Easy selections adapted from Xenophon : with a vocabulary, notes, and map

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https://archive-org/details/easyselectionsad0Oxenoiala

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HOPLITES ARMING

(FROM AN ATTIC VASE PAINTINGS)

EASY SELECIIONS
ADAPTED FROM XENOPHON

WITH A

VOCABULARY

NOTES AND MAP

BY

io SUR TEES “PRILEPO TET S:.. BC.

Head Master of Bedford School
Editor of ' Selections Adapted from Xenophon’

AND

C. S. JERRAM, M.A.

Late Scholar of Trinity College, Oxford
Foint Editor of the ‘ London Series of English Classics’

PRELIMINARY PART

SCENES FROM THE ANABASIS

| OXFORD
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS

Oxford University Press
London Edinburgh Glasgow Copenhagen
New York Toronto Melbourne Cape Town
Bombay Calcutta Madras Shanghai
Humphrey Milford Publisher to the University

Printed in England

PREFACE TO. THE FIRST EDITION,

THE object of such adapted Selections as these has some-
times been misunderstood, It has been supposed that the aim
is to save boys’ thought; the real aim is the reverse. It is to
get boys to think and to use their minds on the language at
a stage when otherwise they would either have had their
attention confined to Grammar or Delectus-work, or have
had to struggle at translating authors whose style is really
beyond them. Such a struggle does not, I believe, educate the
boy or make him think. He is simply baffled and bewildered
by having too many difficulties thrust on him at once, and
either buys a word for word translation, or simply looks out
the words without trying to connect them and discover a
meaning. The essence of good teaching seems to me to lie
in presenting to boys an infinite succession of problems
carefully graduated according to the exact stage of their
progress. Power is what we-want; and the feeling of getting
on, the feeling of doing something with one’s knowledge, the
pleasure of following a connected story—all this awakens
interest, makes brain and heart work with eye and ear, in-
telligence with memory, and gives in fact that sense of power
which is one of the chief sources of power itself.

These ‘ Easy Selections’ are adapted for boys who are only
just beginning Greek. They are somewhat graduated, so
that the beginning is made still easier than the rest; in the
first hundred lines there are no augmented tenses, in the first
three hundred none which are not specially explained in the
notes. All through, the words are, as far as possible, put in
the order in which they should be taken; the sentences are
very short, and there is a Vocabulary containing not only all
the words, but all the more difficult forms of words used.

The whole is intended as a Preliminary Part to ‘Selections

iv PREFACE,

Adapted from Xenophon! which has now reached a third
edition. Since those ‘Selections’ were published I have been
so much engaged with other work that I should never have
been able to complete this Preliminary Part without the
welcome assistance of Mr. Jerram, who I found had already
prepared an edition of the Anabasis on his own account.
At my suggestion he kindly gave up this for an ‘ Adapted’
edition, to act as a First Greek Construing-book. Besides
his knowledge of the Anabasis, he brought to the work the
freshest acquaintance with the actual wants of boys beginning
Greek, from his experience in directing the classical teaching
of a large preparatory school. Though I am responsible for
the plan of the book, the main burden of the work has fallen
on his shoulders, and if these ‘ Easy Selections’ should in any
way meet the wants of teachers, I hope the credit will be
given where it is due. We owe thanks to Mr. Beuttler for
preparing the first draught of the Vocabulary.

J. S. PHILLPOTTS.
Jan, 1877.

PREFACE TO THE SECOND: EDITION.

THE principal change in the Second Edition is that the
First Chapter has been made still easier than before. This
improvement has been effected, not by altering the text
(which might have caused inconvenience in schools where
the former Edition was already in use), but by additions
to the notes. The verb-forms are the great stumbling-
block to beginners, and throughout the first 300 lines every
such form likely to cause any difficulty has been ‘parsed.’
The aim of these Easy Selections is to enable a boy to

' If variety is desired, the ‘Stories of Rhampsinitus and Marathon’
(Rivington, 2nd ed. 1877) may be used as a bridge between the two.

PREFACE, v

begin construing at once, without the intervention of any
Greek Reader or Delectus. At the request of the boys
themselves the book was introduced into a form, where many
had begun their Greek Grammar but two or three weeks
previously; and the experiment was found thoroughly suc-
cessful. Should it. be thought that a reading-book is out
of place at so early a stage, it must be remembered that
by the time boys begin Greek, the chief difficulties of trans-
lation from a foreign language have been already mastered
in Latin, if not in French as well. With Grammar and
Vocabulary a boy can begin construing almost as soon as
he knows the alphabet. The need of constant reference to
the Accidence to help him in this task makes an intelligent
boy look upon his Grammar as a friend rather than as a
foe; whereas, if he learns paradigms alone for several weeks
or months, he soon loses the interest of novelty in disgust
at the dryness of the method. The standard of accuracy
need not be lowered, but the required amount of accuracy
may be achieved as completely with a more ready coopera-
tion on the part of the learner. After all, we educate non
scholae sed vitae; and if, as we profess, our chief aim is to
develope intelligence, we cannot afford to dispense with the
exercise of it at any stage.

The First Edition was not stereotyped, on purpose to leave
room for alterations. Several minor additions are now intro-
duced, and the whole has been most carefully revised and
corrected. Should any errata still have escaped detection,
the Editors will be greatly obliged to any one who will send
a line to either of them.

J. S. PHILLPOTTS, GramMMAR SCHOOL, BEDFORD,
Cc. S, JERRAM, WINDLESHAM, SURREY.

uly, 1878. :

CON TEN TS:

PAGE
SECT. I, The March towards Babylon... . I
INGEGSY coeadee Wan icn arenes bas en aon ten ome O7

fr Il. The Battle of Cunaxa and its Results. . 14
INOUCSeSerren se aan toe neers Fahey ERS

% III. Beginning of the Retreat . . . . . . 20
NOLES. Gr co) eae eee eae a

e [V3 Whe March'to. Kurdistan = + << 3 29
INGteS gore be Het ee ine ae tee a0

* V. The March through Armenia. . . . . 44
Notes ah cae ae hae ai oe er ERO

Rs VI.. Trapezus.and Sinope «2 s « 6 6 « SF
INGLOS Ie as gcd a) ed Ve ton hoes

» VII. Sinope to Chrysopolis . . ... +. 92
Notes: 6 6) a Sere 8) Se, et es fe

» VIII. Concluding Scenes of the Retreat . . . 84
WGG6S 5. 5s as no oe

Vocabulary Vr eet at ae Oe ey eer A Pee ee
Grammatical Register . - » « «© » «© © © «© © » 433

Map shewing the route of the Grecks,

DATES OF
GREEK AND PERSIAN HISTORY.

B.C.
Cyrus the Great founds the Persian Empire . = 3) Doo
Subdues Croesus and Asiatic Greeks, and takes Babylon 546-538

Cambyses his son succeeds . - * s F 5 529
Darius I (Hystaspes) . . . : . . . 521
Ionian towns revolt from Persia . ; : . ° 500
Sardis burnt by the Athenians . 4 E ‘ = “i 499
First Persian Invasion of Greece. Marathon . : . 490
Xerxes succeeds to the throne . rs : - ° : 485
Second Persian Invasion. Salamis . . : : . 480
[Athenian Ascendancy : . ; . : » 480-430]
Artaxerxes I succeeds ° P . . . : : 465
Peloponnesian War begins . s - . ‘ ; 431
Darius II (Nothus) succeeds . ; : es . 424
Tissaphernes made Satrap of Asia Minor : . « i418
Tissaphernes makes treaty with Sparta. ear 411

Cyrus the Younger, son of Darius, supersedes cea hicmie 407
Artaxerxes II (Mnemon) succeeds to the throne : . 405
Peloponnesian War ends. Athens taken by Lysander . 404
Cyrus rebels against his brother Artaxerxes ‘ Fe 401

EXPEDITION OF CYRUS.
Departure from Sardis . ‘ ‘ 2 March 6th 401

Arrival at the Maeander__.. ; : : af egtn re
- Celaenae ., = , : : ys goth 7
in Caystri Pedion . - : : May 1st ”
ra Tyriaeum . . ; : : » 8th ”
Tarsus . - " a : June 6th me
+ Issus . . - 5 > - » 28th vs

Myriandrus . . . : July 6th 99

Through the Arabian Desert . , . Aug. 8th—13th ,,
BattleofCumaxa . . . . : Sept. 7th ”

Vili DATES OF GREEK AND PERSIAN HISTORY.

THE RETREAT,

B.C.

The Greeks begin their Retreat . . Sept. 8th 401
Truce made with the king . A ‘ . » loth -
Arrival at Sittace A ; n , ‘ Oct. 11th Pf
Murder of the five generals , . ‘ - pm 20tn ‘s
They cross the mountains into Kurdistan, Nov. 2oth “
Enter Armenia. F ; f 5 » 29th 3
First fall of snow é : F F , Dec. 6th Pp
In the Armenian villages. ‘ ; P » 18th—z2Ist ,,

Arrive at the Harpasus ‘ F ; - Jan. Igth 400
First view of the sea . ‘ : : s Feb. Ist 3
Arrive at Trapezus, f ‘ : A pe roth re
» Cotyora : . . : . April 13th nr
3h OMOpe rn 7 A ‘ June 24th »
» Hleraclea . : : é A July ~ ist is
», Chrysopolis . “ : ‘ : Aug. 7th -
The Greeks take service with Seuthes . : Dec. 5th >

They join Thibron,.the Spartan general March 5th 899

SUCCEEDING HISTORY,

Agesilaus is made king of Sparta, F ; : , 898
He defeats Tissaphemmes at Sardis : 5 : : F 395
Battle of Coronea A : ; ‘ ‘ ; ; . 394
Peace of Antalcidas ° ‘ : . . : ° 387
Philip becomes King of Macedon , . 359
Philip prepares Greek expedition against patina III
(Codomannus) King of Persia, but dies, Alexander
succeeds Philip ‘ 4 : ° ° : . 836
Battle of the Granicus . . . . 4 ‘ : 334

Defeat of Darius at Issus “ 7 ‘ 333
Final defeat at Arbela. Alexander tees Batson $ . 8380
Death of Darius . : 4 : F . ee

Persian Empire completely esigeied : * . 228

bist OF ILEUSTRATIONS

HOPLITES ARMING (from an Attic Vase

Painting)... ‘ : ‘ : . frontispiece
Immets AND Toédrys (from an Attic Vase Painting) px
THE BATTLE OF IssuSs (from a Mosaic at

Pompeii) . 5 : . : A . to face p. 14
NIKE OF BRESCIA . 5 16
CHARIOT AND SATRAP (from a Sidon Sarco-

phagus) ” 35
COINS WITH Zets Zwryp (Agrigentum). CoINs

WITH Sevdovyrys (Aspendus) . ‘ : 7 wee
‘Yépopdpor (from the Parthenon Frieze) 50 oe
‘Im7ets (from the Parthenon Frieze) . ‘ - 59
‘Appdpaga (from a Sidon Sarcophagus). ee
PERSIANS IN BATTLE (from a Sidon Sarco-

phagus) . : s 5 ; . : RS 80

E. Ss.

“Immeis AND Tofdrns

(FROM AN ATTIC VASE PAIN1ING)

SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

CHAP TER: a:
THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

The two brothers. Their father dies. Artaxerxes succeeds.

Aapelov kal Tapusaridos ylyvovrat taides dv0, Kal
mpeoBurepos pev eotiv *AptagépEns, vedtepos 8& Kipos.
Aapetos 8€ aobevGy, Kat dn pedAwyv Oaveiv, BovAerat
aupotépw To Taide Tap-etvar. 6 yey ovy TpEaBUTEpos

map-eott. Aapeios S& Kedever tov Képor dva-Baivew 5

amd Ths apxijs, js éort carpanyns. 6 8 ovv Kipos
dva-Baiver, €xwv tpiaxoclovs émdiras tov “EAAjvev.
ava-Baivov 6€ AapBarer Trocadepyny ow Eavtd as
pidrov. dva-Bas 5€ 6 Kipos ert éorly év tois BactAelots,
Ste 6 pev Aapeios redevTa apres oni be yiyverat
Baotdevs.

Cyrus is disgraced. He courts popularity, intending revolt.

"Enetta Tisoadepyns d1a-Bdddret tov Kipov, pdoxwv
to “Apragép£n bre 6 Kijpos émt-Bovrever ait@. 6 5
*Apratépins me(Oeral te Kat ovAd-AayBaver Kipov' kal

B

~

ce]

15

20

30

w
or

4°

2 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

, S ) ca SEN ¢ \ , 5) ,
BovXAeTat pev ato-KTElvar adrov, 7) Se prtnp e€-atnsapevy
3 ON 2d / U Ce) ‘ bJ /, ie \ ran 2
avTov ano-TépTEL TAAL emt THY apxnv. 6 b€ Kipos an-

, \ 4 r \ 3 ‘\ \ y td
EpXETAaL, Kal 70n poet TOV AdEAGOV, Kai BovdrEveTa OTwS
, >: tS ve \ , / c ld a
Baoirevoet art’ €xeivov. kat Ilapvoaris re 1 pntnp det
ran rn x
tov Kdpov paddov 7) Tov Baotrevovta ’Aprakepénv' kal
€ a Sea / ay , oe b) a
6 Ktpos avros xapicerar tots Mépaais, bao. ad-ixvotvrat
XX 4 \ 9X e ‘ e 7 lal
Tapa BactrA€ws TPOS AVTOV, WOTE Kal OUTOL yiyvovTat LaAAOV
c a TA A lal , x \ a ,
éavr@ pido. 7 Baciret. yapiCerar b€ Kal Tots BapBapurs
Tots Tap’ €avT@, va Bow edvor Kal Em-pedetrar ator, tva
éxwow €uTerplay Tod moAeueiv' Kal aOpoile. orparidtas
TOV ‘EdAjver AdOpa, dTws AAByn Bacir€a a-napd-cKevov.

Cyrus collects officers and troops secretly.
/ X\ / > | , = ,
SvA-A€ye 5€ orpdarevpa ev Xeppovijcw Gde. KAé€apyds
éore puyas Aaxedaipdvios* 6 b& Kipos, yevdpuevos pidos
touTw T@ KAedpyw -€x€l QUTG TOAAG xpijpara. 6 be
o TE pX®, Tap-exel AUTO xpyuara. 6 be
AaBov Ta xpyuata ovd-A€yet oTpaTEvpa, Kai ovad-dé~as
moAeuet Tots Opaki Bondy tats nmodeot THv “EdAjvov.
oe \ 1. 4 ig , % “ , > ‘
atrat 6€ al noes Tap-€xovow avT@ xphpata eis Ti Tpo-
giv tTOv otpariwtGy. Todto b& 10 oTparevpa Tpeperat
TO Kvpm AdOpa. Exerta 6 Kopos xedever Tipdgevov tov
Bowdtiov xal GdAovs ovd-A€yew orparidtas, pasar sre
4, , a] / ° Lo XX na
BovdAerat orpatevecOat eis Tlucidas* obrot yap moAEuotor
Th €avtod xdpa. Kal obrou Tovodow otrws.

Cyrus begins bis march. Tissaphernes warns the king.

Kipos 5€ 75n Bovdduevos dva-Balvew GOpoiter rd Te
BapBapixov wal 76 “EAAnvixdy otpdrevpa. Kal Kedever
tov te KXéapxov kal rovs dAdous, AaBdvras Ta EavTay
oTpatevpara, tap-eivat aire els Ldpders. ovror ov

I, THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. 3

a cal ,

ad-tkvotdvta. Ticoadéprns 5& axovaas Tatra, Kat poov-

a fad fas ‘ w

wEvos TO TARI0s THS TapacKevis, TopeveTat Tpos Pacirca

\ bd / € , \ < ‘\ ‘\

Taxd, €xwv TevTakoclovs inméas. Kat Baotreds pev dn,

na \

akovoas mapa Ticcadépvovs Ste 6 Kbpos dva-Batver, xal

a cal \

avtos avtTi-mapa-cKevacerat. Kidpos d@ €xwv totro 70

otpatevpa ava-Baiver amd Sdpdewv, cal e&-edavver dia
ths Avolas émt tov Maiavdpov rorapuov.

Menon and Clearchus join. A halt. A review.
Tovrov 5 rod ToTayod TO etpds ott SV0 TACOpa* yepupa
Oe €m-EoTL TO ToTAaU@ eTi-KEerN TAoloLs ExTA. Kal dta-
Bas Tov notapov e&-ehavver 51a Ppvylas eis Kodoaods.
AAS a / Cs / € Ls \ / iq A /
Kal evTavda pever nuepas EmTa’ Kal Mevwv 0 Metrados Tap-
eoTu', €xwv xtAiovs dmAlras Kal TevTaKogious meATACTAS.
evtevOev 6 Kipos e€-edavver eis Kedauvas, modu tis
Dpvylas. evtav0a éott Bacidera Kipw Kat mapddeioos
, / 3 / 7 &é ’ \ / ps Sn 168:
uéyas TANPHS ayplwy Onpimv, @ avTos Onpever amo imToDV,
6rav BovAntat yvpvara ێavtdy Te Kal Tovs inmous.
5 a a D , Cael - \ ,
evtav0a Kupos pevet tplaxovta nuepas’ Kat KAéapxos
¢ , \ / o e Vs id
6 Aaxedatpovios puyas map-eotiv, Exwv OndAitas ytAlovs
\ ‘ a , \ ’ n 7s n
kal TeATaoTas kal togdras. Kal evravda Kipos rove?
Ps / \ 7 x an € / > Co la
e€éraow Kal apOyov tdv.“EdAjvev év to Tapadeiow.
\ / e cad x 4, \ / sf x
kat ylyrovtat omAtTat pev pvploe Kal xiALot, TeATACTAL SE
dus-x (Aol.

Arrival of Cilician Queen.. Another review.
*Evred0er é€-eXavve eis Kepaydy ayopay, cal evretber
3 BA / \ / ¢ VA / 3 r
els Kavotpov médiov, cal péver yuepas mévte. evtavda
"Exvaga 1) yuvr) tod KiAlkwy Baciréws ad-ixveitar Tapa
7. \ rs Op 4 a
Képov" xat didwor Kipw yxphwata moAAd. évredOev é&-
eAavvet eis Tupiaiov. xai évrad0a % Kidtooa detras
B2

or
°

4 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

Kvpov ém-deifat ro otparevpa aith 6 8% adOis moveirat
.er re , \ =~ , 3 a ?
eeracw Tov “Eddjver cai tév BapBdapwr év To TEdLw.
70 xehever 6€ Tovs “EAAnvas TayOjvat obtws, ws €idOacr
rartesOat eis paxny. TatTovrar ovy énl TeTTApwr" Kal
Mevwy pev éxer TO Setov Képas, KA€apxos 6€ TO Eevore-
ye pas, Kdéap
€ 2 \ov \ ’
Mov, ol 6 aAAot otTpatnyol Exovet TO LETOV.

Review. Maneuvres. Orders to charge.
‘O 5& Kipos Oewpe? mpGrov pev tovs BapBapovs* oi
Ss , t N ! ~ ® \ feet.
75 6€ Tap-eAavvovet TeTaypevolr KaTa Takers’ Eira 5€ Oewpel
tous “EAAnvas, avtos tap-eAavvev éd Gpyatos, Kal 4
Kituwoa ed’ Gppayagns. Tmavtes b& Exover Kpavh xadka
Kat xit@vas dowvixlovs Kal kynpidas Kal Tas domidas éx-
/ , : / ¥ \ ,
xexaduppevas, Tap-eAavver 6€ Tavtas, Eneita b€ oTNoas
80 Td Gpua mpd Ths Pddayyos, TéumEer TOY Eépunvéa Tapa
‘ \ fal c A x ‘4 > ‘
Tous atpatnyous Tov EAAnver, Kat Kedevet auTovs Tpo-
BadéoOa ta SzAa Kal GAnv tiv padrayya ém-Lévar. ot
5€ A€yover tadta Tois orpatidrats* Kal Hdn 7 odATLYE
onuaivet, ot b€ mpo-BadAdpevor TA STAG ET-Epy OVTAL.

The mock-charge terrifies the barbarians.

85 "Ex 8& rovrov of orpati@rat, mpo-wdrtes OatToy obv
~ Led , Deel X\ Ul ‘ ,
Kpavy?), Xwpodor Spduw emt Tas oxnvds* TOAVS b€ PdBos
ylyverat tots BapBapors. Kal Te Kidiooa devyer éx THs
b3 , \ ( ee n > “ , , ‘
appapuagns, cal of éx THs ayopas pevyovat kata-AimdvTes TA
v € .@ L* , # > ‘
ovia* of b€°EAAnves ovv yéAwre Epxovrat én Tas oxnvas.
90) 8 Kittooa idotdca thy Aaympdrnta Kal Thy Tag tod
atparevpatos Oavpdter. Kipos 8& fderar dav Tovs” EA-
tA c 4 ed ‘ / ’ a
Anvas otrw padiws doBijaat tovs BapBapovs. Evreddev
A a
éf-ehavvet atabuovs ToAdovs els Tapoods tijs KiAckias,
kal peéver 74€pas elxoow,

I. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. 5

The army refuses to proceed. Clearchus holds a meeting
with bis men.

= ry a ! , Mn ie
"Evradda of otparrat ovx eOeAovaow leva Tpoaw 16n 95

‘ / lod x
yap vouovet tov oTdAov eivat emt Bacti\€a. TpaTos €
KAéapxos Biderat tovs éavtod otpatidras levar' ot be

; ,
BadXovew avtov AlGous, Bote ov Svvatat Tpo-vevat, 0 6
ovv KA€apxos ovv-ayet Tovs EavTod oTpaTi@Tas* Kal TPO-

x , \ , ¢€ ‘ Ce / ,
Tov pev daxpver ToAdvY xpovov" ob b€ dpGvTes Oavpacovat
‘ cal a ‘ / /
TE KAL TLWT@oLW. Etta OE A€yer TOLAdE

Speech of Clearchus. i. ‘You compel me to choose between
betraying the cause of Cyrus and deserting you.’

‘“c Sy 5 a \ 0 , ” ” f) et
popes otpari@tat, pr Oavpacete OTe AxPopar em
Tos Tap-oto. mpaypact. Kipos yap éyevero €€vos pol,
Niele A / , , a a Xt /
Kal €Tiunoe pe EevyorTa Ek THS TaTpioos, Kal EdwKE jOL
XN , 5 EPI XN ‘\ fal 3 , % >
moAAa xpnuata. €yw b€ AaBav tadta eaTarwv ovK Els
> \ 3 ’ ’ e Lad \ nan x i] ra DS
euavTov aAX’ €ls vas. Kal Tp@OToV pev ETOACLNOA TpOS
tovs Opaxas, xal @peAovv rtovs “EAAnvas ped” tyar.
3 % AN fod 3 , 4 ‘ C= see b] ,
emreron) O€ Kipos exader pe, TOTE AaBov vas éeTmopEevdpny,
¢ > / pee.” > ‘ cal \ >» SS b a > ‘
(va @PEeAOiNV QUTOY GVTL TMV TPOS EME EVEPYETLOV. ETEL
dé dyeis viv od BovrAccbe oup-TmopeverOal por, avayKn pot
€aTw 7) mpo-ddovtTe tyas xpnoOa tH Kvpou diAla, 7 mpo-
1) Tpo- Mas xpi yy Sup % 7 7p
’ na
ddvtt abtoy am-tévat ped” budv.”

ii. ‘I choose the former alternative,

“ Ei pev 82) Sikara Tomow, ovK olda’ doi sé
pirow ovrwy, aipjoouwat od Kipoy add’ tpas’ kal, énel
e ca > a e 3 \ ’ 3 ef ‘\ ee
vets ov OedreTe EmecOar Emol, Eyw Eonar ory tyiv.

, XX € c > U ‘ v4 \ , \
vopia yap tuas eivat po cal matplda Kal gidovs Kat
ouppaxous’ Kat ov tyiv wey olopas ay elvar Tios, 6mov

00

-_

C5

110

20

125

130

135

140

6 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

av @ dvev b€ tpev odk Gy Suvaiynpy obre Gpedjoa pirov,
ovTe GAckacbar €xOpov. tore ody eve iWvra, Brot dv Kat
tpets inze.” tabra elvev' of b€ otpati@rar axovgavres
Tadra €n-7vecav artov' Tapa b€ Zeviov cat Maciwros
mAetous 7) Sis-xiAvor AaBovTes TA OmAA €atparoTEdev-
gavto mapa KAedpx.

Clearchus pretends to break with Cyrus. Second address to
the soldiers, i. ‘Cyrus ts justly angry with us all?
’ n , A r i? 8 ,
Evrav0a Kipos pet-enéuneto tov KAéapxov" 6 6€ ovK
0eAev lévat, TéeuTwv 5é adT@ ayyedov edreye Oappetv Tepi
4 b] 4 > \ a , ’ \
TouTwy* exeAeve 6€ TOV Kipov peta-nepnecOat avtor
devTepov Kupov b€ pera-nepwapevov, madw ovK 7)0ed€r
lévar. peta O€ TadTa svr-ayayov Tovs oTpatibtas édeLeE
/ ‘ (14 fal > ” na A € Cal ”
ToLvabe Nov ovtv, avdpes otpati@tar, ovTEe nets ETL
€oMev OTpari@Tat TOU Kvpov, ovTE exeivos Ett praOoddTns
’ & e cal fd % , e \ > ” € Ae rn °
€otiv nuiv. Ore O€ vopicer EavTov adiketoOar Wp Nuav ed
Ast eit > A! > a ’ nas ,
olta’ Wwote ovk €0€Aw EADEY Tap avTOY, KaimEp pETa-
%
TEULTMOMEVOY PLE. altyvvopwat Te yap STL éevopat avror,
kat dédorxa pr bia Todro ém-On pro Sixnv, Gre voptCe
3 n \ gee? Mess nA
noikyoOa wr €pod.

ii. ‘We are therefore in an awkward position. What is
to be done?’
’Eyol ovv boxe? od« eivar Katpov juiv Kad-eddev, GAG
yb bid ‘ tal ” \ ,

BovdcveoOar & te xpi Torety On. Kal Ews TE pevopwev
evOdde, d40 yas oxéwaoIa Srws dopadréoTtata pévaer"
kat ef 7dn doxed Hiv am-révat, det BovdcverOar dws
dopadéotata an-iwpev, Kal dws exopev Ta enuTHdELa’
dvev yap Tovtwy ovte otparnyds ovte ldudTys akids eorw
ovdevds. 6 5& Kipos yxpyomos péev éott idos Tov-

I, THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. 7.

, SS a
Tous, ols av gidos 7, XaAem@ratos b& €xOpos, ols av
Sl] \ Bs wv ‘ , ns \ 4 ‘ A
€xOpos 7° exer yap Svvapiv Kal weCyy Kal tnmikny Kat

a n /

VaUTLKYV, VY TavtTes Hyets Sp@pev Te Kal emroTapuedas
ov , b] t a , ” ~ 2
WOTE Kalpos €oTe A€yew 6 Te Tis VopiCer apioToy eivat.

The army send to Cyrus to ask his intentions. His ansaver.

‘ fal fe la v ~
Mera tatta ovp-Bovdevoayevor TEuTOVaLY Avdpas ovV
KAeapx, ot npdtwv Kipov 6 te Bovdowto moveiv. 6 b€
e
am-expivato’ “’Axovw ‘ABpoxdpav, €xOpov avdpa, etvat
NX el ’ / Lo 7 > ed ~ ‘
emt To Evdpatn totapw BovdAduar ovy €dADetv Tpos
fal x =, A | al
TodTov" Kal €ay pev 7) Exel, Tyuwpyodpeba adrov, €av bE
, € cad 3 cal B PN , 6 , ; l iv b) T STOOD bP
pevyn, nuts exe? BovAevodueba Te Xp ToLety Ek TOVTwL.
kal of pev TeppOevtes av-ayyéAAovat Tadta Tois oTpa-
, Fy € Sie ia x eo € a ” > ‘
ti@Tais* ol b€ ba-wmTEvoy pEeVv OTL 6 Kipos ayot avtovs
nr ,
mpos Bacwréa, duos b€ eddKer ExecPar atTm. AAA’ ovde
2 a € ca) lot nd <4 ” x ,
évtavda 6 Ktpos davep@s eimev Ott Gyo 70 oTpatevpa
3 \ /
emt Bactrea.

March into Cilicia. Cheirisophus joins. Tavo captains desert.

"Evreddev é€-edatvver eis “looovs éaxdtnvy moAw THs
Kirckias’ kat évradda éfjxovta vijes éx IleAomovynoov
tap-joav Kup@. tap-jpy 6€ kai Xecpicodos Aaxedarpovios
emt TOV VEO, Ex@v Extaxoalovs d7AitTas. ai dé vi}Es Gpyovv

X ‘ r, 7 / *) , hae J 4 a
mapa THv Kupou oxnrijv. “ABpoxopas 6€, evel nKovoe Kipov
ovta év KiArkla, dva-otpéwas éx Powvixns an-ijAavve Tapa

Pr 2 x € re, , , >
Baotrea’ eixe 5€, ws EAEyETO, TpLaKOVTA pupLadas. €r-

I

~

1

eal

45

55

60

teddev Kipos e€-edavver b1a Supias eis Mupiavdpov, modu 165

, / e X\ ? y laa Mp! / a XN > fel
olkovpernv vm0 Powixwy éal tH Oadarr Kat evtadda
_— , rae ‘ +. \ / c ‘
EZevias 6 ‘Apxas, otparnyos, kat Llaciwy o Meyapevs
b] A b} Lal > 4
eueBavtres els TAOloY an-emAEvTAaV.

170

175

8 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

Generosity of Cyrus.

, r.A
Ezet 5% @xovto, mavtes edeyov Ott Képos du@gor
>
avtous tpinpect. 6 b€ ovy-KaAé€oas Tovs oTparnyous
* _ n
einev’ “ Zevias xat Laciwy amo-AcAolnacw quas. addr’
>) b) i = X ed v ION b)
ovK amo-bedpdxacw (olda yap ory otxovtat), ovde amo-
Va ¥ ‘ 4 ef lf « ba ~
mepevyaow (é€x@ yap tpipets, woTe SvvacOat édciv TO
€xeivwy TAotov). add’ ovk eywye biWE@ adtovs, ovde
an 4 .
KaK@S Toujow Tovs gidovs, ol av BovAwvra am-Lévat.
3 ‘ 4 € ” ’ , ica , bes | %
GAG trwcav ot avOperot, eiddtes Ste Kakiovs elot mepl
Cig oe ee nm I] \ ee | Ls me: Tue ‘ n °
MGS, 1 Nels Copev Trept exelvovs.”” Kal 6 ev Kipos eine
a . € ieee Pl td vA \ , >) ‘\
tavdra* ot b€ “EAAnves, axovovtes tiv Kupou daperiy,
TUV-ETOPEVOYTO ALT® TpoOvpdreEpov ek TOUTOV.

Cyrus declares the real object of the expedition.

Mera tatra Kipos é€-edavver ent tov Evddparny
ToTapov® Kal evravda peta-TEeuapevos Tovs oTpatnyovs
tov “EAAjnvev €Aeyev Ott 7) 600s EootTo pds Bactréa
peyav eis BaBvdAGva’ Kai éxéAevoev adtovs A€yew tadra

” , \ /, > ‘ a € i
Tots otpatitats, kal melOew avtovs EneoOar. ot S€
orpari@rat éxadematvoy toils otpatnyots Kat ovK 0cdov
lévar, ef pH Képos b0ln adrois mAeim yxpyyata. ob

x ae | , a | Ear a ten, Se 3 !

d€ orpatnyol an-nyyeAAov Tatra Kipw* 6 6 wm-€oxeTo
Sotvat, of ev 59 mAcioTa TOY “EAAjvwy obtws émel-
cOnoav.

They cross the Euphrates, and enter Arabia. Description of
the desert. Hunting wild animals.

190 §=Ata-Bavres 5& rov Etpparny rorayov mopevorvrar ia

tis ApaBias. ev tovTw d& TO TémH 7 yh jv Tedioy Grav
duaddv, domep Cadrarra: Sévdpov 5é oddéy iv. Onpia be

I. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON, 9

¢ lal lal . bd v LA \ ~ \
Vv Tavtota’ TAEtoToL eV OvOL Gyplot, TOAAOL SE aTpovOoL
e / a XN b, ase / \ / € Xe a
ot peyadou’ joav ve Kal @Tides Kal Sopkades. ol O€ UmTELs

/ 3g7/ a x yd \ € XN »” 5) ,
moAAakts €diwKov tavta Ta Onpia. Kal ol meV Ovol, ETEL

Tis OL@KoL avTOUS, Tpo-OpapovTes EaTacav* €Tpexov yap
\ lad n er \ / 3 ‘ ew /
TOAV Oatrov Tov inmwv" Kal TAALD, ETEL Ol imTOL TANTLA-
3 / SNILA \ eee 3 a \

Covev, €molovy tavtév* Kat ov padtoy av AaBeEw Tors
BS lal / a

Ovous. Ta 6€ Kpéa TOV GALTKOPEVMOY OCvwV GuoLa nV Tois

5 ,

eAadelous Kpeact, Gmadotepa bé.

Ostriches. Bustards. Scarcity of food.

SrpovOdv b€ ovdels EAaBev* ot b€ inmets taxd emavorto
dudxovtes. ob yap otpovdol e€-epevyov Tpdcw, xpopEvot
Tois wey moot mpos TO Spapeiv, tais b€ mTépvEiv aipope-

ew € lg ‘ x > / ‘\ > i
vais, BoTreEp taTiows. Tas d€ wTidas dvvaTov HY Aap Baveu,
/ X
el Tis TaxY av-LoTain avTdas’ méTOVvTAL yap Bpayxd, woTep

n \ ee / , X X

TEpdLKES, Kal TAXY ATO-Kdpvovot pevyovoa. Ta bE Kpéa
thee a ob = \ ey TAavT TH Pag 4 o AA a
avTayv jo.ota mv. Kal é€ vTn TH €pyyw TOAAa TOv
€ / > £ € ni Lar 2 ~ mE , \
trotvylwy an-dAeto t7d Aiod* ov yap jv xépros* Kal

na !
6 otros én-€AimEv avTo TO oTpaTevpa, Kal ovK edvvavTO
mpiacOat.

Forced marches. Energy of Cyrus’ staff.

TToAAdkis 8€ 6 Kipos yjAavve tots crabpovs mavu pa-
Kpovs, OmoTe BovAoiTo ad-tKeaOar 7 7pos Vdwp 7) pds XLASv.
kat 6) more al Guakar ov« edvvavto mpo-xwpeiv bia Tip
oTevoxwplay Te Kal TOV TNACY. 6 odv Kdpos émt-oTas bY
Tois Tepl avTov aplaTois exeAevoe TOYS EavTOU oTparidTas
ovv-ex-BiBdacew tas dudgas. eet 5& eddKovy atT@ cxo-
Aaiws Tovely TovTO, éxéAevoe TOUS Kpaticrous TOV Tlepooy

na XX € / 4 Aw BA /
ovv-eTl-onedoa Tas dyagas. évOa 57 tor dv tis pépos
“ > td > nt cs ‘\ ~~ Lad
TL THS evtagias aitav’ pipartes yap Tas moppupas xAa-

195

200

205

210

215

10 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

LAN QA a ’ ”
220 pvdas eomevdoy SpaydvTes Kata ToD AOdov, ov ETUXOV

245

235

240

245

€ , e XN \ a lad 4 ,
EOTHKOTES. ELXOV O€ Kal TOAUTEAELS XLT@VaS Kal ToLKLAGas
b] é /> a v SX ® \ LY \ lal
avaguptoas* eviot O€ ELxOY Kal OTpETTOUS TEPL TOLS Tpa-
, \ , \ ° , a \ ‘\ 4
xyAols Kal Wedta wept Tals xEepoiv’ Ouws 6€ GUY ToUTOLS
9 , ye \ A 3 , x « ,
els-mOnoavTes Els TOV THAOY eE-Exdpioay Tas apagas.

Traces of the king’s troops. Treachery of Orontes.
’ a , ’ a v cA , Vd
Evtev0ev mopevopervois avtots txyvia immwy edpaiveto
\ , i. ~~ , ’ , ° € ,
kal Kompos’ 06 6€ oriBos eixacero etvat ws dts-xiAt@v
o > , a \ \ \ x ow =A
(TTWV. OUTUL TPO-LOVTES EKaLoy Kal xlAOV Kal Ta GAAG EV
TH XOpa xpjoe ’Opov d€ avip Ile 7,
7 Xora xpyoma. povTns b€ avnp léepons, svyyevis
wy Baorel, ém-Bovdevet Kipw* otros 6€ eizev Ort, &
Kipos doin att tmréas xtAlous, KwAVoELEY Gv Tovs TOV
, c / n / \ , n x 5] ,
ToAEuion inmneas TOU Kalew TOV xLAdV. Tara bE EdOKEL
TO Kvp@ etvat oéAtya, kal éxéAevoev adtoy AapBavew
G b lea 9 U fad (3 , € Wes , /
Epos Tap ExaoTov TOV HyELovav. O be "OpovTns ypadpet
EmLoTOANY mapa Bactréa, A€ywv Ore Eor Exwv ToAAOdS
inméas.
Orontes is discovered and arrested.
. , - Oe
Tavrny tiv éemorodjy didwot mict@ avdpl, ws weETo.
6 6€ AaBav bidwr7 Kvpo. 6 5 Képos ava-yvods Ths
»\ Cal ‘
émtoToAnV cvA-AapBarer Opdvtnv, cai ovy-Kadet eis THY
€avTov oxnvi énta tovs apiotovs tév LlepoGv. Kat
b] ld ‘\ cal € / ‘ 3 n e 4
exeAevoe Tous TOV EAAnvwy otpatnyous ayayety onXiTas,
, s 5 Pe 4 / AS 4 S \ £ “~
Toutous O€ éxeAevoe O€oOat Ta OTAa TEpl THY EauTOv
oknvyv. ob d€ enoinoay Tadra, ayaydrtes ws Tpis-xtAtous
OmAitas. tap-exddeoe 5€ Kai KAgapxov ovpBovdov™ 6
dé, éwel €f-AOev, Ef-nyyetA€ Tois pidots THY Kplow Tov
"Opdvtov, as eyévero. &dyn b€ Kipov apxetv tod Adyov
abe

ZI. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON, I]

Cyrus conducts the trial, ‘Tavice already has Orontes turned
traitor to me.’

“ Tlap-exadeoa vas, avdpes pido., Omws BovAevdpevos
cup tpiv mpagw 6 Te Sixarov éote mept Opdvrov rovrovi.
Tp@Tov pev yap 6 eos TaTHp €dwxe TODTOY bTHKoOY Eivat
pou ene b€ KeAEvobels td TOD e~od adEAGOD odTOS
€noAEuNoEV enol, eyo Tpos-ToAELOY avTO enolnoa Tav-
gac0a tod ToAeuod, cal €AaBov defiay Kal dwxa.”
“ Mera tatta,” &dpn, “& Opdvta, ti Hdlknod oe;” 6 be
az-ekpivato Ott Kipos ovdev ndiknoe. madw 5 6 Kipos
npota, ‘ Ovxoty totepov dmo-oras eis Mucovs cakes
evolers THY euny xepav;” €pn 6 ’Opdvtys TeToINKEvat
tabra. “ Ovxodv,” &pn 6 Kipos, “ batepov eAOwy emt Tov
ms ~Aptéuttos Bopov madw dmxds por Tora, Kal
éAaBes tadra map euod;” 6 5€ "Opdvtns @podrdyet Kal
TOUTO.

‘This is now the third time. What shall we do with him?’
s > a a lal \
"Ap ody,” pn 6 Kipos, “ ddixnOels bn’? euod viv TO
tptrov ém-BovAdevers €uol;” 6 dé ’Opdvrns etmev Ste ovdev
noiknOn. evtad0a 6 Kipos hpwricev adrdv’ “‘Opodroyeis
al no
ouv yeyernoOar adixos wept eue;” “*Oporoyd,” en 6
‘Opdvtns. madw 6 Képos npwtnoev aitdv' ‘ BovAe. ody
ere yeveoOat TO pev CuO AdeAPO Todr€utos, euor SE idos
\ , Pid e he eae | , “ ION ’ ig
Kal mloTOS; 0 O€ am-expivato, “ Ovde ef yevotpny ror
oe = a yee Ee, ’ * ” \ a
piros, ® Kipe, col y' av more dd€ayu eva.” mpds Tadra
al ; * o an 6¢6*r > 2 eS M4 cal *
Kupos e€ime tots map-otoww, ‘* O pev avnp A€yer ToLladTa

N

2

N

50

tn
tn

60

65

ov 8& mpGros, & KA€apxe, amd-pyvat tiv ceavtTod yropunv 270

\ , ”
TEpl TOUTOU.

290

295

12 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

Orontes disappears from the scene.

Kreapyxos 6& eime tade* “’Eyo oup-Bovdetw adavicew
a \ ra e , eo , , ,
ToUTOY Tov avépa ws TaxtoTa, tva pykete Sen Pudratreabat
Tottoy, add’ iv Aj) 7} Hiv ed morety Tovs pidovs.”
,» AAX wa axodAr 1) Huly EV ToLtety Tous diAous.
€ Noe v ReeM f \ es ed Sy
ol d€ GAAot EA€yor TavTa. peTa Tata GmavtTes ava-
, v rc , a 3 , PIX , °
oravtes €AaBov Tis Corns Tov "Oporto éxt OavaTw’ ita
4 a . a
ot mpos tottTo tetaypevor e&-hyov atrov. ene be 6
? , 3 4d % X ’ , ‘ fel
Opovrns eis-nrexOn els tiv Aptamatov oxnvyy, Tov
/ a eh A , ~ a > ‘
mistotatov Tay Kupov oxnaTovxwr, pEeTa TadTa ovdels
, % ‘\ ¥ cal y , é U X\
TOTOTE EldEY ATO OUTE (GVTA OUTE TEOYyKOTA’ Taos bE
’ ‘ > a 3 , ‘
ovdels QUTOD Earn TwTOTE,

News from the king’s army. Cyrus encourages bis Greek
soldiers.
’EvredOev Kipos é€-edatvver d1a tis BaSvdavias
‘ cal hed x > Vd e 4 > , Led
ataOuous Tpeis. TH SE Ex-LovoN TuEpA ALTOMOADL HKOVTES
Tapa peyadov Bactkéws an-jyyeAAov Kipw wept ris
Bactrkéws otpatias. Kipos 6& ovy-Kkadéoas tovs otpa-
‘ \ A n £ ‘is >. , > ‘
Thyovs Kal Aoxayovs Tov EAAnvwv eOapovvev avtovs,
A€éyav todde. “QD avdpes “EAAnves, od 8a TodrTo tyas
ayo, Ott amop@ avOpdmwv BapBapwr, GAN Ste vopicw
CMe ns > bd / n f f >
tpas elvat apetvovas ToAAGy BapBdapev. yéveqbe ovv
v ¥ Sf n” 3 , > ¥ ° ‘ Ld a
avopes Ggow tis e€AevOepias ns ExeTE. €U yap toTE, OTt
XN b ae e ‘4 a ~ 3 , 3 \ , bd
Kat avros éAoiunv av tiv édAevdepiay arti Tavtwr ov exe.
ey, 58, @& elds els oloy ayava Epxeode, diddfo tpas.
of ey yap ToA€ptoe EmovTar ToAAoOl, Kal éa-lace TOAAT
kpavy7 éav 8& avd-oxnobe tadra, otdéy GAAo hoBepoy
¥ .y x , , “ c , |
état’ Kat yap aicxvvopat 6 Acyav as detroit elow ot Ev
TH x@pq GvOpwror. av SF tpeis avdpes yérnobe «kai
cUToAuor, ey@ Toujow Ttovs pev Bovdopéevous am-tévat

I. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. 13

® AS a
oixade (nAwrovs Tots otkot’ olopat O€ TOAAOVS DyuGv aipn-
geoOa Tap’ euol pévery.”

An objector silenced. Fresh promises.

3 fal 7 ‘ = “a , eat ¢ .
Evradv0a VavXitns tis map-wv eine T@ Kipw “ Kal pay,
@ Kope, A€yovot ties Ore vov ba-.cyvet TOAAG bia Tov
, 7 38 fe a re > if ,
map-ovta klvévvov' éav b€ Tt ev yévnTat, ov peurnoerbal
oé dao Evtor 8€ A€yovow ti ovd ei BovAno, S’vato
a P) n 4 e a?) € x lal 3 /
av ato-dobvat doa vn-toxVel. 0 5€ Kipos am-expivato*
’ r =
SAAN Eaote mev Hiv, @ arodpes, 7) Gpxi) i) Tatpada, Tpos
x / / - X\ n ¥ > V4
Bev peony Bplay pexpt ov 61a Kadpa GvOpwror ov divavTat
oikeiv, mpos 5& Gpxtoy peéxpt ob ba yeuGva ov SvvavtTar
a a a na , ~
oikety* of 5€ Tod eyot adeAgod gidor Gpyovet maons TIS
év meow xwpas. éayv b€ vixijowper, Set Tuas Torjoa
\ c / re ” / , XN \
Tovs mpETEpovs iAous GpxovTas TovTwv. bw7w 6€ Kal
Lee J eon a € / , oe) € Xs
ExdoT@ UNav TOV EAAnvwv otedavov xpvaotv.” ot b€
axovsavTes TavTa avTot TE Hoav OAV TpoOvpdreEpot, Kal
e€-1}yyeAAov Tadra tois dAdows,

Doubt whether the king will fight. Numbers on both sides.

"Evraida Kd€éapxos ijpevo tov Kipovs “ Oiler, @ Kipe,
tov adedpov payettOai cor;” “Nal,” &pn 6 Képos,
1, 4 EES 2 45 x 3 ” , 9. 8

cimep ye euds eat adeAdos, ovK dvev payns eyo
AjWouat tavtny ty apxyv.” évravda 82 apiOuds
+ Pyae n S c , € ad , Q
éyeveto, TGV ev EAAnvwv omditat pvpiot Kal TeTpa-

, \ x , \ z n »
Kdotot, meATacTal 6 dis-xiAtoe Kal Tevrakdo.ol, TGV be
peta Kvpov BapBdpov d€xa pupiddes éyevovto, trav be

4 3 4 = ec ‘ A »” , \
TroAeutov édéyovTo eivat Exarov Kal eixoor pupiddes* Kal
aN , ae « 4 € a e ? ,
Tapa Tovtovs roav é€axis-xiAdtor innets, Gv Aptayépons
ipxev. evtedOev Kopos é€-edavver atabyov Eva mavri

300

395

310

w

15

320

14 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

nr ze: ss U 5 ” XS ,
T® OTpaTEvpaTL ovi-TEeTAypevM’ weTo yap PBao.rea
lal , a ¢ ¥ 7. x Ss ‘\ ’
325 MaxetoOar TavTn TH nuepa. enel € PBacireds ovK
3 ft X n € na € dr ” > \
€uaxeTo 01a TOAA@Y HUEpOV, ot “EAANVES @OVTO auTOV
> >} s fa lod ”~ € , 7A b]
ouxk eOchewy paxesOat wore 77) vaTepaia Kopos éno-
peveTo aped€aTEpor.

OF) os 4) asa Sa) Sa Bh

BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS,

The king is coming! Preparations for the battle.

a x v3 € , € a 2 , , , et
Ty S€ tTpitn mepa O Kipos émopeveto xad-nuevos emi
nr A n
Tob dpparos, Kal éxwv ddLyous ev Taker Tpd EavTod. al
76n 6 otadpuos, évOa euedrAev ara-ravecOat, TAnTiov jp.
tore ny Ilarnyvas, aijp Népons, mpo-paiverar eAadvvev
5 ava kpdatos' kal edOds éBda, A€ywv St. Bacideds mpos-
€pxeTar ody atparevpart TOAAG, Tap-EoKkevacpEeros ws eis
, Da XN ‘ > Deas & a XS
paxnv. €vOa dn moAvs Tapaxos éyéveto. Kipos d€ xara-
, 3 \ ad 3 / ip t 4 \ 3 ‘
mnonoas a0 Tob Gpuaros év-€du TOV Oe@paka, Kal ava-Bas
énl tov immov EAaBe Ta TaATa els Tas xEipas’ EmeiTa bE
10 €xeAevoe Kal Tovs GAAous e€-omAlCecOai te Kal Kkab-
foravOa. «ls ragi. of 8 evOds Kab-lotayto. Kai
/ ‘\ ” \ + , a , ,
KAéapxos peév eoxe 10 deftov Képas mpos TO Evddpary
morau@, [pdgevos 6& pera todrov' Mévawv b& éoxe Td
evaévupov Képas Tv “EAArveav. Kipos d& rye TO péoov'
15 kal inteis foray obv air@ é€axdoio, @TALopEVvOL Oopagt
kal kpdveat' Kdpos d8 elye tiv Kepadny WiAny.

UladNOd LV JIVSON V NOGA)

SOSSI dO ATLLIVA AHL

A

4
“7
=
é
~
wae
~
aes
ie 7
: +
SS
A :
. .
. ~*

II, BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS, 15

Near approach of the enemy. Their array.
> !
Kal 75 Te av pecov apepas, Kat of TmoA€utoe obTM
,

eatvovto. quika b& didn eylyveto, earn Kovioptds
@omep AevK vedern’ Borepov b€ Homep péAauva Tis
vepéedn epaivero év T@ TEd(m Tpdcw. Gre bE of TOoAEMLOL
Slagle 3 vA < / AI \ " , yo ‘
eylyvovto éyyvrEepov, Taxa On Kal XaAKos Ts EAapTE, Kal
€ , \ € , 4 b Sa € lal
ai Néyxau kal al rdagers KatT-epaivovto. kal joav imnets
bev Aevko-Odpaxes emt tod eEvwvipov Tov TodrEuLw>D,
>) , Xx / , 3 , . @ 4 a
éxdpevor 5€ TOUTa@Y yeppopdpor’ Exopevot SE Noay OmAtTAL
\ le b) ld N \ RPO ge e ~ Ay
ow Evdivas doniow. mpo 5€ attov appara nv, Tord
r , 9 195455 , a XN x. ba ¥
am-dvTa am adAjAwy’ tadra d¢€ 7a appara elye Spérvava
> / 5) n 3 , A , \ '
amo-TeTapéva €x TGV a€dvov, OTe Sia-KdnTEWw Tas Takers
Tov “EAAnver.

Tactics of Cyrus frustrated by Clearchus.
e ‘ if: / LF. Nee / A ee
Ot d€ BapBapo. mpos-necay otyy Kal Bpadews. kal €V
rout Kipos, map-eAatvwy atv TO Epynvet kal GAdot
» Képos, map > €pyn s
Pan x f ; heeasl f \ ! ” \
Tpioly 7) TéTTAGpoL, exeAeve TOY KdA€apyov ayew TO
lA 38 Ni , n - vd AS
OTPATEULA KATA TO PeTOVY TV TOAEUIWY, OTL BactAEus
” 3 ~. (148A pS SS a bh] x “cc an ,
ein €KEL Eav yap totro, én, “vikdywev, TavTa
he ” € ‘ - BI »” 9 /
TeTo.Kapev. 0 O€ KA€apxos ovK 7OeAEv ato-oTdoa
\ ‘\ , b) \ “ n , “
70 deEtov Kepas and TOD ToTayod, PoBovpevos py KUKAw-
ein Exatépmbev* an-expivaro b€ TO Kipo, “’Epol,”
ou a / a n an
@ Kipe, ‘ pednoe: Otws tadta KadG@s éxn.” kal évradda
6 Kipos ért map-eAatvev Kat-<OeGto TO otpdrevpa, dTo-
Brێrwv els Te TOUS TOAEIoUS Kal els TOUS didous.:

First appearance of Xenophon. Prosperous omens.
la *) a n a
EZevopov b€ “Adnvaios, id@v airov and Tob “EdAnuixod
\ ‘ ’ lal
OTpatevpatos Kal mpos-eAVwr avT@, pero eb te Tap-

nN

fe}

16 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,.

, haa! lal
ayye\Ao. 6 5€ Kipos éxéAevoev adrov A€yew Tao Ste
Ta lepa Kada ein. A€ywv b€ Tatra, tKovce OopvBov
s7 nN a ’ \ ye , ¥ egy
idvtos b1a Tv Taewv, Kal ipero Tis 6 OdpvBos etn. 6 8e

45 ZevopGv cinev bret ovvOnua Tap-epxerar devTepov
A \ e n ” ica ¥ \ 4 c
non. Kat 6 Kiopos pero 6 te €in TO ovvOnyat 6 Be
an-expivato, ZEYS TQTHP KAI NIKH. 6 dé Kipos
* CALE \ arrak's \ a ” ” 2A
eime, ‘ A€xouat Tov oiwvov, Kat TovTo ~otw. eimav be
taita am-jAavvev els 70 pecov pds THY EavTod Taku.

Victorious onset of the Grecian right wing.

50 Kal adrixa ot pev “EdAnves énadri(ov, Kal mpo-
npxovto avtior tois TmoAeulots. of 8€ BapBapor poBor-
b] 7 \ 4 \ . na ~ €
pevot ek-xAivovot kal gevyovor. Kal évradda 8) of
"EAAnves €d(mkov wey Kata Kpdtos, éBdwv 5€ aAAnAots
P|

py Oetv Spdpw, GAAG ErreaOar ev rage. 7a SE Gppara

wy = \ < , ak. bd > Be =P
55 70n vy Keva nvidxwv, Kal of inmor Epepov atta bid Te
TOV ToAeulov Kai bia TOY ‘EAAjvov. of 8 “EAAnves,
evel mpo-ldovev Ta Gpyata, bi-icravto. dAlyou be kai
kat-eAnpOnoav éx-tAayevtes’ GAAA ovde obroL Ewabov
ovdéev, ovde GAXos ovdeis TGV “EAAjvav exabev odvder ev
ts mee / . ) , , lal E.<% n =
60 TavTy TH paxn’ éeA€yeTo b€ Tis ToevOivar emt To eb

WVOLM.

Cyrus defeats the king’s guard of six thousand,

Kipos 8€ épGv tovs “EAAnvas bu@Kovras tivas tay
modewlwv, Kaimep Hdduevos Kal Mpos-Kvvotpevos dn ws
Bactreds tnd tOv aydi adrov, Suws ovK adrds avv-

65 ediwkev’ GAAG exwv Tos ov éavTd Eaxocious inréas
éoxdre 6 Tt Bacideds Toijoot. Kal yap det Ste éxeivos
€xou Td péoov Tod [epaorxod orparevpatos. Kali Baordreds
8) Tére, Exwy TO péoov Tis EavTod oToaTias, Suws ew

£

NIKE OF BRESCIA

11, BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS. 17

3 / cal ’ , / n , 3 + Ss
EyEVETO TOU EVwWVYYLOV KEpatos Tov Kupov. Emel be
3 ni a € , 7 , ’ soe 3 / e
ovdels TOY EAAlVwY €4aXETO QUTM, ET-EKAUTITEY ws JC
kuxhdéowv Tos "EAAnvas. €v0a 54 Kopos éAavver avtios,
‘ a \ € , \ \ /

Kal wkd Tovs é€axis-xtAious To’s mpd Bactr€ws TeTay-
/ n
pévous’ kal an-extewev Aptayepony Tov apxovta avtav
Laden 4 A ,
TH €QUTOU xXELpL.

Cyrus pays the penalty of rashness.

J , \

Ev && rovtw ot Kvpov é£axdcto., opiates els TO 75
dudxewr, St-eoneipovto’ mAyY Tavu caiywv, ol Kat-
eAclpOnoav audi aitév. evtadfa in 6 Kdpos xad-opa
Baotd€a kal 70 dpi exeivov otigos’ kal eds elmav, Tov
LA ope aut e o! , DAN 2 = 'N \ , X \ ,
ivopa opo,” eAavver ett adrov, kal male: Kata 70 oTEpvor,

\ , = an , 3 2S 4 b) 4
Kal TiTpwoKel 61a TOU Oapakos. ev S€ TOUTH AkovTi¢eEr TLS 80
Kdpov madt@ b7d Tov dpOadrpdv' Kal Kipds te adros
° / A tele ‘ a n \ GN wv b Dee
am-€0ave, Kal dxT® of Apiotoe TOV TeEpl adrov ExewTo ex
av7@. 6 pev ovv Kipos ottws étededtnvev' of be

, el / bY X 3 n ‘ ‘ lal X
BapBapot an-€rapor THY Kepadjy adrod Kal Tip xeipa THY
deftav. 85

Artaxerxes plunders the camp of Cyrus. He returns to the
attack, and is defeated.

Baowdeds b& Kal of ctv ait@ didxovtes els-mintovoww
b} XN 1A , ~ € S 3 oe > ,
els TO Képov otpardénedov. kat of pev ev To edwvipw
peta “Aptatov, tod Kvpov wtmdpxov, pevyovor ba
Tod éavtGy otpatoTédov eis tov otadpov, evOev dp-
pnvto’ Bacireds b€ kal of adv ait@ di-apTdfover Td go
atpatonedov, émeita S& of pev “EdAnves jodovto dre
Bacireds ein obv TH oTpatedpatt év Tols éavT@y oKEvO-

¢ a
pdpots, Bactheds Sé jeovoev Ste of “EAAnves vik@ev Tors
éavtois évavtiovs. évtad0a 87 Baoreds HOporce rods
° G

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Ld 1

100

110

115

18 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

éavtod, Kal ouy-erartero. ws 5€ of "EAAnves eldoy Tods

rh 3 4 v ‘ / J / ;
ToAEplous eyyUs TE OVTAS Kal Tapa-TeTAypEVoUS, ET-7ETar
ém autovs. ot 6€ BapBapor edevyov* Kal ot “EAAnves
37 > X\ / , , 3 fal 9X ed
€dlwkov avTovs péxpt Kans TLvds. evtTad0a be ot “EA-

” a ( ean xX fol , , = 24? na
Anves Eatynoay’ UTEP yap THS K@pNs AOdos TLs IV, Ed oVU
ol Bariréws inmels dv-eotpadyoav.

The Greeks, ignorant of the fate of Cyrus, return to their camp.
"Emel 6€ of "EAAnves évtaida éx@pouy, ot immeis dei-
movot Tov Addov. 6 b& KA€apyos TeuTEr Gyyedous emt
nt / ‘ , bJ ‘ 3 ca ‘ € ‘ n
Tov Aodor, kat KeAEvEL avTOUS aT-ayyEtAQL Ta UTEP TOU
Adgov ytyropeva, ol bE At-ayyéAAovaty OTL ot TOAEpLOL

- , Yor , Nis / Ga 3997 ,
3 evyovowv ava Kpatos* Kat €v ToUT@ 7ALos EdvETO. ED-

tavd0a 6&€ ot “EAAnves €otnoav kal dv-enavovto' kai
3 7, <4 7. > cal 4 a > \ ¥
€Oavpagov dtr Kipos ovéapod daivoiro’ ov yap noecav
91.8 , ” = ; peat, ee | : ‘ \ 9°
avtov teOvynkdta. edokev ovv avtois am-tévat’ Kal ad-=tK-
to) 5 BEES eee , i x N cal
vovvtat ént Tas oxynvas. Kata-hapBavovor d€ Ta TAEioTA
TOV xpnudtov bi-npTacpéva’ Kat et Te otTiov 7) ToTOY
= n € A n , e € ta
7V, TOUTO OL avy BactrEt Si-ypTacay. woTeE ot TAEtoTOL
fal c
tov “EdAnvev Gdetvor ijoav' aoav b€ Kal dvdpioror
‘ ‘ \ U 7 cal ‘ 3 /
Tpw yap TO oTpatevpa aptoToToteia at, Bacirevs Earn.

The Greeks learn the death of Cyrus, and offer to make
Ariaeus king.
Ld Ss Clee / € \ , 4
Apa 8& ti qeépg of otpatnyot ovv-ehOovtes eOavpacor
a4 a ” / . wv = > ca) of
drt Kipos otmw daivoiro’ édokev ov adbrois mpo-iévat
, XN , \ ¥ n > 3 na .
els TO mpdober, Kal oup-pigar TO Képo. évradda 87
IIpoxAns cat TAods eAOdvres €Aeyov Sti Kipos pev reOrij-
kot, ’Apiaios b@ mehevyas ev TO oTabpe ein, OOev wpyy-
cavto tH mpotepaia. KAéapyos dé dxovoas tadra elev

120 “’Emet Kipos réOvnxev, an-ayyédAere ’Apiat, Sri, éap

Il, BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS, 19

A ” a
erOdde &On, Towjsouev adtrov Baciréa.” tadtta eiztav
. / S \ we / TEN XN /
am-€aTELhe peV TOUS Ayy€eAovs, adTOS O& TEpt-EpLErE,

Artaxerxes calls upon the Greeks to surrender their arms
They refuse.
‘ nr , yw SN A A id XN
Mera tavta kypuKes Epxovtat Tapa Bactrdews* rv be

els attGv Padivos “EAAnv. obror b€ tpos-eAOdvTEs
eivov Ott Baowreds Kedever tovs “EAAyvas Tapa-diddvat
ta OvAa. of 6€ “EAAnves Bapéws pev Koveayv tadvra,
ipws 6€, KeAevoavtos Tod KAedpxov, ovv-eBovdAcvorto.
evel 5€ ov ouv-Ex@pouv TH yvopun, KA€apxos ijpeto Tov
Parivov & re d€or azo-kpivacOa Bacthet. 6 be etre"
“Ei pev pia tis éorw eArils tuas colijvar toAEuotvTas

n Suen , eon eet s N
Bacwrel, éyo ovp-Bovdevw vas py Tapa-diddvar Ta
” ’ AS / > , b] 3 ,
Omda* ef O€ pndepia EAs EaTL TwTNpias, Tvp-BovrAEv@
ipiy od€ecOa, mn pdvov dbvarov éati.” Kdé€apxos bé
b) , S (Ye / T€ a / os 4 98
aT-eKpiv'aTo Am-ayyedAe Tap’ nua@v trade’ Ort, €av
pev den Has idrous eivar Bacrdre?, TrAElovos akior &oo-
pela exovtes Ta Orda, 7) Tapa-ddvTes GAAw* eav Se Séy

cal x , A ey: Ene
TOAEMELVY, APELVOY TOAELNTOMEV EXOVTES TA OTAA, 1) GAAwW
mapa-Odrres.”

6 Shall it be peace or war?’ Clearchus gives a guarded answer.

‘O 6€ Padivos ceive’ “ Tatra pev 82) an-ayyedodpuer
GAAa Bacireds ExéAevoev Tas eiveiv tuiv Kal Tade’ Or,
oN ~ , A , ee bbs be ig x
éay pev pevnte evOade, oTovdal EoovTat, éay O€ an-inre 7)
mpo-inte, TéAEuos EoTal. EiTare OY Kal TEpl TOvTOU a7Ep
tpiv Soke.” KA€apxos 6@ édcfev" “’Am-dyyeAXe Tolvun
éte ravta Soke? Hyiv, Gnep kal Bacire? doxel.” “TL odv

~

25

30

-
w
vu

140

éort tabra;” &n 6 Padivos. 6 be KAapyos an-expl- 145

C2

20 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

. CE S ~ / \ wv . 38 be
vato Eq perv peropev, onordai €oorrat, ea
i] 4 bal ae , v ” € \ a
a7-lwWuEV 2) Tpo-iwuer, TOAELOS EoTat. 6 S€ Dadtros
/ an 33
mad aypeotnoe “ Saovdas 7) ToAEpoy am-ayyedO ;
r i ~ a
KA€éapyos 6€ dn-expivato’ “ Smovdai peéev jytv pévovor,
2 , L 3 a a sees 290 Fe ey , >
150 TOAEuos S€ aT-Lovow 7) Tpo-lodow. 6 TL Ge ToLjooL Ov
dteeonpyve.

Ariaeus advises the Greeks to retreat, and offers to conduct them.
Padivos pev 62) Kal ot cby alt@ wyovTo. Kal ev ToUTH
ol meppOertes mpos Aptatoy maw tjKov" otro be €A€yov"
3 a

“"Aptatos pev got ToAXods eivar Hépoas BeAtious Eav-
Lal 4 2: bd 2 \ , 3 ‘\ e n
155 TOV, Ol OUK E€acovolv auTOoV PBaolrevelV’ El GE UpeEts
Bovr\ec0€ ouv-an-teva atT@, Kedever tyas Tap-civar’
€av O€ pr EAOnTE, avTds dyow am-tévar EvOUs.” 6 8’
tal ce ‘ > a
ovv KA€apyos ijyeito trois ddAows, of b& elzovto aiTo*
\ 3 a rene) a 5 \ ! , aN
Kal ad-tkvodvto rapa ‘Aptaiov audi pésas vixtas. kal
160 of re "EAAnves kat 6 Aptaios Gpooay Gddrots otppaxot
» 4 € gy t , cy an
éesecOar ot 5€ BapBapot Tpos-wpocay jyyncesIa Tots

"FAAnow dddAws.

CHAP TER Att.
BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT.

The Greeks approach the king’s troops, who retreat in fear.

"Emel 5% tycpa éyévero, émopevovto, Exovtes Tov FALov
év befia" Kal dua HAlm ddvovtt ad-(kovto els Kopas

Ill, BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 21

me a ” a
rivas Tis BaBvAwvias xopas. evtatda edofav opav To-
, /
Acplous taméas' of 8& mpo-reupbevtes oKoTol madw

Ld / a > € lal a 3 2 2 7, ,
iKov, A€yovtes OTe odx imnets tev, GAN bro (vyta vewopeva.
x > ‘\ / oa ing ~ 3 / >
xai evOvs TavTes EyvMoav OTL Barirevs eyyds TOV €oTpa~
\ >
romedeveTo’ Kal yap Kamvos epaivero évy Kopats ov
, aA ‘ ¢€ , ww is 6 XN yy
Tpdaw@, TH € torepaia ovTE UTofvytov ovdEev, oUTE
A wy , 3 / \ Ate 6. Ww
KATVOS, OUTE OTpaTOTEdOY Earn. PaaideEvs bE, ws EOLKE,
€poBnOn TH epddw Tod otparedpatos* ebijAwaoe bE TOvTO
as if, hat = ec x ce € f; ” /, X,
Ti) voTepala’ Ga yap TH TmEpa ETEwWEe KNpuKAS TEpL
o70voor.

Tie king proposes a truce, and offers guides to help them to
get provisions. The Greeks accept both.
€ r n
O 8 KAcapxos dxovoas t&v KynpiKkwy ameKplvato*
“ An-ayyéAAeTe Batre? Ore Set Nas paxerOar mpaTov,
’ N x a XOX A i fal
ov yap E€xouev Gpicrov’ ovde ToAmNoE Tis AEyELY Tots
cA \ na a8 = cr , > a
EAAno. epi onovddv, €av py TpG@TOY Topian avTots
” ” € SS »” ) id \ / *
dpiotov.” ol O& ayyeAot am-jAavvov, Kat maAwW nKov
, ” SS ii ef x ¢€ , 4
Taxv. €Aeyov b& Gre Hovey EXovTES ayELovas, ob
a€ovev avtovs exeioe, OOev AdBorev Ta emiTHSELa. 6 Se
r / , ts > % ¢ tal A \ b] vA
KAgapxos €xeAevoev avtovs HyeloOat mpos Ta EmiTHOELA.
iN € x € lal Py z + 2 , a ‘
kal ob pev yyodvto' KdAéapxos O€ emopeveTo, Exwy TO
aTpateupa ev Ta€eL, Kal avTos 6mcO0-pvAakov.

Crossing the trenches. Activity of Clearchus. The Greeks eat
the fruit of the date-palm.

Kal etpov tappovs mAnpets datos, ods ovK edvvavTo
dia-Baivew’ €notodvto otv biaBdoets ex TOV do.vikor,
(es 2 2 a , b] , nan ¢€ ,
ot cay ev TH X@pa. Kal év TovTM TO Epyw O KA€apxos
€mecTates Tois oTpatiMTais, ev pev TH aplorepa xELpt
w \ VE , x a cal a, \ wv
éxwv 7d ddpv, ev b€ TH Seta PBaxtypiav. Kal et tis

wn

_

N

on

5

22 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

/ sag a
doxoin avt@ BAakevewv, EvaLe TOV BAakeovvTa’ Kai Gua
9- 8 9 , Q\ > a 9 , ’ ‘\ , Fs ow
avTos émdvet avy avtois €u-Baivwy eis Tov TNAdV' GoTE
30 TavTas ainxtverOat pH ov-cTovdacew aiTw. Kal Tp@Tov
\ a \ ‘ X
pev ol vewtepor €TaXOnoav Tpos TOdTO TO Epyov* emet bE
cr \ Set «2 : \ ¢ ,
Espwv tov Kd€apxov orovddovta, Kal of mpeaBuvrepor
, f , XN ol , > ,
mpos-ehauBavov. Topevopevor b€ ad-ikovTo eis Kepas,
3 ? ne a 3 \ = ’ ig Se
év ais mOAvs ciros -v Kal olvos qowwikwy' ovros 5€ qv
33 10us pev Tivew, kepadadyns b€. évTavda of otpari@Tat
TpOtov epayov Tov éyKkepadov Tov doivixos' Kat ot
A | , , e 4 ‘ ec ‘ > ~ —
ToAAOL EPavpacay 70 TE Eldos Kal TI]Y NOOVHY avTOvV. AV
b€ Kal ovTos adddpa Kehadadyis.

Tissaphernes returns with a message from the king. Reply
of Clearchus.
’ -. ¥ et ’ A ‘ , tad
Erravéa €uewar nuepas tpets’ Kat Trooadepyns jKov
40 Tapa peyadov Baciéws eAdcye Tordde, “’Eya, & avdpes
“EdAnves, yeitov oik® 7H “EAAad Kat evel eldov tas
. % “x , « , , n > ‘
els TOAAG KAKA TETTMKOTAS, 7/TOULNY Baorea dodvar euvt
b) n c.. J ‘ c > ¥ x Le Sa \
avo-cGcat tyas eis tHVv “EAAGéa, otopat yap cal tas Kal
, nN! a a U x ~ ‘
mavtas tous “EAAnvas €£euv or xapw ba Tatra. Kai
‘ ‘ vd 4 e Ud , ta
45 Tepl ev TovTwy BactAEvs UT-EcXETO pot BovdevoerOar’
es ’ heen ele x Aes, | , x Bat
exeAevoe 5€ pe epeoOu vas bia Ti €otparevoaTe ET
odes Pas} sy a ° / 3 / oc * .
avtov. pos Tatra KA€apxos am-expivator Hyeis
LA , e "a al ¥ 7
ouTe ouy-7APopev ws TOAEURCOVTES BactAEi, OUTE ETIO~
pevoueOa é€mt Baotdea* adAa Kipos av-nyayev pas
5) , . | ae cal » es * b] > , »” > 4
go evOade. eTEt OE EwpGpev aiTOY Ev ATOpots OvTA, NIXUV=
Onev mpo-dotvat aitov. viv 6%, énet Kipos réOvnxev.
ovre BovAdueOa Kax@s Toteiv TV BaciA€ws x@pav, ovTE
ed “ > , 7 > ¥ ¥ ‘
amo-xTeivat aitév' TopevoiveOa 8 Gy oixade, «i Tis pH
Avtoin quass éay b€ tts Gdia7y] Huas, Tmetpacducda
° , % , ”
5§ Guvvav Oat autor.

III, BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT, 23

Tissaphernes engages to conduct the Grecks home in safety.

‘O d& Ticoadepyns axovoas ceive’ “ Tadta eyo an
ayyedG Barret al 8 omovdal pevdvrwr, expt av TaAw
ico.” ‘O 8 obv @xero’ tH dF Tpity Huepa ijKwv Edeye
roidde, “ Bacideds pev didwat por aolew vpas els THY
‘EAAdda’ obpds 8 ad Senoer dydcae Huiv, } pay To-
peverOar os 61a didlas yapas, AawBavovtas oita Kat
Tota, On0Tav py Tap-exwuev ayopav' éav b€ ayopav
map-€xopev, OvetsOar Ta evuT7#deE1a.” Tatra édoke trois
"EAAnjou Kal Ticoapepyns ®poo€e te Kal defav Edwxe
tois Tav ‘EAAjjvov otpatnyots Kal Aoxayois. peta O€
rasta Ticoadépyns etme’ “Nov pey dr) am-eyue Tmpos

Bactr\éa’ everday Se dia-mpdgopar & BovrAoua, Téa.

madw, kat an-agw tyas els Thy “EAAdSa.”

The Greeks begin to mistrust Tissaphernes and Ariaeus. Advice
of Clearchus, ‘Let us make the best of our situation.’
Mera tatra of te “EAAnves kal ’Apiaios mepi-euevov
, a
Tiscapepynv iucpas tAelous 7 elkoow. émet d& ody
Kev, ol oTpaTi@ta, GxOdpevot, Kal ba-onTEvovTEs TOV
) a x > oe ¥ , fod , \
Aptaioy, pH ob matds ein, mpos-yeocav TO KAeapx, «at
’ , 3 / > 4 Ld ~ o ‘4 ’ cal ,
nélovv am-vevat evOds. 6 5& am-expivato adrots Toiade,
“ce? Nees a N An , A 38 . a 5
Ey® év-Ovpoduar pev tadra mavta* édy b€ viv an-
, , a X \ , ¥ by \
(wpev, dd£ouev Tovety Tapa Tas oTovdas. EmeEtTa ovdels
ta ec oa > Ss nde e / BR oS aa | cad
map-€&et Huiv ayopav, ovd€é Hyjoerat uty? Kal’ Aptaios
evOvs dmo-Byoerat, dote ovdeis idos A€dreiperar tiv.
\ , ! < o# ‘ Ls 3 \ >
Kal ef pev Tis Kat GAAos ToTapos dia-Baréos eotlv, ovK
oda’ icpev dé bre addvardy eott dia-Bivar Tov Edpparny,
ToAeplwv KwAvdvt@v. Kal iuels pev odx Exouev inméas,
tots d€ moAeplois inmmeis elol mAciaTOu HoTE viKGvTEs Mev

a
°

80

83

go

9

or

100

105

24 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

ovdeva dv amo-xtelvamev, vikopevor 5€ ovdapas av
cgoCoiueba, ef pev ovv Bacirevs BovAetar am-odr€oat
nas, te Set adrov em-opkjoa Kal Wevdoacbat, kal Torjoat
Ta TloTa EavToU amuota“EAAnsi te Kal BapBdpors ; ”

The Greeks begin their retreat, cross the Tigris, and continue
their march through Media.
> \ , 2" U ” ‘ c n
Ev 6€ tovrw axe Trooadepyns exwv THY €avTov
dvvauu 6 6& Hyeiro Tots “EAAno Topevojevots, Kal
Tap-eixev adtois ayopay. émopeveto b€ kal Apiatos ovv
. / \ 1A s ’ fal c \
Tisoadepvet, Kal ovv-estpatomedeveTo av auT@. ot O€
ea € , 4 ‘ 3 ,
EAAnves, Um-omTevoltes ToUTOUS, Xwpls €mOpEvOVTO"
Gppdorepor b& edvAdtrovto aAAjAovs Hovep ToAEulovs.
eo , 24 / b amt 5 fi: a ‘
oUT@ Topevomevot a-ixovto emt TO Mydtas tetxos, Kat
o y¥ ? a Db) an Se , > paws \ \
Tap-7AOov €iow avtod. evted0ev b emopevOnoapv emt Tov
U WE x \ 2 5 @ aN = ¥
‘ypyta TWoTawov, Tpos wm ToALS VY pEeyadAn, Ovoya
S / A AY 9 a ” XN , , \
Surtakyn’ Kat evrat0a Euevov tip vuxta. bd1a-Bavres d€
lal AY ‘\ by | , x Led 4
ToUTOV TOV ToTapor, EeTopEvOnrtav bia THs Mndias orad-
A \ wv \ / ‘ 3 , re
Mous moAAoUvs, ExovTes TOV Tlypyta ToTamov ev apioreEpa.
, > a a & ‘ » +49 al
mépav S€ Tod ToTaLov GAAN VY TOALS, Ovoua Katval, €£ 7s
fal a_a@
ot BapBapor b.-7jyov Tots “EAAnow aprovs, Tupods, otvov.

Increasing mistrust. Clearchus addresses Tissaphernes. i. ‘You
do wrong in suspecting us, for all our dependence is upon you.’

Mera taira ag-txvodvrat ent Tov Zamdtav ToTapor, Kat
évrav0a Euewav nuéepas Tpeis* ev 5 Tavrats tuepats
vnowla yoav adAAnAwv, GoTep TO Tpdcbev. dokev ody

Lal , , a“ / = \ \
To. Kredpx ovy-yeverdat to Tiooadepver’ enel b€ ovv~
fal > ,
HAVov, 6 KA€apxos Adyar tabe, “’Eya, @ Ticoadéprn,
‘ cA i lal / ERS / 3 /
olda méev Opxous nuiy yeyevnpevovs, py adiknoev adAnAovs.

II, BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 25

Sums d& 6p@ ce hudatrdpevoy Tuas ws ToAEplovs* Kat
mets OpGvtes Tabra avti-pudattoueda. Bovddpuevos ody
maboat tas Toravtas browias, Teo diddEwv oe ws ovK
bp0Gs amoreis Huy. of pev yap OeGv Spxor KwAvovowy
as Todeulovs etvar GAAjAoLs’ TOV d€ aVOpwriver
dyaddy o€ ey vopiGe péyiotoy eivar ev TO Tap-dvtt,
avy pev yap ool maca pev Odds ebmopds eoTl, Tas O€
motapos Sia-Batds' avev b€ ood Taca pev 7 Odds bia
okOTovs Gv yévoito, Tas 5& ToTayos SvaTopos, Tas OE
dxAos PoPepds.- hoBepwratyn 8 av cin epynulat €pnuot
yap optes €v TOAAT amopia Gua eodpucba.

ii. ‘Not only our hopes but yours are frustrated, should any
misunderstanding arise between us.’

Aééw 5€ Kal down eATibwv Euavtov Gv oTeEproaipt, ef
émt-xeuploayut moveiy GE TL KaKOV. eyo yap TOTE eT
cOipnoa Képov didrov por yevéoOat, voyifwv avrov
ikavoratov evar €v ToLety pas’ ov bé vov ExELs THY TE
Kvpov dvvapuy Kal Thy ceavtod apxny Gua: 7) 5€ BacitA€ws

, aA ré > xX Fide \ / /
dvvapts, ) ToAEuLa HY TO Kvpw, cot yeyévntar cVppaxos.
tis obvy ovK dv BovdrotTo didos eval aor; exw bé kab
moAAds €Atidas kal a BovdncecOar pirov elvar mir.
akovw yap kat Micovs kal GAdAa €Ovn ToAMA ev-oyXeiv
( tyes Gn) be a < id x a , Lawes lf
vuiy del, os padlos Gv Tinwpnoaiode, XpoOpEvoL TH NETEPA

t a \ , =
duvdper’ jets S€ wa-npeTHoTopEev Gor, OV povoy Tod
a? 5) N Sn a AN t chy ahs a
pcbod Evexa, AAAG Kal THs XaptTos, NY owOEVTES UTO Tov
” ” , » , N a ®
€xoyev ap oot dukatws. KAeapxos pev ov eine
tocadra’ Ticsadépyns 5€ ab¢ amexpivato*

Ilo

_

15

120

130

140

+
we

155

26 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

>
Reply of Tissaphernes. ‘We could destroy you if we chose, and
yet we refrain. Why then should you distrust us?’

? >] or > > ,
“AAN “Tbopat pev cot, @ Kr€apye, ottw dpovipws
, n
Aeyortu’ eyo b€ ce Sida, drt ovd' Byets Sixalws av
amotoinre ovre BacwArel, cure eyo. ef yap éBovdAcucba
3 , hs ie ” ‘ a £ , a ‘
an-oh€oat vas, Exouev TOAAOVS pev inTEas, Kai TECovs,
kal OaAtras, ols duvaiueda av tas BAanTew. ToAAa be
\
xopla €otw éemitndera, GOev évt-TLOGpe0a tiv. Tocatra
x \ / 3 ta s a He ° A n“ ,
MEV yap Tedta EoTLY Hyty pidAta, & Vues TY TOAAW TOM
vov d.a-mopevecbe? tocadta 5€ Opn dyiv esti Topevtea, &
nets Tpo-KaTa-AaBortes Tap-exolev Gv tyiv amopa’
n ’ t Me X > an a a 3
Tocovro: 6 elat Tmotapol, ods odauGs av d1a-Bainre, €
‘ ¢€ iad 4 € (and 3 x x 4, ec
uy Hwets Sta-wopevousey yas. ei S€ pNdeY TOVTwY UT-
a a a a rear
apxot nuiv, GAAG TO ye TOp KpeitTOv €oTt TOD KapTod, ov
c a \ la n
Heeis Kata-Kavoavtes Suvaieba Gv Ayov duly Torjoat
TO 5€ Amo, OVS Ef Tdrv ayaboi einre, Svvatcbe av

5 QVTI-OTHVal, EXOVTES OY ToTOUTOVs Tdpovs pds TO

n con rn a \ , a 3 / a
moAepely vyiv, TOs TodTOY Tov TpdTOV ay e€-EdoipeBa, ds
, .) / b) \ b) , € c ts bd / >
fovos aoeBis €ott Kal aicxpos; nmeis, @ KAeapxe, ovx
tad a , 9
OUT@ POpot ovTE GAoyioTor EopeEr.

Tissaphernes invites a conference, A piece of Persian
treachery.

Tatra ecinoy éb0€e to KAeapy@ Gdn A€yetv" Kal 6
Tisoadpepyns maAw einer’ “Et BovAeode of te otparn-
yo kai of Aoxayol eAOeiv piot eis THY oKnvav, A€Ew Kyiv

> p Poe n , ¢ x. 2 4,
Ta dvopata Tav AEyovTwr, as av emi-Bovdedvets Epuol Te

s cal * b] ‘ “~ 33 ‘te ‘ \,0 wv c /
kal Tl) ovv Epol oTparia. Eya 6é,” édy 6 Kdeapyos,
ow” ’ ” ~ 9) ¢ a 3 x t

afm mavtas.” i 8 totepaig HAGE Tapa Ticcadpepryy
dywv mévte otparnyovs Kal elxoot Aoxayovs. eémel de

III. BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 27

2 of ee ral , al / 4 X 2S
joav én tats Ovpats Tais Tiocadepvors, ot wev oTparnyol
if ¥” e \ \ ” 3 \ lad
Tap-exAnOncay etow, ot b€ Aoyayo. Euerov Eml Tats
Ovpats. ov TOAAG bE Vaorepoy of Te Evdov ouV-eAauBavorTo
kal of €€m Kat-exdpOnoav. peta b€ Tadta Tay Bap-
/ ‘ e / 3 , LS fel fa yy
Bapwv tives inmewy, eAavrorres 61a Tod Tediov, ExTevor
, ef - >] /
mavtas HAAnvas, ols ev-Tvyxavotev.

Consternation of the Greeks. The five generals are murdered.
"Ex tovrov 67 of "EAAnves €Oeov emt Ta Orda, voul-

‘ wf ceed 2 ied bet \ , is
Covtes tous BapBapous avtixa Héew emt TO otpardmesor.
ot 6€ mavTes pev ovK HAOov, "Aptatos 5é Kal GAAoL, ot
noav Kip» mortdrarou’ Kat 6 Apiatos etme tdde, “ KAe-
apxos pev, ® avdpes “EAAnves, TéOLnKED, Evel EAVTE TAS
oTovdas Kat ém-eBovAevoe Tiscaépver’ ITpdfevos b€ kai
Mevar, 6tt kar-jyyetAay Tip éemiBovAnv avrod, év peyary

Zi 5 Loa »” b ve , — F n > . 6c KX / XN
Tim €loty.” €al TOvTOLs Zevopar cine €apXos Mev,
ei Eve TAS oTOVOAS, Exer THY Siknv' éenet 5é TpdEevos Kal

’ r
Mevwv eioiv tyérepor wey evepy€état, nuctepot d& orpaty-
¥ , > \ a , x ¥

yol, meuate avtovs detpo’ ido. yap ovtTes ovp-
BovAevoovar kal tyiv kal jyivy Ta BéATLoTA.” pds TabdTa
ot pev BapBapot, dia-AexOevtes GAAAOLS TOA xpdror,
an-jOov ovdéy amo-Kpivayevor’ ot S€ oTpatnyol av-

- Sf A , \ € 4 > ~ >
nxOnoav mpos Bacirea, Kal at Kedadrat attov an-

eTunOnoav.

Character of Clearchus. His warlike tastes and love of
adventure.
Tovropy d€ Tv orpatnyév 6 pev KA€apxos wpodoyeito
¢ ‘ / f b ee \ \ \ f
Uno FavTwy yeveoIat avyp Kai ToAEuLKOs Kal pddAtoTa
, \ ~ X\ ae Xx , ° ~
irotoAeuos. Kat yap 7), Ews ev TdAEMos Fv Tos

60

-_

165

_

70

180

190

5

200

205

28 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

Aaxedaipoviors mpos tovs AOnvaious, ta-nperer TH EavTod
f' 3 A ~~ 3 , a / / ‘

Tarp. Emel O€ Elpnvn Eyeveto, meicas Tous Aakedat-

povlovs ws of Opaxes aduxotev tovs “EAAnvas, e€-€mA€t

ws ToAEunowy Toils Opagiv. eel b& of epopor emEtpOrvTo

5 ano-otpepe avtov e€ IaOp00, evtatOa ovkére erelOeTo

avtots, GAN’ an-émAer eis “EAAjoTovrov' Kal €« TovTov
COavaten t70 Tov év Sraptyn apxdvtwv. dn 5€ huyas
ay €pxetat Tpos Kipov, 6 5€ Kopos bidwow atte ToAAG
xpypata. 6 6€ Kdeapyos, AaBov radra kal ovd-A€kas
aTparevpa, emoA€uer Tots Opagl, péxpe Kipos €b€1/0n Tov
atpatevpatos’ TtdoTe b& an-7ADEe adv Exelvw. OUTW Bev
ovv 6 KA€apxos pidoTeAeyos HV.

The severity of his discipline secures the obedience, but not
the attachment of his soldiers.

> x . ow an 5) ff) , e N \ e
Eis 5€ To apxew Tov avOpwrev tkavos pev VY Tapa-
oxevacery TH oTpaTia Ta emuTHdELa, txavos b€ Kal eu~
7 pared 7 ? s M
Toujoar THY yvounv Tots oTpatidtats, ws TELoTEeuV Ely
KAedpx@. Ttodro 6 émole: é€x Tod etvat xadeTds* Kai
X ‘ Ne LA a! x N n fond 3 , ll Pe
yap oTvyvos Tv opav Kat tpaxds TH pwvy’ exddaE TE del
> n eae ee 6 > Lo ? o ‘ Igor ” *
ioxup@s Kat éviore dpyi nyeito yap oddéy dedos eivar
5 , / 3 ‘\ io « , \
axoAaotouv otpatevpatos. GAAG Kal EXeyev ws Seow TOV
, a \ ” ce n \

oTpatloTny poBetcbat Tov apxovta paddov 7 Tovs TO
Aepious, ef peAAor 7) ED pvcdkew dvdAakas, 7) Oappadréws
a7 ‘ ‘ a 5) * a , €
ig€vat mpos Tous ToAEuiouvs. €v pev tv Tots Kivdvvots ot
otpatiarat nOcrov TeiDecOat adT@, Kal ovK GAAov rpobvTO
re 4 / > o 5.9 s ’ -
otpatnyov' Ore & yévowrTo ev dodarel, kal e€-ein adrois
am-.évat Tpos GAXous Gpxovtas, TOAAOL an-eAEiTOV adTov’
’ x = €g\ \ ¢ bP] tee be \ .
ov yap elxev ydvv Tov TpoTOV, GAA Gel XaAETOS IV Kat
Ouos* WoTe ob oTpariatar di-exewro Tpos adiTov waoTeEp

IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. _ 29

a“ \ J Ge s \ ,
Taides mpos SidacKxador. elxev ovY TOUS oTparLmTas
XN
xpnolpous pev cal odddpa dei Tmeopevors, didrta dé Kat
’ s ] 4 7 3 Lay fal \ Nee 22
eviiola obdels Tore TvV-ElTETO ATO, TOLOdTOS pEV bi) UpX@V 210
yy: cpxerOat b€ bd GAAwy ed€yeTo od padra eOerev.

Ci Ree Ro EVs

THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN,

Extreme dejection of the Greeks.

"Ev todr@ b& of “EAAnVes toav ev Todd 81) aropia,

~ o 4 bad / e \ ’ i X >’ n Pa. ,

Kal GOvpws eixov padwTa* Kal odlyou perv avTa@y eyev=

gavto otrov eis tiv EaTépay, dAlyo. b& Tip dv-exavoay"
9

mohAol O€ ovK 7AOOY emt Ta OTAA Ta’THY THY vUKTA,

dv-eravovto b€ bTov Exactos eTvyxavev Hv, ov Suvapevor

or

kad-evderv tmd Avmyns Kal ad00v TaTpldwv, yovewr,
yuvarkar, Taldwv, ods evduioy pajtore ert OWeoOat. ovTw
uev 1) Sta-Kelpevor dv-eTavovto,

How Xenophon came to join the expedition.

“Hv 8€ tus év TH otpaTia ZevopGy ’AOnvaios, ds obre
atpatnyos ovTe Aoxayds ovre oTpatidtns Ov ouv- 10
nxodovder GAAG II pdkevos, Eevos Sv adpxatos, er-
exéuato adtov otxobev" tr-wyveiro b& aire, «i EdDor,
Toujoew adtrov pidov TS Kipw. 6 8¢ Zevodav daxovoas
Tadta ovp-Bovdcverat Lwxparer TH "AOnvaiw repli ris

15

20

25

40

30 | SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

/ \ e / , a a
Topetas. Kal O SwKpatyns cup-Bovdever 7H Zevodarre
eAOeiv eis Aedchovs Kat dra-xow@oat TO Og repli Tijs
mopetas’ 0 6€ Zevopav €AOav éex-7pero TOV ’ATOAAW TIL
ny a , \ ” ¢ / , \
av Oe@v Ovou Kai evxoiTo, Gate KadALoTA Topever Oat THY

pe, dae,

n / r
ddov Kal KadkGs mpagar. Kal 6 AnoAAwY eorjunvev adT@
Oeovs, ots eder Ove. mel O€ mariv AOEv, Cree THY

a , ‘ lal a
pavtelay TO Lwxparet. 6 S€ 7TvGto avroy, Ste od mpOrov
? ° ,
npadta TOrepov ein Gpevoy ait@ TopeverOa 7 peve,
, > > A 3 / 7 3 4 oe * /
adr’ ore avtos €mt-Oupnoas léevat npota OTws av KadALoTa

, , >
mopevOein. “Emmet pevror ottws ipov,” edn 6 Swxparns,

“ a ‘ eee € \ ae 4 ”
Tavita xpi) Tovey Goa O eos ExeAEvoeED,

He resolves to throw in his lot with Cyrus.

‘O peév 61) Zevopav, Ovaduevos TovTors Tots Oeois ots 6
Oeds exédevoe Ode, e&-7AeL THs “EAAdSos, Kal Kar-
edaBev év Sapdecr Mpdgerov wai Kipov péddovtas 7dn
mopevecOat, Kal suv-eTayOr Kipw* 6 5& Kipos éxéAevoev
avroy peivar map éavtd. elze b& Gri, exel rdyxtoTa Fj
otparela Anfevev, amo-TEuWou adrov olkdde* 6 S€ ardAos
eA¢yero etvar eis TMuoiéas. 6 pev b) Eevodpav éorpa-
TeveTo oUTws €€-anaTnbels, ov UTd Tpofevou: ovdels yap
tév “EdAjvev, mAjy KaAedpxov, joe tiv dpyjv ent

s Baothéa eivar. ered b€ FAOov els Ktdrkiav, cades 76n

ra , /
eddKet €tvar Tac, OTL 6 aTOAOS Ely emt Baair€a. oBov-
x X e \ ‘4 ” cd c \ lad
pevo. 6€ THY Odov Kal GxkovTEs, Opws Ol TOAAOL Tov
oTpatiwt@y, aisyvyduevot 76n tmpododvat Kipov, ovp=
n — a >
nxodovOnaay ato’ av els Kai Zevoha@v ip.

Xenophon has a dream.
Nop &&, émel of "EAAnves év aropia joapv, 6 Zevopav
éAuteiro abv Tois GAAols, Kal ovK eddvato KaO-evdev"

IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN, 31

*

y” Ate)
votepov d€ Aaxov trvov eldey drvap. Mokev aire
z N an /
Spovripy pev yeverOar, oxnnTov O€ Teveiv els THY TaTpwaV
Rate \ 3 fa cad / /
OlKlar, Kal €K TovToOU Tacav AapTecAat. oBovpevos
d€ ebOds dv-nyepOn, Kal da Todro pey Expiwe TO dvap
ayabov eivar, Gru év Kwddvors Gv dokev idelv dds péya
ex Auds' duos b€ epoBeiro, wy od ddvatto é&-edOeiv
5] a ‘i fol / ied ea (4 997 Fe 2tgN a
Ek TIS X@pas 7S Baothews, OTL TO Ovap eddKEL AUTO Elvat

/ ‘ na ,
dno Aws Bacthéws, TO be Top eddKer AGuTErOat KUKAY.

His reflections. Meeting of the officers. Five new commanders
chosen.

"KB 3p de 5 . f ra] n \ ; 3 / 3 v3

meld) O€ av-nyeOn, mpOrov per evvola éu-ninrer
Wenlo Pana Y's , Xe Seg XQ ¥ , onven \ a
atta’ “Ti card-xeuat ; 1) € vvE mpo-Baiver’ dua dé 7)

e ‘ ‘\ rn

neepa eixds eats TOVS TOAEwLous HEew. av bE AnpOGwev
imo Bactréws, Set nas taOdvtas mavta Ta Sewwdtata Kal
UPpiCopevovs ano-Oaveiy. Smws 6€ awaducOa ovdels
emt-medeira’ aAAa Kara-keiueda evOdde, domep e&-dy
piv jovxiay ayew.” ek rovrov dv-loratar cal ovy-
cael tovs [Ipofévov mpGrov doxayovs. emel d€ ovy-
rn y x a Say € Se | 7
jAOov, édeEe Ta Soxodvta alto’ of 8 dxovcartes Tap-
exddovy tovs dAdovs Aoxayovds Kai atpatnyovs. mel be
mavtes ovv-ndOov, exadéCovto' Kat ob auv-edOdvres
otTpaTnyot Kat Aoxayol eyévovtTo dydi éxardy, ds
Bovdevoapevot 6€ €tAovTo Ee TEVTE, @V Els nV
EZevopav Adnvaios.

Council of war and speech of Xenophon. i. *The gods will
surely be on our side, for we have kept our oaths’

? \ \ ew Ld * uJ ns a
Emet d€ ot Gpxovtes iipyvto, edogev adbrois ovy-kaXety

, \ na a
Tous oTpaTi@ras. ene S€ of orpatidrat ovv-frOor,

45

Gn
ro)

60

65

“I
”

80

85

32 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,.

a ‘\ , , 3 , \ ‘ a ’
To@Tor pev Netpivados ar'-€oTn, kal eta TovToy KAearwp
3: , 4 ¢\ 3 , -_— Lal bY ,
Opxoperios. Tovrwy 6€ ELTUVTMV, ZErod@y aprioTarat,

\ ow e x . a ’
kau cdecev @de =“ Try perv tay BapBapwy éntopkiay Te

‘ b) , ¢ o e x ‘ >’ ‘ 2 ’
Kal ATLOTLaY Vets, Olwal, exiaTavOe. €f ev OY Bovdu=

a / nr
pea TaAwv evar pidot adrots, avayKn nuas Exe TOAAI|Y
abvpiav, op@vtas ota ot otpatnyol uey apt. mendr-
XN a
dacw' ef S€ d1a-voovpeOa ov Tots SrAos auvverOat
’ \ N \ N a > a , > eis
auTovs Kat 70 AoiTov TOAEpEtY auTois, ToAAaL eiowv Hiv

N: \ 3 , , na AS X e c ‘

Kat kaAal €ATlOes OwTnplas. TpO@Tov ev yap Tels pEev

3 a ‘ a fal ” X ,
5 €u-Tedotpev Tos TOV Gedy Spxouvs, of SE TodAr€pLOL

AedAUKaot Tas OTovdas Tapa Tovs Gpkous. ovTw bE eikds
a \ ° , al
€att Tous Oeovs Tois ev TOAEplols Elvat Evavrious, pty

5€ cuppaxors.

ii. ‘Let us emulate the valour of our fathers and maintain
our own.’

v x , e ta ‘\ a , col

Exera 8€ dva-prijcw tpas tas Tv Tpoydver Tadv
Huetépwn apetas, twa eldnte ws mMpos-nKer vyiv etvat
ayabots. €AOdvrwy yap IlepoGv rapmAnOet otddrA@ ent
ras ’AOnvas, of "AOnvaio. mpGrov TtoApnoavtes évixknoay
> , ¥ oe —t a = p Ta ‘
avtovs. é€meita, Ste EepEns torepov nrAOev ent rip
© , \ , c c Lj , EEO ‘
EAAdda, cal tore of tperepor mpdyovor évixwv Tods
ToUTwY Tpoyovovs Kal Kata yhy xal Kata OdAatTav.
otrw 8 kal tyeis avti-ragduevot aptt trois éxetvwv
exydvois evixare avtovs avy Tots Oeots. Kal Tére pev
3) wept Tis Kupou Baotrelas ire Gvdpes ayadot viv 82,

. fal lal ,
enei TeEpt THs tyetépas owtnpias det paxecOat, zpos-

go Hjxet Uuas etvat TOAD Kal apelvovas Kai tpoOvporépors.

IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN, 33

ili. §Our want of cavalry is no disadvantage, rather a gain.
The rivers are fordable near their sources.’

Ei O€ tis tyGv GOvpe? Ore tiv pev ovK eloiy ines,
tots 5€ moAeptors ToAAOl tmmets map-erow, év-OupryOnTe
4 € , € a IQN yo Ne Rear , ” x
Ort ob pvploe tmmets ovdev GAXO eloly 7) pUptoe AvOpwiot
ol yap dvopes eioly of movodvtes 6 Te av ylyvynrat ev Tats

/ € a hive) p LOR TES | , ed yi n
paxats. pets 0 Eopev ET aadadEoTEpou OxNMATOS TOV 95

e , _ € N N , 2? ,
iTTEwWY" Ol prev yap KpemavTat ad innmwv, oPBovpevor
’ Leia , ’ x \ a fal € a XN
ovx 1as povov, AAG Kal TO KaTa-meEceEty’ rpeis Se ETL
yiis EotnkoTes TOAD loyxupdreEpov Taicopev Tovs ToAEpLovS,
€av tpos-ioow iuiv. €évl povw of tmmels mpo-€xovow
e perry , 3 , , 3 > a x EEA >
nyov’ devyew acgadeotepoy €otiv avtots 7) nly. eb
be ‘\ \ iC -. Ps , / 6 ‘

TOUS ToTapovs Vo-iceTE ElvaL ATdpous, oKEWaobE Kal
Tovro. mavTas yap Tovs Totamovs, ef Kal mpdcow TOV
mnyGv amopot elot, mpo-idrvres mods Tas Tyas padiws
dta-Bnoopeda.

iv. §.As a last resource we can settle ourselves in the king’s
country.’
Ei 5& pare of motapol yerjoovrar dia-Barol, Hyépov
‘ tal <. Lvs > (a, eee 2 n 3 lal X fa)
Te pndels davetrat piv, ov det nuas abupety dia TvdTO.
of te yap Mvool kal dAAa €Ovn, Baoitéws GkovTos
oixovow év TH Bactd€ws xdpa TOAAdS TE Kal evdaluovas
7 ef XS x € fad c x tal X\
modes. ovTM S€ Kal Mas, ws Euorye SoKeEt, xp7) KaTa-
/ c > Sen & | / a at 4 ‘
oxevacerOat ws oiknoovras évOdde. oida yap dt Bactdreds
doin dv TodAOds tyeudvas Tots Mugois, kal dre Tmoujoerev
a e ‘\ > a > UA 3 / 3 ” , \
av ddovs avtots, ei BovAoLWTO am-LEvat Ex THS XOpas. Kal
Hiv ye Tpis-dopevos érole dy radra, ei Epa yuas Tapa-
oxevacouévous Kata-wéevew. Todro dé Kal dédoiKa, pr

10c

105

_

10

ém-Aabdpueba Tihs olkade 6d00, cay pdOwue Civ apyol, 115

D 2

120

135

34 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

kal Buoteve ev apOovla. Soxel odv pot Slkatov etvat
Tp@Tov TeipacOar ad-tkveiobat eis Tiv “EAAdSa, cal ém-
deiEar tots "EAAnow, Ste éf-eoTt Tois TEvopevots Tar
ToAtT@v evade Kopioapevols TAOUTLCecOat.

v. § Above all let us chserve the strictest discipline, and help
euch other to maintain it.’

Aouwrdy éori wot elvety Orep Kat vouilw eivat péyioTor.
( Pee: \ iad € {i *. , 3 , a
Opare yap Ort ot moAEpLoe OV mpdcOev ETOAUNTAV TOdEpLEV
mpos pas, mply ovv-ekaBov tos otpatnyovs juav*
, X ‘ ” p Dead eon ) / ba
AaBvvres yap Tovs apxovras évdputCov as an-orAdoOar dy
5) ra . 2 , ns N ‘ Pe) .
avapyla kal drakia. be? ody rods pev viv apxovras TOAD
emedeotépous yeveoOar Tv Tpdabev apydvTwr, Tos dé
, fal a ‘
apxopevous TOAY evtaxToTEpors Etat viv 7 TpdcOev, ea
d€ Tus AwELOn, Senoer TOV del Yay év-TvyydvovTa Kodd ew
ts are.07}, Sejoer mn YX
DON A a 9 b] > ae. fod 3 "7d 4
avTov ovv T@ ApxovTt. GAA 76n @pa €ote TEpaivery Tov
Adyov' tows yap of moA€utor adrika map-€covrat. dTw
fol a r val ’
ovv Tabra Soxel Kad@s exe, Gva-TewaTw Tv xeipa.’

Order of march. The Greeks cross the Zab and are harassed
by Mithridates.

"Ex rovtou 3) Gmavres av-érewvay tas yxeipas* Kal
évreidev €nopevovTo Toinoawevrot tAaioioy ex Tay br-
AitGv, éxovtes Ta bToGyta Kal Tov dxAov ev pésw. kal
Xetpicopos pev hyeiro, duo 88 ry TpecBuTdtwv orpaty-
yGv én-euedodvto tTav TevpGy Exatépwy, Zevopav be.
kal Tysacsiwy amicdo-pvddxouv. Kata-kavoavtes b€ ras
dpdgas Kal Tas oxnvas b1-¢8ycay tov Zandtav Torapdy"
kal éx rovtov MiOpidatns ém-galverat, Exov inmméas xal
rogdras kal ogevdornras. énel & éyyds eyévero, of pev

-
‘
i
J
{
:
iy
: 2 eo
Pc,
ase) 7
‘ 2
- : m,
af
z ; 7 “ay
.
fa - >»
t
a 7 . oo,
7 a
— ¢ ; ’
~~ 4 = = a - -

(snovHdOdUVS NOaIS v woud)

dVULVS GNV LOIUVHS

IN EAN\ ANI ZESEAINE ALLA PSEA CSL

; i ; | ‘

IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 35

airav érd€evov* of 8& eodevddvev kai étitpwoKoy Tovs 144
“EAAnvas.

A force of cavalry and slingers is hastily organized.

"Ex rovrov éddKet Zevopartt Siwxtéov eivar tovs To-
Aeplous* SwKovtes 5€ Kat-eAdpBavey ovdéva’ ovre yap
immets yoav tots “EAAnow, ovte of meCol ed¥vavTo KaTa-
AapBdavew tovs exelvov TeCovs. EvOa bi) addy GOvyia 145
Hv. edo€e 58 trois otparnyots Kata-cKevacery oevdorntas

wal 3 / c , 3 UA yi , = 3
Kal imméas @s TaxtoTa. axovoavres 5€ Podious etvar ev
TS otparedpatt emiatayévovs oevdovav, tovtovs TE
e€-eA€£avto Kal GAXous, oitiwwes eO€Aovev TaTTEcOar Tpds
TobTo TO épyov, ws diaxogiovs. Kat-erxevacay bé els 150
inméas immovs oxevopopodvtas @s mevTHKovTa’ Kal iz-

. ’ > a , > cal
Tapxos ém-eoTabn avtots Avxtos ’A@nvaios.

Tissaphernes attacks the Greeks, but is forced to retreat.

Mera ratra a¢-ixovto énl tov Tlypyta moraudv. tH
/ ‘
d& torepaia Ticcadéepyns éepdvyn, exwv inméas toddovs

Lal

kal ogevdovitas Kal tofdras. énel & éyyds éyévero, 155
eu-Badety pév odx érdApnoer, ohevdovar 5 map-nyyerre
Tovs éavtod kat togevew. eel dé of ‘Pddi01 eodevddyncav
kal of rodrar érogevoay, 6 Tisoagépyns dm-exdper éfw
BedGr, xal ai GAdAa Td€ets an-exepyoarv. Kal td Aowrdy
Tihs tpépas of pev emopevovto of & eizovro* Kal of 160
BapBapor ovkert écivovto tods “EAAnvas* of yap ‘Pdd.0r
eopevddver paxpdtepov tév LlepoGv. ti 5& torepaig oi
"EdAnves éxopevovto ba tod mediov, kal Ticoadpépyns
eizeto axpoBoArCopevos.
D2

170

175

180

36 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

Disadvantages of marching in a square.

"Evda 67 ot" EAAnves €yvwoan Stu tAalovov iodmevpov
movnpa Takis ein Tots ITO ToAELL@Y SiwKopevols* avayKy
yap é€ott Tovs OmAlras éx-OA(Becbar Kal mopevecOat

a DBS X\ / fel , 4 Kee, a
xadem@s, Cay TA Kepata TOU TAaLoiov ovy-KUTTH, 7) 6500
an v a ’ / > , x - e oe
aTevns ovaons, 7) dpewy avayKxaCdvtwy 7) yeptpas’ woTeE
dvoxpratous €tvat, ataxtous Ovtas. Otay 8 av Ta Képata

/ 3 Fi - ~ \ , , cr
dta-0xn, avayKn €oTl Tovs TOTE OAtBomevous d1a-o7a-
aa, kal TO pécov TOY KEepatwv Kevov ylyvecBat, Kal
Tous Tadta Tmacxovtas aOupety, ToAcuiwy ETOMEVwY, Kal
Omdre d€ou b1a-Balivew yédupav 7} GAAnY Tura SidBaow,
e ” v fad n \ DJ
Exaotos €omevde, BovAdueros S1a-Bivat mp@Tos* Kal ev-

cal €::F oo: a ’ 5) / ’ c —
Tadda pad.ov ijv Tots ToAEloLs Emt-TiOETIat avTots.

Improved order of march.

’ a

Emel 8 of orpatnyol éyvwcay tadra, énolncay ef
Adxous ava Exatov dvdpas, Kai én-€oTnoav oyayods
] a ny wv od \ ” 3
avurots, Kat GAAous mEvTHnKoVTHpas Kat dAAovs EvwpoT-
dpxas. ovtw S€ mopevdpevol, dmdte pev Ta Képata
avy-kvTTol, of Aoxayoi tm-euevov tarepov, Sore ra
Képata pn tapattecOa tdre 5 map-jyov éEwbev rav

/ cc 4, XS . an ,
Kepatwy, omdre be al mAEvpal Tod TAaolov bid-cyxoLeEr,

4
ovTo. av-e€-eniumAacay TO pécov, ote TO péaov del
éx-7Aewp etvat. ef d& xal dor d1a-Baivery rid bidBaow
i) yésupay, odx érapatrovto, AAAQ of Aoxayol b1-€Bawwoy
n / 4 a , b] 4 .

éy TO pepe. TovTw TO TpdTY ETOpEVOncaY TuoAAas
npepas bia xwpas dpecvijs.

IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 37

The enemy occupy a mountain pass. The Greeks prepare to
dislodge them.

' x a € a € ! fe
Mia d& tdv jyepov ot BapBapor Kara-AapBuwovor
fas fol e n e Cue
xwplov tt tyadov trép adrijs tis 0d0d, 7 ot EAAnves
v / ) an od a Cw °. x
eueAAov Tap-tevat, evtavda Zevopav opwv tHv Kopudyy
n a n bette) x
TOD Opous ovoay brép Tod EavTov oTpaTEvpatos, Kal an0
/
TavTns epodov ovcay ent tov AdHov, eva ob ToAEmLOL
ye ” my 4
joav, Aéyer TO Xetpradpw’ “ Kpariardv éotw, @ Xetpi-
Ser Saal 9 G , ste Nea aS N
cope, Huiv téoOat ws Taxiota emt TO Gkpov" €av yap
Lal ‘ Lal lel cf
ToUTO AdBwev, OL UTEp THs 6500 ToA€uLoL ov SuYNTOVTAL
, ‘ x > / / aA i / > ea.
pevelv, ov O€, Eb BovAEL, peve ETL TH OTpPATEUpaTL, EYW
/
8 Aw mopeverOar.” Kal 6 Xewploodos, emaiveoas
a 12
abrov, oup-néumer Tovs Tap’ éavT@ OvTas meATAOTAS*
A
exeXevoe 5& Kal GAAOvs TpLaxosiovs ovv-emEeaIa, ods
,’ N iv ’ / 4
autos €txev emA€KTOUS avdpas.

Race for the summit.
n / .
"Evred0ev emopevovto ws edvvavto TaxtoTa, ob b€ ent
a , / e b) , > x , 5 Cem
TOU Addov TOAEpLOL, WS EVONTAaY aUvTOUS TOpEvOpEVvOUS ETL
\ cA > ‘\ :, > . [4 9-28 \ x 4
TO Gkpov, evOds kat adroit Spunoav ent TO aKkpov. kal
evtadda Todd} pev Kpavyy qv tév “EAAnvev b.a-
KeAevopevwy Tois €avtGy, ToAAR b€ Kpavyi) TOV dapdl
Tiscadépynv trois €avrGv dia-keAevopevwrv. Zevopav b€
4 b>] \ aA (2 (74 x na
Tap-€Aavvwv ET TOU immov Tap-EeKeAeveTo’ “*” Avdpes, viv
ent thy “EAAdba GuiAdAaobe, viv mpds Tovs Taidas Kal Tas
al a ,
yuvaixas* viv dAlyov novjcarvres auaxel Topevodyeda Ti
Aounhy dddy.”

192

195

200

205

210

38 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

A grumbler silenced. The Greeks win the summit.

Twrnplins b€ tis etwev' “ Ovx ef icov, ® Zevodar,
b] 5 Ay S iS b] al bios Th eean «4 JN \ a
eopev’ ou pmevy yap oxel ep inmov, €yw b€ xadreTas
/ Ul \ 3 , bp ] € CO — an 9 A an
xapveo d€épov tiv aoniba.” 6 d€ Zevopev gqxovoas Tatra,
re ] \ an of > o ss ‘4 >
215 kaTa-7770as azo Tov immov, @OEtTaL TOY Swrtnpidyny ex
a ! * NG? , \ > s 5) , €
THs Tagews’ Kal a-eAdpevos THY doTmida emopevEeTo ws
€dUvato TaxloTa, éxwy avTyv. eTvyxave b€ Kal exwv
Owpaka tov imnmixoy' wote emteCero. Kal map-exedeveTo
an a sy v
Tols pev eurpoobeyv tn-ayeuw, Tols d€ OmicOev Tap-térat,
220 of 6’ GAAOL oTpati@rat Ematoy Kal €Aolddpovy Tov Swrn-
’ v » , > XN , ‘ x / ,
plonv, €oTE NVayKacapy av’Tov AaBovta THY aoTida TopEv-
€ NO an b] ‘\ a ‘ ‘ 4 /
ecOat. 0 6€ Zevodev ava-Bas, ews pev TA xwpla Baca
= a oo : 9-4 a Sr Bisa Sas =
ny To innw, nyev ent tod tnnov’ énel d€ GBata 7p,
na a
Kata-Atm@py tov inmoy éomevde EG]. Kat ot “EAAnpss
' x , , SN a wv
223 POavovat Tovs ToAEulovs yevowevot ETL TH Apo.

A serious dilemma. Proposal of a Rhodian soldier.

"Ev6a 57 of wev BdpBapor otpadevtes Epevyor, ot be
"EAAnves elxov tO axpov. eémet d€ Kat-€Bnoav eis TO
nediov, évtad0a moAAH anopia jv. evOev pev yap Hv
opyn brep-vYnAa, evOev 5€ ToTapos ov d1a-Bards. Kat ev

230 TovT@ dvnp Tus ‘Pddios mpos-eAOav elven" “Eye Oédo, @
avopes, b1a-BiBaoat byas Kata Tetpakts-xtAlovs dmAirTas,
€av mopionte euol tatta ov Sedpat, cal émi-dOTE jor
tdAavrov picbov.” épwrdpevos b€ Grou déotTo, *’AoKkdy,”
én, “dis-xiAlwy Senropua’ 6p 6& ToAAG mpdéBara Kal

235 alyas kal Bods, ov Ta d€ppata hvonOévta padiws av Tap-
€xot Ti diaBaow. Sencopwa d€ kal trav deopar, ols
xpijce nepi_ta dnoGdya’ tovros Cevgas tods aoxovs

IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN, 39

mpos GAAnAous, Kal dppioas Exaotoy AiPots, woTeEp
5) , , \ b) \ b) , 5 2.
aykvpas, Snow Tors aoKovs audoTepwOev Tod ToTayLod
x ] lal ev cal 3 a “si n S258 o ef
Kat €mt-Bad@ tAnv tots aoxots, Kal yy ent TH VAD.
, XN 3 UZ > , r bl 2 as
rourots 6€ é€m-Bavtes ov Kata-dvced0e* Tas yap aoKoS
an bY
olcet Svo Gvdpas’ 7 5€ DAN Kal 7 yh KwAvoovoL py

>
dAtcOavew.’

They decide to march over the mountains into Kurdistan.
Tois 6€ otpatnyols axovcaot tavta 70 pev evOvpnpa
sy , = XL 99 9 297 BS: N ,
eOdKet Xapiev eivat, TOO Epyov advvatov" ijoav yap TEpav
a fal al a Xa
TOO ToTapod TOAAOL immels TOV TOAELIWY, Ol OVK AV eTT-
, LG, ay a \ XX n ~ ,
etperov Tols "EAAnot Tovety Tatra. Kal did TatTa €ddKet
Tols otpatiyois avayxaiov etvar éu-Badeiv bia TOV dpewv
els Kapdovyous, kal evretOev Oi-eAOeiv eis "Appeviar,
, a ‘ 2. , e > , = 3
xopav peydAnv Kal evdaiuova, ts ’Opovtyns pxev. €v-
an b / 4 id ~ re x /
Tev0ev ad-ixovto EvOa Oo pev Ttypns ToTapos Tavtratacw
y¥ > t Se oe Soe ii uns Mera , ”
Gmopos 7V, Tapodos b€ ovK nv aAAa Ta Kapdovxwyv opy
Unép a’Tod Tod moTapod expcuaro. evradda €ddKet Tots
aTtpatnyois mopeverOar 51a ToY dpéwv' Kal TopEevdpErot
fal \ 3 _ d oe 4 LA \ Nie:
THS VUKTOS ap-iKvodVTAL Gua TH TjU€pa Tpos TO Opos.

Order of march, Attacks from the Kurds.

"Ev0a 61) Xetpicopos pev yeito tod otparevparos,
EZevopav 5& eimero dmicOodpvAakév. Kal otto tap-
iz. a ~ Vd nf / x A € S
EyEVvOVTO €is TAS K@pas TOY Kapdovywr. eva dn ol pev
Kapdodxor e€-eAurov tas olkias, Kal epevyov ent 1a Opn,
exovTes Kal yvvaikas kal maidas* of be “EAAnves eAdp-

XX ~) / >. a n b} \ \ €
Bavov Todda émiTHSELa Ex TOV KwOpaY. Eel SE Ol TE-
Aevtatot TGv “EAAnvev xat-€Bawov eis Tas Kopas, TOTE
dy ovA-AcyevTes Tives TOV Kapdotywr én-eriOevto adtois*

240

245

250

255

260

4Oo SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

x 3 / 4 XN x ” \ 4,
Kal GT-€KTELWay TLWas Kal GAAoUS ETPWOAaV. Kal TavTHY
5 \ , > , 3: “ , ef s ork é
265 ev THY VUKTA NUALDONoAD EV Tals Kwpats’ aya OE TH) NEPA
avois etopevovTo.

Forced rapidity of march. ‘Is there no other road?’
Kai ravrnv pév tiv yéepav otras enopevOijcav' TH
\ € , na
d€ vorepaia yiyverar xeyswv Todds, avayxaiov 8 iv
7, é ? x & ¢ ‘ X 3 7 \ € XN
mopeverOar' ov yap iv ikava ta emuitjdera, Kal of pev
/ rd n b] , > cal e i - A >
270 TOAEULOL LaXUP@s ET-ETLOEVTO avTOts. O dE XEtpicodos ouvx
€ A ) + {2 (4 € 4 3 ¢e 4
Um-E“EVEV, GAN’ Hye TaxX€ws, Bote 7 Topeta eylyvero Opola
pvyf tots dmoboptaAak. evtat0a 6 Zevopdv edAOav
X \ ’ ars SieNe. ey > G , Pause
mpos Tov Xetploohoy yrvaro avrov bru ovx bm-euervev” 6
d€ dmo-Kpivdpevos, BAeor,” edn, “ mpos Ta Opn, Kat
275 0t @s TavtTa éorl GBata’ pia S& atrn early dds, Hv
can ey ee Na aes , # a \
Opas, opOia* Kal én tavtn avOpwTo. Kad-jvrat ToAAol,
pvdatrovtTes thy exBaoww* of 8 iyeudves, ods Exouer, ov
a ’ >
pacw evar GdAnv 6ddv.” 6 b€ Zevopdv eimev' “’AAA
éxo dvo dvdpas, ods éAaBov GGutas, dmws elev iyyepdves
280 Huiv THs O00.”

4 refractory prisoner. Another road discovered, Volunteer
party formed.

Kal ed0ds dyaydvres tovs dvOparovs npotev abrovs et
ria eidetev GAAnY ddd, } THY havepav. 6 pev odv Erepos
ovk pn GAAnv twa ecldevarr ere 5& Edeyey ovdev
OperAysov, SpGvtos Tod ér€pov Kar-expayn. 6 4€ AowTos

a85 €AeEev Ort ovros od hain «lddvat, rt ein adTG Ovyadryp
éxet éx-dedouevn Tap’ avodpit abros 8 épn tyjoecOa rh
otparetpart. epwropevos be el ely tt ev TH 6d dus-
mdp-.tov xwpiov, pn evar axpov ei b& pa mpo-KaTa-

+i
Pe
e
.
=

COINS WITH Zets Lwornp

(AGRIGENTUM)

COINS WITH 2 devdorvyrns

(ASPENDUS)

IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 41

AjowtTo tobrTo, advvatoy éoecOar Tap-eAOeiv. evTavda
ot otparnyol ovy-Kad€a aves AoXayods TSv TE TEATATTGY
\ ny Le fal t , ’ ~ ” 4 ivf 2: /
Kat TOV OTALTGY, HpoTa@v avTovs el Tis Ein, GaTLs eOéAOL
» , Cress 2 \ Nore x b) SS Yu
av yeverdar drip ayados, kal tmo-cTds eOedovTijs Topev=

eda, Kat tp-loravrat d) @s dis-xéALov.

Preconcerted arrangement. The start.

Kat iw pev defdn dn, of & oTparnyol exeAevoy Tods
3 ~ 4 x / \ ¢€ ,
edehovtas mopeverOat. Kat Sioavtes Tov HyEpova Tapa-~
diddacw adrots. Kal ovv-riOevtar THY wey vdKTA duAdT-
TE \ le > Ips x / \ LY ; ed de ALE /
€w TO Xwplov, éav AdBwot TO Axpov, Gua S€ TH Huepa
onpatve TH odAmuyy Kal Tods wev ava dvtas lévar emt

ni la nt / a x yw
tovs ToAeulovs Tovs Kat-€xovTas THY davepay ExBaow.
2 aS X\ € lal , 3 / Ld
avtTot 6€ Un-LoxVvodvTO ovp-BonOycew €x-BaivorTes, ws
av dvvawvTo TaxioTa. Tadra ovy-Oépuero. ot yey dis-xlALor
> , be Loo Nees, eee > a — n
énopevovto’ Kal tdwp Todd jy e€ ovpavod. Zevopav
\ a
de, Exwv Tors dmicbopvAakas Hyeito mpds THY pavépav
ExBaow, Omws of woAEuLoL Tpos-ExoLev TOV vodv TavTn T}}
enn ee e A tA / > ¢
060, Kal O7ws of meEpi-.vTEs wadtota AaHo.EV adTods.

Night attacks. The Greeks surprise a guard of the enemy.

"Emel 58 of dmicOodvAakes ijoav emt xapadpa, iv ede
mpotepov d.1a-Bavat, Tore of BapBapor exvAtvdovy ALOovs

\ / Ne NE Gy , N DS Me
kal pelCous Kat éAdtrovs, ot pepduevor Tpos Tas TéTpas
mratovtes bt-eapevdovavto’ Kal mavtanacty od duvaron iy

290

295

300

395

/ ” 3 / ‘ XS , 3 , X\ x
meAdoat TH eloddm. met 5€ oKOTOS EyEevETO, Kat MoVTO 310

Ajoew Tovs Tworeulovs an-LovTes, TOTE Am-HAOov ent TO
deimvov. of 5€ ToA€pson ovdev emavaavto bi.” GAns Ths
vuxtos Kvdwdodvtes Tovs AlOovs. of 8& exovTes Tov
c eae as / r r , Qn

nyepova, wepi-idvtes Kikh@, kata-hayBdvovot ivAakas

315

320

325

330

335

42 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

n / b) \ a 4 \ ‘\ LS
TOV TOAELIWY acl Tip KaO-nEvous* Kal TOUS EV KaTa-
4 LY SS , > eb 4 2 “A
kTeivavtes, Tous b€ kata-di@EavTes avTol Ewevor evTav0a,
& / Ne ¢€ x > a Pas b x
WS KAT-EXOVTES TO GKpoV. ob 5€ OV KaT-ElXOV avTO, aAAa
, > oN , A bey 93 e ‘\ (cA eg\ ee Be }
Aoos iv UTEp avTov, Tap Ov Vv H oTEVNH adTn 060s, Ed
Lt € oe. 3 / x , > , y 3 \
7 ol dvAakes ExabnrvtTo. €odos pevtot avtodev nv emt
XN ia A 3 if a 28 fal nm ¢@n%7
Tous ToAeplous, ot ExaOnvto emt TH Pavepa dm.

The enemy are dislodged from their first position.
"BE \ ss e , Ley 5 4 , Sod
imel O€ Nuepa €yeveTo, €mopEevovTO alyn auv-
/ 7 ‘ , \ Ay > « A
TETAYMEVOL ETL TOUS TOAELLOVS' Kal yap Vv OpixAn,
ow ba he ‘ >) ed ig 3 \ \ >
wate €Aadov: avtous éyyvs mpos-eAOduTes, Emel O€ Eldov
GAAjAous, i] TE oddrmy€ epOeyato, kal adadagavres
Co 324 NV 2) , € \ o 997 > ~
tevto em Tovs avOpwmovs. ot b& ovK edéLavTo avTovs,
GAAG AumdvTEs THY dddv Eevyov" GALyot & an-<OvnoKoV'
v fe bei 3 4 ’ 3 \ > /, b] ,
evgwvot yap yoav. ot & audi Netpicopov, axovaavtes
~ J +n Le ” ‘ by pt € ,
THS GadmLyyos, evOUs ievTO Gvw KaTa THY avepav Oddv.
” s, lal cal ) 4 ~ 3 o ¢€ \
ahdAot € TOV OTpaTnyGv ETopEevovTY Kata aTpiBeEts dovs,
Povey x ” Se 9 / ¢ In 7 >?
1] EKQOTOL ETUXOV OVTES, Kal ava-BavTes ws EdvVaVTO av-
a b J li Ca) , ~ Loa n /
eiAkov GAAjAovs Tots Sdpact. Kal obTOL TPOTOL TuV-EuLEav
Tois Tpo-KaTa-Aafovat TO xwplov.

4 second and a third eminence captured.

Eevopav 6€ drcdopvdakGyv emopevero tH ath dda,
? € \ ¢€ , # ? / , s
7mEp ob TOV HyEWOVa EXOLTES ETOpEoV'TO. TropevduEvot dé
b] / , >, na € a eee
ev-tvyxdvovot Addo inép THs 6600 Kat-ErAnupévy bd
TOV TOAELLWY, Kal Tpos-BdAXovat Tpds TOV Addon. ob be
BdpBapo érdgevov Kal €Baddov, eyyvs 8 od Tpos-tevro,
3 ‘ a et A ‘ ee
GAAG uy EAevtov TO xwplov. Kai ot “EdAnves, wap-

~! a Lae

eAndvOdres Todrov tov Adqor, dpGow Erepov Adov eu-

340 MpooOev, Kat-exdpevov tnd TOV Toeulov' Kal TH aito

IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN, 43

ny ; n a ‘
tpérw@ aipotor kal rodrov. ert de tpiros Ados Tv moAD
, € /
OpOwraros’ émel 5€ of "EAAnves éyyvs eyévovto, ot Bap-
a — fal XN
Bapo. éXevtov todrov dpayel. Kal Zevopov pev ow
a X ”
Tols vewTaTos av-€Baivey emi TO UKpov, tovs b€ adAous
ha
exeAevoey EreaOat Bpadéws. Kal ev TovTw ayyedos TAGE 345
fal ,
mepevyas, kal €de€ev ws of ev TO TPGTH Adm eipOEv-
% / Noe. ‘ > /
Tes am-nAaOynoay, Kat Ort TOAAOL am-€Oavov.

A truce concluded. Treachery-of the Kurds. Final success
of the Greeks.

’Evradda 67 of BapBapor HAOov ent evartiov tiva

Adpov' kal 6 Zevopav bi-eA€yero avtois wept srovdar,
. ‘

Kal am-7ree Tovs vexpous. ot 8 &pacay ano-ddcew Emi 35°

UA ee X ©) lal X\ {2 thee eat a | n
TOUT® WOTE py GdiKEiy Tas KoOpas’ Kal 6 Zevopov ovv-

, ca > e x rf an lf e

wpodoye TadTa. €v w O€ di-eh€yovTO TavTAa, TavTES ot

, 3 vs na , wn Pg a e
BapBapot €x TovTov Tov Témov ovv-ijA0ov. évtadOa ol

/ ae e XN ) \ € 2 \ — n wv

moh€utor toravto® Kal emel of ddl Zevopavta ipgavto
kata-Baivew amd Tov Adhouv mpds Tos GAAous, bevTo 61) 355
oi ToAEputor TOAAM TANOEL Kal OopvBo. Kal ewe eyévovTo
es. a lal cal a
Ent THS Kopupis Tod Adhov, ad’ ov ZevopGv xar-eBawer,
exvAtvoouv métpas* Kal évds pv Kat-éagay TO oKédos,
EZevopavra € 6 traomorys an-Aurev, €xov THY aonida.

> XN n
EvpvaAoxos b€ dmAitns mpos-edpayey ait@, Kat mpo-Bad- 360

, “a a
Adpevos THY Eavtod domida Tpd duoiv éexepe Kat ob
»” ‘ o
GAAot ovy-eytgav tots 76 ovv-TeTAyp<vots.

Rest in good quarters. The Greeks reach the borders of

Armenia.

, lad n

Ex $€ tovrov nav TO “EAAnvixoy 6pod éyéveto, Kat
’ ie ) a \ a + ee ‘ Lal
€oxnvycay €v ToAdais Kal xadats oikiais xal peotais

44 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

365 emitndeiwys Kal yap olvos ToAds Hv, Ov Etxov ev AdKKots
cal — fad \ r

Koriarots, Zevopov be Kal Xeipicopos AaBdvtes Tovs
vekpous am-<educav TOV hye“ova, kal €nmoincay Tois amo-

a / S , c 3 ' “A \
Oavoto, Tavta Ta voutComeva, ws edvvavTo. tH dE

G as , ” G , 2 13 , GAN

botepaia emopevovto avev Hyeuovos’ Kal ad-txduevor ert
370 rov Kevtpi: dv, Os pice. thy ’A f it

pitny morapor, ds dpite thy ’Appeviay wal tiv

Tov Kapdovxav xepav, évtadda av-exavoavto ev TH
Tediw. otTws am-n\Aaypéevot TavT@Y TOV TdOVeV Td€éws

exouunOynoav.

CHAP LER. WV;
THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA.

Stoppage at the Centrites. Xenopkon’s dream.

a $e , eg id a e / ” ’
Tn 6 vorepaia ot “EAAnves op@ow inmeas Tav ‘Apye-
viov Tépav Tod ToTapod ef-wrAtopévous, @s KwAUoOorTAS
> \ ‘4 Ce ‘\ ‘ ‘
avtovs dia-Baivew* dpdor 5€ Kal meCods mapa-teTay-
, \ tal La ” n c ‘ >I . ‘ eer
pevous emt Tais OxOats dvw Tov imméwy, Evel b€ EWpwr
‘ \ \ , 4 ‘ ‘\ *

5 Tov pey Totazov dvamopov Orta, tovs d€ Kapdovxous
ovv-elA€ypevous ev Tois STAOLS, @S ETt-KELTOEVOUS aAUTOIS
Omicbev, evtai0a by) woAAH Fv aOvula trois “EAAnou.
tavtn d& TH vuxtl Zeropay eidey dvap* edokev ev médats
bedéoOat, abrar b€ ESofay aitéuatat alte Tept-ppvqvat,

1o woTe AvOAva adtov Kai d:a-Balvew Grou éBovAero. exe
3& dpOpos iv, Epxerat mpos Tov Xeploodov, cal A€yet
ort éAnidas éxee wavta KadGs EvecOa, Kai di-nyeita

V. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA. 45

Ss A » e XN e \ e , , €

aiT@® TO ovap. 6 6€ 7OETO, Kal ws TaXxLoTa TaYTES ot
Neelys WA f A we Ge x ‘ A

oTpatnyolt eOvovTo’ Kat Ta Lepa KaAa IY.

4 ford discovered. :

Kal dn-.yres and TGv tepav ot otpatnyol Kat doxa-
yol Tap-iyyeAAov TH oTpaTia apiotoTotEeicOat, Kat dpl-
oT@vtt TO ZevopOrvtt bvo veavioxw Tpos-érpexov" kal
eAeyov Toudde, “’Ertyouev ovd-A€yovtes ptyava, kal
eldouev ev TH TEpav TOD ToTapod yepovTa TE Kal yuvatKas
Kata-TiOeyevous BaoTep papoinovs iwariwy ev métpa av-
tpwdet, iddvtes 5& evouiCouev aopadés elvat dia-Bijvar
TOV ToTaudy* Tav’Tn yap TOYS TOY TOAELIwY imTEéas OUK
av dvvacOat mpos-Bivar' ex-dvvTes 5€ yuuvol d-eBatvo-
Bev, WS vevoduevor’ Topevduevor 5€ Tpdcbev b1-€Byyer,
mpi BpéEar tovs pypovs* kal d1a-Bavres kal AaBovtes
ra twdatia mad Sedpo iropev.”

The first detachment under Cheirisophus crosses the river.
*Axovoas taita 6 Zevoperv éotevoc, cal exédeve Tovs

, ¥ a a , > 2A 3
aTpatiotas evxecOat Tots Geos. oneicas 5 evdus rye

N s : \ \ , oe te rigs. a
Tous veavioxous Tapa Tov Xewpicodov" ot b€ bi-nyotvTo
ait@ taird adxovoas 8 Kal 6 Xewplcopos onovdas
3 , \ a a , 4 e a
emole, Kal edoge rois otpatyyois Xetpicodoy péev Hyei-
aOa, xal d1a-Baivew Tov ToTapov exovta TO tpiov Tod

, SPIN ae ¥ G ! ed a
oTpaTevpatos* TO O€ iiou ETL UTO-pevery GUY Zevoparti,

‘. ‘ € Vy ‘ XN wv 7 3 /
Ta b€ troddyia Kal Tov dxAov dia-Baive ey péow

, > fas ee | , é € gs , € a es
TovTwV.e évtava 37) EmopevovTo’ of S€ veavioxot HyodrTO :

éxovres Tov ToTawov év dpiotepG. Kat Xeupicodos pev
mp@tov év-€Bave els Tov ToTapov Kal ot oy aite’ of
8& ToA€pLoe 6pOvTes avtods d1a-Balvovtas Pevyovow ava
KpaTos Tpos TO Gpos.

LS)

5

~
tn

46 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

The Carduchi advance to attack the rear. Xenophon prepares
to receive them.
40 Advxtos 6€ €xwy Tods tmnéas cal Aloxlvns éxav tods
y N
meAraatas elmovto. Xeupicodos be, émel bi-€8n TOV To-
\ X S € , > 397 ba by SS 9 /
TAMLOV, TOUS pev imméas OVK dlwxev, EvOUS SE Ef-eBaiveEY
émt tovs ToAeulovs Tovs ev Tots AKpois TeTAypevous. ot
d& dp@vres tatta éx-Aelmovot Ta Gkpa. EZevopdr 8e,
3 \ Cee. \ b) ‘ re / / wv /
45 evel E@pa Tos appt Xewpioopoy mépav dn yevopevous,
AT-EXOpEL WS TAXLOTA TPOS TO Viv d1a-Baivoy oTpaTevpa’
cal yap ot Kapdodxor davepol 75n Hoav Kara-Balvovtes
eis TO medlov, ws ém-Onodpevor tots TeAevTaios. Kal
Xeiploopos pév xar-elye Ta Akpa, AvKios 5€ obv dAiLyous
émt-diwéas Tous TmoAeutous €AaBe Ta tro-heiTOpEeva TOV
, \ 34 vA > fed / x \ 3
aKEevopopwv, Kal peTa TOUTWY EegOnTAa TE KaANY Kal EK-

°

5

Toépata. Kal évy TovTw Ta wey oKevopdpa TOV ‘EAAnvewv
s -
kal 6 dxAos bi-€Bawve, Zevopay 5% otpéas mpds rods
Kapdovxous Gero avtia abrois ta SmAa, kal map-nyyere
a a , x ip: ‘ a7 \
55 Tols Aoxayots Toujoacbat tovs Adxovs, Kai leva pos
a , ‘ > \ tal yey ,
tov Kapdovxwv" ovpayovs b€ exéAevoe xata-oTjoacba
mpos tod motayov. ot 5€ Kapdotxor, ws E®pwv Tods
dmicOopvAakas dAlyous dn yevouévous, Oatrov b) éz-
jeoay @dds Tivas ddorres.

Arrangements for the passage of the rear-guard. A ruse.

60 ‘O b& Xeiplcodos méuner Tapa ZevopGvra tovs Tmed-
x \ , \ , \ ’ 3 > \
tactas Kal odevdovynras Kal rofdras, kal KeAever adtods
moveiy 6 Tt dv éxeivos map-ayyédAAy. 6 5€ Zevopar ldwv
avrovs 75n dia-Baivovras, méuvas Gyyedov Kedever abtovs
peivar én trod morayod kal pi d:a-Balvew Stray de of
65 map éavto dp£wvrat d.a-Balvew, rére eu-Balvew ws dia-

V. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA, 47

Bnoopeévovs, tpdcw dé Tod ToTaLod pr Tpo-Balvey. Tots
de map’ EavTe Tap-nyyeiArev, ermerd%) ohevddvn e€-tkvoiro
\ ben A Neo Sees a a > \ , :
Tpos avutovs Kal aomis Woot, Oeiy els Tovs ToAELovS
nh x ‘ € / ed / ‘ e ‘
evel 5€ ol moAEuLoL ava-oTpéeWetay, Kal O oadmLyKTIS
onurvere TO TOAEULKOY EK TOU ToOTAaMod, TOTE TavTAS
ava-otpéwat kat d1a-Baivew os TaxLoTa, 7) ExaoTos €lye
Pp X el X
\ / © y X 4 e ” ” ica
Tv Taki’ édeye O€ Gre ovTos Evato aprotos, Sotis
Tp@Tos ev TO Tépav yévowro.

The ruse succeeds. All cross safely.

Oi 5€ Kapdodyor, dpGvres Tovs Aoutods dAlyous 75y
4 ° a bMS | / / Ne.
ovtas, evtad0a d)) éx-ExewvTo Opacéws Kal pxovto oev-
dovay kal to€evew. of d€ “EAAnves TaLavicartes Hpynoav
dpdum én’ adrovs* ot d& odx Cdé£avTo. ev ToUTW 6 cad-

‘\ ‘4 . \ € XS / ba ‘ wy
TLyKTHS Tnualver* Kal ob pev oA€uLon Ehevyov TOAD ert
Oarrov* of b€°EAAnves dva-orpéWavtes Ehevyov ba Tod
n n x
ToTapod @s TaxloTae Tov S€ ToAEulwy of pév TLVES
Seo a / » > es A M \ /
dpovtes Tadta Tad Edpapyov emt Tov ToTapov Kal Toed-
a c
ovtes Etpwoav dAlyovs tév ‘EdAjnvwv' of 8& TodAol
aitay étt havepol joay hevyovtes* of 8& bro Xeipiod-
/ a

pov Tpdrepov TEeupOevtes Tapa Zevopavra mpo-iecay eis
TOV ToTapovy Tpocwrepw 7 edet, Kal botepov Tov peta
EevopGvros oi-€Bnoay madw' tovtwy b€ twes étpwOn-
gav 0170 TOV ToAELlOV.

The Greeks enter Armenia. Great fall of snow.
"Evredéev éropevOnoav dia ths "Apyevias ént rov Tn-
AcBdav ToTaydv. trapxos 8 Ww tavrns tis xdpas Tipt-

80

aA n
Baos, ds Kal Baowrel didos eyévero. otros etmev Sri 90

Bovro.tro oneicacOa tois”"EXAnov Kal tadra edofe rois

95

100

105

{I

ur

48 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

aTpatnyots, kal €onelsavro. otpatoTedevopevar 8 adtav
€v 77) X@pa ylyvetat Ths vuKTos xLwy TOAAH, Bote am-
expue kal ta StAa Kal tovs avOpeTovs KaTa-KeElpevous*
kal i) Xiwv cuv-endduoe TA UTOW@yta. Kal TOAYS OKvOS HV
av-(stacba énel 8 Zevopar érdrAunoev dv-ictacGat Kat
axiCew EvAa, Taxa dva-otds Tis Kat GAXAos adp-eAdpeEvos
éexe(vou ta vda eoxicev. ex S€ TovToOV Kal ob GAAoL
ava-oravrTes Tp €Katov.

March continued. Effects of long fasting.

Mera ratra éddxe dva-oxnvinoa eis oTéyas Kata Tas
kopas. €v0a 1 of otpari@rat civ TOAAR Hdovy Heoav ert
Tas otéyas Kal Ta émitHdeLa’ Kal évtaida di-yyayov THY
vixta. 1h 9 torepata énopedovto bd xLdros TOAATs ent
tov Evdparny motayov, kal bi-€Bawvov airov' ai de
myal avtod éAé€yovto ov mpdow eivat. évredOev dé
€ropevovto iyepavy GAnv bia yidvos, Kal wodAol Trav
avOpaTev éBovdipiacay. Zeropayv b& ayvde & te 1d
TaOos ein. ete O€ Tis adT@ Ore of AvOpmmor Bovdruger,
kal Ort daydvres Te ava-ornoowTo. 6 b& Zevopav
dkovoas Taira Tepi-rjeu Tept Ta UroGyta, Kal ef mov TE
épan Bpwrov, bi-edid0v Tots BovAiGow. emerd)) dé Te
payouev, dv-istavto kal énopevovto,

They reach an Armenian village, but some are left behind,

[lopevopévay 8& Xewpicopos pev ad-txvetrar dpi
kvépas mpos Koépnv, cal xara-hauBdver yvvaikas Kal
kopas wdpopopovacas mpds TH Kpiyn Eumpoodev od
épvparos. atrat potwy avrovs tives clev. 6 Oe
éppnveds elwe Tlepovort Ste mopevowro mapa Bacihéws

*Ydpopdpor
(FROM THE PARTHENON FRIEZE)

+:
aol
‘ay
the
i
+
4
z -
i
rs
‘
ei ae
t 4
+
, { bd
g
”
ice

°°
V. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA, 49

x \ / € ‘ W id v4 > y
mpos TOV oatpatny. al 8 am-expivavto Ort OvK Ely
a 4
evtav0a, GAN am-exor Ooov mapacayynv. ob é, émel
¥ 9S ”
Oe ijv, ovv-Els-EpxovTat Tpos TOV Kopapyny Els TO Epypa
\ oars ie , , _ 5 , oo an
ovuv tats vdpopopurs. Xetpicopos peéev obv, Kat Oaot TOV
atpatiorav edvviOncav, evtaida éotpatovedevoarto,
Tov O€ GAwv ot pH Svvayevor Ad-ikveicOar évTava
evuktépevoav dowtot Kal dvev tupds’ Kal évrav0d ties
TOV OTPATLWT@V AT-GAOVTO.

Sufferings in the snow.

’Edelrovto 6& Kai ties, of pev St-epOappévor rods
b] \ € \ Led , € ‘ p) , X\
dpOadrpovs vm THs XLOVOs, OL bE amO0-TETNTOTES TOUS
daxTvAous TOV TOd@v LTO TOU Whyous. Av Sé Tos pEV
> a > , a , ” Ly #
dpOadpots EmtKoupnua THs XLOvos, Et TLs eAaV TL EXwD
mpo Tav dp0arp@v Topevoito, Tots d€ Touly, et TLS KiVOtTO

\ / a € / \ 3 2 / Ae /
kal pndemote Exo iovxtav, kal €f bmo-AvoiTo Ta bT0d7-
para Tip vd«ta. el O€ TwWES Exois@vTO t0-dSedEpevol, oF
e ’ /, P) \ , \. xX € /
tudvres eis-ed0ovTo eis Tovs mddas, Kal Ta Drodjpara
Mepi-eTNyVvuTo’ Kal yap, é7eLd) TA Apxaia bmodnpata eT
édimev adrovs, émoinoayv xapBarlvas éx tOv veoddptwy
Boop.

The sick refuse to proceea. The enemy follow in pursuit, but

are put to flight.

Ava radra obv b-eXelmovTé Tives TOY OTpaTLwTGV* Kal
lddvtes peAay tL xwplov eikadoy tiv xidva adrode tery-
, r \9 , x. , , a $
Kevan’ Kal éreTynKer 61d Oepunv Twa Kpnvyv, } mAnoloy jv

/ a .
atulCovea év vary. eévtad0a ovv exdOnvTo, kal ovK
épacav mopeverOa. 6 S& EZevodpdy edeiro airaév py
ano-AelnecOar, A€ywv St. ToAAOL ToAEuLo1 ErowrTo* TéAos
E

120

125

130

135

5O SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

XN \ ,
G€ Kat €xaXémaver, olf S€ exeAevoy xrelre* ov yap
” , las cal
épacay dvracba TropevOnvar. évtadOa edoke Kpatiatoy
2 al
145 eva hoBycat tovs Ewouevous ToAEulous, OTws pr) eT
, r ‘ X
lovey Tots Kdpvovot, Kal av pev oKxoros won, of Se
, , cal ,
TOAELLOL TpPOS-EeTay TOAAG BopvBw. €vOa 67) oi dmL0G0-
, b] / ¥ ] ‘ , ec ~
pvrakes €€-avaotayres Edpapov eis tovs ToAElous* of SE
, ‘\
KauvovTes, ava-Kpaydvtes SOooy edvvavTO, Expovoay Tas
>? , \ \ , € X / 7 a
150 domldas mpos Ta Sopata. ol 5€ ToAEuLOL SEloavTEs 7)KaV
c \ lad ,
€avtovs Kata Tis xLovos els THY vaTNY, Kal ovdels ErL
€pOey£ato ovder.

Cheirisophus conducts the sick to the villages. All find
quarters.
Kai Zevopay pev cal of ctv ait@ énopevorto rh 3
vaotepaia 6 pev Zevopav Téuwas Tpos tovs aobevoivtas
155 TOUS vEewTaTous exéAevey avayKacey avrtovs zpo-i€vat,
Xeipisopos 5& méurer Tivds Ex THS K@OuNsS TKEYopLEvous
m@s of TeAevtator €xorev, of 5€ Tap-edocav pev TovTaLs
Tous aoGevotvtas KopiCew ént Td orparomedov" aitot be
€mopevorvto, Kal 7jAOov eis THY Kounv EvOa Xetpicodos
160 nuAtCero. kat Xetpicodos pev avrod euevev, ot d€ GAAor
atpatnyot bi-€Akaxov GAAjAots Tas K@pas, Gs ewpwr,
éxaoto. €xovtes Tods éavTGv dvdpas.

Armenian houses. Barley-wine and manner of drinking.

*Ep d& ravrais Tais K@pats ai olkla: joav KaTa-yetot,
¥ ‘ x , oe , Xx > Lad -
éxovoat TO py atdua worep ppéaros, kaw SE evpeia

165 Kal Tois péev vmotvyios al eloodoe dpuxtai joav, oi dé
dvOpwmo xat-€Bawoy ent xAiwaxos. év 8é tats olxiats
jjoav alyes, oles, Bdes, Gprides, cal Ta Exyova ToUT@y*

V. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA. 51

> Ss s , w 2 / a ? \ \
Ta O€ KTIVN TavTa Evdov ETpéppeTO XLA@. Aoav bE Kal
mupol kal xplOal kal dompia Kal oivos KplOwos év Kpatipow*
3 b a > \ € ne | Led \ / b] /

€v ols kal adral ai kpiOal év-joav. Kal Kadapot €v-ExELvTO
avrtots, of pev petCous, of 6€ €AdTTous* TovTous be AdBovTeEs
,’ \ , ” ade? = oy , v ] ,
eis TO oTOpma EuvCoy, kat 6 olvos iv Tavu GKpatos, €t wy

5) / e ‘eo \ / / a ee /

Tls €ml-x€ot bdwp* evel S€ Tis ovv-EOicIEin a’Tw, Tavu
OvUs Hv.

Arrival at the Phasis. The enemy occupy the heights.

’"Evratda Eyewav hpyépas moAAas* peta 5€ rodTO éz0-

, \ ‘ a , Sian SX a > \
pevOnoav Tapa tov Paow wotapdv. ent b€ TH els TO

7 e code) / > cal / \r /

mediov UTEpBoAn an-nvTnoay avTois XadvBes cal Taoxor
Kal Paoravol. Xeipicodos be, éwel xat-cide Tovs ToAe-
lous én tH brepBoAy, émavoato Topevdmeros* Kal ovy-
kahéaas Tovs oTpatnyovs kal Aoxayods eheev GSE “ OF

XN / < Feros / ~ € X\ n
MEV TOAEMLOL, WS OPaTE, KaT-EXOVoL Tas vTEpBoAdds TOU
dpous* euol pev ovv doxel tmap-ayyeiAae pev Tols otpa-
TidsTals apioToToLetobat, muas 5€ BovdeverOar elre T1)-
pepov Eire avptov Soke? trep-Baddew 1d dpos.” “’Epot
dé ye,” &dn 6 KAedvep, “ doxet ws Taxtota lévar én
tous dvdpas. ef yap d1a-tpiponev tHvde thy hyépav, ot
TE Vov Has dpOvrTes Tod€utor Eoovtat Oappadewtepor, Kal
GAAot tAelous TovT@Y Tpos-yevygovTat.”

‘Let us steal a way over the mountain.

Mera todrov Zevopav ciner’ “'Eya b€ otrw yt-
yrookw. el pev avdaykn eotl pdxecOa, def TodTo mapa-
, ” € ! , he Cat acm
oxevdcacOat, Stws @s Kpaticta paxovpe0a’ «i 5& Bov-
AdpeOa @s paota tmep-BddrAew 1d dpos, TodtTo bet
oxépacba, Stas ws eAaxlotovs avdpas dmo-Badwper.
E 2

175

180

_

85

~
©
u

200

205

210

215

52 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

4 = a c al a
mohv obv Kpeitrdy pot Soxet weipacbar Krepar Te TOD

5 €pyjov dpovs Aabdvras, 7) paxerOar mpds icxupa xwpia

SW:
kal Gvopas Tap-eckevacpevous. Kal KAré€War 5€ odK adv-
lal = a
varov prot Soxel elvar, evel €€-eoTiv rpiv lévat vuKTos,

e NOGA € / 3
@OTE jt) OparOat umEp-BatvorTas.

Mutual banter between Cheirisophus and Xenophon.
b J / a a
“"Arap ti éy@ oup-BaddAopat Adyous Tepl KAOTHs 3
” \ Ly 7 3 / ( ea) ‘\ 7,
eywye yap, w Xeipicode, axkovw vas rovs Aakedatpovious
AX b fi c / \ 3 b] N >
evOus €k maldwy pedeTav KdETTELY, Kal OUK aloypov Eivat
évy tpiv, GAAG Kaddv KA€mTEW Goa vemos pi) KwAdvEL.
/ a
dtws b€ ws KparioTa KAETTNTE, VopyoV oT Hyty paoTt-
yotabar, éay AnpOnre KA€mTovTEs. VodV ovY KaLpds cot
éoti emt-deifac0ar tHv Tmatdelay, Kal pvddgacba py
AnpOGpev KA€TTovTés TL TOD dpovs, OTws pi) TAnyas Ad-~
p)
Bopev.” “AAG pévto.,” yn 6 Xeiploodos, “ Kal éyw
3 , ig an ‘ ? 7 \ @ / ‘ ,
akovw vas Tous A@nvaiovs dewous eva KAETTELY TA ONLO-
yA ¢ b) ‘ eee! / \ , 3
aia’ ate wpa earl kal col émi-deixvucbat TH TaLdeiav.

‘The enemy must be dislodged. Volunteers for the work.’
‘CEya pev toivuy,” épn 6 Zevopar, “ Eroysds eur,
éxwv tovs dmicOopvaAakas, tévat KaTa-AnWdpevos TO Gpos.
” x \ € , e / X / ied \
éxm 6€ Kal nyewovas* tovTwy 6€ murOavoyat OTL TO
dpos ovx GBardv éott. eAmridw d€ Tovs ToAEpslous odkért
a b) XxX € lal AN n o' ° ‘ fal
pevely, everday idwoww Huas emt Tay Axpwv' ovde yap viv
éédovct xara-Baivew eis ro toov jpiv.” 6 5 Xeuplrodos
elve’ “Kal rf de¢ o@ levar Kal Auvely Thy dmicOopvaAa-
klav; GAAQ Téyrpov GAAovs, cay pH Ties halvevra
eOedovtal.” €x tovTov eOedovral épalvovto TodAol: Kai
énoujoavto ctvOnua, Smdére éxotev Ta Ukpa, Tupa Kalew

220 TOAAG.

V. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA. 53

The Greeks gain the heights. Comfortable quarters.

/ ,
’Eevdn 0€ vvé eyevero, of wey taxPevres an-npxovTo,
ed
kal kar-ehaBov TO dpos’ of b€ GAAow av-emavovto. dpa
\ ° > ‘ \
d€ TH Tuepa Xeupicodos pev ye Kata Tip Odor, ob be
, \ v b {4 ~ » cA \
xata-haBovtes TO Opos ém-N€TaY KaTa TA Gkpa. Kat
a a
oUTOL OUp-pLyvvacL pepEer TOV TOAEUL@Y, Kal ot “EAAnves
viKdot kal bi@kovowv avrovs. €v TOUTH ot pEeV TEATAOTAL
tév ‘EAAnvev cov éx ToD TEdlov Tpos TOVs Tapa-TeTAy-
wevous, Xeipicodos be ep-eineTo ory Tots dmAirats, ob Se
Aotvol Tav ToAEuiov, emELd!) EWpwY TOUTOVS ATTwpLEVOUS,
épevyov’ of b€ “EAAnves, OUoavtes Kal ornodpevor Tpd-
i U 3 ‘\ of \ z >
Talov, KaT-eBnoay madww eis tO TedioV, Kal AOov eis
, X Qn ° ¢
KMOpas pecTas TOAA@Y EmLTNOELOD.,

Mountain fortresses of the Taochi.

"Ek 8€ tovTwy emopevOnrav eis Tadxovs* Kat Ta ém-
, 3 ih 5 ¢ Ss / ” , > SS
THydera em-eAtTEv* of yap Taoxor wxovy xwpia loxupa,
> A. 49) ‘4 / wD 4 > \ i> tate 'd
els & Gv-exopicavto Tavra Ta emiTHdELa. Emel bE Ad-iKovToO
hg a
mpos xwplov TL, év © Kal dvdpes Hoav Kal yvvaikes kal
KTHVN TOAAA, Xeuploopos A€yet TH Zevopovte' “ Todro
TO xwpiov aiperéov eotiv huiv’ TH yap otpatTia ovK €ore
A 3) n
Ta emuTndera, ef py AnWoueOa TO xwplov.”” evradOa 41)
3 , ‘ \ nN oe nf >] n 7 ,
eBovAevovto* Kal TOU Zevop@vTos EpwT@vtTos Ti KwAvor
avtovs eis-eAOeiv, 6 Xetpicohos einer’ “ Attn pia éori
A ein ae t a oA, /
Tapodos, jv Opas* Stay b€ Tis TELpaTat TavTn Tap-tévat,
of moAgutot KuvAwdotcr AlOous brep tavrns THs wérpas,
Kal cuv-tpiBovot Kal oxéAn Kal mAEvpas TOV oTpaTio-
TOV.”

235

230

tS
Ww
tn

240

54 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

Preparations for storming the fort.

’ ” n a a
"ANAG,” pn 6 ZevopGr, “7d yxwplov, 6 bet as
bi-eADetv, ayedov tpia nulmrAcOpa eat TovTov b€ Saov
/ , 3 s Ul e,? ? € ,
TACOpov dacv €stt TiTvor peyadats, vp als eEaTNKOTES
¥ IOEr a f ig \ n , ‘4
avopes ovdev av Tacxotev UTO TOV KvALVOoUpEvoY ALOwv.
A A A , td ec ig £ c “A
750 To 6€ AolTOY Xwploy ylyveTat @s HuitA€Opor, O Set Tapa-
dpapeiv, Grav of ToA€uLoe Anywor BadAovtes Tovs AiPovs.
, = 3) fal ” re € a a
Topevoueda ovv evtavda, EvOev Senoe Huty Tmapa-dpapyetv
, a . ”
pkpov TL, Kat padioy €otat am-edOeiv, Eav BovrddueOa.
evtev0ev emopevovto Xewpicopos kat Zevopov Kai KaddAi-
= , \ XX a ” 3 n ¢. A
255 axos Aoxayos* Kal eTa TOUTO avOpwrot an-HADov UT
Ta d€vdpa ws EBdopurKovTa, ovk GOpdot, GAAG Kab’ Eva,
a , ¢c 2) 4
€xaatos duAatro.evos ws €dvVaTo.

Stratagem of Callimachus. The fort taken. A dreadful scene.

"Ev0a 8%) KaAA(uaxos pnxavarai tt. mpo-érpexe dv0 F
tpla Briyata and tod dévdpov, tp’ @ adros Av" ered) be
260 of Aldor p€powro, av-exwper evTETGs’ emrel 5€ Tp0-dpapon,
, A Tee ¢ pees ay > , e
mhéov 7 d€xa Guakar metpGv ExdoTote av-nAicKkovTo. 6
d€ Ayacias, deioas pr) ob mp&tos adiros mapa-dpayor els
TO xwplov, dpparat pdvos, kal map-épxetat TavTas Tovs

e , iq > / Ls n 9 4 , 3
etaipovs. 0 6€ KadAiyaxos, 0p@v avtov Tap-tovTa, Emt=
265 AapBavetar adtod ths irvos* év b€ TrovTw ’AptoTevupos
Tapa-Tpéxes avtovs, kal pera tovroy EvpvAoxos’ kal
ovTws aipodor TO xwplov. evrai0a by dewdv jv O€apa.
al yap yuvaixes éppimtov Ta te matdla Kal éavTds Kara
Tav metpav, Kal of dvdpes enolovy taitd. EvOa dh
azo Aoxayes tis ldev twa Tov ToAEulwv Kara-ppiovta
éavtov, otoAip éxovta Kadjv, ém-hayBdverat av7ys* 6

V. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA, 55

\ 5] c Q Rie ay Be) , 4 “

de eml-omarar Tov Aoxaydv" Kat auPdrepor wXOVTO KaTAa
TOV TeTpaVv hepdpevot Kal am-EeOavoy. evTed0evy AvOpwTrot
pev Tavu oAtyou eAnpOncay, Boes 5€ Kai Ovot ToAAOL Kal
mpoBarta. 275

Arrival at Gymnias. ‘The sea, the sea!’

"Evred0ev énopevOnoav ba XadvBov, kal ad-ixovto
ent “Apracov motaydv' evted0ev 5& AOov mpos TOAW

, aA , a , 3 , rn ,
peyaAnv, 7) €xadetro Tupvias, €k tavTns Tis: TOAEwS
Corn , y , € , ane: ; .
O TNS XMpas ApXov TepTEL HyEova Tots EAAnow* €Adwv
d€ exeivos eimev Ort Lor adrods TEévTE HuEpGY Els Xwplov 280
d0ev OWowrTo Oddratrav. 6 b& HyeiTo adrois’ Kal ad-
LKVOOYTaL emt TO Gpos TH TEuTTY Hu€pa* Ovopa b& TO Oper
> vs 3 x X\ € n >) 4 > aS a ¥
nv Onxns. €mel O€ ol mpOTor €yevovTo Ent Tov Opovs

\ lal in U ‘\ NX 3 , c
Kat kat-eidov tHv Oadatray, Kpavyy) ToAAR éyeveTo. 6
d& Zeropov kat ot dmoOopirAakes akovoavtes w@nOnoay 285
ToAeplous emt-TiOecOar Tots EuTpoocber. emerd7 58 Boy

¥ 3 7 \ € ayok 3 , ¥ , Sook
mrelwy éylyveto, Kat ot del én-iovtes EOcov dSpdpm ent

x Lani n 3 , x o — na aes
Tous det Bo@vtas, eddxer 67) TH ZevohGvTe peiCov te
etvar’ kal ava-Bas ed’ inmov kal dva-AaBov Tors inmméas
map-eBonde. Kal Taxa 67 dxovovet TGV oTpaTLwTGv 290

ld ”?

Bowvtwy “ OdAatra, Oadatta,” Kal Tapa-Kedcvonéevev
aAANAOLS.

Joy of the Greeks. A guide well rewarded.

"Eva 6H mavtes €Ocov, kal Ta tTo@yia Kai of tnmor
3 /, 3 8 , 3 rd + £8: \ #
naavvovto, ene 5 mavtes Ad-ikovto emt TO Gxpor,
évradda 81) mepi-éBadAov aAANHAoUSs Kal orparnyovs Kal
Aoxayots daxpvovtes* Kal evOds of oTpatiGrat é€povor
AlOouvs Kal Tmovover KoAwVOY péyav. peta Tadra of “EAAn-
ves Gm0-néuTovar TOV HyEeudva dGpa Sdvtes avT@, inmov

1?)
©
wn

56 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

‘ , ° lad \ ‘ S \ , A
Kal diaAnv apyupav Kat oxevay Tlepoixyy kat xprara
00 6 6é befEas adtois Ko D €6 t trav 660
3 s avtois Kdbunv, od €der oKyvelv, Kal THY dd0Ov
iv mopevoowrto els Maxpwvas, WXETO THS VUKTOS.

The Colchians bar the way. A pithy address to the soldiers.

*"Evreddev ot “EAAnves enopevovto 51a Maxpavwv" ot
d¢ Mdxpwves rap-yyayov abrovs év tpioly npépas ent
‘ ae <4 3 Lal bf v , \ » XN /
Ta KoAywv Opia, €vtadv0a av opos peya, Kal emt ToUTOV
« eed / s \ \ AS. an ¢€
305 ol KoAxot mapa-TeTayperol oav. Kal TO MEV TP@ToV ol
“EdAnves avti-map-eragarto padayya’ emeita d€ ed0£¢ Tots
aTpaTyyots Toujoat dpOiovs Tovs AodxXovs. Kevopav se
’ ‘\ 3 ‘ \ » ’ \ cal nan Ov a
an-tov emt TO evovupoY ATO TOD SeEiod EAeye Tois oTpa-
< saben - Aen Se , ” ,
TLOTALS Avopes, ovToL os OpaTE povot ETL KwAVOVOLW
€ lal ‘ ‘\ ¥> = a / 3 , >) /
310 Nuas TO py 76n Elrat, EvOa TaAaL EaTEvOopeV ad-tkecOaL,
, a7 , a ee \ nm 9)
ToUTOUS, EaVv TwS SuVwOpEDa SEt Kal WOUS KaTa-payeEiv.

Rout of the enemy. Effects of poisonous honey.

’ \ Loa ow! : ad , ~ 79
Emet 0€ ExaoTot €yevovto ev Tats xwpats, Kal €7ol-
/ ’ 4 \ , \ ld
naavto dpOiovs Tovs Adxovs, of otpaTHyol Tap-ryyeAav
evxevOat Tots Oeois. edEduevor 5€ kai maavicavres én0-
, €c iN / id e > ‘ 4 /
315 pevovTo. ol O€ ToAEULOL, ws Elbo” avrovs Spd O€ovTas,
" &pevyov. of b€”"EAAnves brep-Bavtes 1d dpos éotparto-
medevoavTo év Koyats ToAAais Kal péotas emuitndelov.
‘ , . 3 ey, Law n a
kal opnvn TOAAG 7 adrdOur Kal dco. TOY oTpaTLwTaY
v cal / id DI A ¥ ‘ ’ \
épayov tév Knplwv, TavTes Ey’yvovto Apoves, Kal ovdels
320 edvvato totacbat dpOos.. ottm 5& ToAAOl ExewTo, BoTEp
lal / \ ‘ | ° “ 7 22 /
Tpomijs yeyernperns, kat TOAAH Hv GOvpia’ rH 8 borepala
odbdels pev am-eave, audi dé tiv abriv dpav dv-edpdvovv"
tpirn S€ Kal retapry 7jmépg av-latavto, womEp papyaKov
TET WKOTES.

VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 57

Arrival at Trapezus. Festival games.

"Evreddev 6@ nAOov én Oddattav eis TpareCotvra, 325
moAw “EAAnviba év 17 KédAxov xdpq. €évtad0a éroinoay
ayOva yupriKoy ev TO ope, EvOaTep eoxyvovy. €tdovTo
d€ Apaxdvtioy Snapridtny Kab-.crava. tov ayéva, Kal
exéAevov avtov Seigar rou Sou Tpexeww. 6 6& SeiEas TOV

2 ,

Adpov, ev @ EloTHKeoav, eivev' “ Obtos 6 Addos KaA- 330
Atotos €ata TO you.” “T1ds obv,” epacav, “ dvr7-

, > , ° a 4 Pp gS) CE .
govTat Tadalew €v xopa OUTw oKANPG Kat dacEia;”’ O O€
einev, “‘O xata-Tecwv paddov Tt avidceTat.” Kal Taides
pep ToAAOL TOV aixyareTtov ywvicovto, Kpires be

4 x € , ” / \ bd \ X X
mAelous 7) EEnkovta EOcovr Tadn 5€ Hv Kal mvyp) Kal 335

t yo ‘ Loo, - \ »¥ Toes we

maykpatiov. Oeov b€ Kal immo Kal eer avrovs eAd-

x n“ , b] , Ps a / \
gavras kata Tov Addov ava-oTpEe at ev TH OaddtTy Kat
maAdw dvw edOeivy mpos tov Bwpov. Kat ot pev ToAdoOl
DI a / € SUG, , 3 , \ \
ExvALVOovVTO KaT@, ol b€ immoL POALS ETOpEvOVTO TPOS TO
v “ ” “ X\ \ f- \ /
opOtov* EvOa ToAAH Kpavyn Kal yeAws Kal TapakéAevats 340
eylyveto.

CTLAE DE he. Vike
TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE.,

The Greeks vote for going home by sea. Cheirisophus goes to
Byzantium for ships.

Mera ratra of "EAAnves €BovAevovto rept Tis Aownts
mopeias* mp@ros 6€ ’Avti€wv av-éorn Kal édeEev Bde

58 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

“"Eyoye, ® avdpes, ano-Kapve on BadiCov Kat tpéxov
kal cbépwv 7a SAG Kal duddtrwv pvdakas Kal pax dopevos*
evel 5€ viv Exouev Oadutrayv, émt-Ouyd mrely TO AOvTOV
Ths Topelas, kal ovUTws ac-tKécOat els tiv ‘EAAdSa.” of
d€ OTpaTL@TaL akovoavTEes TatTa adv-eOop’Bnoav ws
A€you, kal TmavtTes ol map-dvTes EAeyou TavTd. Emetta be
Xeipicopos av-€oTn Kal eimev GE “ Pidos pol eatiy, @
10 avopes, AvakiBios 6 év Bucavtiw vadvapxos* éav oby Téu-

Wnré pe, Hw wadrw e€xov Kal Tpijpers Kal tAota* tpels

d€ mepi-pevere Eat’ Gv €y® EAOw.” axovcavtes Tadra ol

oTpaTiatat HaOncdy Te Kal eWnpicavto adroy TAEiy ws

n

TAXLOTQ.

Foraging. Attack on a fortress of the Drilae.

15 “Ev o 6€ drv-euevov tov Xetpicodor, of “EAAnves e€-
necay emt Aeiav? Zevopav be, AaBwv yeudvas tv
TpateCovvtiov, é&-jye TO Mutov tod otparevparos eis
Apidras, TO O& Hutov Kar-eAime GuAdtrew TO oTpaTeTeE-

3 ‘ \ em > 2} a , 4 a“
dov. émel b€ of EAAnves Hoay ev TH vw xwpq, ot Apidat

20 €umimpavtes TOAKG TOV xwpiwy am-Hecay. ev de ip
xwplov pytpdmoAts avtav’ eis totro mavTes ouv-Ep-
punkerav. mTept dé TodTo Hv xapddpa loxupGs Babeia, kat

/ \ \ \ ‘4 e XS \
Tpocodot xadeTat mpos TO Xwpiov. ol d€ TeATaCTAl b.ia-
‘ LAN / \ A / o
Bavres tiv xapadpav mpos-eBardov mpos TO Xwpiov
25 ToAAOL b€ Kal dopupdpor cuv-elmovto adtois, Bote ot dae
/ b Tests / x 4
Bavtes €yevovto mAEiovs 7 Sis-xiAtot.

An awkward predicament. Xenophon to the rescue!
"Emel 5 paxdperor odk edvvavto daBeiv TO xXwpior,
éx-exelpouv jin am-tevat, ws b€ ovK eddvavTo amo

:
t
7,
'
a
a)
} a
3
; : i
‘ oi
os
;
7 . ; i
2 {
: :
- : =
$ i ; (
ae my ‘ 7 i z
q ‘ x 3 _ “ i H
» = : : - .

(azqiud NONAHLUVd AHL WOU)

S131],

VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 59

“~ e na rd
otpepev, TéuTover Tpos Hevoparta’ 6 be Hyeiro Tots
lal ld
onAitats. Kat 6 EZevodav, mpos-ayayeyv tovs dmAiras 30
icf
Tpos tHv xapddpav, exeAevoev adrovs OéoOa Ta Onda"
TES X x ‘ ca val 3 ta Q ,
autos 6€ d1a-Bas ovv Tots Aoxayots éoxoTEiTo TO Xwpior.
,
kal Tovs wev Aoxayovs éneuTrE TAAW, STws d1a-BiBacerav
\ e 2 SN ae b) 4 d ‘
Tous OmAtTas* autos b€ weve ava-xwpicas Gnavtas Tovs
x 4 ‘A °
TEATAOTAS, Kal OVK ela adTovs axpoBoArCecbar. emet Se 35
ot OmAtrat fKov, éxeAevoev Exactov Tv AoxaySv Toijoat
TOv éavTov Adxov.

Vigorous assault. Temporary repulse of the enemy.
Kai of pév enolovy tatra’ 6 b& Zevopay éxédcvoe
LY ‘ Be , N ‘ ,
Tous TeATaoTas levat di-nyxvAwpeévous, Kal Tovs TofoTas
levar émt-BeBAnpevovs emt tais vevpais’ éxéAevoe de Kal 40
Tovs yupvatas éxeww Tas SupSepas peotas AlOwv. erel SE
mavtTa Tap-ecxevacto, Kal % odAmy& épOéy€ato, of
omAirat matavicavtes EOcov Spdum"’ Kal Ta BéAN pod
epepero, Adyxat, Toevpara, spevddvat, TAciaTor be éx
TOV xElpGv AlPov joav be ot Kal Top mpos-epepov. tnd 45
d€ Tov mAnOovs Tdv BedAGv of Tor€utor EAtTOY Ta TE
oTavpopata Kal Tas TUpoeis’ wate Ayacias kal Pidrd£evos,
, xX 4 3 lel , YS / XN
Kata-Oeyevot Ta Orda, ev yxiTSvt pdovov av-€Bynoav, Kal
GAXot pera TovTous’ Kal Td xwplov HAdKEt, ds CddKeEt.

The Greeks begin to plunder, but are forced to beat a retreat.

an
°o

Kai of pév meAractat Kat of yidol eis-dpaudvres
ipmagov 6 tt Exacros édtvaro* 6 b& ZevopSv oras xara
Tas mUAas Kat-exdAvoe Tovs dmAlras ew" ToA€mor yap
GAdoe epaivovto én’ dxpois tioly ioxvpois. pera 88
oAiyov xpdvov Kpavyy Te éyeveto Evdor, cai of “EAnves

>

60 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

55 eevyor, of mev Exovres & EAaBor, of b& Kal TeTpepevot'
\ ‘ ay > ‘ b] ‘ SS , X tat os.
kal moAvs qv @Otcpos audit Ta OvpeTpa. Kal ot Ex-
, v oe ” - 4 ” . ‘ /
mintovtes EAeyor Ort axpa Te Ely Evdory, Kat TOAAOL TOAEuLOL
3 + aod a. 3 , ‘ A ” 3 /,
€V aUT?, Ot Ex-CedpapyryKxdtes Talolev Tous Evdov avOpwrous.

Attack upon the inner fort, at first unsuccessful.

"Evraiéa éxéAevoe Tov xipuka Gv-ereiv, Tovs BovAope=
PJ

U o7 ¥ 4 A , / ‘4

60 vous Tt AapBavewv levat Elow. Kal TOAXOL Els-7,EcaY, Kat

' \ , , > a ¥ ‘

kat-ekAeloay Tous ToAEulovs TaAW els THY aKpay. Kal
ral a

Ta pev €€w THs akpas Tavta bi-npracdn, Kal of “EAAnves

ef-exopicavto Thy Alas of 6€ bwAtrat EOevTo Ta SmAa,

c S b ‘\ ‘ , ¢€ XX \.. ‘ € ‘ ‘

ot pev audi ta otavpépata, of 6€ Kata THY ddov THY

, PS ‘ ” CY C= n \ € \

pepovoav ent THv Gxpav. 6 b€ Zevopaev kai of Aoxayot

ce Z

€okonovy ei dvvatov ein AaBeiv tiv axpav' coke 8 ad-
. \ l4 > / e > a“ ee

Tots TO xwplov ov AnmTéov eEivat. eEvTavOa ot “EAAnves

6

on

” b) lad , b] > LL \ n
np€avto amo-xwpety' xwpovvTwy 8 ait@v ToAAOL TOV
TroAepiov e&-€Oeov Exovtes yeppa Kat Adyxas’ kali GAXot
B) / : ae | x Shae > Ve 2 | , , 4
av-€Bawov ént Tas olkias, kal én-eppintoy Edda péyada
v ow % e \ , WE /

dvwlev, GoTE XaAeTOV Ty Kai weve Kal a7-LEvas.

°

7

The Greeks set fire to the houses. The fortress taken.

"Ev @ 8% eudxovro Kal rmopodvto, OeGv Tis didwow
avtois pnxariyv cwrnpias. eLanivns yap oikla tis ev
defia av-ehappe, cal mavtes Epevyov amd tév ép
75 de£ia oixiG@v. as b& 6 Zevopay euabe todro, éxéAevev
év-dntew xal tas ev dpiorepa oixias, at joav EvAuvat,
@ote Kal taxd éxalovto. of 3 ovv modduor Epevyov Kai
and TovTwy TOY olKi@v. éevTadOa éxéeAevoe Héepew LvAa
eis TO péecov éavtGv kal TGv Todepiov. émel 5& LbAa
80 ixava Hv, €v-fyav Kal otrw ports an-HADov and Tod

oa

VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 61

fal / n a
xwplov, Toiodwevor Tip ev péow EavTav kal Tov
i \ a € , 4 \ € >
ToAcuioVv. Kal Taca 7 TOALS KaT-ExaVOn, Kal ai olla
‘i € fe \ \ VA XN X\ BS XS /
Kal al TUpoels Kal Ta OTaVp@paTa Kal Ta GAAQ TaVTA

7 ‘\ wore an »”
kat-exavOnoay, TAY avTHs THs akpas.

No news of Cheirisophus. The Greeks leave Trapezus for
Cerasus.

ko) \ € , co@ 3 U4 v a
Ty 6€ vorepatg ot “EAAnves am-necay €xovTes TA
emirnoera. emel S€ ovrTe Xeuplioopos jeev, ov7e TAota
7
ikava wv, ovTe €re Tv Aap Pave Ta emiTHdera, eddKeEL
avtots am-.téov evar THs TpameCodvtos. Kal eis pev Ta
a 3 , , ) an \ Ni Cate
TAota ev-eBiBacav tovs Te aobevovyTas Kal TOUS UTEP
TeTTapakovta éTn, Kal maidas kai yuvaikas, kal Tov
a e Nie) / be ot e bs w >) ,
oKevayv Goa py avayKn iv exe" of S€ GAAow ewopevovto
KaTa ynv. Kal ad-tkvodvto topevdpevor eis Kepacodyvra,
, € y 728) / 3 ge Ls ,
mod EAAnvida eémt Oadattn év ti Kodxide yxa@pa.
5) a »” ant Pee \ 29¢7 ae? y
évtadda e€uewway i€pas déxa’ Kal e€€racis eylyveto Kal
apiOj.0s THs oTparias’ Kat €yevovTo dxKTakis-xiALoL Kal

é€axdatou.

Among the Mossynoeci. Their barbarous manners.

"Ex Kepacodvtos 5€ mopevovta émt ta Moocvvolkwy
id \ 4 a 7, € i 3 Cole J f. ,
Opla, Kal aipovot xwplov te vndov Ev TH Exetvwy xdpa.
\ x al ia n -, (2 oe € ,
Ta d€ TA€ioTAa TOUTWY THY Ywpiwy ToLadE TV. al mOAELS
5) a 5 peel , Y 2 , , Pt ee
am-etxov am adAndAwy dcov dydonkovtTa atadia’ ava-

, x 3 A , 3 ” e / ,
Bo@vrwy 5€ GAAnAwWY ovV-HKOvVOY Ek THs ETEpas TOAEWS
els THY Er€pav' obtws tWndryn TE Kal KolAn H xapa jv.
mopevdpevot 5 of “EAAnves efdov maidds tivas Tov
> , ‘ , /, e cal c
evdaluovwy aitevTous, TeOpappevous Kapvors EdOots, az-
adovs kal odddpa AeEvkods, ToikiAovs 5€ Ta vara kal

85

go

biel)

105

62 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

XX ” , 3 / , \ e
Ta eumpocbev mavra eotiypevous. - mavtes Se of avdpes
Kal ai yuvaikes tjoav Aevkol. Tovrovs ol sTpaTevoapevor
é\eyov BapBapwrartovs elvat mavTwv, ods bi-eAOorev. EV
i v wy >} , d ” 2 3 tA »
Te yap OxAW OvTeEs ETOLovy GrEp AvOpwrot ev epnula av
’

110 Toljmerav, povot TE OvtTes Empatrov amep per GAAWY
¥ U ” / , c fal ‘ b] /
dvres mpagetay Gv* Si-eA€yovTd te EavTois, Kal éyéAwv
Nya ie € fal \ > a oe Pr: yy fc4
ép €éavtots, Kal @pxotvTo Omov TVXOLEV OVTES, WoTEP
3 , wv ‘ - 4
emt-Serxvvpevot GAXAos THY epTretplav.

Cotyora. Embassy from Sinope. The Greeks enquire about
their route.
Ata tavtys Tis x@pas of "EAAnves emopevOntav dxto
11g oTaOpyovs, Kal ap-tKvodvrat eis XaAvBas. evTedOev ad-
ixvobvrat eis TiBapnvods, cal peta Tadvta Tmopevdpevot dvo
npepas ad-txovto els Koréwpa méAw “EAAnvida. évtadda
euevay Huepas teTtapdkovta mévre. ev b8& TavTas
mp@rov pev €Ovoav tots Oeois, cal emotnoayv Topmas Kal
b ae 4 x b , Pl \ ‘ >
120 dy@vas yupvixovs. Ta 8 émirydera €AapBavoy Ta pev ex
ths UadAayovias, Ta 5€ €x TOY Xopiwy Tov KotvwpiTor.
3 / ° , Ys , .
év rovtw €pxovrar éx Livadtys mpécBers, mpo-nydper be
’ nr er , \ xX f e XN e A
av7@v “Exatovupos, dewvos Ov A€yewv. ovrot O€ Etzov Ort
> cd , , x A , ,
_ OUK HKovev Tornodpevor TOAEMOV, GAAG em-SelLovres Gre
* , nw
125 @iAot elev. x TovTov of te Koruwpira: éreumov via,
kal of otparnyol trav “EdAjvev efévicov tots tadv
Swaonéwy apérBes* Kal ervvOavovto aitav wept ths
Aownijs mopelas, €¢ Kata yhv 7) Kata OddAatray déut
Tropever Oa,

VI, TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE, 63

Answer of Hecatonymus. ‘A land journey is impossible; you
must go by sea to Heraclea.’
‘O 8 ‘Exatavupos dva-otas einevt “Olda pev Ore
€ al er iS 4 / aN \ /
npeis @€ouev TOAD TAEl@ TpdypaTta, €av Kata OddaTTav
Kopl@yobe Senoer yap jpas mopiCew ta mAoias éav Oe
Kara yijy tmopedynobe, byas dejoe elvar Tovs paxopevovs.
duos O€ Sef A€yew & yryvaockw’ EuTrerpos ydp ele Tis
tév HadpAaydvev xopas. exer 6& Kal media Kdddora
% ¥ € Uj é y) BS / i ae Bel n
Kat opn vyndorata* tovTwy b€ KaT-ExoLEvwY UTO TOV
ToAculoy, ovde of Tavres GvOpwror SvvaiTo dv bi-cdOeiv.
3 \ ~ , c. n x y X n lal
el 0€ Kal Ovvatobe UTEp-Bijvar Ta Opn, Kal KpaTHnoaL TOV
TlapAaydvev év tO medio, Héere emt tovs Torapous,
n \
mp@tov pev TOV Oepyuadovta, Sevrepov be "Ipv, rpirov be
“Advr, Gv odvdeva av bvvaabe b1a-Binvat dvev TArolwy' Tis
d& map-é€er tuiv Ta TAoia; éav b€ dva-PyTe Tov “AAvr,
ad-ifea0 emt tov Tapbémov, ds GBards éotiv woattas.
éyo pey ody vouilm thy Kata yiv Topelay eivar TavTa-
997 Ayla ES , 3 , N
macw advvatov’ éay 6é€ mAenre, EvOevde pev Tapa-
mAciceaOe eis Swemv, ex Diemns b€ eis “Hpdxderav"
TOAAG O& Tria eorv ev ‘Hpaxdreia.” of SF “EAAnvEs,
3 , n 3 lA 2: f. ‘x /
akovoavTes Tatra, enpioavro tévat kata OddarTapv.

Xenophon’s grand pryect. Silanus creates an alarm.
"Ev 08 rovT@ 7 xpdvm eddKe ZevopGvte xadov eivat
mow Kart-ouxicat év To [dvT@, kat ottw mpos-KTHcacbat
xepav kal ddvauw tH ‘EAAdo. kal éxt rovrots eOvero
AdOpa Tay oTpaTiwrdy, Tapa-Kadێoas ViAavov, Tov Kvpov
/ , c XS \ ‘ ~ an /
MavtTw yevouevoy. 0 6€ LtAavos, dediws py TadTa yévoiTo
‘ 3 x -. 3 2 >s « /
kal ) otparia Kara-pelverey (€BovdreTo yap ws Tdx.oTa
ap-ixécOat eis thy “EAAdba), eAeye mpos 7d oTparevpa

39

135

-_

40

145

155

64 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

Ort Zevodav Bovdoito oikicat moAw avroo., Kal Tou}-
4 \ , € lal na X lal nan
cac0at ovoya Kal Ovvapiv EavT@. Tots b€ ToAAOls TOV
Lal 3 \ yy cal 3 , / ta)
OTPATLOTOV, ETEL TKOVTaY Tadra, ddKer BEeATLCTOY eEivat
pa) Kata-peivar ey TO [Idvt@. Tipaciwy be cal Odpag
ps , 3 , x , n € n \
edoBnoapy €umopous Twas Tap-ovtas TOV HpakX\ewT@v kai
Ywaoréwv, A€yovtes Ste xivduvos eln Todvs, ef TocadTH

16

(e)

vA a bp a ,
dvvams peiverey ev To LldvTo.

Timaston offers to settle the Greeks in Troas.

Ot &6€ €umopor axovoavtes tadta an-nyyedAov tals
’ es a . eG n , \
moheot Suvwnets 6€ wai “HpaxAeGtat méumover mpods
‘ a] , ‘ 4 a Sei /, X\ ‘
165 TOV Tiaciwva, kal KeAevovow adtov melOew Ty oTpaTLaV
e€-ehVeiv ex, ToD TIdvtov. 6 8% ovd-Ae~as tovs otpa-
Tuatas A€yer TAdE’ “OV Set Huas evOdde perery, ® avdpes,
GAAG @s TaxLoTa am-Levar emt THY “EAAdSa. adxovw bé
twas OvecOar emt TovTm AdOpa tuGv. -voxvodpar be
€ fal 5 Go ¥ ‘ ig cr , e bes e lad
170 bpiv, €av ex=TAENTE, Tap-eLeLv vyly jucoOov' Kal aw vuas
els Ti Tpwada, évOev eiul puyds, xal ) eun mddALs d7-
dpe. byiv’ Hnyjoouar 6& tyas Kal GAdoce, EvOev Arppeabe

/ ”

TOAAG XpHpaTa.

Xenophon's defence. i. ‘My only object 1s your welfare; if
Silanus says otherwise, he speaks falsely,’

‘O 8@ ZevopGy ev tovtw pev ealya’ borepov 8é ava-
17g aTas eime Tae “'Ey® pev, ® drdpes, Oona Kal bmep
tpuav Kal bmep Euavtod, dws Tatra AéLw Kal vonow kal
mpago, & éorar KddAd\wora tyiv te Kal euol. Kal viv
COvdunv epi avrod rovrov, «f dpyewov ein A€yew els
tyas mep ev vo exw mpdrrew, t) mavtanact oryav Trepl
180 ToUT@y, Lidravos b€ 6 pavtis am-explvard pow Ta wey

VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE, 65

lend elvat kada* edeke Se Ste ev Tots tepots galvoird tis
ae ae Ne ae gi. 9S 7 . o SBN 5)
ddAos Kal emtBovdn euol eylyywoxe yap bru adtos €7-
eBovrAeve dia-Baddrew pe mpds tyuas, A€ywv os eyo dia-
voolunv mparrew ratta AdOpa tydv.”
>

“eT , eae ; ;

ll. now give up my project; let us return to Greece.

coon \ ~ >] X\ L any 4 nee 3 a an b]

yo 6é, ef pev Edpwy buds anopodvtas TeV emTY-

defor, eoxdtovy Gv todto, Stws tpyels AaBdvtes TOAW
TWA ato-TAEvoaTE 70n, ef BovrAorwbe ef SE pH Bov-
howe ar-tévar, CoxdTovy STws evOade pevovTes KTHTALG OE

, 3 x < CA e , iN /
Xpyyara. eémet 5€ OpO HpakrAedtas Kat Swwtéas
méuTovtas tyiv tAota, Kat dvdpas tivas ba-toxvoupevovs
eon \ , a, * Ce /
tpiv pucOov, Kadcy por Soxet elvar pas cw opevors
amo-mA€iv" Kal advtds Te Tavopat exeivyns THs dvavoias, Kal
tovs dAAovs xphvat dyyt TavecOar, door atv epol b-
evoovvTo TatTa. yiyvdoKkw yap Str dpod pev dovres
TOAAOl, Ganep viv €ate, Kal vtipor €oeoOe Kal efere TA
emiTnoera’ eav O& dia-omacbijre kai drlyou yérnade, ovTeE
duvvyjcec0e AapBaveww Tpodryy, ovTEe KAaAwS ATO-xXwpelv.

9.7% a Ns NO eon . , ’ \
Tavta ovv doxel eyolt Gmep tyiv, ex-mopeverOa eis THD
‘EdAdba* kal édv tis azo-Almy ijpas, Tply Tay TO oTpa-

a 3 2 n a 4 « 3 a ”

Tevpa €ivat ev dodadel, TovToy KpivecOat ws adixodvTa.

Silanus foiled in bis object. New project of Timasion
and Thorax.

"Ent tovtois Gmavtes dy-éreway tas yeipas’ 6 Oe

Didavos €Bda, A€ywv ws Sixaoy ein am-tevar Tov Bovdd-
€ > an 3 / 3 ana a ’ re

Bevov. ob 0€ otpatiarat 7TElAovy avr@ Sri, ef AjouvTo
amo-diSpdoxovta, Kohaceay adtov. évredOev of ‘Hpa-

n \ \ nN / ‘ % / @
k\e@Tat TA ev TActa TEuTOVEL, Ta b€ xpHpwara, & UT
écxovto Tiyaclwvt xal Odpaxt, ovk ehacav décev.

F

185

Tgo

Leal

95

200

205,

66 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

évradda 8) Tiyaciwy cat Odpat, tapa-AaBdvtes Tors
dAXous oTpatynyovs, TARY Néwrvos tod “Acuaiov, épyovrat
\ od n \ (4 ” . Cea ”
mpos Kevopavta, Kal Aeyovow OTL doxel avrots 767
21c KpatuaToy eivar TA eis DPaow, Kal Kata-cyely ‘THY
lal ed an x»
Pactavdv yapav. Zevopav b€ an-explvaro Ott odk av
a f cad >
elmo. Taita eis THY oTpatiay “tpets be,” Edn, “ ovaA-
AéLavtes Tovs oTpatiatas, el BovrAEaOe, A€yere.”

Dissatisfaction of the army. Xenophon calls a meeting.

ig \ lal b] EY n , \ €
Oi 6€ orpati@ra ExvOorTO TatTa TparTopevae Kal O
:

is)
~
wn

? / wv e — n na ” XN ,
Newp eheyev ws Zevod@v bta-vootro ayew Tous oTpatia-
/ 3 oe e) bd x e ie
Tas madw eis Paow. ,dxovoartes b€ of oTpaTi@TaL
a ” Ai \ , bla, Son
XareT@s eEbepov TavTa’ Kat ovAdAoyot EylyvovTo avT@r
\ , f 3 X 5S hm a >
kal KUKAot ouv-loravto. eénet 5€ Zevopav nadaveto,
” oo) Stow € / tal
edogey ait@ ws TaxLoTa ovy-ayayeiy Tovs oTpaTLMTas,
\ ~ bal > ‘ cal > AY OS a.
320 Kal pr) €Goat avToUs avA-A€Eyijvat alTopdtovs’ Kal éxé-
evoe TOV KypuKa ovd-héyew exxAnolav. of be, ézet
a , cal
KOVTaY TOD KYpUKOS, cur'-€5papyoy para EToipws. evtavda
6 Eevopav €deLev de"

Xenophon’s second defence. i. ‘The reports against me are
SJalse; I could not deceive you if I would,

“°Axovw tiva bia-Baddrew eye, @ dvdpes, ws eya ef-
, ea / ¥ 3 a 3 , =
225 aTaTyoas tas péAAw ayew els Dosw. dxovoate odv
> an , . Ses x \ , . “ >
€uod A€yovTos’ Kal éay pev eyd alvopat adixeiv, em-
Ogre rou Sixnv' eav be of Que b1a-BdddAovres halywvrat
ee 33 b nm iA Led > a oe ¥ , 3
vpiv ddtely, otro yxpncde adtols, onep Gkidv éort.
tyeis 68, oipat, tore GOev HAvos av-loyxet, Kal Owov Sverat
azo Kab Sri eay pév tis eis rv “EAAdda péddn léva, mpds
éxnépav det ropeveoOa, eay b€ tis BovAnrar iévar els

VI. .TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 67

rovs BapBdpous, Stu det mopevecOar Tpos Ew. etlatacbe
DX n n >

dé kat Todro, Ott Bopeas pev pepe €Ew rod IIdvrov eis

‘i n \ 4

Thy ‘EAAdba, voros 6 déper elow eis Paow" Kal Acyere,
a a NO Aue t

Otay Bopéas mven, @s Kadol TAot elow els rv EAXAGOa.
, 4 , aN 5) a ( Seta nN a 9 ,

tis obv dvvaito ay é€-atatHoat tuas H TEéloat eu-Baivery,
a fa / Fae

dtav vdTos TVEN ;

ii. ‘ Neither could I force you to accompany me. These
calumnies proceed from pure jealousy.

AAG Kal eay eu-BiBdow tas, Otay yarn 7}, eyo
‘ ’ GSN , ? e cal ~~ PS € , nt
pev €v Ev TAOiM TAEVTOAL, Yuets OE EV ExaTOV. TOS
> 4] ‘ x / Lavan a \ 3 A ‘\
obv €y@ av Biacaipny vyas TAEiy ouY Epol pr Bovdoc-
/ \ XN hE 2 , EA en > a
pevous; Kal d7 €ay e€-atatTnoas ayw vas eis Paow,
Naa. , A \ (2 , ic4 x >
kal amo-Baivwpev els THY Xopav, yuooerOeE OTL OVK EaTE
év 77 “EAAdOL, Kal éy@ pev Eoouat els, dpets be eoecde
t oo Gg 3 XX 2 fe ) € , BA
Muplol, €xovtes OTAG, GAAG OUTOL Eloy ot Adyot GvdpwY
nAWiov, ot POovodcw eyol, Gre ey@ Tiydpat vp’ bydv.
kairo. ov dixaiws ye dv por POovoiev? eyo yap Kwodrvw
* / b EY x‘ / \ n n 5 Cal a ,
ovdeva avTav n Eyer TEpL TOU KOLO ayabod 7 pa-
Cen € n bal * n b] ‘\ cal S ’ cal
xecOat vTep yuGp TE Kal eavTov. adda TavTa ey apKel
Se Geren \ , a7 eon ” o
euol, & elpyka TEpt TOUTwY" Et OE TLL Uu@Y GAAoO TL OoKel,
AeEdtw.”

Xenophon accused of harsh dealing. A witness examined.

Ex rovrov mavres av-totdpevor @deyov Tovs Tov Zevo-
pavra dta-Baddvras dSodvar dixnv' edofe b& Kal Tovs
aTpatnyous bmo-cxelv dikny trav ev TH mpdobev xpdve
mempaypevov. évtav0a 57) kat-nydpnody tives EZevo-
gavtos, pdoxovtes talecOa bn adrod év tH Topeia.
kal 6 Zevopdv éxédevoe tov mpGrov A€favta einety Tod

F 2

335

240

270

275

280

68 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

kal émdijyn. 6 8& at-expivato? “"Onov az-wddtpeba TO
plyet, cal yiov mrelotn Fv.’ 6 5& Eevopev ctrev
“AAA pay, ef ev ToLovtm Karpoe TBpifov, spodroye
€ , = na ¥ e o” XX \ , ‘
UBpiororepos eivat TOV Ovwv' dpuws be wal A€fov, dia
y AS | te , ” , \ v , BI ,
ti énAnyns’ méTepoy arovy Ti oe, kal éxaidy ce, énel
, / xX 33
fot ovK €did0us 3 7) Aw-yTouy TL; 7) WEOVwY Ee UBp.to ;
émet 5@ 6 arp elzevy ovdey elvar tovtrwv, 6 Zevodar
éx-npeto aitov el dmAiTevot. ovdk Epy 6 avnp. TdAW
npeto avtov ei TeATACOL. ovde TodTO Edy, GAAG EAaUvELY
an ,
nulovoy Kedevobels tnd TOV TvVTKHVaD.
Barbarity of a soldier towards his comrade. Xenophon
amply justified.
’ “A Ste na 3 , ok \» -
Evratéa 81 6 ZevodGv av-eyiyywoxev adtov Kal ipeto
> 2 ”
zs ” “Nal,” pn 6 avnp,
“od yap nvayxatés pe TodTO Toijoca’ Si-eppupas BF Ta

Nowe. SN , 2 , >
H ov €l 0 Tov Kayvorta ayayev ;

TOV €uav ovoxjvev crety.” “AAG H ev Sidppupis,”
épn 6 Eevopav, “ ad€ mas eyéveto’ b1-€dwxa Ta oKEevn
GAdows Gyew, cal éxelevoa an-ayayeiv aita tpds eye
kai avo-haBwv an-€dwxd oor Gravta oGa, éwerd)) Kal od
an-éderfas eyol tov dvdpa. dtyels BF axovoate oloy Ta
Tpaypa é€yévero. avnp Kat-edelmeTro Sia TO pnxére bv-
vacOat ropevecOar' Kal éy® Hvdyxacd oe ayew adror,
Smws ph am-dAowTo" Kal yap moAduor ed-efmorto piv.
ézel 5& exeAevoad oe mpo-tévat, torepov Kat-éAaBdv oe
éputrovta BdOpov, as Kat-opvfovta tov GvOpwroyv. ézel
d€, map-eaTyKdTwr Hudv, 6 avip cuv-éxape Td oKéAos,
ol map-dvtes ovv-expayov Srt Cyn" ad be eizes, ‘ Eire Gh,
elre réOvnxev, Eywye ovx Géw aitrdv. évradda Exaicd
ce edofas ydp por eldévar Ste 6 Gvnp Ky.” “Ti odv;*
épy, “irtéy te an-Oaver, enel eys cor an-ederga

VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 69

avrov;” “Kat yap nets,” én 6 Zevodar, “mavtes amo-

Javovpeat tovrov ody Evexa Set Nuas CGvTas Kat-opvxO7-
333 a t b) , € Ch a ,

vat;” évtadv0a mavteEs ay-expayov ws 6 Hevopev Tatoeev

avtov dAtyas mAnyas.

Xenophon continues his defence. i. ‘My seeming harshness was
justified by circumstances.’

“O b€ Zevopar exédevey GAAovs A€yewv Ova th Exactos
evdijyn. émel b€ ovdels av-iaTato, atros eAeyev' ‘7Eya,
eas oe (d n a XN » bed ica , °
@ avopes, Oporoy® natoat dn avdpas Eviore, Ovor AiTOvTES

DS é \ / wy € / \

Tas Tagets Kal Tpo-O€ovtes OeAOV apTaew TE Kal TAEOV=
extely nuove. et b€ mavTes eTOLodMEY TODTO, GmarTeEs
x 3 , 4 \ > /

dy am-wrdpeOa. eEnaica Se Kal Tivas ava-mavopévous

\ % 2 ts 3 / ‘ 3 , lA
Kal ovK €OéA\ovtas av-ivracOat, Kat €Biacdpnv Tovovtovs
mopeverOat. Kat yap &v T@ loxup@ XEluOre Xadrenov HV

a ld \ a
kat euavt@, Kab-eConer ToAvY xpdvov, ava-oTivat Kal
€x-Telvat TA oKeAn. 61a TovTO ovY, SmOTE Wott GAAOV

‘\ i. \ 4 ” ’ , i ‘\
tiva Ka0-nwevov Kal BAakevovta, HAavvoy avtdv’ TO pev
yap kivetoOa map-cixe Oepyaciay twa Kal bypdryTa, 70

\ a Le , e > / \ € / n
d€ Tod xaO-7jo0at TO TE aia emnyvuTO Kal ot SaxTvAoL TOV
a 2 , ee a Ae ee ar ”
TOO@Y am-EonTOVTO’ amep TOAAOL Kal voy Enadory.
GAAous b€ ye tows amo-AErTOpEvovs ev TH 68@ Kal Ko-

/ A , , ” \ a aN
Avovtas TO aTparevpa TopevecOar Exava TE, OTS pr}
matowTo tats Tov ToAEuiwy Adyxats.

+. ®
ii. § Noa that we are out of danger, I am no longer severe.
ili. ‘I demand justice at your hands.’

“Kal ef yey ent dyad@ exddacd Tiva, af Toradrny
dodvat Sixyny, olay Kal yoveis didodo.v viols Kal diddoKaAor
maiot. et dé vopiteré pe TadTa mparrew UBpe, év-Ovpr-

4 an 9. oN - , > bal , = id /
Oynte Gre viv Eyw OpacvtTEpos Elst 1) TOTE, Kal Tivw TAElw

285

290

30c

3°5

310

315

320

325

33°

79 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

° 2 ’ cd i > , ee » e £ » 3 s
otvov, GAN’ Ouws Taiw ovdevat 6p@ yap tbuas ovtas év
Wath 6 be \ 2. 4 lcd \ n a
evola, ora Xeuwv 7, tore Ste Kal puKpod Evexev
, a 7
apapTnpatos 6 wey Tpwpeds xadeTraiver Tois ev mpepa,
€ X\ , 2 cas 3.4 , 3 SN an
0 6€ KuBepinjtys Xadevaiver Tois ev mp¥uvn ev yap TO
4 a x Ne , 3 , f
TOLOUT® Kalp@ Kal MiKpa GpapTipata eu-Tomoe peyddas
/ , ef 3 te ec a 7 ,
ovppopas. Oavpatw € drt, ei ev Tet buoy an-nxOdunr,
U , > , > 3 7 bal ° , bas
pepvynobe Tovtov, ei b€ Tia ed enoinca 7 en-rveca 7
> eer 3 iN / , 3 \ mi , /
eriunoa, ovdels peuvytar TovTwy. GAAd pi Kadov yé
| \ / faa na i} lal cr a fal
€oTt Kat Otkatoy peurijcbat Tay ayabev paddAov 7 TeV
kax@v.” €k TovTov pev 61) av-iotavto Kal én-zvouv TOL
Eevopevta’ kai mavra Tepi-eyéreTo Hote Kah@s Exeww.

Embassy of the Paphlagonians. The Greeks entertain the
ambassadors.

Kai of pev “EAAnves, ws évtaida euevor, éAnitovto
tv [lapAayoviav' ot 5& TlapAaydves exaxovpyour tovs
"EAAnvas avtt tovrwv. Koptidas 8& 6 TaddAayorias
apxwv Teme. tpecBets Tapa Tovs “EAAnvas, A€yovrras
6tt KopvaAas €roysos ein idros elvat tots "EAAnow, woTe

, DJ cal , 3 “ € \ ~ b ,
pyte adixety pnte adixeioOat. ot b€ otparnyol am-Expi-
vavto Ott TEpt per TovTwY BovdevcolvTO ody TH oTpaTLa,
ed€xovto b€ aitods as évovs. Ovcavtes 5% Bods kal
v ec cal 3 7 er * > val
GAAa tepeta edeimvovv cal émivov ovv adtois.

The entertainment begins with a Thracian pantomime,

"Emel 5€ omovdal te eyevovto Kal emaidvioav, TpGTov
pev Opaxes av-eotnoav kal @pxncavto mpos avdAdv ovv
tots SmAots, Kal AAovTo Kovpws, Kat eéxpGvTo Tois

c

Haxalpats. téAos b& 6 Erepos Exaice Tov Erepoy, Kal
macw eddxet Tov Gvdpa TeOvnxévar’ 6 be Exeoe TexviKOS

VI, TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 71

Twos, Kat of Hadkayeves AW kal 6 pev AaBav 335
Ta Onda Tod érépov e€-Jer ddwv tov Litadxav addou

s .

d€ rOv Opaxay ef-épepov tov repov ws tEeOvynKdTa

is , S > 4

eveTIovOEL O€ OVdED.

The ‘Carpaian’ dance described.

Meta otto dAdo. av-eoTnoav, Kat @pxovryTo TV
Kapraiav opynaw év tots SrAows* 6 6€ tTpdTOS Tis 34°
> , = ie € \ / ST: /
opxyntems Ode HV. 6 pev Tapa-Oeuevos TA GTAA oTELpEL
kat CevynAare?, moAAdKis oTpepdpevos os poBovpevos
érepos 5€ ws Anotis mpos-epxera. 6 SF idwy Tov

p noThs mpos-€pxerau,

‘ n 4
AnoThy aprater Ta SmAa, Kal payerar bTep TOV Cevyous"

‘ 4 ¢ ~ , A ¥ BJ , 3 /,
kat TeAos 6 Anotijs dyoas Tov Gvdpa an-dyet avTov TE 345

\ XN a ey 3 N Ase , a \
kul TO Cedyos. eéviore 5 Kal 6 CevynAarTyns 1iKa TOV

bers a VA > ‘4 ‘\ tal 3 /, 3 ,
Anornv’ cita djoas dticw TH XEipe At-ehavvet adTov.

A Mysian performance. War dances. The Pyrrbic dance.

Mera todto Muvos els-7AOev Exwv TEATHY ev ExaTépa®
TH xetpl. Kal ToTe pev @pxetro, as dvoily avTi-TaTroperow
avtT@, Tote b€ exphro tals wéATas ¢ Os €; ire O€ 350

D, XpyTo ls WEATALS WS TPOS EVU, TOTE OE 35
edweiro Kal é€-exvBiota €xwv Tas méATas* Kal dyes Kad)
3 - / > > a Q x /
€paivero. TteAos O€ wpxeiro TO Tlepoixoy, Kpotdwv
x , \ ww 3 ‘4 ‘ > fy
Tas méAtas, kat @kAate xal éf-aviorato’ kal érolet

na / 3 < a x \ a , b = >
Tatra TavTa €v pvdu@ mpos Tov avdcov. evtadda eis-
tovtes of Mavtweis xal GAAor ties tTGv ’Apxddwv éf- 355

s ” , 2 ¢€ a \ , \
omAtodpevol, jeody te ev puvOu@, kal enatavicay kat
opxncavto, of 8& TlapAaydves dpdvtes eOatpacov

L * > , = DJ a c X\ \ en
magas Tas Opxnoets elvat ev OmAoLs. O b€ Muaos saad
avtovs Oavuacorvtas eis-aye caxsomTplia, oKevacas
authv ws éd0vaTo KdAAwcta, xal dots ait donida abe

72 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

, ‘ ,’
Kovgyy. 1) S€ wpxijcato thy Tluppixny opxnow €Aadg-
a me a , a \ ’
pas. evtadda Kpdtos av moAvs* Kat rodro TO TEéAos

, aA ‘ ,
TQUT)) TH) VUKTL EyEVETO.

Terms of peace concluded. The Greeks sail to Sincpe.
qn ‘ a ,
Ty) 5€ vorepaig ot otpatnyot Tpos-jyov Tous mperBets
365 eis TO oTpdaTevpa’ aat edokge Tois oTpariwTats pjTE AOLKELY
, , x> cal c 3 , cat ‘ col
[lapAayovas prte aéixetoOat Un’ al’Twy. peTa TOUTO
ol piv mpéoBes @xovto’ of b€ “EAAnves, ézetd?) TAota
ikava €d0Kxet Tap-eivat, ava-Bavtes EnAEov Hucpay Kal
, , = X >) , ,’ ~~ ,
vUKTa TVEvpaTL KAA®. Kal a-txdueror els DwoTyv
re c , > € , , a y , =
370 wpptoavto els “Apyjyyv, Apeva THs SuvesTys. TDww-
mets 0€ mepmovor Feria roils “EAAnow, GAdita kal
oivov.

CHAPTER VIE
SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS.

Cheirisophus returns, Xenophon is offered the sole command.

Kai €v tatty tH “Apyrvy of “EAAnves Euewav ipueépas
mevte’ év 68 TovTm Xewploodos HAO ex Bufavriov éxwr
tpijpyn. ol 8& otpariGra, as eddxovy Hdn ylyverOat
eyyus tijs "EAAddos, ex-eOipouv paddov 4 npdobev dxp-

5 txeaOat oixade, ebokev ody aitois EX€aOat eva dpxorra,
Kal Tpamopevoe emt tov Zevoparta éneOov abrov dé-
XecOar riv dpxyv. 6 S& eBovdreTo wey apxew, voulfov

(SNOVHdOOUVS NOdIS v woud)

VII, SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 73

Tiny éavT@e pel{w ovtws dv yeveoOarr Store 8 ad ev-
Ovpoiro Gtt TO péAAov GdnAcv ott Tavtl avOpwT, Kal
6rt 61a TovTo Kivdvvos ein pr) amo-BddAor Kat THY Tpo-
elpyacpevny Sofav, nmopeiro.

Xenophon interprets the omens, and refuses the command.
‘ a / ~ B)
"Aropovpeve 6& attm edoke KpdtioToy Elva ava-
a cal lal i“ “~ Cal °
Kow@oat Tots Oeois’ Kat eOveTo TO Atl TO PBacrdrel, Ore
3 \ , fal b] , e / \ » A
amo Tovtov Tov Oeod Evopmifev EwpaKevat TO OVvap, O
> cal n Cad ‘\ er
celdev Ste TpOtov npeOn apxwv Ths otpatias. Kal OTE
ra , 3
wppato e& ’Edécov ovp-paxotvpevos Kipm, av-eyup-
”~ / a
vyoKketo aetov POeyyduevov ev tH Sefia, Kab-npyevor
/ See e , , ¥ 4 x ~ > \
de Kal Ott 6 pavtis Tore EAeye peyav pev TOV oiwvov
= 3: / / x X\ wv ” , 3
eval, emimovoy pevtot, Ta yap Opvea Epyn padtota eml-
4 a ° n , % ‘\ , ‘\ > =
TiWecOat TH aeTo Kal-nuevw® TOV 5€ OlwvOY OUK Elr'aL
XPNMATLOTLKOV, TOV yap deTov TeTOpEvoY padtoTa Aap-
, X\ . , lef \ a € \ n
Bavew ta emtydera. ovtw 6H viv 6 Geos dtadavas
EONUNVED AUTO Ovope ) ano-b€xeoOae THY apxyV.
ONLNVEY AVTO OvopEev@ jun AT0-€xeoOae THY apxyv.

Cheirisophus is elected. Voyage to Heraclea.

"Emel 6@ 6 ZevohGv ovk ed€£aro tiv apxiy, ol oTpa-
Te@Tat e€iAovto Xetpicopoyv. 6 6& rap-e\Oav citer
“AAG, @ Gvdpes, TodTO pev tore, bre ovK av eywye
éstactafov, ei GAAov eiAcoOe’ evel FE Eye EiAcoOe, Kal
éyw meipdoowat moveiy tyas 6 Te av dtvwpar ayabov.

\ e o ic4 / ’ ” c
kal tyets ottw tapa-oxevdtecbe eis avpiov, as TmAev-
copevot. 6 O& TAOds Etat eis “Hpdkdrerav* enerdav be

tal lal ’
eAPwpev exeioe, BovrevodueOa Tepl TGv Grdwv.” ev-
Tevdev Tapa-mAevcartes adp-lkovto eis “HpdxAevav* kal
ot “HpaxAeGtar mépmovor févia tots “EAAnow, GAdura

\ * \ an wy \ 9 ec ,
kal olvoy Kat Bods etxoor Kal ols Exardv.

N

5

30

74 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

Ungracious conduct of some of the Greeks. The Heracleans
menace War.

35 Ol b€ orparidrat ovd-Aeyevtes EBovdevovTo TeEpt Tis
Aownijs Topefas, moTepoy Kata yy 7 Kata Oddatrav
mopeutéov ein ex Tod IIdvrov, Avxwv b& "Axatos etme
“Oavpato per, ® Gvdpes, Ste ol orpatnyol ov TELpOvTar
ex-ropitew tiv xpyyata’ tadra yap Ta Evia ov yenn-

40 oeTat oiTia TpLGv jmepOv TH oTpaTLG. uot ovv Soxet

aiteiy tovs ‘HpaxAXeGras pr €AatTov 7 Tpis-xiAlous

KUCiKnVoUs, Kal TeuTew mpeaBers TpOs THY TOAW TeEpt

TovTwv.” évred0ev méutovct. Avxwva Kal Kaddipaxov

kat "Ayaoiav' ovrot eAOovtes Edeyov Ta Sedoypéva.

ot 6€ ‘HpaxAcGrat axovoavtes tadra épacay PBovdcd-

~_
or

cecOat, Kal evOds ovv-ijyov TX xpnuata ex TOV aypev*

\ Ld , I] / ‘ oe 3 F , ae’ lal
Kat at muAat e€xexAewTo Kal oTAa edalveTo em TOV
TELX OD.

Threefold partition of the army. Numbers in each division.

"Ex tovrov of ’Apkddes kal of ’Axatol ovv-toTdpevor
59 €Aeyov, ws alcxpov ein Eva ’AOnvatoy Gpxew TleAomov-

/ \ ye & 4 XX Sate J 7 e la
vnciov kat Aakedapovioy. av 6€ TH GAnOelq UTEp-1LoV
a & , > f a Ver , bd =>
Tod OAov otparevpatos Apxades cal Ayatot. ovTot ovv
éXeyov ws €or EA€oOat EavtGv orparnyovs, Kal Kad’ éav-

\ cal ‘ , a ¥ oy 5, E629 ,
Tous TotetcOat THY Topeiav. Tadra coke’ Kal of “Apxades
55 kat "Axavol, amo-Aimdvtes Xeiplcopov kal Zevopdrta,
auv-eotnoav, kal elAovto otpatnyous éavtGv déxa. ek
TovTov TO otpatevpa ylyverar tpixn, ’ApKades pev Kal

’ . , a , € yo ! ‘
Axatot mAelovs 7) TeTpaKis-xiALol, OnAiTaL TapTes’ Xet-
, \. 8 c a N , \

prod b€ joav onAtrat pev TeTpaxdotot Kat xlAcol,
60 TeATaoTal b& Emraxdowr EZevopavre b& ijoav dmAtrat

VII, SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 75

XN 4 Lb \ ~ , e » ‘\ ,
wey EnTakdclol, TeATATTAl b& TpLakdgLot’ ovTos b€ povos
elxev inmxov, aut tettapakovta innéas.

The Arcadians attack the natives, and are defeated by them.

Kat ot pév ’Apxddes mpGtot mA€ovot, kal amo-Bai-
> , , \ , a 2 ? ,
vovow eis KdAmns Aéva, Kata pecov ths év Acia
Opdkns. évredOev emopevovto eis Tas mpGtas Kopas*
kal émi-recdvtes Tois Opal rH torepaia éAaBov ToAAIpy
Aetav. of 5€ Opaxes of d1a-pvydvtes HOpoiCovto* Kat
PS
mpOtov pev emt-TiOevtat TS Splkpytos Adxw, évds TOV
pOrov pe é 5 Splkpytos déxo, évds
?Apkddov otpatnyGv, Kal amo-xtetvovow avtov TE TOV
Spixpyta kal tovs aAAovs mavras, dAAov bé Adxov,
Aare , = aie ean , , a <
ov Hynoavépos eltyev, Ont povous Kat-eAtTov (@vTas
A SN € ld 3 , b> € XX ” ‘\
kal avros Hynoavdpos €oa0n, Kat of pev GAAoL Aoxayol
avv-nrGov" of 5€ Opaxes cuv-eA€yovTo THs vuKTos TOAAOL.
Nb sey: ig / 3 / /, r \ ‘\ No wv 0 e
Kal Gua népa eratrovto KUKkh@ mept Tov Addov, évOa ot
"EAAnves €otpatomedevovto, kal mpos-€BadAov mpos Tovs
TOv “EAAjvev érAtras, cal eritpwoKov ToAAovs’ TEAos be
of Opakes eipyov avrovs xat amd tod vdaros. emel be
amopta iv, i-eA€yovto Tept omovdav. émel de of "EAAnves
rif € , € © Lol 3: 2515 e S 57;
TOU Opuypovs, of Opaxes ovK edidocay. of pev 87
*Apkddes otTws émpagay.

Xenophon marches to their relief.

Xetpicodos 5é, melh mopevdpevos ba THs xopas Tapa
OdAatrav, ap-ikvetrar eis KdAmns Ameva’ Zevopay se,
AaBov wAvia, amo-Batver emi ta dSpia ths Opaxns Kab

? P 7 PERKY
fal c 7, 3 n ‘ % cea
tis HpaxAedtidos. évTedbev Topevdwevos 61a THs pwEeTo-
yatas év-tvyxdver mpéoBeot Mopevopevois Tot" Kal npora
avtovs, ef mov alaOowto GAAov oTparevpatos ‘EAAnuixod.

7°

80

76 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

x ” €
ot b€ EXeyov Ste of ’ApKades ToALopKotvTo émt Addov, ot
XN lal @ > , 3
d€ Opaxes martes TEpl-KexvKAM@pEVOL ELEY QUTOUS. €D-

a a ra o / wv X
tadda eogev atte PBonlety rots avdpacw emepwe Se
cr a a ” bg
go Tysaclwva abv tols tmmetor oxotety TO EuTpooder, OTwS
4 a /
undev AaOor avrovs. Tap-eTepe SE Kal TOY yupYnToDV
DS 2) ‘ yw 9 la xX 4 ed lad € cal
Tivas eis Ta cKpa, exeAeve bE Kaley Anavta, doa OpOEv
S n lad e , bf ,
Kavousa. of d€ émolovy TadTa’ Bote TATA 1) Xwpa €dOKEL
v \ ‘ / tat 4,
aider9at, kal TO oTpatevpa Elvat TOAV.

No tidings of either army. All meet again at Calpe.
” XN Coles S , / € ,’ , b] ,
95 “Apa b€ 77) y€pa ovv-Tagduevor ws els paxny eTopev-
e 3 , / 4 X \ € e cad
ovto ) edvvavto TdxtaTa. Tiysaciwy 6€ Kal ot immeis
mpo-ehavvovtes ab-(kovto ent rov Addov, évOa ot “EAAn-
ves emoAtopxodvtTo’ Kal ovK dpdow ovre didtoy ovTeE
moA€ulov oTpatevpa. Kal TO pey Tp@Tov eOavpacoy Ti
v ‘ , vw X 3 , if c XX
100 €fn TO yeyevnuevov’ Enetta 6€ EmvvOavovto Gre ob ev
Opaxes an-jecav tis éarépas, of 6 “EAAnves Gua TH

€ / 4 x v ’ \ 4 € ener J \ —
NeEpa’ OTot € olxoWwTO oVvdEls NOEL. Ol OE Gui Sevo-
povta axovoavtes Taita emopevovto, BovAdpevor as
TaxtoTa ovp-ulfat Tois GAAows els KadAmns Atéva. kat
’ er \ , Anes , te iy n
| 105 Topevowevot EWpwy TOV oTiBov TOV “Apxadewv Kal ’Axatov
Kata tv Oddy. emet 5€ ouv-HrOov, aopevol Te eidoy
GAAn\ovs Kal nonddovto wonep adeAovs. Kal tavrnv

~ n a ta
THY Huepav ndvdA{Covto emt tod alyradod mpds TO Atmeve

Description of the harbour of Calpe.

‘O 8 KddAmns Aysqy xeirae ev péow “Hpaxdrelas Kai

t10 Bu¢avriou' ~ate 5& €v tH Oaddtrn Tpo-Kelyevov yxwpior,
TO pev avtod els THY Oaddrtay Ka0-jKov nétpa éoriy
amoppwgé 6 5& adyxiv Tod xwplov, 6 els Thy yiy dv=jxwv,

VII, SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS, 17d

m\ bi ‘
pddtora teTTdpwv TACpwy eatt 7d Edpos* TO SE EvTos
To abyévos ywpiov éotly txavoy juplots avOpeérots

21 x ‘ a € A b Et. “A , »”
oikjoa. Awrny 5 Keirar txd avtH TH TETpa, EXoV
3 \ \ € if , X € / e en Tae |
aiytadov mpos Eotépav. Kpivn 5€ 7O€os vdaTos pet Ent
ait tiv Oddatray bwd tH emtxpate’g tov XwpLov.
, b Aho
fiha 8€ é€ott TOAAG kal KaAd vavTnyiowa ent auth
ti Oaddtrn. To 8& dpos eis peodyaray pey av-jKe
i nl p peody 7
an n »
emt elxoot otadious, Kal todrd éott yeGdes Kal GALOor"
bs X / Ué / Hed Sy y ie.
mapa 6€ Oddatrav Tap-nKer TA€OY 7 ETL Eikoot oTadiovs,
kal dacv arte ToAXAots Kal peydAors VAs. 7 SE GAAH
xépa Kady €or, kal cual elow ev adry modAal Kal
Lo a , € . n / \ ~ %. \ \
0 oikovpevat’ 4 yap yi Peper Kal KpiOds Kal mupods Kal
dompia cal pedivas kal onjoapa kal odxa Kal aumédous
\ Soe I ‘ 2 a € 5S , > uA
kal Ta GAAa Tavra, TAY EAQL@V. 1 MEY XOPA HV TOLAvTN’
€ oo 3 / 3 bo S a \ a /
ot de “EAAnves €oxyvouv év To alytakw mpos TH Badattp.

Resolution passed not to divide the army again. Want
of provisions. Sacrifices unfavourable.

"Evrad0a enewar jyépas dvo' tH 8& rpiry iypépa of
oTpaTi@tar TavTes ovv-7AOov, Kal emomjoartTo Sdypa, et
tis totepoy prnodeln dSixa roveiy TO oTpatevpa, Cnut-
odc0a attov Oavdtw. Kal Xeipicohos pev ion ére-
redevtyKer’ Neéwyv 8& "Aowalos map-édaBe tiv éxelvov
apxyy. peta tadra of otpatnyol eOvovto ent rH mopela
Ta d€ tepa obK eylyveto Kad. x TovToV of oTpaTLGTaL
x9ovTo: Kal yap Ta emitydera Em-AuTEV adTois, Kai
ayopa ovdeuia map-jv. ouv-edOdvtwy b€ a’TGv é Zevo-
pov einer’ “QO dvdpes, ent pev tH mopela, as spare,
Ta lepa ovm@ ylyverat Kadd, 6pG 5 tyas deouévovs
Tay éniTndelwy* SoKet ody por dvdyKn civat BtecOar Trept

120

-_

30

£35

140

~
_
wor

155

160

78 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

, 99 ‘ / 3 , 3 ‘ \ Seas ‘ > bp By
rourov. Kat mad eOveto els Tpis, Kal TA tepa oUK eyly-
— lal a ~
vero xadd, 6 S& Zevohdy ovx &pn ef-ayayeiv av tovs

, 3 ‘ , aS c cS ‘\ \ /
oTpatiw7as, €l pn ylyvotTo Ta lepa Kaha. Kal Tahu
tH totepala €Ovovto, Kal oxedov Taca 1) oTpaTLa EKUK-
a > Mg /
Aotro mepl Ta tepas Kat mpdBara pév ovxere qv, Tpta-
perou 5€ Bods e€OvovTo’ GAN ovde OiTW Ta Lepa ey<vETO

Kad.

Unsuccessful expedition of Neon to procure provisions,

Néwv 58, dp@v tots avOp@movs SewGs Exovtas TH
évoeia, eSovdeto yxapiferOat adrots* Kat etpdy twa
ivOpwrov ‘[IpaxrXeatnv, ds pn Kopas eivar eyyds, dev
AaBolev Ta EmiTHdELa, exnpvfe TdvTas Tovs BovdAopEvous
a7 \ “‘ 3 , x 3 / G
i€var emt ta eémitndera. Kai e€-€pyovrar ws dis-xfArot
v 3 ‘ x s 3 a td \ i
avOpwrot. eéenet 5€ Yoav €v tats Kk@pats Kal dt-eo7el-
povto émt ro AapBavew, of PapvaBddov inmeis ém-
mimrovow avtois, kat amo-xrelvovoly ov petoy 7) TEVTA-.

/ ¢ ‘\ ‘ 3 / > Lae) \ v 3 ,
kogious’ ot S€ Aotzol av-épuyov emt TO Opos. Ex TOvTOV
an-ayyéhret tis Tadra TO Eevoparter 6 5€ Body apa-

' > , \ \ Diese Tel. F ¥ p
ylacdpevos €Bon0e, Kat ovv avt@ emirextor avdpes
oi d€ dva-haBdvres Tos TEhevydtas ad-iKvodrTa els
TO otpatémedov. kal dn pev dul Hrtov Svopas jv"

, a n . a
kal e€anlyns tév Bibvvdy tives émt-tWOeuevor Tots Tpo-
piraft tos pev xat-exreway, Tods b€ ediwfay péxpt
Tod otpatomédov. Kat of “EAAnves €dpapov eis Ta SrAa"
4

kat dudkew pev Tovs ToAEuLovs vUKTds OvK aodadés eddKEL
= X\ a

evar év b€ Trois Stdois dt-1jyayov tiv vixta, pvdatTo-

165 wevot ixavots pvadags.

VII, SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS, 79

The Grecks fortify their position. An excursion determined upon.
Neon is left to guard the camp.

"Aua S€ TH Hepa of oTparnyot HyodvTo els TO Epupvor
pa d€ TH fjpépa of otparnyot iyovro els 1d épup
/ e x ee 3 , ~ v4 \ ‘
xwplov' ot b€ eimovto dva-AaBdvtes 7a Srda Kal Ta
oxedn. Tply b€ adplorov dpav eivar, an-eradpevoay
Tv €lcodov eis TO ywplov, Kal an-eoTavpwcay arap,
, lal s ‘ na La b] €
Kata-AiTOovTes Tpets TUAaS. Kal TAOLoy HnKev E€ Hpa-
kdelas dyov GAdita kal tepeta kal otvoy. b1a-Bavres
d€ THY Tappoy €evTo Ta OmAa, Kal exypvéay Tovs
/ e f NY a ° \ x ww. %
aTpatiotas €€-Levat avy Tots OmAoLs, TOY b€ OyAOY kal
Ta dvopaToda Kkata-pévety adtod. of pev by GAdoL

/ \ ° , X :
mavies e€-yecav, Néwy b€ od« e@€-reu eddKer yap Kad- 1

Atorov eivat xata-Aimeiv todroy diAaxa Tay ey TH

7 \ e ‘\ A e "3 ” >]
oTparoTédw, Kal ovToL pev Euerov, ob d€ UAAoL erO-
pevorTo.

The Greeks hesitate about crossing a ravine. Xenophon exhorts
them to proceed.

TlopevOévres S€ adn ew TGv KopGyv ea Bavoy ta
5 / ‘ <9 , eon \ , e
emitndera’ Kal efamivys dpdot tos ToAeulovs trep-
/ x , ‘ 3 n ’ / e /
BaddAovtas Kata Aodovs Tivas EK TOU EvaVTioV, LTTEaS
Te ToAAOUs Kal weCovs. emel SE OL ToAEuLOL KaT-Eidor
tos “EAAnvas, éotnoav' ot b€ “EdAnves Tpo-reoar.
3 >. NX € Lg / A , Ce / / A
evel 5€ of Hyovpevor eyévovto emt vamet peyadd@ Kal
dvoTépo, eatnoav, ayvoodvres ei 70 vaTos b1a-Baréor
ein. Kal Tap-eyyvGor tos atpatnyods kal Aoxayods
\ , Vn 2 7 n ,
map-tevat els TO mpdacOev, Kal 6 Zevopdv, Oavydoas
? ¥ XN , p) , e ’ ea \.- e
& te toxou THY Topelay, eAavver @s TaxLloTa, émel dé of
oTpatnyot aup-7Adov, dee torades “Nov tore, &

_

180

_

dvdpes, Ste dyayel pev ovx eotw evOévde am-edOeiv? 190

195

200

205

210

215

80 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

y ges LS XN € na 4 S-2%\ x / Lod eo
eay yap py) jets topev ent Tos ToAELLonS, OUTOL EorTa
Kal €ml-TEcoovTat Hiv. Kal TO ev am-Lévat an TOAE-
ploy ovdayads Kaddv eat, TO b€ e-eweTOar epu-ToLel
Odppos kat tots xaxioot. Oavpadw b€ ef tis vopiter
ToUro TO vamos pardov oBepoy eivat tov dAov
F. es 4 x] \ XN BS iS ‘ fel
xwplwv, Ov sia-remopevucOa. evel b€ TA lepa viv
, Leta o4 Lee ‘ x > tal
Kaha éotiv piv, twoyev ent tovs dvdpas. ov Set ere
v4 » \ a € an € / a > XN
TovTous, émel eldov nas, no€ws SeTmVijTaL, OVdE CKy-

a e ”
vijtat OTov av OéAwot.

Preparations for the attack, The watchword,
Victorious charge.

Taira einwy nyetro, map-ayycidas b1a-Balvew 76
vamos 7} €xaotos eérvyxavey Gv. eel S€ mavTes d-
/ , y Tee , ‘ F LS
eBnoav, TeTAaypevot ETL adayyos Kal TolnTapEVvoL TOUS
meATactas Exatépwbev, emopevovto emt Tovs Todemlous.

/ XN im \ , wv 3 lel fal
map-nyyedAeto b€ Ta pev Sdpara exe ent tod defsod
@pov, ws onpatvor Th oddmyyt Emetta b€ Kad-cévras
abta els mpoBodjv ExecOar Badyv, kal pr) Sidkew Spdpo.
ek Tovrov avvOnua Tap-jee ZEYS TQTHP, ‘HPAKAHS
“HTEMQN. of &€ modgutoe ta-€uevov tovs “EAAnvas
mpos-tovtas, émet d€ emAnolagov, of meAtacral dda-
Adfavres €Oeov ent rods modreulovss of S€ Tod€mtor
appnoav avriot, Kal érpémovro tovs meATacTds. GAA
énel ) pdday& tr dmAurGv ba-nvriate raxb Twopevopern,
kal dua 7 odAmy£ épbey£aro, cat of "EAAnves émaravicor,

s / x , 3 n , > ,
kai dua xad-leoav ra ddpara, evtaida of mod€ptoe odKere
eb€favto avrovs, GAAa Edevyov. Kat Typaclwy €éxovr

‘ € / b] y S , lal /
tovs innéas éd-elnero. kal am-éxtewav Tov ToAEuLwD
ScovoTrep edvvavTo.

(snovHaoduvVS NOdIS Vv Wows)

ATLLVA NI SNVISHAd

VII. SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS, 81

Complete rout of the enemy. The Greeks raise a trophy.

as: XX e \ ‘ eS 349% /
Taév 6& todcuiwy TO ey Evavupov eEvOus bt-eoTapn,
to b€ de€iov ouv-éotn emi AGov. emer 6E of “EAAnreES
> e AN € 4 Bb} z en a > Bed 4
eloov auTovs Um0-pévovTas, eddKEL paoToy etvat levat 767
ex avrovs. matavlcartes ovv evOds ém-eKewWTO adTois*
e ‘ ? e , Lee = € ba LA
ot b& ovx Um-€uewwav. Kal €vtavda ot TeATAacTal ediwKoV
‘ r X /
Kal Ou-€oTeipay TO dekvoyv atvTav* dAiyor b€ an-eBavov"
ol yap inmeis tGv ToAEuiwy, ToAXOl OvTEs, PdBov Tap-
o a
eixov. énel b& of "EAAnves cidov 76 Te PapvaBacov
€ \ wy ‘ ‘ \ ‘\ e , 4
immukoy €TL ouv-EeaTHnkos, Kat Tovs Bidvvods inmméas 75y
, > Geen , 4 3 ld - an 7
cuv-abporcopevous émt Addouv Tivds, ed0KEt avTots leva
kal él tovrous, @s pa TeOappyKdTes ava-TavoawTo.
ovy-Takdpevor 61) Topevovta. evTev0ev ot moX€mtoe in-
lal / ‘ “ , eo , € bY
meis evyovot kata Tov Addov, GaTEp SiwKdpevor W770
e F. a , Ss e , > \ A tet f
inméwv"’ vaTos yap vm-edéxeTo adtovs, 6 of “EAAnves
> wv € x 3 , \ , ,
ovK Oecav. ot b€ €n-av-eAPovTEs Kal OTHTApPEVOL TpPd-
rie aS ey 5 ICRA, ,
Talov an-jecav ent Oarattay epi 1Alov dvopas,

Cleander arrives from Byzantium. Dispute about the spoil.

Oi 6€"EdAnves evradda Euevov Kdéavdpov tov év Bu-
Cavti Gppooriy, kai Tas tpijpets Kal Ta TAOIa. Kal éws
pev TO oTpdrevpa Kara-pévo. ava-navdpevov, e&-iv Tots
atparidtats iévar emt delay, cal of ée&-idvres EAdpBavov
aitiy’ éndre b@ Tay TO oTpdtevpa e&-io1, ef Tis xwpls a=
eOov AdBor Ti, Gokev eivat Snudovov., kal ev tovTw 6
KX€avipos ad-ixveirat €xwv S00 Tpinpets, TAOLO SF ovdéev.
TO 6€ oTpdrevpa ervyxavev Ew dv, bre ad-ikero" Kal
GAAot TwWes @XOVTO xwpls emi Alay, ob ciAjgeoay TOA
mpdBara’ oBotpevor 5% pi) orepynPeiev Trovrwv, Aéyovat

G

230

235

240

82 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

, la cr beets |
AcEizz@ 76 Adxwrt td Tpaypa, cal KeXevovow adbtov

nm
oe
m

6 Ri a 9 . ‘ a o
: 6ta-c@oat avTois Ta TPOBaTa, Kal Ta MEY EavT@ AaBelr,

Ta O€ aHiow azo-Sotrat,

Sertous disturbance in the army. Cleander threatens
extreme measures.
Evdis 6@ 6 Aێimmos an-eNauver Tovs TEpl-EeoTaTas,
\ / Cd a ¥ , A ‘ / n
kat A€yovtas Ott tatva ein Snpocia’ Kat A€yer TH
ha a > cal ,
KXeapyw, dott of otparti@rat eé7t-xepovow apace.
z € ‘ , v Ny ¢ nN ‘ e , SEN
2306 O€ KeAever Gye Tpos E€avToy TOY apma{ovTa. Kat
x , 3
6 pev Aekimros AaBov ye twat ‘Ayacias b€ ad-
aipetrat adtor, ol 6€ GAOL orpaTi@Tat E7t-KELpodaL
BaddAewv tov Aeimmov' moAdot S& Kal tT&v Tpinpttov
deloartes Evyov eis Thy Oadarrav> adtos b& 6 KaAé-
255 avdpos épevye, Kal amo-7AevoecOar Edy, Kal xnpvew
pnoeplay ToAW b€xecOat aitovs, @s Ovtas ToAEplovs.
(ot 6€ Aaxedatdriot tére apxov TavTwy tev “EAXijvwr).
» cel € oe | / 3 n ‘ cal “~
evrav0a ot EAAnves €d€0rvTO avTOU jn) ToLety Tara.
6 8€ ovx Edn yever0ar av GdrAws, et pi) ex-dotevy TOV
260 dpdwevoy Barre tov Ae€fimmov cat tov ad-eAouevov
Tov avdpa,

Agasias offers to surrender himself.

Kai évtedéev of Gpyortes ovv-jyayov TO oTpaTevpa’
kai ’Ayacias ava-otas cinev' “‘Yyueis perv, @ avdpes,
pay ex-dG7E ue’ €y@ bE Tapa-cxyjow euavtdv KAcavdpa,

ad eo a , ”? x a > ,

265 moujoat & te Gv BovAntat.” pera tadra énopEevovto
mpos KXéavipov 'Ayacias xal of otpatnyol Kai 6 avnp
6 ap-aipebeis bad *Ayaciov. Kal 6 ’Ayacias einer
“Eye elut, @ KAéavdpe, 6 ad-eAcpuevos Tod Ackiamov

a ‘ ¥ “A > x ¥
Todrov Tov Grdpa. tottovy pév yap olda dvdpa opta

VII, SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 83

ayaborv, A€immov 5 oda Serddv te dvtTa Kal Tovnpdr. 270
an r —

aipedeis yap two Ths oTpaTias GpyEly TEVTNKOVTOpOD, 1S

* / ‘ , 7

7TnodpeOa Tapa TpareCourtiwy, 6 Aeéimnos an-édpa,

Kal T7po-€dwke TOYS OTpaTLWTAas. TOUVTOV OY, TOLOUTOU

¥ > , . ” > \ ws r SON

ovtos, ad-elAopnv Tov avopa, ei b€ OU aT-tyes autor,

Ay n X an 5] r 5 , Or ,

7) GAAS Tis TOY Tapa aod, ovK av enmoinoa ovdev TOv- 275
3% WS a ° , 3 8 b) al wv

Twv. €ay 6€ viv amo-KTelyyns ewe, amo-KTevets Gvdpa

ayadov 6. avdpa berov Te Kal movnpov.”

The cause pleaded. Cleander reserves his decision.
’ - . 5
Axovoas zavta 6 KdXéavédpos cinvev’ “ Eyw pev ovx
fal / n
éz-awe Acéimnov, ef menoinxe Tadta’ ov pevTor xpi)
> ‘\ , / 3 x Yd an e ”
auTov Tacyxeww Biav, adda xplvecOat. viv ovv am-tTE 280
, , A wv lcd XN > x Us
kaTa-\imovtes TOvdE TOV avdpa’ Orav b€ eyw KEAEVoW,
Tap-eore Tpos THY Kpiow. aiTi@uwar 6€ ovTE THY oTpa-
‘ ” v ? , 3 ‘ ial e lal vA b]
Tlav ouTe UAAOV ovdEeLva, ETEL OVTOS OporoyEt auTOS ad-
» ° ’
eheoOar Tov Gvopa.” 6 b& ad-atpeOcis ceiver’ “’Eya,
® KdA€avodpe, ovre ematoy otdéva ovte €Baddov, GAN
a ig Ss , wy , ks x , cal
eimoy OTL Ta TpOBaTa e€in Snuocta’ yv yap doypa TOY

iS)

85

n sf 997 A e , € ‘
oTpaTl@r@r, €av Tis dia Ani(ynrat, OmdTav H oTpaTia
3 , € / wv 7 n = i 3 4
e€-in, 7) Aela Eatat Synpocia, tadta eimor €x Tov-

t
- UZ by & a ‘\ \ i n ,
Tov ovtos AaBwv pe ryev, va AaBwy TO EavTOU pepos
> , ” a ‘ A x \ , 39
dia-cwoele TOis AnoTais Ta xpryata Tapa TO doypa. 290
XN “A c , = a “? \ P ,
mpos Tavra 0 KXeavdpos etzev Exet tolvuy meToinxas

al , eo \ \ a , ”
Tavra, KaTa-peve, iva Kal Tept cov BovrAevowpeOa.

Successful intervention of Xenophon.
Mera taira 6 Eevopav eAOav pos tov Kdé€avdpov
Aéyer “"Exes per, @ KAéavdpe, tovs dvdpas, kali é€-
s cad \ 4 id 7, z an XX c
esti gow Toijoa Tepl TovTwy 6 Te BovAE’ viv BE of 295
G2

84 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

lal 3 a , a S: % ¥
atpatitat airodrtal oe Sotvat opior. to Gvdpe, kal
pl) ATO-KTElvELY, Kal Ua-LaXVOUPTAL GOL aVTL TOUTWY, EaV
Ys i lal ’ 6 > ‘ A € , ’
BovAn HyetcOat adbray, énu-deierw cor Kal ws Kdoptol
‘
> ‘ € , / aa ah BS ” 3 ,
elat Kat ws Oedovot TEWecOat TH GpxovTt.” axovaas
n r iN = > \ . a
300 Tabta 6 KaAéavdpos etmep? “’AAAG Kal amo-biSwut TH
CA > ’ \ , € an 4 7 aN e \
Gvope Kal autos Tap-€couat viv Kal, €av ot Oeol
a ‘ ¢ 3)
BovrAwrrat, yyjcopat tty eis tThv “EAXaéa.

Cleander departs. The army reach Chrysopelis.
"Ex tovrov 6 Kdé€avopos eOvero ent th wopela, Kai
, 3 / — an b} \ s OF ‘\
(pidos eyereto EevopavTt. emet 5€ Ewpa Tovs otpa-
, ’ / ¥ \ c 3 , /

305 TWTaS EUTUKTOUS OVTAS, Kal paAAov eT-cOUper yeverOat
iyeuav ait@y, €wet pevTot Ovopevm ait@ Ta lepa ov«
wa N , \ ‘ ®
éyiyreto =KaAa, ovy-Kad€oas Tovs atpatynyovs elmer"
(aq oe nl \ S ‘ € \ 3 id ef bd / i Sa ea

Epol peév ta tepa ov ytyverat, Bote e€-dyew tpas
tpeis b€ py GOvuetre tovTov Evexa, GAAQ Topeveade.
e lal S 4 aia 2 fo / « a ,

310 mets Ge Ceopeda vas ey BuCavtiw, ws av dvvepeda
KadAdtota,” 6 8 otv Kd€avdpos an-émAe of 8% otpa-
Ti@tar €€-exopevovto ba TOv Bidvrev' Kat ad-ixovro eis
Xpuvodmodw tis Kadxnoovias, cal éxet euewav ipepas

'
€7Ta.

CHAP EER ~Vili-
CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT,

The Greeks cross to Byzantium, and are disappointed by
Anaxibius. Xenophon confers with Cleander.

"Ex tovrov PapvaBatos, poBovperos pa) ot “EAAnves
atparevowwTo emi thy EavTod apxiy, edeiro "AvakiBiov

VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. % 85

a , J a + A b ,

tod Aaxedatpoviov vavapxov, Os éTvxev Hv ev Buavtia,
, - 3 ,
dia-BiBacar TO oTpatevpa ex ths Acias. Kal 6 Avaki-
Bios pet-emepuspato Tovs otpatnyods Kal Aoyxayods, Kal
€ cal > o > ~ > / \
bm-toxveito avrois, ef dia-Butev eis Buavriov, picdov
éecOat Tots otpari@tais. €« b€ TovTOV TavTES Ob oTpa-
TiOTat d1a-Balvovow eis Bu¢avriov. at 6 ’AvaéiBios
2 997 2 na \ y Nd *. ‘ i
ovk €didov avtois pucOov, exeAevoe BE TOUS OTpPaTLWTasS
3 / o na , c > / >’ ‘ vw
e€€-tevar ek THs TOAEWS, OS ATO-TEeupwv adtovs olKade.
evtavda of atpati@tat %xOovTo, Ste ovK elxov apyvptov
, ‘4 ’ ‘\ "A . € NS = lal \
emi-oiriCecOar els Tip Topetav’ 6 O€ Zevopdv mpos-eAdav
Kredvipe TO dppoorh eimev adt@ Ore pédAow aro-TAev-
Fig Ol ceN , , Je Ce RAIN ,

veoOat non’ 0 b€ KA€avdpos Acyee avtwo “My Toijons

nN 3 \ ba \ c , a
tabta’ GAAa €&-ehOe pey ws ovp-TopEevTdpevos Tots
aTpatiotais’ emeloay b€ TO oTpaTevpa yevnrat e&w, TOTE
am-adAdtrov.” evtadda 6 Zevopdv kat 6 KAgavépos
b] ’ re a n
ehOdvtes mpos ’AvakiBrov é€Aeyov a’t@ Tatra. 6 6e
3 , \ ~— n oe n 4 b] / ec
exeAeve TOY EevopOvta otrw Toeiv, Kal e&-1évar ws
TaxtoTa oly TH oTpaTeEvpart

Discontent of the army. Tumult at the gates.
’ a g \ \ co, 5 , a
Evreddev of te otparnyol Kat ot GAAot e&-necav Ths
moAews. Kal Tavres, TAHY dArlywrv, Eo ioav' 6 8e

, , (é \ \ . ‘\
AvagiBios ovy-Kadécas tovs otpatnyots Kat tovs Aoxa-
yous €Xeye’ “Ta pev enuridera AapBavere ex TOV
Opaxiwv kopdv' dAaBdvres b& Topeveode eis Xeppovy-
3 lal sy , , , eto.) , 3) > , A
cov, éxet d€ Kuviokos dacet tyiv pucbov.’ axovoartes dé
TWes TOV oTpaTiwTGv bi-ayyéAAovor TadTa TO oTpaTEd=
patt. Kal ol otpari@rat dv-apmacartes Ta OTAa Oé€ovor
dpdu@ mpos Tas mUAas, ws TAAL Els-idyTEs eis THY OAL.
’ ‘ X , \ 4 ‘\ > “ ¢
Ereovixos 6€ Aakedatovios Kal ol ody avT@ avy-Kh«i-
ovot Tas mUAas* of 5 oTpaTi@rat A€yovow avrol Kara-

on

—

1°]

5

z0

ww
own

40

50

55

86 ¢ SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

XX a ° ,
oxioew Tas TVAas, Ei pn Ot TOAtTaL ExOVTES av-oifovow.

XN \ / ‘
wAAot 6& EOeov em OddaTray, Kai wmep-Batvovot Tapa
Ti xnAjpy tod telxous els THY méAW. _ GAAoL b€ TOV
aTpaTimt@v, ol éTvyxavoy Evdoy ovres, d1a-KdTTOVTES TA

a a G Ss / c »

KAciOpa tais agivats dva-meravrvover tas TUAas, ot b€
” v b , Ed N ,
éfw ortes els-mintovow els THY mOAW.

General panic. Anaxibius sends for reinforcements.
‘ _— nw » “ , a ’ ‘ QA
‘O 6€ EZevohGr, os cide Ta ylyvopeva, beivas pH TO
aTpatevpa TpaTotto ep aprayiy, cuv-es-7intTE. ow TO
dxyhw clam TOV TAGY. ot B& BuCavTioe Hevyovow €k
nw x Lal 4 xX 3 XX nm < ‘ 4 Py 4 XN
Ths ayopas, ot pev els Ta TAota, ot SE oiKade’ door dE
eérvyxavov ovtes €v Tots olkors EOeov ew. ob S& Kad-eiAKov
x nan 4 X
Tas Tpujpets, ws ga cowTo év Tais Tpijpecu’ TavTes SE
WoVvTO THY TOAW HAwKevat, 6 5€’EredviKos amo-pevyes
els THY akpav. 6 b€ Ava€iB.os Kata-dpayov emt Oadat-
/ > x > , \ As ,
Tay Tepi-eTmAEL ES THY AkpoTOALWW, Kal evdUS pETA-TEM~
x » , - € X 3 Lee Des 4
meTat poupovs ex Kadxnédovos* ot yap €v TH axpoToAet
> 2. ‘ nm ee
ovK €ddKouv adroit elvat ixavol éx-Badety Tovs “EAAnvas.
Xenophon’s device to restore order.
\ fal ~ — fal
Oi b€ otparirat, ws eldoy Zevopavta, mpos-€pxovrat
> Led \ ij Fs “cc = ” Ss _— n
avtTm Kat AEyover Nov gow €f-eoTw, Eevoper,
avipt dyabe yevérOa. € JAW, € ? 3
pi ayado y . €XELS TOAW, EXELS TPLNpELs, EXELS-
, ” ” , na
xpypata, €xets Avdpas rocovtous. viv, ef BovAoto, ov
, ae a
Te Gv drijcats tas, Kal jets av Toujoamer o& péyav.”
‘ ‘
6 b€ an-expivaroy “’ANAG ed TE A€yere, Kal ToNjow
tatra: el dé émt-Oupeire TovTwr, Oéobe Ta SaAQa ev Take
e U ” a \ * ,
ws Taxtota. Ttadra 6é ete, BovAduevos Kar-npeuloa
a , e ‘ ’ ‘\ SS n
avtovs* Kat éxéAevue Tovs Aoxayovs Tap-ayyéAAew Tadta

VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT, 87

na ,
Tos oTpaTitals. of be evOds eratrovTo’ émel b& Ta STAG
” € — nr a SN ‘ \ ,
EKELTO, O SEVOPOV ovy-KadEel THY OTpaTiay Kat Acyet
Tabe’ 60

His advice to the army. ‘Let us not ruin our cause
Ly our own rashness.’

"Ort pev dpylCecde, @ avopes oTpaTiGrat, ov Oavpacw.
eav 6€ yapiCopueda TO Ovuo, Kal TL Toueba Tous
av b€ XapiCdpeda TO Ovpg, peopnraLe
Aaxedaipovious, kal bt-aptdcwopev tavTny THY TOALY,
> a” x 2 an / » > ,
év-OupeicOe & Earar evTevOev. ToA€uton pev eodpcba
tois te Aaxedaupoviois kal tots atTGv ovppayots’ Tots 65
dé Aakedapoviors of Axaiol ba-dpxovort odvppaxot, ’AOr}-
vawot O& Tpos-yeyevnvrat exelvous’ ovToL bé mdvTES EaoV-
Tat ToA€pton Huiv. Turoadépyns 8& Kal dAdo BapBapor
moAAol ToA€utor 75n eloly Huiv, adtos 5& 6 Bactreds
moAeulwtaTds éoTt TavTwV, ed’ Ov eotparevoapyev a- 7°
aipyaopevoe THY apxijv, Kal Gmo-Ktevodvtes alTov, el
duvaiveda. pr, mpos OeGv, otro patvoueba, pode
ailoxpGs an-oddueba, ToA€utor Gvtes wal tals maTpiot
kal Tois Huetepors idows te Kal olkelos. mdvTes yap
ot pido. elotvy ev tais méAeow, at otparevcovtar ef’ 75
i AS \ 4 fel £ S. 3 /
nas’ kat dSixaiws toiro moujcovow, ef e€-artanabouev
modu “EdAnviba, e’s hv mporny rAOopev. pol tolvuy
doxed elmety “AvagiBiw, Ste map-eAnAvOapev eis THv
, , ION , . X ,

TOAW TowmoovTes ovdev PBiatoy, GAAG TELpOpEvoL TUy=-

, nr - ‘é 3XN XN ‘\ , ,
xavew TOV Otxaiwy eav be py TUXMpEV, SyA@TOpED 8O
UTG OTe ovK e€-aTar@pevot, AAAG TELO9 eE-epxd
avT@ Ott ovK e€-aTaT@pevot, e:Odpevot, e€-epxo~
ucOa THs TOAEwS.”

~
or

go

95

100

105

88 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.,

Order restored. Xenophon takes leave of the army.
Many soldiers desert.
Lal v ‘i / ’ / otra | /
Tatra édoge, kal méunovow ayyédous To *AvatiBio
\ , a XN ’ / v4 3 T
Tept TOUTWY. O O€ An-EKplvaTO, OTL OV pETAa-pEAT COL
b a / Pd De: s b ey , \
avtots TelOopevots, GAA OTL Kal avTos PovdAEvaoLTO TEpL
a’tav 6 tu dvvaito ayabov. ek TovTov of oTpariGrat
na a , lal \
an-nrOov &m Tov telyous. Zevopav be, peta-TEeya-
pevos KA€ardpov, éxéAevev adtov dia-mpdagacbat, Jnws
>’ \ , ’ £ > ~ , \ DS ,
autos maAw els-eAOot eis THY TOALY Kal aTo-TAEUCELEL
ex Bu avriov. edAPov 6€ 6 KAé€avdpos eime’ “ Mada
ports dva-mpagapevos Ko. dA€yer yap ’AvakiBros, re
OUK eTITINOELOY EaTL TOUS PeY OTpaTLOTas TANaloY ElvaL
n Vg _ n X ” Lal ld e ida \
TOU TElxous, ZEerod@rta O€ Evdoov Tis TOAEWS* Opws Oe
keAever oe els-tevat, ef pédAders ex-mAciy aby aiTo.” 6
bev On Sevopov an-ryet claw tod Teixovs civ KAedvopy.
Newr 6€ kal GAAot oTpurnyol ém-Euevoy ent TH oTpaTiq’
\ € \ , 5) , \ a a
Kal ol oTpatnyol dt-edepovto adAnAoLs TeEpt Tijs AOLTIs
4 n X , / \ n
Topetas. Tov 6€ ypovov dta-TpLBouevov, ToAAOL TOV
a ee , \ ira ’ / c 3 ,
OTPATLMT@V aTro-b1d0pEvoL TA OTAA aT-ETAEOY ws EdU=
vavto, ot 6€ di-eamelpovto Kata Tas TAGs. "AvakiBios
S La P) , a , a , ”
d€ EXaLpEv AkOvwY Tadra’ TovTWY yap yLyVOLEVwY weETO
U ,
partora xapicecbat PapraBacy.

Arrival of Aristarchus. Xenophon rejoins the army.

"AvakiBio b& dmo-nA€ovte ex BuCavriov ovv-avra
"Aplorapxos, Sdiadoxos KAedvdpw Bu¢avriov appooris.
Wee / / nee J f b ,
kat ‘AvagiBios émi-oreAder TO Aptotapyw amo-dd00a
lol / fal € , *» iva ° / a
tév Kvpov otpatimtay éndcovs av etpy ev Bu cavrip
6 6€, émel AOev eis Buavtiov, an-doTo ovK éAdtrovs

VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 89

jd 3 4 > , , J
TeTpakosiww ek tovtrov ’AvagiBios, mapa-mAevoas «is
, , od a n as Q ,
Ilapiov, keAever Revopovra mAcdoa ent TO oTpatevpa
ws TdxtoTa, Kal ovv-abpoicew Tovs bt-ermappevovs Tov
oTpatiwt@v, Kat d1a-BiBaew adrovs ex tHs TepivOov
’ ‘\ b , \ £ BS — a , >
els THY Aciay. Kal 0 pevy Zevodpov sia-7Aevoas eis
IlépwvOov ap-txvetrar emt TO oTparevpa’ of b€ orpatid-
So / > ‘\ ¢€ lA ' > XA a -: a
tat ed€£avto aitoy dems, Kal evOds elmovto aiTd
” € , > a , > ‘
acpevot, ws dta-Bytovevor eK THS Opakyns els THY
"Aotav,

Aristarchus forbids the Greeks to cross into Asia.
Xenophon goes to Seuthes.
a ° A
"Evradéa Levys 6 Opag, méeupas Mydooddnv mpos
rov Eevopevra, edeito avtod ayew tiv otpatiay mpos
€ , \ ig vA x b v » —
€QUTOV" KQl UT-LTXVOUMEVOS TOAAG OUK ETELTE TOV ZEVO=
fal . OX\ , > , € . , €
pavra, ev d€ TovTw Apiatapxos 6 év BuCavtiw ap-
wootis, eA\Owy emt TO oTparevpa, elmEe Tots oTpaTLOTAaLS
pi) Tepatodabar eis tip ’Aciav. 6 5& Zevopav ereyer,
0 / i” a YJ
étt “AvakiBios éxéAevoev avtods bia-TAcdoat. 6 4
"Apistapxos éXeyev’ “’AvakiBios pév ovKéte vavapxés
7 ° 3 * 3 a , 3 « / ’ / i 4 cal
€oTt, €yo O€ evTavda eit Appoorys* ef O€ TWA VUoV
a ” a
AjnWoua. é€v TH Oadrattyn, xata-dtcw aitdv.” Tadra
b sa ” > XN , ¢€ 2 od a ,
eim@Vv @xXETO Els THY TOALY. O ovv Zevopav Ovoapevos
Tois Ocots, éemel Ta lepa eyevero Kada, tap-eAaBe IloAv-
, \ ? a x ow Sy. att
kparny tov A@nvaiov Aoxayov Kat aAdovus, Kal WxXETO
cal \ 2 \ v4 sf 2 \ rs
TS vuKTos ent TO TevOov orparevpa. emet b€ aoa
e€yyts avtod, mpo-néumer Epunvéa, kal Kedever eimeiv
=e [4 — ~ t , ,
Levdn St. Zevopav awap-eott Bovdduevos ovy-yeverOar
auT@.
14

I

al

10

2a

3°

140

155

go SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

Conference with Seuthes.

‘O 6€ TevOns axovoas éxéAevoe Zevopvra eis-edOetv,

5 €xovtra bo dvdpas, ods BovAotro. émet S€ eis-HABov,

TpOTov Zevopav en-npeto VevOnv 6 tt BovdAotto xphnoOat
TH oTpariad. 6 dé etnev Bde" “ Matoddns pev 6 euos
TaTnp npXe OvvOr te kat GAdwv Tov yeiTOVOY. oTacLa-
Covrwy b€ Tv “OdpvaGr, ex-TinTEL THS apxts’ ex-TETwV
ZA BJ “ , F 5 SSS X a U ? \ \
d€ ano-OrijoKe vdtw" eyw be €€-erpadny dppards Tapa
Mnddckw To viv "OdpvoGv Basirel. emet 5& eyevdpnv
‘ ‘
, > > , ~ > ee b] , /
veavioxos, ovK éduvayny qv an’ aAdortpias tpamécys*
kat ixérevov avtov dodvai por omdcovs Svvatto avépas,

O7ws Kal Tirwpoluny Tovs €x-Baddvras Huas Tis apxns,

s \ x , BY , > x B) , ! ed
Kal pur) Conv amo-BA€nawy els Thy €xeivou Tpane(ar, HoTEp

, 3 , te Y x ” \ ‘\ ¢
KUwWY’ €K TOUTOV Oldwat pot TOYS Gvdpas Kal Tous intous,
A ¢ ~ Ad \ a aN lat , ” os es
os tyeis oeobe. Kat viv éyo ( Tovrous Exwv, Ani(o-
b] a 2 °
pevos THY €“avTod TatTpway xopav. el 5& tueis Tapa-
, iA y € ro a b] a X ,
yEevowsOE pot, Olowat padiws av ato-AaBety THY TaTpwav
’ , out SEEN , (ene S|
apxnv. Taira éoTw & €yw deouat tuav.

Seuthes states bis terms, and makes liberal promises.

7s ” eed aA
“Ti ovr,” éfn 6 Zevopar, “ad av ddvato, ef EAPoper,
dud0var TH TE aTpaTLa Kal Tots Aoxayots Kal Tois oTparn-
cal o72 € , e ig ’ o \ ‘ ‘ 3 ,
yots;” 6 8 wtr-érxero avtois piaOdv, Kal yny dmdonv
, \ , \ 4 i /
BovAowro, Kal Cevyn Kat xwptoy ént Oadarrn Teretxto-
/ > % + rad
pevov. Ear 88,” épn 6 Zevopar, “ pH d:a-mpa€mpev
7-0 b] / , @ 9 \ / a
TavTa got, adda tis hoBus 7 ano Aakedampoviwr, apa
s , lal a
ov dé£e. ipas es thy ceavtod xwpav, door BovrAdyeda:
> n
an-ievat mapa ce;” 6 8 eine’ “”Eorat tatra* kal
, cf “A > ‘ \ ‘ « s La
Tojsopat vuas adeAdovs Kal Kowwvovs anavTwy, ov

VIII. CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. QI

cn > an ‘

av OvveépeOa xTacda. ol be, @ Zevopor, de00w THY
(2 \ ” , A 3 , 5 LS Le SE Ase

Ovyarépa, Kal €t Tis gol €otTt OvyaTnp, wYyncopLaL avTiVY

a © /

Opakio vopw, Kat ddcm cor BicdvOnv oikeiv, Smep Kar-
, ’ 5 \ lal SeN , , 33

Atorov eat Euot TOY ent OararTyn xwplwv.

Xenophon's address to the army. ‘Let us first get provisions,
and then settle what to do.’
’ , a 3 / Ay at , bE \
Akxovoavtes TattTa an-jAavvov' Kat €AOovTes eT TO
otpatomedoy am-nyyeiAay TavTa Tols oTpaTidtats. Kal
Eevopav ava-stas etme rade: “”Avipes, Sia-TAelv prev
éxetoe, EvOa BovdAdueOa, ov dvvatov eat, “Apiotapxos
yap kwdver nuas. Devons S€ pyow ed Toujoew vuas, av
” \ > , fal bad L. , es! f
inte mpos avtovy. viv oy oKeWacbe, TmOTEpov EevOade
, On catia | 4 DS \ 3 ,
pevovtes BovrevoerOe, 7) Ew-av-cAOOvTES Els TA EmLTHOELA.
> \ XN a tal | lal ’ ~ , a
eyo péev ovy Ooxet eT-av-ceAOetvy els Tas Kopas, OOev
duvaiieOa AapBavew Ta emTHOELa’ xed SE ExovTEs TA
emitjoeca BovdevodueOa 6 te av Soxy Kpatiotov etvat.
Aree, 9 66 a 5 cal b) / N c ”»
Kal OT,” €pn, “tatta doKxel, dva-TewdaTw THY xXElpa.
Gv-erewav Gmavtes. “’Am-wwvtes Tolvur,” épy, “ ov-
U¢ F >. 3 bs / ede fal
oxevacerOe’ Kal enedav map-ayyeAAn Tis, Enecde TO
€ / PP) .
NYOVPEVY.

Seuthes repeats bis proposals and promises to the army.

Mera tatra Zevopav pev jyetto, of 8 elmovro. émet
d€ mpo-eAnAVOecay doov TpLakovTa oTadiovs, LevOns an-
yvTnoev avtois* Kal eine Toidde' “’Eya, & dwdpes,
déouat tuav orpateverOa ov epyol, Kal tr-tcyvodpat
ddoew vty proOdv’ citra dé Kal ToTd, Somep Kal vov,
Anweobe €k Tis xdpas. Onoca 8 dy Gdloxntar adros
&w, ta d.a-riOeuevos Tatra mopitwm tiv tov picOdv.”

60

_

165

_

70

185

190

200

205

g2 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON

md a \ \ /
6 6€ Zevopar én-npeto avtov' * TIdcov b€ ano Oadarrns
agéets TO oTparevpa;” 6 b€ an-expivaro’ ** Ovdapyy mAEiov

énta juepov, ToAAaxh 6& petov.” ent tovrors edoke
mact ov-otpateverOar TH Levon.

Seuthes entertains the Greeks. Heraclides gives Xenophon
sage counsel,
x a € x ” b , X f
Mera tatra ot pev adAot Eoxnvnocav Kata Takers, oTpU-
x N \ x Vv 50 3 / S28 a

Tyyous 6€ Kul Aoxayous Levdns exadeoev ent Seimvor.
, \ eG > , € , Teak a >
evel O€ oav em Ovpats, ws Tap-LovTEes ETL SEtmvoV, Hv
tes “Hpaxdeldns Mapwvettns* obtos mpos-eAOov TO Zevo-

fal yv >| (73 Zs \ , / = 4 XX
d@vtTe edeye av Kal TOAEMS pEyloTnsS €l, Kal Tapa
yS / \ x wy S b] / ” ba Y Ries |
evn TO coy Gvopa €ote peyatov. akiov ody cot €ore

/ na » a at bh FY. x ” id
peytsta Tiyuioat LevOnv, dovs avTw 6 TL av Exns TAELCTOV
” ” / x cal Lal € Do ‘ °
déuov, evvovs 6€ gor @y-Tmap-awG TovTo" «db yap oida,
OTL Oow @ tov dwpyion Tovtw, TocotTw pel(w ayaa
OTL Oom Gv pe PNT TOUTM, TocovTH pelCw ayaba
meloe. bm0 TovTOV.” akovwy Tadta Zevopav nndper ov
XX Le OX ‘ bal , > U4
yap elxev ovdev, TAY 7 flKpov TL apyupLov.

The banquet begins. Thracian manners. A great eater.
"Emel 5€ els-7AOov ent 7d deimvov, ExdOnvto KiKAy.

v . s > / lad oe > °
evetta O€ Tplmobes els-1VvEXOnocaY Tac." ovTOL 8 Hoav
peoToL KpE@y vEvEeunuevwv, Kal Gptor péyador Tpos=

= n ~
TETEPOVNUEVOL Hoav Tpos Tos Kpéagt. Kal Tmp@Tos
LevOns, AaBwv tos EavTg Tapa-Keipevovs aprovs, b-
ékAa KaTa piKxpov, kal éppinte rots dermvodct, kal Ta Kpéa
@oavtws. Kat of GdAo, wap’ ols of tpinodes éxeuwTo,
> ae ” f ? , x \
énolovy tavta. “Apxas d€ tis, ’Aptvotas dvoua, devos
payeiv, di-€ppimre pev ovdev, AaBawv be eis tiv yxeipa
diprov Saov tpti-xoiviKoy, kal O€yevos Kpéa ent Ta yovara

.

VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 93

. , / XN / wy \ / y
edeimveEl. TmEpt-edepoy O€ KEpaTa olvov, Kal TaVTES €dE-
e “eed te 3 ~ id ’ , yy ’ Pubes
xovro’ 6 0&’Aptotas, énet 6 olvoxdos Epepe Tap’ adrov
\ / IQ N AY — n ’ / “a a .
TO Kepas, dav Tov ZeropaGvra overt SermvodvTa eine
9s X 3)

Ads éxeivw tov olvov' éy® yap otmw cxoddlw.” dak-
, Ss , XN ‘ » , s >) , A ¢.
ovaas LevOns tHv pwviy ipdtra tov oivoydov ti d€you.
5 6€ olroydos Etmev atta 6b TL A€you ATlo ap €AXn-
6 b€ olroydos eize pO Tt A€you nalotato yap ]
a BS df
view. évtavda pev bi) yeAws eyévero.

Xenophon extricates himself from a dilemma. The banquet
concluded. .

°Ek 8& tovrou els-7ADEv avijp Opaé, éxav tnmov AevKdv"
kat AaBav kKépas péotov olvov etme’ “ po-nivo cot,
® LSevOn, cat diSwpi cot todroy tov inmmov, ed’ ov kal
duixwv aipjoes Tov To\€mov, Kal amo-ywpav padios
3 / ” a“ ) ‘ 3 , \
amo-pevfer. a&ddAos Taida els-ayayov dwpjoato, kal
dAAos twaria TH yuvatki. 6 b& ZevodpGy ajropeiro & te

Pb HD) 3 . = yawop
Toot’ €xdOynto yap, ws Tiudpmevos, ev TO TANoLALTAT
, 7 ae CNS tS , 5) a , isan
digppy LevOyn’ Oo O€ olvoxdos evtadda Tpos-ijveyKev adiTo
n /

TO Képas. 6 8€ Zevopdv dav-€oTn Oappadr€éws, defapevos
TO Kepas, kal elmev’ “Eya b€ cot, & TevOy, Sldwpe euav-
A. Q \ 3 Q 4 e / U Ly ,
TOV kal TOUS eovs TOvTOUS ETaipous, Pidovs Elvat TLOTOUSs.

fel n , Od ° ‘ bl ‘ \ fal
kal vor Tpos-airovol oe ovdev, GAA eO€AovEL Kal ToveEty
bnép cod Kal Tpo-Kivdvvedvev" Kal peta TOUTWY THY pev
TaTp@av Xo@pav amo-AnWet, ToAARY Se GAAHV. KTHoEL
moAAous b€ inmous, TOAAOdS OE Avdpas Kal yuvaikas KaTa-
KTH oEL, Ol ad’Tol map-ecovrar dépovres mpds oe dSGpa.”
5 x € , , tw a \ \
ava-oTas 6 LevOns ovv-emie TH HevopOvte’ Kal pera
Tatra eis-fAOdv tives addodvtes Képaci te Kal odAmtyét.

\
Kat avtos SevOns av-expayé te wodeptxodv, Kat e&-1jAaTo
, a Ud \

para ehadbpas. eis-jecav b€ Kat yedAwtorouol,

210

220

230

235

240

t
+
ur

250

355

g4 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

Seuthes proposes to strike a sudden blow. He goes to
reconnoitre the enemy.

‘Qs &€ Atos edveTo, 6 SevOns ava-aras eize Tpds Tods
na %, fal
tov “EdAjvwy otpatnyovs’ “"Q avbpes, of ToA€utoe Fav

’ v , \ £ A yA 38 » ¥
ovk loacl Tw TI HEeTEpay cvppaxtay' e€ay ovv EOwpev
éx avtous Tplv dvAakarOa, padiota av AdBower Kat
9) , \ (2 ” € ss \ 7
avOpdrovs Kat xpijyara.” ot S€ orparnyol cup-eT-1}vouy
cal A b] , ’ ‘ € an e LX = a 79
TavTa kal €xeAEvov auTov nyeiTOat. O O€ ETE Ilapa-
, 5) (4 AN \ € , % bf e
oKEvacapevolt ava-peveTe’ eyo 5&, Smdrav Katpos 7, Ew
Tpos pas Kal Hyioowa.”
+ * led
‘Hvixa 8 jv audi pécas vixtas, SevOns maphv éxov
imméas kat meATaoTas Kat OmAiTas. Kal ob pev HyodrTO,
ot 5€ meAtaotal eizovto, of & tmmets omcOodvAdkour.
b] > /
evel O€ Hepa 1v, 6 Devons exerevoe Tos “EAAnvas TeEpt-
’
pevery Kal ava-navecOat' aitos 8 ‘épn oxéeweoOa.
X / fal
oxewapevos 5€ Axe Tadww Kal EdAeyev’ “”Avdpes, cals
v aN ‘ / r / ‘ ‘ /, 3
€atat, €av Beos OeAn’ Ajoowev yap Tovs ToAELoUS ETL-
, , soa) X 4 e (s ° e C2 5 X\
meaovtes. GAA’ Ey@ pev tynoopuat toils inmots* ters be
éxecOe. wt7ep-Bavtes 5€ Ta Opn TEopev Eis KOpas TOAAGS
, ”
Te Kal evdaiuovas.

The enemy are taken by surprise. Seuthes burns their villages.
‘Hvixa & av dpi péoov rpepas, 6 SevOns Hdn Hv emi
Tots GKpols* kal KaT-lO@y Tas Kepas Kev €AavvwY Tpds
tous émAlras kal édeyer’ “?Ad-jow 7dn Tovs péy innéas
a > \ , ‘ x . . Ts ,
xata-Oeiv eis TO TEdiov, ToUs S€ TEATAOTAS én Tas K@pas*
ipets b€ ExecOe Gs TaxLoTa, peTa TadTa wyxeETO, Kal ob

260 "EAAnves eimovto. émel d€ Hoa év rais Kopais, Devons,

/ € / / 7 ty 4 n .
éxwv tpidxovta inméas, mpos-eddoas «ime TH Zevopavre
“Oi pev GvOpwror exovrar év tats K@bpats, GAN’ odx

VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 95

aAtoKxovrau’ of yap tmnets olxovtar bidKortes, Kai dé-
dotxa sr) Of ToAgwLoL Gu-oTavTes Kal yevdoperor GOpoot
epyacwvTat yas Kaxdy tt. Set ody Tivas tay KaTa-
pevery é€v Tats K@pals, péotat yap elow arOpemwv.”
ANN’ eyw per,” en 6 Zevopaov, “ xara-Aippoua ra
dxpa’ ov 6€ KéAeve KAedvopa mapa-retvar tiv padayya
dua TOD TEdlov Tapa Tas KOpas.” TdTE ev 2) NLALCOnTaV
abtov" 77) 0 torepala 6 LevOns, katra-kavoas Tas Kopas,
am-Hee TAAL.

Encampment in the plain. Intense cold.
’ , £ >
Ex tovrov SevOys an-eneppev ‘Hpaxdelonv eis Teé-
3 , N , Y 4 , a
pww0ov ao-d0c0at tiv A€iav, OTwS pLTO0s yévowTO Tots
, 5 % \ x a coe by 7
oTpati@tats’ autos d€ Kat ot EAAnves €otpatoTedevorto
év T@ Ovvay Tediw. of OF Ovvol éx-AiTdvTES Tas KOpUAS
eqevyov els Ta Opn. Hv b€ XLV TOAAI) Kal WoXos TOTOD-
(od Se oY A 3 / ee a b] eG ‘
Tov, WaTE TO VOwp, O EepovTo Em! Setmrov, emjyvuTo, Kat
a nr Lt ps) a
6 olvos 6 ey Tois dyyetous* Kal Tey “EAAjvav TodAAGY Kal
pives kal ta an-exalovto. doge 68 TO Levon avrroOijvar
ny na X\ / n fal
avtod, tva of én Tod dpovs pr TpépowrTo ek TOV Kwpav.
\ ea SN 3 , 3 ° a es, Nea ge a 7
Kal avTos wey eoxyver ev TH TEdiw’ 6 b€ Zevopar, éxwv
° / oA 3 {4 3 ~ ° / ZB: id \ A
emiAeKTous dvdpas, erie. ev TH avatatw Kdpn v7 Td
Gpos* ot 6€ GAAoL “EAAnves mAnoloy kat-eokijynsay év
toils dpeivors Opaki.

A night attack from the Thracians.

Eis 8& thy én-todcay vixta of Ouvol edOovtes ex Tod

ao @ \ x

dpovs eni-TiWevtar Tots “EAAnot. emel & €y€evorto Kara
x ay e rd fol fee € \ ’ , c
Tas Ovpas ExdoTou TOD OiKkjparos, ot pev Els-nKOVTLCOY, of
d& év-emiunpacay tas olkias’ Kal kadodrvtes ZevodGvra
dvopaott exéXevoy adtov e&-.dvta amo-OvijoKew. Kat Hdn

i>]
nN
tn

Aie

28c

285

290

295

w
(2)
tr

310

96 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

Te TUp edalveto Sa Tod dpodov, Kal of mept Tov Zevo-=
parvra ijcav évoov. évtad0a 61) Sthavds Maxiottos onpal-
vet TH oaATLyye’ Kal evOds TavTEs OL” EAANves éx-7ndGow
éx TOV olknpatay onacartes TA Lid. ot 5& Opaxes Epev-
yov’ kal of pey advtav eAnpOnoay, ot d€ Kai an-€Oavov*
ot 6€ "EAAnves €dlwxov Tovs AorToUs Ew THs Kauns. TOV
6€ Qvvav tives, bro-ctpahevtes ev TO oKOTEL Etpwcavy
Tivas TaY “EAAjVev akovtiots’ ovdeis 6€ aitay an-€Oave.
Devons b€ Hee ovv Extra inmedor wal €BoyGer Tors” EAAnot,

wv \ \ ‘ ,
EX@V TOV GadTLyKTiy TOY Opaxtov.

The Thracian tribes submit to Seuthes. Generous conduct
of Xenophon.
“E16n b€ 6 NevOns ciye cal tpitAaclay Svvapw* ToAAol
‘ a ’ lal
yap Tay OédpvoGy, axovovTes Ta TETPaypEeva, TUV-EoTpA-
, >’ a 4 ‘ \ 3 XN > 3 \ na 4
TEVOVTO aUvT@. ol b€ Ovvol, emet Eldov amo Tod dpovs
moAAovs pev omAlras ToAAovs 5€ wEeATAaTTas TOAAOUS
6é tnméas, xata-Bavtes ixérevoy oneicacbar. 6 be
/, — a
LevOns, kad€oas Tov Zevoparra, én-edeixvuev & é€yorer,
¥ — a
Kat ovx én oneicacba, ei Zevopay Bovdoito ripwpi-
cacbat avtovs. 6 dé eimev" “AN Eywye voullw adrods
\ Lol v e “‘ , cal ” rh » ee
kal voy €xew ixavny dixny, ef d00A0L Evovrat dytt eAev-
Oépwr. aup-Bovredw ody cor AauBdverv dprpovs Tovs
duvatwrdrovs Kakdv TL Tovely, Cay be Tods yépovTas
” , ” di = b] , n , € /
olkot peverv. Tavtes ody ev taity TH x@pa bp-levTo
a“ ,
T@ Levy.

The Greeks are not patd in full, Xenophon unfairly treated.
Mera raira 6 ‘Hpaxdeléns map-fjv éx TepivOov, éxov
THY TysnY THS Alas, Hs am-dd0To, LTevOns b& an-edidov

VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 97

\ al 4 4 , e ee e ‘

TOV plcOdov TO oTpaTEdparte ElKooL pdVvOY HMEpOV" O yap 315
€ al a
[IpaxAelons eAeyen Ort ovK eu-tohijoere TAEtov THs Aetas.
6 ov Zeropadv axdecbels cine “ Aoxets por, & “Hpa-
khefdn, ov Krdec0ar Sevdov ws Set? ef yap exyjdov, jKes
av dépwr mAnpy Tov pioOdv kat e pH GAdrAws eddvH

, a preee’ | nN SS Ce at erg ”
mopitecOat Tovroy, kal am-é5ov dv Ta ceavTod tparta,” 320
’Evred0ev 6 “Hpakdelons deve py ex-BAnOeln ek Tis
SevOov didrias' Kat and tavryns tis juepas bi-€Badde
Zevoparta mpds LevOnv & te edvvato. of pev by otpa-

a 3 / — n v4 ’ > A 4
TLOTAL EV-EKAAOVY ZEvopovtt, OTL oVK Elxov TOV pLabov’
TevOns Se 7xXOero adra@, tu evtdvws an-1rer TOV jaro Ody 325

c t
Tols oTparidrals, Kal ovKETL PLALKOs bi-exELTO aiT@, do-
mEp TO Tmpdoden.

Sparta wants the army. Seuthes entertains the envoys.

’ fal an > a

Ep rovr@ To xpdve adp-=tkvoivtat Xappivds te 6 Adkav
kal TloAvvixos mapa O/Bpevos, cal A€yovow Sri of Aake-
2 , , / Se / \
Satdviot peAAovot otparevecOar emt Tisccadépyny, Kal

w

30
br. 6 OlBpwv deirae ravrns tis otTpatias’ Kal bn-ty-
vodvrar picOdr. emel d& of Aaxedatpdviot HAPov, edOds

6 ‘HpaxAeléns A€yer TO Vevdn* “ Todro yeyernra Kad-
Atotov* of pev yap Aaxedayudvior d€ovrar Tod arparev=
Hatos, ov 5& ovKere béy' Edy SE AtO-did@s TO OTPATEvWA 335
avrots, OL oTpaTiGTat OVKETL Am-alTHGOVEL Ge TOV pLaOdD,
GAN’ an-adddfovtat é€x THs x@pas.” axovoas tadra 6
LevOns Kedever vap-dyeww Tovs ayyéAovs, kal éAeyev Ore
aro-6.50in TO oTpaTevpa tots Aakedawoviors, Kal e&€vicev
avrovs peyadompenGs. Bevoddvra d& ode exddrer ead 340
€évia, ovde TGv GAAwY oTparnyav ovdéva.

H

345

98 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

Xenophon’s character, as drawn by Seuthes and Heraclides.

2 P. X\ lal , af b) ‘ ¥
Epwrtevtay 6€ tov Aaxedasoviwy motos Tis avnp etn
Zeropav, 6 SevOns an-expivato, ore ta pev GAdra ein
’ ‘ / / \ ‘ n “ wv
ov Kakos, dthootpati@Tns b€ Kal ba TodTo xetpoy Ein
b AeA € \ = rs te? i es ODN ‘
QvT@. ol b€ ElTov AXA 7) Snpaywyet 6 avijp Tovs
> € / ?
avopas;” Kal 6 ‘Hpaxdeidns, “ [avy pev ody,” edn.
[a4 TA = ; Rios 8; (43 ? 3 ; , eC wn, 5. lod
pa ou,” é€fpacay, ‘ ovK évartidceTat nuty TeEpi THs
amaywyns ths otpatias;” ‘’AAA’ eav tyels,” Edy 6
c
Hpakdcldns, “ ovd-A€Eavtes Tods oOTpaTidtas b7d-cynTOe
attots Tov pioOdr, Exovres amo-dpayodvra ow byl.
\ ” ” te x zp , ‘ bat of b] x
kal avptov Ggouev tuas Tpos avTovs’ Kal olda Sr, everday
Owow tuas, dopevoe cuv-Spapodrtar duty.” abr pev 7

“Hepa ovtws eAn€e.

3&5

360

The Spartans make their proposals to the army, and promise
pay. Xenophon accused of unfair dealing.

Ti 62 dbotepala TevOns te nal ‘HpaxdelSns ayovor
\ ' 5 ae, aes , Fs \ gk ! 3 , .
tous Aaxwras €mi TO oTpatevpa* Tw be Aaxwve eheyeTny
“ Aoxet tots Aaxedatmovios modeuetv Trscapépve, To
7) , e c 9X = v ‘\ e lal , /
adixnoavte tas’ é€av ovv inte atv Hyir, tyrwpnoeadE
Te TOV exOpov Kat AnWeobe Tov picOdv.” ot 5& oTpa-
TLOTAaL Gopevot iKovoav Tadta* Kal evOds dv-lotaral tis
tév Apkddwy, Kat-nyopjowy tod Zevopartos, cal A€yer
a be 2
ade ““Hyets pév, ® Aaxedamoviot, kal mdAae dy Ter
S48 — n 2] / en fol ‘ ‘
map wvpiv, el pi Zevopav an-nyayey nas dSedpo* aviv
, ‘ , at 4 ee rg OX
tovT@ b€ oTpaTevopevot Kal VUKTa Kal nucpay ovdey TE-
mavpeba’ Kal Tov pev pérepoy pioddy adros Exel, mas

365 b€ dmo-oTepel.” peta ToDToOY GAAOs av-éoTy duolws Kal

dAAos. éx 8€ rovrov Zevodar ereLev Gide

VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 99

Xenophon’s defence. i.*In all that I have done I have sought
your welfare, and tried to carry out your wishes.’

’ , a a
“Adda Tavta peév euavt® Kaka det mpos-doxav, evel

A ¢ 4? e nr b aly yo x in 3
ye viv tp vpGv aitias éxw epi TovTwy, év ols Tap-
eoxounv wept tudv mAelotnv tpobvpiay. am-eTpaTopnv
/ wy © ! ” 3 , ig c cn 3 3 ie
Mey ye 75n w@pynwevos olkade, Axovoy tyas elvar ev atd-
pois, kal PBovddpuevos @deAToar twas, et te dvratunv.
peta O€ Tata LevOns EneuTe Tpds €4€ ToAAOVS ayyéAouvs,
\ ig tee ma > 4 4. >] na \
Kal Um-lLoXVEITO ot TOAAG, Ed TEiTAYyL Dyas eADEiy Tpds
CA oy dn ie x A N > 5) , a € haere
auTdv’ GAAG TobTO wey OK eT-EXELpNTA TOLELVY, WS advTol
bpets eniatacbe, EBovddunv b& ws TaytoTa d1a-PiBdoa
Cn ’ Ss > 7, a XX NC ee /
vas els THY ’Aciay. Tatra yap Kal evopidoy BéATioTAa
= Lae inl \ v € a / - rtd) Ve
elvat vuiv, kat noe vas Bovdopuevovs. émel d€ ’Api-
3 nS X / 3 , € nr a >

oTapxos €AO@v ovv Tpijpeciy exoAvev pas d1a-7AEiv, ex
tovTov aup-edcEa vas, Smws Bovdrevoaiueda & te S€or
movety. evtad0a oi) mavres enpicacbe lévar civ VevOn.
V6 a SN 3 n IO7 at ae LA ae v 2 ,
TL ov é€ym evTadda diknxa, ayaywv buas EvOa €doKeEL
Tac vy Topeverar ;

li. ‘ Seuthes has cheated me, as well as you.’ iii. ‘Whatever good
we have got by entering his service has been of my procuring.’
“ Tlept 6€ rod pucdod, bv eve A€yeTe An-eoTEpyKevat
twas, Opvupe div pynde exew & VevOns eyol idia t7r-
, \ , Ss Te > a & €
€axeTo’ Kal oup-er-duvupe pndé avros eiAnpévat, & of
GAdot otparnyot €AaBov, pnde Soa Eviot TY oxayar"
\ ? , XN res ees, oe
kat yoxvrduny av bi), ef two Todeulov ye otrws é&-
eeargeay Piro dé dvr. aloyisv jot etvar doxet ef-aTra-
Tay 7) €€-avatacdat. ‘Ava-poqoOnre dé mpds TovTols ev
rola atopla re, bre ey® av-nyayov tyas Tmpos LevOnv.

Il 2

375

380

385

39°

410

415

100 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

5) lad /
Apiotapxos pev 6 AakeSaiporios ok ela tas els-tevat
eis 77v IlépwOor, wmatOpior 6& e&m eatparomedevere,
, > < * x DX 3 , — / »
pesos 6€ yeyov nv Ta b& emit dELa aY oOTaYLAa, Kal
’ pe en , 5) ! a , . >
OUK 7]V 7ply KaTa-\apBave avdparoda 1) mpoButa’ ov
yap elxyowev ovre inmets ovre meATaoTas, wate AaPeiv
“aA > \ Oe > X\ ae aN € Cal > 50 ,
TQUTa. E€TEL O€ Eyw TPOS-EAaBov Vuiv VevOnv covppaxor,
€xovta Kal inméas xal weATaoTas, TadTa TavTa Tpos-
eylyveTo Hiv’ Kat yap év Tals K@palts evploxoyev otTop
3 , Ny ’ / € n / ft , €
ap0ovwrepor, Kal OVKETL EwpOpEev TOAEULOVY OVdEVAa. O
X Sy VA Cad , ‘ MS Pp ea icf
yap LevOns Tap-elxe Tavtnv tv aodpadelay vpiv ovTws
dnopotdat' Kal voy ef py mavy TodrAdv Tpos-edidov tyiv
~ , y v : A , “A ld ~ an
pucOov, Th det AxPesOat wept TovTov; 1 Th dia TodvTO
oleae ypivos eve adtixa aro-Oavetv;

iv. ‘I have sacrificed all for you; is this your gratitude?’

«“ nN X s NaN Oy / , b a e
Kat Ta peéev 67 vmeTEepa Tpaypata €oTt ToLlaiTa

Sow Ss \ aA eet ! . a he
dyere O€ Oy, Kat Ta €ua oxeWaobe Tapa Tatra. eéy@

X ced x , € , ¥ > X v

yap, OTe pev TpdTEpov @pyopunpy olxade, elyov yey ETawvor’
Todww mpos tpar, elyov be bt tyas cal two tGv GdAwv
“EAAjvev edkrelay, emiorevduny 6& bd Aakedapovior'
wv S ’ A , X ee an XS
dAAws yap ovx dy pe EveuTrov TAAL Tpds twas. vov be
an-€pxouat S1a-BeBAnpuevos pev mpds Aaxedatpoviovs tp
eon b , ie et 4 Crean Ca € a XN (f
bpGv, an-nxOnyevos bE LevVOn vrep tuav? tyets 5€, dep
op éy® Tadta TOAAa TaTX@, ToLa’THY ExETE yvOunv TeEpl
. a 38 x , War rata ’ od
euod. . Cav b€ Towjonte Tepl eve & A€yere, lore Srovov
7 5 Aes ‘ x ‘ es oe Peer ‘
Gvipa amo-xreveite’ TOAAG ev yap vrép Duav Kal ov
tiv endvnta Kai éxiwvdtvevoa, Kai eornodyny adv dpiv
ToAAa BapBapwy tpdnaa’ eretpacdynv 8) moreiy wav
5 \ \ ear. o 4 > , a x cor
ayaboyv mpos tpas, doov eyo jdvvaynv. vov yap tpiv
ef-eatt TmopeverOar Sot dy BovAnobe wal kata yyy Kal

“ , - @ ? = na “ 4 ew n =

cata Oddatray’ ap ovv viv by Katpos vyiv Sox civat

VIIT, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT, 101

a U ao
KaTa-KTavely €“e WS TAaXLOTAS Ov pry, OTE ye ev Tots
amdpo.s tev, ovdéev ToLodro €déyeTe’ GAG Kal TaTepa
SN D) a \ € al Po." , D n c
fue EKaAEiTE, Kal Un-Loyxreiobe del prijoecOa euod, ws

> , n
EVEpyeTOV. OV pevTOL ovTOL Elo ayrapoves, ob vov
en Sp 3 cer aN, ION € SN ” / a

Nkovtes ed wtuas* ovde, @s €y® olouar, TovTols SoKeire
) , a ” N39) 0-99

elvat BEeATLOVES, TOLOUTOL OVTES TEPL Efe.

The Spartans take Xenophon’s part. Heraclides shows bis
sagacity. Xenophon leaves Seuthes.

Tatra eto ématoato. Xapptvos 5€ 6 Aaxedatpovios
ava-otas elmev? “’AAN eyol pévtot ov Sixalws doxeire
XaAeraive To avdpt TovTH’ ey yap Kal adtds paptr-
pyow vrép avtod. judy yap épwtévray tepi Zevopav-
TOS, TOlds TLs avnp ein, DevOns an-expivato Gt ov KaKkods
pev ein, ayav b& didootpatidtys.” dva-atas emt TovT
loAukparns "A@nvaios eimev’ “‘Opd, @ dvdpes, Kab
‘Hpaxdcldnv évrat0a nap-dvta, bs map-édaBe 7% yxprf-
pata, & hpels extnodueOa* Kal amo-ddevos Tadra ovTeE
Levon ovre Hiv an-<daxe THv Tir, AAAG adros ExAewWe.
av ody cwdpovGper, ovd-AnWopueda adtdév* ob yap 47
obrds ye Opag early, AAN “EAAny dv "ENAnvas docket.”
’Axovoas tavta, 6 “Hpaxdeidns mpos-eAOav toe DevOn
eyes ““Hyets, €av cwodppovdpmev, an-iev evtedOev ws

420

425

435

, ” 4 3 , Seay X\ o ” ’
TaxloTa. Kal ava-Bavtes Em ToUs immovs wxovTO «eis 440

TO €avtGv otpardnedove Kal evreddevy Devons TeyTE
»” > — an \ Lf. aN rn
ayyeAov mpos Zevop@vTa, kat KeAevet auTOV KaTa-pelvat
map €avt@, €xovta xtAlovs dmAiras* Kat tr-woxveirat
aiT@ dmo-ddbcew Ta TE Xwpia Ta ent OaddtTy Kal Ta
dAAa & tr-€oxero, 6 8€ EZevopdv vero to Au
a a 4 4

T@ Paowrel, worepa Gpuewvov ein pévery Tapa LevOy, 7}

445

102 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON,

X\

% / A “A f é ¢ 3 , ’ ”
amivar avy TH oTparevpatey oO 6€ EonunvEeY aUTw

> ,
avmleval.

Medosades complains of the Greeks. Xenophon refers” bim
to the Spartans. Their answer.

’ , vA *. 3 vi , a
Ex tovtov LYevOns pev €Eatpatonedevoato Toppw TeV
450 “EAAnvav’ ol 6€ €oxyvntav év Kebyats 60ev ArjWouTo

Ay a A

Ta emityoera. avtar dé al KGpar Sedomevar joavy Mn-
/ ” \
docddn bd LevOov. 6 ov Mydocddns Epxetat zpos
Eevopdvra kcal dA€yert “’Adixeite, @ Zevopev, mop-
Oodvtes Tas eTepas Kwpas’ Tpo-A€yowev ovv tyiv
am-tevat ex ths xwpas.” 6 b€ Zevopdv cizev' “ Ti

ae
tn
on

‘\ Lae , a ’ ~, yy v x” 3 X
mpos ue A€yets Tadta; ov yap éywye ETt Gpyw, GAAG
Aakedaiporiot, ols tyeis map-edeKate TO oTpdrevpa, ovTE
€ué Tapa-kadé€cavtes, ovTe TOY GAAwY oTpaTnyGv ov-
déva.” 6 b€ Mnydocadns exéAeve TOV Zevoparta xadéoat

460 tov Xappivov kai Todvyixov. 6 6 mpos-eAOav avrois
édeyev, Ott Myndocddyns mpo-eimo. Tots "EAAnow am-tévat
€x Tis x@pas. ot $€ Adxwves evOds 7}AOov mpos Mndo-
: c a

aadny kal €deEav’ ““Hyeis roivuy an-lomev dv, Sore
> y¥ X fs eS ’ ,
ovro. Exorevy TOV ptabov" «i 5€ py, BonOnocopnev TovTOLS
kal Tiyswpnodueda tuas ws adixodvTas.”

>
nN
LST)

Xenophon goes to Seuthes, and obtains pay for the army,

‘O 8& Mndooddns exedcve nméuTtew Zevopavra aapa
LevOnv wept tod picOod* edeito S€ pi) Kalew tas Kdpas.
evred0ev meymovot Eevopdvra cai GAdovs atv aito. 6
b& CADDY Tapa Tov DevOnv Creye Te TOAAA airiopevos,

470 kal ed€iTo avrod amo-diddvar TH oTpaTevpate TOV pLcOdr.
6 8& LYevOns an-expivaro’ “’Eyd pev ovre bi-evonOnv
ToToTE Amo-oTephoat was tov pucOor, aro-ddc0w Te

VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT, 103

3 l2 x b ” ‘ * id iY na @#
dpyvpiov b€ ovK é€xw, TARY 7) piKpdv TL, Kal TodTd ooL
d(8wput, TdAavTov’ Bods b& E£axooiovs Kal mpdBara Te-
‘4 \ B) , v A € , a
Tpakis-xidta Kat avdparoda elkoot xat Exatdv. Tatra
AaBov an-10.” tH be torepaia an-edwxev adtois & Um-
ecxeto’ 6 d€ Sevopar, ene cide Xapyivey re cat Todv-
vixov, © Tadra,” épn, “cécwota du tyas tH oTparia,
\ 3 ‘: / 2 Ae. e ta am € na \ Ged
kal éyo mapa-didwpe adita tyiv' tpyels 5€ bid-dore TH
otpatia.” ol wey oty tapa-AaBovtes ém@XAovy, Kal o1-
edldouv Tols oTpatiaTais’ Zevopov b€ map-ecxevdcero ws
> AS ” , 5 b deel, e a 9s /
am-twv olxade. mpos-edOovtes b€ avTw Ol oTpaTiGTaL edE-
ovTo pH am-eAdelv, mply am-aydyo. TO oTpdtevpa kal
7 a tf
tapa-boin TO O1Bpwve.

Xenophon sacrifices to Zeus ‘the Gracious.

‘Evreddev di-enAcvoav eis Aduwakov' Kai évtaida Ev-
kAeions, pavtis PAtdowos, at-avTd TO ZevopGvtt. obros
/ - — na [4 3 / \ % LA Pe
cuv-ndeTo TO Zevopart. 6tt €céaworo, kal npota avrov
oi 4 x e XN s 4 XN >] ,
mOgov xpvatoy éxolt. O O€ e€izev EoecOar pndé Epod.ov
€ \ cA 2 / >? bee , \ ¢ ee
ikavov w@oTe am-levat, ef pr) and-doiTo Tov immov Kal &
clyev dugl éavtév. 6 b& EdxAeldns odk éemlotevev adra
3 \ XS x / “a —_ n x
emel 6& Aauwaxnvol éreupav E€via to EZevodpdvte kal
eOve TS ’ArdAAOM, Edkdcidns ldov Ta tepeia eimev, Ste
non TeOoito a’Te ph Exe xpyyata. “’ AAA’ oida,”
eqn, “Ore Kal edy peAAns Tote eEewv, Eorat te eumdd.dy
Le: ¢ 2s aN # ee 3 , \ Cohaey
gow’ Kat OTL €av pnd€v GAAO 7) EuTOdLOV, OV GavT@ EoeL
eumddios, viv dé 6 Zets 6 MeAlyuds eoti cou eumdd.os.”
kal ém-npeTo avtov ei 75n Ovoere TOUTH TO Ded. 6 BE
ovk pn TeOvxeva. To Att TO Mewrixlm e€ Grov dn-
ebjunoev. 6 oby Evxdeldns ovv-eBovrevoev atte Ove-
aa. 77 5€ torepala Zevopar eOvero, kal 7a tepa eylyvero
Ad \ , f) € / 3 a A r
kaAd. Kal Tatty TH Huepa ah-txvodvrar AapWwaxnvav

475

480

485

490

495

590

104 SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON.

TIWES GWOOVTES XpHuata To oTpaTevpaTL Kal 6 Sevopav
XP p OTP id =
4 > P, c XN 5. Ud ’ n x Lif a

€eviCer atrovs. of 6&@ az-docav ait@ tov immo, bv
aT~€6 ev A L rope avtov Tempaxevar bv
an-€doTo év Aap ake, vouiCovres TET p

ae > tal X\ /

505 €voetav* Kal ovK 70€\ov amo-AaBely THY TYyAnv.

The Greeks attack Asidates, but are stoutly resisted.

+ o XX fal r ”

Evretdev emopevovto bia tis Tpwados eis “Avtavdpov
Tp@tov' €ita Topevdpmevor Tapa OdAaTrav adp-tkvovvTo eis
[lepyapov ris Muoias.

> a oN — a , X ” ,

Evratéa 63 Eevopdv Eeviferar mapa tH Toyytdov

iz. er ‘ ” > oe) “ce? / 4 3 b]
510 yuvatkt. avtn O€ Edeyev avtw: “* Actdatns Tis €oTwW ev

a 8 aN [eé a > érX0 n \
TO Tediw, avyp Tlepons* todrov, el EAOows THs vuKTOs,

! a \ a \ a Nee , Aer

AaBos Gv kai yuvaixa kal maidas Kat Ta xprjpata’ €ore
6€ ait@ ToAAG.” 6 ov Zevopdv deimvyjcas emopevero,
AaBwv tovs Aoxayovs Tods padrtota irovs Kal Tmorovs
r € n” a ° i: ’ , 3 \ by teen / bd
515 €avT@, Omws EV TOUTELEY AUTOS. emEL bE Ab-lKOVTO TeEpt
uéoas vuKTas, Ta pev avoparoda Kal xpjyata Ta TAcioTa
v 5 n oe w boas, A > / ‘
elwy amo-bpavat, Omws AaBovev avTov Tov Aaidatnv kal
Kas , > s \ > 357 tal % , ‘
Ta €xelvov. evel O€ OVK edvVaVTO AaBELY THY TYpaLW KaTa
Kpatos, ém-exelpnoay di-opvtTew TO Teixos. Gua 5€ TH
« / , . € Ae: Ld \ nah ° / /
520 7MEpa St-wpapuKto* ot b€ Evdov 7000vTO, Kal evOUs emarake

” \ fol
Tis Evdodev dBerloxw diaprEpes TOV pNpdy Tod eyyuTaTw"
émeita 6€ éro€evoy Kal €BaddAov, Bote pH aopadées civar
ért Tap-tevate GAdot b€ €x-BonOodor mdyToAdot, Kal in-
nels kal OmAtrat kal weATaoTal €x TOY TAnoiov xwpiwr.

Reinforcements arrive. Asidates taken. The army banded
over to Thibron.
525 ‘Evradda 57 of “EAAnves éoxdtovy TOs d70-xwpoier’
kal AaBdvtes Scot 7av Bdes Kai TpdBata Kal avdpanoda
an-nAavvov. émei d€ ToyyvAos é@pa rods pév “EAAnvas

VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF TIIE RETREAT. 105

a ‘ 3

dAlyous dvras, rods de émt-KeLpevovs adrois modAods, &€-
¥ ,

epxeTar kal adtos, éxwv THY Eavtod Svvayww cvv-eBonde

d€ Kat IIpoxAiy e€€ ‘Adtodpyns. ot 5€ wept Zevoporta, 5

> an 4 \
evel Tavu ron emLeCovTo WTO TOV TokevpaTa@V Kal opeEv-
n (ae ‘
dovav, ports b1a-Balvovor tov Kdixov motapov’ modAot
n 4 ? /
d€ adtGp erpHOncav. ovTw d1a-cw(orTal, ExovTEs avopa-
nN e ,
Toda ws Staxdota Kal mpdBata ToAAd. TH OE VoTEpaia
st atrany! nn 2 , cal Q Tad Mi / yk be
6 Zevopav e&-dyer ths vuxtos wav TO otparevpa’ 6 b€
i} if
Aowarns @€-avdiCerar év xdpats Tioly ov Tpdow KELLe-
cal n > ™
vats. evtadda ot nepl Hevopevta év-tvyxavovow avte,
, a ral \ \
kal AapBavovow aditoy Kal yvvaika cal maidas Kal Tovs
inmous Kal mavTa Ta xpyyata’ émeita TAAL A-lKvOUYTAL
nan \
eis [lépyapov. evtatda of Adxwves cal of Aoyayol kal
© \ \ e 8 x07 eee]
ot aAAot otpatnyol Kal of otpari@rat edidovy T® Fevo-~
fol 3 me ”~ lA e \ \ ‘ ‘ ae 4
pavre e€aipera tis Nelas, tmmovs Kal Cevyn Kal Ta GAA.
IN , /
Ev rovt~ OiBpwv Tapa-yevopevos Tap-€AaBe TO FTpa-
e ~ = 4 > \ a € na % /
Tevpa’ Kal oup-pigas aitd TO dAdo EAAnuiK® eTmodeper
/
mpos Tiooadépyny xat PapyaBacov.

J
w
°

535

540

545

NOTES.

CHAP ER.
THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON.

[N.B. In the first 100 lines no augmented tenses are used. There is a note
on every augmented tense throughout the first chapter. After Chapter I there
are notes on such augmented tenses only as present any peculiar difficulty]

Line 1. yiyvovrat, the present instead of the past éyévovto, Tenses
are of two kinds, past or dead, and present or living. History, telling
of the past, should only use past or dead tenses, but it often uses present
or living tenses, to make the story more lively; as if the historian
were looking on at the time the thing happened. Hence the present
tense, when thus used, is called the historical present.

aratdes Svo, instead of matde Svo, because no stress is laid on the fact
that there were only two of them. But further on in 1. 4, where there is
such a stress, we find dupotépw Td matde. Cp. IV. 279 note.

1. 2. Though Artaxerxes was the elder son, he was born before his
father became king. Cyrus was born after Darius had succeeded to the
throne, and this, according to Persian customs, gave him at least some
claim. Darius I had chosen Xerxes to succeed him on the same ground.
Cyrus was not thus chosen by his father; but he was the favourite of
Parysatis (1. 18), and the queen-mother was powerful in Persia.

1, 3. doQevGv, pres. past nom. masc. sing. of doevéw, contracted
from daevéwr. 7

Qavetv, 2 aor. infin. of @vyjoxw (stem Qav-),

1. 4. tap-eivat, pres. infin, of mép-eryu, ‘I am present.’

1. 6. dpx‘js, ‘province.’ A satrap was a viceroy under the king of
Persia. The satrapy of Cyrus consisted of Lydia, Phrygia, and Cappa-
docia; the Ionian towns, or Greek colonies, had been under Tissaphernes,
but about this time all of them, except Miletus, revolted to Cyrus.

ovv, ‘well then,’ continuing the story. [Ody is probably =4y, the neut.
part. of eli, ‘ this being so,’ like our ‘in fact.’]

108 NOTES.

1. 7. dva-Batver, ‘goes up,’ i.e. inland or up from the coast. [Hence
the expedition of Cyrus is called ’Avd-Baots or the March inland. The
retreat of the 10,000 Greeks should properly be called Kata-8acis, or
the March down to the sea).

1, 9. ava-Bas, 2 aor. part. nom. masc. sing. of dva-Baivw (stem Ba-).

Baorretots, ‘palace, sc. dwpacr, Distinguish ra Baciike&, neut. pl.
of Bacideos, from 4 Baciked, ‘queen, and this again from 4 Baoreia,
‘kingdom.’

], 10. reXeutg, 3 sing. pres. ind. of reAevtdw, contracted for reAeuTdet.

1. 12. Sta-Badder, ‘accuses.’ Baddew is ‘to throw,’ &d, ‘in different
directions ;’ hence d:a-BadAev, ‘to pull to pieces’ a person’s character,
i.e. ‘slander’ or ‘accuse.’ Thus in the New Test. 6 ArdBodos is a
title of Satan, ‘the Accuser,’ who tempts us to sin, and then accuses us
before God.

l. 15. ato-Kretvat, t aor. infin. act. of dmo-KTeiva,

4 BAT, ‘his mother,’ lit. ‘the mother’ (of him whom we are talking
about). The Greek article is used for the possessive pronoun (‘ my,’
‘thy,’ ‘his,’ etc.) when the sense makes the reference clear.

éf-arrnoapévy, I aor. part. mid. nom. fem. sing. of ¢¢-arréw.

1. 20. ad-tkvotvrat, 3 pl. pres. ind of dp-t«véoua contracted from
dup-tkv €ov Tat.

1. 21. kat otrot. Kai means (1) ‘and,’ joining two words or clauses
together, (2) ‘also’ or ‘even,’ laying a stress on some particular word.
Nothing makes greater nonsense of a Greek sentence than to confound
these two meanings of kat. Think which makes sense here.

1. 22. Baowdet, ‘the king.” Baoideds without the article commonly
means ‘ the great king’ or ‘ the king of Persia,’ being used like a proper
name. Sometimes péyas is added, as in |. 182 of this chapter.

tois BapBapois trois tap’ éavT@, i.e. the Asiatics who were in his
own service, as distinguished from the Persian envoys above mentioned,
who ‘came from the king’ (1. 20).

1. 23. Sow, 3 pl. pres subj. of ety, ‘I am.’ The v is added to da
because the next word begins with a vowel.

1. 24. tod troAepeiv, Lat. bellandi. The article 7d is used to make a
declinable noun substantive of the so-called infinitive, so that it can be
declined like the Latin gerund. The usage makes it clear that the
infinitive really is, what it ought to be called, viz. a verb-noun.

1, 25. AdBy, 3 sing. 2 aor. subj. of AapBdvw (stem AaP-).

1. 26. Xeppovnow. The name xeppd-vncos (or xepad-vnoos) is from
xépoos, ‘land,’ and vfaos, ‘island,’ and means ‘a peninsula.’ It was used
asa sort of proper name for the strip of land which forms part of Thrace,
and runs out along the north side of the Hellespont. .

1, 27. yevopevos, 2 aor. part. of yiyvopa: (stem yev-),

1. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON, 10g

1. 29. AaBav, 2 aor. part. of AazBdvw (stem daf-).

ovA-étas, 1 aor. part. nom. mase. sing. of avA-A€éyo.

1. 30. tats wédeou TOV ‘EAAqvwv, the Greek colonies in Thrace on the
Propontis, such as Byzantium and Perinthus.

1. 35. The Pisidians were a race of mountaineers, inhabiting the high-
lands above Pamphylia, and were very troublesome to the satrapy of
Cyrus.

1. 37. dva-Batvev. Cp. 1. 7 n.

1. 39. AaBovras, 2 aor. part. acc. masc. pl. of AapBavw (stem
daB-).

1. 40. map-eivat eis SdpSas. As map-erzu=‘I am come,’ it can be
used with a preposition signifying motion fo a place. Sardis was the
capital of Lydia, and Lydia had been made a Persian satrapy by Cyrus
the Great, when he conquered its king Croesus, B.c. 546.

1. 41. adkovoas, I aor. part. nom. masc. sing. of dxovw.

oBovpevos, pres. part. mid. of poBéw, contracted from PoBedpevos,

1.44. kat atrdés. Think whether «ai heré means ‘and’ or ‘also.’
Cp.b 2i-n.

1. 49. émt-Keévy, part. nom. fem. sing. of émi-xe:pat.

S.a-Bds, 2 aor. part. nom. masc. sing. of d:a-Baivw (stem Ba-).

1. 50. KoAooods. Colossae was formerly one of the most populous
towns of Phrygia. Its inhabitants were the Colossians, to whom St.
Paul addressed his epistle. ,

1.54. Bacihed. Cp. 1. 9 n. Besides this palace of Cyrus at
Celaenae there was another belonging to the King of Persia, said to have
been built by Xerxes, during his retreat from Greece after the battle of
Salamis.

1. 56. yupvdaoat, 1 aor. infin. act. of yuprva cw,

1, 61. ytyvovrat, lit. ‘there become,’ i. e. ‘there turn out’ or ‘ are found
to be.’

1. 64, Katiotpou méStov, ‘the Plain of Caister’ or ‘Cajstrum.’ It
has nothing to do with the river Cayster, which is a long way to the
south-west of this place. See Vocabulary.

1. 65. ad-tcveitor, 3 sing. pres. ind. of dp-txvéopat, contracted from
dcp-.kv €eT at,

1. 67. Setras, 3 sing. pres. ind. of Séouas, contracted from Séerar.

1, 68. ém-Seigar, 1 aor. infin. act. of ém-deinvupe.

1. 70. taxOAvat, I aor. infin. pass. of ratTw.

eiwOacr, 3 pl. of efw8a. (See in Vocabulary.)

1, 71. émi tertdpwv, ‘four deep,’ lit. ‘on a base of four? So éat pas,
‘in single file.’ :

1. 75. Teraypévor, perf. part. pass. nom. pl. masc. of rar.

1, 78. ék-KexaAvppévas, perf. part. pass. acc. pl. fem. of é«-xadbara.

I1O WO TES.

It means ‘unpacked’ from the cases in which the dowides, or large
shields, were always carried on the march,

l. 79. otqoas, I aor. part. act. nom. sing. masc. of torn (stem ota-)
‘having placed,’ or ‘ placing.’ Cp. 1. 205 n.

1. 82. mpo-BadréoOat ta SrrAa, ‘to advance their arms,’ i. e. hold their
shields in front of them, at the same time couching their lances, in
readiness for a charge. IlIpo-BadéoOa: is the 2 aor. infin. mid. of
mpo-Baddhw (stem Bad-).

ém-tévat, pres. infin. of ér-enpt, ‘I advance.’

1, 85. €« tovrov, sc. ypdvoy, lit. ‘from this time,’ i.e. ‘ after this,’ Lat.
inde. So é€ od, ‘from which (time),’ ‘since,’ Lat. e# quo; év @, ‘during
which (time), ‘ while.’

™po-Lovtes, pres. part. nom. mase. pl. of mpd-eruet, ‘I go forward.’

1. 88. ot €k THs Gyopas hevyovoris short for of év 7H dyopa pevyovow e€
auras, ‘those who were in the market flee out of it” We cannot translate
‘they flee from the market,’ because the article of makes of-ék-7i}s-d-yopas
all one word. Cp. 1. 109 n.

kata-Aurdévres, 2 aor. part. nom. masc. pl. of Kara-Aeinw (stem Atr-),

ll. go, g!. iotoa, iSav, part. nom. sing. fem. and masc. of ¢dov,
the 2 aor. with pres. épaw.

1. 92. doByjoat, 1 aor. infin. act. of poBéw.

1. 95. lévat, pres infin. of eu, ‘I go.’

1. 96. Baovdéa. Cp. 1. 21 n. .

]. 100. 6p@vres, pres. part. nom. pl. masc. of dpdw, contracted
from épdovres.

1. lol, owwrdovy, 3 pl. pres. ind. of craw contracted from ciwmdovow.
For the added v cp. 1. 23 n.

1. 103. wap-otov, dat. pl. masc. of map-dy, pres. part. of mdp-exps
(sum).

€-yév-ero, 2nd aor. of yiyvopya, (stem yev-).

1. 104. €-ripy-oe, Ist aor. of Tipd-w, future Tipy-ow.

€-8w-«e, Ist aor. of didw-p. (stem o-), future dw-ow, but Ist aor, €-5w-Ka.
[So ri-Oy-py, Ist aor. €-On-xa, i-n-pe, Ist aor. 7-Ka}.

1. 105. €-5amdv-wv, imperf. of daravd-w, contracted from é-dandva-ov,

1. 106. €-mroAdun-oa, Ist aor. of moAepué-w, future morcuH-ow.

1, 107. Opdxas, i.e. the Thracians upon the Hellespont and the
Propontis. Cp. 1. 30.

&péd-ovv, imperf. of &pedé-w, contracted from dpérc-ov.

1, 108. é-KdA-e, imperf. of xadé-w, contracted from é-«dAe-e,

€-ropevd-pyy, imperf. of mopevo-pya, the middle of moped-w.

1. 109. dedoinyv, pres. opt. of @pedréw, cp. IIT. 133 n.

Tav-mpds-ene-evepyertav. All that comes between the article and
its noun (as mpds-éue here comes between ray and evepyeoiav) is

I. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON. II!

equivalent to an epithet of the noun (cp. 1. 88 n.). There may be only
one word between, as 6 TOTe méAeuos, ‘the war at that time,’ lit. ‘the
then war’ (cp. 1V. 124n.); or there may be two or more words, as here.
A Greek could say 6-7@v- A@nvaiwy-npos-Tovs-AaxeSatpovtous-év-TeXomov-
vyow-moAepos, ‘the war of the Athenians with the Lacedaemonians in
the Peloponnesus,’ where all that comes between 6 and mdéAepos serves
as a description of the war.

1. 111. mpo-5évrt, dat. sing. masc. of mpo-Sods, 2nd aor. part. act.
of mpo-d5iSwpu (stem So-).

1.115, €mec@ar épol, ‘follow me (as your leader),’ but €popar ovv
tptv, ‘follow on an equality with you,

1.117. Gv etvar, ‘that I am likely to be.’ The direct efnv dy, ‘I should
be,’ is expressed after ofoya by the infinitive dy «iva.

1. 118. dSHeAfoat, rst aor. infin. act. of dpedréo.

‘Loirg. édéac@at, 1st aor. infin, mid. of dréfw.

tore iévta. A participle is used after verbs of knowing or perceiving,
to express a fact; thus ofja abrdv dvra means, ‘I know ¢hat he is,’
but ofa efvat would mean, ‘I know how to be.’ [If the participle
refers to the subject of the verb, it is put in the nom., as oléa dy, ‘1
know that Z am.’]

1. 120, etm-ev, 2nd aor. from stem éw-. The present is supplied by
nui. There is a letter lost before é#- which=fem-, hence the aug-
ment does not turn this into 77-, but into ¢Fea-=elz-, So €ropm, ‘to
follow,’ imperf. eizéunv.

1. 121. én-qvecayv, Ist aor. of én-avé-w, future -éow. The augmented
q stands for e+ at, the € combining with a to make y, and the t being
written underneath or ‘ subscript.’

For Xenias and Pasion cp. 1. 165 and following lines.

] -123; é-ctparomeSev-cavro, Ist aor. mid. of orparomedev-ov.

1. 124. pet-e-méy-ero, imperf. mid. of pera-réur-w. ;

1. 125. 7@ed-ev, imperf. of ¢6éA-w. The augmented y is herc e+e.

€-ey-e, imperf. of Aéy-w.

1. 126. é-«éAeu-e, imperf. of KeAev-w.

1. 127. odK-78eXev, to be taken as one word =‘ refused.’

1. 128. Distinguish pera tatra, ‘ after these things, from peta tovTwv,
‘ with these.’

ovv-ayayov, 2nd aor. part. act. of cvv-dya,

é-heE-e, 1st aor. of A€y-w, future A€t-w, a

1. 133. €tpevo-pat, perf. pass., with an active meaning, of pebd-a,
future mid. Yev-copa, perf. pass. é-pevo-par (= €-Wevd-pa),

1. 134. ém-Oq pou Sicny, ‘may punish me,’ lit. ‘place a penalty on me.’
Lat. imponere poenas. @p, is the subj. of stem Qe-, reduplicated into
present 7i-Oy-y,

I12 NEO AGES.

1.135. 4Stxq-o8at, perf. pass. infin, of d-dieé-w, future -jow, perf.
7)-5ikn-ka, perf. pass. 7-5ien-pa. Here the augmented y=e+a. This
is formed from the adjective aéimos; verbs formed from compound
nouns generally end in -ew.

1. 141. ovve.., oSevds. Two or more negatives in Greek do not make
an affirmative, as in modern English, but a stronger negative. Cp. II. sgn.
Compare the early or more natural English, which is now vulgar, e. g.
‘TI don't know nothing ;’ so this does not mean ‘not none’ but ‘not
any.’

1. 147. petd tattra, Cp. 1]. 128 n.

1. 148. Ypet-wv, imperf. of épwra-w, contracted from jpwra-ov. The
augmented y here =e +e.

1. 149. at-explvaro, Ist aor. mid. of dzo-xpive, future dmo-xptv-d, Ist
aor. dn-€-Kpiv-a,

1. 151. Tipwpyodpeda, ‘we will punish.” Distinguish the active with
the dative tipwpiw co, ‘I take vengeance for you,’ i.e. ‘defend you,’
from the middle with the accusative timwpéopai oe, ‘I avenge myself
upon you,’ i.e. ‘punish you.’ Cp. duvvac@a, II]. 55 n.

1. 153. mwepOevres, Ist aor. pass. part. nom. pl. of réura,

1. 154. bm-amrev-ov, imperf. of b1-orred-w, (w =€ + 0).

1. 155. €-86x-e, imperf. of 50*é-w, contracted from é-ddxe-e,

1. 156. etwev. Cp 1. 120n.

1.158. éoxatny, ‘last,’ i.e. ‘furthermost.’ Lat. extremus. Issi was
close to the boundary between Cilicia and Syria.

1. 159. wap-jeav, 3rd pl. of map-nv, imperf. of map-eyu. Lat. ad-sum.

1,161. Spp-ovv, imperf. of dppé-w, contracted from @ppe-ov. Dis-
tinguish éppé-w, ‘1 anchor,’ from éppzd-w, ‘I start,’ of which the imperf.
is @ppa-ov contracted @pp-av.

1, 162. qKou-ce, Ist aor. of dxov-w, future dxot-cw, (y=€ +4).

1. 163. a@m-hAauve, imperf. of d-eAavv-w, (y=€+€).

1. 164. etx-e, imperf. of é€x-w. For the augmented form, cp. «fmoy,
1, 120 n,

é-Aéy-ero, imperf. pass. of Aéy-w. See]. 125 n.

1. 168. aa-émAev-cav, Ist aor. of dwo-mAé-w, future dro-nA€b-copa,
Here again the v is the letter lost in the present, for whé-w = AEF -w,
i.e. ‘plevo’ or ‘ plew-o.’

1. 169. @x-ovro, 2nd aor. of oix-opa, (p=e+01). Distinguish
@x-dunv 2nd aor. of ofxopa, ‘I am gone,’ from @x«.ouv imperf. of oixéw,
*I dwell.’

1,172. dwo-Se5pdxaovy, perf. of dwo-5:-5pa-cxw, ‘run away’ (stem Spa-),

dtro-nehevyact, 2nd perf. of dwo-pevy-w. *Amo-di:5paoxew means ‘to
get away,’ so as not to be found, dro-petyey, ‘to get away,’ so as not to
be caught. You cannot get hold of either, but you may know where

I, THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON, 113

the one man is, and you don’t know where the other is. Hence the one
is used specially of enemies who escape to their own country, the other
of slaves who keep in hiding. &

1. 175. ot dv, ‘whoever.’ “Av added to the relative makes the sense
general and indefinite, so that ds dv=édy tts or dams. As dv cannot go
with the subjunctive, it must be considered to belong to the pronoun, not
to the verb. “Av adds the force ‘in any case,’ expressed by ‘ever’
in ‘whoever,’ etc.

1. 176. eSdres, nom. pl. of eiSds, part. of of5a.

1. 179. ouv-e-tropev-ovro, imperf. of cup-ropet-ona. The v of adr,
which was changed to p before the m of the present, to make it easier
to pronounce, is replaced before the augment e.

éx tovrou, ‘after this,’ lit. ‘out of this.’ "Ex properly denotes the
result or consequence which proceeds out of or follows an action,

1, 180. peta tattra. Cp. 1. 128 n.

1, 182. €vowro, 3rd sing. fut. opt. of eit (sum).

1. 183. Here péyav is added to BaoiAda. Cp. 1. 23 n.

é-kéXeu-ce, I aor. act. of eAev-w.

1, 185. é-xadématv-ov, imperf. of xademalv-w.

ovk-79eXov, ‘refused,’ as in 1. 127.

1. 187. én-éox-ero, 2nd aor. of in-tcx-vé-opat, “Ioy-w is another form
of €x-w (originally oéx-w, whence é-cx-ov, ox7-ow, etc.). The syllable
-ve- is added to the present, making -tcy-vé-ouar, which is only used in
compounds, as im-tcx-vé-opar. [Presents with v, av, ve, are called
nasalized presents, because the present is distinguished from the stem
by having v added to it, i.e. being more or less pronounced through
the nose].

1, 189. é-metioOy-cav, Ist aor. pass. from 7eid-w, future qei-ow (for
mei9-ow), Ist aor. pass. é-weic-Onv (for é-meid-Onv).

1. 195. €-Stwk-ov, imperf. of diwx-.

1. 196. mpo-Spapévres, part. mase. pl. of mpo-é5papov, 2nd aor. with
pres. mpo-7péxw.

€-ord-cav, pluperf. of i-orn-~:, shortened form from the stem ora-.
Distinguish éoracay from éotyoav, which may be the Ist or 2nd aor.
according as the meaning is ¢ransitive or intransitive. Cp. 1. 204 n.

€-tTpex-ov, imperf. of rpéx-w.

1. 198. €-trot-ouv, imperf. of moé-w, contracted from é-moie-ov, ‘they
used to do,’ or ‘ would do.’

tavrév, neut. of 6 airds (compressed into abrds), ‘the same.’ Though
the neut. of adros is aid, tadrov is a far commoner form than radrd.

1. 201. €AaB-ev, 2nd aor. of Aa-y-B-dv-w, of which the stem is AaB-,
but the letter » and the syllable -av- are inserted in the present,
which is thus doubly ‘nasalized.’ Cp. 1. 187 n.

1

114 NOTES,

1. 202. éf-épevy-ov, imperf. of éx-pevy-w, the é« passing into é before
the augment, because it is easier to pronounce.

1. 203. aipopévats, ‘raised,’ pass. part. pres. from aip-w, agreeing with
mréputty. Distinguish afp-w, ‘I lift up,’ future dp-@, Ist aor. jpa, perf.
jp-xa, from atpé-w, ‘I take,’ future alpn-ow, perf. ypn-Ka.

1. 205. av-otat{y, ‘put up’ or ‘start’ them. In fornm the pres.,
imperf., fut. and 1st aor. are transitive tenses, meaning to ‘place’ or
‘make to stand ;’ the rest are intransitive, meaning to ‘stand,

1. 208. am-d-ero, 2nd aor. mid. of dA-Avju (stem 6d-).

l. 209. ém-é-Au-ev, 2nd aor. of ém-Aeln-w (stem Atw-).

aité 1d otpateupa, ‘the army itself,’ Lat. ipse exercitus. TO abrd
o7parevpa would mean ‘the same army,’ Lat. idem exercitus,

€-5uva-vro, imperf. of évva-yar (stem Suva-).

1, 211. RAavv-e. Cp. 1. 163 n

1. 213. kat 84 more, ‘on one occasion indeed.’ The 57 emphasises this
as a remarkable instance of Cyrus’ hurry to get on.

1, 214. ém-ords, 2 aor. part. act. of ép-iornut.

1, 215. é-KéAeu-ce: cp. 1. 183 n.

1. 216, €-56k-ovv, imperf. of 5o«é-w, contracted from é-dé«e-ov.

1. 218. i801, 3 sing. opt. of ov, 2 aor. with pres. épam,

Pépos tm, ‘a specimen.’ Lit. ‘a portion’ of anything chosen as a
sample.

1. 219. t¥s evratias. Observe the force of the article,—‘ their usual
good order.’

1. 220. €-omev5-ov, imperf. of crev5-w.

Spapdvres. Cp. 1. 196 n.

€-rux-ov, 2nd aor. of ru-y-x-dv-w (stem tux-). In the pres. the letter Y
(for v before x) and the syllable -av are inserted; in fact the present is
doubly nasalized. Cp. 1. 187 n

1, 221. éoryxértes. nom. pl. of the ‘pert. part. act. of iornus.

eix-ov. Cp. 1. 164 n.

1. 224. é§-e-xdpt-oav, Ist aor. act. of éx-topi(-w, fut. éx-xopt-ow (contr.
xom@). The é« becomes é before the vowel e.

1, 225. €-alv-ero, imperf. mid. of paiv-w.

1, 226, eixdl-ero, imperf. mid. of eixd-(w. Ex: sometimes takes the
augmented form n (as 7xa{-ov), but generally does not change.

iaa7. é-xat-ov, imperf. of kai-w.

1, 229. etw-ev. Cp. 1. 120 n.

1. 230. KwAvoeev, 3rd sing. 1st aor. opt. of xwAvw.

1. 231. to kaiev, ‘from burning.’ For the article with the infin.
cp. 1. 24 n.

é-8éx-a. Cp. 1. 155 n.

1. 232. éxéAev-cev. Cp. |. 183 n.

- I. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON, 115

1, 234. n€ou, 3rd sing. fut. opt. of #rw.

1. 236. @-ero, imperf. of of-ona, (@=€ +01.)

1. 241. O€o0a Ta StrAa, lit. ‘place their arms’ (on the ground) i.e.
‘to stand under arms.’ Whenever Greek soldiers halted, they rested
their heavy shields and spears on the ground ; hence 0éa@a dmAa means
not only ‘to lay down arms for the night,’ but often simply ‘to ground
arms,’ ‘to halt,’ or ‘to stand ready.’

1. 242. €-tol-noav, Ist aor. of mo-éw, fut. ror-now.

|. 243. tap-e-KdAece, Ist aor. of mapa-nadré-w, fut. -éow.

1. 244. €€-7AGev, 2nd aor. from the stem -eA9-, the pres. being supplied
by -épx-ona. [So in English the pres. ‘go’ has its past ‘went’
supplied from ‘to wend.’]

éef-nyyctA-e, Ist aor. of éf-ayyéAA-o, fut. éf-ayyed-@, Ist aor. éf-yyetr-a,
the € being lengthened into a. [The stem is GyyeA-, as in dyyeA-os, ‘a
messenger,’ whence our ‘ angel.’]

1. 245, €-yév-ero. Cp. 1. 103 n.

€-py, imperf. of @n-yi (stem ¢a-). [Lat. ‘Zari,’ whence fatum and
fama.

1. 247. tap-exddeoa, Cp 1 243 n.

1, 248. tourov-t, This final t is called the demonstrative iota; it
serves to point out a person more distinctly. Cp. Lat. ‘ hic-es, French
‘celui-ci.”, The nom. is obroa-i,

1. 249. €-Bw-xKe. Cp. 1. 104 n.

1. 251, €odkéuy-oev. Cp. 1. 106 n.

emotnoca. Cp. 1. 242 n.

1. 252, &AaB-ov. Cp. 1. 201 n.

1. 253. peta tratra. Cp. 1.128 n.

ASixy-oa, Ist aor. of d-dixé-w, fut. ddicn-ow. (=e +4.)

1, 254. am-expiv-aro. Cp. 1. 149 n.

joikqoe. Lit. ‘injured him,’ but in English ‘had injured him,
Where one past tense depends on another past tense, in English we
mark it as doubly past by using ‘had,’ the pluperfect. In Greek this is
left to the intelligence of the reader. Here Orontes would say to
Cyrus, ‘You did me no wrong,’ and Clearchus, reporting his words,
leaves the ¢ense unaltered. Cp. II. 118 n.

1. 255. Hper-a. Cp. 1. 148 n.

amro-oras, 2nd aor. part. of dp-lornm.

1. 256. é-ot-as. Cp. 1. 198 n.

é-py. Cp. 1. 245 n.

me-Troin-Kevat, perf. inf. act. of mo-éw,

1. 259. Gpoddy-e, imperf. of duodroy-éw, contracted from dpoddy-ec.
(w=€+0.)

1, 261. dSucnGeis, lit. ‘having been injured,’ here ‘ [through] being

12

116 NOTES,

injured,’ i.e. ‘was it because you were injured,’ etc. A Greek participle,
without the article, must often be translated by a conjunction, such as
‘when,’ ‘if,’ ‘because,’ etc., with the indic. mood of the verb; so this
= 671 751K76ys. What conjunction has to be supplied from the participle
must depend on the sense of the passage.

1. 262. ovS€év. The accus. of respect after 75:«70n, ‘was injured in
nothing,’ i.e. ‘was not at all injured.’

1, 263. nSiKy-On, 1st aor. pass. of d-Six-éw. Cf. 1. 254 n. on 4Sixn-ce.

Hpaoty-oev, ist aor. of épwr-dw, fut. épwry-ow. (n=eE+ €.)

1. 264. ye-yevq-o8at, perf. pass. infin, of yi-yv-opa: (stem yev-), fut.
yev-1) copa,

ll. 266, 267. yevéo@ar, yevotpyv, 2nd aor. infin. and opt. of yiyvopa,

1. 268. Sdkatpt, Ist aor. opt. act. of doxéw.

1. 269. map-otow., Cp. 1. 103 n.

1, 270, ar6-pyv-at, Ist aor. mid. imper. of dro-paiv-w, fut. dmo-pav-d,
Ist aor. dm-é-pnv-a, [Distinguish by the accent (1) ddé-pynv-a, Ist aor,
mid. imper., (2) dmo-phvat, 1st aor. act, infin.)

1. 272. ddaviferv, ‘put out of the way,’ lit. ‘ cause to disappear’ (from
4, ‘not,’ and gav- root of paiv-ecda:, ‘to appear’), Tlence a milder way
of saying ‘to kill.’

1. 273. &€p, subjunctive of the impersonal verb de?, Verbs in -éw of
two syllables only contract the syllables e+¢€ and €+e, as mAée, Aci,
mAée, wAEt: but mAéw, TA€ovaL, TAEH, etc., remain uncontracted.

dvAdtrecOar, act. ‘to guard,’ mid. ‘to guard against’ or ‘ward off
{from ourselves],’ i.e. ‘be on our guard against.’ Cp, IIT. 91 n.

1. 275. Distinguish tata for 7a adrd, from 6 adros, ‘the same things,’
from tatta, neut. pl. of otros, ‘ these things.’

1. 276. €X\aBov ris Cevys, ‘took hold of the girdle,’ (wns being the
gen. of the part laid hold of. “EAaBoy tiv (wvnv would be ‘ took’ or
‘received the girdle.’

émi Oavary, lit.‘ with a view to, or “as a sign of” death. Taking
hold of a man’s girdle was a sign that he was doomed to death.

1. 277. teraypévor. Cp. 1. 75 n.

ef-fy-ov, imperf. of éf-dy-w. Distinguish jy-ov, the imperf. from
Hy ay-ov, the 2nd aor. of dyw. (y=e+a.)

1. 278, eis-nvéx-Oy, Ist aor. pass. from the stem -évex-, to which
(els)-p€pw supplies the present.

1. 279. ovSeis—otre. For the multiplied negatives in Greek cp. 1. 141,
II. 59 n.

1. 280, ¢i8-ev, 2nd aor. from stem t8-, i.e. Fub-. Cp. Lat. vid-eo,
Eng. ‘to wit.” The augment e marks the lost letter F (since d=
fd); dpd-w supplies the present, meaning the continuous process of
seeing or ‘watching’ a thing; the aorist implying the momentary act

I. THE MARCH TOWARDS BABYLON, 117

of seeing, in the sense of ‘to catch sight of, ‘espy,’ ‘see at a
glance.’

te-Ovnxora, perf. part. acc. sing. masc. of OyjoKe.

1. 281. €-dv-n, 2nd aor. pass. of paiv-w (stem pav-).

1. 284. peydAou BactAéws. Cp. Il. 182 and 22 n.

am-nyyéAA-ov, imperf. of dw-ayyéAA-w (stem ayyeA-). (1 =€ +4.)

1, 286. é-Odpovv-ev, imperf. of Oapabv-w.

ll. 289, 296. yéveoOe, yevnoGe, 2nd pl. imperat. and subj. of the 2nd
aor. of yiyvopat.

1. 290. js, instead of fv éxere. What is a relative sentence? It is
simply a long adjective. As adjectives agree in case with their sub-
stantives, the Greeks make the relative do the same. The relative then
is said to be ‘attracted’ into the case of its antecedent, i.e. is made to
agree with its antecedent in case, as well as in gender, number, and
person. To avoid confusion, this is only done when the relative would
otherwise have been in the accusative. Cp. avti mavrav av éxw in the
next line, and the English ‘instead of what I have.’

1. 293. €w-taot, ‘will advance. Remember that ef, though present
in form, has a future meaning, ‘I will go.’ [The t of the stem appears
also in Lat. i-re.]

1, 294. ava-oxnoGe (2nd aor. subj. mid. of dv-éxw), ‘endure;’ lit.
‘hold yourselves up against.’ Lat. sustinere.

1. 295. 54 emphasises aicytvopa, ‘1 am quite ashamed.’

aigytvopat A€ywv, ‘I am quite ashamed when I tell you;’ [aioxvvopa
Aéyetv would mean ‘I am ashamed to tell you,’ and therefore do not tell
you, or in other words, ‘shame prevents me from telling you.’] Cp. note
on dbduenfels 1. 261. :

1. 298. ofkot, ‘at home’ (Lat. domi); the old Jocative or ‘ place-at-
which’ case, answering to the question where? [Distinguish otxot, ‘at
home,’ from oixor, ‘ houses,’ nom. pl. of ofxos.]

1. 300, ete. Cp. 1. 156 n.

kal pry, ‘certainly.’ Kal piy is literally ‘and indeed :’ it generally
introduces something new, and means ‘moreover’ or ‘yet.’ Here it
introduces a new speaker, who has an objection to make,

1, 302. pe-pvq-cecOar, the paulo-post fut. or fut. perf. of pi-pvq-cnw
(stem pva-), but as the perf. pass. wé-yvn-pat has a present meaning, ‘I
remember’ (lit. ‘I have called to mind’), peywyoopa is used as a simple
future. In Latin also the perf. memini and the fut. meminero are used
in the same way.

1. 303. duvato, 2nd sing. pres. opt. of Svvapat.

1. 304. am-expiv-atro, Cp. 1. 149 n.

1. 313. €&-HyyeAA-ov. Cp. 1. 284 n.

bagra: Hjp-ero, 2nd aor. of €p-opat, ‘I ask’ (instead of which épwrd-w

118 NOTES.

is used). Distinguish jjp-ero, 2nd aor. of épopa, ‘ask; gpero, imperf.
mid. of aipw, ‘lift up;’ and yjperro, imperf. mid. of aipéw, ‘take.’

1. 315. paxetoOat, What tense of waxoua is this? See in Voca-
bulary.

é-gy. Cp. 1. 245 n.

1, 318. €-yév-ero. Cp. 1. 103 n.

1. 319. Tav-peta-Kipov_BapBapwv. The article ray makes an adjective
of the words between it and its noun BapBdpwr. Cp, 1. 109 n.

1, 321. @-Aێy-ovto. Cp. 1. 164 n.

1, 322. mapa Tovrous, ‘besides these.’ Mapa with the accus. signifies
getting beside a thing, or passing by it, and hence ‘going beyond it.’
Hence mapa ravra means ‘ besides this,’ ‘ moreover,’ Lat. praeterea.

1. 323. Hpx-ev, imperf. of dpx-w, ‘I rule’ or ‘command.’ (y=€+a.)

1. 324. ovy-teraypévw. Cp. 1. 75 n.

wero, Cp. 1. 236 n.

1. 326. €-pax-ero, imperf. of wax-opas.

Sia oAAG@v fpepav, ‘during several days.’ Avra signifies division into
parts, hence an interval of time.

1, 327. torepaig. The feminine ending shows that 7épq is under-
stood. So 7 mporepaia, ‘the day before.’

é-mropev-eto. Cp. 1. 108 n.

CHAT LEK ik

THE BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS.

(The name Cunaxa is given by Plutarch, not by Xenophon. It was
on the Euphrates, about forty miles north-west of Babylon.)

1. 5. dvd xpatos, ‘at full speed,’ lit. ‘ according to one’s full strength.’

Stt Baorheds mpos-épxerat, ‘that the king was coming.’ But the
Greeks use 67 before a direct speech, though we use our corresponding
word ‘that’ only before an indirect. “Ort (6 71) is really a relative, so
that A€ywy br, etc. means ‘saying that which follows,’ viz. ‘the king is
coming.’

1. 13. peta totrov, ‘afer him’ or ‘next to him.’ Distinguish this
from pera rovrov, which would mean ‘ with him,’

1. 21. xadxés tis €Aapme, lit. ‘some brass was shining,’ i.e. ‘there
was a gleaming of brass.’ Note the force of the imperfects éyiyvovro
and kat-epaivovro, ‘began to come’ and ‘began to be visible.’

II, BATTLE OF CUNAXA AND ITS RESULTS. 119

1. 24. éxdpevor, ‘next to these,’ lit. ‘holding on to.’ “Exw is ‘T have’
or ‘hold,’ éyouat (with gen.) intrans. ‘I hold on to’ a thing, i.e. ‘I
follow’ or ‘am next to.’

1. 27. dtro-rerapéva, perf. pass. part. from dmo-reivw, The v of the
stem tev- is dropped, and the e changed to a, as in €-omap-xa, €-onap-pat.
Thus we get ré-ra-xa, Té-ra-par. [Eng. ‘ ¢en-sion,’ ‘ten-don.’]

1. 34. metounkapev, the perf. instead of the fut., speaking as if the
thing were already done, ‘if we beat the centre, we have won the
day.’

otk 7OeAev, etc. The Greeks were always afraid of leaving their
right or unshielded side without protection. Here this over-caution on
the part of Clearchus lost the battle.

1, 41. Hpero, 2nd aor. from époya: (pres. épwrdw). Cp, I. 314 n.

1, 43. GopvBou, the gen. of the source from which the sound proceeds.
When dove has a double object, it takes the accus. of the thing heard,
and the gen. of the person from whom you hear it; as dxovw radrd cou,
‘I hear these things from you.’

1. 46. 6t map-épxetar. See note on bre mpos-épxerar, 1. 5.

1. 48. S€xopar tov oiwvdv, Lat. omen accipio. Cyrus accepts the
words ‘ Preserver’ and ‘ Victory’ as an omen of success.

1. 50. mpo-npxovro, imperf. of mpo-épxoua. "Hpxdynv in form might
also be the imperf. of dpxopa, ‘I begin;’ the sense decides.

1. 53. katd Kpdtos, ‘at full speed,’ lit. ‘according to one’s (full)
strength,’ the same as dvd xpdros,l.5. [Though dvd and «ard have
originally opposite meanings, wp and down, they come to the same
thing, when the idea is simply that of motion along a given line and
towards a given point; if this point is not local, they both come to mean
‘in the way of’ or ‘through.’]

1, 54. Octv Spdpo, ‘to run fast,’ lit.‘at a run.’ The addition of a word
of similar meaning adds force to the verb; thus ¢dBov poBetaGar, ‘ to be
sore afraid.’ Cp. the Lat. cursim currere.

1. 59. ov8&—otSeis—ovSév. Two or more negatives in Greek do not
make an affirmative, as in English, but a stronger negative. Thus ovd¢
ovdels is ‘not even a single one.’ Cp. I. 141, 279 n. In older English
negatives used to be multiplied thus, as in Chaucer’s Prologue 251
‘There nas (was not) xo man nowhere so virtuous.’

1, 70. &s kuKAdowv, ‘ with intent to enclose,’ lit. ‘as about to enclose.’
‘Os with the fut. part. denotes a purpose.

1.77. wat-edelpOnoav. Distinguish erclpdnv, ist aor. pass. of Aci,
from ¢AjPéOnv, Ist aor. pass. of AapBavea.

l. 79. Notice the historical presents éatver, nate, TrTpwoKEL, marking
the rapidity with which all this was done. With this rash act of Cyrus
compare the conduct of Pelopidas at the battle of Cynoscephalae, 8. c.

120 NOTES.

364, when, enraged at the sight of his hated enemy, Alexander of Pherae,
he rushed upon him, and thus met his death (Plutarch, Life of Pelo-
pidas).

1. 83. 6 pév otv Kipos, ‘Cyrus, as we have said.’ The pev contrasts
Kopos with of 5 BapBapo following, the owv, ‘then’ or ‘in fact,’ (cp. I.
6 n.) refers back to what has been just related. Mev may often be
translated ‘while’ or ‘ whereas.’

1.91. yo8ovto, Distinguish yo@épuny, 2nd aor. of alc@avopat, ‘I per-
ceive,’ from #06nv, Ist aor. pass. of #50ua, ‘I am pleased.’

1. 99. €otyoay, 3rd pl. of éorny, intrans., and therefore the 2d aor.
of icrnj. The same word might also be the 3rd pl. of éornaa, the
1st aor. of torn, and would then mean ‘they placed.’ In torn the
2nd aor. and the perf. with the pluperf. are intransitive, the other tenses
are transitive.

Aodos, probably an artificial mound, as there are no natural hills on
the Babylonian plain.

1. 105. dvd kpatos. See note onl. 5.

év TOUT, sc. xpdvw. Cp. note on éx Tovrov, I. 85.

1, 108. teOvyKora, ‘that he was dead.’ The Greeks used the participle
after verbs of knowing, feeling, perceiving, and the like, to express the
fact known or felt. In Latin it would be nesctebant eum mortuum esse
(accus. and infin.) [Of5a with the infin. means ‘I know how to,’ as
oda (av, ‘I know how to live.’]

1. 118. @ppyoavro, ‘had started.” The Greek aorist in a minor
sentence must often be rendered by the English pluperfect. Here Glus
and Procles would say, ‘ Ariaeus is at the station, whence we started
yesterday ;’ the Greek historian, reporting their words, keeps the
aorist ‘started,’ where we should alter it to ‘had started.’ Cp. L.
254 0.

1,125. etrov Sm Kedevear, ‘that the king commanded. For 6&1
introducing a direct speech, see note on 7 BactAeds mpos-épxerat,
1. 5.

1, 128. qpero. Cp. I. 314 n.

1. 133. om@ferOar, middle voice, ‘ to save yourselves.

1. 135. mAelovos dfvor, ‘more valuable,’ lit. ‘worth more,’ mAcfoves
(comparative of moAAov) being the gen. of price. The phrase moAAod
dgios may generally be translated by one word, ‘ valuable,’ ‘ serviceable,’
or ‘ useful.’

1, 142. eiware, the imperative of elma, 1st aor. The 2nd aor. elzov is
more commonly used.

1. 144. Tavra Gmep, ‘the same as,’ Lat. eadem quae. Cp. I. 275 n.
for the difference between raird and raira.

I. 149. Remember that pévovow may be another part of the verb,

III, BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 121

besides the 3rd pl. pres. indic. So also da-cotor and mpo-ioto.w in the
next line.

1. 158, etarovro, imperf. of €7-opa, ‘I follow.’ The augment e marks
a lost letter, which reappears in Lat. ‘seq-uor.’ Distinguish this from
eim-ov, 2nd aor. from stem ém- (pres. pnt), ‘I say.’

CARA PE Bak 2k

BEGINNING OF EHE: RETREAT:

], 11, KypuKas wept omovdav, sc. Aéyev (1. 15). Thus we say, ‘1
came about so and so,’ i.e. ‘ to talk about it.’

1, 13. knpvkwv. The gen. of the person after dxovoas, ‘ after hearing
[their statements from] the heralds.’ Cp. II. 43 n.

1,15. dptotov. This might be (1) dporov, ‘ breakfast,’ (2) dpearov
neut. of dpiaros, ‘ best.’ The sense decides.

1, 22. émoGo-pudAakdv, pres. part. of dmoGo-puvdakéw. Compounds
not made with prepositions are formed from nouns already compounded,
and generally end in-éw. Thus dmo@o-pvdAaxéw comes from the noun
dmobo-pvaAag, vav-paxéw from vav-paxos, etc. Prepositions usually form
compounds with the simple verbs, as xara-pudAdoow, mpos-paxopat,

1, 26. émeotate. This is formed from the noun émordrns, which is
already compounded ; so being formed from a noun it ends in -éw (see
the last note). “E¢-lornu is the compound of ém and iornmt.

1, 28. €mave, imperf. ‘he would strike him,’ i.e. as often as there was
occasion to do so.

1, 32. wat, ‘also’ (as well as the younger men). Beware of translating
«al by ‘and,’ when it does not couple words or sentences. If so translated
here it would couple mpos-eAduBavov with épwy, and make it governed
by ézet, thus leaving the sentence without any principal verb, which
would make nonsense. Cp. I. 21 n.

1. 36. éyxépadov, the part [within the «epady or ‘ head’), i.e. the
‘cabbage’ (as it is called) of the palm-tree ; a sort of bud at the top of
the tree, containing the rudiments of its future leaves, enclosed in the
foot-stalks of the actual leaves. This part was edible as well as the
fruit or date.

1. 41. yelrwv, ‘a neighbour,’ as satrap of the west coast of Asia
Minor.

122 NOTES.

1. 42. jrovpyy, imperf. mid. of airéw. [Observe that alréw is ‘I ask
for a thing,’ épwraw, ‘I ask a question.’ |}

1. 44. Ekew pot xaptv, ‘will thank me.’ “Exew xdpwv, ‘to have’ or
‘feel gratitude.’ Lat. habere gratiam.

i. 50. €v dmépois, neut. plur. adj. used substantively, ‘in difficul-
ties.’

1. 55. &ptvew in the active is ‘to ward off’ a thing, as duivew xaxov
rut. The middle dpvvec@a is ‘to ward off an enemy from oneself,’ so
generally to ‘ punish’ an enemy, with acc. of person, as here.

1.57. pevovtwv might be (1) gen. plur. of participle, (2) 3rd person
plur. imperative. The sense decides.

1. 60. } phy, ‘in very truth,’ used before the words of a solemn
oath.

1. 67. émevSav = éwerd) bv, ‘as soon as.’ Compounds of dy (as éray,
émedav, éav, etc.) take the subjunctive ; with the aorist they have the
force of ‘shall have.’

1. 72. py ov mortds ein, ‘ lest he should be faithless.’ The od belongs
to moaros, ob-maros being equivalent to dmaros.

1. 75. Sofopev, ‘we shall be thought,’ lit. ‘we shall seem.’ The per-
sonal verb Soxéw means (1) ‘I think,’ (2) ‘I seem,’ i.e. ‘1 am thought.’

mapa Tas omovdds, ‘contrary to the truce.’ Mapa, ‘ by the side of,’
often with acc., means ‘ passing by,’ ‘ going beside the mark,’ ‘neglect-
ing’ or ‘ transgressing,’ hence ‘ contrary to.’

émetta, ‘then’ or ‘after this.’ Distinguish from émet, ‘ when.’

1. 77. AeAetiperat, ‘will have been left,’ i.e. ‘ we shall have no friend
left. The paulo-post future, or future-perfect, implies that the action or
event will be completed at a future time. Here the idea is, when that
time comes, we shall find ourselves without friends.

1. 85. trotfjoat Ta mord dmova, lit. ‘to make his faithful things
faithless,” i.e. ‘ falsify his pledges.’

l. 91. €pvAartovro GAAtAous, ‘kept on their guard against each
other.’ The act. ¢uAdrrev is ‘to guard’ or ‘ protect’ anyone (Lat.
cavere alicui), the mid. puAdrrec@a: is ‘to guard oneself against’ anyone
(Lat. cavere aliquem).

1. 92. 76 MnSias tetxos, ‘the wall of Media,’ so called because it was
built to keep the Medes out of Babylonia (so the ‘ Picts’ Wall’ was to
prevent incursions of the Picts): see opposite page. The wall of Media
was situated about 100 miles N.W. of Babylon, and must originally have
extended from the Tigris to the Euphrates; but at this time there was
a considerable gap in the wall at the western or Euphrates end.
Tissaphernes must therefore have first led the Greeks some sixty miles
mn a homeward (or north-westerly) direction, through this gap to the
north side of the wall, then have brought them back shrough the wall

ITI. BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 123

into Babylonia again (etow rod relyous), and lastly led them about
twenty-four miles eastward to Sittace on the Tigris?.

1. 98. 6vopa, ‘by name,’ the accus. of respect. Caenae would be on
the right or west bank of the Tigris, since it was the opposite side to
ee Greeks, who were marching northwards, with the river on their
eit,

1, 100, Zatdrav (or ZaBdray) wotapdv, now the Great Zab, or Upper
Zab, one of the chief tributaries of the Tigris on the east.

1. 105, px abteqoev depends on Spxous, ‘oaths not to injure,’ i.e.
‘oaths that we will not injure.’

1. 106. pudAarrépevoy, ‘ guarding against.’ See note on line gl.

1, 108, SSd£wv, the fut. part. denoting purpose, ‘¢o show you.’

1. 110. év rp wapévre [xpdvy], ‘at the present time.’

1. 112. aca 586s, ‘every road, waca % 656s, (next line), ‘all the
road,’ i. e. ‘our whole line of march.’

1 This identifies Mydias refxos with the Wall of Nimroud, said to have
been originally built by Nimrod, against the Ninevite invaders from the
north, Another view is that the ‘ Wall of Media’ was a long way south of
this, between Cunaxa and Babylon, and that Sittace was much lower down
the Tigris than it is placed in the above map. In this case, the Greeks
would have passed only once through the wall, from the north, so as to get
‘inside, i.e. on the south side, of it.

124 NOTES,

1. 113. Sta okérous, ‘through darkness,’ i.e. ‘uncertain,’ as we say
‘to be in the dark’ about a thing. [dros in Xenophon is generally
declined like reiyos with genitive cxérovs, It is also declined like Aoyos
with gen. ox«dé7ov.]

1. 118. rére, ‘I then’ (i.e. at the time when I joined Cyrus, see I. 26)
‘desired that...”

ll. 123, 4. The first «at may be translated ‘even,’ implying many
reasons to hope; the second kat is ‘also,’ i.e. ‘that you also will wish
to be our friend’ [as we wish to be yours]. See note on 1. 32.

1, 128. ts xdpitos fv €xopev. Xap Exew means ‘feel gratitude.’
See note on |. 44.

1. 129. Here as in 1. 83 the pév emphasises the subject Clearchus as
opposed to Tissaphernes, the ov refers back to what has been related
before. ‘So while Clearchus...

1. 131. GAA, ‘ well.” The idea is—‘ though I am glad to hear you talk
thus, ye¢ I will show you that you have no reason to distrust us.’

Sopa takes the dative, hence we have ‘I am pleased with you
speaking,’ i.e, ‘that you speak.’

1, 132. ov5é€, ‘not even,’ i.e. ‘you no more than we.’

1. 133. amorointe, the opt. in -ofyy of contracted verbs is a
peculiar Attic form. It is very common in the singular (cp. doxoin,
Avmoin, ll. 28, 54 above), but it is not so often used in the Ist and 2nd
persons plural,

1. 135. ots, ‘with which.’ Observe that the Greek dative supplies the
Latin ablative of instrument, while the genitive supplies the Latin
ablative meaning ‘ from.’

1. 139. tap-€xoupev dv, ‘could render.’

1, 141. Sta-ropevoupev, ‘put you across.’ Topevw in the act, is ‘to
provide a passage’ (7épos) for any one, i. e. ‘cause to pass;’ in the mid.
‘to provide oneself with a passage,’ i.e. intrans. ‘to pass,’ ‘march,’ etc.

1. 144. 0082 et wavy dyaGol, ‘not even if ever so brave.’

1, 145. ™opous mpés, ‘means for,’ i. e. ‘ ways of.’

1. 151. pou, not ‘to me,’ which would be mpds éxé, but (literally) ‘for
me,’ i.e. ‘to oblige me.’ This is called the ethical dative.

1, 152. &s depends on ray Aeydvrwy, ‘ those who say that.’

1,153. TH ov enol otpanig. Cp. I. 109 n.

1, 159. pera tratra, Cp. I. 128 n.

1, 164. of 5@ wavres, etc, Here navres is an apposition with of, which
is not the article but a pronoun,—‘ they did not all come.’

1. 170. éxet THv Sixyy, ‘has his just punishment,’ lit. ‘ke punishment
[which he deserves].’ The article in Greek is often used for a posses-
sive pronoun. Cp. I. 15 n. Observe the wary form of Xenophon’s
answer. Ile really means ‘even supposing Clearchus deserved his death,

III, BEGINNING OF THE RETREAT. 125

yet, according to your own showing, Proxenus and Menon should come
back.’

1.175. av-nxOynoav, ‘were taken wp,’ i.e. to the king’s court. Cp.
17 ns

1. 180, kai ydp 8%, ‘for in fact,’ or ‘in proof of this.” The 61) shows
that what is going to be said confirms the previous assertion that
Clearchus was ‘ very fond of war.’

1. 181. tmypére (imperfect), ‘ continued to serve.’

1. 183. Opaxes, i.e. on the Hellespont. Cp. I. 30.

1, 185. Io®pod, i.e. the isthmus of Corinth. He probably had to
touch there to take up some of the allies of Sparta.

1.187. @avarwOn, ‘ was condemned to death.’ @avardéw usually means
‘I put to death,’ lit. ‘I cause death’ to anyone. [Verbs in -éw derived
from the stems of nouns mean to cause or make something, as 5ovA-dw
(from So0A0s), ‘I make anyone a slave,’ modep-dw (rédAepnos, ‘I cause to
be at war,’ i. e. ‘make hostile.’]

ll. 188-191. See the account in I. 25-30.

1. 191. otrw peév otv, ‘thus as we have said.” The pev prepares for
the 6 which follows, ‘not only fond of war but a good commander.’

1. 193. ets, ‘with reference to,’ or ‘as regards.’

apxew with gen. of person, ‘to rule.’

1, 195. €p-trovfjoat, etc. ‘to instil into the minds of the soldiers,” lit.
‘to produce in them the opinion that,’ etc.

@s depends on 72 yrmpnv.

1. 196. &« tod eivat, ‘from the fact that he was...” Cp. I. 24n.

1. 197. orvyvds épav, just as we say ‘stern fo look upon,’ i.e. ‘ of
stern countenance.’ [‘Opay in Latin would be ‘aspectu tristis’ (not
aspicere), but the Greek infinitive far more nearly resembles the fos
in its uses than the Latin does.]

1. 198. Hyetro. ‘Hyeto@a, like Lat. ducere, may mean either ‘to lead’
or ‘to think.” When it means ‘to lead,’ it takes a dative of the person
led, when it means ‘to think,’ it takes accus. and infin.

1, 201. Distinguish by the accent gvAaxds, acc. pl. fem. of pvdaxy,
‘act of watching, or ‘watch’ (Lat. vigilias), from @vAaxas, acc. pl.
masc. of gvAafg, ‘ watchers’ (Lat. vigiles), The word guard in English
is ambiguous, having both meanings.

1, 206. 450v tov tpdtov, ‘a pleasant manner,’ lit. ‘his manner a
pleasant (one),’ i.e. the manner [which] he had [was] not a pleasant
one. The article coming between the adj. and the noun makes the adj.
a predicate in apposition to the noun. If it were tov 45iv tpdzor, the
45dv would be merely an epithet of rpémov. Cp. IV. 269 n.

1. 207. 8t-Exewvro, etc., ‘were to him in the position of, etc. AraxeioOa
acts as the passive of 5:a-7.0évai, ‘ to put into a certain state or condition.’

126 NOTES.

1. 209. $tAig, dative of cause, ‘through friendship.’

1. 210, 84 sums up the whole description, ‘such as J have stated.’ The
5€ in next line contrasts with the pey, i.e. ‘though he was so strict as a
commander, ye he was unwilling to obey others.’

Cat APT ER
THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN.

1. 1, woAAq 54. Here 5%) emphasises moAAq, ‘in the greatest possible
perplexity.’

1. 2. dO@vpws etxov. “Exew is often used intransitively with an ad-
verb, like the Lat. se habere, Fr. se trouver, so that d0vpws yoy implies
the state of being d@vpo, i.e. ‘they were in a desponding state of mind.
So eb éxerv, kax@s Exew ‘to be well off,’ ‘to be badly off.’

1, 3. eis TH éotrépav, ‘for the evening,’ i.e. ‘throughout the whole
evening.’

1. 4. émi ta StrAa, ‘to their quarters.’ The heavy arms (é7Aa) were
piled in camp in front of the men’s quarters, hence 7d émAa meant
‘the place where the arms were piled.’

1, 5. érvyxavev dy, lit. ‘happened being,’ i. e. ‘happened fo be,’ ‘ was at
the time.

1. 6. 3é00u watpldwv, objective genitive, ‘regret for their fatherlands.’

1. 7. phore, ‘that they would never.’

1.8. pev8y. Cp. IIL. 210n. The 57 sums up the paragraph, while
the péy contrasts with jv 5€ 7s in the next section.

ovTw Sta-Keipevor, ‘in this state.” Cp. III. 207 n.

1, 12. e& €XBor, ‘if he came.’ The optative here equals the past sub-
junctive, and the aorist gives the sense of ‘have ;’ so in Latin it would
be ‘ pollicitus est, si venisset, se facturum ;’ etc. E

1. 14. Distinguish the middle ovp-BovAevetrar, ‘takes counsel with,’
from the active cvp-BovAeve (next line), ‘gives counsel to.’

Xenophon had been a disciple of Socrates from his youth; Socrates
himself wrote nothing, so we are indebted to his two pupils Xenophon
and Plato for what we know of him. Xenophon’s Memorabilia
(Reminiscences), or notes of Socrates’ sayings, show the teacher’s
practical good sense. Plato had a real grasp of philosophy and had
imagination as well, and in his dialogues or ‘imaginary conversations’
he depicts Socrates as a most subtle and humorous arguer on the
deepest questions of philosophy.

IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 127

117. é1- “fipero. Cp. 11-41 n:

Distinguish tiv, ‘to whom?’ from ivi, ‘ to anyone.”

1. 18. &v @vou, the optative with dy makes a conditional mood, ‘to
whom he should.’

l. 19. kadas mpdtar. Observe that mparrew with an adverb means
‘to fare ;’ 1O kadov mparrev would mean ‘to do what is honorable.’

1. 21. qridro, imperf. of aizsd-opar, ‘to blame.’ Do not confound this
with any part of the verb ait-éw, ‘I ask.’

1, 24. otrws, ‘in this way.’

Hpov from ipdpny, ‘I asked.’ pov would be imperfect mid. of aipw,
‘T lift up.’

1. 28. év SdpSeor. Sardis was the place appointed for the rendez-vous
(I. 40).

1. 30. émel taxtora, ‘as soon as ever.’

1. 31. Antevev. Distinguish Ajyw, ‘I cease,’ from A€yw, ‘I say,’ and
from Adxw 2nd aor. subj. of Aayxavw, ‘I get by lot.’

1. 32. TIuctSas. Cp. I. 35 and note.

1, 37. dkovres. Distinguish dew, ‘ unwilling,’ from dxovwr, ‘ hearing.”

Spws, ‘yet’ (Lat. ¢amen). Distinguish this word from époiws, ‘like-
wise.’

1. 38. aloxuvopevot with infin. ‘ashamed to betray,’ and therefore
not betraying. With a participle it would be ‘ashamed at betraying,’
yet doing it.

1. 39. ets, ‘one.’ Distinguish from és, ‘into.

1. 42. Aaxav Umvov, ‘having got some sleep.’ “Ymvov is the partitive
gen., Aayxdvevy means properly ‘to obtain by Jot,’ hence generally,
‘to obtain’ or ‘to get a share of,’

1. 44. waoav [77 oixiay], ‘all the house.’

1. 45. Std rotdTo pév is answered by épws 8€ in 1. 47, ‘for this reason
on the one hand... still on the other hand,’ etc. The good point of the
dream was a light sent by Zeus to shine upon him in his distress,
the bad points were (1) that the dream came from Zeus as King, which
seemed to imply mischief from the king of Persia, (2) that the flames
appeared to encircle the house (AdumecOa kbKd@), which implied the
impossibility of escape from the king’s power. For 6pws cp. 1. 37 n.

1. 47. pry ot Stivatro. Ov’ goes with Svvarro, ‘lest he should be un-
able.’ Cp. o-mords, III. 72 and n.

1. 52. AnpOSpev, from AauBavw, ‘to catch ;’ AepOGpev would be from
Aeizrw, ‘to leave.’

1. 53. ta Sewvdrara are the actual tortures, $Bpifopévous refers to the
mockery of their sufferings by the enemy.

1, 54. S4ws cwodpe8a, ‘how we shall be in safety.’ “Omws with the
fut. ind. follows words of ‘caring’ and ‘effecting.’

128 NOTES.

1.55. Gomep éf-dv, ‘as if it were possible: éfdy is the accus. (not the
ons xente participle of the impersonal verb éf-eorm, lit. ‘it being
possible.’ [The accus. implies ‘time during which,’ hence the use of
these neuter participles expressing what happens at the same time with
something else, as éf-ov, map-dv; ‘while it is possible,’ Sédfay (1 aor. part.
of doxe’), ‘when it had seemed good’ (Lat. gum visum esset).]

1. 60. ékaOefovro. As the compounds «ad-é(opar and «a6-nyar were much
more commonly used than the uncompounded verbs €{ouae and fa, they
ceased to be regarded as compounds at all. Hence the augment € was
placed before the preposition xara, instead of between the «ara and
the €Copat.

1. 61. éyévovro, ‘ became,’ i. e. ‘amounted to.’

1. 64. qpyvTo, plup. pass. of aipéw, ‘1 take,’ but in sense the passive of
aipéopa: (mid.), ‘I choose.’ So 7pé6nv means ‘I was chosen’ not ‘I was
taken.’ The passive of aipéw, ‘I take,’ is supplied by tenses of dAicxo-
pat, as EdAwy, ‘I was taken,’ éadwe«a, ‘I have been taken.’

1. 66, peta totrov, ‘after him.’ Cp. II. 13 n.

1. 69. émloracGe. Distinguish éwicrapa, ‘I know,’ from ép-iornm,
‘I place upon.’ Cp. 1. 148 n.

1. 72. ovv tots StrAots, alluding to the demand made by the king that
the Greeks should surrender their arms, which demand they had refused
(II. 125-1; 35).

1. 73. tO Aotwév, ‘during the future,’ ‘for the future:’ accus. of
duration of time.

1. 76. mapa tous Spkous. Tapa, ‘contrary to.” Cp. III. 75 n.

1. 79. ava-pipvijoKw takes two accusatives, ‘remind you of...’

1. 80. eidi7e from ofda: t5nre would be from «dor.

1. 81. dya@ots, ‘it becomes you to be brave ;’ dyaGois being the dative
in apposition with tpiy, which is governed by apos-nxe, since eva
takes the same case after it as before. Cp. Horace, Sat. i. 1. 19 ‘licet
[iis] esse beatis, ‘they may be happy.’ So after a verb governing the
genitive we might say, é5edpnv avrod eva: ayaQod, ‘I besought him to
be brave.’ But see line go.

ll. 81-85. Tlepoav.. mparov..éweata Ste Zéptyns. The two events
here alluded to are (1) the invasion of Greece in the time of Darius
Hystaspes, ending in the defeat of the Persians at Marathon, B.c. 490,
(2) the expedition led by Xerxes, who was defeated at the battle of
Salamis, B.c. 480.

1. 84. wal, ‘also,’ not ‘and ;" évixov oie the principal verb in the
sentence. Cp. III. 32 n.

1. 85. wat. .xai, here ‘both... and.’

1, 86." dpi, ‘just now,’ i.e. at the battle of Cunaxa, which had been
fought nearly two months previously. See Chap. II.

IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 12g

1. 90. mpoo-nke, here with acc. and infin, ‘It is fitting that you
should be,’ cp. 1. 81.

1. 92. év-OupnOnre, imperative; év-eOvpnOnre would be indicative.

1. 93. of pupror tarets, ‘heir ten thousand horse,’ lit. ‘the ten thou-
sand horse’ which we know they have.

1. 94. ot movotvres, ‘those who do.’ The article with a participle=a
relative pronoun and verb. Cp. VIII. 356 n.

yeyvqrat, ‘is done.’

1. 97. 16 kata-meaetv, acc. after poBovpevot. Xenophon’s is the kind
of humorous argument by which one might make a child laugh
through its tears. Really the Persians were good riders (Cyropaedia,
IJ. 2) who would not ‘ be afraid of tumbling off,” and the Greeks soon
found they could not get on without cavalry, see 1. 150. What was
really reassuring was the fact that Xenophon evidently did not despair,
as he could make a joke of their fears.

1. 98. €oTnKétes. “Eoryxa means ‘I am standing.’ “ Cp. IT. 99 n.

1. 99. évi pove, ‘in one point alone,’ like Lat. abl. of measure.

l. 100. fav, gen. after the mpd in mpo-éxovow, ‘are before us,’
‘superior to us.’

l, 101. oképacGe, distinguish from éoxéyacde: cp. 1. 92.

Baothéws dkovros, ‘ against the king’s will;’ Lat. invifo rege.

1, 110. ds, ‘ with the intention of. Cp. II. 7o n.

1, 113. tTpts-dopevos, to be taken adverbially with émoie. ‘Thrice-
gladly’=‘very, gladly.’ [So rprs-d@A10s, ‘very wretched,’ rpis-paxap,
‘very blest,’ or, as we sometimes say, ‘thrice blest.’ Cp. the Latin
ter felix, etc.]

émole. dv.., et épa, ‘would have done this, if he had seen,’ or
more accurately, ‘ would have been (now) doing this, if he were seeing.’

The four forms of a conditional sentence are (1) ‘if it is, it is,’ (2) ‘if
(ever) it be, it will be,’ (3) ‘if it were to be, it would be,’ (4) ‘if it had
been, it would have been’ [but it isnot]. This is the 4th form, and
implies ‘but the king does not see us preparing to settle:’ just above
we had the 3rd form Sofy av.., ei BovAowro, ‘he would give, etc.,
if they were ¢o consent,’ etc,

1. 119. €v048e belongs to xopicapévors, ‘ having come here.”

1, 121. mpdo@ev must be omitted in translation, as mptv follows in
the next clause. We say (for instance), ‘I will not do it, before you
come,’ the Greeks often said, ‘I will not jirst (mpéa6ev) do it, before
(zpiv) you come.’

1. 123. da-oddo Gar dv, ‘that we should be rnined;’ the dv, ‘in that
case,’ always implies an if, so that ‘if they took’ is implied in AaBdvres.

1, 124. Tots viv dpxovras, ‘our present commanders.’ Any word or
words coming between the article and its noun stand as an epithet of the

K

130 NOTES.

noun (cp. I. 109); hence such phrases as of viv, of mpédadev, etc., are con-
veniently used instead of a longer expression. [So we sometimes say
‘the then king.’ Cp. 1st Ep. to Timothy v. 23 ‘thine often infirmities.’]

1, 125. yevéo@at, ‘prove themselves,’ lit. ‘become.’ Never translate
yevéoOa as if it were merely the same as efvat, ‘to be.’

1. 126, tOv-mpdc0ev-apxdvtwv, gen. of comparison, ‘than,’ etc. viv
4 mpoobev, being without the article, are real adverbs qualifying tet@o-
pévous : # means ‘than.’

€av Tis GreiOq, Sener, this is the 2nd form of conditional sentences :
cp.l. 113 n. ‘If (ever) anyone should disobey.’

1. 127. det, ‘at the time,’ or ‘from the time.’ Cp. V. 287.

tpav is the partitive gen. after rév, ‘the man (anyone) of your
number who comes across [the offender] in each case.”

1. 128. ovv, ‘ with the help of.”

1. 130. dva-rewatw, ‘let him raise.’ The subject is understood in
étw, ‘ whoever.’

1, 133. mAalovov, ‘a square.’ The object of the square was that it —
had four fronts, and so could fight on any side if an enemy attacked
them. Each face of the square had a separate commander.

1.134. 500..ém-epeAodvro, not ém-eneAcicOnv, because there is no
stress laid on the fact of there being fwo only. Cp. I.1n.

1. 137. &-€Bynoav. Remember this is the 2 aor.

Zandtav, ‘the Zab.’ Cp. III. roo n.

1. 140. érégevov.. éopevSovav .. éritpwokov. Observe the force of
the imperfects.

1. 142. Stwkréov, Verbal adjectives in -réos imply that something
must or ought to be done, as PtAn-téos (Lat. amandus), ‘he must be
loved.’ These have two constructions, (1) like the Latin gerundive, as
of moA€wor Siwnréor eigi: (2) as here, like the Latin gerund, as Siax7éov
éort rods modkeuiovs, “we must pursue the enemy.’ [#:Anrds is not the
same as ptAnréos, but is simply like Lat. amabilis, * loveable.’]

1. 148, émorapévous. Do not confound éniorapyar, ‘I understand,’
(1) with ép-icrapa mid. of ép-icrnpu, ‘I place upon,’ or (2) with mot-
evw, ‘I believe,’ or with any word derived from mior-is, ‘ faith.’

odevdovay, infin. after émorapévous, ‘knowing how to sling.’ [Verbs
in -4w only contract into a and , and always contract into a when
no o is present; -ay is the contraction of the infinitive. ]

1. 158. €&w BeAdv, ‘out of shor’ (as we say). BéAos is lit. ‘out of
[range of] missiles.’

1, 160. ot péy, i. e. the Greeks, ot 5é, the enemy.

For eirovro from émopa cp. II. 158 n.

1. 162. paxpéregov, ‘longer,’ i.e. ‘further than .. .’

1, 165. mAalorov, ‘square,’ tedmAevpov, ‘ equal-sided,’ i.e. an exact

IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN, 131

‘square.’ A square is a good form in which to resist a charge of
cavalry, but a very clumsy form to march in.

1, 167. ék-OA(BeoOat, ‘to be forced out of their rank,’ lit. ‘ squeezed
out. [Hence in Latin Prosody Ecthlipsis is the ‘squeezing out’ of
final m when the next word begins with a vowel, as multu(m) ille.]

1. 168. ta képata ovy-KimrTy, ‘the outer flanks close in,’ lit. ‘bend
together,’ i.e. ‘contract by bending.’ The opposite, viz. ‘to get
separated,’ is expressed by d:d-oy7, below 1. 171.

1, 170. Sus-xpyorovs. The subject is rots érAizvas from 1. 167.

1. 171. Tovs Té7€ PALBopévous, ‘those who were squeezed together in
the former case,’ i.e. when the wings («épara) had to close in.

1. 172. TO péecov T&v kepdtwy, etc., ‘the space between the wings be-
came empty of men,’ i.e. when there was a gap. Probably it means
here a gap where the flanks of the square joined the front or rear of it.

1.173. tTovs Tatra maoxovras, ‘those who suffered this,’ i. e. found a
gap near them.

1.174. ddAnv tiva SidBaow, i.e. ‘any other crossing-place’ except a
bridge, such as a ford, etc.

1,175. €omevdSe (imperf.), ‘would hurry on.’ Cp. III. 28 n.

1.178. €& Adxous dvd Exatdv dvSpas, ‘six companies of 100 men
each, This is the distributive force of dvd. Kara is similarly used. Cp.
231 n. Distinguish éf, ‘six,’ from éf, ‘out of The aspirate in é
represents the s in Lat. sex.

ér-éornoav is here the 1 aor. because it is transitive. Cp. II. 99 n.

1, 179. wevrykovrijpas, ‘leaders of fifty,’ i.e. leaders of half-companies,
or ‘lieutenants.’ A half-company contained fifty men, and two of them
made a Adxos or company. Each half-company was again subdivided
into two sections, these were called Enomotiae (évwpdrtiat, lit. ‘a band of
men sworn in, from év-duvujs), and their leaders were called évwpor-
apxat, * section-commanders,’ ‘ sublieutenants,’ or ‘ensigns.’ The whole
number amounted to about 10,000 (I. 318); these six companies were
only a small division, which could be shifted so as to give elasticity to
the whole. Probably three marched in front, one in the centre of the
front line, and one where each flank joined the front; and the other
three in the same positions in the rear.

1. 181. ovy-Kimro. Cp. 1. 168 n.

ot Aoxayoi tn-euevov torepov, ‘the captains used to wait behind,’
i.e, made their companies drop out to the rear and give room for the
others,

1. 182, aap-fyov, ‘used to pass outside the wings,’ i.e. into line at
the extremities of the wings.

1, 184. 16 pécroy does not mean the inside of the square, but the centre
of the troops in front and rear,

K 2

132 NOTES,

1.185. &éBaow. Cp. 1.174 n.

1. 190. Distinguish adtis THs 6500, ‘the road itself,’ i.e. ‘ right over
the road,’ from (1) ris abrijs 6500, ‘the same road,’ and (2) ravrns Tis
550u, ‘ this road.’

1. 192. dpav ovaay, ‘seeing that it was.’ Cp. II. 108 n.

1, 196. ot-brép-rijs-6506-moAguror. Cp. I. 109 n.

1. 199. Tots-map’-éavTg-dvtas-TeATaGTas, Cp. I. 109 n,

1. 200. €mAékrous, ‘as [a reserve of] picked troops.’

1, 202. ot-émi-rot-Admov-moAgurot. Cp. I. 109 n.

1. 204. Sppnoav must be from dppaw, ‘I hasten.’ ‘Oppéw, ‘I anchor,
has no Ist aor., and would not make sense.

1, 205. Sta-xeAevopévov, ‘cheering their own troops.’

1. 209. éwt marks the object for which they were striving, i. e. their
return to Greece. So we find émt ri; ‘ for what purpose?’ “Iévat émi 1,
‘to go in quest of anything.’

1, 213. dxet might be ‘ he carries,’ or ‘you are carried.’ The context
decides.

1, 215. dOetrar. The present makes it graphic, ‘shoves out of his
place,’ then émopevero, the imperf., ‘ went on marching.’

1, 217. 5¢ eal, Az couples the sentences, «ai means ‘ also.’

ervyxave €xwv, ‘had at the time,’ lit. ‘happened having.’ Cp. 1. 5 n.

1, 218. @dpaxa tov immudv. The cuirass or breast-plate of a cavalry
officer was much heavier than that of a foot-soldier, and Xenophon had
the infantry-soldier’s shield to carry as well.

1, 219. im-dyew, ‘march slowly.’ “nd, ‘under,’ hence ‘ underhand,’
then ‘ little by little.’

1, 221. €ote Avaykacay, ‘till (as a matter of fact) they forced him.’
With the opt. it would mean ‘till such time as they should force him.’

1. 222. ava-Bas, sc. Tov inmov, ‘ having mounted’ again.

1, 225. Odvovor.. yevdpevor, lit. ‘anticipate the enemy having
arrived,’ i.e. ‘ arrived before the enemy.’

1. 228. évOev .. évOev, ‘on one side and on the other.’

1, 229. Spy dmep-vyyAa, the great mountain range, which commands
the principal pass of the Tigris, near Jezireh,

1, 231. katd rerpaxts-xtklous, ‘4000 at‘a time.’ Kara is here
distributive, Cp. dva1, 178 n.

l, 232. ém-Bare, ‘ give me besides,’ i.e. as a present.

1, 233. Stov, ‘ what,’ not ‘whatever.’ “Ooms is used in an indirect
question like ris in a direct.

1. 234. vonPévra, ‘if blown up.’ The ‘if’ is implied by the dv
which follows.

1. 236. Sta4Bacr, here ‘the means of crossing,’ not as in Il. 174, 186,
‘the place to be crossed.’ [Verbal nouns in -ois properly mean the act

IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 133

of doing a thing, as mofy-ois, ‘a producing ;’ those in -pa signify the
thing done, as moin-pa, ‘a production’ (thing produced).]

1. 242. KwAvoovor py dAtoPaverv, Lat. ‘prohibebunt guominus labantur.’
Where the main verb has a ‘not’ the Greeks put a ‘not’ with the
dependent verb as well; so here the 7) merely emphasises the ‘not’
already contained in #wAvw, and therefore must not be translated in
English,

1. 246. ovx Gv én-érperov, ‘would not have let the Greeks do
this,” i.e. ‘if they saw them trying it.’ The clause to be supplied
would run «i éwpwy avrovs metpwuevovs. For dv with the imperf. cp.
], 113 n.

1, 249. Kap8-ovxous. The root of this word is still preserved in the
modem Kurd, Kurdistan.

1. 250. 4pxev, ‘ was satrap over,’ from dpy7}, ‘ province.’ Cp. I. 6n.

1. 252. mdpobos, ‘ passage by the side of it,’ i.e. between the river and
the cliffs.

1, 253. trép adtod rod tworapod, ‘right over the river.’ For the
distinction between airds 6 and 6 adros cp. 1. 190 n.

1. 255. THs vuKrds, ‘during the night.’ The gen. of time is really a
partitive gen. denoting a period within which something takes place, as
nuépas, ‘by day,’ vuerds, ‘by night.’ So in older English ‘he did it
o’ nights.’ Observe also that yueros means generally ‘ by night,’ vis
vuxros, ‘ during this particular night.’

1, 257. etmero, ‘ was following.’ Cp. II. 158 n.

1, 260. €xovtes. The part. €xwy may often be translated ‘ with,’ as
nAGev Exwy Tov vidv, ‘he came with his son.’

1, 263. 54 emphasises rére, ‘ at that moment,’ Lat. tum demum.

1, 267. oUrws, ‘in this order;’ Cheirisophus leading and Xenophon
bringing up the rear (cp. 1. 256).

1. 269. tkava ta émrndeia, ‘the provisions (which they had) were not
sufficient.” The position of the article between the adjective and noun
makes fxavd the predicate of the sentence. Cp. III. 206 n.

1, 272. Tots émoPoptAag. depends on éyiyvero, ‘ for the rear-guard.’

1. 273. Distinguish yri@ro, imperf. of aizid-oya, ‘1 blame,’ from
qitetro, imperf. mid. of airé-w, * I ask.’

1. 278, ob gaow eivat, ‘say that there is not,’ Lat. negant esse.
Ov-pnyt is to be taken as one word, ‘I deny,’ not ‘I do not say.’

1, 279. So dvSpas, not dvdpe, because no stress is laid on the fact of
there being only two. Cp. 1.1, V.17n.

1, 282. eiSetev, 3rd plur. opt. of ofda, ‘ whether they knew.’ The opt.
here answers to imperf. subj. of indirect question after past time.

q tiv havnpay, ‘than (i.e. besides) the apparent one.’ See above
L. 275 pia éoriv 650s, Hv Spas.

134 NOTES.

1. 283. odk épy. Cp.1.278n. Also for ob daly J. 285.

1. 284. Spavros Tod Erépov, the gen. absolute, ‘ the other seeing,’ i. e.
‘before the eyes of the other.’ Cp. Bao.Aéws dxovtos 1, 107 and n.

1, 286. wap’ dvSpt, properly ‘in her husband’s house.’ Lat. ‘ apud
virum.” ’Ex-didwyu, ‘I give in marriage,’ usually takes the simple dative.

avtos by hynoeoOat, ‘said that he would guide.’ The avros is
the nom. before the infin. When the subject of the infinitive is the
same as that of the principal verb, the Greeks put it in the nominative,
not in the accusative as in Latin. In Latin this would be ‘ dixit se
ducturum esse,’ but &épy abtrov Aync~ec8ar would mean that some other
man would guide them.

1. 289. mpo-Kata-Anpowwro, The fut. opt. is used in a reported speech,
wherever the speaker himself would have used the fut. ind. ere he
would have said ei 417) mpo-cata-AnpeoOe TovTo, ddvvatov éoTa, etc.

], 291. doris eBéXor dv, ‘ who would be willing.” Cp. 1. 233 n.

1. 292. troords, ‘having undertaken (the work).’ Take mopeverOar
after €0éAo dv understood.

1. 293. @s, ‘as it were,’ i.e. ‘about.’

1. 2y8. tovs dvw dvras, ‘that those who were above,’ i.e. the 2000
volunteers, who are supposed to have gained the summit.

1. 299. davepav ékBacwy, the same as pavepay d50v 1, 282, where see
note. But Xenophon here calls it an €xBaais, or ‘ egress,’ because it was
a way of getting out of their difficulty.

1. 300. avtoi, ‘themselves,’ i.e. the rest of the army, who were to
remain below till the volunteers had secured the summit.

1. 305. ot wept-tovres, the 2000, who were taking a circuitous route to
the summit.

1. 309. hepdpevor.. St-eagevSovavro, ‘falling against the rocks were
hurled about in fragments,’ like stones from a sling (opevidvn). Ard
signifies division into parts. [So Euripides (Phoenissae, 1190) says of
a man struck by lightning, éopev5ovato xapls dAAnAwY MéAn, ‘ his limbs
were shot far from one another,’ as if from a sling.]

1, 311. Aqoev, fut. of AavOdvw, which with dm-dvres means ‘ get away
unnoticed by the enemy.’

1, 313. ot 5 €xovres, etc. Cp. ll. 295, 305.

1, 317. ws, ‘as if,’ i.e. ‘ thinking that,’ etc.

1, 318. map’ dv, ‘leading to which.’ Mapa with accus, signifies motion
to get alongside of a thing, hence simply motion éo it.

1. 320. havepg 656. Cp. ll. 282 n, 299 n.

1, 327. e0-fwvor, lit. ‘ well-girt,’ or ‘girt up for action,’ hence ‘ active."
Cp. Lat. accinctus,

1, 328. THs odAmyyos. The trumpet was the signal to let the others
know that the 2000 had gained the height. Cp. 1. 298.

IV. THE MARCH TO KURDISTAN. 135

1. 330. ékacrot érvxov dvres, ‘where each party were at the time,’
lit. ‘chanced being.’ Cp. 1.5 n. [For this use of the participle compare
the English ‘I cease speaking,’ mavopo A€yor, ‘I begin speaking,’ apxopua
AEyur, etc. ]

1. 333. Tq adrq 686, ‘the same road;’ [arp 7H 656 would be ‘ the
road itself” or ‘the very road.’ Cp. 1. 190n.] So 76 abr@ tpdmy 1. 340,
“in the same way.’

1. 346. 7@ tmpaote Ade, ‘the first of the three crests’ which
Xenophon’s men had taken, mentioned in I. 335 as ‘ overhanging the
road.’ Some men had been left to guard this, while Xenophon with
the rest of the army went on to attack the next position (1. 340). It
must not be confounded with the first position of all, which the
volunteers took.

AerhOévres, ‘left,’ from Acimw; distinguish from AnPpOevres, ‘ taken,’
from AapBavw.

1. 350. &a-qret, imperf. of dw-aitéw, ‘to ask back.’ Distinguish from
aitidopat, ‘I blame.’ Cp. 1. 273 n.

ént tobt@ Sorte pry ddtcetv, ‘on condition of their not injuring ;’
lit. ‘on this (condition) so as not to injure.’ "Eat meaning ‘ upon,’ and
the dative implying ‘rest at;’ él with dat. means ‘ resting on a certain
basis,’ hence ‘on certain terms’ or ‘ conditions.”

1. 355. 8H, ‘at once,’ marking the precise moment at which the thing
was done.

1. 356. éyévovro, ‘they got.’ Cp. yerduevn, 1. 225.

1, 35%. kat-éatav, Ist aor. of kat-dyvupt, Distinguish the tenses of
dy-vuyt, I break,’ from those of @y-w, ‘I lead.” Both verbs have the
fut. dgw, but the 1st aor. of dyvupu is aga, that of dyw (not often used) is
Réa. Also dyw makes its perf. #xa, while the 2nd perf. of dyvumu
is aya, and means, ‘I am broken.’

1, 359. traomorys, ‘armour-bearer,’ lit. ‘shield-supporter.’ The
donis, or large shield, was a great encumbrance when not in actual
use.

1, 360. mpo-BadAdpevos, ‘ putting forward’ as a defence.

1, 362. rots 45y ouvtetaypévors, ‘those already posted there.” These
were the men whom Xenophon had ordered to march on (1. 345) while
he ascended the hill with a chosen band. They had halted under arms,
and were waiting for Xenophon in the road below.

1, 365. Adkkots Koviatois, ‘ plastered cisterns,’ made by digging holes
in the ground, and plastering the inside with lime (ovia). Many of
these cisterns have been found in Syria and Kurdistan of the present
day. [Ad««os is the same word as the Latin Jacus.]

1, 368. wavra ta voprldpeva, ‘all (the funeral rites) which are con-
sidered customary,’ i. e. all the regular funeral rites.

136 NOTES.

CH AP aes Ns

THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA.

1, 2. @s kwAvoovtras, ‘as if they meant to hinder them.’ So as
enexeccouevous 1.6 below. Cp. II. 7on.

1. 6. ovv-etdeypevous, ‘ collected.” Aéyw, ‘I gather,’ has perf. eiAoxa,
perf. pass. €iAeypa, but only in compounds; Aéyw, ‘1 speak,’ has no
perf. act. in use, but perf. pass. AéAcypar.

1. 9. avréparot, ‘of their own accord.’ Av’réyaros is literally ‘ self-
moving ' or ‘ self-acting,’ from avrds, ‘ self,’ and the stem pa, ‘ to move,’
found in the old 2nd perf. née-pa-a. Hence it means ‘acting of one’s
own will,’ without any external force; and we call a self-acting machine
an automaton.

arept-ppuyvat, 2nd aor. pass. infin. of mepi-ppéw, fut. pev-copat, perf.
éppu-nxa, 2nd aor. pass. éppv-nv (with active meaning). In verbs begin-
ning with p, the p is doubled (1) after the augment, as €p-peor, (2) after
a preposition ending in a vowel, as mepi-ppéw.

avr@ is the dativus commodi, lit. ‘ slipped round for him,’ i.e. ‘ slipped
off him.’

1. 10. Sta-Baiverv, ‘he went free,’ lit. ‘with the legs apart (dd).’
[Usually d:a-Saivey is ‘to go through,’ or * go across,’ as in ll. 21, 23, 24,
25, etc.]

1.17. Why 8vo veavioxw (dual) here, but rots veavioxovs and of
veavioxo: (plural) in Il. 29, 35 below? Because on the first mention
of the young men one’s attention is directed to the fact of there being
two of them, whereas afterwards they are merely alluded to as ‘ the
young men,’ without any stress being laid upon this fact. But even in
the former case it was not thought necessary to put the verb in the dual;
so we have mpos-érpexov, not mpos-etpexérny. Cp. 1.1 n.

1. 20. Somep papoimous, ‘what seemed like bags,’ lit. ‘as it were
bags ;’ Lat. quasi or ¢anguam.

1. 22. ravry, sc. xapa, ‘at this point.’ So qy, ‘in which place’=
‘where,’ Lat. qua. Cp. 1. 71.

1, 23. 5t-eBaivopev, imperf., ‘ tried to cross,’ or ‘ began to cross.’ But
S:-éBnpev, 2nd aor. in next line, ‘ we (actually) did cross.’

1. 24. ds vevodpevor. ‘Ns with fut. part. denotes a purpose. Cp. II.

on.
; For mpéoev followed by piv in the next clause cp. IV. 121 a.

1, 30. Distinguish ravra from tavra, Cp. L. 275 2.

V. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA. 137

l. 34. év péow tovtwy, ‘between them.’ Méoos means (1) the middle
of a thing, as péon Hepa or pécov Hyépas (II. 17); (2) a space midway
between, with the gen., as here.

1, 38. dva kpdtos, Cp. IL. 5 n.

1. 40. éwet 8t-€Bn, ‘when he had crossed.” The aor. in a minor
sentence must often be translated by the pluperfect. Cp. I. 254, I.
118.

_ lL. 43. tods todeptous, etc., the Armenian infantry, who had been
drawn up on the higher ground behind the cavalry. Cp. 1. 4.

1. 48. as ém-Onodpevor, ‘in order to attack. Cp. II. 7on.

1. 51. oxevopédpwv, neuter, as is shown by 7a bmo-Aamdpeva. Ta
oxevdpopa are the same as tro fvya, ‘baggage animals ;’ of oxevdpopor
are the sutlers or camp-followers, who helped to carry the baggage.
These are also called 6 dxAos (1. 53).

Distinguish peta rottwv (gen.), ‘ with these,’ or ‘among these,’ from
peta Tavra, ‘ after these things.’ Cp. I. 128 n,

1. 54. ero avtia avdrots ta SwAa, ‘drew up (his men) opposite
them.’ @éo@a StAa means ‘to pile arms,’ or ‘halt under arms’ (cp.
I, 241 n.): hence, with dvria added, ‘to take up a position under arms
over against the enemy.’

1, 55. morjoacGar tovs Adxous, ‘to form their companies’ into divi-
sions of so many men each. Here the divisions were of twenty-five
each, called évwpériu. Cp. 1V. 179 n.

1. 56. mpds t&v KapSovxev, ‘towards the Carduchi.’ [pds rovs
Kapdovxous would mean ‘to the Carduchi.’

ovpayous, ‘leaders of the rear,’ from ovpd, ‘rear’ (lit. ‘a tail”), and
hy-€opat, ‘I lead.’ [The Greeks spoke of an army metaphorically as a
wild beast; hence ordéya, ‘mouth,’ i.e. ‘front;’ «épas, ‘horn,’ i.e.
‘wing ;’ mAevpat, ‘ flanks ;’ odpa, ‘ tail’ or ‘ rear.’]

1. 59. @Sds twas d5ovres ; so Tacitus describes the ancient Germans
as singing while they advanced to battle.

1. 62. éxeivos (Lat. il/e), referring to Xenophon, who is not the subject
of the sentence. If there were no pronoun it would be doubtful whether
he or Cheiriscphus was meant.

1, 65. ws Sta-Byoopévous. Cp. II. yon.

1. 66. mpdcw tod worapot, ‘far into the river,’ lit. ‘to a further
point of the river,’ the partitive genitive.

1. 67. odevdévy, here ‘a stone from a sling,’ though properly it means
the sling itself. Hence éredi) opevidvn éf-txvoiro=‘as soon as they
got within a sling’s cast.’ Cp. 1. 261 n.

1, 68. dois odo, ‘ a shield should ring,’ i. e, with the missiles from
the slings of the enemy striking on it.

1. 70. TO ToAepuKéy, sc. onpetoy, ‘the signal for battle ;’ i.e. what was

138 NOTES.

the usual signal for battle, and what the enemy would understand
as such, though the Greeks had orders to take it the contrary way
on this occasion.

1, 71. y, sc. xepa=‘ where,’ Lat. qua. Cp. 1. 22 n.

1. 72. tHv Tak, ‘his station.” The article in Greek often =a posses-
sive pronoun. Cp. I. 15 n.

1. 75. Hpxovto, imperf. of dpyopa, ‘I begin.” Cp. II. 50n. [But
the imperf. of épyxopza: does not secm to be used except in compounds, as
mponpxopny, etc. ]}

1. 76. Sppyoav. Cp. IV. 204 n.

1.78. onpaive. The signal agreed upon to mislead the enemy.
Gp yon.

1. 82. of woAAol, ‘the greater part.’ The article with mods gives the
force of a superlative, hence of moAAot = mActoTot.

1. 83. ot bd Xepradpov, etc. Cp. 1. 60.

1. 85. 4 €Se, ‘than they ought to have done,’ according to the instruc-
tions given above in 1. 66.

1, 88. TyAeBdav wotrapév, now the Kara Su, which flows into the
Eastern branch of the Euphrates. The Greeks were now ascending
into the plain which lies below the still higher elevation of Erzroum.-
The cold of this district, especially at Erzroum itself, is unusually
severe in winter; and this was in the beginning of December. See
Table of Dates, p. vii. °

1. 93. THs vuKTos, gen. of time. Cp. IV. 255 n.

Gore an-éxpuipe, ‘so that it covered’ (stating a fact); dare amo-
kKpvipat (infin.) would mean ‘ with the intention of covering.’

1. 97. tts kai GAAos. What does «ai mean here? Cp. I. arn.

1. 98. €oxufev (imperf.), ‘began to cleave them,’ or ‘would cleave them,’

éx tovrov, Cp. I. 85 n.

1, 100, Sta-cKynvijoat, ‘to take up separate quarters.’ Ard is connected
with dts and Svo, and denotes separation or distribution into parts. Cp.
IV, 309 n.

1, 107. €BovAtplacay, ‘suffered from bulimia,’ or ‘became faint from
fasting.’ Bov-Aupla is literally ‘ravenous hunger,’ the prefix Bov- (from
Bods, ‘an ox,’) denoting anything large or excessive. [Thus Bov-ras
means ‘an overgrown lout of a boy.’ We use the prefix horse in the
same way, as in ‘ horse-chestnut,’ ‘ horse-laugh.’]

1, 108. 1480s, ‘ complaint,’ from aQ- the stem of racy, ( = 140-onw),
‘I suffer” [From the corresponding Latin word patior we get ‘ patient,’
meaning one who is ill, lit. ‘a sufferer.’]

1, 109. aydvres = el payouev, ‘if they ate.” Cp. 1. 261 n.

1, 116, Distinguish adra, nom. pl. fem, of od7os, ‘this,’ from avral,
nom. pl. fem. of abrds, ‘self.’

V. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA. 139

vives elev, ‘who they were,’ the opt. in an indirect question. Cp. IV.
282 n.

1. 120, kwpapxny, ‘head man,’ a sort of chief magistrate or bailiff of
the village, responsible of course to the Persian government.

1. 123. of pr Suvdpevor, ‘whoever were unable,’ = ei rues pr SvvawTo,
Lat. ‘si gui nequirent.’

1,126, St-epOappévor tovs dpOarpovs, ‘having their eyesight de-
stroyed,’ lit. ‘destroyed in respect of their eyes.’ So in next line dzo-
oeanndTEs Tos SaxTVAous.

1, 129. THs xtovos, ‘from the snow,’ lit. ‘as regards the snow,’ gen, of
respect,

1. 132, tmo-SeSepevor, ‘with their shoes on.’ These were sandals,
consisting of a mere sole fastened by straps going round the feet.
IIence tmo-dew (lit. ‘I tie below’) means ‘I put on sandals,’ and bno-
dedenevor, in a middle rather than a passive sense, is ‘having their
sandals on their feet.’

1. 134. yap explains the reason why they suffered in the manner
described, i. e. because their new shoes were made of undressed leather:

1, 140. €xa@ynvto, pluperf. of #a0-nua:, with meaning of imperf. because
Kad-nuae is used as a present. Why is the augment placed before the
preposition in é-xa0-qynv? Cp. IV. 60 n.

1.141. ov« €pacav. Cp. IV. 278 n. It was here that the inci-
dent occurred which Xenophon relates in chap. VI. 275, of a soldier
attempting to bury a sick comrade, to save the trouble of carrying
him.

1. 145. poBfoat. Distinguish pofety, ‘to frighten,’ Lat. ¢errere, from
poBeiaGar, ‘ to fear,’ Lat. timere.

1, 150. RKav, Ist aor. of input. “Enka, qea, and é5wxa are the three
Ist aorists which end in -*a. Do not confuse jxav with jxov, imperf.
of #jxw, ‘I am come.’

1, 156. oxeopévous, fut. part. ‘to see,’ Lat. visuros.

1. 158. map-€50cav Kopifev. The Greek infin. can be used to ex-
press a purpose or intention, instead of iva or énws with the subj. and opt.
In Latin you could not say ‘aegrotos iis tradiderunt fortare,’ but ‘ut
portarent. The Greek infin. is much more like the English than the
Latin. Cp. II. 197 n.

1. 169. otvos xpifivos, probably a sort of ‘whisky,’ as would appear
from its effects. Cp. 1.172.

1. 170. Distinguish avrat at kpial, ‘the grains themselves,’ from at
avrat xp.dai, ‘the same grains.’ Cp. IV. Igo n.

1,172. dkpatos, lit. ‘unmixed,’ from 4, ‘not, and xepdvvuy (perf.
Ké-Kpa-xa), ‘I mix.’ Hence (of wine) ‘strong,’ because the ancients
generally mixed their wine with water before drinking.

140 NOTES.

1.173. €mel tis ovv-ebi.cGein, ‘as soon as one got used to it.” The opt.
with évet implies ‘ whenever the time might be.’

176, Paow, not the Colchian Phasis, which flows westward into
the Euxine, but the Araxes or modern Aras, which flows eastward into
the Caspian Sea. This latter river also had the name of Phasis, and
Xenophon seems to have confounded thé two. The district is still
called Pasin, and the river Pasin Su.

mapa, not ‘to’ the river Phasis, but ‘along’ it.

TY-€is-T0-mediov-bmepBoAyg. Cp. I. 109 n. ;

1, 182, tod Spous. Distinguish dpos, gen. épeos, -ovs, neut. ‘a moun-
tain,’ from Gpos, gen. dpov, masc. ‘a boundary.’

1, 185. @s taxtora, lit. ‘as (anyone would do it) most quickly.’
i.e. ‘as quickly as possible.’ Lat. quam celerrime. Cp. ws kpatiota
l. 191, ds pasta |. 192, ws éAaxioTous 1. 193.

], 186. The accent on of does not belong to it, but is thrown back
from the re following. Therefore of is the article with woAé€muot, and
the intervening words viv-7yds-sp@vres are taken together as one word
=an epithet of moAéuot. Cp. I. 109 n.

1, 189. peta todrov, ‘after him,’ to be distinguished from pera robrou,
‘with him.’ Cp. pera ratra I. 128 and n,

1, 190. yryvaoxw, ‘I judge’ or ‘decide,’ to be distinguished from ofa,
‘I know.’ Ivywaoxev means ‘to get a notion’ of a thing, hence ‘to
learn,’ ‘ perceive,’ or, ‘judge.’ [There is much the same difference
between the French connattre and savoir.

ll. 191, 192, 193. @S Kpdtiota, Os paota, os ‘edaxiorous.. Cp.
1. 185 n.

1, 194. kAépar tt TOD Spous, lit. ‘to steal a portion of the mountain,’
i.e. ‘steal our way over the mountain.’ KAém7reyv means (1) ‘ to steal,’
(2) ‘to do anything by stealth,’ just as we speak of stealing a march
upon the enemy. The point of the ‘banter’ in the following extract
lies in the double meaning of the word.

1. 196. wat,.&€. When «ai and 5 come in the same clause, 5é
couples the sentence, «ai emphasises the word which follows it. Here
‘and (or but) I think it is not impossible even (xai) to steal our way.’

1, 199. a&tdp, ‘but yet,’ marking a sudden change of thought. The
precise idea is ‘ but, in consequence of thinking of the matter again,’ etc.

ovp-BadAopat Adyous, ‘I talk,’ lit. ‘put words together,’ Lat. conferre
sermones,

1, 201, &« matSwv, ‘from childhood,’ lit. ‘from (being) children.’ Lat.
a pueris,

1. 202. S04 vopos pr KwAve, ‘whatever the law does not forbid.’ Cp.
1. 123 n.

1, 203. @s Kpatiota. Cp. 1. 185 n.

V. THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA, I4!

1, 206. Khérrovrés Tt ToD Spous. Cp. ft. 194 n.

twAnyas AdBopev literally refers to the punishment inflicted at Sparta
upon those who were caught stealing. (Cp. 1.204.) As applied to the
present circumstances it means being ‘ beaten’ by the enemy.

[This law of theft was one of the institutions ascribed to Lycurgus.
By it the Spartan boys were not encouraged to steal in all cases, but
only to obtain the necessaries of life; and if caught they were punished,
not for the theft itself, but for having done the work badly. By thus
forcing them to depend upon their own exertions for a bare subsistence,
Lycurgus hoped to make them hardy and effective soldiers. ]

]. 207. dAAG pévrot, ‘ well, as for that” The péev has its usual force
of ‘indeed’ or ‘certainly ;’ to: is perhaps an old form of go, and means
‘let me tell you.’

1, 208. Seeds KAémtev, ‘clever at stealing.” Aejwds means (1)
‘terrible,’ (2) ‘ wonderful,’ (3) ‘clever;* compare our expression ‘a
terrible hand’ at anything, i.e. ‘ very clever’ at doing it.

7a Sypdoia, ‘the public money,’ sc. xpnuata. The readiness of all
public officers to take bribes was a crying evil in the Athenian re-
public.

1. 209. kat oof. What does sai mean here? Cp. I. 21 n.

1, 211. Kata-Anpopevos, fut. part. Cp. 1. 156 n.

1, 215. eis tO toov jytv, ‘to a level with us.’ Lat. in aequum
descendere.

1, 216. wat here introduces a sudden and impatient objection, and may
be translated ‘but.’ [This force of «at is commonly seen in the phrase
kat m&s ; ‘but how?’ or, ‘how then ?’}

1, 217. GAAd, ‘xay but.’

1, 219. émdre Exouev, the optative depending on the fast tense émowy-
cavto ;—‘ they made an agreement that as soon as they get possession of
the heights they should light many fires.’ The orders given to the
volunteers would be—émérav éxnte 7a Gxpa, mupd Kalere TOAAG.

1, 221, Gm-qpxovro, imperf. of da-épxopar, not dm-dpxoua. Cp.
Even:

1. 228, éh-elmero, imperf. of ép-énopa (émt and Eropa), cp. II. 258,
IV. 160 n.

1. 233. Tadxous, probably the district between the modern Kars
and Erzroum, But this part of the route is extremely uncertain’.

} Ainsworth (Travels in the Track of the Ten Thousand) places the
Taochi a long way northward in Georgia, and carries the Greeks so far out
of their direct route. But Grote (Hist. of Greece, Appendix to chap. Ixx)
takes them only to the level of Erzroum, and argues that the time spent on
the march is fully accounted for by the difficulties of the way.

‘

142 NOTES.

1. 234. Distinguish dkouv, imperf. of oixéw, from g@ydpuny, innperf. of
olyopat.

1. 238. atperéov, ‘must be taken.’ Verbal adjectives in -réos imply
necessity (the Lat. gerundive, as amandus), those in -rds imply possibility,
(Lat. adj. in -bilis, as amabilis), Cp. IV. 142 n.

éont, the pres., not éora, the future, although ef pi) Anydpeba follows.
The sense is—‘ we have no provisions now, [nor shall we get any] unless
we take this fort.’

1. 242. metpatat, the subj. (contracted from me:panrar), not the indic..
(from meepaerat.) All compounds of av, as édv, Stay, etc. take the sub-
junctive mood. Cp. III. 67 n.

1. 246. Here and in 1. 250 ywptov means ‘a space of ground;’ else-
where (as in 1, 236) it means ‘a fort.’ It is properly a diminutive of
xwpa, i.e. ‘a little place.’

1, 247. tpia fpt-rAcOpa, about fifty yards. The mAé@pov was a
measure of length=101 English feet.

]. 252. évrad0a évOev, ‘to a point whence.’ ’Evrat0a properly means
‘in this place,’ answering to the question where? but it is often used
after verbs of motion, answering to the question whither? So we com-
monly say here, there, and where for hither, thither, and whither.

1. 255. petd todro. Cp. 1. 189, I. 128 n,

1. 260. éwel mpo-Spdpor, ‘every time he ran forward,’ Lat. quoties
procurreret. Conjunctions of time with the opt. often denote repeated
action, ‘ whenever,’

1. 261. Gpagar, ‘waggon-loads.’ “Apaga is here put for what it con-
tains, just as in 1. 67 opevddvn meant the stone from a sling and not the
sling itself.

1, 262. The ot goes closely with mp&ros, ‘fearing lest he should not
be the first to run,’ etc., Lat. ‘ veritus ne non primus percurreret.’

1. 265. éat-AapBaverar, ‘catches hold of.’ AapBavew is ‘to take’ and
governs the accus., AawBdvecOa (middle), ‘to take hold of,’ and governs
the genitive (77s frvos). But the active AaywBdavew also takes the gen.
of the part seized, as €AaBor ris (wns I. 276.

1, 266. pera rodrov. Cp. 1. 189 n.

1, 269. Distinguish tavrd, ‘the same,’ from raira, ‘ these things.’ Cp.
I. 275 n.

1. 270. kara-pplpovra, For the doubling of p in compound verbs
cp. 1.9 n.

1, 271. €m-AapBaverar avdrijs, cp. 1. 265 n.

1. 273. hepdpevor ‘with a rush,’ lit. ‘being borne along.’ Lat. eum
impetu delati,

évredOev, ‘hence,’ i. e. ‘in consequence of this.’

1. 277. “Apmacov, The Harpasus is possibly a north-western tri-

V, THE MARCH THROUGH ARMENIA. 143

butary of the Araxes (called Phasis in 1.176.) It has been supposed that
after crossing the latter river the Greeks had marched nearly 100 miles
out of their way to the north east, and were now returning in a
direction nearly parallel to their former route, through the country
of the Chalybes. (See foot-note on p. 141.) But it is more likely that
the Harpasus is the modern Tchorak Su, which flows into the Black Sea
near Batoum. (See Vocabulary.)

1. 280. mévre *pepdv, ‘in five days.’ The genitive implies close
connexion, ‘a part of, ‘within’ a certain period. Cp. rijs vucrds IV.
255 n.

1. 282. Distinguish dpos, ‘a mountain,’ from dpos, ‘a boundary.’ Cp.
1, 182 n. Where this Theches was is uncertain; but it appears to
have been off the direct road to Trapezus, into which the Greeks
returned, after dismissing their guide (1. 300.)

1. 287. det, ‘from time to time’ or ‘in succession.” Cp. rov de
év-tuyxavov7a IV, 127n. The next det means ‘continually.’

€Beov Spopm. Cp. IL. 54 n.

1, 288. petfov m1, ‘something very important,’ lit. ‘greater (than_
ordinary),’

1. 295. aept-€BaddXov. Note the force of the imperf., ‘they began to
embrace’ or ‘fell to embracing.’

1, 296. pépovor.. morotcr.. The change to the historical pres. from
the past tenses dp-ixovTo, mept-éBaddov marks the rapidity of the action.
[There is a good English example of this change of tenses in the
Pilgrim’s Progress, in the story of Giant Despair: ‘So when he arose, he
getteth him a cudgel, and goeth down into the dungeons to them...
Then he fal/s upon them, and bea’s them in such sort that they were not
able to help themselves.’]

1. 301. tis vuetés. Cp. 1. 280, IV. 255 n.

Spos péya, ‘a high mountain-range,’ running east and west, parallel
to the sea-coast. The Colchi occupied the coast of the Euxine from
Trapezus to the Phasis (beyond Batoum),

1, 306. dvri-trap-erafavto dadayya, ‘drew up against them in line?
The word pddayé does not necessarily mean a compact mass; it was
only the Macedonian phalanx that was so, and our use of the term
comes from this. The proper meaning is ‘a line,’ Lat. acies, as opposed
to ‘acolumn.’ In the present instance the Greeks first formed a Jine, but
finding this inconvenient for marching up the hill, they ‘disposed their
companies in columns’ (éroinoayto dpOious Tovs Adxous 1. 313). [Soldiers
cannot march ‘in line,’ (i.e. standing side by side) unless the ground is
quite clear, like a parade ground. Going along roads and all ordinary
marching is done ‘in column,’ i. e. some four or more abreast, and the +
rest following behind in a string.]

144 NOTES,

1, 310. kwAvouot 1rd py etvar. The Greeks use what is really the
natural method of putting a ‘not’ in each part of the sentence. We say
‘ prevent (i.e. ‘do not let,’) your being.’ They say ‘ prevent your [not]
being. [Cp. «wAvcovor pt ddAwdvev IV. 242, and the multiplied
negatives in I. 141 n.]

mada éomevSopev, ‘we have long been desiring.” The Greeks use
mada thus with a present or imperfect, where we use a perfect, as maAat
ép®, ‘I have long seen,’ Lat. ‘jamdudum’ or ‘ jampridem video.’

1. 311, @povs Kata-hayetv, ‘eat up alive,’ lit. ‘eat up raw,’ a pro-
verbial expression for the quick and utter destruction of people you
hate. [Cp. Homer, Iliad v. 35 wpov BeBpwOors Tpiapov Mpdpowd te
maioas, ‘mayst thou devour Priam and his sons alive.”]

1. 313. dp@tous tovs Adxous, ‘in columns.’ Cp. 1. 306 n.

1. 315. Spdpo Oéovras, ‘running at full speed.’ Cp. II. 54 n.

1. 319. T&v Kyptov, the partitive genitive, as we say ‘to eat ofa thing.’
Thus mive rod oivov is ‘to drink some of the wine,’ but mivew tov olvoy
would be ‘to drink up all the wine.’

1. 322. tiv atriy Gpav, i.e. ‘the same hour’ at which they were
taken ill the day before.

dv-eppévovy, ‘ began to recover theirsenses.’ [’Avd, means ‘ up again,’
as in dva-6appeiv, ‘to take heart again,’ dva-nveiv, ‘to recover one’s
breath.’]

1. 323. tpity Kal rerdpty fpépa, ‘on the third or fourth day,’ lit.
‘(some) on the third and (others) on the fourth day.’ So efs kai dbo,
‘one or two,” Lat. ‘ unus e alter.’

This poisonous honey seems to have been obtained from the flower of
a kind of azalea, still common in those parts.

1. 325. Tpamefoivra, Trapezus, the modern Trebisond. The name
is from tpame(a, ‘a table,’ because of a hill near the town, level at
the top and forming a ‘table land.’ Cp. the ‘Table’ Mountain near
the Cape of Good Hope.

1, 330. eloryxeoav. As the perf. éornxa is intransitive and means
‘I am standing,’ the pluperf. eicrnxew has the force of an imperf.,
‘I was standing.’ [The perf., pluperf., and 2nd aor. are intransitive,
the other tenses are transitive. Cp. II. 99 n.]

1, 331. T@ GyGv. Distinguish dydv, -dvos, ‘a contest,’ from dywv,
-ovTos, pres. part. of dyw, ‘I lead.’

1, 336. €5e. avrovs, ‘they were required’ by the rule of the race;
lit. ‘it was necessary for them,’

1, 338. Bwpév, probably the ‘altar’ on which the customary sacrifices
had been offered before the games, and which now served for a goal.
[But Bwpds (from stem Ba- in Baive), ‘a step,’ may mean any raised place
to which you go up, Lat. suggestus.]

VI, TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE, 145

CHAPTER. Vi.

TRAPEZUS “AND -SINOPE:

1. 4. duAakds, ‘watches,’ from gvAax?, not from pvAag, ‘a guard,’
which would make acc. pl. pvAaxas, cp. III. 201 n.

1. 8. A€you, ‘they applauded [saying] that he spoke well,’ the opta-
tive marks an oblique or reported speech after past time.

Distinguish radra, ‘the same,’ and radra, ‘ these things ;’ cp. I. 275 n.

], 12. mepuévere may be indic. or imperative. The sense decides.

éot’ av, i.e. gore av, ‘until? Compounds of dv take the subjunctive.
Cp. III. 67 n.

1.13. HoOyoav, Ist aor. pass. of fdouar. Distinguish foOnv from
noOdpnv, 2nd aor. of aic@dvoua, which has (1) no aspirate, (2) the t
subscriptum,

1. 14. @s Taxtora, ‘as quickly as possible.” Cp. V. 185 n.

1. 15. év 6, sc. xpdvw, ‘while.’ Cp. note on é« rovrov I. 85.

1. 16. émt delay, ‘to get booty.’ ’Eni with the accus. signifies motion
towards a thing, hence ‘for the purpose of.’ Cp. IV. 209 n. [In English
upon was once used in the same sense, and we still speak of going upon
an errand. ]

1. 21. pytpétoAts here means ‘chief town’ or ‘fort,’ just as we use
the word ‘metropolis.’ But it usually means the ‘mother-city’ of a
colony.

ovv-eppuyKkecav, pluperf. of cvp-péw (=ovv-péw), For the tenses of
pew cp. V. 9.

1. 22. toxupds, ‘exceedingly,’ lit. ‘strongly.? So in Latin valde, con-
tracted from valide, means ‘very,’ as valde magnus, etc.

1735, mpoaodor, ‘approaches [were] difficult.’

1, 25. ovv-elrovro, imperf. of ovy-émoya. For the distinction be-
tween eimépuny and elroy cp. II. 158 n.

1. 26. tAéious, being for mAcioves, is the nominative,

1. 31. Qéc8ar +a SmAa, ‘to stand under arms,’ or ‘to halt.” Cp.
I. 241 n.

1. 35. ela, imperf. of édw, contr. for efae, the augment contracting into
eu instead of yn, because of a lost letter F oe digamma), which came
between the two e’s. Cp. I. 280.

1, 36. movijoat TOv AdXoy, ‘ to form his company.” Lat. aciem instruere.

1, 39. Su-nykvAwpévous, ‘having (their fingers) passed through (8d)
the Joop (dywbAn) of the javelin,’ i.e. ready to hurl it.

L

146 NOTES,

1. 40. ém-BeBAnpEvous Eri Tats veupais, ‘having (their arrows) fixed
on the string,’ i. e. ready to shoot.

1. 41. SiO€pa, ‘a hide,’ here a ‘leathern bag’ or ‘ pouch’ for carrying
stones: it was hung from the slinger’s neck.

1. 42. tap-eoxevacro, plupf. pass., distinguish from wap-ecxevacato,
Ist aor. mid.

1. 44. Adyxat «.7.A. are in apposition to rd BEA.

1. 45. Hoav ot, ‘some,’ lit. ‘there were (those) who.” Lat. erant qui.
We have eicly of and jaav of in the nominative—but éotiv dy for eialv
av in the genitive, and so in the other cases.

1. 47. Gore .. dvéByoav, ‘so that they scaled it,’ i.e. in consequence of
the enemy retiring, Agasius and Philoxenus were enabled to scale the
fort unarmed. “OQore when it marks that a result actually did occur
does not affect the mood: when it simply means a probable result,
it takes the infinitive. Compare the English ‘so that he did’ and
‘so as to do it.’

1. 48. pera tovrovs. For perd, ‘after,’ with the accus. cp. V. 189,
I. 128 n.

1. 49. HAwKe, plupf. of ddAicxopa.

1, 50. The meAtacral, ‘targeteers,’ were distinguished from the Aoi,
‘light-armed’ (also called -yuzvjra:) by wearing the small shield
(wéAtn). They came therefore between the yxAot and the éwAtra: or
‘heavy-armed.’ Among the yAot were included the ‘slingers’ (apevdo-
vijrac) and the ‘archers’ (rofé7az).

1. 55. & €AaBov, ‘what they had taken.’ The aor. in a minor sentence
must often be rendered by the English pluperf. Cp. I. 254 n., II. 118 n.

1. 57. éx-wlarovres, ‘driven out.’ ‘Ex-win7a is used as the passive of
éx-BadAw, especially in the phrase éx-rinrew ris war pisos, ‘to be banished
from one’s country.’ [So «eiya:=‘I am placed’ (pass. of riOnyu), dmo-
O@vnoxw, ‘I am killed’ (pass. of dwo-«reivw).]

Distinguish d«p&, fem. sing. ‘a citadel,’ from d«pa, neut. pl. of
dxpoy, ‘ heights.”

1. 60. The first infin. AapBavew depehds on BovAopévous, the second
infin, tévat upon dyv-emeiv, with rovs BovAopévous as the acc. before
it,‘ to proclaim ¢hat those who wished fo take anything should go inside.”

1. 63. €Bevro ta SwAa, ‘grounded their shields,’ ‘ posted themselves.’
Cp. 1. 31 n, I. 241 n.

1. 67. Anwréov, ‘to be taken ;’ for force of -réos cp. V. 238 n.

1. 71. wai.. wat, ‘either .. or’ as we should say; lit. ‘both remaining
and going away were difficult.’

1. 72. é€v G, ‘while.’ Cp. 1.15 n.

1. 76. wal, ‘also,’ i.e. as well as those on the right: so 1. 78 «ai dwd
ToUTav Tay olKiGv,

VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 147

1, 77. Kat, ‘even,’ ‘quite,’ i.e. the houses not merely ‘ caught fire’ but
did so ‘rapidly.’ Cp. I. 21 n.

1. 79. 76 péoov éautav kal T&v TroAepiwv, ‘the space between them
and the enemy.’ Cp. V. 34 n.

1. 84. Distinguish atrfjs tis dxpas from rijs abrijs dxpas, cp. IV.
190 n.

1. 88. dt-réov, Lat. abeundum esse: -réos implies ‘must.’ Cp. V.
238 n.

1. 89. rods brép terTapdKovTa Ery, just as we say ‘over forty.” The
full phrase would be rovs trép rertapaxovta érn yeyovdtas (* born.’)

l. gt. [rocatra] tOv oKevdv doa py. Sxevav is partitive, dca py
means all which were not required: & od} would mean ‘those particular
ones which.’ Cp. 60a vépos ph xwAver V. 202 and n.

1. 92. Kepacotvra, Cerasus or Kerasunt, noted as being the place
from which cherries were imported into Europe by the Roman general
Lucullus, B.c. 73; hence the Lat. name Cerasus.

1. 101. &AAHAwv, the gen. after cvy-nxovov, ‘they could hear each other
shouting.’ The imperf. denotes ‘ whenever they shouted their neighbours
could hear them.’ For dovev with the gen. cp. II. 43 n.

Korn, ‘hollow,’ i. e. ‘full of hills and dales.’

1. 104. Tdv evSatpdvov, ‘the richer sort ;’ ed-daipuey is from ed, ‘ well,’
and daipoyr, ‘fortune,’ hence literally ‘ blest by fortune,’ i. e. ‘ prosperous,’
‘wealthy. So in English the notions of weal and wealth, prosperity
and riches are closely combined.

eottypévous. Herodotus mentions the practice of ‘tattooing’ as
prevalent among the Thracians of the upper classes.

1. 108. ots St-€AOovev. The opt. here is like the imperfect subjunctive
of a minor sentence in oblique oration. The direct statement would be
ovros BapBapwrara Aoav tavTwy, ovs Si-yAPopev.

1. 111. mpdgeav dv, sc. avOpwo, from 1. 109, i.e. ‘what people in
general would do.’

1, 112. 8t-eAéyovro éavtois, etc. ‘they would talk to themselves and
laugh at themselves,’ i.e. when quite alone.

étou tUXoLev. The opt. here adds to dmov the sense of ‘ wherever,’
Cp: Va.173' Ds

1, 122. é« Zwamns. Sinope was the parent city, of which Cotyora
was a colony.

1, 123. Sevds Aéyew, ‘clever at speaking,’ Lat. habilis ad dicendum.
Cp. V. 208 n. ;

1. 125. é« rovrov. Cp. I. 85 n.

1. 126. éévfov, imperf. of fevi¢w. Do not mistake this verb for a
compound with the prep. é.

1, 127. adrav, ‘from them,’ ‘ of them,’ gen. after muv@dvopas.

L2

148 NOTES.

1.131. €Eopev mpdypata, ‘shall have trouble.’ TWpayya is lit. ‘a thing
done,’ in pl. mpaypara, ‘affairs,’ ‘ business,’ hence ‘troublesome business.’

theiw, contr. from mAciova, comp. of rodvs.

1. 133. etvat Tovs paxopévous, ‘you will have to be the fighters’ (and
we shall have no trouble).

1. 134. & ytyvaoko, ‘what I chink.” For yyvwonw, as distinguished
from oiéa, cp. V. 190 n.

1. 136. Kat-exopevav, ‘7f held,’ because of the dy, ‘in that case,” which
follows with dvvawro. Cp. IV. 234 n.

1. 137. ot€, ‘not even.’

ot tavres dvOowrrot, ‘all men combined.’ Oi mévres means ‘the whole’
or ‘all collectively,” mavres means ‘every’ or ‘all distributively,’

l. 141. “Aduv, for the Hlalys and the other rivers, see Map at
the end.

1. 142. td wAota, Observe the force of the article, ‘tke transports’
which you will require. ‘Who will give?’ is a more lively way of
saying ‘no one will give.’

SiaBijre, the aorist gives the force of a perf. subj., ‘shall once have
crossed.’

1. 144. pev otv, Ody means ‘in fact I think,’ ‘in consequence of what I
have told you,’ the pév really belongs to riv-card~yhv-répeay, which is
opposed to éav 8€ mA€nre.

1. 146. “Hpaxdeiav. Heraclea (Pontica), situated on the Lycus in
Bithynia, was a Greek colony from Megara. Its king Lycus was said
to have treated the Argonauts with kindness. The modern Erekli is
only a small part of the ancient city, but there are extensive ruins, and
traces of old walls, to the east and north.

1. 151. émt rovrows, ‘with a view to this,’ i.e. to see what was the
will of the gods in the matter.

1.152. Ad@pa orpatiwrav, Lat. clam militibus; AdOpa with gen.=
‘without the knowledge of.’

Silanus was an Ambracian prophet, who had foretold to Cyrus, before
the battle of Cunaxa, that the king would not fight within ten days,
For this prophecy Cyrus gave him ten talents, which he wanted to
take home safely to Greece (1. 154); hence his opposition to Xeno-
phon’s scheme,

1. 158. rots woAAois, ‘ the majority,’ lit. ‘che many,’ the article imply-
ing a division into two parts, of which the other was smaller; hence
modAol, ‘many,’ but of rodAoi, ‘ most,’ like a superlative.

1. 160. éoBynoav. Distinguish between poBém, ‘1 frighten,’ and ¢o-
Béopat, ‘I am frightened,’ i. e. ‘I fear.’

1. 169. ém rovr, ‘with this object.’ Cp. note on ént rovrois
1, 151. ’

VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE, 149

1.172. tn-dpte, not merely éo7at, but ‘shall be with you ¢o start
with,’ [and you will get others].

1. 174. é€v TovT@, sc. xpdévw, ‘meanwhile,’ ‘for the time. Ev marks
the time within or during which anything takes place. Cp. év @ ll.
15, 72.

1. 176. Stws Aw. Aéfw must be 1 aor. subj, though in form it
might also be the fut. indic.

1, 178. rept adtod tovrovu ei dpewvov ein, ‘about this very point, [to
see] if it were better.” Adrés retains the meaning of ipse not only in
nom. but in gen., dat., and acc. also, when attached to a noun or a jro-
noun as here,

1, 181. S7t daivorro, The opt. shows that this was merely what
Silanus said, and that it might not be true. So also ws éy® Sta-vooipynv
below. But it is 671 adds ém-eBovAeve (the indicative) in the next line,
because the ‘ plotting’ of Silanus was a certain fact.

1, 183. S1a-BaddAew. See note on I. 12.

1, 185. ei é@pwv .. dv éoxdmovv, ‘if I had been observing you, etc.,

. I should have [now] been considering (imperfect).’ Aorists would
jean ‘if I had seen you, I should have considered.’

1, 191. The stress is on owfopévous, ‘that we should sail away in
safety,’

1. 194. yryvaon, ‘I perceive,’ or ‘I judge,’ lit. ‘I get knowledge,’ as
distinguished from of6a, ‘I know.’

6.00 ovres, ‘if you are together,’ = édy re.

1. 195. wat evrupor iocobe, ‘then you will both be held in honour.’

1. 199. tatrd. Cp. II. 143 n.

1. 200. év aogadel, ‘in safety.” Lat. tuto. The adj. is used substan-
tively. Cp. év dmdpous, etc., III. 50 n.

kpiveoOar depends on doxe?.

1. 201. émt rovrots, lit. ‘on these conditions,’ i. e. ‘ for this proposal,’
signifying their assent to what had been proposed.

1. 202. tév BovAsdpevoy, lit. ‘that he who wished,’ i.e. ‘whoever. wished,’
= 6071s BovAoTo.

1. 204. amo-5iSpackovta, ‘trying to run away,’ (force of the present).
For the meaning of dmo-d:5pdoxw cp. I. 272 n.

1. 205. ta-éoxovro, Translate by the pluperf., ‘kad promised,’ and
cpr. a54 le rion,

1. 206. ovK €pagay, in one word, =‘ refused.’ Cp. IV. 278 n

1. 210. eis Pow. This is the Colchian Phasis, which rises in
Mount Caucasus and flows westward into the Euxine. It is not the
same Phasis as the one mentioned in V. 176, which was properly called
the Araxes. Cp. V. 176 n.

L. 214. émv@ovto, ‘heard,’ 2nd aor. of qmvu(v)@-dv-ona, ‘1 learn by

150 NOTES.

enquiry.’ The pres. is doubly nasalized (like Aa(v)0-dy-w, etc.) by the
insertion of v and of the syllable av. Cp. note on tvyxavq I. 220.

1. 215. 8ta-vootro, ‘ was intending,’ or ‘intended,’ not ‘ would intend ;’
for the opt. after €Acyev Ore cp. 1. 184 n.

1. 218. KvxAot, ‘ circles,’ i.e. ‘ groups.’

1. 219. &s TaXtorTa, ‘as soon as possible.” Cp. V. 185 n.

1. 220, attopdrous, ‘of their own accord’ [lit. ‘self-moving’]. Cp.
Vicon.

1, 222. qkovgav ToD KypuKos. Tor dxovew with gen. of the person
Cpwll43'n;

1. 224. Sta-BaddAewv. Cp. 1. 183 above, and I. 12 n.

&s, supply ¢acxov7a to agree with tua, ‘ saying that,’ etc.

1, 226. datvepzat, ‘I am shown,’ or ‘proved;’ rather stronger than
5ox@, which would mean, ‘if I seem in your opinion to be doing wrong ;’
paivwpat adixety would mean,’ ‘if I am clearly doing wrong. 4

1, 227. é€m-Oere por Sikny, ‘impose a penalty on me, i.e. ae me.’
CpsF134:n-

1. 228. xpiobe aitots, ‘deal with them,’ lit. ‘use them.’ [So the
common phrase 7i xeon avTé ;=‘ What am I to do with him?’ also
the Lat. utor, ‘ treat’ as a friend, etc. ]

1. 229. otpat, ‘I suppose,’ contr. from ofopat.

Distinguish 6ev, ‘from what quarter,’ from Sov, ‘in what quarter.’
[Adverbs in -@ev are local ablatives, denoting motion from a place, as
nd0ev, ‘ whence,’ those in -ov are local genitives denoting rest at or ina
place, as mov, ‘ where.’}

1, 232. eis tovs BapBapous, ‘into [the country of] the barbarians,’ i.e,
into Asia. The Greeks contemptuously called all foreigners BapBapor.

Distinguish €m, accus. of éws, ‘the morning,’ or ‘the east,’ from a,
contr. from éaw, ‘I allow.’ Sense and not accent distinguishes éws,
‘until,’ from éws, ‘ morning.’

1, 234. da@ow. Cp. 1. 210 n.

1. 235. wadot mAot eictv, lit. ‘there are fair sailings,’ i.e. ‘the wind |
is fair for sailing.’ [MAoi, contr. from mAdo, nom. pl. of mAdos,
mois. |

1. 240. py BovAopévous, ‘if you did not choose,’=el pi BovdAaade.
Ov Bovdropévovs would mean, ‘ since [as a matter of fact] you do not
choose,’ = ot ob BovAecOe.

1, 241. wai 54 éav, etc., ‘and even supposing that by an act of deception
I should carry you to the Phasis.’

The é£-ataryoas is contrasted with Bracaipyny in the former sentence
(‘if I could not force you to go, I might perhaps deceive you into
going’). It literally means ‘having deceived you,’ i.e. ‘ by deceiving
you,’ like the Latin gerund in -do. Kai 54 means ‘ suppose that,’ ‘ put

VI, TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 151

the case that,’ so xal 5% reOvaor, ‘Well suppose they are dead, [what
then] ?’ (Eur. Medea 386).

1. 246. Bixkatws ye, ‘ justly at least,’ i.e. ‘their jealousy cannot be well
founded whatever else it may be; it may be real, or well assumed, but
not just.’

1. 252. Sta-Baddovtas. Cp. I. 12 n.

Sotvar Sixyny, ‘to give satisfaction, i.e. ‘to be punished,’ Lat. dare
poenas; dAafPeiv dixny is ‘to take satisfaction,’ i.e. ‘to punish,’ Lat.
sumere poenas. So also émOetvar dixny 1. 227.

1. 253. tro-cxeiv Sixyy, ‘ submit to [give] an account,’ i.e. ‘be put on
their trial.’

év T@ Tpdaev xpova, i.e. since the time when the five new generals
were chosen in place of those murdered by Tissaphernes. See III. 175,
and IV. 62.

l. 255. mp@tov, neutr. sing. of mp@ros, used as an adverb with
Aé€farrta, ;

1, 256. mot, i.e. at what stage of the journey. The kat emphasises
the verb in question, ‘ Where was it shen that,’ etc.? ‘ Where were you
so struck ?”

1, 257. Sou d&m-wAdAvpeba, etc., i.e. during their march through
Armenia (Chap. V. pp. 48, 49).

1, 258. adAAa pry, ‘ well indeed.’ My is a strengthened form of pév,
= ‘certainly,’ often =‘ yet.’

1. 260. iBpiarorepos, ‘ more vicious.’ "YBpis is used of all kinds of
wanton actions, and the ass was proverbial for being wanton even when
tired.

Distinguish Spws, ‘nevertheless,’ (1) from dod, ‘together,’ (2) from
dpoiws, ‘likewise.’

1, 263. ovSév eivat tovrwv, ‘that it [the reason he was beaten] was
none of these things.’

1, 264. od« pn, ‘denied’ or ‘said no.’ Cp. 1. 206 n.

1, 265. o05€ totro py, ‘said he did not do this either. Ov5e means
‘not even,’ ‘nor yet,’ or ‘ not either.’

1, 267. av-eylyvwoxev, ‘ began to recognise,’ lit. ‘began to perceive
again [who he was].’ Cp. 194 n. for meaning of yryevonw, [In I. 237
dva-yvyvwoxw had another meaning, ‘to read.’]

1. 268. 4 ov ef, ‘surely you are [are you not?].’ Distinguish #.

surely,’ from #, ‘ or,’ ‘ than.’

Tov Kdpvovra, ‘the sick man.’ Kdayyw, ‘I labour;’ hence with vow
understood, ‘I labour under a sickness,’ i.e. ‘I am ill.’ Cp. the Lat.
‘morbo Jaborare.’

1, 270, GAG, ‘ well but.” Xenophon admits that he did ‘throw the
things about,’ but is going to explain why.

152 NOTES.

1. 271. 8t-e5wxa, ‘I distributed.’ Acad means, ‘in different directions,’
or (as here) ‘to different persons.’

kat av, ‘you also,’ ‘ you on your part.’

1. 274. am-éSekas, ‘you produced.’ He was required to produce the
man committed to his charge at the end of the day’s march, as a con-
dition of getting back his goods.

ipeis. This is said to the assembled soldiers, but Xenophon resumes
his address to the man in the next sentence (jvayxaad oe, etc.).

1. 275. wat-eAelseto, imperf., ‘was on the point of being left behind.’

1. 279. &s, with the fut. part. signifies a purpose. Cp. II. 7on.

1. 281. Sn, opt. pres. of (aw. Contracted verbs generally have their
opt. in -oinv, -dnv instead of -otm, -gu:. Cp. IIT. 133 n. [Remember
that (aw and xpdopa contract everywhere into y instead of a, hence (7
from (ae, €¢n from é{ae.]

1, 284. émet, ‘after,’ Lat. postguam. He means to say that the sick
man died some time or other, notwithstanding his having been ‘ pro-
duced’ at the end of that day’s march. Cp. 1. 274 n. Xenophon points
out the difference between dying in the natural course of things, and
being buried alive.

1, 285. wat ydp, ‘well, for the matter of that,’ lit. ‘[yes] for we
also,’ etc.

1, 286. rotrou ovv évexa, ‘for this reason therefore,’ i.e. ‘Is this any
reason why?’ The ody connects Sef with dro-Oavyovpeba in the preceding
sentence, ‘Is it therefore necessary ?’

1, 288. maicevey dAtyas tAnyds, ‘gave him [too] few blows,’ the
cognate accus., or the accus. of a noun of kindred meaning with the verb.
So we say, ‘I struck him a blow,’ ‘ they fought a battle,’ etc.

Il. 289, 290. Note the force of the imperfects éxéAevev, av-loraro,
éXeyev, ‘ proceeded to command,’ ‘ offered to rise,’ ‘ went on to say.’

1, 2g1. tatoat 54, ‘that I certainly have struck.’

1. 293. mwAeoventeiv, ‘to get the advantage of,’ lit. ‘to have’ or ‘sry
to have more than.’ Hence it takes the gen. because of the compara-
tive mAéov.

ei émovotpev, (imperf.), ‘if we had been doing this (as a
habit).

&v am-wddpeOa, (aorist), ‘we should (once for all) have been lost.’

1. 295. ox eBéAovras, ‘refusing.’ Cp. I. 127 n. Distinguish é¢é-
Aovras, pres. part. of é@éAw, from é@edovrds, acc. pl. of éeAovTis, ‘a
volunteer,’ (II. 295. p. 41).

1. 297. wal éxaure, ‘even for myself.’ Cp. 1. 21 for the different
senses of xal.

1, 299. #Aavwvov, (imperf.) ‘I would urge him on,’ i.e. used to do $0
every time the occasion occurred.

VI. TRAPEZUS AND SINOPE. 153

1. 300. bypétynta, ‘ suppleness.” The adj. iypéds means (1) ‘ moist,’
(2) ‘soft,’ (3) ‘ pliant,’ especially of the limbs. [So Virgil, Georg. iii.
76, speaks of the ‘mollia crura,’ the ‘lithely moving’ legs of a high-
stepping colt.]

1. 301. id Tod KaO7oGat, ‘by the [act of] sitting down. ‘The article
with the infin. shows that the verb is used as a gerund or substantive.
Lat. sedendo.

ot SaxtuAor.. am-eonmovro. See the narrative in Chap. V. 127
(Pp 49):

1. 303. dtodertropévous, etc. See the same narrative a little further
on, ll. 137-144. ,

1. 304. wu, ‘with the fist. These adverbs in ¢ denote the instru-
ment, as Adé, ‘ with the heel,’ d5a¢, ‘ with the teeth,’ and a few others.
They are probably shortened forms of dative plurals. [For mv cp. Lat.
‘ pug-nus ;’ Germ. fust; Eng. ‘ fist.”]

1. 306. émt aya@g, ‘for good.’ ’Eni with the dative implies purpose.
Cp. énl @avary I. 276 n.

1, 307. Sotvat Sixnv. Cp. 1. 252 n. The sentence means, ‘I am
content (lit. ‘think it right’) to render the same kind of account [to
you], as parents do to their children, etc. [when they have chastised
them].’ In other words, ‘I claim to stand in the position of a parent or
a master to you.”

1. 308. UBpe, ‘through wantonness,’ ‘wantonly,’ ‘through an over-
bearing spirit.” Cp. 1. 260 n.

1, 310. Spws. Cp. 1. 260, second note.

1. 311. év evSig, ‘in calm weather,’ i.e. ‘in prosperity.’ All that
follows down to 1. 315 is a metaphor from a ship at sea.

1, 314. wal, ‘even. Cp. 1. 297 n.

épetrouyoet, ‘ will involve,’ lit. ‘ will cause in the matter.’

1. 315. ar-nx8dpny, 2 aor. of dm-ex@dvopa, Distinguish it from da- _
nx-Onv, Ist aor. pass. of dm-ay-w.

1, 317. GAAG pry, ‘but surely.’ Cp. 1. 259 n.

1. 320, mwept-eyévero, ‘turned out in the end,’ ‘came round,’ as we
say.

1, 321. €ws means ‘ while’ or ‘as long as,’ with a pres. or imperf. as
here; with an aorist ‘until:’ that is to say, with the continuous tenses

“it has the continuous sense of ‘ while,’ with the momentary tense the
momentary sense of ‘until.’

1. 325. Sore, ‘ on condition that,’ Lat. ea conditione ut.

1, 329. Q@vaavtes ..e5eimvouv. The sacrifices were momentary, the
feasts lasted some time.

1. 330. €yévovro, ‘ had been made ;’ ématavcay, ‘ had sung the paean.’
The Paean (1) a song of victory, as when Apollo killed the dragon

154 NOTES.

Python; (2) a battle song; (3) as here, ‘a festal hymn’ to the gods.
The aorist in a minor sentence must often be rendered by the pluperf.
Cpt 254511; 118: n;

1. 331. Spxjoavro ovv tots StAots, i. e. the dancers imitated military
movements by attitudes and gestures. These warlike dances were very
fashionable among the Greeks and Romans; they resembled the modern
ballet in many respects.

1. 334. TeXvixds tows, ‘in a sort of artistic manner,” lit. ‘somchow
artistically.’ [Distinguish mws, ‘somehow,’ from ms, ‘how ?’]

1. 336. tov SitadAxay, ‘ the Sitalcas-song,’ originally a song in honour
of Sitalcas, a Thracian king.

1.340. Kapratav, perhaps the ‘wrist-dance,’ from sapmos, ‘a wrist,
because the hands of the vanquished man were tied behind him (1. 347).
[Others say the ‘harvest dance’ from xapmos, ‘ fruit, but (1) the farmer
was sowing and not reaping, and (2) the brigand tried to get the oxen
and not the corn.]

1. 342. omreipea kai LevynAarel, i.e, imitates the motions of one sowing
and driving oxen. The whole performance was in pantomime. [Zevy-
mAat-éw is compounded of (edyos, ‘a yoke (of oxen),’ and éAar(np), ‘a
driver,’ from éAatos, éAabyw, ‘I drive.’]

1, 345. Tédos, ‘at last,’ lit.‘as regards the end,’ accus. of respect,
used adverbially.

1. 347. Td xetpe, instead of ra xetpe. In Attic (or Athenian) Greck
the feminine forms of the dual in -a and -av were seldom used. Thus
we find ta yuvatke, TH TéAee, etc.

1. 350. tore pev, ‘at one time,’ ... toré 5€, ‘at another time.’

os, ‘as if? Lat. canguam.

1. 352. €-exuBiora, imperf. 3rd sing. of é¢-cuBicraw. The xufroripes,
or ‘ tumblers,’ are mentioned both in the Iliad and the Odyssey. Xeno-
phon elsewhere describes the feats of one of them, who turned somer-
saults over a circle of upright swords.

1. 353. tTé&Aos. Cp. 1. 345 n.

76 Ilepouxov, sc. dpynpua, ‘the Persian dance.’

1. 354. &kAale, ‘kept crouching down.’ From the verb d«Aa¢ev this
Persian dance was sometimes called éxAacpa. [Hence_also the adverb
oxAdg, ‘in a crouching posture,’ formed like Adf, ddag, etc.] Cp.
1. 304 n.

], 361. &s éSvvato kadAAtora. This is the full form of the expression,
which commonly appears as ws «dAAcoTa, etc. Cp. V. 185 n.

1. 362. trv I[vppixynv. This was one of the great military dances.
It had its origin in Crete and Sparta, and its step was very quick and
light ; hence in prosody a foot consisting of two short syllables (uu) was
called the Pyrrhic foot. The Pyrrhic dance continued till quite a late

VII. SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS, 155

period and was adopted by the Romans. The dance is still kept up and
called the Romaika; so Byron says—
‘You have the Pyrrhic dance as yet,
Where is the Pyrrhic phalanx gone?’

1. 366. pare ddtcetv, etc. These were the terms which Corylas had
proposed on behalf of the Paphlagonians, and which the Greeks now
accepted. Cp. 1. 325.

peta tooTo, Mera with acc. means ‘after ;’ cp. I. 128.

1, 367. émev8ny, ‘now that.’ The 57 defines éwel more precisely as to
the time.

1. 369. ava-Badvres, ‘having embarked,’ eis 7a mAoia being understood.

1, 370. Zwaayv. The Sinopians were colonists from Miletus (on the
West coast of Asia Minor), who had settled in Paphlagonia.

CHAPTER: Viti

SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS.

1. 4. ylyveoQat, inperf. infin., ‘that they were getting near Greece.”

1.5. €AéoOat, 2nd aor. mid. of aipéw. AipetoOa: in the middle means,
‘to choose.’ The passive, ‘I am taken,’ is expressed by dAtoxopat,

1. 6. éreBov, imperf., ‘ ried to persuade.”

1. 8. pet{w, with yevéoOar (making the predicate), ‘would become
greater,’ or ‘increase.’ :

l, ro. wal, Cp. I. 21 n, Think what xa? must mean here.

THY Tpo-eipyaopévyy Sotav, ‘ the reputation he had already achieved,
lit. ‘worked out beforehand (by him).’

1, 13. See the account of Xenophon’s dream and the way he inter-
preted it in IV. 43 and following lines.

1. 15. qpéOy, ‘was chosen.’ Cp. 1.5 n.

1, 16. oup-paxodtpevos, the fut. part., ‘ intending to join Cyrus.

1, 19. pévrov, ‘ but,” or ‘however,’ corresponding to the pév in the
previous line [pév .. 5¢ is sometimes pév .. pévTor).

€py, understand 6 pavris,

1, 20, ém-ribeo Oar, ‘attack. ’Em-ridepos (middle) is lit. ‘I set upon,’
‘attack,’

1. 21. The stress is on tretdpevoy, ‘ gets its food when flying’

1, 25. ethovro, Cp. 1.5 n.

156 NOTES.

1. 26. GdAd, ‘well’ Lit. [I don’t refuse it] but for all that.’ Cp.
VI. 270 n.

iore. The sense decides whether it is the imperative, ‘I wish you
to know this,’ or the indicative, ‘ ye know this.’

1, 27. Kai éy® leads up to «ai byes.

]. 28. 6 tt dv, ‘whatever.’ “Av adds the force of ‘ever. When
combined with conjunctions or relative pronouns it is always followed
by the subjunctive.

1. 29. For és with fut. part. cp. II. 70 n.

1. 30. t@v dAAwv, neuter, ‘what remains (to be done),’ ‘all other
points.” Cp. 1. 35.

1. 34. ots, the contracted acc. pl. of ofs, gen. oids, acc. olv, Lat. ovis.
The acc. pl. of nouns of the 3rd declension, whose stem ends in a vowel,
often becomes, when contracted, the same as the nom. sing., as Bovs, vaus,
hpws for Bo-as, vj-as, Hpe-as.

1, 37. mopevréov ein, ‘ they ought to travel.’ For verbals in -réos cp.
VI. 88n. The optative is the past of the deliberative present subj. mas
TOpEvTeoY 7 5

1. 40. ovrta tpidv fpepdv, ‘provision for three days,’ or, as we say,
‘three days’ provision.’

1. 42, xufuenvots. The «u¢icnvds, sc. oratip, was a gold coin of
Cyzicus, worth about 20 francs, or a Napoleon, 15s. or 16s.

ll. 46, 47. Notice the force of the tenses here: ovv-fjyov, imperf.,
‘began to collect.’

éxéxAewro, pluperf. ‘[had already been shut],’ ‘ were kept shut.’

€patvero, imperf., ‘ began to appear.’

1. 47. SaAa, for éwAcra, ‘armed men.’ [So meAral, ‘ targets,’ is some-
times used for reATagral, ‘ targeteers.”]

1. 49. €« rovrov, ‘after this. Cp. I. 85 n.

1. 50, @s atoxpov ein. The opt. marks that this was what the
Arcadians and Achaeans said, whether it were true or not. Cp. VI.
181 n.

1. 51. Rv 5€, etc. The subject of jv is trep-qpicv, the complement
"Apkades kai "Axatof, ‘More than half the army consisted of Arcadians
and Achaeans.’

1. 53. &s Séor. For the opt. cp. l. 50 n, above.

xaQ” éavrovs, ‘by themselves,’ Lat. seorsum, lit. ‘as regards them-
selves.’

1. 55. ovv-éaryoay, the 2nd aor. of avv-icrnm, because it is intransi-
tive, ‘stood together,’ i.e. ‘combined.’ [In torn the 2nd aor., perf.,
and pluperf. are intransitive, the other tenses are transitive.) Cp. IL.

99 2.
eidovro, Cp. 5 n.

VII, SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS, 157

1. 62. trmucév, sc. orparevga, ‘a cavalry force.”

1. 63. dmo-Batvovovv, ‘disembark,’ ray mAoiwy understood.

1. 64. THs €v "Agia Gpakys, a portion of Bithynia inhabited by
Thracians, and called ‘ Asiatic Thrace’ to distinguish it from Thrace in
Kurope, or Thrace proper. (So we speak of Turkey in Europe and
Turkey in Asia, Russia in Europe and Russia in Asia.]

1. 68. ém-riPevrat, ‘attack.’ Cp. 1. 20 n.

1. 69. Distinguish avtov tov Spixpyta, ‘Smicres himself? from tov
avrov Spixpyta, ‘the same Smicres.’ [Sometimes the article is omitted
in the former case, as avtés “Hyqoavdpos, 1. 72 below.]

1. 73. Tis vuerés, ‘during the night,’ to be distinguished from vuxtds,
‘by night.’ Cp. IV. 255 n.

The stress is on woAXol, ‘assembled in great numbers? Oi moddot
pakes would be, ‘ the numerous Thracians,’ or ‘ most of the Thracians.’

ll. 74, 75. ératrovto .. éotpatomedevovro .. mpos-<BadAov. Observe
the force of the imperfects. ‘{When the day dawned], there they were
drawing themselves up, etc., .. where the Greeks were being encamped,
and they began to attack,’ etc.

1, 76. réXos, ‘at last.” Cp. VI. 345 n.

1. 77. etpyov, imperf. of eipyw, ‘1 restrain,’ ‘keep off;’ Lat. arceo.
Distinguish efpy-w from épy-a¢opar, ‘I work,’ which has perf. pass. eipy-
agyat. {There is no such verb as épyw or épyopa from épyoy, ‘ work.’]

kat. Think what is the sense of wal here. Cp. I. 21 n.

1. 80, ottws émpatav, not ‘did’ but ‘fared thus.’ Tpdrrew with an
adverb means ‘to fare.’ [So we say, ‘he is doing well,’ ‘how do you
do?? etc.] ®

1. 82. mapa Q@4Aarrav, ‘along the coast ;’ lit. ‘alongside of the sea.’
Tlapd with the acc. signifies motion along a given line, as well as motion
to get alongside of a thing.

1. 83. ris Opdens, i.e. Asiatic Thrace. Cp. 1. 64 n.

1, 84. “HpakdedriB0s, ‘the district of Heraclea, yfjs or xwpas under-
stood. [So 7 Meydpis, ‘the Megarid,’ or ‘district about Megara,’ etc.]

1. 85. Distinguish ov, ‘to some place’ (‘some-whither’), from ov,
in next line, ‘tz any place’ (‘ any-where’), To is properly a simple
locative, like oto, but as mov was used for ‘where,’ woe was kept for
‘ whither,’

jpata, imperf., ‘ proceeded to ask them.’

1. 88. twept-cexuxAdpevor elev, the perf. pass. in a middle sense,—‘ had
got round them in a circle,’ i.e. ‘had surrounded them.’ [So in Latin,
‘ cireumfunduntur hostem Romani,’ ‘the Romans surround the enemy.’]

1. 90. okotetv, ‘to reconnoitre.” The infin. in Greek, as in English,
may express a result very nearly resembling a purpose. In Latin it
would be wt observaret or ad observandum.

158 NOTES,

1. 92. Soa Spgev, ‘ whatever’ [lit. ‘as many things as"] ‘they might
see. The opt. marks indefiniteness, i.e. ‘at any time, in any place, in
any way. We might however use the indicative, ‘whatever they
saw,

1. 93. éwotouv, imperf., ‘ proceeded todo.’ Cp. 1. 85 n.

1. 94. aiBeoOar, ‘to be on fire’ with watchfires, Distinguish from
aigbéa@a, to * perceive.’

1. 95. ds eis paxyv, ‘in preparation for fighting ;’ lit. ‘as if for
battle.’

l. 101, ris éomépas, ‘in the evening,’ gen. of time. Cp. 1. 73 n.

1. 102. 4Set, pluperf. 3rd sing. of of5a, ‘I know.’

1. 104. oup-pitat, here ‘to join.” Note the two seemingly opposite
meanings of oup-piyvuyu, (1) ‘I join’ in a friendly way, as here; (2) ‘I
join battle with an enemy.’

1. 106. dopevor, lit. ‘ glad,’ i.e. ‘gladly,’ or ‘were glad to see;’ dopevor
being the real predicate.

1. 109. év peow “Hpakdelas kai Bufavriov, ‘midway between Heraclea
and Byzantium.” (See the Map.) Literally, in the middle as regards
Heraclea and Byzantium’ (gen. of respect).

1. 110. mpoxeipevoy, ‘jutting out,’ lit. ‘lying forward.’

1. 111, TO pev avrod, with xaO-qxov, ‘that portion of it which reaches
down into the sea.’

1. 112. dtroppwe, ‘ precipitous,’ lit. ‘ broken off ;’ cp. dw-€pparya, 2nd
perf. of do-ppyyvuju, ‘I break off.” ’Av-qKwv, ‘reaching upwards,’ as
opposed to xaQ-fxov, ‘ reaching downwards.’

1, 113. padAtora, ‘at most.’

70 eUpos, ‘ [in] breadth,” accus. of respect.

1, 115. oixfoat, the infin., as in English, ‘¢o dwell in.’ In Latin it
would be ad habitandum, or ubi habitarent. Cp. 1. 90 n.

Distinguish atrq tq wérpa, ‘the rock itself,’ from tp adrf mérpa, ‘the
same rock.’ Cp. 1. 69 n.

1. 116. mpds éorépay, ‘ [looking] towards the west.’

\Séos, ‘fresh,’ lit. ‘sweet,’ as opposed to ‘salt,’ or ‘ brackish.’ So
‘aquae dulces’ in Virgil, Aen. i. 167.

= 1.117. émxpareia, ‘under cover of the fort,’ i.e. ‘ commanded by it.’
(mi and xpa7os, * power.’)

1, 119. dv-qyeea. Cp. 1 112 n.

1, 120, él, ‘up to,’ i.e. ‘as much as.’ ”

yeG5es, ‘earthy,’ lit. ‘earth-like,’ contr. from -ye-o-e/5ys, from yj, ‘earth,’
and «lSos, ‘ appearance.’

1, 121, map-qKe, ‘extends along.’

1, 122. 4 GAAn xeapa, not ‘the other district,’ but ‘the rest of the
district.” (So in Latin summus mons, ‘the top of a mountain,’ medius

VII, SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 159

amnis, ‘the middle of a river,’ etc.] Distinguish xpa, ‘a district,’ from
xwpiov (its diminutive), ‘a place,’ or military ‘ position,’

1. 130. pvnoGetn, ‘should propose ;’ lit. ‘make mention of.’ So the
Latin memorare commonly means nct ‘to remember,’ but ‘to tell’ or
‘relate.’

Sixa rotetv, lit. ‘to make twofold,’ and hence ‘to divide,’ without
reference to any particular number of parts. The army had actually
split into three divisions (tpixn). Cp. 1. 57.

1. 133. él tH wopela, ‘with a view to marching,’ i.e. to see whether
they were to march or not.

1. 134. €« Tovrou, ‘in consequence of this.” Cp. 1. 49 n.

1. 135. 4x8ovro, Distinguish 7x9-dunv, imperf. of dyAopat, ‘to be
grieved,’ or ‘be in trouble,’ from 7#x-@nv, Ist aor. pass, of dyw. It might
also be the 2nd aor. of €x@avoya, but that verb is generally used in its
compound dn-exOavopm, Cp. VI. 315 n.

kai yap, ‘for in fact:’ if ‘for both” was meant, we should probably
have 7a Te yap.

1, 140. eis tpls, ‘up to thrice,’ i.e. ‘as many as three times.’ [Eis
implies going right into anything, hence with numerals it means ‘ fully,’
as eis xtAlous, ‘ fully a thousand men.’ |

1. 141. éylyvero, sc. xadd. The phrase yiyveoOa 7a iepd was often
used with the «add, or ‘ favourable,’ understood.

otk én dv éfayayetv, ‘said that he would not lead out,’ lit. ‘denied
that he would,’ etc. The &v goes with é¢-ayayeiv, and the ovx-&pn is to
be taken together as one word. Cp. IV. 283 n.

1. 145. o¥5€ ovrw, ‘not even so,’ i.e. ‘not even then,’ after they had
tried so many times.

1. 147, Ses éxovras, ‘in a dreadful state” “Eyew with an adverb
means, ‘ to be in a certain condition.’ Cp. IV. 2n.

vq évSeiq, the instrumental dative, ‘through their want.’

1. 150. Take mavras tovs Bovdopévous as the subject of iévat after
éxhpuge, ‘he proclaimed that all who wished should go.

1, 153. émt +6 AapBavewv, ‘in order to get (provisions),’ lit. ‘ for the
getting ;’ Lat. ad rapiendum or rapiendi causa. The article with the
infin, shows that the verb is used as a gerund or a substantive. Cp. L
24 Nn.

Phamabazus was the Persian satrap of Bithynia.

1.155. €« rovrov. Cp. Il. 49, 134 n.

1, 161, Tovs pév.. rods Sé, ‘some..the others.’ The piv, ‘on the
one hand’ prepares the reader for a 8, ‘on the other hand.’

1. 162, eis rd Strda, to the place where their arms were piled in camp.
Hence rd éAa came to mean generally ‘the camp,’ or ‘quarters,’
Cp. ll. 167, 172 n.

160 NOTES,

1, 163. vuxrés, ‘ by night,’ gen. of time. [So ‘ of’ was formerly used,
as Hamlet says (Act i. Scene 5) :—

‘My custom always of the afternoon.’
Cp. IV. 255 n.

1, 166. é€pupvov, the ‘strong’ or ‘fortified position,’ whose natural
defences were described in ll. 110-114. This the Greeks were about to
strengthen artificially by making a trench and palisade across the ‘neck’
of land (1. 112),

1.167. ava-AaBovres ta STAG, ‘having taken up their arms,” or, in
other words, ‘ moving their camp,” Cp, 1, 162 n.

1. 168. mpiv .. eivat, ‘ before it was.’

dpiotov, ‘breakfast,’ to be distinguished from adptorov, gen.. of
apsotos, ‘best.’ Cp. III. 15 n.

am-etapevoav.. am-ectatpwoav. The amd implies the cutting off
of the promontory from the mainland by means of the trench and
palisade,

1. 172. €evro ta Sta, ‘ piled their arms,’ so as to form a camptin
their newly-fortified position. Cp. 1. 162 n.

1. 174. avrod, ‘there,’ ‘where they were,’ gen. of place used as an
adverb.

1, 183. €ornoav, Think whether this is the transitive Ist aor. or
intransitive 2nd aor. of iarnm. Cp. II. 9g n.

1. 185. 8ta-Baréov, ‘must be crossed.’ Aca-Bardy would mean ‘ possible
to cross.’ Either would make sense here, but what the soldiers were
just now doubting was the necessity of crossing the ravine.

1, 186, tap-eyyuaor, ‘pass the word to.’ Tap-eyyvay (lit. ‘to pass
on asa trust’) is to pass along the word of command. ’Eyyv7 is ‘a
pledge’ (put év yi, ‘in the hand’).

1,188. as taxtora, Cp. V. 185 n.

1. 189. wuv-4\Oov, ‘kad assembled.” The aor. in a minor sentence
must often be rendered by the pluperf. Cp. II. 118 n.

tore, ‘know,’ the imperative, as it generally is when used alone like
this; in form it might also be the 2nd pl. indicative; the sense decides.
Cp. 1. 26 n.

1. 190. dpaxei pév, etc. The pév is answered by 88 in 1. 196, ‘without
jighting we cannot get away.. but still let us attack the foe.’ (impev 52
ém Tovs dv5pas.)

1. 194. €p-tovet Odppos kat, etc., ‘puts courage even into,’ etc. For
senses of xai cp. I. 21 n.

1, 196. Sv, instead of & dia-reropevpeba. In Greek the relative is
often made to agree with its antecedent in case, as well as in gender,
number, and person, But this is only done when the relative would
otherwise have been in the accusative, Cp. I. 290 n.

VII, SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 161

i. 199. Saov dv, ‘wherever.’ Cp. 1. 28 n.

1. 200, map-ayyetAas. Notice the force of mapa, ‘having passed word
along the line.’

], 201. Distinguish: y af ‘ where’ (Lat. gua), from 7%, the fem. article ; ),
nom. fem. of ds; #, ‘or;’ 7, 3rd sing. subj. of eiué; and 7, ‘surely.’

érvyXavev dv. Cp. IV. 5 n.

1, 202, &-€Byoav. Remember this is the 2nd aor,

émt padayyos, ‘in line,’ as opposed to ém «épws, ‘in column,” #ddaygé
means ‘a rank,’ or ‘line’ of heavy armed men, not necessarily a compact
mass, which applies only to the later Macedonian phalanx or line of
battle. [The word ¢adaygé is probably connected with ‘pale,’ ‘ pole,’
etc.] 5

l. 204. map-nyyéAAero, passive impersonal, ‘the word was being
passed along.’ Cp. 1. 200,

1. 205, €ws onpatvor, supply 6 cadmyk«ris, ‘until the trumpeter gave
a signal,’ “Ews, ‘ until,’ is generally followed by an aorist, but onpaive
is a regular expression for ‘the trumpet sounds.’ For the opt. cp.
lg2sn.

1. 206. KaO-évras eis mpoBodny, ‘couching (their lances) for the
charge,’ lit. ‘setting them down [off the shoulders] for a pushing
forward.’ Cp, our command, ‘charge bayonets,’ as opposed to ‘slope
arms’ on the shoulder.

Spdpo, ‘fast,’ our ‘at the double,’ lit. ‘at a run.’ See note on deiv
Spdpw IT. 54.

1, 207, map-yet, ‘went,’ or ‘was passed along the ranks.’ Cp.1. 204 n,

ll. 212-215. Observe the change of tenses in this passage. “Ym-ynvriafe
(imperf.), ‘began to confront them;’ épOéyfaro (aor. after émel in a
minor sentence, II, 118 n.), ‘kad sounded ;’ émwatdvifov (imperf.), ‘ began
the war-cry;’ «aQ-lerav (imperf.), ‘ were couching ;’ é8é€avro (aor. in
principal sentence), ‘ sustained ;’ €pevyov (imperf.), ‘ began to flee.’

1, 217. €-eimreto, imperf. of ép-éropa, ‘I follow after. [Distinguish
eiréuny, imperf. of éroua, from mov, ‘I said,’ and aor. of pyyi. Cp. II.
158 n.]}

1. 220, 45n, ‘at once.’

1, 221. ém-ékewro, ‘attacked’ Ketyar, ‘I lie,’ with its compounds, is
used for the passive or middle of 7i@nyu and its compounds; but ém-
Ti8ec@a: also means, ‘to attack.’ Cp. 1. 20n.

Ub 223. atr- €avoy, ‘ were killed.’ ’Amo-Ovjoxw is bas used for the
passive of dmo-xreivo, ‘T kill.’

1. 225. 76 PapvaPalov trmudv, sc. orpdrevpa, the same as of Sapva-
Ba ou inmets 1. 153.

1, 226, rv auv-eornés, ‘still unbroken,’

L. 228. Kai émi tovrous, ‘ against these also.” Cp. I. 21,

M

162 NOTES,

228. as pi Teéappykores dva-ravoatvro, ‘that they might not take
courage and recover themselves.’ @appéw is to ‘rally,’ ‘feel confidence ;’
dvaravopat, to ‘rest,’ or ‘ recover one’s strength.’

1. 229. 8m, ‘so then,’ ‘accordingly.’

1. 230. katé (with gen.), ‘down from.’

1. 235. €ws.. kata-pévor, ‘as long as the army remained,’ or ‘ might
remain.’ The optative marks that the length of their stay was uncertain
and variable.

1, 237. émt Aelav, ‘for plunder,’ i.e. ¢o get it. ‘Em with accus. marks
the object of their going. Cp. IV. 209 n.

1. 238, émére, with opt., ‘ whenever,’ or ‘as often as,’ followed by the
past tense €Sokev, ‘it was resolved.’ [The actual words of the resolution
would be émétav 70 o7parevpa éf-ty, dv Tis AGBy Tt, Sone? efvar Snpd-
a.ov, ‘whenever the army goes out, if anyone ¢akes anything. it is
resolved that this shall be public property.’ Cp. 1. 287.]

1. 240. érdyxavev 6v. Cp. IV. 5 n.

1, 245. Ta pév, ‘some,’ or ‘a part;’ ta 8€, ‘the others,’ or ‘the
remainder,’ Cp. 1. 161 n.

1. 247. wept-eot@ras, 2nd perf.=mepi-eornxdtas, the perf. part. of
m€pt-ioTnt, “Eornea is used as a pres. and means, ‘I stand.’ [For the
transitive and intransitive tenses of iornpe cp. II. 99 n.]

1, 248. ratra, sc. Ta mpBara, L245;

1. 251. dd-atpetrar, ‘rescues,’ the middle voice, The passive of aipéw
is supplied by dAioxopat, ‘I am taken.’

1. 254. Distinguish atrés 6 KAéav8pos, ‘Cleander himself, from 6
aids KéavSpos, ‘ the same Cleander.’ Cp. 1. 69 n.

1, 259. ov« épy &v yevéoGat, ‘said that it could not be.” Ovd-pnyp is
as one word, ‘I say [a thing] is not,’ and the & goes with yevéoOa.
Cp. lL. 141 n.

1. 260. tov dd-eAdpevor, ‘the rescuer of the prisoner,’ acc. after é«5ote,
This was Agasias, 1. 251.

1. 265. mwowjoat, ‘to do to me,’ i.e. ‘that he may do. The Greeks,
like ourselves, could express even a ee by the infinitive mood, In
Latin it would be ‘ut faciat.’ Cp. 1. 90 n.

6 mu dv, ‘whatever. Cp. 1. 28 n.

1. 269. ot8a dvra, ‘I know that he is.’ The Grecks used the participle
after verbs of knowing, feeling, etc., where the Latin would require the
accus, and infin,, scio hunc esse. Oida eivat means, ‘I know how to be.’
Cp. IL. 108 n.

1. 271, aipedeis, ‘having been chosen.’ The middle afpeto@a means,
‘to choose,’ and the perf. and 1st aor. gpyua and 7péOnv, commonly
have the same meaning in the passive, since dAicxopa is used for ‘1 am
taken.’ Cp. IV. 64 n.

VII, SINOPE TO CHRYSOPOLIS. 163

mevtnkovtopov, etc. While the Greeks were at Trapezus, waiting
for the return of Cheirisophus (VI. 10), the Trapezuntines lent them a
fifty-oared galley to collect transports with, Dexippus being put in
command of the vessel made off with it, and thus placed the Greeks in
an awkward position with the Trapezuntines.

js for #v, the relative being aétracted into the case of its antecedent.
Cp. l. 196, I. 290 n.

1. 273. tovtov, ‘from him,’ governed by the amo in dp e:Adpny, in the
next line.

1. 274. da-fyes, imperf., ‘if you had been taking him off.” Ei dmjyayes
(2nd aor.) would mean, ‘if you had taken him off,

1. 275. ov« .. ov8ev. In Greek two or more negatives make the
negation stronger. Here ot« dv énoinaa ovdéy is, ‘1 would not have
done anything? Cp. II. §9 n.

1. 277. Sid, with accus., ‘for the sake of.’ With the gen. it is ‘ by
means of,’ as 6d gov, ‘ by your means.’

ll. 278, 279. pev.. pévror=pey.. 5%, only the 5é is replaced by the
stronger word pévro., ‘ however.’

1, 281. keXevow, the Ist aor. subj. not the fut. Compounds of & (as
éay, Stay, etc.) always take the subj., ‘ whenever I give the order.’

1, 282, Distinguish airi@pat (contr. from aizidopat), ‘I blame,’ from
airéw, ‘I ask.’ a

1, 283. adrés, the nom. in apposition to odros, the subject of duoAoyel.
In. Latin it would be the accus. before the infin., ‘confitetur se eripuisse.’
Cp. IV. 286 n.

1, 285. €matov .. €Baddov, imperfects, ‘ I offered to strike,’ etc.

1, 286. ety, ‘ were,’ not ‘would be.’ The opt. is used in Greek after
ért, when the principal verb is in the past tense, but we use the past
indicative after ‘ saying that.’

1. 287. édv .. Ani{yrat, etc., the actual words of the resolution. Cp.
1, 238 n. The present tense means, ‘engages in plundering.’

1, 289. tyev, imperf., ‘ was bringing.’

1. 290. tots Ayorats, i.e. the soldiers who wished to keep the booty
for themselves, and got Dexippus to help them. See 1. 245.

Tapa, ‘contrary to,’ lit. ‘ beside the mark of.’ Cp. II. 75 n.

l. 292. Think before translating kat here, and cp. I. 21 n.

l. 293. peta tadra. Cp. I. 128 n.

1, 300, GAAG, ‘well.’ Cp, VI. 258, 270 n.

1. 301. tap-égopar tpiv, ‘will be present to you,’ i.e. ‘ will help you;’
Lat. ‘vobis adero” (Cp. ‘a present help in trouble,’ Psalm xlvi. 1.]

1, 303. €« tovTov. Cp. I. 85 n.

éni Ty Twopeia, ‘with a view to the march,’ i.e. to see whether they
were to march, Cp, l. 133 n.

M 2

164 NOTES,

1. 305. wal emphasises p@AAov, * even more (than before),’

1, 308, o& ylyverat, understand xadd, Cp. 1. 141 n.

1. 310. &s dv StvwpeOa KadAtora, lit. ‘as we may be able in the best
manner,’ i.e. ‘as well as ever we can.’ ‘The éy adds the meaning of
‘ever’ to the ds. Cp. 1. 28 n.

1. 312. €§-eropevovro, imperf., ‘ proceeded in their march ;’ ad-ixovto,
2nd aor., ‘ arrived.’

CrLAa he Vilt,

CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT,

1. 3. Eruxev dv, ‘ was at the time. Cp. IV. 5 n.

1, 10, &s do-mépwv, ‘intending to send away.’ ‘Ns with fut. part
denotes a purpose, Cp. II. 7o n.

1, 11. 4x8ovro, Cp. VII. 135 n.

1. 12, ém-ovrifeoOor. The infinitive expresses the purpose for which
they wanted money. Lat. ‘ quo commeatum facerent.’

1. 13. Ort peAAOL, ‘that he intended,’ not ‘would intend.’ Cp, VIL
285 n,

1. 14. 454, ‘at once.’ Cp. VII. 220 n,

1. 15. &s here means ‘as if;’ ws cup-ropevadperos, ‘under pretence of
going with.’

1, 16, émeSav (=éred) by),'‘as soon as ever. ’Emecd7 is stronger
than éet, and the éy adds the force of ‘ever.’ Cp. VII. 28 n.

yévytat does not simply=jj, ‘shall be,’ but ‘shall have been got
outside.’ Cp. IV. 125 n.

1. 20, &s taxtora, Cp. V. 185 n.

1. 29, O€ovor Spdpq, ‘run fast,” lit. ‘ata run. Cp. IT. 54 n,

eis-révres is the fut. part. (since fy: = ibo), therefore with ws it marks
a purpose. Cp. I. ron.

1. 30. Eteonicus had been posted at the gate, with orders to secure
the bolt as soon as all the soldiers had gone out.

1, 31. avroi, nom. in apposition with the subject of €Aeyov. Cp. VII.
283 n, Ot orpardrat, i.e, the soldiers outside,

1, 32. dv-olfovor, the fut. ind. instead of the opt. ina reported speech,
The soldiers would say, ‘ We will smash the gates, unless you will open
them’ (dvoifere), and the Greek historian in repeating their words

VIII. CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT, 165

keeps the tense and mood, only changing the person from second to
third.

1. 35. érdyxavov évres, Cp. 1V.5n. There had not been time to
get the whole army out of the town, before those outside began the
disturbance.

1, 36. dva-reravvvovat, 3rd pl. pres. ind. of dva-merdvvujs, Verbs in
-vupu often form this person as if from a verb in -vw, instead of making
it end in -vact. e

1. 38. td yryvopeva, imperf. part., ‘what was being done.’ [Td
yevopueva, 2nd aor., would mean ‘ what was done.’ | ;

1. 42. of &¢ kaQetAkov. Of 5€ means, ‘those who fled to the ships.’

1. 45. tHV dkpav, the same as 77v dxpéroAw in the next line,—the
‘citadel’ or ‘ castle.’

1. 51. dv8pt aya0d, the dat. in apposition to aot, which is governed
by éf-eorrv, [So in Latin ‘ T'hemistocli licuit esse otioso,’]

1. 52. et BovAovo.. dv dévqcats. The opt. means, ‘if you were fo desire
it, you would benefit.” Cp. IV. 113 n. for the four forms of conditional
sentences, of which this is the ¢hird.

1. 54. GAAd, ‘well.’ Cp. VI. 270, VII. 300 n.

1. 55. Q€00 ra SarAq, lit. ‘ground your shields,’ i.e. ‘fall in, or ‘stand
ready under arms,’ not ‘lay down your arms.’ Cp, I. 241 n.° Xenophon
knew that his only chance of restoring order was to get them to fall in
to their proper position in rank.

1.56. as taxtora. Cp. V. 185 n.

l. 57. wap-ayyé\Aew, ‘to pass the word along the line (mapa).’ Cp.
1. 204 n.

1. 59. €ketro, used as the passive of 7ri@nj (VII. 221 n.), therefore ta
émAa ékevro means, ‘the arms were grounded,’ i.e. the soldiers stood
ready. Cp. 1. 55 n.

1. 62. 76 Ovp@, not ‘mind,’ but ‘your passion.’ Ovyds (from Oa,
‘I rush’), means the part which feels, and gets excited, i.e. the pas-
sions and emotions (Lat. animus), vods being the part which ¢hinks,
i.e. the intellect (Lat. mezs).

TiswpyoopeGa, ‘punish,’ lit. ‘avenge ourselves upon.’ Cp. I. 151 n.

1, 64. & €orar évredOev, lit. ‘what will be thence,’ i.e. ‘what will be
the consequences.’ “Evred@ev = éx TovTov.

1. 71. dd-atpyodpevor, fut. part., ‘intending to take away ;’ Lat.
adempturi. So ao-«tevodvtes, ‘ intending to kill ;’ Lat. occisuri.

1. 72. mpds Gedy, lit. ‘ before,’ or ‘in presence of the gods ;’ hence in
taking an oath, ‘ by the gods:’ Lat. per deos (vos oro).

1. 73. tats matpiot, ‘to our (respective) fatherlands,’ i. e. the several
states in Greece to which we each belong.

1. 77. The stress is on ‘EAAnvida and mparny, ‘ the first Greek city we

166 NOTES,

entered,’ lit. ‘a Greek city into which (as the) first we came,’ mpwrnv
being in apposition with fv. [Cotyora is called ‘a Greek town’ (VI.
117), so also were Trapezus and Heraclea; but being in Asia and under
the king of Persia, they are here ranked as ‘ barbarian’ as compared
with Byzantium. ]

1. 79. tojoovtes, ‘ with the intention of doing.’ Cp. 1. 71 n.

1. 81. otx é€-atratmpevor, etc.=‘not because we are deceived, but
because we consent.’ A Greek participle must often be translated by a
conjunction and the indicative of the verb. Cp. I. 261 n.

1, 85. meBopévors, ‘if they obeyed,’ lit. ‘obeying.’ See preceding
note, and reference to I. 261.

1. 86. é« rovrov. Cp. I. 85 n.

1, 88. Sta-mpagacOat Strws, etc., lit. ‘to manage matters (with
Anaxibius) so that,” etc., i.e. ‘to arrange that,’ to get leave from
Anaxibius. Ard gives the force of ‘ effecting thoroughly.’

1. g1. 4xw, ‘I am come,’ or ‘have come,’=the gerf. of épxopar, ‘1
come,’ or ‘am coming.’

1. 97. St-ehépovto, ‘ were disputing,’ lit. ‘were going different ways’
(8:4). So we say ‘to have a difference,’ i.e. ‘a quarrel.’

1. 99. dtro-8iBdpevor. Distinguish dzo-didwp (act.), ‘I give back,’
from dmo-didopnat (mid.), ‘I sell.’

1, 100, ot 8€, ‘and others,’ besides those who sailed away.

kata tas modes, ‘in the different towns. Kara is here distributive.
Cps1V./230 n-

1, 101. yeyvopévewv, imperf. part., ‘if this went on.’ Cp. 1. 38 n.; ive.
by getting this done he would please Pharnabazus.

1. 102. xapilecOar PapvaBafw, because Pharnabazus, the satrap of
Bithynia (VII. 153 n.) was afraid of having the Greek army so near his
province. See ll. 1, 2 of this Chapter.

1, 104. &ppoorys, ‘as governor,’ in apposition to d:d5oxos.

1. 105. &tro-Séc0@at, ‘sell as slaves.’ Cp. 1. 99 n.

1, 107. €Adttovs. What is the uncontracted form of this word?

1. 108. mapa-rAevoas, lit. ‘having sailed along (the coast),’ ie.
‘having coasted along.’

1, 109. For Parium and Perinthus (1. 112), see the Map and
Vocabulary.

1, 110. @s Taxtora. Cp. V. 185 n.

Tous St-eorrappévous THY oTpatiwray, lit. ‘the dispersed (ones) of the
soldiers,’ i. e. * those of the soldiers wko had been dispersed’ (1. 100).
=rparwrav is the partitive gen.

1, 111. S:a-BPafav, Remember that 6.Bd{w and its compounds are
transitive, ‘to cause to go.’

1. 114. elmovro, to be distinguished from elwov, Cp. II. 158 n.

VIIIL. CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 167

1, 115. &s Sta-Byodpevor, lit. ‘as about to cross,’ i.e. ‘because they
were going to cross,’ or ‘at the thought of crossing’ (after dopevot).

1. 119. bm-cxvouvpevos, ‘though he promised,’ the participle, or
‘though promising.’ Katmep is usually added to a participle to mark
that it means ‘although.’ Cp. I. 261 n.

1. 121, elwe Tots orpatidtats pr mepatodaGat, ‘told the soldiers not
to cross;’ Lat. ‘ militibus imperavit ne trajicerent.’ [Eime tovs otpati-
Tas ov mepaovca, would be, ‘ said that the soldiers were not crossing ;’
Lat. ‘dixit milites zon trajicere.’]

1, 123, ékéXevoev, ‘had ordered.” The aor. in a minor sense is
generally translated by the pluperf. Cp. II. 118 n.

1, 130, THs vukrés. Cp. IV. 255 n.

1, 135. S00 dvSpas. A dual adj. may always be put with a plural
noun (and vice versa), unless particular stress is laid upon the fact that
two only are meant.’ Cp. I. 1 n.

1. 136. ém-nqpero. Distinguish (1) jpdunv, 2nd aor. of Epopa: (pres.
épwraw), ‘I ask,’ (2) npépunv, imperf. pass. of afpw, ‘I raise;’ (3)
npovuny, imperf. of aipéoua, ‘I choose.’

6 tt BovAotto xpioGa, lit. ‘in what he wished to use,’ i.e. ‘ what use
he wished to make of.’ "O 1 is the accus. of respect, ‘as to what.’

1, 138. Ovvav. The Thyni originally inhabited the Thracian district
near Salmydessus on the Euxine; but were driven into Asia, and
colonised Bithynia, formerly called Bebrycia.

1. 139. The dominions of Maesades were a dependency of the Odrysian
kingdom. When the power of the Odrysae declined, the whole kingdom
was divided, and then Seuthes lost that portion of it which his father
had ruled. The Odrysae once had a very extensive dominion, on both
sides of the Hebrus (now the Maritza river). At one time their power
extended beyond the Haemus (Balkan) range to the Danube, and as far
west as the Strymon; thus including most of the eastern portion of the
modern Roumelia and Bulgaria. It was now on the decline.

éx-mrimret, lit. ‘falls out, i.e. ‘is banished.’ °*Ex-mimrw is used as the
passive of éx-BdAAw, ‘I cast out.’

1. 141. T@ viv Baotde?, ‘the present king.’ Any word or words
between the article and its noun=an adjective. Cp. I. 109, IV.
124 n.

1, 142. GAAotpias. *AAAdzpros is the possessive of dAAos, ‘ belonging
to another.’ Cp. the Lat. alienus from alius.

1, 144. Tipwpoipny, middle, ‘take vengeance on,’ i.e. ‘punish.’ Cp. I.
I5I n,

1,145. a&tro-BXérrwv, ‘looking’ for my daily maintenance, as a dog
watches for scraps from the table. "Amo-BAémev is lit. ‘to look away
from’ everything else towards one object, hence ‘to look eagerly.’

168 NOTES.

1. 146. &« rovrou, here ‘in consequence of this,’ not merely ‘after this,’
as in former instances (I. 85, etc.).

1.147. OWeo@e. Observe the sense before translating.

Il, 148, 149. el... mapa-yévorde, etc., ‘if you were to join me, I think
I should, etc. The opt. marks that the event of the Greeks joining
Seuthes is as yet uncertain, a mere possibility in fact. This is the third
out of the four forms of conditionals, IV. 113 n.

1. 151. et EAOotpev, ‘if we were to come.’ See the last note.

Il. 155-157. édv py Sta-mpagwpev..av Sébe. This is the second
form of conditional (IV. 113 n.); ‘if (by any chance) we shall not have
succeeded in doing this for you, will you receive us,’ etc. [When the
principal verb is in the fut. ind., the ‘if? clause generally has éay with
the subj. ]

1. 156. Supply édv from the former line before 4.

1.157. BovAdpeOa, not BovAwvra, because the antecedent to deor is
Hpas, ‘as many of us as desire.’

1. 160. tiv Ovyarépa. The article 7jv marks the possessive of the
same person as the verb wow, Cp. I. 15 n.

1, 161. Although ts has an accent, it means ‘any,’ not ‘who?’ The
accent does not belong to it, but is thrown back from the got following ;
ei would not have any accent if it had not the accent thrown back
from Ts,

1.162. The custom of buying a wife prevailed in other Eastern
nations besides Thrace, and anciently in Greece itself. [Hence one
meaning of the word é5va in Homer is money paid by the suitor to the
parents of the bride.] For Bisanthe see Map and Vocabulary.

1, 163. t&v-éri-Badatty-xwplwy. For the article and noun with
words between, cp. I. 109 n. ;

1. 169. The stress is on évOaSe pévovres, ‘whether you will stay here
and consult, or,’ etc.

1,175. &w-tdvres, fut. part., lit. ‘about to depart,’ i.e. ‘for departure.’

1. 176. ov-onevaleaQe, ‘pack up.’ Sv-cxevaecGar is ‘ to collect (and
pack up) one’s baggage (7a oxevn).’ Lat. vasa colligere,

1,178. pera ratra, Cp. I. 128 n,

e(rovro. Cp. 1. 115, II. 158 n.

1, 182. Somep xai viv. Supply the 2nd pl. pres, ind. act. of the verb
from which AyWeoGe comes.

1, 184. 81a-1iOdpevos, ‘disposing of (by sale).’ AcariOny: is lit. ‘I put
in different places,’ Lat. dispono, whence our ‘ dispose.’

wopitw, Think what mood this must be after iva,

1. 185, éw-yjpero. Cp. 1. 136 n.

méaov, ‘how much?’ i.e. ‘how far?’ Lat. quantum,

ll. 186, 187. ovSap%, woAAaxy, properly datives of place, meaning

VIIT. CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT. 169

‘no-where,’ ‘in many places,’ but here rather implying ¢ime, ‘on no
occasion,’ ‘on many occasions,’ i, e. ‘often.’ [Though these words were
originally datives, the t subscript was dropped when they came to be used
simply as adverbs. So mavrayf, dAAaxi, etc.]

1. 187, éwt rovrots, ‘on these conditions.’ Cp. IV. 350 n.

1, 190, Kata takets, lit. ‘according to ranks,’ i.e. ‘in separate ranks.’
Cp. 1. 100 n.

1. 191. &s wap-tdvres. For ds with the fut. part., cp. II. 7o n.

1, 195. péytora, superl. of peyddws, adv. of péyas. The superlative
of an adverb is generally only the neué. plur. of the superlative of the
corresponding adjective.

6 tt dv éxqs, ‘whatever you have’ or ‘ may have.’ Cp. VII. 28 n.

1, 196. The stress is on ebvous, ‘it is because I am well-disposed to
you that,’ etc. Cp. I. 261 n.

1, 198. tetoet. Remember (1) that maoxw may mean to ‘get good’ as
well as to ‘get harm ;’ (2) that méoyw being used as passive of moew
(‘to treat well’ or ‘ill’) is followed by iad marking the agent.

1. 201. tpimwodes, ‘three-legged tables.” Each guest had a table to
himself, and these were brought in and removed at each course.

1, 204. wapa-kewpevous, ‘which were set near him.’ Keipat is used for
the passive of ri@nu. Cp. III. 207, VII. 221 n. ,

1. 205. kata puixpdy, ‘in small pieces,’ Kard is distributive. Cp.
1, 100 n,

1. 206. Exewwro. Cp. 1. 204 n.

1. 207. Distinguish rabrd, ‘the same things,’ from tadra, ‘ these things,’
Cprbi275n,

Sewods cayetv, as we say ‘a éerrible one to eat,’ i.e. ‘a great cater.’

1. 210, éSeimver, imperf. ‘went on with his supper.’

1, 214. tt A€you, ‘what he said,’ the indirect question after Apora.
But in the next line it is 6 re Aéyou, ‘ what,’ i. e. ‘that which he said,’

1, 216. pev 84. The pév leads up to the 8é in the next section, the 5%
winds up this paragraph. The two=‘so then,’ and are used to mark
the end of one subject and the beginning of another.

1. 218. mpo-mivw got, lit. ‘I drink before you,’ i.e. ‘I drink your
health.’ In asking a man to drink wine with you, the Greek custom
was to drink first yourself and then Pass on the cup.

1, 220. SidKwv, ‘when you pursue,’ diro-xwpav, ‘when you retreat.’ Cp.
I. 261 n, Observe xaf.. a answering to one another, .

1, 221. dawo-devfer, Remember that the fut. of pebyn is pebfopa, not
gevéw, "And implies ‘ get clear off.’

1, 223, 6 te motot, ‘what he should do,’ the deliberative opt. after
Yropeito.

1, 223. €kd@n7o. Why is the augment before the preposition? Because

170 NOTES.

ka@-nuat was so much oftener used than the simple verb yar, that it
ceased to be treated as a compound at all. Cp. IV. 60 n.

1. 227. eivat, the infin. in Greek expressing a result or consequence,
where the Latin would require ué or gui with the subj., (qué simus or
futuros). Cp. VII. go n.

1, 229. Distinguish peta tovtwv, ‘with these (men),’ from perd radta
(1. 234), ‘after these (things).’

1, 232. avrtoi, ‘of their own accord,’

1, 234. avAotvtes Képact, ‘playing on horns.’ AvaAéw is lit. ‘I play
the flute,’ or ‘ flageolet,’ hence simply ‘I play (any instrument).’

1. 235. toAepixdv, ‘a war-cry, some neuter word, such as Adaya,
‘a shout,’ being understood.

ef-yAaro, Ist aor. of éf-aAAoua. Seuthes was performing a mimic
war-dance, like the one described in Chap. VII. 330.

1. 240. pvAdEaoGat, middle, ‘are on their guard.” Cp. III. 91 n.

1. 243. émdtav, ‘as soon as ever.’ Compounds of dy always take the
subj.; av when not attached to a conjunction can never go with the subj.
Cp. VII. 28:n.

1, 247. elwovro. Cp. Il. 114, 178 n., also IT. 158 n.

_ 1. 249. atrés, the nom. in apposition with the subject of €y.
In Latin it would be ‘dixit se ipsum speculaturum esse.’ Cp. IV.
286 n.

1. 251. Ajoopev .. émt-weodvres, lit. ‘we shall escape notice having
fallen upon,’ i.e. ‘we shall fall upon unperceived.’ Aav@dvew with a
participle (or a verb with the part. of Aav@avw) may often be translated
by an adverb ‘secretly,’ ‘unawares,’ etc., as Aav@ayw moav or raw
Aaday, ‘I do it secretly.’

1. 255. 45m, ‘already,’ Lat. jam, in 1. 257 ‘at once,’ Lat. jam or
profecto,

1, 258. katra-Qciv. Remember this has nothing to do with «ara-Getvat,

1, 259. &s taxtota. Cp. V. 185 n.

1, 267. GAAG, ‘well.’ Cp. VI. 270, “Eya pév answers to od Sé in
next line. ‘

1, 268. wapa-retvat THY pdAayya, ‘to extend his line along.’ #dAayf
in Xenophon does not mean a compact body of men, but ‘a line of battle.’
Cp. VII. 202 n.

1. 270, avrotv. Cp. VII. 174 n.

1, 273. &mo-5é00at, the Greek infin. marking design, Lat. ut venderet,
Cp. lL. 227, VIL gon.

1. 277. & épépovro, imperf., ‘which they were carrying,’ i.e. ‘while
they were carrying it.’

1, 278, & otvos, etc. So Ovid, writing from his dreary place of exile
at Tomi, near the mouths of the Danube, says (Tristia, i, 10. 23)—

VIIl, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT, 171

‘Udaque consistunt formam servantia testae
Vina, nec hausta meri, sed data frusta bibunt.’
‘Liquid wine grows solid, keeping the shape of its jar, and they drink
not draughts of wine, but pieces of it.’

1. 279. am-exatovro, lit. ‘were burnt off,’ i.e. ‘ were frost-bitten.” The
imperfect implies the frequency of the occurrence. ‘The expression
‘burning’ is sometimes used of intense cold, as well as of intense heat.
[So Virgil uses adurere of the north-wind, and Milton in Par. Lost,
ii, 294, says, ' 5

‘The parching air
Burns frore (=frozen) and cold performs the effect of fire.’]

1, 280, avrod. Cp. 1. 270 above.

1. 282. avwratw, adverb, superl. of dyw. Comp. dvarépw. Coming
between the article rq and its noun «wpy it has the force of an adjective.
Cp. I. 109 n.

1, 286. ém-riPevrar, Cp. VII. 20 n.

1, 289. é-vévta dtro-OvqoKev, ‘to come out and be killed.’ ’Amo-
Ovnoxw is used for the passive of dmo-xreiw, ‘I kill.’

1, 290. ot tept tov Zevodavra, lit. ‘those about Xenophon (including
himself),’ i. e. ‘Xenophon and his friends.’

1, 291. ZtAavos Maxiotios, a neighbour of Xenophon. This is why
Xenophon mentions him here particularly. (See Vocabulary.)

1, 294. of peév, ‘some,’ of 8€, ‘others. Cp. VIL. 161 n.

1. 297. am-€Bave. See note on 1. 284 above.

1, 300. kal, Think before translating. Cp. I. 21 n.

tpitAactay, i.e. ‘three times as much’ as he had before the Greeks
joined him,

1. 304. & A€youev, ‘what they said,’ not ‘might say ;’ the oft. is used
in Greek in a reported speech after a principal verb in the past tense
(ém-e5eixvuev), where we should use the indicative.

1, 306. ovK-épy, as one word, ‘refused.’ Cp. IV. 278, 283 n.

TipwpycacOa, ‘to avenge himself upon,’ i.e. ‘to punish.’ Cp. 1.
151 0.

1, 308. Exew Siny, lit. ‘have penalty,’ i. e. ‘are punished.’

ei €covtat, ‘if (as is the case) they will be,’ or ‘since they will be.
Conv 2p3n:

1. 309. Spypovs, ‘as hostages,’ in apposition to tods Suvatwrd-
TOUS.

1, 310. Kakév tt trovetv depends on dvvatwrarous.

Distinguish é@y, infin. of éaw, ‘I allow,’ from édy, ‘if;’ also oto, ‘at
home,’ from of*o, ‘houses.’ Cp. I. 298 n.

1, 314. Hs, instead of iv, after da-é50rT0, The relative is ‘attracted’
into the case of its antecedent Aeias. Cp. I. 290 n.

172 NOTES.

1. 314. aw-é5070, ‘had sold,’ being in a minor sentence. Cp. I.
118 n.

Distinguish amo-didwpu, ‘I give back,’ ‘render,’ from dio-d5i5opat (mid.),
sdisell = Cpl. ogrn:

1. 316. mAetov ris Acias, ‘more of the spoil’ than had produced the
pay for twenty days.

1. 319. wAnpy tov proGov, ‘the pay in full,’ wdfpn, i.e. ‘the pay
which you brought would have been in full,’ being the predicate to Tov
sicOcv. Cp. note on 7dtv Tov tpdmoy III. 206.

é5vvw, 2nd sing. imperf. of dSvvaya, shortened from édvva(a)o.
Ki py Suva, ‘if you had not been able.’

1. 320. rotrov, sc, Tov puaOuv.

kai amédou dv, ‘you would even have sold.’ This is the last of the
four conditional forms given in the note on IV. 113.

1, 322, &-€BadAe. Cp. I. 12 n.

1. 323. 6 Tt, the accus. of respect, ‘in whatever respect,’ i.e. ‘as much
as.’ Ott in the next line is ‘ that.’

1. 325. 4x@ero. From what verb does this come? Cp. VII. 135 n.

1. 326. 8t-éketro, ‘was disposed.’ Cp. III. 207 n

1, 329. mapa OiBpwevos. The Ionian cities of Asia Minor had sought
Spartan protection from Tissaphernes, who was now avenging himself
upon those who had supported Cyrus in his rebellion (see beginning of
Chap. I.), The Spartans sent out Thibron (or Thimbron) with a large
force to oppose Tissaphernes.

Laan. dtro-BibGs, (active voice). Cp. 1. 314 n.

1, 336. am-atrqgovor takes two accusatives, like a factitive verb.

1. 339. dtro-5:50in, ‘ was ready to give up.’ Cp. 1. 304 n,

efévifev, imperf. of fevi(w. Do not mistake this word for a compound
with the prep. éé.

1. 342. ety, ‘was,’ not ‘might be,” the indirect question of past tense
with moios after épwravrov, Cp. 1. 214 n.

1. 344. xelpov ety atrg. Understand 67 from the former clause,
‘(that) it was worse for him,’ i.e. ‘against his interests.’ Like ef in
1. 342, it is opt. of past indirect statement after dwexpivato ori.

1. 345. Distinguish %, ‘really?’ Lat. num?), from #, ‘or,’ ‘than.’ Cp.
VIL. 201 n.

1, 346. mavu pév odv, ‘nay, very much (so).’ Méy ovv in answer to a
question states the case more precisely and emphatically, ‘nay, rather.’

1, 348. GAAq, ‘ well, but,’ i. e. ‘ well (he may oppose it), but if,’ etc.

1. 351. €meSav tSwoy, ‘as soon as ever they have seen us.’ Cp. VII.
28 n.

1. 355. tovs Adkwvas, i. e. Charminus and Polynicus (1. 328). Asno
stress is laid upon their number, they are spoken of in the plural (cp.

VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT, 173

I. 1 n.); but in the next clause, where they form the subject of the verb,
it is td Adxwve. This gives a sort of picture of ‘the fwo Laconians’
getting up to speak.

1. 356. tO GStKqoavtt, ‘who has injured.’ The article with a participle
=a relative pronoun and verb. *Ad:«joav7: alone would mean, ‘having
injured,’ i.e. ‘since he has injured.” Cp. I. 261 n,

1. 357. tipwpyoeobe, Cp. 1. 306 above, I. 151 n.

1, 358. re.. Kat, Kal is stronger than re, ‘both.. and what is more,’
‘not only.. but more than this.’

1, 360, Kkat-nyopyowv, fut. part. ‘to accuse.’ Lat. accusaturus. Cp.
Lien:

1, 361. wal wdAat, ‘even long ago,’ ‘ ever so long ago.’ Cp. I. 21 n.

1. 363. kat vinta kai Hpépav. The stress is on vv«ta, ‘ night as well
as day.’

1. 364. obSév, acc. of respect, lit. ‘in nothing,’ i.e. ‘not at all,,—‘ we
have had no rest at all.’

1. 365. Distinguish perd to@rov, ‘after him,’ from pera rovtou, ‘ with
him.’ &

G\Xos kat dAXos, i.e. ‘ one after another.’

av-égty Spotws, ‘stood up (and spoke) to the same effect.’

1. 366. &« rovrov. Cp. I. 85 n.

1. 367. GAAd .. pev, ‘well indeed,’ or ‘nay indeed.’ Here the pév. is
not followed by a dé, because it is connected with dAAq, ‘ but in truth.’
Its position emphasises mav7a, ‘I may well expect any sort of ill-treat-
ment,’ etc.

arpos-Soxav. A compound not of Soxéw, ‘I seem,’ but of an unused
pres. 5oxdw, ‘I watch for.’ Aoxedw is the simple verb in use.

1. 368. airias €xw, ‘I have (receive) blame,’ i.e. ‘I am blamed ;’
hence followed by gen. of agent with id, As airidopat, ‘1 blame,’ is
itself the middle voice, it can have no pres. pass.

1. 370. The pév is answered by 8€ in pera 5é radra in 1. 372.

ye, ‘at all events I turned back [if I did not show zeal in any other
way].

Take 45y with Gppypévos (perf. pass. part. of dpydw), ‘ though I had
already started.’

1. 373. et mefoatpr, ‘in case I should persuade, or ‘on condition of
my persuading.”

1. 374. abrot, Think what this means in the nominative with ipeis.

1, 375. &s taxtoTa. Cp. V. 185 n. Xenophon had intended to take
the army across from Perinthus into Asia at the bidding of Anaxibius,
but was prevented by Aristarchus the new governor of Byzantium, See
above, ll, 110, 120,

1. 377. bpas BovAopévous, ‘that you were wishing it. The Greeks

174 NOTES,

used the participle after verbs of knowing, etc, to express the fact
known, etc. Cp. II. 108 n.

1. 379. & tt Sé€ou, ‘what was or might be necessary,’ the deliberative opt.
after BovAevoaipeda, the past of the delib, subj. BovAevdpeba 6 ti 5€p.
Cp. 1. 223 n.

1. 380. 84 emphasises évravéa, ‘ then in fine,’ ‘then, and not till then.’
Lat. tum demum. ‘

1. 381. évratOa, ‘herein,’ ‘in this,’ =éy rovrw.

ll. 383, 384. “Ov and tpas are both governed by dm-eorepnkéva.
Verbs of depriving in Greek take (1) a double accus., as do-orep@ oe TOV
pucOov, ‘I deprive you (of) your pay ;’ (2) acc. and gen., as dmo-aTepa,
ce Tov puobov. Cp. 1. 472.

1, 384. pyde exer, ‘that I have not even. The py? in this and next
sentence should go directly before 4.

1. 387. qoxuvopnv &v &H, ‘I should (now) certainly (6)) have been
feeling ashamed,’ et é£-ymatyOyv, ‘if I had been deceived.’ See the four
forms of conditional sentences, IV, 113 n.

mohewiou ye. Notice the emphasis, ‘if it had been %; an enemy
that.’

1. 388. own, lit. ‘to me being,’ i.e. ‘if I am,’ ‘in a case where I
am.’

1. 389. mpds Tovrors, ‘ besides this ;’ Lat. praeterea, to be distinguished
from mpds tav7a, ‘therefore ;’ Lat. propterea.

1. 391. ov« eia, (inperf. of éaw), not merely ‘ would not allow,’ but
‘was preventing.’

1. 394. ov« iv hpty, ‘it was not (possible) for us.’

1, 398. tpos-eylyvero ftv, imperf., lit. ‘ were being added to us,’ i.e.
‘we found ourselves acquiring.’

1. 309. ovxére . . o¥S€éva, ‘no longer .. a single enemy.’ Two or more
negatives in Greek do not make an affirmative, but a stronger negation.
€Cpi1l-59.n:

1. 401. Remember that dmopotot may be another part of the verb
besides the 3rd pl. pres. ind. Cp. II. 149 n.

ei py .. dx@eo@ar, ‘if he was not giving you so very much pay besides
(pds), what need was there for you to be distressed ?’ i.e. ‘ even putting
aside the question of pay, you had got many advantages from the
alliance with Seuthes.’

1, 405, dyere 89, ‘come now!” Lat. agedum.

kal; ‘also,’ not a conjunction joining d@yere with onépacde.

mapa tavra, ‘in comparison with these,’ or, as we say, ‘ by the side
of these.” [In comparing two things together, you put one beside
the other. Hence mapa-Bod, ‘a parable, or ‘comparison,’ in the New
Test.]

VIIT, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT, 175

1. 406. eppopny, imperf., ‘was starting.” Cp. épunpévos 1, 370 n.

1, 407, wat. For the meanings of «al cp. I. 21 n.

1. 409. ovk dv pe érreprrov, ‘they would not have been sending me,’ the
fourth conditional form, IV. 113 n.

The GAdws, ‘otherwise,’ =ei pr) émorevdpnv, ‘if I had not been
trusted.’

1. 410. Sta-BeBAnpéevos. Cp. I. 12 n.

1. 413. tepi épé, lit. ‘about me,’ i.e. ‘in my case,’ or ‘fo me.’ Cp.
VA oe.

1, 414. trép tpav kai ovv tyiv, ete. Observe Xenophon’s tact in his
constant repetition of tes, buoy, etc., throughout this speech. He
wished to insist strongly upon the fact that he had been a fellow-labourer
with them in all their past achievements. [His language in the latter
part of the speech much resembles that of St. Paul to the Corinthians,
in his second Epistle, chap. xii.]

1. 418. Stow dv BovAnade, ‘wherever you [may] choose ;’ lit. ‘ whither-
soever. Compounds of av have the force of ‘ever,’ Lat. -cungue, and
always take the subj. Cp. VII. 28 n.

1. 419. 54 emphasises viv, ‘Do you think the present is a fit time?’
etc. Distinguish «a:pos, ‘a particular time,’ ‘occasion,’ from xpévos,
‘time’ in general.

1, 420. o¥ pry, ‘certainly not,’ goes with édéyere: ovdév, ‘anything
atall” Cp. 1.-300; If. 59-n.

1. 422. tr-troyxvetobe, the imperf., because it is joined by «al to ékade.
In form it might also be the pres.

1, 423. ot viv Heovies és’ tpas, i.e. the Lacedaemonians, Charminus
and Polynicus, who wanted the army. Cp. 1. 331. ‘Ep’ tds means
‘ after you,’ i.e. ‘ to fetch you.’ Cp. VI. 16 n.

1, 425. BeArioves, ‘any the better’ for your treatment of me, by
showing yourselves so ungrateful.

mepi éué. Cp. 1. 413 n.

1. 427. GAN’ enol pévrot, lit. ‘well so me however,’ i.e. ‘in my opinion,
whatever others may think.’

ll. 429, 430. For the conversation here ‘referred to see the section
beginning at 1. 342, p. 98.

1. 430. ein, opt., indirect guestion, where we use the past ind. Cp.
1.342 ns

1. 431. ety, opt., indirect statement, see 1. 344 n.

ll. 434, 435. dtro-Sépevos, d-éSuxe. Cp. 1. 99 n.

1. 439. €dv owhpovOpev. Polycrates had said, ‘Jf we are wise, we
shall apprehend Heraclides’ (1. 436). Heraclides, purposely repeating
his words, says to Seuthes, ‘If we are wise, we shall get away as fast as
we can,’

176 NOTES,

1, 440. Tovds Umtous, the article is possessive, ‘ their.” Cp. I. 15 n.

1. 445. br-é€oyeto, ‘had promised.’ The aor. in a minor sentence
must often be rendered by the pluperf. Cp. Il. 118 n, For the
promises of Seuthes see above, ll. 154-163.

1. 446. morepa, ‘ [to see] whether,’ this being implied in édvero.

mapa SevOy. Mapa with dat.=Fr. chez, ‘at house of,’ ‘ with,’ lit.
‘ beside.’

1. 449. €« tovrov. Cp. I. 85 n.

aroppw, or mpdcw, lit. ‘ further ;’ hence ‘ far from.’

ll. 453, 454. GBSuxetre ..dptv. Since Medosades is addressing Xeno-
phon as the representative of the army, he uses the plural instead of
adiners and aol.

1. 458. ov mapa-kadéoavres. Seuthes had not invited Xenophon to
the conference with the Spartan envoys. Cp. 1. 340.

1. 461. mpo-eitror, opt., in a reported speech, after éAcyev 571, where
we use the indic. Cp. 1. 304 n.

1. 463. dm-fo.pey Gv .. €xorev, lit. ‘we would go away, as soon as
these men should have,’ i.e. ‘we will go away, as soon as these men
have.” The Greeks often employed the opt. with av as a milder way of
saying ‘I will,” as Aéyouuw ay for Aéfw, ‘I will speak.’ [So also the
2nd pers. of the opt. for the imperative mood, as Aéyas dy for A€ye,
* speak.’ ]

1, 465. Distinguish the act. tyuwpéw from the mid. tipwpéopa, ‘1
punish.” Cp. I. 151 n.

1. 467. Distinguish éeiro, imperf. of 5éopar, ‘ L ask,’ from é5e, imperf.
of the impers. verb 5e7, ‘it is necessary.’

1. 469. aitimpevos. Distinguish aiziaopa, ‘I accuse,’ from airéw, ‘1
ask.’

1. 472. atro-crepioat bpas tov pioOdy, For the construction of verbs
of depriving cp. 1. 383 n.

1, 476. & bm-éoxeto. Cp. 1. 445 n.

1, 478. 8v tps, ‘because of you.’ Av buav would be‘ by your means,’
which would also have been true in the present instance, though Xeno-
phon does not exactly say so.

1. 481, Os am-twv, ‘with intent to depart.’ ‘Os with the fut. part.
denotes a purpose. Cp. II. jon,

1, 484. dar-aydyot . . rapa-80in, ‘they begged him not to depart before
he should have led away the army and delivered it up to Thibron.’
Tpiv with opt. is used after negative sentences of past time (answering
to mpiv dy with subj. of present time). The opt. implies it was quite
uncertain when this could be done.

1, 485. Adpipaxov. See Vocabulary.

1, 486, Distinguish a@m-avrq from dmavra (1) by the breathing and

VIII, CONCLUDING SCENES OF THE RETREAT, 177

accent, (2) by the u subscriptum, (3) by the hyphen showing that dr-avrd
is a compound of dnd.

1. 488. éxou, ‘had,’ not ‘might have.” Cp. 1. 342 n.

éceo Oar pndé, ‘that there would not even be.’

1. 489. tkavov dote dtr-révat, lit. ‘sufficient so as to depart, i.e. ‘ suf-
ficient to enable him to get away.’

amé-So.to, middle voice. Cp. 1. 99 n.

1. 491. €meppav, aorist after éwel, ‘had sent’ (II. 118 n.). But Ove
(next line), imperf., ‘was sacrificing,’

1. 492. iS8av rd tepeta, i.e. when Euclides ‘inspected the entrails,’ he
found unfavourable signs.

1. 493. py exer, ‘that he had not,’ after mei@o.7T0.

1. 494. 8tTt joins olfa to éorat, ‘I know that there will be” The
clause with édy depends on écrat, ‘there will be, etc., if you intend,’ etc.

1. 497. et H8y BUaoee, ‘if he had ever sacrificed.” “Héy, Lat. jam,
‘already,’ ‘before now.’

1, 498. ovx-épy, as one word, ‘denied,’ ‘ said that he had not.’ Cp.
IV. 270, 283 n.

Aui to Metduyto, ‘to Zeus the Gracious.’ Though Xenophon had of
course often sacrificed to Zeus, he had never sacrificed to him under
this particular title, and the various attributes of one god were often
personified into separate deities. Thus the dream related in Chap. IV.
42, etc., is said to have come from Zets Baordeds, i.e. Zeus under his
title of King.

退 Stov, lit. ‘from whatever (time),’ i.e. ‘ever since.’

1. 499. ovv-eBovdAevcev, ‘advised.’ Distinguish the act. ovp-Bov-
Acdev, ‘to advise,” from the mid, cvp-BovAevecba, ‘to consult.’ Cp.
IV. 14 n.

ll. 503, 504. am-€0aav, act. dm-é070, mid. Cp. 1. 99 n.

1, 508, ILépyapov. See Vocabulary. :

1. 510. Though tfs has an accent, it means ‘a certain one,’ not ‘who?
The accent does not belong to it, but is thrown back from éotiw. Cp.
1. 161 n.

1, 511. et EABors .. AdBors av, ‘if you were to come, you might take,’
the third of the four conditional forms given in IV. 113 n.

1. 515. ed tmowqoeev. Ed roeiy is to ‘ treat well,’ so to ‘ benefit.’

1. 517. atrov tov “AatdSatny, ‘ Asidates himself;’ distinguish this from
tov abtov ’Aatdarny, ‘the same Asidates.’ Cp. IV. 190 n.

1. 518. kata Kpdros, here, ‘ by storm,’ lit. ‘ according to force. It
usually means ‘at full speed.’ Cp. II. 53 n.

1. 520. 8t-wp@pukro, plup. pass. of 5i-opirrw, ‘the breach was com-
pleted” Distinguish qo@épyy, 2nd aor, of aic@dvopa, from jadnv, Ist
aor. pass. of #dopa:, Cp. II. gt n.

N

178 NOTES.

1, 521, Tod éyyutatw, sc. dvros, as éeyyis is an adverb. The form of
comparison in -répw and -ta47w properly belongs to adverbs ending in
-@, as dvw, KaTw (cp. dvwratw, 1, 277), but it was used with a few others
besides, as éyyis, tépa (wepaitépw, -TaTw),

1. 522. Gore pr ..etvat, ‘so as not to be safe,’ i.e. ‘so as to make it
unsafe” “Qore ove jy (indic.) would be, ‘so that (as a matter of fact)
it was not,’ or ‘therefore it was not.” Cp. VI. 47 n.

1. 523. map-modAAo, after éx-BonOovcr and in apposition with dAdo,
‘come to the rescue in great force.’

1. 524. 7Anotov, an adverb, but standing between the article and its
noun, it is equivalent to an adjective. Cp. I. 109 n.

1. 525. amro-xwpotev, ‘should get away,’ the deliberative opt. after
éaxérow. Cp.1.379n. The direct deliberative would be ms droxw-
p®pev (subj.), ‘how are we to get away ?’

1. 526. Boées, mpoBata, dvSpamoSa, nominatives by attraction into the
relative clause introduced by dco, instead of accusatives after AaBdrtes,
=AaBédvtes Bots etc., door Hoav.

1, 528, émt-Ketpévous = ém-r.Oenévous. Cp. VII. 20, 221 n.

1, 530. TIpoxAyjs. This Procles has been mentioned in Chap. If. 117
as having announced the death of Cyrus after the battle of Cunaxa.
He was governor of Teuthrania, a district of Mysia, and was descended
from the Spartan Demaratus, who had been driven out by the joint-king
Cleomenes, and had taken refuge at the court of Darius nearly 100 years
before the date of this expedition.

1. 534. &s (with numerals), lit. ‘as it were,’ i.e. ‘about.’

1. 535. THs vuKros, gen. of time. Cp. IV. 255 n.

1. 542. é&-alpera, ‘select portions,’ from the mid. afpéopat, ‘1 choose,’
not from the act. aipéw, ‘I take.’

1. 543. OiBpwv. For Thibron (or Thimbron) cp. 1. 329 n.

1. 544. “EAAnvucg, sc. orparedpart, So 70 inmdv, 7d meATaaTiKdy, 7d
Tepoukoy, etc.

1. 545. €moAépet, imperf., ‘ proceeded to make war.’

VOCABULARY,

[N.B. Hyphens are used, not on strictly philological principles, but only to draw
attention to different elements in the stem of a word, and to show more
clearly the meaning of the compound.]

For tenses of compound verbs not inserted, see the simple verb.

A.

d-Batos, -ov, impassable, (of a river)
not to be forded. (da, not, and Bards,
verbal adj. of Ba-ivw, I go.)

*ABpokdpas, -ov, m. Abrocomas, satrap
of Phoenicia, head of Persian troops
between the Mediterranean and Eu-
phrates (I. 149).

ayayeiv, Gyayav, 2 aor.
part. of dyw.

aya0ds, -7, -dv, good, brave; ta
ayaa, goods, wealth; comp. dpet-
vay, BeAtiov: superl. dpioros, BéA-
TLOTOS.

*Ayactas, -ov, m. Agasias, a brave
captain from Stymphalus in Arcadia
(VII. 25 is

ayyetov, -ov, n. a vessel, pail.

dyyého, I announce, report; fut.
dyer, I aor. HyyeiAa, perf, pass.
Hy yeApat.

dyyeAos, -ov, m. a messenger.

ayelpw, I collect, assemble; 1 aor.
Hyetpa, I aor. pass. HyépOnv.

dyktpa, -as, f. an anchor. BddAew
dyxupay, to cast anchor.

a-yvoéw, I am ignorant; fut. dyvo-
now. (a, not, and yvo-, root of
yt-yve-ono, I learn.)

G-yvapuv, -ov, senseless, foolish. (4,
not, and -yvwpn, sense.)

Gyopa, -Gs, f. a market-place, pro-
visions; a meeting. (dayelpw.)

dyptos, -la, -rov, living in the fields,
wild. (dypds, a field.)

infin. and

dypés, -o0, m. a field, land; the
counlry, (Lat. ager.)

dyw, I lead, bring; fut. dfw, perf.
pass, 7)ypat, I aor. pass. 7XOnv, fut,
pass. dyOjcopa, 2 aor. Hyayov.

yuvaika ayev, to marry (of the
man). (Lat. wxorem ducere.)

aye, well! come on!

Biov dyew, to lead a life, live.
(Lat. vitam agere.)

ayav, -Gvos, a contest; an assembly.

dyovifopat, J contend, mepi Tivos, for
anything. (dywv, a contest.)

d- -Beurvos, -ov, dinnerless or supperless.
(G, not, and Sefmvoy, dinner or
supper.)

adeAdos, -ov, m. a brother.

G-5ydos, -ov, not clear, uncertain.
(a, not, and 870s, clear.)

a-Sicéw, J do wrong, harm, injure’
with acc. fut. déianow, 1 aor.
ndiknoa, perf. pass. 75lenwas, I aor.
pass. HoiKnOnv.

G-Sixla, -as, f. injustice, wrong, injury.

G-5ikos, -ov, unjust, unfair. (a, not,
and dixn, justice.)

G-Sikws, unjustly, wrongly, (adv. of
a5iKos.)

d-56Aws, adv. without fraud.

a-8tvaros, -ov, unable to do a thing.
(a, not, and Suvards, verb. adj. of
duvapa, I am able.)

&-5ivatov, impossible; (neut. of ddv-
varos.)

qd, I sing spa ers from deidw),

fut. doopas.

N 2

180

det, (adv.) always, continually; from
time to time.

Gets, -ov, m. an eagle.

‘AOrvat, -av, f. Athens, the capital of
Attica.

*"A@nvatos, -a, -ov, Athenian.

aOXov, -ou, n. a prize.

aOpoilw, I collect, assemble, fut. a0-
poiaw, (dOpdos.)

alpédos, -ov, collected, in crowds.

LOtpéw, J am without courage, I de-
spond ; fut. dOvpjow. (a, not, and
Oupos, courage.)

G-Oipla, -as, f. want of courage, de-
spondency.

a- Gipos, -ov, desponding. (d, not, and
Bupds, courage.)

4-Bipus, despondingly, (adv. of aOv-
pos.)

aiytadds, -od, m. the sea-shore, beach.

ai@w, J burn, kindle, (only used in
pres. and imperf, 760v.) (Mid.)
aiSopat, J am on fire.

aipa, -aros, n. blood.

aig, aiyés, m. and f. a goat.

aipeQels, chosen, ¥ aor. participle pass.
from afpéopat.

atperéos, must be taken, (verb. adj.
from alpéw),

aipéw, I take, (Mid.) atpéopar, J
choose; fut. aipnow, perf. tpyxa,
perf. pass. jpnpas, 1 aor. pass. 7 péOnv,
2 aor. elAov,

aipw, I raise, lift up; fut. dp@, 1 aor.
pa, perf, jpka, perf. pass. Appa.

aic@dvopar, I perceive, feel, under-
stand; fut. ala@jcopat, perf. poOnpat,
2 aor. noOdpnv.
ioxtvys, -ov, m. Aeschines, an Acar-
nanian (V, 40).

aicylwv, atoxtoros, comp, and superl.
of aiaxpés.

aicxpds, -d, -dv, base, disgraceful,
shameful. (alayos, shame.)

aicxivn, -ns, f. shame, disgrace, re-
proach. (alayxos, shame.)

aloxtvw, (Act.) J put to shame, (Pass.)

aicxtvopat, J am ashamed, with

accus, of the thing: so with infin,

VOCABULARY,

mroveiv, T am ashamed to do it (and
therefore do not do it); but with
part. mov, I am ashamed at doing
it (but yet do it),

aitéw, J ask, request; fut. aitjow,
perf. #7nKa, perf. pass. 7 7npaL.

aitia, -as, f. a cause, a fault, blame;
aitiay éxew Tivos, to be accused of
a thing.

aittdopar, J blame, accuse: fut. airid-
copa (with acc. of person and gen.
of thing).

aittos, -a , -OV, causing harm, guilty;
70 altiov, the cause; 6 aitios, the

accused, (Lat. reus.)
aixpadwros, -ov, taken in war,
captive. (aiypy, a spear, and

Gdwrds, verbal adj. of dAicxopat,
I am taken.)

G-Kéhaoros, -ov, lit. undisciplined,
unpunished, (a, not, and Kodatw,
T punish.)

akovtifw, J hurl a javelin at one;
I aor. 7KdvTICa.

dkévriov, -ov, n. a javelin (dim. of
akwyv, a dart), -

dxovw, J hear; dkovw elva, I hear a
report that it is; dxove dy, dvta, I
hear a report that it (or he) cers
tainly is; fut. dwovoopat, I aor.
jKovoa, es pass. qKovopat.

dxpa, -as, f. a point, a peak, a citadel.

d-kpatos, -ov, unmixed, strong (of
wine). (4, not, and cepavyuju,T mix )

éxpo-Bohitopat, I throw from afar,
I skirmish. (dxpos, outermost, and
BaddAw, I throw.)

Gkpé-modts, -ews, f. the upper city,
citadel, castle.

dkpos, -a, -ov, highest, topmost, rd
dxpétatov, the highest point, ra
Gxpa, the heights.

dxwv, -ovca, -ov, unwilling. (d, not,
and éxaw, willing.)

Gdadalw, I raise the war cry; fut.
ddardgo.

aiéiw, I ward off, Sete dative) Z
defend; fut. ddefjow, 1 aor. mid,

HAegaunv.

VOCABULARY.

a-Andera, -as, f. truth; 7H dAnOela, in
truth, in fact, (adAnOys, true.)

a-AnOys, -és, true, (lit. wn-concealed,
a, not, and AavOavw, I escape notice.)

d-AvBos, -ov, without stones. (a, not,
and Al@os, a stone.)

‘Ad\iodpvn, -73, f. Halisarne, a town
in the Troad.

Ghiokopar, I am taken (used as the
passive, of aipéo) ; fut. dAdoopat,
pert. édAwxa or Awana, 2 aor. 4Aov
or RAwY.

aAAG, (conjunction), but, well; adda
yap, but really; GAG ye, but
still,

aAAy, (adv. really dat. fem. of dAAos,
understand 659) in another way.
GAAy Kal GAAn, here and there.

GAANAous, one another, each other
(wants nom. and sing.).

ddAobev, (adv.) from another place.
(aAAos.)

GAopor, J leap; imperf. 7rAdrAsuny,
I aor. HAGpNY, 2 aor. HAduNV.

ddXos, -7, -0, another, different. (Lat.
alius.) dAdot, some others; of
GAXot, the rest; sv Ta GdAa, in all
other respects,

dAdoge, (ady.)
(aAAos.)

GAAStpios, -a, -ov, belonging to
another, foreign,-strange, (dAAos.)

GAAws, (adv.) (1) in another way,
otherwise: (2) at random.

G-AoyirTos, -ov, unreasoning. (4,
not, and Aovyitopat, I reason. )

“Akus, -vos, m. the Halys, the chief
tiver of Asia Minor (vi. 141).

addurov, -ov, n. barley (generally in
plural dAguta),

Ga, (adv.) at the same time, at once,
together. (Lat. simul.)

Ga TH Hepa, at day-break.
apaga, -ns, f. a waggon,

Gpaptavw, I err, do wrong : with
gen. I miss (a mark); fut. duapry-
copa, perf. judprnva, 2 aor. Huap-
Tov, I aor. pass. nuapTnOny.

Gpaprypa, -aros, n. a fault, mistake.

to another place.

181

d-paxet, (adv.) without fighting. (4d,
not, and pax7), Sigh t.)

dpewvoy, adv. of dpeivawy,

Gpetvev, betler, braver, aed as comp.
of dyads.

d-pedéorepov, comp. of duckie; more
carelessly, somewhat carelessly,

G-peA@s, (adv.) carelessly. (d, not,
and péAe, tt ts a care.)

GprrAdopat, I contend, struggle: fut.
apmdAAjoopat. (dmaAda, a contest.)

dyredos, -ov, f, a vine.

Gpive, I ward off; defend, with dat.
In middle apvvopor, with accus.
I ward off from myself, punish;
fut. duiive, 1 aor. hpuva.

Gut, (with gen. and acc., never with
dat. in Attic prose), lit. fon both
sides’ (dupw, Lat. ambo, ‘both,’ sc
Lat. amb- in amb-ire.) I. with
gen. about, as dia-pépecOar dpi
twos, to quarrel about a_ thing.
Il. with ace. (i.) around, near, with,
especially of persons, as of audi
Ktpov, Cyrus and his attendants
(lit. ‘those around Cyrus’); (ii.) of
things, about, concerning ; (iii.) of
time, about, as dupi péoas vixras,
about midnight; (iv.) of numbers,
as dpi rods di0-xiAlovs, about
2000. In Composition du¢i mostly
means, o7 both sides, around, about.

Sphorepos, -a, -ov, both. (Lat. ambo.)

dpporépwiey, (ady.) on both sides.

dpdw, -ov, both.

dy, conditional particle, lit. ‘in that
case:’ I, with opt. Avor dv, ‘he
would loose’ (if something were to
happen). II. with aor, indic. €Avoev
dv, he would have loosed (if some-
thing had happened). III. when
compounded with relatives or rela-
tive. particles, as ds &yv, whoever,
br-av, whenever, éav (for ei dv),
if ever, Compounds of dy can only
go with the subj.

dva, (with accus. only), lit. up (cp.
dvw, ‘upwards’): I. of place, along,
throughout, on; dvd tiv modu,

182

through the city: I. of manner, at
the rate of; ava patos, up to one’s
strength, i.e. at full speed: III. of
numbers, at the rate of; ava éxaror,
100 each. In Composition, up,
again, back.

ava-Baivw, I go up, ascend, mount,
go on board; fut. -Byoopa, perf.
-BéBnka, 2 aor. av-éBnv.

ava-Baots, -ews, f. a going up, an
expedition into the interior.

ava-Bodw, I ery aloud, shout; fut,
-Bonoopat.

av-ayyéAAw, I bring back news, re-
port; fut. -ayyeAd, I aor. -nyyeAa.

ava-yiyvaokw, I understand, recog-
nise; read; 2 aor. av-éyvov.

avayKalo, I force, compel; fut. avay-
Kaow, I aor. pass. AvayKdoOnv.

avaykatos, -ov, necessary, needful.

avaykn, -78, f. necessity, need.

Gva-yvous, 2 aor. participle of dva-
yeyvwoke.

av-ayw, I lead up, bring up; 2 aor.
avnyayor, 1 aor, pass. -7xOnv. (Mid.)
dv-dyopat, J put to sea. (dvd, up,
and aya, I lead.)

dva-SopuBéw, I cry out loudly, ap-
plaud. (dvd, up, i.e. aloud, and
OdpuBas, noise.)

ava-kalw, I kindle; fut. dva-ratvow.

dva-Kowvdw, I communicate (something
to another); fut. dva-xovwow.

ava-kopilw, I carry up, store; 1 aor.
ay-exopuoa.

ava-kpafw, I cry aloud; fut. ava-
Kpafopat, 2 aor. av-éxparyov.

dva-AapBavw, J take up, recover; fut.
dva-Anpopa, perf, dy-ciAnpa, 2 aor.
-éAaBov.

ava-Adpmw, I blaze up, take fire;
fut. dva-Adpypo.

dv-adloxw, I spend, squander; fut.
dy-ahwoopa, perf. dv-nAwxKa.

ava-pévw, I wait for; fut. dva-peva, 1
aor. dv-éyewva.

ava-pipvyoke, (Act.) J remind, (Mid.)
ava-ppvycKopat, J remember; fut.
dya-pyjoo.

VOCABULARY.

’"AvatiBios, -ov, m. Anaxibius, o
Spartan admiral,
avatuptSes, trousers,
Persian word).

dva-mavw, (Act.) I make to cease,
stop, (Mid.) ava-mavopat, I cease,
rest,

ava-tetavvupt, I spread out, open;
fut. dva-meTaow.

dv-aptotos, -ov, without breakfast.
(a, not, and dpioror, breakfast.)

dv-aptalw, I snatch up, plunder;
fut. dv-apnafw, or av-apracw.

av-apxta, -as, f. want of government,
lawlessness. (a, not, and apy,
rule).

ava-oTpépw, I turn upside down, re-
turn, (of an army) rally; fut. ava-
oTpéo, 2 aor, pass. dv-eatpadyy.

ava-teivw, I stretch upwards, extend ;
fut. dva-reva, perf, dva-réraxa, perf.
pass. dva-Térapat,

ava-riOnpt, J lay up, set up, deposit ;
fut. dva-Oj0, I aor, av-€OnKa.

dva-hevyw, I escape; fut. dva-pet-
fopa, 2 aor. av-épuyov,

ava-ppovéw, I recover my senses; fut.
dva-ppovnaw.

ava-xwpw, J retire, retreat, withdraw;
fut. dva-ywpnow.

ava-xwpifw, I cause to retire, draw
off; 1 aor. dv-exwpioa.

avipatobdov, -ov, n. a slave taken in
war. (Lat. mancipium.)

av-eyeipw, I wake up, rouse; fut.
dv-eyep@, I aor. act. dav-nyetpa,
I aor. pass. dv-nyépOnv.

dv-eurretv, fo proclaim, (dvd, elmeiv
2 aor. infin., pyyt.)

dv-ex-nripmAnpt, J fill up again; fut.
dv-€k-TAN TO.

av-éxpayov, 2 aor. indic. from dva-
Kpaca.

dv-€Xkw, I draw up, pull up; imperf.
dy-€iAKov,

dvev, (prep.) without. (Lat. sine.)

dv-exw, I hold up, put up with, en-
dure; fut, dv-€{w or dva-cxnoo,
2 aor. av-ecxov,

(probably a

VOCABULARY,

av-ykw, I come up to, extend up-
wards.

avyp, avdpés,m. a man, (Lat. vir.)

dv7jjp, man, opposed to woman.
avOpwros, human being, opposed
to beast.

dv-4XOnv, I aor. pass. of dv-dyw.

av@-tornpr, (Act.) I set against,
(Mid.) dv@-torapat, J oppose; fut.
dvyti-oTnow, perf, dvO-€oTnka, 2 aor.
dvt-éoTny, (davrt, against, and
tornpe, I set up.)

avOpamuvos, -ov, (adj.) human (dvOpo-
TOS).

dvOpwros, -ov, m.a man, (Lat.homo).
See avip.

dvidw, I grieve, hurt; fut. dv-idow,
I aor. pass. #aOnv. (dvia, grief.)

av-inpt, I send up, let go; fut. ay-
now, I aor, dv-jKa, perf. dv-eixa,

av-tornpt, (Act.) I set up, (Mid.)
av-iorapar, I rise up, stand up.
So also 2 aor. act. dv-€orny, and
perf. and pluperf. act. are intransitive.

dv-loxw =dy-éxw, intrans, J rise (as
the sun).

av-ol yu, or av-olyvupt, I ohare fut.
av-otfw.

“Avtavipos, -ov, f. Antandrus, a culty
in the Troad (VIII. 506).

avrt, (with gen, only), l.overagainst,
opposite; II. in return for, instead
of. In Composition, against, ex-
change. (dyti, against, must be
distinguished from Lat. ante, before ;
dvi probably meant originally,
‘ before the face of.’)

’Avtidéwv, -ov 70s, m. Antileon, a soldier
from the Greek colony of Thurii in
Italy (VI. 2).

avtios, -a, -ov, opposite; often with
iévat, éAavvev, etc.; ‘to go, ride,
etc., against the enemy.’

avti-trapa-oKxevafopar, J prepare my-
self in turn; fut. -doopat, perf.
-Tap-eckevac pat.

avtit-rapa-tattw, I draw up op-
posite, I range in battle against;
fut. -ragw, perf. -réraxa.

183

avrt-pudatrw, (Act.) I watch in turn,
(Mid.) I am on my guard against
one; fut. -pvdrdéw.

Gvtp-OSy5, -es, cavern-like, full of
caves. (dvTpov, a cave, and el6dos,
form.)

Gvw, (adv.) upwards. Comp. dvw-
Tépw, superl. dywrdtw. Sometimes
as a prep. with gen. above,

dvwev, (adv.) from above, from the
interior (of a country).

dia, -as, f, worth, value.

a£tvn, -ns, f..an axe. (dyvupt, I break.)

dévos, -a, -ov, worth, worthy ( with
gen.); agudv tore (Lat. operae
pretium est), it is worth while;
ToAAod a£vos, valuable.

atvow, I think it right, claim, ask,
with gen. of person. (dftos, worthy.)

dEwv, -ovos, m. an axle.

an-ayyéA\Aw, I bring back word,
announce, report; fut. dm-ayyeAe,
I aor. dm-nyyetda.

am-aywo, I lead away, bring back;
2 aor, an-nyayov.

am-aywyy, -7s, f. a leading away,
withdrawal.

am-attéw, J demand back: 1 aor. an-
700.

am-ahAdttw, I get rid of: (intrans.)
I get off: (Mid.) I depart; fut.
-adAdtw, perf. pass. -7AAaypat.

Gtahds, -7, -dv, soft to the touch,
tender, (dmropa, I touch.)

atr-avTdw, (with dat.) I come to meet,
encounter; fut, dm-avtjow, I aor.
an-nvTnoa.

a&mak, (adv.) once. (Lat. semel.)

d-tapdakevos, -ov, unprepared. (4,
not, and mapacxev?, preparation.)

&-tras, -aga, -av, all together. (dpa,
together, and ras, all.)

an-éSpav, 2 aor. of dmo-didpdoxw.

a-meOéw, I disobey. (a, not, and meido-
pa, I obey.)

Grevkéw, I threaten; fut. dreiAjow,
I aor, HreiAnoa.

dm-eypt, I go away, depart. (awd, and
elyu, I shall go.)

184

dm-eupt, I am away, am distant, (ad
and eit, I am.)

in-ekptvapyy, 1 aor. of dro-xpivopat.

aw-eAavvw, I drive away; (iutrans.)
T march away, ride away.

am-épxopat, J go away, depart; for
the fut. G-erpu, 2 aor. dn-7AOov.

am-exOdvopat, J am hated, become
odious; fut. dm-exOnoopat, 2 aor.
am-nxOdpunv, perf. an-7xOnpa.

am-€xw, (with gen.) I keep off, (of a

place) am distant from; 2 aor.
an-€gxov.

am-nAAaypat, perf. pass, of dm
adAaTTw.

an-jvTnoa, I aor. of dn-avTdaw.

a-morew, I disbelieve, distrust. (4,
not, and nlatis, belief.)

a-moria, -as, f. disbelief, faithlessness.

d-migTos, -08, -ov, untrustworthy, un-
faithful. (a, not, and miotos, trust-
worthy.)

am-tTéov, one must go away (verbal
adjective from am-erpe).

amd, (prep. with gen. only); (Lat. ab):
I, of place, off from, away from.
II. of time, from, after, since: III.
of origin and cause, proceeding from,
as dnd TroAepiow pdBos, fear caused
by the enemy. Before an aspirated
vowel dad becomes dg’, as af’
intov, on horseback, lit. ‘from his
horse.’ In Composition, from, off,
away.

azro-Balvw, (1) I go away, go off: (2)
dismount (immov): (3) disembark
(vews); 2 aor. dn-€Bnv, fut, dao-
Bhoopa.

atro-BadkAw, I throw away, lose;
fut. dro-Bad@, 2 aor. dn-éBadov.

dtro-Brénw, I look eagerly.

&tro-5¢5paxa, perf. act. of dmo-didpa-
oko.

daro-Seixvupr, I point out, declare,
appoint; fut. dro-delfo.

aro-Séxopar, I accept; fut. dao-5é-

fopat.
dtro-Synpéw, J am abroad, go abroad.
(amd, away, and djp08, home.)

VOCABULARY,

atro-8i8pacKkw, I run away, escape
(so as not to be found); fut.
-Spdcopa, perf, -d€5paxa, 2 aor.
am-€5pav,

Gmro-Bidwpr, (Act.) I give back,
restore, (Mid.) J sell, fut. -5d&ow, perf.
-5é5wxa, 2 aor. mid. dn-e5dunv.

atro-Spavat, 2 aor. infin. of dzo-bi-
5packo.

aro-OQvyokw, I die, I am put to death;
fut. -Oavodpuar, perf. -réOvnKa, 2 aor.
dm-€Gavoy, It is used instead of
the passive of dro-xreiva, I kill.

dr-ovkos, -ov, away from home, (amd,
and oikos home); hence a colonist,

ano-katw, I burn off; dam-exaiovto ai
pives, their noses were being frozen
off (or frost-bitten) ; fut. -katow.

atro-kapvw, J grow quite weary, faint;
fut. -capovpat, perf. -Kéxpnka, 2
aor. am-€xapov.

atro-Kpivopat, I answer, reply; fut.
-Kpwvovpat, I aor. -expivdyny, perf.
-KEKpLpaL.

atro-kpUmrtw, (Act.) I hide from
(Mid.) Z conceal; fut. -«piyw, 1 aor
dm-éxpuya.

amo-ktelvw, I put to death, kill; fut.
-KTev@, 1 aor. dn-éxTewa, 2 aor.
dn-éxravov. [For the Pass. dmo-
OvnoKw is used.]

aro-hapBdvw, I take back, receive
back, recover; fut. -Anopat. perf.
dn-eiAnpa, 2 aor. dn-€AaBov.

amo-heitw, I leave behind, desert,
abandon; fut. -A€i~a, perf. -AéAona,
2 aor. dm-€XuTov,

Gw-dAAupt, (Act.) IZ destroy, kill,
(Mid.) Z perish; fut. da-oA@, 1 aor.
dm-dAeoa, 2 aor. mid, da-wAdpny,
2 perf. dw-dAwAa, I am undone.

*AtrédAwy, -wvos, acc. "AméAAw, m,
the god Afollo.

Gro-népmw, I send off, discharge;
fut. -mé pao.

atro-méw, I sail away; fut. -rA€boo-
pat, I aor. dn-éndevoa,

G-tropéw, Iam without resources, am
in difficulties (d-nopos).

VOCABULARY.

d-topla, -as, f. difficulty, distress,
(rpopas amopia, want of food.)

d-mopos, -ov, (1) without resources ;
(2) of rivers, etc., impassable ;
év dndpas elva, to be in difficul-
lies,

ano-ppat, -Gyos, broken off, steep,
rugged. (amo, off, and pnyvupt,
I break),

atro-oymopat, I rot off, am frost-
bitten; 2 perf. dto-céonna.

amo-omdw, I draw away, draw off;
fut. ondaw, perf, an-éondxa, perf.
pass. ~€oTagpat,

atro-aTaupow, I Sence off with a
palisade; fut.-cravpwow. (atavpds,
a palisade,)

atro-oréAXw, I send away, despatch;
fut. -oTEA@, I aor, da-é€oTeEAa,

amro-atepéw, I rob, deprive of; (with
acc. and gen. or with double acc.) ;
perf. dm-earépnka.

atro-orpedw, I turn back, recall; fut,
-oTpévw, perf. dr-éatpopa.

atro-cmfw, I save or restore again,
bring back safe.

awo-radpevw, I fence off with a
ditch. (rappos, a ditch.)

aro-telvw, I stretch out, extend; fut.
rev, I aor. dm-éreva, perf. pass.
dno-rérapat.

dro-Ténve, I cut off; fut. -repa, perf.
“TérpnKa, 1 aor. pass. dm-eTun9ny,
2 aor. dr-érapoy,

ao-rpémw, I turn back, turn away;
perf. -rérpopa, perf, pass, -TéTpap-
pat.

ao-tpéxw, I run off, run away;
fut. -Spapotpua, 2 aor. dm-é5pa-
pov.

ato-patvw, show, display; fut.-pava,
I aor. dn-épnva, (Mid.), Z declare
(ry ywoouny).

dtro-pevyw, I escape; fut. -pevfopar,
2 aor. dn-Epu yor.

ard-yvat, I aor. imp. middle of dzro-
patvw.

aro-ywpéw, I depart from, retire,
retreat,

185

dm-av, -dvros, distant; pres. part. of
ar-ecpe II,

dpa, (particle),
(Lat. igitur.)

dpa, = Lat. num, in asking a question,
as dpa éort, ts tt so?

*Apafia, -as, f. Arabia, used of all
countries inhabited by nomad Arabs,
so even of the south of Mesopota-
mia, still called Irak-al-Arabi.

G-pyds, -dv, idle, lazy. (a, not, and
épyov, work.)

apyds, -7, -dv, white, bright.

apyvpeos, -a, -ov, made of silver.

&pyvptov, -ou (dim. of dpyupos), silver,
money. (Cp. the French argent. ]

dpyupos, -ov, m. silver.

apern, -7s, f. virtue, excellence, bravery.

*Aptatos, -ov, in, Ariaeus, who com-
manded under Cyrus, but went over
to the Persians after Cyrus’ death.

GprO.ds, -ov, m. number (of an army),
a muster,

’Aptotapxos, -ov, m, Aristarchus, the
Spartan ‘harmost’ or governor of
Byzantium (Constantinople).

dptotaw, I breakfast, lunch; fut. dpt-
oTnow. (Lat. prandeo.)

aptotepos, -d, -dv, the left. (&

, apiorepa, on the left hand.)

Gptotoy, ov, n. the morning or mid-
day meal, breakfast, lunch.

Gptoro-tovew, (Act.) I prepare break-
fast or lunch, (Mid.) I breakfast,
lunch; fut. -moijow.

v

dpioros, best, used as superlative of
dyadés.

’"Aptatavupos, -ov, m. Aristonymus,
a brave Arcadian captain (V. 265).

*Apkas, -ados, an Arcadian.

apkéw, I am sufficient, avail; fut.
dprécw,

dpxtos, -ov, m. and f. a bear, the
constellation ‘ Ursa Major,’ or the
Great Bear, hence the north.

&ppa, -aros, n, a chariot.

app-dpata, -ns, f. a covered carriage,
wag gonette.

*Appevia, -as, f, Armenia, the cold

so, therefore, then.

186

mountainous country near the
sources of the Euphrates.

*"Appyyn, -7s, f. Harmene, harbour of
Sinope (VI. 371).

appootys, -ov, m. an officer sent by
the Spartans to govern their depen-
dencies, a governor, ‘harmost.’ (ap-
pote, I put in order.)

aptayy, -7s, f. plunder, booty.

apwalw, I seize, plunder, carry off;
fut. dpnagw, perf. pass. Hpracpa.

*Aptrugos, -ov, m. the river Harpasus,
perhaps a branch of the Armenian
Araxes, now the Arpa-Chai. Or
the Tchoruk-Su, flowing north-
westward into the Euxine near the
modern town of Batoum, (See
note to V. 277).

*Aptayepons, -ov, m. Artagerses, a
general of the Persian cavalry whom
Cyrus killed (Il. 73).

*Apratéptns, -ov, m. Artaxerxes II,
Mnemon, the son of Darius II,
Nothus: king of Persia 405-360,
B.c. (Artaxerxes I, Longimanus,
preceded Darius II.)

*Aptatrarys, -ov, m. Artapa/es, one of
Cyrus’ attendants (I. 278).

“Aptepts, -i5os, f.: (1) the Greek
Artemis, Roman Diana, sister of
Apollo, armed with arrows: (2)
the Ephesian Artemis, an Asiatic
Venus.

dpmt, (adv.) just now, lately.

dpros, ov, m. bread, a loaf.

*Aptotas, ov, m. Arystas, an Arca-
dian (VIII. 207).

apxatos, -a, -ov, old, ancient; 6
dpxatos, the elder; 7d dpxaior,
formerly. (dpx?, beginning,)

apxy, ~73, f. (1) beginning; (2) rule,
dominion, government, province.

dpxw, (Act.) I command, (Mid.) I
begin; of dpxovres, the rulers; fut.
dpfw, perf. pxa.

d-oeBrjs, -€s, ungodly, impious, (4,
not, and aéBopar, I worship.)

a-oGevéw, J am weak, am sick, am ill.
(4, not, and cdevéw, I am strong.)

VOCABULARY.

*Acta, -as, f. Asta, or rather the
western part of Asia then known,
divided by the river Halys.

*Aodarys, -ov, m. Asidates, a Persian
noble (VIII. 510).

*Aowatos, -a, ov, Asinean, or be-
longing to Asine, a town in Laco-
nia near Taenarus.

d-ovros, -ov, without food. (d, not,
and atTos, food.)

doxés, -ov, m. a leather-bag, a bottle.

dopevos, -7, -ov, pleased, glad, joyful.

domalopat, I welcome, embrace, bid
farewell; fut. domacopat.

donts, -id5os, f. alarge shield, covering
the whole body. (Lat. clypeus.)

a-opareta, -as, safety (d-cpadns).

a-opadns, -és, safe, lit. ‘not liable to
we > (a, not, and opadAw, I trip

‘p-)
a-odahan, safely, (adv. of dapadns.)
d-TaKTos, -ov, undisciplined, in disor-
der. (a, not, aud taTT, I arrange.)
a-tatia, -as, f. want of discipline,
disorder.
arap, but, however, (conj.) introducing
a correction of what has been said

before. (Lat. at.)
atpifw, I steam or smoke. (arpds,
steam.)

a-rpiBys, -és, untrodden, lit, ‘not
rubbed,’ (4d, not, and tpiBw, I rub.)
at, (adv.) again; on the contrary;
moreover.
ats, (adv.) again.
avAéw, J play on the flute. (abdds,
a flute.)
atAtLopat, J am in ie courtyard or
the open air, I bivouac. (avAr, a
courtyard); fut. avAicopa perf.
WwAcopat, I aor, pass. nvAioOnv.
avAds, -o0, m. a flute, flageolet.
(dnp, I blow.)
avéavw, I increase; fut. avéngopat,
perf. nbénna, (Lat. augeo, in trans-
itive sense.)
avptov, (adv.) to-morrow.
airixa, Soir) immediately; abriaa
Hada, instantly.

Beet mre. +

VOCABULARY.

avrobev, (adv.) from the spot.

avrTo@, (adv.) on the spot.

avT6-paTos, -7, -ov, acting of oneself,
of one’s own account, spontaneous ;
€k TOU avTo-paTov, naturally.

avté-podos, -ov, m. a_ deserter.
(adros, of oneself and podciy, 2 aor.
of BAwckw, I go.)

autos, -7, -0, (reflex. pron.) self;
6 ards (ards), the same, neut. 7d
avro, contr. tattév.

avrod, (adv.) there.

avxny, -évos, m. neck, also a neck of
land, isthmus.

ad-atpew, (Act.) J take away, (Mid)
I rescue; fut. -aipnow, perf. -ypyka,
2 aor. dp-eiAov,

a-pavifw, I cause to disappear, put
out of the way. (4d, not, and daiva,
I show.)

ad-eXEo Oat, dd-ehopevos, 2 aor. mid.
infin. and part. of dp-aipéw.

ad-jow, fut. act. of dp-inu.

a-d8ovia, -as, f. abundance, plenty.
(d-pOovos.)

d-pPovos, -ov, ungrudging, plentiful.
(a4, not, and p@dvos, grudge.)

ad-(npe, I send away, dismiss, let go.
(and, away, and inu, I send); fut.
ap-now, I aor. ap-jKa, perf. dd-
etka, perf. pass. dp-efpat.

ad-txvéopat, I come to, arrive, reach ;
fut. dp-ifopa:, perf. pass. ap-ypat,
2 aor. dp-txdpny.

ad-lornpe, (Act.) I put away, set
aside; fut. dwo-ctnow, I aor. am-
éotnoa, Mid. and intrans. tenses of
Act. I stand off, revolt, 2 aor. am-
éotny, perf. ap-€oTnKa.

d-ppwv, -ov, without sense, silly, (a,
not, and pny, sense.)

*Axatds, -a, -dv, Achaean, a native of
the north coast of Peloponnesus.
ax@opar, I am displeased, am vexed ;
fut. dx@écopa, perf. 7xXOnuat, I aor.

pass. 7x9€oOnv.

~Baorpos, -ov, passable.

187

B.

BaBvAav, -dvos, f. Babylon, on the
Euphrates, the capital of the Persian
Empire.

BaBvdwvia, -as, f. Babylonia, the
flat country between the Tigris and
Euphrates in their lower course.

BaBvAavios, -a, -ov, Babylonian.

Badny, (adv.) slowly. (Baivw, I go.)

Badifw, I walk slowly (opposed to
tpéxw, I run).

Badds, -ela, -v, deep.

Batve, I go, depart; fut. Bnoopa,
perf. BéBnxa, 2 aor. EBny.

Baxrnpla, -as, f. a staff.

BadAw, J throw, hit (with stones) ;
fut. Bada, perf. BEBAnxa, perf. pass.
BéBAnpat, 2 aor. €Badov.

BapBapixés, -7, -dv, barbarian (ap-
plied to all who did not speak
Greek).

BepBapos, -ov, strange, barbarian,
foreigner (not Greek),

Bapéws, (adv.) heavily ; Bapéws pépew
Tt, to be annoyed at, to take a thing
Hib. dove, to be annoyed at
hearing. ©

Bas, 2 aor. part. a Batve.

Baciderd, -as, f. a queen.

Baorela, -as, f. kingly power,
kingdom, sovereignty.

Bacidevos, -ov, of | or belonging toa
king, royal (BactAcds) ; Bactrcrov
(502), a palace, gen. in plural,

Bacrdcts, -éws, m. a king.

Bacrreto, I am king, I reign; fut.
Baotrctow.

(Batve, I go.)

BéBAnpat, perf. pass. of BarArAw.

BeAos, -ovs, n. a missile, dart, arrow.
(BadAAw, I throw.)

BéAriotos, best, used as superl. of
dya0ds; comp. BeAtiwv, better.

Bijpa, -aros, n. a step, pace (=30
inches).

Bijvat, 2 aor. infin. act. from Baivw.

Bia, -as, f. force, violence; Bia, by
force.

188

Pralopar, I force, compel; fut. Bidco-
pac; perf. BeBiaopa.

Biatos, -ov, and -a, -ov, forcible,
violent. (Bia, force.)

Buduvot, -av, m. the Bithynians, Thra-
cian colonists in Asia Minor, East of
the Bosporus (VIII. 162).

Bios, -ov, m. life.

Brotetw, I live, get a living.

BiodvOn, -7s, f. Bisanthe, a town in
Thrace on the Propontis, after-
wards called Rhaedestus, whence its
modern name Rodosto. It is one
of the best harbours on the northern
coast of the Sea of Marmora.

BAakedw, J am slack, am lazy.

BAantw, I hurt, injure; fut. BrAdyo,
perf. pass. BéBAappar, I aor. pass,
€BraPpOny, 2 aor. pass. EBAGBnv.

BAétw, I see, look, behold; fut.
Brépo.

BAnPetyy, 1 aor. pass. opt. of BadAw.

Boaw, I shout; fut. Bonoopat, I aor.
éBénaa,

Bon, -7s, f. a shout, battle cry.

BonPéw, I run to the rescue, assist ;
fut. Bondnow.

Bowwrvos, -a, -ov, Boeotian, or inhabi-
tant of Boeotia.

BoOpos, -ov, m. a ditch, trench.

BovAevw, (Act.) I devise a plan,
(Mid.) Z take counsel, deliberate,
resolve; fut. BovAetow. (BovaAz),
counsel.)

Bov-Aysidw, I suffer from ravenous
hunger; fut. Bov-Ayudow. (Bots,
an ox, Atos, hunger.)

BovdAopat, J wish, desire; fut. BovAn-

copa, perf. BeBovAnpat.

Bots, Bods, m. and f. an ox, cow,

Bpabéws, slowly, adv. from Bpadds,
slow.

Bpaxvs, -cia, -b, short. Comp. Bpa-
xUTepos, super]. Bpaxvraros.

Bpéxo, I wet; perf. pass. BéBpeypat,
I aor. pass, €BpéxOnv.

Bpovrn, -fs, f. thunder.

Bpwrés, -7, -dv, eatable; 1d Bpwrdv,
food (verb adj. of Bpwoxw, I eat).

VOCABULARY,

Bufavriov, -ov, n. Byzantium on the
Bosporus (the modern Constantino-
ple), so called after its founder, Byzas
of Megara.

Ba, 2 aor. subj. from Batvey,

Bwpds, -od, m. a raised place, an
altar,

LE:

yaAnvn, -7s, f. a calm.

yap, for=yt dpa, never at the be-
ginning of a sentence, like Lat.
enim; kal yap, for also, for even.

TavAirys, -ov, m. Gaulites, an exile
from the island of Samos (I. 300).

yé, at least, indeed, in truth.

yeyévnpat, perf. from yiyvopar.
yeltwv, -ovos, m. and f. a neighbour.

yedaw, J laugh; fut. yeAdoopa, 1
aor. éyéAdioa.

yéAos, -wros, laughter.
laugh.)

yeAwro-rrovds, -dv, producing laughter,
a buffoon. (yéAws, laughter, and
movew, I make.)

yévos, -ous, n. birth, race, descent,
offspring. (yiyvopa, I am born.)

Yéppov, ov, n. a wicker shield (covered
with oxhide).

Yyépwv, -ovros, m. an old man.

yevo, (Act.) I give to taste; (Mid.)
I taste; fut. yevoopa.

yépipa, -as, f. a bridge.

yewsys, -€s, earth-like, earthy. (7,
earth, and eidos, form.)

Yi, 7s, f. the earth, land, country.

yiyvopat, J come into being, am born,
become; fut. yevnooua, perf. ye-
yervnuat, 2 aor. éyevdpny, 2 perf.
yéyova, yevéabat, to prove one-
self by act (to be distinguished from
eivat, to be),

YVyvaokw, I get a knowledge of, learn,
judge; fut. yvwoopas, perf. ێyvaxa,
2 aor. €yvow.

Trots, -ov, m. Gliis, the son of
Tamos;: he accompanied Cyrus, and
then joined Artaxerxes (II. 117).

yous, 2 aor. part. of yryvwoKo,

(yedadw, I

VOCABULARY,

yn, -7s, f. judgment, sense, opinion,
intention.

yeoopat, future of yeyreoKw.

ToyytAos, -ov, m. Gongylus, a Eu-
boean from Eretria, who had been
presented with Pergamus by Xerxes
(VIIT. 509).

yoveus, -€ws, a father.
yoveis, parents,

ypadw, J write; fut. paw, perf.
yéypapa, perf. pass. yéypaypat.

yupvalw, I train, exercise, practise;
fut. yupvdow,

yupvys, -77T0s, m. a light-armed foot-
soldier.

Tupvias, Gymnias, the chief city of
the Scythini, probably between the
mountains west of the Taochi (V.
278).

yupvicds, -7, -dv, gymnastic.

yupvis, -7, -dv, naked, lightly clad.

yuvy, yuvakds, f. a woman, wife;
Voc. yuvat, dat. pl. -yuvacgi.

A.

Saxptw, J weep ; fut. daxpiow, (Saxpu,
a tear.)

Saxtudos, -ov, m. a finger,. Sdxtvdos
Tov Todds, a toe,

Satavaw, J spend, waste; fut. Sana-
viow. (Sanavn, expense.)

Sapekds, -ov, m. a Daric, i.e. a
Persian gold coin first coined by
Darius, in value about 16s. Coins
are often called after rulers, as
‘Napoleon, ‘Louis d’or,’ ‘ sove-
reign.’

Aapetos, -ov, 6, Darius II, Nothus,
king of Persia 423-405, B.c.
(Darius I, Hystaspes, preceded
Xerxes, and sent the expedition to
Marathon. Darius III, Codomannus,
was defeated by Alexander the
Great. r

Bacvs, -cia, -v, thick, hairy, rough,
bushy,

5é, but (answering to pév) ; and (con-
necting two clauses), now (con-
tinuing a narrative).

In plural of

189

SeSepat, perf. pass. of 5€w, I bind.
SeSras, 2 perf. part. of Seidw.
SéSoypar, perf. pass. of Soxéw,
Sé5orka, perf. act. of 5eidw.

Sé5opar, perf. pass. of SiSwpe,

SeSpdpyka, perf. act. with pres.
Tpexa.

Sép, subjunctive of de.

Set, (impers.) it ts necessary, (with
gen.) there is need of; fut. denoe.
(70 S€ov, necessity.)

Scidw, I fear; fut. Seicopat, 1 aor.
deca, perf. S€5ocxa, 2 perf. Sédia.
5é50ixa pr, I fear he will, 5€5o:xa
pn) ob, I fear he won't.

Seixvupt, I show, explain’; fut. deifw,
perf. pass. 6é5erypar.

SeiAn, -ns, f. the hottest part of the day,
the afternoon.

Sekés, -7, -dv, fearful, cowardly.
(Sé€os, fear.)

Sewés, -7, -dv, inspiring fear, terrible,
dreadful. Sevds déyew, clever at
speaking, a clever speaker.

Savas, adv. of Sevds, terribly. Seas
éxewv, to be in straits. (8é€os, fear.)

SetEat, 1 aor. infin. act. from Seievupe.

Semvéw, I take dinner or supper ; fut.
demvjco.

Settrvov, -ov, n. dinner, supper (the
chief meal of the day).

Sékxa, fen (indecl.). (Lat. decem.)
Aeddoi, -dv, m. Delphi in Phocis,
celebrated for its oracle (IV. 16).

SévBpov, -ov, n. a tree,

Sefvds, -4, -dv, on the right hand (Lat.
dexter). 1%] 5eftd (xelp), the right
hand. 5Seftdv Sodvac or AaBeiv, to
give or take pledges.

Aéunmos, -ov, m. Dexippus, a Spartan,
who got the Greeks into trouble
with Cleander (VII. 244).

Séor, opt. of det.

Séopar, I need, want, ask; fut. dehco-
pat (with gen.).

Séppa, -aros, n. a skin, hide.
I flay.)

Seopds, -o¥, m. a bond, fetter. (Ska
Z bind.)

(dépe

190

Sebpo, (adv.) hither.

Sevtepos, -a, -ov, second. (8vo, two.)

Séxopat, 7 receive, accept; fut. 5éfo-
pat, perf, b€deypau.

Sew, I bind, fasten; fut. Sjow, perf.
dé5exa, perf. pass. 5€5euar, 1 aor.
pass, €5€0ny.

Séw, J need, want, request; fut. denow.
(Cp. Sef and S€opa.)

8m, truly, assuredly ; ri 5), why then?
Often emphasises a word, as évTava
Sy, at this moment, (Lat. tum
demum.)

SiAos, -77, -ov, clear, certain, evident.

SyAdw, J make clear, show, point out,
declare; fut. SyAwow, perf. deé7-
Awka. (d7A0s, clear.)

Sypaywyéw, I lead the people, am
popular with (with accus.). (djp0s,
the people, and dyw, I lead.)

Sypdoros, -a, -ov, belonging to the
people, public. ta Snpdowa, public
property.

Syrov, (adv.) of course, doubtless.

Sia, prep. with gen. and acc, I. with
gen. i. of place, through; ii. of
time, through, during, as 5a vuxros,
during night; iii, of the instru-
ment, by means of. II. with accus.
because of, on account of, as da zi,
why? lit. ‘on account of what?’
[Obs. &d ood, ‘by your means,’ iid
o?, ‘for your sake.’] In Composition,
through, thoroughly, separately (Lat.
dis-) as S1a-ridnyu, ‘1 place separ-
ately,’ i.e. ‘dispose’ (Lat. dis-pono);
across, as in d:a-Baive,

S:a-Batvw, I go through, cross; walk
about; fut, -Bncopat, perf, -BéBnKa,
2 aor. &-éBnv.

Sia-BaddAw, lit. J throw or carry over;
(metaphorically) Z tear in pieces a
man’s character, i.e. slander.

Si4-Bacis, -ews, f. a going over,
passage, ford (of a river).

Sia-Baréos, that must be crossed.
dva-Baréov éorl, we must cross.

76s, -f, -dv, that can be crossed,
passable (verbal adj, of 8:a-Baiva),

VOCABULARY,

Sia-Bi.Balw, J carry over, carry across;
fut. -BiBaow.

Si-ayyéAAw, J send a message, inform;
fut. Se-ayyerd@, perf. bi-AyyeAxa,
1 aor. di-nyyetAa.

Si-aykvAdw, I hold the javelin by the
thong ready to shoot. (éd, and
ayKvan, the thong of a javelin.)

§.-dyw, (1) I carry across; (2) I pass,
spend (my life); fut. 5:-afw, perf.
pass. -Rypat.

Sia-Sidwpr, J give from hand to hand,
distribute ; fut. -bwow.

&:d-50x0s, -ov, m. and f. taking
another's place, a successor. (6a,
and déxopat, receive.)

Std-Ketpar, J am ina certain state, am
disposed. ¢ptdix@s draketaOa, to be
friendly disposed (=pass. of dia-
TiOn pt, I dispose).

Sia-keAcvouar, I exhort, encourage,
cheer on; fut. -xeXevoopat.

Sta-kAdw, I break in pieces; imperf.
-€xAwy, I aor. -€xAdoa.

Sia-Kémrtw, J cut through; fut. -ndpo.

Sta-Kdatot, -al, -a, ‘wo hundred.

Sta-Aayxavw, I divide by lot; fut.
-Anfopat, 2 aor. 5i-€Aayxoy,

Sia-A€yw (Act.), I pick out, (Mid.)
I discourse, converse (with dat.);
fut. -A€fopat,

St-ap-mepés, (adv.) through and
through, right through. (6d, dvd,
and meipw, I pierce.)

Sta-vogopar, I think over, intend, pur-
pose ; fut. -vojcopat, perf. -vevdényuat,
I aor. pass. &:-evonOnv. (dia, and
vous, the mind.)

Bid-vowa, -as, f. thought, purpose, in-
tention,

S.a-mwAéw, I sail over, sail across; fut.
-mrAevoopat, perf, pass. -mémAev-
opa.

Sia-mopetw,” (Act.) Z carry over,
(Mid.) Z pass across, march through.

Sta-mpatrw, (Act.) I accomplish,
(Mid.) I stipulate, manage, nego-
tiate; fut. -mpagm, perf. pass, -mé
mpayyat.

VOCABULARY.

St-aprdalw, I tear in pieces, spoil,
plunder; fut. -apmaow, perf. pass.
-pmagpat.

Sta-ppimtw, I throw about, scatter.

Sia-ppupis, -ews, f. a scattering about.

Sia-onpaltvw, I point out, indicate ;
fut. -onudive@, 1 aor. di-eonunva.

Sia-oKynvéw, (trans.) J place in se-
parate tents, (intrans.) I encamp
separately,

Sia-omrdw, I tear asunder, scatter ;
fut. -omacopat.

S.a-orretpw, I scatter about, disperse;
fut. -omep®, 2 aor. pass. di-eomapny.

Sta-opevSovaa, (Act.) J scatter as by
a sling, (Pass.) I fly in pieces, as if
hurled from a sling. (opevddvn, a
sling.)

Sid-oxoupt, 2 aor. opt. from &-éxo.

8id-oxw, 2 aor. subj. from bi-éxw.

Sia-calw, I preserve to the end. (6d,
throughout, and ow w, I preserve.)

Sta-riOyyt, (Act.) Z place separately,
arrange in order; (Mid.) I dispose
of; fut. -Oncw. ;

Sta-rpiBw, J wear away, spend, waste
(xpévov], (Lat. tempus terere);
delay; fut. -rpitjw, 2 aor. pass. d€-
TptBnv.

Sta-pavas, (adv.) manifestly, plainly.
(dd, through, and paivw, I show.)
Sta-hépw, (1) J carry over; (2) intrans.
I differ from, excel; (impers.)
diaeper, there is a difference;
(Mid.) I quarrel about (dpi
Tivos); fut. di-olow, 2 aor. &-jvey-

kov.

dia-hevyw, I flee through, escape safe
away ; fut. -pevgopat.

Sia-pOeipw, I destroy, kill; fut.
-pOepa, perf. pass. d:-EpOappar.

SiBdEw, fut. act. of dudaoxw.

SiSacKkados, -ov, m. a teacher, mas-
ler.

SiSdoKw, J teach, inform, show; fut.
554g, perf. dedi5axa, I aor. pass.
€5:5axOnv.

SSdvar, pres. infin. from didwpe.

Sidwpi, J give, offer; fut, Saou, perf,

191

5é5wKa, perf. pass. S€Sopuatr, I aor.
é5wxa (2 aor. in plural, €Sopev,
é5ore, é50cav), 2 aor. mid. é60-
Hq.

St-ékAwv, imperf. indic. of 5:a-xAdw.

St-eAatvw, I drive through, charge
through ; fut. -eAdow or -€A@.

Si-épxopat, J go or pass through ;
2 aor. 5i-7A0ov.

S.-EPOappar, perf. pass. of 5i:a-PpOeipw.

Si-exw, J divide; (intrans.) I am
separated, am distant; fut. 5i-€£w or
dia-oxj I, 2 aor. di-ecxov.

Si-nyéopar, I go through a story,
narrate ; fut. -nyqoopat.

Si-nyevAwpévos, perf. part. of bi-
ayKuAcw.

St-Lornpt, (Act.) I divide, (Mid. and
intransitive tenses of Act.) I stand
apart; fut. dia-orjow, 2 aor. di-
éoTny.

Sikatos, -a, -ov, just, fair.
justice.)

Sikatws, (adv.) justly, fairly, rightly.

Sikn, -ns, f. justice, right, also penalty.
diknv AaBelv, or emOetvar, to inflict
punishment, (Lat. poenas sumere ;)
dixnv Sovva, or Exe, to suffer
punishment (Lat. poenas dare).

Siew, J whirl round. (divn, a whirl.)

St-optttw, I dig through, break
through; fut. -opvéw, perf. pass.
-opwpvypat, plupf. -wpwpuyynv.

Sis, (adv.) twice. (Lat. bis.)

Sts-xiAton, -a1, -a, two thousand,

SipOépa, -as, f. a prepared hide,
leather bag’, wallet.

Sidpos, -ov, m. properly the footboard
of a war-chariot, hence a chariot,
seat of a chariot, and generally a
seat,

Sixa, (adv.) in two parts, apart ; woveiv
dixa, to divide.

Siake, I pursue; fut. Sidéw.

Soypa, -aros, n. a resolution, decree.

Soinv, 2 aor. opt. act. of di5wpu.

Soxew, I think; (intrans.) I seem,
(impers.) Soxef pot, it seems good to
me; 17a Sedoypéva, resolutions;

(dixn,

192

é50fe tavra, these things were de-
cided; fut. 5éfw, 1 aor. €5ofa, perf.
pass. beduypar.

8dXos, -ov, m. craft, trick, deceit. (Lat.
dolus.)

Sopevos, 2 aor.
5iSarpee.

Ska, -ns, f. (1) opinion; (2) renown,
glory (Soxéw).

Softw, future of Soxéw.

Sopkas, -abos, f. a gazelle, so called
from its bright eyes, from 5épxopat,
I see.

Sépv, -atos, n. a spear, lance.

Scpu-pédpos, -ov, m. a spear-man;
plur. body-guards. (Sdpu, a spear,
and pépa, I bear.)

8és, 2 aor. imperative of SiSwju.

Sdc@at, 2 aor. infin. mid. of diSapu.

SovAos, -ov, m. a slave.

Sotvat, 2 aor. infin. act. of Si5ape.

Sovs, 2 aor. participle of Si5wpu.

Apakévrios, -ov, m. Dracontius, a
Spartan, president of the games at
Trapezus (V. 328).

Spapeiv, Spapav, 2 aor. inf. and part.
with pres. Tpéxa.

Spapodpar, fut. with pres. tpéxw.

Spémavov, -ov, n. a scythe. (dpérw,
I pluck.)

Apida, -av, m. the Drilae, a people
in Pontus, near Trapezus.

Spépos, -ouv, m. a race, running ; quick
pace, as in dpdpm ety; to run fast.
(€-Spap-oy 2 aor. with pres. rpé-
xo, I run.)

Suvapar, J have power, am able, can ;
fut. Suvyqoopa, imperf. edvvapny,
(2 pers. €dve,) also H5uvaynv.

Suvapts, -ews, f. (1) power, means; (2)
a force, i.e. troops. (Lat. copiae.)

Suvarés, -7, -dv, powerful, (Svvapai,
I am able.)

Suvqcopar, fut. of Sivapa.

Stvwo, I sink, set (of the sun); fut.
Svcopat, 2 aor. éduv.

So, Svoiv, two. (Lat. duo.)

Svcoph, -js, f. a sinking, setting.
(dtvw, I set.)

mid. participle of

VOCABULARY.

Sug-mdp-ttos, -ov, hard to pass. (Sus-
hard, and map-eju, J pass.)

SUc-mopos, -ov, hard to pass.
hard, and mépas, a passing.)

Sto-xpycros, -ov, hard to use, use-
less, unserviceable. (Sus-, hard, and
xpdopa, I use.)

Svw, J cause to enter; fut. dvce;
(Mid. and intrans. tenses) Z sink,
set; 2 aor. éduv.

84, 2 aor. subj. act. of 5i5apu.

Sa6exa, twelve.

Swpéopat, J present with; fut. Swpr-
copa. (dwpor, a gift.)

Sapov, -ov, n. a gift, present. (Sidapu,
T give.)

Saou, future of 5i5aju.

(Sus-,

E.

€, gen. ov, dat. of, (Lat. se, sut, sibi)
himself, but used as personal pronoun,
him.

éav, (ei, dv) if even, if (always takes
subj.).

€av, pres. inf. of édw.

éautév, -7v, -b, himself, herself, itself.

éaw, I let, permit, leave alone; fut.
édow, I aor. €laca.

€-Badov, 2 aor. of BadAw,

EBSopyxovta, seventy.

é-Bny, 2 aor. of Baivw.

€-BANOyy, I aor. pass. of B4AAw.

ێ-BovAipiaca, 1 aor. act. of BovAr
pad.

é-Bowv, impf. ind. of Bodo».

éyyvs, (adv.) near, nearly; compar.
eyyurepoy and EY TEpD ; superl,
éyyltara and éyyuTara.

é-yéAwv, impf. ind. of yeAda.

€-yevopny, 2 aor. of yiyvopat.

éy-Kadéw, J call in; (with dat.) bring
a charge against; fut. -xadéow.
(éy, and xadréw, I call.)

€y-xetpat. I lie in, am placed in;
fut. -ceigopat.

éy-Képados, -ov, within the head, sc.
puedds, the pith of the palm.

€-yvev, 2 aor. of ywyrwoKe,

VOCABULARY.

>

éy&, pers. pron. J, Whenever inserted,
it is emphatic, Z myself (as opposed
to some one else); éuod, épol, éve
are also emphatic: pov, pot, pe, are
the usual or non-emphatic forms.

EYE, I for my part.

é-Samrdvov, impf. act. of damavdw.

é-5eAOny, 1 aor. pass, of déopar, J want.

é-5e, impf. of Set.

é-Seifa, 1 aor. of Sefevupu.

é-Beoa, I aor. of 5ei5w.

€-5yoa, I aor. of 5éw, I bind.

€-5iSouv, for édi5wv, impf. of didwpyu.

eSopar, fut. with pres. éa0iw.

€-Sépnv, 2 aor. mid, of 5idwpe.

€-5ofa, 1 aor. of Soxéw.

€-Socayv, 3 pl. 2 aor. of SiSwp (€5wxa
is used in the sing.).

é-Spapov, 2 aor. with pres. 7péxw.

é-5uve, 2 sing. impf. of dvvayar.

€-Swka, I aor. of Si5wpu.

é-fnv, 2 aor. of Caw,

€-Bavov, 2 aor. of OvjoKw,

e@cdovrhs, -od, m, a volunteer.

€Béhw, I wish, am willing ; fut. é0¢-
Anow, I aor. 70éAnoa.

€-Oeopny, impf. ind. of Oedopar.

€-Oewpouv, impf. ind. of Oewpéw.

€Ovos, -ous, n. a nation, tribe.

ei, (conj.) if (with ind. and opt., never
with the subj.): after verbs of
deliberating (as BovAeveOa), whe-
ther; ei pr, unless.

eiSe(nv, opt. of ofa.

eidévat, infinitive of ofa.

eiSov, 2 aor. with pres. dpa.

elSos, -ous, n. an appearance, form
(iSetv used as 2 aor. of paw).

cid, subj. of of5a,

cides, participle of ofa,

eixdlw, I make like, conjecture, guess ;
fut. eixdow.

eixés, eixdros, n. likely, reasonable
(neuter of the participle of gona,
shortened from €o:xds); ws eixds,
as is probable.

eikoot, twenty.

* eikw, see orca,

ei-Anppat, perf, pass. of AauBarvw.

O

493

ei-Anda, perf. act. of AapBave.

etAkov, impf. act. of éAxw.

ethopyy, I chose; 2 aor. mid, with
pres. aipéw.

elAov, 2 aor. act. with pres. afpéw.

eipt, Jam; fut. éoopat, impf. HY ; €oti
pot, I have; ove éoTt, it is impossible.

cipt, I shall go (Lat. ibo) 5 imperf.
Nev, imperat. (6, infin. iévar, verb.
adj. iréov, one must go.

cima, I aor. with pres. onl.

clropqy, impf. of éropas.

eitrov, 2 aor. with pres. pnpl.

e(pyacpat, perf. pass. of épyaCopat.

cipyov, imperf. ind. of eipyw.

eipyw, I shut out, exclude ; fut. eiptw.

cipyxa, I have said, perf, with pres.
gnpt; pf. pass. etpnyat, I aor. pass.
€ppnonv.

elpyvn, -ns, f. peace.

eis, prep. with accus. only, I. of place,
into, to; II. of time, as els €owépay,
towards evening ; eis Thv barepaiay,
Sor the next day; Tl. with numerals,
as eis Exarov, up to a hundred, i.e.
as much as a hundred; IV. of pur-
pose, for, with regard to, as els Td5€,
for this purpose. In Composition,
into, to.

eis, pla, év; gen. évds, pds, évds,
one,

eis-dyw, I lead into, introduce; fut.
-dfw, 2 aor. -nyayov.

eis-axovtilw, I throw javelins into,
(dxévriov, a javelin.)

eis-Svopar, I enter into; fut. -ddcopua,
2 aor. eis-€5uv.

els-expt, I go into, enter.

eis-Epxopat, I come into, enter; fut.
-eAevoopat, 2 aor. -7AGov.

els-o50s, -ov, f. an entrance.
into, and 680s, way.)

eis-wySdu, I leap into; fut. -rndqjow.

eis-ritrw, I fall into; fall upon,
attack; fut. -mecovpat, 2 aor.
-€megov,

eiorykev, I was standing ; pluperf. of
torn, but intrans. and used as the
imperf. of éornxa, I stand,

(els,

194

eis-rpéxw, I run into; 2 aor. €ic-
é5papor.

eis-hépw, I bring into, bring in; fut.
-oigw, I aor, -nveyka, I aor. pass.
-nvéxOnv.

etow, (adv.) within. (eis, into.)

etra, (adv.) afterwards, next, then.

et-re, whether (followed by a second
et-re, or, Lat. sive .. sive).

elxov, imperf, of éxw.

eiw6a, I am wont (perfect with present
meaning, from * €6w).

etwv,, imperf, of édw (contracted from
elaov).

éx (€€ before a vowel), prep. with gen.
only, I. of place or origin, out of,
from; II. of time, from, after, since,
as é« tTovrou, after this; III. of
result or accordance, in consequence
of, according to, as €« Ta onovdar,
according to the truce. In Com-
position, out of, from.

é-xa0ypny, imperf. of c46npa: (pluperf.
in form, but «d@nyas is used as a
pres., J sit down).

kaos, -7, -ov, each. (Lat. quisque.)

éxdotore, (adv.) each time.

éxatepos, -a, -ov, each of two.
uterque.)

Exatépwhev, (adv.) from both sides, on
both sides.

éxatév, a hundred, indeclinable.

‘Exatavupos, -ov, m. Hecatonymus,
an envoy from Sinope (VI. 123).

é-KavOnv, I aor. pass. of xalw.

€-cavoa, I aor. act. of xaiw.

éx-Balvw, I go out, disembark; fut.
-Bnoopar, 2 aor. éf-€Bnv.

éx-BadAw, I drive out, expel; fut.
-Bad@, 2 aor. é£-éBadoyr, I aor. pass.
&f-eBAnOnv. (éxmimrw is used for
the Pass.)

&x-Bacts, -ews, f. a going out, egress,
a pass. (é«, and Baivw, I go.)

éx-BonPéw, I march out to the rescue ;
fut. se apr e

éx-yovos, -ov, born of, sprung ees
(é«, and yiyvopat, I am born.) - ta
éxyova, the offspring, the young.

(Lat.

VOCABULARY,

éx-5idwpr, J give up, give a daughter
in marriage.

€x-Svo, I strip of (clothing) ; fut. éx-
Shawn, I aor. éf-€5uca.

éxet, (adv.) there, yonder. (Lat.
illic.)
éxetOev, (adv.) thence. (Lat. inde.)

é-kelpnyyv, imperf. of «efpar.

€x€ivos, -7, -0, yonder man, that man.
(Lat. ille.)

éxetoe, (adv.) thither. (Lat. illuc.)

é-cexAeipny, pluperf. pass. of «ela.

éx-Oéw, J run out, sally forth, imperf.
éf-é8eov.

€k-OA(Bw, I push out, squeeze out.

éx-kadUmrw, I uncover, unpack; fut.
-~o, pf. pass. -wpuar.

éx- “KAngia, -as, f. an assembly, meeting.
(é, and xadéor, I call.)

éx-kAtvw, J bend aside; intrans. (of
soldiers) bend out of line, give way;
fut. -KAtva.

éx-kout{w, I carry out, fetch out;
I aor. éf-exdpuca.

éx-kuBiotdw, I throw a somersault;
imperf. éf-exuBiorov.

éx-Aéyw, J pick out, select; fut. éx-
Aéfm, perf. pass. éf-eiAeypar, 1 aor.
éf-eXéxOnv.

€x-Aeitrw, trans. J leave out, forsake ;
intrans. fail. (Hence Eng. ec-lipse.)

€-«AnOny, I aor. pass. of xadréw.

éx-mréutrw, I send out, send away ; fut.
-~~o, I aor, éf-éreppa.

éx-treodv, 2 aor. participle of éx-
winTo,

éx-m Saw, I leap out, make a sally;
fut. -rndnoopat.

éx-mrintw, I fall out, fall away, rush
out; am driven out, am banished ;
fut. -wecodua, 2 aor. éf-émecoy
(used as pass. of ée-BadAw).

éx-tAayels, 2 aor. pass. participle of
éx-mAqooo.

éx-trAéw, I sail out, sail away; fut.
-wAevcopa, I aor. éf-érAevoa.

éx-tAews, -ov, quite full, sane
(é«, utterly, and méos,

éx-rAqttw, (Act.) I strike “out (of

Bigritey.

VOCABULARK

one’s senses), astonish, (Pass.) I am
astonished, scared ; 2 aor. pass. é£-
eTAayNV.

€k-Topevopat, J go out, set out (ona
march) ; fut. -ropevcopat.

€k-tropifw, I contrive, provide, furnish ;
I aor, é¢-enépica.

€k-Twpa, -aros, n. a drinking cup:
(iv, perf. wénwxa, I drink.)

é-kpepdunv, impf. of «péuapat (used
as pass, of kpepavvupe).

€-kptvapnyv, I aor. mid. of «piva.

€-kTavov, 2 aor. act. of Kreivw.

é-kTewa, I aor. act. of xTEivw.

€x-te(vw, (Act.) I stretch out, (Mid.)
extend the line of an army; fut. éx-
Teva, I aor. éf-€éreva, perf. pass.
éx-7éTapat, I aor. pass. ef-eTdOny.

éKTnodpny, T aor. of xTdopat.

€k-tpépw, I rear, bring up (a child) ;
fut. -Opépw, 2 aor, pass, éf-erpa-

> He

éx-rpéxw, I run out, make a sally;
2 aor. é¢-€5papor.

é-xuAtvbouv, imperf. of «vAwdéw.

éxav, -odca, -dv, of one’s own accord,
willingly.

€-AaBov, 2 aor. of AapBavor

€-AaGov, 2 aor. of AavOavw.

éXaia, -as, f. the olive.

éAdoas, I aor. part. of éAatve.

é\atTovs, nom. or acc. pl. of €AaTTw,
contr. from éAdrroves, or éAdrT-
Tovas.

€Xdttwv, formed from éAaxis, used as
comparative of puxpds.

éhatvw, I drive, ride, march; fut.
éAdow or €A@, I aor. 7jAaca, perf.
éAjAaka, I aor, pass. 7AGOnV.

éhadetos, -ov, belonging to a stag.
(éAagos, a stag; 3) €Adpea xpéa,
deer’s flesh, venison.

eAadpiés, -d, -dv, light, active, nimble.

éLadpas, (adv.) lightly, nimbly.

€-Aaxov, 2 aor. of Aayxavw.

éXeiv, 2 aor, infin. with pres. aipéw.

é-AetOnyv, I aor. pass. of Acinw.

éAéo Oat, 2 aor, infin, mid, with pres,

aipéo,

195

éXevOepia, -as, f. freedom, liberty.

€evOepos, -a, -ov, free.

€X-7AvOa, perf. with pres. Epxopat.

€-ANPOnv, I aor. pass. of AapBaver.

€XGeiv, 2 aor. infin, with pres. épXopat.
eAOav, 2 aor. part. with pres, épyoyuat.

é- iNurov: 2 aor. of Aeizw.

‘EdAds, -ddos, f. Hellas, the name for
Greece amongst the Greeks, who
called themselves Hellenes.

"EXAny, -nvos, m. a Greek.

‘EdAnvixds, -7, -dv, (adj.) Greek.

E\Anvilw, I speak Greek.

“EAAnvis, -i50s, f. a Greek woman. As
an adj. with fem. nouns, Greek.

‘EAAqotrovtos, -ov, m. (“EAAns trév-
Tos, the sea of Hellé), the Hellespont,
now the Dardanelles.

€Xoiuny, 2 aor. opt. mid, with pres.
aipéw.

€Xopevos, 2 aor. part. mid. with pres,
aipéw.

edtrifw, I hope or expect (used either
of hope or fear).

éAtris, -i5os, f. hope.

éXav, 2 aor. act. part. with pres, alpew

é-paov, 2 aor. of pavOavw.

épautov, Ys myself (reflexive pro-
noun) ; pl. yas avrovs.

éu-Baive, I go in, go on board, em-
bark. (€p- for év- before B and tr.)
ép-Badro, trans. J throw in; inflict;
sete rush in, invade.

€p-BiBalw, I cause to enter, cause to
embark, put on board (transitive of
éu-Baivw).

é-petva, I aor. of pévw,

é-pvqoOnv, I aor. pass. of peporhare.

€.6s,-7),-dv, my, mine ; poss, adj. of é-ya.

ép-redéw, I make firm, abide firmly
by (Spkous, oaths) ; fut. éu-reidow.

ép-tetpta, -as, f. skill, experience,

éu-tretpos, -ov, experienced, practised.
(év, and wetpa, experience.)

éu-mumpas, pres. part. of éu-mimpyyt.

ép-rimpnpt, I burn, set on fire; fut.
ép-mpnow, I aor, év-émpnaa. (ey,
and mipmpnyt, of which p is dropped
where éy- precedes.)

02

196

ép-mrittw, I fall upon, attack; fut.
-Tegoupal, 2 aor. év-émecov,

tp-md8t0s, -ov, in the way, a hin-
drance, (év, and mobs, a foot.)

€p-trovéw, J make in, cause; instil into
the mind, fut. -now.

ép-troAdw, I gain by traffic, sell.
(€pm0A2), traffic.)

ép-tropos, -ov, m. a merchant, trader.

tp-tmpoodev, (ady.) before, in front;
Ta Eunpoader, the fore-parts.

év, prep., with dat. only :—I. of place,
in, on, among; II. of time, ix,
during, as éy rotrw, during this
(time), i.e. meanwhile; III. in the
power of (Lat. penes), as év épol,
in my power; 1V. of condition, as
évy pdBw, in (a state of) fear. In
Composition, i, at, upon.

év-avTLos, -a, -ov, opposite, opposed to,
hostile; é« tov évavtiov, opposite
(of place).

év-avridopat, I set myself against,
oppose; fut. évayrimoopat.

év-attw, I kindle, set on fire; fut.
-aiyw, perf. -jupar (lit. I fasten on,
from év, and Gara, I fix).

év-Sera, -as, f. want, deficiency.

évSo0ev, (adv.) from the inside (of mo-
tion from within).

€vBov, (adv.) inside (of rest in a place).

év-5vo, trans. J put on (some one else),
2 aor. intrans, év-é5uv, I put on
(myself).

év-2Byyv, 2 aor. of éu-Baivo.

év-eBiBaca, I aor. of éu-BiBalw.

év-eyt, J am in; imperf. év-jv.

€vexa, prep. with gen., on account of,
for the sake of.

év-exdAouv, imperf. of éy-xaréw.

év-erlpmpacayv, imperf. 3 pl. of ép-
nimpnu.

€vexev, the same as Evexa, but used
before a vowel. .

év-4\pa, 1 aor. of éy-anrro.

évOa, (adv.) (of place) here, there ; (of
time) thereupon, then, also as relative
adv., where, when; év0a wai év6a,
here and there.

KOCABULARY.,

evOade, (adv.) thither, there, here.

evOatrep, where (stronger form of év6a).

evOev, thence, hence.

év-Oupéopat, have in mind, consider ;
fut. -joopa, I aor. év-eOupn@ny.
(év, and @upos, mind.)

év-O$upypa, -aros, n. a thought (lit.
something in the mind, from év and
Oupés).

é-vikwy, imperf, of vxdw.

€vuol, -al, -a, some,=év ol, i.e. év-
evow ob, lit. there are who.

éviote, sometimes,=évt Gre, i.e. Ev-
eoTw Ore, lit. there is a time
when.

év-vova, -as, f. thought, design.
and vous, the mind.)

é-voyoa, I aor. of voéw,

év-oxAéw, I give trouble, annoy; fut.
év-0xAN Tw.

évradda, (adv.) (1) of place, there, here;
(2) of time, thereupon, then, now.

évrevOev, (adv.) (1) of place, thence,
hence; (2) of time, henceforth, thence-
forth; (3) therefore.

év-tipos, -ov, held in honour, valuable.
(tipn, honour.)

év-rovws, earnestly (lit. ‘with an effort,
from év, and teivw, I stretch or
strain).

évrés, (adv.) inside, within (of place or
time) with gen. (év).

év-tuyxdave, I light upon, meet with ;
fut. -revfopar, 2 aor. év-€ruxor.

é-vuxtépevoa, I aor. of vuxrepeto,

év-wpoTdpyx ys, -ov, m. a commander
of 25 men; lit. ‘a commander of a
band of sworn soldieis,’ (from éy,
and duvuju, I swear.)

€€ for é« before vowels.

€&, six.

éf-ayyéAAw, I report; fut. éf-ayyeAd,
I aor. -7yyetAa.

éE-dyw, I lead out; fut. -dgw, 2 aor.
~fiyaryov.

éE-alperos, -ov, taken out, chosen (é
and alperds, verbal adj. of aipéw).
éEalpera, choice portions.

e€-aipeéw, (Act.) J take out, 2 aor.

(éy,

See é«,

|

VOCABULARY,

-etAov: (Mid.) Z choose, 2 aor.
-e.Aduny.
e§-auréw, (Act.) J demand from (any-
body), (Mid.) I beg off; fut. -jow,
I aor. -7 7904.
éEaxis-x{Atot, -a, -a, six-thousand.
efakdotot, -al, -a, six-hundred.
e€-adatrafw,I sack, plunder ; fut. -fo.
é€-GAAopat, J leap out; (of a horse)
rear; fut. -aAovyuat, I aor. -nAd-
Env. (GAAopa is Lat. salio.)
ef-av-lornpt, trans. I make to rise
(in pres., imperf., fut., I aor.) ; fut.
-dva-oTnow ; intrans. I stand up (2
or., perf., plupf.), 2 aor. -av-€oTnv.
eE-atataw, I deceive entirely; fut.
-amaTHow, I aor. pass. -ymaTnOnv.
eEatrivys, (= éefaipyns), suddenly.
e€-avAtfopat, I leave my quarters,

bivouac out of doors. (avdAn,
resting place for night.)

e£-€9eov, imperf. of éx-0éw,

ef-etn, opt. of. ef-eoTt,

e€-erp, I go out, sally forth. (é, and

eiut, tbo.) Used as fut. of é€-
épxopat.

ef-exopica, €-exopicdpny, I aor. act.
and mid. of é«-Kopivw,

é£-exuBiora, imperf. 3rd sing. of éx-
kvBioTaw.

e€-eXavvw, (trans.) I drive out, (in-
trans.) ride out, march out; fut.
-eAdow or -€AW.

ef-éAurrov, 2 aor. of éx-A€izw.

e-Eevifov, imperf. of fevicw.

ef-épxopat, I go out, come out; for
the fut. €f-etyu, 2 aor. éf-7APov.

eE-eott, (impers.) it is allowed, ot
possible; part. éfov, it being possible.

ék-éraots, -ews, f. an examination,
review (of troops). (morety eféracw,
to hold a review.)

éf-erpadny, 2 aor. pass. of éx-Tpépw,

eENkovra, sixty.

€§-7v, imperf. of a €oTt.

éf-uxvéopat, I arrive at, reach (with
gen.) 5 fut. -ifopat, 2 aor. seed pny.

ég-ov, neut. Tn part. from éf-eo71.

eg- -omdite, I arm, (Mid.) I arm

197

myself, go forth armed. (Sma,
arms.)

€Ew, fut. of Exo.

éEw, (adv.) without, outside; also as

prep. with gen. outside of.

eEwbev, (ady.) from without.

€ouxa, 2 perf. (formed from * efxw,
which is not used), J seem likely,
it is probable that I (neut. part.
eixos, probable}.

€-mraQov, 2 aor. of maaxyw.

étr-atvéw, J praise; fut. -€ow or -€gopar,
I aor. -7veoa,

€tratvos, -ov, m. praise.

é-Tratoy, imperf. of tafe,

€n-av-épxopat, I come or go back,
return, 2 aor. -7)A Bor,

énérata, I aor. in use with the pres.
TANTTO.

érei, (conj. ) when, since. [Distinguish
from érera.]

émrerSav = érerd7) av, whenever, always
-with the subjunctive.

éret6y, strengthened form of émeé.

ér- -€Lpt, I come upon, advance, attack;
huepa émovoa, the following day.
(efyt, Lat. tbo.)

émr-erpt, IZ am upon, am over (a river).
(eipt, Lat. sum.)

[émeipopar], I ask besides, ask; fut.
-epnoowar, 2 aor. -npopny, inf.
-epéodar. (Pres. not used in Attic.
See Epopat and épwrdw.)

émevta, (adv.) chen, afterwards, there-
upon, [Distinguish from émeé.]

ér-epeAovpny, imperf. of ém-perA€opat.

é-mre-r6vOerv, pluperf. of macxm, perf.
to mémov@a,

éx-€pxopat, I come upon, come to,
proceed; 2 aor. -7A9ov. For the
fut. ém-erpu is used.

€-1rewov, 2 aor. of mintw.

éx-eotatouy, imperf. of é émt-oT aT ew,

é- T™ Yvon, imperf. of TI YVU pA.

én-qveoa, I aor. of ém-awvéw.

émi, prep. with gen., dat., and accus.,
I. With gen. of place, on, upon,
after verbs of motion ‘¢owards, lit.
“on the line of,’ as mAciv ént Sa

198

pov, to sail towards Samos; ii.
of time, as éwi Kupou, in the time
of Cyrus; iii, with numerals, as émt
Tertapev, four deep, lit. on a basis
Ofnufotrna.. lls With: data as, Of
place, on, upon, at; ii. of time, at,
on, in; iii. of purpose, for, with a
view to; iv. of condition, as ém
TrovTois, on these conditions, also
‘besides this. III. With accus. i.
of motion, on fo, against; ii. of time,
for, during, up to; iii. of purpose,
for, as ént ri; ‘for what (purpose) ?’
émt deirvov, for supper. In Com-
position, upon, at, by, besides. Before
an aspirated vowel émt becomes é’,
as ép’ inmou, on horseback.

ér-laot, 3rd pl. pres. of é-expt.

ém-Baive, I go to, go upon; mount.
2 aor, én-€Bnv.

émt-Baddw, I throw upon; fut. -Badrd,
perf. -BéBAnka. ém-BeBAnpévor
tofétat, archers with arrows on the
string. Lit. ‘having put [arrows]
on their [strings].’

ém-Bovdrevw, J plan or plot against ;
fut. -evow.

émiBovaAn, -7s, f. a plot, treachery.

ém-Seixvupt, I show, display; fut.
-Seigw, I aor. én-€5erga.

ém-5etv, 2 aor. inf. of ém-eidov (pres.
ép-opdw).

ém-5iSwpr, I give besides; fut. ém-
dwow, I aor. ér-€dwxa,

éem-Staxnw, I pursue
-biwto.

é-meldpny, imperf. mid, of mécw.

ém-Oupéw, I desire, covet, with gen.
(émt and Oupds).

ém-Kapirrw, I bend in, (of troops)
wheel round ; fut. -eappo.

émi-Kepat, (1) J lie upon, am placed
upon; (2) I assault, attack (used as
pass. of ém-7iOnju).

émt-cotpypa, -aros, n. help, pro-
tection.

ém-Kpdtea, -as, f. cover, protection
(lit. power over, from ém, and xpda-
Tos, power).

after; fut.

VOCABULARY.

émt-AapBdvw, (Act. and Mid.) Z lay
hold of, seize, with gen,

émt-avOdvopat (or em-AnPopar), J
forget; fut. €m-Ancopar, 2 aor.
ér-eAaddpny, perf, ém-A€AnT pat.

€mt-Aettrw, (trans.) J leave behind,
(intrans.) J fail, am wanting, 2 aor.
-€XuTrOV.

értXextos, -ov, chosen, picked. (ént,
and Aexrds, verbal adj. of A€yw, J
choose.)

émt-pedéopar, I take charge of, look
after ; fut. -eAnoopat.

€mt-pedns, -€s, careful,
Comp. -é€aT«pos.

emt-pévw, I remain, wait; fut. -peva.

€-mrLov, 2 aor. of rivw,

émt-opkéw, I swear falsely, perjure
myself; fut. -opxnow.

émt-opkta, -as, f. a false oath, perjury.
(Spkos, an oath, émt, over (beyond)
the truth.)

ém-mintw, I fall upon, attack (with
dat.) ; 2 aor. é-€meaov.

étri-trovos, -ov, laborious, troublesome,
portending trouble, (ént, and mévos,
labour.)

ém-ppittw, I throw upon; 1 aor.
ém-€ppupa.

émt-oitifopat, I procure provisions ;
I aor, ém-eo.Tioapnv. (atTos, corn.)

emt-oTrdw, I drag or pull after; fut.
-OnNGTO,

énlorapar, J know, understand; im-
perf. #maorTapny.

ém-oratéw, I stand over, have com-
mand over, (émorarns, one who
is set over.)

émt-oTéAa, I send to, send tidings to;
command ; fut. -0T€A@, 1 aor, én
éoreiAa,

émoroAn, -7s, f. a letter, injunction.
(ém-oT€AAw.)

émtySetos, -a, -ov, suitable, necessary.
7a émrndea, provisions, lit. the
necessaries (of life).

émt-rlOnpu, (Act.) J put on, (Mid.) J
set upon, attack; (ém-xeipat is used
for the passive) ; fut. -Ojow.

anxious,

VOCABULARY,

ému-tpérw, T entrust to, command,
permit; 1 aor. én-érpeya.

émt-patvopat, I appear (near the
spot), make my appearance; fut.
~pavovpat,

ém-xetpéw, I put my hand to, attempt;
(émt, and yelp, a hand); fut. -jow.

émt-xetpifw, the same as émyxempéw ;
fut. -xepiow.

émt-xéw, I pour on or in,

é-mAevoa, I aor. of mAéw.

€-mAHYHY, 2 aor. pass, of mANTTH.

€-toAgpouv, imperf. of moAcuéew.

éropat, I follow, pursue; fut. epouar,
imperf, eimdpnv, 2 aor. éomdpny.
é-mévouv, imperf. of movéw.

émrd, seven, (Lat. septem.)

Emtakdctot, -ar, -a, seven hundred.

*Envata, -ns, f. Epyaxa, queen of
Cilicia, wife of Syennésis (I. 64).

€-Tv05pyv, 2 aor. of muvOdvopa.

épyalopar, I work, do; fut. épyacopat,
perf. eipyacpat. (épyov, work.)

€pyov, -ov, n. work, action. épyy,
in deed, in fact.

épeiv, fut. inf. with pres. pnpi.

épnpta, -as, f. a desert, solitude. (€pn-
pos, lonely.)

Epypos, -ov, and -n, -ov, lonely,
desolate (with gen.); [hence Eng.
‘eremite,’ or ‘ hermit.’]

Eppyvevs, -éws, m. an interpreter.
(‘Eppijs, Mercury.)

[€popar], I ask (a question); fut.
epyropat, 2 aor. Hpdopnv. (épwrda
is used instead of present.)

éppupa, 1 aor. of pimrw,

Eptpa, -atos, n. a defence, fortification.

épupvds, -f, -dv, fortified, strong.

épxopar, I come, go: fut. ey (Aev-
oopat), perf. €AnAvOa, 2 aor. HAPov.
épwtaw, I ask; fut. -fow, 1 aor.
jpwtnoa. (See €popa:.)
é-ce-coopny, pluperf. pass. of ow.
é-onpnva, I aor. of onpaive.

éaOns, -770s, f. dress, (€vvupu, I put
on). (Lat. vestis.)

taPiw, I eat; fut. dona, perf. é57-
5oxa, 2 aor. payor.

199

é-olywv, imperf. of cvydo.

é-crmtreyv, imperf. of giwmdw.

é-oxevaopar, perf. pass. of oxevacw.

é-cKdTrovy, imperf, ‘of oxoréw.

évopat, fut, of celui. (Lat. sum.)

eondpny, 2 aor. pass, of omei po.

é-orrappat, perf. pass. of omeipw.

é-omraioa, I aor. act. of omdw.

é-omdaoOnyv, I aor. pass, of onde.

é-o7etpa, I aor. act. of omeipw.

€-omretoa, I aor. act. of omevdw.

éotrépa, -as, f, evening. (mpos éoTre
pay, towards the west.)

é-crd0nyv, I aor. pass. of tary.

éoracav, 3 pl. pluperf. of tornpe (in-
trans.).

éore, (conj.) until.
as.)

€-oretAa, I aor, act. of o7éAAw.

éornka, perf. act. of tornus.
intrans. I stand.)

é-oTny, 2 aor. act. of torn (intrans.).

é-ornoa, I aor. act. of iornm
(trans,).

é-ortypar, perf. pass. of orifw.

é-oTpapnv, 2 aor. pass. of oT pear.

ێ-orpeipa, I aor. act. of orpepu.

€oTw, 3 sing. pres. imperat. of eipi.

éotws, perf. participle of tornm.

é-opayny, 2 aor. pass. of cpacar.

é-oevdovav, imperf. of opevdovaw.

éoxaros, -ov, last, extreme.

&-oXOpMV, 2 aor, mid, of éxw.

é.oxov, 2 aor. act. of éxw.

ێ-cwOqv, I aor. pass. of ow lw.

étatpos, -ov, m. a companion, com-
rade,

€-Tapov, 2 aor. act. of Tépuve.

é-rdyxOnyv, I aor. pass. of raT Ta,

é-retva, I aor. act. of reive.

*Ereévixos, -ov, m. Ezeonicus, a Lace-
daemonian general at 5 cen
(VIII. 30).

ErEpos, -a, -ov, the other, one of two,

é-re-ryKketv, pluperf. act. of THKw.

én, (adv.) still, any longer. (ovxén,
no longer.)

é-rpHOnv, I aor. pass. of Téuvw.

étoipos, -, -ov, ready, prepared.

(€o7’ dy, so long

(Perf.

200

éroipus, readily (adv, of éroipos),

€ros, -ous, n. a year. (€xaoTovu érovs,
every year.)

é-rpatrov, 2 aor. act. of rpémw.

€-rpwOny, I aor. pass. of TiTpwoKw.

€-Tpwoa, I aor. act. of TiTpwoKw,

€-rTuXov, 2 aor. act. of Tuyxave,

#0, (adv.) well, prosperously.

ev-5aipwv, -ov, happy, prosperous,
wealthy. (ev, well, and daipor,
Sate.)

ev-5la, -as, f. fair-weather, a calm.

ev-epyecta, -as, f. good service, kind-
ness.

ev-epyérns, -ov, m. a benefactor.

eU-fwvos, -ov, well girded; hence
active. (ed, well, and (avn, a

Hibs .)

eW0éws, directly, immediately (adv. of
ev6Us).

evOUs, (adj. used as adv.) straightway,
immediately.

eU-KAeta, -as, f. good fame, glory.
(ed, well, and KAéos, glory.)

EvxAciSns, -ov, m. Euclides, a seer
from Phlius, in the north of Pelopon-
nesus (VIII. 485).

eU-voua, -as, f. good-t will, kindness.

€U-voos, -ov, contr. ev-vous, kind, well-

disposed. (ev, well, and vois,
mind.)
ev-Eewvos, -ov, hospitable; Tévros

Evfevos, the Euxine or Black Sea.
ev -meT Gs, (adv.) easily.

e-trcepos, -ov, easy to pass.

ciploxe, I find, discover; 2 aor.
eipov, fut. evphow, perf. evpnxa,
pass. eUpnpat, 1 aor. pass. eipéOnv.

etpos, -ous, n. width, breadth, (evpis,
broad.)

EvpvAoxos, -ov, m. Eurylichus, a
hoplite from Lusi, a town in Ar-
cadia (IV. 360).

eupus, -€la, -v, wide, broad.

ev-raxtos, -ov, well arranged, in good
order, (ev, well, and rarrw, I ar-
range.)

ev-ragia, -as, f. good order, discipline.

e§-roApos, -ov, daring, courageous.

VOCABULARY,

Evdparns, -ov, m. the river Euphraves,
The Eastern and Western branches
join in Armenia; it then flows
west of the Tigris, passes through
Babylon, and joins the Tigris before
it falls into the Persian Gulf.

eUXopat, I pray, vow; fut. evfopuat.

ev-Ovupos, -ov, lit. ‘of good name,’
lucky, the left ; especially TO ev@Vu-
pov [xépas], the left wing of an
army. (€v, dvoua, of good name;
really an euphemism for the un-
lucky side, i.e. the left, which it was
unlucky to mention.)

€-&yov, 2 aor. with pres. éoOio.

é-avny, 2 aor. pass, of paiva.

€-érropar, I pursue; fut. ép-ePopar,
imperf, ép-ermdpnv.

"Edecos, -ov, f. Ephesus in Lydia, on
the west coast of Asia Minor.

€-pyy, 2 aor. of pnyul.

Po dN lit I aor. mid. of patves,

€-0. eyEdpny, I aor. of pOéyyouat.

€0bs, -77, -dv, boiled (verbal adj. of
épw, I boil).

€p-iormpt, (trans.) I make to stop; set
over; fut. ém-ornjow; (intrans.) J
stand by, halt; 2 aor. én-€ornv.

€-d8tov, -ou, n. travelling expenses or
supplies. (émt, and 650s, a road).

€-080s, -ou, f. an approach.

€-opos, -ov, m. an overseer; of "Eqo-
pot, the Ephors, or Council of Five at
_ Sparta. (ép-opdw, I oversee.)

od fa 2 aor. of pevyw.
roa -4, -dv, hostile ;
(Ex80s, hatred.)

&Xpiy, imperf. of xpn.

é-xp¥jro, 3 sing. imperf. of xpdopat.

Ex, I have, hold, possess keeps fut.
éfa or oxnow, perf. €oxyKxa, imperf.
elxov, 2 aor. €oxov. Impers, xad@s
éxet, it is well; (Pass.) of dvO@pw-
mot Exovra, the inhabitants are kept
prisoners, (Mid.) I hold on to, so éx6-
pevos, next in order.

é-\pevopat, perf. pass, of Pedder.

é-opaka, perf. act. of dpdov.

é-apwv, imperf. act. of dpac,

an enemy.

Wee AS ~

VOCABULARY,

Zug, acc. fw, f. morning ; mpos w, to-
wards the east,
€ws, (conj.) as long as, until, while.

Z.

Zandtas, -ov, m. the river Zab in
Assyria, flowing from the East into
the Tigris (III. 100).

tdw, I live; fut. (how, imperf. efyy,
infin. Chv.

levynAatéw, I drive a yoke of oxen.
(Cedyos and éAatyw.)

evyvupr, I yoke, join, attach; fut.
Cedgw, perf. Efevrypar, 2 aor. eGdyny.

fedyos, -ous, n. a yoke of oxen. (Lat.
jugum, Eng. yoke.)

Zevs, Ards, m. Zeus (Roman Fupiter),
voc. Zed, acc. Ala,

tnrorés, -7, -dv, enviable. ({nrdw,
IT rival.)

{nprdw, I punish; fut. (nudow.

tiv, pres. infin. of (aw.

tony, pres. opt. of Caw.

tavn, -7s, f. a girdle.
gird on.)

(Cavvups, I

H.

, (conj.) or, than; %).. %, either .. or.

, (adv.) truly, verily.

, 3 sing. subj. of eiui. . (Lat. sum.)

q (adv.) where, properly dat. sing.

” fem. of és, #, 3.

Hyayov, 2 aor. of ayo.

HyyetAa, 1 aor. of dyyéAAw.

Hyepoay, -dvos, m. a leader, guide.

Hyeopar, (1) I lead the way; (2) I
suppose ; fut. Aynoopa. (Lat. duco
has also both meanings. ]

HvepOny, I aor. pass. of dyelpw.

‘Hyqcavipos, -ov, m. Hegesander, a
Greek captain (VII.-71).

Hyvoouv, imperf. of ayvoéw.

Fyov, imperf. of aya.

qoew, I knew; pluperf. of ofa, used
as imperf. ofa having a present
signification.

Hdéws, (adv.) gladly, with pleasure,

Comp. j5:0v ; superl. 75:s7a,

:
}

201

45m, (adv.) now, already, by this time.

HSiK On, 1 aor. pass. of ddinéw,

ndiknka, nSiknpat, perf. act. and
pass. of ddixéw.

jSopat, I am pleased; fut. foOncopa,
I aor. 700nv.

7Sopyy, imperf. of 75dpat.

7Sovn, -fs, f. sweetness, pleasure.

Aduvapny, imperf. of d’vapat.

W5vs, -cta, -v, sweet, pleasant, delicious.
Comp. 7dtav, superl. 7d.07T0s.

tev, 3 pl. qeoav, imperf. of ely.
(Lat. ibo.)

7QeXov, imperf. of €béAw.

79porca, 1 aor. act. of aOpoiw.

ke, may be 3 sing. imperf. of jaw or
I aor. of ins.

Tkov, imperf. of HKw.

qKovrilov, imperf. of dxovrifw.

HKovoa, I aor. of drovw,

kw, I am come, arrive ; used as perf.
of épxopat, fut. gw.

HAGOnY, I aor. pass. of €Aavvw.

FAdpyy, 1 aor. mid. of GAAopat.

HAaca, I aor. act. of €Aavvw.

HAVov, 2 aor. with pres. ێpyopat.

Aros, -a, -ov, foolish, silly.

HAtos, -ov, m. the sun.

TAASpyy, imperf. of GAAopat.

HAoka, jA@Keww, perf. and pluperf. of
aAickopa.

Tpépa, -as, f.a day; aya TH peepa,
at day-break.

T\p€repos, -a, -ov, poss. adj. our.

Tplovos, -ov, m.a mule. (tyu-, half,
and évos, an ass.)

HpimAcOpov, -ov, n. half a plethron,
i.e. 50 feet.

Hptovs, -ea, -v, half.

ny, for éav, if.

“WV, imperf. of eiyi, (Lat. sum.)

vaykaca, I aor. act, of dvayratw.

AvexOny, I aor. pass. with pres. pépw.

jvixa, (conj.) when. ;

yvtoxos, -ov, m. a charioteer, driver
(from jvia, reins and éxw, I hold).

aglow, imperf. of afidw.

Hee, fut. of Fro.

| #methouv, imperf. of dmeAéw.

202

Wmep, (adv.) where, properly dat. sing.
fem. of ds-mep. ;

Wmordpny, imperf. of éicrapat.

y1épouv, imperf. of dmopéw.

‘HpakAera, -as, f. Heraclea, a city in
Bithynia, on the Euxine.

‘HpaxActSns, -ov, m. Heraclides, an
agent of the Thracian prince Seuthes.

‘Hpax)eorns, -ov, m. a Heraclean or
inhabitant of Heraclea.

“Hpakdedtis, -50s, f. (sc. yi), the
district of Heraclea.

“‘Hpakd js, -éous, m. Heracles (Roman
Hercules), son of Zeus and Alc-
mena.

11péOnv, I aor. pass. of alpéw,

WPNBaL, perf. pass. of aipéw.

ypéapny, I aor. mid. of dpyw.

ypopyy, 2 aor, of epopa; (pres.
épwTaw.)

Wptaca, I aor. act. of dpra (a.

Hptacpar, perf. pass. of dpnacw.

Hpxopyy, imperf. (1) of dpxopa ;
(2) of €pxopat.

‘pxov, imperf. of dpyw.

ApoTyea, I aor. of épwrdw.

Hpotwv, imperf. of épwraw.

HoOny, 1 aor. pass. of Hdopat.
j79opyy, 2 aor. of aicdavopa.
ouxia, -as, f. quietness; aye hov-

xiav, to keep quiet.
j7xXUvOnV, I aor. pass. of alayuvw.
ymcapny, I aor. mid. of airéw,

YTMmpyy, imperf. of aitidopac.

qroupny, imperf. mid. of airéw.
\Touv, imperf. of airéw.

dopat, J am less than, i.e. am
conquered; fut. rrHoopa, perf.
HTTHpa. (Array, less.)

Troy, (adv.) less.

HtTwv, -ov, less, inferior, weaker.

nvAicOny, I aor. pass. of avAlcw>

NxX9éaOnv, I aor. pass. of dxPopar,
XO9nv, I aor, pass. of dy.

AxPopyy, imperf. of dyPopas.

VOCABULARY.

0.

OaAarra, -ns, f. the sea.

Oavaros, -ov, m. death.

Oavatéw, I condemn to death; fut.
OavaTwow.

Pavotpar, fut. of Ovnokw.

OQattw, I bury; fut. Oayw, 2 aor,
pass. €rapny,

Oappadécs, -a, -ov, bold. (@appos,
courage.) Comp. -wrepos.

Oappadéws, (adv.) boldly.

Oappéw, I am of good courage.

Oappos, -ous, n. boldness, courage.

Bapovvw, I make bold, encourage;
I aor, €0apouva.

QGtrov, comp. of rTayéws,
quickly,

Oavpatw, I wonder, marvel; fut.
Oavpdow, perf. TeOadpina. (Satya,
wonder.)

Géa, -as, f. a view, a sight.

Qed, -as, f. a goddess.

Oéapa, -aros, n. a sight, spectacle.
(Oedopa, I see.)

Qcivar, Gels, 2 aor. act. infin, and part.
of riOnm.

QeAw, I wish; fut. OeAfow.

Oépevos, 2 aor. mid. part. of riOnpu.

Qcds, -ov, m. a god; ov Tois Geis,
with the gods’ help.

Oeppacia, -as, f. warmth. (O¢pw, I
warm.)

Oeppés, -7, -dv, warm.

Ocppodav, -ovros, m. the Thermodon,
a river of Pontus, flowing into the
Euxine Sea (VI. 140). It still keeps
its Mame as Thirmah Sn.

OéoGar, 2 aor. mid. infin. of 7iOnw.

Oertadés, -7, -dv, Thessalian, or
inhabitant of Thessaly in Northern
Greece,

Qéw, J run; fut. Oedcopat.

Vewpéw, I view, inspect, review (troops),
fut. -joo.

Onpetdw, I hunt, chase. (O}p, a wild
beast.)

Onpiov, -ov, n. a wild beast, (Gip,
Lat. fera,

more

VOCABULARY.

Oyow, fut. of rlOnut.

Onxys, -ov, m. Theches, a mountain
near Trapezus, whence the Greeks
got their first sight of the sea (V.
283).

OiBpwv, -wvos, m. Thibron, a Spartan
commander, sent out to oppose
Tissaphernes (VIII. 543).

OvycKw, I die; fut. Cavodpa, perf.
TéOvnka, 2 aor. €Bavor,

OdpuBos, -ov, m. noise, confusion,
tumult.

Opdxn, -ns, f. Thrace, now forming the
eastern half of the Turkish province
Rumelia, and containing the capital
Constantinople. Also a district of
Bithynia in Asia Minor. (rpaxds,
rough.)

Opdxtos, -a, -ov, Thracian, or be-
longing to Thrace.

Opa@é, -axds, m. a Thracian.

Opacéws, (adv.) boldly,

Opacts, -cia, -v, bold, venturesome.

Ovyarnp, -7pos, f. a daughter.

Ovvot, -dv, m. the Thynt, a people in
Thrace; they colonised Bithynia
(VIII. 138).

OUpa, -as, f.a door. (Lat. fores.)

OuUpetpa, -wv, (neut. plur.) doors,

Quota, -as, f. a sacrifice.

@vw, I sacrifice; (Mid.) I sacrifice
Sor myself, i.e. take the auspices ; fut.
Ovow, perf. rébdKa.

Qopak, -dxos, m. a breastplate, cors-
let, cuirass,

Oapak, dos, m. Thorax, a Boeotian
general, jealous of Xenophon (VI.
159).

L

iSetv, 2 aor. infin, of efdov, pres. dpdw.

idia, (adv.) privately, on one’s own
account (dat. fem. of ié:os),

iSvos, -a, -ov, private, one’s own.

iS.@Tys, -ov, m. a private person.

iSoupt, iSav, 2 aor. act. opt. and part.
of ciSov, pres. épdw.

iguny, imperf. mid. of inp.

iévat, pres. infin. of ely. (Lat. ibo.)

203

tepetov, -ov, n. a victim,

tepds, -4, -dv, holy, sacred: ra tepa
Kaha iv, the sacred “(entrails) were
Javourable, i. e. the sacrifice showed
good omens.

impr, (Act.) I throw, shoot, send;
(Mid.) I rush, fut. fow, 1 aor. HKa,
perf. efxa.

it, pres. imperat. of eu. (Lat. ibo )

ixavés, -7, -dv, fit, suitable, sufficient,
able; comp. -wrepos, superl. -wratos.

ixav@s, (adv.) sufficiently.

ixerevw, I supplicate, entreat; fut.
-evow. (ixérns, a suppliant.)

ipds, -dvros, m. a strap, thong.

ipatrov, -ov, n. a cloak.

wa, (1) (adv.) where; (2) (conj.)
in order that.

tmmapxos, -ov, m. @ commander of
cavalry, (immos, and dpxw, I rule.)

immevs, -éws, m. @ horseman; pl.
immets, cavalry.

immukés, -7, -dv, belonging to a horse;
70 inmxov, the cavalry; Owpag inm-
kos, a cavalry breastplate.

trmos, -ov, m, a horse; ép’ immou, on
horseback.

icact, 3 pl. from ofda.

io@t, imperat. of ofa.

‘IoOp14s, -0d, m. the Isthmus of Corinth,
joiniug the Peloponnesus to Nor-
thern Greece (Ill. 185).

iopev, I pl. from ofda,

iod-meupos, -ov, equal-sided. (iaos,
and mAeupa, a side.)

igos, -, -ov, equal; els 7d tcov, to
an. equality; é€ ioov, on equal
terms.

Tooot, -dv, m. Issi, or Issus, a town
in Cilicia, in the N. E. corner of the
Levant (I. 158). Seventy years
afterwards it became famous for
Alexander’s victory over the Persians,
B.C, 333-

iore, 2 pl. from ofSa, or imperat.
from fo@.

tornpt, (trans.) I make to stand, stop,
set up; fut. orhow, 1 aor. €ornoa:
(intrans.) I stand, halt; perf. go-

204

tka, (part. éords,) 2 aor. éorny,
I aor. pass. éo7dOny,

loriov, ov, n, a sail,

ioxtpds, -4 , -OV, strong.

ioxupas, (adv. ) strongly; hence very,
exceedingly.

ioxw, (a form of ێxw,) I stop,
hinder.

tows, (adv.) perhaps, (lit. equally.)

itéov, verb. adj. from ely, one must

0.

eae -vos, f. the rim of a shield.

itwoav, 3 pl. imperat. of ey. (Lat.
tbo.)

ixviov, -ov, n. a trace, track. (ixvos,
a track.)

iw, idv, pres. subj. and part. of ey.
(Lat. tbo.)

K.

xa0-eLopar, J sit down, rest, halt;
impf. é«a0-eCopunv.

xaQ-eis, 2 aor. part. of xad-inut.

xa0-€X\kw, J draw down; fut. -€Afa.
impf. «a0-etAKcov.

xaQ-ev5w, J sleep; imperf. éxaBevdov.

xa0-nKw, J reach down; 10 xa0-jKov,
the part reaching down.

xa0-ynpat, J sit down, encamp.

xa0-inpt, I send down, let fall; fut.
-noo, impf. -inv. eis mpoBoAnyv 7a
dépara Kad-cevTes, couching their
spears, lit. ‘letting down their spears
for attack.’

xaO-iornpt, (trans.) I set in order,
setile, appoint; fut.Kata-oTyo@; (in-
trans.) Jam placed: perf. xa0-éoTn-
ka, 2 aor. KaT-éoTnV.

xa0-opdw, I look down upon, behold ;
fut. kar-dpopa:, 2 aor, Kat-etdov.

kal, (conj.) (1) and; (2) also, even;
wai... kal, both... and.

Riatxos, -ov, m. the Caicus, a river in
Mysia, flowing by Pergamus (VIII.
532)

Katvat, -@v, f. Caenae, a town in
Mesopotamia on the Tigris (III.
98); perhaps the ancient Assyrian
Calah, mentioned in Genesis, x, 11.

VOCABULARY,

xalwep, although, (with participle.)

Kalpos, -0v, m. @ fit time, season,
opportunity.

Kaitot, and yet.

katw, I burn, kindle; fut. xavow, 1
aor. €xavoa, perf. pass. Kexavpat.

kakious, nom. pl. of «axiwy, contr.
for kaxtoves,

Kakds, -7), -0v, bad, wicked, cowardly ;
comp. Kaxiow, superl, «axtoTos:
n. pl. xaxd, evils, misfortunes.

kakoupyéw, J do evil; with acc. I in-
jure; fut. -jow. (Kaxdv, Epyov.)

kaAapos, -ov, m.areed, (Lat. cala-
mus.)

Kkadéw, I call, summon, invite; fut.
-€ow, perf. «éxAnKa, perf. pass.
KéxAnpat.

KaAXipaxos, -ov, m. Callimachus, an
Arcadian captain (V. 258).

kahds, -77, -6v, beautiful, fair, noble,
good; comp. KaAAiwv, superl. KaA-
A:oTos. }

KaA@s, (adv.) fairly, nobly, well.
Kad@s éxev, to be well (lit. ‘ina
good condition’); superl. «daA-
Avota.

KaArn, -7s, f. Calpé, a river and town
in Bithynia: its ruins are marked
by two harbours called Kerpeh.

KaAxndovia, -as, f. Calchedonia, the
district round Calchedon.

Kadxndav, -dvos, f. Calchédon, a
town in Bithynia.

kapvw, IJ labour, am weary, am sick;
fut. capodpat, perf. xéxpnea, 2 aor.
éxapov. Oi kapvortes, the sick.

KaTrvds, -ov, m. smoke.

KapBartivat, -@y, f. pl. shoes (of un-
dressed leather), brogues,

KapSovxor, m. the Carduchians, a
hill tribe in Armenia, now the
Kurds, or Kurdistan.

Kaprata, -as, f. the Carpaian, a mimic
dance among the Thessalians.

Kaptrés, -ov, m. fruit.

kdpvov, -ov, a nut, chestnut,

Kara, prep. with gen, and acc. (root

meaning down). L. with gen. i.

VOCABULARY.

down from, down in: ii. down upon,
against, Il. with acc. i. of place,
down along, along, among, about ;
Kata yiv kat kata @ddarTay, by
land and sea: ii. of time, as Kata
ToUTov Tov xpbvor, at this time: iii.
(especially) according to, as regards;
kata Kpatos, by force or at full
speed (see dvd xparos), kata Adxous,
by companies. In Composition, dowz,
downright or utterly, against. Be-
fore an aspirated vowel xara becomes
KaQ’, as Kad” Apyépay, daily.
kata-Baivw, I come down, descend,
go down to the sea; fut. -Bhoopat,
2 aor. KaTéBnv.
kat-ayyé\Aw, I denounce, disclose ;
fut. -ayyer@, -nyyerAa.
kaTda-yelos, -ov, underground, subter-
ranean, (Kata, beneath, and yj, the
earth.)
kaT-GyvUpt, I break ; fut. -dgw, 2 perf.
-€aya.
Kat-dyo, I bring down, bring home,
restore; fut. -afw.
Kxata-Siakw, J pursue close; fut. -diw-
£0.
kata-Svw, (intrans. and Mid.) J sink
down; perf. -8€uxa, 2 aor. kar-ébur :
»(trans.) in fut, cata-Svow, and I aor.
xat-€d5voa, I cause to sink, sink.
xata-Qedopar, I look down upon,
watch, observe; fut. -Oedcopat.
Kkata-Qéw, J run down; fut. -Oevoopas.
kata-Katw, J burn down; fut. -kavow.
kata-Keapat, I lie down; fut. -Keico-
pat.
kata-Khetw, I shut in, enclose; fut.
-trElow.
kata-KomTw, I cut down, cut up; fut.
-KoWo,
Kara-ktdopat, I get or gain for my-
self; fut. -«Thoopat.
Kkata-Ktetvw, J kill; fut.-«rev@, 1 aor.
Kar-ExTEIVA, 2 aOr. -EXTAVOV.
Kata-kwAtw, I keep back; fut, -kwAd-
ow. (Kwrto, I prevent.)
kata-AapBavw, I seize upon, catch,
overtake, find; fut. -Ampopat, perf.

205

xat-eiAnda, I aor. pass. kaT-eANPOny,
2 aor. kuT-€AaBor.

kata-Acitrw, I leave behind; fut.
-Aclyo, 2 aor. Kar-€AuTrOV.

kata-pévw, I stay behind; fut. -peva,
I aor, KaT-€pe.va.

Kata-tynddw, I leap down; fut.
‘175 oo.

Kkata-nintw, I fall down; fut, -me-
covpat, perf, -wémTwxka, 2 aor. Kar-
émecov.

xata-pplirtw, I hurl down, throw
down, scatter; 1 aor, kat-éppupa.

kata-okevdlw, I prepare, furnish; fut.
-oxevdow, Kata, downright.)

kata-oKnvéw, -dw, or -dw, I pitch my
tent, encamp. (kata, down on the
ground, and oxnvn, tent.)

kata-opalw, J kill, slaughter, 2 aor.
pass. Kar-eopayny.

kata-oxilw, I cleave asunder, burst
open (ras mUAas); fut. -cxiow.

kata-TlOnp, I lay down, establish,
deposit; fut. -@jow, I aor. KaT-
€Onka.

Kata-tpéxw, I run down; fut.
-Spapodua, 2 aor. KaT-€5papov.
Kata-payetv, 2 aor. infin. with pres.

KaTa-Tpexo,

Kata-paivw, (Act.) I show, exhibit ;
(Mid.) I appear; fut. -pava,

kat-éata, © aor. of KaT-dyvupe.

kat-etSov, 2 aor. with pres. xaé-
opde,

Kat-ecOiw, I eat up, devour; fut.
wat-€50pat, 2 aor. -€payov.

kat-éyw, I hold, maintain; reach,
compel; fut. waO-éfw and xkara-
oXhow, 2 aor. Kat-€oxov. (Kata =
downright.)

Kat-nyopéw, I speak against, accuse
(with gen.); fut. -yyophow.

Kat-npepife, I calm, appease; 1 aor.
~npésoa.

xat-ctx(lw, I found (a city); fut.
-oriow, 1 aor. -yxioa.

Kat-opitrea, I bury; fut. -opvgm, perf.
-opwpuxa, perf. pass. -opwpuypat.

Kdto, (adv.) down, downwards, below,

206 VOCABULARY,
katdpa, -dros,.n. heat. (xalw, I | Kihtooa, -ns, f. a Cilician woman; }
burn.) KiAiooa, the Cilician Queen, Epy-

Kavotpos, -ov, fit for burning, com-
bustible.

Kaduotpos, -ov, m. Cayster, a river ir
the little known interior of Phrygia:
not to be confounded with the
well-known Cajyster, which flows
into the sea at Ephesus.

Katotpov médiov, the plain of Cay-
ster, an important town in the
interior of Phrygia: not to be con-
founded with the Cayster-plains near
Ephesus. The northern road from
Byzantium, and the western from
Sardis, joined here on the route to
Iconium and Syria (I. 63).

Kelpat, J lie; fut. xeloopat, Used as
pass. of riOnju, =I am placed.

Kedawval, -dv, f. Celaenae, a town in
Phrygia, east of Colossae (I. 53).

keevw, I order, bid, command; fut.
xeAeUVow, I aor, éxéA€voa,

Kevés, -7), -dv, empty, void.

Kevrptrys, -ov, m. the Centrites, an
eastern tributary of the Tigris di-
viding Armenia from the country
of the Carduchi (IV. 370).

Kepapav ’Ayopa, -as, f. Ceramorum
Agora, a town on the frontiers of
Mysia (I. 63).

képas, xépws («épiros), n. a horn;
the wing of an army. én képas
ayev, to lead in column; lit. ‘to
lead towards the wing,’ f.e. all
facing to the right (or left), instead
of marching with a broad front.

Kepacois, -ovvros, f, Cerasus, a town
in Pontus (VI. 92).

Kepad-adyys, -és, causing headache,
(xepadh, head, and Gd-yos, pain.)

Kepadn, js, f. the head.

KySopat, J care for (with gen.).

Knptov, -ov, n, a honey-comb.

Kipvé, txos, m. a herald. ‘

Knpitrw, I proclaim, announce ; fut.
«npvém, perf. pass. Kexnpuypyat.

Kuttkia, -as, f. Cilicia, the S. E,
comer of Asia Minor,

axa (1. 67).

kivSuvevo, I incur danger, run a risk;
=there is a risk that I... (with
infin; fut. «vdvvedow. (xlvduvos,
danger.)

kly8ivos, -ov, m. danger, risk.

kivéw, J move; fut. cvjow.

Kiéav8pos, -ov, m. Cleander, a Lace-
daemonian ‘ harmost’ or governor in
Byzantium,

KAedvwp, -opos, m. Cleanor, an Arca-
dian general (IV. 66).

KAéapxos, -ov, m. Clearchus, chief of
the Greek generals in Cyrus’ army:
a Spartan commander in the Pelo-
ponnesian war, afterwards condemn-
ed to death for disobedience. He
joined Cyrus, and was killed by
treachery of Tissaphernes,

KAeipov, -ov, n. a bolt, bar.
I shut.)

«relw, I shut; fut. xdrelow, perf.
wéxdeuka, perf, pass. KéxAeruar and
KekA CLO PAL.

kAértw, I steal; fut. «repo, perf.
Kéxdopa, perf. pass. eéxAeppat.

kAtpag, -dixos, f. a ladder.

kXomn, -7s, f. theft, (xXém7w.) ‘

kvépas, -aos, and -ovs, n. darkness,
twilight. (Cp. vépos, a cloud.)

kvynpts, -I5os, f., in pl. leg armour,
greaves. (kvijun, the shin-bone.)

Kotdos, -7, -ov, hollow.

kotpdw, (Act.) J put to sleep; (Mid.)
I fall asleep; fut. korpnow.

cowéds, 1), -dv, common. 7d Kowwdv,
the community: dad Kowod, at the
public cost.

Kolvwvos, -o0, m, a sharer, partner.
(xowvds, common.)

Kohdlw, I punish; fut. oddow, pert.
pass. xexdAacpai,

Kodoocai, -ay, f. Colossae, a town
in Phrygia (I. 50).

Kodxis, -fdos, f. Colchis, a country at
the eastern extremity of the Black
Sea,

(«relon,

VOCABULARY.

KéXxot, -ov, m. the Colchians or the
people of Colchis.

kKoAWvOs, -ov, m. a mound,

Kopilw, (Act.) I fetch, bring ; (Mid.)
I return; 1 aor. éxdpioa.

Koudtés, -7, -dv, plastered. (novia,
lime-dust.)

Kovioptés, -ov, m. a cloud of dust.
(xévts, dust, and Gpvupu, I raise.)

KOéTrpos, -ov, m. dung.

Kémtw, I cut down, knock; fut. néyo.

KoptiXas, -a, m. Corylas, ruler of
Paphlagonia, and aiming at inde-
pendence from Persia (VI. 323).

Kopuon, -7js, f. top, summit.

Kooptos, -ov, orderly, under good
discipline.

Kottwpa, -wv, n. Colyora, a town
in Pontus,

Koos, -7, -ov, light, nimble.

Kotus, (adv.) lightly, nimbly.

Kpdvos, -ous, n. a helmet.

Kpitéw, (with gen.) Z rule, conquer,
get possession of, (with acc.) hold,
keep; fut. xparnow. (patos,
strength.)

KparHp, -fjpos, m. a goblet, (Kepdv-
vupu, I mix.)

Kpatiota, adv. of xparioros, most
bravely, best.

Kpdtiotos, -7, -ov, strongest, best,
noblest; used as superl, of dyads.
Kp&Tos, -ovs, n. strength; kara kpatos,
dvd xparos, with all one’s might,

i.e. at full speed.

Kpavyy, -7s, f. a shout, (xpddw, I
shout.)

Kpéas, Gros, n. flesh, meat. Generally
in pl. 7a Kpéa.

Kpeitrwv, -ov, stronger, better, supe-
rior; from xpatvs, but used as
compar. of dya@és.

Kpépapar, J hang (used as Mid. of
Kpepavvupn) ; fut. epeunoopuat,

Kpyvn, -7s, f. a fountain, spring.

Kp.On, -7js, f. barley (often in pl.).

xplOivos, -7, -ov, made of barley,
olvos KpiO.vos, lit. ‘barley wine,’ i. e.
beer or whisky. ®

207

kptvw, I judge, distinguish, consider ;
fut. «piv, perf. xéxptxa, perf. pass.
Kéxpipat, I aor, pass. éxpidnv.

Kplows, -ews, f. a trial, (xpivw, I
judge.)

KpéTos, -ov, m. a noise (produced by
striking), clapping of hands.

Kpovw, I strike, clash; fut. xpotow.

Kpttrw, I hide, conceal; fut. kpviyvw,
perf. «éxpipa, perf. pass. eéxpuppar,
I aor. pass. éxpupOnv.

Krdopar, I acquire, gain, possess; fut.
KTHoopa, perf. KexTnuaL.

ktetvw, I kill, slay, put to death; fut.
KTev@, 1 aor. éxrewa. For the
passive O6ynoxw, I die, is used.

KTijvos, -ous, n. property; (plural)
cattle, beasts of burden, (kTdopat,
I acquire.)

KTHoopat, fut. of x7dopat.

kuBepvirys, -ov, m. a steersman, pilot,
(Lat. gubernator.)

Kvulucnvés, -7, -dv, of or from Cyzicus,
a town in the Propontis.

Kvuftxnvds, sc. orarnp, a Cyzicene, or
gold coin of Cyzicus, worth about a
Napoleon, 16s.

Kulios, -ov, f. Cyzicus, a peninsula
and town on the Propontis or Sea of
Marmora.

KUK)OS, -ov, m. a circle, ring; KUKrY,
all round, lit. in a circle.

kukAdw, I encircle, surround; fut.
KUKAwOO).

KuAwdSéw, I roll.

Kuvickos, -ov, m. Cyniseus, a Spartan
governor in the Chersonese.

K®pos, -ov, m. Cyrus the younger, the
second of the two sons of Darius
Nothus; killed at Cunaxa, B.c. 401,
(Cyrus the Great founded the Persian
monarchy, took Babylon, and re-
leased the Jews, 538 B.c.)

kOwv, xuvdés, m, and f. a dog. (Lat.
canis, Eng. hound.)

Kwrdtw, I hinder,
Kwrvow.

kopn, -7s, f. a village.

prevent; fut

208

A.

AaPetv, AaBdv, 2 aor. infin. and part.
of AapBavw.

Aayxdvw, I obtain by lot, obtain, get ;
fit. Anfopat, perf. evAnya, perf. pass.
etAnypat, 2 aor. €Aaxov.

Ad@pa, secretly, (with gen.) without
the knowledge of.

AaeSatpdvios, -a, -ov, Lacedaemo-
nian, or inhabitant of Lacedaemon
or Sparta, in Peloponnesus. The
nobles were called Spartans. All
Spartans were Lacedaemonians, but
all Lacedaemonians were not Spar-
tans.

Aakkos, -ov, m. a hole, pit.
lacus.)

Adkwv, -wvos,m. a Laconian, a free
citizen of the country near Sparta.
AapBdve, J take, seize, receive, (with
gen. take hold of): fut. AnYopa,
perf. eiAnga, perf. pass. eiAnupat,

2 aor. éAaBor.

Aapmrpétys, -nTos, f. brightness,
splendour (Aaprpos, bright).

Adptrw, J shine, gleam; fut. Adpyw.

Aapipaxnvds, -ov, m. a Lampsacene,
or inhabitant of Lampsacus.

Adpipaxos, -ov, f. Lampsacus, a town
in the north of Mysia on the
Hellespont, now Lamsaki, nearly
opposite Gallipoli (VIII. 485).

AavOdvw, (Act.) I lie hid, escape
notice, (with acc.) escape notice of,
hence with part. (I do a thing)
unawares; (Mid.) I forget; fut.
Anow, perf. AéAnOa, perf. pass.
AéAnopat, 2 aor. €Aadov.

Aaxav, 2 aor. part. of Aayxdavw.

A€yo, I say, speak; fut. A€fw, 1 aor,
éAefa, perf. pass. AéAeypau.

Aefa, -as, f. booty, spoil.

Aeltrw, I leave, forsake, abandon; fut.
Acipo, perf. A€Aourwa, 2 aor. €Actroy.

AeAclipopat, paulo-post fut. of Alma,

A€doutra, perf. of Aciw.

hevico-OdpaE, -dxos, m: and f. wearing
a white breastplate.

(Lat.

VOCABULARY.

Aeuxds, -17, -dv, white.

Any, J cease, leave off; fut. Angw.

Anifopar, I plunder, ravage. (Acia,
plunder.)

Antréos, -a, -ov, must be taken, verbal
adj. of AapBavw.

Anorys, -ov, m. a robber.
plunder.) .

Ajo, fut. of AavOavw.

AjWopat, fut. of AapBave.

AiBos, -ov, m. a stone.

Atpty, -évos, m. a harbour, haven.

Atpos, -ov, m. hunger, famine.

ASyos, -ov, m. a word, speech, report;
in pl. a conference. (Aéyw, I speak.)

Asyx7, -78, f. a spear-head, lance.

Aovdopéw, I rail at, abuse; fut. Aor-
Sopncw.

Aoutos, -7, -dv, remaining, left; 1d
Aoundv, (1) (subst.) the remaining
part, (2) (adv.) henceforward; of
Aorrol, the rest. (Lat. reliqui.)

Addos, -ov, m. a hill, eminence.

Aoxayds, -od, a captain. (Adxos, a
company, and yyéopat, I lead.)

dOxos, -ov, Mm. a company (generally
of a hundred men),

Av8ia, -as, f. Lydia, in Asia Minor.

Avxvos, -ov, m. Lycius, an Athenian
cavalry officer (IV. 152).

Advxwv, -wvos, m. Lycon, an Achaean;
one of the deputies sent to Heraclea
(VII. 43).

Auréw, I grieve, pain, distress. (Avwn,
grief)

Autry, -s, f. grief, sorrow.

Avw, I loose, release, (of oaths and
treaties) J break; (Mid.) I redeem,
ransom; fut. Avow, perf. A€AT«a,
perf. pass, A€Adyar, 1 aor, pass,
€AUOnY.

(Acia,

M.

MatavSpos, -ov, m. the Maeander, a
river between Lydia and Caria (I.
47):

patvopar, J am mad; perf. péunva
(with pres, meaning), 2 aor. pass,
éuavny.

VOCABULARY.

Matoddys, -ov, m. Maesades, king of
Thrace, father of Seuthes (VIII.
137).

Maxiotwos, -ov, m. a Macistian, or
inhabitant of Macistus, a town of
Elis in the N. W. of Peloponnesus.

pakpos, -d, -dv, long, great, large ;
comp. paxpdtepos, superl. paxpd-
tatos (also pacowy, pnk.oTos),

pakpotepov, comp. adv. further.

Madxpoves, -ov, m. the Macrones, a
tribe of Pontus, bordering on the
Euxine.

pada, much, very; comp. pa&ddov,
more, superl. padvora, most, especi-
ally. With numerals, at most, i. e.
about,

pavOavw, I learn, understand; fut.
pabjcopo, perf. weudOnka, 2 aor.
épador.

pavteia, -as, f. a prediction, oracle.

Mavrivets, -@v, m. Mantineans,
natives of Mantinéa, in Arcadia.

pavris, -ews, m. @ prophet, sooth-
sayer.

pdpovtros, -ov, m. a bag.

paptupéw, I am a witness, testify.
(paptus, a witness.) (Eng. martyr. ]

Mapovetrys, -ov, m. a Maronean, or
native of Maronéa, in Thrace.

paotiyéw, I scourge, flog; fut. pag-
Tiyhoo, (udong, a scourge.)

pdaxatpa, -as, f. scimetar, sabre.

HaXn, -ns, f. a fight, battle.

paxopar, I fight (with dat.); fut.
paxovpat, perf. pepdxnpar.

peyado-mpets, magnificently; comp.
-éoTepov, superl. -€otara. (Adv.
of peyado-npens, from péyas,
great,-and mpéme, it is conspicu-
ous.)

Meyapets, -éws, m. a Megarean, or
native of Megara on the Isthmus,
north of Corinth.

péeyas, HEyaAn, péya, great, large,
important, (of sound) loud; comp.
peiCwv, superl, péyioTos.

peOiw, Tam drunk; fat. -vow. (péOu,
pure wine, Lat, merum.)

or

P

209

peifwv, comparative of péyas (for
peyjorv).

perAtxLos, -a, -ov, mild, gracious, a
title of Zeus.

petvat, I aor. infin. of pévw.

pelwv, -wv, -ov, smaller, less, inferior.
(Comp. of puxpéds.)

MeAavétrar, m. the Melanditae, or
inhabitants of Melandia in Thrace,
N. W. of Byzantium,

péAas, péAava, pédav, black; comp.
pedavrepos, superl. weAavTaros.

péAet, (impers.) it concerns, is a care to,
(with dat.) as péAet pot, it is a care
to me, i. e. I care; fut. HeAjoe.

pederda, I practise; fut. pereTnow.
peAtvn, -7s, f. millet, a kind of corn
smaller than maize.

pAXw, I am about to do, intend,
delay; fut. wedAAhow: 7d péAdor,
the future.

Béepvnpan, I remember ; perf. pass. of
PepYT TKO, in middle sense, fut.
HEY TopaL.

péy, lit. in the first place, on the one
hand (answered by 5€); often
tendered by a stress on the pre-
ceding word. ‘O pév, the one... 6
Se, the other, of pév, some... of
52, others.

pévror, however ; certainly.

pévo, I remain, (trans.) wait for; fut.
pev@, perf. pepévnka, 1 aor.
épewa.

Mévav, -wvos, m. Menon, one of the
Greek generals, a Thessalian (I.
58).

pépos, -ovs, n. a part, share; division
(of army) ; specimen.

peonpBpla, -as, f. mid-day. (Lat.
meridies.)

peod-yatos, -a, -ov, midland, the in-
terior, (pécos, middle, and yi,
land.)

pécos, -n, -ov, middle, midst, (Lat.
medius); 10 péacov, the centre (of
an army), péon Hepa, or pécov
huépas, mid-day.

peorés, -7, -dv, full (with gen.)

210

peta, prep. with gen. and acc. [root
meaning, ‘in the middle’ (yéa0s).]
I. with gen. with, in company with.
II. with acc. next to, after. Obs.
pera tavta, after these things, but
pera TovTov, with these (men).
In Composition, i. sharing with ; ii.
after (with verbs of motion), as
peTa-Trépmopar; iii. change, as weTa-
yyvwokm, I change my mind.

pera-péAet, impers. it repents (with
dat.); fut. -eAnoe.

pera-tréumrw, generally in Mid. pera-
méptropat, I send for, summon;
fut. -meppopa.

péxpt, prep. with gen., up fo, as far
as; also conjunction, until.

py, ot, the dependent negative
answering roughly to Lat. ne; i.
not, with other particles, as el 2),
if not, unless; iva ph, ws ph, Strws
pa), that not, or lest; ii. that not, or
not to with infin. as Guyvpu pr Exe,
I swear that I have not, nerXevw p71)
moev, I bid you not to do it; iii.
with participle, if not, as pi) modmy,
if he does not do=ei pr) mole’; iv.
that, or lest, after verbs of fearing,
as 5€501xa pr) moons, I fear that
or lest you may do; so=from after
verbs of hindering, as KwAvw oe 7)
moweiv, I hinder you from doing; v.
in directly forbidding, with pres.
imper. or aor. subj. as pi) mole, do
not do it (as a habit), ya) moons,
do not do it (now).

am5é, (conj). neither, nor, not even.

andeis, -epia, -év, no one, (lit. pyde
els, not even one.)

pydérore, (adv.) never (lit. not even
ever).

Mnfiia, -as, f. Media, south of the
Caspian, west of the Tigris.

Moxos, -ov, m. Meddcus, king of the
Odrysians in Thrace (VIII. 141).

Mndocdins, -ov, m. Medosddes, a
Thracian, envoy of Seuthes (VIII.

117).
pyxérs, (adv.) no longer,

VOCABULARY,

pny, truly indeed. (Lat. vero); xal
pv, moreover.

BYV, pnvds, a month.

pntwote, (adv.) never. (yi and moré.)

pypés, -ov, m. the thigh.

pyre, (un, TE), Nor; NTE... LATE,
neither...nor; pnte...Té, nol
only not... but.

LyTHp, -7pds, f. a mother.

Le TpO-moAts, -ews, f. the mother-cilty ;
capital.

pnxavdouar, I contrive, plan, devise;
fut. -7jcopa, perf. peunyaynpat.
(un xav7, a device.)

pnxXavy, -fs, f. means, device, con-
trivance. (Lat. machina.)

pla, fem. of eis, one.

MiOpidarns, -ov, m. Mithridates, a
Persian satrap of Cappadocia (IV.
138).

pikpds, -d, -dv, small, little. Comp.
puxpétepos, éAdrrov and pelow:
sup. puxpétaros and éAdyxioTos,
puxpdv tt, some little (money).
Kata puxpov, in small portions.

pipvyoKe, (Act.) J remind, (Mid.) I
remember, mention, fut. pyqjoopat,
perf. wéyuvn par, with present meaning.

pioéo, I hate; fut. -jow, (pisos,
hatred.)

pioGo-Sérys, -ov, m. a pay-master.
‘(wu000s, pay, and Sid, I give).

prods, -ov, m. pay, reward.

pvqcopar, fut. of wupyjcKe,

porus, (adv.) with difficulty.

povov, (adv.) only (properly neut. of
pévos).

6v0s, -7, -ov, alone, only.
ocotvoiKot, -wv,m. the Mossynoeci,
a people in Asia Minor, on the Black
Sea, west of Trapezus (pdécour,
wooden tower, oixéw, I dwell).
puto, I suck in, lit. ‘drink in with
closed lips.’ (pv, mute.)

Mvuplavipos, -ov, f. Myriandrus, a
town between Issus and Antioch
(I. 165).

wep’s, . f, ten thousand in num-

, @ myriad,

VOCABULARY.

pupror, -a, -a, ten thousand; pvplor,
countless, numberless. (Distinguish
by accents.)

Mvota, -as, f. Mysia, the N. W.
province of Asia Minor.

pwpés, -d, -dv, foolish.

Nee

vat, (adv.) yes.

vatn, -78, f. a woody dell, glen.

varos, -ous, N.=vamn.

vav-apxos, ov, m. the commander of
a Sieet, an admiral. (vais, a ship,
and 4 dpxa, I command.)

vau-THyyoLos, -ov, useful Sor ship-
building. (vais, and miyyvuu, I
Jasten.)

vads, vews, pl. vjes, f. a ship.

vautiés, -77, -dv, naval. (vats, ship.)

veaviokos, -ov, Mm. @ young man, a
youth,

vekpos, -ov, m. a dead body, corpse.

vépw, (1) I distribute, (2) divide as

. pasture, hence Pass. vépebat, to be
grazed on; kpta veveunueva, meat
divided, i.e. slices of meat, fut. vena,
perf. vevéunka, I aor. évetpa.

ved-8apros, -ov, newly flayed. (véos,
new, and Sépw, I flay.)

véos, -a, -ov, fresh, young. Comp.
vewrepos; superl. vewraros.

veupa, -ds, f. a sinew, cord for a sling,
bow-string.

vevoopan, fut. of véw.

vededn, -78, f. a cloud, mist.

véw, I swim, fut. vevoopat.

Néwv, -wvos, m..Neon, an Asinaean,
successor of Cheirisophus, and op-
ponent of Xenophon.

vikdw, I conquer, overcome, Pave:
fut. viKhoo.

vin, -s, f. victory, conquest.

voéw, I perceive, observe; fut. vonow,
I aor. événoa. (védos, mind.)

vopifw, I consider, think; 1 aor.
évépioa, perf. pass. vevbpro pas.
Td vourCspeva, rites of burial, lit.
‘the things considered usual,’

a1!

vOpios, -9, -ov, customary, usual
(vépos.)

vépos, -ov, m. custom, law,

véos, -ov, m. contr. vods, vou, etc
mind, thought, intention.

voaos, -ou, f. disease, sickness.

voTos, -ov, m. the south wind, (Lat.
Notus. .)

vuxrepevia, 7s pass the night, bivouac ;
fut. -<cvow. (vvé.)

viv, (adv.) now. (Lat. nunc.) 6 viv

xpévos, the present time.

vk, vuerds, f. night; vuerds, by night,
thy vixta, all night long.

v@tov, -ov, n, the back.

EB.

Fevias, -ov, m. Xenias, a general from
Arcadia, who deserted Cyrus (I.
167).

tevitw, I entertain, 1 aor. éfévica,
(févos, a guest-friend.)

tévios, -a, -ov, hospitable; neut. pl.
teva, friendly gifts, presents.

Eévos, -ov, m.a gwest-friend, stranger.

Fevohdv, -@vros, m. Xenophon, an
Athenian, born B.c, 444, a pupil of
Socrates, who carried him out of
the battle of Delium (B.c. 424)
on his shoulders, Xenophon was
strongly opposed to the popular
government at Athens, and an ad-
mirer of the Spartan oligarchy; he
was therefore glad to leave Athens
in 401 and join Cyrus, on the in-
vitation of his friend Proxenus, 4
Theban, whose acquaintance he had
made when he was a prisoner at
Thebes. After the murder of
Clearchus he was made commander
of the army. In the spring of 399
he gave over the army to Thibron
the Spartan and returned to Athens,
Socrates had been put to death, and
Xenophon was banished for having
joined Cyrus, an ally of the Spartans,
He then fought in Asia under the
Spartan king Agesilaus, and on the

Pa

z12

return of the latter to Greece he
even fought on his side against his
own countrymen at Coronea, B.C.
394, for which the Spartans rewarded
him with a gift of land near Olym-
pia. He lived there till 371, and
then went to Corinth, where he
died, probably about 355. Besides
the Anabasis, his chief works are
(1) the Hellenica, a Greek history
for forty-eight years, ending with
the battle of Mantinea, B.c. 362;
(2) Memorabilia, or memoirs of So-
crates’conversations ; (3)Cyropaedia,
or the education of the elder Cyrus,
founder of the Persian monarchy.
In the Helleniea he attributes the
authorship of the Anabasis to one
Themistogenes of Syracuse, pro-
bably a nom de plume for him-
self.

Eéptns, -ov, m. Xerxes, king of Persia,
son of Darius I (Hystaspes) ; he in-
vaded Greece, and was defeated at
Salamis, B.c. 480.

Eldos, -ous, n. a sword.

EvAtvos, -7, -ov, wooden, ({vAov.)

EvdXoy, -ov, n. wood.

Oo.

6, 4}, 76, (1) the def. art. the; (2) pro-
noun he, she, as 6 52 elev, and he
said.

6BeXloxos, -ov, m. a little spit or spear.

dySoqKovta, eighty.

Se, Hde, 7d5¢e, this, properly, this one
here. It often refers to what is
coming, as éAefe rade, he spoke as
Jollows.

586s, -od, f. a way, road, journey, ex-
pedition,

*OSpvoys, -ov, m.an Odrysian, or one
of the Odrysae, a Thracian tribe
(VII. 139).

S0ev, (adv.) whence; from whom or
Srom which.

otxabe, (adv.) homewards. (olkos,

home.)

VOCABULARY.

otSa, J know, perf. used as pres., from
eidov (2 aor. with pres. dpdaw).
Plural iopev, tore, toacr, imperat.
ich.

olxetos, -a, -ov, domestic; of olkeiot,
one’s family, lit. * those at home.’

oixéw, J dwell, live, (trans.) inhabit;
fut. olxnow, perf. pass. Gxnpuat.

oikypa, -dros, n. a dwelling, house.

oikia, -as, f. a house.

oixile I found, settle; 1 aor. @xoa,
perf. @xcopar.

oixoOev, (adv.) from home.
home.)

otkot, (adv.) at home. Properly a
locative case of oikos.

olkos, -ov, m. a house, home. (Lat.
vicus.)

otpat. See ofopar.

otvos, -ov, m. wine. (Lat. vinum.)

oivoxdos, -ov, m. acup-bearer. (oivos,
and xéw, I pour.)

otopat, contr. otpat, J think, suppose ;
fut. oljgopat, I aor. @7Onv, imperf.
popny. :

olos, -a, -ov, what sort of, (such) as.
(Lat. qualis.) ofés ré ely, I am
able ; oidv Té éo7t, it is possible.

ate oir, f. sheep (Lat. ovis); acc. pl,
ols.

otxopat, J am gone, I depart; fut.
oixjgopat, imperf. oxdpnv.

olwvés, -o0, m. (1) @ large bird, bird °
of prey: hence (2) an omen.

Oxdalw, I bend the knee, crouch down;
fut. d«Adow.

Oxvos, -ov, m. a shrinking, reluctance,
unwillingness.

éxrakis-yiAtot, -at, -a, eight thousand.

éxta, eight. (Lat. octo.)

6A€oat, 1 aor. infin. act. of dAAvpL.

6Alyos, -n, -ov, few, small; ddjtyas
mAnyas maiav, to strike too few
blows. ‘

édoOdvw, I slip; fut. ddAwOjow, a
aor. WAicOor.

Sdos, -7, -ov, whole, entire.

oparéds, -7, -dv, even, level, smooth.

Spypos, -ov, m. a hostage.

(ofkos,

VOCABULARY.

SptxAy, -ns, f. a mist, fog.

OpvupL, I swear; 1 aor. &pooa, perf.
dpmpoxa, perf. pass. 6umpoopat.

Spots, -a, -ov, like,

dpotws, (adv.) likewise, equally.

6podoyéw, J acknowledge, confess,
agree ; fut. -How.

dpdcat, I aor. infin. act. of duvups.

dpod, (adv.) together.

Spas, (adv.) yet, nevertheless.

ovap, n. a dream; pl. dveipara (only
in nom, and ace.).

évnge, fut. of dvivnpt.

ovivype, I benefit; tut. dvnow, I aor.
avnoa, I aor. pass. wynOny.

dvopa, -aTOS, 0. a name.

ovopacri, (adv.) by name.

dvos, -ov, m. and f. an ass.

omy, (adv.) (1) where; (2) in what
way, as,

omaGev, (adv.) behind.

omic Bo- uhakéw, I guard the rear;
fut. -now. (dmodev, and pvddoow,
I guard.)

omiaGo-pvdakla, -as, f. the command
of the rear-guard.

omiaGo-ptAak, -axos, m. commander
of the rear-guard, pl. émo@o-
didaxes, the rear-guard,

otriow, (adv.) back.

omhilw, I arm; 1 aor. &tA10a, perf.
Pass. Gmdopat. (oma, arms.)

omAutevw, fut. -edow, I serve as a
hoplite or heavy-armed soldier.

ondirys, -ov, m. a hoplite, or heavy-
armed soldier, (6mAa, arms.)

StrAov, -ov, n. a heavy shield; mostly
pl. Sma, (heavy) arms. év Tots
OnAos, under arms; eis TA brrAa,
to the arms, i.e, the place where the
arms were piled in camp.

Oot, (adv.) whither, where.

Otroios, -a, -ov, what sort cf. (Lat.
qualis.)

dtrogos, -N, -OV, how great; in pl.
Srogot, how many, asmany as. Neut.
dmogov, as much as, as far as.

ee whenever, with subj. (ddre,
ay.

(6vopa.)

213

doe, whenever, with opt.

Gov, (adv.) where, wherever. .

Stes, (1) how: (2) in order that, that.

Spaiw, I see: fut. bfopat, imperf. Ew-
pov, perf. édpaxa, perf. pass, @ppat,
I aor. pass. wpOny, fut. pass, dpO7-
ope, 2 aor. eldov.

opyn, -7s, f. anger, passion.

dpyfopar, J am enraged; perf. @pyto-
pat, I aor. wpyiaOnv.

dpewvds, -7, -dv, mountainous, hilly ;
dpevol Opaxes, the Hill Thracians.
(6pos, a mountain.)

dpAos, a, -0v, upright, steep; 70
bphov, the slope; GpOtor Adxor,
companies in column, as opposed to
pararyt (troops in line).

6p06s, -7, -dv, straight, upright.

opOpos, -ov, m. the dawn.

6p9as, (adv.) rightly. (6p0ds.)

6plla, I bound, limit, define; 1 aor
&p.oa, perf. pass. Gpropar.

Sptov, -ov, n. a boundary, frontier.

Opkos, -ov, m. an oath. (Lat. Oreus
‘the lower world,’ by which they
swore.)

Sppdw, (Act.) (1) (trans.) J incite; (2)
(intrans.) rush; (Mid.) I set out;
fut. éppnow, perf. &pynca, perf. pass.
Gpynyat. (opp, an impulse.)

dppéw, I lie at anchor ; fut. ppnow,
imperf. &ppovy, aorist supplied by
Sppifw. (Sppyos, a harbour.)

oppy, -tis, f. impulse, movement; év
Opp, on the start.

dppife, (Act.) I bring to anchor,
moor; 1 aor. &pyuca, (Mid.) Z lie
at anchor. (8pyos, a harbour.)

Opveov, -ov, n. a bird,

Spvis, Tos, m. and f. a bird, fowl.

*Opovrns, -ov, m. Orontes. (1) a
Persian put to death by Cyrus for
treachery (I. 228). (2) a satrap of
Armenia (IV, 250).

Opos, -ous, n. a mountain.

Spodos, -ov, m. thatch, roof. .

dpittw, I dig; fut. dpvéw, perf. dpa-*
puxa, perf. pass. dpwpuypat, verb.
adj. dpuxtos.

214

sphavés, -7, -6v, an orphan.

bpXéopat, I dance; fut. dpxnoopat.

Spxyots, -ews, f. a dance.

opxnotpis, -idos, f. a dancing girl.

"Opxopévios, -a, -ov, Orchomenian,
or an inhabitant of Orchomenus, a
town in Arcadia,

Ss, 7, 6, (rel. pronoun) who, which;
often with the antecedent omitted,
he who, that which; & @ (sc.
xpovw), during which (time), i.e.
while.

d00s, “1, -0V, how great (Lat. quantus),
(pl.) Scot, how many, as many as,
(Lat. quot),

Saos-trep, Son-nep, Scov-mep, as great
as; in pl. as many as.

Os-trep, 7-mEp, b-mep, who, which, just
the one who,

dompiov, -ou, n. pulse,

ds-Tts, 7-718, 8 Tt, who, which, who-
ever ; gen. Stov for _ou-Tivos, dat. |
Stw for Gran. ef Grov (sc. xpd-—
vou), since,

6tav, (conj.) whenever (always with
subj.).

ore, (conj.) when (with ind. and opt.).

ont, (conj.) (1) that; (2) because.

6 1, neuter of da7ts. 6 Te is used
like Lat. guam with superl., as & tt
TAEioTOL, as many as possible.

ore. See ds-ris.

ov, not, no (Lat. non) ; before a vowel
ov« ; before an aspirate ovx.

ov, dat. ol, acc. €, (pers. pron.) of him-
self.

ovSapy, (adv.) nowhere, in no way,
on no occasion.

ovdapas, no-how, by no means.

ovdé, (adv.) (1) but not, nor; ovre..
obde, neither .. nor, (2) yet, not even.

ovdels, ovdeuia, ovdév, no one, none;
ovdéy, (adverbially), in no way, not
atall, (ov5é els, not even one.)

oix. See ov.

otxént, (adv.) no longer.

otxouv, not therefore, surely not.
Distinguish by accent from

ovxotv, therefore, then. (Probably

VOCABULARY.

orig. = otkovv; interrogative now
_ distinguished by accent.)

otv, therefore, then (Lat. tgttur).

ovmote, never.

otra, not yet.

ovpayds, -ov, m. the leader of the
rear-guard. (ovpa, tail.)

oupayos, - -od, m. heaven, sky. bdap éf
ovpavov = rain,

ovs, &rds, n. the ear.

ovre, neither, nor.

ovtos, arn, Toro, (dem. pronoun),
this.

ovtos-i, aitn-i, rouri, this here (Lat.
hic-ce).

o%Tw, before a vowel ovtws, so, thus.

ovx. See ov.

Spedos, benefit, service, use, (only
used in nom. and acc.).
opOadpos, -o}, m. the eye. (Gpopat,
I shall see; fut. with pres. dpaw.)
dxéw, (Act.) I carry, (Mid.) I ride;

fut. dyno.
OXHEG, -aTos, n. a vehicle, support.
6xOn, -7ns, f. a bank (of a river).
dxAos, -ov, m. crowd, people, (Lat.
vulgus) ; camp followers ofan army,
bxAov mapéxev, to give trouble.
ope, (adv.) late.
diptog, -a, -ov, in the evening. (dyia,
sc. Wpa, the evening.)
Gis, -ews, f. appearance,
spectacle. (6opat.)
Sipopar, fut. with pres. dpda.

sight,

II.

Tay-Kpdtiov, -ov, n. the pancratium,
a contest in Wrestling and boxing.
(way, and xparos, strength.)

™d00s, -ovs, n, suffering; (nacxw, I
suffer.) 6, Tt 7d mwaOos ein, what
was the matter.

araQav, -o0ga, -éy, 2 aor. part. of
maoXo.

matavilw, I raise the paean, (war
ery or song of victory.) (maddy,
the paean.)

maBela, -as, f. education, training.

VOCABULARY,

tradtov, -ov, n. a child; (dim. of
mats.)

mais, maldds, m. and f, a child, (boy or
girl.)

maiw, I strike; fut.
éraoa.

mada, (adv.) long ago. (mada dpa,
I have long been seeing, and so with
other verbs, like Lat. jamdudum
video.)

maAdatw, J wrestle, fut. -alow.

maAn, -7s, f. wrestling. (ndddw, I
shake.)

tmadw, (adv.) back, again.

maATOv, -ov, n. a spear, javelin.
(madAw, I shake.)

TmapmTAnOns, -€s, very numerous.

maptroAus, -1AAn, -ToAU, very many.

mavtamaciv), (adv.) altogether,
wholly, entirely.

qwavTotos, -a, -ov, of all sorts, (mas.)

mavu, (adv.) altogether, very, fully.
(1Gs.)

mapa, prep. with gen., dat., and
acc. (root meaning beside). I.
with gen. from, especially of persons,
as of mapa Baotdéws, the (messen-
gers) from the king, [lit. ‘ from
beside”]. II. with dat. at, near,
with, especially, at the house of,
[lit. ‘at the side’], III. with acc.
i. of motion to a point, ¢o; ii. of
motion along a line, along, on the
side of, as mapa @ddAartay, along
the sea (coast) ; nap’ donida, on the
shield side, i.e. on the left; iii. of
time, during ; iv. (metaphorically)
compared with, as mapa ravra,
because of, besides ; hence beside the
mark, i.e. contrary to, as mapa Tous
vopous, against the laws. In Com-
position, i. beside, or near, as map-
ext, ‘1 am near,’ or ‘ present;’ ii.
beyond, or ‘beside the mark,’ as
napa-Baivw, I transgress.

mapa BonPew, I come to help; fut.-qow.

tap-ayyéAAw, I command, give orders ;
(lit. ‘pass the word ofcommand along
(mapa) the line ;”) 1 aor. -7yyelAa.

maigo), I aor.

215

mapa-yiyvopat, I come up, am pre-
sent; fut. -yevqoopat, 2 aor. map-
eyevouny.

map-ayo, I bring along, especially
lead from column into line; fut.
-dfw, 2 aor. -nyayov.

mapadeoos, -ov, m. a park, (Persian
word, hence Eng. paradise.)

mapa-Sidwpt, I hand over, give up,
surrender; fut. -b&ow, I aor. map-
é5wka, I aor. pass. -e5d0nv.

trap-aivéw, I recommend, exhort, ad-
dress; fut. -a.véow,

mapa-kakéw, I send for, summon,
exhort; fut. -Kadéow.

mapa-Keat, I lie beside, or near;
fut. -xeicopat. (Used as the passive
of mapa-riOn pu.)

mapa-Kedevopat, J exhort, encourage;
fut. -xeAcdoopat.

mapa-Kéevors, gen. -ews, f. a cheering
on, encouraging.

tmapa-hapBave, I take over, receive,
take to myself; fut. -Anpopat, perf.
map-eiAnpa, 2 aor. -€AaBov.

tmapa-méumw, I send along, escort;
fut. -mépibo.

mapa-théw, I sail past, sail along ;
fut. -rAevoopat.

TApagayyns, -ov, M. a parasang’, or
Persian measured distance = 30
stadia, or 35 miles.

mapa-oKevalw, I get ready, prepare ;
so Mid. prepare for (my own) use;
fut. -cxevdow, perf. pass. map-eoxeva-
opat.

Tapa-cKevy, -75, f. preparation.

wapa-tattw, I draw up, arrange
(mapa, side by side, i.e. in order of
battle); fut. -ragw, perf. pass, -Té-
Taypat,

tmapa-retvw, I stretch out, extend
(pddayya); fut. -rev@, I aor.
MOp-ET ELVA,

mrapa-riOnpt, I lay down beside; fut.
-Onow, 2 aor, mid. -eOéunv.

mapa-tpéxw, I run by, run past:
fut. -dpapotua, 2 aor. map-é5pa-
Hoy.

216

tap-eyyuaw, I pass (the word) from
hand to hand, command.

map-ept, J am present, arrive: fut.
-€gopat, impf. map-Rv. (ev TE Ta-
povrt, at the present time.)

map-ept, I pass by, pass on; impf.
map-7ev.

tap-eAavvw, I march past,
past, I aor. -nAaga.

tap-épxopat, J go past, pass along,
pass through ; 2 aor. -7AGov.

tap-€xw, I furnish, supply; render,
produce (péBov), (with éavror,
give myself over to; mpayyata
map-éxewv, to give trouble); 2 aor.
-éaxov, impf. -efyov.

tap-nkw, I reach, extend along ;
fut. -nfo.

Tlap@évos, -ov, m. the Parthenius, a
river dividing Paphlagonia from
Bithynia.

TIaptov, -ov, n. Parium, a town in
Mysia (VIII. 109).

tap-tommpt, (trans.) J place by, set
near; (intrans. 2 aor. and perf.)
I stand by; fut. mapa-ornow, I aor.
map-éoTnoa, 2 aor. map-éoTnv.

map-o0s, -ov, f. a passage, (mapa,
alongside, and 650s, a road.)

Tlaptcatts, -:50s, f. Parysdatis, mother
of Artaxerxes Mnemon, and Cyrus
the younger.

mas, waca, nav, all, every. (7a
mavra, (1) the whole, everything ;
(2) adv. completely.)

II , -ovos, m. Pasion, a general
from Megara, who deserted Cyrus
(I. 167).

TaTXo, I suffer, suffer misfortune ;
fut. reigopat, 2 perf. érov6a, 2
aor. €maSoy. (€0, or kaxws nagxey,
to be well or ill treated.)

matadcow, I strike; fut. marafw,
1 aor. émdraga. See mAHTTw.

Tlarnyvas, -ov, m. Patégyas, a
Persian, in the army of Cyrus (II. 4).

Trathp, TaTpés, m. a father.

tratpls, -f50s, f. native country, father-
land, (Lat, patria.)

ride

VOCABULARY,

TATP@os, -a, -ov, hereditary, ancestral,

tmravw, (Act.) I cause to cease, put a
stop to; (Mid.) I cease, stop; fut.
mavow, perf. mémavka, perf. pass.
méravpa.

TlapAayovia, -as, f. Paphlagonia, a
district of Asia Minor, on the south
coast of the Euxine, between Bithy-
nia and Pontus, It was famous for
its cavalry.

TIagAaywv, -dvos, m. a Paphlago-
nian.

wédy, -ns, f. a chain for the feet,
fetter. (movs, gen. modds, a foot.)

tediov, -ov, n. a level surface, plain.

aeln, (adv.) on foot, by land, (prop.
dat. of we{ds, with 630 vunder-
stood).

melds, -7, -dv, on foot (Lat. pedestris).
(we(7 Svvapus, infantry force).

tret\Ow, (Act.) J persuade (with acc.);
(Mid.) Z obey, believe (with dat.);
fut. meiow, I aor, émeroa, perf. pass.
mémeropar, 2 perf, wémoiOa, J trust.

me.pdopat, J try, attempt, with infin.,
also with Onws and subj.; with
genitive, I make trial of ; fut. me:pa-
copa.

mreicopat, fut. of marx.

Tevotéov, one must persuade or obey,
verb adj. of mei@w or meiopat.

tweAdlw, I approach; fut. weAdow.

TleXorévvygos, (IléAoros vijcos, the
island of Pelops), the Peloponnesus,
peninsula of Southern Greece, now
the Morea.

mweAtalw, I serve as a peltast, i.e,
with a light shield (weAT).

meAtagTHs, -od, m. a peltast, targe-
teer, (because armed with the
méATY.)

wéeATH, -s, f. a light shield covered
with leather, The large shield was

called denis,
wéptros, 7, -ov, fifth. (wévte,
ve.)

meprro, I send; fut. méupo, perf,
mémoupa, I aor. pass. éreupOny.
mrévopat, I am poor. (mévys, poor.)

VOCABULARY.

TEVTAKOOLOL, -a, -a, five-hundred,

mrévte, five.

TevTyKovTa, fifty.

TEVTNKOVTNP, -7pos, m, a commander
of fifty men, or a half company.

mevTHKOVTOpOS, -ov, f. (sc. vavs) a
Jifty-oared galley, with one bank
of 25 oars on each side.

mé-trovOa, perf. of macxw.

é-rpa-ka, perf, of mmpackw,

awé-7TwKa, perf. of mimtw.

aé-mrwka, perf. of rivw.

trepatvw, I finish, accomplish; fut.
mepav®, perf. pass. memepagpat, I aor.
pass. €mepavOnv,

tmepatow, (Act.) I convey across;
(Mid.) I cross; fut. weparwow,

mépav, (adv.) across, on the other
side, (17d mépav, the opposite
side.)

Tlépyapos, -ov, f. Pergamus, a town
in Mysia, near the river Caicus (VIII.
508); afterwards the head of an
important kingdom under Eumenes
II, and in the second century B.c.
the capital of the Roman province
of Asia, It was celebrated for its
library and school of literature, as
well as for the invention of parch-
ment, which derivesits name (through
the French parchemin) from ‘Per-
gamena Charta. Pergamus was
an early seat of Christianity, and
one of the Seven Churches of Asia
(Rey. ii. 12). [The name means
‘citadel’ Cp. the Pergamus or
‘citadel’ of Troy; Greek mvpyos
(‘castle’), Eng. burgh. ]

wépdut, -ixos, m, and f. a partridge.
(Lat. perdix.)

wept, prep. with gen., dat., and acc. ;
around, about, ‘round the ends of’
(cf, mépa, beyond, mépas, an end),
I, with gen. i. about, concerning,
for, like Lat. de; ii. (rarely), above
in old sense of beyond, as epi
mavros moeicOa, to consider it
above all, i.e. all-important; tepi
mwodAov, above much, i.e. very

217

much. II. with dat., around, es-
pecially of parts of the body, as
mept Tols Tpaxndrots, round their
necks. Ul. with acc., i. around
about, as of wept avtov, those about
him, i.e. he and his men; ii. of
time, about; iii. about, concerning,
with regard to. In Composition,
i. around, about; ii. above, i.e.
very much, like Lat. per- in per-
magnus,

mept-BaddAw, I throw around, sur-
round, embrace; fut. -Bad@, 2 aor.
-€Badov.

mrept-yiyvopat, (1) I am superior to,
excel; (2) I turn out to be; tut.
-yevnoopat, 2 aor. -eyevopny.

mept-erpt, J go round. (eit, bo.)

mepi-tornpt, (trans.) I place round ;
(intrans.) 2 aor. and perf. I stand
round; fut. -oTjow, 2 aor. -€oTny.

trept-KukAdw, I encircle; fut. -wow.

Tept-pévw, I wait for; fut. -peva,
I aor. -€pewwa,

TIepivOvos, -a, -ov, Perinthian, or
inhabitant of Perinthus,

Tlépwos, -ou, f. Perinthus, a town in
Thrace on the Propontis, after-
wards called Heraclea, whence its
modern name Erekli.

wept-ryyvupt, I fix around (Pass.)
I am frozen around,

mept-tAéw, I sail round; fut, -1A€v-
oopat.

arept-ppew, (1) I flow around; (2) I
slip from around, slip off; 2 aor.
pass, mept-eppunv.

Tept-ppuyjvar, 2 aor. infin. pass. of
TE pt-ppew.

trept-pépw, I carry round ; fut. -oiow,
I aor. -nveyKa.

Tlépons, -ov, m. a Persian, pl. ot
Ilépoat, The Persian empire in-
cluded Asia Minor, and extended
from it to the North of India,
comprising the modern Persia and
Asiatic Turkey. It was divided
into twenty satrapies or provinces,

Tlepouxés, -7, -dv, Persian.

218

Tlepotott, (adv.) in the Persian
language, in Persian.

meoetv, 2 aor. infin. of mint,

mecovpat, fut. of mintw.

meowv, 2 aor. part. of minTw.

méropat, I fly; 2 aor. émrdopuny.

métpa, -as, f. a rock.

amépevya, 2 perf. of pevyw.

mY, -tis, f. a fountain, spring,
source (of a river).

myyvup., I fix, freeze, (of blood)
curdle; 1 aor. émnga, 2 perf.
ménnya, I am fixed, 2 aor. pass.
enaynv.

més, -ov, m. clay, mud.

meélw, I press, squeeze; distress.

tivw, I drink; fut. miopo, 2 aor.
émov, perf. mémwka,

mimpackw, I sell; perf. némpaixa, 1
aor. pass. é€mpa@nv. Usual pres.
mwAé€w, for the fut. and 2 aor. amo-
dwoopa and dn-eddpuny are used.

twintw, J fall; fut. mecoduat, 2 aor.
éregoy, perf. mémTwxa.

Tliaidys, -ov, m., pl. of TvotSar, the
Pisidians, warlike mountaineers of
the Taurus range, between Lycia
and Cilicia, where the robber-tribes
of the Caramanians now live.

tmorevw, I trust; fut. -ebow, 1 aor.
éniorevoa (with dat.).

tiotis, -ews, f, trust, fidelity, confi-
dence.

mods, -7, -dv, faithful, trustworthy.
Ta mora, pledges.

tirus, -vos, f. a pine-tree.

trAalotov, -ov, n, an oblong.

TACpov, -ov, n. a plethrum=about
34 English yards.

awhetous, for mAcioves and mAclovas,
nom, and acc, pl. of mAciwy, comp.
of mobs.

mAetoros, -7, -ov, superl. of modus.

trAelw, for mAciova, acc, masc. sing. or
neut. pl. of mAeiwv.

tAclwy, -ov, comp. of modds.

wAeov-extéw, J have or gain an ad-
vantage. (mAéov, more, and éxw,
I have.)

VOCABULARY.

wAeupa, -Gs, f. the side; flank (of an
army).

mAevoopat, fut. of mAéw,

whew, I sail; fut. mAevoopua, I aor,
énAevoa.

TwANY), -78, f. a blow. (mAntTH, I
strike.)

TAV0s, -ovs, n. a large number, mul-
titude ; extent, (moAvs, many.)

wy, (adv. as prep. with gen.) except.
Also wAty 7, except.

wAnpys, -€s, full (with gen.).

twAynoialo, I draw near, approach.
(wAnaioy, near.)

tAnoiov, (adv.) near; (superl. 7An-
o.airatos, nearest, next (with gen.).

wANTTM, I strike; fut. tAngw, perf.
pass. mémAnypat, 2 aor. pass. é1-
Anynv. For the I aor. act. émaraga
is used.

tmAotoyv, -ov, n. a boat, transport, mer-
chant vessel, ship. (mAéw, I sail.)

tAots, -ov, m. a_ sailing, voyage.
(wAێw, I sail.)

twAoutilw, I make rich; (Mid.) I
get rich. (mAovrTos, wealth.)

arvedpa, -atos, n. breath, wind, breeze,
(nvéw, I breathe.)

avew, I blow, breathe ; imperf. énveov,
fut. mvevoopat.

wO0ev, (adv.) whence? moev, from
somewhere. 4

1600s, -ov, m. a longing, desire, regret.

trot, (adv.) whither? tot, to some place,
somewhere.

mo.ew, I make, do, cause; fut. -jow,
perf. wemoinxa. moveiv éféracw, to
hold a review. €0 or Kak@s TaLEiY,
to treat well or ill. (Mid.) (1) I make
for myself; (2) I make to myself, i.e.
consider,

trouthos, -7, -ov, variegated, tattooed,

trotos, ~a, -ov, (interrog.) of what sort?
Lat. qualis, woiés Tis; what sort of
man?

mwodepéw, I make war upon, with dat.
or prep. mpdés. (mdAepos, war.)

TroAeuiKds, -7, -dv, warlike. modem
Kov, @ war-cry; Td morEmuKov, the

VOCABULARY.

signal for battle ; 1d wodeptxd, war,
mulitary service.

ToA€10s, -a, -ov, and -os, -ov, hostile,
a (public) enemy (Lat. hostis), as
distinguished from €xOpds, a private
enemy (Lat. inimicus),

méAepLOs, -ov, m. war,

moAvopKéw, I besiege, blockade; fut.
-T0.

mods, -ews, f. a city, state = Lat.
civitas, whereas dotv = Lat. urbs.

mo\Aakts, (adv.) often. (aroAvs.)

ToAAGXT, (adv.) in many places, on
many occasions, often. (moAvs.)

TloAvukparns, -€0s, acc. -7 or -nv, m.
Polycrates, an Athenian captain
(VIII. 432).

TloAvvikos, -ov, m. Polynicus, a La-
cedaemonian, sent by Thibron to ask
for the services of the Greek army
against Tissaphernes (VIII. 329).

modvs, TOAAH, TOAY, much, many;
also large, bong, ot moAXol, the
most, the majority. Compar. mA«iwr,
superl. mAeioTos. odd, as adv.
much, by far.

ToAv-TeAns, -€8, expensive, (modds,
much, and TéAos, expense.)

Top, -7s, f. a procession.
ig send.)

trovéw, I work, labour; perf. merdvnxa,
(névos, labour.)

movnpés, -d, -év, bad, worthless, wick-
ed; unsuitable; dangerous, hostile.
‘Trovnpas, with difficulty.

mévos, -ov, m. work, labour, toil; also
result of labour.

wovrTos, -ouv, m. the (deep) sea (especi-
ally the Euxine); also the district
of ‘Pontus.

topeta, -as, f. a march, journey.

mopeutéos, verb, adj. of mopevoua,
one must march.

topevw, (Act.) Z convey; (Mid.) 7
march; fut. -edcopat.

Trop Ow, TZ destroy, sack; fut. -jow,

mropife, I furnish, provide, supply;
perf. pass, wemépiopat, I aor. pass.
énopicOnv. (mépos.)

(méuTrm,

219

mépos, -ov, m. a passage; hence
means, opporlunity.

TOppo, (adv.) far from (with gen.).

Troppupeos, “a, -oY, contr. -pots, -pa,
-povv, purple, scarlet.

OG0S, -7, -ov, how much? how greal?
améaov, how far ?

ToTapos, -0d, M. a river.

Tore, once upon a time; woe, when?
ei more, if ever.

métepov and wétepa, whether; fol-
lowed by #, or. Lat. utrum—an.

motov, -ov, n. drink. (aoTds, verb.
adj. of rive, I drink.)

mov, (adv.) where. wou, (1) some-
where, (2) somehow, especially pet
haps, I suppose, no doubt.

arous, modds, m. a foot.

mTpaypa, -aTos, n. a deed, action,
affair, matter; mpaypata mnap-
éxev, to give trouble. (mpattw, 1
do.)

ampattw, I do, act; fut. mpdgw, perf.
pass. mémparypat, I aor. pass. én-

xOnv. €& or kak®s mpatrey, to

Fare well or ill:

tmpéoBus, -vos, or -ews, m, an old
man; pl. mpéoBets, ambassadors,
comp. mpeoBirepos.

mptacOa, to buy; from 2 aor. én-
piapnv: w@véouos supplies the other
tenses,

amptv, (conj.) before. (1) with infin., ©
as mpiv édOety, before coming ; (2)
with indic., as mpiv 7AG«, before he
came; (3) after negatives, as mpiv av
€A6n, and mplv €AGot.

apo, prep. with gen. only. I. of place,
before, in front of; hence of fight-
ing for, in defence of. II. of time.
before. III. instead of, in preference
to. In Composition, before, forward,
beforehand, in preference to. (Cp.
Lat. pro, prae.)

TpO-dyw, i lead forward; fut. -dfa,
2 aor. -Hyayov.

mpo-Batvar, I go forward, elacaces
fut. -Byoopat.

ampo-Baddw, (1) I throw forward, ad-

220

vance (ra Stra). (2) I put for-
ward, propose; fut. -Bad@, 2 aor.
-€Badov.

mpo-Batov, -ov, n. a sheep (properly
any animal that walks, from mpo-
Baivw).

rpoBodn, -7s, f. a putting forward ;
Sopata eis mpoBodAhy KaSéva, to
‘couch’ their lances. (mpo-BadAo.)

Tpo-yovos, -ov, m.a forefather, an-
cestor.

mpo-Sidwpr, I give up, betray; fut.
-bwow,

Tpo-eiSov, 2 aor. with pres. mpo-opaw.

mpo-ept, I go forward, advance.
(<Tut.)

tmpo-eltrov, 2 aor. with fut. mpo-epa,
pres. -pnyu. See mpo-A€yw.

ampo-eAatvw, I drive forward, ride
forward, sc, immov.

mpo-epyalopar, I work beforehand ;
perf. pass. -€ipyaopa. ™po-
ecpyacpéevn bdfa, the glory before
gained,

* mpo-epéw, contr. mpo-epw, I say before-
hand or publicly, order, as fut. of
tpo-eirov, perf. -eipnka.

mpo-épxopat, J march on, advance ;
2 aor. -nAPov.

tpo-éxw, I excel, surpass; fut. -éfw,
2 aor. -€axov.

mpo-nyopéw, I speak in behalf of (with

en.).

ope bax I run forward ; fut. -Oevao-
pat.

mpoOupia, -as, f. readiness, eagerness,
zeal.

mpoPipos, -ov, ready, eager, zealous,
(mpd, forward, and Ovpos, spirit.)

mpoOvpws, (adv.) eagerly, readily.

mpo-kata-AapBavw, J seize before-
hand, preoccupy; 2 aor. -€AaBor,
fut. -Anwopua, perf, -eiAnpa.

tpé-keapar, J hte before, extend for-
ward ; fut. ~Keigopat.

mpo-kivSuvevw, J incur danger before-
hand.

IIpoxAjjs, -éos, m. Procles, governor
of Teuthrania, a district of Mysia.

VOCABULARY.

mpo-héyw, I tell publicly, give warn-
ing; fut. -Aéfw, for 2 aor. mpo-
éttrov.

II pdkevos, -ov, m. Proxenus,a Theban,
friend of Cyrus and Xenophon, who
induced Xenophon to join the ex-
pedition (IV. 11).

Tpo-opaw, I see before me; fut.
~popat, 2 aor. -efdov.

tmpo-téumw, I send forward, escort,
accompany ; fut. -mépo.

mpo-mivw, I drink any one’s health;
fut. -wiopar, 2 aor. -émoy,

m™pos, prep. with gen., dat., and acc.
Root meaning to the front (from
™po, cp. mpds-Oev); hence near,
I, with gen. i. from, from near ;
hence ii. on the part of, by; iii. in
the presence of, before, as mpos Bea,
before the gods, i.e. by the gods, in
swearing. II. with dat. i. at, near;
ii. besides, as mpds tovrots, besides
this, moreover, Lat. praeterea, III.
with acc, i. to, fowards, sometimes
against; ii. with regard to, accord-
ing lo, as mpos Tavra, therefore, 7a
mpos moA€pov, what concerns war,
mpos Biav, by force, mpos Hdov7y,
for pleasure, etc. In Composition,
i. fo or towards ; ii. besides ; iii. near.

mpos-ayw, I lead on, lead forward;
fut. -ag, 2 aor, -7Yya7yor.

tmpos-attéw, I ask besides, ask more ;
fut. -arrHow.

mpos-Baivw, I go to, approach, ad-
vance ; fut. -Byoopa, 2 aor. -€Byv.

tpos-Badrw, I attack, charge up; fut.
-Bad®, 2 aor. -€Bador.

tpos-BoAn, -js, f. an attack, assault,

mpos-yiyvopat, J come to, am added
to; 2 aor. -eyevopuny.

mpos-Sidwpr, I give besides, add ; fut.
-bwow, I aor. -€5axa,

mpos-Soxdw, I expect; fut. -5oxnow,
I aor. -€ddxqoa,

mpos-eyr, I go to, approach, come
up. (lus, Lat. ibo.)

mpos-eAatvw, J drive to, ride Be
(inmov), march up.

VOCABULARY.

mpos-Epxopat, I come up, approach;
2 aor. -7Aov.

tpos-éxw, I bring to, apply; (vodv
mpos-éxw, I turn my mind to,
attend to;) imperf. -etyoy, 2 aor.
-€oXov.

tpos-ykw, I extend to, reach. Impers.
Tpos-Hket, if becomes, it is fitting.

tp daGev, (adv.) (1) of place, in front
of, before. (2) of time, before,
formerly. tad mpdcOev, the van of
an army. 6 mpdc0ev xpédvos, the
former time, 16 mpda0ev, for-
merly.

tpos-inpt, (Act.) I let come to, admit,
(Mid.) admit (to oneself), approve ;
fut. -70@, I aor. -HKa.

mpos-KTdopar, I gain besides, gain
for; fut. -krjoopa, I aor. -exrn-
odpnv.

mpos-kuvéew, I kiss the earth before
any one, i.e. do obeisance, worship,
salute; fut. -kvvnow, I aor. -exdvnoa.

mpos-AapBdve, I receive besides ; with
gen. take part in, help; fut. -Anypo-
pa, 2 aor. -€AaBor,

mpds-od0s, -ov, f. a going to, approach,
procession.

tpos-dpvupt, I swear besides; fut.
-opovpat, I aor. -wyooa.

Tpos-metepovnpevos, perf. pass. part.
from mpos-mepovao,

mpos-trepovaw, I fasten with a skewer.
(wepdvn, a skewer.)

mpos-trokenéw, I make war against ;
fut. -jow.

mpos-tpéxw, I run up to; fut. -dpa-
povpat, 2 aor. -€5papov.

tmpos-dhépaw, (Act.) I bring to, conduct,
(Mid.) Z bear myself towards, i. e.
conduct myself,

mpdaw, (adv.) (1) forwards, (2) with
gen. far off. Comp. mpogwrépw,
farther.

mpbcwov, -ov, n. face, countenance.

TpoTepatos, -a, -ov, adj., as 7) mpoTe-
paia (jpuépa), the day before.

mpdtepos, -a, -ov, earlier, former,
first of two (Lat. prior) ; mpétepov,

221

70 mpétepov, (adv.) previously, on
a former occasion; comp. of mpd,
superl, mpwros.

mpo-tpéxw, I run forward ; fut. -5pa-
Hovpat, 2 aor. -é5papov,

ampo-paivw, (Act.) I show forth,
(Mid.) appear, become visible.

tpopvAat, -axos, m. an advanced
guard, outpost.

tmpo-xwpéw, I go on, proceed favour-
ably.

mpupva, -ns, f. the stern of a ship.

appa, -as, f. the prow or bows of a
ship.

mpwpets, -€ws, m. the man at the
prow, who gave the signal to the
steersman, the look-out man.

mpGros, -n, -ov, (superl. of mpd) first.
of mp@ro, the vanguard. (Adv.
ampOtov, 76 mparov, at first, in the
Jirst place.)

mraiw, I strike, dash;
Ta.oa,

wréput, -Uyos, f. a wing.

Tuypy, -Hs, f. a boxing match

TvAn, -78, f. a gate, opening ; pass.

mruvOdvopan, (1) J ask, (2) I hear (on
enquiry), learn ; fut. redoopau, perf.
mémvopa 2 aor. érvOdunv.

ave, (adv.) with the fist.

mp, mupds, n. fire.
watchfires.

nDpés, -ov, m. wheat, mostly in pl.

IIvupptxn, -ns, f. (sc. Opxnots), the
Pyrrhic dance, a military dance in
armour.

mw, (adv.) yet.
ovmw, not yet.

modéo, I sell; fut. mwrApow. Other
tenses are supplied from other verbs,
as fut. dmo-dwoopat, 2 aor. dn-
eddunv; perf, mémpaxa (from m-
mpacke),

maTroTe, (adv.) at any time, ever. ov
mwWmOTE, never. :

ms, (interrogative) how? but tras,
somehow, et mws, in any way, if al

all,

I aor, én-

In pl. aupé,

With negatives, as

222

padvos, a, -ov, easy; Comp. pdoy,
superl. pacros.

paSlws, (adv.) easily; comp. fdoy,
superl. pgora. °

péw, I flow; fut. petvoopat, 2 aor.

€ppuny.

Ys, -ous, n, cold.

m1w, I throw, fling, cast, throw off;

fut. pipw, I aor. éppripa.

pts, puvds, f. the nose.

‘Pddt0s, -a, -ov, Rhkodian, or inhabi-
tant of Rhodes, an island in the
Levant, off the S.W. coast of Asia
Minor. The Rhodians were famed
as slingers.

pv0uds, -o¥, m. measure, (musical) time,

=.

cahmiyktys, -ov, m. a trumpeter.
(adAmyé.)

oddmyé, -yyos, f. a trumpet.

TapSets, -ewv, pl. f. Sardis, capital of
Lydia; the starting-point of the
expedition (I. 46).

catpatnys, -ov, m. satrap, viceroy,
governor of a province of the
Persian Empire.

cavurtév, contracted from ceavTdv.

cans, -€s, clear, manifest. (Adv.
oadas, clearly.)

geaurév, (reflexive pronoun) thyself,
yourself; gen, oeavTov (gavTov),
your own,

SevOns, -ov, m. Seuthes, a Thracian
prince. His father had been driven
out of his territory on the Propontis,
and Seuthes recovered this with the
help of Xenophon’s army. _

onpaive, I signify, give a sign, give
the signal (in battle); fut. onyvava,
I aor. éonpnva.
petov, -ov. n, a sign, signal,

oHTapov, -ov, n. sesamé, a short plant
with a single flower, from the seeds
of which oil cake was made.

avydw, I am silent; fut. ~foopat, 1
aor. éolynoa. .

pt
pt

VOCABULARY.

otyy, -fjs, f. silence; dat. oryp, in
silence, silently.

Sthavds, -od, m. Silanus, (1) an Am-
bracian prophet (VI. 180), (2) a
native of Macistus, a town of Elis
on the Peloponnesus (VIII. 291).

otvopat, I injure, harass.

Lwwrtevs, -éws, m, a Sinopian; pl. of
Swew7eis.

Livy, -7s, f. Sinope, a Greek colony
in Paphlagonia on a peninsula run-
ning out into the Black Sea, It
is the finest anchorage for ships
on the north coast of Asia Minor;
a Turkish fleet was destroyed there
by the Russians just before the
breaking out of the Crimean War, _
in 1853.

XitdAkas, -ov, m. Sitaleas, king of the
Odrysae in Thrace.

6 SiraAxas, the Sitalcas-song, or song
in honour of one of the kings of
that name.

avrevtés, -7, -dv, fed up, fatted.
(Verb. adj. of oirevw, from airos,
corn.)

ottioy, -ouv, n. food, provisions. (atros,
corn.) :

Zuirrakny, -s, f. Sittace, a town in
Babylonia on the Tigris.

owdw, I am silent, keep silence;
fut. copa. (own, silence.) »

oxédos, -ous, n. the leg.

[oxétropat], see cxoTréw,

oxevalw, I prepare, equip, dress; fut.
-adow, perf. pass. éoxevacpat.
(axevh.)

oxevt, -7s, f. dress.

oxedos, -ous, n. a vessel; pl. oxevn,
baggage. (Lat. impedimenta.)

oxevo-dopéw, I carry baggage.
(oxevos, and pépw, I carry.)

oKevo-pipos, -ov, carrying baggage.
7a oxevopdpa (sc. eTHVN), the beasts
of burden in the train of an army,
baggage train.

okéipacGar, see cKoTrEew,

oKnvaw and oxnvéw, J live in tents,

I am quartered, fut. how. (oxnvh.) -

VOCABULARY.

oKnvn, vis, f, a tent,

oKyTTds, -ov, m. a thunderbolt.

oKYHTTOVXOS, -ov, m. the sceptre-
bearer (an attendant on the king).

oxAnpés, -4, -dv, dry, hard.

oxotréw, I keep a look out for, watch,
observe,. reconnoitre; imperf. éoxd-
mouv, (Mid.) consider, with tenses
from oxémropa, fut. oxépouat, 1
aor. éoxeWapnv, perf. pass. éoxep-
pat.

okKOTOS, -0v, M. a Spy, scout.

@kKOTOS, -ous, n. darkness.

op AIVvos, -ous, n. a swarm of bees.

Spicpys, -nTos, m. Smicres, an Arca-
dian general (VII. 68).

a6s, on, adv. (poss. adj.) thy, thine.

aodia, -as, f. wisdom. (cods.)

oodés, -7, -dv, wise, clever.

OMTGVLOS, -A, =OY, scarce, rare.

Srdpry, -ns, f. Sparta, or Lacedae-
mon, capital of Laconia.

Sraptiarys, a Spartan, i.e. one of
the Dorian immigrants. They
looked down upon the Perioeci, or
natives, as the Normans did upon
the Saxons in England.

omdw, I draw, drag, pull; fut.
ondow, I aor. éondoa.

omeipw, I scatter, sow seed; fut.
omep®, I aor. €omeipa, perf. éo-
mapka.

oteioopat, fut. mid. of orévdw.

aonévdo, I pour a libation; (Mid.)
lit. ‘ pour libations one with another,”
i.e. make a truce; fut. omeicopat,
I aor. éorecodpny.

orevda, I urge on, make haste; fut.
onevow.

orovdy, -fjs, f (sing.) a libation, (p).)
a treaty, (omévdw.)

orovdalw, I make faste, am busy,
am in earnest; fut. omovddow.

omoudn, -7s, f. haste.

otadiov, -ov, n. a stade, a furlong,
rather more than 3 of an English
mile. In counting roughly every
IO stades may be taken as an
English mile,

223

o7a0.6s, -od, m. a station, halting:
place, (hence) a day’s march.

otatnyv, 2 aor. opt. of torn.

oTas, 2 aor, part. of torn.

otacvdlw, I rebel, revolt,
faction. (ardots, faction.)

oTavpwpa, -aros, n. a palisade.

oréyy, -7s, f. a roof. eis oréyas, lit.
‘into roofs,’ i.e. under cover.

oté\Aw, I send, equip, (Mid.) I
march; fut. oreA@, I aor, €oreiAa,
2 aor. pass. €oTdAny.

otevés, -7, -dv, narrow; comp.
-dTe€pos, superl, -dtaros (from old
form o7evds).

oTevo-XKwpia, -as, f. a narrow pas-
sage.

otepéw, I deprive; (Pass.) orepéopat
or orépopau, I am deprived of; fut.
orepnoo, perf. pass. éorépnpat.

orépvov, -ov, n. the breast.

orépavos, -ov, m. a wreath, crown,
garland.

orivat, 2 aor. inf, of torn.

raise a

-ortBos, -ov, m. @ track, lit. ‘trodden

path,’ (fronvoreiBu, Z tread. )
otifw, I prick; perf. pass. éotiypat,
part. éorypévos, tattooed,
ottdos, ~ous, n. a close body of men.
oroAn, -fs, f. a robe, dress.
or6Xos, -ov, (1) a march, (2) array,
army.

orépa, -aTos, n. mouth, opening ; :
hence front of an army.
otparela, -as, f. an expedition.

(orpards, army.)

oTpareupa, -aTos, n. an army, com-
pany, division.

otpatevw, (Act.) Z march, (Mid.)
I serve as a soldier, fut. -evow.

orpatnyés, -ov, m. a_ general.
(orparos, army, and wyéopa, FZ
lead.)

oTpatid, -ds, f. an army. :

OTpaTiMTys, -ov, m. a soldier, *

otparotedetw, I encamp; fut. -evow.
(orpardmedov, a camp.)

TTpaTowedov, -ov, n.a camp. (orpards,
an army, and nm a plain.)

224

otparés, -ov, m. an army.

oTpeTTOs, -ov, m. a chain, necklace.
Properly verb. adj. of orpépw, I
twist.

atpépw, I turn, twist, (Mid.) wheel

about; fut. orpéye, I aor. éotpepa,
pf. pass. €orpappa:, 2 aor. pass.
éatpagny.

aotpovds, -od, m. and f. a sparrow,
but péyas otpovOds, an ostrich.

atvyvos, -7, -dv, disagreeable, gloomy.
(atvyéw, I hate.)

oT, 2 aor. subj. of tornps.

ov, pers. pron. thou.

ovy-yevns, -és, related, a kinsman. |

(abv, with, and yiyvopa, I am born.)

ovy-ylyvopat, I am with, have inter-
course with, assoctate with, fut.
yevngopua, 2 aor. -eyevouny.

avy-kahéw, J call together; fut. -xa-
Aéoa, I aor. guv-exadeoa.

ovy-Kaptrrew, J bend together, bend up;
fut. -xdpofe, I aor. cuv-éxapipa.

ovy-KAeiw, I shut close; fut. -cr€iow.

ovy-Kpdfw, I cry aloud; 2 aor. cuv-
éxparyov.

avy-kintw, I bend together, bend in-
radon fut. -«iyo, I aor. ouv-

ovy-xwpéw, J yield, (lit. ‘come to-
gether to terms,’) agree; fut. -jow,
I aor. Guvy-€xwpyaa.

GvKov, -ou, n. a fig.

ovA-hapBavw, I seize, lay hold of,
arrest; fut..-Afopua, 2 aor. ouv-

€AaBor.
avA-déyw, I collect, gather, assemble ;

fut. -Aéfw, I aor. ouv-édefa, pf.
~elAeypat,

vA Xoyos, -ov, m. an assembly, meet-
ing.

oup-Baddw, (Act.) J throw together ;
(Mid.) I agree upon. ocup-Baddo-
pau Ad-yous, I converse, talk ; 2 aor.
auv-éBadoy.

oup-BonSéw, I join in aiding, come to
the rescue; fut. -how.

aup-Bovdetw, (Act.) I give advice,
advise, counsel ; (Mid.) get advice,

-oup-trive, I drink with ;

VOCABULARY.

consult; fut. -evow, I aor, ovv-
efovAevoa,

avUp-Bovdos, -ov, m. a counsellor,
adutser.

oup-paxta, -as, f. alliance.

cup-paxopar, J fight along with,
help as an ally ; imperf. cuv-exape-
Env.

0 UpL-paxos, -ov, m. an ally.

oup-piyvupe (trans.) J mix together,
(intrans.) (1) unite with, (2) join in
battle; 1 aor. cuv-éméa, infin. cvp-
pifga.

oup-wréptrw, I send along with; fut.
-mépyo, I aor. cuv-erepa,

fut. -miopat,
2 aor. cuy-émor.

oup-rodifw, I entangle, hamper, lit.
‘tie the feet together,’ I aor. ouv-
erddioa.

oup-ropevopat, I march together,
accompany on a march ; fut, -wopev=
copat.

ovup-hépw, I bring together, collect.
Impers. oup-d€pa, it is profitable,
or advantageous.

oup-popa, -ds, f. lit. ‘a bringing
together,’ hence an event, esp. a
misfortune.

ovv, prep. with dat. only; the same
word as Lat. cum [«(c)dy, fdv, ovr).
I. together with, with, as oi civ
Baoirel, those with the king, i.e.
his attendants. So of things, otv
tois SwAas, furnished with their
arms, i.e. in arms. II. with the
help of, as ody Tois Oeois. In Com-
position, with, together.

ouv-dayw, I bring together, gather,
assemble ; fut. -dga, 2 aor. -#ya7yov.

avv-abpollw, J collect, or assemble to-
gether; fut. -a@poicw, 1 aor,

oa,

ovv-axohoviiw, J follow along with,
Sollow as a volunteer.

ouv-akotw, I hear, hear one another,
(GAAnAwy.)

ouv-avrae, I fall in with, meet, (with
dat.); fut. -avriom.

VOCABULARY,

ovv-am-eypu, J go away with, imperf.
“ev.

ouv-Siaxw, J join in pursuit; fat.
-bivfo.

ovv-eGifw, (Act.) Z accustom, (Pass.)
become used to, I aor. opt. our-
eQabeinv.

ovv-eiheypat, perf. pass. of cvd-A€yw.

ovv-es-épxopat, I enter with; 2
aor. -nAOov.

ovv-eis-rritrtw, I rush together into;
fut. -3ecodpa:, 2 aor. -emecor.

guv-éxapwa, I aor. act. of ovy-
KAPTTO.

ovv-ex-BiBalw, J help in bringing out,
lit. ‘join in making come out.’

ovv-éxpayov, 2 aor, of auy-«pa tw,

ovv eXeyny, 23 aor. pass. Of avA-
Aeyo.

ovv-éXeyov, imperf. act. of cvA-A€ yw.

ouv-tAeEa, I aor, act. of avA-Aéyw

ouv-épita, 1 aor. act. of cup-piyvupt.

guv-etraivew, J consent, agree to; fut.
~€maivéow, I aor. -emyveca,

guv-emt- omeviw, I help to force on-
wards; 1 aor. -éorevoa.

ovv-erodioa, I aor, act, of cup-
rodifw.

ovv-éropat, I follow along with
(with dat.); fut. -€~opar.

ouv-er-opvupt, I swear besides.

ovv-eopunkev, pluperf. ind. of cup-
pew.

ovv-épxopat, I come together, meet ;
2 aor. -HAGov.

ouv-ySopat, J rejoice with one, con-
gratulate.

ovv-Onpa, -aros,n. an agreement; a
watchword,

ovv-lornpt, (trans.) I place with, in-
troduce; fut. ov-aTqGo, 1 aor. cuv-
éornoa, (intrans.) stand together,
make a stand, 2 aor, -éorqv, perf.
~éoTnka.

ovv-opooyéw, J agree to (with acc.
of thing), Z agree with (with dat.
of person) ; imperf. -mpoddyour.

ouv-tartw, J draw up in battle array;
fut. -ragw, 1 aor. cuv-érafa.

™

Q

225

ouv-rinps, (Act.) I put together,
(Mid.) make an agreement; fut.
-Onow.

ouv-tpéxw, I run together; 2 aor.
auv-édpayov.

ovv-tpiBw, I crush; fut. -rpiv.

Zvpia, -as, f. Syria, on the Levant, or
east end of the Mediterranean. In
Xenophon’s time it included the
country east of the Euphrates, which
was not called Mesopotamia till
after the conquests of Alexander.

ov-ppéw, J flow or flock together ;
fut. -pevooyar, pf. ouv-eppinka, 2
aor. pass. cuv-eppinv.

ov-oxevalw, I pack up baggage; fut.
~dow, perf. pass. cvv-eoxevacpat.

ov-cKnvos, -ov, dwelling in the same
tent. a ten'-mate. (oxnvn, a tent.)

ou-crovdalw, J unite in zeal with,
(lit. ‘make haste together with,’)
share in one’s zeal.

ov-orpatevopar, J serve in the army
with, join in an expedition; fut.
eevoopat.

ovu-orpatomed.vopar, J encamp along
with, imperf. ovv-earparomedevépny.

opayafopat, J sacrifice; fut. opa-
yagopat.

ooayiov, -ov, n. a victim. (apata,
J slay.)

ohdfw, and oditta, J sacrifice; fut.
opagw, pf pass. érparyyai, 1 aor.
pass. éopayénv.

odevdovaw. J sling; fut -now.

od:vddvn, -7s, f. a sling, also a stone
from a sling.

odevSovijtys, -ov, m. a slinger.

opddpa, (adv.) very, exceedingly,

oxedov, (adv.) almost, nearly,

oxetv, 2 aor. infin. of éxw.

oX7oTe, fut. act. of xm,

oxifw, J cleave; fut. oxtow, pf. pass.
éoxio pa.

oxoddfw, I have leisure; fut. oxo-
Adow, (ox0AH.)

oxoAalws, (adv.) leisurely, slowly.

oXoAH, -fs, f. leisure; (dat. exodq,
at leisure, leisurely, or slowly.)

226

oX, cxav, 2 aor. subj. and part. of
éxo.

awlw, I save, keep safe, preserve,
(Pass.) J return safely; fut. cwow, 1
aor. €owoa, perf. pass. céowopat, I
aor. pass. éowOnv: owleyv eis, to
bring safely to a place.

Swxparys, -ovs, m. Socrates, the
philosopher, who taught Xenophon
and Plato: he lived through all the
flourishing time of Athens, from
B.c. 469 to 399, when he was un-
justly condemned to drink henilock.

wpa, -aros, n. a body.

o@os, (contr. o@s, omy), safe, um-
injured.

Twrnp, Hpos, m. a saviour, preserver.
(ow (w, I save.)

owrnpia, -as, f. safety. preservation.

Surnpibdys, -ov, m. Sorérides, a native
of Sicyon, near Corinth.

awdhpovéw, J am of sound mind, am
wise; behave well, am obedient.

a VE

rdAavrov, -ov, n. lit. ‘a balance,’
hence a talent of gold, about
£250. A talent contained sixty
minae (£4); each mina contained
100 drachmae.

. TaEs, -ews, f. order, battle array, al
rageis, the ranks, (7attw, I ar-
range).

Tdaoxor, -wv, m. the Téochi, a hill-
tribe to the north of Armenia,
now Georgia.

rapattw, J throw into disorder, dis-
turb; fut. rapdgw, perf. pass. rera-
paryyas.

T4paxosg, -ov, m. confusion, disorder.

Tapoot, -dy, Tarsi, or Tarsus, the
capital of Cilicia, on a rich plain
by the river Cydnus (I.93). Here
Shalmaneser, King of Assyria, is
said to have established himself, after
his conquests in Asia Minor. Tarsus
is best known as the birthplace of
St. Paul, who claimed the freedom

VOCABULARY.

granted to the city by Augustus.
It was an important seat of
philosophy and learning from the
second century B.c. downwards.

tattw, I arrange, draw up in line,
order; fut. ragw, I aor. €raga,
perf. pass. Teraypat, I aor. pass.
é7axOnv.

Tatra, n. pl. of odros, these things.

tavra, for 7d aia, the same things.

tavrov (instead of rav7d) =70 abré,
the same.

Taos, -ov, m. a tomb,
bury.)

tadpos, -ou, f. a ditch, trench.

TaXa, = TAX EWS.

taxews, (adv.) guickly, soon; comp.
@acaor, superl. raxaTa.

TAXUS, -efa, -¥, guick, swift; comp.
Gacowy, sup, TAXLOTOS.

Taxv, quickly. (ds Taxiora as quickly
as possible ; éwel TaXicTa, as soon
as.) ;

te, and, (re.. «al, both . . and.)

tTeSappyka, perf. act. of Bappéw.

7éOvyKa, perf. act. of OrnoKw.

Té8pappar, perf. pass. of rpépw..

teiva, I stretch, extend; fut. red,
perf. réraxa, perf. pass. 7évGpyat.

raxifo, I build a wall, fortify.
(retxos, a wall.)

TelXOS, -ovs, n. a wall, fortress,

teXevratos, -a, -ov, last. (réAos, an
end.)

tehevtaw, I end, finish, (sc. Biov, I
die); lit. ‘end my life.’

TéXos, -ous, 0. an end, (TéAOS. accus.,
at last.)

téava, J cut; fut. reud, perf. ré
Tunka, 2 aor. érapoy.

téraypat, perf. pass. of rarra.

vTérapat, perf. pass. of reiver,

térapTos, -n. -ov, fourth,
rerpaxis-x(Atot, -ai, -a, four-thou-
sand,

tTetpaxdcrot, -ai, -a, four-hundred.

tTétpu par. perf, pass of titpwoka.

TeTTapakovra, forty.

rérrapes, -a, four.

(Oanrw, J

VOCABULARY,

Téxvn, -7/8, f. art, contrivance,

Texvik@s, (adv.) artfully, skilfully.
(réxvn, art.)

aykw, I melt; 1 aor. érnéa, perf.
(intrans.) térnKa, I am melted.

TyAcBéas, -ov, m. the Teleboas, a river
of Armenia (V. 88).

THpepov, (adv.) to-day.

TiBapyvot, -av. m. the Tibaréni, a
people in Pontus, west of the
Chalybes.

Tiypys, -nros, m. the Tigres or Tigris,
one of the great rivers of Assyria,
east of the Euphrates. Within the
last 700 years it has changed its
course near its mouth, and joined
the Euphrates.

tlOnpr, I put, set, place ; fut. Ono,
perf. 7éQecea, I aor. €Onxa, plur.
from 2 aor. €Oepev, etc. (TidcoOat
7a dma, to ground arms, i.e. halt,
or take up a position.)

Tipactwv, -wrvos, m. Timasion, a
native of Dardanus, and an officer
in the Greek army (VI. 159).

Tipde, I honour, esteem, value; fut.
Tipnow. (Tin, honour.)

Tin, -78, f. honour, price, estimation,

tiwtos, -a, -ov, valuable. (Tinh,
price.)

tirwpéw, (Act.) I avenge, with dat.
of person; (Mid.) I avenge myself
on, punish, with acc., fut. -7ow.

TiptBafos, -ov, m. Tiribazus, a satrap
of Western Armenia (V. 89).

Tis, Tt, gen. vwods, (indef. pron.)
one, a certain one, some. (ei Tus, if
anyone; motds Tis; what sort of
person ? wm, at all; lit. ‘in any-
thing.’)

tis, ri, (interrog. pron.) who? what?
(ri, why ? lit. ‘ for what’ ?)

Ticcadépvys, -ovs, m. Tissaphernes,
the wiliest of the Persians. He
was at first satrap of Lydia, Ionia,
and Caria, but had to give over
the Ionian towns to Cyrus; hence
he was a bitter enemy of Cyrus
and his army. The king gave

927

him his daughter in marriage as
a reward for his services, but he
was eventually executed through
the influence of Parysatis, the queen-
mother, in revenge for the death of
Cyrus, her favourite son (B.C. 395.)

Titpdokw, I wound; fut. tpwow,
perf. pass. Térpwya:, I aor. pass.
érpa nv.

TOL, in truth, verily, assuredly.

Totvuv, therefor -e, then.

rovdaSe, Todde, Todvbe, of such kind,
such,

Tolodtos, TolavTn, ToLovTO, such,
(strengthened form of rotos, and not
compounded with otros).

roApdw, I dare venture, have the
courage; fut. -now, perf. reroApnka.
(réApn, daring.)

Toteupa, an arrow, lit. ‘that which is
shot from a bow.’ (rofevw.)

tokevw, I shoot with a bow. (réfov,
a bow.)

toférys, -ov, m. a bowman, archer.
(réfov, a bow.)

tétros, -ov, m. a place, spot, locality.

TogovTos, Toda’Tn, TogovTO, so
great, of such a size. toaovTw,
with comparative, by so much;
(lengthened form of régos, not
compounded with of7os).

Tore, (adv.) then, at that time. (Tore

pév.. tote 5€, at one time..at
another.)

Toamela, -ns, f. a table.

Tpamefots, -odvros, m. and f,

Trapezus, a town in Pontus, on the
Euxine, now Trebisond.
TpaxyAos, -ov, m. the neck.

tpaxus, -ela, -v, rough, rugged;
harsh.
Tpeis, tpla, three. (Lat. tres.)

TpéTrw, I turn, put to flight, rout; fut.
Tpéfw, 1 aor. Erpepa, perf. pass.
TéTpappat, I aor. pass. érpéepOyy,
2 aor. pass. érpdmny.

tpépw, I nourish, rear, support; fut.
Ope, perf, pass, TéPpaypar, 2 aor
pass. érpapny.

Q2

228

tpéxw, I run; fut. Spapyodpat, 2 aor.
é5papor, perf. de5paunra,

Tplakovta, thirty.

Tplakdotot, -a, -a, three-hundred.

TpLNpNS, -ous, f. (sc. vats) a trireme ;
lit. a ship with three banks of oars.

Tpinptrns, -ov, m. a trireme-man,
sailor.

TpiTAaovos, -a, -ov, thrice as much.

tpltrous, -rouv, (gen. -rodos) having
three feet, a three-legged table (sc.
Tpame(a).

tpls, (adv.) three times, thrice.

Tpis-aopevos = Tpis dopevos,
glad ; lit. ‘ thrice-pleased.’

tptg-x(Aton, -au, -a, three-thousand.

tplros, -7, -ov, third. (1d rtpitor,
Sor the third time.)

TpLxy, (adv.) in three divisions, three-
old.

very

tpt-xolvikos, -ov, containing three
choenices, or quarts. A quart of
flour, or quartern loaf, was a man’s
daily allowance.

Tpétatoy, -ov, n. a trophy.

Tpoth, -ns, f. a rout, defeat; lit. ‘a
turning to flight.’ (See tpémw.)

tpétros, -ov, m. means, manner; dis-

position, character. (révie ov
Tpémov, in this way.)

Tpopy, -fs, f. nourishment, food,
support. (rpépw, I nourish.)

Tpwds, -ddos, f. Troas, or the Troad,
the district round Troy in Mysia.
tuyxavw, I hit, get, obtain (with

gen.); fut. revgoua, perf. rerv-
xnka, 2 aor. Ervxov ; (with part.)
I happen, am at the time (doing), as
tTvyxava dw, I happen to be.
Tvuptaiov, -ov, n. T'yriaeum, a town
in Phrygia (I. 66).
Tupés, -0v, m. cheese.
TUpors, -ews, f. a tower. (Lat. turris.)
TUXy, -78, f. fortune chance.

y
iBplfw, I act insolently, or brutally ;

I aor. bpica, perf. pass, HBpiopat.
(iBpis, insolence.)

VOCABULARY,

iBpiorés, -7, -dv, brutal, insolent,
vicious. (pis, insolence.)

bypotns, -77TOos, f. suppleness. (iypds,
moist, hence supple.)

t5po-hopéw, J carry water.

tdpo-pépos, -ov, m. and f. a water-
carrier. (5wp, water, pépw, I
carry.)

Udwp, vddros, n. water.

vl6s, -ov, mM. a son.

vAn, -ns, f. a wood, forest,
silva.)

tpérepos, -a, ov, your, yours, (poss,
adj. from dpeés.)

tr-dye, ss lead on slowly; fut. -dgw,
2 aor. -#yayov, perf. pass. -fypat.

tr-alOptos, -ov, and -a, -ov, in
the open air. (itd, beneath, aidnp,
sky.)

tr-avridfw, I come, or go to meet.

im-apXxos, -ov, m. one commanding
under another; i.e. a lieutenant
governor.

t-dpxw, (1) Jam at the beginning,
am to start with, (2) with dat.
I am on the side of. (7a im
adpxovra, one’s means.)

tn-aomioTys, -ov, m. a shield-bearer.
(iwé, and dois, lit. ‘under a
shield.’)

trép, prep., with gen. and acc. (root
meaning over, Lat. super). I. with
gen. i, over, above, beyond ; ii.
in behalf of, for, in the name of.
II. with acc. i, of motion, over, or
beyond; ii. of numbers, beyond,
more than, In Composition, over,
overmuch,

trep-Balvew, I cross over; fut. -Bhoo-
pat, 2 aor. -€Bny.

trep-BadrAw, (intrans.) g° or pass
ob ve -Bara, 2 aor. -€BaXor.

tare , “Hs, f. a crossing, pass.
(bmép, Badd.)

imep-qprovs, -v, above half, more
than half.

trrep-tipndos, -ov, exceeding high.
(See birép in Composition.)

tr-eoxopny, 2 aor, of im-icxvéopat.

(Lat.

VOCABULARY.

bnr-€xa, I undergo, submit to; fut. i¢-
egw, ot Um0-aX7w, 2 aor. Un-ETXOV.

tr-yK00s, -ov, obedient, subject ; lit.
‘giving ear to” (from od, and
dxovw),

tm-npetéw, I assist (with dat.). (imn-
perns, an assistant ; lit. ‘an under-
rower,’ from épérns, a rower.)

bm-toxveopat, I promise, undertake ;
fut. bmo-oXHTopAL, perf. t1-éox7-
pat, 2 aor. tr-eoxdpyny.

Umvos, -ov, m. sleep.

t6, prep. with gen., dat., and acc.
(same word as Lat. sub). I. with
gen. i. under, hence ii. by, of the
agent after passive verbs; so of
things, by reason of, from, as tm
poBov, from fear. II. with dat.,
under, hence subject to, aS wrod
Baotre?. III. with acc. i. of motion,
under, close to; ii. of time,
towards, as umd vuxKTa, towards
night, at nightfall. (Lat. sub noctem.)
In Composition, uzder, also secretly,
gradually.

tro-5€xopat, I receive, welcome ; fut.
-dé€fopa.

tro-5éw, I bind or tie under, (iT0-
Sedepevor, with their shoes on, lit.
‘having their [shoes] bound under
their feet].’)

t16-5ypa, -atos, n, a sandal, lit.
‘something bound under [the feet].’

tro-Lvyiov, -ov, n. lit. ‘under the
yoke,’ i.e. a beast of burden, baggage-
animal,

tro-Aeirw, (Act.) I leave behind,
(Mid.) Ilag behind; 2 aor. im-édutrov.

tro-hbw, I loosen, unfasten; fut.
-AUcw.

brro-péve, I Pai behind; fut. -pevd.

tr-onTeva, I suspect, Lat. suspicio.
(imd, and dyis, sight.)

tro-orpépw, I turn back, return;

fut. ~oTpeye, 2 aor. pass. om-
eoTpagny.

brr-oipia, -as, f. suspicion, ene and
ois, sight.)

torepatos, -a, -ov, the day cae: Th

229

torepaig, sc. Huépa, on the nex
day. (varepos.)
torepos, -a, -ov, later, after, behind.
torepov, (adv.) afterwards.
th-repny, imperf. mid. of dp-inyu.
tp-inpt, (Act.) I send or put under,
(Mid.) I grant, yield, submit; fut.
ip-jow, perf. pass. -efpar.
to-tornpt, (trans.) I place under.
(intrans.) 2 aor. dméagrny and pass
I undertake, withstand, face ths
enemy, stand my ground,
tipnAds, -7, -dv, high, lofty.
Uipos, -ous, n. height,

®,

dayeiv, 2 aor. with pres. éo6iw.

gatve, (Act.) I show; (Mid.) I ap-
pear; fut. pava, 1 aor. épnva, perf.
pass. mépac pat, 2 aor. pass. epiivyy.
paivera elvat, he seems to be; but
gpaivera wy, he clearly is.

adayt, -ayyos, f. a phalanx, line of
battle, (as opp. to column),

Padivos, -ov, m. Phalinus, a Greek
from Zacynthus, now Zante, one of
the Ionian islands.

havepds, -d, -dv, manifest, visible,
clear, (qaivo.)

davepds, (adv.) clearly, evidently.

dappakov, -ov, n. medicine, drug,
hence poison.

PapvaBalos, -ov, m. Pharnabazus,
satrap of Phrygia and Bithynia
(VilI= 2);

Paciavol, -dv, pl. m. the Phasiani.
(1) an Armenian tribe dwelling on
the Araxes, which Xenophon calls
the Phasis (V. 178). (2) a tribe
dwelling on the Colchian Phasis
(VE 41).

dact, 3 pl. pres. ind. of pnypé.

Pacts, -i50s, m. the Phasis, (1) a
river in Armenia, flowing into the
Caspian Sea, properly called the
Araxes (V. 176). (2) a river in
Colchis, flowing westwards into the
Euxine (VI. 210).

230

paokw, I say, assert, only used in
part. paoxay and imperf. &packov :
see pnp.

bépw, J bear, bring, carry; lead (ofa
road); fut. oiow, perf. éyjnvoxa,
perf. pass. évnveypat, I aor. Aveyxa,
2 aor. (in I pers. sing.) Aveyxor.
(xadren@s pépw, I take it ill, am
annoyed.)

pevyw, I flee; am banished, hence
6 pevywy, an exile; fut. pevfoua,
perf. mépevya, 2 aor. épvyov.

pnpi, I say; fut. pjow, 2 aor. pny
and elmov, perf. eipnxa, perf. pass.
eipnuat, I aor. pass. éppnOnv. The
part. is often @doxwv, and the
imperf. €packov, See pdoxw. (ov
gnu, I say no, ice. I deny, re-
Suse.)

pOdvw, I get before, anticipate, over-
take ; fut. pOjcopat, 1 aor. épOdva.

p0eyyopat, J utter a word, shout, cry,
sound (of a trumpet); fut. pOéyfo-
Hat, I aor. épOeyéaunv.

0ovéw, I envy, grudge, (with dat.),
fut. -7ow,

piddn, -7s, f. a cup, goblet, (hence
phial.)

prdéw, I love; fut. gijow, (pidos,
dear.)

piria, -as, f. friendship. (idAos,
dear.)

Arkds, -7, -dv, friendly.

piAtkds, (adv.) on friendly terna.

lAtos, -a, -ov, friendly.

Prddkevos, -ov, m. Philoxénus, a brave
Greek from Pelléne in Achaia.
iAo-mwdAenos, -ov, fond of war.

(pidos, and méAepuos, war.)

didos, -7, -ov, dear, beloved, hence
pidos, -ov, m. a friend.

giAo-orpatuorys, -ov, m, a soldiers’
Sriend, (idos, and orpariwrns, a
soldier.)

Pdrdo10s, -a, -ov, Phliasian, or
inhabitant of Phlius, a town in
Argolis.

_ oBepds, -d, -dv, fearful, dreadful.

(p6Bor, fear.)

VOCABULARY.

oBéw, (Act.) I frighten; (Mid.) I
fear; fut. poBnow.

$oBos, -ov, m. fear, alarm, fright.

Powtkn, -ns, f. Phoenicia, the coast of
Syria from the river Orontes on the
north to Mount Carmel in the south.
Its two chief towns were Tyre and
Sidon, (lit. ‘ the palm-country,’ from
poimg, a palm-tree.)

dowtxtos, -a,-ov, red, purple. (poiné,
purple.)

otwk, -ixos, m. the palm-tree, (also
purple).

Poivik, -ixos, a Phoenician (I. 66).

palo, I say, tell; fut. ppacw, perf.
meppaxa,

bpéap, -aros, n. a well.

dpovipus, (adv.) prudently, sensibly,
(adv. of dpovipos, prudent).

poupés, -ov, m. a guard.

ppvyavov, -ov, n. a faggot, in pl.
Jirewood.

Ppvyta, -as, f. Phrygia, originally the
whole interior of the western half
of Asia Minor, but extending on
the North-west to the Hellespont
and Propontis. In Xenophon’s time
this latter district was known as
Phrygia Minor, or Phrygia on the
Hellespont, while the interior pro-
vince was called Phrygia Major,
or simply Phrygia.

uyds, -idos, m. an exile. (pevyw,
I flee.)

bvyn, -is, f. flight, banishment,

pvdrAaKH, -fs, f. watch, guard, (pvda-
Kas pudarrey, to keep watch.)

$5dak, -dxos, m. a guard, sentinel,

puA\dtTw, fut. pvddtw, perf. pass.
mepbrAaypat, (Act.) I guard; (Mid.)
I am on my guard, am ware of.

guodw, I blow up, inflate; fut.
pvonow, I aor. pass. épvonOny.

iw, I produce, beget; fut. piow,
(intrans.) pf. mépdxa, 2 aor. Epuy,
I am born, am by pool

cy -js, f. a voice, speech.

Toahoerec, n. (contr, from dos),
light.

VOCABULARY,

X.

xalpw, I rejoice, am glad; fut. yar-
pnow, perf. Kexapnea, 2 aor. pass.
éxapny,

XaAerraivw, J am angry, am provoked,
(with dat.)

xaderés, -7, -dv, hard, difficult, (of
character) harsh.

xaderr&s, (adv,) with difficulty, (xa-
Aen@s pépery, lo take it ill.)

XaAkeos, -a, -ov, (contr.) xadkots,
-j, -ovv, made of bronze or copper.
(xaAxkés.)

XaAK6s, -od, m. copper, bronze. .

XaAvBes, -wy, pl. m. the Chalybes,
a people in Pontus, north of Ar-
menia, famed for their iron mines
(V. 177).

xapadpa, -as, f. a gully, ravine.

Xaptes, -ecoa, -ev, graceful, neat,
clever. (xapis, grace.)

xapllopar, I gratify, favour, oblige ;
I aor. €xaprodunv, perf. Kexa-
piopat,

Xapts, -cTos, f. favour, thanks, grati-
tude, amodiddvac xapw, to return
a favour; éxew xapy, to feel
grateful.

Xappivos, -ov, m. Charminus, a
Lacedaemonian envoy (VII. 328).
Xetpov, -Gvos, m. (1) winter. (2)
wintry weather, a storm. (Lat.

hiems.)

xelp, xeipos, f. a hand; dat. pl. xepoi.

Xeipiacodos, -ov, m. Cheirisophus, a
Spartan general under Cyrus.

xelpwv, -ov, used as comp. of xaxés,
worse, inferior. (xélpw for xetpova,
acc. sing. or neut. pl., xelpous for
xelpoves or xelpovas.)

Xeppovycos, or Xepadvyaos, f. the
Chersonese, in Thrace (I. 26, note)

xnrq, -fs, f. a pier, breakwater,
(shaped like a claw).

xAron, -at, -a, a thousand.

X'Ads, -od, m. fodder, grass.

XtTav, -Gvos, m. an under garment,
shirt, tunic, (Lat. tunica.)

231

Xtav, -dvos, f. snow.

xAapts, -t5os, f. a cloak.

XEpTos, -ov, m. grass, provender.

xpdopar, I use, employ, treat, deal
with, (with dat.); fut. xpyjoopar,
perf. kéypnuat, I aor. éxpnodny.

Xpy%, (impers.) it ts necessary, one
must, one ought; fut. xpyoe, im-
perf. éxphy.

XpP7pa, -aros, n. lit. ‘that which may
be used;’ generally in plural xpy-
pata, property, money. (xpdaopat, I
use.)

Xpnpatioticds, -7, -dv, (of an omen)
portending gain. (xphyara, money.)

Xpfivar, infin. of yp7.

Xpijo0a, pres. infin. of xpdopat.

Xpyoipos, -ov, useful, serviceable,
(xpaopar, I use.)

XpOvos, -ov, m. time; moAtv xpéovoy,

for a long time.

Xptceos, -a, -ov, (contr.) xpuvoods.
-fj, -ovv, golden. ( xpuads.)

Xpvotov, -ov, n. gold-money, (dimin.
of xpuaés.)

XpvodtoAts, -ews, f. Chrysopolis, a
city of Bithynia on the Bosporus,
now Scutari. (Lit. ‘the golden
city.’)

Xpvaos, -ov, m. gold.

X@pa, -as, f. a country, district, terri-
tory; also place, position.

xwpéw, I go, march, proceed; fut.
XwpHoo.

xwplov, -ov, n. a place, especially
fortified place, fort, position; also
space of ground, (dimin. of xwpa).

xwpts, (adv.) apart, separately.

Wertov, -ov, n. a bracelet.

WevSa, (Act.) I deceive; (Mid.) J lie,
play any one false; fut. Pevouw,
perf. pass, eWevopar, I aor. pass.
epedaOnyv.

Wyopilopar, J vole; 1 aor. éynprodpnv.
(Yipos, a pebble for voting.

Wurds, -7, -dv, bare ; light-armed,

232

podhéw, I make a noise, clash (of a
shield). (Yddos, noise.)

uxy, -ts, f. the soul, life.

pdxos, -ovs, n. cold.

n.

®, sign of the vocative.

ode, (adv.) thus, as follows (introduc-
ing a speech).

36n, -7s, f. a song, (contr. from
do.dn, from deidw, ddw, I sing.)

anOnv, I aor. pass. of ofopat.

a%ew, I push; fut. dow, perf, éwxa,
I aor. €woa, .

HMopds, -ov, m. a pushing, jostling.

@kovy, imperf. of oikéw,

@\eoa, I aor. act. of GAAUm.

AAP HY, imperf. mid. of CAAA.

@ASpqv, 2 aor. mid. of CAA.

Dpds, -7, -dv, raw; (of character)
savage, cruel.

pos, -ov, m. the shoulder.
umerus,)

Gpooa, I aor. act. of duvup.

wvéopat, I buy; fut. @vygopat, a aor.
émpiapnv, (See mptac@at.)

(Lat.

VOCABULARY,

@vios, -a, -ov, for sale. 1a wma,
commodities.

Bopny, imperf. of otopat.

Opa, -as, f. a season, hour, time, (Lat.
hora.)

Sppyoa, I aor. act. of dpydw.

Sppypar, perf. pass. of dpyaw.

Sppouv, imperf. act. of dpyéw.

Qppopyy, imperf. mid. of épydaw.

Spwpvypny, pluperf, pass. of dpvtrm.

@$, (conj.) (1) how, as, as if; with
infin. so as to. (2) that, in order
that. (3) since, because. With
numerals, about, as ws éxatdv, about
a hundred, With superlatives, as
ws raxtora, as quickly as possible.

aoavrws, (ady.) in like manner.

Gorep, just as tf, just as.

dove, (with Ind.) so that, (with Infin.)
SO as to.

otis, -f50s, f. a bustard.

Otés, gen. of ovs.

apedéw, I aid, help, benefit; imperf.
wpédrouv, fut. -yow. (Distinguish
from dpedov, 2 aor, of dpeiaw.)

HphArpos, -n, -ov, profitable, useful.
(axper€w.)

Oxopyy, imperf. of ofxopa.

GRAMMATICAL REGISTER.

The references are in all cases to the Notes; the more important are distinguished
by a difference of type.

Article.

Article distinguishing subject from
predicate, iii. 206; iv. 269;
viii. 319.

— possessive use of, 1.15; iii. 170;
iv. 933 viii, 160.

— separated from its noun by inter-
vening words, 1.1093; iv. 124;
viii. 141, 163.

— with infinitive, see Mood.

— with participle, iv. 943 vi. 133,
202; viii. 356.

— with as, iii. 112; vi. 137.

— with modts, v. 82; vi. 158.

Pronoun,

avTy and airn, v. 116.

avtos 6 and 6 abrés, i.209; iv. 1903
vii. 69, 254.

elow of, vi. 45.

éxetvos, v. 62.

i) i, f and 4, 7H, 7, vi. 268 ; vii. 201,

bots in indirect questions, iv. 233.

obroal, i. 248.

ravta and tava, i. 275.

TavrTdy, i. 198.

tis with accent thrown back from fol-
lowing word, viii. 161, 510.

Substantive.

Declension of ofs, Bods, etc., vii. 34.
Distinguish between : —
apiorov, Gporoy, iii, 1 5; vii. 168,
Bacirad, Baorela, i. g.
é0éAovras, éOeAovTds, vi. 295.

olor, otxot, i. 298,

dpos, dpos, v. 182.

pvudakds, pudaxas, vi. 4.
Meanings of :—

bmda = 6nAtrat, vii. 47.

7a émAa, ‘ quarters,’ iv. 4; vii. 162.

meATagTai and yYrrol, vi. 50.

mpoBoadn, vii. 206.

parayg, v. 3063 vii. 2023 viii.

268.

Verbal nouns in -ovs and in -pa, iv.
236.
CASE.

Attraction of relative, i, 2903; vii.
196; viii. 314.

— of nominative into relative clause,
viii. 526.

Nominative with infinitive, iv. 286;
vii. 283; vii. 31, 249.

Accusative, cognate, vi. 288.

— double, viii. 383.

— of respect, i. 262; iii.98; v. 126;
vi. 3453 viii. 136, 364

— of time, iv. 73.

Genitive, absolute, iv. Ior,

— of respect, v. 129.

— of time, iv. 255; v. 280; vii.
101, 163.

— partitive, iv.127; v. 66, 319; viii.
IIo.

Dative, as complement in apposition,
iv. 81; viii. 51.

— commodi, v. 9.

-— instrumental, iii. 135; vii. 147.

tavTn, 7, as local adverbs, v. 22, 71.

234

NuMBER.

Dual for emphasis, v.17; viii. 355.

Dual subject with plural verb, iv. 134;
v.17.

Dual adjective with plural noun, i.1;
iv. 279; viii. 135.

GENDER.
, aoe .
Tw as feminine dual, vi. 347.

Adjectives.
GAXos, vii, 122.
avTéparos, Vv. 9.
decvds, v. 208; viii. 207.
pécos, iv. 1725 Vv. 34.
ToAAOU Atos, ii. 135.
7H torepaia, etc., with noun omftted,
1227:
Prepositions,
dvd, distributive, iv. 178. ‘
— in composition, i. 7; v. 322.
ava. Kparos, ii. 5.
4nd, in composition, vii. 2733; viii.
145.221,
54, in composition, iv. 309; v. 10,
100 ; vi. 271; viii. 88, 184.
— with gen. versus acc., vil. 277 ;
viii. 478.
eis, with numerals, vii. 140.
éx, of time or consequence, i. 85,179;
viii, 146, 498.
— ‘pregnant’ use of, i. 88,
éx naléwy, iv, 201,
év, of time, vi. 15, 72, 174.
émi, with gen. ‘on a base of,’ i. 71,
— with dative :—
— purpose, i, 276; vi. 1£; vii. 133,
303.
— condition, iv. 350; vi. 201.
— with acc. :—
— extent, vii. 120.
— object or aim, iv. 209; vi. 16;
vii. 153, 2373 Vili. 423.
— in composition, iv. 232.
xara, with gen., vii. 230.
— with acc. (distributive force), iy.
2313 viii. 100,
wata Kpa7os, ii, 53; viii. 518.

GRAMMATICAL REGISTER.

pera, with acc. versus gen, i. 1283
viii. 229.
mapa, with dat., iv. 286.
— with acc. :—
— ‘beside,’ i, 3223; motion to, iv.
318; ‘along,’ vii. 82.
— comparison, viii. 405.
— ‘contrary to,’ iii. 75; iv. 763 vii
290.
~— in composition, vii. 200, 207; viii.
108,
mepi, with acc., of behaviour ‘to,’ viii.
Pence edee
of epi, with acc., viii. 290.
mpos, with gen., v. 56.
mpos Oe@v, viii. 72.
— with dat. versus acc., viii. 389.
ov, iv. 128.
ind, in comp,, iv. 219.

Verbs.
Compound verbs in -éw, iii, 23; in
-dw, iii. 187.

’ Transitive and Intransitive :—

éxw, iv. 2; vii. 147.
torn, i. 205 ; ii. 993 V. 339.
mpatTa, iv. 19 ; vii. 8o.

Passive supplied by other verbs :-—
aipéw, dAlicxopat, vii. 5, 271.
dmoxreivw, amoOvnckw, vii. 223;

viii, 284.
SiafiBalw, diaBaive, viii. 111.
éxBadAw, éxninra, vi. 57 3 viii. 139,
macXw, Torew, viii. 198,
TiOnwt, petpat (and compounds), iii
207; vii. 221; viil. 59.

Peculiar meanings :—
dvayryveonw, i. 237; vi 267.
dnoBAérw, viii. 145.
biaBddAdAw, i, 12.

Siapépopat, viii. Q7.
donéw, iii. 75.
émridepat, vii. 20.
aio, viii. 274.

kapve, vi. 268.
rappeyyvaw, vii, 186,
mponive, viii. 218,
ovoreva Copan, viii. 176.
imdpym, vi. 172+

GRAMMATICAL REGISTER.

Phrases: —éyew alriayv, viii. 368;
éxew mpaypara, vi. 131; Bixnv
Sodva, vi. 252; Sixny émbeiva,
i. 134; Slenyv Exe, viii. 308.

bey bpdyy, ii. 54; vii. 206.

GécOa SmAa, i, 242; v. 54; vi.
63; vii.1723 viii. 55.

noeiv AdxoY, Vi. 36.

mpoBadéaba Ta dna, i. 82.

Construction of dxovw, with gen., ii.

AMG. Tye Vis LOLs

xXpdopar, with dat., vi. 228,
Distinguish between :—

a@yvum, dyw (in certain tenses), iv.

noe aS os

aipw, aipéw, i. 203.

aitéw, aitidopat, iv. 21, 273.

airéw, épwrdw, iii, 42.

drobiSpacnw, dmoperyw, i, 172.

Soxéw, paivopar. vi. 226.

eivi, yiyvouwa, iv. 125; viii. 16.

elrrov, eiouny, ii. 158.

cipyw, épyaCopua, vii. 77.

éviorapa, épiornu, iv. 6g, 148.

éoracar, €arnoay, i. 196.

fa, Hoy, v. 150.

Ho, “pxopai, viii, gt.

hpouny, npovynv, i. 814; iv. 24;

viii. 136.

HoOnv, nodopny, ii. 91; vi. 13.

AXOnY, HXOduNY, Vii. 135.

Aeyo, Any, iv. 31.

olSa, yeyviorw, Vv. 190 ; vi. 194.

Oppdw, dppéw, i. 161 ; iv. 204.

prouv, exdpny, i. 169; Vv. 234.

Voice.

Active and Middle (difference of) :—
alpéw, iv. 643 vii, 51. 271,
dytve, iii. 55.
drodidapu, viii gg.

AapBava, v. 265.
mropevw. iii. 141,
ovpBovrcta, iv. 143 vili. 499.
Tipwpéw, i, 151; viii. 306.
poBéw, v. 145.
puddtro, i. 273; iii. gt.
Perf. passive in middle sense, v. 1323
vi. 39, 40; vii. 88 :

435

Moon.

Indicative for Optative in reported
speech, ii. 5, 1253 viii. 32.
Subjunctive after compounds of ay, iii.

673 Vv. 242; vii. 28, 310; viii.
243, 418.
Optative in reported speech, vi. 8;
viii. 304, 461.
— =past subjunctive, iv. 123 vi. 108.
— deliberative, viii. 223, 379, 525.
—in indefinite or uncertain state-
ment, vi. 181; vii. 92, 235.
— indirect question, iv, 282; viii.
214, 342.
— statement, viii. 344.
— for fut. indicative, viii. 463.
Fut. Opt. in reported speech, iv. 289.
Forms in -oinv, -gny, iii. 1333 vi.
281.
Infinitive with article, i. 24; iii. 196;
IV-.97 ¢.¥1. 3013) vil. Ta.
— with ay, i. 117.
— of purpose, v. 158; vii. gO, 115,
265 ; viii. 227.
Participle with aicxvvopai, i. 215; iv,
38.
Aavldva, viii, 251.
Tuyxava, iv. 5, 330.
oida. etc., i. 119 ; ii. 108 ; vii. 269;
viii. 377.
— =conjunction and verb, i. 261;
viii, 81.
— Imperfect, viii, 38, 101; Future,
vii. 16; viii. 71, 79, 360.
éfdv, iv. 55; éxdpuevos, ii. 24 exwr,
iv. 260; pepdpevos, v. 273.
Verbal adjective, iv. 142; v. 238; vii.
185,
TENSE.

Present historical, i. 1; ii. 79; v.
296.

— nasalised, i. 1875 vi. 214.

— with madai, v. 310.

Imperfect, general force, iii. 28; iv,
175; v.98; vi. 289; vii. 5, 74;
Vili. 210, 272, 545.

— versus Aorist, vii, 212, 274, 312

236

Aorist rendered by pluperfect, i. 254;
Me L1Sinv..14 0:

Paulo-post Future, iii. 77.

Tenses of Aéyw = ‘speak,’ and ‘gather,’
v. 6.

Augment in éxabe(ouny, etc., iv. 62;
V. 1413 vill. 223.

Conjuuctions.

Combined with dy, see Subjunctive.

ei, €dv (forms ‘of conditional sentence),
iv.113 ; viii.52, 148, 155, 409.

énei, v. 173; émedyn, vi. 367; viii.
16.

gore, iv. 221.

éws, with pres. and aor,, vi. 321; vii.
205.

iva, viii. 184,

énére, with opt., v. 219.

bmws, iv. 54.

mpiv, with opt., viii. 484.

— in sentence with mpdadey, iv. 121.

ws, with fut. part., ii. 70; v. 2; viii.
115.

— with superlative, v. 185 ; vi. 361.

— with numerals, iv. 293; viii. 534.

— =‘as if,’ viii. 15.

WomTep, V. 20.

wore, with indic., v.93; vi. 47; with
infin., viii. 522.

Adverbs,
del, iv. 127; v. 287.

av7ov, vii. 174.
éyyus, comparison of, viii. 521.
Hon, viii. 255, 497-
ovdapq, worAax7h, etc., viii. 186,
mAnoaioy, i. 109; viii. 524.
Distinguish between :—

bpws, dpoiws, iv. 37.

mo, mou, vii. 85,
Adverbs in -6ev, vi. 229; in -é, vi.

3°94, 354:

GRAMMATICAL REGISTER.

Particles.
GAA, iii. 131; v.217; vi. 258, 270,
vii. 300.
GAAG pHy, vi. 258, 317.
GAAG .. . pév, viii. 367.
dv, with relative pron., i. 175.
See forms of cone
ditional sentence,
iv. 113.
— with infin., iv. 123; vil. 141.
arap, v. 199
¥€. vi. 246; viii. 373, 387.
bn, iii. 210; iv. 8, 263, 3553 vii.
229; viil. 419.

H uy, iii. 60.

kai, senses of, i. 213 iii. 32; iv. 843
Vii. 305 ; viii. 320.

—— =" Of, V. 2235) Vie Jil.

wal Odp, vi. 285; vii. 135.

nal. , . 8é, iv. 217; v. 196.

kal 5n, iii. 180; vi. 241.

kal pny, i, 300.

kal Tas, v. 216,

pév... 8é, iv. 453 vii. 161, 1903

viii, 294.
pev 87, iv. 8.
pev ovv, ii. 83; iii, 129; vi.
viii. 346.
pévro, Vv. 207; Vii.

— with past indic,
— optative.

1443
19. 2723: viii.

ovr, i. 6,
te... kal, viii. 358.

Negatives.

pn, after verbs of hindering, etc., iv,
242; v. 310.

— with participle, v. 123.

Bh versus ov, Vv. 202; vi. QI, 240;
vili, 121.

o¥8é, vi. 265; vii. 145.

ov pny, viii. 420.

ovn-80éAw, i, 127.

ov-pnmt, iv. 278; vii. 141.

Multiplied negatives, i. 141; ii. 59.

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