem benedictionem.
CCLIX.— CCLXII. 209
Notum sit omnibus tarn praesentibus quam futuris nos
d'edisse et praesenti munimine confirmasse ecclesiam
Sancti Leonardi de Perth, ecclesiae Sanctae Trinitatis de
Dunfermelyn in perpetuam elemosinam ut membrum
ecclesiae Sancti Johannis Baptistae ejusdem villae.
Testibus Andrea episcopo de Katenes, Matheo archi-
diacono Sancti Andreae, Magistro Herberto, Johanne
nepote episcopi et Radulfo de Boilestune, Adam
capellano episcopi et Ricardo.
CCLXII.
Charter by Andrew, Bishop of Caithness, granting
to the Abbey of Dunfermline the church of
the Holy Trinity at Dunkeld, A.D. 1150-1153.
Registr. de Dunfermelyn, No. 123.
OMNIBUS Sanctae Matris ecclesiae filiis, Andreas Dei
gratia Katenensis episcopus salutem et episcopalem
benedictionem.
Noscant tarn posted quam praesentes me dedisse et
praesentis scripti munimine confirmasse Deo et ecclesiae
Sanctae Trinitatis de Dunfermelyn in perpetuam elemo-
sinam pro salute animae Illustris David Regis Scotiae
et praedecessorum suorum et successorum et pro salute
animae meae ecclesiam Sanctae Trinitatis de Dunkelden
cum omnibus his quae ad earn juste pertinent scilicet
Fordouin, Dunmernach, Bendactehin, Cupermaccultin,
Inchethurfin, Chethec.
Si quis autem ausu temerario contra hoc venire prae-
sumpserit sciat se contra ipsum mundi Salvatorem niti
et ideo nisi resipuerit, aeternae dampnationis sententiam
incurrere.
2io EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CCLXIII.
Grant of the Priory of Lochleven by Robert the
Bishop to the Priory of St. Andrews,
A.D. 1152-1153.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
OMNIBUS Sanctae Matris ecclesiae filiis Robertas Dei
gratia minister humilis ecclesiae Sancti Andreae salutem
et episcopalem benedictionem.
Sciant omnes tarn praesentes quam absentes nos dedisse
et concessisse ecclesiae Sancti Andreae et Roberto priori,
abbatiam de insula Lochlevene cum omnibus ad earn
pertinentibus ad canonicos regulares constituendum in ea.
Hoc est cum Findahin et omnibus suis appendiciis, et
cum Portemuoch et suis appendiciis et cum molendinis
ad pontem et cum uno molendino in terra Findachin et
Chircness cum suis appendiciis omnibus. Et cum dimidia
villa de Urechehem cum suis appendiciis et villa ecclesi-
astica de Sconin et suis appendiciis et cum xxtj melis casei
et uno porco de Marchinche et cum XX melis casei et
nil melis de breis et uno porco de Ecmor et cum XX
melis ordei de Balecristin et cum XX melis casei et
uno porco de Bolgin ft Hi Thorfini et cum decimis de
domo nostra de insula et cum decimis totius redditus
quern recepturi sumus ad eandem domum et cum vesti-
mentis ecclesiasticis quae ipsi Chelede habuerunt.
Et cum his libris, id est cum pastorali, graduali, missali,
origine, sententiis abbatis Clareuallensis, tribus quaternioni-
bus de sacramentis, cum parte bibliotecae, cum lectionario,
cum Actibus Apostolorum, textu evangeliorum Prospero,
tribus libris Salomonis, glosis de canticis canticorum,
interpretationibus dictionum, collectione sententiarum,
expositione super Genesim, exceptionibus ecclesiasti-
carum regularum.
His testibus Gregorio episcopo de Duneheldin et
CCLXIIL— CCLXV. 211
Guillelmo abbate de Sancta Cruce et Thoraldo archi-
diacono et Matheo archidiacono, Aiulfo decano, Magistro
Thoma, Magistro Herberto, Ricardo capellano episcopi.
CCLXIV.
Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
granting to the Canons the right of electing a
Prior.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
ROBERTUS Dei gratia Sancti Andreae episcopus, Omnibus
Sanctae Matris ecclesiae filiis salutem et episcopalem
benedictionem.
Noscant tam posted quam praesentes me concessisse
et praesentis scripti munimine confirmasse Dompno
Roberto primo Priori ecclesiae Sancti Andreae ejus
successoribus prioratum canonicorum in ecclesia Beati
Andreae Deo servientium eorum benedictionem et debitae
obedientiae professionem.
Nihilominus etiam ejusdem loci fratribus liberam
prioris electionem concedimus et cuicumque totum con-
senserit capitulum vel ejus pars sanior ipse in eorum
regimen sullimetur, eique debitae professionis obedientiam
servent subjecti.
His assistentibus testibus Willelmo epo. Morauie,
Osberto abbate de Jedeuurth, Math, archid., Thoraldo
archid., Roberto priore de Rostinoth, Aiulfo decano,
Magistro Andrea, Johanne cancellario episcopi, Magistro
Thoma, Magistro Hereberto.
CCLXV.
Charter by Robert the Bishop to the Priory of
St. Andrews of a toft in Chilrimund.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
ROBERTUS Dei gratia Sancti Andreae episcopus, Omnibus
Sanctae Matris ecclesiae filiis salutem.
212 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Sciant universi me dedisse et praesenti munimine
confirmasse illam toftam super quam statuta est domus
Archidiaconi Mathei in Chilrimund cum tribus toftis
juxta aquam Kines tenure de Kininemoneth canonicis
ecclesiae Sancti Andreae servientibus in perpetuam
elemosinam.
Testibus his Matheo archidiacono, Magistro Hereberto,
Johanne nepote episcopi, Adam capellano episcopi et
Ricardo, Waltero dapifero.
CCLXVI.
Confirmation by King David of the grant to the
Priory by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, of
Kinninmount and a toft in Kilrimont.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Episcopis abbatibus comitibus
justitiis baronibus vicecomitibus et omnibus fidelibus suis
tolius regni sui Francis et Anglicis et Scottis tarn futuris
quam praesentibus salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse et hac mea carta confirmasse
Roberto priori et canonicis regularibus Sancti Andreae
donationem quam episcopus Robertus eis fecit de
Kinninmuneht cum omnibus appendiciis suis, et cum
tofto de Kilrimuneht sicut carta praedicti episcopi
testatur.
Quare volo ut praedicti canonici terram illam cum
omnibus ad illam pertinentibus libere et quiete teneant
et possideant sicut aliqua alia elemosina liberius et
quietius tenetur et possidetur in regno meo.
Testibus Andrea episcopo de Cathen., Greg. epo.
Dunkeld, Willo. abbate de Streuel., Hugone de Moreuilla,
Dunecano comite, Herberto camerario, Radulfo de Sules,
Nicholao clerico. Apud Struelin.
CCLX V.— CCLX VI II. 213
CCLXVII.
Charter by King David to the brethren of the
Hospital of St. Andrews.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
DAVID Rex Scottorum, Omnibus probis hominibus totius
terrae suae salutem.
Sciatis me meam firmam pacem dedisse fratribus
Hospitalis de Sancto Andreae ubicunque in tota terra
mea venerint.
Quare defendo ne ullus eis aut rebus eorum injuste
forisfaciat et si quis eis aliquod debitum debet praecipio
ut cito juste reddatur eis et qui eis aliquod bonum pro
amore Dei et salute animae suae impendent ad sustenta-
mentum pauperum peregrinorum a Deo recipiet remu-
nerationes et a me maximas grates.
Testibus Herberto camerario et Symone filio Michaelis
et Hugone de Camera. Apud Clacmanech.
CCLXVIII.
Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
granting three tofts to the Priory.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
ROBERTUS Dei gratia Sancti Andreae episcopus, Omnibus
Sanctae Matris ecclesiae filiis salutem et episcopalem
benedictionem.
Sciant universi me dedisse et praesenti munimine
confirmasse ecclesiae Sancti Andreae et canonicis ibidem
Deo servientibus in perpetuam elemosinam tres toftas in
burgo Sancti Andreae videlicet toftam Elfgar et toftam
Arnaldi et toftam Willelmi coci ita liberas et quietas
sicuti fratres de templo Domini in Jerusalem liberius et
214 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
quietius in aliquo burgo tenent vel aliqui alii in regno
regis Scottorum.
Testibus Matheo archidiacono, Magistro Hereberto,
Magistro Thoma, Johanne nepote episcopi, Adam capel-
lano et Ricardo, Rogero camerario, Gamello de Findathin.
CCLXIX.
Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, grant-
ing to the Priory six shares of the offerings
of the altar.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae.
ROBERTUS Dei gratia Sancti Andreae episcopus, Omnibus
Sanctae Matris ecclesiae filiis salutem.
Sciant omnes tarn posteri quam praesentes nos con-
cessisse et episcopali auctoritate confirmasse priori Sancti
Andreae et fratribus ibidem Deo servientibus omnes partes
oblationum altaris excepta septima quae de jure competit
episcopo liberas et quietas et ab omni exactione immunes.
His testibus Willelmo episcopo Murauie, Osberto
abbate de Geddeuuhte, Aiulfo decano, Magistro Andrea,
Magistro Herberto, Johanne nepote episcopi, Magistro
Thoma, Adam capellano.
CCLXX.
Charter by Walter de Lyndesey granting Erchel-
dune to the Abbey of Kelso.
Original in the Treasury at Durham.
IJNIVERSIS fidelibus sanctae ecclesiae, Gauterius de
Lyndesey salutem.
Noverint tarn futuri quam praesentes me dedisse et
concessisse et hac mea carta confirmasse ecclesiae Sanctae
Mariae de Kelcho et monachis ibidem Deo servientibus
CCLXVIII.— CCLXXI. 2 1 5
ecclesiam de Ercheldune cum una carrucata terrae et
caeteris omnibus ad illam ecclesiam pertinentibus in
perpetuam elemosinam pro anima scilicet Regis David et
pro anima Henrici Comitis filii ejus et pro anima Gauterii
avunculi mei et pro anima mea et uxoris meae et pro
animabus omnium praedecessorum et successorum meorum,
Et Hospitale in eadem villa quietum erit ab omni redditu
decimarum.
Concedente et testificante Willelmo filio meo.
Testibus Hugone clerico, Willelmo capellano, Johanne
capellano de Sprostune, Ricardo sacerdote de Bothelden,
Roberto scriptore.
CCLXXI.
Charter by Earl Malcolm, son of Earl Henry, to
Brinkeburne, A.D. 1153.
Chart, de Brinkburne.
MALCOLM' de Gwarenne comes Northumbriae, Justitiariis
suis et baronibus vicecomitibus et ministris et omnibus
probis hominibus tarn laicis quam clericis totius North-
umberland salutem.
Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse Deo et Sanctae Mariae
et ecclesiae Sancti Petri de Brinkeburne et canonicis
ibidem Deo servientibus et servituris pro anima Henrici
comitis dilectissimi patris mei necnon etiam et pro anima
mea et animabus antecessorum meorum eandem salinam
quam pater meus Henricus comes apud Werkewurthe
in tempore vitae suae eis in perpetuam elemosinam dedit et
concessit. Concede etiam et confirmo praedictis fratribus
totam donationem Rogeri Bertram scilicet locum qui
dicitur Brinkeburne cum omnibus pertinentiis suis.
Volo etiam quatenus praedicti canonici de Brinkeburne
praedictam salinam et omnia sua habeant et teneant
216 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
ita libere et quiete sicut ipsi aliquam elemosinam liberius et
quietius in terra mea habent et nullus vestrum super
plenarium forisfactum meum eis injuriam vel contumeliam
inde conferat nee fieri permittat.
His testibus Gilberto de Umfravilla, Willelmo de
Vescy, Rogero de Merlay et aliis.
NOTES
NOTES
IN 1860 there was discovered in the Public Library of Cambridge,
among Bishop Moore's books, a small MS. volume containing the
Gospel according to St. John and portions of the other Gospels, in
Latin, written in the ninth century. On margins and on blank pages
are several writings in Irish and one in Latin, which were written not
before A.D. 1150. A translation of the Irish was first printed by Mr.
Cosmo Innes in a postscript to " Scotland in the Middle Ages," 1860 ;
afterwards in the Saturday Review, 8th December, 1860; by Dr.
Robertson in vol. 4, p. 545, " Illustr. Aber. and Banff." The whole
MS. was published by the Spalding Club in 1869. Facsimiles of some
of the pages were given in that edition and in the National MSS. of
Scotland.
The "Book of Deer" was received with enthusiasm by Bradshaw,
Stokes, Cosmo Innes, and by many others.
Dr. Reeves (Culdees, p. 26) spoke of it as a " precious book," and
as " the oldest book of Scotland as well as the sole relique of its early
literature."
Mr. Skene (2 Celt. Scot., p. 280) said " it is an invaluable record,"
and treated it as containing authentic history (3 Celt. Scot., p. 55).
Mr. Robertson, Early Kings, 2, p. 499, has a long note on it.
Dr. Stuart who edited it for the Spalding Club said of the marginal
writings :
"They enable us to discover the condition of the Celtic popula-
tion of Alba, separated into clans, under the rule of the mormaer,
with their chiefs or toisechs and their bishops or judges.
" We discover the division of the country into town-lands, with fixed
boundaries, and can trace the different and co-existing rights in them,
of the ardrigh, the mormaer, and the toisech.
220 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
" We are likewise furnished with notices of various kinds of burdens
to which they were subject — the amount of some of these was
determined by the number of davochs comprised in the territory,
affording the earliest instance in our records of a system which, at a
later period, formed the basis for apportioning the national taxes.
" The period embraced in these entries is towards the conclusion of
the Celtic period, while the patriarchal polity had not yet given way to
the feudal kingdom ; the monastic system — at least in the northern
districts — was yet flourishing, and the parish and territorial diocese
were unknown. . . ." (Stuart's Preface, Book of Deer, p. vi.).
I venture to say that the value of these notitiae has been exaggerated.
The account of the foundation of Aberdour and Deer is a picturesque
tradition written nearly 600 years later than the time of St. Columba.
The rest is little more than a list of donations of lands to an
unnamed church of St. Drostan. There is little to fix the date of
any of them. The record is meagre. It is not safe to draw from it
conclusions as to the state of the people and of the church in
Scotland prior to the twelfth century.
It has been assumed that this copy of the Gospels belonged to a
Columban house at Deer. I doubt if there was a monastery at Deer
prior to 1219. Nothing had been heard of it before the MS. was
discovered, there is no trace of it in any record, and no local tradition
of it at Deer itself; the only notice in the MS. which connects these
donations with Deer is a fragment of a charter in Latin, of a late date,
which is perhaps spurious.
It is almost impossible that a monastery continued to exist at Deer
from the time of St. Columba till the reign of David I. A little more than
a century after the death of St. Columba his clergy were expelled from
the kingdom of the Northern Picts and though in many places they
were replaced by other monks, the troubles of the eighth and ninth
centuries destroyed most of the Northern monasteries, and in those
ages Christianity was almost extinguished in Scotland and in the
north of England.
These notitiae may have been written by an Irishman, one of
the secular clergy serving at Aberdour or Deer, in the twelfth
century, who may have collected the traditions of grants of lands to
Drostan's churches, writing in Irish and using titles — Mormaer and
Toisech — known in Ireland.
p. i. Notitiae. By notitiae I mean writings made after an event
or grant, recording how lands had been acquired. (Du Cange ; Innes,
Sketches of Early Scottish History, p. 30 ; Introduction to the Scottish
National MSS.)
E. W. Robertson, Early Kings (i., p. 249, and II., p. 499): "Such
NOTES I. 221
were the Irish charters in the Book of Kells, . . . the Welsh in
the Book of Llandaff, and the Memoranda in the Register of the
Priory of St. Andrews."
p. i. Gaelic. Much interest was excited by the language in which
the notitiae are written. It is Irish. Mr. Cosmo Innes (National
MSS. of Scotland) said : "We cannot assert that it is identical with
the Scotch Gaelic, for we have no other Scotch Gaelic writing within
many centuries of its date."
Mr. Whitley Stokes (Saturday Review, 8th Dec., 1860): "There is
hardly any distinction between the Gaelic of this MS. and the Irish of
the same period. The important difference between modern Irish and
Erse must accordingly have arisen since the twelfth century."
Mr. Skene assumed that the notitiae were written in the early part
of the reign of David I., and said: "They thus furnish us with a
specimen of the written language of the period, it is unquestionably
identic with the written Irish of the period."
p. i. Columcille. St. Columba was born circa A.D. 521. In 563
he crossed from Ireland with twelve pupils to the island of lona
and settled there ; afterwards he went to the mainland and
converted to Christianity, Brude the King of the Northern Picts.
Bede, Hist. Eccl. Gen. Angl. (Lib. in. cap. IV., i Plummer, 133) :
"Siquidem anno incarnationis dominicae DLXV quo tempore
gubernaculum Romani imperii post lustinianum lustinus minor
accepit, venit de Hibernia presbyter et abbas habitu et vita monachi
insignis, nomine Columba Brittaniam, praedicaturus verbum Dei
provinciis septentrionalium Pictorum, hoc est eis quae arduis atque
horrentibus montium jugis ab australibus eorum sunt regionibus
sequestratae. . . .
" Venit autem Brittaniam Columba, regnante Pictis Bridio filio
Meilochon, rege potentissimo, nono anno regni ejus, gentemque illam
verbo et exemplo ad fidem Christi convertit."
See also the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, under date A.D. 565 (Rolls
edition, vol. 2, p. 16).
p. i. Drostan. A life of St. Drostan is in the Breviary of Aberdeen.
" Beatus Drostanus regali progenie Scottorum ortus, cum ad matu-
ram pervenisset aetatem, audito Dominicae incarnationis et passionis
mysterio in ipsis puerilibus annis repletus Spiritu Sancto omnipotente
Deo toto mentis affectu servire studuit agnoscentes ergo parentes
puerum Drostanum summo desiderio Deo deditum, ipsum tradiderunt
Beato Columbae avunculo suo in Hibernia conversant!, liberalibus
studiis imbuendum. Cumque postea apud Dalquongale habitum
religionis suscepisset defuncto ejus abbate ejusdem loci beatus
Drostanus electus in abbatem ubi aliquamdiu commorans, monachis
quibus turn prefuit exemplo vitae et doctrinae multum prodesse
studuit.
" Aliquanto tempore elapso commissi sibi gregis curam non deferens
sed summo pastori Christo committens, ad secreta eremi in partibus
Scotiae se transtulit : ubi vitam eremiticam ducens in loco qui dicitur
Glenu Eske ecclesiam construxit. Omnia pro Christo secundum
evangelium reliquit qui de dignitate terrena sive honore regio quibus
jure hereditario potiri potuit non curavit et terreno renuntians regno,
222 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
humanum renuit principatium ut ad Christ! fugeret famulatum. . . .
" Ossa viro sanctissimi confessoris Drostan apud Aberdon [Aberdour]
in tumba reconduntur lapidea ubi multi diversi morborum languoribus
praegravati ejus meritis restituuntur sanitati."
Adamnan in the Life of St. Columba does not mention Drostan. It
is doubtful when he lived (Forbes, Kal., p. 327).
p. i. I, the Island of lona. Bede says of Columba : " Et praefatam
insulam [Hy] ab eis in possessionem monasterii faciendi accepit.
Neque enim magna est, sed quasi familiarum quinque juxta aestima-
tionem Anglorum, quam successores ejus usque hodie tenent, ubi et
ipse sepultus est."
To this Haddan and Stubbs add (Concil. 2, p. 107): "The Ann.
Tigh. A.D. 574 record the death of Conaill Mac Comgaill King of
Dalriada who in the I3th year of his reign 'oferavit insolam la
Columcille."'
The island is three and a half miles long, and one and a half broad,
comprising about 2000 acres, of which 600 are under cultivation.
p. i. Abbordobboir is Aberdour, a parish in a sheltered bay on the
rocky shore of Buchan in Aberdeenshire. It was here that Drostan
was buried, and the church was dedicated to him. In the beginning
of the fifteenth century the bones of the saint were preserved in a
stone chest, and many cures were believed to have been effected by
them. In the face of the rock, near where the stream falls into the
sea, is "Durstan's well." (Stuart's Book of Deer, Preface, p. n ;
2 Illustr. Aber. and Banff, p. 373.)
p. i. Bede the Pict, morraaer of Buchan. The Gaelic is "acus bede
cruthnec robomormaer buchan." Mr. Skene says the Irish form is
Besaidh. Adamnan does not mention Bede, nor any mormaer. It
would not be safe to infer from this notitia that an officer of the King
or a ruler of Buchan was called " mormaer " in the sixth century. An
Irish writer in the middle of the twelfth century might use an Irish
word which indicated the great man of the district.
Buchan is the north-eastern division of Aberdeenshire. Originally
it comprised the land between the Don and the Deveron. Except
in the "Book of Deer" there is no evidence that there ever were
mormaers of Buchan.
Mr. Stokes in the Saturday Review (8th Dec., 1860) : "This legend
is historically valuable first as preserving the title of Mormaer hitherto
only known from the Irish Annals, and next as giving the Celtic name
for Pict (Cruthnech), lastly as affording by the name Bede an argu-
ment, if such were now wanted, in favour of the Celticity of the Picts,
for that Bede is the Gaulish, Bedaios (Orelli, 1964) can hardly be
doubted."
p. i. The other town. Deer is in Buchan in Aberdeenshire about
twelve miles inland from Aberdour.
The only trace of a tradition which connects Drostan with Deer is
a notice in the Aberdeen Almanac for 1703 "Dustan fair at Deer"
on the 1 4th of December.
Dr. Pratt (Buchan, p. 128) suggested that the Columban house may
have stood on the Chapel hillock near the Chapel well in Stuartfield.
Old people were remembered who had spoken of these as St. Colm's
hillock and St. Colm's well.
NOTES I. 223
I have already said that I am not certain that there was a monas-
tery at Deer prior to the Cistercian house founded in 1219, but
many religious houses founded in Scotland before the twelfth century
were deserted or suppressed ; their existence may be inferred from
the frequency of the word Abthania, which meant Abbatia. W. F.
Skene (Notes to Fordun) mentions the Abthainries of Dull : Mad-
dyrin : Melginch : Kylmichel and Lerenach : Old Munros : Monifod
Ecclesgreig : Rossinclerach : Kyngorne : Lismore.
There were doubtless many others. It would not be wonderful
if a little community at Deer was forgotten.
p. 2. Mormaer. Mr. Skene was of opinion that Scotia was of
old divided into seven provinces — " Angus : Athol : Strathern : Fife :
Mar : Moray : Caithness, and that the rulers of each of these originally
bore the title of Ri (King), being inferior only to the Ardri (Supreme
King), and. that in the tenth century each such ruler was styled
Mormaer." (3 Skene, Celt. Scot., p. 156.)
There are few instances of the title of Mormaer in the Celtic
Chronicles. In the Pictish Chronicle (written A.D. 971-995), (Chron.
P. and S., p. 9), A.D. 939 : " Et post unum annum mortuus est Dubucan
films Indrechtaig Mormair Oengusa."
Annals of Tighernac (written circa A.D. 1088), "A.D. 976: Cellach
son of Findgaine, Cellach son of Baireda, Duncan son of Morgaind,
three Mormaers of Alban." (Chron. P. and S., p. 77 ; Collectanea
de Rebus Albanicis, p. 265.)
Annals of Buellan and Annals of Ulster : " 1014 At the battle of
Cluantarp, slain on the part of the Irish, Domnale son of Eimin son
of Cainig Mormaer of Marr, in Alban." (Collect, de Rebus Alban.,
p. 271 ; Chron. P. and S., p. 368.)
Annals of Tighernac, A.D. 1030. " Findlaec mac Ruaidhri Mormaer
Moreb a filiis fratris sui Maelbrigdi occisus est." (Chron. P. and S.,
P- 77-)
" A.D. 1032, Gillacomgain son of Maelbrigde, Mormaer of Moray,
burned with 50 of his followers." (Chron. P. and S., p. 368.)
"A.D. 1215, ' Muredach son of the Mormair of Lennox' slew the
chief of the Cenel Fergusa, with his brother, with great slaughter."
(Chron. P. and S., 374.)
I venture to think that there is no Scottish evidence that there
was a Mormaer over each province of Northern Scotland.
Angus. The earliest mention is Dubacan films Indrechtaig
Mormaer Oengusa, who died A.D. 939. Some connect him with Gil-
lebrith, Earl of Angus (1135-1197), imagining that Dufagan Conies,
who appears as a witness to Alexander I. Charter to Scon, was an
Earl of Angus, a descendant of the Mormaer who died in 939.
Even if the Scon charter be genuine, there is nothing to show that
'Dufagan Comes' was of Angus nor that the father of Gillebrith,
Earl of Angus, in the twelfth century, was Dufagan.
Athol, Strathearn, Fife. There is no record of Mormaers of these
districts.
Mar. There is a record of one Mormaer of Mar, between whom
and the first earl no connection has been traced.
Moray. The notice in the Annals of Tighernac is ambiguous. It
has been translated " Mormaer of the sons of Croeb " and " Mormaer
224 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Moreb." Taking it as Mormaer Moreb, that and the notice under
date A.D. 1032 are Irish evidence that in the eleventh century there
were Mormaers of Moray.
Caithness. There is no record of a Mormaer of Caithness.
Caithness did not form a part of Celtic Scotland ; it was held by
the Norsemen.
If there were mormaers of Buchan, it seems to me probable that they
were officers of the king, collectors of the royal revenues and dues.
p. i. And left it at his word. The misfortunes of the house of Keith
Marischal, were attributed to its having appropriated the lands of
the Cistercian Abbey of Deer, which it is said were given with
these words : " Cursed be those that taketh this away from the holy
use to which it is now dedicat." (View of the Diocese of Aberdeen,
Coll. Aber. and Banff, p. 191.)
p. i. Deara. The Gaelic word for a tear is 'deur.' The derivation
given in the Notitia has been rejected by Gaelic scholars.
p. 2. Toisech. Toisech is a Gaelic word meaning a leader. (Skene's
Notes to Fordun, p. 446 ; 2 Riddell, p. 574 ; i Chal. Caled., p. 451).
p. 2. Comgeall ... to God and to Drostan. Comgeall, Moridach,
Caerill, Culi, Baten, Domnall, Girec, Maelbrigte, Cathal, Morcunt
and Morcunn, Ruadri, Maelcoluim, Culeon, are forms of Pictish and
Irish Gaelic names. Though Mr. Skene (3 Celt. Scot, p. 56) was of
opinion that the donors were successively mormaers of Buchan, he
acknowledged that " there is nothing to shew what the connection of
these mormaers with each other was, nor when they lived."
p. 2. Orti to Furene, etc. The lands "from Orti to Furene" and
Achad-naglerech have not been identified. Altere may be Altrie ;
Bibdin may be Biffie ; Pett in Mulenn may be an old mill on the Ugie.
p. 2. And it was he who was mormaer and was toisech. This is,
I understand, the literal translation of "acusbahe robomormair acus
robothosec." Skerie preferred " the one was mormaer and the other
was toisech."
p. 2. Maelcolouim son of Cinaed. King Malcolm Mackenneth ; he
reigned A.D. 1005-1034.
p. 2. Bibdin and Pett meic Gobroig. The king's share in Bibdin,
a land which Domnall son of Ruadri and Maelcoluim son of Culeon
had given to the church.
p. 2. Two Davochs of Upper Rosabard. A davoch was a measure
of land ; it usually comprised four homesteads or small farms — each a
ploughgate. (Gordon of Straloch, Coll. Aber. and Banff, p. 10 ; Skene,
Celtic Scotland, 3, p. 223 ; Innes, Scotch Legal Antiquities, p. 271.)
p. 2. Maelcoluim son of Maelbrigte. It is said that here we have a
man known in history. Ruadri, mormaer of Moray, left two sons,
Finlaec and Maelbrigte. Finlaec was the father of Macbeth ; Mael-
brigte was the father of Malcolm and Gilcomgain, who killed their
uncle Finlaec in 1020. Malcolm died in 1029.
Dr. Stuart said : " If the lands conveyed by them were in the neigh-
bourhood of Deer, as is likely, it is not easy to understand how the
NOTES I. 225
Mormaers of Moray could have any title as such to lands in a province
obviously subject to their rivals the kings of Alba" (Preface, Bk. of
Deer, lii.). Robertson, Early Kings, 2, p. 500: "The grants of Mal-
colm Malbride and of Lulach's son Malsnechtan, would appear to
mark the tenacity with which the family of Moray clung to their
claim of exercising proprietary rights in that province in which both
the kings who sprung from their race met their death."
p. 2. Malsnecte son of Luloeg. In a tract on the Scots of Dalriada
(Chron. P. and S., p. 317) there is a pedigree: " Maelsnechta mac
Lulaig mic Gillicomgan mic Maelbrigde mic Ruadri mic Morgaind
mic Domnall mic Cathmail mic Ruadri mic Aircellach mic Ferchair
fhoda." Annals of Ulster (Chron. P. and S., p. 370), A.D. 1085, " Maels-
nectai mac Lulaigh ri Muireb suam vitam feliciter finivit," which is
supposed to mean that he became a monk. Skene and Stuart and
Sir Archibald Dunbar identify Lulaigh ri Muireb with Lulach, who
was king of Scotland for six months in 1057.
There is an obscure passage in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 2, p. 183,
A.D. 1078 : " In this year King Malcolm won the mother of Maelslaet . . .
and all his best men and all his treasure and his cattle, and he himself
escaped with difficulty."
On the authority of that passage, Freeman, Nor. Con., IV., p.
662; Robertson, Early Kings, i., p. 139; Skene, Celt. Scot., I.,
p. 427, and Sir Archibald Dunbar, Scottish Kings, p. 28, narrate a
revolt of the Moray men under Malsnechtan in 1078, and a sanguinary
and decisive victory for Malcolm, followed by Malsnechtan's retreat
to Lochaber, and his death there seven years afterwards.
p. 2. Domnal, son of Mac Dubbacin. This seems to record the gifts
of three brothers, Domnal, Cathal, and Cainnech who gave lands,
while Cathal besides gave his toisech's share and a dinner each
Christmas and Easter to a hundred people who came to the church.
Cainnech may be the father of Gartnait. (No. xcv., ante, p. 77.)
p. 2. Alterin alia, etc. Skene reads " Alterin of Ailvethenamone "
and " Eddarun."
p. 2. All these offerings. The words from " in freedom . . . judg-
ment " are written in a different ink. Presumably these donations and
this exemption from mormaers and toisechs were granted after King
Grig (circa A.D. 880) " dedit libertatem ecclesiae Scoticanae quae sub
servitute erat usque ad illud tempus ex consuetudine et more
Pictorum." (Chron. P. and S., p. 151.)
p. 2. And the Lord's blessing, etc., is taken from another page of
the MS.
p. 2. After them, then comes the grant by Gartnait, No. xcv., ante,
P. 77-
p. 2. Donchat, son of Mac Bethad. The editor of Illustr. Aber.
and Banff, 4, p. 548, thinks that this grant was made between A.D.
1132-1153. Perhaps it was attested by witnesses.
p. 2. Achad Madchor may be Auchmachar, three miles from Deer.
p. 3. Scale Merlech may be Skellymarns, about a mile beyond
Auchmachar to the north.
226 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
p. 3. Clan Canan. Dr. Stuart presumes that the Clan lived in
Buchan, near enough to Deer to give the toisech an interest in the
Monastery. Alden may be Aden ; if so, the description perhaps
includes part of the high ground at Pitfour.
p. 3. Against it. Following this is the grant by Colbain the mor-
maer and his wife, No. evil., ante, p. 84, and then the Latin charter
No. CCXXIIL, ante, p 180.
II.
This letter is not in Quercetanus' edition of Alcuin's works
published in 1617.
A part of it was printed by Archbishop Ussher in De primordiis
Brittan. Ecclesiae, p. 669, and in Froben's edition of Alcuin, Vol. i.,
p. 297, published in 1777.
Haddan and Stubbs (2 Concil., p. 8) printed the whole letter from a
MS. in Cott. MSS. Vesp. A. 14, fol. 160.
Alcuin desires the prayers of the monks of Candida Casa. In
poems sent to him by his pupils at York he had lately heard of the
learning and holiness and miracles of St. Ninian. He has sent a
silk cloth to cover the shrine.
Alcuin was born at York, A.D. 735. He described himself as " ab
Eboracensibus ab infantia usque ad virilem aetatem educatum."
About 781 he went to Aachen to assist the Emperor Karl the Great
in his reform of education.
He spent two years in England, in 790-92. Leaving Aachen about
796 he lived at Tours as abbot of St. Martin's, and afterwards as head
of the school, till his death, igth May, 804.
p. 3. Diaconus. Alcuin in many of his letters styles himself
" humilis levita," in others " diaconus."
p. 3. Fratres Sancti Niniani Candidae Casae. These were the
monks of the monastery of Candida Casa in Wigtonshire.
The earliest notice of St. Ninian is in Bede, lib. 3. cap. 4, written
circa A.D. 731 (Plummer's edition, I., p. 133).
" Namque ipsi australes Picti qui intra eosdem montes habent
sedes multo ante tempore, ut perhibent, relicto errore idolatriae,
fidem veritatis acceperant praedicante eis verbum Nynia episcopo
reverentissimo et sanctissimo viro de natione Brettonum qui erat
Romae regulariter fidem et mysteria veritatis edoctus ; cujus sedem
episcopatus, Sancti Martini episcopi nomine et ecclesia insignem, ubi
ipse etiam corpore una cum pluribus sanctis requiescit, jam nunc
Anglorum gens obtinet. Qui locus, ad provinciam Berniciorum pertin-
ens, vulgo vocatur ad Candidam Casam, eo quod ibi ecclesiam de
lapide, insolito Brettonibus more fecerit."
NOTES I.-II. 227
Dr. Plummer's note to this is (2 Bede, p. 128) : " It is to be noted
that Bede does not profess to give the account of St. Ninian as
more than a tradition * ut perhibent. ' "
The date when St. Ninian lived has not been fixed with certainty.
Ailred stated that the church of Candida Casa was being built when
St. Martin died (circa A.D. 400), but Ailred's Life of St. Ninian is
historically worthless : he wrote more than 600 years after St. Martin's
death.
Several writers who are entitled to the highest respect (Bishop
Forbes, W. F. Skene, and Dr. Plummer) are of opinion that about
A.D. 500 Candida Casa at Whithern was a "great seminary
of secular and religious instruction." They identified it with a
" Magnum Monasterium " called " Rosnat." The evidence for this
seems insufficient, but whether Rosnat was at Whithern or in Ireland,
it must have been a poor school of virtue.
Drust, King of the Britains (A.D. 523-526), sent his daughter Drustice
to Rosnat to be taught by Mugent, a famous teacher. Drustice fell in
love with a fellow pupil, Reoch. Another student personating Reoch
got the princess with child. Mugent ordered a youth to lie in wait
in the church to strike the seducer with an axe, and the blow fell on
Mugent's own head. His pious prayer on the occasion is preserved
(Kalendars of Scottish Saints, p. 292). Bishop Forbes says of this story:
" It is a little picture of early manners which enlivens the scene."
In the sixth century the church founded by St. Ninian and
dedicated to St. Martin had fallen into decay (2 Concil., p. 5).
It is probable that a new church (dedicated to St. Ninian) was
built by St. Monenna (who died A.D. 517). Galloway again became
heathen (2 Bede, p. 343). In the eighth century Christianity was
restored, and a Bishopric was founded at Candida Casa, of which
Pecthelm was Bishop, about A.D. 731. (Bede, Hist. Eccl., lib. v. ch. 23.)
He died in A.p. 735 (2 Plummer's Bede, p. 343, 2 Concil., p. 7). There
was a succession of Bishops which ended with Badulf, who lived until
A.D. 803 (2 Concil., p. 7).
After the death of Bishop Badulf the church and monastery fell
into ruin. The Bishopric with a chapter of canons was revived in
the reign of King David I. (Nos. LXIII. and LXIV., ante, pp. 53-54).
p. 3. Per carmina metricae artis. Froben says: "Utinam (ita
optandum cum commentatore Antverpiensi) ad nos pervenissent car-
mina ilia ! cum enim auctor illorum ad S. Niniani aetatem accedat
propius, certiora haberemus monumenta ad illustranda ejusdem gesta:
quae enim nunc supersunt non nisi dubiam notitiam actorum sancti
episcopi subministrant."
p. 3. Nostros discipulos Eboracensis ecclesiae. Alcuin was a teacher
at York for many years. There are several letters from him "ad
fratres Eboracenses."
p. 4. Nyniga corpus [velum]. The MS. has "suum." Haddan and
Stubbs read "velum" (2 Concil., p. 8), Dr. Plummer suggested
"sagum" (2 Bede, 129).
The Irish said that St. Ninian died at Chiam Conaire in Leinster,
but the Scots believed that the Saint died and was buried at Whit-
hern. There was a constant stream of pilgrims to St. Ninian's grave at
Whithern until the Reformation (Bp. Forbes' Kalendars, pp. i and u).
228 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
III.
This notitia is in the Register of the Priory of St. Andrews among
other documents relating to St. Serf's island, compiled " ex antiquis
donationibus et collationibus Regum Scotiae ad ecclesiam Sancti Ser-
vani de insula Loch Leuin . . . et ea quae in subsequentibus brevi-
loquio tangemus omnibus ambagibus abjectis et circumscriptis veteris
voluminis antique Scotorum idiomate conscripti. . . ." It was printed
in the Bannatyne Club Edition of the Register, p. 113; in Reeves'
Culdees, p. 125 ; and in 2 Concil., p. 147.
By this the abbot and brethren of St. Serf's island, about A.D. 950,
resigned their property to Bishop Fothad, on condition that the Bishop
should give them food and clothing and his episcopal protection.
p. 4. Brude filius Dergard. Skene (Celt. Scot., 2, p. 258) was of
opinion that King Brude, who befriended St. Serf, was not the last
King of the Picts (who died A.D. 843), but an earlier King Brude,
son of Derili, who died A.D. 706.
" If St. Serf was a contemporary of St. Adamnan, it is impossible
that the King who assisted him was the last King of the Picts. If
the story of King Brude and St. Serf be not altogether legendary,
the King who befriended him was Brude who died in 706."
A chronicle of the Picts and Scots (Chron. P. and S., p. 201) records
" Brude fitz Dergert xxxi. an. En quel temps vient Sains Servanus
en Fiffe."
Wyntoun, v., 12, line 5199 :
Brwde Dargardys sowne, in Scotland
Kyng oure the Peychtyis than regnand
Was movyd in gret crwallte
Agayne the Saynct and his menyhe
Bot this Kyng ourtakyne wes
Suddanly wyth gret seknes
And at the prayer specyalle
Off Saynt Serffe he wes mad hale
The Kyng than fell fra that purpos
And gave till Saynt Serffe all Culros
Syne fra Culros he past ewyn
To the Inche off Lowchlewyn
The King Brud off devotyoune
Mad till Saynct Serff donatyowne
Off that Inch. . . .
Dr. Reeves (Culdees, p. 125) holds that the Brude who in this
notitia is said to have given the island of Loch Leven to St. Serf
was the last King of the Picts, Brude, son of Feredach, who reigned
for one year and died in 843, " the chronological note of his having
NOTES III.-IV. 229
been the last King of the Picts is a stronger traditional feature than
his parentage."
p. 4. Insulam Lochleuine. Loch Leven is an inland lake in Fife and
Kinross shires. The island is now known as St. Serf's ; it is about 80
acres in extent, 5 furlongs long, and 4 furlongs wide at its widest part.
p. 4. Sancto Servano. It is supposed that St. Serf lived in the
latter part of the seventh century. His life is given by Wyntoun
(5. 12, line 5138 et seg.). In Bishop Marsh's Library in Dublin is
the MS. of which Wyntoun made use, which Mr. Skene printed (Chron.
P. and S., p. 412). See also Forbes' Introduction to Life of St.
Kentigern, p. Ixv. The earlier part of the life is legend ; possibly
it begins to be authentic when it says that Servanus left Rome, and
after perils of journey came to the Firth of Forth ; that there he met
Saint Edheunanus, who ordered him to convert the people of Fife ;
that Brude, king of the Picts, gave him Culenros, where he dedicated
a cemetery and a church ; that afterwards Edheunanus gave him the
island in Loch Leven, where he founded a monastery.
p. 4. Keledei. The writer of this notitia applied to the early settlers
on the island in Loch Leven the name Keledei, by which they were
known when he wrote. But the name was not applied to hermits
until the end of the eighth century. (2 Concil, p. 118, and Reeves'
Culdees, p. 8.)
p. 4. Precario. Precarium was an alienation of property (commonly
with a view to protection at the hands of the alienee), the alienor
retaining the usufruct in whole or in part. It was a grant reserving
the granter's liferent. (2 Concil., p. 147.)
" On appelait precaire, au moyen age, toute concession viagere des
biens de 1'Eglise, soit qu'on recommandait sa propriety et qu'on la
reprit seulement en usufruit, soit que 1'Eglise soignait une donation a
la propriete qu'elle rendait en usufruit.
" On sait que la duree du prdcaire dtait determinee et qu'elle se
bornait d'ordinaire a la vie du preneur et a celle de sa femme, s'il etait
marie.
"II n'etait pas rare cependant que les donateurs reservassent le
precaire k leurs descendants, avec obligation de payer la redevance a
laquelle ils etaient eux-memes assujettis." (Aurelien de Courson,
Chartulaire de 1'Abbaye de Redon. Prolegomene, p. 297.)
p. 4. Fothath filio Bren. Fothad, " in Scottis summus episcopus."
Before A.D. 955 (2 Concil., 148 ; Chron. P. and S., p. 190), he was
expelled by King Indulf, who reigned from A.D. 954-962. The Bishop
died A.D. 963-970. (2 Concil., p. 148 ; Skene, Celt. Scot., 2, 327 ; Keith,
p. 5 ; Reeves, Culdees, 125.) The cover for his copy of the Gospels
was preserved and bore this inscription : " Hanc evangelii thecam
construxit aviti P'othud, qui Scotis primus episcopus est" (Keith,
Pref. xvii).
IV.
This is in the Register of the Bishopric of Aberdeen. A. fol. 47,
B. folio 36. Spalding Club Edition, p. 3. (A) The Registrum Album
230 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
was compiled not earlier than A.D. 1350, (B) was written as late as
1520-1550.
The charter is spurious (2 Skene, Celt. Scot., p. 379 ; I Rob., Early
Kings, p. 99; I Hill Burton, p. 36; Cosmo Innes, Preface to Reg. Epis.
Aber., xi; 2 Concil., p. 154). It is of no consequence whether the
author meant to pass it off as a charter of Malcolm II. or of Malcolm
III. I think it was intended to be read as one by the earlier King.
p. 4. Malcolmus Rex Scottorum. The tradition was that the monas-
tery of Mortlach was founded by Malcolm II. as a thank offering for
a victory in 1010. " Anno regni sui septimp de multimodis sibi collatis
a Deo beneficiis continue recolens, quid illi retribueret, mente solicita
revolvit. Spiritus Sancti tandem operante gratia, divinum augere
cultum corde concipiens, novam episcopalem [constituit] sedem
apud Murthillach, non procul a loco, quo, superatis Norguigensibus
victoriam obtinuit, ecclesiis et praediorum redditibus plurimis prae-
dotatam " (Fordun, 4. 40).
Boece, Bk. XL, Ch. 16, wrote that, in a battle at Mortlach between
Malcolm II. and the Northmen, at a moment when the result was
uncertain, the King raised his hands towards a chapel of Saint Moloc
and prayed for aid, and vowed to build a church, and, being victorious,
he founded the monastery.
p. 5. Episcopo Beyn . . . sedes episcopalis. (Fordun, 4. 40 :)
"Hujus autem dyocesis sive territorium ab amne sive fluvio qui dicitur
Dee transversum protendens usque fluvium de Spec, ... ad hanc
sedem primus episcopus vir Sanctus et episcopatu dignus cui nomen
Beyn ad regis instantiam a Domino Papa Benedicto promotus est."
Haddan and Stubbs consider that Mortlach was an Episcopalian
Monastery rather than an Episcopal See.
Of Bishop Beyn, Skene, Celt. Scot., 2, p. 380, says, " In the Scottish
Calendars, St. Beyn appears both on 26 October and on 16
December. The Breviary of Aberdeen has on 26 October : * Beyn
Episcopus,' and in Adam King's Calendar he is called Bishop of
Murthelach, but in the Martyrology of Aberdeen he is identified with
St. Beyn of Fowlis in Strathern, who, we learn from the life of St.
Cadroe, lived in the ninth century. Dempster in his Menologium has
him also at 16 December as Bishop of Murthlach, but this is also
the day of St. Mobheoc in the Irish Calendar, whose name was also
Beoan, ... he must have lived before the eighth century."
p. 5. Morthelach is a parish in the centre of Banffshire. It is
probable that a church dedicated to St. Moloc existed before the time
of King Malcolm II. That Saint (known also as Lughaid of Lismore)
is said to have been a pupil of St. Brandan. He died A.D. 593 ; his
festival was on the 25th of June (Ann. Tigh., Chron. P. and S.,
p. 67).
p. 5. Ecclesiam de Cloueth : Clova in Aberdeenshire, now united
with Kildrummy.
p. 5. Ecclesiam de Dulmech. Either Drumoak, which in early
times was called Dulmayok, while the common pronunciation was
Dalmaik, or a chapel in the parish of Glass.
ofPL
NOTES IV.-V. 231
p. 5. Octavo die mensis Octobris anno regni meo sexto, A.D. 1010
or if by Malcolm III., A.D. 1063.
V.
In the Register of the Priory of St. Andrews, fol. 51 a, Bannatyne
Club Edition, p. 114, it is headed "qualiter Machbet filius
finlach et Gruoch dederunt Sancto Servano Kyrknes."
It records a gift of the land of Kirkness by Macbeth and Gruoch,
King and Queen of Scotland, A.D. 1040-1057. The monk proceeded
to describe the boundaries of Kirkness, one of which in his day was
called the Irishmen's Stone, so he digressed to tell how, in the reign
of Malcolm III., it got that name.
p. 5. Macbeth filius Finlach began to reign I4th August, 1040 —
the day on which he murdered King Duncan — and reigned until i$th
August, 1057, when he was killed in battle.
5. Kyrkeness. It lies in the parish of Portmoak to the south-east
och Leven. The grant was repeated by King Donald Bane.
The boundaries of Kirkness were frequently in dispute (see No.
LXXX., ante, p. 66, and Reg. Prior. St. And., pp. I, 6). The Priors of
St. Serf's resided at the Prior's Ward in Kirkness. Kirkness passed
with the other lands of the Priory to the Priory of St. Andrews. After
the Reformation the superiority was held by the Earls of Morton for
several generations. In 1591 Kirkness, with the Manor-house of the
Priors, belonged to the Aytons of Kinaldie.
p. 5. Pethmokanne. Haddan and Stubbs suppose that it is now called
Portmoak. I doubt if 'Pett' could become 'Port. Pettmochan is
probably the field of Mochan, possibly the Mochan who burned the
Irishmen. Moneloccodhan. may be the " Maresium de Monlochty"
from which flows the water of Lochty, mentioned in a perambulation
of the lands of Kirkness and Lochore in 1369 (Reg. Prior. St. And.,
p. 3). One of the boundaries mentioned on p. i of the Register is
a marsh " which is called Polnevere, and in the vulgar * the water of
Louchty.3 "
p. 5. Hinhirkethy, probably Inverkeithing.
p. 5. Saxum Hiberniensium, may be the "lapis acer qui dicitur in
vulgar! Lykyrstyne," a boundary of Kirkness (Reg. Prior. St. And., p. i).
p. 5. Malcolmus Rex filius Duncani, King Malcolm (Canmore) III.,
reigned 1057-1093.
p. 6. Cum omni libertate . . . suffragiis. This is on the same folio of
the Register (51 a). It is headed "De libertate Kyrkenes collata a
rege Macbet filio finlac et a Gruohc Regina."
The reference to the King's son, to ' vicecomites ' and to the duty of
repairing bridges, and to ' exercitus and venatio,' seem to me to show
232 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
that this part of the notitia was composed as late as the reign of
King David I.
It does not appear that the making and mending of bridges was
a burden on land in Celtic Scotland. It was part of the Saxon
law of land tenure in England as early as A.D. 694 (2 Rob., Early
Kings, p. 336 ; Lappenburg, Thorpe's Transl., I., p. 198).
We find traces of its being enforced in Scotland in the reigns of
David I. and his grandsons.
The church sought the exemption of the tenants and vassals
of Church lands from military service, except when a levy of all men
capable of bearing arms was called for. As a later charter by King
David to the Bishop of Caithness expresses it, "libera et quieta ab
omni servitio excepto communi exercitu."
" The Feacht and Sluaged (expeditio et exercitus) consisted of a
general obligation, originally upon the members of the tribe and
afterwards upon the possessors and occupiers of what had been tribe
territory, to follow their superiors and chiefs as well as the Ardri or
sovereign in his expeditions and wars. . . . These obligations seem
to have constituted what is called in charters Scottish service (ser-
mtium Scoticanuin) and were of two kinds, internal and external,
the one representing the Feacht or expedition, the other the Sluaged
or hosting." Skene, Celt. Scot., 3, p. 234.
Venatio, I understand to be the right of the king or overlord to
hunt over his vassals' land. In David I.'s charters there are several
instances of the right of forest and of exemption from venatio.
p. 6. Cum summa veneratione. This is in the Reg. Prior. St. Andr.,
fol. 5 a, Bannatyne Club Edition, p. 12.
p. 6. Bolgyne filii Torfyny. I think that the word "terram" has
been omitted, the land of Bolgyn son of Torfyny. Afterwards the land
was called Bolgyn (Bolgie in the parish of Abbotshall). Malcolm III.
granted Bolgyn to the Abbey of Dunfermline (Reg. Dunf., i, 2).
That gift was confirmed by David I., Malcolm IV., William, Alex.
II., and Alex. III. In the Register of the Priory of St. Andrews
(pp. 15 and 178), and in the Register of Dunfermline (p. 421), it
appears that the Abbey of Dunfermline received from Bolgyn half
a mark annually, the right to which, John, Abbot of Dunfermline
(ob. A.D. 1251), surrendered to the Priory of St. Andrews (p. 421, Reg.
Dunferm.).
While Dunfermline had right to half a mark from Bolgyn, the Priory
of St. Serfs had right to twenty meli of cheese and one pig from the
same land.
In the fifteenth century the lands of Bolgyn were the property of
William de Berkeley, Lord of Cullerney (in Dunbog, Fifeshire). He
had a prolonged litigation with the Prior of St. Andrews regarding
delivery of eight bolls of meal and a pig annually at Martinmas.
The litigation lasted for years (Reg. Prior. St. And., pp. 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 11-14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21). William de Berkeley was obstinate,
and would not pay. All steps were taken against him, even to excom-
munication.
The family of Barclay lived at Cullerney for at least 450 years.
A David de Berkeley was at Cullerney as early as 1350. Six
NOTES V.-VI. 233
generations later, about 1510, there was a Sir David Barclay, and
some generations after him, in 1630, another Sir David.
Robert Barclay of Cullerney was fined by Cromwell. In 1747, the
family was represented by a lady, Antonia Barclay of Cullerney,
who married one of her name, Mr. Harry Barclay; they got ^215
as compensation for the abolition of the office of Hereditary Bailie of
the Regality of Lindores.
The Barclays sold the estate to Balfour of Fernie ; the castle of
Cullerney is a ruin.
VI.
This is on folio 51 (b) of the Register of the Priory of St. Andrews ;
p. 116 of the Bannatyne Club Edition. Reeves, Culdees, p. 128;
2 Concil., 151 ; Keith, p 5, footnote c.
Malduin was Bishop of St. Andrews A.D. 1028-1055.
In the Annals of Tigernac under date A.D. 1055, "Maelduin, son of
Gillaodran, Bishop of Alban, the giver of orders to the Gael of the
clergy, died in Christ" (2 Skene, Celt. Scot., p. 343; 2 Concil., p. 153).
Wyntoun, vi., 20, line 2505 :
" Alwyne that tyme yherys thre
Wes Byschape off Saynct Andrewys Se
Maldowny — MakGillandrys than
(Off lyff [he] wes a haly man)
Wes Byschope sevyn and twenty yhere
Off Sanct Andrewys — quhen he on bere
Wes brocht, efftyr hym than Byschope
Twalda wes."
p. 6. Markinch is in Fifeshire, 4^ miles east of Leslie. There is
a tradition that there was a Culdee cell on the northern side of a ridge
in the parish.
From this notice it appears that in the eleventh century the church
of Markinch " cum tota terra " belonged to the Bishop of St. Andrews,
who granted it to the Keledei of St. Serf's island. Towards the end
of King David's reign the monastery of St. Serf's and all its possessions
including Markinch were granted to the Priory of St. Andrews.
In the latter part of the twelfth century Duncan, Earl of Fife, granted
the church of Markinch to the Priory of St. Andrews, which grant
was confirmed by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews (Reg. Prior. St. And.,
pp. 43, 152, 242), with the pertinents, i.e. twenty meli of cheese and
a pig.
Egius the son of Hugh the son of Gillemichel, Earl of Fife, granted
to the Canons of St. Andrews the church of Markinch with its tithes
and a toft on the east of the church (Reg. Prior. St. And., p. 216).
Between A.D. 1203-1228, Malcolm, Earl of Fife, confirmed his father
Earl Duncan's grant of the church of Markinch to St. Andrews (p. 244),
234 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
and the same Earl granted to God and the church of " Modhrust de
Markinge" a toft of one acre (p. 245).
On the I4th day before the Kalends of August, 1243, David, Bishop
of St. Andrews, consecrated the church of St. John the Baptist and
of St. Moldrust, confessor, at Markinch (p. 348). Bishop Forbes says
that St. Modhrust is St. Drostan.
VII.
On folio 51 (b) of the Register of the Priory of St. Andrews,
Bannatyne Club Edition, p. 116. This was printed by Keith, p. 6,
and by Reeves, Culdees, p. 128, and in 2 Concil., p. 153.
Tuthald was Bishop of St. Andrews for four years, A.D. 1055-1059
(or A.D. 1061-65). Keith, p. 4 ; 2 Skene, Celt. Scot., 344 ; Wyntoun,
VI., cap. xx., line 2510.
p. 7. Sconyn is a parish of about 4000 acres, on the south coast of
Fife, forming the west side of the bay of Largo.
As part of the possessions of the Keledei of St. Serfs island the church
passed by the grant of King David and of Robert the Bishop to the
Canons of the Priory of St. Andrews (Reg. Prior. St. And., p. 43).
The right of the Priory to the " villa ecclesiastica de Sconyn," and to the
church, was confirmed by Pope Lucius III. (p. 59) and by later Popes.
The Canons, fearful lest the old title was insufficient, obtained from
Duncan, Earl of Fife, a grant of the church of Sconyn with the land
belonging to the church, and the tithes and the offerings, and all rights
and benefits (p. 241). This was confirmed by King William the Lion
(p. 220) and by Malcolm the son of Earl Duncan (p. 244).
A grant of 20 merks annually from the revenue of the church of
Scoonie towards the building of the Cathedral was made by William,
Bishop of St. Andrews. The vicar had to take an oath that he would
pay this half-yearly, under penalty of loos, for each month's default
(p. 160). Bishop David in 1247 enlarged the grant to the building
fund "salvo altaragio vicariis qui pro tempore in eadem ecclesia minis-
traverint cum terram et decimam garbarum de Kinmuc." The Prior
and the Convent were to apply the rest of the fruits of the benefice "in
usus fabrice ecclesie" (p. 168).
29th May, 1243, Bishop David consecrated the church to St. Memme
Virgin.
The patronage and the church land remained the property of the
Priory till the Reformation.
The lands of Scoonie belonged to the Priory of St. Andrews by a
separate title (Reg. Prior. St. And., pp. 51, 54, 58, 122, 131, 143, 145,
150, 190, 206,214,233, 329).
VIII.
In the Register of the Priory of St. Andrews, fol. 51 b ; Bannatyne
Club Edition, p. 115, headed "de villa Ballecristin et ejus libertate."
Malcolm III. was the son of King Duncan. He was born about
1031. After his father's death he lived in England for about seventeen
NOTES VI.-VIII. 235
years. On the defeat and death of Macbeth and Lulach, Malcolm
became King of the Scots in March, 1057. .
It is believed by some that about A.D. 1^65 he married tngibiorg,,
the widow of Earl Thorfin, and by her was the father of King Duncan.
About the year 1/70 he married Margaret, daughter of Eadward
^theling, and niece of King Edward the Confessor, and had six sons
and two daughters.
This notitia records the grant of the vill of Balcristie which the
King and Queen made to the Keledei of Lochleven.
Lord Hailes, Annals, I., p. 35, said : " It is remarkable that Malcolm
and his Queen, zealous as they were for religion, made few donations
to the church. They began an endowment of Benedictines at Dun-
fermline, and granted an inconsiderable portion of land to the Culdees
in Fife. No other traces of their liberality to ecclesiastics are to be
discovered." This is not accurate. Queen Margaret's biographer
says that the king and queen built a " nobilis ecclesia " in honour of
the Trinity at Dunfermline, which they decorated with costly gifts,
that they gave a very beautiful crucifix to the church of St. Andrews^
and that the queen built on both sides of the Forth houses for the
crowds who went to St. Andrews to pray.
We know too that Queen Margaret restored or rebuilt the church in
lona, and settled monks there.
She built the chapel in the Castle of Edinburgh.
Queen Margaret visited the church of St. Laurence. "De B.
Laurentio dulce esset memoratu . . . qua poena arceatur omnis
feminarum accessus ab ecclesia, quae ejus apostolatui exstructa et
consecrata est in Scotia : ut nuper Regina Scotiae, inclita Margareta,
cum oblationibus aditum tentare ausa, subito sit percussa atque repulsa
sed clericorum prece restituta." (Robertson, Preface, Conciliae Scotiae,
p. xxi note ; Gosceline of Canterbury, Act. Sanct. Maii, t. v.r
pp. 881-883, and Act. Sanct. Feb., I., p. 294).
Some antiquaries refer the establishment of a monastery or bishopric
at Mortlach to Malcolm III., others ascribe it to Malcolm II. Malcolm
III. founded a monastery at Monymusk.
p. 7. Ballecristin. Balcristie is in the parish of Newburn in Fife-
shire. Though this grant is of the "villa" which might include the
whole land, the monks of St. Serf's had no more than a can or rent.
David I. gave to the Abbey of Dunfermline "Balcristie cum suis
rectis divisis in pratis et pascuis excepta rectitudine quam Keledei
habere debent cum omnibus rebus ad eas juste pertinentibus sicut
datae fuerunt praedictae ecclesiae in dotem die qua dedicata fuit."
When the lands of the Priory of St. Serf's were transferred to the
Priory of St. Andrews, the rights of the former in Balcristie were
twenty meli of grain (ordei) (Reg. Prior. St. And., p. 43).
236 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
This joint ownership of St. Andrews and Dunfermline led to a
dispute which was heard by King William the Lion. He decided that
the monks of Dunfermline had right to the land, paying to the canons
of St. Andrews the " elemosina " which the Keledei had from Balcristie
in the time of King David (Reg. Dunf., p. 34).
The Priory of St. Andrews as representing St. Serfs retained an
interest in Balcristie until the beginning of the fourteenth century, and
probably till the dissolution of the house at the Reformation (Reg.
Prior. St. And., pp. 125, 175, 177).
IX.
Printed in Scala Chronica, ed. Stevenson, Edinb., 1836, Note, p.
222, from MS. Cotton (probably Nero A. vn.), in Epistol. Lanfranci,
No. 61, and in 2 ConciL, p. 155.
This letter was written after A.D. 1070, the year in which Lanfranc
became Archbishop of Canterbury and in which Queen Margaret was
married, and before A.D. 1089, when the Archbishop died.
The queen had asked Lanfranc to send her an able churchman,
probably to assist her in the reform of the Scottish church. He sent
Goldwin and two " fratres."
It is difficult to reconcile these relations between the court of
Scotland and the see of Canterbury with the statement of some
historians that in A.D. 1072, at the Council of Windsor, Lanfranc
assigned to York the primacy over Scotland. Alexander I. said that
Scotland was no party to this compact, but " if a chronicler of York,
writing in the fourteenth century, can be trusted it was . . . sanctioned,
on the part of the Scottish state, by King Malcolm and Queen
Margaret, and on the part of the Scottish church by the Bishop
of St. Andrews." (Stubbs, Chron. Pontif. Eccl. Ebor., col. 1709,
quoted by Jos. Robertson, Preface, Concil. Scotiae, p. xxv).
Queen Margaret, however, chose Lanfranc as her spiritual father, and
sought his advice and help.
Mr. Joseph Robertson (Preface, Concil. Scotiae, p. xxii) collected
the evidence as to the reforms desired and insisted on by the Queen :
(1) That Lent should commence on Ash Wednesday instead of on
the Monday after it ;
(2) That the Eucharist should be celebrated on Easter day ;
(3) That Mass should be said according to the use of the western
church and not (as in some parts of Scotland) after a barbarous
ritual ;
(4) That Sunday should be observed as a day of rest ;
(5) That marriage within prohibited degrees should not be recog-
nised ;
NOTES VIII.-X. 237
(6) And that other abuses contrary to Holy Scripture should be
corrected.
It is not improbable that Goldwin and the other monks took part
in the Council at which Queen Margaret endeavoured to convince the
Scottish clergy of their errors. We know nothing of the time and
place of the meeting of the Council. It would be interesting to be
told what was the attitude of Bishop Fothad — did he oppose or
approve Queen Margaret's views ?
p. 7. Lanfrancus was born at Pavia, circa A.D. 1005. He became
prior of Bee in 1045, and abbot of Caen in 1066. In 1070 he was
consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury. He died in 1089.
p. 7. Lectis litteris tuis quas . . . misisti. These letters have not
been preserved.
p. 8. Non sum quod putas. Haddan and Stubbs read " Non sum
quod petas."
p. 8. Carissimus frater noster dominus Goldewinus . . . Mr. Freeman
(Norm. Con., iv., p. 511) says that the name Goldewinus suggests that
he was an Englishman.
X.
This is in the MSS. collection of Sir James Balfour in the Advocates'
Library, Edinburgh. Printed in the Bannatyne Club Edition of the
Register of Dunfermline, Appendix I., p. 417.
All are agreed that the charter is a forgery. The certificate by
Sir James Balfour, "concordat cum autographo in omnibus," is an
instance of that antiquary's want of accuracy, nay of truthfulness.
p. 9. In Monte Infirmorum, a fanciful name for Dunfermline.
Dunfermline was a royal residence in the reign of King Malcolm III.
He was residing there when Edgar Atheling and his sisters arrived in
the Forth in 1068, and there they stayed the whole winter (Freeman,
Nor. Con., iv., p. 195).
Mr. Freeman in Note BB., Nor. Con., iv., p. 782, discussed the
evidence as to the date of the marriage of Malcolm and Margaret ;
he held that it took place in 1070.
"Erat enim locus ille naturaliter in se munitissimus, densissima
silva circumdatus, praeruptis rupibus premunitus. In cujus medio
erat venusta planicies, etiam rupibus et rivulis munita, quod de
ea dictum esse putaretur, non homini facilis, vix adeunda feris
(Fordun, V., 15).
In the Life of Queen Margaret it is said that immediately after her
marriage with Malcolm III. the Queen, in that place where the nuptials
were celebrated, as a lasting memorial of her name and her piety,
238 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
founded a church, which she dedicated to the Holy Trinity, and
enriched with numerous ornaments, vessels of solid gold, and an
inestimable crucifix formed of gold, silver, and precious stones.
p. 9. Concessi enim . . . abbatiae. The monastery at Dunfermline
•did not become an abbey until A.D. 1128.
p. 9. Omnes terras et villas Pardusin. . . . Though this charter is
spurious, it is certain that Malcolm III. and his queen did endow
the church of Dunfermline.
Pardusin, Pitnaurcha, Pittecorthin, Petbachichin, Lauar, and Bolgyn
lay in Fife not far from Dunfermline. Kirkcaldy is on the coast of
the Firth of Forth, to the east of Dunfermline, and Inveresk is near
Edinburgh, on the other side of the Forth.
p. 9. Testibus. Sir James Dalrymple, Coll., p. 228, says : " Nothing
in the matter or the witnesses to this charter disagreeth with the time,
for in his reign M'Duff is said to be Earl of Fife and Merles wine to
have come to Scotland with Prince Eadgar and his sister Margaret :
I would rather take it to be a charter by Malcolm IV., for I have seen
one by Arnold, Bishop of St. Andrews, in the Lawyers Librarie, and
.amongst the witnesses are Duncanus comes, Merleswine and Neis
films Will. And as Arnold was Bishop in the reign of King Malcolm
IV., so I have seen a charter ... by King William in the beginning of
his reign to Merleswine of the lands of Ardross ; no doubt this
Merleswine was descended of that Merleswine that came in with
Queen Margaret."
The list of witnesses is spurious ; there is no mention in any other
record of " Ivo Kelledeorum abbas." I will not say, as some do,
that Macduff is a myth, but it may be doubted whether the Macduff of
Macbeth's time survived until the marriage of Malcolm and Margaret.
Duncan did not become Earl of Fife until about A.D. 1136. " Araldus
comes " is unknown.
Merleswain (Freeman calls him " Sheriff" Maerleswegn, N. Con.
IV., p. 195) accompanied Edgar Atheling and his sisters to Scot-
land in 1068 (Anglo-Saxon Chron., pp. 171, 174), but it does not
appear that he settled in Scotland.
There were Merleswains in Fifeshire in the thirteenth century,
Merleswain son of Merleswain, Merleswain son of Colban, Christina
daughter of Merleswain and wife of Ewin de Monorgrunt, and several
others. Neis son of William and Merleswain lived in the reign of
William the Lion.
I have not, in the text, included a Charter of Homage, which has
been unanimously rejected as a forgery. It is as follows :
"Malcolmus Dei Gratia Rex Scotorum et Insularum adjacentium
omnibus Christianis ad quos praesentes litterae pervenerint salutem,
tarn Danis et Anglis quam Scotis, Sciatis nos et Edwardum primo-
genitum filium nostrum et heredem, Comitem de Carrick et de
Rotsaye recognovisse nos tenere totum regnum nostrum Scotiae et
insulas adjacentes de excellentissimo domino Edward o filio Ethelredi
nuper Regis Angliae superiore domino regni Scotiae et insularum
adjacentium per Hpmagium ligium et fidelitatem prout antecessores et
progenitores nostri pro antea temporibus retroactis satis notabiliter
recognoverunt et fecerunt prout per antiquiora recorda coronae satis
NOTES X.-XI. 239
nobis constat. Quare ex jure directo nos devenimus homines vestros
O Domine noster serenissime Edwarde fili Ethelredi Rex Angliae et
superior Dominus Scotiae et insularum adjacentium, durante vita
nostra contra omnes homines vobiscum vivere et mori tanquam ligii
subditi vestri fidelis et ligiam fidelitatem vobis et heredibus vestris
portabimus sic Deus nos adjuvet et Sanctum Dei judicium.
"In cujus rei testimonium praesentibus sigillum nostrum apponi
fecimus pro nobis et filio nostro praedicto apud Eboracum quinto die
Junii anno regni nostri nono in parliamento praedicti domini superioris
nostri ibidem tanto ex consensu et consilio Margaretae consortis
nostrae filiae Edwardi filii Edmundi ferrei lateris Edgari Atheling
fratris ejusdem consortis nostrae et quam plurium magnatum aliorum
regni nostri praedicti."
"The laborious Rymer, searching for materials for his great work,
discovered in the Chapter House at Westminster the forged Charter
of Homage by Malcolm Canmor and his son to Edward the Confessor.
Somewhat rashly, 'perhaps unwittingly' (as Sir Thomas Hardy says),
he gave it an importance to which it was by no means entitled, by
causing it to be engraved in facsimile." " Sir Francis Palgrave has
given a full and interesting account of this charter and some other
forged documents of a later date, still in the Exchequer, where they
were deposited, November 1457 (36 Hen. VI.), by John Hardyng, the
poet and chronicler, who professed to have obtained them at the risk
of his life, and to have been offered one thousand marks of gold by
James I. to give them up. He was rewarded by a pension of £,2,0
out of the Exchequer, and there can be little doubt he was the author
of the whole collection. Apart from its having been the occasion of a
great literary warfare, the document is a curiosity in its bold anachron-
isms and sweeping acknowledgment of homage." Duffus Hardy,
Foedera, Vol. I., Pref. xxxix.
The charter was printed by Anderson in 1705 in his "Essay on
Scotland, Imperial and Independent." He professed to have taken
it "from a copper-plate copy, the original being of late somewhat
defaced."
Margaret was not married to Malcolm III. until after the death of
Edward the Confessor ; Edward, their eldest son, could not have done
homage to a king who died years before he was born ; the eldest son
of the King of Scotland was not styled Earl of Carrick and Rothesay
until the reign of Robert the Bruce.
XI.
In the Register of the Priory of St. Andrews, fol. 52 a, Bannatyne
Club Edition, p. 117. Reeves, Culdees, p. 128.
Haddan and Stubbs (2 ConciL, 153) identify Bishop Modach as
Fothad, the second Bishop of St. Andrews of that name, from A.D. 1059
till A.D. 1093.
240 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
This bishop performed the ceremony of the marriage of Malcolm
and Margaret :
" Off Saynt Andrewys the byschape than
The secimd Fothawch, a cunnand man
Devotly mad that sacrament,
That thai then tuk in gud intent."
(Wyntoun, vn. iii., line 271.)
Fothad, " Chief Bishop of Alban, is said to have professed subjec-
tion to the Archbishop of York between A.D. 1070 and 1093, . . . but
the authority for the story is . . . that of apartizan" (2 Concil., p. 160).
Annals of Ulster A.D. 1093, " Fothadh, high bishop of Alban, rested
in Christ."
p. 9. Hurkenedorath. It has been suggested (Reeves, Culdees,
p. 129), that this is Auchterderran, a parish in the Deanery of
Fothrif, in the S.W. of Fife, of nearly 8000 acres, now rich
in minerals. So far as I know, Auchterderran did not belong to
St. Serf's, and the word Hurkenedorath could not, I think, become
Auchterderran. I am not able to identify it. Hurkenedorath is the
same (I suppose) as the villa de Hurhynderach (Reg. Prior. St. And.,
p. 16). It is called Hurhyndemuch (Bull of Pope Innocent, IV.,
ib. p. 104). Hurwarderec occurs in a charter by John, Prior of
St. Andrews, of the barony of Kirkness (ib. p. 177).
p. 10. Prestationes et canones. "Tria pensitationum genera re-
censent scriptores, canonem oblationem et indictionem, ac canon sunt
quidem seu canonici tituli solemnes et antiquae praestationes, indictio
quicquid praeter canonem indicitur, oblatio denique aurum et argen-
tum quod largitionibus infertur."
Chalmers, Caledonia, I., p. 433 : " This is a very curious, but
obscure extract from the Register of the Priory of St. Andrews. . . .
It is apparent, however, that all those prestations were customary dues
of ancient times, before the age of Fothald, the word canon being
formerly used for any prestation, pension, or customary payment. . . .
The Chudreme is the Irish Cudthrom . . . which signified weight. . . .
The ' Male ' seems also to be a Celtic term for some payment. ' Mai '
in the Irish signifies a rent, a tribute." . . . Compare the Scottish term
" Maills and duties."
XII.
The original charter on parchment is preserved in the Treasury
of the Cathedral of Durham. It has often been printed, by Sir
Jas. Dalrymple in 1705 (Collect, p. 229), by Canon Smith in A.D. 1722,
in his folio edition of Bede, p. 760, and by Haddan and Stubbs
(Concil., 2, p. 165). A facsimile is given by Anderson, Diplomata,
pi. iv. ; Robertson's Index, p. 153, A.D. 1798; and in the National MSS.
of Scotland, Pt. I.
NOTES XI.-XII. 241
Lord Hailes (Annals, i., p. 49) : " I should be apt to suspect the
authenticity of this charter, if so many antiquaries had not appealed to
it as genuine. . . . The form of the seal and the style of the figure
on it are not free from suspicion."
Chalmers impugned the genuineness of the charter on account of
both its form and its substance. He said, confidently, " The Charter
of Duncan is as putative as his birth and title."
Mr. Cosmo Innes (Scotland in the Middle Ages, p. 79): "The
rude pinning of a seal to it has raised some suspicion with regard to
its genuineness, but I think without foundation. The appending of
the seal is apparently a modern and clumsy attempt to add a sort of
authentication which the charter did not want."
Canon Smith described the seal : " In sigillo cernitur effigies
hominis armati equo sedente circa quam inscriptio haec est. + Sigillum
Dunecani regis Scotorum."
Mr. W. Robertson inspected the charter at Durham in 1793. ^e
said (Index, p. 153): "It has a seal appended at the right hand
corner, on brownish wax, with the impression of a warrior on horse-
back. There has been a circumscription, now crumbled off, but * sigill
. . . orum ' is still legible."
Dr. Raine, N. Durham, pp. 374-75, dealt at great length with
Chalmers' objections to the charter. He said : "The more attentively
I have considered it, the more firmly I am convinced that it is a genuine
document." Mr. Skene and Sir A. Dunbar accepted it as genuine.
Duncan was a son of Malcolm III., but whether he was a bastard
or was a legitimate son of a marriage with Ingibiorg, widow of Earl
Thorfin, is uncertain. He was given as a hostage by King Malcolm
to William the Conqueror, was a prisoner at the time of the Con-
queror's death, was released by Duke Robert, was knighted, and
served at the English court.
If this charter be genuine it was probably granted when Duncan
was at Durham, in A.D. 1094, on his way to Scotland to attack King
Donald and to try to win the kingdom. Turgot, prior of Durham^
may have urged him to grant to St. Cuthbert lands in Lothian which
had of old belonged to the church. Though he describes himself as
a king, Duncan was then only a claimant.
King Donald was defeated, Duncan was accepted as king, but soon
the Scots gathered together and killed almost all his followers ; he
and only a few escaped ; afterwards he agreed to dismiss his English
and French comrades, but on 12 November, 1094, about six months
from his first entering Scotland, he was killed, and the Scots again
took Donald to be their king.
Q
242 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
p. 10. Tiningeham, etc. Two estates are granted in this charter :
(1) Tiningeham, Aldeham, Scuchale, and Cnolle are in the parish
of Whitekirk and Tyningham.
(2) Hatherwick and Broxmouth are in the parish of Dunbar.
They belonged of old to a monastery at Tyningham.
When St. Cuthbert was a boy, his home was on the banks of the
Tyne near Tyningham, and one of his early miracles was effected in
aid of the monks. Between A.D. 651 and 686 the monks were re-
placed by nuns. In 686 St. Cuthbert visited the nunnery when Verca
the abbess gave him a shroud.
St. Baldred (ob. A.D. 756) restored the monastery at Tyningham.
Simeon of Durham speaks of "Tota terra quae pertinet ad monas-
terium Sancti Balthere quod vocatur Tinningaham a Lombormore
usque ad Escemuth" (Surtees edn., p. 140).
In A.D. 941, Anlape "spoiled the church of St. Baldred and burned
Tyningham."
There is no evidence as to the possession of the lands of the monas-
tery of Tyningham between A.D. 941 and A.D. 1093.
This grant of Tyningham, etc., was inoperative ; the monks of St.
Cuthbert at Durham never possessed these lands.
Fodanus Episcopus, Fothad, Bishop of St. Andrews (p. 239).
Haddan and Stubbs, 2 Concil., p. 165 : "The lands granted were part
of the endowments of the see of St. Andrews, to which they again
reverted : probably when Duncan's usurpation of the Scottish throne
came to an end."
Saca et soca mean " with jurisdiction over the tenants." Cf. soc or
soken in Anglo-Saxon, socken in Norse, and sucken in old Scots.
Pro uxore mea et pro infantibus meis. His wife is said to have
been Ethelreda, daughter of Gospatric, Earl of Northumberland ;
his son William was conspicuous at the court and in the army of
King David I. Gylnertus, son of Duncan, is a witness to the
doubtful charter by King Edgar.
The names of the witnesses seem to me to create a grave doubt
as to the genuineness of the charter. The granter speaks of the
concurrence of his brothers, and Malcolumb and Eadgar may have
been two sons of Malcolm III.; there is, however, no other record
of a Malcolm, he was not one of the six sons of King Malcolm and
Queen Margaret.
The other witnesses to the charter, Accard, Ulf, Hermer, Hem-
ming, CElfric, Teodbold, Vinget, and Earnulf, have not been identified.
It seems strange that a charter to the church was not attested by a
churchman.
XIII.
This notitia is in the Register of the Priory of St. Andrews, fol. 51 b ;
Bannatyne Club edn., p. 115, between notices of a grant by King
Malcolm and Queen Margaret (ante, p. 7) and of a grant by Ethelred
(ante, p. 11). Probably it records a grant by King Donald Bane ; if
so, the transcriber, writing at least as late as the reign of King
NOTES XII.-XIV. 243
David I., misread the name of King Donald's father, who was
Duncan, not Conchat.
Dr. Reeves' Culdees, p. 127: "Conchat is so written for Donchat
. . . the original Mac Donchat causing an assimilation of the initial
D, just as Mac Donnell is often written Mac Connell, and when the
translator rendered the Mac by filius, he left the assimilated Conchat
unrestored."
Donald was a brother of King Malcolm Canmore, on whose death,
in 1093, he was chosen king by the Scots. He was defeated by his
nephew Duncan in 1094, whom he slew in the same year, and he
reigned as king until he was defeated by Edgar in 1097. He was
taken prisoner, blinded, and maimed.
The story told by Wyntoun that Donald in his old age murdered
the eldest son of David I. is manifestly untrue.
XIV.
This notitia is in the Registr. Prior. St. And., fol. 5ib ; Bannatyne
Club edition, p. 115 ; Reeves' Culdees, p. 127.
It speaks of Ethelred as "vir venerandae memoriae," whence it
may be concluded that he was dead before the notice was written.
Robertson (Early Kings, I., p. 151) says that Ethelred survived his
parents only a very short time.
The grant was given at Abernethy, and confirmed by David and
Alexander, two of Ethelred's brothers, in presence of the Earl of Fife,
and of several priests of Abernethy.
There is another version in Sir Robert Sibbald's Collections (Adv.
Lib., 34. 6. 24, p. 1 6) :
" Nos Edelredus Dei gratia filius Malcolmi regis Scotie Abbas Dun-
kelden et insuper Comes de Fyfe, damus et concedimus pro salute
anime nostre et animarum antecessorum et successorum nostrorum
Deo Omnipotenti et Sancto Servano et Keledeis eremitis de Loch-
levin cum summa reverentia et honore et omni libertate terras de
Auldmure ita libere ut aliquis rex, episcopus vel comes in toto regno
Scotie dedit, per omnes rectas metas suas et divisas : Testibus,
Maddock, comite ; Edmundo, fratre meo, filio regis, et Sirach, capel-
lano. Apud Dunfermlin."
Ethelred was the third son of King Malcolm III. and Queen
Margaret. He cannot have been older than fifteen or sixteen in
1093 when his father and mother died.
In his youth he received Admore from his parents, possibly as
part of the Earldom of Fife. It seems to me probable that he
became a monk, and that he remained in the retirement of the Abbey
244 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
of Dunkeld during the stormy years when his uncle Donald was
king.
I do not agree with Skene and other writers who assume that
Ethelred was a ' lay ' abbot.
That opinion is founded partly on the fact that Ethelred was an
earl, and partly on the fact that a former abbot of Dunkeld, Crinan
(Ethelred's great-grandfather), was married, and fought and fell in
battle, but these circumstances are not incompatible with holy orders
in those early days.
Wyntoun, prior of St. Serf's, makes no mention of Ethelred in
his Chronicle. Fordun said (5. 24): "De Ethelred nihil certum
scriptis invenio ubi sit mortuus vel sepultus : praeter ut quidam
asserunt in antiqua ecclesia S. Andreae de Kilrimont humatus
requiescit."
p. ii. Abbas de Dunkeld. The tradition was that King Kenneth
Macalpine built the church of Dunkeld, to which he translated the
relics of St. Columba circa A.D. 849.
A.D. 865, Tuathal Mac Artguso "primus episcopus Fortrenn et
abbas Duncaillen dormivit." A.D. 873, " Flaithbertach mac Mur-
certaigh princeps Duincaillden obiit." A.D. 965 a battle between the
men of Alban among themselves, when many were slain about
Duncan, abbot of Dunkeld.
A.D. 1027 Dunkeld was entirely burned. A.D. 1045 " Battle between
the Albanich on both sides in which Crinan, Abbot of Dunkeld, was
slain and many with him, viz. nine times twenty heroes." (Chron. P.
and S., pp. 78, 361, 362, 364, 368.)
Mr. Skene, Celt. Scot., 2, p. 337 : " We see it (Dunkeld) first as a
Culdee church founded shortly before the accession of the Scottish
kings to the Pictish throne ; then as a Scottish monastery, its abbot
filling the high office of Bishop of Fortrenn, the new kingdom acquired
by the Scots.
" Then the bishopric passes to Abernethy, and the successor to the
abbot, who was first bishop, appears as 'princeps5 or superior of Dun-
keld, a term which leaves it doubtful whether he was a cleric or a
layman.
" Then we find Duncan, Abbot of Dunkeld, slain in battle while
fighting for one of the kings in a war of succession — evidently a
layman. Then we have Crinan, Abbot of Dunkeld, marrying one of
the daughters of the king . . . The character of these abbots as great
lay lords seems plain enough."
Insuper Comes de Fyf. "Insuper" may be a mistake for a word
meaning "formerly." G. E. C. suggests that Ethelred was Earl of
Forthrif, and Constantine Earl of Fife. It was an early tradition that
Macduff was Thane of Fife in the reign of Macbeth, and that in the
time of King Malcolm he became Earl. Mr. Skene thinks Macduff
is 'fictitious,' the creation of Fordun, and Robertson (Early Kings,
I., p. 124): "Fife was 'in the Crown' in the days of Malcolm Can-
more, who granted the Earldom to his son Ethelred. The Macduff,
NOTES XIV. 245
Earl of Fife, of the fabulists — a being unknown to Wynton — must be
put down as a myth." These eminent writers are mistaken. Macduff
may be a myth, but he is certainly not the creation of Fordun.
Wyntoun, who calls him Thane of Fife, gives a long account of him
which agrees with Fordun.
p. ii. Admore, now Auchmoor, at the east end of Loch Leven.
The first bridge over the Leven at the end of the Gullets is Auchmoor
Bridge. The land remained part of the endowment of the priory of
Loch Leven till the end of the thirteenth century. It passed with the
other property of St. Serfs to the Priory of St. Andrews.
p. 12. Abyrnethyn : Abernethy in Perthshire. "The Scottish tradi-
tion concerning this church, as expressed in the oldest historical
monument of the country, the Chronicon Pictorum, is, that it was
founded by St. Brigid in virtue of a grant made to her by Nechtan, a
Pictish king, who, while an exile in Ireland, had visited her at Kildare
and sought her intercession for his restoration to the throne. John of
Fordun found a similar statement in the private records of the place,
so that, whatever difficulty there may be in reconciling King Nechtan's
date with that of St. Brigid, it is clear that the ancient Scotch admitted
the Irish origin of this church." Reeves, Culdees, p. 53.
(Chron. P. and S., pp. 6, 28, 399 ; Skene, Celt. Scot., 2, p. 32 ;
Reeves, Adamnan, p. 230.)
King Garnald, A.D. 584-596, built a church at Abernethy to St.
Brigid of Kildare (Chron. P. and S., p. 201).
There is a tradition (Scotichron., 4, 12) that Abernethy was the see
of the chief Bishop of Scotland. " Et in ilia ecclesia fuerunt tres
electiones factae, quando non fuit nisi unus solus episcopus in Scotia.
Nunc fuit locus ille sedes principalis regalis et pontificalis per aliquot
tempora totius regni Pictorum." Mr. Skene (Celt. Scot, 2, 311) said :
"We are driven to place it ... between the death of Tuathal, first
bishop of the Picts, in the year 865, and the first appearance of ... a
Bishop of St. Andrews ... in the year 908."
But whether Abernethy was the see of a bishop, or whether bishops
of Dunkeld or Fortrenn or in partibus were consecrated there, matters
little. For, centuries before this grant by Ethelred, there had been a
church and monastery at Abernethy.
In 1072 King Malcolm Canmore did homage to William the Con-
queror at Abernethy.
In Ethelred's time the monastery had not yet been secularized ; less
than a century afterwards part of the endowments had passed into the
lands of Laurence, the son of Orm, who in one charter is called the
abbot. In 1272 Abernethy was made a priory — canons regular
from Inchaffray displacing the Culdees.
p. ii. Constantinus, Comes de Fife, was probably the son, or
grandson, of Macduff of Fife, who lived in the reigns of Duncan I.,
Macbeth, and Malcolm III.
Constantine Macdufe is one of the witnesses to the doubtful charter
by Edgar to Durham (No. XV., ante, p. 12).
Constantine Comes is a witness (circa A.D. 1 128) to the great charter
by David I. to Dunfermline Abbey (No. LXXiv., ante, p. 61), with
Gillemichel Mac duf, whom I take to be his son and successor in the
Earldom.
246 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Here he is described as " vir discretissimus," and in the record of
the suit between the brethren of St. Serf and Sir Robert Burgonensis
(circa A.D. 1128, No. LXXX., ante, p. 66) he was one of the judges ; he
was styled " magnus judex in Scotia" and " vir discretus et facundus."
He appeared at the trial "cum satrapy s et satellitibus ex exercitu de
Fyf." He is mentioned in Charter xciv., ante, p. 76, as having with-
held by force the shire of Kirkcaldy from the Abbey of Dunfermline.
p. n. Nesse et Cormac, etc. These were members of the religious
house of Abernethy.
p. 12. Rector scolarum de Abyrnethyn. The rector of the schools
was probably the same as the Irish " Ferleighinn lector," a man of
learning (Skene, Celt. Scot., 2, p. 445 ; Dr. Robertson's Scholastic
Offices in the Scottish Church, Miscell. Spalding Club, v., p. 68).
XV.
This was printed by Dr. Raine (Appendix, N. Durham, p. 2, No.
VII.) from a copy in a handwriting of the fifteenth century preserved
in the Treasury of Durham Cathedral. There is an earlier version
in the Registrum Primum of Durham, described in the index as
"Carta originalis Regis Scotiae de xxx villis datis Episcopo Dunelm.
et Priori," which purports to have been granted in the reign of
William the Conqueror ; it was printed in the Dugdale, Monast,
p. 238.
This charter was first published in the Monasticon Anglicanum, I.,
p. 45, in A.D. 1655. In 1704 Atwood relied on it as decisive proof of
the feudal superiority of the King of England over the Kingdom of
Scotland. Anderson in his Diplomata asserted that it was a forgery ;
Dr. Raine maintained it was genuine (N. Durham, p. 377).
Later writers have held it to be spurious. Skene, Celt. Scot., I.,
p. 444 : " The expressions it contains, and especially the names of
the witnesses, seem to me to mark it as unmistakeably spurious."
Haddan and Stubbs (2 Concil., p. 116) are unable to distinguish
between this charter and No. vn., which is undoubtedly a forgery.
This charter purports to have been granted to William, the Bishop
of Durham (who died January, 1096), and to have been confirmed " eo
anno quo Rex Willelmus, filius magni Regis Willelmi, fecit novum
castellum apud Bebbanburgh super Robertum comitem Northanhym-
brorum" ; that was in A.D. 1095.
Edgar did not become King of the Scots until October, A.D. 1097.
Dr. Raine (N. Durham, p. 378), in defending the genuineness of the
charter, said : " I admit that Edgar did not in fact accede to the
throne of Scotland until the year 1097, whereas the Bishop (William)
NOTES XIV.-XV. 247
is known to have died in 1096 ; but then be it remembered that
Edgar became King of Scotland de jure the moment his father . . .
died in 1093 ; that as King de jure he was for two years at least
contemporary with the Bishop, and that, during that period he resided
in England, may be presumed from the fact that he was in 1097
placed on his throne by an English army."
But Edgar was not de jure king from the moment of his father's
death. If Duncan was legitimate, he was de jure king until his
death on 12 November, 1094. There were then two surviving sons
of King Malcolm III. older than Edgar. Ethelred may have been
disqualified, being a priest holding the abbacy of Dunkeld, but
Edmund was a layman, and there are some who say that in 1095 he
was reigning in Scotland as joint king with his uncle King Donald.
Mr. Freeman acknowledged the difficulty ; he avoided it by
suggesting that this charter was not given to William, the bishop who
died in January 1096, but to Bishop Ranulf about A.D. noo. The
words of the charter, however, are unambiguous ; they imply that it was
granted in August, 1095, when William was still bishop, and when
Edgar was not yet king.
By it many lands were granted to the bishop of Durham.
(i) Berwick. Whatever was the size of Berwick at the end of the
eleventh century it soon afterwards became a burgh of considerable
importance. It is unlikely that in 1095 it would be called a 'mansio.3
Fordun (5. 26) said that the grant of Berwick was made after Edgar
became king, in gratitude for the assistance accorded to him by
St. Cuthbert in 1097, and that afterwards the grant was revoked.
" Addidit etiam vir magnificus sed et rex munificus, munus muneri,
hoc est, villam nobilem de Berwyk cum appendiciis, episcopo et
suis successoribus Dunelmensibus dedit et confirmavit possidendam.
Quantum et quale donum regis episcopatus totus gratanter acci-
piens in pace bona possedit, donee Ranulfus episcopus illud non
immerito hoc modo demeruit. Edgaro rege ad regem Angliae
Willelmum secundum tendente, Robertus ille, films Godwini de quo
superius fit mentio de licentia regis ad terram, a rege sibi datam,
in Laudonia moratus est, et dum castellum ibidem aedificare niteretur
a provincialibus subito et baronibus tandem Dunelmensibus circum-
ventus, eodem Ranulfo episcopo agente, captus est : in qua tarn en
captione magnam suae virtutis memoriam apud totius regionis incolas
dereliquit. Quod Rex Edgarus rediens ut audivit ilium, ex praecepto
regis Angliae liberatum, secum in Scociam reduxit cum honore et
quicquid ante episcopo donaverat, omnino sano consilio sibimet
reservabat."
Edgar's reign began in Oct., 1097. Ranulf Flambard was conse-
248 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
crated Bishop of Durham on 5 June, 1099. William Rufus died on
2 August, noo.
(2) Lands in Berwickshire : Greiden (now Milne Graden), Leinhale
(now Lennel), Dilsterhalle (not identified), Brigham (or Birgham),
Edrom, Chirnside, Hilton, Blackadder, Chynbrygham, Hutton,
Hadrington (Edrington), Horford, Upsetinton (Upsettington), Cold-
ingham and the mansions, Regnington, Paxton, Fulden, Morthyng-
ton, Lamberton, the other Lamberton, Fiskwick. Some of these
lands were granted by King Edgar after A.D. 1097, others never
belonged to the priory of Durham.
The list of the attesting witnesses in this copy is corrupt, and varies
from the version in the Registrum, in which the witnesses are Edgar
Rex, Alexander frater ejus, Ligulfus films Inemanni, Gylnertus films
Dunecani, Oularis films Oghe, Unteedus Fuderne, and Edgar
Atheling.
The witnesses, Uhtredus, filii Macdufe Constantini, Rodbertus de
Humet, Aetele, Agulfus, Alimodus son of David, do not appear in
the Registrum.
Robert de Humet. The de Humets were a Norman family —
members of which held the office of constable of Normandy in the last
half of the twelfth century.
(Round's Select Charters, pp. 56, 59, 91, and Farcer's Lancastr.
Pipe Rolls, pp. 371, 395, 398.)
p. 13. Haec carta firmata est. The second part of the document is
a confirmation by Edgar in the cemetery, at Norham, on the 4th
day before the Kalends of September, in the year in which King
William, the son of the great King William, made the new castle at
Bebbanburgh against (' super ') Robert, Earl of the Northumbrians.
Dr. Raine says this was the 29 August, 1095.
Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland, refused in 1095 to obey
King William II., who, with an armed force, took Newcastle from him.
De Mowbray still held Bamborough. The king besieged it in the
autumn of 1095 ; at Michaelmas the king left Northumberland for
the south.
This confirmation represents Edgar, King of the Scots, as holding
a sort of court at Norham, attended by the Bishop and the Prior
of Durham.
Ansketillus praepositus de Norham. In 1095 there was no praepositus
of Norham, because the castle of Norham was not erected until
A.D. ii2i ; the small town was afterwards built round the castle.
Ansketil was Constable of Norham Castle after 1121.
NOTES XV.-XVI. 249
Ilgerus de Corneford. So far as I know, there is no Corneford ;
there is a place called Cornhill or Cornhall.
Walter De Valoniis. The family was of rank and influence in the
north sixty years later.
Galfred de Aldreius. Perhaps the writer of the charter meant to
designate a member of the family of Audrey, which, however, did not
settle in the north until thirty or forty years after 1095.
John de Amundeville. The Amundevilles were a Lincolnshire and
Yorkshire family (Round's Select Charters, p. 39 ; Farrer, Select Pipe
Rolls of Lancashire, p. 345).
Dr. Raine, in supporting this charter, relied on a MS. in hand-
writing of the earlier half of the twelfth century, in the Library of
Trinity Coll., Cambridge, " de donis a diversibus regibus datis Sancto
Cuthberto " ; but it does not accurately describe this charter, for it
speaks of two gifts — one of Berwick and its appurtenants to the
bishop of Durham, the other of Coldingham and its appurtenants
to the monks of St. Cuthbert ; this charter gave all to the bishop.
XVI.
This, and another to the same effect, are preserved in the Treasury
of Durham. The other was printed in facsimile in the National MSS.
of Scotland, No. vn.
Each of these charters has a seal appended to it. One is figured
in the National MSS. of Scotland ; it is given with greater beauty in
Wyon's Great Seals.
In the Relatio de Sancto Cuthberto in MS. Gale, O. iii. 55, 2 Archeol.
^Eliana, p. 6, and Simeon of Durham, Surtees Soc. ed., Vol. 51, p. 236,
the gift of King Edgar to Bishop William is recorded, " Isto eodem
rege Willelmo laudante et concedente ALdgarus rex Scotiae donavit et
reddidit Sancto Cuthberto et Willelmo episcopo in Lodoneio Berewic
cum omnibus suis appenditiis ; et monachis in ecclesia Dunelmi Deo
et Sancto Cuthberto servientibus Coldingham cum suis omnibus
appenditiis, sicut in carta continetur ; quam ipse et fratres sui propria
manu signaverunt et firmaverunt."
There are only three other examples of King William II.'s Great
Seal — two at Eton, and another (broken) in the Record Office ; the
Durham seal alone has been published ; it is similar to the Great
Seal of the Conqueror.
It is difficult to reject the confirmations, and with them the
charter No. XV. ; there is evidence that Edgar, before he became
250 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
king, made a grant to Durham, of land in Scotland ; it is improbable
that the monks of Durham forged a charter for lands, some of
which they never possessed. It is difficult to believe that they forged
two confirmations by the king of England, to which were appended
impressions of the Great Seal.
Still it is hard to accept as genuine a charter and its confirma-
tions which purport to have been granted by King Edgar to
Bishop William, who died more than a year before the king began
to reign.
XVII.
The original, with a seal, is in the Treasury at Durham. It was
printed by Dr. Raine (N. Durham, Appendix, No. vui.).
Dr. Raine (p. 380) said : " This charter is a most palpable forgery,
fabricated apparently for the express purpose of establishing the
superiority of England.
"... Never, perhaps, was there so miserable an attempt at imita-
tion. The parchment, unlike that of the eleventh century, is thin and
imperfectly prepared, the ink is bad and in some places fading away,
and the phraseology and every other characteristic of the document
belong to a period later by centuries than the reign of Edgar. But
the seal gives the finishing stroke to the whole. It is in fact a bad
imitation, upon a very reduced scale, of the Great Seal of Robert I. or
Robert II. The name indicating the name of the king being broken
away, ... the charter is probably one of the alleged forgeries of
Harding, the poetical chronicler, who lived in the reign of Henry
VI., and received an annuity from the Crown for his services."
As Dr. Raine condemns the charter, I need say no more to show
that it is spurious. This throws suspicion on the previous charter, XV.
If the monks could forge the one, they could forge the other, which is
much to the same effect.
XVIII.
The original charter was formerly in the Treasury of the Cathedral
of Durham ; it is now lost. There is a facsimile of it in Anderson's
Diplomata. It was seen by Mr. Wm. Robertson on 3 October, 1793
(Index, p. 152). Raine, N. Durham, Appendix, p. 3, No. IX.
NOTES XVI.-XVIII. 251
It was confirmed by King Robert III. of Scotland, 26 January,
1393 (Robert., Index, p. 154).
It has been accepted as genuine. The date is probably soon after
King Edgar's accession in 1097.
It is a grant to the monks of St. Cuthbert of the lands of Colding-
ham, and a confirmation of all their lands in Lothian.
It is to be noticed that the king grants lands only ; there is no men-
tion of a church at Coldingham, nor of tithes.
It has been erroneously said that King Edgar, by this and sub-
sequent charters, founded the ' Priory ' of Coldingham. The monks
of Durham held the lands, and afterwards built a church ; but there
was no Priory at Coldingham before 1147.
p. 1 6. Edgarus. Edgar was the fourth son of King Malcolm and
Queen Margaret. He was born about A.D. 1074. He accompanied
the army in the invasion of Northumberland in 1093 and brought the
news of his father's death to his mother, who was then on her death-
bed in Edinburgh Castle.
Probably he remained in England from 1093 till 1097. In the
autumn of 1097 the English king allowed an English force to follow
Edgar Atheling to Scotland, when King Donald was defeated and
Edgar was accepted as king.
The legend is that, at Durham, St. Cuthbert appeared to Edgar in a
vision, and ordering him to take his banner, promised him victory.
Fordun (5, 25): "Cui erga natale solum properanti et hostium
seditionem timenti astitit in visu noctis silentio beatus Cuthbertus,
dicens: 'Fili, noli timere, quia placuit Deo dare tibi regnum: et hoc
tibi signum, cum vexillum meum tecum de monasterio Dunelmi
tuleris, et contra adversaries illud erexeris, tibi exurgam in auxilium,
et dissipabuntur inimici tui, et qui oderunt te fugient a facie tua.'
" Expergefactus itaque adolescens, avunculo suo Edgaro rem retulit
et ille, Deo se et omnes suos de patrocinio Sancti Cuthberti com-
mittens, quod Sanctus hortando jusserat, animosius adimplevit.
" Postea facto congressu, et Sancti Cuthberti vexillo levato, quidam
miles Anglicus genere, Robertus nomine, filius antedicti Godwini,
paternae probitatis imitator et haeres, duobus tantum militibus comi-
tatus, in hostes irruit, et fortissimis, qui ante aciem quasi defensores
stabant, peremptis, antequam insimul appropinquarent exercitus,
Donaldus cum suis in fugam conversus est, et sic incruentam vic-
toriam, Deo propitio, meritis Sancti Cuthberti feliciter optinuit."
St. Cuthbert's banner was preserved in the Cathedral of Durham.
It could not be removed from the shrine without the express consent
of the Prior (Raine, N. Durham, p. 264).
More than four hundred years later, the banner of St. Cuthbert was
carried before the English army at the Battle of Flodden.
Bishop Ruthal, writing to Cardinal Wolsey, 20 September, 1513
(Nat. MSS. of England, Vol. n.), a few days after Flodden : "There
were that day many good and toward captains who did their parts
well : howbeit the Lord Howard was the first setter on and took most
pain in conducting the vaward of the English army, to whom joined
252 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
St. Cuthbert's banner with the whole retinue of the Bishoprick : and
albeit the Scots had most disrespect to the said banner and set most
fiercely upon it, yet what by the grace of God, the assistance of St.
Cuthbert to his banner . . . there they got no advantage. . . ."
p. 1 6. Omnibus per regnum suum Scottis et Anglis. In the recital
of this charter in a confirmation by King Robert III. (1390-1406),
" probis " is inserted : " Omnibus probis per," etc.
p. 1 6. Sancto Cuthberto. St. Cuthbert was greatly revered in the
north of England and the south-east of Scotland. He was born about
A.D. 635. In his youth he was a shepherd near Childeskirk (Channel-
kirk) in Lauderdale. He was admitted into the monastery of Old
Melros, and was initiated by Eata. When Eata was removed to
Lindisfarne, Cuthbert accompanied him and he became Prior of
Lindisfarne. He spent his life preaching and converting the people
of Northumbria and the Lothians. He was made a bishop A.D. 685,
but after three years he returned to the monastery where he died.
p. 16. Monachis ejus. These were Benedictine monks brought to
Durham by Bishop William de Carileph from the monasteries of
Wearmouth and Jarrow.
p. 1 6. Coldingham is a large parish in Berwickshire.
About A.D. 635 Oswyn took refuge in lona where he was converted
to Christianity ; afterwards he became King of Northumbria. His
sister Ebba founded a nunnery near Coldingham, on the coast of
Berwickshire, then part of Northumbria, at the place now called St.
Abb's Head (Dugd. Mon., 6, p. 1149).
For nearly two hundred years, the nunnery of St. Abb's flourished
and had a great reputation for asceticism and holiness. It was here
that Ethelrida, Queen of Egfrid, took the veil A.D. 673 ; she afterwards
founded the church and nunnery of Ely.
Bede said of her (iv., cap. xvn. (xix.), Plummer, i, p. 243),
"Intravit monasterium Aebbae Abbatissae, quae erat amita regis
Ecgfridi, positum in loco, quern Coludi urbem nominant, accepto
velamine sanctimonialis habitus a praefato antistite Uilfrido. Post
annum vero ipsa facta est abbatissa in regione, quae vocatur Elge,"
and (iv., cap. xxin. (xxiv.), Plummer, i, p. 262) : " His temporibus
monasterium virginum quod Coludi urbem cognominant cujus et
supra meminimus, per culpam incuriae flammis absumtum est. Quod
tamen a malitia inhabitantium in eo, et praecipue illorum qui majores
esse videbantur contigisse omnes, qui novere facillime potuerunt
advertere. Sed non defuit puniendis admonitio divinae pietatis, qua
correcti per jejunia, fletus, et preces iram a se, instar Ninevitarum justi
judicis averterent."
St. Abb's nunnery was destroyed by the Danes circa A.D. 870. From
that time until the time of King Edgar, it was probably in ruins.
There are still vestiges of buildings which may have been erected
in the old time.
M'Gibbon and Ross, Ecclesiastical Architecture of Scotland, vol. 3,
P- 437 : " There are scanty but distinct traces of two churches on St.
Abb's Head, about three miles north of Coldingham. They are
NOTES XVIII.-XIX. 253
situated about half-a-mile apart, one to the west of the promontory
and the other to the south-east, and both stand on high cliffs over-
looking the sea.
" The one to the south-east, called St. Abb's Chapel, is situated in
the centre of a churchyard. ... At the time Carr wrote his History
of Coldingham Priory (publ. 1836) the walls of the church were stand-
ing to a height of some three or four feet, now only the grass founda-
tions remain. These indicate a chancelled building, the outside
dimensions of which are : length of chancel from east to west, about
21 feet ; width, about 24 feet ; length of nave, 56 by 30 in width. . . .
" The other chapel at St. Abb's Head is in very much the same
state. More of the masonry is visible. It measures, on the inside,
about 69 feet long by 22 feet wide, with walls about 4 feet thick. In
the centre of the west wall there is a recess about 6 feet long by 2^ feet
wide. At the north-east corner there is a notch about 9 feet square
cut out of the chapel as it were, forming to all appearance a chancel
narrower than the nave on one side instead of in the centre. The
remains are very scanty."
p. 1 6. Omnes illas terras ... in Lodoneo. This general confirma-
tion may refer to the traditional claims of his monks to the territory of
St. Cuthbert, north of the Tweed, and to the lands which King Duncan
had promised to Durham.
Et volo et praecipio. The king professed to give the monks
immediate possession. Doubtless the land was held by Crown
tenants who in future would pay dues or rents in kind to the monks
instead of to the king.
XIX.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham. The seal is missing.
Robertson, in October, 1793, saw a tag to which some remains of wax
still adhered. Printed in Smith's Bede, p. 760 ; Anderson's Diplo-
mata, with a facsimile, Plate VI. ; Raine's N. Durham, Appendix, p. i,
No. II. ; National MSS. of Scotland Facsimile, No. vi.
It was granted after No. xvm. (of which there is a copy
only), which it virtually confirms, with the addition of the homesteads
in Coldingham.
The doubtful charter, XV., said to have been granted before Edgar
became king, conveyed a much larger estate than these charters,
XVIII. and XIX., which grant only Coldingham and its farms ; Ald-
cambus, Lumsden, Renton, Reston, Swinewood, Farndun, the
two Aytons, Prendergest, Cramsmouth.
These were probably the ' Coldinghamshire ' of No. XX. ; they
formed an estate which comprised the modern parishes of
Coldingham, Eyemouth, Ayton, Mordington, and part of Cock-
burnspath.
254 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
All that the king transferred to the Priory of Durham was
the right to receive rents and services from the owners or permanent
tenants. We see from No. xx. that these rents and services
were commuted for the annual payment of half-a-mark of silver
for each plough.
The grant was made ' in elemosinam,' absolutely free from secular
burdens and from feudal casualties.
p. 17. Mansio is a word seldom found in Scottish charters. It
means a farm ; it survives in ' mains,' the home-farm of an estate,
and in manse, the house of the minister of a parish.
"La manse comprend une etendue de terres plus ou moins grande,
avec les bailments d'exploitation et la maison d'habitation, ce que
nous appellerions aujourd'hui une ferme." (Preface to the Chartulaire
de S. Victor de Marseille, p. 59.)
" Throughout the Exeter Doomsday the word ' mansio ' is used
instead of the manerium of the Exchequer Record, and even in the
Exchequer Record we may find these two terms used interchangeably."
(Maitland, Doomsday Book and Beyond, p. 109.)
p. 17. Goldingham : in Coldingham 'G' and 'C' are frequently
interchanged, e.g. Gospatric and Cospatric.
On the estate granted to Durham the monks built a church in
the little town (supposed to be the Urbs Coludi of Bede), which lies in a
valley about a mile distant from the sea and more than two miles from
the precipice on which the old nunnery of St. Abba stood.
Few lived at the place where the monks settled, and to help to
bring a population, King Malcolm IV. (1153-1164) permitted them
to remove 'their men,' I fancy the 'nativi' or * adscriptitii glebae,'
from other parts of Coldinghamshire "ad hebergandam villam de
Coldingham." (Raine, N. Durham, App., No. xxvin.)
p. 17. Aldcambus lies north of Coldingham, in the parish of
Cockburnspath. The ruins of the old church of St. Helen's stand on a
high cliff above the sea. As early as the twelfth century Edward de
Alcambus was a man of consequence ; he exchanged Aldcambus with
the monks for Lumsden (Raine, N. Durham, App., No. CLXXVIL). In
the same century Arnold and David and Thomas of Quickswood held
a great part of Aldcambus (Raine, N. Durham, App., No. CLXXX.
et seq.\ where they endowed a Hospital for Lepers (ib. Lix. and
CLXXXVI.).
p. 17. Lummesdene is an estate which lies between Coldingham
and Aldcambus. The family of Lumsden of that Ilk held lands here;
the priory in 1298 A.D. had six ploughgates, equal to about 624 acres of
arable land, in demesne. In Wester Lumsden, on the rocky coast,
stands Fast Castle. It was an old stronghold, which is heard of from
time to time as being taken and retaken in the fourteenth and fifteenth
centuries. It was rebuilt about 1521, and it is interesting as the
gloomy prison in which the Gowrie conspirators intended to confine
James VI.
p. 17. Regnintun and Ristun are now Renton and Reston, estates
in the Parish of Coldingham. A little story in one of the many
NOTES XIX. 255
charters relating to Reston, preserved at Durham, is interesting.
Roger de Riston hired John, ' porcarius,' as his substitute in a wager of
battle. The swineherd fought and won. He got a toft and a croft
and three acres of Great Riston as his fee, which he then granted to
the Priory. (Raine, N. Durham, App., No. cccxcvn. et seq.}
p. 17. Swinewde. Swinewood was a forest of the Priory. There
are many charters relating to it at Durham. (Raine, N. Durham,
App., CXVIII.-CXLV.)
p. 17. Farndun. I doubt whether this be Foulden (a parish adjoin-
ing Ayton), because Foulden in after years was not the property of the
monks of St. Cuthbert ; it was not included in the confirmation by
King David (ante, p. 54), and it does not appear in the accounts of the
Revenue, etc., of the Priory, published by the Surtees Society. Ander-
son (Diplomata) suggested that Farndun was Fairneyside, a land in
the parish of Coldingham.
p. 17. Eitun et alia Eitun. Ayton is a parish on the coast of Ber-
wickshire, south of Coldingham. It is probable that the other Eitun
was the land to the south now called Mordington and Lamberton.
The Courts of the Priory were held at Ayton ; the castle was destroyed
by the English in 1448.
p. 17. Prenegest is Prendergest, an estate in Ayton. Some of the
Prendergests of that Ilk were conspicuous ; many of their charters are
preserved at Durham.
p. 17. Cramesmudhe is a part of Burnmouth, a village on the coast,
to the south of Coldingham.
p. 17. Teloneis. 'Teloneum' means both the right to demand a toll
and also the privilege of exemption from it. In an old writing printed
by Dr. Raine (N. Durham, App., p. 106) toll is defined : " Tol hoc est
quod vos et homini vestri de toto homagio vestro sint quieti in omnibus
mercatis de Tolneto pro omnibus rebus emptis et venditis."
Mr. Cosmo Innes (Legal Antiquities, p. 56) says : " In the common
case. ... I prefer the interpretation which makes thol — the definite
technical privilege — the right of exacting the duty, rather than the
right of refusing to pay it."
There is some evidence that the monks of Coldingham exacted a
custom on merchandise landed at the harbour of Eyemouth (Priory of
Coldingham, Surtees Society, pp. xxxix and xcv). The Priors of
Coldingham afterwards obtained special grants of freedom from toll.
(Raine, N. Durham, App., Nos. XXXI., xxxii., XLVII., XLVIIL, and
LXIII.)
p. 17. Fracturae navium. A wreck, provided it was totally
abandoned and had no living thing on board, was inter regalia,
but it was sometimes granted to subjects. It was a valuable right
to those owning land on the rocky and inhospitable coast of
Berwickshire.
There is an interesting fragment of old law on the subject of wreck
printed by Sir John Skene as a law of Alexander II., "De Wrecko
maris," but as it seemed to be from an English writer, it was not
included in the Record edition of the Scots Acts.
256 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
XX.
The original is preserved in the Treasury at Durham. It was
printed by Anderson, Diplomata (Facsimile, Plate vi.) ; by Canon
Smith, Bede, p. 760 ; Raine, N. Durham, Appendix, No. iv. ; National
MSS. of Scotland Facsimile, No. IV. The seal is now missing.
Anderson described it as having the superscription : " Imago Edgari
Scottorum Basilei."
When the monks got Coldingham from King Edgar, the old
buildings of St. Abb's nunnery were in ruins, and they had to
build a church on their new property. The King attended the
dedication, and then gave them the lands of Swinton which lay a few
miles from Coldingham to the west. He laid on the altar a symbol
of his gift. This charter was written afterwards.
p. 17. Super altare obtuli. The ceremony of laying on the altar a
symbol of a grant was common. Du Cange gives illustrations of this
under " In altari offerre," and Marculfus, Formula I., " De Dona-
tionibus quae fiebant ecclesiae earum instrumentis super altaria
positis, quo solenniores essent ac ipsi Deo factas constaret."
A knife was a common symbol ; the donor opened and shut the
blade and laid it on the altar. In the Treasury at Durham there are
two charters with knives appended. (Raine, N. Durham, p. 77.)
Another symbol was a sod of earth. (Chron. Picts and Scots, p.
187.) " La motte de terre, la glebe, etait transported devant le preteur
romain au moyen-age ; on la deposait sur 1'autel dans 1'eglise et
dans les monasteres en presence de nombreux temoins." (Preface
to the Chartulary of the Abbey of Re"don.)
When King Alexander I. restored lands to the Church of St.
Andrews, he led his Arab horse and armour up to the altar as a
symbol of the grant.
p. 17. Swintun, a parish in Berwickshire. The vill was granted,
but it is clear from later charters that the right of the monks was
disputed, and that they did not get possession of the whole.
p. 17. Liulf. In Charter ci. (ante, p. 80) King David described
Swinton as formerly held by Udard, the son of Liulf, the son of
Edulf. Mr. Round (5 Genealogist, p. 27) was of opinion that Liulf of
Swinton was Liulf of Bebbanburch, one of the witnesses to this charter,
an opinion in which I am not able to agree. It seems to me that it is
here implied that Liulf had held the land so long ago that it had
become waste and needed twenty-four oxen to restore it to cultivation,
and if Liulf, who formerly held Swinton, was "de Bebbanburch,"
he surely would have been so designated in the body of the charter.
p. 17. xxiiii animalia : three yoke of 8 oxen each for ploughing.
p. 17. Eandem pacem. This is the earliest notice of the King's
peace in Scotland. The privileges of those who had or who claimed
the King's peace, and the penalties on those who violated it, were the
subject of many subsequent laws.
NOTES XX. 257
p. 17. Eilande : Islandshire, included Holy Island and Norham,
both in North Durham.
p. 17. carruca : a plough. The owners of each plough engaged to
pay half a mark of silver annually. Each presumably held a car-
rucate, equivalent to an English hide.
Dr. Maitland has shown that in theory, if not always in fact, a
carrucate consisted of 120 acres. In Scotland an acre was measured
by a longer rod and was larger than an acre in England. So that
104 acres Scots were equal to 120 acres English. An oxgang was 13
acres, and 8 oxgangs was a ploughgate of 104 acres.
p. 17. Testibus, Aelfwinus. In Anderson's Diplomata, Aelfwinus
and Oter are joined as the name of one man. In the original, Oter
seems a distinct name. Neither Aelfwinus nor Oter has been
identified by me. Thor longus : a well known man. (See Charters
xxiv., ante, p. 19 ; xxxill., p. 25, and xxxiv., p. 26.) Aelfricus pincerna :
the king's butler. He is a witness to the Foundation Charter of Scon,
No. xxxvi., ante, p. 30. 'Aelfric' witnessed King Duncan's Charter,
No. XII., p. 10. Algarus presbiter : this maybe"Algar the priest,"
who held the churches of St. Oswald and Aldan of Bamborough
(Farrer, Lancashire Pipe Rolls, p. 384). Algar was Prior of Durham
in the reign of David I. Osbern presbiter, probably the same as
Osbern the Chaplain, in Charter XXXIL, ante, p. 25.
p. 1 8. Cnut Carl s. Anderson (Diplomata) suggested that this is
' Cnut Carleolensis,' but I think it is ' Carl's son.' If so, can this be the
Cnut referred to by Freeman, Norman Conquest, Vol. IV., p. 525 ?
About 1073 "with all his piety and patriotism the spirit of North-
umbrian deadly feud was deeply rooted in the heart of the new Earl
[Waltheof]. Long before his own birth, in the days of Harthacnut,
his mother's father Earl Ealdred had been treacherously murdered by
his sworn brother Carl. . . . The old tragedy was now to be acted
over again. . . . The sons of Carl . . . were feasting in the house of
their elder brother at Seterington in Yorkshire ; a party of young men
sent across the border by the Earl of the Northumbrians came upon
them . . . when they were thus unarmed and unsuspecting. The
whole family, all the sons and grandsons of Carl, were cut off, save one
son Sumerled who chanced not to be present and another Cnut whose
character had won him such general love that the murderers them-
selves could not bring themselves to slay him" ("Praeter Cnutonem
cui pro instita illi bonitate vitam permiserunt"). "The slayers re-
turned to their master with the spoils of their victims, and the ancient
crime of Carl was thus avenged by a still deeper crime on the part of
Waltheof."
p. 1 8. Ogga et Lesing. " Leysing et Oggo Cumbrenses judices"
are two of the jurors who gave evidence regarding the lands of the
Church of Glasgow. (No. L., ante, p. 46.) " Ogga and Leising"
are witnesses to the Great Charter of Holyrood. (No. CLIIL, p. 119.)
p. 1 8. Swein Ulf kill's son, I have not identified.
p. 1 8. Ligulf de Bebbanburch. Mr. Round is of opinion that he was
the same as the Liulf of Swinton mentioned in this charter, and that
he was the son of Eadwulf, who lived at the time of the Conquest, and
R
258 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
the father of Udard, the Sheriff of Northumberland to whose son
William, King Henry I. granted a confirmation of all the lands his
father had held. In my opinion there is not sufficent evidence either
to connect Liulf of Swinton with him of Bebbanburch or to prove that
Bebbanburch was the son of Eadwulf.
p. 1 8. Uhtred Eilaue's sune, I have not identified.
p. 1 8. Uniaet thwite is 'Uniet Albus' of other charters. He held
land near Edinburgh and gave a part of Craggenemarf to Holyrood
Abbey (No. CLIII., p. 118). He attested several of King David's
charters (ante, pp. 57, 58, 63, 65, and 82). He may be the Vinget of
King Duncan's charter (XIL, p. 10).
XXI.
The original charter is in the Treasury at Durham. It has been
printed: Robertson, Index, p. 153; Smith's Bede, p. 761; Raine,
N. Durham, App., p. 2, No. v. ; National MSS. of Scotland.
There is a seal attached by a tag at the left hand corner, having
the figure of a king seated on his throne. A few letters only of the
superscription are legible, "... E ... n ha."
The King here adds to his former gifts to the monks of St. Cuth-
bert, Paxton, a pleasant land on the Tweed some miles from Colding-
ham in what is now Hutton parish in Berwickshire. The Paxtons
' de eodem ' attained respectable rank. There are many charters at
Durham printed by Dr. Raine which throw light on the early history of
the land. Part of the service due by the church tenants in Paxton
was to labour on the Prior's demesne of Fishwick.
XXII.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham. It was printed by
Smith, Bede, p. 761 ; Raine, N. Durham, App., p. 2, No. vi. ;
Nat. MSS. of Scotland, No. III.
Robertson copied this charter in October, 1793. He describes the
seal as " on brownish wax at a tag on the left hand corner, represent-
ing a King sitting on his throne with a sceptre in his right hand and
a sword in his left. The circumscription is much decayed. These
letters are still legible . . . Edgar . . . ottorum basilei" (Index,
P. 153).
This is a grant 'in elemosinam' to the monks of St. Cuthbert, of
Fishwick, with the lands adjacent, and especially that land which
lies between Horndean and Cnapdene. The grant was confirmed by
King Alexander I. (xxxi., ante, p. 24), and by King David I. (LXV.,
ante, p. 54).
NOTES XX.-XXIV. 259
p. 1 8. Fishwick is in Berwickshire, on the banks of the Tweed, 5^
miles from the town of Berwick, in the parish of Hutton.
In 1298 the Priory of Coldingham had in demesne about 192
acres of arable land, 50 acres of pasture and fishings in the river.
Swain, the priest of Fishwick (mentioned in charters CVI., cxi.),
restored to the Priory its rights in Fishwick, which he seems, for
a time, to have usurped (ccxxxvi., ante, pp. 189-190). The greater part
was afterwards held by " husbandi, cottarii et firmarii " on the tenure
of cultivating the Prior's lands, making and driving peats, threshing
corn, etc. I do not find any vassal holding by feudal tenure.
p. 1 8. Horuerdene. Probably Horndean in the parish of Ladykirk,
which adjoins Fishwick. After the death of King Edgar when Earl
David held land in Berwickshire, the respective rights of his Thegns
and Drengs and of the monks were in dispute (xxxii., ante, p. 25),
Horndean was afterwards acquired by the Abbey of Kelso.
XXIII.
From the Register of the Priory of St. Andrews, fol. 5 1 b, Bannatyne
Club Edition, p. 115 ; Reeves, Culdees, p. 127.
It is a Notitia that Edgar King of Scotland, son of Malcolm,
granted in alms to God Almighty and to the Keledei (of St. Serf's),
Petnemokane with all rights stated in the Register of St. Serfs Priory.
p. 19. Petnemokane adjoined Kirkness. See v., ante, p. 5, and note,
p. 231.
XXIV.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham. It was printed by
Canon Smith, Bede, p. 763 ; Anderson's Diplomata, LXIX. ; Raine,
N. Durham, App., p. 38, No. CLXI.
Thor Longus seems to have been a wealthy man, capable of
bringing waste land into cultivation, a devout man who built a
church and gave it and a ploughgate of land to the monks of St.
Cuthbert, and a devoted servant of King Edgar, for whose soul and
for the souls of the King's father, his mother and brothers and sisters,
this grant was made. The charter shows his affection for his brother
Leswinus, a captive, possibly taken prisoner in the Crusade. Thor
wrote a letter (xxxill., ante, p. 25) to his dearest Lord, Earl David,
commending this grant to his protection, and Earl David confirmed it
(xxxiv., ante, p. 26).
p. 19. Ednaham (now called Ednam), a parish of about 4000 acres
in the shire of Roxburgh, 7.\ miles from Kelso, on the river Eden.
26o EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
King Edgar either did not grant the whole of Ednam to Thor Longus,
or else part of it was reassumed by the Crown, because King David
had land there, held under him by Gilbert the priest of Stitchel for
a payment of two shillings a year, which the King granted to the
monks of St. Cuthbert (cxi., ante, p. 86).
King David had also a mill from which he gave twelve chalders of
malt, and a moor land in which he gave a right of turbary to the
monks of Kelso.
Towards the end of his reign King David had two tenants in
Ednam, Peter the son of Walter of Stirling (who held a ploughgate for
twenty shillings) and Tebald de Norham (who held half a ploughgate
for half a mark). These rents the King assigned to his cleric Nicolas
(cxcvm., ante, p. 161). King Malcolm IV. gave land in Ednam to
William the son of Nigel (Robertson, Index, p. 24). King William
gave the monks of Kelso three ploughgates in Ednam in exchange for
inter alia the twelve chalders of malt from the mill. Dryburgh Abbey
acquired right to part of the land which St. Nicolas the cleric got.
(Reg. de Dryburgh, pp. 113, 117.)
Mr. Cosmo Innes (Sketches, p. 109) notices a confirmation by King
Alexander II. of a sale of half a ploughgate in Ednam. There was a
Hospital there (Reg. de Dryburgh, p. 113). At the end of the twelfth
century a considerable part of the manor was held by the Priory of
Coldingham and by the Abbots of Kelso and of Dryburgh and by the
Hospital. What remained of the Crown land was granted by King-
Robert the Bruce to Walter the Steward on his marriage to the King's
daughter (Robertson, Index, p. 9). Robert the Steward (afterwards
King Robert II.) granted Ednam to Sir Robert Erskine and his wife,
and on their resignation it was given in 1390 to Sir John de Edmon-
ston and his wife Isobel, Countess of Angus. The Edmonstons held
it until 1773.
p. 19. Desertam. Desertum in Ireland meant a hermitage or
asylum for penitents (Pref. Nation. MSS., Ireland) ; here it means
uncultivated or abandoned land.
p. 19. Et si quis : " Parmi les clauses finales des documents les plus
anciens, celles qui ont pour objet d'en menacer les violateurs eventuels
occupent une place importante. Elles se rencontrent, plus ou moins
developpees, dans la plupart des chartes anterieures a la seconde moitie
du xii. siecle et ont persiste jusqu'au xin. et meme au dela dans un
certain nombre de documents.
" Ces clauses peuvent se deviser en deux categories : les unes
menacent de chatiments spirituels, d'autres de peines temporelles et
en particulier d'amendes " (Giry, Manuel de Diplomatique, p. 562).
XXV.
From Gerberon's edition of Anselm's Letters, Lib. m., Epist. 132, and
2 Concil, 169.
This is a letter of the Archbishop of Canterbury in answer to one
from King Alexander I., in which he had asked the Archbishop for his
NOTES XXIV.-XXV. 261
prayers for King Edgar, who had lately died. The Archbishop con-
gratulates the king on his accession, and prays that he may be a wise
and successful ruler.
p. 20. Anselm was born at Aosta in Italy, A.D. 1033 ; he became a
monk at Bee A.D. 1060, and was abbot there A.D. 1073-93. King
William Rufus appointed him Archbishop of Canterbury in 1093. He
died in 1109. He had the best of friends and biographers in Eadmer,
whose Historia Novorum is a history of the life and times of
Anselm.
p. 20. Alexander I., King of Scots, was the fourth son of King
Malcolm III. and Queen Margaret. He was born about 1077. In his
youth it is probable that he lived in England. He was at Durham on
4 September, 1104, when the body of St. Cuthbert was translated and
placed in the Cathedral. Alexander held the lordship of Gowrie,
where he had a castle — Baledgar. He succeeded his brother Edgar
as king on 8 January, 1107, and reigned for seventeen years.
The Chronicon Elegiacum (Chron. P. and S., p. 181) said : " Tota . . .
pax firma vigebat." Wyntoun and Boece record the energy with
which he repressed and punished a conspiracy, and a revolt in the
north.
Ailred, Abbot of Rievaulx (Twysden, 368, copied by Wendover,
Wyntoun, 7. 5, line 21, Fordoun, 5. 36), wrote of him: "Clericis et
monachis satis humilis et amabilis erat, caeteris subditorum supra
modum terribilis, homo magni cordis ultra vires suas se in omnibus
extendens. Erat autem litteratus et in ordinandis ecclesiis, in reliquiis
sanctorum perquirendis in vestibus sacerdotalibus librisque sacris
conficiendis et ordinandis studiosissimus, omnibus etiam advenientibus
supra vires liberalissimus, circa pauperes vero ita devotus ut in nulla
re magis delectari quam in eis suscipiendis, lavandis, alendis, vestien-
disque videretur."
The chronicles and charters of his time were connected with the
church ; so that we know more of his relations to churchmen than of
his rule over Scotland.
In June, 1107, six months after his accession to the throne, the King
appointed Turgot, Prior of Durham, to the Bishopric of St. Andrews.
After disputes as to whether he should be consecrated by the Arch-
bishop-elect of York or by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Turgot was
at last consecrated by York. He retired to Durham, where he died in
1115.
It was not until 1120 that the celebrated Eadmer was chosen to be
Bishop of St. Andrews, but he and King Alexander did not agree.
He resigned his see, and St. Andrews was again left without a bishop.
John, Bishop of Glasgow, who had had some experience of Scotland
and of the king, was consulted by Eadmer, who said : " If as a
son of peace you desire peace, you must seek it elsewhere than in
Scotland. As long as Alexander reigns, it will be vain for you to
expect any friendly intercourse with him or quiet under his government.
We are thoroughly acquainted with his disposition ; it is his will to
be everything himself in his own kingdom. He is incensed against
you, though he knows no reason for his resentment, and he will never
be perfectly reconciled to you, although he should see reason for a
reconciliation. You must therefore either abandon this country, or, by
262 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
accommodating yourself to its usages, dishonour your church and
hazard your salvation."
Two years afterwards Eadmer offered to return to Scotland, but the
king did not listen to him, and it was not until Eadmer's death, in
1124, that King Alexander appointed another bishop to the see of St.
Andrews.
While those bishops found the king a difficult man to deal with, he
was, in his own way, liberal to the Church. In the legend of St. Andrew
(Chron. P. and S., p. 189) he is called "Sanctae Dei Ecclesiae
specialis amator."
Sir Archibald Dunbar says that he established the Bishoprics of
Dunkeld and Moray in June, 1 107, on the day on which Turgot was
elected to St. Andrews ; but for that statement there is no evidence.
He restored lands and made valuable gifts to the Church of St.
Andrews, probably about the time when Bishop Robert was elected.
He also granted lands to the Church of Dunfermline. He confirmed
King Edgar's gifts to the monks of St. Cuthbert. He founded a
monastery at Scon and liberally endowed it. He also founded a
religious house on St. Colm's Island.
It is an interesting question whether Alexander was king of all
Scotland, or whether his brother David ruled over part of the country
south of the Forth and Clyde. Ailred, in the History of the Battle
of the Standard, makes Robert de Brus say that King Edgar
bequeathed to David a portion of his kingdom, which Alexander was
driven to yield from fear of the Normans or English ; and the
anonymous writer of the Introduction to the Registry of the Bishopric
of Glasgow speaks of David as princeps and dux of Cumbria.
Many writers of Scottish history have asserted or assumed that the
kingdom was dismembered in the reign of Alexander ; but in my
humble opinion Earl David was not a prince or ruler, independent of
the King of the Scots. He was only the owner or overlord of lands
which Edgar had bequeathed to him. The often-repeated statement
that during King Alexander's reign David was ruler of Cumbria is,
I think, without foundation.
King Alexander married Sibylla, an illegitimate daughter of King
Henry I., a woman without character or attractions, who died in 1122.
It is said (Sir Archibald Dunbar, Scottish Kings, p. 53) that the king
had an illegitimate son, Malcolm, who gave trouble to King David ;
but the paternity of that Malcolm is quite uncertain. Sir Archibald
Dunbar carefully examined the chronicles as to the date of Alexander's
death, and the result of his investigations is that the king died at
Stirling on 23rd April, 1124. He was buried in the church at Dun-
fermline, and was succeeded by his brother, Earl David.
In the Treasury of Durham there are three original charters by
Alexander, Nos. xxvi., xxvil., and xxxi., pp. 21, 22, and 24.
p. 20. Pro fratre vestro : King Edgar, who died in January, 1 107.
Ailred said of him : "Edgarus homo erat dulcis et amabilis cognato
suo regi Edwardo per omnia similis, nichil tyrannicum nichil durum
nichil avarum in suos exercens, sed cum maxima caritate et benevo-
lentia subditos regens " (Twysden, 367).
p. 20. serviant is a clerical error for serviunt.
p. 21. ' De fratribus nostris' : monks sent by the Archbishop.
NOTES XXV.-XXVIII. 263
XXVI.
The original charter is at Durham, with a seal. It was printed in
Smith's Bede, p. 761 ; Raine's N. Durham, Appendix, p. 3, No. X. ;
Anderson, Diplom., Plate vni. ; a facsimile in the National MSS. of
Scotland, No. vm. Smith describes the seal : " In sigilli ejus obversa
facie cernitur Rex cum corona, habitu regio indutus, cum gladio in
dextra et orbe in sinistra, in throno sedens. Inscriptio est X Alex-
ander Deo Rectore Rex Scottorum. In aversa facie eques armatus
cum eadem inscriptione."
The monks of St. Cuthbert had not succeeded in obtaining or in
keeping quiet possession of the land of Swinton, which King Edgar
has granted to them by Charter XX., ante, p. 17. King Alexander
here announces to Algar, the Prior of Durham, that he and Earl
David, his brother, confirm King Edgar's gift, and order the Prior
and the monks neither to bring nor to defend action regarding Swinton
in any court, but to wait until it be heard by the king personally or by
those specially commissioned by his letters.
p. 21. Algaro priori, Prior of Durham, 1109-1133,
p. 21. frater meus David. Swinton must have been part of the land
held under the Earl ; hence the king adds that his brother joins in
confirming King Edgar's grant.
XXVII.
The original is at Durham, with a seal. It was printed in Smith's
Bede, p. 761 ; Raine's N. Durham, Appendix, p. 3, No. XI. ; Ander-
son's Diplomata, Plate vin. ; National MSS. of Scotland, No. ix.
This is a repetition of the command to Prior Algar not to litigate
regarding Swinton, except in presence of the king. The king informs
the Prior that he has many things to say to him in private.
XXVIII.
From Eadmer, Hist. Nov., p. 117 (Selden's edition) ; Rolls' edition
(Vol. 81), p. 236 ; 2 ConciL, 191.
This is a letter by the king to the Archbishop of Canterbury :
" Help us to a successor to Turgot of St. Andrews ; the Pope or the
Archbishops of Canterbury have always consecrated the bishops of
that see." (Dr. Robertson, Preface to Statuta, p. xxv j Hailes'
Annals, I., p. 57.)
264 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
p. 22. Radulfus . . . Cantuar. Archiepis. Ralph d'Escures, some-
times called Ralph de Turbine, became a monk of Seez in 1079 ;
abbot, 1089. He fled to England to avoid the violence of Robert de
Belleme in noo. In 1108 he was consecrated Bishop of Rochester;
in 1109 he was administrator of the Province of Canterbury on Arch-
bishop Anselm's death, and in 1114 he was elected Archbishop of
Canterbury. He had a prolonged dispute with the Archbishop of
York regarding their respective rights. He died in 1 122.
p. 22. Episcopus . . . videlicet Turgodus. There are two accounts
of the early life of Turgot. In the continuation of Simeon of Durham
it is said that Turgot was a descendant of a respectable Saxon family,
and that, after the Norman Conquest, he was confined as a hostage in
the Castle of Lincoln, from which he escaped. After a residence of
several years in Norway he returned to England, where he was
received by Walcher, Bishop of Durham, and was elected Prior of
Durham, an office which he held until he was elected Bishop of St.
Andrews in 1 107.
Another account is, that he and Aldwine were monks of Jarrow, and
that they resided for a time in a monastery at Melrose, that he became
Confessor to Queen Margaret, and that he was the author of the Life
of the Queen, written at the request of her daughter, the Queen of
England. He was Prior of Durham, 1087-1109. He was elected
Bishop of St. Andrews by King Alexander, ' clero et populo.'
The continuation of the History of Simeon of Durham (ed. Hinde,
I., p. 96) states : " Sed per annum et eo amplius dilata est ejus
ordinatio propter dissensiones Eboracensis ecclesiae atque ecclesiae
Sancti Andreae Scotiae. . . . Sed ne diutius pastore [viduata] vacil-
laret ecclesia, rogatus a Rege Scottorum Rex Henricus praecepit, ut
Eboracensis Archiepiscopus Thomas junior, hunc sine ulla subjectionis
exactione consecraret, salva utriusque ecclesiae auctoritate, ut postea,
ubi et quando et a quibus ratio exigentur, debitus finis controversiam
utriusque partis dirimeret. Veniens ergo sic consecratus Scotiam."
Turgot found his position in Scotland a difficult one : " Cum causis
emergentibus digne non posset episcopate officium exercere, Romam
ire disposuit, ubi consilio et judicis domini Papae Paschalis vitam
suam transigeret. Sed ne id ad effectum perduceret, invalescentibus
inter ipsum et regem causis, prae angustia spiritus decidit in melan-
choliam." (2 Concil., p. 189.)
He left Scotland and returned to Durham, and thence to Wear-
mouth, and died in 1115. Immediately after his death King
Alexander I. wrote this letter, No. xxvm. Nothing was done. The
Archbishop of Canterbury left England in the autumn of 1116 and
remained abroad till 1120.
p. 22. Kal. Septembris : perhaps a mistake for April. See 2 Con-
cil., p. 191.
p. 23. Lanfrancus nescimus quo pacto. This refers to a compact
between Archbishop Lanfranc and Archbishop Thomas I. of York at
the Council of Windsor, A.D. 1072, assigning to York the primacy
over Scotland. (2 Concil., p. 159.)
NOTES XXVIII.-XXIX. 265
XXIX.
The original charter is at Durham. Printed in Smith's Bede,
p. 762 ; Raine, N. Durham, Appendix, p. 23, No. Cl. ; facsimile in the
National MSS. of Scotland, No. xin. ; Anderson's Diplomata, fac-
simile, Plate x.
Smith describes the seal : "In sigillo Davidis comitis cernitur eques
armatus cum hac inscriptione + Sigillum Davit Comitis Anglorum
Regine fratris."
This confirmation was granted (probably soon after No. XXVI.), at
the Court of Henry I., and is witnessed by Matilda, the Queen of
England, and by William, her only son.
p. 23. David was the youngest son of King Malcolm III. and Queen
Margaret. He was born about A.D. 1080, and was not more than
thirteen or fourteen years of age when his father was killed at Alnwick.
He is said to have consented to a grant by his brother Ethelred to
the monastery of St. Serf's. He may have been then in Scotland, but
generally, before he succeeded to the throne, he lived in England at
the Court of Henry I., whose queen was David's sister. He suc-
ceeded to lands and rights in the south of Scotland on the death of
King Edgar.
Ailred, Battle of the Standard (Twysden, 343), represents Robert
de Brus as saying to King David just before the battle : " Putasne
igitur O Rex quod aequis oculis aspiciet celestis ilia Majestas,
quod illos insistis absumere per quos tibi tuisque regnum procuratur
et securitas in regno ? . . . Tu ipse rex cum portionem regni quam
idem tibi frater moriens delegavit a fratre Alexandro reposceres,
nostro certe terrore, quidquid volueras sine sanguine impetrasti."
In the Register of the Bishopric of Glasgow it is stated that, in the
reign of Alex. I., God sent to the inhabitants of the Bishopric, David,
the brother of the king, "in principem et ducem," and, later, "David
vero Cumbrensis regionis princeps amore precipue Dei partim quoque
(ob) religiosi dilectionem et ammonitionem terras ecclesiae Glasguensi
pertinentes singulis Cumbriae provinciis que sub dominio et potestate
ejus erant non vero toti Cumbrensi regione dominabatur inquirere
fecit." From these passages, and from the fact that Earl David
restored the Bishopric of Glasgow and founded an abbey at
Selkirk, and had lands and rights in the south of Scotland,
many of our best historians have held that on the death of King
Edgar, the Kingdom of Scotland was divided between Alexander and
David. Lord Hailes, I., p. 54, said : " Edgar had on deathbed
bequeathed that part of Cumberland which the Scottish kings
possessed to his youngest brother David. Alexander at first disputed
the validity of this donation, but perceiving that David had won over
the English barons to his interest, he acquiesced in this dismember-
ment of the Kingdom."
Robertson, Early Kings, I., p. 170: "Edgar . . . with his latest
breath bequeathed the appanage of Scottish Cumbria to his youngest
266 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
brother David," and on p. 183 he speaks "of the dismemberment of the
Kingdom by the separation of Scottish Cumbria."
Hill Burton, I., p. 422 : " Edgar left it as a bequest or injunction
that Cumbria should be ruled by his younger brother David. . . .
the disjunction of this part of the dominion of the King of Scots,
though it was but a brief arrangement, was still important in history."
Skene, Celt. Scot., I., p. 455: "The death of his brother Edgar
placed him, by his bequest, in possession of almost the entire Scottish
territory south of the Firths of Forth and Clyde with the title of Earl.
The districts thus possessed by him, extended on the east from the
Tweed as far at least as the Lammermoor range, beyond which was the
Earldom of Gospatric of Dunbar ; while the district extending from
the Esk to the Forth was retained by King Alexander."
On the same page Skene speaks of Earl David's "independent posi-
tion," and p. 456: "David's possessions in Cumbria consisted there-
fore of the counties of Lanark, Ayr, Renfrew, Dumfries, and Peebles
... he was overlord of Galloway and his rule extended also over
Lothian and Teviotdale and the Counties of Berwick, Roxburgh and
Selkirk."
Mr. Hume Brown said of Edgar, p. 69, that he " sought to make an
arrangement which would ensure a peaceful succession to his own
Government. He desired that his brother Alexander should rule with
the title of King of the Scots over the country to the north of the
Forth, inclusive of Lothian, as far as Edinburgh. To his younger
brother David he proposed to give Cumbria and the greater part of
Lothian with the title of comes or earl."
Mr. Andrew Lang, p. 99: "Alexander I. only received Scot-
land north of Clyde and Forth, including Edinburgh. David got
Lothian and Cumbria, with the title of Earl." " Mr. Skene makes the
probable conjecture that this arrangement was intended to evade
English claims on « Scotland of the Scots.' "
Sir Archibald Dunbar, p. 47 : " The Sovereignty of Cumbria and
Lothian south of the Lammermoors was delegated by King Edgar
when dying to his brother Earl David, in January, 1106-7."
Thus our best historians are agreed that Alexander did not rule
over the whole kingdom of Scotland, it may seem rash to attempt to
withstand the weight of such authority, but, nevertheless, I venture to
express the opinion that Alexander was King of the whole of Scotland,
and that the ' portio regni ' which Edgar bequeathed to David, and
which David possessed during his brother Alexander's reign, was only
a considerable extent of land in the west and south of Scotland, with
no greater rights than Earl David had in his earldom in England,
which undoubtedly he held under the King.
Between A.D. 1110-1114 David married Matilda, Countess of
Northampton, the daughter of Countess Judith (niece of William the
Conqueror) by her marriage to Earl Waltheof.
After Earl Waltheof was beheaded in 1075, William the Conqueror
proposed to give the Countess Judith in marriage to Simon de St. Liz,
but because he was lame the Countess rejected him. The King then
gave to him in marriage Matilda, the Countess Judith's eldest daughter,
with the Earldom of Northampton and the Honour of Huntingdon.
Simon de St. Liz joined the crusade, and died abroad about mo ; his
widow soon afterwards married Earl David. She was some years his
NOTES XXIX.-XXX. 267
senior, for she was born not later than 1073, and David, as already
mentioned, was born about 1080. After their marriage they lived
at Yardley, in Northamptonshire, until the Earl succeeded to the
throne of Scotland.
p. 23. Mathildis Reginae. Maud, the wife of Henry I. of England,
the daughter of Malcolm III. and Queen Margaret. She and her
sister Mary, after the death of their parents, were educated in the
nunnery of Romney. She was married to Henry I. on nth
November, noo, at Westminster. She died ist May, 1118, and
was buried in Westminster Abbey.
p. 23. Willelmi filii sui. The only son of King Henry I. and
Queen Maud. He was drowned in the wreck of the white ship
crossing from Normandy in 1120 when he was 18 years of age. The
chronicles do not speak well of the habits of the Prince and his
companions.
XXX.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham. The seal is missing.
Printed in Raine, N. Durham, App., p. 23, No. C. ; National MSS. of
Scotland, No. XII.
It was granted between the election of John, Bishop of Glasgow,
circa 1115, and the death of Queen Maud of England in 1118,
probably at the same time as xxix. ; that is addressed to the Prior of
Durham, this to John the Bishop and others and to the Earl's faithful
Thegns and Drengs of Lothian and Teviotdale.
It is a confirmation by the Earl of all the rights which the monks of
St. Cuthbert had at the death of King Edgar, with a special con-
firmation of their rights in the whole lands of Swinton. Berwickshire
lay within the Bishopric of St. Andrews. Probably the reason why this
mandate is addressed to the Bishop of Glasgow is that the see of St.
Andrews was vacant between the death of Turgot in 1115 and the
election of Eadmer in 1120.
p. 23. Johanni Episcopo. Keith describes John as "a person of
good learning and great probity, who had travelled both into France
and Italy for his improvement, and had had the charge of the
education of Earl David." He was appointed Bishop of Glasgow,
1115, probably Earl, "consilio clericorumque suorum auxilio in epis-
copum elegit" (Reg. Epis. Glasg., p. 4), but in later years the
Archbishop of York asserted that John was elected in the Church
of York as a suffragan. He was consecrated by Pope Paschal before
Jany., 1118. The Register of Glasgow states that John was unwilling
to accept the Bishopric (" licet invitus ").
Early in his episcopate the Bishop refused to recognise the
authority of the Archbishop of York. Successive Popes in vain ordered
him to be obedient. Pope Gelasius wrote to that effect in 1118 ; in
November, 1119, Pope Calixtus also wrote to him. John not only
268 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
did not submit, but he is said to have advised Eadmer, Bishop of St.
Andrews, to refuse to conform. On 22nd August, and again on I5th
January, 1122, Pope Calixtus wrote the letters XLIV. and XLV. (ante,
pp. 40 and 41), enjoining submission to York.
The bishop did not obey, and he was suspended. He then went to
Rome to plead his cause, and having failed to convince the Pope, he
went to Jerusalem, and there he stayed with the Patriarch for some
months. (2 Concil., 21.)
In 1123 he obeyed an order to return to his diocese, and it is
probable that he was in Scotland in April, 1124, when King Alexander
died and David I. became king.
In the summer of 1125 the Papal Legate, John of Crema, came to
Roxburgh with instructions to enquire into and to report to the Pope
on the dispute between the bishops of Scotland and the Archbishop
of York. If an enquiry was made, no record of it has been preserved.
Shortly after Michaelmas, 1125, Bishop John accompanied the
Archbishops of Canterbury and York and the Bishop of Lincoln to
Rome, and in December of that year the matter was heard by the
Pope. The record runs : " Quia vero Johannes Glesguensis Episcopus
ibi in curia praesens erat, Thurstinus Archiepiscopus clamavit se de
ep coram Apostolico, eo quod ipse Johannes in Eboracensi Ecclesia
sicut suffraganeus ejus electus, et per literas suas a Papae Paschali
consecratus, postea nee propter literas ejusdem Papa Paschalis, neque
Kalixti, quas ibi recitari fecit, quicquid obedientiae vel reverentiae ei
voluit exhibere : similiter et de Episcopis Scotiae conquestus est.
Persuasum fuerat Papae Scotiam non esse de regno Angliae, quia
volebant pallium requirere Episcopo Sancti Andreae, et ita Archi-
episcopum ibi creari. Sed Archiepiscopus Thurstinus et secreto et
palam in curia ostendit Scotiam de regno Angliae esse, et Regem
Scotorum ligium hominem Regis Angliae esse. Glesguensis autem
Episcopus querelae Archiepiscopi ita respondit, se non venisse voca-
tum, et in legatione domini sui Regis Scotiae ibi esse. Decretumque
est diem illi statuere, et Episcopos Scotiae et absentes per literas
Domini Papae summonere. Statuitque Papa, Thurstino Archiepiscopo
et Johanni diem a proxima Quadragesima in alteram, sic dicens
Johanni Episcopo, Frater in quibus bonae memoriae Papa Gelasius
te ligavit, nos (non ?) te absolvimus. Episcopos Scotiae ad diem
designatum per literas vocare disposuit." (2 Concil., p. 23 ; Twysden,
1719; Stubbs, Act. Pont. Eborac., taken from Hugh the Chanter;
Raine, Fasti Ebor., 197.)
The Archbishop of York and the Bishop of Glasgow remained in
Rome all the winter of 1125 (2 Concil., p. 23). They returned to
England in 1126. The Bishop of Glasgow continued disobedient
to the commands of the Pope. Honorius II. wrote to him on 9th
December, 1126 : "Obey Thurstin of York." (Reg. Mag. Alb. Ebor.,
p. i, fol. 5ib ; 2 Concil., p. 24.)
On I7th July, 1127, the Bishop was at Roxburgh when the Bishop of
St. Andrews acknowledged that the Church of Coldingham was free
from aid, cain, or conveth (ante, p. 59). He assisted at the con-
secration of Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, and he was a witness
to the acknowledgment by York that St. Andrews had been con-
secrated " sine professione et obedientia " (ante, pp. 63 and 64).
Possibly for a few years the relations between Glasgow and York
NOTES XXX 269
were less strained, but on 29th November, 1131, Pope Innocent had
occasion again to write to the Bishop of Glasgow enjoining obedience
to York (ante, p. 81).
Bishop John exercised episcopal functions both in Scotland and
Cumberland, which excited the displeasure of the King of England.
" Hie Henricus . . . videns Johannem Episcopum Glasguensem per
Cumberlandiam ecclesias dedicare, et cetera officia pontificalia
secundum morem juris antiqui perficere, cum nee sibi nee Archi-
episcopo Eboracensi vellet inde ut domino et praelato obsecundare ;
incitante Turstino Eboracensi Archiepiscopo, constituit per vim et
violentiam Eadwaldum Episcopum in Cumberlandia, ad titulum
Carleolensem, contra eum, quia non erat qui ei resistere audebat.
Quod cum vidisset Episcopus Johannes Episcopatum suum Glasguen-
sem taliter dimembrari, et neque per legem neque per Regem defendi,
transfretavit, et in monasterio Tironensi sese in monachum obtulit."
(Fordun, Scotichron., VIIL, 3 ; Book of Pluscarden, Book vi., ch. xviii.,
Vol. II., p. 7 ; 2 Concil., p. 27.)
It is doubtful whether Bishop John left his diocese and became a
monk as early as the year 1133. There are letters from Pope
Innocent II. — one to the Archbishop of York (2nd May, 1134)
and another on 22nd April, 1136, and to the Archbishops of
Canterbury and York (2 Concil., pp. 28, 29, 30), which seem to
me to imply that the Bishop of Glasgow was in Scotland as late as
1136.
The Bishop's name is not among the witnesses to a charter by King
David granted on the occasion of the consecration of the Church of
Glasgow on I7th July, 1136 (Reg. Episc. Glas., No. in.). Finding a
note of a visit to the Orkneys in 1137 of a Bishop John, Robertson
(Early Kings, I., p. 404) suggested that the Bishop of Glasgow was in
the north of Scotland in that year.
He was recalled to his diocese in 1138.
"A.D. 1138, Sept. 26-29. Provincial Council of Scottish Bishops
at Carlisle under the Legate Alberic : Et quoniam cognovit quod
Johannis Glesguensis Episcopus curam animarum quam habuerat
nulli commiserat, et sine licentia et clanculo Episcopatum suum
reliquerat, et, nulla evidente necessitate cogente, apud Tironam
monachus effectus est, de illo definivit, ut regius nuntius cum ipsius et
Regis pariter litteris pro eo mitteretur ; et se redire nollet, sententia
super ilium daretur et ita factum est" (2 Concil., p. 31 ; R. of Hexham,
Twysden, 325 ; Hailes, p. 91. J. Prior of Hexham, Twysden,
264.)
During the next nine years John remained in Scotland, occupied
with the affairs of his diocese. He founded the Priory of Jedburgh,
and was liberal to many churches. In 1140 Hugh de Morville founded
the Abbey of Kilwinning, in the diocese of Glasgow, to which were
brought monks from the monastery of Tiron, where Bishop John
had been a monk; and in 1144 monks from Tiron were brought to
Lesmahagow, in Lanarkshire, which was made a cell of Kelso.
In May, 1147, Bishop John assisted at a ceremony at Coldingham
at which were present the King, the Bishop of St Andrews, the
abbots of Roxburgh and Melrose, and many others. A few days
afterwards, on the 28th of the month, the bishop died. (Chron. de
Mailros, p. 73.)
270 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
John of Hexham, under date 1148, Twysden, 276: "Defunctus est
eodem anno Johannes Episcopus Glasguensis, propter excellentiam
virtutis David Regis Scotiae familiarissimus. Sepultusque est in
ecclesia de Jedderwirth in qua conventum regularium clericorum ipse
disposuit."
S23. Cospatrico et Colbano et Rodberto fratribus. These pro-
ly were three monks.
p. 23. Tegni et Drengi. The Thegns and Drengs were the Earl's
vassals holding lands under him in Lothian and Teviotdale. I take
the following from Dr. Maitland's Doomsday Book and Beyond,
p. 308 :
" Point by point we can compare the tenure of these ministri and
equites of the tenth with that of the thegns and drengs of the twelfth
and thirteenth centuries, and at point after point we find similarity,
almost identity. They pay rent ; they have horses, and their horses
are at the service of their lord ; they must ride his errands, carry his
stores, assist him in the chase ; they must fight if need be, but the exact
nature of this obligation is indefinite. Dependent tenure is here, and
we may say feudal tenure, and even tenure by knight's service, for
though the English cniht of the tenth century differs much from the
knight of the twelfth, still it is a change in military tactics rather than
a change in legal ideas that is required to convert the one into the other.
As events fell out there was a breach of continuity ; the English thegns
and drengs and knights either had to make way for Norman milites or,
as sometimes happened, they were subjected to Norman milites, and
constituted a class for which no place could readily be found in the
new jurisprudence of tenures."
Land was held in Lancashire by the tenure of Thegnage and
Drengage (Farrar, pp. 2 and 35). In Berwickshire Cospatric, the
Earl, addressed a charter " omnibus meis probis hominibus theinis et
drengis clericis et laicis," and another "omnibus probis hominibus
meis theinis et drengis clericis et laicis (Cartae Monalium de Cald-
strem, pp. 6, 8).
XXXI.
The original is at Durham, with a seal. It was printed in Smith's
Bede, p. 761 ; Raine's N. Durham, App. (No. ix., p. 3) ; facsimile in
Anderson's Diplom., Plate IX., in Nat. MSS. of Scotland, No. x.
It was written early in the reign of King Alexander; he seems
to speak of King Edgar as recently dead. It is a general confirmation
of all King Edgar's gifts to Durham, " et nominatim" that land
which lies between Horndean and Cnapdene.
XXXII.
The original charter is at Durham, with a seal attached. It was
printed in Smith's Bede, p. 761 ; facsimile in the National MSS. of
NOTES XXX.-XXXII. 271
Scotland, No. XI. ; in Raine's N. Durham App., p. 23, No. XCIX. ;
facsimile in Anderson's Diplom., Plate XL
By charter (ante, XXII., p. 18) King Edgar granted Fishwick and the
land between Horewordene and Cnapdene, which was confirmed by
Alexander I. (No. xxxi., p. 24). Disputes arose between the monks
and the Earl's drengs of Horndean. The Earl held that if the monks
could prove that they had right to Horndean they should be main-
tained in quiet possession. The monks then produced a ' breve ' and
'donum' by King Edgar, which the earl sent to the Bishop of
Glasgow and to Colban and Cospatric, and directed them to maintain
the monks in possession of all the land which that 'breve' gave.
The breve has not been preserved. It was not No. XXII., in
which the land between Horndene and Cnapdean was granted, for
this dispute related to Horndean itself.
p. 25. Willelmi nepotis mei. He was the son of King Duncan II.,
by Ethreda, daughter of Earl Gospatric. (Chron. Cumb., Dugdale
Monast., III., p. 584, and 2 Bain Cal., p. 8, No. 64.) William was still
very young when his father was killed in 1094. If Duncan was legiti-
mate, William was the heir to the throne. The older chroniclers
and writers called Duncan "nothus," a bastard, but when Torfaeus,
relying on the Orkneyinga Saga, stated that Malcolm Canmore had
married Ingibiorg, the widow of Earl Thorfin, and had by her a
son, Duncan, later Scottish historians began to consider Duncan
to be legitimate.
I venture to doubt the authority of the Saga even as to the marriage,
for Ingibiorg was old enough to be Malcolm's mother, being an
elderly lady when her husband Earl Thorfin died, about 1064,
even if she did marry the Scottish king it is by no means certain that
she bore him a son. William Fitz Duncan was never recognised as
the heir to the crown, and the position which he and his family held
seems to me to show that his father was not legitimate.
William was the constant attendant of King David. He witnessed
a great many of the king's charters, sometimes styled "Willelmus
nepos Regis," sometimes "Willelmus films Duncani." The Chronicle
of Cumbria and the Tower document call him " Comes de Murraye."
Angus was Earl of Murray until 1130, when he was killed at the battle
of Strikathro. It is possible that William held the earldom for a
time, but he is not designated earl in any Scottish record. He com-
manded a division of the Scots army which invaded Northumberland
in 1137. After failing in an attempt to take the castle ofWark, he
wasted Yorkshire with great barbarity and with monstrous cruelty to
women and children. (Rich, of Hexham, Twysden, 318.)
In 1 138 William Fitz Duncan with a force of Galloway men advanced
into Craven, and in a battle at Clithero, near the source of the Ribble,
he gained a victory on the Qth of June.
" Willielmus filius Dunecan circa Clitherou caedens et persequens,
procinctum militiae Anglorum in turmis quatuor sibi occurrentem
excepit. Quern prima congressionis constantia in fugam actum
internicioni dedit, multamque praedam et multitudinem captivitatis
272 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
adduxit. Hoc bellum factum est inter Anglos, Pictos et Scottos apud
Clitherou feria sexta die quindecimo ante Nativitatem Sancti Johannis
Baptistae anno praedicto, id est 1138 "(John of Hexham, Twysden,
p. 261).
Two months afterwards (22nd August, 1138) William Fitz Duncan
was in command of a part of the Scots army at the battle of the
Standard. He prevented King David from yielding to the appeal
made to him by Robert de Brus on the field of battle. Ailred
(i Twysden, 345) : " Sed Guillielmus regis nepos, vir magni animi et
belli praecipuus incentor superveniens, ipsum Rodbertum cum maximo
furore arguit proditionis, regemque a sententia flexit."
William Fitz Duncan married Alice de Romelie, a great English
heiress. She was the daughter of William Meschin, Lord of Copeland,
and of Cecilia de Romelie, the heiress of Skipton in Yorkshire.
If a charter printed by Dugdale (Monast., vi., p. 203) be genuine,
William Fitz Duncan's marriage took place before 1140, for it
is addressed to Thurstan, Archbishop of York, who died in 1140,
but as it was witnessed by the abbots of Kirkstall and Sallay,
abbeys which were not founded until 1147 and 1153, it is pro-
bably spurious. When William married Alice de Romelie, her
mother Cecilia was still alive. There is a charter by that lady and
" gener meus Willielmus nepos regis Scotiae Dunecani," granting
Kildwyke to the church of Embessy " per unum cutellum . . . super
altare S. Mariae et S. Cuthberti." Dugdale, Mon., vi., p. 203.
There is a genuine charter by William, of which a facsimile is
given by Dr. Whitaker in his History of Craven, p. 162.
" W. Dunecani filius omnibus hominibus de Craua Francis et Anglis
salutem.
"Sciatis me concessisse Domino Deo et Sanctae Mariae et Sancto
Cuthberto de Ameseia et canonicis ejusdem loci totam villam de
Childeuuic cum molendino et cum socca molendini et quicquid ad
praedictam villam pertinet in bosco in piano in aquis et pascuis, in
elemosina libere ab omni seculari servitio et absolute pro salute animae
meae et uxoris meae et antecessorum meorum. Testibus Adam Suani
filio et Ranulfo de Lindesia et Waltero Vianeis et Roberto Engerranni
filio et Durando et Willelmo de Archis et Heltone Malleurer et
Ricardo Elsulf filio et Rogero Tempeste et Simone Gospatrici filio
et Rogero Faisinton et Aldredo Ulfi filio et Ranero fratre suo et
Willelmo de Risletonae et Drogone breuifactore."
There is a curious passage in the history by John, prior ot
Hexham, under date A.D. 1152 (i Twysden, 279): "Et Rex tune
cum exercitu suo confirmavit Willielmum filium Dunecani nepotem
suum in Honorem de Sciptun et Crafna, munitiunculamque ab
hostibus constructam effregit, ejectisque militibus diruit. Peccaverunt
ibi Scotti in direptionibus ecclesiarum, quo quibus rex dato unicuique
ecclesiae calice argenteo satisfecit."
It is difficult to understand how the King of Scotland had power to
interfere by force in Yorkshire, and why William needed his assistance.
The Tower document, No. ^jp (2 Bain, Cal., p. 17), seems to say that
King David was at one time opposed to William Fitz Duncan : "War
was moved between the King of Scotland and William." I do not
profess to understand either this passage or that in John of Hexham.
William Fitz Duncan died before 1151, survived by his widow Alice
NOTES XXXII. 273
de Romelie, a son, William of Egremont, and three daughters. Several
charters by Alice de Romelie have been preserved (Whitaker's
Craven, pp. 430, 438, 456).
Their son William was by some supposed to have been the "Boy of
Egremont" who was drowned at the Strid in the Wharf, his hound
holding back when he sprang across the stream. The news was
brought to his widowed mother by the falconer, who said :
" What is good for a bootless bene ?
She made answer : Endless sorrow,
For she knew that her son was dead. . . .
Long long in darkness did she sit,
And the first words were : Let there be
In Bolton, on the field of Wharf,
A stately Priory."
It is probable, however, that the Boy of Egremont was a brother and
not a son of Alice de Romelie. The Priory of Embessy was founded
by her mother, possibly in memory of a son, and when the monks of
Embessy, in 1151, were removed to Bolton by Alice de Romelie (the
terms of the charter suggest that William Fitz Duncan was then dead),
her son William of Egremont consented.
It is thus clear that the Priory of Bolton was not founded in memory
of the later William, for he himself was one of its founders. William
of Egremont died young. The three daughters, Cecilia, Amabel,
and Alice, were in ward of King Henry II., who gave them in marriage
to men of rank ; the eldest married the Earl of Albemarle, who had
commanded the English at the battle of the Standard, in which
William Fitz Duncan was engaged on the side of the King of the
Scots.
The Orkneyinga Saga stated that " King Melkolf and Ingibiorghad
a son Dungad, King of Scotland, the father of William, who was a
good man. His son was William the Noble, whom all the Scots
wished to take for their King" (Coll. de Rebus Alban., p. 346). If
William " the good man " was William Fitz Duncan, certainly William
the Noble was not William of Egremont, but another William, of
whom we have no contemporary Scottish account.
In 1179 King William the Lion had some trouble with a revolt of
the men of Ross and Moray under a claimant who (Fordun says) ,
" pretended to be the son of William the son of Duncan the Bastard."
p. 25. Osbern the chaplain is probably Osbertus capellanus, a
witness to Earl David's charter to the Abbey of Selkirk.
p. 25. Hugo de Mprevilla was a Northamptonshire baron, the lifelong
friend of King David. He witnessed a large number of the king's
charters. In 1131 his name appears in the English Pipe Rolls as a
proprietor in the counties of Northampton, Huntingdon, and Rutland,
when he was excused from payment of Danegeld. His son was given
as a hostage to England in 1 139. In 1 140 Hugh de Moreville assisted
William Cumin in the attempt to get the Bishopric of Durham.
No charter to De Moreville has been preserved ; but it is known
that David I. gave him lands in Lauderdale and in the Lothians, and
the lordship of Cunningham in Ayrshire.
About the middle of the twelfth century he was Constable of Scot-
S
274 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
land. He founded and endowed the abbeys of Kilwinning and Dry-
burgh. His wife was Beatrix de Bellocampo, of a noble Northamp-
tonshire family.
They had at least three sons and a daughter: (i) Richard. (2)
Malcolm, who, when hunting, was accidentally killed by Adulf, the
brother of Alexander de St. Martin (Reg. de Dryburgh, pp. 68, 69).
(3) Roger, alias Robert (Reg. de Dryburgh, p. 3). Ada (Reg. de
Dryburgh, p. 68).
Hugo de Moreville took the habit of a canon regular in Dryburgh ;
his son Richard, in a charter (Reg. de Dryburgh, p. 4), said : " Pre-
terea . . . confirmo eidem ecclesiae donationes patris mei quas . . .
eisdem fratribus dedit . . . die qua pater meus canonicalem habitum
sumpsit." He died in 1162 (Chron. of Melros, p. 78).
The relationship of Hugo de Moreville to the Cumberland family of
De Moreville of Burg is not certain. Probably Simon de Moreville,
who married the heiress of Ranulf Engaine of Burg and who held that
barony in the fourth year of King Henry II. (1158), was his nephew.
Hugh de Moreville, who had a grant of Knaresborough Castle and
other lands in Yorkshire and Westmorland in 1158, who was a
benefactor to Holmcultram Abbey, and who was one of the murderers
of Archbishop Thomas a Becket in 1 1 70, was a son of Simon de
Moreville, and a grand-nephew of Hugo de Moreville of Lauderdale
and Cunningham.
XXXIII.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham, with a seal. It was
printed in Smith's Bede, p. 763 ; facsimile in Anderson's Diplom.,
LXIX. ; Raine, N. Durham, App., p. 38, No. CLXII. ; National MSS.
of Scotland, No. xiv.
The seal : " Effigies hominis sedentis, nudi caput, tenentis capulum
gladii in dextra et laminam ejusdem in sinistra. Haec autem est
sigilli inscriptio THOR ME MITTIT AMICO."
It is a 'breve' addressed by Thor Longus to his dearest lord,
David the Earl, repeating his gift to the monks of St. Cuthbert,
and requesting Earl David to confirm the grant.
XXXIV.
The original has not been preserved. This is taken from Raine,
N. Durham, App., p. 23, No. Cii., he found it in the smaller Char-
tulary of Durham.
It was granted after the appointment of John to the Bishopric of
Glasgow in 1115, and before the death of King Alexander in 1124. It
is a fragment, without witnesses, in which Earl David confirms Thor's
NOTES XXXII.-XXXV. 275
grant of Ednam (xxiv., ante, p. 19 ; XXXIII., p. 25). Thor did not
mention the Earl's wife, though here David said the grant was " pro
anima . . . conjugis meae."
XXXV.
The original charter has not been preserved. This is taken from
the Liber de Calchou in the Library of the Faculty of Advocates
which is a collection of copies of charters belonging to the monastery
of Kelso, compiled between 1300-1325.
While David was Earl he founded at Selkirk a house for monks, who
came, at his request, from the Abbey of Tiron, near Chartres, in
France. Selkirk, the site selected, proved to be unsuitable ; and
about ten or fifteen years after the arrival of the monks they were
removed to Kelso, on the Tweed, close to Roxburgh.
On the occasion of the foundation of the abbey at Selkirk, and
during the next few years, the Earl was liberal in his grants. I am
inclined to think that each of these was made by a separate writing,
and that this charter is a later composition made by uniting the
several grants, and at the end massing the names of all the witnesses
who had attested each charter.
It is difficult to give this an approximate date. The abbey is
said to have been founded in 1113, but this charter cannot have been
written before 1119, for it mentions Herbert, who became abbot in
that year. Radulf, the first abbot, resigned in 1117. William, the
second abbot, remained less than two years, as in 1 1 19 he too returned
to Tiron. Herbert, the third abbot, persuaded the king to remove the
monks to Kelso about the year 1128.
p. 26. Selechirche. Selkirk is a town and parish in the shire of
that name, on the River Ettrick, below its confluence with the
Yarrow, and above its confluence with the Tweed. It was a demesne
of the Crown, part of the land bequeathed by King Edgar to his
brother David.
p. 27. Gieruam : the Yarrow. Though, after the confluence of the
Yarrow and Ettrick, the stream is now called the Ettrick, at the date
of this charter it was called the Gierva. It requires a local know-
ledge, which I do not possess, to identify the stream which, descend-
ing from the hills, pours into the Gierva, and that on the other side,
which, descending from Crossinemara, pours into the Tweed. I do
not find them identified by Mr. Craig Brown.
p. 27. Ultra eundem rivulum. To understand and explain this
demands a minute knowledge of Selkirk. The description seems to
refer to a bit of land near the old castle. The king did not give to
the monks the whole of Selkirk ; he retained some land, and in later
276 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
days, while the monks of Kelso owned Abbot's Selkirk, there were
lands and a church of King's Selkirk.
p. 27. Middelham, Bothendena, and Aeldona comprised a consider-
able estate of about 1000 acres in the parish of Bowden, lying to the
east of Selkirk.
p. 27. Totum dominium meum de Malros. Melrose is on the
Tweed some miles below Selkirk, to the east. The Earl's demesne
lands there must not be confounded with those of the old monastery
fragrant with memories of St. Cuthbert. Sproston. Sprouston is a
village in Roxburghshire on the Tweed, about two miles and a half
from Kelso, at some distance from Selkirk ; and the estate there
granted was a valuable one. Berewyce. This ploughgate and farm-
steading in Berwick were probably outside the burgh walls, but not
far off, because the maisura was below the church adjoining the river.
There were many fishings in the river ; of one of these (which is
not stated) the monks of Selkirk were to have half the fish. The
seventh of the mill was enjoyed by the abbey till the reign of
Alexander II., when there was an agreement between the abbey
of Kelso and the community of Berwick regarding it. The monks of
Lindisfarne had right to eight shillings from the mill by a grant from
William the Lion.
p. 27. Census. From Berwick, as from all the king's burghs, the
king had right to an annual rent or census ; and grants from the
revenue from burghs are frequent in all the Scottish chartularies.
This grant of forty shillings from Berwick was confirmed by Malcolm
IV. and by William the Lion.
p. 27. Rokesburge. The grants of lands and rights in Roxburgh are
almost identical with thos^e granted in Berwick. They show the rights
which the Earl as overlord had in these burghs.
p. 27. Galweia. The early history of Galloway is obscure. From
this it appears that the Earl had from it a can or rent payable in
cheese.
p. 27. Dimidietas, etc. This is the earliest example of what is found
in other chartularies, a grant of a share in the surplus of the kitchen —
hides, fat, fleeces, deerskins, etc. The value of these must have
depended on the length of time that the Earl or King remained in his
castle near the abbey ; for I take it the grant was only of skins, etc.,
from the kitchen of that castle. It cannot have been a grant of all
hides from every house at which the king ate, as it would be impossible
to collect kitchen-stuff at distant places.
p. 27. Veltrarii, I think, means huntsmen. Spelman (Glossarium>
p. 551) says that "veltris" is a hound.
p. 27. Hardingestrop, or Hardingestrorna, was a demesne of Earl
David as Earl of Northampton. It lay close to the town of North-
ampton (see Note to No. XLVI.)
p. 28. Haec omnia. This made a large estate — more than enough,
one would think — for a small community of twelve or thirteen monks.
It is interesting to observe that there is no grant of tithes nor of
churches, and nothing is said as to an abbot's court.
NOTES XXXV. 277
p. 28. John, Bishop of Glasgow, in whose diocese Selkirk lay.
p. 28. Herbert was the third abbot of Selkirk. He was the
first abbot of the new monastery at Kelso. For many years he
was called abbot of Roxburgh. In 1147 he was promoted to the
bishopric of Glasgow, and died in 1164. He must not be confounded
with Herbert the Chancellor, who was a different man (pp. 82 and 85).
p. 28. Testibus. There is here a great array of witnesses. It is not
said where, or on what occasion, they met. The list seems to me
either the accumulation of the witnesses to the several grants of which
this was a confirmation, or the invention of the writer, entering the
names of most of the notable men who attended Earl David.
p. 28. Henry, son of the Earl : the only son of David I. If this
charter was granted in 1119 Henry was then a boy of four or five
years old.
p. 28. Gvalthelinus, Osbert, and Alwyn were probably chaplains
of the Earl's household.
p. 28. Robert de Bruis : see note to the Annandale charter.
p. 28. Robert de Umframvilla : probably a son or a grandson of
Robert de Umframville who got Redesdale in Northumberland from
the Conqueror (i Dugd., Bar., 504; I Chalmer's Caledonia, p. 510).
Robert de Umframvilla was a witness to several of the earlier charters
by King David. He had two sons, Odenel and Gilbert.
p. 28. Walter de Bolebec (' in ' is a clerical error), of a Northumbrian
family (6 Hodgson, Northum., 224), witnessed two of King David's
charters. He founded Blanchland Abbey in Northumberland. I do
not know that he had any land in Scotland.
p. 28. Robert de Paintona : so far as I know, he appears in no
other Scottish record.
p. 28. Gospatric frater Dolfini, the son of Earl Gospatric, formerly
Earl of Northumberland, who got the lordship of Dunbar from
Malcolm III.
p. 28. Paganus de Braiosa William de Braose got lands in
England from the Conqueror. Paganus was probably his son. The
Braoses became a distinguished family in England, Wales, and
Ireland. William de Braose about 1201 rebelled against King John.
His wife and son were seized and starved to death, while he
escaped as a beggar to Paris. Paganus is the only member of the
family known in Scottish Records. He witnessed this charter by
Earl David, and he is one of those named as a witness in the
Inquisitio (ante, p. 47). He also appears in two charters of Colding-
ham, LXV., ante, p. 55, and xc., ante, p. 73.
p. 28. Robert Corbet. Not much is known of him. The Corbets
held Drayton in Northamptonshire, under Earl David. Robert
Corbet is a witness here, and to several charters by King David
(pp. 42, 47, 50, 63, 69, 77, 82), all granted in the early part of
his reign. Robert Corbet either died or returned to England
before the war with Stephen (A.D. 1138). It is possible (i Chalm.
Caled., p. 506) that he was the father of Walter Corbet, who in the
reign of Malcolm IV. and William I., held Malcarveston and other
278 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
lands in the south of Scotland. The granddaughter of Walter Corbet
married William, a son of Patrick, Earl of Dunbar. Her three sons,
Nicholas, Walter, and Patrick, took the name of Corbet, and possessed
lands in Northumberland (Laing's Charters). Men of the name
appear from time to time in Scottish records, but their descent from
this Robert has not been traced.
p. 28. Reginald de Muscampf (de Musco campo). King Henry I.
gave Wooley in Northumberland to Robert de Muscamp. The
family flourished for some generations (i Banks, 146; Raine, N.
Durham, p. 266). I am not able to state the relationship between the
Reginald de Muscampf here mentioned and others of the name. As
Reinaldus de Muscans he appears as a witness to the Inquisitio (ante,
P- 47).
p. 28. Walter de Lyndeseia. He was the earliest of the name
known in Scottish history. He appears as a witness to the Inquisitio
(ante, p. 47), and he witnessed the charter of Earl David to Glasgow
(ante, No. XLVI., p. 42).
In the Lives of the Lindsays it is said that this Walter disappears
after the reign of Alexander I., and that the Walter de Lindesay of
later charters in King David's reign was his son. I do not know
any evidence that the first Walter acquired land in Scotland.
p. 28. Robert de Burnetvilla was a witness to the Inquisitio (ante,
p. 47), to the Charter to Holyrood, of Airth (ante, XCIII., p. 76), to
the Charter to Coldingham, of St. Mary's Church at Berwick (ante,
xcix., p. 79), to the Great Charter of Holyrood as Robert de Burne-
ville (ante, No. CLiil, p. 119), and to the Charter to Coldingham, A.D.
1147 (ante, CLXXVIII, p. 140). A Robert de Burneville and Robert his
son are witnesses in the reign of William the Lion. I do not know
where Burnet (or Burne) ville was.
p. 28. Cospatricus vicecomes : a witness to the confirmation by
King David to the monks of St. Cuthbert, A.D., 1126 (ante, LXV., p. 55),
and to the charter to the church of St. John, Roxburgh (ante,
LXXXIIL, p. 69). I am not sure whether there be anything to show of
what place he was Sheriff.
p. 28. Cospatric son of Aldeue. Cospatric filius Alden is a witness
to the Inquisitio (p. 46).
p. 28. Uchtred son of Scot is a witness to the Inquisitio (p. 46).
p. 28. Macchus : probably Maccus son of Undweyn, who was a
witness to the Inquisitio (p. 46), and to the Great Charter of Melros,
(CXLI., p. 108). He is supposed to be the ancestor of the Maxwells.
p. 28. Colbanus : may be the Colbanus (pp. 23 and 25), to whom Earl
David addressed charters.
p. 28. Gillemichel : possibly the same Gillemichel who witnessed
King David's charter to Govan (p. 82). He may be the son of Con-
stantine. Earl of Fife.
p. 28. Odard, the Sheriff of Babenburch : Hinde, History of
Northumberland (1858), Pt. I., pp. 203-4 ; Wilson, Ancestor, No.
III., p. 74; Prescott's Wetherhal, pp. 145, 146; Round, Genealogist, V.,
p. 25. Hinde says : " Odard, the first sheriff under the Crown on
record, occurs as a witness to the foundation charter of the Abbey of
NOTES XXXV.-XXXVI. 279
Selkirk in 1113, and is there described as vicecomes de Bebbanburch.
He is mentioned by Richard of Hexham in connection with the early
history of the monastery founded in 1114, and by Symeon of Durham
in 1 12 1." Mr. Round says that Odard's father was Ligulf de Bebban-
burch (xx., ante, p. 18), and that Odard vicecomes de Babenburch
is the same as Udardus vicecomes, who at one time held Swinton
(ci., ante, p. 80).
p. 28. Liulf son of Uchtred. There was a Liulf, son of Uctred, who
held land near Coldingham (CLXXIV.) in the reign of David I.
p. 28. Radulf Anglicus and Aimar Galleius have not been identified.
p. 28. Roger de Lerecestria : Hugh de Lerecestria was the Earl's
sheriff in Northampton. Roger probably was connected with the
earldom.
p. 28. Adam camerarius : Earl David's chamberlain.
XXXVI.
The original has not been preserved. It is in the recent Chartulary
of Scon in the Library of the Faculty of Advocates, printed in the
Liber de Scon. Maitland Club edition, p. i, No. I.
Translation : In the name of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, in
which one God is adored, and worshipped, and believed. For as
David the king and prophet testifies that holiness always becomes the
house of God, I, Alexander, by the grace of God, King of Scots, son
of King Malcolm, and Queen Margaret, and I, Sibilla, Queen of Scots,
daughter of Henry, King of England, wishing to adorn the house of
God, and to exalt his dwelling-place, do grant and hand over to God,
and to St. Mary, and St. Michael, and St. John, and St. Laurence, and
St. Augustine, the church dedicated to the Holy Trinity which is in
Scone, free, exempt and quit from every exaction and disturbance
from which the royal dignity and power are able to free, protect,
and defend it. Accordingly, to extend and exalt the worship and
honour of God, it has pleased us to request Dominus Adelvald, the
Prior, [to send us] some of the canons who served God in the
church of St. Oswald, the fame of whose religion had become
known to us by the honourable testimony of upright men. These
having been granted to us by the Prior himself, free from any
profession and subjection, to them have we committed the care and
custody of the said church, so that they might there establish the
service of God canonically according to the rule of St. Augustine.
The lands, possessions, and customs assigned to that church, for
ourselves and for the souls of our fathers and mothers, and brothers
and sisters, our ancestors and our successors, who die in the faith,
We grant to be possessed for ever. And in order that no one may
28o EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
presume to violate these grants by sacrilegious violence, We by our
royal authority confirm them, by the evidence of this charter.
Now the lands and possessions are these : Infervus with five plough-
gates of land, Benchorin with three ploughgates, Fotheros with one
ploughgate, Kynochtred with one ploughgate, Fingask with one
ploughgate, Dufrothni with three ploughgates, Cleon with three
ploughgates, Liff with six ploughgates, Grudin with ten ploughgates,
Invergowrie with three ploughgates, and five ' mansiones,' one in
Edinburgh, one in Stirling, one in Inverkeithing, one in Perth, and
one in Aberdon ; the free use of the water of Tay, so that they may
fish in it, as for the use of the king ; and the can of one ship, whether
that of the brethren themselves, or of him whom they shall nominate ;
one-half of the skins from the king's kitchen, and all the skins of rams
and lambs, and half of the fat and lard, and the tenth of the king's
bread, wherever he may be, north of Lambremor.
I, Alexander, by the grace of God, King of Scots, with my own
hand confirm these, and seal them with the seal of my image.
I, Sibilla, by the grace of God, Queen of Scots, with my own hand
confirm these.
I, Gregory, Bishop by the authority of God, and of the Holy
Apostles Peter and Paul, and of St. Andrew the Apostle, that
no one may presume to violate these, confirm them under
anathema.
I, Cormac, Bishop by the authority of God and of the Holy
Apostles Peter and Paul, and of St. Andrew the Apostle,
that no one may presume to violate these, do confirm them
under anathema, or /•$' J*ot*£i\\,
I, Alexander, nephew/of King Alexander, adhibit my testimony to
these. I, Beth, Earl, the same. I, Gospatric (brother) of
Dolfin, give assent. I, Mallus, Earl, give assent. I, Madach,
Earl, give assent. I, Rothri, Earl, give assent. I, Gartnach,
Earl, give assent. I, Dufagan, Earl, give assent.
Also of this, are these other witnesses, William brother of the
Queen, Edward the Constable, Gospatric son of Walthef, Usieth,
Alfricus pincerna.
I, Forn, give assent.
Although this charter has been accepted as genuine by many
historians and antiquaries, I venture to think that it is spurious.
(i) It is not in the older Register of Scon, compiled about 1320 (the
earliest deed in which is the Bull of Pope Alexander III., A.D. 1164).
It appears in the later Register, written between 1450 and 1460.
NOTES XXXVI. 281
(2) There is evidence that, long before the Register in which it
appears was written, the old charters of the monastery of Scon had
been lost or destroyed.
In a charter which purports to have been granted by Malcolm IV.
(1153-1164) it is said: " Inde est quod ad honorem Dei et ad re-
formationem ecclesie de Scon in principali sede regni nostri fundatae,
quam incendio vastatam esse. Cognovimus ... ad ipsius ecclesiae
firmitatem et provectum abbatem in ea constituimus. Privilegia
vero antecessorum nostrorum quae predicto incendio in favillam
redacta sunt sigilli nostri munimine innovavimus bona vero et pos-
sessiones et libertates eidem ecclesie ab antecessoribus nostris rege
scilicet Alexandro, bonae memoriae viro et illustri regi, David avo
nostro necnon et a nobis collatas eidem ecclesie et abbate et canonicis
ibidem Deo servientibus et servituris in perpetuum damus et con-
cedimus. Inspectis siquidem privilegiorum predictorum transcriptis
donationes prefatas prout eidem ecclesie a predictis regibus et a
nobis collate sunt in present! ordinamus pagina."
Even these copies, and with them many later charters were
destroyed. In 1298 Thomas the abbot stated that the monastery had
been destroyed by the English army, " celaturis ecclesiae, refectorii,
dormitorii, claustrorum, camerarum, hostiis, fenestris, altarium,
armariolis quam in cistis et scrineis . . . et ubicunque in diet
monasterio inventis confractis et serruris earum avulsis et asportatis
quod quidem factum ita horribile et enormiter perpetratum. Evi-
dentia facti sine onere alterius probationis unicuique intuenti. Ita
manifestum erat et notorium quod nulla posset tergiversatione celari
cistas in quibus tarn cartae et munimenta regum bone memorie David
Malcolmi, Willi. Alexandri et Alexandri quondam regum Scotie, etc."
(Lib. de Scon, p. 89).
(3) The style is unlike that of other charters of the early part of the
twelfth century.
Mr. Skene (Celt. Scot., 3, p. 59) said, "It was framed upon the
model of the Saxon charters." After the Conquest the phraseology of
the Saxon charters went out of fashion and was replaced by the terser
Norman style. This charter looks like the work of a scribe who had
before him a copy of a charter belonging to the earlier Saxon period.
(4) It states that the King asked Adelwald, the prior of St. Oswald's,
to send him some of his canons and that the request was granted.
Adelwald did not become prior of St. Oswald's until 1128, four years
after King Alexander died.
(5) The manner in which the king announces that he makes the
grant is abnormal. He professes to have both signed and sealed it.
282 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
The statement that he and the queen marked with their own hands
shows (I think) that this charter is the production of a later time than
1113-1124.
(6) Most of the consenters and witnesses are unknown. I think
that some of the names are the inventions of the writer of the charter.
p. 28. In nomine, etc. This is an unusual commencement to
charters of the twelfth century. Only one of those collected in this
volume, and none of the ancient English charters in Mr. Round's book,
commence with an invocation. Many old charters on the Continent
and in England in the Saxon time so commence, but in the twelfth
century it had become rare, and from that time is to be found only in
Testaments and in Instruments by notaries public.
Giry, Manuel de Diplomatique, p. 533 : " Invocation n'est pas
une formule essentielle. Tres ge*ne"rale a la fin du x. si&cle, on ren-
contre des le XI. beaucoup d'actes qui en sont de*pourvus. Elle est
depuis le XII. siecle exceptionnelle dans les actes des rois de France et
en disparait totalement sous le regne de Philippe le Bel . . . Mais
elle a persiste dans les actes des notaires apostoliques et dans les
testaments, ou la tradition s'en est conservee jusqu'a nos jours."
p. 28. Filius regis Malcolm! et reginae Margaretae . . . filia Henrici
regis Angliae. This strikes me as having been written by one who,
writing long after, desired to fix which of the Scottish kings called
Alexander was the granter. I doubt whether Sibylla, an illegitimate
child, would call herself the daughter of the King of England.
p. 29. Ecclesiam . . . dedicatam. This implies that the charter
was not granted until after the church of the monastery was completed
and dedicated. The church (it is stated) was dedicated to the Holy
Trinity, and it was granted and handed over to God, St. Mary,
St. Michael, St. John, and St. Laurence. This is an unusual multipli-
cation of saints.
p. 29. De ecclesia Sancti Osualdi ... a domino Adelualdo priore
requirere. St. Oswald's at Nostell in Yorkshire was originally a house
of poor hermits (dedicated to St. James), in which Ralph Adlave,
chaplain and confessor, settled, and where he afterwards founded
a priory in Archbishop Thurstan's time. The earliest charter to it
by Henry I. is dated loth January, 1121 (Dugdale's Monasticon,
vi., pp. 89-92 ; Allen's History of Yorkshire, III., p. 224).
p. 29. Adelualdus : second prior of St. Oswald's, 1128-1133.
p. 30. Ego Alexander . . . propria manu mea haec confirm© . . .
Ego Sibilla ... In the twelfth century the invariable method of
authenticating writs was affixing of the seal of the granter. " Until
quite modern times, no charters, even of private individuals, were
subscribed by the granters. The deed was completed by affixing
the granter's seal" (Cosmo Innes, Legal Antiquities, p. 68).
p. 30. Gregorius Episcopus. His see is not stated.
Gregory, the Bishop of Moray, was a witness to another charter
of Alexander I. and to a charter to Dunfermline (circa A.D. 1128).
Sir Archibald D unbar says that the bishopric of Moray was founded
on 2oth June, 1 107 (the day on which Turgot was elected Bishop of
St. Andrews), but there is no authority for that statement. Mr. Robert-
NOTES XXXVI. 283
son, Early Kings, I., p. 334 ; Mr. Cosmo Innes, Preface to the Registr.
Morav., p. xi ; and Mr. Skene, Celt. Scot., 2, pp. 368 and 375, accept
this ' foundation charter ' of Scon and the other charter (XLIX., ante,
p. 43) as proof that the bishopric was founded in the reign of King
Alexander ; but neither of these charters can be relied on. The Bishop
of Moray is not mentioned in the letters by the Popes enjoining
obedience to York between 1115 and 1125.
It would be rash to say positively that there was not a Bishop of
Moray before 1124, but it is permissible to say that there is no good
evidence that there was.
p. 30. Cormac Episcopus. Cormac, the bishop, is also a witness to
the charter by King Alexander to Scon (No. XLIX., ante, p. 44). Bishop
Dowden suggests that the absence of the name of his see shows that
" at the date of these charters he was a bishop without a see in one of
the monasteries of the Celtic foundation."
Cormac, Bishop of Dunkeld, is a witness to two of King David's
charters to Dunfermline, No. IV. (ante, p. 63) and No. xxix. (ante,
p. 76) ; he is named in a charter in the Book of Deer (ante, p. 78),
dated the eighth year of David's reign, i.e. 1131-32. He must have
died shortly afterwards.
Sir Archibald Dunbar says that the bishopric of Dunkeld was
founded by Alexander I. on 2Oth June, 1107, the day on which Turgot
was elected Bishop of St. Andrews, but he gives no authority.
The tradition at Dunkeld as recorded by Mylne, a canon of that
church in the fifteenth century, was that about the year 1127 King
David I. suppressed the Keledei and created a bishop and canons.
Sir James Dalrymple, Lord Hailes, and Haddan and Stubbs have
accepted Mylne as authority for the statement that David I., and not
Alexander, founded the bishopric.
Bishop Dowden's opinion of Mylne's work is that it " is worse than
useless for determining the succession of the early bishops of the see.
It is careless, confusing, and positive in tone where it ought to have
been hesitating and conjectural. It is often demonstrably wrong."
p. 30. Alexander nepos regis Alexandri. Sir James Dalrymple
(Coll., p. 376) : " I cannot certainly describe who ' Alexander nepos
regis Alexandri' is, but I take him to be a son of King Duncan,
and older than ' Willielmus films Dunecani nepos regis.' . . . He
hath been a person so much had in respect that he is ranked before
all the great men consenters to this charter. ..."
This is almost certainly a forged name.
King Alexander had no nephew called Alexander. Edgar had no
son ; Duncan's son was William ; David I. had an only son,
Henry ; Matilda, queen of Henry I., had an only son, William ;
Mary, wife of the Count of Boulogne, had an only son, who died
young.
p. 30. Beth comes. He is a witness to King Alexander's charter to
Scon, No. iv. I venture to think that this is another spurious name.
Sir James Dalrymple passes him without remark. Mr. Robertson
(Early Kings, I., p. 184) thinks that Beth is an error for Heth,
Earl of Moray, who married a daughter of Lulach, and had a son,
Angus, Earl of Moray ; but Mr. Robertson was surprised to find
284 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Heth concurring with King Alexander, because Heth was " an
inveterate opponent of the reigning family."
Skene (Celt. Scot., 3, p. 287) finds no place for an Earl Beth or
Heth among the Mormaers or Earls of Moray. Sir Archibald
Dunbar has doubts whether Earl Beth was Earl of Angus.
G. E. C., in the Complete Peerage : " Beth was possibly Earl of
Moray, though more probably Earl of Fife. He may (not impro-
bably) have acquired some right to the earldom of Moray by marriage
with a sister of Maelsnechtan, Mormaer of Moray."
In short, nothing is known of Beth comes.
p. 30. Gospatric Dolfini : the scribe omitted ' frater.' He was a
man of importance in the south of Scotland in the reign of Alexander
I., but he had no interest in the north ; and it is difficult to under-
stand why his consent should have been asked or given as to the
foundation of a priory at Scon.
p. 30. Mallus comes : probably Malise, Earl of Strathern (Sir
James Dalrymple, p. 376, ' G. E. C.' voce Strathern, and Robertson,
Early Kings, I., p. 184). Malis comes is a witness to several other
charters (ante, pp. 43, 63, 77, 85, and 102).
p. 30. Madach comes. It is assumed that he is identical with
Madeth comes in No. LXXIV., ante, p. 63; with Madoc comes
CXXVIL, ante, p. 97 ; with Maduc consul and Madd' comes, witnesses
to the two charters of Swinton (c. and Ci., ante, pp. 79, 80) ; and with
Madd' Comes, witness to CXLI., ante, p. 108.
To him Sir James Dalrymple (Coll., p. 378) allotted the earldom of
Atholl, on the authority of a passage in Torfaeus (Hist. Oread., lib. I.,
cap. 22, p. 100): "Elocata Margareta Comitis Haconis filia Maddado
Comiti de Atjoklis omnium Scotiae principum facile nobilissimo,
patrueli quippe Davidis Scotiae Regis in praesens regnantis ; sato
patre Melcolmo fratre Regis Melcolmi Davidis patris " ; and, cap.
25, p. 109 : " Sveinus Asleisis filius, Haebudis in Scotiam ad amicos
salutandos profectus, longo tempore Joclis, alias Atjoclis (alpibus seu
montanis) apud Comitem Maddadum, qui Margaretam Comitis
Haconis Pauli filiam uxorem duxit, moratus," etc.
Sir James Dalrymple and Lord Hailes (Annals, I., p. 52) are of
opinion that Torfaeus was wrong in saying that Melcolm was the
father of Maddad, Earl of Atholl, they say he was Donald Bane.
Sir Archibald Dunbar calls Maddad's father Melmare, a brother
of Donald Bane. Earl Maddad is said by Torfaeus (p. 100) to have
married Margaret, daughter of Earl Haco, G. E. C. (Complete
Peerage) and others have difficulty in holding that this lady could be
the mother of Malcolm, whom they call the second earl, and they
make Margaret, Earl Maddad's second wife.
p. 130. Rothri comes. Mr. Robertson (Early Kings, I., p. 184) does
not know what to make of this Earl ; he says he may be assigned to
Angus, Mar, or Buchan. Mr. Skene (Celt. Scot., 3, p. 291) gives
him the earldom of Mar, identifying him with " Ruadri, Mormaer of
Mar." Skene is followed by G. E. C. This is mere conjecture.
p. 30. Gartnach conies. He is supposed to be the same as Gartnait,
a donor in the Book of Deer (ante, p. 77), described (ante, p. 78) as
the son of Cainnech, and as the father of Eva, wife of the Mormaer
NOTES XXXVI. 285
of Buchan (p. 84). Garuad comes is a witness, ante, p. 181.
Mr. Skene (Celt. Scot., 3, p. 288) states that he was the Earl of
Buchan.
p. 30. Dufagan comes. Here, I think, the authorities are wrong.
Sir James Dalrymple (Collections, p. 38) and Robertson (Early Kings, I.,
p. 124) say that Dufagan was Earl of Fife, father of Earl Constantine,
but Constantine was Earl before the accession of King Alexander.
I venture to think that Dufagan is a forged name.
p. 30. Willelmus frater Reginae. It is unlikely that the William
here mentioned was the legitimate son of Henry I., who was
drowned at the age of eighteen, in the year 1120. It is possible that
he was William, an illegitimate son of Henry I., who died in 1135 ; but
illegitimate children by different mothers are not usually styled
brother and sister. There is no evidence that that William was ever
in Scotland. William ' frater Reginae ' was a witness to Charter XLIX.
(ante, p. 44), which, if genuine, was granted more than two years
after the queen's death. I regard the name of this witness as an
invention of the writer.
p. 30. Edwardus Constabularius was a witness to several of King
David's charters. Many of our later writers, E. W. Robertson,
Skene, and Dunbar, on the authority of Ordericus Vitalis, state that he
was the successful general who in 1130 won the battle of Stracathro,
and defeated Angus, Earl of Murray. Orderic stated that Edward
was the name of the leader of King David's forces, and that he was
the son of Siward, Earl of Mercia, and a cousin of David I.
(Ordericus Vitalis, B. VIII., c. XXII., as translated in Skene, Celt.
Scot, i., p. 461.)
Shortly after the Norman Conquest a Siward Beorn was a pro-
minent man in the north of England, who accompanied Edgar
Atheling and his sisters to Scotland in 1068.
Mr. Robertson (Early Kings, I., p. 189) says that that Siward
Beorn was the father of Edward the Constable (but I have
not discovered the authority on which he relied). M. Prevost,
the learned editor of Ordericus Vitalis (Vol. in., p. 403), expresses
dissent from the opinion of M. Stapleton regarding the parentage
of Edward the Constable, and when these authorities differ it is
probable that the difficulty is considerable. The conjecture that
Edward the Constable of this charter is the same as Edward son
of Siward, who many years after King Alexander's death witnessed
the Foundation Charter of Dunfermline, is very unlikely ; Edward,
son of Siward, appears low down in the list of witnesses, and was
probably not a man of high rank.
Lord Hailes (i., p. 76) said of Ordericus : " He is an historian so ill
informed, especially with respect to the affairs of Scotland, that I dare
not rely on this evidence. Of ... Edward, ' the son of Earl Siward,'
I know nothing."
p. 30. Gospatricius son of Walthef is a witness to a doubtful
charter to Scon (No. iv., p. 44), and to the charter cxxi. (p. 93).
Waltheof son of Earl Gospatric, and brother of Dolfin, had an illegiti-
mate son called Gospatric, to whom (2 Bain, p. 16) his brother
Alan gave lands in Cumberland.
286 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Sir James Dalrymple (Coll., p. 381), with good sense, said,
" It is uncertain who this witness was, the names of Walthef and
Gospatric being so frequent in these times."
p. 30. Forn appears as an assenter, " assensum prebeo " ; he poses
as a man of rank and influence.
Although I am of the opinion that this Foundation Charter is
spurious, I do not doubt that Alexander I. founded a monastery at
Scon, and granted charters to it, the substance of which is preserved
in the Bull of Pope Alexander III., issued in December, 1164 (Liber
de Scon, p. 13, No. 18) and in the charter by King Malcolm IV. in
the eleventh year of his reign, 1163-1164 (Lib. de Scon, p. 5, No. 5).
Scon was the seat of the kings of Scotland, and probably from an
early time there was a church there. In the Chron. de Mailros, p. 65,
under date 1115, it is recorded, in a hand later than the context :
"Canonicis tradita est ecclesia de Scon." Fordun, v., 28, says of
Alexander I. : " Ditaverit . . . ecclesiam Sconensem ... in honore.
Sanctae Trinitatis et Sancti Michaelis Archangeli in superiore sede
regni Scona. . . . Ipse est itaque, qui tot et tanta privilegia praestitit
ecclesiae predictae Sanctae Trinitatis de Scona quam fundatam
aedificavit loco, quo reges antiquitus tam Scoti quam Picti sedem
regni primam constituerunt, dedicari fecit, ad cujus dedicationem,
praecepto regis urgente, totum pene regnum concurreret. . . . Ipsam
quidem ecclesiam, Deo disponente, cum pertinentiis omnibus,
canonicis regularibus, ab ecclesia Sancti Oswaldi de Nostle vocatis et
ceteris post eos usque finem seculi Deo servituris libere tradidit
gubernandam."
Wyntoun, vii., v., line. 658, says that the king founded Scon soon
after the defeat of the northern rebels. A chronicle of the Scots,
written between 1482-1500 (Chron. P. and S., p. 38) : "And he in the
sewynt yere of his rigne foundit Scon ye abbey," i.e. 1114-1115.
This is probable, but the monks to whom Scon was given, cannot
have been brought from St. Oswald's at Nostell so early as 1115
because St. Oswald's was not then a house of canons regular.
This charter and the Bull of Pope Alexander and the charter of
King Malcolm agree in the names of the lands granted by King
Alexander to the Priory.
It is curious that Scon itself, the land on which the church and the
monastery were built, is not mentioned.
p. 29. Infervus was afterwards called Innerbos ; it was a land in the
parish of Scon which remained in the possession of the monks until
the Reformation, when it passed first to Lord Ruthven, and afterwards
was feued out in eighteen shares, of which a family of Blair got the
greater portion ; the eighteen shares probably represented the eighteen
remaining monks of the abbey.
p. 29. Benchorin is Banchrie, in the parish of Bendochy. The Abbey
of Cupar had the church and lands in Bendachty. In 1225 there
was a settlement of a dispute by which the Abbey of Cupar took a
lease from the Abbey of Scon of the tithes of Benchory, Kinslatin, and
Crochin, and they agreed as to the boundaries of these lands and of
Kinnochtrie and Fotherins (Lib. de Scon, p. 52). At the Reformation
NOTES XXXVI. 287
Benchory was divided, and the Halyburtons of Pitcur, the Mercers of
Melginch, Robertson of Hill of Cowie, Dickson, glove-maker in
Perth, and Chalmers got portions.
p. 29. Fotheros, Kynochtred, are probably Foderance, Kinnochtrie.
Fingask afterwards belonged to the Dundas family.
p. 29. Dufrothni, said to be Duffertyn, appears in the charter by
Malcolm IV., and in the Bull by Pope Alexander, but I have not
traced it as being in the possession of the abbey afterwards.
p. 29. Cleon was a grange belonging to the canons ; they got a
charter from Alexander II. to make Cleon a warren, and free forest.
At a visitation in 1315 the bishop recommended the abbot to see to
the cultivation of the grange of Cleon. (Lib. de Scon, p. 138.)
p. 29. Liff is a parish in Forfarshire. It continued to be the
property of the abbey till the Reformation.
p. 29. Grudin may be Gurdie.
p. 29. Invergourin is Invergowrie in Forfarshire. It is said to have
been given to Alexander I. by his uncle. Wyntoun, Bk., VIL, 5, line
624:
"In Invergowry a sesowne
Wyth an honest court he bade,
For thare a maner-plas he hade,
And all the land by and by
Wes hys demyd than halyly."
There are in all 33 ploughgates of land granted ; and if each was of
the usual size, 104 acres, the Priory got from King Alexander a large
estate of 3600 acres. Of course these were not all in demesne ; the
monks received only a fixed rent and services from permanent owners.
In the reign of Malcolm IV. it was arranged that each ploughgate
should pay one cow, two pigs, four bags (clavini) of meal, ten thraves
of straw, ten hens, 200 eggs, ten handfuls of candles, four ' mumae ' of
soap, and 20^ melae of cheese.
p. 29. Quinque mansiones domuum. ' Mansiones ' is here used in a
different sense from that of the mansiones of Coldingham. King
Malcolm and the Pope call them tofts. It may be inferred that in
the reign of Alexander I. Edinburgh, Stirling, Inverkeithing, Perth,
and Aberdeen were burghs in which the king held a great part of
the land.
p. 29. Communionem aquae de Thei ut in ea possint piscari sicut ad
opus regis. The writer of the charter perhaps tried to enlarge the
abbey's rights. If we can trust the charter of Malcolm IV. and the
Bull of the Pope, King Alexander granted, not an equal right with the
Crown in all the fishings of the Tay, but only two nets, the one at
Kincarrekin and the other at the King's Inch. This charter omits
what the charter of Malcolm and the Pope's Bull include, viz., ' a net
in the Forth at Stirling.'
p. 30. Omnes pelles arietinas et agninas . . . Lambremor. This is
so differently expressed from the charter of Malcolm IV. and the
Papal Bull that they cannot have been copied from the same original.
The Bull probably most accurately represents what Alexander gave.
288 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
p. 30. A northo de Lambremor. This slip on the part of the writer
stamps this part of the charter as the production of at least two
centuries after King Alexander died.
XXXVII.
Eadmer's Historia Nov. Angliae, Lib. V., Selden's edition, p. 130;
Rolls' edition, p. 279 ; 2 Concil., p. 196.
The Archbishop of Canterbury had been abroad since the autumn
of 1116. He returned on 4 January, 1120, and King Alexander at
once sent this letter by the hands of " quidam honorati et strenui viri
scilicet monachus et prior ecclesiae Dunifermelinae, Petrus nomine,
clerici duo et unus miles."
The king congratulates the archbishop on his return, and, reminding
him that the church of St. Andrews had long been destitute of pastoral
care, he begs that the archbishop will allow Eadmer, a monk whom
many had praised, to be enthroned as bishop. The king fears lest he
has grievously offended the Pope by allowing the bishopric of St.
Andrews to remain so long vacant. He relies on the archbishop's
advice, reminding him of their old friendship, and that he had been
spiritually adopted by the archbishop as his son.
Fordun says that Eadmer was elected to St. Andrews in 1117,
but that is a mistake. Haddan and Stubbs (2 Concil., 197) suggest
that negotiations may have been going on between 1115 and 1120,
although Eadmer says : " Nee per se nee per quemlibet hominum
unquam de ipso negotio aliquo modo apud quemquam egisse."
On receiving this letter from King Alexander the archbishop wrote
to King Henry I., requesting that permission be given to Eadmer to
go to Scotland and be consecrated Bishop of St. Andrews (ed. Selden,
p. 131 ; W., i., 394, 395 ; 2 Concil., 197). The king assented (2 Con-
cil., p. 198): " Volo et concede, ut monachum ilium, unde Rex Scotiae
te requisivit, liberum ei concedas ad consuetudinem terrae suae in
Episcopatu S. Andreae." Whereupon Eadmer was sent, taking with
him letter No. xxxvm. by the Archbishop to King Alexander.
XXXVIII.
Eadmer, Hist. Nov., Rolls' edition, p. 281 ; 2 Concil., p. 198.
" Eadmer is sent according to your request ; send him back as soon as
possible to be consecrated."
NOTES XXXVI.-XXXVIII. 289
Eadmer described his reception and election : " Veniens itaque
frater ipse in Scotiam, mox tertio die adventus sui, illo qui fuit dies
festivitatis gloriosissimorum Apostolorum Petri et Pauli, suscepit,
eligente eum clero et populo terrae, et concedente Rege, pontificatum
Sancti Andreae Apostoli Chenrimuntensis. Quae res ita disponente
Deo acta est, ut nee virga pastorali vel anulo a Rege investitus
fuerit, nee hominium ei fecerit. Laetus itaque dies habitus est, atque
in laudem Dei alacriter expensus. In crastino autem Rex, cum electo
de consecratione illius secretius agens, et modis omnibus eum a
pontifice Eboracensi consecrari exhorrens, ubi, eo docente, accepit
auctoritatem ecclesiae Cantuariensis ex antiquo toti Brittaniae prae-
minere, et iccirco ipso disponente, se Cantuariae episcopalem bene-
dictionem velle requirere, conturbatus animo surgens discessit ab eo.
Nolebat enim ecclesiam Cantuariensem anteferri Ecclesiae S. Andreae
de Scotia. Vocans itaque Willelmum monachum Sancti Edmundi,
qui post Thurgodum eidem episcopatui praepositus, pene ilium evacua-
verat, praecepit ut more solito in episcopatu se haberet, exspoliato
noviter investito. Expleto autem post haec mense integro, et his
quae supererant jam terris episcopatus funditus evacuatis, pro voto
principum regni Rex Alexander ipsum electum convenit, vixque ab eo
obtinuit ut quia super inimicos suos exercitum ducere disponebat,
virgam pastoralem de super altare, quasi de manu Domini, susciperet,
ut ita in toto regno curae animarum omnium pro posse deinceps
intenderet. Post haec ad ecclesiam S. Andreae venit, et occurrente
ei Regina, susceptus a scholasticis et plebe, pontificis loco successit."
Eadmer remained in Scotland for some months. Thurstan, Arch-
bishop of York, induced Henry I. to order Ralph, Archbishop of
Canterbury, not to consecrate Eadmer, and King Henry wrote three
letters to King Alexander to the same effect (2 Concil., p. 200), which
have not been preserved.
Eadmer said that he desired to go to Canterbury for consecration,
but King Alexander insisted that he (Eadmer) was " penitus absolutum
ab ecclesia Cantuariensi . . . se que in vita sua consensum non
praebiturum ut episcopus Scotiae subderetur pontifici Cantuariorum."
Eadmer consulted John, Bishop of Glasgow, and two Canterbury
monks of his own company, who advised him that he must either adopt
the ' usus Scottorum ' or resign, and that, if he chose the latter course,
he must return the ring which he had received from the king and the
pastoral staff which he had taken from the altar.
Eadmer returned the ring to the king and the staff to the altar; he
declared that he resigned the bishopric, " quia vis mihi infertur
adquiesco ut eum tempore Alexandri Regis non reclamem nisi
pontifex et conventus (Cantuariorum) Rex Anglorum aliud mihi
T
290 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
super his consilium dederint," and returned to Canterbury. The king's
account of what happened is given in xxxix.
p. 33. Valete. The letter in the Rolls' edition ends : "Omnipotens
Deus vos et conjugem vestram custodial et ab omni malo defendat,
Amen."
XXXIX.
Selden's edition of Eadmer's Hist. Nov., v., p. 134 ; Rolls' edition,
p. 286 ; Warton, I., 395, 396 ; and 2 Concil., p. 200.
This was written in 1120. King Alexander informs the Archbishop
of Canterbury that Eadmer would not comply with the customs of the
Scots, that he insisted on resigning the see, and had returned to
England.
p. 33. Consuetudinibus . . . hominum. The King does not state
what were the customs with which Eadmer would not comply.
Eadmer himself afterwards said that one difficulty was, that he desired
to be consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury, whereas the
King of Scotland said that he must be consecrated in Scotland by
Scottish bishops, while the Pope ordered that he should be conse-
crated by the Archbishop of York as Metropolitan. Another difficulty
stated by Eadmer was that he had been deprived of property belong-
ing to the see, and that the King's friends virtually forced him to
resign.
p. 33. In praesentia quorundam episcoporum. The King states that
the formal resignation had been made at a Council attended by
several bishops and earls and " probi homines " of the country, that
they took part in the proceedings, and that the King acted on their
advice. The archbishop, after hearing Eadmer, wrote to Alexander
the letter No. XL.
XL.
Selden's edition, Eadmer, Hist. Nov., Lib. v., p. 134 ; Rolls' edition,
p. 287 ; 2 Concil., 201.
" Your letter (No. xxxix.) and Eadmer's statements do not agree.
We will discuss the matter when you come to England.
The archbishop does not express doubt as to the legality of
Eadmer's resignation of the bishopric. Afterwards in the same
year (1120) Eadmer was advised, probably by Nicolas, Prior of
Worcester (2 Concil., 202), to be consecrated by the Pope. " Dissolve
litigium de te Cantiae et Eboracae, principumque Angliae Scotiae-
que : et favore Regis Scottorum Apostolicum sacrandus expete."
NOTES XXXVIII.-XLII. 291
XLI.
Selden's edition (pp. 139, 140) of Eadmer, Hist. Nov., vi. ; Rolls'
edition, p. 299 ; W., I., 404, 405 ; 2 Concil., 206.
Eadmer wrote this letter to the king about a year and a half after
his return to Canterbury, but before igth September, 1122, when
Archbishop Ralph died. He thanks King Alexander for his kindness
to him from the time the king chose him to be bishop. If they
could meet, he would tell the king in secret what he had learnt since
he resigned the bishopric. He assures the king of his loyalty to him,
and of his zeal for the honour of the country. He says that those
who have heard " qualiter electus, susceptus, et pontificatu saisitus et
loco pontificis substititus fui," assure him that he cannot resign the
bishopric, nor can any be substituted for him so long as he lives.
He ascribes his former resignation to the "perpes discordia"
and "interminabiles inimicitiae" shown to him on the king's side by
those "quos vobis familiares esse sciebam" and also to the king
having twice illegally deprived him of property belonging to the see.
But Eadmer says that he desires to return to St. Andrews. He will
do so with loyalty to the king and to the see, and he will make con-
cessions with regard to the King of England, to the Archbishop
of Canterbury, and to consecration. As he cannot explain himself
fully in a letter, he desires exceedingly to speak to the king in private.
At the same time Archbishop Ralph wrote to King Alexander letter
No. XLII.
P- 37- Qua me bis rebus. The Rolls' edition has " his rebus."
XLII.
Selden's edition (p. 140) Eadmer, Hist. Nov., vi. ; Rolls' edition,
p. 301 ; W., i., 405 ; 2 Concil., 208.
Written in 1122, before the Archbishop had heard of the death of
Queen Sybilla, who died on I2th June of that year. The archbishop
recommends the king to invite Eadmer to return to St. Andrews, the
king had canonically elected him to be bishop, he had been sent to
Scotland, he was wedded to his see and could not be divorced, so
long as he lived he must be Bishop of St. Andrews.
p. 39. Domina regina uxore vestra. She was Sibylla, an illegiti-
mate daughter of King Henry I. of England.
It does not appear that King Alexander replied to these letters
from Eadmer and the Archbishop. The controversy was soon to be
closed by death. The Archbishop died I9th September, 1122;
Eadmer died I3th January, 1123; and the King 23rd April, 1124.
292 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
XLIII.
Reg. Alb. Ebor., P. I., fol. 51, and in., fol. 57 ; Warton, I., 481 ;
Dugdale, Monast., vi., pp. 1187, 1188 ; 2 Concil, p. 205.
This, and the next two letters from the Pope, refer to the question
whether the Scottish Bishops were suffragans of the Archbishop of
York. The claim of York had been denied.
On 20 Nov., 1119, Pope Calixtus II. wrote to the Scottish Bishops a
letter preserved in Reg. Alb. Ebor., I., 50 b (printed 2 Concil., p. 192),
commanding them to render canonical obedience to the Archbishop
of York, and on the same day the Pope addressed a letter to the
Bishops of Durham, the Orkneys, and Glasgow, ordering them to
obey the Archbishop of York as their metropolitan. (Reg. Alb.
Ebor., P. I., fol. 51. Printed in Dugdale's Monast, vi., 1187, and
2 Concil., p. 192.)
From the terms of that letter it seems that the Bishops of Glasgow
and of the Orkneys were then the only Bishops in Scotland.
In 1119 Ralph, Archbishop of Canterbury, wrote to the Pope assert-
ing that the Bishops of Scotland were subject to Canterbury. (The
latter is printed in 2 Concil., p. 193, from W., I., 398, 399, 400, 402,
from MS. Cott. Domitian A. V. 2 ; Twysden, 1735-1748.)
On 15 January, 1122, Pope Calixtus wrote this letter (No. XLIII.) to
King Alexander I., complaining that he had received no answer to his
previous letters, and commanding him to refuse to permit his Bishops
to be consecrated unless by license from the metropolitan, the Arch-
bishop of York. On the same day Pope Calixtus wrote : " Dilectis in
Christo fratribus universis per Scotiam episcopis Ebor. ecclesiae
suffraganeis" (Reg. Alb. Ebor., I., 51 b, MS. Cott. Cleop. C., iv.; W.,
I., 481 ; 2 Concil., p. 205), ordering them to render reverence and
obedience to the Archbishop of York.
XLIV.
Reg. Alb. Ebor., P. I., fol. 51 ; Dugdale, vi., p. 1188 ; 2 Concil., p. 20.
This letter to John, Bishop of Glasgow, is dated on the same day
as No. XLIII. to the King: "At the request of the Church of York
you were consecrated bishop by our predecessor, Pope Paschal. You
ought to have humbly acknowledged this, but you were puffed (so we
have heard) with such pride that you would neither profess to your
metropolitan, the Archbishop of York, nor obey our order. Know that
NOTES XLIII.-XLVI. 293
we can endure no longer the pertinacious continuance of this con-
tempt. We repeat the order. Be not an ungrateful son ; profess
obedience to our venerable brother, Thurstan, your metropolitan. We
confirm the sentence which he has justly pronounced against you."
XLV.
Cott. MSS. Claud. B. in., fol. 131 a; -Reg. Alb. Ebor., P. I., fol. 51,
and P. ill., fol. 57 ; Dugdale, VI., 1187 (bis) ; 2 Concil., p. 22.
Bishop John disregarded the command of the Pope, conveyed to
him by the letter XLIV., and on 26th August, 1122, the Pope wrote this
letter, XLV., " Obey the Archbishop of York within 30 days." Bishop
John still refused to obey, having been suspended, he left his diocese
and went to Rome. (Simeon of Durham, Hist. Reg. Angl., ann.
1 1 22 ; Twysden, 245.)
XLVI.
In the Register of the Bishopric of Glasgow, Maitland Club edition,
p. 8, No. 2.
This was granted towards the end of King Alexander's reign,
probably after the return of Bishop John from Jerusalem in 1123. It is
a grant by Earl David of a hundred shillings annually from the rents of
Hardingestrorna for the building and restoration of the church of
Glasgow.
p. 41. David Comes : Earl of Northampton, jure uxoris.
p. 42. Hardingestrorna, now called Hardingstone St. Edmund, a
parish 2^ miles from the town of Northampton, within David's earl-
dom. The Earl had lands in demesne in Hardingestrorna, and from
the rents of these he ordered this payment of loos. He had granted
several acres there " in dominio " to the Abbey of Selkirk (ante, p. 27).
p. 42. Ecclesia. This was the church which was consecrated in
1 136, of which no part now remains.
p. 42. Testibus : Robert, son of Nigel, occurs also on p. 58, possibly
he is the same as Robert son of Ingell on p. 47 ; Roger son of Nigel
is mentioned on p. 51.
p. 42. Hugo Bret, variously spelt le Bret and Britton, was a witness
also to charters, pp. 55, 69, 73, 85, 86, 92, 96, 101, 108, and 110.
p. 42. Walter son of Winemarus. He was of a Northamptonshire
family. His name occurs as a witness, ante, p. 47.
294 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
XLVII.
In the recent Chartulary of Scon, printed in the Liber de Scon,
Maitland Club edition, p. 3, No. 2.
I am not sure that this is genuine, it is not engrossed in the older
Chartulary.
King Alexander grants to the Church of the Holy Trinity at
Scon, the island of Loch Tay in honour of God, of the Virgin,
and of All Saints, in order that a church may be built there for
the King and for the soul of the late Queen Sibylla, the King-
intends to increase the gift, so that the place may be more worthy of
the service of God.
This gift was confirmed by Malcolm IV., by Pope Alexander III.,
A.D. 1164, and by Pope Honorius III., A.D. 1226. These confirmations
do not mention the name of Queen Sibylla, the island of Loch
Tay is not referred to in the Liber de Scon later than 1226.
p. 42. Queen Sibylla. Wyntoun says she was the daughter of
William the Conqueror, but that is an error. She was an illegitimate
daughter of Henry I. of England. Simeon of Durham, Hist. Reg.
Angl. : "Sybilla regina Scottorum filia Henrici regis." Ordericus Vitalis :
" Filia Henrici Regis Anglorum." (Prevost's edition, Vol. ill., p. 400.)
This was doubted by Freeman (Norman Conquest, v., p. 848),
because Sibylla's name is not in the list of King Henry's thirteen
illegitimate children given by Robert de Monte (VIIL, 29), the
continuator of the history of William of Jumieges.
There is no record of the marriage of King Alexander and Sibylla,
the date is not known. It may have been unattended with state
ceremony or recognition. Ordericus Vitalis says (Vol. ill., p. 400) : " Ex
concubina uxorem duxit."
Hailes' Annals, I., p. 71, quotes William of Malmesbury (v., 400) :
" Alexandrum, Henricus affinitate detinuit, data ei in conjugem filia
notha, de qua ille viva nee sobolem, quod sciam, tulit, nee ante se
mortuam multum suspiravit, defuerat enim feminae, ut fertur, quod
desideraretur vel in morum modestia vel in corporis elegantia."
She granted to the Abbey of Dunfermline ' Beeth,' a valuable
property in Fifeshire, which remained in the possession of the abbey
till the Reformation. Simeon of Durham says that she died suddenly,
and this charter states that she died on the island of Loch Tay ;
possibly she was drowned. The date of her death was 12 June, 1122.
She had no children.
p. 42. Insula de Lochtei. Near the eastern end of Loch Tay, 200
yards from the north shore, is a small wooded island about 400 yards
in circumference, on which are some ruins, ut ecclesia Dei, etc. In
the account of the religious houses in Scotland Keith says : " Loch
Tay . . . was a cell or priory belonging to Scone, founded by King
Alexander in the year 1122. . . . The most part of the buildings
of this monastery are still extant."
NOTES XLVII.-XLVIII. 295
I doubt whether either of these statements be correct. King
Alexander did not make the "aliud augmentum unde locus in
Dei obsequium exaltetur," nor (as far as I know) is there any
contemporary record of a priory on the island. Still the story
that a priory was built has been generally accepted.
Sir Walter Scott, in "The Fair Maid of Perth," described the burial
of the Chief of Clan Quhele on the island in 1398. "The
building rose into the towers and pinnacles of a priory where
slumbered the remains of Sibilla, daughter of Henry I. of England,
and consort of Alexander I. of Scotland." He added in a note :
" The priory of Loch Tay was founded by Alexander I. and the
care of it committed to the small body of monks ; but the last
residents on it were three nuns, who, when they did emerge into
society, seemed determined to enjoy it in its most complicated and
noisy state, for they came out only once a year, and that to a market
at Kenmore, hence that fair is still called Fiell na m'han maomb or
Holy woman's market."
Hume Brown, I., p. 70, speaks of " an Augustinian priory on an
island of Loch Tay." These statements are supported by the retour
of James, Earl of Annandale, 18 May, 1642, in which is included
" terras, castra etc. ad temporalitatem, patrimonium et proprietatem
prioratus de Loch Tay ab antiquo pertinentia."
As early as the middle of the fifteenth century the island was
the residence of the Campbells of Glenurchy ; the first laird built the
enclosing walls (M'Gibbon and Ross, V., p. 556), and Sir Duncan
Campbell, the second laird, who fell at Flodden, 1513, "biggit the
great hall, chapel and chambers of the Isle of Loch Tay" (Black Book
of Tay mouth). In 1646 an act of Parliament was passed giving
warrant for maintaining a garrison of 40 men kept on the island
of Loch Tay for 14 months by Campbell of Glenurchy ; the island was
then one of the places of retreat of the Marquis of Argyll's regiment.
p. 42. Herbert the chancellor. This is the earliest mention of a
chancellor in Scotland. It is stated in many books that Herbert the
chancellor and Herbert the abbot of Kelso were the same persons, but
that is incorrect. Herbert the abbot and Herbert the chancellor were
different men ; they were witnesses together in King David's charter of
Govan to Glasgow (ante, No. civ., p. 82). Herbert was chancellor until
his death about 1135, while Herbert the abbot became Bishop of
Glasgow in 1147.
XLVIII.
From the recent Chartulary of Scon. Maitland Club edition, p. 3,
No. 3.
King Alexander, addressing all the merchants of England, announces
that he has granted in alms to the priory of the church of the Holy
Trinity at Scon the can and customs of a ship, and he orders that all
merchants dwelling beyond Scotland who desire to bring that ship with
its cargo up to Scon shall have the peace of God and of the king
296 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
in coming and going, and that they shall be liable in customs to
no one except to the Prior and the brethren.
If this charter be genuine, it was granted during the last four
months of King Alexander's life, after the election of Bishop Robert
and before the king's death in May, 1124, but I doubt whether it was
granted by King Alexander I. It is in substance identical with a
charter by William the Lion, of which the original is preserved,
and which is recorded in the older Chartulary (Liber de Scon, p. 21,
No. 29). However, there is evidence that King Alexander I. did grant
a similar privilege. Pope Alexander III. reciting King Alexander's
grant says that it gave " canum et consuetudines unius navis singulis
annis," and in the Bull of Honorius III. (Liber de Scon, p. 67) the
words are "Canum et consuetudines unius navis in burgo de Perth."
p. 43. Can et consuetudines unius navis. The king had right to exact
payment or custom from trading ships, and this is a renunciation
as regards one ship consigned to the priory of Scon.
The word ' can ' was used not only for a duty on land produce,
but also for duties on ship-borne merchandise.
David I. granted to the Priory of Dunfermline the can of one ship
"ubicunque in regno meo applicuerit" (Reg. Dunf., No. i., p. 4), and
"omnes rectitudines de omnibus navibus quae in portu de Inveresc
applicuverint " (p. n, No. Kill.), by charter (No. xiy., p. 12) he
declared the ship of the Abbot of Dunfermline and all its cargo free
" de omni consuetudine mihi pertinenti." To the canons of Cambus-
kenneth King David granted the can of one ship (Bull of Pope
Eugenius, No. CLXXX.), which Malcolm IV. commuted for an annual
payment of fifty shillings. King David granted loos, per annum to
Holyrood from the can levied on ships trading to Perth.
By charter No. cxvi., ante, p. 89, King David granted to the
Church and Bishop of Aberdeen a tithe of the can of ships going
to Aberdeen. The same king granted to the Priory of St. Andrews
405. from his can of the ships at Perth (CLXIIL, ante, p. 128, and
No. CCL., p. 201).
The amount of the can varied. In a fragment (i vol. of the Acts of
Parliament, p. 725) it is said: "Thar is aucht for a last of wol
for canage xviij pennies, qwhar it aucht to be gyfyn as at Berwyk on
Twede. And thar is aucht for the canage of a last of hydys xij
pennies, of last of crouf j pennies." This is in the "law and custume
of schippis," in the Bute MSS., which (Preface, p. 181, vn.) may be
ascribed to the reign of Robert II. By that time the exaction of a part
of a ship's cargo had been converted into money payments. In the
earlier days of Kings Alexander I. and David, delivery in kind was
exacted.
p. 43. Ascendere atque in Sconam venire voluerint. Robertson
(Early Kings, I., p. 443) said that Scon "was probably the port to which
foreign traders brought their wares in the days of Malcolm and
Margaret," but then, as now, the river Tay can have been navigable
above Perth only by very small boats.
NOTES XLVIII.-XLIX. 297
p. 43. Robert, bishop elect. Eadmer died on 13 January, 1123.
King Alexander died on 23rd April, 1124. Simeon of Durham, Hist.
Reg. Angl. ann. 1124 and Chronica de Melros, p. 68: " Ipso
autem anno Alexander, quatuor ante suam mortem mensibus in
episcopatum ecclesiae Sancti Andreae quae in Scotia est fecit elegi
Rodbertum Priorem Canonicorum Regularium apud Sconam." Allow-
ing a few days for the news of Eadmer's death at Canterbury to
reach the king, barely three months elapsed between Eadmer's
death and the King's. Keith (p. 6) says that Robert, Prior of
Scon, was an Englishman who had been a canon of St. Oswald's at
Nostell. I do not know that he had any authority for that statement.
Robert was consecrated in 1127 by Thurstan, Archbishop of York,
"sine professione salva utriusque ecclesiae dignitate." He liberally
endowed the priory of St. Andrews and assisted to found the burgh.
He granted charters to the monasteries of Holyrood (ante, pp. 67, 74,
165), of Dunfermline (ante, pp. 184, 205), of Kelso (ante, pp. 68, 148),
of Coldingham (pp. 59, 173, 174), of Dryburgh (pp. 172, 195), and
to the bishopric of Glasgow (p. 185).
Three nephews of his are mentioned in the charters : Radulf, Roger,
miles, and John. He had a dapifer, a chamberlain, and many
chaplains. He was often with King David and witnessed charters at
Dunfermline, Scon, Stirling, Haddington, Perth, Chinros, and Berwick.
He seems to have been a reasonable, liberal, hard-working man,
"bonae memoriae," said the chronicles of Holyrood and Melrose. He
died in 1159, after an episcopate of 35 years.
XLIX.
In the recent Chartulary of Scon : Maitland Club edition, p. 4,
No. 4. I am not sure that this is a genuine charter, if genuine it
was granted between January, 1123, and April, 1124 ; I suspect that it
is really a charter by King Malcolm IV., who gave to the priory
of Scon (Liber de Scon, No. 9, p. 9) the right "curiam suam
habendam in duello in ferro in aqua cum omnibus libertatibus
ad curiam religiosorum juste pertinentibus cum libertate nulli
respondendi extra curiam suam propriam," and in the charter
confirming King Alexander's foundation " curia cum duello ferro
et aqua cum omnibus libertatibus aliis ad curiam pertinentibus cum
libertate nemini respondendi extra curiam suam." King William
the Lion (Scon, p. 22, No. 31) confirmed the jurisdiction, "sicut
carta Regis Malcolmi fratris mei testatur." Pope Alexander III.
makes no mention of this when confirming the grants of King
Alexander I.
In a charter of the reign of William the Lion mention is made of the
island " qua solet fieri duellum de Scon " (Lib. de Scon, p. 36, No. 56).
The recognition of the right of religious houses to order or to
permit judicial combat is not common in Scottish chartularies.
298 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
It is conferred by the great charter to Holyrood. "Examen duellii
aquae et ferri calidi quantum ad ecclesiasticam dignitatem pertinet"
(Holyrood Charters, p. 3, No. I.).
This charter seems to me to mean that the Priors' court of Scon was
to have the same rights as the higher secular courts. There are so
few records of the early proceedings of courts in Scotland that it is
difficult to say to what extent the wager of battle was practised.
Among the ancient Irish the battle ordeal undoubtedly existed (Lea,
Superstition and Force, p. 92), but Mr. Skene makes no allusion to it
in his exhaustive History of Celtic Scotland, so I conclude that he
found no reference to the subject in the Celtic records.
The duellum was unknown to the Anglo-Saxons (Pollock and
Maitland, History of English Law, Vol. I., p. 28). Lea (p. 96) says :
"Judicial combat is not referred to in any of the Anglo-Saxon or
Anglo-Danish codes. There seems, indeed, no reason to doubt that
its introduction into English jurisprudence only dates from the time of
William the Conqueror."
An Abbots' court had jurisdiction in all disputes between occupiers
of the church lands. In civil cases relating, say, to the ownership
or possession of land, or to debt or contract, if the amount were
sufficient and where evidence was not procurable, each of the parties
had right to challenge the other to the duellum, and either (if physi-
cally weak) could appear by a champion.
It is probable that the judge had the power of deciding whether
the wager of battle should be permitted, and perhaps this grant and
the ' examen duellii ' of Holyrood meant that the Abbots' court had
jurisdiction to allow or to refuse it.
But while it is uncertain to what extent battle was practised in the
courts of Scotland, there is enough, both in record and in legislation,
to show that it was not infrequent.
It appears from some ancient Scottish laws that it was the duty of
the court in certain criminal cases to allow the accused an option
between trial by combat and trial by compurgation. By Ass. Dav. I.,
c. 2, it was provided that a man accused of theft was to have the
option of battle or of compurgation by twelve leal men : " Any one
denying an accusation of theft has the choice of assize or battle ;
if he choose battle he must find pledges to the complainer, and if
he has no pledges he must submit to an assize" (Ouon. Att., c. 8,
I., 649).
I doubt whether the ordinary thief or murderer was listened to
if he demanded a duellum, although in theory he had the right
to claim it. I suppose the judge had a discretion to allow or to
refuse it.
NOTES XLIX.-L. 299
p. 43. In ferro was the ordeal of treading on or of holding a red-hot
iron (Lea, Superstition and Force, p. 230, et seq.\ Fossa was the
ordeal or 'judicium aquae frigidae.5 The accused was lowered into
water ; if he sank he was innocent ; if he did not sink he was guilty,
the basis of the ordeal being the belief that pure water could
not receive a perjurer. The right here conferred was the right of
ordering an accused person to undergo the ordeal in connection
with causes coming before the Priors' court ; it was different from
the fossa et furca (power of life and death) possessed in later
times by baronial courts. The ordeals of ferrum and fossa were
abolished by the statute of Alexander II., 1230, c. 6 (Acts of Parl. of
Scot., vol. i., p. 400).
p. 44. Testibus. All the witnesses here except Robert, Bishop elect
of St. Andrews, and Herbert, the chancellor, are mentioned in the
note to the Foundation Charter of Scone, xxxvi.
L.
The Registrum Vetus of the Bishopric of Glasgow is " an octavo
volume of vellum. . . . The ancient part of the register consists of
67 leaves, the early portion of which is written in a hand of the
twelfth, and no part of it much later in date than the middle of the
thirteenth century" (Pref. Reg. Epis. Glas., pp. x and xi).
This notitia is on the 2ist folio. It is followed by a charter of date
probably A.D. 1152. On the 67th folio are several charters dated
circa A.D. 1250 ; thus this document is in a volume compiled 150 years
after the reign of Alexander I.
As an introduction to the Registrum the compiler gives a short
history of the see of Glasgow from the time of St. Kentigern
until the return of Bishop John from Jerusalem, and at the end
of his narrative, he gives an account of an Inquisitio ordered by
Earl David as to the lands which of old had belonged to the church of
Glasgow, in each of the provinces of Cumbria.
The editor of the Maitland Club edition gave the introductory
history a title which the writer gave to the latter part only. This
transposition of the title appears to me to ascribe to the notitia as
a whole, a meaning which does not truly belong to it.
The writer did not quote the actual words of the Inquisitio. If he
had the record before him, he gave only a somewhat careless summary
of its contents. He added a list of witnesses, "Hujus rei . . .
audientes et videntes," which it is probable he himself made, introduc-
ing the names of the leading personages who were associated with
David when Earl. There was no grant made nor act done by the
Earl which witnesses could attest.
The document is interesting, but undue value has been attributed
to it.
300 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
p. 44. In Cumbria itaque, regione quadam inter Angliam et Scotiam
sita. This refers to the old times before St. Kentigern's episcopate,
and the use of the word Cumbria is an anachronism. It is certain
that the south-west of Scotland was not then called Cumbria, nor its
inhabitants Cumbrenses.
Mr. Skene, in a note contributed to Bishop Forbes' Lives of St.
Ninian and St. Kentigern, says : " The terms Cumbria and Cumbri
are not applied to any part of the territories and people of Britain by
any writer prior to the eleventh century."
Bede terms the people Britones. Gildas knows nothing of
Cumbria and Cumbri. To Nennius they were equally unknown,
though he refers to their kings by name. Adamnan calls Rhydderch
Hael a king 'qui in Petra Cloithe regnavit,' but knows nothing
of Cumbri or Cumbria. The Irish Annals term the kings who reigned
during the whole of the eighth century Reges Alocluaithe, but have no
term to express the district they reigned over (Lives of St. Ninian
and St. Kentigern, Forbes' edition, p. 331).
p. 44. Proceres regni, etc. Jocelin in the Life of St. Kentigern
(c. 40) : " By divine prompting the king and the clergy of the
Cambrian region with other Christians, albeit they were few in
number, came together, and after taking into consideration what was
to be done to restore the good estate of the church, which was
well nigh destroyed . . . approached St. Kentigern and elected him
in spite of his remonstrances and strong resistance to be the shepherd
and bishop of their souls . . . they enthroned him, and having called
one bishop of Ireland after the manner of the Britons and Scots
of that period, they caused him to be consecrated Bishop ... St.
Kentigern . . . established his cathedral seat in a town called Glesgu
which is interpreted, the Dear Family" (Life of St. Kentigern, chapter
XL, Forbes' edition, pp. 54, 55).
There are two Memoirs of St. Kentigern : (i) By an unknown author
who wrote at the instance of Herbert, Bishop of Glasgow (1147-1159) —
printed by Mr. Cosmo Innes, Reg. Epis. Glas., Vol. I., pp. Ixxviiii ;
Ixxxvi ; (2) By Jocelinus, a monk of Furness, circa 1185,
dedicated to Josceline, bishop of Glasgow — printed by Capgrave,
Nova Legenda Angl., fol. ccvii and ccxii ; by Pinkerton, Vitae
Antiquae Sanctorum Scotiae ; and by Bishop Forbes and in Acta
Sanct. Jan., p. 815. It is impossible to separate what is true and
what is false, what is myth and what is history, in these memoirs.
It is probable that Kentigern was born between A.D. 518 and 530 and
that he died about A.D. 603, for the next 500 years the history of
the church of Glasgow is really unknown.
p. 45. Alexandro ... in Scotia regnante, misit eis Deus David . . .
in principem et ducem. I have already discussed the question as
to the rights of Earl David in the south of Scotland during the
reign of Alexander I.
p. 45. Johannem quemdam religiosum virum. The writer implies that
Earl David revived the bishopric and immediately appointed John ; but
there is evidence that a previous bishop, Michael, was consecrated
Bishop of Glasgow at York between 1 109-1 1 14. " Possibly or probably
an early death precluded Bishop Michael from coming to Glasgow as
NOTES L. 301
bishop. He died and was buried at Morland in Westmoreland"
(Haddan and Stubbs, 2 Concil., p. 14).
p. 46. Inquisitio per David principem, etc. These words are written
on the margin opposite the words " David vero," etc.
p. 46. Singulis Cumbriae provinciis. None of the lands afterwards
mentioned lay south of the Solway, and the limitation "quae sub
dominio et potestate ejus erant (non vero toti Cumbrensi regioni
dominabatur) " must refer to the Earl's lordships north of the Solway,
because we know that at least as early as the time of William
Rufus, Cumberland was part of England, in that reign Ranulf
Meschin was Lord of Cumberland and strengthened the borders
against the Scots.
p. 46. Inquirere fecit . . . subscribuntur. He probably issued a
brieve ; the names of those to whom it was addressed have not been
recorded.
The names of the lands have been carefully scrutinised by Mr.
J. T. T. Brown in "The Earliest Document relating to Glasgow."
p. 46. Carcleuien : " Cardowan, near Glasgow, in the Barony
parish. The ancient clerk read the letter ' d ' as * cl,' a very common
error of charter copyists " (Brown). There is a land Cardowan within
the Barony which may have belonged to the church, but the name
does not appear in the register of the bishopric. Camcar : " ' Caddar.'
The scribe blundered in transcribing 'dd'" (Brown). I doubt
whether Camcar can be Cadder, because Cadder (a parish four
miles north of Glasgow) was granted to the see by Malcolm IV.
Camcachecheyn. " This is Camlachie. The slight change of the
letter 'c' to an '!' restores the word to Camlatheteyn " (Brown).
There is no mention in the Register of Camlachie, which 1 suspect
is a modern corruption of an old name. Lengartheyn. Mr. Brown
suggested that this is Garnkirk in the parish of Cadder. He says :
"It is resolved from Llan a kirk and Gartheyn a garden . . . Garn-
kirk belonged to the see and was only secularized in 1587 by charter
of the Commendator of Glasgow to John Stirling." Neither Len-
gartheyn nor Garnkirk are mentioned in the Register. Lengartheyn,
in my opinion, has not been identified. Pathelanerch. "This is
Barlanark" (Brown). Barlanark certainly belonged to the church
and lay within the Barony ; in later times it was a prebend of the
Cathedral. Bishop Forbes (Lives of St. Ninian and St. Kentigern,
p. 370, note) suggested that Pathelanerch is Partick.
Cunclut : " a croft now part of Glasgow Green, situate near the
Clyde, between the lands of Milndam on the N.E. and Peitbog on
the S.W. It came to be known as Kinclaith" (Brown). It is
puzzling to find it stated that Conclut was church land in the
reign of Alexander I., because it was granted to the see of Glas-
gow by King Malcolm IV. (1153-1164), in terms which imply that
the king was giving a land which the church had not previously
owned. He gave it "pro salute mei et pro salute animarum Comitis
Henrici patris mei et Regis David avi mei et omnium aliorum
antecessorum meorum et pro remissione et absolutione mihi et eis
habenda a predicta ecclesia de omnibus transgressionibus quas ego et
302 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
ipsi in predictam ecclesiam et in ejus pastores et ministros gessimus :
si in aliquo erga eos transgressionem fecimus et nominatim pro terris
quas ego baronibus et militibus meis dedi usque ad diem qua baculum
peregrinationis Sancti Jacobi suscepi " (Reg. Epis., Glas., No. 15,
p. 1 6). Chefcarnenuat. " I am not satisfied that Carnwath in the
Upper Ward is meant. ... I incline to look for the name in Cadder,
Monkland, or the Barony parish " (Brown). Carnethyn : " Carntyne
in the Barony" (Brown). Carnedin is included in the Bull of Pope
Urban III. (Reg. Epis. Glas., p. 55). Caruil : "Carmyle in old Monkland
parish . . . spelt Kermil and Kermyl in the Registrum, and in
the Rental Book Carmyl, Carmile, and Carmyill" (Brown). Carmyle
was the property of the bishop and chapter, Bishop Herbert gave it to
the Abbey of Newbattle. Quendal : "(Gwendall), now Wandell, a
part of Lamington, in Lanarkshire." There is no mention of Quendal
in the Register subsequent to this " Inquisitio." Orig. Paroch. Scot.,
172: "It does not appear that the successors of St. Kentigern held
any right in the parochial benefice or its advowson, which seem
rather to have belonged to the lord of the manor of Hertesheuede.
The parochial territory from an early period was divided into two
portions ; the smaller, known as Quendal, . . . continued in the
possession of the bishopric until 1484." (Act. Dom. Con., p. 102.)
Abercarf : " an ancient name of a small property at the confluence
of the Polntarf (now the Tarth) with the Lyne in Newlands
parish, Peebleshire. It early passed to the Church of St. Mary of
Kelso, and was probably included in the confirmations by Bishop
Jocelyn, 1195-99" (Brown). I do not find authority for this. Abercarf
is not mentioned in the Chartulary of Kelso, and so far as appears
the see of Glasgow did not own land in the parish of Newlands.
Mecheyn, " spelt Maychan and Mauhan in the Registrum, is now
Dalserf parish, Lanarkshire. There is still a small estate called
Machan within the parish. In ancient Hamilton charters it is called
Machanshire" (Brown). The church did not belong to Glasgow.
The chapel, dependent on Cadihou, is mentioned in the Bull of
Urban III., 1186 (No. LXIL). The church of Cadzovv was not an
early possession, it was given to the see by David I. about A.D.
1150. Planmichel. Mr. Brown hesitated between Carluke and
Carmichael. Planmichel is not mentioned in the Papal Bulls. The
editor of Orig. Paroch. Scot., I., p. 1 50 : " Beyond the resemblance
of the names there is nothing to identify this place, Planmichel,
with the Carmichael of later days."
p. 46. Stoboc : Stobo in Peeblesshire, became a meusal barony
of the see. Orig. Paroch. Scot., I., p. 196: "The ancient parish of
Stobo was of large extent, including . . . the parishes of Lyne, Brough-
ton, Drummelzier, Tweedsmuir, Dawic, and perhaps also Glenholm.
This wide district contains all the vale of the Tweed, from its source
to the point where, turning eastward, it meets the Lyne, together with
the Fruid, Cor, Talla, and some smaller streams." Penteiacob is
Eddleston in Peeblesshire. " The ancient name was changed in the
1 2th century to Gillemoreston from the Celtic name of its then owner ;
and having before 1189 been granted by Richard de Moreville to
Edulf, the son of Utred, it was ever after known as Edulfstoun
gradually softened to Eddleston ..." (Brown).
NOTES L. 303
Richard de Morville, the Constable, granted to Edulf, the son of
Utred, Gillemoreston, " quae antiquitus vocabatur Peniacob per ser-
vitium unius militis," confirmed by Will, de Moreville, the Constable.
Elene, daughter of Alan of Galloway (wife of Roger de Quincy),
acknowledged that the villa de Edeluestune belonged to the church
of Glasgow, although Alan of Galloway and other predecessors had
unjustly detained it. (Reg. Epis. Glas., pp. 138, 139, 140.)
Adam, the son of Edulf, confirmed to Constantine his son, "pro
homagio et servitio suo," a certain part of his land in the territory of
Eduluistun " quae olim vocabatur Peniacob." There are many other
charters relating to the land in the Register. Alnecrumba :' " now
Ancrum in Roxburghshire. It belonged to the see, down to the
Reformation. The bishops had a castle there." The barony of
Ancrum was created into a free regality, in favour of the Bishop.
Treueronum. " Here the name follows Ancrum without any stop
between, looking as if it were a compounded name. In the
Registrum, however, it is plain that the names are separate. The
place is Tryorne in Roxburgh" (Brown). I am by no means sure
that it is Tryorne. I think that the land has not been identified.
Llllescliva, now Lillesleaf, "a village lying between Jedburgh and
Selkirk." It adjoins Ancrum and Ashkirk. The Bishops of Glasgow
had one part of the lands of Lillesleaf ; the Riddells had the other.
Asheschyrc : Ashkirk in Roxburghshire, which belonged to the see until
the Reformation. Hodelme: Hoddam in Dumfriesshire. In the Vita
Kentigerni, Jocelyn says : ' The holy bishop Kentigern, building
churches in Hodelm, ordaining priests and clerics, placed his see
there for a certain reason for a time ' — the reason probably being that
Rydderch's stronghold was then near at hand for protection.
Edyngaham. Mr. Brown says : " Now Edenham or Ednam " ; but
he is mistaken. Ednam never belonged to Glasgow. If the see
possessed a land with a name like that, it may be in Dumfries-
shire. There was an Ednemland "supra territorium burgi de
Annand" (Retours, Dumfriesshire, No. 148). Abermelc. Mr. Brown
said : " An ancient parish in Annandale. It was named from the
confluence of the River Milk with the Annan, the church being
dedicated to St. Kentigern. It is now in the parish of St. Mungo."
Driuesdale : a parish of Annandale, Dumfriesshire. Dryfesdale, St.
Mungo, and Hoddam adjoin. Colehtoun has not been identified. Mr.
Brown suggested that it may have been Coldanis, above Castlemilk.
Trevertrold. Mr. Brown said this was Trailtrow in Cummertrees
parish in Dumfriesshire, but neither Trevortrod nor Trailtrow appears
in the Register as a land belonging to the bishopric. Aschebie may
be Esbie, near Hoddam. Brumescheyed has not been identified.
Treuergylt. It has been said that this is probably Torgill, in
Dumfriesshire ; but there is no reason to think so.
p. 46. Poblis is Peebles. The right of Glasgow to the church of
Peebles was confirmed by successive Popes. (Reg. Epis., Glas., pp. 23,
3°» 43> 5°j and 95-) It was assigned to the archdeacon. Treverquyrd :
Traquair, in Peeblesshire. The church continued the property of
the see ; the lands and castle belonged to the Crown. Mereboda,
Morebattle, a village in Roxburghshire, on the Cheviots, 10 miles
304 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
from Jedburgh. The church, dedicated to St. Laurence, was in
the possession of the bishopric of Glasgow till the Reformation.
p. 46. Has terras juraverunt. It may be inferred that these jurors
spoke from their personal knowledge, and were practically witnesses
in the modern sense. Dr. Prescott seems to be of the opinion that
Uchtred, Gille, Leysing, and Oggo were all Cumbrenses judices. I
would limit the designation to Leysing and Oggo.
Uchtred son of Waldef appears in no other Scottish document, nor
have I discovered his name in the Pipe Rolls or other records of
Cumberland.
Gille filius Boed. Dr. Prescott identified him with Gilbertus filius
Boet, who is mentioned (A.D. 1155-1157) in a charter by Henry II. as
the former owner of the barony of Gilsland, in Cumberland, then
granted to Hubert de Vallibus.
In the Foundation Charter of Lanercost (Illust. Doc., XXIIL,
Wetheral Priory, p. 419), and in a confirmation by Pope Alexander III.
in 1181 certain lands are described "per has divisas quas Gille filius
Bueth illam melius et plenius in vita sua tenuit," and, again, " Dedi
autem eis omnem corticem de merremio meo proprio ... in boscis
meis infra baroniam meam de terra quae fuit Gille filius Bueth."
Except the similarity of name, I am not sure that there is evidence
that the juror in the Glasgow Inquisitio was the lord of Gillesland.
Leysing et Oggo were witnesses to the charter to the abbey of
Selkirk.
Cumbrenses judices. It is difficult to explain this. David had no
rights over Cumberland at the date of the Inquisitio. He may have
obtained the assistance of experienced Englishmen to ascertain the
rights of the old church, but men of Cumberland (one would think)
would not have sufficient knowledge to warrant their giving evidence
as to the history and possessions of the bishopric of Glasgow.
However, ' Cumbrensis ' here may mean, men of the south of Scot-
land, in some chronicles and charters of the twelfth century, Cumbria
is used, for part of the old kingdom of Scottish Strath Clyde.
Halden filius Eadulf. I have not found his name in any other record.
p. 46. Hujus rei testes sunt. I have already said that I regard this
list as a spurious addition. I am unable to suggest oh what occasion
and for what purpose, this large assemblage of distinguished persons
could have met.
p. 46. Matildis comitissa : the wife of Earl David. She is repre-
sented as here consenting " ex sua parte," but what she consented to
or what interest she had in the lands of the church, I cannot imagine.
LI.
From the MS. Chartulary of Daventry Priory, British Museum,
Claud. D. XIL, fol. i.
Earl David, addressing all his barons and friends, French and
NOTES L.-LIII. 305
English, announces that all the lands and tithes which the monks
of Daventry hold in his fee shall be held ' in elemosina.'
p. 47. Daventry : in Northamptonshire. The manor was part of
the Earldom of Northampton (i Whalley, p. 44 ; Dugdale, Monast.,
v., p. 176) : "Hugh de Leycester, Sheriff of Northamptonshire, . . .
placed in the church of Preston Capes (or West Preston) . . . four
Cluniac monks, who, labouring under want of water and other incon-
veniences, were in a few years, removed to the town of Daventre,
where Hugh, near the parish church (wherein were then four secular
canons), built a priory to the honour of St. Augustine, the monk, sub-
ordinate to St. Mary de Caritate in France."
Among the early benefactors were Simon, Earl of Northampton, and
the Countess Matilda his wife. They, by charter addressed to Robert,
Bishop of Lincoln, stated that Robert, the son of Vitalis, in the year in
which Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, died (A.D. 1109), came to
Northampton and asked them to confirm his gift to Daventry Priory
of the churches of his Manor of Foxton, viz. Lubenho, Scaldeford,
Guthmundelay, Bitlesbroc and Braibroc." After Earl Simon's death
the Countess Matilda married Earl David, hence this charter.
p. 47. Testibus : Hugh de Leicestria, the founder of Daventry,
sheriff of Northampton and steward of the Earl. Robert son of
Ingell : a mistake for Robert son of Nigel. Apud Jerdelai : Yardley
Hastings in Northamptonshire, one of the castles of the earldom.
LII.
From the Chartulary of Wetheral Priory, printed in Dugdale,
Monast., in., p. 583 ; Register of the Priory of Wetheral (Prescott,
p. 194).
A confirmation by Earl David of a grant by Robert Brus of
the vill and church of Karkarevil to the Abbey of St. Mary, at
York.
p. 47. St. Mary's Abbey of York. The cell of Wetheral, in Cum-
berland, was given by Ranulf Meschin to the Abbey before A.D.
1120(3 Dugdale, Monast., 581).
p. 47. Eboracensi : clerical error for Eboraci.
p. 47. Karkarevil. I do not know where it was ; it must have been
a land of the Bruces of which Earl David was overlord, possibly in
the Earldom of Northampton. Dr. Prescott thinks it was in
Annandale.
p. 47. Robertus Brus : the elder Bruce, to whom Annandale was
granted (see note to LIV.).
LIII.
The original is in the Archives of the Duchy of Lancaster. A
tag shows that there has been a seal which is now missing. Printed
in Bain's Calendar, I., pp. i, 557.
u
306 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
" Earl David to Edward the reeve (praepositus) and to all his
successors and to all his men of the land and soc in London
and Totenham, greeting : Know ye that I have granted and
disponed to Roger the Archdeacon and his heir all that land which
Alwyn Kybbel and Ailward, his sub-tenant (subsessor), held, freely,
with sac and soc, he paying every year three shillings for rent and
eight pence for sac and soc ; and Agelward shall go to support the
pleas of the Earl, and the Archdeacon himself, if he shall be in London
disengaged and shall be summoned, shall maintain the Earl's pleas ;
and those who hold under him shall have no risk of being summoned
into court ; nor shall the Archdeacon raise Agelward's rent beyond
what he is wont to receive, nor shall the rent of the Archdeacon
himself be raised ; and no one shall be lodged in the Archdeacon's
house save Robert Foliot and his esquire, unless by the Archdeacon ;
but if a Bishop or other churchman come to the Earl, if necessary, he
shall be entertained. To this grant the witnesses are William Peverell,
etc.35
p. 48. Totenham, in Middlesex, north of London, was a manor
which belonged to the Countess Matilda. I do not know whether it
belonged to her father Earl Waltheof (Lyson's Env. of London, II.,
part ii., p. 746), or whether it was one of the manors granted by the
Conqueror to her mother, Countess Judith. Countess Matilda and her
first husband, Simon de St. Liz, gave the tithe of Todeham to the
monks of St. Andrew's, Northampton.
Some years after this grant by Earl David, his son, Earl Henry,
granted to Uctred de London seven score acres in the Hangre of
Toteham and a half holm which Engelram held, and four trunks of
trees for firewood, and free pannage for five pigs, for a rent of a mark
of silver (British Museum, Cottonian Charters, Cartae Antiq., XVIIL,
46). Malcolm IV. granted these 140 acres to Robert son of Swain
(Dugdale, Monast, IV., p. 83).
King John confirmed the manor to a later Earl David (brother
of William the Lion) in 1199, and it was a part of the dower of his
widow. In 1254 a survey was taken of the capital messuage of
Totenham (i Bain, Cal., p. 368). It was divided between Robert de
Brus, John de Baliol, and Henry de Hastings, the co-heirs of the
Earl.
The church of Totenham was given by David, King of Scotland, to
the canons of the church of the Holy Trinity in London (Charter
XCVIIL, ante, p. 78), to whom it belonged until the Reformation. In
1544 it was granted by King Henry VIII. to the Dean and Chapter
of St. Paul's.
p. 48. Roger the archdeacon. In Dugdale's Monast., St. Paul's, p.
237, mention is made of Roger the archdeacon, son of Robert the
archdeacon, holding the prebend of Cadington Major.
p. 48. Alwinus Kybbel et Ailwardus. I have not discovered any
other notice of these.
NOTES LIII.-LIV. 307
p. 48. Testibus : Robert Foliot was the Earl's steward. William
Peveraell (Bain, Cal., Pref. xvi) : "possibly the great baron of that
name, reputed son of the Conqueror."
LIV.
The original charter is preserved in the Archives of the Duchy
of Lancaster ; National MSS. of Scotland. Printed, i Act. Par.1.
Scot, p. 92.
King David, addressing all his barons and vassals and friends,
French and English, informs them that he has granted to Robert de
Brus, Estrahanent (Annandale) and all the land from the boundary of
Dunegal of Nithsdale to the boundary of Randulf Meschin. He wills
and grants that de Brus may have and hold that land and its castle
with all the rights which Randulf Meschin ever had in Carduill and in
his land of Cumberland.
p. 48. David Dei gratia Rex Scottorum. Earl David succeeded to
the throne on the death of his brother Alexander I., 23rd April, 1124.
p. 48. Robert de Brus (the son of a Norman who acquired many
manors in Yorkshire) held the land of Exton in Rutland in the
Earldom of Northampton. He and Earl David became friends,
probably at the court of Henry I. Ailred states that de Brus at
the battle of the Standard appealed to King David's recollection
that as early as 1107 he and other Normans had sufficient influence
in Scotland to force King Alexander to yield a part of the kingdom
to his brother David.
Robert de Brus was a frequent witness to the charters of David I.
(pp. 28, 42, 51, 52, 55, 58, 70, 71, 73 bis, 78, 82, 87, 89, and 99). He
resided in England, and was an English rather than a Scottish man.
He had two sons, Adam and Robert. Adam succeeded to the
estates in England. To Robert, his father in his own lifetime gave
Annandale.
In 1138 Robert de Brus was of the party which supported
Stephen, and at the battle of the Standard, de Brus and his son
Robert were on different sides. The elder de Brus immediately
before the battle renounced his fealty to King David. The son Robert
was taken prisoner by his father, and by the order of the King
of England he was placed in the custody of his mother. He
complained that Annandale yielded no wheat for bread which he
could eat and his father gave him the lands of Hert and Hertness in
Skelton, Yorkshire. Robert de Brus the elder, to whom this charter
was given, died in 1141 and was buried in Guiseburn Abbey, which he
had founded in 1129.
Annandale is the middle division of Dumfriesshire. It is bounded
north by Lanarkshire and Peeblesshire, north-east by Selkirkshire,
east by Eskdale, west by Nithsdale, north-west by Lanarkshire, and
south by the Solway Firth. It includes the parishes of Annan,
Cummertrees, Dalton, St. Mungo, Hoddam, Middlebie, Tundergarth,
308 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Dryfesdale, Kirkmichael, Lochmaben, Johnstone, Applegarth, Hutton,
Corrie, Wamphray, Kirkpatrick Juxta, Rainpatrick, Moffat, Gretna, etc.,
and has an acreage of above 200,000 acres.
King William the Lion confirmed to Robert de Brus the younger
" terram quam pater suus et ipse tenuerunt in villa de Annand' per
easdem divisas per quas pater suus earn tenuit et ipse per patrem
suum : tenendam sibi et heredibus suis de me et heredibus meis
in feudo et hereditate in bosco et piano in pratis et pascuis in moris et
mariscis, etc., ita libere et quiete sicut pater suus vel ipse earn
tempore regis Davidis avi mei vel regis Malcolmi fratris mei.
Exceptis regalibus quae ad regalitatem meam spectant scilicet, causa
de inventione thesauri, causa de murdro, causa de assaltu premeditato,
causa de femina efforciata, causa de arsione, causa de rapina, Quas
causas mihi reservavi, Concedo etiam ei ut haec causae sint attachiatae
per unum hominem de feudo suo quern eligero et tractatae et placitatae
per ante justicias meas infra comitatum de Ka . . et tales consuetu-
dines capiet de hominibus regni mei quales capiuntur apud Rokesburg
excepta assisa baroniae suae. Volo . . . per servitium centum militum
excepta custodia castellorum meorum . . . ipsum quietum clamavi."
(Nat. MSS. Scotland with facsimile.)
p. 49. Dunegal de Stranit. Chalmers (Caledonia, III., p. 71),
followed by later writers, states that four sons of Dunegal — Randolph,
Duvenald, Duncan, and Gillespic — after his death shared his ex-
tensive possessions in Nithsdale.
p. 49. Randulfus Meschin. " Meschin (i.e. junior, Latin meschinus,
French meschin le jeune) was the son and heir of Randolph
Vicomte de Bayeux, by Matilda, sister of Hugh Earl of Chester ;
he acquired, about A.D. 1092, the lordship of Cumberland"
(Prescott's Wetheral, App., pp. 468-470). "To protect his pro-
vince of Cumberland against the Scots he provided three baronies :
Lyddale which he gave to Turgis Brundis, Burgh by Sands to Robert
de Trivers, and Gillesland to his brother William Meschin." He
resigned the lordship of Cumberland about 1122 on succeeding
to the earldom of Chester.
p. 49. suum castellum was Lochmaben.
p. 49. Carduill is Carlisle. The continuator of Simeon of Durham,
sub anno 1122, says: "Hoc anno rex Henricus post festum S.
Michaelis Northymbranas intrans regiones, ab Eboraco divertit
versus mare occidentale, consideraturus civitatem antiquam quae
lingua Brittonum Cairlel dictus, quae nunc Carleol Anglice, Latine
vero Lugubalia appellatur, quam data pecunia castello et turribus
praecepit muniri" (Simeon of Durham, Surtees' edition, p. 119).
p. 49. Testibus : Eustace Fitzjohn, nephew and heir of Serlo Burg
who founded Knaresborough Castle, was a leading baron in the north
of England. He was a friend of King David. He witnessed several
charters by that king and by his son Earl Henry, most of them
relating to lands in England (ante, pp. 64, 65, 89, 95, 101, 139, and
200). He was sheriff of Northumberland along with Walter Espec,
temp. Henry I. (2 Brand, Northumberland, p. 5). He founded the
abbey of Alnwick in 1147. He married the daughter of Ivy de Vescy,
through whom he got the great baronies of Alnwick and Malton.
Their son William took the name of de Vescy. He was sheriff
NOTES LIV. 309
of Northumberland 1157-1170 (Farrer, p. 10). By another wife
Eustace Fitzjohn had a son, Richard Fitz Eustace, constable of
Chester and baron of Halton and Widnes. Eustace Fitzjohn fell in
the ambuscade of Welshmen at Counsylth, near Basing werk, in July,
1157, when King Henry was invading North Wales (Prescott,
Wetheral, p. 19).
p. 49. Alano de [Perci]. See note to No. CCLIII. In the original
the word is incorrectly written. " Perci " is supplied by all those
who have quoted the charter.
p. 49. William de Sumerville was an Englishman, a friend of King
David, who accompanied him to Scotland and settled there. He
and his son witnessed many of the king's charters (pp. 72, 79, 93,
94, 100, 105, 108, ii2, 128, 136, 139, 141, 147, 150, 159, 160, 186, 190,
197). Chalmers is ifi error when he states that the Chronicle of
Melrose shows that William de Sumerville died in 1142. The only
record of a death of Sumerville in that chronicle is under date 1242.
He left a son, William, who died circa 1161, and from whom the
family of Somervilles in Scotland was descended. I Chalmers,
Caled., 509 : " Gualter de Somerville . . . obtained from (the Conqueror)
Whitchnour in Staffordshire and Somerville Aston in Gloucestershire.
He left several sons, at the commencement of the twelfth century,
Gualter, who inherited his estates in England ; and William, his second
son, who attached himself to David I. He obtained the manor of
Carnwath."
p. 49. Berengarius Engaine. The Engaines (or Ingaines) were a
Northamptonshire family ; for their pedigree see I Baker, Northamp.,
p. 9 ; Round, Feudal England, p. 154 ; I Chalmers' Caledonia, p. 511.
Berengarius Engaine, probably, was a vassal of David, Earl of
Northampton, and accompanied him to Scotland. He acquired the
land of Crailing in Roxburgh : he was a benefactor to Jedburgh
Abbey (Morton's Monastic Annals, p. 50). I do not know whether he
left sons to inherit his lands in Scotland. A relative of his (but
whether father, uncle, or brother, I do not know), Ranulf Engaine,
married the heiress of Robert d Estrivers, and with her acquired
the barony of Burgh in Cumberland, which their grand-daughter
brought to her husband de Morevilla.
p. 49. Randulf de Sules. Ranulph de Sules accompanied David I.
from Northamptonshire to Scotland. ... He witnessed many charters.
He got a grant of Liddlesdale. He granted to the monks of Jedworth
the church of Dodington near Barton in Northamptonshire and
the church of Liddlesdale with half a carucate of land in the manor of
Nisbet (Morton's Monastic Annals, p. 51). In Liddlesdale he built
a castle at Castletown. He held the office of Pincerna Regis for some
time in the early years of the reign of William the Lion, and died not
long before 1170, he was succeeded in his estates by his nephew
Randulf, the son of William de Sules. The de Sules remained in
Scotland and held a prominent position for the next two centuries.
One of the family was a competitor for the Crown in 1291.
p. 49. William de Morvilla: he appears as witness, p. 160. Henry
son of Warinus. I have not been able to identify him. Edmund the
chamberlain. In the charter to the Abbey of Selkirk (xxxv., ante,
3io EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
p. 28), Adam the chamberlain is a witness ; Edmund, who succeeded
him, was in turn succeeded by Herbert, a frequent witness to charters
by David I.
LV.
Printed in Haddan and Stubbs, 2 Concil., p. 211 ; Robertson's Con-
cil., Preface, p. xxvi ; and Wilkin's Cone. Mag. Brit, et Hib., Vol. I.,
pp. 406-7.
Pope Honorius desires King David to receive and to honour his
Legate, Cardinal John, and to cause the Bishops of Scotland to attend
his council. The controversy between the Archbishop of York and
the Scottish bishops will be carefully enquired into by the Legate.
The Pope reserves the right of final decision.
Honorius II. was Pope for six years, A.D. 1124-1130.
Lord Hailes and Dr. Joseph Robertson say that a council was held
at Roxburgh ; but it seems to me that, though the Legate met King
David at Roxburgh, there is no evidence that he held council. The
council assembled in London after the Legate's return from Scotland.
The Chronica de Mailros (p. 68), A.D. 1125: "Johannes Cremensis
legatus Angliam venit et ad regem David apud Rokesburc, et in
reditu apud Lundoniam concilium tenuit."
" Hac auctorite Johannes praedictus circuiens Angliam etiam ad
regem Scottorum David pervenit apud fluvium Twedam qui Northym-
briam et Loidam disterminat in loco qui Rochesburh nominatur ubi
officio legationis peracto, rediens apud Londoniam celebrant con-
cilium, quod de capitulis subter annexis habetur in hunc modum."
(Simeon of Durham, I Twysden, p. 252.)
Hoveden, quoted in Thorpe's edition of Florence of Worcester, n.,
p. 8 1, said: "Cum enim in concilio severissime de uxoribus sacer-
dotum tractasset, dicens summum scelus esse a latere meretricis ad
corpus Christi conficiendum surgere, cum eadem die corpus Christi
confecissit, cum meretrice post vesperam interceptus est. Res aper-
tissima Lundoniae gesta negari non potuit. Summus honor prius
ubique habitus, in summum dedecus versus est. Remeavit igitur in
sua. Dei judicio confusus et ingloriosus." It is possible that this is
untrue. Ciaconius, Vol. I., p. 919.
LVI.
From the MS. Register of the Priory of Northampton, British
Museum, Cott. MSS. Vespas. E., xvn.
King David, addressing Robert, Bishop of Lincoln, and Hugh, the
Sheriff of Leicester, and all his officers and liegemen, French and
NOTES LIV.-LVIII. 311
English, announces that he has granted the church of Potton to the
church of St. Andrew of Northampton.
Thinking that the charter implied that Queen Matilda was
still alive, I dated this as granted prior to 1130; but that cannot
be the right date, if Robert be the name of the Bishop of Lincoln
to whom the charter was addressed, because Robert (Blount), the
first Bishop of Lincoln of that name, died in 1122, before David I.
became king, and the next Bishop Robert was not elected bishop
until 1147, long after the queen's death; in 1147 David no longer
held the Earldom of Northampton. I suspect that the scribe wrote R.
for A. (Alexander), who was Bishop from 1123 until 1147.
p. 50. Hugo vicecomes de Leycestria is Hugh of Leicester, the
Sheriff of Northampton.
p. 50. Poltona : this is a mistake for Potton in Bedfordshire. In
1214 there was a dispute between Earl David, brother of King
William the Lion, and others regarding 12 virgates in Potton. Henry
de Braboc got the land, to be held under Earl David for the fourth
part of a knight's service, (i Bain's Calen., No. 598.)
p. 50. St. Andrew de Northampton : a Cluniac Priory, in the north-
west part of the town of Northampton, near the wall bordering on the
river ; a monastery repaired and largely endowed by Simon de St.
Liz, first husband of Queen Matilda. He replenished it with Cluniac
monks from the abbey of St. Mary de Caritate, in which he was
afterwards buried. (Dugdale, Monast., v., p. 185.)
LVII.
From the Register of the Priory of St. Andrew of Northampton
British Museum, Vespas. E., XVII.
King David confirms to the monks of St. Andrew of Northampton
all the lands which they held as his vassals on the day when he
became King of Scotland.
p. 50. eo die quo factus sum Rex Scotiae : i.e. 23 April, 1124.
p. 50. praecipue dapifero meo : his steward in the Earldom.
p. 51. Testibus : Michaele de Hamesl., Ilbard de Agenho and
Ogerus de Hotton. I have not identified these witnesses.
LVIII.
Register of the Priory of Northampton in the British Museum,
Vespas. E., XVIL, 1 1 fol. (86).
Mandate to Reginald de Bull to pay to the prior and to the monks
of Northampton 405. from the rents of Bedford (205. at Easter and 205.
at Michaelmas).
312 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
p. 51. Reginald de Bull was probably King David's steward, who
collected the rents, etc., due by the tenants of the Earldom of North-
ampton, in Bedford.
p. 51. Grimbaud : a Northamptonshire baron, who gave to St.
Andrew, Northampton, the church and tithe of Moulton, with the
tithe of Budon and a ploughgate of land.
LIX.
King David, addressing all his lieges and friends, announces that he
has granted to God and to St. Mary de Caritate, and to the church of
St. Augustine at Daventry, and to the monks there serving God
in alms whatever they hold of him in feu. William and Hugh,
who are canons there, shall hold their prebends for their lives, unless
they cease to be monks. This was granted on the day of the dedica-
tion of the church of St. Andrew at Yardley.
p. 52. Jerdelai. Yardley Hastings was one of the seats of the Earl,
where probably he spent much of his time between his marriage
and his accession to the throne, and to it he returned when the
church was dedicated. Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln (1123-1147),
consecrated it, and there were also present the archdeacon and
and the king's chancellor, besides the friends Hugo de Moreville and
Robert de Brus. Guido de Chanin and William de Hoct, or Hocton,
we may believe, were Northamptonshire or Bedfordshire barons.
LX.
King David, addressing Hugh the sheriff, and Grimbald, and all his
officers, gives orders that the monks of Northampton shall hold the
church of Brayfield, with the virgate of land which belongs to it, free
of all service due to the king. He further grants two cartloads of
rushes from the wood at Yardley.
p. 52. Hugh was probably the Sheriff of Northamptonshire,
Grimbald was a Baron, probably an officer of the Earldom.
Braufield is the parish of Brafield, on the Green, joined with Little
Houghton St. Mary, in Northamptonshire. (Whalley, Northampton-
shire, i., p. 452.) It had been granted by Simon de St. Liz, and
Maud, his wife, to St. Andrew, Northampton.
LXI.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 6 a ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 9,
No. 6.
King David, addressing William the sheriff and his officers of
Stirling, orders that they cause all the tithes and rights due to the
monks of Dunfermline to be as fully rendered to them as the king had
gifted.
NOTES LVIII.-LXII. 313
The monastery of Dunfermline had right to half of the hides and
fat, etc., of all the beasts killed for feasts at Stirling and between
Forth and Tay, to a ' mansura ' in Stirling, to the two churches of
the town, to a ploughgate of land which adjoined the church, to a tithe
of the fruits, animals, and fish from the king's demesne, and to a
tithe of the king's rent from the burgh, to a tithe of the whole of the
' Castrensis provinciae' to the house of Roger the priest, and to a net
and a half of the fishing.
These tithes, and rights, and rents, it may be believed, were too
numerous and too varied to be easily collected and preserved, and the
intervention of the Sheriff of Stirling was necessary.
By the time of the Reformation all that remained to the abbey of
their rights in or near Stirling was the church and its teinds. In 1561
the glebe (probably the old ploughgate of land) yielded ^10, and
the teinds were leased to the laird of Garden for ^8 a year.
p. 52. Castrensis provinciae : probably the domain attached to the
castle of Stirling.
LXII.
Registrum de Dumfermelyn, fol. 7 b; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 15,
No. 26.
This was granted between 1124 and 1127, while Robert was still
bishop elect. He was consecrated in 1127. (2 Concil., 214.)
King David, addressing Robert, Bishop (elect) of St. Andrews, and
his earls, barons, and liegemen, informs them that he has given for
ever in alms to the Church of the Holy Trinity at Dunfermline the
tithe of all his demesne lands of Dunfermline, except of those which
belong to other churches, and also a house (mansura) in the burgh of
Dunfermline, another in Stirling, another in Perth, and another in
Edinburgh.
It was confirmed by King David (CCIX., ante, p. 167), King
Malcolm IV. (Reg. de Dunf., p. 20) and King William (ib. pp.
28, 29).
p. 53. Dominiis meis. I understand 'dominia' to mean Crown
lands in the King's possession within the ' shire ' of Dunfermline.
This grant acknowledges the obligation to pay tithe to the church,
while it recognises that the landowner had right to select to what
particular church tithe should be paid. The tithe of some of these
demesne lands in Dunfermline already belonged to other churches ;
what remained was for the future to be paid to the church of Dun-
fermline.
p. 53. In burgo meo. Round the King's houses in Dunfermline,
Stirling, Perth, and Edinburgh, on the King's land, burghs had long
314 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
before this time been built. During the reign of David I. they increased
in size and importance. In theory the land within a burgh belonged
to the King ; the burgesses were his immediate tenants, who had
privileges attached to, or conferred on, the King's men, his land, port,
or market. The King granted many lands and tofts and * mansurae,'
etc., within burgh : sometimes the grantees were exempted from the
duties of watching and warding, and even of payment of rent, which
were the usual conditions of burgage holdings.
p. 53. Roberto electo. Robert was elected Bishop of St. Andrews
in 1124 and consecrated in 1127.
LXIII.
Cott. MSS. Claud. B. in., fol. 131 b; Reg. Alb. Ebor., I., fol. 52,
and ill., fol. 57 b ; Dugdale, Monast., vi., p. 1187, No. 49 ; 2 Concil.,
p. 24.
A letter from Pope Honorius II., directing Gilla Aldan, the Bishop
(elect) of Candida Casa, to seek consecration by the Archbishop of
York. Pope Honorius II. was enthroned 21 December, 1124: this
letter was written (probably) in 1126 (2 Concil., p. 24). Gilla Aldan
was the first bishop when the see was re-established by Fergus of
Galloway.
LXIV.
Cott. MSS. Claud. B. in., fol. 22 a; Reg. Alb. Ebor., n., fol. 17;
Dugdale, Monast., vi., p. 1188, 1189, No. 64 ; 2 Concil., p. 25.
Bishop Gilla Aldan was consecrated by the Archbishop of York in
A.D. 1127, after making this profession of obedience to his metropolitan
— Stubb's Acta Pontificum Ebor. (Twysden, 1720.)
LXV.
The original charter, in duplicate, is in the Treasury at Durham,
with seals attached. Both were printed by Dr. Raine, N. Durham,
App., p. 4, Nos. XV. and xvi. King David confirms King Edgar's
charters of lands to the church of St. Cuthbert (xix., p. 16 ; XX., p.
17 ; XXL, p. 18 ; xxil., p. 18).
p. 55. Lodoneis : the lands lay in Berwickshire, then a part of
Lothian.
p. 5 5. Goldingeham . . . Cramesmuthe : these have already been
noticed. Lamberton, an estate in Berwickshire, was of old in the
parish of Ayton ; it is now in Mordington.
p. 55. Sacca et socna, etc. These remains of Anglo-Saxon phrase-
ology are here little more than words of style, conferring generally
baronial jurisdiction.
NOTES LXII.-LXVI. 315
p. 55. the third year of his reign: i.e. between 23 April, 1126-
24 April, 1127.
p. 55. Apud Peblis : Peebles, where the King had a castle.
p. 55. Testibus. Ascelinus, the Archdeacon of Glasgow, witnessed
many of King David's charters (ante, pp. 68, 69, 73, 79, 93, 108, 136,
1 86, 202). He held a land at Partick under the King (cix., ante,
p. 85). He was Archdeacon till the reign of King Malcolm IV.
(Mun. Melros., p. 8).
LXVI.
Registrum de Dunfermlyn, fol. 7a; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 12,
No. 16.
King David, addressing all his barons and liegemen, orders that no
one shall take any distress on the land or from the men of the Church
of the Holy Trinity for wrongs done by any than themselves.
p. 56. " Namum capere " : Spelman, Glossarium : " Namium et
Namus, captio, a Sax. naman al. nyman capere. Voces prisci
fori, haec apud Scotos, ilia apud Anglos veteres usitatior. Res,
bona, animalia quae per distinctionem capiuntur significantes.
Hoc est ea quae a possessore auferuntur legitimeque retinentur,
mulctae vel pignoris nomine quousque, id fecerit vel praestitit quod
non sine injuria recusaverit." Twysden, Glossary : " Namium, voca-
bulum forense et leguleis nostris satis notum, licet quodammodo
antiquatum, ut ab eis in verbum nunc dierum usitatius 'distresse,' paris
significationis (pignoris enim captionem signat) mutaturn est enim a
Saxon. ' Name,' i.e. pignus vel pignoris prehensio : ut illud a nyman
capere, prehendere."
Distress was a prominent subject in Celtic law. Mr. Handcock, the
editor of the Senchus Mor, vol. I., Preface, p. xlvi : " It appears to
have been the universal remedy by which rights were vindicated and
wrongs redressed. . . . The plaintiff or creditor, having first given
the proper notice, proceeded ... to distrain. . . . The distress,
when seized, was, in certain cases, liable to a stay, . . . which was a
period . . . during which the debtor received back the distress and
retained it in his own keeping, the creditor having a lien upon it.
Such a distress is a ' distress with time,' but, under certain circum-
stances, ... an ' immediate distress ' was made, the peculiarity of
which was, that during the fixed period of the stay, the distress was
not allowed to remain in the debtor's possession, but in that of the
creditor, or in one of the recognised greens or pounds. . . . The dis-
tress remained in the pound a certain period, according to its nature,
. . . and the expense of feeding and tending ran against the distress,
and was payable out of it for this period. At the end of the delay in
pound, the forfeiting time . . . began to run, during which the distress
became forfeited at the rate of three ' seds ' per day until entirely
forfeited. If the entire value of the distress thus forfeited was exactly
equal to the original debt and the subsequent expenses, the debt was
liquidated ; if it was less than this, a second distress was taken for
the difference, or, if more, the overplus was returned. . . . But if,
316 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
instead of allowing his cattle to go to pound, the debtor gave a suffi-
cient pledge ... to the creditor that he would . . . try the right to
the distress by law, the creditor was bound to receive such pledge. If
the debtor did not go to law, the pledge became forfeited for the
original debt."
In the Ancient Laws of England, vol. i., p. 387, there are many
regulations as to distress ; for instance, the Secular Law of King
Cnut, No. 19 : " And let no man take any distress either in the shire
or out of the shire before he has three times demanded his right in
the hundred." The right to distrain was restricted by the law of
Henry L, cap. 51, sec. 3 : "Et nulli sine judicio vel licencia namiare
liceat alium in suo vel alterius."
The law of distress in Scotland was harsh. A creditor could distrain
not only the goods of the debtor, but also those belonging to his
kin or neighbours. The severity of this law was relaxed in favour of
the tenants of some monasteries. In the charter to Dunfermline it
was restricted to distress on the goods of the debtor. That was
repeated in a subsequent charter, cxxvm. (ante, p. 97) : " Prohibeo
quod nullus super meum forisfactum aliquod namum in praedicta
terra ullo modo capere praesumat pro ulterius extrinsecus forisfacto."
And CCIX., ante, p. 169 : " Prohibeo ne aliquod namum capiatur super
terram vel super homines Sanctae Trinitatis pro forisfacto alicujus
nisi pro proprio forisfacto illorum."
King David to Holyrood (ante, p. 119): "Et prohibeo ne aliquis
capiat pandum super terram Sanctae Crucis nisi Abbas loci rectum et
jus facere recusaverit." To St. Andrews, LXVIL, ante, p. 56 : " Pro-
hibeo quod nullum namum capiatur usquam in terris pertinentibus
ecclesiae Sancti Andreae pro ulterius forisfacto vel debitis aliorum " ;
and CLXIII., ante, p. 127: "Praecipimus etiam ut nullus namum capiat
in terris suis pro alterius forisfacto vel pro debitis aliorum."
There are many other examples of the restriction of the right to
take pledges ; for instance, Malcolm IV. to Scon : " Prohibeo firmiter
ne quisquam super terram Abbatis de Scon namum capiat pro alicujus
debito neque pro debito ipsius Abbatis aut alicujus hominum suorum
nee pro ipsius Abbatis aut aliquo suorum defectu nisi Abbas ipse aut
ejus homo in curia ipsius Abbatis calumpnianti prius defecerit de
recto super meam plenariam forisfacturam." (Lib. de Scon, p. 12.)
William the Lion to the Abbey of Holyrood : " Aut super eorum
homines namum capiant nisi sit pro dominicis debitis suis aut pro
debitis hominum suorum " ; and to the Abbey of Kelso : " Mando et
firmiter praecipio nequis unquam namum capiat super Abbatem de
Kalchou neque infra neque extra terras ejusdem ecclesiae priusque
ipse abbas vel minister sui requirantur de rectitudine facienda."
The same king conceded to the burgesses of Moray that their goods
be poinded only for their own debts, (i Act. Parl., p. 88.) The
Assize of David, cc. 21, 22, 23, prohibited poinding without the leave
of the lord or the bailie, while the goods of a burgess could not be
poinded without the leave of the provost. (Leg. Burg., c. 4.)
In 1273 Malcolm, Earl of Lennox, conceded to the Abbey of Paisley
that no "captiones" be taken for him from the goods of the monks.
(Chart. Paisley, p. 203.) In 1318 the exemptions in favour of Religious
Houses were extended to all. It was then enacted that no one be
poinded except the debtor and the surety (i Act. Parl. Scot., p. 468), but
NOTES LXVI.-LXVIII. 317
that perhaps was not immediately obeyed, for as late as 1398 King
Robert III. to the Abbey of Paisley: " Concessimus etiam eisdem re-
ligiosis ut nullus namos suos aut hominum suorum capiat pro alicujus
debito plegiagio vel forisfacto nisi pro eorundem proprio debito plegiagio
vel forisfacto. Salvis burgis nostris." (Chartul. of Paisley, p. 96.) By
the laws of the Marches (i Act. Parl. Scot., p. 414) a Scottish creditor
could lawfully poind for his debt the goods of men in England of the
same rank in life as the debtor.
LXVII.
Registrum Prioratus S. And., fol. 79 a, Bannatyne Club edition,
p. 183-
King David, addressing his Barons, sheriffs, officers, and all his
liegemen, announces that he prohibits the taking of any distress on the
lands of the church of St. Andrews for the default or debts of
strangers. (See note to LXVI.)
p. 56. Herbert the chamberlain was the constant attendant and
faithful servant of King David during his whole reign. He was a
witness to charters ante, pp. 72, 80, 86, 91, 95, 97, 100, 106, 107, 119,
121, 122, 124, 129, 134, 138, 139, 140, 141, 171, 172, 179, 182, 183, 195,
201, 212, 213.
He perambulated the land of Rindalgros with King David and
William Giffard, p. 123. He continued to hold office under Malcolm
IV. till at least A.D, 1160. (Reg. Prior. S. And., p. 207, and Regis.
Epis. Glasg., p. 14.)
LXVI 1 1.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 7 a ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 13
No. 19.
King David grants to the church of Dunfermline, Ragewin, Gille-
patric, and Ulchil, just as his own men.
Presumably these men were serfs, the personal property of the
King, passing by grant and delivery; men more servile than the
' nativi ' and ' adscriptitii glebae,' who could not be sold except with
the land on which they were born, lived, and laboured. I give a few
of many instances of gifts and sales of slaves in Scotland in the
eleventh and twelfth centuries :
William the Lion granted to the Abbey of Dunfermline " Gillandreas
Mac Suthen et ejus liberos et illos eis quietos clamasse de me et here-
dibus meis in perpetuum " (Reg. de Dunf., p. 36, No. 64). Waldeve,
the Earl, granted to Kelso Abbey " Halden et Willelmum fratrem
ejus et omnes liberos eorum et omnes sequaces eorum" (Liber de
Calch., p. 198). Richard de Moreville, the Constable, sold to Henry
de St. Clair Edmund the son of Bonda, and Gillemichael, his brother,
and their sons and daughters, and all their progeny, for the sum of
3i8 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
three merks (i Act. Parl. Scot., p. 94). In the Liber de Inchaffray :
in 1250 Malise, Earl of Strathern, granted to the Priory " Gilmory
Gillendes servum nostrum cum tota sequela sua" ; A.D. 1278, John
Cumyne granted " Gilchrist Roch filium Gilleththeny cum omni sequela
sua ab ipso progressa et in perpetuum progressura " ; and in 1287 the
Earl of Strathern gave " Starnes filium Thome filii Thore cum tota
sequela sua."
p. 57. Gillemichel the Earl was the son of Constantine, Earl of Fife.
As Gillemichel Macduf he witnessed the charter to Dunfermline,
LXXIV., ante, p. 63, with his father, the Earl. He succeeded to the
Earldom about 1129. As Earl he witnessed charters LXXXIV., p. 69 ;
cm., p. 82, and CLIII., p. 119.
Though G. E. C. (Complete Peerage) says that Earl Gillemichel
died in 1139, he died certainly before 1136, when his son Duncan was
Earl ; and, if we can trust a charter in the Book of Deer, Duncan was
Earl as early as 1131-32.
Earl Gillemichel had a second son, Hugh, whose son, Egius, was a
benefactor to the Priory of St. Andrews.
p. 57. Waldef frater Dolfini. He was the legitimate son of Earl
Gospatric of Northumberland, who settled in Scotland in the reign
of Malcolm III. Waldef seems to have seldom been in Scotland.
His name appears only here and in the possibly spurious list of wit-
nesses to the Inquisitio, p. 46. Waldef acquired from William (brother
of Ranulf Meschin) the barony of Allerdale "inter Wathenpole et
Derwent," and the whole land " inter Cocar et Derwent simul cum
quinque villis scilicet Brigham, Egylysfeld, Dene, Bramthwaite,
Gisothon et duo Cliftons et Stainburne." See infra, p. 327. It is
possible that he became a monk and was Abbot of Croyland. Waldef,
brother of Dolfin, died before 1138, leaving a legitimate son and
heir, Alan, and a daughter, Guynold, who married Uchtred son of
Fergus of Galloway.
p. 57. Maldouenus judex. He was the Maldouenus Mac Ocbeth who
witnessed the great charter to Dunfermline (ante, p. 63), who is called
" Meldoinneth films Machedath judex bonus et discretus" in the report
of the complaint against Sir Robert Burgonensis (ante, p. 67).
Probably he is the Malduuenus Mac Murdac, who was a witness to
CIX., ante, p. 86. All we know of him (and that is much) is that he
was a good and discreet judge.
p. 57. Unyet Albus : see note to Charter XX.
p. 57. Robert Burgeis : see note to Charter LXXX.
LXIX.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 7 a; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 15,
No. 25.
King David, addressing all his liegemen, and especially the ' prae-
positi ' of Perth, announces that he has granted a toft in his burgh of
NOTES LXVIII.-LXX. 319
Perth in alms to the church of Dunfermline. He orders that
the monks be put in possession of that toft which Swain held.
The King gave the Abbey of Dunfermline a dwelling-house in Perth,
No. LXIL, ante, p. 53. The grant of a house in Perth was confirmed,
ante, pp. 61 and 167. Alexander I. gave a 'mansio' in Perth to the
Priory of Scon (ante, p. 29). The Priory of St. Andrews had a toft
there (Reg. Prior. S. And., pp. 148, 214). The abbeys of Aberbrothoc
and Cupar had houses in Perth.
LXX.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 7b; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 17,
No. 32. It is headed " De fugitivis qui vocabantur Cumberlache."
" David, King of Scots, to his faithful in Scotland and in Lothian,
greeting. I order that Cumerlache be quickly restored to the Church
of the Holy Trinity at Dunfermline, and all the slaves whom my
father and mother and my brothers gave to it and their Cumerlache
from the time of King Edgar until now, with all its goods wherever
these may be found, and I forbid that these be unjustly retained."
p. 57. Cumerlache. In the general confirmation by King David
the words of this order are repeated ; and on the margin opposite the
word ' Cumerlache ' is written " . i. fug'itivi."
The words are the same in the charter of confirmation by King
Malcolm IV. ; but in a charter by King William (Reg. de Dunf.,
p. 37, No. 68) there is a variation : " Praecipio firmiter ut ubicunque
monachi de Dunfermelyn aut servientes eorum Cumerbas et Cumer-
lachos suos invenire poterint eos juste habeant," etc.
In a charter to the Priory of Scon (Lib. de Scon, p. 24) : " Mando
et firmiter precipio ut in cujuscunque vestrum terra aut potestate
Abbas de Scon aut ejus serviens invenire poterit cumlawes et cum
herbes ad terras Abbaciae de Scon pertinentes eos juste absque
dilatione habeat. Nullus itaque quemquam ex illis ei injuste detineat
super firmam defensionem meam et forisfacturam meam."
In the charters by Kings Alexander II. and Alexander III. to
Dunfermline the word is " Cumelach."
Graham Dalyell, notes on the Chartulary of Dunfermline, p. 41, said
of Cumerlache : " Whether these were a particular description of bond-
men or acquired that appellation from being fugitives, or whether it
was the surname of a distinct family of bondmen, if surnames were
then generally known, I shall not presume to decide."
Mr. Skene, in an unsatisfactory passage, said (Celt. Scot., 3,
p. 222) : " In the last syllable of the name Cumherbes, or Cumar-
herbe, we can recognise the Irish word ' Orba,' applied to that part of
the tribe territory which had become the private property of the
chiefs ; and this name was no doubt applied to that class of serfs
whose bondage was derived from their possessing servile land. They
were the 'ascripti glebae' of feudal times. The term Cumlawe or
320 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Cumarlawe is simply a translation of the Latin term manutenencia,
which characterized the third class of bondage above described, and
whose tie to their master, being a personal one, led to their frequently
escaping from hard usage and being reclaimed as fugitives."
He added in a footnote : " These names [Cumlawe and Cumarlawe]
seem to be derived from the verb Cum, tene, retine ; and in the one
caseforfia or orba terra, and in the other Cainh, manus with or without
the preposition ar, upon. The word Cum is no doubt the root of the
Irish Cumal, the primary meaning of which was a female slave."
LXXI.
From the Register of the Priory of St. Andrew at Northampton,
Dugdale, Monasticon, v., p. 191.
Grant by King David to the monks of the church of St. Andrew of
Northampton of the tithes of his demesne lands, both of flocks and
fo the fruits of the earth. He confirms their rights in the vill of
Scaldeford, viz. a mill and a ploughgate of land. The monks shall
hold the rest of the land they have there, with the same liberties as
Robert Fitz Violi, the lord of the vill, who had acknowledged before
the King that the monks owed no service to him. The King gives
permission to break up and sow the land called Williges.
p. 58. Scaldeford is a hundred in Leicestershire. In the survey of
1124-1129 (Round's Feudal England, p. 202): " Hundredum de
Scaldeford in eadem villa Rex David XL car. et dim. Ricardus
Basset dim. car." Scaldeford became a part of the barony of Foxton,
held by Vitalis Palfrey, and after him by his son Robert Fitz Violi.
p. 58. Robert filius Vitalis. In the Register of Daventry there is a
pedigree of the family : " Vitalis Palfrey qui venit cum Domino
Willielmo Bastard habuit ex dono ipsiiis Willielmi baroniam de
Foxton, qui genuit Robertum et Robertus, Simonem et Simon,
Ricardum primum," etc. A charter by Robert Filius Violi is in the
Register of the Priory of Daventry: "Universis Sanctae Matris
ecclesiae filiis et Christi fidelibus, clericis et laicis, Francis et Anglis.
Robertus filius Violi, veram in Christo salutem. Notum sit omnibus
vobis dilectissimis, quod tertio anno postea quam Osbertus prior de
Daventre, cum quibusdam monachis suis, dirationaverat apud Leices-
triam in conspectu Alexandri Lincolniensis episcopi, ecclesias totius
terrae meae Foxtune, videlicet Lubeho Guthmundelay Scaldeford,
Bitlisbroc, Braibroc, cum omnibus pertinentiis suis, unde eos injuste
dissaisiveram, poenitentia ductus Daventreiam veni et ecclesiam
Sancti Augustini bono animo et benevolo resaisiavi de ecclesiis prae-
dictis quas antea et donatione mea ab anno quo Anselmus Can-
tuariensis Archiepiscopus mortuus est, habuerat et usque ad annum
regni regis Stephani nonum quo earn investivi inconcusse possederat,
culpam et injustam actionem meam ibidem coram plurimis clericis et
laicis aperte recognovi et veniam a Domino et a Sancto Augustino
quern offenderam postulavi et a monachis quantum in ipsis fuit Dei
Gratia, impetravi. Quapropter vobis, filii Dei et amici charissimi
NOTES LXX.-LXXII. 321
scribo et scribendo enixius supplico quatenus pro Deo amore et
animae nostrae salute eleemosinam nostram ut in ea mecum per Dei
misericordiam participemini, ad utilitatem ecclesiae Daventrensis et
monachorum ibidem Deo servientium ubicunque et in quocunque
poteritis manuteneatis et juvetis : Quia volo oro et desidero et in
quantum mihi licet praecipio quod bene et honorifice teneant libere et
quiete perpetuo possideant. Hujus rei et actionis testes sunt Johannes
capellanus de Daventre, Thomas sacerdos de Norton, Nicholaus
sacerdos de Foxtone, Jordanus filius ipsius Robert filii Violi et multi
alii." (Whalley, Northampt, I., p. 46 ; Nicholls, Leicestershire, vol. 2,
p. 561.)
Simon, son of Robert Fitz Violi, confirmed his father's charter,
adding : " Ecclesia de Scaldeford tres virgatas terre habet et III.
mansuras Dirnanni : scilicet Aswi et Willa Slinge, quae simul . . .
virgatae forinsecus serviunt ; dimidia vero virgata quam ego in
eleemosinam eidem ecclesie dedi in nativitate Ricardi primogeniti
mei, omni modis libera est."
p. 58. Exton, in Rutland, was in the Earldom of Northampton.
It was possessed by Earl David (brother of King William the Lion),
and by the marriage of his daughter Isabella to Robert de Bruce
it became the property of the Bruces, who held it for several genera-
tions, then it passed to Cottons and Culpeppers ; it was sold to Hicks,
and afterwards to Noels. The rectory of Exton was given by a de
Bruce to the Priory of Northampton.
p. 58. Williges. This may be the same as Willa Slinge in Simon's
charter.
p. 58. Gerdelai is Yardley Hastings in Northamptonshire.
p. 58. Michael de Hanesel. : doubtless the same as Michael de
Hamesl., a witness to LVII., p. 51. He and Bruce and Robert
the son of Nigel held of King David in Northamptonshire.
LXXII.
The original charter was in the Panmure Charter Chest. Printed
in Holyrood Charters. Bannatyne Club edition, p. 7, No. 3.
This was granted to the church of St. Cuthbert before the foundation
of the Abbey of Holyrood. Addressing all his liegemen of Lothian,
clerks and laymen, French and English, King David states that he
had granted to the church of St. Cuthbert the land under the castle (of
Edinburgh), from the spring which rises close to the corner of the
King's garden, and along the road which leads to the church and on
the other side under the castle until a road is reached which runs
under the castle to the east.
p. 59. Testibus. Henry the King's son was still a youth not more
than twelve or thirteen years old. Willelmus de Graham was a witness
to several charters : cxxi., p. 93 ; cxxxiv., pp. 101, 103 ; CLIII., p.
119 ; and ccxxx., p. 185. Chalmers (Caledonia, i., p. 545) followed
by Douglas (Peerage, 2, 233) stated that William de Graham had a
x
322 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
grant from David I. of the lands of Abercorn and Dalkeith, but though
Dalkeith belonged to a William de Graham it is uncertain that he was
the William de Graham who lived in King David's time ; certainly
Abercorn did not belong to him, for it was held by the Avenels and
passed to the Grahams on the marriage of Henry de Graham with the
heiress, Roger de Avenel's daughter (Northern Notes and Queries, Vol.
XVIL, p. 87). Thor de Travernent, the son of Swain ; he held the manor
of Tranent in Haddingtonshire, and he was a sheriff. He witnessed
CLX., p. 123. Malbead de Liberton. Liberton is a parish near Edin-
burgh. Malbead held a considerable estate there in King David's reign
(Chal., Caled., 2, p. 789). He witnessed a charter to Holyrood, CLX.,
ante, p. 123, and a charter to Newbattle, CXLVIIL, ante, p. 114.
He was one of those who perambulated the land of Clerkington,
cxxxiv. and cxxxv., ante, pp. 101, 103.
LXXIII.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham with a seal " Episcopus
in pontificalibus nudato capite, sinistra baculum pastorale, dextra
benedicens. X Sigillum Roberti Epi. Scottorum."
Printed in Anderson's Diplomata, facsimile ; Raine, N. Durham,
App., p. 81, No. CCCCXLVi. ; National MSS. of Scotland with fac-
simile ; Stevenson's Illustrations, n, 12.
Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, addressing all the faithful to mother
church, lay and clerics, announces that in presence of King David, of
the Archbishop of York, the Bishops of Durham and Glasgow, the
Abbot of St. Albans, and others, he had summoned Algar, Prior of
Durham, before the door of the church of St. John the Evangelist in
Roxburgh, and had there acknowledged that the church of Coldingham
was free from claim, custom, can, or conveth, and from all services by
or to the Bishops of St. Andrews.
This proves that the Bishop of St. Andrews was consecrated on or
before the I7th of July, 1127. One of the first acts of the Bishop was
to declare that the church of Coldingham, which belonged to Durham,
was free from service to the Bishops of St. Andrews.
p. 60. Ranulf, Bishop of Durham, A.D. 1099-1128.
Gaufrid de Gorram was the sixteenth abbot of St. Albans.
1118-1146. (Twysden, 503, 509.)
Cana, delivery of produce, animals, poultry, etc., as part of the
rent by tenants or of the dues by a vassal to his superior.
Conveth was a Celtic duty paid to ecclesiastical superiors ;
allied to convectum (i Chal., Cal., 447). It "was the Irish Coin-
medha or Coigny, derived, according to O'Donovan, from Coinmhe
which signifies feast or refection. It was the Dovraeth of the Welsh
laws and was founded upon the original right which the leaders in the
tribe had, to be supported by their followers. It came to signify
a night's meal or refection given by the occupiers of the land to their
NOTES LXXII.-LXXIV. 323
superior when passing through his territory, which was exigible four
times a year. ..." See Holyrood Charters, p. 61 ; Regist. Morav.,
p. 8 ; Reg. Prior. St. And., p. 238.
p. 60. Sancti Kentigerni Martyris, a clerical error for St. Kenelmi,
whose festival was on the I7th of August.
Testibus : Blehanus, priest of Litun, probably a mistake for
Ayton. Adulf, priest of Aldehamstoc, a parish in Haddingtonshire.
Henry, priest of Leinhale — Leinhale was the old name of Coldstream.
Orm, priest of Edenham — Ednam. John, priest of Lidgardeswood —
Legerwood in Berwickshire. Godwin dapifero, probably 'meo' is
omitted. Godwino camerario meo. Did the writer make a mistake,
had the Bishop a dapifer and a camerarius both called Godwin?
Balsan, probably ' de Prendegest.'
LXXIV.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 8 a ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. I,
No. i ; i Act. Parl. Scot., p. 359. The last sentence in the Register
from ' Amen Fiat . . . Capellanis ' was reproduced in facsimile, p. 4
of the Bannatyne Club edition.
This is a general confirmation by King David of his grants and of
those of his predecessors to the church of Dunfermline. Probably it
was granted when Geoffrey, the first Abbot, was consecrated by the
Bishop of St. Andrews in 1 128. That was almost the only occasion on
which so large a number of Prelates and Earls and great Barons were
likely to have met at the Abbey of Dunfermline. It was suggested by
the editor of the Acts of the Scottish Parliament that this confirmation
was approved at a Parliament or Council by the King, Queen,
and the King's son, Bishops, Earls, and Barons, "clero etiam
acquiescente et populo," but there is no evidence that in the reign
of King David there were recognised " estates of the realm " which
were wont to meet to legislate or to confirm the acts and grants of the
King. In this charter little is granted with which the estates of
the realm had concern. The King and his predecessors had conferred
lands and rights which belonged to the Crown, and which hardly
touched the rights of subjects.
I am not satisfied that the charter in its present state is genuine.
It seems to me to have been revised and added to by some monk
vigilant to increase the property of the church.
p. 61. Ecclesia S. Trinitatis. There must have been a church at
Dunfermline in old times attached to the castle, but it probably
was mean and small and served by priests of the Scottish
church. Shortly after her marriage Queen Margaret caused a church
to be built, which was dedicated to the Holy Trinity, in which she
placed Benedictine monks, possibly under the supervision of Goldwin
and the two brethren whom Archbishop Lanfranc sent to Scotland at
324 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
the Queen's request. In the beginning of the reign of King David
the Priory was enlarged; in 1128 it became an Abbey with an abbot
and twelve monks from Canterbury.
p. 6 1. Patris atque matris meae. This is the earliest authentic record
of the grants by Malcolm and his queen to the church of Dunfermline.
If these grants were in writing the charters have perished. No. x.,
ante, p. 8, is spurious, composed long afterwards from the material
furnished by this confirmation by King David. The lands granted by
King Malcolm and Queen Margaret lay for the most part in the west
of Fifeshire, in the neighbourhood of Dunfermline. Inveresk Minor
was the nucleus of what afterwards became a considerable estate
in Lothian, propono should be praepono. Pardusin, Pardew, alias
Broomhill, near Dunfermline, which shortly before the Reformation
was feued by the abbey to James Murray (Reg. Dunf, p. 381).
Pethnaurcha appears in the confirmations of Kings Malcolm IV.,
William the Lion, Alexander II. and III., and in a Bull by Pope
Alexander III. Petcorthin, Pitcorthy, near Dunfermline ; it remained
the property of the abbey till the Reformation, when it yielded
£17 6s. 8d. rent and 10 bolls teind beir. It was feued to the Drurys.
Petbachelin, near Dunfermline. In 1235 Constantinus of Lochor
acknowledged he had no right to it (Reg. Dunf., p. 101). Marjory
of Petbachly of that ilk died and her heir sold half of the land to the
abbey in 1456 (ib. pp. 340-345); at the Reformation it was feued to
Wardlaws. Lauer appears in the confirmations by later kings.
Bolgin, see ante, p. 232. Schiram de Kircalethyn, Kirkcaldy in Fife-
shire. Earl Constantine for some time deprived the abbey of this
shire (Reg. Dunf., p. 16). Kirkcaldy was afterwards made a burgh,
from which, and from lands and saltpans in the parish, the Abbey of
Dunfermline drew rents.
Duncan patris : a clerical error for Duncani fratris. It is very
interesting to find that Duncan during his brief and precarious
reign of six months gave, lands near Dunfermline, to the church
founded by his father. No written grant of it has been preserved. The
church of Dunfermline was more fortunate than the church of Durham,
for while Duncan's grant to the latter, of land in East Lothian proved
ineffectual, the church of Dunfermline retained rights in the two
Luskers until the Reformation.
Edgaris patris mei : clerical error for Edgari fratris. His charter
has not been preserved. Schiram de Gellald : it was a grange of
the abbey. David II. gave leave to the abbey to make a port either
at Gellald or at Wester Rossyth. (Reg. Dunf, p. 270.)
Ethelredi : Ethelred, son of Malcolm III. Pope Gregory IX. said :
" E. frater clarae memoriae Davidis Regis Scotiae villam de Hales
cum pertinentiis suis pia liberalitate monasterio donasset" (Reg.
Dunf., p. 173). Hale : Hailes, in the barony of Musselburgh and shire
of Edinburgh. Abbot Archibald de Douglas, who died 1198, sold
Hailes to Thomas of Lestalrig (Reg. Dunf., p. 190). A later abbot
revoked the sale, and the land was confirmed to the abbey by Pope
Honorius III. in 1226 and again by Pope Gregory IX. in 1233. But
the Lestalrigs kept it ; in 1226 Thomas de Lestalrig agreed with the
parson of Hailes about a mill dam (Reg. Dunf, p. 135); and in
NOTES LXXIV. 325
1284 the Court of the abbey at Musselburgh decided that Symon, the
son and heir of Sir John of Lestalrig, should hold Hailes of the abbey
for his life (Reg. Dunf., p. 147). In 1448, on the resignation of Logan
of Lestalrig, the abbey sold Easter and Wester Hailes to Sir William
de Crichton of that ilk (Reg. de Dunf., p. 287). The abbey held the
church ' in proprios usus ' (Reg. de Dunf., p. 62).
p. 61. Dona Alexandri Regis fratris mei : King Alexander I., 1107-
1 123. Duninad is mentioned in King David's second charter (cc.) and
in King Malcolm's confirmation. It is omitted in the subsequent con-
firmations by William, Alexander II., Alexander III., and Pope
Alexander III., and its place is taken by "Primrose," which is a land
in Dunfermline (p. 425). Schiram de Gatemilc is in Kinglassie
parish. It continued the property of the abbey till the Reformation.
Petconmarthin, afterwards called Petconmerk, is now a part of the
Raith estate (Reg. de Dunf., pp. 370, 491, 496, 562). Balekerin
et Drumbernin : the last time these lands are mentioned in the Regis-
trum is in a confirmation by King Alexander III. in 1276. Keeth,
part of Humble, in Haddingtonshire (Reg. de Dunf., pp. 68, 96, 97,
1 06).
Sibillae Reginae, the wife of Alexander I. Beeth : in the
parish of Dunfermline, where coal was afterwards worked for the
abbey, was subdivided into many farms — Bayth Murton, Bayth
Stewart, Bayth Keir, Bayth Trimbill. Wester Baith, Nether Bayth,
and Bayth under the hill, are also mentioned (Reg. Dunf., pp. 425,
426). Seyer de Quincy gave Beeth Waldef (id. pp. 36, 52, 90) ;
Malcolm de Moravia gave Wester Beeth (ib. pp. 54, 120, 121, 122) ;
Alexander de Seton gave Beeth Fleming (ib. p. 101).
Dona denique propria. King David added to the gifts of his
father and brothers by granting a part of Dunfermline, the part of
Kinghorn which lay near Dunfermline, Foeth, the greater Inveresk
with the mill and fishings, dwellings in Berwick, Edinburgh, Stirling,
Dunfermline, and Perth, the church of the burgh of Perth, and a rent
of one hundred shillings from England.
Dunfermlin citra aquam. This seems to give the land on which the
church was built ; probably until then it was Crown land, in qua
ecclesia : ' eadem ' has been omitted ; a clerical error. Kinghorn : a
parish and burgh on the coast of Fife. The church belonged to the
Abbey of Dunfermline (Reg. Dunf., pp. 58, 59, etc.) ; the abbey
had a toft in the burgh (ib. p. 32). Foeth : a land in Dunfermline
parish (Reg. de Dunf., p. 426). Inveresk major, etc. : see note to
LXXIX.
Ecclesia burgi de Perth. This was the church of St. John
the Baptist, to which King Malcolm IV. granted a fishery (Reg.
de Dunf., p. 24). The abbey did not treat the vicars sufficiently
generously, and the Bishop of St. Andrews had to interfere in 1237
(ib. p. 64). In 1440 the abbey and the community of the burgh made
certain agreements regarding the church (ib. pp. 291, 293, 294, 298,
299). The church remained the property of the abbey till the
Reformation. Inveresc major : this was Musselburgh, which in after
years was the seat of one of the principal Courts of the abbey, and the
town and port of a large barony belonging to the abbey, redditum
326 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
centum solidorum in Anglia. This is not repeated in later charters.
It is not stated from what land in England the loos, were to be paid.
I suspect that this is an unauthorised addition by the transcriber.
p. 62. Defensio regni mei excepta. The men on these lands were
not exempted from the duty to defend the kingdom. They must,
when called on, join the army. Justicia regali. An appeal and the
right of the King to remove a cause from the Abbot's court, if it
appeared that justice had not been done, were reserved.
octavam partem de omnibus placitis et querelis meis de Fif
et de Fotherif. This was repeated and confirmed by successive
kings (Reg. de Dunf, pp. 20, 29, 41, 47, 152). In early days the fines
imposed on offenders were divided between the Court which tried the
offender, the person who had been injured, and the King or Earl. In
the King's Courts, and in other Courts when these dealt with Pleas of
the Crown, two-thirds of the fines were paid to the King and one-third
to the Earl. In A.D. 1126 and 1230 Alexander II. ordered his sheriff
"quatenus Abbati de Dunfermlyn faciatis habere octavam partem
quam eum contingit de lucris et finibus quae ad opus nostrum in
baillia tua adquiretis " (Reg. de Dunf., p. 44, Nos. 78, 79). In 1339
the Justiciar north of the Forth ordered the Sheriff of Fife to pay to
the abbey the eighth part of the fines of Fife and Fothrif (ib. p. 259).
In 1449, decree by the Lords' Auditors and King's Council in favour
of the abbey for the eighth penny (ib. pp. 310, 311).
Other abbeys had similar grants ; Holyrood had a tithe of the
pleas and profits of Courts from Avon to Coldbrandspeth, and half of
the pleas of Kintyre and 'de ErrogeilP (Holyrood Charter, pp. 5, 6).
King David gave to the church of Glasgow the eighth penny of the
King's pleas in Cumbria (cxxvi., p. 96). The Priory of Urquhart had
a tithe of the pleas of Argyle (Reg. Morav., p. 205).
Can . . . praebendae : payment of rent or in kind, i.e. pigs, fowls,
cheese, etc., and in grain. Venationum : a tithe of the deer and
game brought to Dunfermline.
medietatem coriorum. This is one of many grants to monas-
teries of the surplus of the King's kitchen. The King's apartments
were either in, or not far from, the abbey, and it was right to give
to the abbey share of the provisions consumed, nor were the monks of
Dunfermline to be forgotten when feasts were held at Stirling, and
between Forth and Tay. Can of a ship, see note to XLVIII.
Seliches: seals caught on the shores of the Firth of Forth at
Kinghorn. After a tenth was taken, every seventh seal of the remain-
ing nine was to be given to Dunfermline. Also a tithe of the salt and
iron brought to Dunfermline for the King's use.
Siquis : this is an elaborate example of the clause, see note to xxiv.
p. 63. Testes et assertores, Ed. Conies, probably " Head " Comes,
ante, p. 77, but who he was I do not know. Constantinus Comes, of
Fife, see note, 246. Malise Comes (Strathern), Rotheri Comes,
Madach Comes, see notes to xxxvi. Gillemichel Macduf, note to
xxxv. Herbert the Chancellor, note to LXVII. Hugo de Moreville,
note to xxxii. Robert Corbet, note to xxxv. Robert de Monte
Acuto, a witness to the foundation charter of Holyrood, ante, p. 119.
He is the only member of the great English house of Montagu who
NOTES LXXIV.-LXXV. 327
appears in Scottish records of the [time of David '-I. Uniet Albus,
note to XX. Maldouenus, note to LXVIII. Maldounus de Scona (vice-
comes de Scon). He was a witness, pp. 77, 86. Gillepatric Mac
Impethin. He may be of the same family as Gilcolm Mac Chimpethin
(Reg. Dunf., pp. 7, 8)
p. 63. Alwyn Mac Arkil. It has been stated by many genealogists
that he was a noble Northumbrian. He is often called Alwyn films
Archil, but the frequency with which he is styled ' Mac Arkil ' makes it
probable that he was a Scottish Celt. He appears as a witness (ante,
pp. 82, 86, 96, 98, 120, 122, 129, 138, 171, 179, 182, 195). It is doubtful
whether he was the ancestor of the Earls of Lennox.
Edwardus filius Siwardi. The question whether this be Edward
the Constable and who Siward was has been discussed in the note to
the foundation charter of Scon.
LXXV.
In the Reg. Alb. Ebor., P. ill., fol. 57. Printed in Dugdale's Monast,
vi., Hi., p. 1187 ; No. LIU. ; 2 Concil., 215.
King David announces that Thurstan, Archbishop of York, had
consecrated Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, without profession of
obedience, saving the claim of York and justice to St. Andrews.
The continuator of Florence of Worcester (an. 1128) writes:
"Thurstanus Eboracensis Archiepiscopus, Rodbertum, quern Alexander
Rex Scotiae Ecclesiae Sancti Andreae intruserat, petente David fratre
ac successore Alexandri in Episcopum Eboraci consecravit ; in quo
officio Rannulfum Dunholmensem episcopum et quendam Ranulfum
ad Orcadas insulas jam olim in Episcopum ordinatum sibi adjutores
asciverat. . . . Ab his itaque Rotbertus consecratus nullam ut dicitur
professionem de quavis subjectione vel obedientia Ecclesiae Ebora-
censi aut ejus pontifici facere permissus a Scottis est, licet Eboracensis
canonicus erat" (Ed. Thorpe, n, 89 ; Legend St. And. ; Skene, Chron.
Pict. and Scot., p. 191 ; Fordun, Supp., vi., 24.)
p. 64. Testibus : Ranulf, Bishop of Durham, A.D. 1099-1128. Radulf,
Bishop of the Orkneys. Gaufrid, the third Abbot of York for a year
and six months ; he died 1132. Herbert, Abbot of Roxburgh (Kelso),
1128-1147. Wold, Abbot of Croyland, Waldeve or Wlfretelus. Wal-
deve was Abbot of Croyland from 1 124 till 1 138, when he was deposed
by Alberic the Legate. Ordericus Vitalis (vol. n., p. 289) says that
Waldef was the brother of " Gospatric de magna nobilitate Anglorum."
M. Prevost in a note, vol. IV., p. 428 : " Nous pensons que . . .
Waltheof etait frere de Cospatric, comte de Dunbar en Ecosse.
Voyez sur ce dernier personnage le Monas. Anglican, t. I., p. 400.
Ce Cospatrick ou Cospatric posse'dait de grandes propriete's dans
1'Yorkshire. Lui et son frere etait probablement fils de Cospatrick
Comte de Northumberland en 1069. II fut depose en 1138 par le
legat Alberic." Waldeve, son of Gospatric and brother of Dolfin
328 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
and Gospatric, obtained Allerdale and other lands in Cumber-
land ; he married and had children. It is possible that he became a
monk in Croyland Abbey and was abbot for the fourteen years between
1124 and 1138 (see ante, p. 318). Adelof Prior Sconensi — the writer
has omitted some words — Adelwald was Prior of St. Oswald's at
Nostell. Nicolas was Prior of Scone. Gaulterus de Gaunt. Ailred,
De bello Standardi (Twysden, 337) describes him : " Waltherus
quoque de Garit morti jam ultima senectute vicinus, vir mansuetus at
pius qui et ipse valdissimam manum de Flandrensibus et Normannis
adducens tarn sapientia quam pondere sermonum reliquam multitu-
dinem plurimum animavit." Roger de Eummers, same as Roger
Coyneres in No. LXXVI.
LXXVI.
MS. Cott. Titus A., XIX. Printed by Wharton, A. S., n., p. 237.
2 ConciL, p. 215.
Declaration by the Archbishop of York that he had consecrated the
Bishop of St. Andrews "sine professione et obedientia." It is almost
identical with the preceding declaration by King David. It shows
how easily transcribers of charters made mistakes in copying the
names of witnesses.
LXXVI I.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 7 a ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 12,
No. 17.
The King informs Malbride Mac Congi that he has granted to the
Church of the Holy Trinity at Dunfermline the tithe of his house at
Perth. The King gave a tenth of the provisions brought to his
house at Perth on a special occasion, probably a feast to which the
King was going. In the great charter King David confirmed to
Dunfermline the right to half the hides and fat, of all beasts killed for
feasts held at Stirling, and between Forth and Tay.
p. 65. Malbride Mac Congi : the King's steward at Perth. If, as is
likely, he could speak Gaelic only, one would think that instructions
to him would have been in Gaelic. Possibly this is a translation.
p. 65. Uniet Albus was a frequent witness to David's charters. He
may have been one of the King's household, whose duty it was to give
orders to the steward at Perth.
LXXVIII.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 7 b ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 16,
No. 28.
King David informs all his lieges that he has granted to the church
of Dunfermline, in alms, a tithe of the gold which may come to him
from Fife and Fothrif.
NOTES LXXV.-LXXX. 329
p. 65. Fothris is a clerical error for Fothrif.
p. 65. Auro. Mr. Dalyell, p. 30, says : " Whence it has been con-
jectured that gold was formerly found in these districts. It is possible,
nevertheless, that it may infer the King's rents or revenues."
p. 65. Testibus. The list is carelessly transcribed. The name of
the Chancellor is omitted, probably Herbert. John the Bishop : his
name should have preceded the other two.
Elbotle, with an island in the Forth (now called Fidra), was a barony
in the parish of Dirleton, East Lothian. Elbotle, on the mainland,
was an old residence of the Scottish kings, and continued to be used
till the reign of Malcolm IV., who granted a charter there (Reg. Prior.
S. A., p. 201). The castle was called the 'old' castle as early as
A.D. 1 220. On the island there was a hermitage.
About A.D. 1220 William de Vallibus, Lord of Dirleton, gave the
island to the Abbey of Dryburgh, and the church of St. Nicholas on
the isle became a cell where the canons of Dryburgh served (Reg.
Dryb., pp. 15, 16, 73, 74, 75). Twenty years later Alexander de
Vallibus "considerans imminentia pericula temporum quam pre-
sentium quam futurorum," released the Abbey of Dryburgh from the
obligation of having a chantry on the island ; and, instead of it, one
canon was to serve and celebrate at Stotfold, and another in the abbey
church of Dryburgh, for the souls of the ancestors and successors of
the de Vallibus (Reg. Dryb., p. 237, No. 289). Elbotle belonged after-
wards to the Homes, and passed to Erskines and Forrests. About the
end of the seventeenth century it became the property of the Nisbets
of Dirleton, in whose possession it now is.
LXXIX.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 17, No. 30.
King David grants to the Church of the Holy Trinity at Dunfermline
the church of Inveresk, reserving the liferent of Nicolas, the priest.
p. 66. Inveresk is a parish to the east of Edinburgh, on the Forth.
Inveresk minor was given to the church of Dunfermline by Malcolm
III. David I. added Inveresk major, with the mill and fishings. He
now gives the church, which apparently was a rectory held by Nicolas.
The right of the abbey to this church was confirmed by successive
kings of Scotland, and by the Pope, and by the Bishop and Chapter of
St. Andrews, in which diocese Inveresk lay (Reg. Dunf., pp. 19, 28, 40,
44, 46, 56, 57, 63, 66, 8 1, 154, 157, 321). At the Reformation the tithe
of Inveresk was let for ,£53 6s. 8d.
LXXX.
Registrum Prioratus S. Andreae, fol. 52 a ; Bannatyne Club edition,
p. 117. 2 Concil., p. 209 ; Reeves' Culdees, p. 129.
It is headed in the register : " Perambulatio inter terras de Kyrk-
ness et Lochore" ; but that is not a correct title. Nothing is said in
this of a perambulation, which, however, may have followed the decree.
330 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
It is a contemporary unofficial record of the trial of a complaint
made to the King by the Keledei of St. Serf's that Sir Robert Bur-
gonensis had taken possession of a part of the lands of Kirkness. The
King ordered a trial.
p. 66. Robertas Burgonensis miles. Sir Robert was a frequent
witness to charters in the earlier years of King David's reign. M.
Merlet suggests that he was the " Seigneur de Sable ' troisieme fils d'un
autre Robert de Bourgignon Seigneur de Sable qui s'etait croise ' en
1096."
Kirkness, originally granted to St. Serf's by Macbeth, and
afterwards by Malcolm III. and Queen Margaret. Reeves (Culdees,
E. 129) suggested that Lochore belonged to Sir Robert, and that he
ad wrongfully taken a fourth of Kirkness as part of his land.
Fyf et Fothrithi. These two territories comprised the present
counties of Fife and Kinross, and their respective boundaries are
shown by the distribution of the parishes in the old Deaneries of Fife
and Fothri (Reg. St. And., pp. 32, 33; Reeves' Culdees, p. 129). Kirk-
ness was in Fothri.
in unum locum. The writer does not say where, possibly Dal-
ginch (near Markinch), which was the head place of the earldom
of Fife.
p. 67. Satrapa : " Chartam ./Ethelredi regis Angliae post Duces
subscribunt aliquot viri nobiles, cum hoc titulo, Satrapa regis. Quae
appellatio eadem est forte quae ministri" (Du Cange). Satelles :
Vasallus minoris dignitatis. Exercitus de Fyf. The writer exagger-
ates the importance of the Earl, The 'exercitus' probably consisted
of those who held land in the Earldom on the tenure of military service.
Macbeath thaynetum de Falkland. Macbeath doubtless originally
the name of an individual, 'the son of Beth,' became a sur-
name. Mr. Skene recognises Falkland as a thanedom (i Celt. Scot,
268). It was afterwards a forest and a residence of the kings.
Primicerii : " Primus cujusque ordinis, dignitas militaris tribuni digni-
tate proxima" (D'Arnis).
Lumnarchas. Dr. Reeves suggests that this stands for Mimen-
archas.' Limenarcha was a port officer ; " qui portubus praeest "
"commandant du port" (D'Arnis). Exercitus episcopi : probably the
Bishop's tenants. Soen, ducem . . . cum familia sua : some words are
omitted in the Register.
Dufgal filium Mocche : Dr. Reeves (Culdees, p. 130) says: "He
resembles old Dubhgall of Scone, who is mentioned in the Irish tract
on the men of Alba preserved in the Book of Ballynote and MacFirbis
Genealogical MS. Old Dubhgall was father of Raingee, whose son
Aiscdhe was a progenitor of the Clann Considhe in Bib in Fife. But
he occurs far too high in the pedigree, to admit of his being contem-
porary with King David. See the genealogical table of the Dalriadie
kings in Reeves' St. Columba, opposite p. 458."
Meldoinneth filium Machedath. Reeves' Culdees, p. 130, suggests
that this is a corruption of Meldomnach. In other charters
NOTES LXXX.-LXXXII. 331
he is styled Maldouen Mac Oebeth and Maledoun, son of Macbeth,
and ' Maldouen judex.'
p. 67. Duftah sacerdos et abbas. Probably a Culdee abbot of St.
Serfs.
Douinalde nepos Leod. Reeves' Culdees, p. 130: "Mr. Innes,
finding in the Reg. of Dunfermline, a Leod Abbas de Brechin
among the lay witnesses to a charter by King David (No. 3, p. 8) and
Leod de Brechin similarly placed in the Register of St. Andrews,
p. 182, and further meeting with Dovinalde nepos Leod in a composi-
tion under King David (ib. p. 118), connected them with Dovenald
Abbas de Brechyn (in 1212 Reg. Vet. de Aberb., No. 74), and con-
structed a conjectural succession thus : Leod, Abbot of Brechin, father
of Samson, father of Dovenald, Abbot of Brechin. But Dovenald,
grandson of Leod, was a cleric and juror in an arbitration at Fife, with
which he was locally connected before 1130, whereas Leod of Brechin
was his contemporary, and the Dovenald (of Arbroath, 74) makes his
grant 70 years later."
Isti sunt clerici. Whether these were witnesses or compurgators
is doubtful ; if compurgators, they swore to the truth and justice
of the complainant's case.
LXXXI.
The original was in the Panmure Charter Chest. It was printed with
a facsimile in the Bannatyne Club edition of the Holyrood charters,
p. u, No. 10.
Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, announces that he has confirmed to
the abbot and canons of Holyrood the grant which Leuing made of
the church of his ' vill,' saving the rights of the see of St. Andrews.
I suggested the date circa 1128, but it now seems to me that it is of
the same date as No. CCLVI., ante, p. 205, which I have assigned to
the last years of David's reign, 1150-1153. The charter by Leuing
to Holyrood has not been preserved.
p. 68. Villa de Leuing, Livingston, a parish in Linlithgowshire of
5360 acres, Leuing was succeeded by his son Thurstinus and he
by his son Alexander, the Livingstones of that ilk held the land for
many generations. It now belongs to the Earl of Rosebery.
Testibus, T. Archidiaconus is Thoraldus the archdeacon of
Lothian. A. decano is Aiulfus the Dean. He is a witness, ante, pp.
149, 166, 175, 184, 186, 206, 211, 214. Magister Thomas, W. Capel-
lanus, Magister H., were witnesses to charter, ante, p. 205. R. de
Boilestunea is Radulf of Boilestune, ante, p. 209.
LXXXII.
Liber de Calchou, fol. 161 ; Bannatyne Club edition, No. 443.
The Registrum Cartarum de Kelso is a MS. in the Library of the
Faculty of Advocates, written in the first quarter of the fourteenth
century.
332 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
The Bishop of St. Andrews grants to the Abbey of Kelso, the church
of St. Mary at Kelso and allows the abbot and convent to get
' crisma ' and oil and ordination from any Bishop in Scotland or in
Cumbria; The date must be between 1127 when Bishop Robert was
consecrated and 1131 when Queen Matilda died, probably it was
granted in 1128 on the day when the abbey church was founded, in
presence of the King and Queen and their son and the Bishops of
St. Andrews and Glasgow, an Archdeacon, two Priors, etc.
p. 68. Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews. The maps prepared for Mr.
Innes in " Scotland in the Middle Ages" and for Mr. Skene represent
Kelso as in the diocese of Glasgow,, but it lay within the diocese of St.
Andrews, the Tweed forming the boundary.
Crisma, i.e. "Oleum quod in ecclesia consecratur, Duplex est ;
aliud enim oleo et balsamo conficitur . . . et eo unguntur qui baptizan-
tur, in vertice et qui confirmantur, in fronte, denique qui ordinantur ;
Alterum verum est simplex oleum ab Episcopo consecratum quo
unguntur Catechumeni in pectore et scapulis et in fronte, antequam
abluantur. Infirmi quoque et energumeni eodem oleo unguntur" (Du
Cange). All our abbeys were not equally free to select their Bishop.
Pope Innocent, in the time of Alexander III., in confirming the
privileges of the Abbey of Scon, required it to receive the crisma and
oleum, the consecration of altars and churches and the ordination of
clerics from their own diocesan Bishop (Lib. de Scon, p. 76).
Adelulfus, Prior of St. Oswald's from 1128-1133 when he was
appointed the first Bishop of Carlisle. The other witnesses have been
already noticed.
LXXXIII.
In the Registrum Epis. Glasguensis ; Maitland Club edition, p. 9,
No. 4.
It was granted before Queen Matilda's death in 1131. King
David states that he had granted to the church of St. John in the
castle of Roxburgh a ploughgate in his demesne of Roxburgh and
a full toft and a ' maisura ' within the castle and all the offerings
of those who dwell within the castle ; he orders that one of his chaplains
shall have a fourth of the offerings made by the King and his family
whenever he is in the castle and a tithe of his brushwood (virgulti) and
of the fat of beasts killed when he is in Teviotdale. All these are
given in free alms. This was confirmed by Earl Henry, by King
Malcolm IV., and by several Popes and Bishops of Glasgow.
p. 69. The Castle of Roxburgh was an old residence of the Scottish
Kings ; round it was the burgh, which was a place of importance until
the middle of the fifteenth century, after which it decayed ; it is now
entirely demolished.
p. 69. Deciraam pattern. This is another instance of a grant of
NOTES LXXXII.-LXXXIV. 333
a share of the surplus of the royal kitchen when the King was
in residence in the neighbourhood of a monastery.
p. 69. Waldef filio Reginae, the younger son of Queen Matilda by
her first marriage to Simon de St. Liz. " A life of Waltheof contain-
ing many marvellous stories, was written, about fifty years after his
decease, in a continued strain of eulogy, by Josceline, a monk of
Furness." " His stepfather, by whom he was much beloved, took him
to Scotland in 1124, . . . there he completed his education along with
his friend Ailred, afterwards Abbot of Rievalle. ... He resolved to
embrace the monastic life . . . retired to the convent of St. Oswald's
at Nostell where he was admitted into the order of Canons Regular of
St. Augustine. While he held the office of sacristan in that monastery
he was called by the unanimous voice of the canons in Kirkham to be
their Prior. . . . The excellent order and discipline maintained at
Kirkham . . . brought the virtues of Waltheof's character so much
into notice that when the see of York was vacant the clergy
would have elected him Archbishop if they had not been pre-
vented by King Stephen. . . . (Waltheof) resigned the Priorship
and retired into the Cistercian convent at Warden in Bedford-
shire, where he began his novitiate in that order greatly to the
displeasure of his brother Simon, Earl of Northampton, who . . .
endeavoured ... to deter him from it. ... Waltheof removed to
the monastery at Rievalle. He continued at Rievalle till the year
1148 when he was elected Abbot of Melros. . . . Upon the death of
Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, in 1159, Waltheof was unanimously
fixed upon to succeed him ; but he declined. He died in August,
1159, and was buried in the Chapter House at Melrose."
LXXXIV.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 7b ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 17,
No. 31.
King David grants to the church of Dunfermline and the monks
serving there exemption and freedom from all work on castles and
bridges and other like work.
Malcolm IV. repeated this (Reg. Dunf., p. 27) with the addition
"quare prohibeo ne ab illis exigatur nisi abbas et monachi spon-
tanea voluntate illud facere voluerint." Kings William and Alex-
ander II. and III. (pp. 30, 42, 48) confirmed it as a privilege
granted by King Malcolm IV. King William : " Sciatis quod quando
firmare feci castella mea in Ros. homines abbatis et monachorum
de Dunfermelyn ad petitionem meam de bona voluntate sua operati
sunt cum a-liis probis hominibus meis ad eadem castella firmanda.
Quare volo et precipio quatenus hoc quod ilia vice ad petitionem
meam inde fecerunt non trahatur in exemplum quare aliud in posterum
in talibus facere debeant qiiam fecerunt tempore meo et temporibus
antecessorum meorum ..." (id. p. 32). It is probable that the
liability to repair castles and bridges was laid on all lands in Scot-
334 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
land in early times. In the notitia of a grant of Kirkness by
Macbeth and Gruoche, King and Queen, occur the words "sine
refectione pontis," but similar exemptions are rare.
p. 70. Strathyrewen in Galwegia. This cannot, I think, be Irvine in
Ayrshire. I am not able to identify the place.
LXXXV.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 7 a ; Bannatyne Club edition,
p. 13, No. 18. Granted before 1128, when the monastery buildings
were still incomplete, probably at the same time as No. LXXXIV.
This is addressed to Constantine and to the men of the church of
Dunfermline who seem to have refused to render to the church its dues
and to have hindered the building of the monastery. It orders the
King's ' praepositus,' Swain, not to suffer this neglect ; he must assist
the Prior so that the church may get from its tenants as much as the
King gets from his men.
LXXXVI.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 6 c ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 10,
No. 8.
Mandate to the Sheriff and 'praepositi' of Stirling to pay to
the Abbot of Dunfermline a tithe of the pennies of the King's census of
Stirling, to be paid as the pennies come in. Granted after A.D. 1128
when Dunfermline became an abbey. King David gave 2os. from the
rent of Stirling to the Abbey of Holyrood (ante, p. 117) and 403. from
the same rent to the Abbey of Cumbuskenneth (pp. 140, 142).
LXXXVI I.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 6 b ; Bannatyne Club edition,
p. n, No. 13.
David, King of the Scots, to all the liegemen of his realm, greeting.
Know that I have given and granted to God and to the church of the
Holy Trinity at Dunfermline and to the Abbot and monks serving God
there all rights from all ships which touch at the port of Inveresk and
anchor on their land, reserving my toll, if the merchants of the ships
sell their goods there or if they buy other goods within my land to take
with them.
p. 72. Testibus. Thor son of Swain (ante, pp. 175, 186) is Thor de
Travernent (ante, pp. 59, 123) and probably Thor vicecomes (ante,
pp. 122, 164).
NOTES LXXXIV.-XC. 335
LXXXVIII.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 6 b ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 12,
No. 14.
David the King, addressing all his liegemen, states that he has
exempted from all the King's customs the ship of the Abbot of
Dunfermline and all that it contains.
This seems to be an order relating to the arrival and clearance of a
particular ship. It did not apply to all their ships in future.
LXXXIX.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham. The seal is missing.
Printed in Raine, N. Durham, App. 4, No. xvn.
King David states that, in his presence at Roxburgh, the Bishop of
St. Andrews had summoned Algar, Prior, and Roger, sub- Prior of
Durham, before the door of the church of St. John the Evangelist
at Roxburgh and had declared that he had no claim on the church
of Coldingham and conceded that it should be free from all custom
and service, save only obedience to the Bishop. The King added his
confirmation.
This refers to the concession by the Bishop of St. Andrews (No.
LXXIII., ante, p. 59). The confirmation by the King followed soon
after. This should have been printed next after No. LXXIII.
p. 73. Testibus. The witnesses have been noticed in previous
notes.
XC.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham. Raine, N. Durham,
App., p. 4, No. XIV.
It was granted probably on the same day as No. LXXXIX. The
witnesses are the same. There had been a dispute as to the boundary
between the lands of Coldingham and of Bonkyl, and the King himself
'cum probis hominibus' perambulated the bounds from Middlehead
by Mereburnhead towards the west as far as Crachoctre and then by
the same road to Eiford. The King declares these to be the true
marches.
p. 73. Bonkyl is now called Buncle, a parish in Berwickshire to the
S.W. of Coldingham. Bonkyl belonged to the Bonkyls of that ilk.
The daughter and heiress of Sir Alexander de Bonkyl (circa A.D. 1288)
married Sir John Stewart ; their descendants the Earls of Angus held
Bonkyl, and from them, the lands have descended to the Earl of
Home.
336 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
XCI.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 6 b ; Bannatyne Club edition,
p. n, No. 12.
King David, addressing all his liegemen of Lothian, announces that
he has granted to the church of Dunfermline a plough gate of arable
land in Craigmillar and the houses in which the wife of Roger Cass
lived, reserving her liferent.
I ascribed this to circa 1130, though I do not know in what year
John the Bishop was chancellor, indeed I doubt whether he ever was
chancellor. The name of the chancellor may here have been omitted.
p. 74. Craigmillar is in the parish of Liberton, a few miles S.E. of
Edinburgh. It is distinguished by the ruins of a castle built in the
fourteenth century by the Prestons.
p. 74. Roger Cass. Nothing is known of him and his wife. Long
afterwards there were people of the name of Cass, feuars of Monkton-
hall and other places under the Abbey of Dunfermline.
XCII.
The original is in the Panmure Charter Chest. Printed in the
Bannatyne Club edition of the Holyrood Charters, p. 7, No. 2.
Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, addressing all the sons of the Holy
Mother church, gives his episcopal blessing and announces that he,
with the assent of his chapter, confirmed all the grants which King
David made in alms to the church of Holyrood, viz. the church of the
Castle with a willow plantation, the church of St. Cuthbert, the church
of Crostorfin with two bovates and six acres, the church of Ereth
and two ploughgates and a saltpan with twenty-seven acres, the
church of Livingstone with half a ploughgate, the church of Hamere
and Hamera and Forda. Also Broctuna and Inverlet and Petendreia
with a general confirmation of everything which the King gave,
reserving the dignity and rights of the Bishopric.
This was granted before King David gave the great charter to
Holyrood, from which it differs in some details.
For the churches and lands here mentioned, see the note to the
King's charter to Holyrood, No. CLIII.
XCIII.
The original is in the Panmure Charter Chest. It was printed in the
Charters of Holyrood, p. 8, No. 5.
Granted about A.D. 1130. It is a mandate to the Bishop of St.
Andrews and to the Sheriff and all the liegemen of Stirlingshire to see
NOTES XCI.-XCV. 337
that the Abbot of the Holy Rood of Edinburgh shall enjoy all the
customary rights in Heret (Airth), which belong to that church, as fully
as when the King had it in his demesne.
Heret : Airth, a parish in Stirlingshire of about 6400 acres. In the
confirmation by the Bishop of St. Andrews (ante, p. 74) it is stated
that two ploughgates and a saltpan with six acres belonged to the
church.
XCIV.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 7 b ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 16,
No. 29.
King David confirms the right of the Abbey of Dunfermline to the
shire of Kirkcaldy, which had been granted to the church of Dunferm-
line by Malcolm III. and Queen Margaret, and had in later years been
withheld from the abbey by force by Constantine, Earl of Fife,
who died about 1129. If his heirs made a claim to Kirkcaldy, the
monks need not answer but possess in peace.
p. 76, The shire or parish of Kirkcaldy included Abbotshall,
Dunikier, Raith, etc., and the burgh.
Testibus. The witnesses have been noticed in previous notes.
XCV.
This is on fol. 4 of the MS. Book of Deer, Spalding Club edition,
p. 93, with facsimile, Plate V.
The Irish is : " Dorat Gartnait acus ingen gillemicel ball domin ipet
ip^ir do Crist acus do Colimcilli acus do drostan. Teste Gillecalline
sacart acus feradac Mac Malbncin acus Mdlgirc Mac tralin."
Following the authorities, I call this a grant to the church of Deer,
but Deer is not named, it is a grant to Christ, to Columba, and to
Drostan.
p. 77. Gartnait and the daughter of Gillemichel are probably the
same as Gartnait son of Cainnech and Ete daughter of Gillemichel,
who are the donors in charter No. xcvu. (ante, p. 78), circa
A.D. 1132. It has been said that Gartnait is Gartnach Comes, a
witness to the Foundation Charter of Scon. Here, however, he does
not style himself Comes, which surely he would have done had he
been an Earl since the days of King Alexander I.
The lands Ball Domin and Pet Ipair which Gartnait and the
daughter of Gillemichel gave have not been identified. Spuir is a
clerical error for Ipdir.
From the word 'Teste' it seems probable that the writer of the
'Notitia' had before him a Latin charter, an abstract of which he
wrote in Irish.
338 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
XCVI.
The original is in the Panmure Charter Chest. Printed in the
Charters of Holyrood, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 8, No. 4.
King David, addressing all his liegemen in the shire of Edinburgh,
prohibits the seizure of grass, turf, etc., on the land which he had given
to the canons of Holyrood.
XCVII.
From the Book of Deer MS., fol. 4, Spalding Club edition, p. 93.
The Irish is : " Gartnait mac Cannech acus 6te ingen gillemichel
doratsat pet mec cobrig ricosecrad eclasi crist acus petir abstoil acus
do columcille acus do drostan ser dnahulib dolodib cona"nascad d6
cormac escob dunicallenn inocmad bliadi rigi da. Testibus istis
nectan escob Abb . . . acus leot ab brecini acus mdledoune mac
meic bead acus dlgune mac a~rcill acus rviadri mormar ma"rr acus
matadin brfthem acus gillecrist mac cormaic acus malpetir mac
domnaill acus domongart ferleginn turbruad acus gillecolaim mac
muredig acus dubni mac malcolaim."
Mr. Skene and G. E. C. agree that Gartnait was mormaer of
Buchan, but they differ as to how he attained that dignity. Mr.
Skene (Celt. Scot., 3, p. 56) holds that he was the son of Cainneach
and grandson of MacDobharcon, mormaers of Buchan ; while G. E. C.
says that Gartnait derived his title " through his wife Ete daughter of
Gillamathil."
p. 78. Pet-mac- Cobrig. Mac is a clerical error for ' Mec.' No
place in the district now bears a like name. This grant purports to
have been made on the occasion of the dedication of a church to
St. Peter, which Mr. Skene supposed marked a change in the consti-
tution of the Abbey of Deer, bringing it in conformity with Rome ;
but this notitia does not name Deer and the mention of St. Peter
cannot safely be held to mark any change.
With the gift to, or, as Dr. Robertson translates it, 'and bound
to,' Cormac, Bishop of Dunkeld. There is no other record of any
connection between Dunkeld and Deer.
The eighth year of King David's reign was 23 April, 1131, to
22 April, 1132.
These are the witnesses : in the MS., ' Testibus istis.' The writer
had before him a Latin charter, of which he gave an abstract or
translation in his own language.
Nectan, Bishop of Aberdeen. The see of Aberdeen was founded
about 1125 (Preface to Reg. Epis. Aber., p. 19; 2 Concil., 154).
Nectan was the first Bishop (charter cxvi., p. 89).
NOTES XCVI.-XCVIII. 339
Leot, Abbot of Brechin. Leod de Brechin, or Leod Abbot, is a
witness to several charters. Mr. Cosmo Innes says that by the time
of David I. the Abbey of Brechin had been secularized, and the Abbot
was a layman, taking his rank among the lay lords.
Maledoun son of Mac Bead (Mac Meic Bead). He was prob-
ably the same as * Maldouenus mac ocbeth,' witness to the great
charter to Dunfermline, LXXIV., p. 63, and as Meldoinneth son of
Machedath, * judex bonus et discretus,' LXXX., p. 67.
Algune mac Arcill, the same as Alwyn mac Arkil, see note, p. 337.
Ruadri, mormaer of Marr. Mr. Skene thinks that Ruadri is the
same as * Rothri Comes ' of the Foundation Charter of Scon.
Morgrund is the earliest Earl of Mar on record.
Matadin the Brehon : " Matadin brithem." This, so far as I know,
is the only mention of a Brehon in Scotland. It is a Welsh word.
Robertson, Early Kings, I., p. 26, note, and p. 237.
Domongart Ferliginn. Skene (2 Celt. Scot., p. 446) says:
" Ferleighinn lector, or man of learning, in the monasteries. . . . We
find him at lona in 1164, when the Ferleighinn Dubside appears
among the prominent functionaries of the monastery. In the follow-
ing century the name of Ferleiginn is still preserved in connection
with the church of St. Andrews and its schools." (Reg. Prior. S.
And., pp. 317, 318; Dr. Joseph Robertson, Scholastic Offices in the
Scottish Church, pp. 26, 27.)
Turbruad : is supposed to be Turriff.
XCVIII.
In the Register of the Priory of Holy Trinity, London.
King David grants, for the weal of his own soul and for the souls of
his sister, Matilda the Queen, and of his wife, Matilda the Queen, and
of all his ancestors, the church of Toteham to the canons of the
church of the Holy Trinity in London.
p. 78. Gilbert, Bishop of London. Gilbert Universalis, a canon of
Lyons, was consecrated Bishop of London on 22 January, 1128. He
died in 1134.
Toteham, Tottenham, see note, p. 306,
The Priory of the Holy Trinity in London was founded by Queen
Maud, wife of Henry I. and sister of David I.
Waltero a 'Espec, Lord of Werk, was a great English baron.
He founded Kirkham Priory, in Yorkshire, in 1122, while he endowed,
with the village and church of Carham, the church of Newton in
Glendale, the church of Ilderton, etc. He also founded and endowed
Rievalle, in Yorkshire, in 1132, and Warden, in Bedfordshire, in 1136.
He took a leading part in opposing King David in 1138.
Ailred, Historia de Bello Standardi, Twysden, 337: "Affuit et
Walterus Espec vir senex et plenus dierum, acer ingenio, in consiliis
340 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
prudens, in pace modestus, in bello providus, amicitiam sociis, fidem
semper regibus servans. Erat ei statura ingens, membra omnia
tantae magnitudinis, ut nee modum excederent et tantae proceritati
congruerent. Capilli nigri, barba prolixa, frons patens et libera, oculi
grandes et perspicaces, fades amplissima, tractitia tamen, vox tubae
similis ; facundiam quae ei facilis erat, quadam soni majestate com-
ponens. Erat praeterea nobilis carne, sed Christiana pietate nobilior.
Nempe cum liberis careret haeredibus, licet ei nepotes strenui non
deessent, de optimis tamen quibusque possessionibus suis Christum
fecit haeredem. Nam in loco amoenissimo Kircham nomine monas-
terium regularium condidit clericorum, multis illud donariis ornans et
ditans possessionibus, insuper et palatia sua, thalamos suos, cellaria
sua in servorum Christi habitacula commutans.
Cisterciensem quoque ordinem cujus vix famam audierat Anglia,
favente sibi glorioso rege Henrico in has partes advexit, suscipiens
fratres de monasterio nobilissimo Clarevallis per manum Deo dilecti
abbatis Bernardi. Qui venientes in Angliam anno ab incarnatione
Domini MDXXXII. nacti locum in valle profundissima. super ripam Riae
fluminis, unde ipsum monasterium Rievallis nomen accepit, multos
suae religionis fama ad optimorum studiorum aemulationem incita-
verunt, unde in brevi multiplicati super numerum, plurima in regno
utroque, Angliae scilicet et Scotiae coenobia condiderunt.
Nam praedictus Walterus, nee dum tantis satiatus beneficiis, in
territorio Wardunensi famosissimum per eosdem fratres fundavit
monasterium. Porro eodem anno adventus eorum in Angliam quidam
monachi de ecclesia Beatae Mariae Eboracensi Cisterciensem purita-
tem et paupertatem zelantes, auxilio freti venerabilis Turstini Archi-
episcopi, relinquentes divitias et delicias monasticae puritati contrarias,
maxima paupertate, miro favore vi. Kal. Januarii Fontanense Coeno-
bium creaverunt.
Haec autem omnia bona quis debitet viro illi strenuissimo
ascribenda, tantorum fructuum semen deprocul advexit et locum in
quo seminaretur invenit. Hie igitur cum ab universe exercitu, turn
propter aetatem turn propter sapientiam patris more coleretur,
ascendens machinam quam circa regium signum fabricaverant, super-
eminens universe populo ab humero et sursum, hac oratione dejectos
quadam formidine erexit animos, promptos acrius inflammavit."
Ailred records a spirited speech by Walter Espec, ending : " Sed
quid moror ? Certe aut vincendum nobis est, aut moriendum. Quis
enim victoriae Scottorum se velit esse superstitem, ut videat uxorem
suam Scottorum subjacere libidini, parvulos suos lanceis perforari."
At the end of the battle, when the English were victorious, " Sane
Anglorum duces omnes sani incolumesque reversi et circa Walterum
Espec, quern ducis et patris loco venerabantur conglobati, immensas
gratias Deo omnipotenti pro insperata victoria retulerunt."
Walter Espec took the religious habit in the Abbey of Rievalle
two years before his death, which happened in 1153.
NOTES XCVIII.-CI. 341
XCIX.
The original charter is in the Treasury at Durham. The seal
is missing. Raine, N. Durham, App., p. 5, No. XVIIL
King David addressing all his Bishops, Earls, etc., announces that
he has granted to the monks of St. Cuthbert the church of St. Mary at
Berwick in exchange for the church of Melrose.
Melrose was an ancient possession of the monks of St. Cuthbert,
and when the King gave it to the Cistercians he compensated Durham
by giving the church of St. Mary at Berwick. There were two
churches in Berwick : that of St. Mary, granted to Durham, and
that of St. Laurence, which was endowed (ante, p. 148) and was
granted to the Abbey of Kelso (CXLIV., p. 157).
p. 79. Testibus : most of the witnesses have been already noticed.
Estmundus clericus : compare ' Estmundus elemosinarius/ ante, p. 108.
Gualera, the chaplain, ante, p. 75. Robert Grimbal: compare Grim-
bauld, p. 51, and Grimbald, p. 52.
C.-CI.
The originals are in the Treasury at Durham. They were printed
by Anderson, Independence of Scotland, p. 54. No. c. was printed in
Douglas' Baronage, p. 127. Both were printed by Raine, N. Durham,
App., pp. 3, 4, Nos. xil., xiil. There are facsimiles in the National
MSS. of Scotland. Genealogist, Vol. xv., p. 133.
I have given too early a date. Earl Duncan, a witness, did not
succeed to the earldom before 1 1 36.
No. C.
David, King of Scots, and Henry his son, addressing all the sheriffs
and all the barons, French and English, announces that he has given
to this fellow, Hernulf his soldier, Swinton in feu to him and to his
heirs, with all the men and their property, to hold as freely and
honourably as any of the King's barons hold, and by the same rights as
Liulfus the son of Edulf and Udard his son held, of St. Cuthbert and
of the King, paying forty shillings to the monks of Durham without
any other services.
No. CI.
David, King of Scots, addressing all his earls, barons, sheriffs,
officers, and all his lieges, cleric and lay, announces that he has
granted to that fellow Arnulf, his soldier, the whole land of Swinton
342 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
with the cattle and the men, etc., in feu and heritage to himself
and his heirs as freely and honourably as Udard the sheriff held it,
by the same service to the monks of Durham as Udard performed.
Of the nine witnesses to No. c. four are witnesses to ci. The first
was granted at Haddington, the second at Traquair.
I am not sure that these charters are genuine. I suspect that they
were forged by the monks to support the claims of the church on the
land of Swinton. Swinton was granted to Durham by King Edgar by
charter (xx., p. 17) in terms which imply that the monks were not to be
merely the overlords : they were to possess, and twenty-four oxen were
given to them to cultivate the land ; but it is plain that in the reign of
Alexander I. the right of the monks was disputed (charters XXVI.,
xxvii., xxix., xxx., ante, pp. 21, 22, 23). King David confirmed the
rights of Durham in Swinton, and Earl Henry specially confirmed King
Edgar's charter (CLXXVIL, p. 138), so that it seems strange that by
these charters King David should grant Swinton in feu to Hernulf. It
may be that Edulf, Liulf, Udard, and Hernulf all held Swinton under the
Priory of Durham, and that these two charters, C. and ci., are con-
firmations of grants by the church, though I doubt whether they can
be so read. If Hernulf held, adversely to the monks, as the heir of
Udard, it would have been to the advantage of the priory to have
charters from the King, nominally in Hernulf's favour, which contained
a distinct obligation on him to hold under the church. The monks
must have considered these charters as confirming their right, else why
were they kept at Durham ? indeed, how came they to have them ?
If genuine the charters should have been in possession of the grantee.
It strikes me as suspicious that there are two charters with certain
differences, as if the monks had made two experiments in forgery.
Having expressed this doubt, I must treat these charters as genuine.
They are granted to Hernulf and Arnulf, who were certainly the same
man. He is somewhat contemptuously spoken of'huic meo militi"
and " isti meo militi." By 'miles,' I think, is meant a soldier, not one
on whom the honour of knighthood had been conferred — he was
probably one of the King's Drengs.
Sir George Sitwell drew attention to the expression " sibi et heredi
suo " as meaning a lease for two lives ; but that is not the meaning in
Scottish law : a grant to a man and his heir is not limited to the first
heir, but extends to heirs for ever ; and in the charter CI. the grant is
to Arnulf " in feudo et in hereditate sibi et heredibus."
There has been much discussion as to whether Hernulf was a son of
Udard and grandson of Liulf; it is not certain that he was related to
them. Genealogists have taken for granted that Hernulf was the
NOTES CI.-CII. 343
ancestor of the family of Swinton of that ilk, but there is not sufficient
evidence for that assertion. The descent of Sir Alan de Swinton
(who lived in the end of the twelfth century) from Hernulf has not
been proved ; it was not until the fifteenth century that Sir John de
Swinton, the ancestor of the family, acquired the barony, half of it
by purchase from the daughter and heiress of Henry de Swinton and
half by charter from the Priory of Coldingham. It is probable that
Sir John was one of the old family ; but he possessed by purchase,
not by inheritance.
p. 80. Liulfus films Edulfi et Udardus filius suus, and in the CI.
charter * Udardus vicecomes/ I am unable to concur in identifying
Liulf son of Edulf with Liulf of Bebbanburgh, and I think that it is
not proved that ' Udardus vicecomes ' was sheriff of Northum-
berland.
Consule. Consul is not uncommonly used for comes. Maduc is
supposed to have been Earl of Athole.
Radulf Nuuel. He was not Radulf Novellus (Twysden, 1713),
a priest in the church of St. Peters at York, who was consecrated
Bishop of the Orkneys by Thomas, Archbishop of York, and who took
part in the Battle of the Standard. " Stans, in eminentiori loco, cum
populo preliandi necessitatem in remissionem peccatorum indixisset,
tundentes pectora, erectis manibus divinum auxilium precabantur.
Factaque super eos absolutione, episcopus benedictionem solempni
voce adjecit, cunctis altera voce respondentibus, Amen, Amen"
(Ailred, Twysden, 345). John Brompton (Twjysden, 1026) gives a long
speech which he then made to the soldiers. Radulf, Bishop of
Orkney, was a witness to the declarations by King David and by the
Archbishop of York regarding the consecration of the Bishop of St.
Andrews (ante, p. 64).
Morsel Marmiun. Marmion was a well-known English family. I
do not find any of the name of Marsel mentioned in records.
CII.
This is taken from Haddan and Stubbs, 2 Concil., p. 26, and the
reference there is to Reg. Alb. Ebor., P. I., fol. 523. It is printed
in vi., Dugdale, Monast., p. 118, No. 50.
It is a letter from Pope Innocent II. to John, Bishop of Glasgow,
reminding him that he had been consecrated by Pope Paschal (saving
the rights of the Archbishop of York), and that Pope Calixtus and
Pope Honorius had ordered him (Bishop John) to render obedience
and reverence to Thurstin, Archbishop of York, as to his Metropolitan;
but though the Bishop had promised to do so, he had not fulfilled
his promise. Now the Pope orders him without further delay or
pretence to obey the Archbishop. Written at Auxerre, 29 November,
344 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
1131. Haddan and Stubbs (2 Concil., p. 26) say, "A letter to the
same effect was sent the same day to the Scottish Bishops in general."
Honorius II. died 13 February, 1130, on 14 February, 1130, Cardinal
Gregory was declared Pope as Innocent II., and a son of Pierleone
as Anaclete II. Innocent II. secretly took ship and escaped to
France, where his protector was Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux. He
returned to Rome in 1133, but again fled from it in August of
that year. Pope Anaclete died 25 Jany., 1138, and Pope Innocent II.
was then recognised as Pope at Rome.
CHI.
From the Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 7b, Bannatyne Club
edition, p. 15, No. 27.
The King received annually from the tenants or vassals of
Crown lands in Fife, Fothrif, and Clackmannan, flour, cheese, money
in lieu of food, barley for brewing, pigs, and cows. This mandate
orders the King's stewards to give to the monks of Dunfermline the
tithe of this ' can ' when the produce was received ; their share was to
be set apart before the remaining nine-tenths were sent to the King.
Possibly the holders of Crown lands in Fife and Fothrif had to
send 'can' only when the King was at Dunfermline. One reason
why the Kings of Scotland frequently moved from place to place
and had no fixed capital was that a considerable part of the royal
revenue consisted of supplies due in different parts of the country.
The tenants were not bound to send their quota beyond their district,
or at least not to a great distance, and here the King seems to antici-
pate that the 'can' from Fife, Fothrif, and Clackmannan shall be
delivered to his stewards, to be sent by them to Dunfermline when
he is in residence there.
In the Great Charter to Dunfermline (No. LXXIV., p. 62) the grant
is : "Omnem decimam totius mei can quod afferetur ad Dunfermelin et
omnem decimam praebendae quae afferetur ibidem de Fif et de
Fotherif," and in the later charter (No. ccix., p. 169) : " Omnem
decimam totius mei can et brasei de Fif et Fothrif exceptis rectitudin-
ibus quae Abbaciae Dunkeldensi pertinent."
p. 8 1. Fife and Fothrif : these two territories comprised the present
shires of Fife and Kinross. The respective boundaries survived in the
deaneries of Fife and Fothrif, the latter was the south-western
portion. (Reg. Prior. S. And., pp. 32, 33 ; Reeves, Culdees, p. 129.)
p. 82. Philippus camerarius. I think that this is a mistake of the monk
who transcribed the charter in the reign of William the Lion when
Philip was chamberlain ; he wrote that name instead of ' Herbert.'
NOTES CII.-CV. 345
CIV.
Registrum Episcop. Glasguensis, Maitland Club edition, p. 10,
No. 6.
King David grants the church of Govan to the church of St. Kenti-
gern of Glasgow. Date, after 1128, when Gaufrid and Herbert
became abbots of Dunfermline and of Roxburgh, and before 1136,
when Herbert ceased to be chancellor. It should have preceded
No. CHI., because in this, Gillemichel seems to have not yet succeeded
to the earldom of Fife.
p. 82, Govan lay on the south of the Clyde. From this charter and
from cix, p. 85, it seems that Govan and Partick were separate
manors. Govan at this time was in the King's hands, the church
was dedicated to St. Constantine, who it is said founded a monas-
tery there, where he was buried after suffering martyrdom in
Kintyre. Govan was made a prebend of the Cathedral by Herbert,
Bishop of Glasgow, by a charter which Mr. Cosmo Innes dated
between 1147 and 1153. I have not printed it in the text because it
seemed to me that it was granted after the death of King David, I
give it now.
" Herbertus Dei gratia Glasguensis Episcopus Universis, etc.,
Salutem.
" Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse et episcopali auctoritate confir-
masse, Helpo clerico meo in liberam et quietam elemosinam unam prae-
bendam in ecclesia Sancti Kentigerni de Glesgu, ecclesiam de Guvan
cum omnibus ecclesiasticis rectitudinibus eidem ecclesiae pertinentibus
et insulas inter Guvan et Perthec et illam partem de Perthec quam David
Rex Scotiae dedit in dotem ecclesiae de Glasgu in ejusdem dedicatione
et aliam partem de Perthec quam idem Rex David postea dedit prae-
dictae ecclesiae de Glesgu et Johanni episcopo ejusque successoribus
in liberam et perpetuam elemosinam, pro salute animae meae et
animarum antecessorum meorum, quam partem prius ad praebendam
non pertinentem pro augmento honoris et dignitatis ecclesiae meae
praedictae praebendae augeo, dono et perpetualiter confirmo cum
insulis adjacentibus et piscinis. Ita libere et quiete, etc., sicut ante-
cessor suus tenuit liberius, etc., et cartae successorum episcoporum
penitus testantur et confirmant (Reg. Epis. Glasg., p. 11, No. 7).
Testibus . . . Alwinus Rennere. He and his wife, Eda, granted
the church of Newton to the Abbey of Dunfermline (No. ccxxvin.,
p. 184). He was a witness to a charter of Robert, Bishop of St.
Andrews (No. ccxxx., p. 185). There was a Gillexus Rennerius in
the reign of William the Lion (Reg. de Dunf., p. 36).
CV.
From the Registr. de Dunfermelyn, fol. 6 b, Bannatyne Club edition,
p. 12, No. 15.
This is an order by the King, addressed to the Earl and all the
346 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
liegemen of Fife, that the men of Nithbren, of the Abbey of Dun-
fermline, shall not be subject to the jurisdiction of any other Court
than that of the Church of the Holy Trinity and the Abbot of
Dunfermline, the King's judge of that province shall be present, in
order that justice be done.
p. 83. Nithbren is Newburn, a parish in south-east Fifeshire. The
vill was granted to Dunfermline by David I., with the consent of
Earl Henry, his son, on the day when the Church of the Holy Trinity
of Dunfermline was dedicated, (ccix, p. 167 ; CCXXIV., p. 181.)
In curia S. Trinitatis. ' Ecclesiae ' has been omitted by the writer
of the register.
Judex meus. Probably the Earl of Fife. Earl Constantine was
called "Judex discretissimus."
Apud Scona. Clerical error for ' Sconam.'
CVI.
Taken from Raine's N. Durham, App., p. 6, No. xxiv., in the Small
Chartulary of Durham. The original is lost.
King David grants to the church of St. Mary at Coldingham a
fishing in the Tweed at Fishwick.
I have ascribed it to circa 1135, but perhaps it is of later date than
charter ccxxxvi., p. 181, for when this was granted, Swain's posses-
sion of Fishwick was at an end.
p. 83. St. Mary of Coldingham. It is to be noticed that this is not
a grant to the Priory of Durham, but to the church of Coldingham.
The Priory of Coldingham had not yet, I think, been established.
quam . . . fecit et a saxis liberavit means, that he had cleared
away rocks which interfered with the drawing of the nets.
[presbyter]. Dr. Raine says that the word ' pecunia ' in the
chartulary has been erased and ' piscat ' inserted. He suggested
' piscator.' I think ' presbyter ' is the better reading (see ccxxxvi.,
p. 189). Swain, the presbyter of Fishwick, held the lands of Fishwick,
and was a man of note and importance in his day.
Fishwick was granted to the monks of St. Cuthbert by King Edgar
(charter xxn., p. 18), confirmed by King David (charter LXV., p. 55),
and afterwards by Earl Henry (ccxxxvi., p. 189), and by King
William the Lion (Raine, N. Durh., Appendix, No. XLVI.).
CVII.
In the Book of Deer.
This is the last of the Irish writings in the ' Book.3 Bradshaw
was of opinion that it was written shortly after the death of David I.
Mr. Whitley Stokes said : " Its handwriting is certainly more modern
than that of the other Gaelic documents." From the words 'his
NOTES CV.-CVII. 347
testibus ' it seems probable that it is a translation of a Latin charter.
It would not be safe to conclude that in the middle of the twelfth
century there was a Mormaer of Buchan and a Toisech of a Clan
Morguinn, for these may be the Irish words which the writer thought
were the nearest in meaning to the titles in Latin. What does this
entry mean? Is it a confirmation of the lands and privileges of the
churches of St. Drostan, or is it a grant by Colbain and Eva and
Donnachac of new privileges ? The transcriber or translator omitted
to give the names of the lands and of the church to which the lands
were granted.
p. 84. Colbain Mormaer of Buchan (Colbain mormaer buchan).
Colbain is not mentioned in any other record. G. E. C., in the Com-
plete Peerage, under Buchan: " A.D. H35(?) Eva, daughter and
heir of Gartnach, married Colban, who in her right became Earl of
Buchan." Colbain is not styled Earl ; and when in 1170-1179 Roger,
Earl of Buchan, confirmed to the keledei of Monymusk (Reg. Prior.
S. And., p. 370) the grant of Gartnach "avus meus," he does not
mention his father Colbain. (Skene, Celt. Scot., 3, p. 288 ; Reeves,
Culdees, p. 135 ; Robertson, Coll. Aberdeen and Banff, 172.) Mr.
Skene gives the pedigree :
Macdobharcon
Cainnech Gillemichel
1 I
Gartnait = Ete
Eva = Colbain
Roger, Earl of Buchan.
Donnachad son of Siting, chief of Clan Morguinn (toisech Clenni
Morguiun). The man and the clan are unknown.
For a share of four davochs, etc. The original is : " Apstal ona-
hulib dolaidib archuit cetri dabach do ni thissed arardmandaidib
Alban cucotchenn acus arardchellaib," which is supposed to mean that
the payments or services due by this church were restricted to the
amount due by the owner of four davochs, although the church had a
larger extent of land. Colbain, and Eva, and Donnachac doubtless
dealt only with dues exigible by themselves. They do not profess to
act for the King. The sentence is obscure ; I doubt whether the
writer knew the meaning of the original which he was translating.
Testibus. Several of the witnesses appear in other entries in the
Book of Deer. Brocein (Brocin) and Cormac Abbot of Turbruaid
appear in ccxxn., ante, p. 181. I do not know that there is any
record of a monastery at Turriff, except in this ' Book.' Domongart
Ferliginn of Turbruad is a witness (xcvu., ante, p. 78). In 1272
Alexander Cumyn, Earl of Buchan, founded a i domus elemosinarum'
at Turriff, which was dedicated to God and to St. Congan. In his
charter mention is made of a " via monachorum," which may refer to
an old religious house. (Reg. Epis. Aber , I., pp. 30, 31.)
348 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Morgann son of Donchad, etc., is a clerical error for Donnchad.
Possibly Donnchad was the chief of Clan Morguinn, one of the
granters. Malaechin. I know of no other record in which the name
appears. The two sons of Matne. Gillendrias Mac Matni is a
witness to ccxxni., p. 181. The nobles of Buchan. The original is
" acus Mathe buchan." Elan is Ellon, the principal messuage (caput)
of the earldom of Buchan.
CVIII.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 6b; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 10,
No. 10.
Grant by King David to the church of Dunfermline of the fishing
called Aldestelle, and all that belonged to it, and of a toft in Berwick,
free from all services. The grant of the ' tractus de Aldestelle ' was
confirmed by King David (ccix., pp. 167-169), King Malcolm (Reg.
Dunferm., p. 20), King William (ib. p. 29), King Alexander II. (ib. p. 41),
King Alexander III. (ib. p. 47), Pope Alexander III. (ib. p. 152), King
James II. (ib. p. 322).
In the reign of King James III., A.D. 1467, there was an Inquisitio
regarding the fishing of the Aldstell belonging to Dunfermline and
the fishing of the Calate belonging to the King. (Reg. Dunf., p. 358.)
King David gave the abbey a mansura in Berwick, probably the same
as this toft.
p. 85. Testibus : Robert Frebern does not attest any other charter
by King David, but he appears in the reigns of King Malcolm IV. and
King William. (Lib. de Calchou, p. 178 ; Reg. de Dunfermelyn, pp.
87, 92, 101.) He had a son Roger (Lib. de Calchou, p. 222). In the
thirteenth century there were Freberns of Lamberton in Berwickshire
(Raine, N. Durham, App.. p. 67, Nos. CCCLi. and CCCLii. See Reg.
Dunf., p. 249.)
Hidda. I cannot identify him. William de Lamberton was a
witness to CLXXVII., p. 140, and to CLXXXIIL, p. 147. Probably he
belonged to the family of Lamberton of that ilk in Berwickshire.
(Raine, N. Durham, App., p. 66, No. CCCXLIX.)
CIX.
In the Registrum Epis. Glasguensis, Maitland Club edition, p. 9,
No. 3.
A charter by King David to the church of Glasgow of a land in
Partick. It is stated in the charter by Bishop Herbert (ante, p. 345)
that King David granted part of Partick on the day of the dedi-
cation of the church of Glasgow ; and as it is probable that this
NOTES CVII.-CIX.
349
charter is that referred to, it has commonly been dated n July,
1136, the day on which the church was dedicated. Another part
of Partick was given by the King to the church, and to John the
Bishop, by a charter which has not been preserved.
p. 85. Partick lies to the west of Glasgow, from which it was
separated by the River Kelvin. Ailsi and Tocca formerly held it of
the King, and afterwards Ascelinus the Archdeacon, and he, by this
charter, was directed to pay annually to the church of Glasgow the
mark of silver which he had hitherto paid to the King, and, on his
death, the church was to hold this part of Partick free from any duty
or service.
Ascelinus Archidiaconus : see note to charter LXV.
Testibus. It seems from this that the dedication ceremony
was attended by the King, the Abbot of Roxburgh, William the
Chancellor, William son of Duncan, the King's nephew, and by the
Earls Malis and Duncan, by Fergus of Galloway, and by many others.
It is strange that the dignitaries of the church, and some of the clergy
of the diocese do not attest the grant.
William the Chancellor. Herbert, who had been chancellor since
the accession of David, died, and William Cumyn was appointed
Chancellor. It has been supposed by some that he was a son of
Robert de Comines, Earl of Northumbria, and by others that he was
a son of Richard Comyn, who in 1105 married Hextilda, grand-
daughter of King Donald, through whom John Comyn claimed the
throne of Scotland in 1291 ; but from the way in which he is spoken
of by Simeon of Durham, I think he was a priest of unknown or of
mean birth. He was for a time chaplain to Galfrid, who was Bishop
of Durham from 1133 till 1140. William the Chancellor was taken
prisoner at the Battle of the Standard on 22 August, 1138. Alberic,
the Papal Legate, ordered him to be set at liberty in September of the
same year, when he returned to Scotland. I shall give the particulars
of his daring attempt to become Bishop of Durham in a note to
charter cxxxill.
pp. 85, 86. Testibus . . . Aad cum barba, to distinguish him from other
beardless Adams. Malduuenus mac murdac occurs here only. Malo-
deni Scona : at p. 77 he is called Vicecomes de Scona. Radulf and
Duunenald, sons of Dunegal ; see note to charter No. Liv. Uchtred
son of Fergus, probably Uchtred of Galloway. Gilbert Fimboga :
Arthur Fimboga is a witness, p. 186. Dufoter de Calatria. Calatria
(now Callander, in Stirlingshire) was the district between the Avon
and the Carron, comprehending the parishes of Falkirk, Muiravonside,
and Polmont, and part of Slamannan. It was of old a Thanage.
Skene identifies Dufoter de Calatria with Dufoc vicecomes de Strivelyn
Malcolm, Thane of Kalentyr, was a witness to Cambuskenneth, No.
79, and about 1190 there was a Dominus Alwynus of Kalentyr. In
the reign of David II. Patrick Calentyre was forfeited.
350 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CX.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 8 a ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 18,
No. 34; Illust. Aberd. and Banff, vol. 2, p. 129.
King David, addressing the bishops, abbots, earls, etc., and all his
liegemen in Murray and in Scotland, announces that he has granted
twenty shillings a year from the rent of the burgh and fishings of Elgin
for the clothing of the monks of Urchard, so long as they dwell together
according to their religious vows.
p. 86. Urquhart is near Elgin. It is not improbable that this
endowment of the priory was made soon after the defeat of the Earl
of Murray at Stracathrow in 1130. In that year David I. went to
England (as several entries in the Pipe Rolls of Cumberland show).
He was selected as an arbiter of rank and experience to decide a
question which had arisen between the King of England and an
English baron Geoffrey de Clinton (Ordericus Vitalis, Prevost's edn.,
Vol. in., p. 404 and note). In King David's absence, Angus, Earl of
Murray, attempted to gain the kingdom. It is uncertain whether he
himself claimed the Crown as the grandson of Lulach (who was King
for six months after the death of Macbeth) or whether the claimant
was Melcolf, a bastard son of Alexander I.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 2, p. 227, A.D. 1130, " In this year
Anagus was slain by the Scots army and there was a great slaughter
made with him. Then was God's right avenged on him, because he
was all forsworn." The Chronicle of Melros, p. 69: "Anno 1130
Anagus comes Murauensis a Scottis interfectus est cum gente sua
a Scottis." The battle is mentioned in the Annals of Inisfallen
(Chron. P. and S., p. 170) and in the Annals of Ulster (Chron.
P. and S., 371): "Battle between the men of Alban and the men
of Moray in which fell four thousand of the men of Moray with their
King, Oengus son of the daughter of Lulag. A thousand also of
the men of Alban in heat of battle." Ordericus Vitalis says that
Aragois, Earl of Moray, with Melcolf, a bastard son of Alexander I.,
who desired to deprive King David of the Crown, entered Scotia with
an army of five thousand men in King David's absence in England
and were defeated at Stracathrow by Edward 'princeps militiae.'
Aragois Consul was slain " totumque regionis spatiosae ducatum Deo
auxiliante, nactus est. Sic David aucta potestate super antecessores
suos exaltatus est." Fordun, v., 33 : " David anno septimo . . .
comes Moraviensis Angusius apud Stracathrow cum gente sua
peremptus est."
It is possible that there was an old Scottish monastery at
Urquhart to which David I. brought Benedictines from Dunfermline,
to which abbey the Priory of Urquhart became attached (Haddan and
Stubbs, 2 Concil., p. 209, and No. CCLV., ante, p. 204).
Elgin. I do not know whether the castle and burgh of Elgin
were in the King's hands before the defeat of the Earl of Murray
in 1130; certainly by the time this charter was granted Elgin was
a King's burgh, and the rent due to the Crown was collected by the
NOTES CX.-CXII. 351
' praepositus,' who is here directed to pay twenty shillings a year from
the rent and the fishings as the money came in.
Banef is Banff in Moray. The King possibly visited Banff on
his return from England, after the battle of Stracathrow.
CXI.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham. Printed by Dr. Raine,
N. Durham, App., p. 5, No. XXII. The words in italics were supplied
from the Chartulary.
King David grants to the church of St. Cuthbert at Coldingham the
toft in Ednam (which Gilbert the priest of Stitchel held of the King)
to be held of the King free of all service in feu and in alms for
a yearly payment of two shillings.
p. 87. Ednam. The church and a ploughgate of land had been
granted to the monks of St. Cuthbert by Thor Longus. Stitchel is a
parish in Berwickshire, near Ednam.
CXII.
Register of the Priory of Daventry ; British Museum, Cott. MSS.
Claud. D. XIL, No. 3.
I understand this to be a renunciation by the Earl of the feudal dues
and services hitherto rendered by the Priory of Daventry to the Earl
of Northampton and a grant of all their lands to be held in alms.
Further, William, the canon, was to hold his prebend as freely as
any prebend was held.
King Henry I. died on I December, 1135. David, King of Scotland,
promptly raised an army and marched into England to support the
claim to the throne of his niece, the Empress Matilda. Carlisle, Wark,
Norham, Alnwick, and Newcastle surrendered to him. ^Stephen
hastened to the north, and, by liberal concessions, David was induced
to recognise Stephen and to make peace. His son Henry received the
Earldom of Northampton and the Honour of Huntingdon with Don-
caster and Carlisle.
" Tandem vero in eadem provincia habita collocutione et pace facta
inter duos reges, Henricus filius David Regis Scotiae homagium
Stephano Regi apud Eboracum fecit. Deditque Rex illi cum consulatu
patris sui Huntadun, Carlel et Doncastriam cum omnibus quae ad ea
pertinent" Richard of Hexham (Twysden, 312). 'Cum consulatu
patris sui ' implies that Earl Henry got his father's Earldom — of
Northampton — and perhaps that is the meaning of ' in augmentum ' in
the following passage from Simeon of Durham. " A.D. 1 136 occurrit ei,
(David), Rex Stephanus in capite jejunii Non. Feb. apud Dunelmem,
352 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
ibi commoratus diebus xv David quoque Rex in Novo Castello se
recepit. Habita igitur collocutione de pace inter eos, Henricus filius
regis Scotiae fecit homagium Regi Stephano apud Eboracum in aug-
mentum Honoris de Huntedun datis ei Dunecastra et Karleol.
Caeteras munitiones et terras quas occupavit Rex David restituit.
In Paschali vero festivitate Rex Stephanus eundem Henricum in
reverentia praeferens ad dexteram suam sedere fecit. Ic circo Williel-
mus Archiepiscopus Cantiae et quidam proceres cum Ranulfo Comite
Cestriae in juvenem contumeliosa locuti, a curia Regis se amoverunt "
Simeon of Durham (Twysden, 258).
Henry de Knyghton (Twysden, 2385): "Et cito post haec recepit
ad concordiam David Regem Scotorum, qui nuper dolose ceperat
Castellum de Caerliell et castrum super Tinam et dedit ei Huntyng-
donam in Anglia, homagium autem et fidelitatem a filio ipsius David
recepit, non ab ipso David, quia David prius juraverat fidelitatem
Imperatrici."
John Bromton's Chronicle (Twysden, 975). On the death of King
Henry (I.), Simon the son of Simon de Sancto Licio " comitatum
Huntyndoniae intravit pacifice et possedit " ; that possession was
interrupted by the grant to Earl Henry in 1136, but about two
years later Earl Henry with his father were in arms against King
Stephen, and at the Peace of Durham, in 1 139, Henry got Northumber-
land, and the Earldom of Northampton and the Honour of Hunting-
don were restored to Simon de St. Liz, who died in 1153. In 1157,
Malcolm IV. resigned the Earldom of Northumberland to the King
of England, who gave him the Earldom of Northampton, which was
held by his brother David until his death in 1199.
CXIII.
From the Registr. Prior. S. Neoti, No. 97 ; British Museum, Cott.
MSS. Faustina, A. IV.
Henry the Earl, the son of the King of Scotland, addressing all his
liegemen, announces that he has granted to the church of St. Neots,
and to the monks in alms who serve God there, twenty shillings a year
from his mill of Huntingdon for their sustentation, and further that he
has confirmed their right to the church of Eynesbury which his mother
had granted to the monks. " The village of Enesbury and the con-
tiguous town of St. Neot's are situated upon the eastern bank of the
Ouse in the county of Huntingdon" (Gorhams' Eynesbury, p. i).
St. Neot was a Cornish saint who died about A.D. 877 and was
buried in Cornwall ; about a century later his remains were translated
to Huntingdonshire by Earl Alric and his countess, Ethelfleda, who
NOTES CXII.-CXIV. 353
founded a priory at Eynesbury, subordinate to the recently estab-
lished monastery at Ely. In honour of the saint the name
of the place was changed to St. Neots. At the beginning of the
eleventh century the priory was burned by the Danes. It was
refounded about 1078 by Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare, and filled
with monks from the French abbey of Bee. The manor of Eynesbury
belonged to the Countess Judith, who was succeeded by her daughter
Matilda, wife successively of Simon de St. Liz and of David I.
Countess Matilda and her first husband were among the early bene-
factors of the priory. Another benefactor was Hugh de Beauchamp,
Lord of Eaton Socon, of the same family as Beatrix de Bello Campo,
the wife of Hugo de Moreville.
It appears from the abstract of deeds in the chartulary of St. Neots
(Gorham, p. 290) that Henry, the son of the King of Scotland, granted
four charters to St. Neots : De Molendin' in Hunt., c. 22 ; De Molend'
in Paxtona c. 23 ; De Herdwik et Caldecote, c. 24 ; De donationabus
antecessorum, c. 25 ; of these I have had only one copied, that now
printed as No. CXIII.
CXIV.
From the Register of the Priory of St. Andrews at Northampton,
Cott. MSS. Vespas. E. XVIL, No. 33.
Earl Henry, addressing Robert Foliot, his Steward, and all his
liegemen of Huntingdon, orders an annual payment of forty shillings
to be made to the monks of St. Andrews at Northampton from his
rent of Huntingdon, in lieu of the alms which these monks had from
Bedford by the gift of the Earl's mother, which the Earl had granted
to Hugo de Bror, to be paid until the Earl could give the monks some-
thing of the same value in a convenient place.
The Countess Judith held seven manors in Bedfordshire ; her son-
in-law, Earl Simon, gave 405. from the rents of the town to the monks
of Northampton. King William Rufus conferred the barony of Bed-
ford on Pain de Bello Campo, but a portion of it was recognised to be
a part of the Honour of Huntingdon, which in 1136 was given to Earl
Henry. In 1138, when King David and his son again opposed
King Stephen, Bedford was taken from the Scots, and it was
given to Hugo de Bello Monte, with the title of Earl of Bedford.
Earl Hugh held it for only a few years, afterwards he lost his lands
and state, and was known as Hugo Pauper. Earl Henry did not
regain Bedford in 1 139 when the Honour of Huntingdon was restored
to him by the treaty of Durham. The Beauchamp family got Bed-
ford. King Malcolm IV. of Scotland made a claim to it, which was
denied.
z
354 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
p. 88. Hugo de Bror, to whom Earl Henry granted the forty
shillings from the rents of Bedford, was probably a Northamptonshire
baron. Earl Henry here pretends that his inability to continue
the payment to the monks of St. Andrews was due to his own
voluntary gift to Hugo, instead of to his having been deprived by
force by King Stephen of all his rights in Bedford.
Roberto Folio dapifero suo was Robert Foliot, who appears in the
charters, ante, pp. 92 and 101.
St. Andrews, Northampton. See note to LXXI.
Roberto son of Nigel : witness, ante, pp. 42, 58.
Apud Chingor. This may be Kinghorn, in Fifeshire, but probably
a place in the English earldom.
cxv.
From the Register of the Priory of St. Andrews at Northampton,
Cott. MSS. Vespas. E. xvn., No. 32.
Earl Henry confirms to the monks of the church of St. Andrews at
Northampton all the lands which they held of the Earl and his
vassals, and he specially charges his steward to support the monks
in their rights.
CXVI.
From the Regis. Episcop. Aberdonensis, Spalding Club edition,
Vol. i., p. 3.
A charter by King David, granting and confirming many lands to
the church and Bishop of Aberdeen.
Mr. Cosmo Innes, in the Preface to the Registrum, said that this
charter cannot be sustained as a perfect transcript of the original. He
regarded it as a memorandum of a grant, " to which the scribe had
stupidly affixed the conclusion and mode of testing which were in
fashion in the charters of his own time." The last clause : " Teste
me ipso apud Forfar anno regni mei decimo tertio tricesimo die
mensis Junii," is certainly spurious. The confirmation by Malcolm IV.
(p. 4) is equally doubtful, but the Bull of Pope Adrian IV., A.D. 1157,
is said by Mr. Innes (Pref., xix) to afford all the materials for testing
its authenticity, and, submitted to all the tests, stands undeniably
authentic.
p. 89. Beato Machorio. St. Machor was an Irish disciple of St.
Columba, who converted many in the northern parts of the Pictish
kingdom, and, settling at Aberdeen, founded the church there. The
tradition was that of old there was a Bishop of Mortlach, David I.
moved the see to Aberdeen, circa 1125, where Nectan was the first
NOTES CXIV.-CXVII.
355
Bishop. (2 Reg. Aber., pp. 125, 246-7.) In the Book of Deer, ante,
p. 78, Nectan is a witness in the eighth year of King David's reign.
He is mentioned in a charter by William the Lion (Reg. of Aber-
deen, I., p. 12).
Aqua de North, i.e. of the Don. This cannot mean that the King
granted half of the fishings in the River Don ; probably he gave
only a half share of one fishing or net in the river, where it flows past
Old Aberdeen.
Sclaty is in Old Machar or Newhills. Goul is in New Machar,
where the Bishop had a castle in the loch. Murcroft : probably
Murcar, in Old Machar. The Dean of Aberdeen held as his prebend
the church of Kirkton and the lands of Murcroft. Kynmondy and
Malmeulach : estates in New Machar. Schiram de Clat : Clatt is a
parish in the Garioch, 33 miles from Aberdeen. Schiram de Tulinestyn
is Tullynessle, in Alford, adjoining Clatt. Schiram de Rane : Rayne,
a parish in the Garioch. Schiram de Dauyot : now called Daviot, a
parish in the Garioch adjoining Rayne.
This charter confirms or grants three estates : the first in and near
Old Aberdeen, consisting of Sclaty, Goul, Murcroft, Malmeulech,
Kirkton, and Kinmundy ; the second, comprising Clatt and Tullynessle ;
and the third, Rayne and Daviot.
Decimam annonae. Annona is grain ; * in eodem loco,' is
Aberdeen.
Decimam meam de redditibus de Aberden. In the Bull of Pope
Adrian it is expressed : " totam decimam regis de burgo Abbirdon."
Decimam thanagiorum. In the Bull of Pope Adrian IV.: "Decima
eorum quae sunt inter duas aquas quae de De et de Spe dicuntur," and
in a charter by King Malcolm IV. : " (decimam) omnium escaetarum
me contingentium inter duas aquas. . . ." Mr. Skene has an exhaus-
tive note on thanages, their number and situation (Fordun, Vol. II.,
p. 416).
CXVII.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham. Dr. Raine, N. Durham,
App., p. 25, No. CXI. ; facsimile, Anderson's Diplom., plate 71.
This may have been granted any time between 1124 and 1138, when
Earl Gospatric was killed at the Battle of the Standard. It was con-
firmed by King David, A.D. 1139 (No. cxxi., ante, p. 93), and by the
Bishop of St. Andrews, A.D. 1150 (No. ccxili., p. 174). Earl Gos-
patric, addressing all the sons of the Holy Mother Church, higher and
lower, ordained and lay, announces that he has granted in alms to
God and to the monks of St. Cuthbert, the vill of Ederham and its
church and all its chapels, and the other vill called Nesbite, for the
souls of King Malcolm arid of his sons, the kings Edgar and Alex-
ander, and for King David and his son Henry, and for the weal of the
granter and his wife and sons, and for the souls of all his relations ;
and, if any one impugn the grant, let God deal with him. May God
356 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
take both this life and the kingdom of heaven from any one who
diminishes this grant.
p. 90. Gospatricus comes frater Dolfini. Gospatric was a son of
that Gospatric who was for a time Earl of Northumbria in 1067, and
again from 1069 till 1072. Gospatric, the younger, usually described
himself as the brother of Dolfin, who was Lord of Cumberland (per-
haps under the Scottish king) until he was deprived of his lordship by
King William Rums. While his brothers Dolfin and Waltheof had
great possessions in England, Gospatric got from his father the earl-
dom in the south of Scotland which his descendants afterwards called
the Earldom of Dunbar. Besides his Scottish earldom Gospatric held
lands in Northumberland. He is supposed to be the ' summus dux
Lodonei' who was killed at the Battle of the Standard in 1138, and it
seems certain that he died in that year. From him descended a long
line of earls, and, if any of the name of Dunbar can trace their
pedigree to him, they are of the best blood in Scotland.
Ederham is Edrom, a parish in Berwickshire. The forger of the
charters XV., xvi., and XVIL, ignorant that the land was the gift of
Earl Gospatric, included it among the lands granted by King Edgar.
Nesbit is an estate in the parish of Edrom.
Testibus : Gospatrico filio ejus was the son of the granter, not the
son of William. He succeeded to the Earldom. Ulkil filio Meld5 is
the same as Ulchil son of Maldred, ante, pp. 64, 65. If there be truth
in the statement that Earl Gospatric's grandfather was Maldred,
brother of King Duncan I., this may be the Earl's uncle. Rand de
Lindesai. He was a witness, ante, pp. 150, 157. Lord Lindsay, in
the Lives of the Lindsays, I., p. 20, says : " Contemporary with the
original Walter de Lindsay and his successor William, lived another
De Lindsay, probably the brother of the former, by name Randolphus
or Ranulphus, who obtained large estates in Cumberland ... in mar-
riage with Ethelreda of Allerdale, granddaughter of the illustrious
refugee Cospatrick, and sister of Gunilda, wife of Uchtred, the Pictish
Prince of Galloway. Randolph witnesses charters of King David, of
Henry, Prince of Scotland, and of his uncle, Earl Cospatrick the
second, and is otherwise known by his gifts to the Priory of St. Bees
in Cumberland . . . and to the Priory of Carlisle, whose representa-
tives, the Dean and Chapter, still hold the manor of Lorton in virtue
of his donation." I am uncertain whether he left issue.
S. presbitero : probably Swain, the priest of Fishwick. John the
chaplain. He is a witness to charters, pp. 136, 189. He held a land
in burgage, in Roxburgh (ante, pp. 193, 194, 195). Gosp' filio Crin
and Aldan his brother are unknown. Lamberton dapifer. I think he
is the same as William de Lambertun, pp. 85, 140, 147.
CXVIII.
Registrum Prioratus S. Andreae, fol. 79 b ; Bannatyne Club edition,
p. 1 86.
King David, addressing the Bishops, Abbots, Earls, Barons, and all
NOTES CXVII.-CXVIII. 357
his liegemen, announces that he has granted to God and to St. Andrew
the Apostle, in alms, the church of Linlithgow, with its chapels and
lands, both within and without the burgh, for the purpose of lighting
the church and to clothe the canons there serving God.
This is a spurious charter. It is witnessed by William the Chan-
cellor, who ceased to be chancellor in 1140, and the canons were not
brought to St. Andrews until 1144. Another charter in the same
register, fol. 90 a, granting Linlithgow to St. Andrews is, I think,
genuine.
" David Dei gratia Rex Scotorum,cunctis catholicae ecclesiae fidelibus
totius regni sui salutem. Sciatis me concessisse et dedisse in per-
petuum in elemosinam Deo et Sancto Andreae Apostolo, ecclesiam de
Linlidcu cum capellis et terris et omnibus aliis rectitudinibus prae-
dictae ecclesiae pertinentibus ad luminaria ecclesiae Sancti Andreae
invenienda. Et si quid superfuerit, sustentationi ministrorum altaris
Sancti Andreae tribuatur. Volo itaque et firmiter praecipio quod
ecclesia Sancti Andreae et eidem ecclesiae servientes et servituri ita
bene et in pace libere et quiete et honorifice hanc habeant elemosinam
et teneant in capellis et terris et decimis et in omnibus aliis rebus
ecclesiae pertinentibus sicut ulla ecclesia in regno meo melius et
honorificentius sua jura tenet. Testibus Willelmo Cancellario et
Hugone de Morevilla et Herberto Camerario. Apud Kinros."
I prefer it, because it omits the words ' canonici ' and 'ad vesti-
tum canonicorum,' which, I think, were introduced to benefit the
canons who were appointed some time after the grant of the church of
Linlithgow to the church of St. Andrews. King David, in the con-
firmation (CLXIIL, p. 127), speaks of his gift of the church of Linlith-
gow. In King William's confirmation it is said to have been the gift
of Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews. A later charter by King Alexander
II. states that it was the gift of the King and of the Bishop. (Reg.
Prior. S. And., p. 233.) This grant was confirmed by the Bulls of
successive Popes (Reg. Prior. S. And., pp. 54, 57, 63, 68, 72, 77, 92,
99, 103), and by Bishops of St. Andrews (pp. 130, 142, 145, 147, 149,
155, 159, 167).
p. 90. Linlithgow was a burgh which grew up round the castle which
belonged to the Crown. The church of St. Michael was in the castle.
King David granted a toft in Linlithgow to the Abbey of Stirling
(ccxxxv., ante, p. 189); a mansura in Linlithgow to the Abbey of
Dunfermline (ccix., p. 168) ; and he granted to the Abbey of Holy-
rood the skins of sheep, " de castello et de Linlitcu quae moriuntur in
meo dominio" (No. CLIII., ante, p. 116).
358 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CXIX.
Dugdale, Monast., HI., p. 313. It is taken from the Register of St.
Albans in the British Museum, Cotton. MSS.
David, King of Scots, to the bishops, abbots, earls, sheriffs, barons,
and all his liegemen of his land, French and English and Scots and
Galloway men, announces that he has granted his peace to the church
of St. Mary and St. Oswin the Martyr at Tynemouth and to the
monks and to their men and property, and to all those who were in
the peace of St. Mary and St. Oswin on St. Barnabas day, 1 138. This
he granted for the souls of his father and mother and of his brother
Alexander, who had granted his peace to the same church, and for the
soul of his sister Matilda, the Queen of England, and for his ancestors
and successors. His son Henry assenting. The peace which was
arranged in 1136 between King David and King Stephen was of
short duration. In 1137, King David, in the absence of King
Stephen in Normandy, demanded the Earldom of Northumbria for
his son Henry. A truce was arranged until Stephen's return ; then
in February, 1138, the English King marched across the border into
Roxburghshire. He retreated, and the Scots took the offensive.
The King and his son Henry ravaged Northumberland, where
his army committed horrible barbarities. Simeon of Durham
(Twysden, 259 et seg.}. The monastery at Tynemouth avoided
destruction by a payment of twenty-seven marks of silver to King
David, and this charter of protection was granted.
William Fitz Duncan was for a time successful and won a battle
at Clitheroe in June, 1138. This charter was granted shortly after
the 1 6 June, St. Barnabas day, while King David was besieging
Norham castle.
Richard of Hexham (Twysden, 318), after describing the cruelty with
which King David and William Fitz Duncan ravaged Northumber-
land and Durham, says that a serious discontent arose in the Scots
army on account of a woman, and that the danger was increased by
the rumour of the approach of a great army from the south of England.
David I. commenced to retreat to Scotland. Gaining confidence on
his way northward, the King besieged the castle of Norham, while
part of the army under William Fitz Duncan went into Yorkshire and
there won the battle of Clitheroe. The garrison of Norham consisted
of only nine soldiers, who maintained a successful defence for a long
time. Having no hope of assistance from the Bishop of Durham, they
surrendered, for which they were blamed because the castle was not
injured and there was abundant food. King David offered to restore
the castle to the Bishop if he would abandon the cause of King
NOTES CXIX.-CXXI. 359
Stephen. On his refusing to do so, it was partially destroyed. While
the siege was going on the church of Tynemouth bought this
protection.
p. 92. Gospatric, the Earl. Shortly afterwards he was killed at the
Battle of the Standard. Hugo de Moreville. In Ailred's History of the
Battle of the Standard, Moreville's name is not mentioned, but this
E roves that he accompanied the King in the invasion of Northumber-
md and was at the siege of Norham.
cxx.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham. Printed by Raine,
N. Durham, App., p. 6, No. XXIII. A seal attached.
It appears from this that the rights of the monks to lands gifted by
Gospatric (by CXVii., ante, p. 90) had been disputed, probably by his
son and heir, Gospatric the Earl. The King orders his Sheriff of
Roxburgh, G. Ridell, to hold the lands until the King go into the
district. The 'breve' is imperfect.
p. 92. Ponatur in respectum. " Ponere in respectum," ' to delay, to
sequestrate or put land which is in dispute in neutral custody until
the dispute be settled.' "Demandam de 28 lib. ponat in respectum
usque ad reditum Regis de partibus transmarinis " (26 Henry III.,
Abbrev. Rot., I., p. 4). 9 Rich. I.: "Assisa Magna . . . ponitur in
respectum usque ad adventum justiciariorum in partibus illis." Charta
Edw. III., 1328; Rymer 4, 367: "Et homagia illorum qui nobis
homagia facere tenentur, ponatis in respectum quamdiu nostrae
placuerit voluntati" (Du Cange).
CXXI.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham, with a seal. Printed
by Raine, N. Durham, App., p. 5, No. XX.
Confirmation by King David of the grant by Gospatric, brother of
Dolfin, of Ederham and Nesbit to the church of Coldingham (ante,
CXVii., p. 90). Probably this was issued after the King went to
Berwickshire and made the enquiry contemplated in the mandate
No. cxx.
p. 93. Testibus . . Daniel, Prior de Geddewrda. This is the only
notice in Scottish record of this prior. It proves that the Priory of
Jedburgh was founded before September, 1139. Duncan the Earl:
this shows that he succeeded his father, Earl Gillemichel, before
16 August, 1139. The other witnesses have been already noticed.
360 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CXXII.
Register of the Priory of St. Andrews, fol. 78 a ; Bannatyne Club
edition, p. 180.
It is a grant in free alms to God and to the church of St. Andrew at
Chilrimont (St. Andrews) of the church of St. Mary of Haddington with
the chapels, lands, and rights which belong to it, viz. the whole of
Haddingtonshire, to be held as freely as the then existing tenants
held of the King and of Theinus and of others. It was, I think,
granted between 1138 and 1140, i.e. after Bishop John returned from
Tiron in 1138, and before 1140, when William ceased to be chancellor,
and when Nicolas, the prior of Scone, died.
p. 93. Haddington. The church of Haddington was one of the
richest and most important of the parish churches in Scotland. It
continued attached to the Priory of St. Andrews until the Reformation.
This grant was confirmed by Popes Lucius III., Gregory VIII.,
Clement III., Innocent III., Honorius III., and Innocent IV.
(Reg. Prior. S. And., pp. 58, 63, 68, 72, 77, 92, 99, 103.) The
church was served by a vicar. " Oblationes obventiones totius
parochiae de vivis et de mortuis tarn de capellis quam de matrici
ecclesia, et omnes decimae negotiationis burgensium et aliorum
negotiatorum et conductiorum et decimae ortorum infra burgum cum
medietate feni et domus juxta ecclesiam in qua vicarius residere
consueverat in usus et sustentationem vicarii cedant" (Reg. Prior. S.
And., p. 158). There are many charters in the Register of the
Priory relating to the church of Haddington.
p. 94. Cum capellis. The chapels were dedicated to St. Laurence,
St. Martin, St. Catherine, St. Kentigern, and St. John.
Hadintunschir : the parish included a considerable part of Athel-
staneford and Gladsmuir.
Theinus was, I think, not a thane, but the name of the overlord of
some of the lands held by the church of Haddington.
CXXIII.
From Dugdale's Monasticon, in., p. 584, taken from the original in
the Charter Chest of St. Mary's at York. It is not included in Dr.
Prescott's edition of the Registrum Prior, de Wetheral.
King David, addressing the earls, justiciars, and all his liegemen of
Cumberland, French and English and Cumbrians, announces that he
has granted to the monks of St. Mary's at Wetheral a mark of silver
annually, to be paid from the profits of his mill at Scotby with the
tithe of that vill.
p. 95. Scotby, in the parish of Wetheral, was one of several manors
in Cumberland which had belonged for a long time to the kings
NOTES CXXII.-CXXV. 361
of Scotland ; others were Penrith, Langwathby, Salkeld, Great
Carlton, and Soureby. Uchtred, son of Liulf (who held the mill of
Scotby under the King of Scots), granted it to the Priory of Wetheral
(Prescott, p. 41). A rent was due to the King, and by this grant of a
mark of silver annually the King renounced right to the payment
due to him by the priory. The tithe of the vill of Scotby had long
before been granted to Wetheral. The King confirmed the grant.
Wedheral is Wetheral near Carlisle. The church was dedicated to
the Holy Trinity and to St. Mary and St. Constantine. Before A.D.
1 1 12, Ranulf Meschin, Lord of Cumberland, made it a cell of the
Abbey of St. Mary at York.
CXXIV.
Dugdale's Monast., III., p. 584. Dr. Prescott does not include it in
his Registrum de Wetheral.
It is a mandate by Earl Henry that the monks of Wetheral be free
of toll throughout all his land. After the temporary successes of the
Scottish army at Clitheroe and at Norham in June, 1138, Kind David
was defeated at the Battle of the Standard in August of that year ;
by the intervention of the Papal Legate, and especially of the Queen,
the wife of Stephen, who was a niece of the Scottish King, the
Scots got better terms than they were entitled to. John of Hexhani
(Twysden, 265). " Instantia vero Reginae Anglorum pax convenit inter
duos reges Henrico filio regis Scotiae apud Dunelmum accipiente
comitatum Northymbriae. Confirmata est haec concordia per Reginam
et Henricum filium Regis Scotiae apud Dunelmum V Idus Aprilis
coram Comitibus et Baronibus Angliae datis obsidibus a Scotia in
firmamentum fidei. Profectus est autem cum Regina, Henricus Comes
ad Regem Angliae ad Notingaham et obseqiiens ei per aestatem
impensas munificas fecit. Qui et accepit conjugem Ada. ..."
After his marriage Earl Henry took possession of his Earldom of
Northumberland.
p. 95. Gilebertus de Umfraville, a son of Robert de Umfraville.
William de Herziz (a clerical error for Heriz) was a witness to charters
CLXXXVII. and CCXLiv., ante, pp. 150, 197. The Heriz were vassals of
the de Bruces, with whom they were often associated. Apud Carl', at
Carlisle.
CXXV.
Regist. Epis. Glasguensis, Maitland Club edition, p. 12, No. 9.
King David, addressing his barons, officers, and all his liegemen of
his whole kingdom, as well Galloway men as English and Scotsmen,
362 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
announces that he has granted to God and to the church of St. Kenti-
gern of Glasgow, in perpetual alms, the tithe of his ' chan ' in beasts
and pigs due to him annually from Strathgriua and Cunegan and
Chul and Karric, except when the King himself stays in those districts
and consumes his ' chan.'
p. 96. Chan has been already explained to be rent payable in kind
to the owner or overlord of land. Earl David had can from Gallo-
way, a part of which he granted to the Abbey of Selkirk (ante, xxxv.,
p. 27).
Strathgriua is Strathgryfe, the valleys of the Gryfe and its tribu-
taries, which comprise almost the whole of the shire of Renfrew.
The Gryfe rises in the parish of Greenock, and flows through Kilma-
colm, Houstoun, Kilbarchan, Erskine, Inchinnan, and Renfrew, where
it joins the Cart which traverses the rest of the shire. Strathgryfe
was granted to Walter the son of Alan, probably by King David I. ;
certainly Walter held it in the reign of Malcolm IV., to whom he was
dapifer or steward.
Cunegan is Cunningham, the northern division of Ayrshire, which
David I. granted to Hugo de Moreville, who in it founded the
Abbey of Kilwinning.
Chul is Kyle, the middle division of Ayrshire.
Karric is Carrick, the southern part of Ayrshire, which was
either granted to Fergus of Galloway or was part of his paternal
inheritance. Fergus de Galweia was the descendant and representa-
tive of the old chiefs of Galloway. He is never styled ' comes ' ; the
Chronicle of Holyrood calls him 'princeps.' He married an illegiti-
mate daughter of King Henry I. of England. He founded the
monasteiy of Dundrennan, and restored the Bishopric of Candida
Casa. In 1160 he became a canon in Holyrood Abbey, where he
died.
CXXVI.
Registrum Epis. Glasguensis, Maitland Club edition, p. 12,
No. 10.
The King, addressing his justices, sheriffs, barons, and all his officers
of Cumberland, announces that he has granted to the church of St.
Kentigern of Glasgow, the eighth penny of all his pleas throughout
' Cumbria,3 both in money and cattle, and he orders that the church
may enjoy this share as freely as any ' elemosina ' can be given and
held.
It is a question of difficulty what is here meant by "iota Cumbria."
In some chronicles the name Cumbria is applied to part of the south
of Scotland, corresponding generally to the diocese of Glasgow, and
this may be a grant of the eighth part of the King's pleas in that
NOTES CXXV.-CXXVII. 363
part of his own kingdom ; if so, it is the " octavum denarium in auro
et argento et animalibus de placitis regis qui fiunt in episcopatu tuo"
which Pope Alexander III. confirmed to the Bishop (Reg. Epis. Glas.,
p. 22). In 1172, the same Pope confirmed to the see "decima octavi
denarii de placitis regis" (Reg. Epis. Glas., p. 26). On the other hand,
Cumbria may mean Cumberland, and the fact that this charter is
addressed to the justices, sheriffs, etc., of Cumberland supports that
view. King David and his son Henry had rights in Cumberland
under the King of England after 1 136. For a time they lost them, but
again from 1139 till 1157 Carlisle and a part of Cumberland were in
the possession of the Scottish kings, David I. often resided at
Carlisle. His right to Carlisle was disputed by Ranulf Meschin,
Earl of Chester. John of Hexham (Twysden, 268), under date 1141 :
" Eodem anno Henricus Comes cum conjuge sua ad regem Angliae
profectus est. Insurrexit in inimicitias in eum Ranulfus Comes
Cestriae propter Karlel et Cumberland quam jure patrimonii sibi
reposcebat. Voluit que eum in reditu cum armata manu involvere."
King David, however, continued to hold Carlisle, and in 1150 it was
agreed between him and the Earl of Chester that the Earl should get
the Honour of Lancaster instead of Carlisle. John of Hexham
(Twysden, 277).
It is by no means clear what King David's position was in Cumber-
land. He was not earl, and I do not know whether he had right to
the fines, etc., in pleas of the courts of Cumberland. I find no trace
of the Bishop of Glasgow having any rights or privileges in Cumber-
land after the institution of the Bishopric of Carlisle in 1133. This
charter was granted at Cadzow near Hamilton. A large number of
the witnesses are Scottish men : 'Fergus of Galloway, Radulf and
Donald, sons of Dunegal, and Alwin Mac Archil.
CXXVII.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 6b ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 10,
No. 9.
A mandate to the Sheriff of Stirling to give to the Abbey of Dun-
fermline a saltpan near the King's saltpans, apart and free as the
King's pans are ; the men of the abbey working there to be in the
King's peace.
p. 97. Salina. The saltpan presumably was within the shire of
Stirling, on the shore of the Firth of Forth.
364 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
p. 97. Gillebertus vicecomes : the same as Gilebertus de Striuelin,
p. 86. There were three sheriffs of Stirling in the reign of David I.:
William, Gilbert, and Dufoc.
CXXVIII.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 7 a ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 14,
NO. 22.
King David, addressing the bishops, earls, barons, etc., of his king-
dom of Scotland, announces that he has granted in perpetual alms to
the church of Dunfermline the land of Petheneach with all its pertinents
and rights and its woods free from hunting. The King prohibits distress
being taken on that land for the wrong done by any stranger. The
men and the land and all their goods have the King's peace.
p. 97. Petheneach ' juxta Eren ' in Moray. This grant was confirmed
by David I., Malcolm IV., William the Lion, and Alexander II. and
III., and also by Pope Alexander III. The Abbey of Dunfermline
afterwards granted Petheneach to the Priory of Urquhart.
p. 98. Malisio marescall : probably the same as Malodenus marescal,
a witness, p. 86.
CXXIX.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham ; a seal attached ; fac-
simile, Anderson's Diplomata, p. xx ; Raine, N. Durham, App., p. 24,
No. evil.
Earl Henry, addressing the justices, barons, sheriffs, etc., of his
Earldom of Northumberland, announces that the lands and possessions
of the monks of Durham are in his peace and under his care, and he
orders all his officers to support the men of the church lands, and
prohibits any from doing them injustice.
By the treaty of Durham, 9 April, 1139, Henry the King's son
acquired the Earldom of Northumberland, which he held until his
death in 1152.
p. 98. Engelram. When he became Earl of Northumberland,
Earl Henry appointed as his chancellor Engelram, the Rector of
Peebles and Archdeacon of Glasgow, who afterwards became chan-
cellor of Scotland in the reign of Malcolm IV. He succeeded
Herbert as Bishop of Glasgow in 1164. At Norham he denied the
authority of the Archbishop of York as Legate and appealed to Rome.
He was consecrated by Pope Alexander III. at Rome. (Chron.
Melros, p. 79.) Keith says he was a brother of the laird of Dunsyre
in Lanarkshire ; but that is a mistake. Helias of Dunsyre was the
brother of Bishop Joceline ; not of Bishop Engelram (see Liber
de Kelso, No. 356).
NOTES CXXVII.-CXXXII. 365
cxxx.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham, with a seal attached ;
Raine, N. Durham, App., p. 24, No. CIV.
Henry the son of the King of Scotland greets Gospatric the Earl,
orders him (i) to permit the land of Edrom and Nesbit, given by his
father in alms, to be free and quit (as had been agreed in the year
before in presence of the King and Robert de Bruce and other
barons) until the King returns, and (2) quickly to restore the oxen with
sureties. Probably granted in 1141 when King David was in England
with his niece the Empress. Earl Henry did not accompany his
father to London and Winchester.
p. 99. Ada vicecomes was sheriff of Northumberland. A charter by
him is given by Bateson in his History of Northumberland, printed
in Genealogist, Vol. XV., p. 135: "Omnibus baronibus comitatus
Northumb. Francis quam Anglis et cognatis et amicis suis Adam vice-
comes Northumbrie (deed damaged) . . . fratrem meum Willelmum
concessisse et dedisse Deo et Sancto Cuthberto propter elemosinam
et . . . iam ipsius Sancti, Arkil de Matefen cum tota [sequela] sua, Et
ego Adam haeres ejus hoc idem concede pro anima fratris mei et
heredum ejus et mea anima et heredum meorum, concedente Johanne
fratre meo et Ernaldo fratre meo. Testibus Bernardo clerico, etc."
CXXXI.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham, with a seal attached ;
Raine, N. Durham, App., p. 25, No. CX.
Henry the son of the King of Scotland, addressing his justices,
sheriffs, barons, and all his men of Northumberland, French and
English, announces that he, at the request of Nicolas, had granted to
the monks of St. Cuthbert a fishing in the Tyne called Bradyair which
Nicolas held of him, with Croc which belongs to it, free and quit of all
service. In addition Henry grants the ploughgate of land in Cran-
linton which the same Nicolas gave to them with three tofts and thirty
acres of moor, fifteen acres on one side of the vill and fifteen on the
other, and a croft of meadow surrounded by an old ditch.
These fishings and lands were in Northumberland, and as Earl,
Henry now confirmed the grants of Nicolas to the church.
CXXXII.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 7 a ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 14,
No. 23. The heading is "De Durnach."
King David, addressing Reinwald, Earl of Orkney, and the Earl
366 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
and all the liegemen of Caithness and Orkney, commands them as
they love the King to cherish the monks who live at Dornoch in
Caithness, and to see that none do them any injury.
p. 100. Reinwald. Paul, Earl of Orkney, on the death of his
brother Harold, 1139-1140, obtained possession of the whole of Caith-
ness. The King of Norway, however, divided Caithness and the
Orkneys between Paul and his cousin Kali, a nephew of Earl Magnus :
Kali received the Earldom of Orkney and took the name of Rognwald,
he went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and died leaving an only
daughter, who married Eric Slagbrellis, she had three sons, of
whom Harold Ungi became Earl of Caithness ; he was slain in 1 198
by Earl Harold the elder. His sister married Gillebride, Earl of
Angus, and their son Magnus, in 1232, became Earl of Caithness.
Their family held the earldom until about A.D. 1300.
Durnach is Dornoch in Sutherland. The original parish church of
Dornoch, the date of whose foundation is unknown, was dedicated
to St. Bar (Finbar or Fymber), a native of Caithness and Bishop of
Cork. There seems to be no record of a monastery at Dornoch.
CXXXIII.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham, with a seal attached ;
Raine, N. Durham, App., p. 24, No. cm.
Henry, Earl by the grace of God, son of David, King of Scots,
announces that he has granted to the church of St Mary and St. Cuth-
bert at Coldingham and to the monks serving there, in perpetual alms
Ederham and Nesbit as Gospatric the brother of Dolfin held them on
the day of his death, as freely as they hold the other lands which
belong to Coldingham. Earl Henry here repeats the charter of his
father the King (ante, p. 93), granted at least two years earlier.
The Earl's charter was given at Durham, where William Cumyn
the chancellor held the castle and the temporalities of the see
during his unsuccessful attempt to be elected as Bishop. The
attempt of the Scottish chancellor to take the Bishopric of Durham
is an interesting episode in King David's reign and one in which,
I fear, the Scots- King and his son did not play perfectly credit-
able parts. In April, 1140, William Cumyn went to Durham, and
seeing that the Bishop, Galfrid, was about to die, he took immediate
steps to secure the see. The Bishop died before the prepara-
tions were completed ; his death was kept secret and the dead
body of the prelate lay unburied, rudely preserved in salt. Some of
the monks of Durham were in William Cumyn's favour ; but the more
influential, including the Prior and the Archdeacon, were his deter-
mined opponents. William Cumyn secured the castle and prevented
NOTES CXXII.-CXXIII. 367
the chapter meeting for an election. At one time success seemed
assured. Mr. Round (Geoffrey de Mandeville, p. 85): "The would
be Bishop of Durham, William Cumin, had come south with the King
of Scots (whose chancellor he was) accompanied by certain barons of
the bishopric and a deputation from the Cathedral chapter. Nominally,
this deputation was to claim from the Empress and the Legate a
confirmation of the chapter's canonical right of free election ; but, in
fact, it was composed of William's adherents, who purposed to secure
from the Empress and the Legate, letters to the chapter in his favour.
The Legate not having arrived at Court when they reached the
Empress, she deferred her reply till he should join her. In the result,
however, the two differed, for while the Legate, warned from Durham,
refused to support William, the Empress, doubtless influenced by her
uncle, had actually agreed as sovereign to give him the ring and staff,
and would undoubtedly have done so but for the Londoners' revolt."
After many delays, William de St. Barbara, the Dean of York, was
elected Bishop of Durham. The new Bishop was consecrated in 1143.
William Cumyn still held the castle. In the course of 1 144 an arrange-
ment was come to, Cumyn's nephew got the Honour of Alvertun, and
he himself and his followers were released from the excommunication
under which they had been laid. Bishop William de St. Barbara
entered into the see on 18 October, 1144. The last that is heard of
William Cumyn is that he was imprisoned by Richard de Luvetot and
cruelly treated. I give the passages from Simeon of Durham and John
of Hexham; they throw light on the the position and actions of the
Scots King and his son. Simeon of Durham, Historia de Dunelmensi
Ecclesia (Twysden, 63), speaking of Gaufrid, Bishop of Durham :
" Sed in ipsius obitu contigit ecclesiam gravissimas tempestatum pro-
cellas incurrere. Erat enim clericus quidam regis Scotiae Cancellarius
jam pridem eidem ante episcopatus notus et a secretis siquidem et
eum ab annis adolescentiae educaverat, qui paululum ante obitum
ejusdem Dunelmum veniens et cum eo familiariter conversatus cum
finem episcopi appropinquare cerneret, familiares quosque clericos
castellanos etiam sibi fide vel sacramentis associat, ut mortuo Episcopo
eidem castellum committerent. Eo igitur mortuo ab eisdem extorsit,
ut episcopus celaretur donee cum rege Scotiae loqueretur ut ipsius
adjumento episcopatum acquireret. Proinde quia cadaver aliter
teneri non potuit, evisceratus est a suis Episcopus et a monachis
absconditus, ne rem cognoscerent a tertia feria usque ad sextam feriam.
Tune enim eodem a curia reverso prior et monachi admittuntur
castello jam ad voluntatem ipsius disposito. Erat eo tempore maxima
regni turbatio. Siquidem Rex Stephanus dum Comitem Cestriae in
Lincolnia obsideret, idem Comes furtim egreditur et sociato sibi Comite
368 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Gloucestriae, ceterisque Imperatricis fautoribus ad urbem regreditur,
ubi inter eos praelio facto, rex milite destitutus capitur, non tamen
absque detrimento capientium. Erat siquidem robustus viribus et
rebus bellicis eo tempore incomparabilis. Eo igitur incarcerate,
Imperatrix, Regis Henrici filia, cum magno favore a Londoniensibus
excipitur. Quo comperto, Rex Scotiae David ad curiam ejusdem
proficiscitur, secum Cancellarium suum ducens qui pretio ab eodem
exegerat ut ejus causa erga Imperatricem ageret. lamque se Dunel-
mensem electum vocari volebat, quod facile adulatoribus undecunque
concurrentibus persuasum est. Denique in curia jam constitutus tam
a Rege Scotiae quam caeteris mediantibus tandem in assensum
Imperatrix inducitur. Factoque consensu, cum jam jamque se baculo
episcopal! ab Imperatrice investiendum speraret, in ipsa curiae
coadunatione subito turba exoritur, a regiis commota fautoribus, et
Imperatrix cum suis omnibus aufugit, Londoniensium conspiratione
comperta. Nee multo post cum Imperatrix Wintoniae moraretur
ibidem a gente Londoniensium obsidetur, qui reginam evocaverant et
ei Londoniam tradiderant. Illic congressione facta a baronibus huic
inde pro partis utriusque favore confluentibus, Rodbertus, Comes
Glocestriae capitur, Rex Scotia fugatur, caeteri quique hue illucque
disperguntur. Hac vero captione contigit ut rex libere dimitteretur.
Rege Scotiae repatriante, Cancellarius predictus Dunelmi remansit
per tres annos, quibus vocabat episcopatus, operibus praetendens quo
respectu episcopatum desideraverit, nisi quantum eum spes honoris
adipiscendi refraenabat. Multa in episcopatu cupiditatis, imo crudeli-
tatis signa reliquit. Monachis tamen jocundus semper et affabilis
erat, a quibus se praemovendum sperabat. Sed cum sua spes fefellit,
secundo siquidem anno ex consilio capituli, Prior ecclesiae Eboracum
proficiscitur communicato primitus consilio ut quern ipse cum majoribus
ecclesiae eligeret ad hunc caeteri domi residentes animum intenderent
excommunicatis primitus ex sententia capituli Willielmi fautoribus."
John of Hexham (Twysden, 270) gives rather a different version
under date A.D. 1142: "Post Pascha Galfridus Episcopus Dunelmi
defunctus est. Super quo parentes ejus taciturn habentes, eviscere
turn et sale conspersum et infusum eum inhumatum reservaverunt
donee sub auctoritate David Regis Scotiae in munitionibus Dunelmi
reciperent Willielmum Cumin, Cancellarium ejusdem Regis. Fuerat
enim idem Willielmus clericus et alumpnus ejusdem Galfridi episcopi
in obsequiis Henrici Regis. Videns itaque David Rex multa
competere in Imperatricis neptis suae promotionem post ascencionem
Domini ad earn in Suth Angliam profectus est. Divertensque ad
Dunelmum receptus est in oppidum praecipitque omnia arbitrio
Imperatricis reservari : Willielmum que Cumin rerum gerendarum
NOTES CXXXIII. 369
curam interim gerere. A.D. 1142 (Twysden, 271-273, John of Hex-
ham, Surtees Soc., Vol. 44, p. 141): Willielmus quoque Cumin, ex
datione Imperatricis dominatus in rebus episcopalibus Dunelmensibus
plurimos plurimum afflixit. Potestas ejus quiddam tyrannicum sapuit.
Ranulfus Archidiaconus Dunelmensis, nepos Ranulfi Episcopi Dun-
elmi, vir praeclarae probitatis in ecclesiasticis necessitatibus, egressus
est, malens exulare quam intrusion! qua Willelmus Cumin ad epis-
copalem dignitatem spiravit acquiescere. Secutus est eum citius
Rogerus Prior ejusdem ecclesiae . . . Nee multo post in ecclesia
Dunelmensi interdictum est divinum officium cessavitque in ea omne
divinum canticum."
"Apostolicus vero posuit Willelmum Cumin sub anathemate et
Archidiaconatus ejus quern habuit in Wigornensi ecclesia sine spe
reposcendi, alii datus est. Qui super his exasperatus, in clericos et
laicos quoscunque comprehendit, instar immanissimi praedonis grassa-
tus est totamque pecuniam exhausit provinciae. Non erat princeps
neque dux qui ejus violentias comprimeret. Erat enim miles quidam
Rogerus de Coincneriis vir bonus et fidelis, hie non acquievit com-
municare actibus Willelmi Cumin. Unde in possessione sua, scilicet
in Biscoptun firmavit se munitiunculam quia locus congruebat, circum-
cinctus palude. In hac receptus est Willelmus Episcopus, fuitque
positus in moerore quia vidit homines et res episcopales affligi.
Henricus Comes filius regis Scotiae et Alanus Comes Richemundi
pecuniis Willielmi Cumin corrupti, episcopum cassis obsequiis saepe
deluserant. Venit idem episcopus cum multitudine ad Dunelmum
ecclesiam Sancti Egidii vallo circumcingere elaborans ut habent
locum ilium ad munimen sui. Et monachi qui inclusi erant occultum
aditum paraverant per quern episcopum cum suis introducere pro-
posuerant. Innotuit res Willielmo Cumin qui cum satellites suis
armatis irruens, violenter irrupit in monasterium, monachos que circa
corpus beati Cuthberti prostratos in angustia spiritus reperiens, jussit
trucidari, licet nullus acquiesceret, reposuitque illic custodes et arma."
A.D. 1144: "His diebus juvenis miles, Willielmus nepos Willelmi
Cumin, cum favore multorum edoctus res militares disponere et negotia
populi amministrare apud Merringtun ecclesiam Sancti Johannis
Evangelistae vallo circumcinxit et custodiam militum ibi disposuit.
Perdidit autem sensum juvenis quidam cementarius et periit, qui pro-
pugnacula in muris ecclesiae construxit. Percussus est et ipse miles
passione et morte subsequente, citius mulctatus est. Quo mortuo
concidit spes et fiducia Willelmi Cumin. Jamque modestius sapere
2 A
370 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
didicit et velle reconciliari episcopo priusquam de eo similis expeteretur
vindicta. Mediante ergo Willelmo Archiepiscopo, Willelmus Epis-
copus et Willielmus Cumin convenerunt in foedus pacis ut Ricardus
Cumin teneret de episcopo Alvertun et totum ilium honorem, caetera
de integro resignarentur in manu episcopi. Erat autem iste Ricardus
nepos Willelmi Cumin frater illius Willelmi defuncti. Die itaque
Sancti Lucae Evangelistae, Episcopus in sedem episcopalem introniza-
tus per manum Willelmi Archiepiscopi et Willelmus Cumin cum
multitudine sua absolutus est. Prosecuta est tamen eum debitae
ulcionis poena a Domino. Post aliquot enim dies miles quidam Rod-
bertus de Mundavilla in quern et in uxorem ejus scilicet filiam Galfridi
episcopi Dunelmensis idem Willielmus Cumin nequiter egerat, per-
cussit nepotem ejusdem Willelmi, Osbertum adolescentum militem
amantissimum omnibus qui in obsequio Henrici comitis filii Regis
Scotiae fuerunt et militem cum eo Stephanum potentem viribus et
strenuum inter socios Willelmi Cumin. Ipsum etiam Willielmum
Cumin, Ricardus de Luvetot comprehendit et per multos dies in carceris
tormentis gravibus et poenis afflixit" (Twysden, 274, John of Hexham,
Surtees Soc., Vol. 44, pp. 147-148).
CXXXIV.
Registrum Prioratus S. Andreae, fol. 78 a, b ; Bannatyne Club
edition, p. 181; Anderson's Diplomata, Plate xvn.
David, by the grace of God King of Scots, to the bishops, abbots,
earls, justices, barons, etc., announces that he has granted in perpetual
alms to the church of St. Mary at Haddington, Clerchetune by the
boundaries which William de Graham and others perambulated
after an agreement between the King and Thorald the Archdeacon
at Peebles. He also grants to the same church a full toft, beside
the church in the town of Haddington and all the tithes and church
rights in Haddingtonshire both in mills and other subjects. He orders
that the church shall hold the land of Clerchetune of him and of Thein
and of all others who have held Haddington of the King and his heirs
and of them and their heirs. Henry, the King's son, assents.
Chalmers (Caled., 2, p. 514) supposes this charter to have been
granted about A.D. 1134. It is probable that after St. Mary's church
was given to the church of St. Andrews by charter CXXII., ante, p. 93,
disputes arose as to the extent and boundaries of its lands in Hadding-
tonshire, which were settled at a meeting at Peebles of the King
and Thorald the Archdeacon of Lothian on behalf of St. Andrews.
The definition of the boundaries of Clerkington was referred to
William de Graham, Durand the Sheriff, and others, and the limits of
the church lands having been ascertained, the King granted the charter.
NOTES CXXXIII.-CXXXV. 371
p. 101. Clerchetune is Clerkington, an estate a little more than
a mile from the town of Haddington. Ex utraque parte aquae, i.e. of
the river Tyne. Willelmus de Graham, note to LXXII. Durandus
the Sheriff, probably of Haddingtonshire ; a different man from
Durandus miles, who is a witness to CLXXXVI. Richard — ' clericus,5
I think, omitted. Osbert, Prior of Edinburgh. He became the
second abbot of Hoiyrood in 1150, and died in the same year.
Malbet de Libertune. See note to LXXII. Gillandris son of Oggu
may be the son of that Oggu who was one of the * Judices Cum-
brenses3 of the Inquisitio (p. 46). Gille son of Mercheh, Ulfchil
son of Merewin, and Sewale miles are here said to have assisted in
the perambulation, their names are omitted in the charter by Earl
Henry, cxxxv. Toraldus archidiaconus, Archdeacon of Lothian.
See note to LXXXI.
Villa de Hadintune. It is not here called a burgh ; but in charters
ccni. and ccxxx. the King speaks of his burgh of Haddington.
In CCLX. Countess Ada says, " In burgo meo de Hadingtona."
p. 102. Theinus (p. 94, cxxn.) was one of the King's vassals.
The grant of the church lands was not to interfere with the rights of
those already holding land in Haddingtonshire. Testibus. There is
a long array of witnesses who met at Perth on the I4th of June.
The year is not given. Most of the witnesses have been already
noticed. Roger, the Prior of Dunfermline, is not mentioned else-
where though Roger Presbyter is a witness to several charters
in the Register of Dunfermline. Robert de Sigillo, a witness on
pp. 102, 104, 132, 134, 138. Can he be the Robert de Sigillo who
received the Bishopric of London from the Empress Maud in July,
1141, and died in 1151 or 1152? " Vacarit sedes Lundoniaet ad ipsius
favorem Rodbertus de Sigillo . . . qui fuit Cancellarius regis Henrici
nunc Monachus de Redingas vir bonus ad regimen illius sedes
accitus est." John of Hexham (Twysden, 269).
CXXXV.
Registrum Prior. S. Andreae, fol. 91 b ; Bannatyne Club edition,
p. 191.
Earl Henry repeats the grant made in the King's charter cxxxiv.
It is curious that though the King stated that his son Henry assented,
Henry in this charter says nothing about the King's grant ; he speaks
as if he had agreed with the Archdeacon, and as if he alone granted or
confirmed Clerchetune to the church of St. Mary. It is possible that
the King's charter was granted when Haddington was in the King's
hand, that it afterwards was given to Earl Henry and his wife, the
Countess Ada, and that to make the rights of the church more secure
this confirmation was obtained, in which Earl Henry's chancellor
contented himself with copying the King's charter, leaving out the
names of three of those who perambulated and correcting a mistake
in the King's charter where " ecclesia " had been inserted in a wrong
place.
372 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
p. 103. Testibus . . . The names of the witnesses and the place of
granting are different from those in the King's charter. William
Masculus appears also in the charters on pp. 105 and 159. He is
supposed to be the ancestor of the Maules.
CXXXVI.
Cartulaire de 1'Abbaye de Thiron, edited by Lucien Merlet,
Chartres, 1883, No. 60, foL 49.
The Abbey of Tiron, near Chartres, in France, was founded by St.
Bernard, circa A.D. 1109. St. Bernard was held in great reverence
and affection by King Henry I. of England. Before David I.
succeeded to the throne of Scotland he was the pupil and friend
of St. Bernard, who gave him some of his monks to fill the monas-
tery of Selkirk, the earliest of David's foundations. St. Bernard
died in 1116. From the mention of John, the Bishop of Glasgow, and
from the witnesses, I think that this charter was granted soon after
the return of the Bishop from Tiron in 1138.
Tiron was a quiet inland monastery in rural France, far from the
sea, and this grant exempting from can a ship of the convent,
wherever it may touch in Scotland, seems a privilege of which the
monks would never have the opportunity of getting any advantage ;
but perhaps they looked for a supply of dried sea fish from the
Scottish coast, and this charter may have been of use to those from
whom they bought fish.
p. 104. Testibus ... M. Lucien Merlet, the learned editor of the
Chartulary, has several notes on the witnesses. He says that Robert
Burgunnus was Robert de Bourguignon, Seigneur de Sable, third
son of Robert de Bourguignon, Seigneur de Sable", who joined the
Crusade in 1096. This is doubtful. Robert Burgunnus, was, I
think, the Sir Robert Burgonensis who held lands in the west of
Fife, and with whom the Keledei of St Serf's had a litigation early in
King David's reign. M. Merlet identifies ' Edward ' as the son of
Siward " lequel etait lui-meme le second fils d'un autre Siward Comte
de Northumberland et de Huntingdon, dont le fils aind etait Waltheof
le beau-pere de David." This is at best uncertain. Dunecano comite.
The witnesses are not arranged in order of their rank, and M. Merlet
confuses this Duncan, who was Earl of Fife, with an unknown descen-
dant of King Duncan II. Rogerio. M. Merlet says: " Neveu de
1'Eveque de S. Andre et le fils de Robert aux Blanches mains, Comte
de Leicester et de Peronnelle de Grandmesnil. II succeda a son oncle
dans I'eVechd de S. Andre." I am obliged again to differ from the
learned editor. Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, was of humble birth,
in no way connected with a subsequent Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
who was nephew of King David's daughter-in-law, Ada, Countess of
Northumberland. Apud Cluni is, I think, Cluny in Perthshire, and
not the celebrated French abbey. It is not likely that so many Scots-
men would be together in France.
NOTES CXXXV.-CXXXVIII. 373
CXXXVII.
From the Cartulaire de PAbbaye de Thiron, fol. 48, Vol. 2, p. 14.
The original charter on parchment is said to be preserved.
This is a repetition and confirmation by Henry, Earl of Northumber-
land, of his father King David's grant to the Abbey of Tiron.
p. 104. ' at ' comes, clerical error for ' et.'
Applicaverit and applicaverint, clerical errors for applicuerit and
applicuerint.
CXXXVII I.
Farcer's Lancashire Chartulary, p. 274 ; Register of Shrewsbury
Abbey, No. 322.
King David grants protection to the Abbey of Shrewsbury and con-
firms its right to half of the land of Biscopham. It is probable that
King David acquired the Honor of Lancaster, north of the Ribble, in
1139 by the Treaty of Durham. Mr. Farrer (p. 296), speaking of the
first treaty in 1136, said that King Stephen gave as the price of peace
Lancashire north of the Ribble, though King David held the Honor
until Whitsuntide, 1149, when he resigned it to Ranulf, Earl of Chester.
John of Hexham (Twysden, 277, Surtees Soc., Vol. 44, p. 159):
" Remisit autem idem Ranulfus indignationem qua Karleol sub patri-
monial! jure reposcere consueverat, fecitque homagium eidem regi
David. Convenit enim sermo inter eos ut pro Karlel haberet honorem
de Lanecastre ; filiusque Ranulfi Comitis ducturus foret uxorem unam
de filiabus Henrici filii regis Scotiae. His diebus rex Stephanus
venit Eboracum . . . et Rex David et tyro Henricus dux Norman-
niae et Ranulfus Comes Cestriae in unam sententiam convenerunt,
junctis viribus in regem Stephani pergere. Processitque rex David
cum copiis suis ad Lancastra et Henricus praedictus cum eo, ibi
enim Ranulfus Comes promisit cum collectis agminibus suis occurrere
illis. Qui, nichil eorum quae condixerat prosecutus, avertit propositum
eorum. Ic circo Henricus dux in patriam suam reversus in militaribus
se exercuit disciplinis. . . ."
p. 105. The Benedictine abbey of St. Peter's of Shrewsbury was
founded about A.D. 1087 by Earl Roger de Montgomery, who brought
monks from Seez (Eyton, History of Shropshire, I., p. 35 ; V., p. 170).
In 1094 Earl Roger granted to the Abbey of St. Martin of Seez the
church of St. Mary of Lancaster, and confirmed the grant by Godfrey
the Sheriff, of the tithes of Bischopeham (Farrer, p. 290). There is a
writ (Farrer, p. 273) from King Henry I. to Stephen, Count of Mortain,
A.D. 1129-1133, commanding him to allow the monks of Shrewsbury to
374 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
hold the moiety of Bispham free from all dues, pleas, and services.
Before 1141, the Abbot of Shrewsbury gave to the Priory of Lancaster
one team land of his demesne of Bispham and the tithes of Laton and
Warbreck (Farrer, p. 276). In 1147 the Abbot of Shrewsbury granted
the chapel of Bispham to the Abbey of Seez (Farrer, p. 283).
Bispham is on the coast of Lancashire, north of Blackpool ; it is
now united to Norbreck.
Testibus . . . Hugh de Morevill. Farrer says he was the Lord
of I shall and Burgh-upon-Sands ; but that is a mistake ; the wit*
ness was Hugh de Moreville, the King's friend, in Scotland Lord of
Lauderdale and Cunningham. Henry son of Swen is a witness to a
charter by King David to Dunfermline, No. 4. He had a great
estate in Cumberland. Chulch, probably Kelso, but Mr. Farrer
suggests that Chulch in this charter and 'Novum Castellum de
Culchet' in charter CXXXIX. are Culquith in Cumberland, which
appears as Culchet in the Pipe Rolls of Cumberland, in the 5th year
of King John.
CXXXIX.
Register of the Abbey of Shrewsbury, No. 87 ; Farrer, p. 275.
Charter of protection and confirmation by King David to the
monks of Shrewsbury of the church of Kirkham and land of Bispham.
p. 106. Chircheham. Kirkham is a parish in Amounderness in
Lancashire, north of the Ribble. In 1094 Roger 'the Poictevin'
granted to the brethren of St. Martin of Seez at Lancaster the church
of Kyrkham (Farrer p. 290), and about the same time Godfrey the
Sheriff granted the same church to the Abbey of Shrewsbury (Farrer,
p. 270). The two monasteries disputed as to their rights. Bernard,
Bishop of St. David was chosen arbiter. He gave this award :
" Bernardus Episcopus Dei gratia de Sancto David universis
sanctae ecclesiae fidelibus eternam in Domino salutem.
" Scire volo fraternitatem vestram quod ego interfui placito inter
Abbatem Salopesberiae et fratres Sagienses apud Lancastriam agitato
de ecclesia de Kirkeham, in quo idem fratres cernentes non se posse
obsistere multiplicibus munimentis quae Abbati de justa ejusdem
ecclesiae possessione suppetebant, concesserunt justae ejus calumniae
ita ut Prior eorum Johannes nomine ecclesiam ipsam cum omnibus
appendicibus Abbati per clavem contraderet, omne jus abnegans quod
in ea prius habere videbantur, decimam quoque Dominii de Waliton
quam ipsi fratres de Lancastro tenebant, concesserunt imperpetuum
Ecclesiae Salopesberiae. Abbas vero pro confirmanda inter eos con-
cordia dedit eis de dominio suo in Biscopeham terram unius carucae
et decimam de Latona et de Wardebrec, quibus ita determinatis
spopondit memoratus Prior quod hanc conventionem in capitulo Sagii
confirmari faceret, et literas Abbatis sui inde adquieret, et tarn ipse
quam omnes successores ejus res monachorum Salopesberiae sibi
vicinas pro posse suo manutenerent et ad placita eisdem rebus
necessaria rogati venirent. Huius conventionis ego mediator ac testis
extiti et mecum Jordanus Cancellarius Regis Scotiae, et clerici mei
NOTES CXXXVIII.-CXLI. 375
Johannes et Walterus, Hugo presbiter et plures alii." (Register
Shrewsbury Charter, 373 ; Farrer, Lancashire Chartulary, p. 276.)
Between 1144-1147, William, Archbishop of York, granted a charter
to the monks of Shrewsbury (Farrer, p. 280), reciting that during the
episcopates of his predecessors the monks of Shrewsbury had often
complained that they had been unjustly deprived of the church of
Kirkham ; he (thereto commanded by the Papal Legate) had heard
the case in the Synod at York, and the Synod had unanimously
agreed that the church of Kirkham should be restored to Shrewsbury,
the Abbot of Shrewsbury in return giving to the brethren of See"z at
Lancaster a part of Bispham and the tithes of Laton and Warbreck ;
David, King of Scots, holding the Honor of Lancaster, granted these
two charters. In 1147-1148 there was a composition between the
Abbot of Shrewsbury and the Abbot of Seez confirming the church
of Kirkham to Shrewsbury (Farrer, p. 282).
CXL.
Registrum Prioratus de Wetherhal, Dr. Prescott's edition, p. 312;
Dugdale's Monast, in., p. 595.
David, King of Scots, addressing the barons, sheriffs, and all his
liegemen of the whole of Cumberland and Westmoreland, announces
that he has confirmed the land and place which Adam the son of
Swain granted in perpetual alms to the church of St. Mary at York
and to the monks of Wetheral. The King declares that the monks
and their servants in the foresaid place are in his peace and under his
protection.
p. 1 06. Adam the son of Swain the son of Alric had great estates in
Yorkshire, Cumberland, and Westmoreland (Farrer, Lancash., p. 294) ;
he was Lord of Hornby aud Croxton. He had a large tract of country
east of the river Eden, including the parishes of Kirkland, Melmorby,
and Ainsleth, granted to him by Henry 1. He gave land to the
Priory of Pontefract ; he founded the Priory of Monkbretton (Dug-
dale, Monast, V., p. 136). In the Pipe Rolls for A.D. 1159 he appears
as receiving a hundred shillings under the King's writ.
CXLI.
The original is preserved in the Charter Chest of the Earl of
Morton. The seal is missing. It was printed with a facsimile by
Anderson, Diplomata, and in the Liber de Melros (with a facsimile).
Bannatyne Club edition, I., pp. 3 and 365.
Melros was the first Cistercian monastery founded in Scotland. In
1098 the Abbey of St. Mary at Citaux was built by some Benedictines
376 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
who adopted more austere rules and who were thereafter known
as Cistercians. About 1128 two monasteries of the new order were
established in England at Waverley and at Furness, and in 1132
Walter Espec brought Cistercian monks to Rievalle. From that
Yorkshire abbey King David brought a colony in March, 1136, to
a place on the Tweed not far from old Melros, where, some centuries
earlier, there had been a religious house connected with Lindisfarne,
of which at one time St. Cuthbert was the Abbot. The old monastery
at Melros had been destroyed long before 1136, but the Priory of
Durham retained some rights in the church, for the loss of which
Durham was compensated by a grant of the church of St. Mary at
Berwick.
The Cistercian monastery at Melros was founded immediately after
the agreement between King Stephen and King David in February,
1136. The earlier charters have not been preserved. This charter is
a curious composition, embodying two grants, the first made probably
in 1136, the second not earlier than 1143. The earlier of the two was
of the lands of Melros, Eldon, and Darnwick, with rights in the King's
forests and fishings in the Tweed. It was given at Erchildun in June,
probably June, 1136; but many writers are of opinion that Bishop
John (who is a witness) left his diocese in 1133 and was a monk in the
monastery of Tiron until he was recalled in 1138. There is, however,
reason to hold that Bishop John did not go to Tiron before the end of
1136, and to me it seems probable that the grant of Melros, Eldon,
and Darnwick, was made soon after the Cistercian monks arrived
from Rievalle, or at latest on the day of the foundation or dedication of
the church. The King and his son were present with a number
of Norman barons, who are placed first in the list of witnesses, then
follow the names of " homines de eadem terra," which I take to be
Tweeddale. The first of these is Gospatric the Earl. If this grant
was made in 1136, he was the Gospatric who was killed in 1138 at the
Battle of the Standard. Another of the men "de eadem terra" was
' Robert Brus Meschin,' the son of the great Yorkshire baron, to
whom his father transferred Annandale. The lands granted include
the site of the monastery and the surrounding land, with two granges,
Eldon and Darnwick, on the other side of the Tweed. King David
afterwards granted as an ' incrementum ' the land of Galtuneschalech
and the land and wood of Galtunesside, as these had been perambu-
lated by the King and by his son Henry and Abbot Richard on the
Friday, the day after Ascension Day, in the second year after Stephen,
King of England, was taken prisoner.
p. 107. Rieuall. The Abbey of Rievalle or Rievaulx was founded in
1132 by Walter Espec on the bank of the Rie, in Yorkshire. In the
NOTES CXLI. 377
version in Anderson's Diplomata instead of 'de Rievall' are the
words ' Cysterciensis ordinis.'
Melros, Eldune, and Dernewic are described in the endorse-
ment on the charter as three granges, and from this and from the
manner in which they are described, it is probable that the monks had
a grant in full demesne of these lands ; they were not the feudal
superiors of vassals holding the lands under them, they were to hold
and possess and cultivate. Besides these, they had the right to
pasture their animals, ' averia,' which included cattle and sheep, and
to take wood for burning and for building (' ligna et materiem ') from
the King's lands.
p. 1 08. Galche et Leder, the rivers Gala and Leader.
Praeter . . . Ridel. These words are interpolated in the original
charter, which, I think, ran on from ' ubique ' to ' volo itaque.'
Galtuneschalech and Galtunesside. The first of these lands does
not appear in the Register of Melros, except in the charters of
David I. and his son Earl Henry. Galtunesside is Gattonside on
Tweed.
Abbas Ricardus. (Morton, Mon. Ann., p. 202) : " Richard the first
abbot is said to have been a man of strict piety and integrity and
greatly esteemed at Court on account of his learning, eloquence,
and other good qualities, but little loved by his convent on account of
the warmth of his temper and the harshness with which he exercised
his authority. For the faults which sprang from this defect in his
character he was removed from his office by William, Abbot of
Rievalle. ... He retired to the Abbey of Clairvaux, in France,
where he died. ... He opposed the appointment of William Cumin,
Chancellor of Scotland, to the see of Durham, having discovered that
the letters he produced, as from the Pope, confirming his election were
forged."
Die Veneris crastino Ascensionis, the day after Ascension Day.
Anno scilicet secundo quo Stephanus Rex Angliae captus est. King
Stephen was taken prisoner at Lincoln on the 2 February, 1141.
Ascension Day in the second year after that was 14 May, 1143.
Hoc praesens donum is the second gift — the ' incrementum ' of
Galtuneschalech and Galtunesside witnessed by John the Bishop
of Glasgow, William the King's nephew, Hugh de Moreville, William
de Sumerville, and Gervase Ridel.
Testibus . . . These are the witnesses to the Foundation Charter
to Melros. Willelmo cancellario shows that it was granted before
May, 1140. Madd. comes is probably Madach, Earl of Athol. The
others are well-known English friends of King David ; many of them
held lands under him in the Earldom of Northampton.
378 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CXLII.
Registr. Vetust. of Melros, in the Adv. Library, Edinburgh.
Printed in the Liber de Melros, p. 4.
This is the confirmation by Henry, the King's son and heir, referred
to in the preceding charter by King David. It was granted some
years after Earl Henry's marriage in 1139, for he refers to his wife,
the Countess Ada, and to their sons. The Countess Ada was a
daughter of William Warrenne, second Earl of Surrey, by Elizabeth
de Vermandois, formerly the wife of Robert de Beaumont, Earl of
Leicester. Her mother left her first husband and lived for many
years with Earl Warrenne, and had eight children by him before she
married him.
In 1139 Countess Ada married Henry, Earl of Northumberland,
only son of David, King of Scots. She got for her dower Haddington
and Crail. They had six children: Malcolm, born March, 1142
(King of Scots, 1153-1165) ; William, born 1143 (King of Scots, 1165-
1214); David, Earl of Huntingdon, born 1144, died 1219; Ada,
married in 1161 Florence III., Count of Holland ; Margaret, married
in 1160 Conan III., Duke of Bretagne ; her daughter Constance
married Geoffrey, son of Henry II., and is the Constance of Shake-
speare's King John ; Matilda, died unmarried in 1152.
The Countess Ada was the sister of William, 3rd Earl Warrenne,
who was killed by the Turks at Laodicea in Jany., 1148, and half-
sister of Waleran, Count of Meulan, and of Robert, Earl of Leicester.
Her nephew became Bishop of St. Andrews ; one of her sisters,
Gundred, married Roger, Earl of Warwick ; a niece married William
de Blois, a son of King Stephen. Her husband died in 1152; she
survived him for 26 years, and died in 1178.
CXLIII.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 6b ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 10,
No. 7.
It appears from this, that before 1147 the canons of Stirling held
land in Cambuskinel, which owed tithe to the Abbey of Dunfermline ;
by this the King gave to Dunfermline the tithe of Brixwald's land in
Atherai in exchange for the tithe of the canons' land in Cambuskinel.
CXLIV.
Registrum de Neubotle, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 3, No. 2.
King David states that he has granted Neubotle in perpetual alms
to the church and monks of St. Mary's, except two ploughgates which
NOTES CXLII.-CXLVI. 379
he had given to Robert the iron-smith. His son Henry assents to and
confirms the grant.
The Abbey of Newbattle was the second Cistercian monastery
founded by King David. Shortly before i November, 1140, the
monks were brought from Melros with Radulph, who was the first
Abbot.
p. in. Neubotle, where the abbey was placed, is in Mid-Lothian,
on the Esk.
Robert Ferrario — ferrario, erroneously printed Ferrario. He was
not one of the noble family of de Ferrers, but a local blacksmith.
The date, I Nov., 1140, corrects the Chron. of Holyrood, which gives
1141 as the year in which the Abbey of Newbattle was founded.
Hugo de Moreville, constable. This is his earliest appearance as
constable. Perhaps Edward the Constable, his predecessor, was
killed at the battle of the Standard in 1138.
CXLV.
The original is in the possession of the Marquis of Lothian. The
seal is missing. Bannatyne Club edition of the Registrum de Neubotle,
p. 13, No. 17 ; with a facsimile.
David, King of Scotland, addressing the bishops, abbots, earls, etc.,
and all the liegemen of his kingdom, French, English, and Scots,
announces that he has granted to God and to St. Mary of Neubotle
and to the monks serving God there, Morthwait, described by
boundaries, to be held "in elemosina."
p. in. Morthuweit is Moorfoot, an extensive hill district of about
10 miles in length and 6 miles in breadth in the county of Edinburgh.
In the next charter it is stated that King David had perambulated the
boundaries.
p. 112. Castellum puellarum, Edinburgh Castle.
CXLVI.
Registrum de Neubotle, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 14, No. 18.
King David states that he has granted to the church of St. Mary of
Neubotle, and the brethren serving God there, Neubotle and Morth-
wait, which he had perambulated, accompanied by Hugo de Moreville,
Walter de Rydale, Richard de Castello, Petrus son of Kercambaldus,
and other barons. He also confirms to the abbey its right to
Ruchalech, and the land which Robert the blacksmith gave, and a salt-
pan in Blankeland and pannage in the King's forest and wood for
building.
380 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
p. 112. Neubotle: granted by charter CXLIV. Morthwait: granted
by charter CXLV. Ruchalech was granted by charter CXLVIII., which
ought to have preceded this. Blankeland probably was on the sea
coast.
Totum forestum. There was a tract of uncultivated land on the
Pentlands and Moorfoot hills which the King held as a forest, and
in which he here gives a right of pannage and to take timber for
building.
Praesentibus testibus. Oswaldo Carliolensis episcopo : the tran-
scriber made a mistake, Ethelwald was the name of the bishop,
which is rightly given in Earl Henry's confirmation, No. CXLVII.
CXLVII.
Registrum de Neubotle, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 14, No. 19.
Earl Henry repeats his father's grant, CXLVI., some years later than
1142. The Abbey of Stirling was not founded until 1147. Alwyn
resigned the Abbacy of Holyrood in 1150, about which time Osbert
the Prior became Abbot of Jedburgh.
CXLVIII.
Registrum de Neubotle, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 3, No. I.
King David grants Ruchale to the monks of Neubotle. On the
margin of the Register is written " Situs Monasterii." Ruchale is the
same as Ruchalech in charters CXLVI. and CXLVII.
p. 114. Alwyn, Abbot of Edinburgh, 1128-1150. Gilbert the Prior.
There is no Prior Gilbert mentioned in the Charters of Holyrood ;
probably he was Prior of Newbattle. Edward the Chancellor.
Edward became chancellor after William Cumyn ceased to hold the
office, when he went to England to take forcible possession of the
Bishopric of Durham, Edward remained chancellor until he was
elected Bishop of Aberdeen. Edward the Chancellor was a witness
to charters on pp. 115, 119, 120, 121, 122, 124, 131, 136, 138, 140, 141.
He was succeeded in the chancellorship by Jordan, who held the office
for a short time, and was succeeded by Walter de Bidun.
CXLIX.
Registrum de Neubotle, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 131, No. 162 ;
endorsed "Carta Reg. DD. de Salina in Carsa."
King David grants to the brethren of Neubotle a saltpan in
Kalentyr — Callendar, in Stirlingshire, on the Forth. This was con-
firmed by King Malcolm IV. (p. 131, No. 163) with the addition of a
common easement in pastures and waters and fuel for the saltpan from
NOTES CXLVI.-CL. 381
the wood of Kalentyr with common pasture, free of all custom and
secular exaction. The monks of Newbattle became owners of many
saltpans. King Malcolm IV. granted to the monks the arable land
which they had in Kalentyr in perpetual alms, paying therefor to the
King's 'Bondi3 four shillings sterling annually. King Alexander II.,
on the occasion of the dedication of the church of St. Mary of
Neubotle, confirmed its right to saltpans, the brethren of Torphichen
and the nuns of Manuel received a payment from the rents of these,
which payment the King engaged to make in the future. King
Alexander by another charter (No. 166, p. 133) assigned to the
Abbey of Neubotle four marks annually from the rents of his
saltpans in the Carse. David de Lindesay granted to the abbey the
saltpan which King William granted to William de Lindesay, his
grandfather. The monks took on lease, for twenty shillings a year
from the Abbey of Dunfermline, the saltpan lying between that of the
monks of Kelso and that of the canons of Cambuskenneth ; Newbattle
also took on lease from the Abbey of Kelso its saltpan for half a mark
a year, and a saltpan from the master and brethren of the Temple
(at Blantrodoch) for fifteen shillings a year. The abbey continued to
increase its salt works, for it got from Nicolas de Sules the saltpan
in the Carse of Callendar, which Walter, son of Alan the Steward,
gave to him. In 1255 the Abbot and Convent of Neubotle leased
to the Abbey of Holyrood two saltpans which they held of Walter
Olyfard and Sir David Cumyn (Reg. de Neubotle, p. 135, No. 171).
CL.
Registrum de Neubotle, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 4, No. 4.
A grant by the Abbot and Convent of Holyrood to the Abbot
and Convent of Newbattle of the land of Ruenhale instead of the
land of Dalkeith which Holyrood received from the King.
p. 114. Alwynus was the first abbot of Holyrood. Father Hay
(Dipl., 280, Charters of Holyrood, Preface, p. xviii) said of him :
" Alewynus, Sancti David regis confessor : scripsit is homilias pias
lib. i. epistolas ad di versos lib. i. Dempst. Cultu publico fato
functus venerabatur, populi frequentia, beneficia nee frustra postulantis,
invocato etiam in litaniis ejus auxilio. Ejus meminit liber diplomatum
de Newbotle, ad pag. 257 ubi Alwynus dicitur. Communi accla-
matione totius populi censetur Sanctorum Albo ascriptus. Excitatum
super corpus ejus altare, qui mos canonizandi Sanctorum turn erat
receptus, nondum edita Alexandri III. constitutione. Eo vivo, Rex
utensilibus Fanum locupletavit : alii donaria et redditus contulerunt.
Dempsterus tradit ecclesiam contemplatione abreptum, curae re-
nunciasse, anno 1141." That date, 1141, is a mistake, because the
Chronica S. Crucis states that he resigned in 1150. Chalmers,
382 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Caledon., 2, p. 753, says that the abbot died in 1155 ; but he gives no
authority. Abbot Alwyn was a witness to charters, pp. 113, 117, 147,
152, 158, 181, 186.
Ruenhale may be Ruchale, or Ruchalec, which King David
granted to Newbattle by charters CXLVII. and CXLVIIL, p. 113.
The land in Dalkeith was granted to Holyrood by King David in
exchange for ' Rhuchale' by charter CLX., p. 122.
CLI.
The original is in the Charter Chest of the Marquis of Lothian at
Newbattle. It is printed in the Bannatyne Club edition of the
Regist. de Neubotle, p. 5, No. 5, with a facsimile, and in Holyrood
Charters, p. 9, No. 7. It is endorsed " de remotione de Pettendrei."
Alwyn, Abbot of Holyrood, announces to the King, and to the
bishops, earls, and barons of Scotland, that he and his chapter had
acknowledged to Ralph the Abbot and Convent of Newbattle, with the
approval of King David, that the vill of Pittendreia should never be
moved nearer towards Newbattle than it was on the day when the
convent first went there.
p. 115. Ralph Abbot. Mr. Cosmo Innes in the Preface to the
Register of Newbattle, said : " Father Hay, not speaking loosely after
his usual manner, but evidently founding on some monastic authority
which has not been preserved to us, narrates the numerous privileges
and gifts which this Abbot obtained for his convent and his consecra-
tion of a cemetery within a precinct of the monastery. The Abbot,"
he says, " was a person of beautiful presence. He was continually
occupied in divine meditation, for from his youth he had loved his
Creator with all his heart. It is said that once, while he was engaged
in prayer in his cell, the devil appeared to him, blacker than pitch.
Abbot Ralph assisted at the settlement of a controversy concerning
the Crag of Treverlen between the Abbots of Holyrood and Kelso,
some time before the year 1 1 50. In the last year of the pontificate of
Innocent II. he obtained a bull, confirming to Neubotle the general
Cistercian privilege of immunity of lands in their own occupation from
tithes, and ratifying the grants already made to the new abbey,
especially those of King David and his son, Earl Henry. Of his
death we have no record."
Pettendreia, Pittendreich, near Lasswade, was the property of the
Abbey of Holyrood (charter CLIIL, ante, p. 117). It was leased in
1377 to Sir James de Douglas.
Proprius is a clerical error for 'propius.'
Fundata enim . . . The Chronica de Mailros, p. 71, states under
the year 1140 " Facta est abbatia de Neubotle." The editor of that
chronicle in a note says : " Fordun I., 296, agrees with this date
(1140), but it is placed a year later by a chronicle of little authority
in the Harl. MS., 2363, fol. 46 b." Keith says 1140. The charter
CXLIV. to the abbey is dated November, 1 140.
NOTES CL.-CLIII. 383
cm.
The original was in the Panmure Charter Chest. Printed in the
Charters of Holyrood, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 10, No. 8.
Norman, the Sheriff of Berwick, addressing all his men of Crostorfin,
announces that he has granted in perpetual alms to the Holy Rood of
Edinburgh, and to the abbot and brethren serving God there, his
chapel of Crostorfin.
p. 115. Normannus Vicecomes de Berwic was a witness to charters
pp. 79, 105, 119, 140, 147.
Crostorfin, 3 miles west of Edinburgh, named probably from a
cross erected by Torphin. The chapel was dependent on the church
of St. Cuthbert in Edinburgh. It had two bovates and six acres
of land. The chapel was disjoined from St. Cuthbert's in the
reign of Alexander II. and was made a separate parish; the
church remained the property of the Abbey of Holyrood till the
Reformation. The barony of Crostorfin, in the reign of Alexander
II., belonged to the King's Marshal. David, the King's Marshal,
gave a part of his land in exchange for two acres which belonged
to the chapel (Holyrood Charters, p. 215). Sir David the Marshal
was forfeited in the reign of David II., when the lands passed
to Sir William More of Abercorn (Rob., Chart., 120). They
were sold (temp. Robert II.) to Adam Forrester. Sir John Forrester
founded the church of St. John, which in 1429 was made a collegiate
church.
Edward the Chancellor, see note to CXLVIII. Turold the Arch-
deacon, note to LXXXL, p. 68. Richard the cleric of Edinburgh,
pp. 69, 103.
CLIII.
The original charter is the property of the City of Edinburgh. It
was printed with a large facsimile in the Charters of Holyrood,
Bannatyne Club edition, p. I, and in I Act. Parl. Scot., p. 358.
It is a confirmation by King David of the lands, rights, and
privileges, of the Abbey of Holyrood. There was a tradition that on
the festival of the Exaltation of the Cross, after mass, King David
went hunting, contrary to the advice of Alwyn, his confessor. In the
forest under Arthur's Seat the King was attacked by a stag which had
between his antlers a holy cross, which the King took, and the stag
vanished at the Rood Well. That same night, by a vision in his sleep
the King was admonished to build an Abbey of Canons Regular at the
place where the stag surrendered the holy cross to him. He obeyed
the directions of the vision ; canons were brought, and Alwyn the con-
fessor was appointed the first abbot. At first the canons were lodged
in the castle ; in 1128 the foundations of the abbey were laid on the
present site.
384 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
This charter was written some years after the church was conse-
crated, when the canons, under their first abbot, Alwyn, were in
residence. Though the charter is undoubtedly genuine, all the
witnesses cannot have been present together ; they may be those
who attested the separate grants of which this is a confirmation.
For instance, Edward the Chancellor was not a contemporary of
Gillemichael the Earl, nor of Gospatric the brother of Dolfin ; both of
these were dead before Edward became Chancellor.
p. 1 1 6. The words "assensu Henrici filii mei et episcoporum regni
mei comitum quoque baronum confirmatione et testimonio, clero etiam
acquiescente et populo " do not imply a meeting of the estates of the
realm, at which the question of approval was put ; they seem, to me,
to be a statement by the King that all the people of his kingdom
approved.
Ecclesia . . . castelli. The King, some years before, had granted
to the church and canons of Holyrood the church of the Castle of
Edinburgh ; that grant (if it was in writing) has not been preserved.
Examen duelli was a grant of jurisdiction. The priory of Scon
had a grant of jurisdiction "scilicet in duello in ferro in fossa et in
omnibus aliis libertatibus ad curiam pertinentibus." Only the
superior Courts had right to allow the wager of battle or the
ordeal of fire or water. In these higher courts the King's Justiciar
sat to see that justice was done. The grant of the right to allow
the ordeals, the ' examen duellii,' etc., was an extension of the
right given in ordinary Baronial Courts.
Salectunia, or ' Saletunia,' is a plantation of willows.
Liberton, a parish of 6600 acres, 2.\ miles S.E. of Edinburgh. The
church of Liberton was a chapel of St. Cuthbert's. It was served by
a chaplain appointed by the canons of Holyrood. The land of Upper
Liberton, with the church, in the reign of David I., belonged to
Macbead ; his grant of the chapel and of two bovates of land and
of rights in Legbernard has not been preserved ; it is here confirmed
by the King. It is not clear what were the rights "tarn de vivis
quam de mortuis de Legbernard." Chalmers 2, p. 780, says Leg-
bernard cannot now be traced, but later investigations have made it
probable that Legbernard is Leadburn in the parish of Penicuik.
Sir Gregory de Malvilla granted to the monks of Neubotle a stone
of wax yearly from the rents of his lands of Legbernard. The King
owned another part of Liberton, for in this same charter King
David granted to the canons 30 cart-loads of bush, I presume for
firewood. The mill of Liberton belonged to the Crown, and grants
of chalders of barley and meal and of money from the mill were
made by David I. and by William the Lion (p. 170, etc.). Macbead
of Liberton witnessed three charters by King David : Holyrood 3
(p. 8) and 6 (p. 9) and Neubotle i. There was in later times a family
of ' de Liberton.'
King David's grant of the church of Hereth (Airth) is preserved, the
King added to the endowment by giving a saltpan and 26 acres of land,
which he and 'probi homines' ' perambulated,' he also gave permission
NOTES CLIII. 385
to the canons to have a mill there and to enjoy all the rights which
the King had in his demesne.
p. 117. Broughton lay between Edinburgh and Leith.
Inverleith. This is now the burgh of Leith, and probably included
what was afterwards called Newhaven.
Petendreiam, Pittendreich, near Lasswade. When the King gifted
land adjoining to it to the Abbey of Newbattle, the Abbot of Holy-
rood engaged to preserve the then existing boundary. In 1377 the
abbey leased it to Sir James Douglas of Dalkeith.
Hamere, Whitekirk, in East Lothian. The church was dedicated
to the Blessed Virgin. Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, confirmed the
right of the canons to the church of Hamere with all its appurten-
ances, and Hamera and Forda with their right boundaries. Richard,
Bishop of St. Andrews, confirmed the right to the church. William
the Lion confirmed Hamera and Forda, with the boundaries, and
the church of the same vill, with everything which belonged to
it, as the charter of Robert, the Bishop of St. Andrews, witnessed.
Alexander III. confirmed " Brochtun et Hameram."
Fordam : Forda, a land in Whitekirk, where, it seems, there was an
hospital for travellers. In 1611, John Lord of Holyrood House was
served heir of his father in the lands of Whitekirk and Furde.
Quadraginta solidos de meo burgo de Ewinesburg : a clerical error
for Edwinesburg. I copied from the Charters of Holyrood ; but it is
Edwinesburg in the original. The grant was confirmed by William
the Lion and by Robert I.
Cano meo de Pert. If the King's can from ships at Perth did not
amount to the large sum of one hundred shillings, that sum was to be
made up by an additional forty shillings from the rent of Edinburgh,
forty shillings from that of Perth, and twenty shillings from that of
Stirling. The King granted tofts in Stirling, Edinburgh, Berwick,
and Renfrew.
Scypwel : a fishing in the Tweed.
Particarum : an error for ' perticarum.5
Allechtia is a misspelling of 'allecia. Allecium,' a herring. Though
' ibi ' in this charter refers to Renfrew, herring are so essentially sea
fish that it is doubtful whether they ever came so far up the river
Clyde. In the foundation charter to the Abbey of Paisley, Walter's son
Alan grants " vi retia ad allecia capienda." The Leges Burgorum,
No. 9, and the Statuta Gildae, Nos. 26, 27, 41, regulate the sale
of ' allec ' or ' alleces,' which is translated ' herring ' in the old Scots
version. In the confirmation of this charter to Holyrood by King
William, the words " et ibi piscari ad allechtia," etc., are omitted, and
though the Bull of Pope Eugenius mentions the toft in Renfrew, it
says nothing of fishings either of salmon or herring.
p. 118. Camera. Mr. Cosmo Innes, in a note to the Preface to the
Act. Parl. Scot., says : '"Camera regis' in early Scotch charters, as in the
writings of the Continent, was the technical name for the Treasury."
The King's Camerarius was a frequent witness, and to him doubtless
were paid the King's rents and can, etc.
2 B
386 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
The other privileges granted to the Abbey of Holyrood are numerous
and varied.
Although the early kings of Scotland had only a precarious tenure of
Argyll and the Western Islands, King David here granted to Holyrood
a half of the tithe of the can, pleas and gains of the Crown in Kentyr
and Errogeil, which was confirmed by King William the Lion, King
Robert Bruce, and by subsequent kings till James II. in 1450. A little
later than this grant to Holyrood, King David granted the other half
of the tithe of Kentyr to the Abbey of Dunfermline, which grant was
confirmed by subsequent kings. King David granted the tithe of the
royal can, pleas and gains of Argyll to the Priory of Urchard in
Morayshire.
The canons availed themselves of the license to build and create a
burgh on the land between the church of Holyrood and the King's
burgh of Edinburgh by making the burgh of the Canongate. Within
their burgh the burgesses had the same rights of buying and selling in
the King's market as the King's burgesses had.
p. 119. Theloneo . . . consuetudine : is a complete exemption from
toll and custom throughout the kingdom.
Pandum is the same as ' namum ' ; ' pandum capere,' to take pledges
or to distrain.
Sicut episcopus . . . habent. Very little is known of the jurisdic-
tion of these courts. The style "Abbot of Kelso" shows that this
charter was granted after Kelso was founded in 1128. For several
years after its foundation the abbot was called the Abbot of Rox-
burgh. The Priory of Dunfermline was not raised to the rank of an
abbacy until 1128.
His testibus. These witnesses were not all contemporaries. Robert
de Monte Acuto was a witness to the Great Charter of Dunfermline
along with Herbert the Chancellor and Constantine, Earl of Fife.
Peter de Brus and Turstanus de Crectune do not appear in any other
record of King David's reign. Oggu and Leising were 'judices
Cumbrenses3 as early as 1120. It seems to me probable that when
the canons of Holyrood applied for a general charter of confirma-
tion, they sent to the Chancellor their written grants of lands and
privileges and that these were embodied in this confirmation ; the list
of witnesses here being a selection from the names of the witnesses of
each of the older grants.
CLIV.
The original has not been preserved. It was printed from the Small
Chartulary of Durham by Dr. Raine, N. Durham, App., p. 6, No. xxv.
It is a mandate to the Sheriff of Berwick and his officers to place
and keep Edward the monk of Coldingham in quiet possession of the
tithe of the fishing of Halwarestelle and of all waters justly belonging
to the church of St. Cuthbert of Holyland. In a short letter (p. 137)
NOTES CLIII.-CLV. 387
King David requested Edward 'the monk' of Coldingham to send him
wood to Berwick.
p. 120. Halwarestelle was a fishing in the Tweed. 'Stelle' was a
word for a fishing (pp. 85, 169) in a river. Aldstelle and Woodhornstelle
are the names of other fishings in the Tweed ; "piscatio Coldsteill" is
mentioned in the Berwickshire Retours, No. 283.
CLV.
Cartae Prioratus Insulae de May, Dr. Stuart's edition, p. 3, No. 4.
It is in the Chartulary of Reading : " Carta Davidis Regis Scotiae de
donatione Pendevven et Inverin ecclesiae de Mai."
King David grants Petneweme and Inverin to the church and
brethren of May.
The islet of the May in the Firth of Forth, six miles south of
the Fife coast, is a mile long by three-quarters of a mile broad.
The tradition was that Adrian, a Hungarian, with a large com-
pany, converted many of the people of central Scotia in the ninth
century, and that he was killed on the island of May by the Danes
circa A.D. 875. Wyntoun, VI. 8, line 629 :
" And apon Haly Thurysday
Saynt Adriane thai slewe in May
Wyth mony off hys cumpany
In to that haly He thai ly."
In the Breviary of Aberdeen (Skene, Chron. Pict. and Scot., p. 425) :
"In prefata insulade Maya ad honorem Dei omnipotentis Sanctorum-
que ejus martyrum egregio lapideo tabulatu antiquitus structum monas-
terium fuerat, quod ab Anglorum gente bellorum insultu destructum
est, sed ibidem hactenus restat ecclesia saepe a fideli populo propter
tot virtutum prodigia indies frequentata, ubi mulieres spe prolium
habendi venientes non defraudantur, restat insuper ibi cimiterium quam
celebre ubi illius et supercelestis chorus roseo sanguine candidati
legionis corpora requiescunt."
It is probable that on the isle of May in the beginning of the twelfth
century there was a small fraternity of Culdees or monks of the old
Scottish Church. King David granted the Priory of May to the
Cluniac Abbey of Reading, probably after 1135, when his brother-in-
law, King Henry I., was buried in that abbey. May was granted to
Reading " in liberam et puram elemosinam . . . ita . . . quod eidem
monachi et successores sui Prioratu praedicto per novem de co-
monachis suis sacerdotibus pro anima praefati Regis David et anima-
bus predecessorum et successorum suorum regum Scotiae divina
celebrantibus in perpetuum facerent deservire."
388 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
The monastery on the May stood in a hollow on the south-east
of the island, protected by higher ground to the west. After the
priory became a cell of Reading, the priors were appointed by the
English abbey ; more than one of the priors were promoted to the
abbacy ; later the monks of Reading leased the priory to the canons
of St. Andrews for a rent of ten merks a year. Towards the end
of the thirteenth century the lease was assigned to the Bishop of St.
Andrews, and the connection of May and Pittenweem with the Abbey
of Reading ceased. A convent was built at Pittenweem, and the
monks deserted 'the May,' leaving a priest there. It was a place
of pilgrimage till the Reformation. In 1503, 1505, 1506, and 1507,
King James V. visited the island and gave alms to the priest of May.
In 1508 the hermit of May brought a seal to the King, and got a
present of fourteen pence.
p. 1 20. Inverin quae fuit Averni. Formerly it was supposed that
Averin was the old name of the place, which had been changed to
Inverin, showing a change from the Pictish to the Celtic language ;
but a closer reading of the record showed that Avernus was the name
of the former owner. Inverin is now called St. Monan's. The Priory
of May did not retain it. Morgrund, Earl of Mar, granted part of
Inverin to the Priory of St. Andrews (Reg. P. S. A., p. 284), and
William Cumyn and his wife, the Countess of Buchan, granted half a
mark from another part of Inverin to the same priory (ib. p. 282).
CLVI.
Cartae Prioratus Insulae de May, No. 5, and Chartulary of Reading
headed " Carta ejusdem de communitate nemoris de Clacmanet."
King David, addressing his bishops, earls, sheriffs, officials, the
gilleserfs of Clackmannan, and all his liegemen, informs them that he
has granted to Achardus the Prior and to the brethren of May, in alms
a common right in the wood of Clackmannan.
Gilleserfis. Dr. Stuart, the editor of the Cartae Prior, de May, says :
" The term refers to certain officers in the shire of Clackmannan known
as the servants of St. Serf, and it is the only instance of which I am
aware where such a designation occurs in a Scotch charter. . . . That
the district around Clackmannan was connected with St. Serf at
an early period . . . seems plain from various circumstances. . . . The
term ' gilleserfis ' might be applied to the occupants of lands which
formerly belonged to a monastery of St. Serf."
p. 121. Clackmanec was part of the demesne lands of the Crown. To
the Abbey of Cambuskenneth was granted the church and forty acres
of land ; there are frequent references to the ' nemus,' which remained
a forest in 1382, when it was in the possession of Sir Robert Erskine.
NOTES CLV.-CLX. 389
CLVII.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 6 a ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 9,
No. 5.
Grant of Crefbarrin by King David to the Abbey of Dunfermline.
p. 121. Crefbarry is Carberry in Mid-Lothian ; it was part of Inver-
esk. This grant was confirmed by Malcolm IV., William I.,
Alexander II., Alexander III., and James II. (Reg. de Dunf., pp. 19,
28, 40, 46, 321), and by Popes Lucius and Gregory IX. The 'boscum
de Crebarrin ' is mentioned ib. p. 103. The Abbot and convent were
the overlords ; the lands were held by a family of the same name.
Shortly before the Reformation Carberry was feued to Mr. Hugh
Rigg : the Rigg family held Carberry for several generations.
CLVIII.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 7 a ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 13,
No. 20. It is headed " De muliere leuif et suis fugitivis."
p. 121. Suos fugitives, clerical error for ' suis fugitivis.'
It is a mandate by King David to all his liegemen that wherever H.
leuif may be able to find any fugitives they shall be justly restored to
her, and that no one unjustly detain them.
CLIX.
Liber de Calchou, fol. 142 ; Maitland Club edition, p. 298, No. 375.
Grant by the King to the Abbey of Kelso of a saltpan in the
Carse of Stirling, on the Forth.
CLX.
From the Charters of Holyrood, p. 9, No. 6. The original was in
the Charter Chest of Lord Panmure. This should have been printed
before CL.
The King granted Ruchale to Newbattle by charter No. CXLVIII.
(p. 113), but he found that it already had been granted to Holyrood,
and now he compensates Holyrood for the loss of Ruchale by a grant
of fifty-two acres in Dalkeith and the tithe of the mills of Dene and
of his burgh of Edinburgh and of Liberton. In the Great Charter to
Holyrood (No. CLIII., p. 118) the grant is of the tithe of the mills
of Libertune and of Dene and of the new mill of Edinburgh.
390 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CLXI.
Cartae Insulae de May, Stuart's edition, No. i., p. i,from Rot. Cart.
35, Edw. L, No. 31, per Inspeximus ; Chartulary of Reading : " Carta
Davidis Regis Scotiae de donatione manerii de Rindalgros."
King David, addressing his venerable brethren and friends E the
abbot and Sir Briencius and the whole convent of Reading, announces
that for the weal of his soul and for their needs he grants to God and
to the church of St. Mary and to the convent of Reading, Rindalgros,
within the boundaries which the King, William Giffard, Herbert the
Chamberlain and others had perambulated, to be held in perpetual
alms, free from all claims, as freely as any abbacy in the king-
dom holds its possessions. If the King or his heirs should so add to
the gift that a monastery can be maintained, Reading shall establish
a convent at Rindalgros.
I have given as an approximate date 1143-1147, believing these to
be the years in which Edward was chancellor.
p. 123. Rindalgros is Rhind, a parish in Perthshire, at the junction
of the Earn and the Tay. There is a mandate by King David (repeated
by King Malcolm IV.) to the men of the Sheriffdom of Perth to pay
the tithes due to the monks. No monastery was built at Rindalgros ;
the tithes and the patronage of the church passed to the Priory of
May, and afterwards to the Priory of St. Andrews, and were included
in a lease to the Commendator on 2 September, 1552 (Cartae Insulae
de May, p. cii). The lands of Rhind were feued out in 1535 and 1542
to George and John Moncreiff, the tenants, whose lands had suffered
by an inundation.
CLXII. CLXIII. CLXIV.
These three charters by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, King
David, and Earl Henry, establish, endow, and confirm the rights of
the Priory of St. Andrews. They are taken from the Register of the
Priory, Bannatyne Club edition, pp. 122, 189, 192.
The Bishop's charter is dated 1144 ; those of the King and the Earl
were granted shortly afterwards. The Legend of St. Andrew, written
about A.D. 1279, gives an account of the circumstances under which
these charters were granted. Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, had at
first no cathedral and no chapter. The altar offerings and the en-
dowments of the church of St. Andrew were divided into seven por-
tions, which probably represented the seven churches which tradition
(Chron. P. and S., p. 187) said were originally founded in Chilrymont,
NOTES CLXI.-CLXIV. 391
viz. : of St. Regulus, St. Aneglas the Deacon, St. Michael the Arch-
angel, the Virgin Mary, St. Damian, St. Brigid, Muren a Holy
Virgin. Of these seven portions the Bishop had devoted one to
the building of the church— probably the chapel of St. Rule.
The amount was small, but by the help of the King gifts were
received from the laity, and the work progressed. It is probable
that the other portions were held by Culdees who opposed the
Bishop. To assist him, Bishop Robert obtained from Adelwaldus,
Bishop of Carlisle, Robert, a canon of St. Oswald's, as Prior of St.
Andrews. When Prior Robert went to St. Andrews he had no clergy
to assist in the service ; he remained patient. The King and his
son Henry the Earl, accompanied by many earls and magnates
of the realm, went to St. Andrews in the year 1144 to pray. Next
day, after mass, the King going into the cloister, "such as it then
was," proposed to the Bishop that part of the endowment of the
Bishopric should be set apart for the support of the clergy of the
church. The Bishop answered that it was not lawful for him to deprive
his successors of lands which had been given to the see. The King
replied that it would be sufficient if the Bishop gave the 'Cursus Apri,'
which he could lawfully do, because the lands of the Boar's chase had
been granted by King Alexander I., not to the bishopric, but in order
that religion should be established in the church of St. Andrews. King
David and his son promised to assent to the appropriation of the
Cursus Apri. The Bishop yielded to the King's request; he did
more, because "quasi sponte coactus" he gave two-sevenths of the
altar oblations ; these two-sevenths were " de terris personarum quae
abeuntibus eis in manum ejus obvenerant."
The first of the new canons was Robert, the uterine brother of the
Bishop, who renounced the world and placed himself in the hands ot
Prior Robert, giving his church of Tyningham and fifty shillings a
year to the church.
The lands 'Balrimund' and others were in Fifeshire in the Cursus
Apri. Martyn (St. Andrews, p. 93) : " The Cursus Apri i.e. the Boar's
run or the Boar's chase is hard to be defined and bounded now . . .
it would seem that (it) contains all the lands from Pitmillie inclusive to
the New Miln at Dairsie, that is from east to west about eight miles in
length, and in breadth two, three, four, five miles in some places."
The next Bishop, Ernald, by a charter, in November, 1160, granted
"Omnem oblationem altaris sui quam in septem partes divisam
personae septem non communiter viventes tenuerunt quondam prae-
dictis canonicis regularem vitam professis et in communem degentibus
totam integram illibatamque rationabili provisione et necessaria con-
cedendam esse decrevimus. Quern qui altari deserviunt et de altaris
392 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
vivere debent neque secundum regulares clericales ibi oblationum
portiones fieri debent ubi communitas viventum unum facit quo-
damodo omne quod possidet."
The lands in King David's confirmation are the same as those in
the Bishop's charter, with the addition of * Balgoua ' ; the spelling is
rather different, ex grat. Barrimund and Balrimund, Castdouenald and
Gastduvenald, Chinemone and Kinnamone, etc.
Wyth consent off Dawy yhyng
Hys ayre, nest for to be Kyng,
Hys brodyr, and Erie off Huntyngtown,
At Sanctandrewys religyowne
Fra thine to be gave his gud will.
And this purpos to fulfill,
The Barys Rayk in regale
To the Kyrk the Kyng gave hale.
Wyntoun, vn., v., line 674 et seq.
p. 125. Hospital of St. Andrews. This hospital was founded "in
susceptione hospitum et peregrinorum," and the Bishop, in addition to
giving to it one-seventh of the altar offerings, endowed it with a half
of the tithe of his ploughs and cows and sheepfolds and piggeries and
horses in the parish of the Holy Trinity, and the tithe of the Bishop's
can from the same parish, and his tithe from Bladebolg and other places,
which is brought to St. Andrews. The ' vetus Hospitium' was
afterwards occupied by the Prior as his principal residence. About
1512 the Prior of St. Andrews founded St. Leonard's College and
endowed it with the revenues of the hospital.
Omnes libros nostros. It seems strange that the Bishop should give
all his books ; doubtless he intended to found a Cathedral Library.
p. 126. Ego Thoraldus . . . confirmo. These words probably were
written with a cross by the Archdeacon himself. King David does
little more than confirm the Bishop's gifts. The land Balgoua in the
King's charter is omitted in that of the Bishop. The King gives the
church of Linlithgow. There is a charter (ante, p. 90) of that church
to the canons of St. Andrews, which I wrongly dated circa 1138 ; as I
have explained in the note to that charter, I think it is a forgery: I
printed the genuine charter which was granted after 1144, and before
the King confirmed the Bishop's grants. A mark of silver from the
King's rent from Perth was given to light the church before the founda-
tion of the Priory. The charter giving a fishing in Berwick is printed
ante, p. 132, and the charter of the fishing in the Tay, ante, p. 133.
p. 127. Curiam suam. This is the usual grant of jurisdiction to the
Prior's Court.
Foregrund. The charter granting this church ante, p. 182.
Namum capiat. The grant is printed ante, p. 56.
Materiem in bosco meo de Clackmanan, ante, p. 151.
The King's charter was granted at the same time as No. CCL., ante,
p. 201.
NOTES CLXIV.-CLXV. 393
The confirmation by Earl Heniy, No. CLXiv., is remarkable only
because in it the Earl styles himself "Deo propitio haeres et rex
designatus."
p. 128. XL solidos de meo chan de navibus de Perth, charter ante,
p. 201.
CLXV.
Registr. Prior. S. Andreae, fol. 20 a ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 47 ;
2 Concil., 123.
This is a Bull by Pope Lucius II., dated 14 May, 1144, confirming
the grants by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, to the Prior and canons
and giving the papal benediction and protection to the priory.
p. 130. Of the cardinals who concur and attest, Conradus de
Suburra, Cardinal Bishop, was made a Cardinal by his uncle, Pope
Honorius II. in 1126. Theoduuinus Germanus (Theoduuninus is an
error) was made a Cardinal by Pope Innocent II. in 1135, and died in
1153. Albericus Belluacensis, Gallns, was a Cluniac monk, appointed
Bishop of Ostia in 1 135, and Cardinal in 1138. Pope Innocent II. sent
him as a legate to England. " His legate, Alberic, Bishop of Ostia, re-
quested permission to pass through England, that he might announce
to the Scottish people the undisputed right of Innocent to the Papal
throne. The royal consent could not be refused. . . . But it soon
became apparent that the Bishop of Ostia had clandestinely obtained
admission into England to further the designs of the Bishop of
Winchester. The legate, contrary both to canon and precedent, took
it upon himself to hold visitations in the monasteries and collegiate
churches of England. . . . Having felt his way, and having found
that he did not meet with the resistance he expected, the legate
undertook to convene a synod . . . which met at Westminster on the
13 December, 1138." Theobald was elected Archbishop of Canter-
bury. " The legate and Henry of Blois, though defeated in their
object, were too wise to show any resentment. They entertained no
unfriendly feelings towards Theobald. They officia'ted at his con-
secration on 8 January, 1139, and in company with the Bishop of
Ostia, the new Archbishop proceeded to Rome to receive his pall."
Frater Ymarus, Gallus, monachus Cluniacensis, Episcopus Cardi-
nalis Tusculanus, was made a Cardinal by Innocent II. in 1142:
" Legatione functus est in Anglia Lucii II. Romani Pontificis jussu ;" he
died in 1164. Petrus de Papareschis, brother of Pope Innocent
I L, Episcopus Cardinalis Albanus, made a Cardinal by Innocent II.
in 1142. Magister Gilbertus, Presbyter Cardinalis titulo Sancti Marci
Evangelistae. Raynerius, Presby. Card, titulo S. Stephani in Coelio
Monte, created Cardinal by Pope Celestine II. in 1144.
p. 131. Guido Pisanus ex Comitibus Capronae, Presbyter Cardinalis
titulo Sanctorum Cosmae et Damiani, made Cardinal by Calixtus II.
Baro Scriptor Apostolicus et Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Sub-
diaconus Procancellario fuit.
394 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CLXVI.
In the Chartulary of Reading. "Carta ejusdem de piscibus ven-
dendis."
This confers on the monks of May and their men liberty to sell
their fish in their own harbour, as if in a burgh. The King orders
that the monks be charged no more on goods bought by them in the
harbour than is charged on goods bought in the King's burghs.
CLXVII.
Chartulary of the Abbey of Reading. " Carta ejusdem de quiet-
ancea navis monachorum ab omni consuetudine."
The ship of the monks of May to be free of can and toll and
custom whenever it arrives in the King's land. No one shall injure
them or their goods.
CLXVIII.
Registrum Prior. S. Andreae, fol. 78 b ; Bannatyne Club edition,
p. 182.
King David grants to the Church of St. Andrew in Scotland, and the
canons serving God there, a fishing in Berwick, and a toft next to the
church, in alms and free from all secular service. He orders that the
canons and their men be quit and free of toll, both within and without
his burghs, and with leave to buy grain and flour in any way they
like, for their own use. No one may disturb them — they are under
the King's peace and protection.
CLXIX.
From the Black Book of St. Andrews, in the City Archives. Printed
in the first volume of the Act. Parl. Scotiae, Preface, p. 53 (47).
The Black Book was compiled by John Mutto, clerk of St.
Andrews: it was described in 1611 as "A memoir and record
of the infeftments, evidents, and writs made to the said Provost,
baillies, council, and inhabitants of the said City of St. Andrews and
their predecessors, by the Bishops and Archbishops thereof, and by
the Kings of Scotland of old, of their common land, ... the princi-
pallis quhairoff, be ressoun of the pest, civile and foreyne weir, oft
times are not extant but destroyit."
NOTES CLXVI.-CLXIX. 395
If this be a genuine charter, it shows that King David had given
to the Bishop of St. Andrews the ' villa ' of St. Andrews ' in elemosina.'
This villa did not include the Cursus Apri which already belonged
to the church, nor the land occupied by the Keledei. Probably
the castle was a 'burh,' which, until the reign of David I., was the
King's castle. David gave it ' in elemosina ' to the Bishop, with the
adjacent villa ; and from that time the castle ceased to be the King's ;
it became the Bishop's castle. The King allowed the Bishop to make
this villa a burgh, and he gave him Maynard the Flambard, the King's
own burgess in Berwick. Maynard was rewarded for his pains, by the
office of prefect, and a grant of three tofts.
This charter in favour of Maynard is not a charter creating the
burgh : the fact that the Bishop had founded it is incidentally stated.
Maynard Flandrensis had been a "proprius burgensis regis," not
entirely a free man, for the King gave him to the Bishop 'in
elemosina.' Probably he was specially bound to cultivate the King's
land in or near Berwick, or to do some onerous service which he
could not abandon without the King's permission. He may have
been one of those on whom was laid the duty of maintaining the walls
of Berwick.
The Laws of the Burgh show that burgesses could not leave the
burgh when they pleased : only burgesses who had purchased land
could sell it and go wherever they liked (see 21 and 42 L.B.).
Maitland, Doomsday Book and Beyond, p. 199, gives instances of
exceptional cases where burgesses were free to commend themselves
to whomever they would.
Nummus argenti, in classical times, meant a sesterce, the fourth
part of a penny. Mainard was to pay 16 nummi, and it is explained
that that was 4d. for each virgate. The Bishop gave three tofts which
were afterwards granted to the Priory and to the Hospital (pp.
54, 131, 143, 145, 150, 206, 214, 233). Avicia, Bishop Ernald's sister,
had a toft which passed to the church of St. Andrew (p. 134);
we hear of the toft of Peter Flandrensis in North Street, which
he held of the Hospital of Jerusalem, p. 139, and of a perticate of land
" in burgo Sancti Andreae in vico australi." Later we read of a toft
which Robertus de Bonaire held, and another which belonged to
Cuthbert the Dean, and a perticate of land which Will. Brunus held,
and a toft which Master Herbert held, p. 152. Adam the son of
Odo held a land in the town " de priore et conventu," which he sold
to John the Prior and the Convent for 40 marks of silver, " inter viam
qui ducit a vico australi ad aquam fluentem ad abbaciam ex una parte
et Hospitale St. Leonardi ex altera," p. 281. There was a sale of a
land in the villa (p. 285) Teste tota curia Burgensium Sc. And. ; the
396 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
brethren of the Temple of the Lord in Jerusalem held three tofts
(p. 124), and there is a record of the tofts of Elgar, of Arnald and of
William Cocus.
Maitland (Doomsday Book and Beyond) says, p. 200, " Traces are
few in Doomsday Book of any property which can be regarded as the
property of a nascent municipal corporation, or even of any which can
be called the joint or common property of the burgesses. In general
each burgess holds his house in the town of the King, or of some
other lord by a several title, and if he has land in the neighbouring
fields, this also he holds by a several title," and this, I think, was the
case in St. Andrews.
p. 133. His testibus. The name of the Prior is omitted, but he must
have been Robert, who held the priory from about 1140 till 1162.
Willelmus Torreld was probably William, the son of Thorald, who
was a witness to a charter by Waldeve the son of Gospatric (Reg.
Dunfermelyn, p. 94). He had a son Alexander (Reg. Dunf., pp. 34,
94), who gave two bovates of his land of Ockiltre to the church of St.
Michael in Linlithgow (Reg. Prior. S. And., p. 321).
CLXX.
Registrum Prioratus S. Andreae, fol. 78 b ; Bannatyne Club edition,
p. 183-
King David, addressing the bishops, abbots, earls, etc., announces
that he has granted to the brethren of St. Andrews the right to have a
net in the Tay where the King's own net fishing is. This was
granted at Scone in presence of eight of the King's friends, magnates
of the kingdom.
CLXXI.
From a transcript in the Register House, Edinburgh, from the
original at St. Andrews.
King David grants to the Hospital of St. Andrews the land of Ken-
lachyn, free from secular service. This was granted on the same day
as CLXX., at Scone, in presence of the same witnesses. Robert,
Bishop of St. Andrews, gave to the Priory (p. 123) " Hospitale Sancti
Andreae in susceptione hospitum pauperum peregrinorum cum terris
possessionibus et redditibus eidem Hospitali pertinentibus" (confirmed
by Pope Alexander III.: R.P.S.A., p. 54; Pope Lucius III., p. 58;
Gregory VIII., p. 63; Clement III., p. 67; Innocent III., p. 72;
Honorius III., p. 77; Innocent IV., pp. 92, 99).
See Note to CLXIV.
NOTES CLXIX.-CLXXIII. 397
CLXXII.
Liber de Calchou, fol. 10 ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 9, No. 8.
King David, with the assent of the Bishop of Glasgow, grants to
the Abbey of Kelso the church and the land of Lesmahagow, free
from all exaction by, or subjection to, the Bishop, to be a Priory
under the Abbey. The King grants his firm peace to all who, to
avoid peril to life or limb, take refuge within the four crosses of the
cell of Lesmahagow. Dated at Edinburgh in the year 1144.
p. 135. Lesmahagow is a large parish of 41,500 acres, in the Upper
Ward of Lanarkshire. The church was dedicated to the Virgin and
to St. Machutus, who was buried there, and from whom the place
derived its name. A Priory was built, the Prior had in after years a
seat in Parliament ; at the Reformation the rental was £1214 45. 6d.
Scots in money, and 16 chalders of barley, 12 chalders meal, 4 chalders
oats, and Easter dues amounting to ^i 12 is. 2d.
p. 136. Quiquidem autem propter vitae vel membri periculum, etc.
To a certain extent all churches were sanctuaries, from which a man
in danger of life or limb could not lawfully be taken and punished
without trial. But there were in Scotland 'girths' which had greater
privileges as sanctuaries ; of these the ground within the four crosses
at Lesmahagow was one. A man guilty of a crime punishable by
death or loss of limb, reaching this girth, was under the King's peace.
He had to find security that he would appear in the court having
jurisdiction and stand his trial. In 1335 John of Eltham, a brother of
Edward III., burned the Priory, in which many had taken refuge.
The tradition was that King Edward III. took his brother to task for
this, and when John of Eltham answered angrily, the King struck him
with his sword, so that he died. John of Eltham died on 5 Oct.,
1336, at Perth. Edward III. left Perth in the end of September of
that year. The story was believed in Scotland, and was told by
Fordun and Wyntoun.
Testibus. The names of the witnesses are omitted in the Liber de
Calchou ; they have been supplied from a copy of the charter pre-
served in the Haddington Collection in the Advocates' Library.
Malcolmo filio comitis et Willelmo fratre ejus were sons of Duncan,
Earl of Fife. Jordan Hayrun is a witness to charter, ante, p. 186.
David Olifard, of a Northamptonshire family, was a godson of King
David, and rescued him at the defeat at Winchester in 1141. He was
rewarded by a grant of land in Scotland, and was a witness to several
of King David's charters.
CLXXIII.
Liber de Calchou, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 149, No. 180.
A declaration by John, Bishop of Glasgow, that from kindness, at
the request of the King, and by the advice of God-fearing men,
clerics and laymen, and with the assent of his chapter, he confirmed
398 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
to the abbot and monks of Kelso, the church of Lesmahagow and the
whole parish, in order that they may place monks there who shall be
free for ever from episcopal exaction and subjection. Granted in
presence of King David and many others in the year 1144.
CLXXIV.
Mandate to Edward, the monk, to send wood to make the King's
stack of wood at Berwick.
p. 137. Calang'. I have not found a place of this name.
CLXXV.
Liber de Calchou, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 301, No. 382.
Confirmation by Earl Henry of the grant of the church of Sprouston
to the Abbey of Kelso by John, Bishop of Glasgow.
p. 137. Sprouston is a parish in Roxburghshire, on the banks of the
Tweed. Between the river and Hadden rig, there is a considerable
extent of rich arable land. Sprouston was part of the property held
by Earl David, who, in 1113, granted to the Abbey of Selkirk a
ploughgate of land and ten acres, and a maisura of a ploughgate
thereto appertaining. After the monks of Selkirk were removed to
Kelso, John, Bishop of Glasgow, granted to them the church.
King David confirmed to Kelso the ploughgate and the ten acres
and the maisura formerly given to Selkirk, " Dom. Episcopo Glasg.
similiter dante et episcopali auctoritate confirmante." The rights of
the monks in Sprouston were increased by subsequent grants by King
David, and by King Malcolm IV., and by the family of De Vesci,
and in 1300 the monks held two ploughgates and an oxgang of land,
and extensive pasture lands for oxen, cattle, and sheep, besides six
cottages, each with land attached.
CLXXVI.
Liber de Calchou, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 297, No. 372.
The King grants to the Church of St. Mary and St. John at Kelso,
Rauendena, as fully as the King had it in demesne (except one
ploughgate of land which had been given to the Hospital of Roxburgh),
and the land of Osulf Wittburg, reserving Osulf s liferent.
p. 138. Rauendena, now Redden, in the parish of Sprouston, a
fertile tract of land along the Tweed, next to Carham. The monks
had a grange there of five ploughgates and pasturage for 14 score of
sheep, besides land for the husbandmen, etc.
Hospital of Roxburgh. "The Hospital or Maison Dieu of Roxburgh
NOTES CLXXIII.-CLXXVIII. 399
stood on the right bank of the Teviot, within the modern parish of
Kelso, but probably within the ancient parish of Roxburgh. About
the year 1140 King David I. granted to the Hospital ... a plough-
gate of land in his demesne of Rauendeno. About 1152 the Hospital
had lands in its immediate neighbourhood, within or immediately
adjoining the territory of Heton. . . ." Origines Paroch., vol. I., p. 46.
CLXXVII.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham, with a seal ; Raine, N.
Durham, App., p. 26, No. Cix.
Earl Henry confirms the rights of the monks of St. Cuthbert
in Swinton, as it was granted by the charters of King Edgar and
King David. I ascribed this to circa 1145, but that may be too late.
It was granted at Huntingdon in presence of Eustace Fitz John,
two of the Umfravilles, William de Sumerville, and the Chamber-
lain. King Edgar's charter is xx., ante, p. 17. King David's charters
xxix., ante, p. 23, and LXV., p. 54.
CLXXVII I.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham ; the seal is missing ;
Raine, N. Durham, App., p. 5, No. xxi.
King David announces that he has granted to the church of St.
Mary and St. Cuthbert at Coldingham and to the monks serving God
there the gift which Gospatric the brother of Dolfin made to the monks,
viz. Ederham and Nesbit, with all the rights he had in these on the
day he died, free from all service and custom except payment of thirty
shillings by the monks to the son of Gospatric and his heirs 'pro
conredio regis' annually at Martinmas, and except service in the
King's army, when the monks shall attend on the King. Gospatric
shall be quit for ever of service in the army for these lands.
Dr. Raine says of the date, "1167, lege MCXLVII Dormitat scriptor."
It was granted in presence of a large number of witnesses at Colding-
ham on the Festival of the Finding of the Holy Cross in the year
1147 — namely in the year in which the King of France and many
Christians advanced to Jerusalem. 1147 was the date of the second
Crusade. The 3rd of May is the Festival of the Finding of the Cross.
The grant by Gospatric is cxvn., of which the original is in the
Treasury at Durham. It was confirmed by King David, cxxi.
(p. 93). There had been difficulty as to possession by the monks.
This meeting on the 3 May, 1147, may have been on the occasion
of the establishment of a Priory at Coldingham, hitherto only a church
400 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
in the possession of Durham, served by Edward the monk. John,
Bishop of Glasgow, died a few days after this charter was granted,
and was succeeded by Herbert, Abbot of Kelso. Edward the Chan-
cellor, a short time after this, was appointed Bishop of Aberdeen.
p. 139. Die quo fuit vivus et mortuus seems to imply that Gospatric
the granter was owner till the day of his death, whereas the terms of
the original grant were a grant in alms with immediate possession.
These words are perhaps words of style ; they also occur in the King's
confirmation (p. 93).
Pro conredio regis. The owners of most, if not of all, lands held
by feudal tenure were bound to supply food and necessaries for the
King or overlord when he passed through the land or its neighbour-
hood. By granting land in alms to the church, Gospatric did not
relieve himself of this feudal burden nor of the burden of furnishing
men for the royal army. By this agreement the church paid Gospatric's
heir, thirty shillings annually as the share of the ' corody,' and the
church assumed the burden of supplying the quota of men of the
army due from Edrom and Nesbit.
CLXXIX.
Chartulary of Cambuskenneth, Grampian Club edition, p. 71,
No. 51.
David, King of Scots, with the assent of Henry, his son, and with the
approval of the bishops of the kingdom and of the earls and barons,
grants to the church of St. Mary in Stirling and to the Canons Regular
the land of Cambuskenneth and the fishing between it and Pol-
maise and a net in the river : the land of Colling, with the wood : the
land of Dunbodeuin between the river and the land of Lochin, forty
shillings from the rent of Stirling and the can of a ship and a saltpan
with the land appropriate to one of the King's saltpans and the tithe
of the rent of the King's demesne in Stirling and the offerings made in
the church of St. Mary and the island which lies between Polmaise
and Dunbodeuin and twenty 'cudermi' of cheese of the King's rent of
Stirling, with the same freedom and custom which other churches
possess in the kingdom, these to be held and possessed as freely as
the King holds his own land, saving the defence of the kingdom and
the King's justice, if the prelate should by some impulse have done
wrong.
This charter was granted between 29 May, 1147, when John,
Bishop of Glasgow died, and 24 August, 1147, when Herbert was
consecrated Bishop by the Pope at Auxerre in France. The Abbey
of Cambuskenneth established by this charter and by the Bull of Pope
Eugenius, No. CLXXX., was a house of Canons Regular of St. Augus-
tine. There was a church in Stirling which had been endowed
NOTES CLXXVIII.-CLXXX. 401
by King Alexander I. Early in the reign of David I., perhaps in
the reign of King Alexander, William, the Prior, brought from
Aroise (near Arras in France) some Canons Regular, who
at first served the church of St. Mary at Stirling. King David
encouraged them and gave them lands on the Forth, Cambus-
kenneth and Logie and Tullibody, besides the land of Cowie in
the parish of St. Ninians. Prior William, in July, 1147, accompanied
Herbert (Abbot of Kelso), Bishop-elect of Glasgow, to Auxerre, where
Pope Eugenius III. was, and after Herbert was consecrated Bishop,
the Pope gave to William a Bull recognising him as Abbot, granting
him and the brethren protection, and confirming the order of canons
at Stirling. Fifty years later the monastery was removed to Cambus-
kenneth ; thenceforward the abbot was styled Abbot of the monastery
of St. Mary of Cambuskenneth. The canons, as years rolled on, got
gifts and endowments ; but they never became rich.
p. 140. Cambuskynneth. The lands of Cambuskenneth, Polmaise,
Collyn (probably Cowie in St. Ninians), Dunbodeuin (Tullibody),
Lochin (Logie), are all in the neighbourhood of Stirling.
Quadraginta solidi de redditu meo de Striueling. King David
granted to the Abbey of Dunfermline a tithe of the pennies of his
'census' from Stirling (ante, p. 71), and to the Abbey of Holyrood he
gave twenty shillings from the rent of Stirling (ante, p. 117), and now
he grants to the Abbey of St. Mary forty shillings from the same rent
and the can of one ship, besides the tithe of the rent of his lordships
in Stirlingshire, and in addition twenty ' cudermi ' of cheese.
p. 141. Praelatus is an unusual word in Scottish charters. It means
here the abbot in his judicial capacity. Du Cange gives the meanings
" Magistral, chef d'une ville, juge, echevin, maire, eVeque, abbe de
monastere, prevot, cure."
Testes. The witnesses have already been noticed. This shows
that Edward was chancellor as late as the summer of 1 147.
CLXXX.
Chartulary of Cambuskenneth, Grampian Club edition, p. 38,
No. 23.
A Papal Bull by the Pope confirms the institution and the endow-
ments of the Abbot and Monastery of St. Mary of Stirling. Dated
3oth August, 1147, six days after the consecration of Herbert as
Bishop of Glasgow. All the gifts contained in the King's charter are
confirmed except the fishing between Cambuskenneth and Polmaise,
the island between Polmaise and Dunbodeuin, and the oblations in
the church.
2C
402 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
p. 143. Of the cardinals who attested this Bull, Odo or Otho,
diaconus cardinalis Sancti Georgii in Velabris (not ad Velum Aureum),
was made a cardinal by Pope Innocent II. in 1130 and was a man
of note. Abbericus (properly Albericus), Belluacensis Gallus, cardin-
alis Ostiensis. Paparo (properly Joannes de Papiro) diaconus
cardinalis Sancti Hadriani. He was made a cardinal in 1144; after-
wards he was a Legate to Ireland. Hubaldus presbyter cardinalis
Sanctorum Joannis et Pauli titulo Pammachii ; cardinal in 1140, died
1150. Ignarus (properly Ymarus) Gallus monachus Cluniacensis
episcopus cardinalis Tusculanus. There were at this time three
cardinals of the name of Gregory : Gregorius Tarquinius Romanus
diaconus cardinalis Sanctorum Sergii et Bacchi prior diaconorum;
Gregorius S. R. E. diaconus cardinalis; Gregorius diaconus car-
dinalis Sancti Angeli. Gilbertus presbyter cardinalis titulo Sancti
Marci Evangelistae (not S. Martini).
CLXXXI.
Registrum Prioratus de S. Andreae, fol. 20 b ; Bannatyne Club
edition, p. 48 ; 2 Concil., p. 225 ; Reeves' Culdees, p. no.
A Bull by Pope Eugenius III. (A.D. 1145-1153) addressed to Robert,
Prior of St. Andrews, taking the church of St. Andrews under the Papal
protection, confirming their possessions and privileges, granting to the
prior and brethren of the church the right to elect the Bishop of St.
Andrews, and directing that as the Keledei die they shall be succeeded
by canons regular. The heading "instead of to the Keledei" is
wrong and should be deleted.
p. 144. Secundum Dominum : Dr. Reeves reads ' Deum.'
Ut decedentibus Keledeis. Dr. Reeves' Culdees, p. 1 10, says :
" The same provision is repeated in the Bulls of Adrian IV., A.D. 1156;
Lucius III., A.D. 1183; Gregory VIII., A.D. 1187; Clement III., A.D.
1187; Innocent III., A.D. 1206; Honorius III., A.D. 1216; Innocent
IV., A.D. 1248. Thus for nearly a century the Keledei held their
ground against Papal as they had previously done against Royal
authority."
p. 145. Albericus Belluacensis Gallus episc. cardinalis Ostiensis.
D. Ymarus Gallus monachus Cluniacensis episcopus cardinalis Tuscu-
lanus. Hubaldus (not Huhaldus) presbyter cardinalis Sanctorum
Joannis et Pauli titulo Pammachii. Gilibertus presbyter cardinalis
titulo Sancti Marci Evangelistae. Hugo presbyter cardinalis titulo S.
Laurentii in Lucina. Otho diaconus cardinalis Sancti Georgii in
Velabris (not ad Velum Aureum). Joannes de Papiro (not Paparo)
diaconus cardinalis Sancti Hadriani. Gregorius diaconus cardinalis
Sancti Angeli (not Auguli). D. Joannes canonicus Regularis Sancti
Fridiani Lucensis diaconus cardinalis Sanctae Mariae Novae. Petrus
(not Guido) diaconus cardinalis Sanctae Mariae in porticu. Guido
Piscanus diaconus cardinalis S.S. Cosmae et Damiani S.R.E. Cancel-
larius.
NOTES CLXXX.-CLXXXIL
403
CLXXXII.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 6 a ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 8,
No. 4.
An agreement made in the Castle of Maidens in presence of King
David and his son Henry and their barons, between Robert, Bishop
of St. Andrews, and Gaufrid, Abbot of Dunfermline, regarding the
parish church of Eccles and the chapel of the Castle of Stirling. The
King's barons unanimously held it proved that on the day on which
King Alexander caused the chapel to be dedicated, he gifted and
granted to it the tithes of his demesne lands within the juris-
diction (soca) of Stirling, whether these demesne lands increased or
decreased, that the parish church of Eccles ought to have all the
tithes which come from 'hurdmanni' and 'bondi' and 'gresmanni,'
with the other rights which the church ought to have ; that the bodies
of those who die, whether they be serfs (mancipii) of the demesne or
of the parish, shall lie in the parish churchyard, with the things
which dead bodies ought to have with them in the church, unless
by chance a burgess die there suddenly ; that if the demesne lands
increase, by cultivation or by breaking them up the first time, the
chapel shall have the tithe, if the lands of other men of the
parish increase, the parish church shall have the tithe, and if
the number of men in the demesne increase, the chapel shall have
their tithes, and also those of all the men who cultivate the demesne ;
that the parish church shall have the bodies of those who dwell in the
demesne ; and if on the lands which were not demesne, houses
shall increase, the parish church shall have their tithe, and shall
render to these men the rites of Christianity in seemly burial.
Castellum Puellarum is a name first applied to the Castle of Edin-
burgh in the reign of David I. Its earlier name was Dunedin.
Buchanan says that the name, " Castle of Maidens," was derived from
French romances. It is more likely to be a monkish version of the
Celtic May-din, a fort.
p. 146. Eccles is the parish now called St. Ninians. In 1264,
Pope Alexander confirmed the gift of the King of Scotland of the
church of Egglyge (Camb. 40) ; Pope Celestine confirmed to Cam-
buskenneth the church of Egglis, the gift of Robert, Bp. of St.
Andrews (p. 44); Robert, Prior of St. Andrews, stated that Robert,
Bp. of St. Andrews, had granted the church of Egles to William, first
Abbot of Stirling (p. 142).
Chapel of the Castle of Stirling. The monks of Dunfermline ac-
quired it (Reg. de Dunf., No. 72, p. 38). King William gave them
a land in exchange for land which the King had enclosed in his
park. Confirmation by Bishop Rich, of St. Andrews to Dunfermline
404 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
of the chapel of the Castle of Stirling (Dunf., p. 57, No. 94).
Other confirmations are on pp. 63, 66, 81, 154, 157, 418 of the
Register of Dunfermline. Before 1359 th.e chapel became a Chapel
Royal for the King's household and musicians.
CLXXXIII.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham, with a seal attached ;
Raine, N. Durham, App., p. 24, No. cv.
Earl Henry, son of the King of Scotland, addressing all the faithful,
announces that he has confirmed the gift of Edrom and Nisbet by
Earl Gospatric, the brother of Dolfin, to the church of St. Mary and
St. Cuthbert at Coldingham.
CLXXXIV.
Cartae Prioratus Insulae de May, Dr. Stuart's edition, p. 2, No. 2.
King David grants to the Prior and to the monks of May a full
toft in Berwick, in perpetual alms, with all the rights and exemptions
of any l elemosina ' in the kingdom. Those who live in the toft shall
be free from services and from all exactions.
CLXXXV.
Liber de Calchou, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 340, No. 445.
Confirmation by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, of the increase to
the endowment of St. Laurence at Berwick made by the Abbey of Kelso
granting the tithe of a ploughgate of land at Berwick, and the fish-
ings and a toft in the burgh. The title, ante, p. 148, is quite wrong.
Date between 1147 and 1150.
p. 148. Ecclesiae Sancti Laurentii. It appears from the charter by
Malcolm IV. (Lib. de Cal., 6) that the Abbey of Kelso got this
church from Robert the son of William, whose charter has not been
preserved. Can he be Robert son of Widon ? (pp. 87, 140). The
church of St. Laurence had two bovates of land which the monks gave
to William the Lion, and in exchange he gave two bovates next
Prestebridge (p. 12).
CLXXXVI.
This was copied for me by Mr. Paton from the XXXI. volume of the
Acta Dominorum Concilii in the Register House, Edinburgh. The
original charter was put in evidence in the year 1518 by James
Bisset, a litigant before the Lords of the Council.
NOTES CLXXXII.-CLXXXVII. 405
King David grants to Alexander de St. Martin, Alstanefurd and the
land which Arkil held, by the boundaries between Haddington and
Alstanefurd, to be held of the King by the service of half a knight ;
and the King engages to pay every year from his treasury (camera)
ten marks of silver until he make up a full knight's fee.
p. 149. Alexander de St. Martin was a vassal of the Countess Ada
in her dower lands of Haddington. He is mentioned on pp. 207-209 of
the Registr. of the Priory of St. Andrews, and he was a witness to
several charters in the reign of William the Lion (St. Andr., pp. 216, 217,
248, 249, 250, 313). His brother Adulf accidentally killed Malcolm
de Moreville when hunting, and the land of Langlaw was given to the
Abbey of Dryburgh in reconciliation (Reg. de Dryburgh, pp. 68
et seg.}. Alexander de St. Martin got a charter from the Countess
Ada (No. 2 of the Laing Charters). "Ada the Countess, mother of
the King of Scots, grants to Alexander de St. Martin the lands of
Elstaneford, by those same marches by which King David gave the
same Elstaneford to him. She, moreover, gave Barowe, Donecanes-
laye, Bangelaye, and that land which Uhtred son of Gilise held, and
that land which is on the east side of Seton, by those marches by
which her men walked the lands and delivered them to him : also the
site of his mill on the Tyne, and one carucate of land in Carelsira,
to wit, in Petollin, and one full toft in Hadinton, and another toft in
Carel, all to be held in fee and heritage for the service of one knight,
with sake and soke, tol and theam, infandthef and other liberties.
Witnesses : David, son of the Countess, Hugh Giffard, [ ] of
Cenef, Roger of Valouin, Walter Giffard, Hugh of Baillol, and
William Giffard."
Alexander de St. Martin left a daughter, Ada, who granted half a
mark annually to the Abbey of Holyrood from the rent of her mill
at Athelstaneford. Magister Alexander de St. Martin was a promi-
nent member of the chapter of St. Andrews in the beginning of the
thirteenth century.
Alstaneford is a parish in Haddingtonshire which Countess Ada got
as part of her dower. It was afterwards granted to John de Mont-
ford, who gave half a stone of wax from it annually to the Abbey of
Newbattle. In the time of King Robert the Bruce the lands were
forfeited, and were granted to Richard Hereiz (Robertson, Index, 11);
Athelstanefurd was granted by King Robert III. to John Dolas
(Rob., Index, 141).
CLXXXVII.
Copied from the MS. Chartulary of St. Bees ; Harl. MSS., 434,
fol. 26.
David, King of the Scots, to all his liegemen of Copeland, announces
that he confirms Euersate, the ' elemosina ' which Matilda, the wife of
Godard, gave to the church of St. Bega, and to the brethren serving
God there, free of all secular service, as the charters of William, the
king's nephew, and of Adam son of Swain attest. There was an old
4o6 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
religious house at St. Bees, on the Cumberland coast, which, in the reign
of Henry I., was restored by William Meschin for a prior and six
Benedictine monks and attached, as a cell, to the Abbey of St. Mary
at York.
p. 150. Matilda was the wife of Godard de Boyvill the Dapifer,
the second Lord of Millum ; she gave Anderset, alias Agnes Seat, to
St. Mary's of York. I do not find any land with a name like Eversate
among the possessions of the Priory of St. Bees ; this confirmation
probably refers to Anderset.
sicut cartae Willelmi nepotis mei et Ade fil. Sweni testantur : these
charters have not been preserved.
William Fitz Duncan : by right of his wife was overlord of many
lands in Cumberland.
Adam the son of Swain : see note to CXL.
Testibus. Gospatric son of Orm held several manors within the
barony of Egremont, and was Lord of Seaton in Derwentward ; he
got Lamplugh and Workington from William de Lancaster in ex-
change for Middleton in Lonsdale. He gave Salter Hall in Lamplugh
to St. Mary's Abbey at York ; it subsequently belonged to St. Bees.
Thomas the son of Gospatric gave Lamplugh to Robert, who
assumed the name. Henry the son of Swain was a brother ot
Adam ; he held Langwathby and Edenhall, ante, pp. 105, 108, 147,
197, 374-
CLXXXVIII.
Registrum Prior. S. Andreae, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 183.
King David orders the Sheriff of Clackmannan to see that the
canons of St. Andrews get timber from the wood of Clackmannan for
their building, and they be not disturbed.
CLXXXIX.
A copy in the Advocates Library, 34. 3. II.
King David, prompted by Heaven, for the weal of his soul and for
the souls of Henry his son and of his ancestors and successors, had
founded a monastery at Jedworth, in which, with the advice of John,
the Bishop, and of his other bishops, earls, and barons, and religious
men, he had placed canons regular. He grants and confirms to the
monastery a considerable number of lands and tithes and houses in
Roxburgh and Berwick, a saltpan in Stirling, etc. The text is
corrupt, the Latin is bad, the names of the lands and of the witnesses
have been very carelessly copied. This was granted between 1147,
when Herbert became Bishop of Glasgow, and 1150, when Alwyn
resigned the Abbacy of Holyrood.
NOTES CLXXXVII.-CLXXXIX. 407
It is uncertain in what year the Priory of Jedburgh was founded.
Wyntoun, vn. v., line 7 line 785 :
" A thowsand and a hundyre yhere
And awchtene to rekyne clere."
" Gedword and Kelsowe, Abbayis twa,
Or Dawy wes Kyng, he fowdyd tha."
Though Sir Archibald Dunbar accepts that as the date, the foundation
was much later, as late as about 1138, after the return of Bishop
John from Tiron. Morton (p. 4) suggests that the canons were first
brought to Jedworth at the time assigned by Wyntoun, "and that the
establishment, which was at first a priory, was made an abbey, and
received other additions to its privileges and importance at the time
assigned by Fordun." The earliest appearance in record of a Prior
of Jedburgh is when Daniel the Prior witnessed charter cxxi., ante,
p. 93, in A.D. 1139.
p. 151. The King granted the vills of the two Jedworths ; these
are Old Jedworth and the site of the new priory. Old Jedworth lies
four and a half miles higher up the valley of the Jed than the other,
which is two miles above the confluence of the Jed with the river
Tweed. Old Jedworth belonged to the monks of St. Cuthbert at
Durham. At New Jedburgh there was a small burgh round the
castle of the kings. Malcolm IV. died at Jedburgh in 1164, Alex-
ander, a son of Alexander III., was born there in 1263, and that King
there married his second wife, Joletta de Dreux, in 1285. The castle
was in the hands of Edward I. in 1291. It was given to Douglas by
King Robert the Bruce.
Langtoun is not Langton in Berwickshire, but a land near Jed-
burgh. Richard Anglus gave the abbey two bovates of land in
Langton. In 1513: "Sir Roger Fenwick with 300 men burnt the
town of Langton, and destroyed all the cornes therein, which town
is in the heart of the country, two miles beyond Jedburgh."
Nesbet is in Crailing, now a station on the railway to Jedburgh ;
it must not be confounded with the Nisbet granted to Coldingham by
Earl Gospatric.
Craling. The text here is corrupt. Earl Henry's charter is more
intelligible : " Creling Cospatricii vicecomitis, ipsius Gospatricii
capellano ejusdem Creling praefato monasterio concedente, etc."
This Gospatric the Sheriff was a witness to charters, ante, pp. 28,
55-
p. 152. Craling villae Orrae filii Gilasp. In Earl Henry's charter he
is called Orm son of Eylaf, and in King William's charter Oromus
son of Eilavus, who was a witness, ante, pp. 108 and 160. In later
times Berengarius Engain and David Olifard gave parts of Craling to
Jedburgh Abbey.
Stramsburgh is called Scrauesburgh in the charters by Earl Henry
and King William, and the latter adds that two bovates there were
given by Richard Anglus.
4o8 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
p. 152. Capellani et quod fundata est super aquam Jedde in saltu
nemoris contra Schorwinglen. The text is corrupt. Earl Henry's charter
has "capellam etiam quae et in saltu nemoris," and King William's
"capellam quoque quae fundata est in saltu nemoris contra Xern-
wingeslawe." Christiana, wife of Gervase Ridel, gave to the abbey a
third of Hernwingeslawe. Morton suggests it is Mervinslaw, a little
above Old Jedburgh. Theiudall is Teviotdale. Ulmerstoun : Ulves-
toun in the charters by King Malcolm and King William, is Ulston,
a hamlet about two miles from Jedburgh. Almechine juxta Alve-
cromber is a blunder of the scribe for Alneclive, juxta Alncromb —
now Ancrum. Raperlau is in the parish of Lilliesleaf.
Besides these lands the King granted a house in the burgh of Rox-
burgh, and a house and a fishing in Berwick. In King William's charter
the fishing is identified as the water opposite the island called Tonsma-
hop. Cadwardisly is another error of the transcriber ; it is Edwardsley,
near Jedburgh. The King himself perambulated it and showed its
boundaries.
These were the King's donations to the Abbey, which were con-
firmed by Earl Henry, who did not add any of his own. In addition
to these, we know from King William's charter that King David
granted £10 lands in Hardingesthorn (Northamptonshire), which
were afterwards exchanged for Rule Herevei, now called Abbot-
rule. King Malcolm IV. gave the church of Barton and Grendon
in Northamptonshire, and in the burgh of Jedworth a toft and
seven acres. The monks had the privilege that in their houses in
Berwick "nullus ministrorum regis tunella vini a mercatoribus illic
allata et ibi evacuata exigere presumat." Gospatric the Sheriff gave
in Crailing a ploughgate and a half and three acres with two
maisurae. Berengarius Engain gave a mark of silver in the mill
of Crailing, and two bovates of land " cum uno villano," and a toft,
and for the maintenance of the chaplain of Crailing two bovates
of land with another toft, and a toft near the church. David Olifard
gave the tithe of the mill of Crailing. Orm son of Eilaf gave a
ploughgate of land in the other Crailing. Richard Anglus gave two
bovates in Scrauesburgh, and two bovates in Langtun. Gamel, the
cleric, with the consent of his sons Osulf and Ughtred, gave Cavers.
Margaret, the wife of Thomas de Loudon, with the consent of her
sons, Thomas and Henry Lovel, gave Ughtredesxaghe. Christiana,
wife of Gervase Ridel, gave a third of Hernwingeslawe. Gaufrid
de Percy and Henry de Percy gave the church and lands at Oxnam
and Newbigging. Rod son of Duneg and his wife Bethoc gave a
ploughgate of land in Rughecestre. Turg. de Rossedale gave the
religious house of Liddel, and the church of Kirchanders. Guido de
Rossedale, with the consent of Radulf his son, gave 42 acres between
Esk and Liddel, where they join. Ranulf de Sules gave the church
of the valley of Liddel, and the church of Dodintun, juxta Ber-
tona (in Northamptonshire), and half a ploughgate in Nasebith.
Gervase Ridel (who became a monk at Jeddeworth), and Radulf his
brother, gave the church of Abboldesle. William de Veteri Ponte gave
a ploughgate of land in his lordship of Carriden.
Testes et assentatores : the names are misspelt. Andreas Episcopus
Cataneus (Catanensis). The Bishopric of Caithness was founded by
King David between 1146 and 1150. The first Bishop was Andrew,
NOTES CLXXXIX-CXCII. 409
who was, it is said (2 ConciL, 217), a monk in the Abbey of Dunferm-
line. He held the church of Dunkeld and its lands. Bishop Andrew
witnessed many of the later charters of King David's reign ; he
was a leading man in the reign of King Malcolm and King William ;
he died 30 December, 1184. It is probable that he was only titular
Bishop of Caithness ; King David could not put him in possession
of his diocese, because Caithness was still under the rule of the
Norse Earls of Orkney. Mr. Cosmo Innes says that prior to the
episcopate of Bishop Gilbert (A.D. 1233-1245) there was only one priest
to celebrate mass in the cathedral church. More than a hundred
years later (1259-1281), Earl Harold had power to order a penny to be
paid to the bishop for each inhabited house in his earldom. It was a
lawless land ; John, the next bishop, was cruelly treated ; his tongue
and eyes were torn out in 1201. Adain, the third bishop, was burned
to death in 1222. Gilbert, the fourth bishop, was more appreciated,
at least after his death, for he was canonized as St. Gilbert.
cxc.
This is taken from Morton's Monastic Annals of Teviotdale, p. 53.
He does not say where the original was.
Henry, Earl of Northumberland, confirms to the canons whom his
father placed in the monastery of Jed worth, the gifts to the priory.
I see no reason to refuse to accept this as a copy of a genuine
charter. The lands are the same as in King David's charter ; there
are a few differences in spelling and in expression. Morton gives a
charter by King William " ex autographo in Archivis Ducis de
Buccleuch." This was granted between A.D. 1147, when Herbert
became Bishop of Glasgow, and A.D. 1152, when Earl Henry died.
CXCI.
Registrum de Dryburgh, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 103, No. 145.
Earl Henry confirms the right of Beatrix de Belchaump to land in
Roxburgh which she held of the King.
p. 154. Belchaump. She was the wife of Hugo de Morville and is
called de Bello Campo in other charters.
CXCII.
Liber de Calchou, fol. 53 ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 106,
No. 138.
Grant by Roger de Ov to the Abbey of Kelso of the church of his
villa of Langtune in free alms, as Henry the parson of that church
held it at its best. Granted for the weal of the soul of Earl Henry,
Lord of Henry de Ov.
410 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
From this and many similar charters it appears that the owner of a
manor who paid tithe to the parson of the church, and who had or
claimed right to the patronage, assumed that he had right to alienate
to a religious house the patronage, the tithes, and the church lands.
This grant was confirmed by William the Lion and by several Bishops
of St. Andrews. Roger de Ov was of a Northumbrian family
(Chalm., Caled. 2, p. 244). The barony was held for two hundred
years by the de Veteri Ponte family, and afterwards from about 1333
till the middle of the eighteenth century by the Cockburns, when it
was sold to Mr. Gavin ; on whose death it passed to the Marquis
of Breadalbane.
p. 154. Langton is a parish of about 7000 acres in the centre of
Berwickshire. It is said that Earl Henry gave a part of Langton to
William de Veteri Ponte (2 Chalm., Caled., p. 369). William the Lion
granted a charter to William de Veteri Ponte of the lands of Boulton,
Caredyn, and Langtoun in warennam (Rob., Index, p. 79), his wife
was Emma de St. Hilario, the heiress of Blackness and Carriden, he
was also the owner of Oggilface (in Linlithgowshire), which he granted
to Holyrood. William de Veteri Ponte confirmed the grant of the
church of Langton to Kelso and added a ploughgate of land described
by boundaries. He died in England and there was a dispute regard-
ing the removal of his body to Kelso for burial, which was settled by
the monks discharging a debt of thirty shillings due by his son and
heir, besides paying him forty shillings and engaging that the soul of
his father should be specially mentioned in the masses said for the
benefactors of the church.
p. 155. G. Dean of Fogghou. Fogo is a parish in Berwickshire,
the prebend of the rural Dean of the Merse. John decanus de Fogghou
occurs as a witness to a charter temp. William the Lion. Hugo de
Duns. Duns is a parish in Berwickshire. Henry parson of Langton
had a toft in which there was an old ditch (' fossa ') in which he had
his fold ('faldum') (Lib. de Kelso, Nos. 140, 141, 142), which perhaps
was not his private property, but church land. The priest of Clack-
mannan had a toft in Langton (Chart. Cambusk., No. 57). Was
Robert son of Randulf a grandson of Dunegal of Stranit ?
CXCIII.
Liber de Calchou, foL 17 ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 26, No. 29.
Earl Henry grants and confirms to Ernald, the Abbot of Kelso, the
toft of Dodinus in Berwick on the Tweed, to be held in fee of the Earl,
as Dodin held it.
The Earl here professes to be the overlord of Berwick. From this
and from other charters he seems to have had the same rights in the
south of Scotland as his father had in the reign of Alexander I. In
1177 this toft in Berwick was in dispute between the Abbey of Kelso
NOTES CXCII.-CXCV. 411
and Lambertonus, who claimed it by hereditary right. The dispute
was settled by the Bishops of St. Andrews and Glasgow. Dodyn gave
to the Abbey of Kelso the church of " Lintun Ruderich " (Lib. de
Cal., p. 335, No. 436). Probably he was Dodin of Dodingtoun (Lib-
de Cal., p. 226). Richard de Dodenstun is mentioned (Lib. de Cal.,
pp. 197 and 348 and Charters of Holyrood, p. 215) and Hugo de
Dodinvilla (Charters of Holyrood, pp. 28 and 76).
CXCIV.
Liber de Calchou, fol. 8 ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 5, No. 2.
King David confirms the lands, rights, and privileges of the Abbey
of Kelso.
This appears to me to be a spurious charter, written after 1147,
the year in which John, Bishop of Glasgow, died (he is here
spoken of as 'venerabilis memoriae'). It seems to be an attempt
to forge a charter by King David; the compiler having before
him the genuine charter of King Malcolm IV., omitted many lands
and churches so that it might appear to be a deed by the earlier king ;
his heart failed him when he came to the end and he gave no
witnesses ; he added what he thought he ought to have in-
cluded— a grant of the church of Selkirk. There are numerous
omissions of names and places which ought to have appeared in a
genuine confirmation by King David. This charter speaks of a
dispute between the Abbots of Holyrood and Kelso having been
settled "coram hiis testibus R. abbe de Neubotil et aliis." The
charter of Malcolm gives the names of all the witnesses. This
charter omits the grant to Kelso of Lesmahagow, which was made in
1144. One land called Botheldene in the charters by David I. (to
Selkirk) and by Malcolm IV. and William the Lion (to Kelso) is in
this charter changed to Bouldene, showing that this was written
when the modern name of Bowden was coming into use. There are
other changes : the seventh part of the mill of Roxburgh is com-
muted for twelve chalders " inter farinam et frumentum," Truenlene
is given in exchange for Hardingesthorne at Northampton, which the
monks of Kelso had given up to the King "ad suum magnum
negotium."
CXCV.
Registrum Vetus Epis. Glasguensis, fol. 58 ; Maitland Club edition,
p. 10, No. 5.
Earl Henry confirms the grant which his father King David had
made to the church of St. John in the castle of Roxburgh of a plough-
412 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
gate of land in his demesne and a full toft and a ' mansura terrae '
within the castle and all the church offerings of those who live in the
castle, and a fourth of the offerings of the Earl and his wife, a tithe
of his brushwood, and a tithe of the fat of the beasts killed for the
Earl in Teviotdale. It is not stated to whom the remaining
three-fourths of the Earl's offerings in church were to be given.
The grant is almost in the same words as the King's gift, No.
LXXXIII., ante, p. 69. The chapel in the castle of Roxburgh was
afterwards granted to the Bishopric of Glasgow, in whose possession it
remained. The charter was granted at Traquair, where the Earl
had with him the Bishop of Glasgow, the Abbot of Kelso, Walter his
father, the King's chancellor, and Engelram his own chancellor, the
Constable Hugh de Moreville (he is styled Constable, ante, pp. ill,
152 and 159), Earl Gospatric, William de Sumerville, Walter the son
of Alan, Robert son of Turet (unknown), Gervase Ridel (p. 47),
William Masculus (p. 103), Walter de Ridale (pp. 153, 179).
CXCVI.
Liber de Calchou, fol. 72 ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 144, No. 176.
Uctred son of Liulf grants 'in elemosina' to the Abbey of Kelso
the church of Molle and the land adjoining it, as the granter and
Aldred the Dean had perambulated it.
p. 160. Molle or Mow, a large district of nearly twenty square miles,
with extensive pasturage, in Roxburghshire on the Cheviots. It is now
part of Morebattle. Of old it was owned by several families, each of
whom was called ' de Molle.'
Uctred son of Liulf was the father of Eschina de Molle,
who married Walter son of Alan, the first Stewart. She gave a
ploughgate in Molle to the Abbey of Paisley, where her daughter
Margaret was buried, and land to the Abbey of Kelso, where
another daughter was buried. The Stewarts continued to have an
interest in Molle until about A.D. 1236 (Liber de Melros, 134, 261
and 262). In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries many distin-
guished families intermarried with the de Molles : Avenel, Maleverer,
de Lincoln, de Vesci. The pedigree is interesting, but difficult; it
would be out of place here to attempt to trace it. Mr. Morton
(Monastic Annals of Teviotdale, p. 118) has a long note on Molle and
its owners.
Aldred the Dean, who, with Uctred, perambulated the land of the
church, was the rural Dean of Teviotdale in the diocese of Glasgow.
NOTES CXCV.-CXCIX.
413
CXCVII.
Liber de Calchou, fol. 152 ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 320, No. 416.
Herbert, the Bishop of Glasgow, confirms the grant by Uctred, son
of Liulf, of the church of Molle to the Abbey of Kelso. The witnesses
are clerics of the diocese of Glasgow, of whom Nicolaus is well known.
CXCVII I.
Registrum de Dryburgh, Bannatyne Club edition, p. in, No. 158.
It appears that Peter, the son of Walter of Stirling, held of the King
a ploughgate of land in Ednam, and that Tebald de Norham held half
a ploughgate in the same vill. The King had granted to Nicolas the
cleric twenty shillings from Peter de Stirling's ploughgate and half a
mark from Tebald de Norham's half ploughgate, equal to two marks,
in exchange for two marks which the King had granted to Nicolas
from Bellestlene which belonged to Uctred the priest by the gift of
Bishop John of Glasgow.
p. 161. Nicholas the cleric: see note to No. xcn.
Bellestlene. I have not discovered where this land was.
CXCIX.
Copied from the original in Public Record Office ; no seal. Ancient
Deeds, L. 78; Box A. 115, Duchy of Lancaster Archives; Bain's
Calendar, L, p. 6 ; National MSS. of Scotland, facsimile.
David, King of Scots, to all the good men of his whole land,
French, English, and Galwegians, grants to Robert de Brus in fee and
heritage to him and his heir, in forest, the valley of the ' Anant,' on
both sides of the water of Annan as the bounds are from the forest
of Seleschirche as far as his land stretches toward Stradnitt and
towards Clud. No one shall hunt in the said forest save de Brus him-
self, under penalty of ten pounds, and none shall pass through except
by the straight way marked out. Date between 1147 and 1153. Mr.
Cosmo Innes says : " The writer is not strong in his Latin. He
writes ' foresto ' instead of ' foresta,' ' vallum 3 instead of * vallem,' and
{ venatur ' instead of ' venetur ' ; but, after all, our old charter Latin
is not so bad as the French, which confounds all grammar."
p. 162. Robert de Brus was the son of Robert de Brus to whom
Annandale was granted by King David.
Valley of the Anant : Annandale, which is separated from Selkirk-
shire by Mirkside, Chirnside, and Ettrick Pen rising to a height
414 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
of 2223 feet. It is separated from Nithsdale by a range of hills
in Closeburn, Kirkmahoe, and Tunwald, and by the Locher Moss.
The Clyde has its source in Moffat, in Annandale. Staplegorton,
where this charter was granted, is a pastoral district in Eskdale,
formerly a parish, but now united with Langholm. One can imagine
the King and a party, the two de Morevilles, Walter the son of Alan,
Odenel de Unframvilla, Walter de Lindesay, and Walter the Chan-
cellor, hunting in the wilds of Annandale and Nithsdale ; this
charter, written on the spot, may be the result of an interruption
in the day's sport by some one hunting or travelling over the hills,
which the King in his anger resolved should not happen again, and
which induced him to give de Brus exclusive and stringent rights of
forest, and of prevention of trespass.
CC.
A fragment, without a seal, in the Record Office, among the Archives
of the Duchy of Lancaster. Cartae Miscell., No. 55. It is cut across,
and part is missing.
This is a feu or lease by a Bishop of Glasgow, probably Herbert,
who was bishop from 1147-1164,10 Robert de Brus, the younger, of
the church lands in Annandale, to be held of the bishop on the same
terms as Robert de Brus, the elder, held them. The King himself
is a witness, and the charter was granted at Carlisle, where David I.
resided in the last years of his reign.
CCI.
Cartae Prioratus Insulae de May, Dr. Stuart's edition, p. 4, No. 6.
King David, addressing the sheriffs, officers, and all his lieges,
orders that the monks of May and their servants shall be exempt from
can and toll throughout the kingdom, with liberty to sell their goods
and to buy necessaries for the house.
p. 163. Chegho is the quaint misspelling of Kelso by the English-
man who copied the charter.
CCII.
Cartae Prioratus Insulae de May, Dr. Stuart's edition, p. 4, No. 7.
Mandate by King David to his sheriffs, etc., of Perth, that tithes
are to be paid to the monks of Rindalgros. This seems to imply
that there was a settlement of monks at Rindalgros, but I doubt
whether the Abbey of Reading ever built a house there.
NOTES CXCIX.-CCV. 415
CCIII.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 6 b ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 1 1,
No. ii.
King David grants to the Abbey of Dunfermline a toft in the burgh
of Haddington. The monks of Dunfermline had a long connection
with Haddington. By a charter (ccix., p. 167), King David gave
them a ' mansura ' there, which was confirmed by succeeding kings
(Reg. Dunf, pp. 19, 28, 40, 46, 321), and by Popes Alexander, Lucius,
and Gregory (ib. pp. 152, 157, 175). Countess Ada gave a "plenarium
toftum" in the burgh of Haddington (No. CCLX., p. 208). King
William gave an annual payment of three marks from the rent (firma)
of the burgh to the church of Dunfermline (Reg. Dunf., pp. 31, 36).
David de Lindesay granted to Dunfermline Abbey the superiority of
a toft in Haddington which William Brown held of him (ib. p. 107).
At the Reformation the bailies of Haddington paid 403. per annum
to the Abbey (ib. p. 430).
CCIV.
In the Chartulary of Cambuskenneth, Grampian Club edition, p.
250, No. 170 ; Facsimile, p. 251.
King David grants to the Abbey of Stirling the land of Ketliston
in alms, as free from all secular service as the Abbey holds its other
lands of the King. This was confirmed by King Alexander II. (Chart.
Cambus., p. 250).
p. 164. Ketliston, alias Ketilstoun or Katelistune, is near the town
of Linlithgow. It continued the property of the Abbey of Cambus-
kenneth till the Reformation. On pp. 251 and 252 of the Chartulary
are records showing that the men of Ketlistun were subject not to the
jurisdiction of the Sheriff, but to the Abbot's Court.
ccv.
Registrum de Dryburgh, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 38, No. 48.
King David grants to Nicolas his clerk, the wood in Pedynane,
which Syrand the priest held of the King, with the privilege of
hunting.
p. 165. Pedynane is Pettinain, a parish in Lanarkshire. The land
held by Nicolas was granted by King David to the Abbey of Dryburgh ;
probably the original charter to Nicolas was then delivered to the
abbey. Syrand. He appears only in connection with this land which
he held of the King.
416 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
p. 165. Nemus in firmam forestam : ' in liberam forestam ' is the more
usual phrase. The wood is called 'Imbriston' in the heading to
charter No. 44 in the Chartulary of Dryburgh.
CCVI.
The original was in the Panmure Charter Chest. Printed in the
Charters of Holyrood, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 10, No. 9.
Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, grants the church of Carriden with
two ploughgates of land, to the Abbey of Holyrood.
This may be of later date than 1 1 53. There is a difficulty about the
witnesses : it is generally understood that Ailred did not become
Abbot of Stirling until 1164, so it is impossible he could witness
a charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, who died in 1 159 or 1160.
p. 165. Carriden is a parish in Linlithgowshire of 2078 acres. The
church continued to belong to Holyrood. The lands of Carriden
were the property of the family of the Veteri Ponte (or Vipunts) for
some generations. About 1200 W. de Veteri Ponte, eldest of the
three sons of W. de V. Ponte and Emma de Sancto Hylario, granted
to the Abbey of Holyrood a tithe of his coal of Kareddin and a tithe
of the profits of all ships and boats loading and unloading at Blakenes.
p. 1 66. Gaufrid, Abbot of Dunfermline. There were two Abbots of
Dunfermline named Gaufrid : the first from 1128 till 1154, the second
from 1154 till 1178.
Samsone, monk of Durham : perhaps Samson who afterwards
became the Bishop of Brechin.
Plenaria synodo, a provincial synod ; see Dr. Jos. Robertson
Preface, Concilia Scotiae, p. clxxxiii.
CCVI I.
Cartae Prioratus Insulae de May, Dr. Stuart's edition, p. 2, No. 3.
King David grants to the monks of May half of Ballegallin and
pasturage in Kelly and Crail. This was confirmed by King William
the Lion.
p. 166. Ballegallin. Dr. Stuart does not say where this land is.
The Abbey of Dunfermline had some rights in it ; they confirmed to
the Priory of May its right to the tithes. Sira de Chellin is probably
Kelly in Fifeshire. Sira de Cherel is Crail, a burgh and parish in Fife.
CCVIII.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 7 a ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 13,
No. 21.
Mandate by the King to the Sheriff, etc., ordering that the monks of
Dunfermline have materials for building from the King's woods.
NOTES CCV.-CCIX.
417
CCIX.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 9 a ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 5,
No. 2.
King David, exercising the royal authority and power, with the
assent of Henry his son and of Matilda the Queen, his wife, and with
the assent of the bishops, earls and barons of his kingdom, the
clergy and the people acquiescing, confirms to the church of Dun-
fermline the gifts of his predecessors. He affirms the gifts of his
father and mother, the gifts of his brothers Duncan, Edgar, Ethelred,
Alexander the King, and of Sibilla the Queen. The King also con-
firms his own gifts. In addition, he, with the consent of Henry his
son, grants Nithbren and Belacristin and 'mansurae' in Berwick,
Roxburgh, Haddington, Edinburgh, Linlithgow, and a mansura in
Stirling with two churches and a ploughgate of land, and the tithe of
his lordships and the tithe of the can of the whole 'castrensis provincia'
and the houses of Roger the priest and fishings, and a mansio in the
burgh of Dunfermline, the tithe of the rent of the burgh and of the
mill and of all his lordships of Dunfermline and a mansio in Perth
and the church of the burgh, with its mansio, and the tithe of his
demesne.
The King grants these lands to be held as freely as his own lands,
reserving the burden of defending the realm and the right to hear
appeals, if the abbot shall fail to do justice in his court. He grants a
tithe of all the pleas and gains of Fife and Fotherif, reserving the rights
of the Bishop of Dunkeld, a tithe of the produce of all game taken
between Lammermoor and Tay and a half of the hides and fat and
lard of all beasts killed for feasts in Stirling and between Forth and
Tay, with timber for fire-wood and building in the King's wood.
He also grants all the offerings at the great altar, and every seventh
seal taken at Kinghorn, and a tithe of salt and iron brought to Dun-
fermline for the King's use ; he confirms to the church of the Holy
Trinity his father and mother's gift of the whole parish of Fotherif,
and he grants in alms the fishing of Aldestelle at Berwick ; he
prohibits the taking of distress on the land, or on the men, of the
church, except for their own debt ; he confirms the right of the
church to their ' servi,' and orders that all fugitives and ' cumerlache '
be restored.
The King grants a tithe of his unbroken mares in Fife and
Fotherif, an exemption from toll on all necessaries, five marks of silver
a year (for clothing) from the first ships which come to Stirling or
to Perth ; the passage and boat of Inverkeithing, on condition that
2D
4i 8 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
travellers and messengers to the King and men of the court of the
King and of his son be carried free. The King warrants the Abbey
from claims on men who were on the lands at the date of the grants.
He gifts the tithe of the can of Clackmannan, and of hides, fat, and
fleeces, half of the tithe of Argyll and Kintyre, exemption from
subjection and exaction, both secular and ecclesiastical, and a fishing
at Perth.
Although from the mention of Queen Matilda, the King's wife, it
might be supposed that she was alive, it is plain from the witnesses
that this was granted after 1147, probably in 1150, on the occasion
of the dedication of the church of Dunfermline. The beginning,
and indeed the greater part of this charter, is a repetition of the
great charter of confirmation granted probably in 1128 (ante, p. 167).
The Abbey of Dunfermline had lost very little and had gained a great
deal in these twenty-two years. It has already been said that the
charters of King David's predecessors have not been preserved, for
that at one time ascribed to Malcolm III. is spurious. Of King
David's own gifts, a few separate charters recorded in the Register,
ante, LXIL, p. 53 ; LXVI., p. 55 ; LXIX. and LXX., p. 57 ; LXXIX., p.
66 ; cm., p. 81 ; cv., p. 83 ; CVIIL, p. 84 ; CXXVIIL, p. 97 ; CLVII., p.
121 ; CCVIIL, p. 167, are embodied in this charter of confirmation.
p. 1 68. Fotheros juxta Sanctum Andream : a land in Fifeshire.
Nithbren and Belacristin were granted by King David and Earl
Henry by charter ccxxiv., p. 181, which ought to have preceded this
charter of confirmation.
p. 169. Exceptis rectitudinibus quae Abbatiae Dunkeldensi pertinent.
These rights were not reserved in the first great charter to Dunferm-
line which granted " omnem decimam praebendae quae afferetur
ibidem de Fif et de Fotherif."
Parochiam totam Fothrif. In the spurious charter, ante, p. 8,
appears a grant of ' tota schira de Fotriffe.' Fothrif was a large
district in which other religious houses and laymen had lands and
churches, and, at no time, had Dunfermline exclusive right to it.
p. 170. Inverkethin. Inverkeithing is a seaport in Fife, on the
Firth of Forth, and from this it appears that the ferry across the
Forth at that time landed at Inverkeithing. In later times, the ferry
was between South and North Queensferry. The Ordnance Gazetteer
states that the last assembly of the Culdees took place at Inver-
keithing in the reign of David I., a statement for which there is no
authority ; and it also states that " the original parish church, St.
Peter's, was bequeathed in 1139 to Dunfermline Abbey by Waldeve
son of Gospatric " ; the charter by Waldeve was granted nearly a
hundred years after 1139 (Reg. Dunf., p. 94).
Singulis sabbatis in curia habent, etc. ' Sabbatum ' in medieval
writings had several meanings, every church festival, or the whole
NOTES CCIX.-CCXI.
419
week, or the seventh day, Saturday or Sunday. I am not aware of
any grant similar to this in any Scottish charter ; it is a grant of
hides (presumably to make parchment for the use of the Abbots'
Court), one to be given each week and two to be given every sixth
week, with two portions of fat and the sixth of the skins of goats and
sheep.
p. 171. Decimi mei : so written in the Registrum.
Ergaithel et de Kentir. The northern and southern parts of the
modern shire of Argyll. " King David granted to Holyrood Abbey
(ante, p. 1 18) half of the tithe of the pleas and profits of Kentyr and of
Errogeil."
Piscaturam apud Pert. The writer had overlooked this gift of a
fishing which he inserts in the concluding paragraph.
Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, Gregory, Bishop of Dunkeld,
and Andrew, Bishop of Caithness, confirm the grant ; these were
the Bishops principally interested. Dunfermline lay within the diocese
of St. Andrews ; the Abbey of Dunkeld had rights in Fife and
Fothrif, hence the Bishop of Dunkeld confirms this ; the consent
of the Bishop of Caithness was desired because he had rights in
Dunkeld.
Testes et assertores. The name of Walter the chancellor shows
that this was granted after 1147. There are an unusual number of
native Scottish witnesses : Alwyn Mac Arkil, Ewen Marescallus, Gille-
colmus Mac Chimpethin, Macbeth Mac Torfin, Mereuin filius Colbain.
CCX.
From the Chartulary of Cambuskenneth, Grampian Club edition,
p. 312, No. 215.
The King orders that canons of Stirling and their tenants shall be
free from toll and custom throughout the whole kingdom. Similar
exemption was granted to Coldingham, ante, p. 17 ; to the Abbey of
Holyrood, p. 119 ; to the Priory of St. Andrews, p. 132 ; to the Priory
of May, p. 163 ; to the Abbey of Dunfermline, p. 170.
CCXI.
From the Registrum of Dryburgh, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 9,
No. 14.
Confirmation by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, of the grants by
Hugh de Moreville and Beatrix de Bello Campo to the Abbey of
Dryburgh.
In the year 1150 Hugo de Moreville and his wife Beatrix de Bello
Campo founded an abbey of Premonstratensian canons at Dryburgh in
Berwickshire, on the banks of the river Tweed. The canons were
420 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
brought from the Abbey of Alnwick in Northumberland, where a
monastery of Premonstratensians had existed for thirty years.
The cemetery was consecrated on St. Martin's day, 1 150 ; the canons
entered into residence on 13 December, 1152. Dryburgh lay within
the Lordship of Lauderdale, which had been granted to Hugh de
Moreville. Hugh de Moreville gave the canons the churches of
Channelkirk and of Salton ; his wife and daughter and son were
also benefactors. The King gave the churches of Lanark and Pet-
tinain and Caddysleya, a land which afterwards became a fertile
grange of the abbey.
CCXII.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham ; a seal ; Raine, N.
Durham, Appendix, p. 82, No. CCCCXLVH.
Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, announces to all the faithful sons
of mother church in his diocese that before him and Hugh the
Constable an agreement has been made between the mother church of
Ednam and the chapel of Newton, that the former should have all the
tithes and church rights in Newton and that the monks of Colding-
ham, to whom the mother church belongs, should cause mass to be
sung in the chapel on three days of the week and that the men
of Newton shall come to the mother church on Christmas and on
Candlemas, on ' diebus Tenebrarum,' on Easter day, on Rogation days,
and on St. Cuthbert's day. If the men of Newton should fail to pay
tithe to Ednam, divine service in the chapel shall be discontinued
until they are reconciled to the mother church. There is a duplicate
at Durham, No. CCCCXLVin. of Raine's N. Durham, which differs
from this only in including Whitsunday among the festivals to be
attended in the mother church, and in adding the monks, Roger
and Waldef, as witnesses.
p. 173. Newton (Newton-Don in Berwickshire) is now part of the
parish of Nenthorn. In 1316 the Bishop of St. Andrews exchanged
the chapels of Newton and Nenthorn for the church of Cranston
belonging to the Abbey of Kelso (Lib. de Calch., pp. 252-256).
CCXIII.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham ; a seal ; Raine, N.
Durham, Appendix, p. 82, No. CCCCXLIX.
Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, confirms the gift by Gospatric,
brother of Dolfin, to the monks of St. Cuthbert, of Edrom and its
church and Nesbit and also their right to the churches of Swinton and
Fish wick. This was granted on 25 October, 1150, at a synod at
NOTES CCXI.-CCXVI. 421
Berwick, and was witnessed by several churchmen : the Priors of St.
Andrews, Scon, Jedburgh, Holyrood, by Adam, the King's chaplain at
Roxburgh, and many others.
p. 174. Synodo. This was a Provincial Synod: see Dr. Jos. Robert-
son, Preface to Concilia Scotiae, p. clxxxiii. Bishop Robert granted
a charter to Holyrood, ante, ccvi., p. 165, 'in plenaria synodo.'
CCXIV.
The original is in the Panmure Charter Chest. Printed in the
Charters of Holyrood, Bannatyne Club edition, p. n, No. n.
Thor the son of Swain grants to God and to the church of the Holy
Rood at Edinburgh the church of Tranent free from all secular service,
and, in addition to the gifts of his ancestors, Thor gives two houses and
two tofts.
He was a witness to several charters (ante, pp. 59, 72, 123, 186).
p. 175. Tranent. The parish formerly included Prestonpans. In
the reign of William the Lion the de Quinceys were owners of the
estate.
Testibus. The Bishop of Moray, the Abbot of Jedburgh, Thoraldus
the Archdeacon, Aiolfus the Dean, Nicolas the King's clerk, Neis the
son of Chilunus, Edmund the son of Forn, Bernard the son of Tocca,
Gilandreas the (Thor's) steward, Edmund of Fazeside and Alden.
CCXV.
Registrum de Dryburgh, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 51, No. 68. It
is headed " Prima donatio super ecclesia de Worgis."
Hugh de Moreville grants to the church of St. Mary at Dryburgh,
for the soul of his father and for the salvation of his own soul, the
church of Worgis in perpetual alms. I am by no means sure that this
is a genuine charter.
p. 176. Worgis is now called Borgue, a parish in the Stewartry of
Kirkcudbright, in Galloway. About 1170, Sir Ralph de Campania
granted the church to Dryburgh, which grant was confirmed by his
grandson Nicolas de Campania and by two Bishops of Candida Casa
(Reg. Dryb., pp. 49, 50, 51, 52).
CCXVI.
Registrum de Dryburgh, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 145, No. 201.
Hugh de Moreville grants and confirms to the Abbey of Dryburgh
half a ploughgate of land in Newton, which William his steward held,
from the west of Derestrete to the bounds of Thirlestane. The monks
422 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
were to have pasturage for four oxen and a horse, in common with the
men of Newton.
The charter was sealed with the seals of the Bishops of St. Andrews
and Glasgow, and of the granter.
This charter is not alluded to in the confirmations to Dryburgh
by Kings Malcolm, William and Alexander, pp. 178, 180, 181. Per-
haps it is not genuine.
p. 176. Newton is now Newton-Don, which belonged to the de
Morevilles ; Ada, daughter of Hugo de Moreville, gave to Dryburgh a
tithe of the mill of Newton. She married Roger Bertram, who con-
firmed her grant (Reg. Dryb., pp. 106, 180, 181).
Derestrete probably was an old road ; it is mentioned again, Reg.
Dryb., p. 123.
Thirlestan. This must mean the lordship of Thirlestane. The
castle of Thirlestane, on the Leader, close to the town of Lauder, is
a long way from Newton.
CCXVII.
Registrum de Dryburgh, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 10, No. 15.
Confirmation by Henry, Earl of Northumberland, of all the grants
to Dryburgh by Hugo de Moreville and Beatrix de Bello Campo.
p. 177. Sicut carta eorum. No charter by Hugo de Moreville and
his wife has been preserved.
CCXVIII.
Registrum de Dryburgh, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 34, No. 43.
There is a duplicate, No. 209, p. 151.
King David confirms to Dryburgh Abbey the churches of Lanark
and Pettinain, and the ploughgate of land in Pettinain, which
Nicholas his clerk held of him.
"The craftsmen and herdsmen, whose dwellings grew up under
the protection of the King's Castle at Lanark, no doubt cultivated
the royal manor : while each had his toft and the privilege of pasturing
his cattle on the moor, in return for which, according to immemorial
usage, maills or rents would be exacted by the King's bailie " (Records
of the Royal Burgh of Lanark, Preface).
CCXIX.
Registrum de Dryburgh, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 68, No. 93.
Beatrix de Bello Campo grants to the Abbey of Dryburgh the
church of Bosyete in Northamptonshire. This grant was confirmed
by Richard de Moreville, the son of Beatrix de Bello Campo (No.
NOTES CCXVI.-CCXXI. 423
CCXL., ante, p. 192), by Malcolm IV., William the Lion, Alexander
II., and by Pope Lucius, Pope Celestine, Pope Gregory, and Pope
Alexander. Dryburgh Abbey granted to the canons of the church of
St. James of Northampton the church of " Bosgitta, reddendo an-
nuatim in vita Adelardi post decessum Algari patris sui viginti
solidos et unum bitantium vel duos solidos pro bitancio ; post
decessum vero ipsius Adelardi ipsi canonici de Northamtoun reci-
pient ipsam ecclesiam de Bosgitta in manu sua liberam et quietam
et reddent praenominatis monachis de Driburgh duas marcas et
dimidiam annuatim in perpetuum. . . ." There was afterwards an
arrangement by which this payment was partly satisfied by a trans-
fer of land in Lauder which Helene de Morville had granted to the
House of St. James of Northampton (Reg. Dunf., p. 91).
CCXX.
Registrum Epis. Glasguensis, Maitland Club edition, p. n, No. 8.
King David, addressing the bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justices,
sheriffs, provosts, officers, and all the liegemen of his whole kingdom,
informs them that he has granted in alms to the church of St. Kenti-
gern of Glasgow, and to the Bishop of that church, the church of
Cadihou, as freely as any alms can be held, Henry the Earl assenting.
p. 179. Cadihou, Cadzow, in the parish of Hamilton. "The old
church legend assigns it as the residence of the Princess to whom
St. Kentigern miraculously restored the ring. Cadzow was a royal
demesne, and an occasional residence of David I. and his succes-
sors till William I. gave it to his son, Rob. de Lundres " (i Orig. Par.
Scot., 106).
Chelgho, an eccentric way of spelling Kelso. The scribe probably
was a stranger.
Thomas Lundoniarum. Probably the Thomas de Lundin, a witness
to two charters by Malcolm IV. (Reg. Prior. S. And., p. 207 ; Lib. de
Melros, p. 9). Was he Thomas de Lundin, afterwards called Dur-
ward, who contested the legitimacy of Morgund, Earl of Mar ?
CCXXI.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 7 a ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 14,
No. 24.
King David, addressing all his liegemen, announces that he has
granted to Andrew, Bishop of Caithness, Hoctor comon, free from all
service except service in the army.
p. 179. Hoctor Comon. The editor of the Origines Paroch. Scotiae
(2, p. 598) suggests that this was Huchterhinche, assigned by Bishop
Gilbert to the chantry.
424 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CCXXII.
This is taken from the copy in the Denmylne Coll. in the Advocates'
Library, 15. i. 18, p. 76, No. 105.
I do not know whether the original exists. Sir James Dalrymple
(p. 348) and Mr. Riddell (Stewartiana, p. 109) professed to have
seen it.
King David, addressing the bishops, abbots, justiciars, barons, sheriffs,
' praepositi,' officers, and all the men of his land, French and English,
informs them that he has granted to Walter de Riddale, Whitimes and
the half of Eschetho and Lilislive, with the pertinents which are from
the east of Richeldoun, to be held in feu by the service of one knight
as freely as any of the King's barons, de Riddale's neighbours, hold
their lands, and if the King or his heirs cannot warrant the grantee in
the possession of these lands, others of the same value shall be given
to him.
p. 179. Walter de Riddale belonged to the family of de Rydale, in
Yorkshire ; he was not related to his contemporary, Gervase Ridal,
the ancestor of the Riddells of Cranston (Bain, 6 Geneal., p. i).
The Riddells of Cranston never prefixed * de ' to the name ; the de
Riddales of Riddell almost always did so. Walter de Riddale
witnessed many charters in the reign of King David (ante, pp. 123,
140, 141, 150, 159, 171, 182, 195, 197, 200, 201). He died without
issue, and left his property to his brother Ansketin by a will, which
was confirmed by Pope Adrian IV. (Dalrymple, Coll., 348, etc.).
p. 180. It is not certain whether G. Ridell, Sheriff of Roxburgh, was
Gualterus or Gervasius — probably the latter.
Whitimes is probably a mistake of the transcriber for Whittune.
Eschetho was afterwards called Riddell.
Lillisleaf. The estate of Riddell lies in the parish of Lillisleaf.
Richeldoun. I do not find this on the map, nor in the Retours.
Per servitium unius militis. Compare the St. Martin charter, * per
servitium dimidii militis' (p. 150).
Testibus. Alexander Seton. This is the earliest mention of a
Seton in Scottish record. He does not appear in any other of King
David's charters. Chalmer's assertion (i Caled., 517) that Seiher de
Say got land in East Lothian from David I. and called it Sayton, and
that his son, Alexander, took the name of de Seton, is unsupported by
any evidence. The other witnesses have been already noticed.
CCXXIII.
On the 40 fol. of the Book of Deer, Spalding Club edition, p. 95,
plate xiv.; National MSS. of Scotland, No. xvm.
NOTES CCXXII.-CCXXIII. 425
Dr. Stuart, in the Preface, p. lix, said : " The last document en-
grossed in the book is in a different hand from that used in the Celtic
grants, while it yet partakes to a considerable extent of the same
character." It is a charter in Latin which purports to have been
granted by King David, declaring that the clerics of Deer are free
from services due by laymen, and from exactions which they do not
owe, as is written in their book. They pleaded at Banff, and swore at
Aberdeen. Wherefore the King emphatically orders that no one dare
to injure them or their goods.
This seems to me to be, at best, an unskilful abbreviation of a
longer document, but I suspect that it is a fabrication, though I cannot
suggest when or why it was fabricated.
p. 180. Clerici de Der. Here only is a grant made to ' Deer.' 'Clerici'
is used in a charter of Alexander II. as applicable to the Keledei of
Brechin (Reg. Brech., p. 4).
Quieti et immunes. Dr. Stuart translated that 'free from all lay
interference,' and Haddan and Stubbs (2 Concil., p. 216) render it
' secure from lay exactions,' but the words mean ' free from all duties
or services due by laymen'; in the National MSS. translated 'free
from all duty of laics.' 'Servitium' was the word in ordinary use,
' officium ' is unusual.
Sicut in libro eorum scriptum est. This seems to me to be an
attempt to give authority to the preceding Irish writings. It is
unlikely that the gospel book with its marginal writings had been
seen by the King and his Chancellor, and very unlikely that they
would confirm informal writings, mainly the tradition of the church.
Dirationaverunt. Something has been omitted. Does the writer
refer to a particular litigation in which the rights of the clerics had
been in question, and in which they had succeeded after pleading and
making oath ? Dirationare occurs in an early charter by Alexander I.
regarding Swinton : it means to litigate, to support a cause by
argument. The editor of the National MSS. translates it 'as they
made good by proof at Banf.'
Juraverunt may mean the oath of compurgators or of witnesses
taken on the gospels in the church, and before the Bishop of
Aberdeen.
Teste. Gregory was Bishop of Dunkeld from about 1135 till 1169.
Andrew was Bishop of Caithness from about 1 1 50, Samson, Bishop of
Brechin ; until the Book of Deer was discovered, antiquarians had
been of opinion that the bishopric of Brechin was not founded before
1150, and that the first bishop, circa 1155-1156, was T. (known
only by his initial). Bishop Samson was bishop in the reign of
Malcolm IV.
p. 1 8 1. Donchadus comes de Fib. Duncan was Earl in David I.'s
reign. In no other charter is he styled 'of Fife,' only 'Duncanus Comes.'
Malmori d'Athotla. This seems to me a forged name ; imaginative
Peerage writers say that Malcolm, Earl of Athole, in the twelfth
century was a son of Madach Comes and a descendant of Mel-
426 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
mare, brother of Malcolm III. Ggillebrite comes d'Engus. Mr.
Skene (Celt. Scot. 3, p. 290) thought that Dufagan was Earl of Angus
in the reign of Alexander I., and that this Gilbert must be his son!
Gilbert, Earl of Angus, is said by G. E. C. to have been at the Battle
of the Standard ; but I know no authority for that. It is certain that
Gilbert was Earl of Angus towards the end of the twelfth century ; he
was a hostage for William the Lion in 1174. G. E. C. says that he
died before 1198. If the witness here be the same earl, he held the
earldom for nearly fifty years. Brocin and Cormac de Turbrud are
witnesses to the grant by Colbain, Mormaer of Buchan, and Eva, his
wife (ante, evil., p. 84). Gillendrias Mac Matni is doubtless one of
the sons of Matni in that grant.
CCXXIV.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 6 a ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 8,
No. 3.
King David, addressing the bishops, abbots, earls, sheriff and
barons, etc., of his whole land, French, English and Scots, informs
them that he and Henry the Earl, his son, for the salvation of their
souls and for the weal of their ancestors, had given in perpetual alms
to the church of the Holy Trinity at Dunfermline and to the abbot and
brethren serving God there, the vill of Nithbren and Ballecristin
(reserving the rights of the Keledei). These lands were given on the
day on which the church of Dunfermline was dedicated, as free and
quit of all custom and service as the lands of any religious house in
Scotland.
The church built at Dunfermline by Queen Margaret was probably
small and unfitted for the use of the monastery. Since 1128 the
monks had been busy building, and there is more than one order by
the King to assist them and to give them the wood and material
they required. In 1150 the church was completed and dedicated, in
presence, we may believe, of those who are witnesses to this charter —
six Bishops, three Abbots, three Earls, Leod, Abbot of Brechin, Walter
the son of Alan, the Chancellor, the Chamberlain, de Lindsay, Avenel?
the Marshal, and Gilcolm mac chimbethin.
p. 181. Testibus. Most of them have been already noticed. Edward,
Bishop of Aberdeen, was Bishop of that see from about 1 1 50. He
witnessed charters of King David to St. Andrews (ante, pp. 182, 183).
In 1157 Pope Adrian IV. confirmed to him the lands which had
formerly belonged to the church of Morthlach. In the year 1160
or 1161 he attended King Malcolm's court at Perth (Reg. Dunferm.,
41) ; he died in 1171 (Chron. Mail.). Symon, Bishop of Ross. Keith
and Sir Archibald Dunbar are of opinion that he succeeded Bishop
Macbeth (Dalrymple, Coll., p. 247). Symon was Bishop until 1160
or 1161. This is the only charter which he witnessed in the reign of
NOTES CCXXIII.-CCXXVI. 427
David I . Rosemarkie is near Fortrose in Rosshire. Garuad Comes.
He cannot be the same as Gartnach or Gartnait whose daughter Eva
married Colban, for that Gartnait died long before 1150. Morgrund
Comes. Morgrund was Earl of Mar. Whether he was the son of
Rpthri who is said to have been Earl of Mar in the earlier part of
King David's reign or whether he was the son of Gillocher is not
known. He was a witness to a charter by King Malcolm in 1154 to
Dunfermline. Selden, in "Titles of Honor," printed a charter by
William the Lion, A.D. 1171, granting the Earldom of Mar to Mor-
grund son of Gillocherus, formerly Earl of Mar; but Dr. Joseph
Robertson says it is impossible to accept it as authentic. Between A.D.
1 1 53- 1 178 Earl Morgrund of Mar confirmed the gift of Countess Agnes,
his wife, to the church of Migvie in Cromar to the Priory of St.
Andrews, and between 1165 and 1171 he gave the church of St.
M'huluoch of Tarland in Cromar to St. Andrews and also the vill
of Inverinch (Reg. Prior. S. And., pp. 248, 249). It is said by G. E. C.
that his legitimacy was challenged by Alan, son and heir of Thomas
Durward. He died (probably) before 1178.
p. 182. Ewaein Marescall. He is a witness to the doubtful Founda-
tion Charter of Dryburgh, No. CCXLH., pp. 193-195.
ccxxv.
Registrum Prioratus S. Andreae, fol. 90 a ; Bannatyne Club edition,
p. 187.
King David, addressing Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, and all the
bishops, abbots, earls, barons, sheriffs, officers, and all the liegemen of
his kingdom, informs them that he had granted to God and to the
church of St. Andrew the Apostle and the canons serving God there,
in perpetual alms, the church of Foregrund, with the tithes and
customs of the church from the whole of his lordship and his men of
Foregrund and Foregrundshire and a full toft as a house for the priest
of that church.
p. 182. Foregrund et Foregrunde seihire. The priory of St. Andrews
had two churches called Forgrund, one in the Deanery of Fife which
was afterwards called Forgan, the other in Gowry. It was the former
which was granted by King David to the Priory of St. Andrews.
King Malcolm IV. added half a ploughgate of land called Chm-
goth (Reg. S. And., p. 205). Towards the end of King William
the Lion's reign, his brother, Earl David, had a controversy regard-
ing Forgrund with the canons of St. Andrews (Reg. St. And., p.
237). Part of Forgrund in Fife belonged to Alan de Lasceles and
his descendants.
Gr. episcopo de Dunech., i.e. of Dunkeld.
CCXXVI.
Registrum Prioratus S. Andreae, fol. 79 a J Bannatyne Club edition,
p. 184.
428 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
King David, addressing all his lieges, announces that he has granted
to God, and to St. Andrew, and to the prior and convent of St.
Andrews, in perpetual alms, a full toft in Berwick. They shall hold
it as freely quit of all service and custom as any 'elemosina' in
his kingdom is held, and the men dwelling in that toft shall be as
exempt from exaction and custom and toll as other burgesses of the
King's grants in alms.
What strikes me in this and similar grants is their vagueness ; no
particular toft is named, it is hard to say that anything was conveyed ;
perhaps they meant that if the Priory already held, or should after-
wards acquire, a house in Berwick, it should be held as free of service
as the tofts of any burgesses who held of the King.
p. 183. Berwick. Many houses in Berwick were granted in King
David's reign. When Earl he gave a ' mansura ' to the Abbey of
Selkirk. He granted to the monks of May a 'plenaria tofta.'
Earl Henry granted to Kelso the toft which had belonged to
Dodyn. King David gave to Kelso a 'maisura' there and a toft
near the church of St. James ; to Dunfermline he granted a
* mansura,5 to Holy rood a toft, to Jedburgh a * mansura.'
William, Abbot of Holyrood. He succeeded as abbot in 1152. He
witnessed many charters in the reigns of King Malcolm and King
William. He was abbot for 18 years: "Is cum prppter corporis
infirmitatem ad onus non sufficeret, vovit Deo ut singulis diebus
psalterium ex integro legeret. Monasterium muro firmo atque stabili
etiam adversus impetus hostiles quadrato nempe lapide cinxit " (Hay's
Dipl., 281, 290 ; Preface to the Charters of Holyrood, p. xx).
CCXXVII.
Registrum Prioratus Sancti Andreae, fol. 79 a, b ; Bannatyne Club
edition, p. 185.
The King, addressing the Bishop of St. Andrews, and the sheriff
and all the barons and liegemen of Lothian, states that he has granted
in perpetual alms to God, and to the church of St. Andrew, and to the
canons serving God there, a full toft in the burgh of Haddington, and
he wills that they hold it as peacefully, quietly, and honourably as any
toft is held in alms in the King's burghs. We have seen the close
connection between Dunfermline and Haddington. Here another
religious house gets a toft in that burgh.
p. 184. Waltero : the scribe has omitted * cancellario.'
Lyed abbate : Led of charter ccxxv.
CCXXVIII.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 22 b ; Bannatyne Club edition,
p. 55, No. 91.
NOTES CCXXVI.-CCXXX. 429
Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, confirms the right of the church of
the Holy Trinity of Dunfermline (i) to the church of Kaledure
Comitis, which Earl Duncan had given in alms ; (2) to the church of
Neutun, which Elwyn Renner and his wife Ede had given in alms.
They were to hold these churches free from all exaction " salvo jure
episcopal!."
It is not certain that this charter was granted in the reign of David
I. It may have been as late as 1159, when Bishop Robert died. It
was confirmed by King Malcolm IV. (Reg. Dunf., p. 25).
p. 184. Ecclesia de Kaledure Comitis is now called West Calder ; it
lies to the west of the River Calder, which divides it from East Calder.
It derived its name from the Earl of Fife, while East Calder was called
Calder Clere, from Radulf Clere. Calder Comitis remained the pro-
perty of the Earls of Fife until the fourteenth century.
Ecclesia de Neutun is now called Kirknewton, a parish in the shire
of Edinburgh.
Elwynus Renner and Ede his wife. He was a witness to ccxxx.,
ante, p. 185. Gillexo Rennerius is a witness to a charter by King
William (Reg. Dunf., p. 36).
Testibus. These are ecclesiastics, most of whom have been already
noticed.
CCXXIX.
Liber de Calchou, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 297, No. 373.
King David, addressing his bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justices,
sheriffs, servants, and all his liegemen, French, English, and Scottish,
informs them that he has granted to Ernald, Abbot of Kelso, and his
successors, in perpetual alms, the church of Selkirk, in order that the
abbots may in that church be the chaplains of the King and his son.
This was granted between 1147, when Ernald became abbot, and
1153, when King David died. This was the original grant of which
the compiler of the chartulary inserted the following abstract at the
end of the general confirmation to the Abbey of Kelso : " Et prae-
terea ecclesiam de Selkirk liberam et quietam sicut elemosina debit
dare et concedi ita scilicet quod praedicti abbates sint capellani
mei et filii mei et successorum meorum de praedicta ecclesia."
p. 185. Testibus. These have been already noticed. The name of
Walter the Chancellor ' de Bidun ' is given.
CCXXX.
Registrum Epis. Glasguensis, Maitland Club edition, p. 13, No. u.
Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, states that he has granted " et per
libram saisisse" the church of Lohworuora to Herbert, Bishop of
Glasgow, " sicut de possessione Glasguensis ecclesiae." The King and
430 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
his son Henry were present and assented to the grant. The Bishop
reserved to the church of St. Andrews all episcopal rights in the
church of Lohworuora as in other churches in Lothian.
It is not easy to understand this, because the church of Locherwort
belonged to the monastery of Scone and continued to belong to it long
after the reign of David I. King Malcolm confirmed the right of
the Priory of Scon to the church of Louchforuer as having been
granted to Scon by King David (Lib. de Scon, p. 6), Pope
Alexander (p. 14), King William (pp. 19, 28, 29), Bishop Richard of
St. Andrews (p. 31), Bishop Hugh (p. 32), Bishop William (p. 35), Pope
Honorius III (p. 67), and Bishop William (p. 81).
p. 185. Lohworuora is called Lothwerverd in a Life of St. Kentigern,
Forbes, p. 234 ; Lochoruer in the Bull of Pope Alexander III. in 1174 ;
Loheworuerd, Bull of Pope Alexander in 1178; Lohewhouerd,
Bull of Pope Lucius in 1181. Lohworuora was Borthwick in the
shire of Edinburgh. The church was dedicated to St. Kentigern
and the tradition was, that he lived there for some years and erected
a cross. The jurors in the Inquisitio did not include Lohworuora
among the lands and churches of the see of Glasgow. It does not
appear in the Register of the Church of Glasgow after 1181. In the
fifteenth century the land belonged to the Hays and under the name of
Lochwarret or Locherwart it was sold to the first Lord Borthwick,
who built a castle there and called it and the barony by his own name
Borthwick, by which it is now known.
p. 1 86. Testibus. I am not able to suggest a reason for the long
array of witnesses. On what occasion can the King and his son have
met four bishops (including the granter and grantee), four abbots,
three priors, two archdeacons, a dean, the chancellor of the King and
the chancellor of the Earl, five clerics, an earl, and twenty barons ? If
the list be genuine, the date is between 1147, when Ernald became
Abbot of Kelso, and 1150, when Abbot Alwyn resigned ; but I am
inclined to the opinion that the compiler wrote names just as they
happened to strike him. I am puzzled to find Edward the Constable
as a contemporary of Walter the Chancellor ; Hugo de Moreville had
succeeded Edward as Constable before Lohworuora was granted to
Herbert, Bishop of Glasgow. I am still more puzzled to find Hugo
de Fresechin, who flourished in the end of the reign of King
William the Lion and died in 1214. The more the list is
examined the more doubtful it appears. Most of the wit-
nesses have been already noticed. Bernard de Boilond may be
intended for Bernard de Baliol ; but there was a place and family
called Boilond. Jordan Heyrun may be one of the Northumberland
Herons. William de Vesci appears in charters towards the end of
King David's reign. Arthur Finboga does not occur elsewhere ;
a Gilbert Fimboga was a witness (ante, p. 86). Walter the
Chaplain of Lilliesleaf. Lilliesleaf was a church of the Bishopric
of Glasgow served by a vicar ; the vicar may have been the Bishop's
chaplain. Thomas de Linnithuc may be a bad spelling for Linlithgow,
and he may have been a churchman ; in my opinion the list is a
fabrication.
NOTES CCXXX.-CCXXXIII. 431
CCXXXI.
In the Chartulary of Reading in the possession of the Earl of
Fingall.
King David, addressing provosts and officers and all the liegemen
of his land, informs them that he has granted to the brethren of May
a full toft in his burgh of Haddington, free from all custom and service.
CCXXXII.
This was first printed in Smith's Bede, p. 762 (A.D. 1722); he stated,
" Hac carta quae in Archivis Dunelmensibus usque hodie conser-
vatur."
It was printed in Crawford's Officers of State, p. 6 (A.D. 1726),
and in Anderson's Diplomata, with a facsimile, No. XII., and he
stated on p. viii that he got the original "ex chartophylacio
Academiae S. Andreae " ; in Keith's Bishops, p. 7 ; Reeves' Culdees,
p. 131. The charter is recorded in the Registrum Prioratus S. And.,
p. 1 88, with a facsimile of the original and of the transcript in the
Register, Preface, pp. xvi, xvii.
Dr. Raine, N. Durham, App., p. 6, No. xxvi., printed it from
Anderson's Diplomata, trusting to Canon Smith's note ; Dr. Raine
said the original had been at Durham in 1722, and was now unfortu-
nately lost.
I doubt whether the charter was ever in the Durham Treasury ; it
is more likely that it was preserved at St. Andrews.
King David, addressing the bishops, abbots, earls, sheriffs and all his
lieges, announces that he has granted to the canons of St. Andrews
the island of Loch Leven, in order that they may there institute
the order of canons regular, that any of the Keledei of the island
who consent to live as canons shall remain, but that any who resist
the change shall be expelled from the island.
CCXXXIII.
Registrum Prioratus S. Andreae, fol. 89 b ; Bannatyne Club edition,
p. 186 ; Reeves, Culdees, p. no.
The King states that the Prior and Canons of St. Andrews may
receive the Keledei of Kilrimont with all their possessions and rents if
they are willing to become canons ; if they are unwilling, they may
have and hold their possessions for their lives, but after the death of
each, his place shall be taken by a canon, so that in future there shall
432 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
be as many canons as there were Keledei ; all their goods and lands
and alms shall be converted to the use of the canons.
The Keledei of St. Andrews were treated with more consideration
than those of St. Serf, for if any at Loch Leven refused to become
canons, they were to be ejected from the island ; if the Keledei
of St. Andrews refused, they were to remain undisturbed till they
died. This order by King David was not obeyed. The Keledei
were too strong ; more than fifty years later, in 1199, the prior and
the canons were obliged to come to an agreement with them.
" Haec est conventio facta inter Gilbertum priorem Sancti Andreae
et conventum ejusdem loci, et inter Kelledeos de Sancto Andrea pro
lite sopienda quae inter illos erat de decimis, scilicet quod dominus
prior et canonici concesserunt Kelledeis ut habeant et teneant sine omni
calumpnia et contentione in perpetuum rectas decimas plenarias in terris
suis, scilicet Kingasc, Kinnakelle cum Petsporgin et Petkennin, Lethene
cum Kininis, Kernes cum Cambrun. Ceteris in manu canonicorum
retentis scilicet sponsaliis, purificationibus, oblationibus, baptismo,
corporibus defunctorum exceptis corporibus Kelledeorum qui ubi
voluerint, sepelientur. Praeterea Kelledei habeant omnes decimas et
omnes obventiones de Kinglassin excepto baptismo et corporibus
defunctorum, Kelledei siquidem dederunt praefatis canonicis, Tresti-
rum per rectas divisas suas in perpetuum, libere et quiete ab omnibus
prout ipsi Kelledei liberius et quiecius villam illam habuerunt, et ad
hoc confirmandum confirmationem Domini Regis Willelmi et confirma-
tionem Domini Rogeri episcopi eos habere facient. . . . Testibus,
etc." (Reg. Prior. S. And., p. 318).
In 1309 Thomas Randolph the Guardian decided a controversy
between the Keledei and the Bishop : " Et inventum est et solempniter
in communi publicatum quod infra Cursum Apri non sunt nisi tres
baroniae, videlicet baronia Domini Episcopi S. Andreae, baronia
Domini Prioris S. Andreae et baronia Kalediorum quaequidem
baroniae cum inhabitantibus immediate sunt subjectae Episcopo S.
Andreae et ecclesiae et nulli alio. Unde ratione dictae subjectionis
praedictae baroniae tarn de jure quam de consuetudine approbata
tenentur facere seCtam curiae died Domini Episcopi et ibidem tam de
visnetis et dictamentis interesse quam ad alia judicia de condemp-
natis facienda."
" Item inventum est quod si aliquod judicium infra curiam Domini
praepositi Kalediorum seu alicujus baroniae infra Cursum Apri sit per
aliquem falsatum, ad curiam Domini Episcopi est appellandum et ibi
dictum judicium est determinandum et declarandum, etc." (From the
Black Book of St. Andrews, printed in the Bannatyne Club edition of
the Reg. Prior. S. And., Preface, xxxi).
NOTES CCXXXIII.-CCXXXVI.
433
CCXXXIV.
From the Liber de Calchou, Bannatyne Club edition, pp. 298 and
374-
King David states that he had granted to the church of St. Mary
and St. John of Kelso, and to the abbots and monks serving God there,
the vill called Vithmer free from all secular service or custom in
perpetual alms, as freely as any abbey in the kingdom holds its alms.
It is in the parish of Selkirk. Morton, p. 124, says: "The grange of
Whitmer consisted of two ploughgates . . . the vill . . . contained 10
husband lands . . . with bond services . . . and 8 cottages."
CCXXXV.
Chartulary of Cambuskenneth, Grampian Club edition, p. 77,
No. 57. .
The King states that he has granted to the Abbot of Stirling and
the canons serving God there, the church of Clackmannan, with forty
acres of land and the toft of the priest and easements in wood and
plain and the tithe of all the King's pleas and profits of Stirling and
Stirlingshire and Callander and a toft in Stirling and another in
Linlithgow.
This was granted after the confirmation of the original endowments
of the abbey by Pope Eugenius in 1147, for these gifts are not therein
mentioned. The church and church land of Clackmannan continued
the property of the abbey until the Reformation ; there are several
charters and Bulls regarding it in the chartulary. As late as 1505
there was a ' Perambulatio ' of the forty acres belonging to the church,
the boundaries of which were then ascertained (Chart. Cambusk.,
p. 85, No. 64).
CCXXXVI.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham ; a seal attached.
Printed by Dr. Raine, N. Durham, App., p. 24, No. cvi.
Earl Henry states that, in his presence at Berwick, Swain the priest
quitclaimed and restored to the monks of Coldingham, Fishwick with
its appurtenants and the half of Prenderghest and the land which
Swain had in Coldingham and Lummesdene. The Earl's pleasure is
that the monks may hold and possess these lands in peace, un-
disturbed by Swain.
2E
434 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CCXXXVII.
Registrum de Dry burgh, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 78, No. 109.
King David states that he has granted Caddysleya in perpetual alms
to the church of St. Mary of Dryburgh, with pasturage within his
forest.
A confirmation by King Malcolm (Reg. Dryb., p. 179) implies that
this was given after Earl Henry's death : " Quam avus meus eis pro
anima patris mei dedit et concessit."
Afterwards King William added another bit of land next Caddys-
leya. The boundary between the lands of the Abbey of Dryburgh
and those of the Abbey of Melrose and of Earlstoun was carefully
settled (Reg. Dryb., pp. 80, 81, 82, 172). Caddysleya lay close to, if
not within, the lordship of Lauderdale, which belonged to de More-
ville. The King had a forest adjoining. The words in the Register
of Dryburgh are " cum pasonis infra forestam meam " ; the editor
suggested and inserted * pasnagiis,' but it is clear from the charters
of confirmation by King Malcolm and King William that the word
should be ' pascuis.'
p. 190. Landa meant an uncultivated land.
Caddysleya became a grange and home farm of the abbey and one
of its most fertile and valuable possessions ; it is now called Kedslie.
CCXXXVIII.
Registrum de Dryburgh, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 102, No. 143.
Beatrix de Bello Campo, addressing King David and Richard
de Moreville, her son, states that she has granted to the canons of
Dryburgh that land in Roxburgh which she had bought from Roger
the gatekeeper (janitor) and also the tithe of the mill of Nenthorn
in alms for ever.
This was, I think, granted after Hugo de Moreville became a monk,
otherwise his wife would have addressed him and not her son, or
would have signified his assent.
p. 191. Naythinthern is Nenthorn, a parish in Berwickshire which
belonged to Hugo de Moreville.
CCXXXIX.
Registrum de Dryburgh, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 178, No. 239.
King David, addressing the bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justiciars,
sheriffs, ' praepositi,' officers, and all the liegemen of his land, laymen
NOTES CCXXXVII.-CCXLI. 435
and clerics, French and English, present and future, announces that he
confirms to the church of St. Mary of Dryburgh, and to the canons
there serving God, Dryburgh and all the gifts of which Hugo de
de Moreville and Beatrix de Bello Campo his wife had granted to
them in alms for their support.
CCXL.
Registrum de Dryburgh, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 68, No. 92.
Charter by Richard de Moreville, confirming to the canons of
Dryburgh, his mother's gift of the church of Bosyete and the mill of
Nenthorn, and her land in Roxburgh, which she bought from Roger
the janitor, and also the gift of his sister Ada of a tithe of the mill of
Newton.
p. 192. Bosyete. Whalley (Northamptonshire, 2, p. 158) describes
" Bosiate " as in the Hundred of Higham, in Northampton, bounded on
the east by Bedfordshire, and on the south by Warrington and Olney
in Bucks. Part of the manor belonged to William Peverel, and part
to the Countess Judith, from whom it passed to Matilda, wife of
David I. Whalley does not show how the patronage of the church
belonged to Beatrix de Bello Campo. He said (2, p. 160) : "The
church of Bosegayte is said to have been given by Walter de Isel to
St. James' convent, near Northampton. Previous to this benefaction,
the right of patronage appears to have been in the abbot and convent of
Dryburgh, founded by King David of Scots, in Scotland ; they after-
wards gave up their pretensions, and the abbot of St. James obtained
the patronage on paying the said convent of Dryburgh two marks and
a half yearly, which pension the convent assigned to St. Andrews in
Northampton. This agreement between the two monasteries was
confirmed by Richard de Moreville, constable to the King of
Scotland."
Newton, now Newton-Don, in the parish of Nenthorn, Berwickshire.
CCXLI.
Registrum de Dryburgh, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 104, No. 146.
Earl Henry, addressing the bishops, justiciars, and all his liege-
men, announces that he has granted to the canons of Dryburgh that
toft in Roxburgh outside the wall which was held in burgage by John
the Chaplain.
p. 193. in burgagio : meaning that the toft, though outside the wall,
was held by the same tenure as a * burgagium ; within the burgh.
436 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CCXLII.
This is not in the Registrum de Dryburgh. A copy is in the MSS.
of Sir James Balfour, in the Advocates' Library, F. 33, 2. 5, W. 2, 29.
It is probably spurious, a composition of an age later than that
of King David I., by whom it purports to have been granted. It
represents King David as claiming to be the founder of the Abbey of
Dryburgh, 'quam fundavi,' but it is certain that the abbey was
founded by Hugo de Moreville on his own land in his lordship of
Lauderdale. The writer makes some mistakes. The King is said to
have granted the church of Dryburgh with its chapels, but there was
no church at Dryburgh before the abbey church was built, and no grant
by the King of a church there has been preserved.
The King granted the churches of Lanark and Pettinain and the
ploughgate of land which Nicolas held, No. ccxvin., ante, p. 177-
Caddesleya he granted by charter CCXXXVIL, ante, p. 190. There is
no grant by David I. of a 'manerium' in Craill. The toft in Craill
was granted by Countess Ada, the mother of the King of Scotland
(Reg. Dryb., pp. 10, n). This 'foundation' charter was written after
King David's death.
The grant by Beatrix de Bello Campo (charter ccxxxvui., p. 191)
of the toft in Roxburgh which belonged to John the Chaplain ;
the grant by Adam, the King's Chaplain, are referred to and con-
firmed by King David (charter CCXLIIL, ante, p. 195) ; the charter
by Adam has not been preserved. The witnesses have all, I think
been noticed, except Meuin son of Colban.
CCXLIIL
Registrum de Dryburgh, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 104, No. 147.
King David confirms to the Abbey of Dryburgh the grants by
Beatrix de Bello Campo, by Earl Henry, and by Adam the Chaplain.
He grants to the monks permission to take from his woods all that
they need, and the privilege of freedom from toll and from all secular
exactions and customs as fully as any ' religiosi ' are exempt through-
out the kingdom.
CCXLIV.
The original has not been preserved. This is taken from Dugdale's
Monast., v., p. 594 ; Prescott's Wetheral, p. 421. There are several
registers of the Abbey of Holmcultram : British Museum, Harleian
NOTES CCXLII.-CCXLIV.
437
MS., 3891, 3911, and a modern transcript, No. 1881 ; Library Corp.
Christ. Coll. Camb., MS. cxi., 121.
Earl Henry founded an abbey for Cistercians at Holmcultram, in
Cumberland, A.D. 1150. He endowed it with two-thirds of the manor ;
the other third he had already given to Alan son of Waldef as a
chase for hunting. That third, Alan soon afterwards gave to the
abbey. After the cession of Cumberland by Malcolm IV., King
Henry II. took Holmcultram Abbey under his protection and con-
firmed its endowments. In Dugdale there are printed above eighty
charters to the abbey, of which a Bull by Pope Clement III. in 1190
is one of the most important. It is said that the abbey was pillaged
by the army of Alexander II. of Scotland in 1216, and again in 1322
by King Robert the Bruce. The clear income of the abbey at the
Reformation was ^428.
Hugo de Moreville gave to Holmcultram the church of Burg, of
which he was the patron. This is not the Hugo de Moreville who was
King David's friend. The relationship between the Scottish and
the Cumberland de Morevilles has not been exactly ascertained.
Hugo de Moreville of Burgh had a daughter Johanna, who married
Richard de Gernun, and who confirmed her father's grant to Holm-
cultram. Among other donors of land to Holmcultram was Gospatric
I son of Orm, his sons, Thomas and Alan, and his grandson, Patrick,
| and his great-grandson, Gilbert, and great-great-grandson, Gilbert
de Culvennan. Another donor was Alicia de Romelie, the daughter
William "nepos regis."
p. 197. Alan was the son of Waldef who was the brother of Dolfin and
Gospatric. Waldef obtained from William Meschin, Lord of Cope-
|land, the whole land 'inter Cocar and Derwent,3 and the vills,
Brigham, Eglysfeld, Dene Bramthwait, Gisothon, the two Cliftons and
Stainburn. Alan, his son, was a great lord in Cumberland ; his
only son, Waldef, predeceased him, and Alan is said to have been
succeeded by his nephew, William Fitz Duncan, but that is
doubtful. William Fitz Duncan was a cousin, not a nephew, of
I Alan. His mother is said to have been a sister of Waldef, Alan's
ither. Alan had sisters to whom he gave land. William Fitz
>uncan acquired large estates in Cumberland with his wife.
Rabi. At the Reformation the abbey had Rayby Grange of the
mnual value of £4 193.
Anthetillus son of Udard. Prescott reads * Aschetillus.' Richard
of Anketillus, in the reign of King Richard I., resigned to Holm-
iltram the land below Kirkebride.
materiem : Prescott reads ' materiam.'
Fo resta de Engleswoda was a large forest in Cumberland which is
lentioned in the Bull of Clement III. King John granted a charter
de Hermitoria S. Hildae in Foresta de Engleswoda.'
438 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CCXLV.
From the Holmcultram Register printed in Dugdale, Monast., Vol.
V., p. 594.
This is a confirmation by King David of the preceding charter
by his son, Earl Henry. It was probably granted at Carlisle, where
David died in 1153. The witnesses are the Bishop, and Walter,
the Prior of Carlisle.
CCXLVI.
Chartulary of Brinkburn, No. CLXXIV. ; Surtees Society, Vol. 90,
p. 141 ; Dugdale's Monast., VI., p. 332.
Earl Henry, son of the King of Scotland, grants to God and to the
church of St. Peter at Brinkburn and the canons serving God there,
one of his saltpans at Werke worth in perpetual alms.
p. 198. Brinkburn was an Augustinian priory founded in the
reign of Henry I. by William Bertram, on the river Cocquet in
N orthumberland.
p. 199. Salina . . . de Werkeworth. Wark worth is on the sea, at
the mouth of the Cocquet. In Dugdale the witnesses are " E. . . .
cancellario comitis, Hugone Belet et aliis."
In the chartulary of Newminster (Surtees Society, Vol. 66, p. 212)
there is another grant of a saltpan by Earl Henry.
" Henricus Comes filius regis Scotiae justiciae suae et baronibus
vicecomitibus et ministris et omnibus probis hominibus suis totius
Northumberlandiae, Francis et Anglis, salutem.
Sciatis me concessisse monachis de Novo Mon. pro salute animae
nieae et patris mei et matris meae et antecessorum et successorum
meorum salinam unam apud Werkworth propinquiorem scilicet villae
quam Comes Simon frater meus illis dedit et concessit.
Volo itaque et firmiter praecipio quod salinam illam in perpetuam
elemosinam teneant et habeant liberam et quietam ab omnibus sicut
aliqua elemosina in terra mea liberius et. quietius habetur. Testibus
J)
This Is preceded by a charter : " Notum sit tarn praesentibjus quam
futuris quod ego Simon Comes Northumbriae monachis Novi Mon.
concessi et dedi pro salute animae meae et meorum antecessorum
propinquiorem salinam de Werkword in feudo et elemosina et volo ut
teneant illam salinam bene et in pace et honorifice sicut unquam
melius earn tenui."
I do not know that there is any other record that Simon ever held
or claimed to hold the Earldom of Northumberland. Sir Robert de
Mowbray was Earl of Northumberland ; he rebelled against William
Rufus and was defeated and taken prisoner in 1095, from which
time until 1139, when Henry, son of the King of Scots, received the
earldom from King Stephen — the earldom was 'in the Crown.' If
this charter can be trusted, Simon de St. Liz sometime in the interval
NOTES CCXLV.-CCXLVIII. 439
called himself Earl, possibly he was recognised as Earl by King
Stephen, whose cause he supported. Simon de St. Liz got the earl-
dom of Northampton on his mother's death in 1130. He died in
August, 1153 (G. E. C., Complete Peerage).
CCXLVII.
Chartulary of Brinkburn, Surtees Society, Vol. 90, p. 193.
Henry, son of the King of Scotland, addressing the justiciars,
sheriffs, officers, and all the lieges of the whole of his Honor, informs
them that he has granted and confirmed in feu and alms, Brinkburn,
which William Bertram gave to the prior and brethren of the church
of St. Mary on the Isle.
p. 199. William Bertram : Baron of Mitford.
p. 200. Randulf de Merlay, son of Roger de Merley ; he founded
the Priory of Newminster.
Corbrig'. Corbridge is on the Tyne, below Hexham, in Northumber-
land.
CCXLVIII.
• From the Reg. Prior. S. And., Bannatyne Club edition, p. 187.
King David, addressing the justices, sheriffs, provosts and all the
burgesses of Perth, informs them that he has granted to Baldwin, his
servant, " huic Balduino clienti meo," the toft which he holds and has
in Perth, free of all service " excepta vigilia infra burgum et claustura
burgi. . . . Reddendo . . . i turet et ii coleres " and for that he shall
be free of every other service, and the King forbids that he be sued in
any court except before the King himself or his justice. He further
grants that when Baldwin wishes to leave the town he may sell
his house and his toft.
A similar charter ascribed to Malcolm IV. is on p. 204 of the
Register ; the only difference is that Walter the Chancellor is added
to the list of witnesses and that it was granted at Perth while this
was granted at Scone. It is difficult to say which is the original.
I think I was justified in printing this by David I. as genuine.
King Malcolm granted the following charter to (I presume) the same
Baldwin : "Malcolmus Rex Scottorum omnibus probis hominibus
totius terrae suae clericis et laicis salutem. Sciatis me concessisse
et regiae potestatis munimento confirmasse Deo et ecclesiae Sancti
Andreae de Scotia et canonicis ibidem Deo servientibus edificia Bald-
win! lorimarii de Pert cum terris in quibus ipsa consistunt optinenda
in libera elemosina, soluta et quieta ab omni servitio et redditu et
consuetudine seculari excepta vigilia burgi et claustura quantum inde
440 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
pertinet ad edificia ilia et ad terras illas. Testibus Nichola camerario,
Waltero de Lindesai, Johanne de Wallibus, Radulfo de camera. Apud
Rochesburc" (Reg. Prior. S. And., p. 204).
CCXLIX.
Registrum Prioratus S. Andreae, fol. 79 a ; Bannatyne Club edition,
p. 184.
The King has granted to the church of St. Andrews and the canons
serving God there a certain full toft in Clackmannan for the convenience
of the monastery and for the use and business of the canons, free from
all service and custom.
CCL.
Registrum Prioratus Sancti Andreae, fol. 79 b ; Bannatyne Club
edition, p. 185.
King David grants in perpetual alms to God and to the church or
St. Andrews and the canons serving there, forty shillings annually
of the can of ships of Perth for the vestments of the canons. This
was, I think, granted earlier than 1 1 50 ; if so, it is not in its proper
place.
CCLI.
Liber de Calchou, fol. 137 ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 286,
No. 358.
Galfrid de Percy grants in alms to the church of St. Mary at Kelso
a ploughgate of land in Heton, consisting of 104 acres, near the land
of the hospital of Roxburgh, free of all service ; Henry, his brother and
heir, agrees and confirms the grant.
p. 202. Galfrid de Percy, a son of the great Alan de Percy who
died circa 1132-1135.
Heton is a land near Roxburgh, on the road to Crailing. It after-
wards belonged to the Colvilles.
CCLII.
Chartulary of Whitby, No. 57, Surtees Society edition, Vol. 69,
p. 58.
Galfrid de Percy granted to God and to St. Peter and to St. Hilda
of Whitby and to the monks there serving God a ploughgate of land
in Oxnam for the weal of the soul of King David, who gave that land
to de Percy, and for the weal of the souls of Earl Henry and of his
NOTES CCXLVIII.-CCLIV. 441
sons and daughters, and also for the weal of the souls of the father and
mother and brothers and relations of the granter.
p. 203. St. Hylda of Wyteby. The church and monastery of Whitby
on the coast of Yorkshire were founded by William de Percy in the
reign of the Conqueror. William de Percy was succeeded by Alan de
Percy, whose sons, Alan and Galfrid, acquired land in the south of
Scotland and gave part of it to Whitby.
Oxanaham. Oxnam is a border parish in Roxburghshire, on the
Cheviot hills. Galfrid de Percy is said to have granted the church of
Oxnam to the Abbey of Jedburgh.
Testibus : Gaufrido clerico fratre meo : in another charter he is
called Gosfridus.
CCLIII.
From the Chartulary of Whitby, No. 59, Surtees Soc., Vol. 69, p. 59.
Grant by Alan de Percy to the church of St. Peter and St. Hilda, at
Whitby, of two ploughgates of land, one in Oxnam and the other in
Heton, for the weal of the souls of King David and of Earl Henry,
and of the donor's father, Alan de Percy.
This ploughgate in Oxnam is in addition to the one granted by
Galfrid (ante, No. CCLll). Galfrid and Alan had each a ploughgate
in Oxnam, and each a ploughgate in Heton. Galfrid gave his Heton
ploughgate to Kelso Abbey, and his Oxnam ploughgate to Whitby
Abbey, while Alan gave both his ploughgates to Whitby. There is a
duplicate, No. 59, of the Whitby Chartulary, witnessed by William,
Walter, and Gaufrid de Percy, the donor's brothers and others. Alan
was a son of the great Alan de Percy. It is not clear whether he was
legitimate. "Alan magni Alani films nothus" was present at the
battle of the Standard. The legitimate son was called Alan le
Meschin. This grant by Alan de Percy was confirmed by his brothers
Henry and Galfrid (Whitby Charters, LX. and LXL), by David I. (CCLIV.,
ante, p. 204), by King Malcolm, by Philip de Coleville, and by Thomas
de Coleville.
CCLIV.
Chartulary of Whitby, No. 62, Surtees Soc., Vol. 69, p. 61.
King David, addressing the bishops, abbots, earls, etc., of his land,
announces that he has confirmed to the monks of Whitby the gift in
alms which Alan de Percy and Galfrid his brother made to the church
of St. Hilda, viz., a ploughgate of land in Hetun, and another plough-
gate in Oxnam, to be held of the King in perpetual alms free of any
secular service or exaction.
442 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
I doubt whether this be a correct copy of King David's charter.
The two Percies had given to Whitby two ploughgates in Oxnam, and
this mentions one only. The abbot of Holyrood is here called Abbot
de Castello Puellarum. William became Abbot of Holyrood in 1152 ;
King David died in 1153 at Carlisle.
CCLV.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 8 a ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 17,
No. 33 ; and Registrum Epis. Morav., Bannatyne Club edition, p. 329,
No. 254.
The King, addressing the bishops, abbots, barons, justiciars,
sheriffs, and all the men of all his land, French, English, and Scots,
states that he, for the extension of the house of God, and for the pro-
pagation of holy religion, had granted to God and to the church of
the Holy Trinity of Urchard, and to the prior and brethren serving
there, Urchard and Finfans and Fochoper, and common pasturage for
beasts, and a fishing in the Spey, and twenty shillings from the rent
of the burgh of Elgin, and in Fochoper the right of fishing which be-
longs to the thain, and a tithe of the can of Ergaithel and of Moray,
and the whole of the profits of the same Ergaithel. The King confirms
to Urchard the donations by the Abbey of Dunfermline, of Pethenach
juxta Eren, of the sheilings of Fathenechten, and of all the rights which
the monks of Dunfermline were wont to have in Moray, fully and
freely, and exempt from all exactions, on the condition that on the
death of the ' persona ' (the head of the House of Urchard) the assent
of the Abbey of Dunfermline and of the King should be obtained to
the election of a successor, and that if no fit person be found in
Urchard, one should be accepted from Dunfermline.
p. 204. Urchard : the Church and priory of Urquhart have been
noticed in the note to charter ex. Urquhart is a parish in Elginshire,
five miles N.E. of Elgin.
p. 205. Finfans is a farm in Urquhart parish.
Fochoper, now called Fochabers, a small town in Bellie parish, in
the shire of Elgin.
Can of Ergaithel of Muref. In the second great charter to the
Abbey of Dunfermline, King David granted the half of his tithe of
Ergaithel and of Kentir "eo scilicet anno qu ego ipse inde recepero can."
This is the only mention of a grant of the tithe of the can of Moray.
Pethenach juxta Eren. Eren was the old name for Auldearn, near
Nairn ; probably this was a farm in Auldearn parish.
Scalingas de Fathenechten. Scalingae were sheils, or sheilings,
huts erected each summer for the use of those who tended the cattle
sent to graze on the hills. Fathenechten may be the same as
Pethenach.
NOTES CCLIV.-CCLVIII.
443
CCLVI.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 22 b ; Bannatyne Club edition, p. 55,
No. 92.
The Bishop of St. Andrews confirms the right of the Abbey of
Dunfermline to the churches (i) of Perth, (2) of Stirling, with the
schools, (3) of Nithbren, (4) Kinglassin, (5) Kirkcaldy, (6) the chapel
of Inverkeithing, (7) church of Inveresk, (8) chapel of Cousland, (9) to
the tithes of Keeth, (10) to the church of Wymet, (n) to that of
Hailes. I am not sure that this was granted before 1153; it may
have been granted between 1153 and 1159.
CCLVII.
The original is in the Treasury at Durham ; a seal attached.
Printed in Raine, N. Durham, App. 24, No. cvm.
Earl Henry, addressing Gilbert de Unfranville, his constable, and
his barons and liegemen, announces that the lands of the monks of
Durham are under his protection.
p. 207. Richard, Prior of Hexham. He was a canon of the Augus-
tinian Priory of Hexham, in Northumberland, and became prior in
1141. He wrote a history of the Church of Hexham, and " De gestis
regis Stephani et de bello Standardi."
Apud Jeddewrd : Jedburgh.
CCLVIII.
Liber de Calchou, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 43, No. 52.
Bernard de Balliol, addressing all the sons of Holy Church,
announces that he has gifted to God and to the Abbey of Kelso, a
fishing in the Tweed which appertains to Wudehorn, to be fished
with nets without hindrance, with the assent of David, King of
the Scots, and of Malcolm and William, his grandsons ; witnessed
by Wydo the granter's son, and Bernard and others. Bernard
de Baliol (the son of Guy de Baliol, who received many lands
in Northumberland and Durham from the Conqueror) was a great
baron in the north of England. He built Barnard Castle.
p. 207. Wudehorn. A charter by Richard, Bishop of Durham
(Liber de Calchou, No. 54, p. 44), describes a land as lying in the
territory of Tweedmouth, next to the fishings of Wudehorn and Blake-
wel, in the river Tweed, and in a charter by Hugo de Baliol (*&
No. 53, p. 43), the fishing is called Wudhornestell.
444 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
CCLIX.
Liber de Calchou, Bannatyne Club edition, p. 24, No. 25.
King David confirms Bernard de BalioPs gift of a fishing (No.
CCLVIIL, p. 207). If the fishing was on the English side of the
Tweed, it would be strange that the Scottish King should affect to
confirm the grant ; but perhaps the monks of Kelso begged him to
confirm it lest there should be any question whether the fishing was in
England or in Scotland.
CCLX.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 83 a ; Bannatyne Club edition,
p. 88, No. 152.
Countess Ada, addressing her provost and burgesses and all her
liegemen of Haddingtonshire, informs them that she has granted
a full toft in her burgh of Haddington in free alms for the soul of her
lord, the Earl Henry, and for her own soul, etc.
This was granted after Earl Henry's death in 1152. King
David had granted a toft in Haddington to Dunfermline, ante, pp.
164, 167. In later years the abbey seems to have had only one toft
there.
CCLXI.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 22 a, and duplicate, fol. 22 b ; Banna-
tyne Club edition, p. 55, No. 90.
The Bishop of St. Andrews confirms to the Abbey of Dunfermline
the church of St. Leonards at Perth, a chapel ('membrum') of the
church of St. John the Baptist.
p. 209. ' Membrum ' is not a common word in Scottish charters.
Du Cange says it is " partie d'un tout, dependance, accessoire."
Testibus. Magister Herbert is probably the Magister H. of charter
CCLVII., p. 207. He witnessed several charters to Dunfermline
Abbey.
CCLXII.
Registrum de Dunfermelyn, fol. 75 a; Bannatyne Club edition,
p. 74, No. 123.
Charter by Andrew, Bishop of Caithness, granting to the Abbey of
Dunfermline the church of the Holy Trinity of Dunkeld and its lands.
NOTES CCLIX.-CCLXIII.
445
The church of the Holy Trinity at Dunkeld was not the cathe-
dral, but the parish church, endowed with many lands of which Andrew,
the Bishop of Caithness, was owner and patron.
The Bishop of Caithness reserved his liferent, as appears from the
confirmation by King Malcolm IV., which stated that the gift to Dun-
fermline was to take effect on the Bishop's death (Reg. de Dunf,
No. 36, p. 22). The grant was confirmed by King William (ib. p. 30),
by King Alexander II. (ib. p. 42), by King Alexander III. (ib. p. 48),
by Pope Alexander III. (ib. 418), and by Richard, Bishop of Dunkeld
(ib. 419) : " Concede etiam eis conversationem in episcopatu meo et ut
divinum exerceant officium et subditorum suorum curam habeant
animarum et ut conversantes in diocesi mea a me quae ad Chris-
tianitatem pertineret accipiant."
In 1255 David de Lochore, Sheriff of Perth, alleged that the Abbot
and Convent of Dunfermline owed suit in the Sheriff's Court of Perth
for the lands of Fordouin, Cupermaccultin, Bendhautine, Ketheker-
bege, Inchethurfin and Dunmernech, which are the same as those in
this charter ; the claim was proved to be unfounded (ib. p. 51).
Fordouin, Dunmernach, Cupermaccultin, Bendachten, Incheturfin,
Chethec, were all in the Sheriffdom of Perth, near Cupar Angus. The
Abbey of Dunfermline feued them to Malcolm of Ferenderach, and
they were for some time part of the estate of Frendaught (Reg. Dunf.,
pp. 217, 278). In later times they passed into the hands of other
vassals of the abbey.
CCLXIII.
Registrum Prioratus S. Andreae, fol. i8b ; Bannatyne Club edition,
p. 43 ; Reeves' Culdees, p. 130.
Bishop Robert of St. Andrews grants to the Canons Regular the
abbey of St. Serfs island, hitherto held by the Keledei, with all its
pertinents, namely Findahin, Portemuoch, the mills at the bridge, a
mill in Findahin, Chircness, half of Urechehem, the church land of
Sconin, twenty meli of cheese, one pig from Markinche, twenty
meli of cheese and four meli of malt and one pig from Ecmor ;
twenty meli of barley from Balcristin, twenty meli of cheese and
one pig from Bolgin son of Torfin, the tithe of our house of
the island, the tithe of the whole rent which we are to receive at
that house, and the church vestments which the Keledei had, and the
books.
p. 210. Abbatiam: used here as a monastery; St. Serf's was a
priory.
446 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
p. 210. Findahin and Urechehem are not mentioned elsewhere as
parts of the endowments of St. Serf's.
Books. The library of the Abbey of Loch Leven, in the reign
of David I., consisted of sixteen books.
" Four were probably for the public service of the church. Of the
Scripture, there were the Gospels after the text of St. Prosper, a
zealous follower of St. Augustine : the Acts of the Apostles : and three
books of Solomon. There were commentaries on Genesis and on the
Song of Solomon : the works of Origen . . . the Sentences of St.
Bernard, who is styled Abbot of Clairvaux . . . and another collection
of Sentences. * Interpretationes dictionum,' perhaps the same treatise
which was engrossed in the Regi strum Magnum under the title of
1 Tractatus de dictionibus Bibliae ' ; a treatise of the Sacraments ;
pars bibliothecae . . . and a treatise concerning exceptions from
ecclesiastical rules " (Preface to Reg. Prior. S. A., p. xvi).
Haddan and Stubbs, Concil., 2, p. 228 : " It has been rightly inferred
from the mention here of the Keledean Pastoral, Gradual and Missal
as transferred from Keledei to Augustinian canons, that the ' barbari
ritus' and 'mos suus' of the former were merely matters of circum-
stance and of indifferent externals and certainly did not touch
doctrine."
Dr. Reeves, Culdees, p. 131 : * The character of the books is
just what might be expected in a small monastic establish-
ment of that date and the ritual works are those which were in
general use. (i) a Pastorale or Ritual ; (2) a Graduale or Anti-
phonary ; (3) a Missale or Liturgy book ; (4) an Origo or Origines —
if the former, some tract like the popular * Origo Mundi 3 ; if the latter,
some of the writings of Origen (whose name is sometimes written
' Origines ' instead of ' Origenes,' see Panzer) ; (5) the Sententiae of
St. Bernard ; (6) a treatise on the Sacraments in three staves ;
(7) a portion of the Vulgate Bible ; (8) a Lectionarium or book
of Epistles and Gospels ; (9) the Acts of the Apostles ; ( 10) the
Four Gospels ; (u) a Prosper (probably some work of Prosper Aqui-
tanus) ; (12) three books of Solomon; (13) Glosses on Solomon's
Song; (14) Interpretations of Words; (15) a collection of Sententiae
or Religious Maxims ; (16) exposition of Genesis ; (17) excerpts of
Ecclesiastical Rules."
CCLXIV.
Registrum Prioratus Sancti Andreae, fol. 55 a; Bannatyne Club
edition, p. 126.
Robert, the Bishop of St. Andrews, addressing all the sons of the
Holy Mother Church, and granting his episcopal benediction, states
that he had granted to Robert, the first prior of the church of St.
Andrews, and to his successors, his benediction. He grants to the
brethren of that place the right to elect the prior. On whomso-
ever the majority agrees, he shall be raised to the government of the
house.
NOTES CCLXI1I.-CCLXVII. 447
CCLXV.
Registrum Prioratus Sancti Andreae, fol. 54 b ; Bannatyne Club
edition, p. 124.
Charter by Robert, the Bishop or St. Andrews, granting to the
Priory of St. Andrews a toft in Chilrimund, and three tofts on the
water of Kines tenure of Kininmonth.
p. 212. Kinninmonth is near Ceres.
CCLXVI.
Registrum Prioratus Sancti Andreae, fol. 90 b ; Bannatyne Club
edition, p. 189.
A confirmation by King David of the grant by the Bishop to the
Priory of Kinninmuneth, and of a toft in Kilrimund. This may refer
to the preceding, No. CCLXV. There is another charter by the bishop
(Registr. S. And., p. 125) : " Robertus Dei gratia humilis minister eccle-
siae Sancti Andreae, Universis Sanctae Matris ecclesiae filiis salutem.
Innotescat tarn posteris quam praesentibus nos dedisse et in liberam
elemosinam concessisse Deo et ecclesiae Sancti Andreae et canonicis
ibidem Deo servientibus Kinninmuneth cum tofta de Kilrimund et
cum omnibus aliis appenditiis suis. Quapropter volumus et prae-
cipimus quatenus ipsi hanc elemosinam ita libere et honorifice
teneant ut decet elemosina teneri. Et si quis de hac elemosina
injuriam ecclesiae Sancti Andreae et praedictis fratribus intulerit,
vinculo anathematis constringatur nisi digne satisfecerit. Testibus
Hereberto episcopo Glasguensi, Willelmo episcopo Moraviensi, Arnaldo
abbate de Chalchou, Gaufrido abbate de Dunfermelyn, Willelmo
abbate de Sancta Cruce, Ysaach abbate de Striuelin, Matheo archi-
diacono, Thoraldo archidiacono, Aiulfo decano, Nicholao clerico regis,
Willelmo capellano episcopi, Magistro Andrea, Magistro Herberto,
Johanne nepote episcopi, Radulfo nepote episcopi."
p. 212. The rights of the priory in Kinninmunet were repeatedly
confirmed; by Pope Adrian IV. (p. 51), Pope Alexander III. (p. 54),
Pope Lucius III. (p. 58), the Bishops of St. Andrews (pp. 131, 143, 150),
by King Malcolm (pp. 200, 206), by King William I. (p. 214), and by
King Alexander (p. 233).
CCLXVII.
Registrum Prioratus Sancti Andreae, fol. 92 a ; Bannatyne Club
edition, p. 193.
Charter by King David granting his protection to the Hospital o.
St. Andrews. King David, by charter CLXXL, ante, p. 134, granted
448 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Kenlachyn to the hospital. The rights and privileges of the hospital
were often confirmed by successive Popes (Reg. St. And., pp. 54, 56,
63, 67, 72, 77, 92, 99); by Bishops of St. Andrews (ib. pp. 123, 130,
143, 145, M8, 151,
p. 213. Testibus. Symon son of Michael gave a ploughgate of
land in Cathelai, which he had perambulated. His grant was con-
firmed by King Malcolm IV. (Reg. Prior. S. A., p. 195), and King William
(p. 212) confirmed the ploughgate of land in Chathelach, with common
pasture for twenty-four beasts and eighty sheep, which Symon son of
Michael gave, and his son Alan confirmed. " Ita quod Simon et
heredes sui terram illam adquietabunt de exercitibus et operationibus et
de omnibus secularibus exactionibus excepto quod idem hospitale
adquietabit illam carrucatam terrae de Geldo regio quod communiter
capietur de terris et de elemosinis per regnum Sociae." The descen-
dants of Simon took the name of Kinnear and were the vassals of
the priory in the lands of Kathlac, etc., which they held till the begin-
ning of the eighteenth century.
CCLXVIII.
Registrum Prioratus Sancti Andreae, fol. 54 b ; Bannatyne Club
edition, p. 124.
Charter by Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews, granting three tofts
in the burgh of St. Andrews to the priory : (i) the toft of Elfgar,
(2) the toft of Arnald, (3) the toft of William Cocus.
p. 213. Patres de Templo, a clerical error for 'fratres.' The
brethren of the Temple of the Lord in Jerusalem had settlements in
Scotland in the reign of King David. They were replaced by the
Knights of St. John.
CCLXIX.
Registrum Prioratus Sancti Andreae, fol. 55 a ; Bannatyne Club
edition, p. 125.
When the Bishop endowed the priory (charter No. CLXII., ante,
p. 124) he gave to the canons two out of the seven portions of the revenue
of the old church ; now he enlarged the gift and gave six out of the
seven portions, reserving one portion to himself as Bishop.
CCLXX.
The original, with a seal attached, is in the Treasury at Durham.
Printed by Raine, N. Durham, App., p, 38, No. CLXiv. ; facsimile in
the National MSS. of Scotland, No. xxvi.
NOTES CCLXVII.-CCLXXI.
449
The editor of the National MSS. of Scotland included this among
the charters of the reign of David I., but I doubt whether it was
granted before 1160; it is not in the Chartulary of Kelso which
was compiled after the church of Ercheldune was declared to belong
to Durham, at which time it is probable that this charter was sent to
Durham, where it has remained ever since.
Walter de Lyndesay, with the consent of William his son, grants to
the Abbey of Kelso, the church of Ercheldune and the ploughgate of
land belonging to it.
His right to do so was challenged by the Priory of Durham on the
ground that Ercheldune was a chapel of the mother church of Edrom,
which had been granted to the monks of St. Cuthbert by Earl Gos-
patric by charter (No. CXVIL, ante, p. 90). Pope Alexander III. about
the year 1160 referred to the Bishop of St. Andrews and the Abbots
of Rievaulx and Melrose the issue whether the priory of Durham had
had prescriptive possession of the chapel of Ercheldune for forty
years ; the possession was proved by the oaths of twelve priests, of
one deacon, and of two laymen, which carried the possession of
Durham back to 1129. William de Lindesay gave a charter (CLXV.,
Raine, N. Durham, App., p. 39) granting to Durham the church
of Ercheldune and a ploughgate of land. (Raine, N. Durham, App.,
I, Nos. 459, 460, 461.) Bertram (III.), Prior of Durham (1189-1209),
granted a concession from the altarage of the church of Ercheldune
to the nephew of the Prior of Coldingham " nomine vicariae " (Raine,
N. Durham, App., p. 95, No. DXXXIII.).
p. 215. Ercheldune, Earlston, a parish in Lauderdale, Berwickshire.
Gauterius avunculus raeus : the paternal uncle of the granter. He
was a witness to Earl David's charter to Selkirk and to many of the
early charters of the King.
Hospitale in Ercheldune. I have not found any other reference to
a hospital there ; its lands were exempt from tithe, f
CCLXXI.
Chartulary of Brinkburn, Surtees Society, Vol. 90, p. 142.
This is a confirmation of No. CCXLVL, ante, p. 198.
I followed Mr. Page, the editor of the Brinkburn Chartulary for the
Surtees Society. He had the MS. before him, and read the name of
the granter as Malcolm' de Gwarrenne, but there is authority for
ascribing the charter to William, the second son of Earl Henry.
Dugdale, Monast, Vol. vi., page 332, and the abbreviated copy
in Dodsworth's MSS. XLV. 6a, (vol. 44 of the Surtees Society, Illust.
Doc., p. xiv, note) gives it as a grant by William de Gwarrenne, Earl
of Northumberland.
2 F
450 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Pope Urban (Chartulary of Brinkburn, p. 197) confirmed the gift
of a saltpan in Werkeworth by Henry the Earl and W., his son, King
of Scotland.
Henry, Earl 'of Northumberland, died on 12 June, 1153.
John of Hexham (Surtees Society, 44, p. 165) said that William
was recognised as Earl of Northumberland on the death of his
father Earl Henry.
" Post Pentecosten defunctus est cognatus ejus, Henricus Comes,
films David regis Scotiae, modestissimi spiritus princeps, homo
disciplinatus et timoratus et devotus in misericordiis pauperum ;
sepultusque est in monasterio monachorum apud Calcehou secus
Rochesburh quod David pater ejus construxerat.
"Rex autem David dissimulate moerore super interitu Reginae
Angliae neptis suae et filii sui unici tulit continue Melcholmum
primogenitum filii sui et dato ei rectore Dunecan comite cum
exercitu copioso jussit eundem puerum per provincias Scotiae
circumduci et proclamari heredem regni. Juniorem vero filium
Willelmum ipse assumens venit ad Novum Castellum acceptisque
obsidibus a principibus Northymbriae omnes ejusdem pueri dominio
subditos fecit." Fordoun and Wyntoun copied John of Hexham.
There is a charter by William as Earl of Northumberland (Surtees
Soc., vol. 44, Illus. Doc., p. xiv):
"Willelmus comes Northumbrie illustris, constabulariis suis, vice-
comitibus suis omnibus, necnon omnibus hominibus suis Francis et
Anglicis Northumb' qui sunt et qui venturi sunt, salutem. Notum
vobis facio quatinus do et concede Willelmo de Vescy ut habeat
forum suum apud Sanctum Walericium qui vocatur Neubiginge cum
omnibus rebus et rectitudinibus omnibus quae melius et liberius
pertineant ulli foro totius Northumbriae, ita libere quiete et honorifice
sicut aliquis in tota Northumbria habet et tenet territorium suum
liberius et honorabilius. Volo et jubeo quod idem Willelmus de Vescy
teneat predictum forum et habeat. Testantibus hiis Osberto priore
de Jeddeworth, A comitissa matre ejus, Gilberto constabulario,
Odenel Denframvilla, Edmundo Camerario, Hugone Giffard, Willelmo
Masculo, Rodberto de Baillioll, Magistro Ricardo de DeveP, Waltero
de Pelet . . . nigro, Godfredo. Apud Edinburgh."
p. 215. de Gwarenne comes Northumbriae. William assumed his
mother's surname of de Warenne ; she was the daughter of William
de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey. Unlike their successors, Balliols,
Bruces, and Stewarts, the ancient kings of Scotland, had no sur-
name.
Roger Bertram : William Bertram was the founder of the priory,
see charter CCXLVIL, p. 199 ; ' Roger' is probably a mistake.
Salina . . . apud Werkewurthe : see note to CCXLVI., p. 438.
NOTES CCLXXI. 451
p. 216. William de Vescy, Roger de Merlay, Ada his wife, and
Ranulf his son, and Alicia his mother, were benefactors to Brinkburn.
Roger de Merlay was a son of Ranulf de Merlay the founder of
Newminster, who married Juliana, a daughter of Gospatric, Earl of
Northumberland and sister of Dolfin, Gospatric, and Waltheof.
De Merlay had with her a charter from Henry I. of Marsale in North-
umberland. (Surtees Soc., Vol. 44, Illust. Docs., p. ix ; i Bain,
Calendar, p. 312.)
On 24 May, 1153, David I. died at Carlisle.
After the death of King Stephen in 1 154, Ailred, Abbot of Rievaulx,
addressed to King Henry II, a lament on the death of King David,
which Fordoun embodied in his Chronicle ; it is in terms of warm and
perhaps exaggerated praise, but as it was written by one who knew
the King intimately, and who had not scrupled to blame his conduct
in the war of 1138, it may be accepted as a truthful tribute to the
memory of a good King.
Most of the events of King David's life have been noticed in my
notes. I followed Sir Archibald D unbar in stating that David was
born about 1080. I now think that he was born not before 1085, for
in 1 105 he was still a young man (adolescens) serving in the court of
his brother-in-law Henry I. He told Ailred that his sister the Queen
sent for him to assist her in ministering to lepers, that in his youth-
ful pride and ignorance he refused, and returned laughing to his
companions. In 1107, he succeeded to lands and lordships in
Scotland by the bequest of his brother King Edgar. Between mo
and 1 1 12 he married the Countess Matilda, a widow many years
older than himself, for her father was beheaded in 1173.
As a King's son he probably was styled ' Earl ' before his marriage ;
after that he had an Earldom, that of Northampton, with the Honor
of Huntingdon, and at Yardley Hastings, he and his wife lived
until he succeeded to the throne of Scotland in 1124. They had four
children, of whom Henry alone lived to manhood ; a son and two
daughters died in infancy. Wyntoun tells a gruesome story of the
cruel murder of Malcolm, the elder boy, by the old, blind and
maimed Donald Bane ; but it cannot be true. Donald was imprisoned
at Rescobie, where it is very unlikely that David and his family ever
lived, and Wyntoun said that the shock to the Countess brought on
premature confinement and that she died when her son Henry was
born. But she lived for more than sixteen years after Earl Henry's
birth and died Queen of Scots in 1130-1131. Another version is that
the murder was committed by an outcast priest, but that is pro-
bably untrue.
Before he succeeded to the throne, Earl David, attracted by the
fame of St. Bernard at Tiron, begged him to give some monks for the
monastery which the Earl founded at Selkirk. I said (ante, p. 372)
that St. Bernard was David's teacher and friend, but I find from the
life of the Saint by Geoffroi le Gros (Migne, Vol. 172, pp. 1426-27)
that David never met St. Bernard. In the early part of the year
1117 the Earl made the arduous journey to Tiron, near Chartres, in
France, but he arrived too late. St. Bernard died before David
reached Tiron ; he knelt beside his tomb, and inducing twelve monks
and an abbot to go to Scotland, he placed them at Selkirk and largely
increased the endowments of the Abbey.
452 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Earl David's possessions gave him great influence in the south of
Scotland. About 1118 he restored the Bishopric of Glasgow and
caused an enquiry to be made regarding the old endowments of the
see. The new Bishop, John, was not an obedient son of the Church
of Rome, and it is not clear what position Earl David took in the
contest .
Ailred says that when David succeeded to the kingdom he shrunk
from those services which, after the manner of their fathers, were
rendered by Scottish men to a king on his accession, and that it
was with difficulty that the Bishops induced him to receive them.
He was accompanied to Scotland by many friends and vassals from
Northamptonshire, of whom Robert de Brus, Hugo de Moreville, and
others got grants of lands.
During the greater part of his life King David resided frequently
in England, at the Court of Henry I. in the Earldom of Northampton ;
at Carlisle he lived for many years, and died there.
He was diligent in founding and endowing monasteries and in
creating and restoring bishoprics. In 1130-31 he was in England
for several months. There are entries in the Pipe Rolls of Corrody
for him ; he sat as a judge in a cause between the King of England
and Geoffrey de Clinton. In his absence from his kingdom, the
Earl of Moray rose in rebellion, but he was defeated and killed at
Stracathrow.
On December 2, 1135, Henry L, King of England, died, and King
David at once took up arms to oppose Stephen and to support the
claim of the Empress Maud. The history of the next four years
has been partly told in the notes. King David advanced to the
neighbourhood of Durham, and on the approach of King Stephen he
retired to Newcastle; a temporary peace was arranged in 1136;
Henry, the King's son, did homage to Stephen for the Honor of
Huntingdon, and for Carlisle and Doncaster, which were given to
him ; and King David restored to the King of England the castles
and lands in England which he had taken.
The King founded the Abbey of Melros in 1136, and in the same
year the Cathedral church of Glasgow was consecrated. Next year,
1137, when King Stephen was abroad, King David invaded Nor-
thumberland ; a truce was arranged until Stephen's return. In
March, T 138, Stephen advanced as far as Roxburgh and then retreated,
while King David with his nephew, William Fitz Duncan, laid waste
the north of England. Temporary success was gained by the Scots at
Clitheroe and at Norham, but at the battle of the Standard King
David was defeated on 22 August, 1138. The history of this war
is fully told by Richard and John of Hexham and by Ailred. It
was carried on with cruelty and barbarity by the Scots under
William Fitz Duncan. Ailred stated that this was done against the
express commands of the King, but that he accepted the responsibility,
and so severely blamed himself that he wished to resign his crown and
to join the Crusade as a penitent. Peace was arranged inn 39, on
terms more favourable to the Scots than they deserved. The Earldom
of Northumberland was conferred on Earl Henry ; he married Ada,
daughter of the Earl of Surrey, and was received as a friend by King
Stephen. King David retained Carlisle and part of Cumberland.
NOTES CCLXXI. 453
King David remained constant in his support of the Empress ; he
joined her in 1 141, and he and his son engaged in what seems to me to
have been a discreditable attempt to gain for his chancellor, William
Cumyn, the Bishopric of Durham ; the defeat at Winchester, from which
the King escaped with difficulty, brought his active interference in
the affairs of England to an end, and for the last eleven years of his
reign he was at peace with Stephen. For part of that time he held
the Honor of Lancaster, north of the Ribble, which he resigned about
the year 1149. He knighted Prince Hemy, afterwards Henry II., at
Carlisle in 1149. Between 1140-1153 he founded and endowed many
monasteries, and he created and restored several bishoprics.
Towards the end of his reign there was trouble in the north, caused
by Wimund, the Bishop of the Isles, whom Ailred calls a pseudo-
episcopus, who falsely stated that he was a son of Angus, Earl of
Moray ; it is said that King David bought him off by a grant of
Furness, which he held as part of his Honor of Lancaster.
Ailred speaks of King David's daily administration of justice, he
was accessible to all who had complaints to urge and wrongs to be
redressed. In the latter years of his reign the King was assisted
by his son Earl Henry, a capable and popular prince, who besides
taking part in the affairs of Scotland did his duty as Earl of Northum-
berland and lord of Huntingdon. In 1152 the King's niece, the wife
of King Stephen, died, and shortly afterwards he lost his only son.
The King caused Malcolm, his eldest grandson, to be taken through-
out Scotland and proclaimed the heir to the throne, he himself
took his second grandson, William, to Northumberland and installed
him as Earl. After a reign of more than twenty-nine years he died
at Carlisle on the 24 May, 1153.
INDEX.
A, decanus. See Aiulfus.
Aachen, 226.
Aad cum barba, 85-86, 349.
Abbey, privileges granted to, by a
Bishop, 332.
Abboldesle Church granted to Jed-
burgh, 408.
Abbot of Croyland deposed by the
Legate, 327.
Abbotrule, 408.
Abbots' Courts. See Court.
Abbotshall, 337.
Aberbrothoc Abbey, its house in
Perth, 319.
Abercarf, 46, 302.
Abercorn, 322.
Aberdeen, Bishop of, charter by King
David to the, 89, 354.
Edward, 181, 182, 183, 426.
Nectan, 78, 89, 338, 355.
Bishopric, history of the, 338, 354.
Breviary of the, 224, 387.
Register of the, 4, 229, 354.
"View of the Diocese," quoted,
224.
Burgh, a mansio in, granted to Scone
Priory, 29, 287.
charter granted at, 181.
dean of, 355.
oaths taken at, "juraverunt apud,"
1 80.
tithe "annonae" at, 89, 355.
tithe of the King's rents of, 89, 355.
tithe of the can of ships at, 89.
Aberdeen, Old, Villa de, 89.
Aberdeenshire, 222.
almanac for, 1703, 222.
tithe of the thanages, rents, and
escheats in the shire, 89.
Aberdour (Abbordoboir), I, 220, 222.
Abermelc, 46, 303.
Abernethy, 12, 100, 243, 244, 245.
Bishopric of, 244, 245.
priests of, 12, 243, 246.
Priory of canons regular, 245.
Abthania, meaning of, list of
Abthainries, 223.
Aceard (Accard), 10, 242.
Achad Madchor, 2, 225.
Achadnaglerech, 2, 224.
Achad toche temni, 2.
Acres, 27, 75, 257, 336, 408.
English and Scottish, 257.
a carrucate contained 120 acres,
257.
Acta Dominorum Concilii, extract
from, 149, 404.
Ada, Countess, wife of Earl Henry,
105, 109, 194, 208, 378, 405,
4I5> 451-
Ada, daughter of Earl Henry, 378.
Adam camerarius, 28, 279, 310.
Adam, capellanus, 154, 166, 174, 194,
195, 196, 209, 212, 214, 436.
Adam Mac Ferdomnac, 181.
Adam, son of Edulf, 303.
Adam, son of Edward, 80.
Adam, son of Odo, 395.
Adam, son of Swain, 107, 150, 272,
375» 405.
Adam vicecomes, 99, 100, 365 ;
charter by, 365 ; his brothers,
S^S-
Adamnan, life of St. Columba
noticed, 222, 228.
Adelardus, son of Algar, 423.
Adelwaldus (Adelof, Adelulfus), prior
of St. Oswald's, 29, 64, 65, 68,
281, 282, 328.
Bishop of Carlisle, 113, 391.
Aden, 226.
Adhelwold, father of Alden, 65.
INDEX
455
Adlave, Ralph, chaplain and con-
fessor ; founded the priory of St.
Oswald, 282.
Admore (Auchmoor, Ecmor), II, 12,
210, 243, 245.
Adscriptitii glebae, 254, 317.
Adulf, brother of Alexander de St.
Martin, 405.
Adulf, priest of Aldehamstoc, 60, 323.
^Ed, father of Comgeall, 2.
Aedmundus, son of Forn, 175.
Aeldona (Eldon), 27, 275.
Aelfricus, capellanus, 119.
Aetele, 13, 248.
Agelwardus, 48, 306.
Agenho, Ilbard de, 51, 311.
Agnes Seat, 406.
Agulfus, 13, 248.
Ailred, abbot of Rievaulx, quoted,
227, 261, 262, 272, 328, 339, 359. •
Ailsi, 85, 345, 349.
Ailvethenamone, 225.
Ailwardus, subsessor, 48. 306.
Aimarus, 55, 64-65, 73.
Aimarus Galleius, 28.
Ainsleth, 375.
Airth, church and land granted to
Holyrood, 75, 76, 117, 336, 337.
Aiscdhe, 330.
Aiulfus, capellanus, 174.
Aiulfus, decanus, 68, 75, 149, 166,
175, 184, 186, 206, 211, 214,
331, 447-
Alan, father of Walter. See Walter.
Alan, monk of Durham, 166.
Alan, son of Gospatric, son of Orm,
437-
Alan, son of Raulfus, 203.
Alan, son of Waltheof, 93, 150, 197,
198, 285, 318, 437.
Alba, 219 ; men of, 244.
Alban, Bishop of, 233 ; chief resi-
dences of, 84.
Albanensis Episcopus, Cardinal,
Petrus, 130, 393.
Albanich, 244.
Albemarle, Earl of, at the Battle of
the Standard : his marriage, 273.
Albericus (Abbericus), Bishop of
Ostia, Cardinal, Legate, 130,
143, 145, 269, 327, 393, 402.
Albus. See Uniet Albus.
Alcuin, letter to the brethren of
Candida Casa, 3, 226 ; his life,
226.
Aldan of Bamborough, Church of, 257.
Aldan, brother of Gosp" and son of
Crin, 90.
Aldanus, son of Alsimald, 64.
Aldcambus, granted to the Priory of
Durham, 13, 14, 15, 17, 55, 253,
254-
Aldcambus, Edward de, 254.
Aldeham, 10, 242.
Aldehamstoc, Adulf, priest of, 60, 323.
Alden, 175, 421.
Alden, son of Adhelwold, 65.
Aldestelle (a fishing), 85, 169, 348,
387-
Aldeue, father of Gospatric, 27, 46.
Aldin Alenn, 3.
Aldormann, Edwinus, 48.
Aldred, son of Ulf, 272.
Aldredus decanus, 69, 160, 161, 412.
Aldreio, Galfrid de, 13, 249.
Aldwine, monk of Jarrow, 264.
Alexander, brother of King Edgar,
II, 13, 248, 261.
Alexander I., 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27,
28, 30, 33, 35, 36, 42, 43, 45,
61, 90, 92, 156, 158, 168, 236,
248, 256, 261, 307, 355, 391, 401,
403-
letter to, from Anselm, Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, 20.
letters by, to Ralph, Archbishop
of Canterbury, 22, 30, 33, 263,
288, 290.
letters to, from Ralph, Archbishop
of Canterbury, 31, 34, 38, 288,
290, 291.
letter to, from Pope Calixtus, 39,
292.
letter to, from Eadmer, 35, 291.
charters by, to the Priory of Dur-
ham, 21, 22, 24, 262, 263.
charters to Scone Priory, 28, 42,
43, 279-281, 294, 295.
gifts to Dunfermline, 1 68, 325.
protection to the Church of Tyne-
mouth, 92.
extent of his kingdom. Had
David an independent rule ? 262,
265, 307.
his marriage, life, death, and
burial, 261, 262, 289.
his bastard son, Melcolf, 350.
his nephews, 283.
seal described, 263.
Alexander II., 255, 260, 381, 389,
415, 437-
Alexander III., 389, 407.
Alexander, nepos regis, 30, 283.
Alexander, son of Alexander III. , 407.
Alexander, son of Waltheof, 396.
Alford, 355.
456
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Alfricus pincerna, 18, 30, 257.
Alfricus, priest of St. Bartholomew,
48.
Alfwyn, 17, 164, 257.
Algar, father of Adelardus, 423.
Algar, prior of Durham, 21, 22, 23,
60, 72, 257, 263.
Algarus, priest, 18, 257.
Algune, son of Arcill, 78.
Alice, wife of William Fitz Duncan,
272 ; their daughters, 273.
Alimodus, son of Makodi, 13.
Alimoldus, 13, 248.
Allechtia (herring), 117, 385.
Allen's History of Yorkshire, 282.
Allerdale, Barony of, 318, 328.
Almechine juxta Alvecromber, 152,
408.
Almodus, father of William, 13.
Alna, 157.
Alneclive juxta Alncromb, 153, 408.
Alnecrumba, 46, 152, 153, 303,
408.
Alnwick, Malcolm III. killed at,
265.
surrendered to King David, 351.
Alnwick Abbey, 308, 420.
Alnwick, Barony of, 308.
Alocluaithe, Reges, 300.
Alric, Earl, and his wife, Ethelfleda,
352.
Alsimald, father of Aldan, 64.
Alstan, father of Ulchel, 46.
Alstanefurde, 149, 360, 405.
Altar, laying a grant on the, 17, 23,
256, 381.
Altere, Altrie, 2, 224.
Alterin alia nethe na camone, 2,
Altisiodorum (Auxerre), 81, 143, 145.
Alvecromber, 152, 408.
Alvertun, 367, 370.
Alwyn MacArkil, 63, 77, 78, 82, 86,
96, 98, 104, 120, 122, 129, 134,
138, 167, 171, 179, 182, 195,
327-
Alwynus, abbot of Holyrood, 114,
115, 117, 152, 158, 380, 381.
charters by, to Newbattle, 114,
"5-
Alwynus, chaplain [of the Earl], 28,
48, 383-
Amabel, daughter of William Fitz
Duncan, 273.
Ameseia, Church of, 272. See
Embessy.
Amounderness, 374.
Amundeville family, 249.
Amundivilla, Johannis de, 13, 249.
Amundivilla, Robertus de, 15.
Anagus comes Muravensis, 350.
Anant, Vallum de, 162, 413. See
Annandale.
Ancrum, 303, 408.
Anderset, alias Agnes Seat, 406.
Anderson's Diplomata, 246, 250, 256,
257, 263, 364, 370, 375, 377, 431.
Anderson, Essay on Scotland, Im-
perial and Independent, quoted,
239, 341-
Andreas, Magister, 166, 184,211,214,
447-
Anglicus, Radulf, 28 ; Richard, 108.
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 221, 225,
35°.
Anglus, Richard, 407, 408.
Angus, Earl of, Dufagan, 223, 426 ;
Ggillebrite, 1 8 1, 223, 366, 426.
Angus, Countess of, Isobel, wife of
Sir John de Edmonstone, 260.
Angus, Earls of, held Bonkyl, 335.
Angus, Mormaer of, 223.
Dubacan, 223.
Angus, province of, 223.
Animalia, oxen for ploughing, 17,256.
Anlape, 242.
Annals of Buellan, 223.
Annals of Innisfallen, 350.
Annals of Tighernac, 223, 233.
Annals of Ulster, 223, 225, 350.
Annan, parish of, 307.
Annan, water of, 413.
Annandale, 303, 305, 307, 413.
charter of, by King David to
Robert de Brus, 48, 307.
given by his father to Robert de
Brus, junior, 307.
charter of the forest, 162, 413.
King William's charter to Robert
de Brus, 308.
church lands in, 162, 414.
James, Earl of, 295.
Annonae, tithe of, 89, 355.
Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury,
305, 320 ; letter to Alexander I.,
20, 260.
Anselm's Letters, Gerberon's edition,
260.
his life, 320.
' nepos' of Bishop John, 103.
Ansketil, constable of Norham, 248.
Ansketillus, praepositus of Norham,
13, 248, 249.
Anthetillus, son of Udard, 197, 437.
Antistes, Lanfrancus "indignus S.
Cantuar." Eccl., 7.
INDEX
457
Appeal to the Court of the Bishop of
St. Andrews from the Court of
the Culdees, 432.
to the King's justice, 62, 326.
Applegarth, parish of, 308.
Aqua de North, 89.
Araldus Comes, 9, 238.
Archardus, Prior of May, 121, 388.
Archidiaconus, Bleinus, 119.
of Glasgow. See Ascelinus.
of Lothian, Turoldus, 75, 115.
Rann, 100.
Robert, 306.
Roger, 47, 306.
Archis, de, DurandusandWilliam,272.
Ardena, Osbert de, 47, 108.
Ardrigh, 219, 223.
Argyll (Errogeil), placita et lucra de,
Il8 ; tithe of, 171, 205.
Argyll's, Marquis of, regiment, .295.
Argyllshire, 419.
Arkil, 149, 405.
Arkil de Matefen, 365.
Armiger, 48.
Armour, 256.
Arnald, toft of, 213, 396.
Arnaldus, 48.
Arnulfus, charter to the King's
'miles' of Swinton, 80, 341.
Arnulphus, brother of Makodus, 13.
Arrosia, ordo canonicus de, 142, 401.
Arson, a plea of the Crown, 308.
Arth, father of Radulf, 48.
Arthur's Seat, 383.
Ascelinus, Archdeacon (of Glasgow),
55, 68/69, 73, 79, 85, 93, 108,
136, 1 86, 202, 315.
Aschebi, 46, 303.
Ascripti glebae, 319.
Asheschyrc, 46, 303.
Ash Wednesday, 236.
Assault, premeditated, a plea of the
Crown, 308.
Assentatores, 152, 408.
Assertores, 171, 419.
Assize, option between battle and an,
298.
Assize of David, 316.
Aswi, 321.
Athelstaneford, 149, 360, 405.
Atherai, no, 378.
Atholl, Earls of, Maduc, 108, 284,
343. 377, 425-
Malcolm, 425.
Malmori d'Athotla, 181, 425.
province of, 223.
Atjoklis, Comes de, 284.
Atwood, Mr., 246.
Auchmachar, 225.
Auchmoor Bridge, 245.
Auchterderran, 240.
Auco, Hugo de, 92.
Audrey family, 249.
Augustinus, priest of the Keledei, 12.
Auldearn, 442.
Auldmure, 243.
Aurum, 65 ; meaning of, 329.
Auxerre, 81, 145, 343, 400, 401.
Auxilia, 60, 117.
Avenel, 322, 412.
Avenel, Robert, 104, 150, 171, 182,
188, 195.
Avenel, Roger de, 322.
Avenels of Abercorn, 322.
Averia, 108, 109, 377.
Averin, 388.
Avernus, 120, 388.
Avicia, Bishop Ernald's sister, 395.
Avon, river, 118.
Avon and the Carron, Calatria, the
district between, 349.
Aymarus, miles, 64, 65.
Ayton alia Ay ton, granted to the
monks of St. Cuthbert, 13, 14,
15, 17, 55, 253, 255, 323.
Ayton Castle, 255.
Ayton, parish of, 253, 314, 323.
Aytons of Kinaldie, 231.
B
Baculum peregrinationis S. Jacobi,
Badulf, Bishop of Candida Casa, 227.
Bain's Calendar, 285, 305, 306, 307.
Baireda, father of Cellach, 223.
Balcristie, granted to the Keledei of
Loch Leven, 7, 234, 235, 236;
to the Priory of St. Andrews, 210.
granted to the Abbey of Dunferm-
line, 168, 181.
Baldewin Flam., 186.
lorimarius, 439.
Baldwin, the king's "cliens," 200, 439.
Baledgar Castle, 261.
Balegallin (Ballegallin), a moiety
granted to the monks of May,
166, 416.
Balekerin (Balcherin), granted to
Dunfermline by Alexander I., 61,
168, 325.
Balemacdunechin, 125, 127.
Balfour, Sir James, his MSS. : his
inaccuracy, 193, 237, 436.
Balfour of Fernie, 233.
Balgoua, 127, 392.
Balhucca (Balucca), 125, 127.
458
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Ball Domin, 77, 337.
Balliol, Bernard de, 207, 208, 430,
443. 444-
Hugo de, 405, 443.
John de, 306.
Robert de, 450.
Ballothen (Ballochen), 125, 127.
Balrimund (Barrimund), 124, 127,
391, 392.
Balsam, a crisma of oil and, 332.
Balsan, 60, 323.
Bamborough, 248. See Bebbanburch.
Bamborough, Churches of St. Oswald
and Aldan, 257.
Banchrie (Benchorin), 29, 286.
Banff (Banb, Banef),86, 180, 351, 425.
Banff, charter granted at, 86.
Banff, thanages within the Sheriff-
dom, 89.
Bangelaye, 405,
Banner, St. Cuthbert's, 251, 252.
Baptism, crisma used in, 332.
rights of the Priory of St. An-
drews with regard to, 432.
Barba, Aad cum, 85-86, 349.
Barclay of Cullerney, 232.
Barlanark, 301.
Barnard Castle, 443.
Baron capellanus et scriptor apos-
tolicus, 131, 393.
Barons, the King's, 403.
sicut ullus ex meis baronibus tenet,
80, 341.
sicut unus baronum meorum . . .
tenet, 180, 424.
"in presentia . . . baronum meo-
rum," 197.
recordati fuerunt barones regis, 146,
403-
Barons, Hugh de Moreville, Walter
de Rydale, Ricardus de Castello,
Petrus fil. Kercembaldi, styled
Barons, 1 1 2.
Barons, assent of, to charters, 9,
116, 140, 151, 167, 384, 417.
Barons, charters addressed to, 47, 48,
53, 55. 56, 58, 61, 73, 74, 76, 77,
79, 80, 83, 86, 87, 90, 91, 93, 94,
95, 96, 97, 98, 99. IOI> I02> I04,
105, 106, 107, in, 112, 113,
115, 122, 126, 133, 134, 137,
J54> I55» J6i, 164, 165, 166,
172, 177, 178, 179, 181, 182,
183, 185, 188, 189, 190, 191,
192, 193, 195, 196, 198, 201,
204, 2O6, 212, 215.
Baronia et manerium, 15.
" assise baroniae suae," 308.
Baronies, three in the Cursus Apri,
A.D. 1309, 432.
Barony parish, 302.
Barrimund. See Balrimund.
Barrowe, 405.
Barton, Church of, 408.
Barys Rayk, 392.
Basileus Scottorum.
Malcolm III., 8.
Edgar, 256, 258.
Basset, Ricardus, 320.
Baten, 2, 224.
Bateson's History of Northumberland,
366-
Battle, judicial combat, 43, 116, 255,
297, 298, 384. See Duellum.
Bayeux, Vicomte de, Randolph, 308.
Beauchamp, Hughde, of Eaton- Socon,
353-
Beauchamp. See Belchaump, Bello
Campo.
Beaumont, Earl of Leicester, 378.
Bebbanburch, Ligulf de, 1 8, 256, 257,
279.
Odard, Sheriff of, 28, 278, 279.
Bebbanburgh (Bamborough), novum
castellum apud, 13, 246, 248.
Bee, Abbey of, 261.
prior of, 237.
Bedaios, 222.
Bede the Pict, mormaer of Buchan, I,
222.
Bede, the Venerable, quoted, 221, 222,
226, 252.
Bedford, grant to the monks of
Northampton of 403. from the
rents of, 51, 311 ; exchanged for
405. from Huntingdon; the 403.
from Bedford given to Hugh de
Bror, 88, 353.
Hugo, Earl of, 353.
Bedford a part of the Honour of
Huntingdon, 353-354 J granted
to Pain de Bello Campo, 353.
Bedfordshire, Countess Judith's manors
in, 353-
Beeth, granted to Dunfermline by
Queen Sibilla, 61, 168, 294, 325.
divided into many parts, 325.
Belchaump, Beatrix de, 154, 409.
Belldme, Robert de, 264.
Bellestlene, 161, 413.
Bel lie parish, 442.
Bello Campo, Beatrix de, 154, 173,
177, 178, 191, 194, I95» 274,
353, 409, 419, 435.
charters by, to Dry burgh, 178, 191.
Pain de, Bedford granted to, 353.
INDEX
459
Bello Monte, Hugo de (Earl of Bed-
ford, Hugo the Pauper), 353.
Bellung, Godefridus de, 203.
Benchorin, 29, 286. See Banchrie.
Bendachty (Bendhantine), Bendac-
tehin (Bendachten), 209, 286,
445-
Bendochy, parish of, 286.
Benedictines, 323-324, 350, 373.
Benefactors, masses for, 410.
Beollanus, father of Malnethte, u.
Berbeadh rector scolarum, 12, 246.
Berkeley of Cullernie, 232.
Bernard, abbot of Clairvaulx, 340,
abbot of Tiron, 372, 451.
Bernardus clericus, 365.
Bernardus, son of Tocca, 175? 421-
Bertona, 408.
Bertram, Roger, 215, 422, 451.
William (Baron of Mitford), 199,
438, 439> 451-
Berwick, 12, 14, 15, 27, 50, 61, 79,
85, 114, 117, 125, 127, 132,
133, 137, 148, 149, 152, 153.
155, 157, 168, 169, 174, 183,
187, 190, 247, 276, 348, 385,
386, 392, 394, 395> 404, 408,
410, 449.
mansio de, granted by King Edgar
to Durham, 12, 14, 15, 247 ;
the grant revoked, 247.
a mansura in, granted to Dun-
fermline, 61, 168, 325.
a fishing granted to Dunfermline,
169.
a toft granted to Dunfermline,
84-85.
a mansura in, granted to Jedburgh
Abbey, 152, 153, 4o8-
a toft and a fishing granted to
Holyrood, 117, 385.
:o Kel
155, 410.
toft granted to Kelso Abbey,
a ploughgate, two maisurae and
405. from the census and fishings
and mills granted to Kelso
Abbey, 149, 157.
grant to the Priory of May of a
toft, 148, 404.
a fishing granted to the Priory of
St. Andrews, 125, 127, 132, 394.
a toft granted to the Priory of St.
Andrews, 132, 183, 392.
land and rights in, granted to
Selkirk Abbey, 27, 276, 408.
Earl Henry's rights in, 410.
the King's 'rogum' at, 137, 398.
Berwick — continued.
charters granted at, 50, 79, 85,
H5. 187.
a Synod at, in 1150, 174.
Church of St. Mary granted to the
monks of St. Cuthbert, 79, 341.
Church of St. Laurence, endow-
ment increased, 148, 341 ;
granted to Kelso Abbey, 157,
341, 404; granted by Kelso to
Durham, 449.
Mainard, a burgess of, 133, 395.
Sheriff of, mandate to the, 1 19, 386.
Sheriff of (Norman), 78, 105, 115,
119, 140, 383.
Berewyck streem, 157.
Berwickshire, 248, 255.
Beth comes, 30, 44, 283-284.
Bethoc, wife of Rod, 408.
Beyn, Bishop of Morthelach, 4, 5, 230.
Bidbin (Bibdin), 2, 224.
Bidun (Bydun), Walter de, 124, 150,
185, 197, 429. See Chancellor,
Walter.
Biffie, 224.
Bishop of St. Andrews to be elected by
the prior and canons, 144, 402.
profession of a, to his Metropolitan,
54-
Eadmer resigned the bishopric of St.
Andrews in presence of several
bishops, 290.
a bishop duly elected, received,
and placed in possession of the
bishopric cannot resign, 36, 39.
the Church of Leuing given to
Holyrood free of episcopal ex-
action, save only reverence to the
Bishop, 68.
Bishop of St. Andrews exempted
the Abbey of Kelso from his
jurisdiction. It might get crisma
from any Bishop, 68.
Coldingham exempted from epis-
copal exaction and payments to
the Bishop, 60, 72-73, 335.
Lesmahagow to be free of all
episcopal exaction and subjec-
tion, 135, 136.
the Priory of St. Andrews, declared
independent, " Salva episcopi
nostri canonica justitia ac rever-
entia," 130.
the Bishop to be entertained in the
house of the archdeacon, 48, 306.
the Keledei of St. Serfs island
place themselves under the Bishop
of St. Andrews, 4, 228.
460
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Bishop — continued.
land given by Ethelred to the
Keledei "sine exactione et peti-
tione . . . episcopi," n.
Biscoptun, 369.
Bispham (Biscopham), 105, 106, 373,
374-
Bisset, James, 404.
Bitancia, 423.
Bitlesbroc, 305, 320.
Blackadder, 12, 14, 15, 248.
Blackness, 410, 416.
Blackpool, 374.
Bladebolg, tithe of the can of, 125,
127, 393-
Blahanus, presbyter de Litun, 60, 323.
Blair, of Innerbos, 286.
Blakewel, a fishing, 443.
Blancheburne, in.
Blanchland Abbey, 277.
Blankeland, 112, 113, 380.
Blantrodoch, 381.
Bleinus, Archdeacon, 119.
Blois, Henry of, 393.
Boece, quoted, 230.
Boed, father of Gille, 46, 304.
Boilestune, Radulf de, 68, 209, 331.
Boilond, Bernard de, 186, 430.
Bolbent, 160.
Bolebec, Walter de, 28, 101, 148,
186, 277.
Bolgin (Bolgie, Bolgyne), 6, 9, 61,
168, 210, 232, 238.
Bolgyne, son of Torfyn, 6, 210, 232.
Bolton Priory, 273.
Bonaire, Robert de, 395.
Bondage, 319. See Serfs.
Bondi, 381, 403.
Bonitas Vestra, 33, 34.
Bonkyl (Bonekil), 73, 335.
of that Ilk, 335.
Sir Alexander de, his heiress,
335-
Book of Ballynote, 330.
of Deer, 219-220, 337, 338, 346,
424.
ofKells, 221.
of Llandaff, 221.
of Pluscarden, 269.
Books belonging to the Priory of
Loch Leven, 210, 446.
Books of the Bishop of St. Andrews
given by him to the Priory, 125,
127.
Borgue (Worgis), 175, 421.
Borthwick Castle, 430.
Borthwick Church, 430.
Borthwick, Lord, 430.
Bosyete (Bosiate, Bosgitta), 178, 192,
422, 423, 435.
Bothelden, Richard, Sacerdosde, 215.
Boulogne, Count of, 283.
Boulton, 410.
Bourguignon, Robert de, Seigneur de
Sable, 372.
Bovarius, 27.
Bovates, 75, 336, 396, 404, 407, 408.
Bowden (Botheldene, Bothendena,
Bouldene), 27, 157, 276, 411.
Boyvill, Godard de, the dapifer, 406.
Bradjere, a fishing in the Tyne, 99,
365-
Bradshaw, Mr., 219, 346.
Brabroc, Henry de, 311.
Braibroc, 305, 320.
Braiosa, Paganus de, 28, 47, 55, 73,
277.
Braiosa, de, family, 277.
Bramthwaite, 318.
Brand's History of Northumberland,
306.
Braseum (barley), 118, 156, 169, 344.
Brayfield (Brawfeld) Church of, 52,
312.
Bread, xxx panes decocti cum antiqua
mensura farinae ibi apposita, 10.
decima panum regis ubicunque
fuerit a northo de Lambremor, 30.
" panem et cervisium," 119.
Annandale yielded no wheat for
bread, 307.
Breadalbane, Marquis of, 410.
Brechin (Leot, Leod), abbot of, 78,
181, 33i, 339-
Dovenald, abbas de, 331.
Leod de, 102, 124, 141, 339.
Bishopric of, 425.
Bishop of, Samsone, 180, 416, 425.
T., Bishop of, 425.
Brehon, Matadin the, 78, 339.
Bren, father of Bishop Fothad, 4, 229.
Bret (Brett, Brito, Brittone), Hugo,
42, 55, 69, 73, 85, 86, 92, 96,
101, 108, no, 293.
Bretagne, Duke of, 378.
Breve, 23, 24, 25, 271, 399.
Bridges, making and repairing, 6, 70,
231, 232, 333.
Bridius filius Meilochon, King of the
Northern Picts, 221.
Briencius Dominus (of Reading), 123,
390-
Brigham (Bricgham, Brygham), 12,
14, 248, 318, 437.
Brinkburn, Church and Priory, 198,
199, 215, 418, 451.
INDEX
461
Brithem, 339.
Britones, 300.
Brixwald, no, 378.
Brocein (Brocin), 84, 181, 347, 426.
Broi, Hugo de, 105.
Broomhill, 324.
Bror, Hugo de, 88, 353, 354.
Broughton (Brochton, Broctuna),
granted to Holyrood, 75, 117,
336, 38S. .
Broughton parish, 302.
Brown, Mr. J. T. T., notes on the
Inquisitio, 301.
Brown, William, 415.
Broxmouth (Broccesmuthe), 10, 242.
Broy, Walter de, 47.
Bruce, Robert de, married Isabella
daughter of Earl David, 321.
Bruce of Exton, 321.
Bruces de, the, 361.
Brus, Adam de, 307.
Peter de, 119, 386.
Robert de, 27, 42, 47, 48, 49, 51
S2, 55> 58> 70, 71, 73, 78, 82, 87
89i 99, 136, 138, 162, 262, 272
306, 307, 312, 413, 414.
granted KarkareviltotheAbbe
of York, 47, 305,
charter to, of Annandale, 48,
307-
at the Battle of the Standard,
262, 272.
Robert, Meschin,io8; taken prisoner
at the Battle of the Standard, got
Annandale, and Hert and Hert-
ness, 307 ; charter of Annandale
to, by William the Lion, 308.
Brude, King of the Northern Picts,
converted by Columba, 221.
Brude, son of Dergard, King of the
Picts, befriended St. Serf, 4, 228.
Brude films Derili, 228.
Brude, son of Feredach, 228.
Brumescheyd, 46, 303.
Brunus, Will., 395.
Buccleuch, Duke of, 409.
Buchan, 222 ; subject to the Kings of
Alba, 225.
Earls of, Alexander Cumyn, 347.
Roger, 347.
Countess of, 388.
Mormaers of, 224, 347.
Bede, I, 222.
Colbain, 84, 347.
nobles of, 84, 348.
Buchanan, George, quoted, 403.
Budadh, leader of the army of the
Bishop of St. Andrews, 67.
Budon, 312.
Bull of Pope Eugenius III. to the
Abbey of Stirling, 141,401.
to the Priory of St. Andrews, 143,
402.
Bull of Pope Lucius II. to the Priory
of St. Andrews, 129, 393.
Bull of Innocent II. to Newbattle, 382.
Bull, Reginald de, 51, 311, 312.
Bulmer, Aschetinus de (Anketinus),
64, 65.
Buncle parish, 335.
Burg Serlo, 308.
Burgagium, 193, 200, 435.
Burgesses, the King's immediate
tenants, 133, 314, 395, 422; a
burgess could not sell his house
and leave the burgh, 395 ; special
privileges, 439 ; right to buy and
to sell, 118, 119, 131, 163, 394;
common property of, 396 ; duties
°f> 395 5 Vigilia and Claustura,
200, 439.
Burgh of St. Andrews founded by
the bishop, 133, 395.
Burgh of Canongate, permission to
the abbot of Holyrood to make
a burgh, 118, 386.
Burgh on Sands, Cumberland, 308,
309, 374-
de Moreville, of, 374.
Burgh, Church of (Burg), 437.
Burghs, King's, in the reign of David I.
Aberdeen, 29, 89.
Berwick, 27, 157.
Crail, 194.
Dunfermline, 53, 61, 169.
Edinburgh, 53, 61, 117.
Elgin, 86, 205.
Haddington, 164, 183, 1 86.
Inverkeithing, 29.
Linlithgow, 91.
Perth, 29, 53, 61, 117, 169, 200.
Roxburgh, 27, 157, 193.
Stirling, 117, 164, 168, 183, 186.
Burgonensis, Sir Robert, 57, 63, 66,
67, 104, no, 134, 246, 318, 320,
372.
Burgorum, Leges, quoted, 316.
Burguillun, Robert, no.
Burial, 146, 403, 410, 432.
"corpora eorum jaceant in cimiterio
parochiali," 146.
" ecclesia parochialis habebit eorum
corpora," 147.
dispute regarding the burial of W.
de Veteri Ponte in Kelso Abbey,
410.
462 EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Burnetvilla (Burnevilla), Robert de,
28, 47, 76, 79, 119, 278.
Burnmouth, 255.
Burton Hill, 230 ; opinion as to Earl
David's share of the kingdom in
Alexander I.'s reign, 266.
Busche, carratae de, 1 1 8, 384.
Bute MS., 296.
Butler, the king's, 257. See Pincerna.
Caddar, Gadder, 301.
Caddesleya, 190, 194, 420, 434.
Cadington Minor, Prebend of, 306.
Cadrez of cheese, 158.
Cadwardisly (Edwardsley), 152, 408.
Cadzow (Cadihou), 96, 178, 179, 302,
S^S, 423-
Caen, Abbot of, Lanfranc, 237.
Caerill, 2, 224.
Cainig Mormaer of Marr, father of
Eimin, 223.
Cainnech, 2, 347.
son of MacDobarchon, 2.
Caithness, 100, 223, 224, 366, 408,
409, 419, 425.
Bishops : Adam, 409.
Andrew, 152, 163, 167, 171, 179,
180, 182, 183, 184, 186, 187,
188, 195, 200, 205, 209, 212,
232 ; granted the church of
Dunkeld to Dunfermline, 209,
425, 444, 445.
Gilbert (St. Gilbert), 409, 423.
John ; his tongue and eyes torn
out, 409.
the Bishop to get id. for each in-
habited house in the Earldom,
409.
Bishopric, when founded ? 408.
Earls of, Harold, 366, 409 ; Harold
Ungi, 366 ; Magnus, 366.
Calang', 137, 398.
Calate, fishing of the, 348.
Calatria, boundaries of, 349.
Dufoter de, 86, 349.
Calchou, Liber de, 275. See Kelso.
Caldecote, 353.
Calder Clere, 429.
Calder Comitis, 184, 429.
Callendar (Kalentyr, Kalenter), tithe
of the King's pleas in, granted to
the Abbey of Stirling, 189, 433.
saltpan in, granted to Newbattle,
114, 380.
Calentyre, Patrick, forfeited, temp.
David II., 349.
Cambridge, Library of Trinity Col-
lege, 249.
Public Library, 219.
Cambrun, 432.
Cambuskenneth, grant to St. Mary's,
Stirling, of the land of Cambus-
kenneth and other lands and
rights, 140, 400-401.
the Abbey founded, 400-401.
Bull of Pope Eugenius III., 141,
401.
grant of Ketlistoun, 164, 415.
the canons to be free from toll and
custom, 172, 419.
grant to, of the church of Clack-
mannan, and tithes and tofts,
189, 433-
land of, 140, 142, 400, 401.
see also Stirling, Abbey and
Church.
Cambuskinel, no, 378.
Camcachecheyn, 46, 301.
Camcar, 46, 301.
Camera, Hugo de, 213.
Radulf de, 440.
Camera regis, 118, 385, 405.
;£io from, for lighting the church
of Holyrood, 1 1 8.
10 marks from, to Alex, de St.
Martin, 150.
Camerarius. See Chamberlain.
Camh, 320.
Camlachie, 301.
Campania, Nicolas de, 421.
Sir Ralph de, 421.
Campbells of Glenorchy, 295.
Can (Cana, Chan), 26, 59, 60, 62, 8 1,
96, 125, 163, 170, 171, 205,
, 322, 344, 362, 386, 442.
of Argyll, 205, 386, 442.
of Bladebolg, etc., 125.
of Carrick, 96.
of Clackmannan, 81, 170.
of Cunningham, 96.
of Dunfermline, 62.
of Fife and Fothrif, 81.
of Galloway, 27.
of Kentyr, 386.
of Kyle, 96^
of Strathgryfe, 96.
of a ship, 43, 62, 89, 104, 117, 128,
140, 142, 201, 296, 372, 385,
393> 401-
grants of freedom from can, 131,
394-
Canan, Clan, Toisech, 3, 226.
Candida Casa, 3, 226, 227.
Bishop, I, 421.
INDEX
463
Candida Casa — continued.
Gilla Aldan, Bishop elect, letter
to, from Pope Honorius II., 53,
314 ; profession by, 54, 314.
Bishopric restored by Fergus of
Galloway, 362.
Candles, 10 handfuls of, 287.
Canones, 10, 240.
Canongate, Burgh of, 386.
Canonization, 381.
Canons regular, 29, 124, 129, 144,
151, 187, 188, 210, 400, 401.
Canterbury, Archbishop of, Anselm,
20, 260, 305.
Lanfranc, 7, 236, 237.
Ralph, 288 ; letters from, to Alex-
ander I., 31, 34, 38, 288, 289,
290, 291 ; letters from Alexander
I. to, 30, 33, 288, 290 ; went to
Rome in 1125, 268; his life,
264, 288 ; death, 291.
Theobald, 393.
Thomas a Becket, de Moreville one
of his murderers, 274.
William, 352.
monks from, sent to Dunfermline,
324-
Capgrave, Nova Legenda, 300.
Caraile. See Crail.
Carberry (Crefbarrin) granted to Dun-
fermline, 121, 168, 389.
Carcleuin, 46, 301.
Cardinals attesting Papal Bulls, 130,
143, 145, 393, 402.
Cardinal, John de Crema, 49, 268,
310; at Roxburgh, 310; holds
a Council in London, 310 ; his
misconduct and disgrace, 310.
Cardowan, 301.
Carduill, 49, 308.
Carectae in nemore, 52, 312.
Carel, Carelsira. See Crail.
Carham, 398.
Church of, 339.
Carl, 18, 257.
Carlisle, 49, 197, 308, 351, 352, 361,
363, 373, 414, 438.
charters granted at, 95, 107, 163.
Provincial Council of Scottish
bishops at, 269.
fortified by Henry I., 308.
taken by King David in 1136,
351, 352.
given to Henry, the king's son,
A.D. 1136, 351.
possessed of the Scottish king A.D.
1139-1157, 362.
King David died at, 450.
Carlisle — continued.
Bishop of, Adelwaldus, 112, 113,
197, 269, 329, 332.
Prior of, Walter, 438 ; Priory, 356.
Carlton, Great, 361.
Carmyle, 302.
Carnethyn, 46, 302.
Carntyne, 302.
Carnwath, 302, 309.
Carr's History of Coldingham, 253.
Carratae de busche, 118.
Carrick, 96, 362 ; Earl of, 238,
239-
Carriden (Caredyn, Karreden), the
church granted to Holyrood, 165,
416 ; land in, given to Jedburgh,
408 ; granted to W. de Veteri
Ponte, 410.
Carruca, 17, 257.
Carrucata, 25, 26, 27, 29, 46, 58, 69,
74, 75, 99, I", 138, 151, 153,
J57> 159. 161, 165, 176, 178,
193, 202, 203, 204, 257, 287,
448.
Carrucate, extent of a, 257, 287.
Carsach, saltpan in, 122, 158, 389.
Carse of Stirling, saltpan in, 122,
389.
Cart, River, 362.
Caruil, 46, 302.
Cass, Roger, and his wife, 74, 336.
of Monkton Hall, 335.
Castdouenald (Gastduvenold), 125,
127, 392.
Castella, in Ross, 333.
Castello, Richard de, 1 12, 379.
Castellum, in Annandale, 49, 308.
Castellum de Culchet, 106, 374.
Castellum Puellarum, 112, 113, 123,
146, 204, 379, 403, 442.
William, abbot of, 204, 442.
Castle of Edinburgh, 116. See Edin-
burgh ; Roxburgh. See Rox-
burgh.
Castles
"excepta custodia castellorum meo-
rum," 308.
liability to work on, 333, 334.
exemption from the liability, 70,
Castle of Maidens, 403.
Castletown in Liddlesdale, 309.
Castrensis Provincia, 52, 168, 313,
417.
Catechumeni, how anointed, 332.
Cathal, 2, 224.
father of Maelbrigte, 2.
son of Morcunt, 2.
464
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Cathan, senex, 67.
Cathelai (Chathelach, Kathlac)
granted to the Priory of St.
Andrews, 448.
Cavers granted to Jedburgh, 408.
Caynes (Chanin), Guido de, 47, 52,
312.
Cecilia, wife of William Meschin,
mother of Alice de Romelie,
charter by, 272.
daughter of William Fitz Duncan,
her marriage, 273.
Cell, Lesmhagow a, of the Abbey of
Kelso, 135.
Wetheral a cell of York, 361.
Cellach, son of Baireda Mormaer, 223.
son of Findgaine, mormaer of
Alban, 223.
Cellula of the Keledei of St. Serf, 4.
Cementarius (Cymentarius) (an engi-
neer or mason), 157? 3^9-
Cemetery at Culros dedicated by St.
Serf, 229.
at Dryburgh consecrated, 420.
of St. Cuthbertat Norham, 13, 248.
on the isle of May, 387.
Cenef, 405.
Cenel Fergusa, 223.
Census, from a burgh, 276.
Berwick, 27, 157, 276; Roxburgh,
27, 157; Stirling, 71, 334.
Chalders, 157, 397, 411
Chalmers, Caledonia, quoted, 224,
240, 241, 309, 320, 322, 381,
384 ; denied the genuineness of
King Duncan's charter, 241 ;
statement regarding the Setons,
424.
Chamberlain, camerarius, 386.
Adam, 28, 310.
Edmund, 49, 309, 310, 450.
Herbert, 56, 72, 80, 86 (three
times), 91, 95, 97, 100 (bis), 1 06,
107, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124,
129, 134, 138, 139, 140, 141,
147, 171, 173, 179, 182, 183,
195, 201, 212, 213, 310, 317,
344, 357, 390.
Robert, 201.
Philip, 82, 344.
of the Bishop of St. Andrews, 60.
Chancellor, unnamed, 65.
Edward, 114, 115, 119, 120, 121,
122, 124, 131, 136, 138, 140,
141, 380, 386, 390, 401.
Herbert, the, 42, 43, 44, 51, 52,
53, 55, 56, 58, 63, 73, 77, 78,
82, 85, 88, 137, 295, 386.
Chancellor — continued.
was John, Bishop of Glasgow, ever
Chancellor? 74, 336.
Jordanus, 106, 107, 374, 380.
Walter de Bidun, 148, 150, 159,
162, 163, 164, 167, 171, 179,
181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 187,
188, 189, 194, 201, 380, 428,
430.
William Cumyn, 85, 87, 89, 91,
94, 96, 101, 108, 349, 357, 360,
366-370, 377 ; note on his life,
349-
Channelkirk, 252, 420.
Chantry, 423 ; on Fidra, 329.
Chapels, 116, 146, 152,172,360,383.
Chapel, relations between, and the
mother church, 360, 403, 420,
449-
Charters, none before A.D. 1093,
418 ; style of, 281.
Chanin (Caynes), Guido de, 47, 52,
312.
Chartres, in France, 372.
Chedher male, 10.
Cheese, 27, 141, 232, 287, 400.
Chefcarneuat, 46, 302.
Chegho, Chelgho. See Kelso.
Chellin, Sira de, Thein de. See
Kelly.
Chenrimuntensis, 289. (Kilrimont, St.
Andrews. )
Cheril, Sira de. See Crail.
Chester, Constable of, 309.
Earl of Hugh, 308 ; Ranulf, 352;
opposed to Earl Henry ; siege
of Lincoln, 363, 367, 373.
Chethec, 209, 445.
Chiam Conaire, 227.
Childeskirk (Channelkirk), 252.
Chinemonie (Chinemond, Kinna-
mone), 125, 127, 392.
Chingor, charter granted at, 88,
354-
Chingoth, 427.
Chinross (Kinross, Clinros), 172, 201.
Chirnside, 12, 14, 15, 248, 413.
Chonnane, Scotice for Salinagium, 5.
Christiana, wife of Gervase Ridel,
408.
Christina, daughter of Merleswain,
wife of Edwin of Monorgrunt,
238.
Christmas, dinner to a hundred every,
2, 225.
Chronicon Cumbriae, 271.
Chronicon Elegiacum, 261.
Chronicon Pictorum, 233, 245.
INDEX
465
Chronicles of the Picts and Scots,
223, 225, 228, 229, 230, 244, 245,
261, 262, 350.
Chudreme (Cudermi, Cudthrom), 10,
141, 400; meaning of the word,
240.
Chul. See Kyle.
Chulch . . . , charter granted at, 105,
374-
Church, Scottish, liberty given to, by
King Grig, 225.
reforms desired by Queen Mar-
garet, 236.
whether it was subject to the Arch-
bishop of York as Metropolitan,
39, 40, 41, 49, Si, 236.
Churchyard, 403.
Chynbrygham, 12, 14, 248.
Cinaed, father of King Malcolm II., 2.
Cinnedig, father of Cormac, 3.
Cistercians, 223, 224, 340, 341, 375,
376, 377, 379, 437-
Citaux, Abbey of, 375.
Clackmannan, 388.
a toft in, granted to the Priory of
St. Andrews, 201, 440.
charters granted at, 201, 213.
church and church land, granted to
the Abbey of Stirling, 189, 433.
nemus, right to take wood from,
granted to Holyrood, 118; to
the Priory of May, 121, 388 ;
to the Priory of St. Andrews,
15 1 > 392 ; to the Abbey of Cam-
buskenneth, 121, 388.
Gilleserfis of, 120, 388.
Sheriff of, 151, 406.
tithe of the King's can, granted to
Dunfermline, 82, 344.
Clairvaulx, Bernard, abbot of, 340,
344-
Clamor, "ut clamorem inde non
audiam," 51, 170.
Clan Canan, toisech of, 3, 226.
Clan Morguinn, 84, 347, 348.
toisech of, 84.
Clann Considhe, 330.
Clan Quhele, 295.
Clare, Richard FitzGilbert de, 353.
Clat, Schira de, 89, 355-
Claustura Burgi, 200, 439.
Clavini (of meal), 287.
Cleon granted to Scone, 29, 287.
Clerchetune. See Clerkingtoun.
Clere, Radulf, 429.
Cleric, Gamel the, and his two sons,
408.
Clerici de Der, 425.
Clerici qui juraverunt super finibus
villae, 67.
Clerici quam laici. See Laymen.
Clerkingtoun, 101, 102, 103,370,371.
"Cliens meus," 200, 439; " clientes
domus de Mai," 163.
Cliftons, the two, 318, 437.
Clinton, Geoffrey de, 350.
Clitheroe, Battle of, 271-272, 358, 361.
Cloch in tiprat, I.
Cloch pette mic Garnait, I.
Closeburn, 414.
Clova (Cloueth), Church of, 5, 230.
Cluantarp, Battle of, 223.
Cluni, charter granted at, 104, 372.
Cluniac monks, 305.
Priory, St. Andrew's, Northampton,
311.
Clyde, River, 162, 413, 414.
Cnapadene, 1 8, 24, 258.
Cnolle, granted by King Duncan II.
to St. Cuthbert, 10, 242.
Cnut, King, laws of, 316.
Carl's son, 18, 257.
Coal, 325, 416.
Cockburn of Langton, 410.
Cockburnspath, 1 1 8, 253.
Cocker and .Derwent, land between,
318, 437.
Cocquet, River, 438.
Cocus, William, toft of, 396.
Coigny, 322.
Coinceriis, Roger de, miles, 369. See
Coyneres.
Coinmedha, 322.
Colbanus, 23, 25, 28, 270, 271, 278.
mormaer of Buchan, and Eva his
wife, 84, 347, 427.
father of Meieuin, 171.
Coldanis, 303.
Coldingham, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 54,
55, 139, 140, 190, 248, 251, 252,
253, 254, 256, 269.
granted by King Edgar to the
monks of St. Cuthbert, 12, 14,
16, 17, 18.
charter of, by King David to the
monks of St. Cuthbert, 54, 314.
Church of, 60, 72, 73, 93, 100, 139,
322, 346, 351, 399, 400.
dedication of the Church to St.
Mary, 17, 256.
Edward the monk of, 386, 387.
monks of, 173, 190.
prior of, H., 147 ; S., 184.
priory, 251, 343, 399, 449-
its rights in Ercheldune, 449.
shire, 17, 253, 257.
2G
466
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Coldsteill, 387.
Coldstream, 323.
Colehtaun, 46, 303.
Coleres (dog collars ?), 200.
Coleville, Philip de, 441.
Thomas de, 441.
Collectanea de Rebus Albanicis, 223,
273-
Collegiate Church, 383.
Colling (Collyne), granted to the
Church of Stirling, 140, 142,
400, 401.
Coludi Urbs, 252, 254.
Columcille, i, 2, 3, 77, 78, 84, 221.
See Saint Columba.
Colvilles of Heton, 440.
Combat, judicial, 255, 297, 298. See
Duellum.
Comes, Beth, 30, 44, 283, 284.
Constantine. See Fife, Earl of.
Dufagan, 30, 223, 285.
Duncan. See Fife, Earl of.
Duneth, 152.
Ed, 63, 326.
Gartnach, 30.
Gillemichel. See Fife, Earl of.
Heth, 30, 284, 326.
Madach, 30, 284, 326.
Madeth, 63.
Malise, 63, 326.
Mallus, 30, 44, 284.
Rothri, 30, 63, 284, 326.
See Strathern.
Comgeall, son of /Ed, 2, 224.
Comgell, 3.
son of Caennech, toisech of Clan
Canan, 3, 226.
Comites, charters addressed to, passim.
Competitor for the crown, De Sules,
309-
Comprormssum, fuit, in tres viros
legales et idoneos, 67.
Compurgators, 331.
Comyn, Richard, who married Hex-
tilda, 349.
Conaili Mac Comgaill, King of Dal-
riada, 222.
Conan III., Duke of Bretagne, 378.
Conchat rex, n, 243,
"Concil." reference to Haddan and
Stubbs's "Councils."
Confessor, Cuthbert, 16.
St. Moldrust, 234.
King Edward the, 239.
Conrad de Suburra, Cardinal, 130^
393-
Consecration of the Bishops of St.
Andrews of old by the Pope or
Consecration — continued.
by the Archbishop of Canter-
bury, 22.
of Turgot, Bishop of St. Andrews,
264.
of Eadmer, Bishop of St. Andrews,
32, 289, 290.
of Scottish Bishops by the Arch-
bishop of York, 39-40.
of Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
63, 327.
of the Bishop of Durham, 367.
of Herbert, Bishop of Glasgow,
401.
of John, Bishop of Glasgow, 267,
343-
of the Church of Dunfermline, 323.
of the Church of Glasgow, 348-
349-
of Church of Markinch, 234.
Constable, Edward the, 30, 44, 74,
77, 83, 98, 102, 128, 186, 201,
285, 379, 430.
Gilbert, 450.
Hugh de Moreville, in, 147, 173;
R. de Moreville, 160, 162, 180,
191, 192 ; W. de Moreville,
303-
Constantine, 70, 334.
Earl of Fife. See Fife.
son of Adam, son of Edulf, 303.
Constantinus, Macdufe, 13, 245.
of Lochor, 324.
Consul, 33, 80, 343.
Convectum (Conveth), 59, 60, 322.
Conversatio (Conversantes), 445.
Copeland, William, Lord of, 437.
Copeland, charter addressed to the
men of, 150, 405.
Cor, a stream, 302.
Corbet, Robert, 28, 42, 47, 50, 63,
69, 77, 82, 277.
Corbrig', 200, 439.
Cork, Bishop of, St. Bar, 366.
Connac, abbot of Turbruaid, 84,
181, 347, 426.
Bishop of Dunkeld, 30, 44, 63, 78,
283.
father of Gillichrist, 78.
son of Cinnedig, 3.
son of Macbeth, n, 249.
Corneford, Ilgerus de, 13, 249.
Corody (Conredium), 139, 399, 400.
Corrie, parish of, 308.
Cosgrach, I.
Cospatric. See Gospatric.
Cottarii, 259.
Cottons of Exton, 321.
INDEX
467
Council, at which Queen Margaret
tried to convince Scottish clergy
of their errors, 237.
Provincial Council of Scottish
Bishops, 269.
at Roxburgh, 310.
Counsylth, near Basingwerk, 309.
Courson, Aurelien de, 229.
Court of an Abbey, 43, 62, 83, 169,
297, 386, 415.
of the Abbey of Dunfermline at
Musselburgh, 325.
Holyrood Abbey to have as free a
Court as that of the Bishop of
St. Andrews, the abbot of Dun-
fermline, the abbot of Kelso, 119.
of the Priory of Coldingham held
at Ayton, 255.
of the Priory of Scone, 297.
appeal from, 432.
si abbas in curia sua aliqua negli-
gentia de justitia deciderit, 62,
141, 169.
baronial, 384.
of a Bishop, 386, 432.
King's, 62; 326.
Sheriff of Perth claimed jurisdic-
tion on the land of the Church
of Dunkeld. Claim dismissed,
4I5> 445-
Cousland, Chapel of, 206, 443.
Cowie in St. Ninians, 140-142, 400,
401.
Coyneres (Coinceriis), Roger, 65, 328,
329-
Crachoctre, 73, 325.
Craggade Treuenlene, 158, 382.
Craggenmarf, 118, 258.
Craigmillar, 74, 336.
Crailing, 151, 152, 153, 309, 407,
408.
Crail (Caraile, Carel, Carelsira), 166,
194, 405, 416, 436.
Cramsmouth, 13, 14, 15, 17, 55, 253,
2.55-
Cranlintune, 99, 365.
Cranston, Church of, 420.
Crawford's Officers of State, 431.
Crectune, Turstanus de, 119, 386.
Crefbarrin. See Carberry.
Crema, John of, Cardinal, 49, 268,
310.
Crichton, Sir William de, 325.
Crin, father of Gospatric and of Aldan,
90.
Crinan, abbot of Dunkeld, 243, 244.
married a daughter of King Mal-
colm II., 244.
Crisma et oleum, 156, 332.
Croc, 99, 365.
Crochin, 286.
Croeb, sons of, 223.
Cromseth (Cromseche), 152, 153.
Cross, festival of the finding of the,
399 ; of the exaltation of the,
383-
charter verified " impressione
dominicae crucis," 126; "crucis
signo," 126, 392.
the four crosses of Lesmahagow,
399-
of Torphin, 383.
Crossinemara (Crossanesmer), 27, 157,
275-
Crostorphin, Chapel of, granted to
Holyrood by Norman, Sheriff of
Berwick, 75, 115, 116, 336, 383.
Crown, seal of Edgar, " sedens cum
parva corona," 13.
pleas of the, 308.
Croxton, Lord of, 375.
Croyland, Wold, abbot of, 64, 327.
Crucifix, given to Dumfermline by
Queen Margaret, 238.
to the Church of St. Andrews, 235.
Crusades, the, 140, 266, 330, 372,
399-
Cudermi of cheese, 400, 401.
Culchet, Novum Castellum de, 106,
374-
Culdee cell, 233.
Culdees, 244, 245, 387, 391, 418.
See Keledei.
"Culdees," Dr. Reeves, quoted, 228,
233, 234, 239, 243, 259, 431,
445, 446.
Culeon, father of Maelcoluim, 2, 224.
Culi, son of Baten, 2, 224.
Cullerney Castle, 232, 233.
Culpeppers of Exton, 321.
Culquith, in Cumberland, 374.
Culros (Culenros), 228, 229.
Culvennan, Gilbert de, 437.
Cum, Gaelic for 'tene,' 'retine,' 320.
Cum or Cumal, a female slave, 320.
Cumarlawe, 320.
Cumberland, 49, 94, 106, 269, 301,
307, 308, 363, 375-
the Bishop of Glasgow exercises
episcopal functions in, 269-
lordship of, 308.
Randulf Meschin's land in, 307,
361.
Cumbrenses, 44, 45, 46.
Cumbrenses judices, 46, 304, 386.
Cumbrensis, David Princeps, 46.
468
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Cumbrensium ecclesia, 45.
Cumbri, 300.
Cumbria, regio inter Angliam et
Scotiam sita, 44, 46, 68, 96, 156,
262, 265, 299, 300, 362.
Bishop in, as contrasted with Scotia,
332.
the King's pleas 'per totam Cum-
briam,' 96.
was David an independent ruler
of? 262.
Cumerlache, Cumelach, 57, 58, 170,
3I9.
Cumherbe or Cumarherbe, 319.
Cummertrees, 303, 307.
Cumyn, Sir David, 381 ; John, 318;
Richard, to hold Alvertun, 370 ;
William (Chancellor), his attempt
to get the Bishopric of Durham,
366-370; William, husband of
the Countess of Buchan, 388.
Cunclut, 46, 301.
Cunningham (Cunegan, Ayrshire), 96,
273> 362, 374-
held by Hugh de Moreville, 273.
Cupar, Abbey, 286 ; had a house in
Perth, 319.
Cupar- Angus, 445.
Cupermaccultin, 209, 445.
Curia. See Court.
Cursus Apri, 391, 395, 432.
Custom, freedom from, granted to
the Priory of May, 394.
Cuthbert, the Dean, 395.
Dairsie, New Miln at, 391.
Dalfin. See Dolfin.
Dalginch, head place of the earldom
of Fife, 330.
Dalkeith, 42 acres in, granted to the
Abbey of Holyrood, 114, 123,
38l, 389-
Grahams of, 322.
Dalmayok (Dalmaik), 230.
Dalquongale, 221.
Dalriada, Conail, King of, 222.
tract on the Scots of, 225.
Dalriadic kings, pedigree of the, 330.
Dalrymple, Sir James, quoted, 238,
240, 283, 284, 286, 288, 424,
426.
Dalserf parish, 302.
Dalton parish, 307.
Dalyell, Mr. Graham, quoted, 319,329.
Danegeld, 273.
Danes destroyed St. Abb's nunnery,
252; burnedSt. Neot'sPriory,353.
Daniel, prior de Geddewrda, 93, 359.
Dapifer, 60, 175, 212, 406.
Date, wrong, in a charter, 399 ;
charters seldom dated, a few ex-
ceptions, 5, 91, 93, 126, 136,
140, 143, 174.
Dauyot, Schira de, granted to the
Bishopric of Aberdeen, 89, 355.
Daventry Priory, founded by Hugh
de Leicester, 305 ; dedicated to
St. Augustine, the monk, 305:
the benefactors to, 305 ; Earl
David's charter to, in alms, 47,
304-305.
charters to, by Robert Fitz Violi
and his son Simon, 320-321.
chartulary of, 304.
King David confirms the rights of,
51, 3I25 Earl Henry confirms his
father's charter, 87, 351.
capellanus de, 321.
Osbert, prior of, 320.
David, Earl, youngest son of King
Malcolm III., born circa A.D.
1080, 265 ; his early life, 372 ;
educated by John, afterwards
Bishop of Glasgow, 267 ; St.
Bernard his teacher and friend,
372, 451 ; residence at the Court
of Henry I., 265; Edgar's be-
quest to, 265, 451.
unwillingness of Alexander I. to
give the "portio," 307.
Princeps Cumbrensis, 46, 265 ; his
rights in Cumbria and in the south
of Scotland, 262, 265, 266, 276.
his rights in Swinton, 263.
sat as a judge, " Sciatis quod judi-
catum fuit ante me," 25.
founded the Abbey of Selkirk, 26,
275-
restoration of the Bishopric of Glas-
gow, 300.
Inquisitio ordered by, as to the lands
of the Church of Glasgow, 299.
granted loos, for the building of the
Church of Glasgow, 41, 293.
grant of land in Tottenham to
Roger the Archdeacon, his rights
in that manor, 48, 306.
friendship with Robert de Brus,
307 ; William de Sumerville, 309;
Berengarius Engaine, 309 ; Ran-
dulf de Sules, 309 ; Eustace Fitz
John, 308 ; Hugo de Moreville,
INDEX
469
David, Earl — continued.
his chaplains, 48, 277 ; his steward,
Robert Foliot, 307.
his marriage, 266; lived at Yard-
ley, 267, 312, 451.
his son Henry, 277 ; doubtful story
of the murder of an elder son,
243, 451-
charters to the Priory of Durham,
22, 23, 24, 25, 26 ; to Daventry,
47 ; confirms Robert de Brus's
grant of Karkarevil, 47, 305.
David I.
accession, 307.
letter to, from Pope Honorius III.,
49, 301.
met the Cardinal Legate at Rox-
burgh, A.D. 1125, 310.
in England in 1130, enquired into
a charge against de Clinton, 350.
present when the Bishop of St.
Andrews was consecrated, and
when the Bishop declared he had
no rights in Coldingham, 63, 64,
72, 327, 335-
defeat of Angus, Earl of Murray,
A.D. 1130, 350.
marched into England after the
death of Henry I. to support the
claim of the Empress ; Carlisle,
etc. , surrendered to him ; Stephen
marched north, 351.
terms of the peace of 1136 ; King
David went to Newcastle, 351,
352.
demanded the Earldom of Northum-
berland for his son Henry, 358.
a truce until Stephen's return, 358.
Feby., 1138, King David ravaged
Northumberland ; granted protec-
tion to Tynemouth priory, 358.
Battle of Clitheroe, June, 1138,
358, 36i.
siege of Norham, 358, 361.
Battle of the Standard, August,
1138, 361.
terms of peace, A.D. 1139, 361.
the King in England with the
Empress, A.D. 1141, 365, 368.
assisted his Chancellor, William
Comyn, in his attempt to seize
the Bishopric of Durham, 367.
at St. Andrews in 1144; endowed
the priory, 391.
defeat at, and escape from, Win-
chester with the assistance of
David Olifard, 368.
did he put William his "nepos " in
David I. — continued.
possession of Craven and Skip-
tun? 272.
his lordship in Lancashire, 373-
374; last years of his reign,
death of Earl Henry, death of the
King, 451-453-
charters by, to the Church and
Bishopric of Aberdeen, 89 ; con-
firmation of the boundary be-
tween Bonkyl and Coldingham,
73 ; charter to the Church of
Coldingham, 83, 86 ; confirma-
tions of Gospatric's grant of
Edrom and Nisbet, 92, 93, 139 ;
to Daventry, 51 ; mandate to the
Earl of Orkney to protect the
monks at Dornoch, 100; charters
to Dryburgh Abbey 177, 190,
I9I» I93> J95 5 to the Abbey of
Dunfermline, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57,
61, 65, 66, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74,
76, 81, 83, 84, 97, 1 10, 121,
164, 167, 181 ; to the Priory of
Durham, 54, 79 ; to the Church
and Bishopric of Glasgow, 82, 85,
95> 96, 178, 345 ; to the Church
of St. Mary in Haddington, 101 ;
to the Abbey of Holmcultram,
198; to Holyrood, 75, 77, 116,
122 ; to the Abbey of Jed worth
(Jedburgh), 151; to the Abbey
of Kelso, 122, 135, 138, (Great
Charter) 156, 185, 188, 207; to
the Priory of the Holy Trinity in
London, 78; to the Priory of
May, 120, 131, 148, 166, 186 ;
to the Abbey of Melrose, 107 ; to
the Abbey of Reading, 123, 163;
to the Monastery of St. Andrew
at Northampton, 50, 51, 51, 58;
declaration by the King regard-
ing the consecration of Robert,
Bishop of St. Andrews, 63;
charters to St. Andrews Church
and Priory, 56, 90, 93, 126, 132,
133, 151, I82> l83>. l87, 201,
212 ; to the Hospital of St.
Andrews, 134, 213; to the Church
of St. John in the Castle of Rox-
burgh, 69; to St. Bees, 150; to
the Church of St. Cuthbert,
Edinburgh, 59 ; to the Abbey of
Shrewsbury, 105, 106 ; to the
Abbey of Newbattle, no, in,
112, 113, 114. "5; to tne
Abbey of Stirling, 140, 164, 172,
189; to the Abbey of Tiron, 103;
470
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
David I. — continued.
to the Priory of Urquhart, 204 ;
to the Priory of Wetheral, 94,
106 ; to the Priory of Whitby,
204; to the Priory of Tyne-
mouth, 91.
charters to Robert de Brus, of
Annandale, 48, 162 ; to Alex-
ander de S. Martin, of Athel-
staneford, 149 ; to Walter de
Riddale, 179; to Andrew, Bishop
of Caithness, 179 ; to Edward,
monk of Coldingham, 119; to
Baldwin his cliens, 200 ; to
Nicholas the cleric, 161, 165 ; to
his miles Hernulf, 79; toArnulf,8o.
perambulated lands, 73, 112, 113.
his confessor Alwyn, 381.
his stewards Reginald de Bull, 312;
Malbride MacCongi, 328.
David, Earl, brother of Malcolm IV.
and of William the Lion, 306,
311,321, 378,405, 427.
David II., 324.
David, 13, 248.
Daviot, Schira de, granted to the
Bishopric of Aberdeen, 89, 355.
Davochs, 2, 84, 220 ; meaning of,
224, 347-
Dawic parish, 302.
Dean of the Merse, 410.
of Teviotdale, 412.
Dean (near Edinburgh), mill of, 118,
123, 389-
Deanery of Fife, 330.
of Fothrif, 330.
Decimae. See Tithes.
Dedication of the Churches of St.
Mary at Coldingham, 17, 256.
of Dunfermline, 181, 235, 346.
of Glasgow, 345, 348, 349.
of Newbattle, 381.
of Nithbren, 181.
of Scon, 29, 282.
at Yardley, 52, 312.
Dee and Spey, tithe of those who
live within, 355.
Deer, Book of, account of its dis-
covery and contents, 219.
extracts from the, I, 77, 78, 84,
180, 220, 337, 338, 346, 424.
Deer, Church or Monastery of, I,
1 80, 22O, 222, 223, 338, 424.
Cistercian monastery at, 223, 224.
clerics of, 180, 425.
Deer (stags and hinds), 27, 158.
Defence of the Kingdom, 62, 141,
326, 400.
Delerc, the, 2.
Demesne. See Dominium.
Dempster's Menologium, 230, 381.
Dene. See Dean.
Derched male, 10, 240.
Derestrete, 176, 421, 422.
Dergard, father of Brude, King of the
Picts, 4, 228.
Dernewic, Darnwick, 107, 109, 337,
376.
Derwent, 318.
Desertum, 19.
meaning of, 260.
Deur, Gaelic for a tear, 224.
Devel, Rich, de, 451.
Devil, appeared to abbot Ralph,
382.
Dextera Christi, 4.
Diaconus, Alcuinus, 3, 226.
Dickson, glovemaker in Perth, 287.
Dilsterhalle (Dylsterhall, Dilchestre),
12, 14, 15, 248.
" Dilectio vestra," Archbishop of
Canterbury addressed Alexander
I. as, 39.
Dinner for 100 every Christmas and
Easter, 225.
Diocese, territorial, unknown in the
Celtic period, 220.
Diratiocinatio, 22.
Dirationavere, 1 80, 320, 425.
Dirleton, 329.
Dirnanni mansurae, 321.
Distress, namum capere, 55, 56, 93,
97, 105, 119, 127, 169.
law of, 315-317, 364, 386,
Dobaci, 3.
Dodenstun, Richard de, 411.
Dodenvilla, Hugo de, 411.
Dodin of Dodingtoun, 411.
Dodington, Barton, 309, 408.
Dodinus of Berwick, 155, 410.
Dodsworth, MSS., 450.
Dodyn, 411.
Dolas, John, 405.
Dolfin, son of Alward, 318.
Dolfin, brother of Gospatric and of
Waldef, 27, 30, 46, 90, 318,
356, 359-
Dominium (Demesne), 27, 42, 53,
258, 293, 313, 403, 412.
Domnall, 2, 224.
father of Maelpeter, 78.
son of Eimin, Mormaer of Marr in
son of Girec, 2, 224.
son of Mac Dubbacin, 2, 225.
son of Ruadri, 2, 224.
INDEX
Domongart, Ferleginn of Turbruad,
78, 339-
Domus Elemosinarum at Turriff,
347-
Donald, King, n, 231, 241, 242,
243, 251.
his grand-daughter, Hextilda, 284,
349-
Donald, son of King Conchat, n.
Donald, Dunegal de Stranit, 49,
307-
Dunegal, father of Radulf and
Duunenald, 86.
Duuenald, son of Dunegal and
brother of Radulf, 186, 308.
Douinalde (Dovinald), nepos Leod,
67, 331-
Donatio, 16, 19, 26, 123, 128, 129.
Doncani, father of Agulfus, 13.
Doncaster, Earl Henry gets, 351.
Donchad, father of Gille Petair, 84.
father of Morgann, 84.
son of Mac Bethad, 2, 225.
Donecaneslaye, 405.
Donnachac, son of Sithig, chief of
Clan Morguinn, 84, 347.
Donum, 271.
Doomsday Book, Exeter, 254.
" Doomsday Book and Beyond "
quoted, 254, 270.
Dornoch, 100, 365, 366; no monastery
at, 366.
Douglas Baronage, 341.
Douglas, Archibald de, Abbot of
Dunfermline, 324.
Sir James de, 407.
Sir James, of Dalkeith, 382, 385.
Dovraeth, 322.
Dowden, Bishop, his opinion of
Mylne's book, 283.
Drayton, in Northamptonshire, 277.
Drem granted to Gospatric, 149, 150.
Drengs, 23, 25, 259, 267, 270, 271,
342 ; quotation from Dr. Mait-
land, 270.
Dreux, Joletta de, 407.
Driuesdale. See Dryfesdale.
Drogo Brevifactor, 272.
Drostan, St., I, 2, 3, 77, 78, 84,
220.
Drugetus, prior of Durham, 15. See
Turgot.
Drumbernin, 61, 168, 325.
Drumkarach (Drumckarach), 125,
127.
Drummelzier parish, 302.
Drumoak, 230.
Drumsac, 125, 127.
Drurys of Pitcorthy, 324.
Drust, King of the Britains, 227.
Drustice, a Princess, 227.
Dryburgh —
Abbey, founded by Hugh de More-
ville and his wife, 274, 419; its
rights in Ednam, 260.
benefactors to, ib.
canons went into residence, 420.
cemetery consecrated, 420.
charters to, by King David, 177,
190, 191, 193, 195, 436.
by Beatrix de Bello Campo, 178,
191.
by Hugo de Moreville (Church of
Worgis), 175; (land in New-
ton), 176.
by Richard de Moreville, 192.
by Robert, Bishop of St.
Andrews, 172.
by Earl Henry, 177, 192.
rights in Fidra and Elbotle, 329.
Dryfesdale, 46, 303, 308.
Dubni, son of Maelcolaim, 78.
Dubucan, filius Indrechtaig Mormair
Oengusa, 223.
Du Cange quoted, 220, 256, 330, 332,
359-
Duellum (examen duellii), 43, 116,
297, 298, 384.
Dufagan Comes, 30, 223, 285.
Dubhgall, of Seone, 330.
Dufgal, son of Mocche, 67, 330.
Dufoc, Vicecom. de Stirling, 164,
349.
Dufoter de Calatria, 86, 349.
Dufrothni (Duffertyn), 29, 287.
Duftah, sacerdos et abbas, 67, 331.
Dugdale, Monasticon, 271, 272, 306,
314, 343. 358, 36o, 361, 371,
450.
Dull, Abthainrie of, 223.
Dulmech, Church of, 5, 230.
Dunbar parish, 242.
Dunbar, Sir Archibald, quoted, 241,
262, 266, 282, 283, 284, 407;
opinion as to the extent ^of
Earl David's rule over Cumbria,
266.
A. de, 184.
earldom of, 356.
family of, 356.
Gospatric de, 92.
Dunbodeuin, Dumbodelin, 140, 142,
400, 401.
Duncan, 163.
Duncan I., 231.
his brother Maldred, 356.
472
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Duncan II., charter to St. Cuthbert,
10, 15, 61, 240-242, 247, 273.
grant to Dunfermline, 61, 168, 324.
his wife and children, 242, 253,318.
was he legitimate? 241, 271, 273.
Duncan son of Morgaind Mormaer,
223.
Duncan Comes (Earl of Fife), 9, 74,
80, 85, 93, 97, 102, 104, no,
III, 112, 114, I2O, 122, 123,
124, 128, 129, 141, 147, 150.
152, 163, 164, 167, 171, 179,
181, 182, 184, 186, 194, 201,
204, 212, 341, 450.
Dundas of Fingask, 287.
Dunech, 427.
Dunenald, brother of Radulf, son of
Dunegal, 86, 96.
Dundrennan, Abbey of, 362.
Duneth, Comes, 152.
Dunedin (Edinburgh), 403.
Dunsyre, laird of, 364.
Dunfermline, description of, 237.
charters granted at, 52, 53, 57, 58,
66, 82, 98, 121, 124, 167, 182, 243.
the King's Burgh of, 53, 61, 169,
237.
can sent to, 344.
Castle, 323.
Abbey, foundation of the, twelve
monks sent to, from Canterbury,
324 ; its connection with Had-
dington, 415 ; its rights in
Stirling and Stirlingshire, 313.
charters to, by David I., 52, 53,
55> 56, 57, 61, 65, 66, 69, 70,
71, 72, 74, 76, 81, 83, 84, 97,
no, 121, 164, 167, 181, 325,
386.
by the Bishop of Caithness,
209.
by the Bishop of St. An-
drews, 146, 205, 208.
Alexander I.'s gifts to, 61, 168,
262.
Edgar, King, gifts to, 61, 1 68.
Ethelred's gift to, 61, 168.
Malcolm III. and Queen Mar-
garet's gifts to, 61, 168, 235.
Sibilla, Queen, gift to, 61, 186.
building of the Monastery, 334.
abbots of, 72, 119, 138.
Archibald de Douglas, 324.
Gaufrid (two Gaufrids), 82, 94,
102, 120, 121, 124, 131, 141,
146, 152, 1 66, 1 86, 187, 403,
416, 447.
John, 232.
Dunfermline Abbey — continued.
Priory, 386.
priors of, Peter, 288.
Roger, 102, 371.
church, old, at, 8, 323, 426.
citra aquam, 61, 168, 325.
consecration of the first abbot,
323-
court of, at Musselburgh, 325.
granted Petheneach to the Priory
of Urquhart, 350, 364.
Duninad, 61, 325.
Dunkeld, Abbey of, 169, 244, 344,
418, 419.
abbots of, Duncan, 244 ; Crinan,
244; Ethelred, II, 244.
battle at, 244.
bishopric of, when founded, 262,
283.
Bishops of, Cormac, 44, 63, 76, 78,
283.
G., 184.
Gillebertus, 152.
Gregory, 83, 102, 141, 147, 164,
167, 171, 179, 180, 181, 182,
186, 187, 195, 210, 212, 419,
425-
Richard, 445.
connection between the Abbeys of
Dunkeld and Deer, 338.
history of the Church of, 209, 244,
409, 445.
Dunmernach, 209.
Dunnikier, 337.
Duns, Hug. de, 155, 410.
Duns, parish of, 410.
Durandus miles, 150.
Vicecomes, 101, 103, 370.
Durham, 101, 241.
Archdeacon, Ranulf, 366, 369.
Bishops of, 249, 292, 358.
Galfrid, 366, 367, 368, 370 ; his
death kept secret, body pre-
served in salt, 366.
Ranulf Flambard, 60, 64, 247-
248, 322, 327.
Walcher, 264.
William, 12, 13, 14, 15, 246,
247-249, 250, 369.
Bishopric of, Cumyn's attempt to
take, 349, 366-370.
Castle, 306, 367, 368.
Church of, 12, 251.
monks of, 15, 80, 1 66, 207,
366.
confirmation of the lands granted
by Gospatric de Dunbar,
92.
INDEX
473
Durham — contimted.
Priors of, Algar, 22, 60, 72, 257,
263, 335, 366.
Bertram III., 449.
Roger, 369.
Turgot, 13, 241, 261; died at, 261.
Rog., sub-Prior, 72, 335.
Priory, 72, 248, 254.
rights in the Chapel of Erchel-
dune, 449.
protection to the monks, by Earl
Henry, 98.
Registrum Primum, 246.
Treasury, charters in the Cathedral,
10, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21,
22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 54, 72, 73,
79-80, 83, 86, 90, 92, 93, 98,
99, 100, 119, 138, 139, 147, 174,
206, 214.
treaty of, A.D. 1139, 361, 373.
Uurnach, in Caithness, 100, 365.
Durstan's Well, 222.
Durward, 423, 427.
Dustan Fair at Deer, 222.
Duuenald. See Donald.
Eadgarus. See Edgar.
Eadiue, Osolf son of, 46, 108.
Eadmer, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 288,
289, 290, 291.
friend of Archbishop Anselm, 261.
Historia Novorum, 261.
Alexander I. requests that Eadmer
be Bishop of St. Andrews, 31,
288 ; request granted, 32, 288 ;
the Archbishop of Canterbury's
opinion of, 35 ; chosen Bishop of
St. Andrews, 261, 268, 288;
resigns the Bishopric, 33, 289 ;
letter to, by John, Bishop of
Glasgow, 261, 289; letter by,
to Alexander I. proposing to
return to Scotland, 35-38, 262,
291.
died A.D. 1123, 291.
Eadulf, Halden, son of, 46.
Eadward ^Etheling, 235.
Eadwulf, father of Udard vicecomes,
257, 258.
Ealdred, Earl, 257.
Earl, pleas of the, 48, 306.
Earlston (Ercheldune), Church of,
granted to Kelso Abbey, 215,
449 ; Chapel of, 449 ; charter
granted at, 108.
Earn, River, 390.
Earnulf, 10, 242.
Earth, a sod of, symbol of transfer
of land, 256.
East Calder, 429.
Easter, dinner to a 100 every, 2,
225 ; dues, 397.
Eucharist should be celebrated on,
236.
Eata, 252.
Eaton Socon, 353.
Ebba, sister of King Oswyn, founded
a nunnery near Coldingham, 252.
Eccles (Egglyge), parish church of,
146, 403.
Ecclesgreig, Abthainrie of, 223.
Ecmor (Admor), payments in kind
due by the land to the Priory
of Lochleven, 210, 445.
Ed. Comes, 63, 326.
Eddarun, 225.
Eddleston (Edulfstoun), 302, 303.
Ede, wife of Elwyn Rennere, 184, 429.
Eden, River, 375.
Edenhall, 406.
Ederham. See Edrom.
Edgar, King, 11, 13, 14, 19, 21, 23,
24, 25, 58, 61, 90, 107, 109, 139,
168, 170, 242, 246, 248, 250,
355, 399-
Anselm's character of, 20; Ailred's
character of, 262.
charters (spurious?) to the Church
and Bishop of Durham, of Ber-
wick, Greiden, etc. , and Cold-
ingham, 14, etc., 12, 246,
249.
revoked the gift of Berwick, 247.
charters to the monks of St.
Cuthbert granting Coldingham,
16-17; Swinton, 17; Paxton,
18; Fishwick, 18.
gifts to Dunfermline, 61, 168, 32.
to the Keledei of St. Serf, 19.
held Scotland "dono domini mei
Willelmi Anglorum Regis," 12.
his bequest to his brother David,
307.
note on his life, 251.
description of his seal, 13, 258.
Edgar Atheling (Aderling), 13, 248,
251-
Edheunanus, St., 229.
Edinburgh, Burgh, 53, 117, 385.
charters dated at, 9, 56, 77, ill,
114, 120, 121, 131, 149, 164,
185, 45°-
a land under the Castle granted to
St. Cuthbert's Church, 59, 321.
474
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Edinburgh — continued.
a mansio in, granted to Scone Priory,
29 ; mansura in, granted to Dun-
fermline Abbey, 1 68 ; toft in,
granted to Holyrood, 117, 385.
405. from the rents of, granted to
Holyrood, 117, 385.
Castle, Queen Margaret died at the,
251.
chapel of St. Margaret in, 235.
church of the Castle granted to
Holyrood, 75, 336,
mill, 118, 389; tithe of the mill
granted to Holyrood, 123.
Edington. See Edrington.
Ediue, father of Osolf, 46, 108.
Edmonston, Sir John de, 260.
Edmund Camerarius, 49, 309.
Edmund, son of Bonda, a serf, 317.
son of Einier, 103.
son of Forn, 178.
son of Malcolm III., 243, 247.
Ednam (^Ednaham), granted by
Thor Longus to the monks of
St. Cuthbert, 19, 25, 26, -259.
grant of land in, to Nicolas the
cleric, 161, 413.
King David granted a toft in, to the
Church of Coldingham, 86, 351 ;
granted rights in the mill and
moor to the Abbey of Kelso,
i 56- i 57-
Ednam and Newton, agreement re-
garding the Church of Ednam
and its Chapel of Newton, 173,
420.
Ednam, the priest of, 60, 323.
Ednemland, 303.
Edrington, 12, 13, 14, 15, 248, 253.
Edrom (Ederham), granted to Durham
by King Edgar, 12, 14, 15, 248 ;
granted by Earl Gospatric to the
monks of St. Cuthbert. Confir-
mations of the latter by the King,
Earl Henry, and Bishop of St.
Andrews, 90, 93, 99, 100, 139,
147, 174, 355, 356, 399, 404,
449-
Edulf, father of Liulf, 256.
son of Norman, 108.
son of Uctred, 303.
Edulfstoun. See Eddleston.
Edward, 104, 122, 372.
Edward the Confessor, King, 235,
239.
Edward I., 407.
Edward III., did he kill John of
Eltham ? 397.
Edward, father of Adam, 80.
Edward the Chancellor. See Chan-
cellor.
capellanus, 50, 69, 70.
the Constable. See Constable,
the monk of Coldingham, 119, 137,
386, 387, 398, 400.
praepositus comitis, 48, 306.
princeps militiae, 350.
son of Malcolm III., 12, 15, 239.
son of Siward, 63, 285, 327, 372.
Edwardsley (Edwordisley, Cadward-
isly), 152, 153, 408.
Edwinus Aldormann, 48.
Edyngaheym, 46, 303.
Egfrid, King, 252.
Eghe Omani, 13.
Egius, grandson of Gillemichel, Earl
of Fife, 233.
Eglisnamin, 125, 127.
Egremont, William of, son of William
Fitz Duncan, 273. Was he the
boy of Egremont ? ib.
Egremont, barony of, 406.
Egylysfeld, 318, 437.
Eiford, 37, 335.
Eighth part of the pleas. ' Octava
pars de omnibus placitis et
querelis meis," 62, 326.
octavum denarium de omnibus
placitis meis, 96, 362.
Eilaf, father of Orm, 108, 153,160.
son of Gospatric, 108.
Eilaues, father of Uhtred, 18, 258.
Eimin, father of Domnall, 223.
Einier, father of Edmond, 103.
Elan (Ellon), grant made at, 84, 348.
Elbotle, an old residence of the Scot-
tish kings, 329.
charters granted at, 65, 121.
Eldon (Eldune, ^Eldona), 27, 107,
109, 276, 377.
Election of Bishops of Abernethy,
245-
of Bishops of St. Andrews, 35, 36,
39, 144, 264, 288, 289, 291,
402.
of Archbishop of Canterbury, 264.
of Archbishop of York, 333.
of Bishop of Candida Casa, 53, 54.
of Bishop of Durham, 367, 368.
of Bishops of Glasgow, 45» 267, 3°°-
of Prior of Durham, 264.
of Prior of St. Andrews, 21 1, 446.
of Prior of Lesmahagow, 135, 136.
of a Prior of Urquhart, 205, 442.
Elemosina, grants "in elemosinam"
passim.
INDEX
475
Elemosina — contimied.
change of grants in feu, to grants
in elemosinam, 47, 51, 87, 30$,
312, 351
Elfstan, father of Osolf, 108.
Elgin, 2os. from the firma of the burgh
and fishings granted to the Priory
of Urquhart, 86, 205, 350, 442.
Ellon (Elan), grant at, 121, 348.
Elstaneford, 405.
Eltham, John of, 397.
Ely Monastery, 252, 353.
Embessy (Ambesia), Church and
Priory of, 272, 273.
Empress Maud, 365, 367, 368.
Enesburc. See Eynesbury.
Engaine (Ingaine), Berengarius, 47,
49, 55, 69, 73, 79, 309, 407,
408.
Ranulf, 274, 309.
William, 197.
Engelram, 306.
Engelranus, cancellarius comitis, 103,
147, 154, 159. iS6, 190, 197,
199, 364-
Engeranus clericus, 105.
Robert, son of, 272.
England, iocs, from, granted to Dun-
fermline Abbey, 61, 325, 326.
Kings of, feudal superiors over
Scotland, 12, 14, 15, 238, 239,
246.
Engleswoda (Forest), 197, 437.
Ercheldon(Ercheldune). See Earlston.
Eren, Pethenach juxta, 205, 442.
Eric Slagbrellis, 366.
Ernald, brother of the Sheriff of
Northumberland, 365.
Errogeil, 118, 386. See Argyll.
Erskine parish, 362.
Sir Robert, and his wife, 260, 388.
Erskines of Elbotle, 329.
Esbie, near Hoddam, 303.
Escemuth, 242.
Escheats, tithe of the king's, in Aber-
deen and Banff, 89, 355.
Eschetho, 180, 424.
d'Escures, Ralph, Archbishop of
Canterbury, 264.
Esk (Esch), River, Midlothian, ill.
Esk and Liddel (Dumfriesshire),
land between, granted to Jed-
burgh Abbey, 408.
Eskdale, 307, 414.
Espec, Walter, 78, 308, 339-34°- I
Estates of the realm, 384.
Estmundus clericus, 79, 341.
Elemosinarius, 108, 341.
Estrahanent (Annandale), 49, 307.
d'Estrivers (Trivers), Robert de, 308,
Esulf, Richard, son of, 272.
Etc, daughter of Gillemichel, 98,
338, 347-
Etdanin, 2.
Ethelred, son of Malcolm III., his
charter to the Keledei of Loch
Leven, II, 242, 243; another
version from Sibbald's collection,
243 ; grant by, to Dunfermline,
61, 168, 324; note on his life,
243, 244, 247.
Ethelreda (Ethreda), wife of Duncan
II., 242, 271, 318.
Ethelreda of Allerdale, 356.
Ethelreda, Queen of Egfrid, 252.
Ethelstan, father of Ulfehill, 108.
Ethelwald, Bishop of Carlisle, 380.
Eton, King William II. 's seal on a
deed at, 249.
Ettrick Pen, 413.
Eucharist should be celebrated on
Easter Day, 236.
Eugenius, monachus, 67.
Eummers (Coyneres), Roger de, 64,
328.
Eustachius films Johannis, 49, 64,
65> 89, 95, 101, 139, 200, 308,
399-
Eva, daughter of Garnait, wife of
Colbain Mormaer of Buchan, 84,
347, 427.
Eversate, 150, 405.
Ewaein Marescallus, 171, 182, 195,
427.
Examen duellii, 116, 298, 384.
Excambium, 79, 88, no, 123, 158,
161, 180.
Excellentia vestra, 31, 36, 38.
Excommunication, 367, 369.
Exercitus (sine onere), 6, 139, 179,
231, 232.
"libera ab omni servitio excepto
communi exercitu," 330, 232.
Episcopi, 67.
de Fyf, 67, 330.
Expeditio et exercitus, 232.
Exton (in Rutland), 58, 307, 321.
Extrinsecus forisfactum, 98.
Eyemouth, 253, 255.
Eyluertus, 13.
Eynesbury, granted to St. Neot's
Priory, 87, 88, 352, 353.
476
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Eyton, History of Shropshire quoted,
373-
Fair Maid of Perth quoted, 295.
Fairneyside, 255.
Faisinton, Roger, 272.
Faldum, a fold, 410.
Falkirk parish, 349.
Falleland (Falkland), a thanedom,
67, 330-
Farina, 10, 118.
"Farinam e^ frumentum, inter,"
411.
Farndun (Fardun, Fardon), 13, 14,
15. 17, 253, 255.
Farrer, Mr., "Pipe Rolls of Lanca-
shire," etc., quoted, 249, 257,
270, 373, 374-
Fast Castle, 254.
Fathenachten, 205, 442.
Fazeside, /Edmund de, 175.
Feacht (expeditio), 232.
Fenwick, Sir Roger, 407.
Feradach, son of Maelbhricin, 77.
Ferenderach, Malcolm of, 445.
Fergus de Galweia (Galloway), 85,
86, 96, 314, 362.
father of Uchtred, 86.
Fergusa, Cenel, 223.
Ferleighinn of Turbruad, Domongart,
7.8, 339-
Ferleighinn lector, 246.
Ferrarius, Robert, in, 112, 113, 379.
Ferrum et aqua, 297.
Ferrum et fossa, 43.
Ferrum, ordeal of, 299.
Ferry at Inverkeithing, 170.
Feudum, 51, 80, 155, 351.
change from, to "in elemosinam,"
87.
Feu-duty, a mark of silver, 85.
2 shillings, 87.
4d. from each virgate, 133.
2os. from Swinton, 80, 161.
Fidra, island of, 329.
Fife, province of, 223.
and Fotherif, 62, 66, 169, 170, 330,
344-
army (exercitus) of, 67, 330.
Earl of, 83, 243, 429.
Constantine, Earl of Fife, n,
63, 67, 76, 244, 245, 246, 318,
324, 337, 386.
Duncan, Earl of, 74, 93, 233,
234, 3i8, 359, 372, 397; his
sons, 234, 397. See Duncan
Comes.
Fife, Earl of — contimied.
Ethelred, II, 243.
Gillemichel, Earl of, 57, 70, 82,
119, 233, 318, 345, 386.
Gillemichel, Earl of, his son Hugh
and grandson Egius, 233, 318.
Macduff, Earl of, 245.
earldom of, 243, 244, 245, 425.
thane of, 244.
tithe of gold from, 65, 329.
tithe of the King's can, 82.
Fimboga, Gilbert, 86, 349, 430.
Finbar, 366.
Finboga, Arthur, 186, 349, 430.
Findahin (Findachin), 210, 446.
Findathin, Gamellus de, 214.
Findgaine, Cellach, son of, 223.
Findlaec mac Ruaidhri, Mormaer
Moreb, 223 ; father of Macbeth,
5, 223, 224, 231.
Finfans granted to the Priory of
Urquhart, 205, 442.
Fingall, Earl of, 431.
Fingask granted to Scon, 29, 287.
Fingune, father of Gillechrist, 3.
Finite (finivet mecum), 101, 103.
(finitum fuit), 99.
Firewood, 27, 52, 62, 306, 417.
Firmaburgi, 86, 88, 125, 127, 169,205.
Firmarii, 259.
Fish, right of the monks of May to
sell, 131, 394.
Fishings at Berwick, 27, 276, 392 ;
Tonsmahop, 408 ; Berewyk-
streem, 157.
in the Don, 89, 355.
at Fishwick, clearing away rocks,
83, 346.
in the Forth, 140, 400.
Halwarestelle, 120, 386, 387.
at Inveresk, 61, 325.
at Perth, 419.
at Roxburgh, 27, 157.
at Scypwel, 117, 385.
at Selkirk, 27.
a net in the Tay, 134, 287, 396.
in the Tyne called Bradyair, 365.
Fishwick (Fiskewic, Fiscwic, Fiswic),
12, 14, 15, 18, 55, 83, 87, 140,
190, 248, 258, 259.
Fiswic, Sain, sacerdos de, 87, 140.
Fitz Eustace, Richard, 309.
Fitz John, Eustace, 308, 399. _
Fitz Violi, family, pedigree, 320.
Richard, eldest son of Simon, 321.
Robert, 305, 320, 321.
Robert, a charter by, to Daventry
Priory, 320.
INDEX
477
Fitz Violi, family — contimied,
Simon, 321.
Thomas, 321.
Flaithbertach mac Murcertaigh Prin-
ceps Duincaillden, 244.
Flam, Baldwin, 186.
Flambard, Mainard the, 132, 133,
395-
Flandrensis, Peter, 395.
Fleeces, 27, 30, 158, 171.
Flodden, Battle of, 251.
Laird of Glenurchy, killed at, 295.
Florence III., Count of Holland,
378.
Fochabers (Fochoper), granted to
Priory of Urquhart, 205, 442.
Fodanus Episcopus. See Fothad.
Foet (Foeth) granted to Dunfermline,
61, 168, 325.
Fogo parish, 410.
Fogo (Fogghou), Gamel de, G. Dean
of, 155, 160, 410.
John, Dean of, 410.
Foliot, Robert, 89, 92, 101, 306, 307,
354, 355-
Forba or orba terra, 320.
Forbes, Bishop, Kalendar quoted,
222, 227, 229, 300.
Forda (Fordam), 75, 117, 336, 385.
Fordouin, 209, 445.
Fordun quoted, 237, 244-245, 247,
251.
Forest, Annandale, 162, 413.
near Caddesleya, 190, 194, 434.
Engleswoda, 437.
Pentlands and Moorfoot, 380.
Pettinain, 165, 416.
Selkirk, 108, 109, 413.
Swinewood, 17, 255.
Traquair, 108, 109.
Forestarii, 1 1 8.
Forfar, charters granted at, 5, 89,
ISO, 354-
Forgan, 427.
Forgrund (Foreground), Church of,
182.
Forgrundshire, 127, 392, 427.
Forisfactum, etc., 52, 82, 97, 106,
107, 131, 162, 163, 165, 199.
Forn, 30, 286.
" Fornax et incendium," 66.
Forrester, Adam, 383 ; Sir John, 383.
Forrests of Elbotle, 329.
Forth, 169.
fishing in, 140, 400.
and Tay, country between, 62,
328.
Forthreve, Earl of, 244.
Fortona, 150.
Fortrenn, Bishop of, 244.
Fortrose, 427.
Fossa, ordeal of, 299.
ferrum et fossa, 43.
fossa et furca, 299.
Fothad (Fodanus), Bishop of St.
Andrews, 4, 10, 142, 228, 229,
237, 240, 242 ; performed cere-
mony of marriage of Malcolm
and Margaret, 240; his copy of
the Gospels, 229.
Fotherins, 286.
Fotheros, 29, 287.
Fotheros juxta St. Andrews, 168,
418.
Fothrif, 9, 62, 65, 66, 82, 169, 170,
330, 344, 418.
deanery of, 330.
parochia de, 168, 418.
schira de, 9.
tithe of gold from, 65.
tithe of the King's can of, granted
to Dunfermline, 82.
Foulden, 255.
Fountains Abbey, 340.
Foxton, 305, 320.
churches of the Manor, 320.
Nicholaus, sacerdos de, 321.
Fowlis in Strathern, 230.
Fracturae navium, 14, 13, I7> 55>
255-
France, King of, 399.
Franchesia regalia, 15.
Franci, charters addressed to, 26,
47-48, 50, 59, 76, 79, 83, 87, 91,
94, loi, 102, 104, 107, 109, in,
112, 113, 122, 137, 138, 149,
154, IS5» l62, 177, 179, 181,
185, 191, 193. >95> J96, 204,
212.
Frebern, Robert, 85, 348.
Roger, 348.
of Lamberton, 348.
Freedom from toll and custom,
to the monks of May, 163 ; to
the canons of Stirling, 172 ; to
Dumfermline, 170.
Freeman, Norman Conquest quoted,
237, 247, 257.
French, 241, 413-
French charters, bad Latin in, 413-
Frendraught, 445.
Fresechin, Hug., son of, 186, 430.
Froben, edition of Alcuin, 226, 227.
Fruid, stream, 302.
Fulden (Fugeldene), 12, 14, 15,
248.
478
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Fugitivi (Cumerlache), 121, 170, 319,
320, 389-
Fulden, 248.
Furde (Forda), 385.
Furene, 2, 224.
Furness Abbey, 376, 453.
Fymber, 366.
G
G. E. C, Complete Peerage quoted,
284, 318, 338, 347, 426, 427, 439.
Gaelic, 221, 328, 337, 338, 346.
translation from the, in the Book of
Deer, I, 77, 78, 84.
Gala (Galche), the forest between, and
Leader, 108, 109, 377.
Galfrid, father of Robert, 1 50.
Galloway, Christianity in, 227.
Strathirewin in, 70, 334.
a tithe of the can of cheese from,
granted to Selkirk Abbey, 27,
276 ; to Kelso Abbey, 158.
Alan of, 303.
Fergus of, 85, 96, 314, 362.
Uchtred of, 356.
Gallowidenses, charters addressed to,
91, 95, 107, 162, 177, 193.
Galtuneschalech, granted to Melros
Abbey, 108, 109, 377.
Galtunesside, granted to Melros
Abbey, 1 08, 109, 377.
Gamel the cleric and his sons, 408.
Gant (Gaunt), Walter de, 64, 65, 328.
Garden, laird of, 313.
Gardinum regis, 59, 116.
Garioch, 355.
Garmeltun, 149.
Garnald, King, 245.
Garnkirk, 301.
Gartnach Comes, 30, 284, 285.
Gartnait, 77, 84, 337, 347.
son of Cainnech, 78.
Garuad Comes, 181, 427.
Gastduvenold, 127, 392.
Gatemilc, shire of, granted to Dun-
fermline by Alexander I., 61,
168, 325.
Gaufrid, clericus, 1 66.
brother of Gaufridde Percy, 203, 441.
Gavin, Mr., 410.
Geberon, edition of Anselm's Letters
quoted, 260.
Geld, 448.
Gellald, Schira de, granted to Dun-
fermline by King Edgar, 61, 168,
324-
port at, 324.
Geoffrey, son of Henry II., 378.
Gerdelai. See Yardley.
Gernun, Richard, 108, 437.
Ghgillcomded Mac Aed, 181.
Gierua, River (Yarrow ?), 27, 157,
275.
Giffard, Hugo, 208, 405.
William, 123, 124, 167, 317, 390,
405, 45°-
Gilandreas, dapifer, 175, 421.
Gilasp., Orme, son of, 152, 407.
Gilbert, Cardinal, titulo S. Marci,
130, 143, 145, 393, 402.
great-grandson of Gospatric, 437.
presbyter de Stitchel, 87, 351.
prior, 114, 380.
sheriff of Stirling, 86, 97, 364.
son of Makodi, 1 3.
Gilchrist Roch, a serf, son of Gilleth-
theny, 318.
Gilcolyn Slugepah, 64.
Gilise, father of Uctred, 405.
Gilla Aldan, Bishop of Candida Casci.
54, 3I4-
Gillacomgain, son of Maldbrigde.
mormaer of Moray, 223, 224.
Gillandreas Mac Suthen, a serf, 317.
Gillandres de Scona, 179.
Gillandris, son of Oggu, lor, 103.
Gillaodran (Gillandris), father of
Bishop Malduin, 233.
Gille, son of Boed, 46, 304.
son of Mercheh, 101.
Gillecalline, priest, 77-
Gillechrist, son of Cormac, 78.
son of Fingune, 3.
Gillecolaim, son of Muredach, J&.
Gillecolm (Gilcolm), Macktumpethin,
Mac chinbethine, 1 66, 171, 182,
195-
Gille Colman, 65.
Gillemichel Comes. See Fife.
Gillemichel, father of Etc, 78, 347.
Macduf, 63, 245, 318.
a serf, 317.
Gillemoreston, 302.
Gillendrias Mac Matni, 181.
Gillepatric Mac Impethin, 63, 327.
a serf, 56, 317.
Gille Petair, son of Donnchad, 84.
Gilleserfis of Clackmannan, 120,
388.
Gillesland (Gilsland), 304, 308.
Gillespic, a son of Dunegal of Stranit,
308.
Gillise, 119.
Gillocherus, Earl of Mar, 427.
Gillemichel, 28.
INDEX
479
Gilmory Gillendes, a serf, 318.
Girec, 2, 224.
Girth, Asylum, 397.
Giry, M., quoted, 260, 282.
Gisothon, 318, 437.
Gladsmuir, 360.
Glasgow, alleged meaning of the
name, 300.
Archdeacon of, 93, 364. See
Ascelinus.
Bishops— Herbert, Bishop (Elect),
141, 152, 154, 159, 160, 163,
181, 185, 202, 364, 400, 401,
413, 447 ; consecration, 401 ;
charter by, erecting Govan a
prebend of the Cathedral,
345-
Engelram, 364.
Josceline, 300, 364.
John, 23 (bis), 24, 25, 27, 41,
45, 52, 55, 57, 60, 63, 64,
65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73
(bis), 74, 76, 77, 79, 81, 82,
94, 102, 103, 104, 107, 108,
IIO, III, 112, 119, 121, 122,
123, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140,
151, 156, 157, 161, 289, 292,
293, 343, 372, 377, 397, 398,
400, 411 ; Bishop and Chan-
cellor, 74.
he educated Earl David ; ap-
pointed Bishop of Glasgow,
consecrated by Pope Paschal,
267 ; refused to recognise the
authority of the Archbishop
of York, 267.
disobeyed the Pope, 267.
letters from Pope Calixtus II.
to, 40, 41, 292, 293.
suspended for disobedience,
268 ; went to Rome, ib.
293 ; went to Jerusalem, 268 ;
returned to his diocese, 268 ;
went to Rome, 268; his
cause heard, 268 ; remained
at Rome for a winter; re-
turned to his diocese; con-
tinued disobedient, 268.
letters to, from Pope Innocent
II., 81, 343 ; exercised
Episcopal functions in Cum-
berland, 269 ; retired as a
monk to Tiron, 269.
ordered to return to his
diocese, 269 ; founded the
Priory of Jedburgh, 269.
his life, 267, 269, 400.
Anselm his nephew, 103.
Glasgow — continued.
Bishopric, extent of the Diocese,
44, 46, 269, 332, 363.
extended over the Cumbrian
region, 44.
charter dated at, 86.
Church of, Notitia of the history of,
and Inquisitio, 44, 46, 85, 293 ;
charters to the, by Earl David,
41, 293 ; by King David, 82,
85, 95, 96, 345, 348, 361,
362 ; by the Bishop of St.
Andrews, 185, 429 ; by the
Bishop of Glasgow, 345 ; by
Robert de Brus, 162, 414.
Green, 201.
Michael, 300.
Register, Bishopric of the, 265,
299.
Glass parish, 230.
Gledehus, in.
Glenholm parish, 302.
Glenu Eske, St. Drostan built a
church in, 221.
Gloucester, Robert, Earl of, 368.
Godardus, Matilda, wife of, 150, 405.
Godfrey the Sheriff, 373, 374.
Godson of King David, David Olifard,
397-
Godwin, camerarius of the Bishop of
St. Andrews, 60, 323.
dapifer 60, 323.
father of Robert, 247.
Gold, tithe of the gold in Fife and
Fothrif, 65, 329.
Goldingham (Coldingham), 254.
Goldewinus, 8, 236, 323.
Gordon, Chapel of, 449.
Gordon of Straloch quoted, 224.
Gort lie Mor, 3.
Goscelinus, presbyter, 174.
Gospatric (Cospatric), 23, 25, 149,
270, 271.
Earl of Northumberland, 242,271,
318, 356 ; his daughter Juliana,
451.
Earl, Gospatric de Dunbar (brother
of Dolfin), 30, 46, 82, 90, 92, 93,
98, 100, 101, 108, in, 119, 139,
147, 153, J59, 174, 284, 356, 359,
399, 400, 404 ; granted Edromand
Nesbit to the monks of St. Cuth-
bert, 90, 355, 4495 charters and
orders comfirming his grant of
Edrom and Nesbit, 92, 93, 100,
139, 147, 174, 359, 366, 399, 404,
420; killed at the battle of the
Standard, 355, 359- .
480
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Gospatric ( Cospatric) — continued.
Earl (son of Gospatric, the brother
of Dolfin), 90, 98, 108, in, 147,
159, 270, 365 ; mandate by Earl
Henry to him to respect the rights
of the monks in Edrom and
Nesbit granted by his father,
Earl Gospatric, 98.
father of Eilaf, 108.
father of Huctred, 108.
father of Simon, 272.
son of Alden (Aldene), 28, 46.
son of Crin, 90, 356.
son of Orm, 150, 197, 406, 437.
son of Uchtred, 46.
son of Waltheof, 30, 44, 93, 128,
186, 201, 285.
vicecomes, 28, 55, 69, 151, 278,
407, 408.
Goul granted to the Bishopric of
Aberdeen, 89, 355.
Govan, granted to the Church of
Glasgow, 82, 345.
islands between Govan and Partick,
345-
manor, 345.
Gowrie conspirators, 254.
lordship of, 261.
Graham family, 322.
Henry de, 322.
William de, 59, 93, 101, 103, 119,
1 86, 321, 370.
Grain and flour (bladum et farina),
license to the canons of St.
Andrews freely to buy for their
own use, 132, 394.
Grampian Club, 400, 401, 415, 419.
Grandmesnil, Robert, Comte de,
372.
Grange, Caddesleya a grange of Dry-
burgh, 420.
Cleon a grange of Scone, 287.
Gellald a grange of Dunfermline,
324-
Eldon and Darnwick, granges of
Melrose, 376.
Greenock, 362.
Gregory, Bishop, 30, 282. See Dun-
keld, Moray, Bishops of.
Gregorius, Diaconus Cardinalis S.
Angeli, 143, 145, 402.
Gregory, Cardinal, three Cardinals of
the name, 402.
elected Pope Innocent II., 344.
Greiden (Graiden, Miln Graden), 12,
14, 15, 248.
Grendon Church, Northamptonshire,
408.
Grenton scriptor, 10.
Gresmanni, 146, 403.
Gretna parish, 308.
Grig, King, 225.
Grimbal, Robert, 79, 341.
Grimbald (Grimbaud), 51, 52, 312.
Grudin granted to Scon priory, 29, 287.
Gruoch, Queen of Scots, 5, 231.
Gryfe, River, 362.
Gvalerenna (Gualera), capellanus, 75,
79, 341-
Gvalthelinus capellanus, 28.
Guido, Cardinal, Chancellor, 131, 143,
I45> 393, 402.
Guiseburn Abbey, 307.
Gullets, the, 245.
Gunilda (Guynold), wife of Uchtred
of Galloway, 318, 356.
Gurdie, 287.
Guthmundelay, 305, 320.
Gwarenne, Malcolm or William de,
215, 449-
Gylnertus films Duncani, 242, 248.
H
H. Magister. See Herbert, Magister.
Hadden rig, 398.
Haddan and Stubbs, "Councils and
Ecclesiastical Documents, Vol.
2" quoted very frequently as 2
ConciL
Haddington, bailies of, 415.
Burgh, villa, 80, 94, 101, 102, 103,
149, 164, 184, 208, 342, 371, 405.
charters granted at, 80, 94, 103,
342-
Church of St. Mary, 93, 94, 101,
102, 360, 370; granted to St.
Andrews, 94.
Clerkington granted to the Church
of St. Mary, 101.
mansura in, granted to Dunfermline,
168, 415.
three marks from the "firma" of,
granted to Dunfermline by
William the Lion, 415.
toft in, granted by Countess Ada
to Alexander de St. Martin, 405.
toft in, granted to the Church of
St. Andrews, 183, 428.
toft in, granted to the Abbey of
of Dunfermline, 164, 260, 415,
444-
toft in, granted to the Priory of
May, 186, 187, 43".
Haddingtonshire, 94, 101, 103, 208,
36o, 370-
INDEX
481
Hadryngton. See Edrington.
Hailes, Lord, quoted, 235, 241, 265,
269, 283, 284, 285, 294, 310.
his doubt as to the genuineness of
King Duncan's charter, 241.
his opinion as to Earl David's
share in the kingdom during
King Alexander's reign, 265.
Hales granted to Dunfermline by
Ethelred, 61, 168,206, 324, 325.
Easter and Wester, 325.
Haimon, Robert, son of, 14.
Halden, a serf, 317.
Halden filius Eadulf, 46, 304.
Halton, baron of, 309.
Halwarestelle, 120, 386, 387.
Halyburtons of Pitcur, 287.
Hamera, granted to Holyrood, 75,
H7, 336, 385-
Hamesl (Hamesel), Michael de, 51,
58, 311, 321.
Handcock, Mr., editor of Senchus
Mor, 315.
Hangre of Tottenham, 306.
Harbour of Eyemouth, 255.
at Gellald or Wester Rossyth, 324.
in the Isle of May, 394.
Hardy, Sir Thomas Duffus, 239.
Hardyng (Harding), John, his for-
geries, 239, 250.
Hardingestrorna (Hardingestrop), 27,
41, 42, 1585 276, 293, 408, 411.
Hardingstone, St. Edmund, 293.
Harold, Earl, the elder, 366.
Harold, Ungi, Earl of Caithness, 366.
Harthacnut, 257.
Hastings, Henry de, 306.
Hatherwick, 10, 242.
Hay, Father, 381-382.
Head Comes, 77.
Heir, grants to a man and his heir, 342.
Helias, clericus, 161.
the brother of Mr. Laurence, 147.
of Dunsyre, brother of Bishop Josce-
line, 364.
Helpus, cleric of the Bishop of
Glasgow, 345.
Hemming, 10, 242.
Henry I., 28, 45, 265, 267, 288, 289,
340, 372, 373, 375, 406.
consented to Eadmer being Bishop
of St. Andrews, 288, 289.
his thirteen illegitimate children,
294.
an illegitimate daughter, the wife
of King Alexander I., 28, 282;
another the wife of Fergus of
Galloway, 362.
Henry I. — continued.
marriage, 267 ; death, 351 ; buried
at Reading, 387.
laws of, 316.
Henry II., 437.
invasion by, of North Wales, 309 ;
his son Geoffrey, 378.
Henry VIII., 306.
Henry, Earl (the King's son, Earl
of Northumberland, King desig-
nate), 28, 55, 59, 68, 69, 79,
82, 85, 92, 98, 99, 100, 102, 104-,
107, 108, 109, 112, 113, 115, 124,
126, 128, 136, 138, 146, 147, 151,
152, 153, 154, 155, 158, 163, 167,
168, 177, 179, 185, 189, 198, 215,
277, 296, 306, 321, 355, 361, 365,
369, 393, 399, 403, 404, 408, 409,
410, 411, 449, 450, 451, 452,
t 453-
born about A.D. 1114, 277, 321.
assented to charters by the King,
his father, 79, 91, 92, 102, 116,
140, 167, 181.
charters by, to Beatrix de Bello
Campo, 1 54 ; to the Priory of
Brinkburn, 198, 199 ; to Colding-
ham, 98, loo, 147, 189; to the
Priory of Daventry, 87; Abbey
of Dryburgh, 177, 192; the
Priory of Durham, 98, 99, 138,
206 ; the Church of Haddington,
1 02 ; the Abbey of Holmcultram,
196; Priory of Jedburgh, 153;
Abbey of Kelso, 137, 155; Abbey
of Melros, 109; Abbey of New-
battle, 113; the Priory of New-
minster, 438 ; the Priory of
Northampton, 88; church at
Roxburgh, 159; St. Neots, 87,
88, 353 ; to St. Oswald's Priory,
282 ; the Abbey of Tiron, 104 ;
the Priory of Wetheral, 95.
the Earldom of Northampton
and the Honor of Huntingdon,
restored to Simon de St. Liz,
in 1136 got the Earldom of North-
ampton, the Honor of Hunting-
don, and Doncaster and Carlisle,
351.
with the army which ravaged
Northumberland, A.D. 1138,
did homage to King Stephen at
York, 331.
got the Earldom of Northumber-
land A.D., 1139, 352, 361-
2H
482
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Henry, Earl — contimted.
received by King Stephen ; the
Archbishop of Canterbury and
the Earl of Chester indignant,
352.
did not accompany the King to
London and Winchester in 1141,
365-
supported William Cumyn in his
attempt to be Bishop of Durham,
369-
went to England with his wife A.D.
1141. 363-
granted part of Tottenham to
Uctred de London, 306.
in his presence Swain renounced
claim to lands belonging to the
Church of Coldingham, 433.
mandate regarding Edrom and
Nesbit, 98.
marriage, 361, 378.
perambulated a land in 1148, 108.
proposal that the son of the Earl of
Chester should marry one of Earl
Henry's daughters, 373.
founded Holmcultram Abbey, circa
1150, 196, 437.
his death, 378, 450.
Henry, parson of Langtune, 155, 410.
priest of Leinhale, 60, 323.
son of Swain, 105, 108, 147, 150,
197, 374, 406.
son of Warinus, 49, 309.
Herbergare, 118, 254, 386.
Herbert. See Chamberlain, Chan-
cellor, Abbot of Kelso, Abbot
of Roxburgh, Abbot of Selkirk.
(H)., Magist., 68, 184, 206, 209,
211, 212, 214, 395, 444,447.
Herdwik, 353.
Hereditate paterna possidens, 12.
Hereditarie rex, 10.
in hereditate, 80.
Hereditario jure, 20.
Heremiti, 4, 9, 231, 243.
Heret. See Airth.
Hermer, 10, 242.
Hermitage on the island of Fidra, 329 ;
St. Hilda's, 437 ; on the isle of
May, 388.
Hernulf, miles, 79, 80, 342.
Hernwingeslawe, 408.
Heron, Jordan, 136, 1 86, 397, 430.
Odnellus, 15.
Heron family, 430.
Herries, Richard, 405 ; William, 95,
15°, 197, 361-
Herring (Allechtia), 385.
Hert and Hertness, in Skelton, 307.
Hertesheuede, 202.
Herziz, William de (clerical error), 361.
Hestoudesham. See Hexham.
Heth, Earl of Moray, 283.
Heton, 202, 203, 399, 440, 441.
Hexham, 439.
John of, quoted, 269, 270, 272, 361,
362, 363, 367, 368, 369, 373.
Richard of, quoted, 207, 351, 358,
443, 45°.
Hextilda, granddaughter of King
Donald, 284, 349.
Hidda, 85, 348.
Hide, an English, the same as a
" carrucata," 257.
Hided, father of Mac Bethad, 2.
Higham, Hundred of, 435.
Hilton, Hyltun, 12, 14, 15, 248.
Hinde, Mr., quoted, 278.
Hinhirkethy, 5, 231.
Hoct (Hocton), William de, 52, 312.
Hoctor Comon, 179, 423.
Hoddam (Hodelme), 46, 303, 307.
Hoedrintun. See Edrington.
Holland, Count of, 378.
Holmcultram, 2 parts of, 196.
Holmcultram Abbey, Foundation
Charter by Earl Henry, 196 ;
confirmation by King David,
198, 436-437, 438.
Register of the Abbey, 436.
Holy Island, 257.
Holyland, Halieland (North Durham),
120, 386.
Holyrood, 383.
Abbey, foundation of, 116.
abbot of, 68, 76, 141, 147, 385,
411.
Alwyn, abbot of Edinburgh, 113,
114, 115, 117, 147, 152, 158,
181, 186, 381, 430.
charters to, by King David, 75,
77, 116, 122, 336, 338, 383,
389; by the Bishop of St.
Andrews, 67, 74, 165, 331, 336,
416; by Thor, 175, 421; by
Leuing, confirmed, 67-68.
charters by Abbot Alwyn to the
Abbey of Newbattle, 114, 115,
381, 382.
Fergus of Galloway became a
canon in the Abbey, 362.
Osbert, prior of Edinburgh, 101,
103, 147, 149, 174, 186, 371.
William, abbot of Edinburgh,
183, 202, 204, 206, 211 (life),
428, 447.
INDEX
483
Holyroodhouse, John Lord, 385.
Holy Scriptures, abuses contrary to,
to be corrected, 237.
Holy Woman's Market, 295.
Homage, 373.
Malcolm Canmore to William the
Conqueror, 245.
forged charter of, by Malcolm III.,
238.
Henry, the King's son, to King
Stephen at York, 351.
Home, Earl of, 335.
Home of Elbotle, 329.
Homines, 16, 17, 24, 50, 70,89, 117,
170 ; dominici homines, 172,
305 ; grant " cum hominibus,"
18, 80.
grant of three men, "sicuti homines
meos proprios," 56.
Honor of Huntingdon, 266, 351, 353.
of Northumberland, 199.
Horford (Hereford), 12, 14, 15, 248.
Horm. See Orm.
Hornby, Lord of, 375.
Horndean (Horeudene, Horeuore-
dane), 18, 24, 258, 259.
Horse, Arab, Alex. I.'s, 256.
Horses, 270; tithe of equariae, 125.
untamed mares, silvestres equae,
170.
Hospital of St. Andrews, 125, 127,
134, 213, 392, 396.
of St. Leonard at St. Andrews, 395.
at Earlston, 215, 449.
at Ednam, 260.
at Forda, 117, 385.
at Lesmahagow, 135.
at Roxburgh, 138, 398.
for lepers at Aldcambus, 254.
land exempt from tithe, 449.
of Jerusalem, 395.
Hostage, 241, 361, 426, 450.
Hoton, 14, 15.
Hotton, Ogerus de, 51, 311.
Hoveden, quoted, 310.
Houghton St. Mary, Little, 312.
House, a penny to be paid for every
inhabited house in Orkney, 409.
Houstoun, 362.
Howard, Lord, 251.
Hubaldus, Cardinal, 143, 145, 402.
Huchterhinche, 423.
Huctred. See Uctred.
Hugo, canon of Daventry, 51, 312.
Cardinal, St. Laurence in Lucina,
145, 402.
clericus, 215.
the Constable. See de Moreville.
Hugo — continued.
decanus, 54, 65.
pauper, 353, 354.
presbyter, 374.
son of Fresechin, 186, 430.
Hugh, Vicecomes de Leycestria, 50,
52, 311, 312.
son of Gillemichel, Earl of Fife,
233-
Hulaueshou, 160.
Humbie, 325.
Hume Brown, opinion as to Earl
David's rule over Cumbria, 266.
Humet, Robert de, 13, 248.
Hunedune, 160.
Hungarian, St. Adrian a, 387.
Hunting, Malcolm de Moreville killed
while, 405.
penalties for hunting in a forest,
417.
Huntingdon, forty shillings from
the ' firma ' granted to St.
Andrews at Northampton, 88,
353-
charter dated at, 51, 87, 139.
grant to St. Neots of twenty
shillings from the mill of, 352.
Earl of, 392.
Siward, Earl of, 372.
Honor of, 266, 351, 352, 353;
Henry, the King's son, got the,
351 ; restored to Simon de St.
Liz, 352.
Earl of, David, 378.
Hurdmanni, 146, 403.
Hurhyndemuch, 240.
Hurhynderach, 240.
Hurkenedorath, Church of, 9, 240.
Hurwarderec, 240.
Husbandmen, 398.
Hutton, parish of, 248, 258, 308.
(Huton), 12, 248.
Hyngelrom clericus, 112.
I
I. (lona), I, 222.
Ilderton, Church of, 339.
Imago, " Ymago regis Edgari," on a
seal, 13.
"Sigillum meae Ymaginis," Alex.
ander I., 30.
Inch, fishing at the King's, 287.
Inchaffray Priory, of canons regular,
245, 318.
Liber de, 318.
Inchinnan parish, 362.
Inchethurfin, 209, 445.
4*4
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Incrementum, in parochiae incre-
mentum, 148, 376.
Indictio, 240.
Indulf, King, 229.
Indutiae, 41.
Inemannus, father of Ligulf, 248.
Infangethef, 55, 405.
Ingaine. See Engaine.
Ingell, Robert, son of, 47, 305.
Ingelleran. See Engelranus.
Chancellor of the Earl, 186.
Ingibiorg, widow of Earl Thorfin,
235, 235. 241, 271.
did she marry King Malcolm ? 241,
271.
wife of King Melkolf, 273.
Inisfallen, Chronicle of, 350.
Innes, Cosmo, quoted, 219, 220, 221,
224, 241, 255, 332, 354, 382, 385,
409, 413.
Inscription on a seal, "Thor me
mittit amico," 274.
Inquisitio per David Principem, 44,
301, 430.
Insula, Sta. Maria de, the church of,
199.
Insuper, II, 244.
Intrinsec and forinsec service, 202.
Inundation, 390.
Inveresk, 389.
Church of, 66, 168, 206, 329.
Major, 61, 168, 325.
Minor, 9, 61, 168, 324.
port of, right of Dunfermline Abbey
to a ship at the, 71, 334.
Invergowry, 29, 287.
Inverin, 120, 387, 388.
Inverinch, 427.
Inverkeithing, 5, 231 ; a mansio in,
granted to Scone, 29, 418.
chapel of, 206.
ferry, granted to Dunfermline
under conditions, 170, 418.
Inverleith, 75, 117, 336, 385.
Invocation, 12, 28, 61, 116, 140, 153,
167, 282.
lona, i, 222.
Church of, restored by Queen Mar-
garet, 235.
Ireland, 245 ; Columba "in Hibernia
conversans," 221.
legate to, 402.
Irish language, 221, 337, 338, 346,
347-
Irishmen's stone, 5, 231.
Isabella, daughter of Earl David, 321.
Isel, Walter de, 435.
Ishall, 374.
Island (Eilande), Holy, 17, 257.
Islands, between Govan and Partick,
345-
Island which lies between Pollemase
and Dunbodeuin, 141, 400.
Islandshire, 257.
Islands, Western, 386.
Ivo, Kelledeorum Abbas, 9, 238.
J
James I. of Scotland, 239.
James II., 389.
James V., 388.
James VI., 254.
Jarrow Monastery, 252, 264.
Jed, River, 152, 407.
Jedburgh (jedworth), charters granted
at, 105, 207.
Castle, 152, 153, 407.
Daniel, prior of, 93, 207, 359, 407.
Earl Henry's charter to, 153, 409.
Benefactors, 408.
Gervase Ridel became a monk in,
408.
King David's charter to, 151, 406.
mill, 152, 153.
Old, 408.
Osbert (Osbern), prior of, 113,
141, 147, 148, 149, 174, 175.
183, 188, 202, 211, 214, 450.
Priory, 151, 153, 309, 406-407,
409.
founded by the Bishop of
Glasgow, 269.
prior of Jeddewrd, 207.
a toft in the burgh granted to the
Abbey, 408.
the two, 151, 152, 407.
Jerdelai, 312. See Yardley.
Jerusalem, 399.
Bishop John went to and returned
from, 46, 268, 299.
Brethren of the Temple of the Lord
at, 213.
Hospital of, 395.
patriarch of, 268.
pilgrimage to, 366.
John, King of England, 374.
brother of the Sheriff of Northum-
berland, 365.
Cardinal, Sanctae Mariae Novae,
402.
chaplain (Roxburgh), 90, 136, 189,
193, 194, 195, 356.
Chancellor of the Bishop, 211.
cleric of the Bishop of St. David's,
374-
INDEX
485
John — continued,
of Crema, Cardinal and Legate, 49,
268.
nephew of the Bishop, 184, 209-
212, 214, 397, 447.
priest of Lidgardeswood, 60, 323.
Johnston, parish of, 308.
Jordan Cancellarius, 106, 107, 374,
380.
capellanus, 100.
clericus, 95, 108.
son of Robert Fitz Violi, 321.
Judex, 57, 67, 318 ; magnus in Scotia,
67,246.
the King's, of the province of Fife,
83-
" judex meus," 83, 346.
Judices Cumbrenses, 46, 386.
Judith, Countess, 266, 306, 353,
435-
" Juraverunt," 304, 425.
Jure, King de, 247.
Jus parochialis, 148, 149.
Justiciar north of the Forth, 326.
Justicia regalis, 62, 169, 326.
Justiciarii, charters addressed to, 86,
94, 104, 105, 106, 131, 134,
154, 155, 161, 165, 166, 177,
178, 179-190, 191* 192, 193. I9S»
198, 199, 204, 215.
Justicii, charters addressed to, 73, 83,
93. 95> 96, 98, 99. 101, 102,
in, 112, 113, 122, 133, 172,
185, 188, 189, 196, 200, 201,
2O4, 212.
Justinus minor (Emperor), 221.
Kaledure Comitis, 184, 429.
Kalenter, Kalentyr. See Callendar.
Kalentyr, Thane of, 349.
Dominus Alwynus of, 349.
Kali, nephew of Earl Magnus, 366.
Karkarevil, church granted by
Robert de Brus to St. Mary's,
York, 47, 305.
Karl der Grosse, 226.
Karreden, 165. See Carriden.
Karric, 96, 362. See Carrick.
Karsah, a salina in, granted to Kelso,
158-
Kathlac (Cathelai), 448.
Kedslie (Caddesleya), 434.
Keeth (Keth), granted to Dunfermline
by Alexander I., 61, 168, 206,
325-
Keith's "Bishops" quoted, 234, 383.
Keith Marischal, the misfortunes of
the house of, 224.
Keledei, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 19, 144,
168, 187, 188, 210, 229, 233,
234, 235, 236, 239, 283, 372,
395, 402, 425, 432, 446. See
also Culdee.
of Brechin, 425.
of Dunkeld, 283.
of Loch Leven, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, n,
19, 229, 234, 243.
of St. Andrews, 143, 144, 395, 432.
their doctrine shown from the
books at St. Serf's, 446.
Kelledeorum, Ivo Abbas, 9, 238.
Kells, Book of, 221.
Kelly, Sira de Chellin, 166, 416.
Malmure Thein de Chellin, 166.
Kelso (Calkou), 414; the Abbey of
Selkirk transferred ' ' in loco qui
dicitur Calkou," 156, 423.
villa de Kelchu granted to the
Abbey, 156.
whether Kelso was in the diocese
of St. Andrews or Glasgow, 332.
Kelso Abbey, Foundation Charter,
156, 275.
charter to, by Bernard de Balliol,
207, 443.
by King David, 122, 135, 138,
156, 185, 188, 207, 275, 389,
397, 398, 4", 428, 429, 433,
444.
by Earl Henry, 137, 155, 398, 410.
by Richard de Ov, 154, 409.
by Gaufrid de Percy, 202, 440.
by the Bishop of St. Andrews,
68, 331, 332> 404-
by the Bishop of Glasgow, 136,
160, 397, 413.
by Uctred, son of Liulf, 1 60, 412.
court of the Abbey, 1 19.
grant of serfs to, by Waldeve the
Earl, 317.
Lesmahagow granted to, 135, 136,
397, 398.
rights in Ednam, 259.
rights in Ercheldune, 449.
Earl Henry buried at, 450.
abbot, to be King's chaplain at
Selkirk, 185.
Arnold, 147, 148, 152, 154, 155,
158, 159, 163, 179, 181, 185,
186, 447.
Herbert, 64, 79, 82, 85, 93, 138,
140, 275, 277, 327, 386.
Church of St. Mary, 68, 137, 149,
155, 156, 202, 214.
486
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Kelso Abbey — continued.
Church of St. Mary and of St.
John the Evangelist, 138, 156,
.188, 398.
Liber de, Registrum Cartarum, 68,
331-
Kenelm, St., the martyr, 323.
Kenlachyn, granted to the Hospital
of St. Andrews, 134, 396.
Kenmore Market, 295.
Kenneth. See Cinead.
Kentigern, St., 44, 45, 82, 85, 95,
96, 300, 423, 430.
Kerkembaldus, father of Petrus, 112.
Kermil (Kermyl), 302.
Kernes, 432.
Ketliston, 164, 415.
Kilbarchan, 362.
Kildare, 245.
Kildwyke granted to Embessy Priory,
by William Fitz Duncan, 272.
Kilmalcolm, 362.
Kilrimont (Kilrymont, Chilrimunt),
St. Andrews, 94, 125, 127, 129,
188, 211, 212, 244, 360, 390, 447.
antiqua ecclesia S. Andreae de
Kilrimont, 244.
mill of, 125, 127.
toft of, 212, 447.
Kilwinning Abbey, 266, 274, 362.
Kinastare (Kinestenure), 125, 127,
212, 447.
Kincarrekin, Fishing at, 287.
Kinclaith, 301. See Cunclut.
King's, Adam, Calendar, 230.
Kingasc, 432.
Kinghorn granted to Dunfermline
by David I., 61, 168, 325, 354.
a share of the seals captured at,
granted to Dunfermline, 62, 169.
King designate, Henry the Earl, 124,
126, 128, 393.
Kyngor, Chingor, charters granted at,
88, 148, 354.
Kyngorne, Abthainrie of, 223.
Kinglassie, the Church belonged to
Dunfermline, 206, 325.
rights of the Keledei in A.D. 1199,
432.
Kings of Scotland, had no fixed
capital, they moved from place
to place, 344 ; had no family
name, 449.
Kinmuc, 234.
Kinmundy (Kynmondy), 89, 355.
Kinnakelle, 432.
Kinnamone (Chinemond, Chinie-
monie), 125, 127, 392.
Kinnear family, 448.
Kinnines, 125, 127, 432.
Kinninmonth granted to the Priory
St. Andrews, 212, 447.
Kinnochtrie (Kynochtred), granted to
Scone, 29, 286, 287.
Kinross, charters granted at, 91, 128,
164, 357-
Kinslatin, the tithes leased, 286.
Kintyre, half of the tithe of the King's
can, pleas and gains in, granted to
Holyrood, 118, 386.
half of the King's tithe of, granted
to Dunfermline, 171, 419.
St. Constantine, suffered martyr-
dom in, 345.
Kipduf, 149.
Kirchanders, Church of, 408.
Kirkaladinit (Kirkaladunt, Kirkcale-
thin), Schira de, granted to Dun-
fermline, 9, 61, 76, 168, 238,
324, 337-
Church of, 206, 443.
Kirkbride, 437.
Kirkcaldy Burgh, 324.
Kirkham (Chircheham), granted to
the Abbey of Shrewsbury, 106,
374-375-
Kirkham Priory, founded by Walter
Espec, 339, 340.
Waltheof, prior of, 333.
Kirkland parish, 375.
Kirkmahoe, 414.
Kirkmichael parish, 308.
Kirkness granted to the Keledei of
Loch Leven, 5, II, 231 ; unlaw-
fully taken by Sir Robert Burgo-
nensis ; his right enquired into,
66, 67, 329.
Kirknewton, 429.
Kirkpatrick juxta, 308.
Kirkstal Abbey, 272.
Kirkton, church granted to the
Bishopric of Aberdeen, 89, 355.
Kirkton of St. Cuthbert (Edin-
burgh), 1 1 6.
Kitchen, grants of a share of the pro-
visions in the King's, 27, 29, 1 1 8,
158, 159, 169, 276, 326, 328, 332.
Knaresborough Castle, 308.
Knife, laying a, on the altar symbol
of a grant, 256, 272.
appended to a charter, 256.
Knight, Duncan, son of Malcolm III.,
knighted, 241.
Prince Henry of England knighted,
.452.
Knight's fee, 405.
INDEX
487
Knight's service, lands held by, 270,
308, 311, 405 (bis), 424.
Kybbel, Alwynus, 48, 306.
Kyle (Chul), 96, 362.
Kylmichel, Abthainrie of, 223.
Laceles (Lasceles), Alan de, 197, 427.
Ladykirk parish, 259.
Laing's Charters quoted, 278, 405.
Lamberton alia Lamberton, granted
to the monks of St. Cuthbert,
12, 14, 15,55,248,255,314,411.
dapifer, 90, 356.
William de, 85, 140, 147, 348, 356.
Freberns of, 348.
Lambertonus, 411.
Lammermoor (Lambremor), 30, 169,
170, 242, 287, 288.
Lamington, 302.
Lampion (Lamplugh), charter dated
at, 150.
Lamplugh, 150, 406.
Robert de, 406.
Lanark, Church of, granted to Dry-
burgh Abbey, 177, 193, 420,
422, 436.
King's Castle at, 432.
Lanarkshire, 307.
Lancashire, King David's lordship
in, north of the Kibble, 373.
Lancaster, King David leads an army
to, to oppose King Stephen,
373-
Church of St. Mary, 373, 377.
Honor of, 105, 106, 363, 373.
Priory, 374, 375.
William de, 406.
Landa quae vocatur Caddysleya, 190,
194, 434-
Lanercost Abbey, 304.
Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canter-
bury, 7, 236, 237, 323.
Lang, Mr. Andrew, opinion as to
Earl David's rule in the South of
Scotland, 266.
Langholm, 414.
Langlaw, 405.
Langtoun (Berwickshire), 151, 153,
409, 410.
Langtoun (Roxburghshire), I55> 4°7>
408.
Henry, parson of, 155.
Langwathby, 361, 406.
Laodicea, 378.
Lappenberg quoted, 232.
Largo Bay, 234.
Lasswade, 385.
Gaufrid de, 166, 184.
Lateran, letters of Pope Honorius
11. from the, 49, 54.
Laton, tithes of, 374.
Lauar (Lauer) granted to Dunferm-
line by Malcolm III., 9, 61, 168,
238, 324.
Lauder, town of, 422.
Lauderdale, 252 ; granted to Hugh de
Moreville, 273, 374, 434.
Laudonio. See Lothian.
Laurence, Magister, 147, 186.
Laurence, son of Orm, 245.
Laws, ancient, of England quoted,
316.
Lay abbot, was Ethelred a ? 244, 245 ;
Leod of Brechin, 339.
Laymen, charters addressed to ' clerici
et laid,' 59, 80, 85, 89, 90, 101,
102, 104, no, in, 112, 113,
122, 137, 149, 153, 174, 189,
191, 195, 196, 198, 201, 204,
208, 215.
Lea, "Superstition and Force," 299.
Leadburn, 284.
Leader (Leder), River, 108, 109,
377-
Lease for two lives, 342.
Led (Lyed), 182, 428. See Leod,
Abbot.
Legerwood, 322, 323.
John, priest of, 60, 323.
Ledochin part of the Boar's Chase,
125, 127.
Legate, Papal, 49, 268, 349, 361,
367, 375> 393> 402.
Legbernard, 116, 384.
Leges Burgorum quoted, 385.
Leicester, lawsuit at, heard by the
Bishop of Lincoln, 320.
Hugh, Sheriff of, 47, 49, 51* 3o5»
310, 311, 3*2.
Earl of, 372, 378.
Earl of, Beaumont, 378.
Roger de, 28, 279.
Leicestershire, Nicholl's History of,
quoted, 321.
Leinhale, 323.
granted to the Bishop of Durham
and the monks of St. Cuthbert,
12, 14, 15, 248, 323.
Henry, presb. de Leinhale, oo,
323'-
Leising, 18, 1 19, 257.
Cumbrensis judex, 46, 386.
Leith, 385.
Lengartheyn, 46, 301.
488
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Lennox, Earls of, doubful if Alwyn
Mac Arkil was an ancestor of
the, 327.
Malcolm, Earl of, 316.
Mormair of, 223.
Lent, when it should begin, 236.
Leod (Leot, Lyed), abbot of Brechin,
78, 124, 181, 184, 331, 339,
Leod de Brechin, 102.
Douinald nepos Leod, 67, 331.
Lepers, Hospital for, at Aldcambus,
254-
Lerenach, Abthainrie of, 223.
Lesing. See Leising.
Lesmahagow granted to the Abbey
of Kelso, 135, 136, 397, 398,
411.
Priory of, 135, 269, 397.
rental of, 397.
Lestalrig, Sir John of, 325.
Thomas de, 324.
Logan of, 395.
Leswinus, brother of Thor Longus,
19, 259.
Lethene, 432.
Leuing, Church of the Vill of, 67, 68,
75, 33i-
Leuingus, Turstinus, son of, 75.
Leuis, mulier, 121, 389.
Leven, River, 5.
Loch, 4, 228, 229, 245.
Island of, 4, 5.
Priory. See St. Serfs Priory.
Levita, 226.
Leysing. See Leising.
Liberton, Mai bead de (Makbet, Mal-
beth), 59, 101, 103, 114, 123,
322, 384.
busche of, 118.
chapel of, 116, 384.
mill of, 1 1 8, 389.
Libra forisfactum decem librarum,
162.
Library in the Monastery of St.
Serf, 446.
Librum (saisisse per), 185, 429.
Liddel, Church of the valley of, 408.
Religious house of, 408.
Liddlesdale granted to Turgis Brundis,
308, 309.
Liff granted to Scone Priory, 29, 287.
Lighting, grants for the lighting of
churches, 118, 125, 127, 357.
Ligulf de Bebbanburch. See Liulf.
Ligulfus films Inemanni, 248.
Lillesclive, Walter, the chaplain, 186.
Lilliesleaf (Lillescliva, Lilislive, etc.),
46, 157, 180, 186, 303, 408, 430.
Liminarcha, 330.
Lincoln, siege of, 367.
King Stephen taken prisoner,
377-
Castle, Turgot a prisoner in, 264.
Bishops, 311.
Bishop of, went to Rome in 1 125,
268.
Alexander, 51, 311, 312, 320.
Robert, 50, 305, 310, 311.
Lincoln, de, family, 412.
Lindesay, de, family, 278.
David de, 415.
Ranulf de, 90, 150, 179, 197, 272,
356.
Walter de, 28, 42, 47, 124, 150,
162, 171, 179, 180, 182, 186,
195, 200, 214, 356, 440, 449;
charter by, to Kelso, 214,
449-
Gauterius de, avunculus G. de L.,
215, 449.
William de, 80, 108, 112, 123,
136, 141, 182, 185, 186, 356,
449-
W. de, 179-
Lives of the, quoted, 356.
Lindisfarne, 252.
Cuthbert, prior of, 252.
Linlithgow burgh, 357.
a toft in, granted to the Abbey of
Stirling, 189.
Church of, granted to the Church of
St. Andrews, 90, 127, 392 ; an-
other charter, 357.
fleeces of sheep from, granted to
Holyrood, 118.
Alexander, son of Waldeve, gift to
the church by, 396.
mansura in, granted to Dunferm-
line Abbey, 168.
Linnithuc, Thomas de, 186, 430.
Lintun Ruderich, 411.
Lismore, Abthainrie of, 223.
Litun, Blahanus, presbyter de, 60,
323-
Liulf, father of Uctred, 160, 161.
de Bebbanburch, 18, 256, 257, 343.
son of Edulf (Swinton), 17, So,
256, 258, 343.
son of Uctred, 28, 137, 279.
Livingston, Church of, 75, 336.
parish, 331.
See Leuing.
Llandaff, Book of, 221.
Lochaber, Malsnechtan's death in,
225.
Locher Moss, 414.
INDEX
489
Locherwart (Borthwick) Church
granted to the Bishop of Glas-
gow, 185, 430 ; belonged to the
Abbey of Scone, 430.
Lochin (Logy), 140, 400, 401.
Lochmaben, 308.
Lochore, 231.
Constantinus of, 324.
David de, Sheriff of Perth, 445.
Loch Tay, Priory of, 42, 294, 295.
Lochty, Water of, 231.
Logan of Lestalrig, 325.
Logic (Lochin), 140, 400, 401.
Lohworuora (Borthwick), Church of,
185, 430.
London, 306, 367.
Uctred de, 306.
Bishop of, Gilbert, 78, 339.
Robert de Sigillo, 371.
Londoniis (Lundoniarum), Thomasde,
154, 179, 408, 423.
Lonsdale, 406.
Lorton, manor of, 356.
Lotharingus(Loreyns), Racho, 13, 15.
Lothian (Lodoneium, Lodoneum, Lau-
donia), 12, 14, 16, 23, 25, 54,
S5» 57, 59, 60, 183, 241, 253,
3H.
Robert, son of Godwin, builds a
castle in, 247.
summus dux, killed at the Battle
of the Standard, 356.
Lovel, Henry, 408.
Thomas, 408.
Lubenho, 305, 320.
Lucina, in, Cardinal, 145.
Lugubalia, 308.
Lulach, King, 225, 235, 283, 350.
(Luloeg), father of Malsnechtan, 2,
225.
Lummesden (Lumsden) granted to
the monks of St. Cuthbert, 13,
14, 15, J7, 55, 190, 253, 254.
Lumsden of that Ilk, 254.
Lumnarcha (Lumnarca), 67, 330.
Lundin, Thomas de, 423. See Lon-
don.
Lundres, Robert de, 423.
Lurchari, 3.
Lusker (Luschar, Luskers) granted to
Dunfermline Abbey by King
Duncan, 61, 1 68, 324.
Luvetot, Richard de, 367, 370.
Lyddale (Liddlesdale) granted to
Turgis Brundis, 308.
Lykyrstyne, 231.
Lyne, parish of, 302.
Lyne, River, 302.
M
M. See Matthew, Archdeacon.
MacBead, father of Maledoun, 63,
67, 78, 318, 330, 331, 339.
Macbeath, father of Cormac, n.
Thaynetus de Falkland, 67, 330.
Macbet Mac Torfin, 120, 166, 171,
195-
Macbetber, granted rights in Legber-
nard to Holy rood, 116, 384.
Macbeth, King, son of Finlaec, 5, 6,
224, 231, 235, 244.
Macbeth and Gruoch, King and Queen
of Scots, notitiae of grants by,
to the Keledei of St. Serfs, 5,
231.
Macbeth, Rosmarkensis Episcopus,
63-
Mac Bethad, son of Hided, father of
Donchad, 2, 225.
Mac Chimpethin, 63, 195, 327.
Macchus, 28, 278.
Mac Connell, 243.
Maccus, son of Undweyn, 46, 108,
278.
Macdobarchon, mormaer of Buchan,
2, 338, 347-
Mac Donchat, 243.
Mac Donnell, 243.
Mac Dubbacin, father of Domnall, 2,
225.
Macdufe, Constantine, 13, 248.
Mackduffe Comes, 9, 238, 245.
Macduff, Earl of Fife, is he a myth,
the creation of For dun? 245.
Thane of Fife, 244.
M 'Gibbon and Ross quoted, 252.
Machar, New and Old, 355.
Machedath, father of Meldoinneth,
67, 3i8, 330, 331.
Macheswel, Edmund de, 160.
Mac Impethin, father of Gillepatric,
Mackthumpethin, Gillecolm, 195.
MacOebeth, father of Maldouenus,
63, 330, 33i, 339-
Madach Comes, 30, 63, 76, 80, 97,
108, 243, 284, 326, 343, 425-
Maddyrin, Abthainrie of, 223.
Maelbhricin, father of Feradach, 77.
Magnus, Earl, 366.
Maills and duties, 240, 422.
Mailuil, Galfrid de, 150.
Mainardus Flandrensis, Prepositus de
St. Andrews, 133, 395-
Maison Dieu of Roxburgh, 138, 398.
Maisura, 27, 69, 157, 408.
490
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Maitland, Dr., Doomsday Book and
Beyond, quoted, 254, 257, 270,
396.
Makodus, father of Alimodus and
Anulfus, 13.
Malaechin, 84, 348.
Malbead (Makbet, Macbetber), de
Liberton, 59, 101, 103, 114, 116,
322.
Malbride Mac Congi, 65, 328.
Malbride sacerdos, 12.
Malbrighte, son of Cathal, 2.
father of Malcolm and Gilcomgain,
2, 224 ; his sons killed Findlaec,
223.
Malcarveston, 277*
Malcolm, son of Cinaed (King Mal-
colm II.), 2, 224, 244.
charter by,s to Mortlach, 4, 229.
Malcolm III., 5, 7, 8, 14, 15, 28, 90,
225, 230, 231, 234, 235, 236,
237, 238, 241, 242, 245, 264,
271, 324, 355, 377.
became King A.D. 1057, 235.
granted a Salinagium to Irish-
men, 5, 231.
did he marry Ingibiorg? 235, 271.
married Margaret at Dunfermline,
235. 237, 239, 240.
sanctioned the compact by which
the Archbishop of York was
Metropolitan of Scotland, 236.
treated Turgot badly, 264.
victory over Maelslaet in 1078, 225.
spurious charter of Homage, 238.
gifts to Dunfermline, 61, 168, 324,
killed at Alnwick, 251.
note on his life, 207, 234-235,
Malcolm IV., 207, 301, 306, 316, 353,
362, 389, 398, 404, 408, 411.
Earl of Northumbria (?), 215, 449,
45°-
charter to Scone Abbey, 281 ; to
Aberdeen, 354 ; to Baldwin Lori-
mar of Perth, 439.
court at Perth, 426.
granted a charter at Elbotle, 329.
Malcolm, alleged to be an illegitimate
son of Alexander I. , 262.
son of Duncan, Earl of Fife, 136,
234. 397-
Malcolumb (son of Malcolm III. ?),
10, 242.
Malcoluim, son of Culeon, 2, 224.
Malcolm Malbride, son of Mael-
brigte, 2, 224, 225.
son of Moline, 3.
Maldomnach, 330.
Maldouenus Judex, 57, 318, 331.
Maldouenus, son of Mac Oebeth, 63,
78, 318, 331, 337, 339.
Maldounus de Scona, Vicecomes, 63,
77, 86, 327, 349.
Maldred, brother of King Duncan I.,
356.
father of Ulkil, 64, 65.
Maldunus, Bishop of St. Andrews, 6,
233-
Malduuenus, Mac Murdac, 86, 318,
349-
" Male " (Derched Male), 10 ; mean-
ing of, 240.
Malechi, 3.
Maledictio of a Bishop, 4.
Maledictio Dei, 12.
Maledoun, Meldoineth Machedath
(Mac Meic Bead), son of Mac
Bead, 63, 67, 78, 318, 330, 331,
337, 339-
Maleverer, Helton, 272.
family, 412.
Malgirc (Maelgirc), son of Tralin, 77,
337-
Malisius, marescall, 98, 364.
Mallus Comes (Malis), 30, 44, 63, 77,
85, 102, 284, 326, 349.
Malmesbury, William of, 294.
Malmeulach, 89, 355.
Malmure, Thein de Chellin, 166, 416.
Malmykel, father of Modach (Fothad),
Bishop of St. Andrews, 9.
Malnethte, son of Beollanus Sacerdos,
II.
Malodenus de Scona. See Maldounus.
Malodenus (Malothen), Malodenus
Marescal, 86, 129, 364.
Malpeter (Mael peter), son of Dom-
nall, 78.
Malsnecte (Maelslaet), son of Luloeg,
2, 225.
King Malcolm's victory over, 225 ;
became a monk, 225.
pedigree of, 225.
Malton, Barony of, 308.
Mancipii dominiorum, de, 146, 403.
Manerium, 15, 169, 194, 254, 436.
Mansio, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 254, 287,
3i8.
Mansura, 53, 61, 152, 153, 157, 168,
313, 348, 412, 415.
Manutenentia, 50, 89, 98, 100, 106,
119, 133, 320.
Mar, Agnes, Countess of, 427.
Earl of, 427.
Gillocherus, 427.
INDEX
491
Mar, Earls of— continued.
Morgrund, 181, 388, 423, 427.
Rothri, 427.
Earldom of, 339 ; spurious charter
creating the, 427.
in Alban, mormaer of, 223.
Ruadri, 78, 339.
province of, 223.
Marches, laws of the, 317.
Marescall Ewaein (Mariscallus Ewen),
182, 195, 427.
Marescal Malodenus, 86, 129, 364.
Margaret, Queen, 7, 8, 9, 15, 28,
235, 242, 251.
her marriage at Dunfermline, 235,
240, 323.
her church at Dunfermline, 237,
323, 426 ; gifts to, 6 1, 1 68, 324.
her liberality to the church, 235.
letter to, from Lanfranc, 7, 236.
the reforms desired by, 236.
her death, 251.
her confessor author of her Life, 264.
Margaret, wife of Thomas de Lon-
don, 408.
Mark of silver, 10, 17, 85, 94, 306,
318, 405, 408, 413, 415.
Market, grant of (Forum), 451 ; Holy
Woman's, at Kenmore, 295.
Markinch (Marchinch), Church of,
granted to the Keledei of Loch
Leven, 6, 233.
a pig, etc., from, due to the Priory
of Loch Leven granted to the
Priory of St. Andrews, 210, 445.
Marmiun, Marsel, 80, 92, 343.
Marriage within the prohibited de-
grees, 236.
Marseille, Chartulaire de S. Victor de,
254-
Marsh's, Bishop, Library, 229.
Marshal. See Marescal.
Martyn, "St. Andrews," quoted, 391.
Mary, the Virgin. See St. Mary.
Mary, sister of Queen Maud, wife of
the Count of Boulogne, 267, 283.
Masculus, William, 103, 105, 159,
372, 450.
Mass ought to be said according to the
use of the Western Church, 236.
on what days Mass shall be sung
in the Chapel of Newton, 173)
420.
Matadin the Brehon, 78, 339.
Matain, son of Caerill, 2.
Matefen, Arkil de, 365.
Mathew, Archdeacon, 182, 184, 21 1,
212, 214, 447.
Matilda (Maud), wife of Henry I.,
Queen of England, 22, 23, 25,
68, 78, 92, 267, 283.
wife of David I., 28,42,46, 305,306,
312 ; daughter of Earl Waltheof
and theCountessJudith ; marriage
to Simon de St. Liz ; marriage to
Earl David, 266; her son
Waltheof, abbot of Melrose,
338.
she and her first husband gave
the tithe of Tottenham to St.
Andrews, Northampton, 306.
consents to the Inquisitio David,
46, 304.
granted forty shillings from the
rents of Bedford to St. Andrews,
Northampton, 50, 78, 88, 107,
167, 3", 353. 417, 4i8, 4355
granted the Church of Eynesbury
to St. Neot's, 88.
died A. D. 1131, 332, 439.
Matilda, Empress, 351.
daughter of Earl Henry, 378.
daughter of Hugh, Earl of Chester,
wife of Randulfus Meschin, 308.
wife of Godardus de Boyville, 150,
405, 406.
daughter of Earl Gospatric, wife
of Dolfin, son of Al ward, 318.
Matne, his two sons, 84, 348.
Matni, Gillendrias Mac Matni, 181.
May, Isle of the, 387.
monastery and monks, 163, 186,
387, 388, 394, 404, 414. 4i6,
43i-
charters to, by King David, 120,
131, 148, 163, 166, 186, 387,
394, 404, 414, 416, 431.
Archardus, prior, 388.
Maychan or Mauhan, Machanshire,
Mecheyn, 46, 302.
Maydin, 403.
Meilochon, father of Bridius, 221.
Melae of cheese, 287.
Melcolf, a bastard of Alexander I.,
defeated in Moray in 1130,
35°-
Meli of grain, 235.
Melkolf, King, and Ingibiorg (Orkney -
inga Saga), 273.
Melginch, Abthainrie of, 223.
Melmorby, 375.
Melrose, " dominium meum," 27,
107, 109, 276.
Abbey, Foundation charter, 107 ;
Earl Henry's charter, 109, 375,
378.
492
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Mel rose — continued.
Richard, abbot of, 108, 109, ill,
140, 449.
Church of, exchanged for the
Church of St. Mary of Berwick,
79, 34i.
old monastery of, 252, 264, 341.
Membrum, " Ecclesia . . . ut mem-
brum ecclesiae S. Johannis Bap-
tistae," 209-444.
Menyanium, 13.
Mercatores Angliae, charter addressed
to, 43-
Mercers of Melginch, 287.
Mercheh, father of Gille, 101, 371.
Mercia, Siward, Earl of, 285.
Mereboda. See Morebattle.
Mereburnesheued, 73, 335.
Mereuin, filius Colbain, 171, 195, 419.
Merewin (Mervin), father of Ulfchil,
65, 101, 371.
Merlay, Randulf de, 200, 439, 451.
Roger de, 216, 439, 451.
Merleswain accompanied Edgar Athe-
ling to Scotland, 238.
son of Colban, 238.
son of Merleswain, 238.
in Fifeshire, 238.
Merlet, Lucien, editor of the Chartu-
lary of Tiron, 372.
Merringtun, the Church of St. John
fortified by the nephew of William
Cumyn, 369.
Mervinslawe, 408.
Meschin, le jeune, 308.
Meulan, Waleran, Count of, 378.
Middelham, 27, 157, 276.
Middlebie, parish of, 307.
Middlehead, 335.
Middleton in Lonsdale, 406.
Midlesdeneheued, 73, 335.
Migvie in Cromar, 427.
Miles, 64, 75, 80, 102, 104, 108, 186,
270, 288, 297, 342, 369, 370.
Milk, River, 303.
Mills, grants of, 26, 27, 58, 61, 93,
152, 153, 157, 191, 276, 325,
389, 405, 408,411.
liberty to make a, 117.
grant of a merk annually from the
mill of Scotby, 95, 360.
Millum, Lord of, 406.
Milndam, 301.
Miln Graden, 248.
Milton, 337.
Miracle performed by St. Cuthbert,
242.
Mirkside, 413.
Mocche, Dufgal, son of, 67, 330.
Mochan, 5, 231.
Modach (alias Fothad), son of Mal-
mykel, Bishop of St. Andrews,
9, 239.
Modhrust, St., Church of, at Mark-
inch, belonging to the Priory of
St. Andrews, consecrated, 233.
Moffat, 308, 414.
Moline, father of Malcoluim, 3.
Molle, Church etc., of, granted to
the Abbey of Kelso, 160, 161,
412, 413.
Eschina de, 412.
Margaret de, 412.
families of the name, 412.
Moncreiff, George and John, 390.
Moneloccodhan, 5, 231.
Monifod, Abthainrie of, 223.
Monkbretton, Priory of, 375.
Monkland, Old, 302.
Monlochty, maresium de, 231,
Monorgrunt, Ewin de, 238.
Mons Infirmorum, 9, 237.
Montagu, 326.
Monte Acuto, Robert de, 63, 119,
326, 386.
Montford, John de, 405.
Montgomery, Earl Roger de, 373.
Moor, 260; grant of, "Mora " 99, 365.
Moore, Bishop, 219.
Moorfoot. See Morthuweit.
Moravia, Malcolm de, 325.
Moray, men of, defeated by Malcolm
III. in 1078, 225.
annexed to the Crown, 350.
" omnibus probis hominibus totius
Muref," 86, 350.
the tithe of the can of Muref,
granted to the Priory of Urqu-
hart, 205, 442.
the goods of the burgesses ex-
empted from distress, except for
their own debt, 316.
Bishopric : when was it founded ?
262, 282, 283.
Gregory, Bishop of, 44, 63, 282.
William, Bishop of, 175, 183, 189,
2O2, 211, 214, 447.
Earl of, Angus, 283 ; revolt, de-
feated and killed, 271, 350.
Heth, Earl of, 283, 284.
Earldom of, 271, 284.
Mormaers of, 223, 225.
Morcunn, 2, 224.
Mordington granted to the monks of
St. Cuthbert, 12, 14, 15, 248,
253, 255, 314.
INDEX
493
Moreb, Mormaer, 223.
Morebattle (Mereboda), Church and
a ploughgate, belonged to the
Church of Glasgow, 46, 303,
412.
Moreville, Ada de, 192, 274, 422.
Helene de, 423.
Hugo de, 24, 28, 42, 46, 47, 48,
49, 5°, 5i, 56, 57, 63, 65, 68,
69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 77, 78, 80,
82, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98,
102, IO5, IO8, IIO, 112, 114,
120, 121, 123, 124, 132, 134,
136, 138, 141, 148, 150, 151,
152, 154, 159, 160, 162, 163,
I64, 171, 172, 175, 176, 177,
179, 182, 185, 186, 187, 188,
189, 191, 194, 197, 212, 273,
274, 312, 357, 359, 362, 374,
409, 419, 430, 434, 436, 437;
founded the Abbey of Kilwin-
ning, 269 ; founded the Abbey
of Dryburgh, 274, 419; charters
by, to Dryburgh, 175, 176, 421 ;
constable, in, 152, 159, 273;
became a canon in Uryburgh,
434 ; his life, 273.
Hugo de, of Knaresborough 274.
Hugo, of Burg, 274, 309, 437.
Johanna, wife of R. de Gernun,
437-
Malcolm de, killed accidentally in
hunting, 274, 405.
Richard de, a hostage A.D. 1139,
273 ; constable, 160, 162, 180,
191, 192, 274, 302, 303, 317,
422 435.
William de, 49, 1 60, 309.
William de, Constable, 303.
Morgaind, father of Duncan, 223.
Morgann, son of Donchad, 84,
348.
Morgrund, Earl of Mar, 181, 388,
423, 427.
son of Gillocherus, Earl of Mar,
427.
Morguinn, Clan, 84.
Moridach, son of Morcunn, 2, 224.
Morland in Westmoreland, 301.
Mormaer, i, 2, 78, 84, 219, 220, 222,
223, 224, 225, 338, 339, 347.
Dubacan, Mormair Oengusa, 223.
of Buchan, 84, 222, 338, 347.
of Lennox, 223.
of Mar, 78, 339.
of Moray, 223, 225.
Morrehat (Hiberniensis), 67.
Mortain, Stephen, Count of, 373.
Morthelach (Mortlach), 5, 280, 235,
426.
Beyn, Bishop of, 4, 5, 230.
Bishop, Bishopric and Church of,
4, 5, 230, 354.
monastery at, 230.
Morthuweit granted to Newbattle
Abbey, in, 112, 113, 379, 380.
Morton, Monastic Annals, quoted,
153, 309, 377, 407, 408, 409, 412.
Earls of, 231.
Morvyn, father of Ulkil, 64.
Moulton, Church and tithe of, granted
to St. Andrews, Northampton,
312.
Mow, 412.
Mowbray, Robert de, Earl of North-
umberland, 248, 438.
Muffo, in.
Mugent, a famous teacher, 227.
Muiravonside, parish of, 349.
Multura molendini, 152, 153.
Mumae (of soap,) 287.
Mundavilla, Rodbertus de, 370.
Munros, Old, Abthainrie of, 223.
Munus " absque omni munere et
onere," 5.
Murcar, 355.
Murcroft, 89, 355.
Murdac, Gaufrid, 64, 65.
Murdac, father of Malduuenus, 86,
349-
Murder, a plea of the Crown, 308.
Muredach, father of Gillecolaim,
78.
son of the Mormaer of Lennox,
223,
Muref. See Moray.
Muren, a Holy Virgin, 391.
Murray. See Moray.
Murraye, Comes de (William Fitz
Duncan), 271.
Murray, James, of Broomhill, 324.
Muscamps, Reginald de, 28, 47,
278.
Musicians, the King's, 404.
Musselburgh, 9, 325.
court of the Abbey of Dunferraline,
held at, 325.
barony of, 324, 325.
Mutto, John, 394.
Mylne, Canon of Dunkeld, quoted
283.
N
Namum capere, 56, 97, 119, 127,
169, 315, 3i6, 317, 386.
494
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Nasebith, half a ploughgate in,
granted to Jedburgh Abbey, 408.
Nathanthern. See Nenthorn.
National MSS. of Scotland, 219, 220,
240, 249, 253, 256, 258, 263,
265, 267, 270, 274, 307, 322,
341, 413, 424, 448, 449.
Nativi, 254, 317.
Nechtan, King, 245.
Nectan, Bishop of Aberdeen, 78, 89,
338, 355-
"Negotium, ad suum magnum, 158,
411.
"ad negotia sua," grant, 118, 201.
Neis, son of Chilunus, 175, 421.
son of William, 9, 238.
Nemus, 123, 137, 140, 167; "in
firmam forestam," 165, 416.
de Clackmannan, 118,121, 151,388.
Nennius, 300.
Nenthorn (Naythinthern, Nathan-
thern), 191, 192, 420, 434.
Nesse, sacerdos, II, 246.
Newbattle Abbey, when was it
founded? 379; charters to, by
King David, no, ill, 112, 113,
114; by Earl Henry, 113; by
Herbert, Bishop of Glasgow,
302 ; by the abbot of Holyrood
to, 114, 115.
grant of Morthuweit, ill, 112, 113.
ofNeubotle, in, 112, 113.
of Ruchalech, 112, 113, 114.
of a saltpan in Callendar, 114.
Holmcultram Abbey to have the
same peace and liberty as Melrose
and Newbattle, 197.
Ralph, abbot of, 115, 158, 411.
Newbattle, agreement regarding the
boundary between, and Pitten-
dreich, 115, 385.
Newbigging, 408.
market at, 451.
Newburn (Nithbren), 83, 168, 181,
206, 235, 346.
Newcastle-on-Tyne surrendered to
King David, 351, 352.
King David at, in 1136, 352 ; in-
stalled his grandson, William, as
Earl of Northumberland at, 451.
charter by Earl Henry granted at,
98.
Newhaven, 385.
Newhills, 355.
Newlands parish, 302.
Newminster, Priory of, charters to,
by Earl Henry and by Earl
Simon, 438.
Newton (Newton Don), Chapel of;
its relation to the mother church
of Ednam, 173, 420.
half a ploughgate in, granted to
Dryburgh, 176, 421, 422.
a tithe of the mill granted to Dry-
burgh, 192, 435.
(Kirknewton), 184, 429.
in Glendale, 339.
Nicholas, 99, 365.
Nicholas, camerarius, 440.
Nicholaus clericus, 75, 124, 149, 150,
151, 161, 165, 171, 175, 178,
180, 182, 183, 185, 186, 187,
188, 189, 193, 195, 200, 212,
259, 413, 415, 447.
Nicholas, priest at Inveresk, 66,
329-
prior of Scone, 65, 68, 328.
Nicholls's History of Leicestershire
quoted, 321.
Nidin mill, in the Boar's Chase, 125,
127.
Nigell, Robert de, 42, 58, 88,
354-
Nigellus capellanus, 184.
Roger de, 51.
Robert, son of, 42, 58.
Ninian, St. See Saint Ninian.
Nesbit (Nesbite, Nesebite) granted by
Earl Gospatric to the monks of
St. Cuthbert, 90, 93, 99, 100,
139, 147, 174, 355, 356, 365,
399, 404.
Nesbit in Crailing, granted to Jed-
burgh, 151, 153, 309, 407-
Nisbets of Dirleton, 329.
Nithbren. See Newburn.
Nithsdale (Stranit), 49, 162, 307, 308,
4I3> 4I4-
Dunegal of, and his sons, 49, 308,
410.
Noel of Exton, 321.
"Nobilitas tua," 49.
Norbreck, 374.
Norham (Northam), 17, 248, 257.
Ansketillus, prepositus of, 13.
charter dated at, 15.
cemetery at, 13, 248.
siege of, 92, 358, 361 ; surrendered
to King David, June 1138, 351,
361.
Tebald de, 161, 259, 413.
Norman, father of Edulf, 1 08.
Sheriff of Berwick, 79, 105, 115,
119, 140, 147, 383; grants the
Chapel of Crostorfin to Holy-
rood, 115, 383.
INDEX
495
Normans assisted Earl David to get
the portion of Scotland which
King Edgar bequeathed to him,
307.
Normandy, Constable of, 248.
Henry, Duke of, 373.
North, Aqua de, 89.
Northo de Lambremor, 30, 288.
Northampton, land near, granted to
Selkirk Abbey, 27; to Kelso,
158.
convent of St. James in, 435.
Earldom of, David gets the, on his
marriage, 266, 276, 305, 307,
351-
Henry, the King's son, gets the
Earldom in 1136, 351.
Simon de St. Liz gets the Earl-
dom on his mother's death
in 1130, 352, 439; loses it in
1136 but gets it again in 1139
and retained it till his death in
1153, 252.
Earl of, Simon, and Matilda, his
wife, 266, 305.
monastery of St. Andrews at, 50,
51, 52,58, 88,89, 310,321, 423,
435 ; charters to, by King David,
So, 5i» 52, 58; by Earl Henry,
88.
the Rectory of Exton given to,
by De Bruce, 321 ; grant to, by
Queen Matilda from her rents in
Bedford, 88.
Northamptonshire, 321, 408, 435.
Northumberland, 99, 104, 105, 198;
charters addressed to the men of,
99, 365 ; markets in, 451 ; ravaged
by King David I., 358.
Earldom of, 352, 358, 364, 438.
Earl Henry gets the Earldom,
361, 364-
Ada, Countess of, 372.
Gospatric, Earl of, 242, 356.
Henry, Earl of, 98, 104, 153, 177,
373, 409-
Malcolm, Earl of, 215.
Robert, Earl of, 13, 216, 248.
Robert de Comines, Earl of, 349.
Simon, Earl of, 438.
Siward, Earl of, 372.
Waltheof, Earl of, 257, 262.
William (or Malcolm), Earl of,
449, 450, 451.
William, Earl, on the death of Earl
Henry, 450.
charter by, to Brinkburn, 451.
Sheriff of, 343.
Northumberland, Sheriffs oi—cont.
Eustace Fitzjohn, 308.
Udard, 258.
William de Vescy, 308, 309.
Northumbria, Oswyn, King of, 252.
Norton, Thomas, priest of, 321.
Norway, King of, 366.
Turgot resided in, 264.
Norwegians, 230.
Notitiae, I, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 19,
220.
Nottingham, marriage of Earl Henry
at, 361.
Novellus, Radulf, Bishop of the
Orkneys, 80, 343.
Novum Castellum de Culchet, 106.
Nummi, 395.
Nuuel, Radulf, 80, 343.
Nynia, Bishop. See St. Ninian.
O
Oaths of twelve priests, one deacon,
and two laymen, 449.
five men swore that certain lands
belonged to the church of Glas-
gow, 46, 304.
six men swore to the boundaries of
Kirkness. 67, 331.
Oblations at the altar, 9, 62, 69, 140,
156, 159, 169, 193, 214, 235,
332» 412.
Occisiones, half of the, 27, 158.
Ockiltre, 396.
Odardus. See also Udard.
Vicecomes de Babenburch, 28, 278.
Odo, Cardinal, ad Velum Aureum,
143, 145, 402.
father of Adam, 395.
CElfric, 10, 246.
Officium, " immunes ab omni lai-
corum officio," 1 80, 425.
(Oggu), 1 8, 119, 257.
)umbrensis Judex, 46, 386.
son of Gillandris, 101.
Oggilface, 410.
Oil (Crisma), 332.
Olifard, David, 136, 147, 150, 160.
godson of King David, rescued
him at Winchester, 397.
gave Crailing to Jedburgh, 407 » 408.
Walter, 381.
Olney, in Bucks, 435.
Omanus, 13.
Opportunitatem domus ad, 701.
Orationes, 3; "solas orationes ad
salutem animarum exsolvendo,"
28, 135, 158.
496
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Orationum suffragia, 6, 7.
Orba or forba, 319, 320.
Ordeals, aqua, ferrum calidum, etc.,
116.
Ordericus Vitalis quoted, 285, 294.
Lord Hailes' opinion of, 285.
Ordination, oil for, 332.
privilege granted by the Bishop of
St. Andrews to the Abbey of
Kelso, 332.
Origen (a book), 210, 446.
Origo Mundi, 446.
Orkneys, 366.
a Bishop visits the Orkneys in
1137, 269.
Bishop of, 292.
Radulf, 64, 327, 343.
Earls of, 409 ; Harold, 409 ; Paul,
366 ; Reinwald, 100, 365.
Orkneyinga Saga quoted, 271, 273.
Orm, father of Gospatric, 156, 197,
437-
priest of Ednam, 60, 323.
(Horm), son of Eilaf, 108, 153,
1 60, 407, 408.
son of Gilasp., 152, 407.
Orm (Horm), son of Malcolm, 140.
Orti, 2, 224.
Osbernus capellanus, 25, 273.
Osbernus presbyter, 1 8, 257.
Osbert capellanus, a nephew of
William Cumyn, 28, 277, 370.
Osolf, son of Huctredus, 108.
son of Eadiue, 46, 108.
son of Elfstan, 108.
Ostia, Bishop of, Albericus, 130, 143,
145, 269, 327, 393, 402.
Osulf, son of Gamel the* Cleric,
408.
Oswin, King of Northumbria, 252.
Oter, 17, 257.
Oularis filius Oghe, 248.
Ov, Hugo de, 155, 410.
Roger de, 154, 409, 410.
Thorn, de, 155, 410.
Oxgang, 13 acres, 257. See Bovate.
Oxnam (Oxanaham), land in granted
to Whitby by Gaufrid and Alan
de Percy, 202, 203, 440, 441 ;
land in, granted to Kelso Abbey,
202, 441.
church granted to Jedburgh Abbey,
408, 441.
Page, Mr., 449.
Paintona, Robert de, 28, 277.
Paisley Abbey, 3I7..385, 412.
Palgrave, Sir Francis, 239.
Pammachius, " Cardinalis S. Johan-
nis et Pauli titulo Pammachii,"
402.
Pandum capere, 119, 386.
Panmure's, Lord, Charter chest, 336,
338, 383. 389, 4i6.
Pannage, 108, 109, 112, 113, 306,
379, 434 ; pastura porcis sine pas-
nagio, 197.
Papareschis, Petrus de, Cardinal, 130,
393-
Papiro (Paparo), John de, Cardinal
143, 145, 402.
Parchment, 250, 419.
Pardauarneburne, ill.
Pardusin (Pardew), granted to Dun-
fermline by Malcolm III., 9, 61,
168, 238, 324. Paris, 277.
Parish, unknown in the Celtic period,
220.
Parliament, none, in King David's
reign, 323.
Parochia, 116, 125, 127, 136, 146,
149, 151, 153, 162, 169.
Par tick (Perdeyc) granted to Glasgow,
85, 301, 348, 349.
manor, 345.
islands between Govan and Par tick,
345-
Particula terrae, 27, 157.
Pasonis, 434.
Pasture, 166, 197, 448.
Pathelanerhc, 46, 301.
Paton, Mr., 404.
Patriarchal Polity, 220.
Patrick, grandson of Gospatric, son
of Orm, 437.
Paxtona, mill in, 353.
Paxton, granted to the Church of St.
Cuthbert by King Edward, 14,
15, 18, 55, 248, 258.
de eodem, 258.
Peace, the King's, 17, 43. 91, 92, 97,
98, 104, 105, 106, 107, 136, 152,
172, 256, 295, 363, 364, 375.
the Earl's, 364.
Pecthelm, Bishop, of Candida Casa,
227.
Pecunia, 19, 58, 80, 170, 346.
Peebles, 46, 55, 101, 103, 137, 303,
315, 364-
charters granted at, 55, 137.
rector of, 364.
Peeblesshire, 307.
Peit bog, 301.
Pelet, Walter de, 451.
INDEX
497
Pelles multorum et agnorum, 27.
arietinae et agninae, 30.
arietinae et ovinae et agninae,
118.
Pendewen, 387.
Penrith, 361.
Penteiacob, 46, 302, 303.
Perambulation, 73, 112, 113, 152,
153, 160, 166, 176, 196, 329,
335> 390, 408, 412, 433, 448.
Percy de, the great Alan, 440.
Alan (le Meschin), 47, 49, 203, 204,
309, 440, 441.
Alan, bastard son of the great Alan,
441.
Galfrid (Gaufrid), 202, 204, 408,
440, 441.
Gosfridus, 441.
Henry, 203, 408.
Pichot, 203.
Walter, 441.
William, 203.
founded Whitby, 441.
Peronnelle, Robert, Comte de, 372.
Personae, parsons of churches, 173.
Pert, Robert de, 104, 134.
Perth, the King's house, a tithe of,
granted to Dunfermline, 65, 328.
mansio granted to Scone, 29.
mansura in, granted to Dunfermline,
53, 61, 169, 313, 325, 417.
Swain's toft in, granted to Dun-
fermline, 57, 319.
a toft in, granted to Baldwin, 200,
439-
a mark from the firma of, granted
to the Priory of St. Andrews,
125, 127, 392.
405. from the can of ships at, granted
to the Priory of St. Andrews,
128, 201, 393, 440; five marks
from the first ships which come
to Stirling or Perth granted to
Dunfermline, 170; loos, from
the can of ships at, granted to
Holyrood, 117, 385.
charters granted at, 43, 52, 72, 102,
208.
Edward III. at, A.D. 1335, 397-
Church of, granted to the Abbey of
Dunfermline, 61, 169, 206, 325,
443-
Church of St. Leonard's, granted
to Dunfermline, 209, 444.
fishing at, granted to the Priory of
St. Andrews, 127, 134, 171, 419.
Sheriff of (A.D. 1255), David de
Lochore, 445.
Perticate of land, 117, 385, 395.
Petbachelin granted to Dunfermline
by Malcolm III., 9, 61, 168,
238, 324-
Petbachly, Marjory of that ilk, 324.
Petconmarthen (Pitconmarchin), 61,
168, 325.
Peter, Cardinal, S. Mariae in porticu,
402.
the cleric, 164.
Flandrensis, 395.
prior of Dunfermline, 288.
son of Kercambaldus, a baron,
112, 379.
Petheneach juxta Eren, granted to
Dunfermline, 97, 168 ; granted
by Dunfermline to the Priory of
Urquhart, 205, 364, 442.
Pethmokanne, 5, n, 231, 259.
Petioker, 168.
Petitio, land held "sine petitione
cujusquam in mundo," II.
Petkennin, 432.
Petnaurcha granted to Dunfermline
by Malcolm III., 9, 61, 168, 238,
324-
Petollin, 405.
Petra Cloithe, 300.
Petsporgin, 432.
Pet Spuir, 77, 337.
" Pett," could the word become
"port"? 231.
Pett in Mulenn, 2, 224.
Pettinain, land in, granted to Nicolas
the cleric, 165, 415.
land in, granted to Dryburgh Abbey,
178, 193, 420.
Pett meic Garnait, 2.
Pett meic Gobroig, 2, 78, 224.
Pett Maelduib, 2.
Pettultin, granted to the Priory of
St. Andrews, 125, 127.
Peverel, William, 48, 306, 307, 435-
Philippus Camerarius, 82, 344.
Pict, Bede the, Mormaer of Buchan, I,
222.
Pictish Chronicle quoted, 223.
Pictish language, 388.
Picts, 222, 225, 272 ; Brude, last King
of the, 4.
Pierleone, son of, 344.
Pigs, 82, 210.
porci dominici, 118.
due from the lands of the Priory of
St. Serfs, 210, 232, 445.
Pilgrims to St. Andrews, houses for
their reception, 235.
to St. James, 302.
21
498
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Pilgrims to Jerusalem, 366.
to the May, 388.
to Whitherne, 227.
Pincerna Regis, 1 8, 30, 309.
Pipe Rolls, 374, 375.
Piscator, 83, 346.
Pitancia (bitancia), 423.
Pitcorthy ( Petcorthin, Petcorthy,Pitte-
corthin), granted to Dunfermline
by Malcolm III., 9, 61, 168, 238,
324-
Pitmillie, 391.
Pittendreich (Petendreia, Pettendreia,
Pettenreia), granted to Holyrood,
75. "7. 336, 385; boundary of,
115, 382.
Pittenweem (Petneweme), 120, 387,
388.
Placita "placitum intrare," 22, 263.
octavum denarium de placitis, 96,
362, 363-
tithe of, 1 1 8, 189, 205.
Placitare aut respondere, 21, 263.
Planmichel, 46, 302.
Pleas of the Crown, 326.
Ploughgate, 104 acres, 257.
produce received by Scone Priory
from each, 287.
Ploughing, three yoke of 8 oxen for,
256.'
Plummer's, Dr., edition of Bede,
227, 252.
Pluscarden, Book of, 269.
Poinding, law of, 315-317-
Polmaise (Pollemase), 140, 400,
401.
Polmont, parish of, 349.
Polnevere, 231.
Polntarf, 302.
Poltona (error for Potton), 50, 311.
Ponere in respectum, 92, 359.
Pontefract, Priory of, 375.
Pontifex Cantuariorum, 38.
St. Cuthbert, gloriosus, 12.
Pope Adrian IV., 354, 355, 402.
Alexander III. , 286, 296, 324, 363,
364, 396, 403, 449.
Anaclete II., 344.
Benedict, 230.
Calixtus II., 81, 292, 343, 393;
letter to King Alexander I., 35 ;
letters to John, Bishop of Glas-
gow, 40, 267, 268.
ele
Celestine II., 393, 403.
Clement III., 360, 396, 402, 437.
Eugenius III., 143, 145, 400, 401 ;
Bull in favour of the Abbey of
Stirling, 141 ; Bull in favour
Pope — continued.
of the Priory of St. Andrews,
143;
Gelasius, letter to the Bishop of
Glasgow, 267.
Gregory VIII. , 360, 396, 402.
Gregory IX., 324.
Honorius II., 81, 243, 314, 343,
344, 393, 396; letter to the
Bishop of Candida Casa, 53 ;
letter to the Bishop of Glasgow
268; letter to King David,
49, 3.10.
Honorius III., 296, 324, 360, 402.
Innocent II., letter to John, Bishop
of Glasgow, 81, 243, 269, 344,
393, 402.
Innocent III., 360, 396, 402.
Innocent IV., 396, 402.
Lucius II., Bull to the Priory of St.
Andrews, 129, 393.
Lucius III., 360, 396, 402.
Paschal, consecrated John, Bishop
of Glasgow, 45, 81, 264, 267, 292.
Urban III., 302, 450.
For car i us, John, 255.
Portmoak (Portemuoche), 210, 231,
445-
Potton, Church of, 50, 311.
Praebendae, 51, 82, 345, 410.
Praefectus, 133.
Praelatus, 53, 401.
Praepositi, charters addressed to, 76,
83, 86 (bis), 98, 101, 104, 122,
131, 163, 164, 165, 167, 172,
178, 179, 181, 186, 191, 192,
195, 198, 200, 201, 204.
Prepositus Comitis, 48.
Regis, 334.
of the shire of Berwick, 119.
of Elgin, 86.
of Haddington, 208.
de Perth, 57, 200, 318, 319.
of St. Andrews, 133.
de Stirling, 71, 334 ; de Stirling-
shire, no.
Praesulatus, 34.
Pratt, Dr., quoted, 222.
Precarium, 4, 229.
Premonstratensian canons, 419.
Prendergest granted to the monks of
St. Cuthbert, 13, 14, 15, 17, 55,
190, 253, 255.
Aldan de, 140; Baldanus de, 471;
Balsan de, 323 ; of that ilk, 255,
323-
Prescott, Dr., "Wetheral," 278, 304,
305, 308, 309-
INDEX
499
Prescriptive possession, forty years,
449.
Prestationes et canones, meaning of,
240.
Prestebridge, 404.
Preston Capes or West Preston,
Church of, 305.
Priests' house, 182, 189.
Primicerii, 67, 330.
Primros, 168, 325.
Princeps, 45, 244, 362.
Prior, right to appoint the, of Lesma-
hagow, 135.
of Urquhart, 205.
of St. Andrews, 211.
Proceres et milites regis, 42.
Profession by a Bishop to his Metro-
politan, 54.
"sine professione," 63, 64, 268.
Proloquere, 29, 99, 115.
Proprios usus in, 325.
Prosper Aquitanus, 446.
Province of Fife and Fothrithi,
66.
Provincia Castrensis. See Castrensis.
Prudentia vestra, 38.
Pudechin (Puthachin), mill of, granted
to the Priory of St. Andrews,
125, 127.
Queens of England, 264, 450. See
Margaret, Matilda, Sibilla.
Quendal, 46, 302.
Quercetanus' edition of Alcuin, 226.
Quickswood, Arnold, David and
Thomas of, 254.
Quikege (Quikhege), 152, 153.
Quincey, de, Roger, 303.
Seyer, gift to Dumfermline, 325.
De Quinceys of Tranent, 421.
Quitancia, 10.
R
R., magister, 208.
Rabi (Rayby Grange), 197, 437.
Radepo, 149.
Radulf, 95, 184.
Abbot of Newbattle, 379.
Anglicus, 28.
capellanus, 174.
nephew of the Bishop of St.
Andrews, 75, 297, 308, 408,
447-
priest of Tottenham, 48.
Radulf — continued.
son of Arth, 48.
son of Dunegal 86, 96, 152, 186.
son of Guido de Rossedale,
408.
son of Turstain, 108.
Ragewin, 56, 317.
Raingee, 330.
Raine, Dr., N. Durham, quoted, 241,
246, 250, 253, 254, 255, 256,
258, 259, 263, 265, 267, 270,
274, 314, 322, 335, 341, 346,
351, 355, 359, 364, 365, 366,
386, 399, 404, 433, 443.
Rain patrick, parish of, 308.
Raith, 325, 337.
Randolph the Guardian, 432.
Randulphus, father of Robert, 155,
140.
Ranerus, brother of Aldred, and son
of Ulf, 272.
Rann', Archidiaconus, 100.
Ranulf Meschin, Earl of Chester,
Lord of Cumberland, 49, 301,
307, 308, 318, 361, 363, 373-
Ranulf Flambard, Bishop of Durham,
247.
Rape, a plea of the Crown, 308.
Raperlaw, 152, 153, 408.
Rauendena. See Redden.
Rayne (Rane, Schira de), 89, 355.
Raynerius, Cardinal, 130, 393.
Reading Abbey, charter to, by King
David of Rindalgros, 123, 163,
390, 414.
chartulary, 131, 1 86, 387, 390,
394.
monks of, 123, 371, 387, 388, 390,
414.
Reconciliation, land given in, for an
accidental homicide, 405.
Recordatio, vir piissimae recorda-
tionis, 9.
Rector Scolarum, 12, 246.
Redden, ( Rauendena, Reuedene), 138,
157, 398, 399-
Redditiones de Bedford, 51.
Redditus, of a burgh, 89, 117, 140,
141, 142.
Redesdale, 277.
Redon, Chartulaire de 1'Abbaye de,
229, 256.
Reeves, Dr., "Culdees," quoted.
See"Culdees."
opinion as to the grant by Donald,
son of King Conchat, 243.
Refectio ponds. See Bridges.
Regalia, 255.
500
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Regality of Ancrum, 303.
Regninton (Reinintun). See Renton.
Reinwald (Rognwald), Earl of Orkney,
ioo, 366.
Religiosi viri, 7, 60, 129, 141, 194,
196, 300, 436.
Rem. Cardinal, tit. S. Stephen, in
Coelio Monte, 130, 393.
Rend, Robert de, 50.
Renfrew, a toft and fishing in, granted
toHolyrood, 117, 385; a toft and
a ship and a fishing in, granted
to Kelso, 158.
Renfrewshire, 362.
Renner, Alwinus, and his wife, 82,
184, 1 86, 345, 429.
Rennerius, Gillexus, 345, 429.
Renton (Raynton, Regninton, Reinin-
tun) granted to the Priory of
Durham, 12, 14, 15, 17, 55,
248, 254.
Reoch, 227.
Resignation of a bishopric, 33, 36, 39,
290, 291.
Respectum, ponere in, 92, 359.
Respondere de placitis, 51, 76, 83,
200.
Reston (Ristun) granted to the Priory
of Durham, 13, 14, 15, 17, 55,
253. 254.
Reuedene. See Redden.
Rex Anglorum, 14.
Scottorum, passim.
designatus (Henry), 124, 126, 128,
393-
Rhind parish, 390.
Rhydderch Hael, King, 300.
Ri (King of a Province), 223.
Ribble, River, 373.
Ricardus, 101, 209, 212, 214, 371.
capellanus, 69, 105, 136, 166, 211.
clericus, 103, 115, 371.
of Hexham. See Hexham.
son of Anketillus, 437-
son of Esulf, 272.
Richeldoun, 180, 324.
Richmond, Alan, Earl of, 369.
Riddale, Ansketin de, 424.
Walter de, 123, 140, 141, 150, 151,
159, 171, I79» 182, 1 88, 195,
197, 200, 20 1, 424; King David's
charter to, 179, 424.
Riddells of Cranston, 424.
of Lilliesleaf, 303.
Mr. John, quoted, 224.
Ridel, Gervasius, 47, 93, 98, 105,
108 (bis), 1 10, 138, 159, 408,
424.
Ridel — continued.
his wife Christiana, 408.
Radulf, brother of Gervase, 408.
Ridell, G., Sheriff of Roxburgh, 92,
359-
Ridill (Ridel), Hugo, 197, 199.
Rievalle (Rievaulx) Abbey — abbot,
107, 109, 339, 340, 449.
Rigg, Mr. Hugh, 389.
Rindalgros granted to Reading Abbey,
123, 317, 390.
the tithes of, to be paid, 163, 414.
Ring of the Bishop of St. Andrews, 289.
of the Bishop of Durham, 367.
Risleton, William de, 272.
Riston. See Reston.
Roger de, 255.
Great, 255.
Robedd'ne, 149.
Robert I. (the Bruce), 260, 385, 386,
405, 407, 437.
Robert III., 251, 317, 405.
Robert the Archdeacon, 306.
aux blanches mains, Earl of Leices-
ter, etc., 372.
brother of the Bishop of St.
Andrews, 60 ; becomes a canon
in St. Andrews Priory and en-
dows the Priory with his church
of Tyninghame, 391.
camerarius, 128, 201.
canon of St. Oswald's, prior of St.
Andrews. See St. Andrews,
clericus, 174.
the Duke, 241.
frater, 23, 270.
de Monte, 294.
scriptor, 215.
son of Turet, 159.
son of Engerrannus, 272.
son of Galfrid, 150.
son of Godewin, 247, 251.
son of Haimon, 14.
son of Ingell, 47, 305.
son of Nigellus, 42, 58, 88, 293, 354.
son of Randulphus, 155, 410.
son of Swain, 306.
son of Vitalis. See Fitz Violi.
son of Widon, 87, 140, 404.
son of William, 404.
Robertson, E. W., "Early Kings,"
quoted, 219, 220, 225, 230, 243,
265, 283, 285.
Dr. Joseph, quoted, 219, 236, 310,
427.
Mr. William, quoted, 240, 241,
250, 253, 258.
of Hill of Cowie, 287.
INDEX
501
Roch, Gilchrist, a serf, 318.
Rochester, Ralph, Bishop of, 264.
Rod, son of Duneg, 408.
Rodmanan, 125, 127.
Roger the Archdeacon, 48, 306.
camerarius, 214.
Earl de Montgomery, "The Poict-
evin," 373, 374.
the janitor, 191, 192, 194, 195.
miles, nephew of the Bishop of
St. Andrews, 75, 102, 104, 108,
186, 297.
prior of Dunfermline, 102.
son of Nigel, 51.
sub-prior of Durham, 72.
Rogius, presbyter, 169.
Rognwald(Reinwald), Earl of Orkney,
100, 366.
Romelie, Alice de, daughter of Wil-
liam Meschin, wife of William
Fitz Duncan, 272, 273.
Alice de, daughter of William
Fitz Duncan, 437.
Cecilia de, wife of William Meschin,
272.
Romney nunnery, 267.
Ronan, monachus et abbas, 4.
Rosabard (Upper), 2, 224.
Rosebery, Earl of, 331.
Rosemarkie, 427.
Rosmarkensis, Bishop (Macbeth), 63.
Rosnat, Magnum Monasterium, 227.
Ross, Bishops of, Macbeth, 426.
Symon, 181, 426.
the men of the Abbey of Dunferm-
fermline worked on the fortifica-
tions of the King's castle in, 333.
Ross and Moray, revolt of, A.D. 1179,
273-
Rossedale, Guido de, 408.
Turg. de, 408.
Rossinderach, Abthainrie of, 223.
Rossyth, Wester, port at, 324.
Rostinoth, prior of, Robert, 211.
Rotheri (Rothri), Comes, 30, 63, 284.
Rothesay, Earl of, 238, 239.
Round, Mr., quoted, 256, 257, 309,
320, 367, 373-
Roxburgh. Burgh, 27, 56, 69, 73,
87, 93, 132, 154, 157, 1 88, 191,
192, 192, 193, 194, 195. 276,
409, 440.
lands in, granted to Dryburgh
Abbey, 154, 191, 192, I94> 195 '>
to Jedburgh Abbey, 408 ; to
Kelso Abbey, 157; to Selkirk
Abbey, 27 ; St. John's Church
in the Castle of Roxburgh, 59.
Roxburgh— continued.
forty shillings from the census of,
granted to the Abbey of Kelso,
157; reference to customs taken
at, 308.
Abbey, Foundation Charter, 156.
See Kelso.
abbot of, Herbert, 64, 79, 82, 85,
93, 138, 140, 275, 277, 327, 386.
Castle, 332; church in, 411, 412;
a maisura in, 69, 153; a mansura
in, 152, 1 68.
charters dated at, 56, 69, 73, 87,
93, 132, 440.
Church of St. James, 157.
Church of St. John the Evangelist
(in the Castle), 60, 69, 72, 159,
332, 335-
council held at, 310.
hospital, 138, 202, 398.
the King's lordship of, 69.
mill of, 411.
sheriffs of, G. Ridell, 92, 359;
Robert, 140.
Adam, King's chaplain, 174, 189.
Ha. capellanus, 204.
Roxburghshire, 358.
Ruadhri, Findlaec mac, 223.
Ruadri, mormaer of Mar, 78, 339.
mormaer of Moray, 224.
father of Domnall, 2.
Ruchale (Rhuchale, Ruchalec, Rucha-
lech, Ruenhale) granted to New-
battle Abbey, 112, 113, 114, 123,
389-
Rughcestre, 408.
Rule Herevei, 408.
Ruthal, Bishop, 251.
Ruthven, Lord, 286.
Rydderch, 303.
Rymers' Foedera, 239.
S., presbyter, 90, 356. See Swain.
Sabbatum, meanings of, 418.
Sabinensis episcopus, Conrad de
Suburra, 130, 393.
Sable, Seigneur de, 330, 372.
Saca and soca (sacha et socha, sacca
et sochna), 10, 48, 55, 242, 306,
3!4-
Saga Orkneyinga, 271, 273.
Sain. See Swain.
St. Abba (Ebba), 252.
St. Abb's Chapel, 253.
Head, 252, 253.
Nunnery, 252, 254, 256.
502
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
St. Adamnan (Edheunanus), 222,
228, 229.
St. Adrian, 387.
Diaconus Cardinalis titulo, 143,
145, 402.
St. Alban's, Gaufrid, abbot of, 60,
322.
St. Andrews, Archdeacon of, Matthew,
206, 209. See Turoldus.
Bishop of, not named, 183, 378,
388,395,411,449.
Bishops, 245.
in old times the Bishops were
consecrated by the Pope or
by the Archbishop of Canter-
bury, 22, 289.
David, 234.
Eadmer. See Eadmer.
Ernald, 391.
Fothad (Fodanus, Modach), 4,
9, 242.
Maldunus, 6, 233.
Modach, 9. See Fothad.
Richard, 404.
Robert, 43, 44, 53, 59, 63, 64,
67, 68, 72, 74, 75, 76, 82, 94,
102, 119, 122, 124, 126, 128,
129, 132, 140, 141, 142, 144,
146, 148, 152, 156, 165, 171,
172, 173, 174, 181, 182, 184,
185, 187, 188, 195, 201, 205,
2O§, 2IO, 211, 213, 214, 233,
313, 314, 322, 357, 372, 385,
390, 395, 403, 416, 417, 449 5
consecrated, 59, 63, 313, 322;
charter by, to Coldingham, 59 ;
to the Priory of St. Andrews,
124; to the Abbey of Holy-
rood, 165; his life, 297; his
brother Robert, 60 ; his nephews
Randulf, Robert and Roger,
75, 76, 186; his Steward God-
win, 60; his chamberlain God-
win, 60 ; his chaplain William,
75-
Roger, 432.
Turgot, 261, 264 289; death,
28, 263.
Tuadal (Twalda, Tuthald), 7,
233, 234-
William, 234.
William, monk of St. Edmunds,
administered the diocese before
the election of Eadmer, 289.
the Bishop's barony, 432.
Black book of, 394.
Burgh, foundation of the, 132,
395-
St. Andrews — continued.
Burgh,. 125, 213, 395; tofts in,
395 ; charter granted at, 183.
canons of, 91, 124, 125, 126, 127,
128, 129, 132, 143, 144, 151,
l82, 183, 187, 201, 211, 212,
213, 357, 388, 390, 39i, 392,
393, 394, 402.
Castle, 395.
Cathedral, rents of Scoonie applied
to build the, 234.
Church, Ethelred buried in the old
church, 244 ; Church of Kilri-
mont, 56, 94, 188, 201, 244,
357-
charters to the Church by King
David, 59, 90, 93, 133.
Queen Margaret's gift to the
Church, 235 ; Alexander I.'s
gift to, 256.
diocese, Tweed was the boundary,
332.
hospital of, 134, 213, 235, 392,
396, 447-448.
legend of, 390.
Priory of, foundation, 124-131.
charters to the Priory, by King
David, 126, 133, 151, 182, 183,
187, 201, 212 ; by Earl Henry,
128 ; by Robert, Bishop of St.
Andrews, 124, 210, 211, 213,
214; Bulls, Pope Lucius II.,
129.
Bull, by Pope Eugenius, giving
to the canons the right to elect
the Bishop, 143, 402.
charter by the Bishop giving the
canons the right to elect the
prior, 2ii.
priors, John, 395 ; Robert, 128,
129, 133, 141, 142, 144, 166,
174, 206, 210, 211, 212, 391,
4°3-
agreement between Gilbert the
prior and the Keledei A.D.
1199, 432.
Registrum Prioratus, 4, 66, 221,
228.
St. Andrew, Northampton, charters
to, by King David, 50, 51, 52,
58, 310, 311, 320; by Earl
Henry, 88, 353, 354 ; by Coun-
tess Matilda and Simon de St.
Liz, 306 ; by Grimbaud, 312.
St. Andrew, Church of, at Yardley,
312.
St. Aneglas, the deacon, church at
St. Andrews dedicated to, 390.
INDEX
503
St. Angelus, Cardinal, 402.
St. Augulus, Cardinal, 145, 402.
St. Augustine, 305, 446 ; Scone dedi-
cated to, 29 ; Daventry, 312.
St. Bacchus, Cardinal with the title
SS. Sergius et Bacchus, 402.
St. Baldred restored the Monastery
of Tyningham, 242.
St. Bar, the Church of Dornoch dedi-
cated to, 366.
St. Barbara, William de. Dean of
York and Bishop of Durham,
366-370.
St. Barnabas the Apostle, festival of,
91-
St. Bartholomew, Alfricus, presbyter
of, 48.
St. Bees 150, 356, 405, 406.
St. Bernard of Clairvaux, 372.
Sententiae of, 210, 446.
St. Bernard of Tiron, 372, 451.
St. Beyn, 230.
St. Brandan, 230.
St. Brigid, 245, 390.
St. Cadroe, 230.
St. Catherine, chapel of, at Hadding-
ton, 360.
St. Clair, Henry de, 317.
St. Colm's Island, Monastery, founded
by Alexander I., 262.
hillock and well at Deer, 222.
St. Columba (Columcille), grants to,
i, 2, 3, 77, 78, 84, 220, 221,
222, 354.
his life, quotation from Bede, 221.
St. Congan, 347.
St. Constantine, Church of Govan
dedicated to, 345.
church at Wetheral dedicated to,
361.
suffered martyrdom in Kintyre and
was buried at Govan, 345.
S.S. Cosma and Damianus, Dia-
conus Cardinalis, titulo, 131, 390,
393-
St. Cuthbert, 10, 13, 14, 55, 241,
242, 247, 252, 387.
as a boy he lived on the banks
of the Tyne, 242.
appeared in a vision to Edgar, 251.
his banner, 251.
King Edgar and Earl David call
him " dominus meus," 16, 18, 23.
"relatio de Sancto Cuthberto,"
249.
translation of his body, 4th Sept.,
1104, 261.
tomb at Durham, 369.
St. Cuthbert — continued.
charters to the Church of, by
Duncan II., 10; King Edgar,
12, 14, 16, 17, 18; King Alex-
ander I., 22, 24; Earl David,
23, 25, 26 ; King David, 54, 72,
73, 79, 83, 86, 93, 119, 139;
Bishop of St. Andrews, 59, 174 ;
Thor Longus, 19, 25; Earl
Gospatric, 90; Earl Henry,
98, 99, 100, 138, 147, 189,
207.
Church of Ednam dedicated to, 19,
25-
Church of, at Edinburgh, 59, 116,
321, 336.
his monks, 251, 399, 407.
St. Damian, 131, 391, 393.
St. David's, Bernard, Bishop of, 129,
374, 375-
St. Drostan, I, 2, 3, 77, 78, 84, 220,
221, 222, 337, 338, 347 ; burial-
place and relics, 222 ; his life,
221.
St. Edheunanus. 229.
St. Edmund, William a monk of,
289.
St. Egidius, Church of, at Durham,
369-
St. George, ad Velum Aureum, Car-
dinal, 143, 145-
St. George in Velabro, Cardinal,
402.
St. Gilbert, Bishop of Caithness, 409.
St. Hadrian, Cardinal, 402.
St. Helen's Church, 254.
St. Hilario, Emma de, 410.
St. Hilda, Church of, at Whitby,
440, 441 ; hermitage, in Engles-
wood, 437.
St. James, 282 ; pilgrimage to, 302.
St. John the Baptist, Church of, at
Markinch, 234 ; at Perth, 325.
nativity of, Battle of Clithero
fought on the, 272.
St. John, Gospel according to, 219.
Cardinal tit. St. John and St. Paul,
143, 145, 402.
Chapel of, at Haddington, 360.
Church of, at Merrington, 369.
Church at Roxburgh dedicated to,
72,411.
Scone dedicated to, 29.
Selkirk Abbey dedicated to St.
Mary and St. John, 26.
Knights of, 448.
St. Kenelm the Martyr (erroneously
printed St. Kentigern), 60, 323.
504
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
St. Kentigern, 44, 45, 60, 303.
born A.D. 518-530, died circa A.D.
603, 300.
two memoirs noticed, 300.
at Hoddam, 303.
at Locherwort (Borthwick), 430.
legend of the ring, 423.
Abermelc parish dedicated to, now
called St. Mungo, 303.
Chapel of, at Haddington, 360.
Church of, at Glasgow, 44, 45, 82,
85> 96, 179. 300. 302, 303, 345.
362.
St. Laurence, Church of, women ex-
cluded from, visited by Queen
Margaret, 235.
Church of, at Berwick, 148,
404.
Merebottle Church dedicated to,
3°4-
Scone dedicated to, 29, 279, 282.
St. Laurence in Lucina, Cardinal,
145, 402.
St. Leonard's College, 392 ; Hospital,
395-
St. Liz, Simon de, rejected by Coun-
tess Judith, married Countess
Matilda, repaired and endowed
the Priory of St. Andrew,
Northampton, 311, 312 ; joined
the Crusade, died, 266, 353.
Simon, Earl of Northampton, got
the Earldom on his mother's
death in 1130, 352, 439 ; the
Earldom taken from him in 1 1 36
and again given to him in 1139,
352.
Earl of Northumberland, charter
by, to Newminster, 438.
St. Machor, life of, 89, 354.
St. Machutus, 136, 397.
St. Mark, the Evangelist, Cardinal,
130, 143, 145, 393, 402.
St. Martin, 226.
(a mistake for St. Mark), Cardinal,
143-
Alexander de, charter to, 149,
1 80, 208, 274, 405 ; his brother
killed Malcolm de Moreville,
274.
St. Martin, Chapel of, at Haddington,
St. Mary, Pia Genetrix, 44.
of Cambuskenneth, Church of, 401.
Church of, and St. Cuthbert at
Coldingham, 17, 139.
Holyrood dedicated to the Holy
Cross and the Virgin and All
Saints, 116.
St. Mary — continued.
churches dedicated to, Kelso, 149;
Lesmahagow, 397 ; Melros, 107,
109; Newbattle, ill, 112-113,
114; Reading, 123, 390; Sel-
kirk, 26 ; Scon, 29, 286 ; Tyne-
mouth, 91, 358 ; Wetheral, 360,
361 ; York, 47, 305, 406.
St. Mary de Caritate, the monks of,
in the Church of St. Andrew at
Northampton, 89, 305, 311, 312.
St. Mary in Dominica, Diaconus
Cardinalis, 131.
in porticu, Cardinal, 145, 402.
S. Mariae Novae Cardinal, 145,
402.
St. Memme the Virgin, 234.
St. M'huluoch, 427.
St. Michael the Archangel, one of the
seven churches at St. Andrews
dedicated to, 391.
Church of, at Linlithgow, 357 ;
Scone, dedicated to, 29.
St. Mobheoc, 230.
St. Moldrust or St. Modrust (St.
Drostan), Church of, at Mark-
inch, 234.
St. Moloc, Chapel of, at Morthlac, 230.
St. Monan's, 388.
St. Monenna built a church at Whit-
hern, 227.
St. Mungo, parish of, 307.
St. Neot, life of, 352.
St. Neot's, Priory of, Early Henry's
charters to, 87, 88, 352, 353.
Chartulary of the Priory, 352, 353.
St. Nicholas, Church on Fidra,
329-
St. Ninian (Nyniga), 3, 4, 226, 227,
300 ; his life, by Ailred, 227.
St. Ninian's parish, 401, 403.
St. Oswald's Priory at Nostell, 29,
257, 282, 286 ; Robert, a canon
of, 391 ; Adelwald, prior of,
29, 68, 281, 332.
St. Oswin the Martyr, Church of, at
Tynemouth, 91, 358.
St. Peter the Apostle, Deer dedi-
cated to, 78, 84.
St. Peter, Chapter of, 65, 306.
churches of, at Brinkburn, 438 ;
at Inverkeithing, 418 ; at Shrews-
bury, 373 ; at Whitby, 440 ;
at York, Radulf Novellus for-
merly a priest in, 343.
St. Prosper, his text of the Gospels,
210, 446 ; Prosper Aquitanus,
446.
INDEX
505
St. Regulus, Church of, at St. An-
drews, 391.
St. Rufina, Cardinal, 130.
St. Servanus, (St. Serf), 4, 5, 6, 229,
239, 388.
St Serfs Monastery, Lochleven ; the
abbot and brethren resign their
property to the Bishop of St.
Andrews, placing themselves
under his protection, 4, 228.
grants to, by Bishop Maldunus, 6;
by Bishop Tuadal, 7 ; by Mal-
colm III. and Queen Margaret,
7 ; by Bishop Modach (Fothad),
9 ; by King Donald, 1 1 ; by
Ethelred, 1 1 ; by King Edgar, 19.
notitiae of grants to, by Mac-
beth, 5, 239.
King David grants the island in
Lochleven to the Priory of St.
Andrews, with leave to expel the
Keledei, 187 ; grant of, to the
Priory of St. Andrews, 218.
trial of a dispute with Sir Rob.
Burg', 66, 246.
SS. Sergius et Bacchus, Cardinal,
402.
St. Stephen in Coelio Monte, Cardi-
nal, 130, 393.
St. Walericius, 451.
Saisire (saisivit, saisitus), 37, 57 ;
saisisse per libram a mistake for
per librum, 291, 429.
Salkeld, a manor of the kings of
Scotland, 361.
Sallay Abbey, 272.
Salectuna (Salectunia), 75, 116, 384.
Salina (Salinaria). See Saltpan.
Salmon fishing at Renfrew, 117.
Salomon Clericus, 161.
Salt and iron, grant to the Abbey of a
tithe of the, brought for the
king's use to Dunfermline, 169.
Salter Hall, 406.
Salton, Church of, granted by Hugh
de Moreville to Dryburgh Abbey,
420.
Saltpan at Airth with 27 acres granted
to Holyrood, 75, 117, 336.
in Blankeland, granted to New-
battle Abbey, 112, 113, 380.
in Carsach, granted to Kelso
Abbey, 122, 389.
in Kalentyr, granted to Newbattle
Abbey, 114, 381 ; note on the
saltpans held by Newbattle, 381.
near Stirling, granted to Jedburgh
Abbey, 152, 153.
Sal tpan — continued.
in Stirlingshire, granted to Dun-
fermline Abbey, men working
in, to be in the King's peace, 97,
. 363-
in Stirlingshire, with as much land
as any of the King's saltpans have,
granted to the Abbey of Stirling,
140, 400.
in Werkeworth, granted to Brink-
burn Priory, 198, 215, 438, 450.
near Werkeworth, granted to New-
minster Priory, 438.
Samson, Bishop of Brechin, 180, 425.
monk of Durham, 166.
son of Leod of Brechin, 331.
Sanctuary at Lesmahagow, 136, 397.
Sarran films Sodelne, 67.
Satrapys et satellites of the Earl of
Fife, 67, 330.
Saturday Review, 219, 221.
Saxum Hiberniensium, 5» 23 1*
Say, Seiher de, 424.
Scala Chronica, 7, 236.
Scaldeford, the mill and a plough-
gate granted to St. Andrew's
Priory, Northampton, 58 ; the
church granted to the Priory of
Daventry, 305, 320, 321.
Scale Merlech, 3, 225.
Scalinga de Fathenachten, 205, 442.
Sceptre, 13.
Scholastici of York, 3, 227.
Schools of Perth and Stirling, 206 ;
of Roxburgh, 157.
Schorwinglen, 152.
Sclaty, granted to the Bishop of
Aberdeen, 89, 355.
Scone, "sedesregniprima," 286; char-
ters granted at, 44, 49, 65,
74, 83, 134, 163, 1 80, 182,
184, 200 ; a port for ships, 296.
Abbey and Priory, Foundation
charter by Alexander I., 28,
279-288 ;
destroyed by fire, 280; de-
stroyed by the English before
1298, 281.
canon of Dionisius, 94.
charters to, by Alexander I. of the
Island of Loch Tay, 42, 294 ;
of a ship, etc., 43, 295; of
jurisdiction, 43, 297.
charter to, by Malcolm IV., 316.
its subjection to the Bishop of
St. Andrews, 332.
Dubhghall of, 330.
Gillandres de, 179.
5o6
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Scone — continued.
Maldounus (Malothenus) de Vice-
comes de, 63, 77, 86, 337.
priors of, 64 ; Dionisius, 102 ;
Nicolas, 65, 68, 94, 328, 360;
Thomas, 174, 186, 281.
registers of the Abbey, 280.
the right of the Abbey to the
Church of Locherwort, 430.
Sconin (part of the Boar's Chase),
127.
Scoonie (Sconyn), Church of,
granted to the Keledei of St.
Serf, 7, 234 ; consecrated by
Bishop David, 234.
lands of, belonging to the Priory of
St. Andrews, 234.
villa ecclesiastica, granted with
the Priory of Loch Leven to the
Priory of St. Andrews, 210,
445-
Scot, Uctred, son of, 28, 46.
Scotby, a mark of silver annually
granted to Wetheral Priory, 95,
360, 361.
Scotfold, Chantry at, 329.
Scotia, conversion of Central, 387.
seven provinces of, 223 ; " Regio,"
43-
Scotice, "dicitur Chonnane," 5.
Scotichronicon quoted, 245.
Scottus, Herbert, Magister, 75.
Scrauesburghe, 153, 407, 408.
Scuchale granted by King Duncan
to the monks of St. Cuthbert, 10,
242.
Scypwel, two nets in the fishing of,
granted to Holyrood, 117, 385.
Sealing and signing, 282.
Seal of Alexander, I. described, 263.
Earl David, described, 265.
King David, 128.
Duncan II., 241.
King Edgar, 13, 15 ; described,
258.
Earl Henry, 128.
Robert I. and Robert II., 250.
Robert, Bishop of St. Andrews,
described, 322.
Thor Longus described, 274.
William II. 's great, 249.
of the Bishops of St. Andrews and
Glasgow, and of Hugh de More-
viller 422.
Seals (Seliches), taken at Kinghorn,
granted to Dunfermline, 62, 169,
326, 388.
Seaton in Derwentwater, 406.
'Secular' service, freedom from, 62,
107, 109, ill, 117, 132, 164,
175, 176, 178, 184, 188, 189,
196, 203, 204.
Sedes Episcopalis, 5.
Seez, Abbey of St. Martin of, 373,
374-
Ralph, abbot of, became Arch-
bishop of Canterbury, 264.
Selden, "Titles of Honor," 427.
Selkirk Abbey founded by Earl
David, 26, 275 ; removed to
Kelso, 156, 309, 372, 398.
abbots, Radulf, William, and Her-
bert, 275.
Burgh, 26, 157, 158, 275.
Castle, 27, 157.
Church of, 159, 185, 411.
forest, 1 08, 109, 162.
Selkirkshire, 307.
Sequela (Sequaces), 317, 318, 365.
Sentencia, 41, 49; " pronunciavit
sententiam," 67.
Serenitas vestra, 39.
Serfs, 56, 57, 121, 170, 317, 389.
sales of, 317-318.
Servitium, 425.
Scotticanum, 232.
Seterington, 257.
Setone, Alexander, 180, 325, 424.
gave Beeth Fleming to Dunferm-
line, 325.
land called, 405.
Seven churches at St. Andrews,
390.
Seven portions of the altar at St.
Andrews, 125, 127.
Seventh, every, seal taken at King-
horn, 62, 169.
Seventh part of a mill, 27, 157, 276.
of a fishing, 27, 157.
Sewale, miles, 101.
Sheriff. See Vicecomes.
Ships at Inveresk, 71.
of Dunfermline, 72, 335.
of the monks of May, 394.
of Church of Scone, 29.
can and the custom of a, 43, 62,
295, 400.
law and custom of, 296.
and boats, tithe of the profit of,
416.
Shire, Carelsira, 405.
Chellin, 166, 416.
Cherel, 166, 416.
Clatt, 89, 355.
Coldingham, 17, 253, 257.
Daviot, 89, 355.
INDEX
507
Shire — continued
Fothriffe, 9.
Gatemilc, 61, 325.
Gellald, 61, 324.
Kirkcaldy (Kirkaledunt), 9, 61, 76.
Foregrund, 427.
Rayne, 89.
Stirling, 75.
Tulinestyn, 89.
Shrewsbury Abbey, 106, 373, 374,
Register of the Abbey, 373, 374.
Church of St. Peter at, 105.
Shroud, St. Cuthbert's, 242.
Sibbald, Sir Robert, quoted, 243.
Sibilla, Queen, 28, 30, 42, 61, 168,
262, 294.
grant to Dunfermline, 168, 325.
joined in granting the Foundation
Charter of Scon, 28.
died A.D. 1 1 22, 291.
her life, 294.
her brother William, 44.
Sick, how anointed with oil, 332.
Sickness caused by the refusal to assist
a saint and cured by his prayer,
I, 222, 228.
Sigillo, Robert de, 102, 104, 132,
134, 138, 37i-
Signing and sealing, 281, 282.
Simeon of Durham, quoted, 242, 249,
264, 293, 294, 297, 308, 310,
348, 351, 367.
son of Gospatric, 272.
Sioth, father of Huctred, 108.
Si quis clause, 12, 19, 29, 30, 50, 55,
63, 90, 92, 125, 133, 142, 171,
206. 209, 260, 326, 355.
Sirach, capellanus, 243.
Sithig, father of Donnachad, Toisech
of Clann Morguinn, 84.
Sitwell, Sir George, 342.
Siward, Barn, 285.
Earl of Northumberland, 372.
Edward, son of, 63, 337.
Skellymarns, 225.
Skene, Sir John, 255.
Skene, W. F., quoted, 219, 221, 222,
223, 224, 227, 229, 232, 233,
234, 246, 281. 283, 284, 285,
289, 330. 338J 339, 426.
on Cumerlach, 319.
on the early history of Dunkeld,
244.
on King Duncan's charter, 241.
on Earl David's rule in Cumbria,
266, 300.
Note on Thanages, 355.
Skins "corii coquinae meae" granted
to, Selkirk, 27 ; to Scon, 29 ; to
Dunfermline, 62, 170; to Holy-
rood, 118; to Kelso, 158.
Skipton and Craven, William Fitz
Duncan's claims on, 272.
Slamanan, 349.
Slogadadh, leader of the army of the
Bishop, 67.
Slugedt (Sluaged), 65, 232.
Slugepah, 64.
Smith, Canon, edition of Bede, 241,
253, 256, 258, 259, 263, 265,
270, 274, 431.
Smithtun, 168.
Soap, mumae of, 287.
Soc, 10, 242, 272, 306 ; soca of
Stirling, 403; socna, 314;
socken, 242.
Sodelne, father of Sarran, 67.
Soen, Dux, 67, 330.
Solidi, 26, 42, 413.
Solway Firth, 307.
Somerville, Aston, 309.
Somerville. See Sumerville.
Soureby, a manor of the Scottish
kings, 361.
Spalding Club, 219, 229, 337, 338,
346, 424.
Spelman's Glossarium, 315.
Spey, fishing in, 205.
Sproustoun, granted to Selkirk Abbey,
26 ; to Kelso Abbey, 137, 157,
215, 276, 398.
Staff, pastoral, 289, 367.
Stainburne, 318, 437.
Stalungii, 180.
Standard, the battle of the, 262, 272,
273, 307, 355. 36i, 426 ; Bruce's
speech, 307.
Alan de Percy at, 441.
Earl Gospatric killed at, 355, 356.
"summus dux Lodonei" killed at,
356.
the Bishop of the Orkneys at, 343.
the two de Bruces take different
sides, the younger taken prisoner,
307-
Walter Espec's speech, 340.
Walter de Gant at the, 328.
was Edward the Constable killed
at the ? 379-
William the Chancellor taken
prisoner at, 349.
Staplegortun, charter dated at, 162,
414.
Starnes, son of Thomas, a serf, 318.
Statuta Gildae, 385.
508
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Stelle, 387.
Stephanus miles, 370.
Stephen, King, 108, 109, 320, 361,
439-
hastens north and makes peace,
A.D. 1136, 351.
in Normandy, A.D. 1137; in Scot-
land, A.D. 1138, 358.
intervention of his wife after the
battle of the Standard, 361.
siege of Lincoln, 367 ; taken
prisoner at Lincoln, 108, 109,368.
his son William de Blois, 378.
Steward, Robert the, grant by, 260.
Walter the, grant to, of Ednam,
260.
Stewart, Sir John, of Bonkyl, 335.
Stirling, Gilbert de, 86, 97.
Petrus, son of Walter de, 161, 166,
259, 4I3-
Walter de, 138, 161, 259, 413.
of Garnkirk, 301.
the King's Burgh of, 53, 170,
172; mansio in, granted to
Scone Priory, 29 ; mansura in,
granted to Dunfermline, 61,
1 68 ; tithe of the census of,
granted to Dunfermline, 71,
334 ; rights of the Abbey of
Dunfermline in, 313.
tofts in, granted to Holyrood, 117;
to the Abbey of Stirling, 189.
2Os. from the rents of, granted
to Holyrood, 117, 385.
405. from the rents of, granted
to the Abbey of Stirling, 140,
400, 401.
a saltpan near, granted to Jed-
burgh Abbey, 152, 153.
charters granted at, 42, 57, 71, 76,
77,97, 110,122, 151, 163,179,
189, 212.
Abbey of, 164, 189, 415; can of a
ship granted to, 140, 400.
abbots of, Alwredus, 166, 416 ;
William, 113, 141, 142, 147, 149,
151, 181, 186, 188, 212, 403;
Ysaac, 447.
Castle, Chapel of the, 146, 403.
Chapel Royal, 404.
Church of, 140, 168, 206.
Church of St. Mary at, 140, 400,
401.
two churches of, 1 68.
lordship, a tithe 'of the King's
" firmae de dominiis de Stirling,"
140, 400 ; tithe and 403. from
rents of, 142.
Stirling — continued.
prior of, William, 401.
Sheriffs, Gilbert, 97 ; William, 52,
312 ; Dufoc, 164.
Stirlingshire, 75, 336.
Sheriffs of, in David I.'s reign,
364:
the King's forests in, 118.
tithe of the King's pleas in, granted
to the Abbey of Stirling, 189.
Stitchell parish, 351.
Gilbert, the priest of, 87, 259,
351-
Stobo, 46, 302.
Stokes, Mr. Whitley, 221, 222,
346.
Stracathro, Battle of, 285, 350.
Stradkines, 125, 127.
Stradnitt, 162, 413; Stranit, Dunegal
of, 49, 308, 410. See Nithsdale.
Stramsburgh, 152, 407.
Strata publica, 5, 73.
Strathanan, 162. See Annandale.
Strathern, 223.
Earl of, Malis, 284, 326.
Earls of, grants by, of serfs to the
Priory of Inchaffray, 318.
Strathgriua, 96, 362.
Strathyrewin in Galwegia, 70, 334.
Straw, thraves of, 287.
Struuithin, in the Boar's Chase, 125,
127.
Strid on the Wharf, 273.
Stuart, Dr., "Book of Deer," 219,
220, 222, 224, 425.
"charters of May Priory," 387,
404, 414, 416.
Stuartfield, 222.
Stubbs's Chron. Pont., 239, 268.
Subdiaconus Sanctae Rom. Ecclesiae,
397-
Sublimitas vestra, 34, 37.
Sub-Prior, Roger, of Durham, 72.
Suburra, Cardinal Conrade de, 393.
Suffragans, 192.
Sules, Randulfus de, 49, 52, 102, 104,
112, 132, 134, 138, 140, 141,
150, 154, 163, 172, 197, 212,
309, 408.
William, 309.
De Sules family, 309.
Sumervilla, Walter de, 309.
William de, 49, 72, 79, 93, 94,
100, 105, 108, 112, 128, 136,
139, 141, 147, 150, 159, 160,
186, 190, 197, 309, 399.
Sunday to be observed as a day of
rest, 236.
INDEX
509
Superior regni Scotiae, 15.
Superiority, Feudal, of England over
Scotland, 12, 14, 15, 246, 250,
268.
Suune prepositus, 70.
Sureties, to restore oxen with, 365.
Surname, early Kings had no, 452.
Surtees Society, 255, 446, 450.
Sveinus, Asleisis films, 284.
Swain, father of Adam, 107, 150,
405.
father of Thor de Travernent, 72.
186, 322.
Henry, son of, 105, 108, 147, 150,
197.
Swain's toft in Perth, 57, 319.
the King's priest in Fishwick, 83,
87, 140, 184, 190, 259, 346.
son of ULkil, 18.
Swineston, 13, 14, 253.
Swinewood, 17, 55, 255.
Swinton, 17, 21, 22, 23, 55, 79, 80,
139, 256, 263, 341, 399.
charters to Hernulf and Arnolf,
79-80, 342.
Church of, confirmation by the
Bishop of St. Andrews to the
monks of St. Cuthbert, 174,
420.
Sir Alan de, 343.
Henry de, 343.
Sir John de, 343.
Liulf of, 17, 257.
Sworwinglen, 408.
Symon, son of Michael, 213, 448.
Synod at Berwick on 25th Oct., 1150,
420 ; at Westminster, 393.
Synodus Plenaria, 166, 416.
Syrand, sacerdos, 165, 415.
T. Archidiaconus. See Thoraldus.
Talla, a stream, 302.
Tarth, a stream, 302.
Taxes, national, 220.
Tay, fishings in, granted to Scone, 29,
287 ; granted to the Priory of
St. Andrews, 133, 396.
a tithe of game killed between
Lammermoor and Tay granted
to Dunfermline, 169.
half of the hides and lard, etc.,
of the beasts killed between
Forth and Tay granted to Dun
fermline, 169.
Loch Tay, 294, 295.
Taymouth, Black Book of, 295.
Tebaldus de Norham, 161, 259, 413.
Tegni (Thegns, Theini), 23, 259;
who they were, 270; Theini in
Lancashire and in Berwickshire
270.
Tempeste, Roger, 272.
Templars, 396.
Temple of the Lord in Jerusalem,
Brethren of the, 396, 448.
Teodbold, 10, 242.
Teste me ipso, 5, 81, 354.
Testes legales, 25.
Teviot, River, 399.
Teviotdale, 23, 152, 153, 193, 408,
412.
Thanages, Mr. Skene's note on, 355.
tithe of the rent of the King's
thanages in Aberdeen and Banff,
89, 355-
Thane, de Chellin, 166.
of Falkland, 67, 330.
of Fife, 244.
of Kalentyr, 349.
Theam, tol and, 55.
Theinus (Thein), 94, 102, 103, 360,
370.
Theloneum (Teloneum). See Toll.
Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury,
393-
Theoduuinus, Cardinal, 130, 393.
Thirlestan, 176, 421, 422.
Thiron (Tiron), Abbey of, 103, 104,
269, 372 ; a charter by King
David to, 103 ; a charter by
Earl Henry to, 104.
Bishop John of Glasgow retires to
Tiron as a monk, 269 ; returns
from, 407.
Cartulaire de 1'Abbaye de Thiron,
372, 373-
monks from, brought to Selkirk,
275 ; to Kil winning, 269.
Thocchesheued, in.
Thomas, Magister, 68, 206, 21 1, 214.
son of Gospatric, 406, 437.
Thor longus, 17, 19, 24, 25, 26, 257,
259 ; charter by, to the monks
of St. Cuthbert, 10; letter by, to
Earl David, 25.
son of Swain, 72, 175, 186.
de Travernent, 59, 122, 123, 164,
322.
Thoraldus (Thorandus), Archdeacon
of Lothian, 68, 75, 101, 103,
115, 126, 140, 149, 166, 174,
175, 184, 186, 201, 206, 211,
370, 371, 447-
Thorfin, Earl, 241, 271.
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Thraves of straw, 287.
Thuadhel, 12.
Thursday, Holy, 387.
Thurstinus (Turstinus), son of Leuing,
75. 331-
Tigerne, 18, 258.
Tighernac, Annals of, quoted, 222,
223.
Tiron, Abbey of. See Thiron.
Tithe, grants "cum decimis," 9, 15,
32» 47, 53> 58, 62, 65, 69, 71,
79, 81, 82, 87, 89, 94, 96, 101,
103, 106, no, 117, 118, 119,
123, 125, 127, 146, 147, 149,
151, 152, 159, 163, 166, 168,
169, 170, 171, 173, 175, 177,
189, 191, 192, 193, 205, 206,
210, 361, 390, 404, 414, 416.
cum omnibus decimis et recti-
tudinibus quam de vivis quam de
mortuis, 1 1 6.
of animals, cows, sheep, pigs, and
mares, etc., 82, 96, 125, 127,
158, 168, 392.
of annona (grain), 89.
of Argyll, 171, 205,
of barley (braseum), 82, 109, 344.
of bread (panum regis), 30.
of brushwood (virgulti), 69, 159,
412.
of the Bishop's can from Bladebolg,
125, 127.
of the King's can from Carrick, 96 ;
from the Castrensis Provincia,
168; from Clackmannan, 82, 170,
344; from Cunningham, 96;
brought to Dunfermline, 62 ;
from Fife and Fotherif, in farina
et caseo, etc., 62, 82, 109, 344;
from Galloway, cheese, etc., 27,
158; from Kentyre, 171, 205;
Kyle, 96 ; Moray, 205 ; Strath-
gryfe, 96 ; of ships which come
to Aberdeen, 89.
of cheese from Tweeddale, 158.
of coal (A.D. 1200), 416.
of crops, bladum, 163; "garbarum
et feni," 15; in frugibus, 168.
of escheats, 89.
of fat or lard of the beasts killed
for the King in Teviotdale (de
sepo occisionis), 69, 159, 332,
412.
of fish and fishings, 117, 120, 168.
of flocks, 58, 320.
of flour (farina), 82.
of gold from Fife and Fothrif,
65, 328.
Tithe — contimied.
of horses, 125, 170.
of hunting (venationes meae), 27,
62, 152, 153, 158, 159; omnium
venationum que capiuntur inter
Lambremor et Tay, 169.
of the king's demesne lands, 53,
58, 146, 168, 169, 312, 313, 320,
403-
of the king's rents from burghs —
Aberdeen, 89; Dunfermline, 169;
Stirling, 71.
of the king's house of Perth, 65,
328.
of mills, 118, 123, 169, 191, 192.
of pleas (placitorum meorum,
placitis et lucris de Kentyre et
Errogeill), 118.
(placitorum et lucri) of Argyll,
205 ; in Stirling, Stirlingshire,
and Callendar, 189.
of ploughs (carrucarum), 125, 127.
of praebendae, 62, 418.
of rents, 168, 210.
of salt and iron, 169.
of seals (postquam decimatae
fuerint), 62, 169, 326.
of profits of ships and boats loading
and unloading at Blackness, 416.
of skins of stags and does taken by
the huntsmen, 27.
of thanages, 89, 355.
of whales and sea beasts, 1 1 8.
from workmen, " hurdmanni, bondi,
gresmanni," 146.
hospital land exempt from, 449.
Tocca, 85, 345.
Toisech, 3, 23, 219, 220, 224, 347.
Tol and theam, 55.
Toll (Theloneum, Teloneum), 13, 14,
17, 172, 255.
the King s, on ships, 71, 334.
exemption from, 95, 119, 131, 132,
170, 172, 194, 361, 386, 394, 414,
419.
Tonsmahop, a fishing, 408.
Torfaeus quoted, 271, 284.
Torfin, father of Bolgyne, 6.
Torgill, 303.
Torreld, William, 133, 396.
Tottenham Church and Manor, 48,
78, 306.
Fulbertus de, 48.
Town-lands, 219.
Tours, 226.
Tractatus de dictionibus Bibliae,
446.
Tralin, Maelgirc, son of, 77.
INDEX
Trailtrow, 303.
Tranent, Travarnent, Treuernent, 59,
123, 175. 322, 421.
Traquair (Treverquyrd, Trauequyr,
Trauercoir), church and a plough-
gate belonged to the Church of
Glasgow, 46, 303.
Castle, 304.
charters dated at, 80, i ?o, 742
f _ * " Js) vJT"
forest, 108, 109.
Treasure Trove, 308.
Treasury, the, 385.
Treuenlene, 158, 411.
Treuergylt (Torgill?), 46, 303.
Treueronum, 46, 303.
Trevertrold (Trailtrow?), 46, 303.
Trial of the complaint by the monks
of St. Serfs, against Sir Robert
Burgonensis, 66, 330.
oaths of priests, etc. , 449.
Tribe territory, 319.
Trinity, Holy, Church of, at Dun-
fermline, 323; in London, 78,
306 ; Scone, 30, 285 ; Urquhart,
204 ; Wetheral, 361.
Trinoda Necessitas, grant to Dun-
fermline of freedom, " ab omni
operatione castellorum et pontium
et omnium aliorum operum," 70,
333. See Bridges, Castles.
Trivers (D' Estovers), Robert de, 308,
309-
Tuathal Mac Artguso, Primus Epis-
copus, Bishop of Fortrenn, 244.
Tullibody, 401. See Dunbodeuin.
Tullynessle (Tulinestyn, Tullinestyn),
Schira de, 89, 355.
Tundergarth, parish of, 307.
Tunella vini, 408.
Tunwald, 414.
Turbine, Ralph de, Archbishop of
Canterbury, 264.
Turbruaid, Cormac, abbot of, 84, 181.
Domongart, Ferliginn of, 78.
Turet, Robert, son of, 159.
Turet, one, 200.
Turgis Brundis, 308.
William, son of, 163.
Turgot, Dean of Durham, appointed
and consecrated Bishop of St.
Andrews, 261.
his life, 264 ; death, 28.
Turks at Laodicea, 378.
Turriff, 339.
abbot of. See Turbruaid.
monastery at, 347.
Turstanus de Crectune, 119.
father of Radulf, 108.
Tusculanus Episcopus, 130, 143, 145,
402.
Tuthald, Bishop of St. Andrews, 7,
234, 245.
Tweed, 26, 109, 157, 398.
fishings in, 108, 207.
Tweeddale, 158, 159.
Tweedsmuir parish, 302.
Tyne, River, 99, 242, 371.
fishings in the, 365.
mill on the, 405.
Tynemouth (Tinmouth), Priory of,
protection to, 91, 92, 358.
Tynninghame (Tiningeham), 10, 242;
Church of, 391 ; monastery, 242 ;
nunnery, 242.
Tryorne, 303.
Tyrel, Robert, 203.
U
Uchtred (Uhtredus), 13, 248.
father of Gospatric, 46.
sacerdos, 161.
son of Fergus of Galloway, 86, 122,
1 86, 349 ; his wife, 318, 356.
son of Eilave, 18.
son of Gilise, 405.
son of Game! the cleric, 408.
son of Gospatric, 108.
son of Liulf, 160, 161, 361, 412,
4I3-
son of Osolf, 108.
son of Scot, 28, 46, 278.
son of Sioth, 108.
son of Waldef, 46, 304.
Udard, father of Anthetillus, 197.
son of Edulf, 343.
son of Liulf, 80, 256, 341.
Sheriff of Northumberland, 258.
Vicecomes, 80, 342, 343.
Ugie, 224.
Ughtredesxaghe, 408.
Ulchil, a serf, 56, 317.
son of Alstan, 46.
son of Maldred, 64, 65, 90, 356.
son of Mernin, 65, 101.
Ulf, 10, 242.
father of Aldred and Raner, 272.
Ulfkill, father of Swein, 18, 257.
Ulmerstoun, 152,408.
Ulston, 408.
Ulvestoun juxta Jedworth, 153,408.
Umfravilla, Gilbert de, 95, 98, 100,
101, 105, 139, 148, 206, 216,
277, 361, 399, 450.
Odenellus de, 15, 136, 162, 186,
277, 451-
512
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
Umfra villa — continued,
Robert de, 28, 68, 79, 82, 85, 87,
99, 100, 105, 108, 139, 297, 361,
Uncti, 27.
Undwain, father of Maccus, 46, 108.
Uniet Albus, 18, 57, 58, 63, 65, 82,
_ 118, 258, 325.
Universalis, Gilbert, Bishop of Lon-
don, 339.
Unteedus Fuderne, 248.
Upsettington, 12, 14, 15, 248.
Urchard. See Urquhart.
Urechehem, 210, 446.
Urquhart, Church of, 204.
Priory of, 86, 204, 350, 364, 386,
442.
Usieth, 30.
Ussher, Archbishop, "de primordiis
Britt. Eccl.," 226.
Valensis, 15. See Valoniis.
Vallibus, de, 329.
Hubert de, 304.
John de, 440.
William de, Lord of Dirleton,
329-
Valoniis, Walter de, 13, 15, 249.
Valouin, Roger of, 405.
Veltrarii, 27, 158, 276.
Veltris, a hound, 276.
Velum Aureum, 143, 402.
Venatio, "sine venatione," 6, 231,
232 ; tithe of the King's venatio
brought to Dunfermline, 62, 326;
the tithe of the King's venatio
in Teviotdale, 152-153 ; land
granted ad venationes suas, 197.
defendo ne ullus venetur in prae-
dicta foresta, 162, 165.
Venator, Willelmus, 47.
Verca the Abbess, 242.
Vermandois, Elizabeth de, 378.
Vesci, de, 398,412.
Ivo de, 308.
William de, 186, 216, 308, 430,
450, 451, 453.
Vestments, 440.
grants for, 86, 90, 128, 201, 357,
440.
Veteri Ponte family, 410, 416.
William de, 408.
Via Monachorum, 347.
Vianeis, Walter, 272.
Vicar, 234, 325, 360, 449.
Vicecomes, 6.
Vicecomes, charters addressed to,
passim. Gospatric, 28 ; Hugh,
50 ; Malothenus, 77 ; Norman,
. 79,231.
Victum et vestitum, 4.
Vicum per medium, 27.
Vigilia infra burgum, 439.
Villae, 7, 9, 11, 27, 47, 58, 61, 68,
75, 90, 99, 101, 103, 115, 133,
151, 152, 153, 155, 157, 168,
174, 181, 188.
Villani, 408.
Vinet, David, 180.
Vineth, 158.
Vinget, 10, 242, 246, 258.
Virga pastoralis, 289.
Virgata terrae, 52, 133, 312, 395.
Vitalis, Robert, son of, 51, 58, 320.
Vitalis Palfrey, 320.
Vithemer, granted to the Abbey of
Kelso, 1 88, 433-
W
W., capellanus, 68, 206.
monachus de Kelso, 184.
son of . . . , 188.
Waldef. See Waltheof.
Waleran, Count of Meulan, 378.
Walerannus, capellanus, 119.
Wales, North, King Henry II. invaded,
309-
Walinus capellanus, 63.
Waliton, lordship of, 374.
Walkelinus, capellanus, 78.
Wallibus de. See Vallibus.
Walter, 184.
Walter the Chancellor, 148, 150, 159,
162, 163, 164, 167, 171, 179,
181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 187,
188, 189, 194, 201, 428, 430.
clericus of the Bishop of St.
David's, 374.
dapifer, 212.
the prior, 197, 198.
of Carlisle, 438.
son of Alan, 80 (bis), 96, 108, 110,
147, 148, 159, 162, 179, 180,
181, 185, 187, 188, 189, 197,
200 ; dapifer, 362 ; grant to
Paisley Abbey by, 385.
son of Winemerus, 42, 47, 293.
Steward of Scotland, 412.
Waltheof, Earl, 266, 306, 372.
son of Simon de St. Liz and Matilda
(afterwards Queen), went to Scot-
land in 1124; educated with
Ailred, became a canon regular
INDEX
513
Waltheof — continued.
at St. Oswald's, prior of Kirkham,
nominated for the Archbishopric
of York, became a Cistercian
monk at Wardon, went to Rie-
valle, elected abbot of Melros ;
declined the Archbishopric of St.
Andrews, died 1159, buried in
Melros, 69, 333.
brother of Dolfin and Gospatric,
46, 57, 285, 327, 328, 437 ; did
he become abbot of Croyland?
327 ; his life, 318.
Earl of Dunbar, 317.
father of Alan, 150, 197.
father of Gospatric, 30, 201.
father of Uctred, 46.
son of Alan, 197.
son of Gospatric, 396, 418.
Wamphray, parish of, 308.
Wandell, 302.
Wanevilla, Robert de, 64.
Warbreck, tithes of, 374.
Ward, heiresses in, 273.
Wardlaws of Petbachly, 324.
Wardon Abbey, founded by Walter
Espec, 339, 340.
" Warennam," in, 410.
Wark, Castle of, 271 ; taken by King
David, 351.
Warinus, Henry, son of, 49.
Warranty, Clause of, 15, 176, 180,424.
Warrenne de, Earls of Surrey, 450.
Warrenne, Malcolm (or William) de
Gwarenne, Earl of Northumber-
land, 215.
Earls of Surrey, 378.
Warrington, 435.
Warwick, Roger, Earl of, 378.
Waterville (Waneville), Robert de,
64, 65.
Wathenpole, 318.
Waverley Abbey, 376.
Wax, half a stone of, 405.
Wearmouth monastery, 252.
Welsh laws, 322.
Welshmen, ambuscade of, 309.
WTerkeworth, Salina in, granted to
Brinkburn, 199, 215, 438, 449,
45o» 453-
West Calder, 429.
Westminster Abbey, Queen Maud
buried in, 267.
Chapter House, 239.
Westmoreland, 106, 375.
Wetheral, Priory of, 305.
charters to, 94, 95, 107, 360, 361,
375-
Whales taken between Avon and
Colbrandspade, 1 1 8.
Whalley's Northamptonshire, 305,
321, 435-
Wheat, Annandale yielded no wheat
for bread, 307.
Whitaker's History of Craven, 272,
273-
Whitby Church, charters to, 202,
203, 204, 441.
Whitchnour, 309.
Whitekirk, 242, 385.
Whitherne, monks of. See Candida
Casa.
Whitimes, 180, 424.
Whittune, 424.
Widnes, Baron of, 309.
Widone, father of Robert, Sheriff of
Roxburgh, 87, 140.
Wilfrid, son of Makodi, 13.
Will of Walter of Riddale confirmed
by the Pope, 424.
Willa Slinge, 321.
William . . . , 163.
the Conqueror, 13, 241, 245, 246,
307.
II. (Rufus), 12, 13, 14, 15, 246,
248, 249, 301, 353.
I. (the Lion), 207, 308, 316, 317,
385. 386, 389. 403. 404, 408,
410, 411, 427; charter by, to
Robert de Brus, 308 ; spurious
charter of the Earldom of Mar,
427.
Earl of Northumberland, 449, 450.
deCarileph, Bishopof Durham, 240,
252.
brother of Halden, a serf, 317.
brother of the Queen, 30, 44, 285.
canon of Daventry, 51, 87, 312,
351.
Chancellor of England, 14.
Chancellor of Scotland. See Chan-
cellor.
capellanus, 87, 129, 204, 215.
capellanus of the Bishop, 75, 447.
of Egremont, 272.
Fitz Duncan (nepos regis, son of
Duncan), 24, 28, 46, 51, 68,
69, 79, 80, 85, go, 93, 108, 1 10,
119, 128, 136, 138, 150, 242,
271, 272, 273, 405, 437-
his father and mother, 271, 437.
was he created Earl of Angus?
failed in taking Werk ; wasted
Yorkshire with barbarity, 271.
gained a battle at Clitheroe, 271,
35S.
2K
514
EARLY SCOTTISH CHARTERS
William — continued.
conduct at the Battle of the Stan-
dard, 272.
marriage ; charters by ; put in pos-
session of Skipton and Craven ;
was he opposed to King David ?
272.
grant to St. Bees, 150.
death ; his widow and children ;
his son, William of Egremont,
272-273 ; a pretended son, 273.
a son whom all the Scots wished
to take for their King, 273.
of Malmesbury, 294.
(Meschin), Lord of Copeland, 437 ;
married Cecilia de Romelie ;
had a daughter, Alice, wife of
William Fitz Duncan, 272 ; gave
Waltheof, brother of Dolfin,
lands in Cumberland, 318, 437 ;
restored the church of St. Bees,
406.
monk of St. Edmund, administered
the diocese of St. Andrews, 289.
nepos Willelmi Cumin, 369.
Seneschallus of Hugo de More-
ville, 176.
the Sheriff, 52, 312.
son of Henry I., 22, 23, 267.
son of the Earl (of Fife), 136, 397.
son of Nigel, 260.
son of Thorald, 396.
son of Turgis, 163.
son of Udard, Sheriff of North-
umberland, 258.
son of Patrick, Earl of Dunbar,
278.
Wiliges, 58, 320, 321.
Willow plantation, 75, 336.
Winchester, Bishop of, 393.
siege of, 368.
the Empress and King David de-
feated at, 397.
Windsor, council at, A.D. 1072, 236.
Winemerus, Walter, son of, 42, 47,
293.
Witnesses or compurgators, 331.
Wittburgis, Osulf, 138, 398.
Wolsey, Cardinal, 251.
Women not allowed to enter the
Church of St. Laurence, 235.
Wood for building, 26, 27, 62, 112,
113, 127, 151, 167, 169, 194,
196, 197, 379, 406, 416.
Wood, stack of, at Berwick, 398.
Woodhorn, a fishing, 207, 443.
Woodhornstelle, 387, 443.
Wool, a last of, 296.
Wooley, 278.
Worcester, Archdeacon of, William
Cumyn, 369.
Nicolas, prior of, 290.
Florence of, 310.
Wordsworth quoted, 273.
Worgis Church, granted to Dryburgh,
175, 421.
Workington, 406.
Wrecks, 17, 255.
Wydo, de Balliol, 207, 443.
Wymet, Church of, 168, 206, 443.
Wyntoun's Chronicle, 228, 233, 240,
243, 244, 245, 287, 294, 387,
392, 407, 450.
Wyon's Great Seals, 249.
Wythelawe, 157.
Xernwingeslawe, 408.
Yardley Hastings (Jerdelai, Gerdelai),
47, 52, 58, 267, 305, 312,
321.
Yarrow (Gierua), River, 27, 157,
275-
Ymarus, Cardinal, 130, 143, 145,
393> 402.
York, Alcuin born at, 226 ; synod at,
Abbey of St. Mary, 47, 107, 305,
340, 361, 375 ; charter chest of
the, 360.
abbot, Gaufrid, 64.
Archbishop, dispute between the
Archbishops of Canterbury and
York, 264 ; the Primacy of
Scotland given to York, A.D.
1072, 236, 264.
dispute whether the Bishop of
St. Andrews should be con-
secrated by, 261, 264; Turgot
the Bishop consecrated by,
261.
question as to Eadmer's consecra-
tion, 289.
Pope Calixtus urges King Alex-
ander to recognise the Arch-
bishop of York as Metropolitan
in Scotland, 39-40, 292.
letters by several Popes to the
Bishop of Glasgow to obey
York, 40, 41, 81, 292, 293,
343-
INDEX
515
York — continued.
the Bishop of Glasgow refuses to
obey, 267, 268, 269 ; question
heard at Rome, A.D. 1 125, 268.
enquiry to be made by the Legate,
49, 269, 310.
letter by the Pope to the Bishop
of Candida Casa, to acknow-
ledge the Archbishop as his
Metropolitan, 53, 314 ; profes-
sion to, by the Bishop, 54, 314.
consecrated the Bishop of Can-
dida Casa, 314.
consecration of the Bishop of
St. Andrews, declarations re-
garding his, 63, 64, 327, 328.
authority of, as Legate, denied
by Engelram, Bishop of Glas-
gow, 364.
York — continued.
Archbishop, Thomas, 14, 23 ;
charter addressed to, by William
Rufus, 14 ; consecrated the
Bishop of Orkney, 343.
Thurstin, 39, 41, 49, 54, 59, 63,
64, 81, 268, 272, 289, 293,
327, 340, 343 ; remained in
Rome the winter A.D. 1125,
268.
William, 375.
Chapter of the Church of St. Peter,
64.
Dean of, Hugh, 64; William de
St. Barbara, 367.
scholastic! of, 3.
Yorkshire, wasted by William Fitz
Duncan, 271.
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