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WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 24, 1904

The State of New York has published tne
third and fourth volumes of tha Ecclesias-
tical Records, a work of greatest value to
historical students and to all interested in
genealogical research. Hon. Hugh Hast-

• ingB, the State historian, has given
students of the sources of our
country's history much cause for grati-
tude in the able and devoted manner In
which he has compiled and supervised the
publication of these old documents. They
are arranged in chronological order, under
the heads of the respective governors and
constitute an invaluable summary of the
history of the provincial period of the
present Empire State. -The two volumes
just issued comprehend the period from
1701 to 1750 inclusive, the first half of the
eighteenth century and the amount of his-
tory at first hand herein contained is
enormous. The development of historical
research In these days, under the stimulus
to great extent of the growth of genealogi-
cal study, makes such works as this of
the greatest usefulness; they form worthy

/porhplements of the series of New York
State publications relating to the early
wars, to the Revolutionary period, etc.,
which under Mr. Hastings's direction have
reflected great honor on the State which so
generously provides for the placing on
permanent record and within the reacli of
all the valuable archives and facts in its
posses.sion. Would that other States might
do as well, particularly some of the origin-
al thirteen. We have valuable works of
this nature from New Hampshire and
Rhode Island, as well as in our own Com-
monwealth, where the publication of the
Bradford History of Plymouth Plantation
and the series of Revolutionary Soldiers'
and Sailors' records are of greatest benefit,
but there Is room for much more and we
hope in good time to have more of our
Colonial records, papers and archives pub-
lished for general circulation.

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:vV YORK

LIBRARY

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M^'^ -AMSTERDAM a ^/^tal/ {V/y ,n AfanA^i/fa// Infant/, A'r- //r//^ut./ .
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THE NSW YORK

PUBLIC LIBRARY

ASTOR, LENOX AND
TiLDcN FOU--DATIQNS.

Ecclesiastical Records

State of New York

Published by the State under the s«pefvision of
HUGH HASTINGS,. State Historian

Volume I

ALBANY

JAMES B. LYON, STATE PRINTER

J90J

Checked

■ NEW YOi. :

::LIBRAh:

188488

,LEMOX AND

. '■",',■'■■:> AT IONS

PREFACE.

Hon. Timothy L. Woodbuff, Lieutenant-Governor of the State of
New York, Senate Chamber, Albcmy, N. Y.

Sir: Herewitii I have the honor to submit to the Legislature
the copy of two volumes of records relating to the ecclesiastical
history of the State of New York, which by legislative enactment
have been prepared under the supervision of the State Historian.
The active prosecution of this work has been conducted, however,
by the Rev. Edward T. Cor-wdn, D. D., whose long residence in Hol-
land and thorough knowledge of the Dutch language, well qualify
him for the important task he has undertaken. Since 1841, when
the State of New York dispatched John Romeyn Brodhead to
Europe to collect documents affecting the history of this State, an
impression has prevailed that Dutch correspondence of a price-
less value bearing upon our colonial times, had been careleesly
destroyed a hundred years ago. Dr. Corw^n's researches, which
were prosecuted through the generosity of the Synod of the
Dutch Reformed Church, have fortunately exploded this fallacy
by the results w'hich he produces in the two accompanying
volumes.

The general plan of the work contemplated an ecclesiastical his-
tory of New York, embracing every denomination, each secular
narrative told by a representative member of the denomination,
from the earliest Dutch times. To that end copious extracts from
colonial and documentary records have been taken and utilized,
and in order to forge missing links to the chain, quotations from
standard religious publications have been made.

Pbefacb.

The firat appropriation for this work was given by the Legis-
lature of 1899, and reads as follows:

" For translation of copied documents in the possession of
ecclesiastical archives of Amsterdam and the Hague, relating
to the colonial history of the state of New York, and for their
preparation for publication, the sum of five thousand dollars, or
as much thereof as may be necessary, said work to be done under
the general direction of the state historian."

By July 1, 1899, all the preliminaries having been made under
the advice and with the co-operation of Attorney-General Jokn C.
Davles and the State Comptroller, the late Colonel William J.
Morgan, both of whom evinced earnest interest in the undertak-
ing, the work of translating and transcribing the records began
and has been pushed with energy, consistent with accuracy, ever
since. The laborious effort necessary in putting into English,
records of this character, can only be understood by those who
have had experience in handling them. The volumes now sul>-
mitted to the Legislature represent fifty per cent, of the entire
material in hand, and cover the period from 1621 to -1700. The
matter involved embraces the period of Dutch rule, the conquest
of the Dutch by the English, the temporary reversion to Dutch
rule, the restoration of the English domination and the Leisler
rebellion. Light is thrown upon many religious propositions for

the first time.

During its progress, the work received a serious set back and
the State suffered a serious loss in the untimely death of Dr.
Corwin's assistant in translations, the Kev. Daniel Van Pelt,
D. D. Advised by his physician of the efficacy of salt-water bath-
ing, Dr. Van Pelt, who was suffering from a nervous affection, left
his home in Astoria about midnight on October 23, 1900, and
repaired to a lonely cove near Hell Gate. A few minutes later
cries from the direction of the water were heard. The next morn-
ing the neighborhood was examined and clothing was found, care-

PfiEFACE.

Ill

fully folded and arranged, upon a rock. The presumption that he
ventured beyond his depth or had fallen into a pitfall, with which
that locality abounds, and was swept away by the swiftly running
current, was justified, for several days later, the body was discov-
ered several miles distant. Dr. Yan Pelt was one of the most
accomplished scholars in the country. He was thoroughly prO:
ficient in the languages, especially in the Dutch, of which he had
made a special study.

All of which is respectfully submitted.

HUGH HASTINGS,

State Historian.

State Capitol, Albany, iST. Y., Jan. 7, 1901.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

(All documents arranged under the heads of the respective Governors, and in

chronological order.)

PRELIMINARY.

1621. PAGE.

Aug. 24 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Haarlem 32

Names of delegates, including that of Rev. Jonas Michaelius,

pastor at Hem.
Note on village of Hem.
1622.

The Walloons petition to be allowed to go to New Netherland. . 36
Note on the Walloons.
1623-4.

Note on the First and Second Directors, Cornelius Jacobsen

May and William Verhulst <". . 37

1624.

Aug. 6 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Enkhuysen 38

Decisions as to what ecclesiastical bodies are to control
colonial churches.
1626.

Aug. 12 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Edam 39

Oversight of colonial churches — Rev. Jonas Michielse
(Michaelius) goes from Hem to Brazil — Notes on the
Dutch in Brazil; and the Dutch church in Brazil.

THE ADMINISTRATION OF PETER MINUIT, 1626-1632.

Note on Peter Minuit — Tablet to his memory 43

Note on Comforters of the Sick — Tablet to their memorv .... 45

1626.

ir)28.

Aug. 11 Letter of Rev. Jonas Michaelius, of New Amsterdam, to Rev.
Adrian Smoutius (and others) of the Classis of Amsterdam.

In Dutch and English 49

Incidents. — Death of his wife; character of the voyage. Tite
Church. — Consistory appointed; first celebration of the
Lord's Supper; Walloon services in French; suV)jection to
ministers in Amsterdam ; names of members of Consistory.
CT^^I. Matters. — The Nalivcs; their character; difficulties
of their conversion; their language; duty of instructing In-

vi Table of Co?\^tents.

1628.
Aug. 1 1 PAGE.

dian children; praj-er and sovereignty of God — Ministerial
support : house-keeping ; farming ; food ; need of land
(glebe) ; need of farmers — Condition of the Colony: wars;
industries; climate; harvests — Michaelius' relation to the

Church of Holland; correspondence; conclusion 49-73

Note on Rev. Jonas Michaelius — Tablet to his memory —
Note on Johannes Michaelius, his cousin — Notes on Rev.
Adrian Smoutius and the others mentioned in the letter,
being the Committee on Colonial Churches.

Aug. 15 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Amsterdam 74

Art. 20. English Synod in Holland.

Art. 51. Regulations for the colonial churches.

1629.
June 7 Patroons in New Netherland, their duties in reference to
ministers and schoolmasters as adopted by the West India

Company 75

Aug. 20 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Hoorn 75

Art. 13. Contracts with ministers going to the colonies.
Art. 17. English Synod in Holland.
■ Art. 19. Care of persecuting churches.
-,^ Art. 35. Church regulations for the colonies.

1630.

Patroons in New Netherland. Their duties in reference to min-
isters, schoolmasters and bond-servants, as adopted by the

States-General 78

Oct. 1 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Enckhuysen 79

Preachers for the colonies.
English Synod in Holland.
Church-Order in the colonies.
Comforters of the sick for the colonies.
Comforters of the sick must be regularly called.
Order of Extracts.

1631.

Aug. 19 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Edam 81

Art. 8. English Synod in Holland.
Art. 13. Church-Order in the colonies.

1632.

June 7 Classis of Amsterdam °1

Everardus Bogardus seeks final examination.
14 Examination and ordination of Rev. Everardus Bogardus* 81

Art.

11.

Art.

17,

Art.

26.

Art.

28.

Art.

36,

*As most of the Extracts are from the Acts of the Classis, or from the
Acts of their Deputies on Foreign Aflfairs, including the Correspondence, it
will not be necessary in this Table of Contents to specify hereafter " Classis "
or " Deputies " or " Correspondence," as this will appear in the Extracts
themselves.

Table of Contents. vii

1632. PAGE.

Aug. 17 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Alckmaer 82

Art. 10. English Synod in Holland.

Art. 17. Extracts from Acts of other Synods, concerning

English ministers in Holland.
Art. 38. jMinisterial changes. Everardus Bogardus goes to
New Netherland.

THE ADMINISTRATION OF WOUTER VAN TWILLER, 1G33-1637.

1633.
April Note from Brodhead as to his arrival, and the arrival of

Domine Bogardus — Note from O'Callaghan on the same .... 84

Aug. 9 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Haarlem 84

Art. 10. English Synod in Holland.
Art. 33. Preachers practicing medicine.
The first church building in New Amsterdam 85

1634.

Aug. 14 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Amsterdam 86

Art. 55. Ministerial changes. Rev. John Megapolensis.

1635.

Aug. 14 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Hoorn 86

Art. 7. Printing of the newly-translated Bibl'^
Dec. 3 Rev. Johannes Theodorus Polheim requests to oe sent to the

West Indies 87

The church in Virginia (New Amsterdam) asks for another
minister.
1636.
April 7 Lubbertus Van Dincklagen complains of Dominie Bogardus ... . 87
Committee appointed to draft Articles for the colonial
churches.

April 17 Deputies on Foreign Affairs 89

May 5 Regulations drawn up by the Deputies relating to the colonial
churches of the East and West Indies, and adopted by

the Classic 89-91

I Of ministers.
II Of Comforters of the Sick.
Ill Of their Presentation to the Directors of the East and

West India Companies.
xV Of their Instructions.
VI Of Schoolmasters.

Addendum. East and West India Companies.
Record Books.

Note on volumes 39 and 37.
June 7 " Form of Call " for ministers going to the colonies adopted —
The Form itself — Other Forms adopted for Candidates,
Comforters of the Sick and schoolmasters, going to the
colonies 91-106

viii Table of Contents.

1636. PAGE.

June 7 1. The Form of Call for Candidates, with Instructions.

2. The Form of Call for Comforters of the Sick, with Instruc-

tions.

3. Instructions and Credentials for schoolmasters.

4. Form of Credential and Instructions for a minister with

an Ambassador or Resident.

5. Rules and Articles, with Instructions for ministers going

to Muscovy.

6. Instructions for the minister in Muscovy and Archangel.

7. Form of Appointment and Instructions for Candidates

sailing on Men of War.

8. Form of Instruction for ministers on Men of War.

9. Instructions for the minister going to Smyrna.

Aug. 4 West Indies. Inquiry about a certain paper held by Hon.

Councillor Carpentier 108, 109

West Indies. Paper of Hachtoo ( or Ibachtoo ) , sent to Di-
rectors of West India Company.
Plan for the government of the West India churches — to be
devised.

Sept. 9 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Enckhuysen 109

Art. 34. Preacher for the West Indies.
Art. 35. Ministerial Changes — Rev. Johannes Polhemus.
(Fall?) Plan of govermnent for West India churches (Brazil) re-
ported 110

1637.
April 6 East and West Indies — Can Comforters of the Sick perform

marriages and baptize? 110

Committee on Indian ( colonial ) affairs.

Aug. 10 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Edam Ill

Ministers sent to Brazil.
Sept. 7 Rev. Jonas Michaelius is asked to return to New Netherland. . Ill
Oct. 5 Rev. Jonas Michaelius — Indians, East and West ■ — Plan to

be devised to reach them Ill

Nov. 2 Affairs in the West Indies 112

16 Rev. -Jonas Michaelius to be further urged for New Netherland. 112

ADMINISTRATION OF WILLIAM KIEFT. March 1638-1647.

1638.

April 10 West Indies — Brazil — Rev. Jonas Michaelius 114

26 The States-General urge the colonization of New Netherland

— Clergymen — Brazil 114

June 7 Rev. Jonas Michaelius again recommended for New Nether-
land 116

July 5 Rev. .Jonas Michaelius; last reference to him 116

Notes on Rev. .Johannes Michielsen in England, and on the
Dutch in England.

Table of Contents.

1638.

PAGE.
July 8 The New Netherland Council resolve to retain Domine Bo-

gardus 118

22 A mortgage given to Bogardus 118

Aug. 2 The Classis of Amsterdam adopt a seal 118

1633-1638.

A church and parsonage included in a list of buildings erected. 119
1638.

Aug. 16 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Alckmaer 119, 120

Art. 21. English ceremony in Holland.

Art. 28. Synod of Utrecht awaits reports of the colonial

churches.
Art. 29. Ministerial changes — Rev. John Megapolensis.
Art. 30. The new translation of the Bible.
Art. 33. Status of uneducated ministers in the Indies on
returning to Holland.
Aug. 30-Sept 2 Articles in reference to Religion in the " Proposed Ar-
ticles for Colonization and Trade in New Nether-
land" 120, 121

1639.
June 6 Cornelius Pietersen offers to go to Virginia (New Nether-
land ) ; accepted 121

July 18 Adam Roalandsen, schoolmaster, goes to New Netherland 122

18 Pieter Vanderlinde to West Indies 122

29 Classis of Brazil 122

29 Difficulties in England and Scotland 122

Letter to be written to Archbishop of Canterbury.

Baptismal Register of Church of New York 123

Aug. 1 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Haarlem 123-126

Art. 29. Status of uneducated ministers on returning to

Holland.
Art. 33. Extracts from Acts of the other Synods respecting

the care of the colonial churches.
Art. 46. Further treatment of the same.
Art. 47. Question as to the right of the Classis of Amster-
dam over the colonial churches.
1640.
March 19 Lubbert Van Dincklagen asks to be relieved from his excom-
munication by Domine Bogardus — Action on Van Dinckla-

gen's salary 126

April 23 Foreign churches — Ceremonies in — Comforters of the Sick

sent to 127

May 7 Lubbertus Van Dincklagen — Everardus Herdenbergius —

James Dincklagen 129

July 19 Articles on Religion in New Charter of Patroonships 130

Aug. 21 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Amsterdam 130-13.5

Art. 9. English Ceremonies.

X Table of Contents.

1640. PAGE.

Aug. 21 Art. 30. Correspondence among the several Synods as to
whom pertains the right to govern the colonial
churches.

Oct. — Synod of North Holland — Extra Session 135

Art. 20. East and West India Church Affairs.

Sept. 4 Megapolensis 135

Oct. 15 John Cornelisz Backer 136

Dec. 3 Classis of Amsterdam will examine the Petitions of the several

Synod about East and West India Affairs 136

1641.

Feb. 26 and Mar. 25 John C. Backer examined in part 136

May 6 and June 3 John C. Backer further examined 137

June 6 Conditions under which an English Company may settle in New
Netherland — (Eev. Francis Doughty, Newtown), with ex-
tract on religion, from Patent 137

Aug. 13 Synod of North Holland at Hoorn 138, 139

Art. 29. Correspondence among the Provincial Synods about

the care of the colonial churches.
Art. 49, 2. On ministers practising medicine.

Sept. 2, 3 ; Oct. 7, 8 ; Nov 1 John C. Backer further examined 140

Nov. 19 John C. Backer informs the Classis of ministers willing to go

to the West Indies 141

19 Letter from New Netherland. read — Consistory there vindi-
cates Bogardus against Van Dincklagen 142

Dec. 2 John C. Backer finally passes his examination: to be ordained. 142

1642.

Feb. 7 House for Adam Roelantsen, schoolmaster 143

March 6 Contract between Patroon Van Rensselaer and Rev. John Mega-
polensis 143

17 Van Rensselaer seeks the approbation of the Classis, on his

contract with Megapolensis 145

18 Megapolensis accepts the call before the Deputies of Classis. . . 146
22 Copy of Call on Megapolensis 146

April 1 Spanish translation of the Belgic Confession of Faith — The
West India Company — Extracts from letters of Consistory
of New Amsterdam to be read about Van Dincklagen 148

7 Vindication of Bogardus against Van Dincklagen, by Consistory

of New Amsterdam 149

8 Megapolensis dismissed from his church and Classis 149

22 Letter from Classis to Consistory of New Amsterdam 150

24 Letters sent to East and West Indies and New Netherland 152

May 5 The case of Bogardus and Van Dincklagen 152

June 2 Johannes Megapolensis 152

3 Memorandum for Domine Johannes Megapolen?'« as he starts

for America 153

6 Agreement between Van Rensselaer and the West India Com-
pany about Megapolensis 154

Catalojme of Books sent to Rensselaerwvck 155

Table of Contents. xi

1642. ■ PAGE.

July 21 John C. Backer eager to go to the West Indies 15G

Aug. 11 Arrival of Megapolensis — O'Callaghan's remarks 1.56

First Church at Rensselaerwyck.

12 Synod of North Holland at Enckhuysen 15S

Art. 34. East and West Indies — Complaints that the Synod
of North Holland arrogates to itself the care of the colonial
churches — Remedies proposed.
Aug. 19 and Sept. 22 -John C. Backer — The Company had delayed send-
ing him — Reasons for delay — Company pre-
sent him one hundred dollars 161, 162

Oct. 16 John C. Backer ordained and sent to Curacoa — Classis of Zee-
land — West Indies — Brazil — Letters to Brazil 163

Note. The Old Church in the Fort, at New Amsterdam.

O'Callaghan's remarks — Brodhead's remarks 163

1642-4.

Note. The Jesuits in Central New York 166-169

Rescue of Fathers Jogues and Bressani.
1643.
Jan. 31 Petition of the Dutch and other Foreign Churches in England

to the House of Lords 168

May 6 List of Books in a private family in Ncav Netherland 168

June 16 Van Curler's letter to the Patroon 168

July 27 Collections to be taken for suffering churches in England.

Notes 169

31 Extracts from Coetus in Brazil, Nov. 12, 1642 170

(Rev. J. T. Polhemus a member.)

Aug. 11 et seq. SjTiod of North Holland at Edam 173-177

Art. 3. Ministers practising medicine.
Art. 27. East and West Indies.
Art. 30. Exiles from Ireland.
Art. 54. Churches of England.
Art. 57. Baptism of Comforters of the Sick.
Art. 57. Extracts from Acts of other Synods about colonial
churches; churches in England.
31 Letter from London — Distress in Ireland — Alms solicited... 177

Sept. 7 Alms for the Irish churches 178

Nov. 13, 16. Collection for England 179

1644.

April 4 Letter from Synod of London — Collection for Ireland — Lub-

bert Van Dincklagen and Rev. Everardus Bogardus ISO

IVIay 2 Letter from Synod of London — Collection for Ireland — Cata-
logue of ministers of the Classis — Dincklagen 181

June 13 Letter to the Synod of Holland ordered — The letter read —

In Latin . . . ." 183

July 17 Copy of said letter for preservation 183

Aug. et seq. Synod of North Holland at Alckmaar 183-185

Art 26. East and West Indies.

Art. 36. Letter from London to be answered.

xii Table of Contents.

1644. PAGE.

Aug. et seq. Art. 42. Baptism by Comforters of the Sick.

Art. 52. Letter in Greek from the Bishop of Ephesus.
Oct. 16 Book of Apollonius on Church Government; sent to Westmin-
ster 185

Nov. 7 Letter from Rev. Johannes Bacherus, of Curacoa, etc 186

To make request for more ministers for the West Indies 186

Magapolensis's Book on Mohawk Indians 187

On Rev. Richard Denton's removal from New England to Hemp-
stead, Long Island 187

Report of Board of Accounts on New Netherland 187

1645.
March 23 Rev. E. Bogardus refuses to receive a written admonition from

the Director 188

June 26 Extracts from Acts of Coetus of Brazil 189

July 24 Deputies request the West India Company to send seven more
ministers to Brazil — Extracts about colonial churches to be

sent to the Synod 189, 190

Aug. 8 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Haarlem 190-192

Art. 20. East and West Indies.
Oversight of colonial churches.
Progress in Brazil.

Art. 52. Church Government in England.
(Presbyterianism adopted.)
Aug. 31. Day of Thanksgiving appointed for Peace with the Indians. . 192
Sept. 21 Action of West India Company on Ministers in New Nether-
land and Brazil 193

1646.

May 28 Brazil — Minister to New Netherland 194-196

Extracts from Acts of the Classis of Brazil.
June 5 New Netherland 196

11 Council of New Netherland summons Rev. E. Bogardus to an-

swer certain charges 196-200

12 New Netherland — Brazil 201

25 John Walraven, chorister and schoolmaster for New Nether-
land 201

Ministers sought for New Netherland.

July 8 New Netherland — Brazil 203

9 Remonstrance to the Company by the Classis about neglect of

church privileges in the West Indies 203-209

28 Commission of Peter Stuyvesant 209.. 210

July ? Extracts about East and West India churches 210

28 Calls to New Netherland declined — Bogardus to be asked to

stay 210, 211

Aug. 7 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Amsterdam 211, 212

Art. 22. Plan as to East and West India Affairs.

Art. 23. Returns from West Indies: John Walraven from

New Netherland.

Table of Contents. xiii

1646. PAGE.

Sept. 21 Rev. Everardus Bogardus to deliver a certain bill of ex-
change 212-214

June 4-Oct. 18 Father Jogues — His death 214, 215

1647.
May 9 Deacons of Rensselaerwyek lend money to the Patroon 215

1646.

Extracts from a journal of New Netherland, 1641-1646, cov-
ering the last six years of the ministry of Bogardus . 216

ADMINISTRATION OF PETER STUYVESANT.

May 11, 1647-1664, Sept. 5.
1647.

July 22 Resignation and death of Rev. Everardus Bogardus 216-218

Notes by Valentine and O'Callaghan — Annetje Jans.

Aug. 12 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Hoorn 218, 219

Art. 17. East and West India Affairs.

Art. 39. West Indies — Extracts from a letter from Brazil

of June 10, 1646.
Art. 41. Rev. William Grasmeer.

Sept. 16 Points for Remonstrances (or Memorial) 219-224

I To the East India Company.
II To the West India Company.
22 Extract relating to Religion from Stuyvesant's Charter —

Church and School 224

Oct. 28 Memorial to the XIX — Henry Dries 225

Nov. 26 Letter to the East and West Indies 225

1648.

Jan. 27 Megapolensis asks his dismission from Rensselaerwyck 225

Rev. John Backerus — Megapolensis.
Feb. 1 Flushing, L. I., petitions the Director for a minister — Order

thereon 226

10 Letter from Megapolensis, read — Referred to the Deputies. . . 227

24 Conference with the widow Rentselaer 227

April 7 Rev. John Megapolensis — Letter to Megapolensis 228

7 Directors' letter to Stuy^-esant — Death of Bogardus 228, 229

8 Letter to Megapolensis in full 230, 231

June 29 T^etter from John Backerus, read 232

Aug. 11 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Enckhuysen 232

Art. 19. East and West Indies.
Aug. 15 and Sept. 2 Letter of Rev. John Backerus to the Classis of Am-
sterdam 233-237

Aug. 15-25 Letter of Rev. John Megapolensis to the Classis of Amster-
dam . . .^ 237-239

Sept. 14 Letter from Rev. John Bachorus, road — Letter from Rev. John

Megapolensis. road 239

28 Memorial to the XIX — Lettor to the Brethren of Zeeland. 240-242

xiv Table of Contents.

1648. PAGE.

Oct. 5 Classis of Amsterdam — Letter of Backerus and Megapolensis

26 Pieter Vander Linden, precentor — Matters on which to me-
morialize the XIX 242-244

Letter of Megapolensis of Aug. 15, read.
Letter of Backerus read.

Nov. 2 Directors to Peter Stuyvesant — Backerus — Megapolensis —

West India Company, godfather of children 244-245

30 Action of the XIX on ecclesiastical matters — Action of the

Deputies — Pastors to be sought for New Netherland 245

Dec. 7 Letter from Megapolensis read — The widow Bogardus — Let-
ter from Backerus read — Pastors needed in the colonies .... 246

28 Letter from Backerus, read, of Sept. 22 — Letter from Consis-

tory of New Amsterdam 247

1649.
Jan. 14 Lease from Van Eensselaer requires religious services at Cats-
kill 248

25 Pastor to be sought for New Netherland 248

March 15 Rev. Wm. Grasmeer seeks a release for Rev. Megapolensis .... 248

29 Megapolensis seeks dismission from Rensselaerswyek 249

April 13 Letters from New Netherland to be answered 249

26 Letter of Classis to Rev. John Backerus — Letter of Classis to

Rev. John Megapolensis 250-252

May 8 The Director forbids Rev. Backerus to read political writings

in the church — O'Callaghan's remark thereon 252

June 28 Gideon Schaets 253

July 6 The Council of New Amsterdam permit Rev. Backerus to re-
sign ; request Rev. John Megapolensis, on his way to Holland,
to remain, Aug. 2 — The departure of Backerus and settle-
ment of Megapolensis 253, 254

28 Remonstrance of the people of New Netherland to the States-
General — Abstract and Extracts concerning social and re-
ligious affairs, chiefly during the ministries of Bogardus and
Backerus, 1643-9 — Discovery and location of the country —
Religious ideas of the Indians — Settlements by the Dutch ;
and English encroachments — "Vast capabilities of New
Netherland — Causes of its decline — Bad government; High
prices — Arbitrary power — Account of building the church
in the Fort by Kieft in 1642 — Church revenues — School —
Alms money — Asylum — Kieft did nothing for the people
except the building of the church — Bad treatment of Negro
slaves — Stuyvesant thus far had done little except repairing
the church — Kieft's arbitrary dealings with Rev. Francis
Doughty — Stiiyvesant's administration — Van Dincklagen,
the Vice-Governor, afraid to speak — Stu\wesant keeps able
men out of the Council — His nirs — Stu>"\-esant's treatment
of Doughtv — Conditions for success on New Netherland, 254-260

Table of Contents. xv

1649. PAGE.

Aug. 9 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Edam.

Art. 15. Plan for East and West India Affairs.

Art. 28. East and West India Affairs.

Art. 30. Rev. John Backerus.

Art. 31. Rev. Johannes Megapolensis.

Art. 32. Extract from Synod of Utrecht.

Art. 36. Ecclesiastical changes 260, 261

Aug. Letter from Peter Stuyvesant, as elder to the Classis —

Revs. Backerus and Megapolensis — Schoolmasters .... 261-263

Oct. 25 Letter read from Rev. John Megapolensis 261

Nov. 1 Rev. John Backerus in Holland 263

9. Brazil 264

Dec. 27 Letters from Megapolensis, read 264

1650.

Jan. 10 Letter of Classis to Rev. John Megapolensis 264

27 Digest of Remonstrance of July 28, 1649, of Excesses and
Neglect which New Netherland has experienced — Of the
Church — Extracts from Report, and Replies, especially re-
lating to the Church 266-268

31 Answer of West India Company 267

Wm. Vestens, recommended as schoolmaster, etc — Rev. John

Megapolensis — Rensselaerswyck 269

Feb. 16 The Directors to Stuyvesant — Rev. John Megapolensis —

Schoolmaster — Rev. John Backerus — The Remonstrance . . 269
March 4 Information for settlers in New Netherland — A clergyman,
etc., needed — Report of Committee of States-General on New
Netherland — Three clergymen must be sent to New Nether-
land — Remark of the Company thereon 270

7 Classis of Amsterdam 270

Rev. Caspar Carpentier 270

Rev. Megapolensis — Wm. Vestensz — Rensselaerswyck 271

April 4 Rev. John Backerus — Rev. Wm. Grasmeer 271

Letter of Classis to Consistory at Manhattan about Rev.

Grasmeer 272, 273

11 Further action of the Deputies on the Grasmeer case. . . . 273, 274

16 Action of Classis of Alckmaar on Rev. Wm. Grasmeer 274

His answer.

19 Rev. Caspar de Carpentier, and note 275

20 Directors to Stuyvesant — Result of the Remonstrance — Rev.

Megapolensis — His Tract on Confession 275

May 24 Freedoms and Exemptions granted by the Company; as to

religion 276

Aug. 4 Court at Rensselaerswyck on Rev. William Grasmeer.... 276, 277

6 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Alckmaer 277, 278

Art. 1. Rev. John Backerus.
Art. 18. Plan for East and West Indies.
Art. 30. East and West Indies — Ministerial changes —
Megapolensis — Vestersse.

xvi Table of Coxtents.

1650. PAGE.

July 4 and Aug. 29 Stuyvesant's Eefusal to reform the Government —
Extract from Journal of the select men concerning Stuy-
vesant's action in reference to their pew in the Church 27S

Aug. 8 Request of Rev. John Backerus 270

Sept. 9 Andries Jansy appointed schoolmaster at Fort Orange 279

12 Letter of John Walraven, schoolmaster, from New Amsterdam

— Rev. Backerus 280

Nov. 28 Form of Acceptance and Instruction for Comforters of the Sick

and Readers on ships of war 281

Acts of the Classis of Alckmaer about Rev. Wm. Grasmeer .... 283
29 Extracts relating to the Church from Secretary Van Tien-
hoven's answer to Remonstrance of July 28, 1649 — Rev.
Francis Doughty — Note on Doughty 284-286

1651.

Jan. 2 Rev. William Grasmeer 286

20 Rev. William Grasmeer — Catechism of Rev. John Megapo-

lensis, -Jr 287

Feb. 20 Letter of Classis of Amsterdam to Rev. William Grasmeer .... 288
Letter of Classis of Amsterdam to the Church of Rensselaers-

wyck 289-293

Letter of Classis to the Church at Manhattan 293-295

March 21 The Directors to Stuyvesant — Book of Megapolensis on " Con-
fession, etc." .... 296

Aug. 7 Rev. William Grasmeer — Rensselaers^vyck 296

15 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Haarlem 206, 297

Art. 22. East and West India Affairs.
Art. 27. The case of Grasmeer.
Aug 28-Nov. 13 Seven items on Rev. John Backerus 297-300

1652.

Feb. 12 Church Property — Megapolensis 300

Rensselaerswyck ^^^

Rev. Wm. Grasmeer — Rev. Samuel Drisius 301, 302

14 Affidavit of Rev. Wm. Grasmeer 303

26 and March 11, 18 Rev. Samuel Drisius — New Amsterdam, 303, 304

March 18 Rev. Samuel Drisius — New Amsterdam — Rev. John Olx —

Rensselaers-wyck — Rev. John Episcopius 304, 305

April 2 Letter from William Vestens of New Amsterdam to the Classis

— Rev. John Episcopius — Rensselaerswyck 306

4 The Director to Stuwesant — New Amsterdam — Schoolmaster

— English preacher — Revs. Drisius and Grasmeer —
Note on Jan de la Montagne — O'Callaghan's remarks, 307, 308

15 Rev. John Episcopius — Rensselaerswyck — Gideon Schaats.. 308
May 6 Rev. Gideon Schaats — Rensselaerswyck 309

8 Contract with Rev. Gideon Schaats — The Patroon's instruc-
tions concerning religion 309, 310

29 The mirage seen during the negotiations between the Republics

of England and Holland 311

Table of Contents. xvii

1652. PAGE.

Aug. 12 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Amsterdam 311-313

Art. 29. ^Ministerial changes — Rev. John Backerus — Rev.

Samuel Drisius — Rev. Gideon Schaats.
Arts. 34, 39, 40. Rev. William Grasmeer.
Founding of Newtown and Flatbush 314

1G53.

Feb. 6 Prayer at beginning of Court, at New Amsterdam 314

Aug.-Oct. Father Poncet's capture and deliverance 315, 316

Oct. 6 Letter from Revs. Megapolensis and Drisius to Classis of

Amsterdam — Lutheran request 317

Dec. Deduction of Director and Council regarding Remonstrance of
Dec. 11, 1653 — English elections, without reference to re-
ligion — Note on Government of New Xetherland 318

16 Commission of Rev. Samuel Drisius as diplomatic agent to

Virginia 319

1654.

Jan. 1 Request to the XIX to prevent Lutheran preaching and as-
semblies in New Netherland 320

Feb. 5-Aug. 16 Father Le Moyne discovers the Salt Springs 321

23 Request of Jan. 1, granted — -Directors willing to send a

minister to Long Island 322

26 Letter of Classis to Revs. Megapolensis and Drisius —

Lutherans 322, 323

March 2 A minister to be sought for New Netherland : . . . 324

12 The Directors to Stuyvesant — Lutherans — Long Island 324

May 11 William Vestensz 325

June 1 Salaries of ministers 325

8 Director-General to Burgomaster, to pay ministers' salaries —

Remark of O'Callaghan 325

July 15 Letter of Revs. Megapolensis and Drisius to Classis of Amster-
dam — Lutherans — Indians 326, 327

17 Proclamation of the Peace between the Republics of England

and Holland 327

Aug. 24 Mrs. Catherine Polhonuis. wife of Th. J. Polhonuis 328

24 Support of the Church in New Amsterdam 328

31 Burgomasters to the Director — Minister's salaries 329

Sept. 16 Answer of Director concerning the payment of ministers. . 329, 330

Oct. 13 Petition from Midwout and Amesfoort — Domine Polhemius
teaching — Note on Church of ]Midwout and Domine
Polhemus 330

Nov. 11 Letter of the Classis to the ii:iiiistcrs in New Netherland —

William Vestensz 331

Dec. 17 A church and parsonage to be built at INIidwout 332

1655.
Jan. 4 Hermanus Blom — Action of Classis on the call of Rev. Pol-
hemus to Long Island 332

26 Schoolmaster, Wm. Vestiensz. petition to return to Holland.. 33.'>

x^iii Table of CoNTEifTS.

1655. PAGE.

Feb. 9 Domine Polhemus asks for aid for himself, and for building

a church at Midwout 333

March 2 Report of Domine Megapolensis on building a church at

Midwout 333

8 Action of the Deputies on Polhemus' call — William Vestensz, 334
18 Letter of Rev. Megapolensis to the Classis — Polhemus — Long

Island — William Vestiens — Jews — Various sects .... 334-336

22 Rev. Polhemus 336

23 Harmanus Van Hoboocken — William Vestiens 336

23 Affairs of Polhemus 337

April 5 Rev. Polhemius 337, 338

26 The Directors to Stuyvesant — Jews — Polhemus 338

June 14 William Vestiens 338

15 Petition for assistance to Midwout and Amesfoort to support

Domine Polhemus 339

Aug. 17 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Edam 339

Art. 42. Rev. Polhemus and his wife.

28 Jews to be exempt from military service 340

Sept. 26 Expulsion of Swedish Ministers from Delaware 340

Father Le Moyne at Beverwyck 340

Oct. 1 1 Voluntary subscription for defence of New Amsterdam — Sub-
scriptions of the ministers 341

1656.

Religious Condition of New Netherland 341, 342

Jan. 15 Petition of the Clergy against allowing conventicles and

preaching by unqualified persons — Rev. Moore 342

24 New Graveyard — Board of Churchmasters 343

Feb. 1 Action of Director and Council on conventicles 343, 344

18 New Church at Fort Orange 344

15 Petition from Midwout and Amesfoort to take up a collection

for the support of their minister 345

21 Herman van Hoboocken, schoolmaster 345

25 Petition from Brooklyn that the minister, Polhemus, preach

alternately there "^45, 346

28 Churchmasters 346

March 28 Petition from Midwout for assistance to pay their minister .... 346

April 4 Sale of the old wooden church in New Amsterdam 347

18 Catechism of Rev. Megapolensis 347

May 1 Action of Classis on said Catechism 347

12, 26 Letter of Classis to Rev. Consistory of New Netherland.
dated May 26 — Lutherans — Mennonites — Independents —
Jews — Catechism of Megapolensis not allowed — Polhemus

— Long Island — South River — William Vestens 348-351

June 13 Megapolensis — Polhemus — Letter of May 26, to New Nether-
land. read in Classis 351, 352

14 Action of West India Company on Stuyvesant's placard

against the Jews and Lutherans — Mrs. Polhemus 352

20 Remonstrance of Patroon Van Rensselaer against Stuyvesant's

tithes 353

1656.

June

July

Aug.

Table of Contents. xix

PAGE.

Action thereon by the Council 353

Order in favor of the Waldenses — Note 353

The Deputies will report action of Company on the Lutherans

to Classis 354

Action of Classis thereon 354

Lutheran worship in New Netherland 355

The old Church lot 355

et seq. Synod of North Holland at Alckmaer 355

Art. 32. Names of Ministers in New Netherland.
12-16 Conditions offered by the City of Amsterdam to settlers on
South River — As to schools and religion — Action of States-
General on same 356

Oct. 3 New Netherland — Action of Classis on the freedom of con-
science about to be allowed — Lutherans 357

4, 5 Resolutions of States-General and the Company, on van der Ca-

pelle's petition 357, 358

9 Repairs of the Church 358

24 Petition of the Lutherans to Governor and Council to be al-

lowed Public Worship ; with answer 358-360

Nov. 7 Lutherans in New Netherland 360

7 Petition of Hermanus Van Hoboocken for a school-room; with

answer — Note on Hoboken 360, 361

8, 11 Sentence on Hallett and Wickendam for allowing Baptist con-
venticles at Flushing 361, 362

Dec. 14 Letter from Domine Polhemus to Stuyvesant 362

19 The Directors to StuvA'esant on Jesuits among the Senecas —
Bells for churches at Rensselaerswyck, Hempstead and Mid-
wout 363

21 Stuyvesant to the Magistrates of Midwout about minister's

house — Petition of Domine Polhemus for an advance of

salary 363, 364

29 Inhabitants of Oostdorp refuse to receive a Civil Commission

on Sunday — Their mode of worship 364, 365

1657.
Jan. 1 Oostdorp (East- town) accept of Government of New Nether-
land 365

13 Petition from Midwout to be allowed to make an assessment

to pay minister's salary 365

13 Petition from Amesfoort asking for confirmation of assessment

to pay minister's salary 366, 367

16 Petition from Brooklyn against assessment for minister's

salary and appointment of Domine Polhemus 367, 368

Letter of Magistrates of Brooklyn to the Director about the
order to assess to pay minister's salary 368, 369

22 Petition from Newtown about their parsonage 369

25 Answer to foretroing 369

Feb. 7, 13 Tax in Brooklyn for Minister's salary 370

12 Rev. Jacob P. Gouwcster. offers to <ro to New Netherland 370

XX Table of Contents.

1657. PAGE.

Feb. 15 Letter of Classis to Church of New Amsterdam, (of Dee. 15,

1656 ) Lost 370

March 8, 9 Election of a Churehmaster, New Amsterdam, and their ac-
counts 370

9 Regulations adopted by City of Amsterdam respecting a min-
ister for New Amstel (Delaware) 371

19 New Colony in New Nether land — The Lutherans in New

Netherland 371, 372

April 7 Directors to Stuyvesant — Bells for churches — Lutherans... 372
9 Oath of Burghers 373

10 Eev. Everardus Welius — Lutherans and Sects in New Nether-

land 373-374

11 Petition of Jews denied 375

13 Vice-Director Aldrich to the Commissioners of Colony of New

Amstel 375

23 Rev. Mr. Welius — Lutherans 376

May 7 Rev. Mr. Welius 376

Rev. Hermanns Blom declines to act as chaplain for the Dutch

Navy 376

Lutherans and sects in New Netherland and the Colony — Rev.

Gutwasser 377

Letter of Classis to the Consistory of New Amsterdam — South
River — Evart Pietersen — Rev. Mr. Welius — The sects —

Lutherans — Gutwasser 378-381

Vice-Director Aldrichs to the Burgomasters of Amsterdam, 381, 382
25 Vice-Director Aldrichs to the Commissioners of the Colony on

the Delaware 382

June 5 Lutherans and New Netherland 382

27 Rev. Gideon Schaats to Rev. Domine Laurentius, on state of the

Church, especially at Fort Orange 382-386

July 6 Petition of Revs. Megapolensis and Drisius to the authorities

of New Amsterdam against tolerating the Lutherans. . . . 386-388

14 Report of authorities on said Petition 388-390

17 Gov. StuyA'esant to Magistrates of Hempstead, L. I., and an-
swer July, 25 391

29 Gov. Stuyvesant to Magistrates of Hempstead 391

31 Rev. J. T. Polhemus to Classis of Amsterdam 392

Aug. 5, 14 Revs. Megapolensis and Drisius to Classis of Amsterdam —
Lutherans; Rev. Goetwater — Petition against him —
Schaats and Rensselaerswyck — South River — Fort Chris-
tina — Lutheran services on South River — Rev. Casparus
Carpentier — Dutch Villages on Long Island — Rev. Pol-
hemiis — English Villages on Long Island — Mennonites —
Independents — Presbyterians — Rev. Denton — Oostdorp —
Kingston — Schools — Indian converts — P. S. Quakers . . 393-400
10 Everet Pietersen. schoolmaster at South River 401

12 Evert Pietersen to Domine Ruileus — Need of books 401-403

13 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Harlem.

Art. 2. Refrister.

Table of Contents. xxi

1657. PAGE.

Aug. 13 Art. 35. Extracts concerning the colonial churches —
Lutherans — Rev. Everadus Welius — Aert

Pietersen — John Walraven 403, 404

28 Father Simon Le Moyne — Notes 404

Sept. 3 Henry Selyns asks to be examined for licensure 405

Oct. 2 Examination and licensure of Henry Selyns 405

10 Petition of the Lutherans to the Governor and Council against

the banishment of Rev. Gutwasser — Answer 405-407

15 Petition of Rev. J. E. Gutwasser, asking why he is to be ban-
ished — Answer 407-409

22, 25 Revs. Megapolensis and Drisius to the Classis of Amsterdam —
Lutherans — Quakers — Sectaries — Need of English minis-
ters— Rev. Doughty — Rev. Moore — Rev. Denton.... 409-412
1658.
Jan. 1 and 3 Remonstrance of the inhabitants of Flushing against

anti-Quaker laws 412^14

21 Proclamation of a Day of Prayer for March 13 414-415

28 Sentence on Tobias Feaks, schout of Flushing, for protecting

Quakers 415

29 Petition of Magistrates of Midwout as to the disposition of i

certain church-lands — Answer — Petition of Domine Pol-
henius concerning his salary 415-41T

Feb. 11 Letter from Domine Schaats read by the Deputies 417

26 Election of Churchmaster and Orphanmaster 417

March 5 Jacob Van Corlaer not allowed to teach school 418

19 Jacobus Van Corlaer forbidden to teach school in New Amster-

dam 419

26 Van Corlaer again forbidden to teach school — Minister's

salary in Brooklyn 419

30 Rev. Welius preaches on a Fast-day 419

April Form of Oath taken by Swedes on South River 420

2 Sentence on those who refused to pay minister's salary 420

Letter from New Netherland received by the Deputies 420

7 Letter from Father Simon Le Moyne. S. J., to Director Stuyve-

sant; with enclosure from Governor of Canada 421, 422

1 5 The Deputies read letters from New Netherland 422

May 6 Letters from New Netherland shown to Directors of West

India Company -^ New Amstel 422, 423

20 The Directors to Stuyvesant — Lutherans — Latin School —

Domine Schaats 423, 424

June 4 Rev. J. T. Polhemus to Classis of Amsterdam 424

7 Further orders of the Directors about the Baptismal Formula. . 425

22 Rev. John Carpentier 425

Aug. 5 Extract from the Letters from New Netherland 425

12 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Amsterdam 425-427

Art. 36. Extract of letters about churches in foreign lands:
From a letter of Aiig. 5, 1657. from New Netherland.
From a letter of Aug. 12, 16.'i6. from New Netherland.
From n letter of Oct. 22. 1657. from Manhattan.

xxii ° Table of Contents. ■ ^c

1658. PAGE.

Aug. 13 Petition of Jan Lubbert's to teach school — Granted 427

19 The Director General and Council ask the opinion of the
ministers of New Netherland, on the action of the Company,
on May 20, 1658, concerning Form of Baptism 427

23 Answer of the ministers of said request, concerning Form of

Baptism 428-431

Sept. 19 Request for a Latin school 431

24 Revs. Megapolensis and Drisius to the Classis of Amsterdam —

Need of ministers for the English towns on Long Island —
Quakers — Lutherans — Dutch ministers needed — Father
Le Moyne 432-434

25 Rev. John Megapolensis to the Classis; about his son

Samuel 434-436

28 Revs. Megapolensis and Drisius to the Classis; about the
Jesuits on the Mohawk — Father Jogues — Father Bres-

sani — Father Le Moyne 436-439

Oct. 7 Rev. J. T. Polhemus 439

1659.

Jan. 13 Deputies read letters from New Netherland 439, 440

Feb. 3 Letters from New Amsterdam read before the Classis 440

13 Directors to Stuyvesant — Lutherans — Polhemus 441

24 New Netherland — Form of Baptism 441

April 10 Alexander Carolus Curtius, Latin schoolmaster 442

25 Directors to Stuyvesant — Rensselaerwyck — Latin school, 442, 443
July 4 Salary of Curtius, Latin teacher 443

23 Stuvvesant to the Directors — The tithes — Rensselaerswyck —

Curtius, the Latin teacher — Polhemus 443, 444

Aug. 5 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Hoorn 444

^j^ jT**. ^j.^ 25. Extracts of letters on the state of the foreign
^ ...•"''*"•■*"'"''' churches — From a letter from New Nether-

land of Sept. 24, 1658.
11 Stuyvesant to Sergeant Laurensen at Esopus, recommending

Rev. Hermanns Blom to the people there 445

Stuyvesant to Sergeant Laurensen at Esopus, per Megapo-
lensis 446

16 Church of New Amstle 446

17 Inhabitants of Esopus petition that Rev. Blom may be their

minister 446

22 Commissioners of the Colony on the Delaware to Vice-Director

Aldriehs, as to the church there — The Swedish parson 447

Aug.-Sept. Proceedings of the XIX concerning New Netherland — Report
on the Committee of Classis to them, about sects; necessity
of English preachers; salary of Polhemus — Action of the

Company 447, 448

Sept. 10 Revs. Megapolensis and Drisius to Classis of Amsterdam —

The Lutherans — Hermanns Blom 449, 450

17 Stuyvesant to the Directors — Rev. Blom 450, 451

Latin school — Rector's salarv — Medicinal seeds 451

Table of Contents. xxiii

1059. PAGE,

Sept. 30 Day of Fasting and Prayer appointed for Oct. 15 451-453

Dutch Embassy to Maryland — Rev. Doughty 453

Nov. 3 Lutheran Church in New Netherland — Hermanus Blom chosen

for New Netherland 454, 455

14 Election of a Churchmaster 455

17 Hermanus Blom to be examined 455

Rev. Everardus Welius 456

His death 456

Dec. 9 Sheriff van Schweringen to Commissioners of Colony on Dela-
ware River 457

12 Church of New Amstel to Classis of Amsterdam 456

Vice-Director Aldrichs to the Commissioners of the Colony —

Death of Welius 457

9 Skipper Huys to the Commissioners of Colony on Delaware

River 458

13 Beekman to Stuyvesant 458, 459

22 Directors to Stuyvesant — Blom — Directors to Stuyvesant ■ —

Intending to send over more liberal-minded preachers —
Blom 459-461

20 Petition of Church of Midwout for material to paint their

church 461

1660.

Jan. 5 Call of a minister to New Netherland — Selyns and Blom 462'

16 Petition of Herman van Hoboocken — Schools 463:

Feb. 4 Petition of certain Englishmen to settle at Jamaica.... 463, 464
16 Revs. Blom and Selyns examined and ordained for New Nether-
land — Certificate of ordination of Rev. Hermanus Blom —
Call of Rev. Selyns to Brooklyn 464-468

23 Appointment of a day of Fasting and Prayer 468, 460

March 1 Letter of Classis to the Consistories in New Netherland, per

Blom and Selyns 469-472

11 Ecclesiastical Testimonial to Selyns 472'

29 Directors to Stuy^^esant — Blom and Selyns 47$

April 5 Death of Rev. Welius — Another minister to be sent in his

place 47$

12 Petition of Gravesend for a minister; and answer thereto. 473, 474
16 Directors to Stuvvesant — Blom and Selyns — Curtius 474

21 Stuvvesant to the Directors — Blom — The preachers — Form

of Baptism 475

May 4 The Deputati to seek for another minister for New Netherland . 475

11 Building the Church of ^lidwout — Not paid for 475, 476

June 1 New Netherland — Form of Baptism 476

July 5 Church matters in Brooklyn — Salary of Selyns — Selyns to

preach at Stuyv^esant's bouwerie 477

6 Form of Baptism 477

Aug. 9 Salary of Curtius, Latin teacher 478

10 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Enckhuvsen 478

Art. 29. Extracts from a letter from New Amsterdam, of
Sept. 10, 1659.

xxiv Table of Contents.

1660. PAGE.

Sept. 2 Petition of Revs. Blom and Selyns for board during their

detention 479

3 Formal introduction of Domine Selyns to church of Brooklyn

by Nicasius de Sille 479, 480

7 The Consistory of Brooklyn to Domine Polhemus —

Lutherans 481, 482

22 Rev. Gideon Schaats to Classis of Amsterdam 482, 483

Sept. 29 Rev. J. T. Polhemus to the Classis of Amsterdam 484

30 Church of Midwout; costs; help given '. . 484, 485

Oct. 4 Rev. Samuel Drisius to Classis of Amsterdam — Form of Bap-
tism 485-^87

4 Rev. Henry Selyns to Classis of Amsterdam — Account of the

beginning of his labors 487-491

Note on Stuyvesanfs Bouwery.

5 Form of Baptism 492

6 Stu\"\-esant to the Directors — English villages on Long Island

without preachers — Four other villages in need of preach-
ers — Blom and Selyns 492

25 Michael Siperius ( Zyperius ) 492-494

Dec. 1 Instructions of Charles I to the English Committee on Planta-
tions — As to Religion 494

24 Directors to Stuyvesant — Ministers for the English villages on
Long Island — INIap of Amsterdam — Church Bell for Brook-
lyn 494

— Evert Pietersen 495

Parsonage at Wiltwyck ( Esopus ) 495

24 Payments to Rev. E. Welius 496

1661.

Jan. 26 Payments to Rev. E. Welius 496

Jan.-Feb. Proceedings against Quakers on Long Island 496-499

Feb. 14 Conditions offered by West India Company to dissenters in

England to settle in America 499, 500

18 Petition from Newtown to use the Minister's house for a school. 500

501

Feb.-March. Rev. Drisius sent to Hempstead to baptize children

March 4 Contract between inhabitants of Esopus and Rev. Hermanus

Blom 501

29 Petition from Church of Midwout for assistance in paying for

building church 501

April 11 Religious and charitable goods exempt from certain fees 502

Spring Church of New Amsterdam to the West India Company 502

May 2, 9 Evert Pietersen appointed Schoolmaster 503

16 Court of Justice at Wild^vyck — Religion of the Judges 503

23 Letters from New Netherland, read 504

30 Rev. Samuel Megapolensis examined — Those baptized by Men-

nonites need not be re-baptized 503-505

July 1 Michael Cornelisz — Siperus 505

Table of Contents.

XXV

1661. PAGE.

June 7 Form of Baptism in the West Indies 505

12 Alexander Carolus Curtius offers to teach Latin on certain con-
ditions 506

9 Letter of Classis to Rev. Van Beaumont of Curaeoa, concerning
Rev. Michael Siperus — Baptism of Negroes, Indians and

their children 506-508

Aug. 8 Judicial decisions, in favor of legality of Quaker marriages,

cited .....' 508-510

Nov. 8 Proposals under which English churches may be planted in

New Netherland 510-512

28 Answer of Director and Council to Proposals of Nov. 8 — Ref-
erences to ordinances on parsonages, the sabbath and arrears
of ministers' salaries 511

18 Ordinance for observance of the Sabbath 512

19 Bricks purchased for Domine Blom 512

Dec. 5 Letter of Classis to Rev. Samuel Drisius — Re-baptism not

required — Michael Siperius 513-515

15 The Classis of Amsterdam to Rev. Gideon Schaats 515, 516

1662.
Jan. 26 Proclamation of a Day of Thanksgiving, etc., for March 15,

1662 516-518

Feb. 20 Beekman to Stuy^/esant — Aegidius Luyck 518

March 11 Further answer of Director, etc., to proposals of English to

settle in New Netherland. See Nov. 8 and 28, 1661 518-520

16 Beekman to Stuyvesant — Domine Laers 520

28 Repairs of Church of New Amsterdam 521

April — West India Company sell their rights on South River to City

of Amsterdam 521

20 New Amstel, Del. — Mennonites 521

30 Rev. Laurentius Carolus petitions for remission of a fine. . 521, 522

Harmen Van Hoboocken 522

May 16 Petition in reference to minister's salary at Hempstead and

Answer 523

30 Further answer of Director, etc., to Proposals of Nov. 8, 1661 . . 523

524

June 9 Contract for conveyance of Mennonites to South River . . 524, 525

Aug. 8 Rev. J. T. Polhemus to Classis of Amsterdam 525, 526

21 Call of Rev. Samuel Megapolensis to New Netherland 526

24 Complaint against Quakers at Flushing 526, 527

Orders against them, Sept. 9.

Sept. 4 Rev. Samuel Megapolensis 527

12 Petition to be allowed to collect funds for building a church at

Araesfoort 527

25 Rev. Samuel Megapolensis. chosen fnr New Netherland. . 527, 528
Oct. 2 Rev. Nicholas Rensselaer received as a candidate 528

2 Rev. Sninuel IMegapolcnsis, examined and ordained 528

Dec. 28 BushM'vok school affairs 529

1663

Jan.

April

May

June

xxvi Table of Contents. •

PAGE.

Church affairs in Midwout , 529

Pastor for New Amstel 529, 530

Directors to Stuyvesant — Huguenots; Quakers 530

Church at Amesfoort — Tithes 531

Request of Samuel Megapolensis for increase of salary — Min-
isters acting as physicians 531

6 Beekman to Stuyvesant — Rev. Abelius Zetscoorn 532

Rev. Samuel Megapolensis to Classis of Amsterdam — Lost.. 532
24 Beekman to Stuyvesant — Rev. Abelius Zetscoorn 632

24 Order to enforce the British Navigation Act in America 632

25 Deputies read a letter from Rev. Samuel Megapolensis — Ac-

tion thereon 532, 53.^

Sept. 11 Rev. J. T. Polhemus to the Classis of Amsterdam 533

18 Condition of Church of Kingston — Indian Massacre.... 534, 535

Nov. 6 Pastor for New Amstel 536

15 Beekman to Stuyvesant — Rev. Abelius Zetscoorn 536

Nov. 21 Stuyvesant to the Magistrates at Wiltwyck — Consistory must

not interfere with intestate estates 536, 537

Dec. 3 Answer of Rev. Blom to Stuyvesant about church affairs at

Wiltwyck 538

12 Magistrates at Wiltwyck to Stuyvesant — Church Affairs —

Court of Wiltwyck to Stuyvesant — Church Affairs .... 538, 539

17 Magistrates of Bergen concerning the schoolmaster 539, 540

1664.

Waldense and Huguenots emigrate to South River, 1656-

1663 — Population, 1664 540

Jan. 16 Return of Rev. Henry Selyns from New Netherland to Hol-
land 540, 541

20 Directors to Stuyvesant — Departure of Rev. Samuel Megapo-

lensis 541

Feb. 24 Subscriptions for defence ; 541

March 12 Extract from Patent of Charles II., to Duke of York, for terri-
tory of New Netherland 541

17 Ordinance to catechize the children 642

April 7 Letter from Rev. Polhemus received — Referred to the Depu-
ties — Deputati request the Directors to send another min-
ister to Brooklyn 542, 543

8 Letter from Rev. Polhemus read by the Deputies — Rev.

Schaats — Rev. Wernerus Hadson sent to South River .... 643

21 Rev. J. T. Polhemus to Classis of Amsterdam — Lack of united

effort 643

23 Secret Instructions to Col. R. Nicolls, in reference to religion
in New England, and in New Netherland — If conquered,

See Aug. 4, 1664 544, 545

;May 4 Letter of Rev. Blom to Director Stuyvesant as to annual

Tlianksgiving at Esopus for escape from Indian massacre, 545, 54&
"May 12 Report of Deputies on affair of Schaats — Correspondence

among the American churches suggested 546, 547

31 Proclamation of a Day of Thanksgiving 547

Table of Contents, xxvii

1664. PAGE.

June 9 Eev. Henry Selyns to Classis of Amsterdam 547-550

23 Letter read by the Deputies from Rev. Polhemus 551

July 17 Petition of Rev. Selyns to Director to be released 551

Aug. 4 Stuyvesant to the Directors; his fears of English fleet. (Two

translations.) The French refugees 551-553

4 Letter read from Rev. Selyns of June 9; from Rev. Polhemus

of April 21 553

Aug. 5-14 Rev. Samuel Drisius to Classis of Amsterdam — Sorrow at
departure of Rev. Selyns for Holland — Rev. Samuel Meg-
apolensis to succeed him — French on Staten Island sup-
plied by Drisius 554, 555

Sept. 5 Remonstrance of the people against resisting the English,

while without adequate resources 655-557

8 New Netherland conquered by the English (Aug. 29, O. S. ;

Sept. 8, N. S. ) 557-560

Abticles of Capitulation. Notes: On the English Policy
in the Conquest; on the Dutch Rule for the half century
preceding.

ADMINISTRATION OF COL. RICHARD NICOLLS.

8 Sept. 1664-1668.
1664.
Sept. 15 Rev. Samuel Drisius to Classis of Amsterdam on the surren-
der 560-562

29 Rev. Henricus Selyns, in Holland, gives a verbal report to the

Classis of Amsterdam 562

Oct. 10 Articles of Agreement on the surrender of Albany 563

1 1 Salary of Evert Pietersen, schoolmaster 563

14-20 Dutch refuse to take oath of allegiance to Great Britain until

assured that it does not conflict with Articles of Surrender . . 563

564
21-26 Names of the Dutch who swore allegiance to Great Britain, 564, 565
24 West India Company to the States General on the Surrender . . 565
Oct. 24-Nov. 1 Resolutions and action of the States General on the Sur-
render 565-567

Nov. 10 Letter of Drisius, on Surrender, read in Classis 568

1665.
Feb. 10 Concessions and Agreements of Carteret and Berkeley in New

Jersey, — bo far as they relate to Religion 569, 670

16 Rev. Matthias Nevius in New York 570

28 Gov. Nicolls calls a General Meeting of Deputies of the towns
of Long Island at Hempstead, L. I. — The Duke's Laws there

adopted: — So far as they relate to Religion 570-573

May 2 (O. S.) Certificate as to the loyalty of Peter Stuyvesant, at the

Surrender — Note 573, 574

June 17 Repairs of Graveyard 574

xxviii Table of Contents.

16C5. FAQE.

Aug. 1 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Hoorn 574

Art. 15. Extract of letter of Rev. Samuel Drisius was read,

respecting the transfer of New Netherland 574

Sept. 7 Letter from Rev. Drisius, read — Desires to return to Holland

— To be asked to remain 574, 575

19 Salary of Evert Pietersen, schoolmaster 575

Oct. 19 Extracts from Stuys^esant's Report on the surrender.... 575-577
Nov. 13 The City advances money to repair Graveyard 577

1666.

Feb. 20 Salary of Evert Pietersen, schoolmaster 577

April — Aegidius Luyck testifies about Surrender 578

3, 5 Minister's support at Seatalcott 578

May 8 Rent for sehoolhouse to be paid 578

June 13 Election of Churchmasters, New York 578

Aug. 7 Land at Domine's Point 579

16 Rev. John Megapolensis to Classis of Amsterdam 679

17 C. Van Ruyven to Stuyvesant 579

Sept. 6 Rev. Henry Selyns, called to Waverveen, Holland — Rev. Aegi-
dius Luyck 580-582

Oct. 9 Percentage to Collector of Salary for minister 582

11 Rev. Henry Selyns 582, 583

13 English Governor tolerates the Lutherans 583

18 Letter from J. Megapolensis, read: defending his advice to sur-

render New Netherland 583

25 Rev. Peter Tesschenmaker , 584

30 Percentage to Collector of Salary for minister 584

Dec. 10 Megapolensis's defence rejected by the XIX 584

1666-1667.

Reply of West India Company to Stm'\-esant's answer .... 584-586
1667.

Feb. 7 Voluntary subscription for support of minister 586

May 7 Rev. Gideon Schaats to the Classis of Amsterdam 587

June 18 Arrearages for ministers salaries to be paid 588

Aug. 8 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Edam 588, 589

Art. 12. Indian Affairs — Megapolensis's defence.
Art. 53. Ministerial changes — Rev. Casparus de Carpen-
tier: Rev. Henry Selyns.

15 Aegidus Luyck 589

16 Rev. Wm. (Guilhelmus) Nieuwenhuyscn, received as candidate. 589

29 Aegidius Luyck 590

Oct. 10-20. Colonel Nicolls to Father Pierron 590

19 Election of Churchmasters, New York 591

1668.
Jan. 2 Candidates for Indian churches, approved — Rev. Wm. Nieu-
wenhuyscn 591, 592

11 Abram De la Nov, schoolmaster 593

30 Rev. Wm. Niuwenhuysen 592, 593

Table of Contents. xxix

1668. PAGE.

Aug. 27 Testimonials as to the loyalty of Domine Megapolensis at the

surrender — Rev. Hermanus Blom 593

28 Eev. Hermanus Blom back in Holland 594

Sept. 3 Rev. Hermanus Blom 594

4 Election of Orphanmasters 594

7 Rev. Samuel Megapolensis to a friend 594-597

ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR FRANCIS LOVELACE.

Sept. 17, 1668-1637, Aug. 9.
1668.

Sept. 24 Domines bouwerie at Esopus 597

Oct. 1 Rev. Hermanus Blom — Letter received from Rev. Drisius .... 598

Nov. 5 Rev. Hermanus Blom — Letter from Rev. Drisius, read ^^98

19 Gov. Lovelace to Rev. Mr. James 598-600

1669.

Jan. 21 Letter from Rev. Samuel Megapolensis, read 600

Feb. 16 Evert Pietersen 600

March 27 Rev. Francis Doughty 600, 601

April 17-27 Rev. John Megapolensis to Classis of Amsterdam — Arrears
of salary — State of the Church under the English — Luth-
erans 601-603

July 1 New Netherland — Case of discipline — Rev. Samuel Megapo-
lensis — Rev. Samuel Drisius 603, 604

July 3 Salaries of Megapolensis and Drisius 604

29 Rev. Samuel Drisius — Rev. Gideon Schaats 605

Aug. 5 Salary of Rev. Drisius 605

6 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Haarlem 605, 606

Art. 8. Indian Affairs.

Extracts from letter of Rev. John Megapolensis.
Art. 15. Rev. Samuel Megapolensis.
Sept. 15 Gov. Lovelace to the Magistrates of New Castle — Rev. Fabri-

tius 606, 607

1670.
Jan. 24 Church of New York to Classis of Amsterdam — Death of Rev.
John Megapolensis — Drisius feeble — Desire for return of

Selyns 607, 608

25 Election of Churchmasters, New York 609

April 13 Gov. Lovelace to Gov. Carr of New Castle — Rev. Fabritius. . . 609

22 Rent of City-school to be paid 609

June 5 Church of New York to Classis of Amsterdam — Drisius feeble

— The chorister conducts service 610

28 Gov. Lovelace guarantees a salary to any Dutch minister who
will come to America — Letter from Church of New York,

read in Classis 611

July 28 Letter from New York, read in Classis 612

XXX Table of Contents.

1670. PAGE,

Aug. 5 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Amsterdam 612, 613-

Art. 7. Indian Affairs.

Abstract of letter of Church of New York of Jan.
24, 1670.
Art. 40. Ministerial changes.

Rev. Samuel Megapolensis.
Art. 41. Loss of Synodical Acts, 1618-19 — Recovered —
Translated into Dutch.

Sept. 10 The Classis of Amsterdam to Church of New York 613, 614

Dec. 1 Letters from New York reported — Gov. Lovelace's offer 615

9 Effort to find ministers to go to New York 615

1671.

Montanus's Description of New York 615, 618

Jan. 19 Order concerning Domine Polhemus 616

March 16 Letters from New York — Rev. Wm. Nieuwenhuysen chosen

minister for New York 616, 617

28 Rev. Aegidius Luyck requested to assist Rev. Drisius 617

April 6 Rev. Rudolphus Varick '. 617, 618

May 16 Arrears of salary of ministers 618

July 10 Gov. Lovelace rebukes the minister at Southold for undue se-
verity 618, 619

11 How salary for new Dutch minister is to be raised 619

14 Ministers' salaries 619, 620

Aug. 4 et seq. Synod of North Holland at 620

Art. 12. Indian Affairs — Letter from New York of June 5,
1670 — Ministerial changes — Rev. Wm. Nieu-
wenhuysen.
Aug. 10 Order for a new assessment to pay for a parsonage in Brooklyn. 620

11 Rev. Jacob Fabritius permitted to preach his farewell 621

Dec. 5 Support of a poor Lutheran 621

21 Each church to maintain its own poor 621, 622

1672.

Jan. 5 Ministers for East Indies — Rev. Rudolphus Varick 622

16 Permit to raise moneys in Delaware for Lutheran Church in

New York 622

March 5 Domine Luyck paid for his services 623

21 Governor's order to pay Mr. Charlton, schoolmaster at Hemp-
stead 623

21 Church in the Fort to be repaired 623

April 4 Rev. Nicolas Van Rensselaer received as a candidate in Classis

of Amsterdam ■ 623, 624

June? The Church of New York to the Classis of Amsterdam — Rev.

Van Nieuwenhuysen 624

July 13 Contract for salary between Church of New York and Rev.

Nieuwenhuysen 625, 626

Sept. 13 Letter from New York without date, read — Van Nieuwen-
huysen 626

Table of Contents. xxxi

1672. PAGE.

Dec. 6 Concessions, as to Religion, made by Carteret and Berkeley,

Proprietors of East Jersey 627

1672?

Petition of Lutherans for four hundred acres of land on the

Delaware 627

1673.

Aug. 8 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Edam 628

Art. 12. Indian Affairs — Undated letter from New York
(of June, 1672?), read.
Aug. 9 Reconquest of New York by the Dutch 628

ADMINISTRATION OF GOV. ANTHONY COLVE.
Aug. 9, 1673 — Nov. 10, 1G74.

1673.

Nathan Gould's Account of the reconquest of New York by the

Dutch 628, 629

Orders to the several towns to send delegates to swear allegiance

to the Dutch 629, 630

Aug. 14 Petitions from the English towns on Long Island for freedom

of religion, etc 630

15 Dutch Magistrates in New York appointed — only of the Re-
formed Religion — The Oath exacted 630

18 Petitions from the English in New Jersey for Freedom of Re-
ligion 631, 632

24 Form of Oath for Town Magisti^tes 632

28 Ordinance for better observance of the Sabbath 632, 633

29 Forms of Oath for the Dutch and English, respectively 633

Sept. 1 Petition from Kingston for help to support their minister.... 634

1 Petition from Albany as to iheir rights under the restored

Dutch Government 634

8 The Corporation of New Orange (New York) to the States
General, respecting the means for prosperity in New Nether-
land 635, 636

26 Freedom of Religion granted to Lutherans at Albany 636

27 Instructions for Andries Draeyer, Commandant at Fort Nassau. 636

29 Others than Quakers to be elected at Shrewsbury, N. J 636

29 Instructions for Peter Aldrichs, Commander at South River. . . 637

Oct. 1 Instructions for the Magistrates of the Dutch villages on Long

Island 637

Nov. 15 Proclamation for a Day of Humiliation and Prayer 637

Dec. 9-19 The States General to Charles II 639

1674.

Jan. 15 Magistrates to be only of tbe Reformed Religion 640

17 Case of Rev. Jacob Fabritius 640

Feb. 15 Case of Rev. Jacob Fabritius 640

24 Petition against Rev. J. Fabritius 041

xxxu

Table of Contents.

1674.
March 17

April 9

May 9

June 16

July

26
1

17
23

Summer

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

PAGE.
Valuation of Property of Inhabitants of New Orange (New

York) 641-643

Charles II. to States General 644

Rev. Rolandus Carpentier 644, 645

States General to Governor of New Netherland 645

Rev. Fabritius forbidden to baptize 645

Case between Wm. Teller and Gideon Schaats 646

Punishment for disturbing Public Worship 646

Maintenance of Minister at Jamaica 646, 647

Petition of Widow Megapolensis for arrears of husband's sal-
ary, with action thereon ; June 27 647

Arrears of salary of Rev. Megapolensis 648

Instructions to Gov. Andros: as to religion 648

Complaint against Rev. Fabritius 649

Petition of Church of New York, and confirmation of their

title to the Church in the Fort — Dutch and English 649

Duke of York recommends Rev. Nicholas Van Rensselaer to

one of the Dutch Churches 649, 650

Merchants to the Admiralty at Amsterdam 651, 652

Rev. Wm. Van Nieuwenhuysen to Classis of Amsterdam —

Death of Rev. Drisius — Treaty of Peace — Holland vs.

France — Condition of Church — Questions 652-655

Order to put the Duke's Laws of Feb. 28, 1665 in force in New

York 655, 656

Action on the Labadists sent to New York 656

Petition of the Lutherans of Williamstadt for Leave to bury

their Dead 659, 660

Election of Churchmasters 660

Rev. Roelandius Carpentier 661

Churchmasters confirmed 661

Conditions of Re-surrender 662

ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR EDMUND ANDROS.

1674.
Nov.

Nov.

Dec.

Oct. 31, Nov. 10, 1674-1683.

Committee to welcome Gov. Andros 663

Pass to Rev. B. Arensius, Lutheran, to go to Albany 663

Proclamation by Gov. Andros, confirming all right as existing

before 663, 664

Petition of the Lutherans about non-contributors 664

Letter from Rev. Nieuwenhuysen, read 664, 665

Inhabitants of Hempstead petition the Governor for a minister. 665
The Classis of Amsterdam to Rev. Wm. Nieuwenhuysen. . 667, 668
Anneke Jans propertj' (owned by Gov. Lovelace), confiscated

to Duke of York 668

Table of Contents. xxxiii

1675. PAGE.

March 16 Petition of Dutch Burghers of New York to Gov. Andros, as

to the form of the oath of allegiance 669, 670

16 Petition of the Dutch Burghers to the States General, as to

said oath 671, 672

May 27 Rev. Henry Selyns, Chaplain in the Dutch Army 672

June 1 Petition of Lutherans for confirmation of grant of land on the
Delaware of 1672; and for confirmation of Domines Laers

and Fabritius as their ministers 672, 673

Declaration of Magistrates of New Castle 673

Order summoning Ogle and Fabritius before the Governor. . . . 674

July 26 Warrant sent to Fabritius and Ogle 674

Aug. 1 ? Petition of Fabritius relative to changes made 675

July 29 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Haarlem 675, 676

Art. 30. Labadists.

Aug. 14 Remonstrance against the ministry of Fabritius 676

26 Letter from Rev. Selyns on the religious condition of the

Dutch army 676

Sept. 7 Rev. Gideon Schaats to Classis of Amsterdam 676, 677

15 Suspension of Rev. Fabritius 677

15 Duke of York to Gov. Andros, concerning those who refused to

take an unconditional oath 677

25 Domine Van Nieuwenhuysen summoned before the Council —

Nicholas Van Rensselaer case 678, 67'J

25-30 Defence of Rev. Van Nieuwenhuysen in reference to the claims

of Rev. Nicholas Van Rensselaer 679-681

30 Answer of Domine Van Nieuwenhuysen 681

Oct. 1 Conditions under which Van Nieuwenhuysen is willing that

Van Rensselaer should officiate in a Dutch Chiirch. . . . 681, 682

2 Promise of Van Rensselaer to conform 682

1676.

Dec. 26 Rev. Henry Selyns reports on his army life 682

March 30 Classis fail to get West India Company to pay arrearages of

salary of Megapolensis 683

April 27 The widow Megapolensis 683

Petition of inhabitants of Esopus for a minister: — Rev. Peter

Tesschenmaker 683, 684

May 20-30 Rev. Wm. Van Nieuwenhuysen to the Classis of Amsterdam

— Rev. Van Rensselaer case 684-686

26 Widow Megapolensis 686

July 20 Rev. Casparus Van Zuuren 686-687

Aug. 15 Affidavits as to Rev. John Megapolensis's loyalty 687

29 Rev. Wm. Van Nieuwenhuysen to Classis of Amsterdam . . 688, 089

Sept. 8 Arrest and release of Domine Van Rensselaer 689

15 Domine Van Rensselaer gives bail 689

16 Case of Rev. Van Rensselaer 689, 690

18 Leysler vs. Van Rensselaer 690

23 Case of Rev. Van Rensselaer 690

28 Case of Revs. Schaats and Van Rensselaer 690, 691

iii

xxxiv Table of Contents.

1677. PAGE.

Oct. 23 Case of Rev. Van Rensselaer 691

Petition from Huntington, L. I., against Quakers 691, 692

March 15 Rev. Casparus Van Zueren — Letter from Rev. Van Nieuwen-
huysen, read — Death of Rev. Polhemus — Desire for return
of Rev. Selyns — Rev. Van Zuuren 692, 693

July 17 Memorial of Bishop of London respecting churches in the Plan-
tations 693

26 Extracts from letters — Van Nieuwenhuysen 694

Aug. 10 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Hoorn 695, 696

Art. 9. Extract of Indian AflFairs. j

Abstract of letter of Van Nieuwenhuysen of July
27, 1676.
Art. 55. Ministerial changes.

Rev. Casparus Van Zuuren.
Rev. Samuel Megapolensis.
Sept. 26 Church of Kingston to Classis of Amsterdam 697

27 Petition of the three villages, Kingston, Marbletown and Hur-

ley, to Gov. Andros, to be permitted to call a preacher.. 697-699
30 Rev. Casparus Van Zuuren to Classis of Amsterdam.,.. 699-704
Oct. 4 Petition of East and North Ridings of Long Island for support

of ministers, schoolmasters, etc 705

1677-1678.

The Classis of Amsterdam to Rev. Casparus Van Zuuren. 705, 706

1678.

March 7 Call of ministers: Rev. Laurentus Gaasbeek to Esopus 706

18 Huntington and its clergyman 708

Jan.? Answer of Governor Andros to enquiries about New England

(Received April 16, 1678) 709

Jan.- Answer of Governor Andros to enquiries of Council of trade,

about New York. (Received April 9, 1678) 709

May 2 Van Zueren's letters 709

June 24 Matthias Nicols to Rev. Prudden of Jamaica 710

July 15 Friends in West Jersey resolve to hold Monthly Meetings 710

Aug. 1 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Enckhuysen 710

Art. 9. Rev. Rudolphus Varick, received under care of

Synod.
Art. 10. Ministerial changes.

Rev. Laurence Gaasbeeck.

Oct. 15 English Church Service in New York 711

30 Rev. Casparus Van Zueren to Classis of Amsterdam 711-719

1678-1680.

Rev. Charles Wooley, chaplain to Gov. Andros 720

1679.

Feb. 6 Minister's House at Albany — Rev. Schaats 720

May 4 Rev. Casparus Van Zueren to Domine Cornelius Danckerts of

Amsterdam 721, 722

26 Prevention of Quaker Meetings at Hempstead 723

July 24 Letters from Van Suren (Van Zueren) 723

Table of Contents. xxxv

1679 PAGE.

Aug. 4 et seq. Synod of North Holland at Edam 723, 724

Art. 32. Labadists — Coelman.
Art. 61. Ministerial changes.

Died, Rev. William Grasmeer.
Rev. Gerardus Beekman.
Martinus Lydius.
Theodore Brouwer.
Entered: Rev. Rudolphus Varick.
Sept. 30 Order of Gov. Andros to the Dutch ministers to examine and

ordain Rev. Peter Tesschenmaker 724-726

Oct. 9 Copy of the proceedings of the meeting which ordained Peter

Teschenmaker 726, 727

15-25 Rev. Laurentius Van Gaasbeeck to the Classis of Amster-
dam 727-729

Nov. — The four Dutch ministers, Schaats, Van Nieuwenhuysen, Van
Zueren and Van Gaasbeeck, to Classis of Amsterdam.
(About the first ordination in State of New York, that of

Peter Teschenmaker) 730-733

A Minute by an unknown party, about the ordination of Peter

Teschenmaker 733-735

Dec. 4 Letters from Rev. Van Zueren, read 735

31 Commissioners of Schenectady to certain merchants in Amster-
dam to procure them a minister 735

1680.

Jan. 24 Minister's house at Flatbush ». 736

29 Letter of the four Dutch ministers (Nov. 1679) who ordained

Teschenmaker, read 737

Domine Schaats and the Lutherans 737, 738

The Classis of Amsterdam to the Dutch ministers in America,

approving ordination of Teschenmaker 739

2 The Classis of Amsterdam to the churches of Long Island.. 740, 741
21 The Classis of Amsterdam to Rev. Caspar Van Zueren. . . 742, 743
31 Proposals to raise funds to build a new Dutch Church in New

York 743

4 Petition of Quakers against fines for celebrating marriages —

Certificate for Reverend Charles Wolley 744

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

1. Frontispiece — New York City about 1667. page.

2. Seal of the Classis of Amsterdam, Adopted 1638 68

3. North East and South East Corners of Broad Street and Ex-

change Place at the Close of the 17th Century 164

4. Father Isaac Jogues 2i4

5. Sample of Old Manuscript oog

6. Address of Letter of Eev. Henry Selyns 540

7. Dutch House in New York City, 1679 641

8. Sample of Old Manuscript gg^

INTRODUCTION.

WORTH OF HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS — BY THE REV.
EDWARD T. CORWIN, D. D.

The worth of contemporary documents for the writing of his-
tory needs no discussion. The zeal of Americans in searching
out and accumulating such material has steadily increased since
the opening of the nineteenth century. By the aid of Historical
Societies and of Legislatures, thousands of valuable documents
have been rescued from destruction or oblivion.

Interest of the State of ]^ew York in Sijoh Documents.*

The State of 'New York has ever done and is yet doing its share
in securing and preserving original documents for the elucida-
tion of her history. Historical inquiry is always an incentive to
progress, in whatever department it is pursued. It was under
such a spirit that the New York Historical Society was founded
in 1804, " The principal design of which should be to collect and
preserve whatever may relate to the natural, civil or ecclesiastical
history of the United States, in general, and of this State," New
York, " in particular."

This Society had not pursued its objects very long, before it
was discovered that the attainment of such objects, so various,
comprehensive and important, requiring so much knowledge,
research, industry and expense, was beyond the means or ability
of individual enterprise. Hence the Legislature granted a char-

• Bee " Introduction " in Vol. i. of Col. Docb. New Torli.

6 Introduction.

ter to the said Society in 1809, to facilitate its work, having
already frequently befriended it by its munificence before.

It was this Society, in a Memorial prepared by De Witt Clinton
in 1814, which pointed out to the Legislature, the necessity and
importance of searching Archives in Europe in order to obtain
documents for an authentic history of the State. After repeated
overtures on this subject, and much preliminary work, in order
to understand what material was already on hand, the New York
Historical Society again memorialized the Legislature in 1839 on
the importance of securing official documents from Europe, and
asked that the Legislature would make an appropriation to this
end, and appoint an agent to do the work.

The Memorial was transmitted to the Legislature by Governor
Seward, with a special message recommending it.

A Select Committee was appointed by the House, (Loring D.
Chapin, Chairman), who made a report. This report spoke of the
former indifference to historical studies; of the importance of
transcripts from foreign Archives; of the design of Historical
Societies, and their great importance; of the Tvash of the New
York Historical Society to have an Agent sent to Europe; of the
fact that other States were doing this; of the high position of
New York State in the Union; of the only history of New York
yet existing — that of William Smith — which was a mere narra-
tive, and that New York had yet no reliable history; of the fact
that the relations with Holland and England had been most inti-
mate, and that there must be many documents in their Archives,
relating to New York, as well as in those of Erance; and therefore
it was suggested that four thousand dollars be appropriated, as it
woidd take at least two years to make the searches.

The Appointment of J. Romeyn Brodhead.

A Bill was passed May 2, 1839, that an Agent be appointed to
visit England, Holland and Erance to secure copies of all desirable

iNTRODIJCTIOISr. 7

documents, to be deposited in the office of the Secretary of State,
subject to the use of the l^&w York Historical Society. Four
thousand dollars were appropriated to this object.

The Act was purposely made broad and indefinite. The Agent
was to exercise his discretion in selecting any documents or papers
relating to, or in any way affecting the Colonial or other history
of the State.

In January, 1841, J. Romeyn Brodhead was selected as such
Agent. He had been already attached to the American Legation
at the Hague. He spent considerable time at Albany before start-
ing on his mission, to learn what documents were already there in
order to avoid duplications.

On March 27, 1841, he received specific instructions from Gov-
ernor Seward: — In these, reference was first made to the Act
appointing an Agent and its design, and that the " Instructions "
now given were only advisory. Reference was made to the benefit
of possessing such documents; to the fact that there must be a
great quantity of official material relating to America, in Holland,
England and France; that copies of the Instructions to the Eng-
lish Governors would be of great use, as well as those to the
French Governors of Canada; indeed, that all papers in the Euro-
pean Archives relating to ISTew JSTetherland or ISTew York should
be secured. He was first to visit Holland, then England, then
France, and to report to the Governor, and ask further advice.

Brodhead sailed on May 1, 1841. On February 1, 1845, he
made an elaborate report to the Governor, Silas Wright, who
transmitted it to the Legislature, the substance of which is as
follows :

Brodhead's Repoet.

Brodhead's report to the Governor first refers to the anti-
quarian spirit which led to the formation of the Historical
Society, and to his appointment; of his interviews vsdth Mr. Steven-
son, the American Minister in England; of the difficulties of

8 Intboductiok.

obtaining access to the documents in England; and of the nec«e-
sity of temporarily leaving England without success, and pro-
ceeding to Holland.

In Holland he was cordially received, and through Mr. Bleecker,
the American Charge d' Affaires, the King became interested, and
secured him every facility to the Archives. Reference is then
made to the riches of the Holland Archives, and their convenient
arrangement, as well as the excellence of the indexing. He refers
to the difficulties of the early chirography. He was greatly dis-
appointed, however, to find that the Records of the West India
Company had been sold in 1821, for old paper. In Holland, he
obtained about four thousand pages of transcripts.

In December, 1841, he returned to London. He now found
Mr. Everett there as Minister of the United States, who had
instructions from the President to apply to the British Govern-
ment to secure facilities for Mr. Brodhead to make searches in
the English Archives. Lord Aberdeen was Secretary of State.
Upon Mr. Everett's stating the general object of Mr. Brodhead's
mission, success finally crowned his efforts, April, 1842, yet not
without embarrassments and delays.

Mr. Brodhead in his Report here gives an account of the super-
vision of the State Paper Office from 1660 onward, and of the
Records of the Board of Trade, which relate chiefly to the Ameri-
can colonies. This "Board of Trade" was organized May 15,
1696, by William III, and was continued until 1782. Its Rec-
ords make two thousand volumes. This Board had general charge
of the Plantations, nominated the Governors for the Colonies,
and reported on their respective administrations, upon the Colonial
Acts, and examined the Instructions sent to them. Brodhead
here describes the various sets of Records. He examined over
five hundred volumes. He also describes his visits to the British
Museum and other Libraries. He obtained in England about
seventeen thousand pages of transcripts. The documents relat-
ing to New York are only full and complete after 1696.

Introdttction. 9

He then describes his going to Paris, and the facilities secured
to him through Mr. Cass, American Minister in France. The
French Government, from the first, showed every courtesy that
could be desired. He describes the French Archives in part. He
there secured six thousand pages of transcripts.

He embarked for home on July 7, 1844. He states that he was
obliged to limit his researches from lack of funds. He at once
reported to the Governor, on his arrival, and spent the rest of the
year in making a Calendar of the papers secured. He used the
dates of the Historical Year, beginning January 1, rather than of
the then English Legal Year, beginning March 25th, and also so
as to avoid the confusion of Old and ]!!Tew Style.

He expended in all twelve thousand dollars, not to speak of
considerable private expense incurred besides.

Action on Bkodhead's Report.

This Report with the Governor's message was referred to a
special Committee, who reported on May 5, 1845 :

They said, in substance : — • A respect for the memorials of the
past was a mark of advanced civilization. Savages and irrational
animals care only for the present, and are indifferent to the past
and the future. With the growth of intelligence there comes
solicitude for the future; but it requires a still higher degree of
progress to develop an interest in the past. The monuments of
antiquity are passed by as rubbish, until an enlightened desire
is awakened to understand the foundations of society, and the
sources of national greatness. America was long reproached
because she took no pains to preserve her ancient records. This
was no longer true.

To remove this reproach, it was only necessary to show the char-
acter of its early founders, whose Fatherland was a model of free-
dom and prosperity. The Report then referred to the action of
the Historical Society and to the Act of the Legislature appoint-

I
10 Introduction.

ing an Agent to go to Europe to procure copies of all important
documents; of the successive appropriations aggregating twelve
thousand dollars; of the appointment of Brodhead, and of his
efforts, with the voluminous results. Certain of the early inter-
esting documents were referred to. It was recommended that
the documents in foreign languages should be translated. The
Report referred to the great lack of documents and even of any
proper knowledge of jSTew York before 1638, until these docu-
ments were brought over. A letter of Bancroft was also referred
to, expressing his deep sense of their importance.

FuKTHEE Action on the Brodhead Documents.

The Brodhead documents remained for several years in the
condition in which they were, when deposited in the Secretary's
office. They were subsequently removed to the new State Hall
at Albany. Secretary Morgan then had all the other records
arranged and bound, making two hundred large folio volumes.
It was now suggested that a general Calendar of the entire Archives
should be made.

In 1848 an Act was passed for translating certain of these Dutch
and French documents. This was done by Dr. E. B. O'Callaghan,
and on January 5, 1849, these were ordered to be printed. In
April, 1850, a second volume of Documentary History was printed,
containing some of the Brodhead documents. On March 30, 1849,
another Act was passed to provide for the further publication of
Colonial Documents.

It was finally determined to print all the documents, and Dr.
O'Callaghan was appointed General Manager. In Assembly
Document 66 (1851), and Senate Document 24 (1853), and the
annual reports of the Comptroller, may be found detailed state-
ments of the progress of this work. The publication was to
consist of ten quarto volimies. Volumes 1 and 2 were to be Hol-
land Documents ; volumes 3 to 8, London Documents ; and volumes

Introduction. 11

9 and 10, Paris Documents. Volume 3 was first issued. This
was in 1853, and the others rapidly appeared.

The Usefulness of these Documents.

Accurate histories of the Empire State in part or in whole, have
greatly multiplied since the State has possessed this material. We
need only refer to O'Oallaghan's History of l^ew iNetherland,
coming down to 1664; Brodhead's History of New York, coming
down. to 1691. Mr. Brodhead died in 1873. We need not speak
of many others. Scores also of local histories have heen written,
drawing chiefly, or largely, from this material. Histories also of
Religious Denominations and of individual churches have multi-
plied : as Perry's History of the Episcopal Church ; Shea's History
of the Catholic Church; Corwin's Manual of the Eeformed
Church ; Briggs' History of Presbyterianism, and many others ; be-
sides the thirteen volumes of the American Church History Series,
embracing all denominations. Almost every one of these histories
resorted to this great storehouse of facts — the Documentary His-
tory and Colonial Documents — furnished by the State of !N'ew
York, for much of their material.

The further history of the procurement of Ecclesiastical Docu-
ments by Mr. Brodhead in 1841-4, and of the subsequent addi-
tions to the same, may perhaps be best given by extracts from a
Report made by the writer, who recently spent fifteen months in
Holland on a similar business:

When Mr. Brodhead started on his mission, the Rev. Dr.
Thomas De Witt, one of the pastors of the Collegiate Church of
New York, requested him to seek access also to some of the Eccle-
siastical Archives in Holland, (See Brodhead's Address, 1844, p.
8,) to ascertain whether there was not material to be found
therein which would throw light on the early history of the
churches of New York and New Jereey. This request was in

12 Introduction.

perfect harmony with, his main enterprise, and he cheerfully
consented. His letter, making application to the ecclesiastical
authorities in Holland, in 1841, for permission to search their
Archives, was found by the writer in his recent researches, as
well as several letters of Rev. Thomas De Witt bearing on the
same subject. Mr. Brodhead's application begins as follows :

" The undersigned, commissioned by the Governor of the State
of New York, as Agent, for the purpose of procuring in Holland,
England and France, documents illustratiag the early history of
the State, begs leave to submit a few observations to your Rev.
body ". He then briefly refers to the early planting of the
in their (Holland) Archives for the elucidation of the social and
religious history of the State. He adds : " The Revolutionary
War . . . was no doubt the cause why so many of our
precious records and memorials, which were deposited with the
different churches and ministers, are not now to be found. Great
exertions have been made, and are now making, to recover what-
ever is possible of these papers. . . . Unless the requisite-
material can be procured, it is obvious that we can never hope to
have a full and perfect history of our church written, which is
now an object of such great interest. . . . The documents
and papers in the Archives of the Classis " (of Amsterdam) " relat-
ing to the churches in 'New iN'etherland . . . are of the high-
est importance to the historian in New York. . . . They
would furnish a rich treasure from whence to draw materials for
the contemplated history . . . and would perpetuate the
remembrance of former times, and of the gratitude due to our
ancestors of the Fatherland. . . . ".

" Submitting most respectfully these observations to the Rev.
Classis,

The undersigned has the honor to be. Reverend Gentlemen,
Your obedient servant,
Amsterdam, J. Romeyn Brodhead."

6th Sept. 1841. '.

Inteoduotion. 13

His request was cheerfully granted. Mr. Brodhead, however,
could not make these particular searches himself, but he employed
Mr. Prins, then Stated Clerk of the Olassis of Amsterdam, and
a Mr. Vander Broek, an elder of the church there, and who
had also been the United States Consul in Amsterdam, to make
these searches for him. They did not, however, make their
investigations exhaustive.

They examined FIRST, as the Documents then obtained, show,
the seven volumes of the Correspondence, in which the letters
of the Classis of Amsterdam to their Colonial Churches in all
quarters of the world, were recorded. Transcripts were made
from these volumes, of much of the material relating to America,
amounting to about nine hundred pages.

In the SECOND PLACE, the parties employed to make these
searches, sought out the letters sent from America to the Classis.
Eor while the Classis kept copies of the letters which they sent
to the churches abroad, the letters from the Foreign Churches
to the Classis, were kept on file. At the time of Mr. Brodhead's
visit, (1841), they were stored away in bundles, according to some
method of classification, not now exactly understood. Out of
hundreds of such bundles, only seven were then found relating
to America. Five of these bundles related to the Dutch Churches
of !N"ew York and ISTew Jersey, and two of them to the German
Churches in 'New York, ISTew Jersey and Pennsylvania. These
seven bundles Avere placed in Mr, Brodhead's hands as a loan to
the General Synod of the Reformed Dutch Church in America,
for the term of four years, 1842-46. It was supposed at the time,
that these embraced all the letters, which had been written in
America, and sent to the Classis. At the end of the four years,
upon the earnest and repeated request of Rev. Dr. Thomas De
Witt, the ownership of these original letters was transferred ab-
solutely to the General Synod of the Dutch Church in America.

14 In^tkodtjction".

Tbaistsi^tion of the Brodhead Ecclesiastical Material.

isTow most of this Correspondence then obtained, — both that of
the Classis to America, and that of the American Churches to the
Classis — was translated about 1875, under the auspices of the
Synod's Committee for the selection of books for the Sage Library
(in l^ew Brunswick, K J.)^ This work was done by students of
Dutch descent, then in the Theological Seminary at New Bruns-
wick, IN". J. But these translations did not always prove to be in
the best English idiom. They have, therefore, been revised by
the writer, as opportunity permitted during the intervening years.
This material which was secured by Mr. Brodhead, approximates
to a couple of thousand pages and was largely utilized^ by the
writer in his Article on " The Church in the Colonial Period ",
in the volume known as " The Centennial Discourses^" 1876 ; and
also in the Third Edition of his " Manual of the Eeformed Church
in America, 1879."

Calendar of the Brodhead Ecclesiastical Material.

But while engaged in the preparation of the works just alluded
to, the writer gradually made for his own use a " Calendar " in
Chronological order, of all the ecclesiastical material obtained by
Brodhead, as well as of other similar material in the possession
of the Synod. He also included in this Calendar the titles of other

1 This Committee consisted of the Faculty of the New Brunswick Seminary — Rev.
Drs. S. M. Woodbridge, John De Witt, David Demarest, Abraham B. Van Zandt,
together with a Committee of co-operation — Rev. Drs. Talbot W. Chambers,
Chester D. Hartranft and Edward T. Corwin. In 1878 Dr. Hartranft removed to
Hartford, Ct., and Rev. Dr. Jacob Cooper, of Rutgers College, was appointed in his
place. Meetings were held monthly for ten years, 1875-85, and books amounting to
sixty thousand dollars were added to the Sage Library. This Library contains the
best collection on Holland, civil and ecclesiastical, in America.

* Broadhead in his history of New York, which unfortunately only extends down
to 1691, constantly quotes from these letters. A third volume of his History of New
York, 1691-1705, was almost ready for the press in 1873, when he died. Could not
this portion of his papers yet be recovered and edited? They cover a very important
period, 1691-1705, in the history of New York. O'Callaghan also quotes from these
same documents.

Introduction. 15

documents, incidentally alluded to, in the documents already pos-
sessed.^

As lie proceeded in this work, it became increasingly evident
that hardly half the Holland documents, which were certainly once
in existence, were now in the possession of the Church in this
country. This fact was confirmed by Rev. E. Randall Hoes, a
chaplain in the l!^avy, and a devoted student of Colonial Church
History, who visited Holland in 1885, and spent a month in the
Church Archives. He found two portfolios containing more than
three hundred documents written in America, mostly additional
to those obtained by Brodhead. He also noticed that the Minutes
of the various ecclesiastical bodies — those of the Classis and of the
Deputies — had not been examined in 1841, at least to any great
extent. He reported these facts to the General Synod of 1887,
and that Body, understanding that Rev. E. T. Corwin was about
to visit Holland for his health, authorized him to negotiate for the
additional material. (See Minutes of Greneral Synod, 1887, pages
440-2.) He could not secure a meeting of the Classis, as the minis-
ters, with two exceptions, were out of Amsterdam on their vaca-
tion; but he obtained access to the Archives, and he was abun-
dantly confirmed in the belief that there was a large quantity of
additional material. He, therefore, addressed a communication
to the Classis, explaining the -wish of the Synod; referring to the
material before obtained in 1841, and of the loan and ultimate
gift of the letters from America to the Synod; and of the desire
of the Synod to translate and print all the documents relating to
America, when the collection was complete. This communication
was translated into Dutch and fifty copies printed for distribu-
tion among members of the Classis. The Classis in due time
replied, expressing their joy at the interest manifested in these
historical studies in America, and their willingness to facilitate

» This Calendar was alao made ultimately to include references to most of the
similar material, both civil and ecclesiastical, relating to all phases of our colonial
■church history, of all denominations.

1^ Inteoduction.

them in any way in their power; but they could not comply
with the Synod's request. They could not loan documente, and
could not even consider the matter of selling them, as they be-
longed to the " TJniversitas."

Eeseaeches by De. Cobwin, 1897-8. — Peepaeatoey and

Geneeal.

The above facts were duly reported to the Synod of 1888 (pages
685-6), but the matter remained in abeyance for several years. In
1895, however, Eev. Dr. T. W. Chambers requested the writer to
furnish a copy of his Calendar of these ecclesiastical documents
obtained by Brodhead, for the Library of the Collegiate Church,
that renewed efforts might be initiated by that Church to
secure the additional material. The Calendar would show what
documents were already on hand, and avoid duplication in
the new efforts. His request was complied with, but before the
copy was delivered. Dr. Chambers died. Correspondence now
sprung up among the remaining members of the Committee (Revs.
D. D. Demarest, E. T. Corwin and R. E. Hoes), on this subject,
and interest in it was revived. This led to the calling of a meet-
ing of a number of gentlemen on June 1, 1896, to consider the
whole matter. This inaugurated a new enterprise for the procur-
ing of this material. Meantime Eev. Dr. Samuel M. Jackson of
Is^ew York, Secretary of the American Church History Society,
hearing of this movement, requested the wT-iter to prepare a Paper,
to be read before the Society in December, 1896 on " THE AM-
STEEDAM COEEESPOisTDEKCE." This was done. The
Paper was printed in the proceedings of the Society, and five hun-
dred copies separately, for private circulation. A report of the
Committee had also been made, to the Synod of 1896 (pages
499, 500,) which renewed the Synod's interest in the matter; and
circulars were issued about the same time, asking for one hundred
dollar subscriptions, or, lesser amounts, to raise five thousand

Inteocuction. 17

dollars to carry the enterprise of securing those documents to
success.'*

Financial arrangements having been partially made by the Com-
mittee having the business in charge, the writer left New York
on August 21, 1897, and was safely located in Amsterdam on
the first day of September. Every facility that could be desired
was soon accorded him by the Classis of Amsterdam, which
received him most courteously. They gave him the use of their
large ministerial chamber in the Consistory Building, erected in
one of the angles of the I^ew Church in Amsterdam, except when
it was wanted for other purposes. Not only here did he have
most excellent accommodations, in a large, well-lighted, airy-room,,
with extensive tables; but they also granted him as the representa-
tive of the American Reformed Dutch Church, whose credentials
he carried, free and unrestricted access to the rich Archives of the
Classis. He remained in Amsterdam for nine months, occupied
daily, with few exceptions, in the duties undertaken. The Synod
of North Holland, whose Archives are in the same apartments as
those of the Classis, granted him similar privileges. In the early
part of June he removed to the Hague, where equal facilities were
accorded him in the Archives of the General Synod, which are
there located. Here he remained for five months in similar occu-
pation, except a visit to Great Britain in the month of August.

* The pamphlet above alluded to, " The Amsterdam Correspondence." gives a
pretty full history of the whole enterprise down to date. The Circulars issued add
some information, as well as the Reports to the General Synod, 1896, pages 499. 500:
1897, pages 774-6; 1898, pages 250-2; 1899, pages 572-4. There were also not a few
Articles on the subject, about that time In the Christian Intelligencer; e. g. on
April 1, 1896; Sept. 29, 1897; Nov. 17, 1897; Jan. 5, 1898; Feb. 23, 1898; May 25.
1898; July, 1898; together with numerous other Articles by Drs. Suydam, Van Pelt,
Good; as well as Editorials on the Subject.

Introduction.

The Minutes of the (Old) Classis of Amsterdam.

The Acts of the (Old) Classis are contained in eighteen large
volumes, and extend from 1582-1816, as follows:

Vol. 1 from 1582-1605.

Vol. 10 from 1715-1730.

1606-1620.

1620-1631.

1631-1645.

1646-1656.

1656-1670.

1671-1686.

1686-1701.

1701-1715.

" 11

1730-1741.

" 12

1741-1754.

" 13

1754-1764.

a 14

1764-1774.

" 15

1775-1790.

" 16

1790-1805.

a ^^

1805-1808.

'' 18

1809-1816.

Vol. 19, Extracts from Vols. 6-9 from 1655-1705.

They were generally very closely written, one of their pages
making three or four of modern foolscap, when transcribed. Un-
til about 1700, they were written in the old Gothic chirogTaphy,
a peculiar script, imlike either the German or Latin script.

The writer did not think it necessary to examine Volumes 1
and 2, as they antedated the settlement of ISTew York, but Vol-
umes 3 to 18^ were carefully examined, page by page, with
the one object in view of securing everything relating to !N"ew
York and New Jersey. References were kept to every item of this
kind, and transcripts secured, amounting to three hundred and
eighty-two pages. These Extracts the writer had bound in two
volumes with dates and appropriate titles. They cover a period
of one hundred and seventy-eight years from 1632, the date of the
examination of Domine Everardus Bogardus, until 1810, when the
last lament is recorded, " ISTo news from New York and New Jer-

» Vol. 19, consisting of Extracts relating to the Foreign churches, taken from Vols.
6 to 9, (1655-1705), was also carefully examined. Having been made later in
another chirography, and no doubt for the convenience of the Deputies, it was often
of great service when the Gothic chirography was very difficult to read.

Introduction. 19

sey." It is believed that everything in the Minutes of the Classis,
relating to the American Dutch Churches, will be found in these
transcripts.

The Minutes of the Deputati Ad Res Exteras.

The Minutes of the " Deputies of the Classis on Foreign
Affairs," consists of six folio volumes, running, as numbered, from
twenty to twenty five, and cover a period of one hundred and
sixty six years, or from 1639-1804, as follows :

Vol. 20 from 1639-1663.

" 21 " 1663-1720.

" 22 " 1721-1744.

'" 23 " 1744-1751-1756.^

" 24 " 1751-1781.

" 25 " 1781-1804.

These Deputies were a sort of Permanent Executive Committee
of Classis, having special charge of the Colonial Churches in all
parts of the world. They corresponded not only with the Ameri-
can Dutch and German churches, but with those in the West
Indies, Guiana and Brazil ; with those in Guiana and the Cape of
Good Hope ; with those in Hindustan, Ceylon, Borneo, Java, For-
mosa and other islands of the Pacific, as well as wdth Japan; and
wath individual churches in several cities of the Russian and
Turkish Empires, and other parts of Europe. They provided
ministers and Comforters of the Sick for these churches or locali-
ties; made various arrangements, financial and otherwise, in their
behalf, with the Great Commercial Companies doing business
with these lands; endeavored to settle difficulties which arose;
gave advice, kept Minutes of their proceedings, recorded their

• Vol. 23 carries oa the Minutes from 1744-1751, wlien tiiey are continued in Voi.
24. But the Extracts from Foreign letters found In all these Minutes, are con-
tinued In Vol. 23, down to 1758; and these are then further continued in Vols. 33
and 34. Vols. 24 and 25 are supposed to contain " Minutes " only; but some letters
have slipped in. i

20 Introduction.

letters, filed those received from abroad, made Extracts of the
same for the information of the Classis, and reported monthly or
oftener thereon. In writing to the churches abroad, they acted
under general or specific instructions in each case. Their Minutes
exhibited the same multitudinous variety of subjects as those of
the Classis, and until about 1700 the same peculiar Gothic
chirography. The writing is extremely compact, yet perfectly
clear, although difficult to read.

The Coerespondence Between the Classis of Amsterdam
AND THE Colonial Churches.

The Minutes of the Classis and of the Deputies constantly
allude to the Correspondence. The letters to the Colonies were
prepared by the Deputies, subject to the approval of the Classis.
The Deputies also received all letters from abroad, and reported
them to the Classis. This Correspondence was maintained with
about a score of places in the East and West Indies.

The Letters of the Classis to the Foreign Churches.

There are now seven volumes of such letters in the Old Ar-
chives, which are numbered from 26-32 and run from 164S-1804,
as follows:"^

Vol. 26 from 1648-1655.

1666-1700.

1701-1726.

1727-1743.

1743-1753.

1753-1779.

1780-1804.

'' Between 1714-1720 very few documents or letters are found. There are also
several smaller gaps.

Introduction. 21

These volumes contain many hundreds of letters. An odd
Volume, 39 (1636-1648), constitutes, in certain respects, a pre-
liminary volume to this set, as well as to the volumes of Minutes
of the Deputies. There was once, another volume, still earlier
than 39, ending in 1635, according to the " Inventory ", (or
Catalogue) but which is damaged to such an extent as to be use-
less. The injury to this volume must have occurred before 1816,
as it was not numbered, when the other volumes were numbered.
Vol. 26, the first of this set, as now numbered, runs from 1648-
1655, when an hiatus occurs of about eleven years, suggesting
lanother lost volume, but to which no allusion is made in the
^' Inventory ". The other volumes of Correspondence, ]^os. 27-32,
run without break from 1666-1804. Vol. 28, of this set, is said
in the " Inventory " to be lost; but there is now a volume in the
Archives, quite dilapidated, apparently unnumbered, and which
just fills in the gap, and is, no doubt, the once lost volume 28.
Vols. 30, 31 and 32, are designated on their covers, respectively
as "Copy-book, Part I"; "Copy-book, Part n"; "Copy-book,
Part III " ; this word being used in the sense of a volume in which
letters are copied or recorded.

Vol. 30 Copy-book, Part I; Letters 1-136.

" 31 " " " II; " 1-314.

" 32 " " " in; " 1-95, the balance of
the letters being unnumbered.

!N"ow it was from these seven volumes of Correspondence, Nos.
26-32, that most of the material obtained by Brodhead in 1841-4,
was secured. The nine hundred pages then obtained have already
been referred to in this Report.

The searchers employed by Brodhead do not seem to have ex-
amined the Minutes of the Classis at all; to have made a very

22 Intkodtjction.

cursory examination of the Minutes of the Deputies, and to have
done nothing with the Minutes of the Synod of l^orth Holland.
They seem to have supposed that the transcription of the items
in the Correspondence would sufficiently cover everything.
Neither did they examine the odd volume, 'No. 39. If they had
examined the Minutes of the Classis, and Vol. 39, they could not
well have missed the references to Michaelius and Bogardus
which are contained therein. But Michaelius was yet utterly un-
known to Brodhead when he published the first edition of Vol. I.
of his history of !N'ew York in 1853, twelve years after these
searches; and indeed the items in these volumes were not dis-
covered, until after the discovery of the famous Michaelius letter
in 1857. This led to an examination, under the auspices of Hon.
Henry C. Murphy, of the Minutes of the Classis and the Deputies,
and brought to light the few references therein, to Michaelius.^

We may now be reasonably sure that we have all the material
written by the Classis to our churches, so far as it now exists in
their Archives ; part of it being in the bound volume of nine hun-
dred pages in the Xew Brunswick Archives, and part being in
the present collection. These two lots are intermingled in this
publication.

The Letteks of the Foreign Churches to the Chassis.

The Classis has many thousands of such letters on file, at pres-
ent arranged in twenty five large Portfolios, with titles accord-
ing to the countries from which they came. The present Classifi-
cation, the writer was informed, was made about 1880, by Drs.
Kogge and Scheltema, at the request of the Classis. There are
now four Portfolios containing letters from the East Indies; three
containing letters from Ceylon ; seven from the West Indies ; two
from Curacoa and Surinam; one from the smaller islands of the
West Indies; two from the Cape of Good Hope; three from l^orth

» Col. DocB. N. T. 11. 759.

Introduction. 23

America, of whicli two contain letters from 'New York and !N"ew
Jersey being the residue of those not found in 1842 ; and one from
Pennsylvania; while one Portfolio contains letters of a miscel-
laneous kind.

If this classification had existed in 1842, we would, no doubt,
have received, at that time, the loan of the entire collection of
letters written in America; but only about one half were then
placed in Mr. Brodhead's hands. But the belief, excited by the
construction of the writer's Calendar in 1875, that there must be
a large additional number of letters in existence, and the actual
discovery of the same by Chaplain Hoes, in 1885, owing to the
new classification of all the filed letters in 1880, led, ultimately,
as we have seen, to the enterprise of sending the writer to Hol-
land in 1897, for a new search, and the acquisition of copies of
this new material. Among the first things which he did upon
reaching Amsterdam, was carefully to examine the two port-
folios of letters from Nevr York and New Jersey, in the very hand
writing of the early Domines, and compare their titles and dates
with his Calendar of similar letters already prepared. While
there were a few duplicates, about ninety per cent of them were
new material, and were needed, to complete our collection. Tran-
scribers were at once set to work, and the resiilts are exhibited
in four large volumes of transcriptions, making about a thousand
pages.

These transcriptions are thus arranged:

Vol. I. 1700-1730.

" 11. 1731-1750.

" III. 1751-1754.

" IV. 1755-1788;

but these do not include the American letters obtained by Brod-
head in 1842. The two lots are to be commingled in this publi-
cation.

24 Introdttction".

This new material is all between 1700 and 1800. Among these
letters and documents are recovered the lost Minutes of several
sessions of the Coetus, or early American Classis, subsequent
to 1754, representing some of the most important Acts of that
body in connection with the assumption of independence by the
Dutch Church. But we are sarry to say that the Minutes of sev-
eral sessions of that body are still missing, but all the facts are
probably covered by the Correspondence of the period. There are
also several lengthy and important papers among the documents
now recovered, upon special local, or personal themes, which will
clear up not a few obscure points in the history of the last century.
We cannot here refer to these documents in detail. These new
found documents are about three hundred and twelve in number,
often with other documents appended.^

The Minutes of the Synod of IsToeth Holland.

The Minutes of this Synod begin as far back as 1572, ten years
before those of the Classis of Amsterdam, reaching into the very
days of Spanish tyranny. The Minutes of all the Particular
Synods of the N'orthern ISTetherlands from 1572-1620, have re-
cently been collected together and printed, in eight volumes.
This publication is very valuable, and although antedating the
settlement of 'New York, contains much matter of great historical
interest to Americans. A set of these Minutes was purchased for
the Collegiate Church of ISTew York. There is also a set of the
same in the Sage Library at ISTew Brunswick, IT. J.^^

» These appended documents are called " Bylagen ", meaning Attached Documents,
Supplements or Appendix-es.

"> This publication Is edited by Reitsma and Van Veen, and was printed by
Wolters of Groningen. The first volume was Issued in 1891, and the eighth appeared
in 1899. From 1608-1618, the Synod of North Holland did not hold any sessions, on
account of the civil and theological troubles then developing, and which led to the
holding of the National Synod of Dort, 1618-19. At the close of the Minutes of 1608,
occurs a Latin note, which reads as follows: " From this time, 1608, until the year
of our Lord, 1618, the Annual Synodlcai Assembly could not be held, according to
Its wonted custom, on account of the excessive troubles, with the dissensions In the
Church. At the restoration of ecclesiastical and civil order, a Provincial Synod was
legally held, and afterward a National Synod, as convoked by public authority, In
the year 1618."

Inteoduction. 25

The writer began his examination of the Minutes of the North
Holland Synod with the year 1621. His researches in this field
were carried on partly at the Hague. All the volumes were care-
fully examined between 1621 and 1810, covering a period of one
hundred and ninety years. The examinations and departures
of the ministers (to the Colonies) are quite regularly reported
therein. Brief extracts from the letters from the Colonies, includ-
ing, of course, New Netherland, are also quite generally given.

The writer was pleased to find the name of Jonas Michaelius
our first American Minister, 1628, in the Minutes of the Synod
of North Holland, in the year 1621 and 1624. On the first
occasion he is mentioned as a delegate from the Classis of Enk-
huysen, to the Synod, coming from the Church of Hem, a little
hamlet near the city of Hoorn; and in the second instance, as
being dismissed from Hem, by the same Classis, in order to go
to San Salvador, in Brazil; but strange to say, no further refer-
ences to him are found in the Minutes of the Synod of North
Holland, although he was probably sent by the same Classis of
Enkhuysen to New York, and which should have been reported
to this Synod, in 1628 or 1629. The records of the Classis of
Enkhuysen were burned in 1838, in a fire which consumed the
Groote Kerk there, and hence we could not examine into the
matter from that source.

The transcriptions from these Synodical Minutes amount to
about fourteen hundred pages, and are bound in five volumes,
which are properly " titled " and " dated ".^^

" These transcriptions »re as follows:
Vol. I. 1621-1642.
II. 1643-1666.
" III. 1667-1683.
" IV. 1684-1729.
V. 1730-1810.
But mnch of the material secured from these Synodical Minutes, of interest In a
general way, the writer did not feel warranted to put among the material published
by the State.

26 Introduction.

The Aechives of the General Synod.

It is proper here to say a few words, in passing, about the
Archives of the GENERAL SYNOD of the Church of the
Netherlands. Their General Synod as a distinct body, dates back
only to 1816. With the Minutes of this body,^ this Report has no
special interest, as they do not reach back to the Colonial Period.
But the Archives of the General Synod contain a unique collec-
tion of records and documents, and are the most extensive Eccle-
siastical Archives in the country. They are located in the
" Synodical Building " at 100 Java street, in the Hague. The
older records are kept in two very large iron safes, on the lower
floor. Therein are found the original Minutes of those six early
Synodical Conventions from 1568-1586,-^^ which formulated the
government of the Dutch Church, and also adopted its standards
— 'the Belgic Confession and the Heidelberg Catechism. Here
are also the original Minutes of the great and famous Synod of
Dort, 1618-19, in nineteen large volumes. ■'^* They are in the
Latin language, and after two hundred and seventy years, are yet
in a perfect state of preservation, the ink being just as black as if
written yesterday. Here are to be seen the original signatures
of all the delegates from most of the countries of Europe. All
these signatures are repeated five times, as they are subscribed
separately, to each of the five Heads of Doctrine involved; and
each set of signatures occupies five pages. The writer also had
photographic copies of these signatures taken.-^^ Here are also

" These Minutes have been regularly printed since 1816, and a set of them Is to
Bfr' found in the Sage Library at New Brunswick, N. J.

" Of Wesel, 1568; of Embden, 1571; of Dordrecht, 1574 and 1578; of Middleburg,
1581; and of the Hague, 1586. These have been printed in the " Groot Plakaat
Boek " and the " Kerkelyk Plakaat Boek ", and in many other editions, but never
yet, in full, in English.

" Ail the business of this Synod, which lasted for six months, was conducted In
Latin. Latin and Dutch editions of the proceedings were soon issued; but, perhaps,
only one Latin edition of the " Post-Acta " was ever published, and hence, prob-
ably, its scarcity. But the Latin being the original, and, therefore, especially
desirable, photographic copies of the original sixty-four pages were secured.

" Since writing the above, the Post-Acta In both Latin and Dutch, in parallel

Introduction. 27

the original Minutes and ISTotes of the Translators of the Dutch
Bible of 1637, filling many volumes. These Archives also con-
tain manuscript sets of the Minutes of each of the Particular
Synods of Holland, — of Gelderland, Friesland, Overyssel, Gron-
ingen, Utrecht, South Holland and ISTorth Holland, with many
individual duplicate volumes. The Minutes of the old Classis
of DeKt, in seven volumes, are also here, and perhaps those of
other Classes. The loose documents belonging to the Synod of
South Holland, (whose Archives are also here), are very numer-
ous, among which are many documents relating to Pennsylvania.
There are very few papers here relating to I^ew York, as their
Correspondence was almost exclusively wirth the Classis of Amster-
dam, and the Synod of I^orth Holland. Here is also a set of
the Great Edict Book, (Groot Plakaat Boek), of the States-Gen-
eral, containing all the Edicts, civil and ecclesiastical,-'^^ for about
two centuries. This work is printed in seven huge volumes.
The Edicts relating especially to the Church have also been
collected out of this great work, and are found in the " Eccle-
siastical Edict Book " (Kerckelyke Plakaat Boek), which is
printed in four smaller volumes.-^^ Here are also countless docu-

columns, have been issued by Dr. H. H. Kuyper, in one volume of five hundred and
thirty pages, octavo, under the following title:

" De Post-Acta of Nahandellngen van de Nationale Synode van Dordrecht in 1618
en 1619 Gehouden, naar den autheutieken tekst in het Latyn en Nederlandsch*
uitgegeven en met toelichtingen voorzien, voorafgegaan door De Geschiedenls van de
Acta, de Autographa en de Post-Acta dler Synode en Gevolgd door de Geschiedenls
van de Revisie der Belydeniddchrlften en der Liturgle benevens de Volledlge Lyst
der Gravamina op de Dordtsche Synode ingedlend Een Historische Studie door Dr.
H. H. Kuyper, Bedienaar des Woords te Leeuwarden. Boekhandel, voorheen
Hovoker en Wormser. Amsterdam. Pretoria ".

Or: " The Post-Acta, or After-Acta of the National Synod of Dort, held In 1618-19
published according to the authentic text of the Latin and Dutch, and provided with
explanations; preceded by the history of the Acts, the Autographs and the Post-
Acta of this Synod, and followed by the History of the Revision of the Confession
of Faith and the Liturgy; together with a complete list of the Gravamina presented
at the Synod of Dort. A Historical Study by Dr. H. H. Kuyper, Minister of the
Word at Leewardon. Hoveker and Wormser. Amsterdam and Pretoria." (1899).

" Even all the doctrinal parts of the Synod of Dort are In full in this Groot
Plakaat Boek, with the names of the delegates. There is a copy of this work in the
New York State Library; in the Sage Library at New Brunswick,- N. J., and a copy
Is owned by Rev. E. T. Corwin. The copy in State Library was secured by Brod-
head. See Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 27.

" A copy of this work was bought for the Collegiate Church of New York. The
Sage Library has only the first two volumes.

2° Intboductiow.

ments relating to the Colonial Churches in all parts of tRe world.
A printed Catalogue of these Archives, called the Old Sjnodical
Archives, (Oud Synodaal Archief) was prepared bj H. Q. Jans-
sen, 1876, containing one hundred and ninety six pages, several
copies of which were secured. One was given to the Library of the
Collegiate Church, New York; one to the Sage Library, New
Brunswick, K J. ; one to the Library of Theological Seminary,
Holland, Mich. ; one to State Library, New York; and the writer
has one.

Limitations in these Eesearches.

It was impossible, under limitations of time and means, to make
more extensive researches in these several Archives.

As the Synods communicated their business to one another,
corroborations of the facts of our American history would, more
or less fully, be found, and occasionally additional facts might
have been secured, by such examinations. ^^ If circumstances had
permitted, items of interest might have been looked up also at
the birth-places, or settlements of the early Dutch ministers, as the
Church records are, generally, very complete. The General Cata-
logues of the Universities ' indicate the ages, residences, depart-
ments of study and other particulars, of nearly all of the early
Dutch ministers.^^

The writer had also intended to visit the town of Hem, near
Hoorn, to try to discover additional facts from the church there,
about Eev. Jonas Michaelius, who was settled there from 1614-
1624, when he went to Brazil; but sad to say, the records of this

*» E. g. The Coetus of Pennsylvania reported quite fully to the Synod of South
Holland the overtures for union made to them by the Coetus of New York, 1763-1770.
The Synod of South Holland seems to have as much, if not more material, relating
to Pennsylvania, than the Synod of North Holland and the Ciassis of Amsterdam.
This has been obtained by Rev. Dr. James I. Good, of Reading, Pa., and Prof.
Hinke, of Philadelphia.

" The General Catalogue is styled, " Album Studiosorum "

Many facts as to the places from which these ministers came, their ages, the de-
partments of study — medicine, jurisprudence, or theology — will be found in these
Alba Studiosorum. Those of Leyden and Utrecht were purchased for the Collegiate
Church. That of Groningen is owned by the writer.

Inteoduction. 29

Church were burned up during his first week's residence in Amster-
dam, September, 1897. This shows the importance of collecting
documents relating to America while it is possible.

References to Other Items of Interest to the German
Churches in Pennsylvania.

In going over the volumes of the Classis of Amsterdam and
of its Deputies, references were kept to all items relating to the
German Churches in the United States, not only because of their
own importance to our American Church History, but because
of their many interlinked relations with the Dutch Churches of
ISTew York and ISTew Jersey. Before The Revolution there were
about twenty German Churches in these two States; and not a
few German ministers went back and forth between these J^ew
York churches and those of Pennsylvania. Transcriptions were,
therefore, secured, of items relating especially to the New York
and N"ew Jersey German churches of that period, while references
were kept to the other items referred to.

General Worth of the Material Obtained.

To the historian original documents are invaluable. The
transcriptions now secured constitute the fundamental facts of
the ecclesiastical history of New York and New Jersey. About
three-fourths of these documents relate to New York and one-
fourth to New Jersey, but they cannot very well be separated,
and ought not to be. They represent much of the social history
of colonial times, although they of course relate chiefly to the
religious history. There are also not a few allusions to civil mat-
ters, which cannot fail to be of interest in the General Civil His-
tory of these States. Indeed, the social, civil and religioi^s his-
tories in colonial times were so closely blended that they cannot
be altogether divided. This fact abundantly appears in the
Documentary History of New York, and in the Colonial Docu-

30 Introduction.

ments of the same State. The eame also appears in the similar
set of volumes styled " The Archives of iSTew Jersey ". The gen-
eral tone of the documents obtained also gives a true and living
picture of the religious life of Holland during the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries. They show a genuine spirit of piety^
and great zeal to promote the spiritual interests of the Colonial
churches. The labor involved in the care of the many Colonial
churches, by. this Classis, scattered all over the world, seems
almost incredible. A general spirit of fraternity also existed vnth
all the neighboring churches — those of Switzerland, Germany,
Poland, France and England. There is a standing Article in the
Minutes, for several generations, on " Oppressed Churches " and
" Sufferers on the Galleys. " There is an unceasing stream of
" love gifts ", received and bestowed, on needy churches and
individuals. Indeed, as early as 1643-48, the Classis of Amster-
dam sent no less than ten thousand dollars (no small sum in those
days), to Ireland, to relieve the distress in that country, after the
desolating wars of those times. Also provinces which had been
inundated always called out the gifts of the churches. Money
was annually sent to Pennsylvania, to assist the Germans there,
for two full generations, 1728-1792.

There are also constant allusions, in this Correspondence, to
other denominations in -America, especially to the Presbyterians
from 1740 onward. Allusions to the Church of England are not
infrequent. The influence of the Dutch in resisting the Estab-
lishment of the English Church, which did not represent a tenth
of the inhabitants, will receive much additional light from these
documents; as well as the general influence of the Dutch in pre-
paring the way for the entire separation of Church and State.
What the " Documentary History of New York ", and the
" Documents Relating to the Colonial History of New York ",
have been for the study of the civil history, including much of
the ecclesiastical; the same will these "Original Ecclesiastical

Inteoduction". 31

Documents " be, for the study of the ecclesiastical history of the
State, including also much of the civil history. Their worth to
local church histories will also be very great.

Incorporation of Other Material.

It was thought wise, finally, in such a collection, embracing
so large a proportion of the ecclesiastical documents of Colonial
times, to incorporate also some other important papers, such as
church-charters, the legal phraseology of which becomes more
liberal ■v\dth the growing century; also the repeated applications
for Charters by congregations of other denominations besides
those of the Heformed Dutch Church and the Episcopalians, but
which were never granted; also the three college charters of ISTew
York and New Jersey of the Colonial period. These are those of
the College of ]^ew Jersey (now at Princeton), 1746; Kings
(Columbia) College, 'N&w York City, 1753; Queens (Rutgers) Col-
lege, 'New Brunswick, 1766 and 1770. Occasionally, also, church
calls, with their varying forms of phraseology according to the
periods and the struggles of the times, have been included; also
certain civil legislation, bearing on the churches, as well as certain
judicial decisions relating to the same, anticipating the dawn of
full religious liberty ;^^ or where this was found to be imprac-
ticable, at least an abstract of such facts, with references to the
documents, have been inserted at the proper points. It adds but
little to the bulk of the work, to include the documents from all
denominations, or at least abstracts and references to the same.
This also adds greatly to the value of the work, making it more
unique and complete as " Original Documents Relating to all the
Religious Bodies of Colonial Times in New York and New
Jersey " ; for these two provinces were generally under one
Governor.

*" Certain ecclesiastical edicts in Holland and England would aUo throw further
light on American Church history.

Acts of the Synod of North Holland, at Haablem. 1621

1621, Aug. 24 et seq.
Transactions of the Particular Synod of Xorth Holland, held in
the city of Haarlem, Anno, 1621, on August 24 and follow-
ing davs.

After the Brethren, delegated by the Classes belonging to the
Synod of l^orth Holland, appeared, the Rev. Henricus Gees-
teranus began the meeting by calling on the name of the Lord.
Afterwards the credentials of the aforesaid delegates were opened
and read, and unanimously approved by the Assembly. It was
found that the following Ministers and Elders had been delegated
to this Synod:

("We give the names of the delegates to this Synod of Xorth
Holland for 1621, in full, because Rev. Jonas IVIichaelius, sub-
sequently, 1628, the first Minister at Xew York, was among them.)

From (Classis of) Haarlem.

Rev. Henricus Geesteranus, of Haerlem.
Rev. John Junius, Minister at Assendelft.
Cornelius Cornelisse, Elder of Haerlem.
Aert Jansse, Elder of East Laenen.

From (Classis of) Amsterdam.

Rev. John La Maire, Minister at Amsterdam.
Rev. Hermanns Busschovius, ]\Iinister at Weesp.
Dirck Gerritze, Elder at Amsterdam.
Peter Cornelisse, Elder at Sloterdyk.
3 33

34 Ecclesiastical Kecords

From (Classis of) Hoorn.

Eev. RippertiTs Sirtus, Minister at Hoorn.
Eev. Anthonius Hansonis, llinister at Twisch.
Peter Willemse, Elder at Hoorn.
Claes Jansse, Elder at Hoiiwaert.

Erom (Classis of) Enkhnysen.

Rev. Abraham a Doreslaer, Minister at Enkhnysen.

REV. JOIsTAS JOHAXmS* MICHAELIUS,t Minister at Hem.

John Erancisci (Fransse) Hooman, Elder at Enkhnysen.
Bartholomew Martensse, Elder at Medemblik.

From (Classis of) Edam.

Rev. Jacobus de Roo, Minister at Edam.
Rev. Bemardns Jaitz, Minister at Znider Horn.
Simon Pietersse, Elder at Edam.
Henry Dirxe, Elder at Parmerend.

From (Classis of) Alkmaar.

Rev. William jSTicolay Somer, Minister at Alkmaar.
Rev. Gualterus Adriani, Minister at Graft and Ryp.
Barck Cornelisse Achagen, Elder at Alkmaar.
Claes Cornelisse, Elder at Schagen.

Note on the Village of Hem, where Rev. Jonas Michaelius first
settled, 161^1624.

Hem, the to^\Ti and church where the Rev. Jonas Michaelius
ministered from 1614-1624, when he went to San Salvador in
Brazil, and in 1623 became the first Dutch minister in New Am-
sterdam, (New York,) is thus described in Van der Aa's Geo-
graphical Gazetteer, 1644.

* Johannis here is in genitive case, and is the name of the Father of Jonas,
t The name of Michaelius does not occur a^ain in the Minutes of this session.

OF THE State of !N^ew Yoek. 35

Yillage and Ckurch of Hem.
Hem, village in Dregterland, Province of North Holland, a
court circuit, and two kours W. S. W. from Enkhuizen, a subdi-
vision of the community (gemeente) of " Yenhuizen-and-Hem " ;
a half hour W. of Yenhuizen, on the so called Short Stretch
(Korte-Streek). It is estimated that there are within the bounds
(kom) of the village, one hundred houses, and six hundred and
thirty inhabitants. These mostly gain their subsistence by agri-
culture and cattle raising.

The Reformed, who are here fully five hundred in number, and
among whom are one hundred and sixty communicants, consti-
tute a congregation which belongs to the Classis of Hoorn, and
the subdivision (ring) of Enkhuizen.* The first one to exercise
here the duties of a minister, was Sybrand Yomelius, who came
here in the year 1573, and died or left in the year 1580. The
Church, (or living), which before the Eeformation, was dedicated
to the Holy Evangelist Luke, was at that time subject to the gift
of the Counts; the "Investiture" was made by the Provost
(Proost) of West Friesland. The "living" (pastorij) amounted
altogether to 50 Rhenish guilders (75 Dutch guilders, or $30.)
It then possessed no house for the pastor, but it had seven mor-
gan (fourteen acres) of land. For the sexton's support (lit. sex-
tonship) there were three morgen (six acres) of land. The
church is an ancient cruciform structure, in which at the base
much duifsteen (gravelly, porous stone) may still be seen. The
tower is square, with an octagonal steeple, rather high. There
is no organ in the church. The call is made by the Consistory.

The Roman Catholics of whom there are found to be three hun-
dred and fifty, belong to the Stat, (station?) of Hem-and-Yen-
huizen, which had a church here dedicated in early times to Saint
Luke. This was abandoned in the year 1835.

• In 1785 and 1793. Hem and Venhuizen were separate churches, and reckoned
lander the Classis of Enkhuizen. Several other of the early Dutch ministers of New
\ork were previously or subsequently pastors at Hem; for example, Rev. Samuel
Megapolensis and Rev. William Nleuwenhuyaen, etc

36 Ecclesiastical Records

The baptismal scliool (doop school — parochial school?) is at-
tended, on the average, by about one hundred pupils.

In the year 1387 Ham-and-Venhuizen leased their own fishery
from the Count. According to charter by Duke William of
Bavaria (Count William II) under date of February 2, 1413,
Hem, in union with Venhuizen, was elevated into a city, under the
designation of the " City of Hem ", whereby were determined its
Citizen rights. Magistracy, Government, etc. In 1492, the fine
imposed upon it on account of the Cheese and Bread Rebellion
(an agrarian insurrection) was lightened one third. In 1508
there arose a fierce dispute between them and Wydeness about a
road, stretching from the Blokdyke to the Meeu Road, which was
arbitrated by Enkhuizen. In 1508 the people of Hem cooperated
as a labor of love in the fortifying of the city of Hoorn, The
rulers (regenten) iu the year 1741, bought up (hebben afgekocht)
the manorial rights, (ambachtsheerlijkheid), so that now it is no
longer a manor, (heerlijkheid.)

From the " Aardrijkskundig Woordenboek der Nederlanden bi-
jeengebracht door A. J, van der Aa." Published at Gorinchem by
Jacobus Noorduyn, 1844.

1623. THE WALLOONS.

1622, Feb. 5.

Certain Walloons* and French petitioned the King of England to settle In Vir-
ginia. See Petition, Col. Docs. N. Y. ill. 9. This was not granted. Certain Wal-
loons, probably the same, subsequently petitioned the States General, to settle in
New Netherland. The following action was taken:

Beaoiution of the States of Holland and West Friesland on a proposed plan of
Emigration. The 21 April, 1622.

The Directors of the West India Company report that they have examined the
paper relative to the Families to be conveyed to the West Indies, and are of
opinion, that it is very advantageous for the Company, and therefore that an effort

• The Walloons were a Romance people of Galilean and Teutonic origin, who had
crossed the French border, and settled in Belgium chiefly in Hainault, Namur, Lux-
emburg, Limburg and Liege. Their language is an old dialect of the French; It
has a small literature of Its own. Of these Walloons many embraced the Reformed
faith, and were obliged to fly in consequence, being expelled by the Spaniards from
the Catholic Netherlands; many passed into Holland, and somw found their way to
England. From some of these people, desirous of finding a settled home, came a
petition to King James in 1621, for permission to go to Virginia and there to form
an establishment of their own. They had high and aristocratic notions; they

OF THE State of IsTew York. 37

ought to be made to promote it, with a promise that they should be employed;
and to postpone it until the Directors should be formed, if the Assembly thought
proper that this promise should be made to them; which, being considered by tha
Lords, gentlemen and cities, it is unanimously resolved and concluded, that tha
said promise shall be given with the knowledge of the Magistracy, and to proceed
with it accordingly.— Col. Docs. N. Y. 1. 28.

Says Wassenaar: In the spring of 1623, the West India Company equipped •' a
vessel of one hundred and thirty lasts, called the New Netherlands, whereof Cor-
nelius Jacobs of Hoorn was Skipper, with thirty families, mostly Walloons ".
They sailed by way of the Canaries, and reached the Hudson River. . . .

The New Netherlands, on her arrival, was joined by the yacht Mackerel, which
kad come over by way of the West Indies the previous year. She found a French
Ship in the harbor, which, with the aid of the Mackerel, she attacked and drove
away. On the New Netherlands, was one Catallna Trico, born in Paris. — Doc.
Hist. N. Y. ill. 23, 24.

NOTE ON THE FIRST TWO DIRECTORS. 1623-1625.

The West India Company was chartered June 3, 1621. After two years of pre-
liminary preparation, the Company was fully organized, and began to prosecute with
energy the objects of its incorporation. New Netherland was made a province In
1623, and assigned to the care of the Amsterdam Chamber. The Provincial seal of
New Netherland was a shield, bearing a beaver, proper, surmounted by a count's
coronet, and encircled by the words " Sigillum Novi Belgii ". In the spring of 1623,
the first permanent colonization began. The ship " New Netherland " was equipped
and brought thirty families over, the greater part of whom were Walloons. Cor-
nells Jacobson May superintended this expedition, which reached Manhattan in
May. Manhattan Island was taken possession of in the name of the Company.
The Director then went with the colonists up the North River and built Fort
Orange on Castle Island, where about eighteen families settled. Alliances were at
once made with the neighboring Indians, and trade in peltry was begun. May then
went to the South River and built Fort Nassau, near where the city of Gloucester
now stands. Some of the Walloons who came over at this time settled at Walla-
bout, or the Walloon's Boght or Cove. Other emigrants soon followed. The furs
sent back to Holland during May's administration amounted to twenty-eight thou-
sand guilders. He was succeeded in 1624 by William Verhulst as Director, who
returned to Holland in November, 1625. There seem to be no special references to
religion or ecclesiastical matters during the term of these two Directors.

163S

wished to live as nobles, in a kind of feudal system, and asked that they might be
granted, in the new country, certain extraordinary and exclusive privileges for
themselves and their descendants. The petition was denied, and the scheme, though
twice propo.sid iu 1G21, and again In 1622, fell through.— Dr. Dix, Hist. Trinity Ch.
N. Y., 1. 24, 25.

1624

38 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

1624, Aug. 6, et seq.

SnfroD or IN'orth Holland, held at Enkhtjysen.

Article 33.

IV. With whom shall be the direction and supervision of the
Churches in the East Indies?*

Answer: That the direction shall remain with the churches
and Classes within whose bounds are located the East India
(Company's) Chambers. In order that this matter, general
equality, [lit. a footing universally equal], may be maintained,
it was resolved to request the Seventeen, [the Central Board
of the East India Company, consisting of seventeen members,]
to be pleased to defray the necessary expenses. Thus the dele-
gates of the several Churches and Classes may assemble at con-
venient seasons, and conjointly be able to adopt resolutions about
the Gravamina [Grievances or Questions] coming up from the
East Indies, with unanimity, and in the presence of the Deputies
of the Synods; thus also may they be able to render a proper re-
port of what has been done [by the several Classes], to the re-
spective Synods. But in order that all this may be done with due
respect for the High Authorities, therefore the Messrs., the States
of Holland and West Friesland, shall be waited on [begroeten]
about this matter, and their High ]\Iighty Authority be requested.

On this same occasion, the delegates of the other Provinces
suggested, that inasmuch as the supervision of the church affairs
in the East Indies concerns all the churches of this land in com-
mon, whether it would not be well to pcnnit the churches of the

• Upon the same principle was founded the management of the churches in the
territories of the West India Company, viz., New Netherland, Brazil, Surinam,
West India Islands, Cape Colony, etc. Hence the ports of Hoorn and Bnkhuysen,
and the Classes of the same name, at first had charge of any ecclesiastical mat-
ters In New Netherland. Michaelius was sent over by the Classis of Enkhuysen.
But in 1628, just after his departure for America, the control of New Netherland
passed Into the care of the Classis of Amsterdam, as Michaelius intimates in his
letter.

OF THE State of New York. 39

other Provinces to send their delegates, at their own expense, to
the Assembly beforementioned, that they might likewise take part
in the knowledge and supervision of all. The Synod having dis-
cussed this matter, gave for answer as follows: that while this
business [above alluded to] is not yet effected, they will be
pleased to be patient; and to believe that when it is carried into
effect, as desired, that then, this their suggestion, shall be duly
taken into consideration. They were veiy well pleased to accept
of this answer.

1625, Aug. 12, et seq.

Synod of J^oeth Holland, at Edam.

Article 19. The matter of the Church-Order in the East Indies,
remains open, as heretofore.

Art. 22. East Indian Chui'ches.
As to the direction and supervision of the East India Churches
— more fully recited in Art. 33, (1624) — it is reported that the
proposal therein mentioned, is not as yet granted by definite de-
cisions. It was proposed by the Deputati of Utrecht, as well as by
those of Overyssel, in the name of their respective Synods, and
more urgently by those of Gelderland, that inasmuch as the su-
pervision of Church affairs in the East Indias concerns equally,
all the churches of this land, whether it were not well to recog^
nize in this whole business, all the churches in their respective
Provinces. The Synod gave further consideration to this matter
but still holds to the previous resolution. This matter is therefor©
still left in statu.

Art. 43. Ministerial changes, in the several Classes, indicated.
[This first example of such changes is given, because the name
of Michaelius occurs.]

In the Classis of Edam.
Died: Jacobus Pauli, formerly Minister at Beets and Oud-

endyc.

1635

40 Ecclesiastical Records

Removed: Isaac Lvdius.

Came in: John Ab. Otten, ordained and called at Beets and
Ondendvc.

In tlie Classis of xVlkmaar.
Died : Vincentins Mensevoet, at Schagen,

Removed : Daniel Koningsvelt, of .the TVael and Oosterejmde.
Came in : Louis Hondins, from Huyssam to Schagen. John

Backer, called and ordained at the Wael and Oos-

teynde.

In the Classis of Haarlem.
Died : Claes Claessen, late Minister at Uitgeest,

Emeritus : Claes Aelbertsen, at East Saenen.
Came in: Henry Geldorpius, at East Saenen; Isaac Plantius, at
Heemstede; Obdias Witmarius, at Uytgeest.

In the Classis of Amsterdam.
Removed: Louis Hondius, from Huyssum to Schagen.
Came in: Cornelius Hanecopius, from Breda to Amsterdam;
Philip Bevert, called and ordained at Huyssum.

In the Classis of Hoorn.

Died: Corn. Jansse, late Minister at Schellinchout.

Came in : Gerard Puppius, from Breuckel to Hoorn.

In the Classis of Enkhuysen.

Removed: Jonas Michielse,* from Hem to Brazil, at San Sal-
vador.

Came in: Frans Esause, on East Vlielandt; George "\^"esselius,
at Hem.

• This Is the Dutch form of the name generally Latinized into Michaelius.

OF THE State of ^ew York. 41

1626

The Dutch in Brazil.

In 1624, the fleet of the West India Company, under Admiral
Piet Hein, captured Baliia. It had to be abandoned however the
next year, and the Dutch gained no permanent hold until 1630.
Though a Portuguese possession, the conquest of Portugal by
Spain in 1584, made all the colonies of the former nation the
legitimate spoils of War for the Dutch in their War against Spain.

The seat of colonial government was located at the captured
city of Olinda, in the Captaincy of Pernambuco. The city
founded by the Dutch was called Mauritsstad, after John Maurice,
Count of Nassau, (a cousin of the Prince of Orange,) who was
governor of Dutch Brazil from 1636 to 1644. In 1640 Portugal
threw off the Spanish yoke and became again an independent
government, largely by aid of the Dutch Republic. This pro-
duced serious complications in Brazil, and finally the Dutch pos-
sessions there had to be restored to their original owners, Portugal
by a convention in 1661 agreeing to pay to the West India Com-
pany an indemnity of eight millions of guilders (or three million
two hundred thousand dollars). Things had been in great con-
fusion years before this final settlement, which accounts for the
emigration of Dutch preachers from Brazil to Kew Xetherland.

The Dutch Church in Brazil.

1625-1654.

There had already been an attempt to found the French Re-
formed Church in Brazil, for which see the Missionary Histories.
But the Dutch West India Company took Bahia from the Portu-
guese in 1624, and in 1625, Rev. Jonas Michaelius went thither as
minister. The Jesuists, under the Portuguese, had already done
some missionary work in Brazil. !Michaelius left the next year
for Guinea. Other Dutch ministers followed in Brazil, but in

1625

42 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

1637, Count John Maurice, the Governor, wrote to Holland for
eight more Reformed ministers. Eev. Davilus was the first to
learn the language of the natives. Eev. Domine Eiflarius was
eloquent in preaching both in Portuguese and Brazilian, and trans-
lated the Heidelberg Catechism into the Tapuya dialect. Eev.
Frederic Casseber preached at Eeissa. At Olinda and the neigh-
boring villages, the Eevs. Joachim Soller and Johannes Theo-
dorus Polhemius, preached, both in French and Portuguese. Pol-
hemus came to l>lew ISTetherland in 1654, and is the ancestor of
the large and respected family of that name in Xew York and
elsewhere. Eev. Cornelius Poelius (Pool) preached in Tamarica,
and Eev. Samuel Eathclarius, an Englishman, preached in
Paraiba, St. Augustine; and Eev. John Eduardi at Serinhaen.
Two Classes were finally organized here, and even a Synod. The
ecclesiastical records in Holland are full of material, and Dutch
and Latin histories, as well as one or more in German, of Count
John Maurice, abound in Holland. A small Latin History was
purchased by the writer in 1898, and is in the Collegiate Church
Library, New York. See also Dr. Jas. I. Good's " Eeformed
Church in America ", 1899.

OF THE State of I^ew York. 43

THE ADMIKLSTKATION" OF PETEK ]\aNUIT.
1626-1632.

Peter Mirniit was bom in the city of Wesel, on the Rhine, in the
Duchy of Cleves. This city was famous as an asylum for the
persecuted. Being adjacent to the northeastern part of Holland,
myriads of persecuted Hollanders flocked thither, as well as exiles
from England and Scotland. Besides the regular German Re-
formed Church in Wesel, there were also organized there, from
these exiles, large and influential French Reformed, Dutch Re-
formed and English Reformed congregations. Wesel was famous
at this time for its religious and literary activity. Here mingled
some of the choicest spirits of Europe. It was here that the
exiles of the churches of Holland met, in 1568, and adopted their
Presbyterial Form of Church Government.

It was in such a center of intelligence that Peter Minuit was
bom in 1580 of Huguenot parentage. While he generally wrote
his name Minuit, it is sometimes found written Menewee, accord-
ing to pronunciation. He was of robust form, and had dark eyes
and brusque manners. In time he became a ruling elder of the
Walloon or French Reformed Church of Wesel; while his brother-
in-law Jan Huyghens, who subsequently went with him to New
Netherland and was prominent in both Church and State, was a
deacon of the Dutch Reformed Church of Wesel, which some-
times numbered four or five thousand members.

Minuit probably left Wesel about 1624, because the city had
fallen into the hands of the Spaniards. He was, perhaps, specially
fitted to take charge of a colony, for he was a man of sound prin-
ciples and practical tact. He combined the qualities of a Christian,
a merchant and a pioneer; and was therefore well qualified to lay

1626-
1632

44 Ecclesiastical Records

the foundations of Chnrch and State in ISTew Amsterdam. He
was appointed Director of ISTew ISTetlierland by the West India
Company, December 19, 1625, and landed at New Amsterdam,
May 4, 1626. He was careful that seeds, plants, animals and
implements of husbandry should be provided for his colony.

Minuit at once bought the island of Manhattan of the red men,
for twenty four dollars. He always dealt honorably with the In-
dians. He was the actual founder of civil government in !New
Netherland. Business began to flourish as never before. He
opened up correspondence with Governor Bradford of Plymouth,
and proposed commercial reciprocity. He also sent Bradford a
present of sugar and Holland cheese.

Upon the arrival of Domine Michaelius in April, 1628, Minuit
and his brother-in-law Huyghens were at once chosen to be the
ruling elders of the Dutch Church which Michaelius established.
According to researches made in. 1868 by pastor J. D. Sardeman,
of Wesel, Huyghens was deacon of the Dutch Reformed Church
in Wesel in 1612; but Minuit's name was not found in the records
of that Church. It is probable, therefore, that Minuit was elder
of the French Church of Wesel, and that Michaelius was not
exactly accurate in his expression. 'No doubt Minuit was also a
deacon in that French Church before he became an elder, as was
the custom. ISTeither does Minuit's name occur in the records of
the German Church of Wesel. The records of the French Church
are lost. Minuit's name, however, occurs in the civil records of
Wesel on March 6, 1619, as guardian of his sister's minor chil-
dren; and again on April 15, 1625, it is recorded that he had left
for foreign lands. Minuit was recalled in the spring of 1632. In
1638 he returned to America to found the colony of New Sweden
in Delaware. He succeeded, but perished in a West Indian hur-
ricane the same year.

OF THE State of ISTew Yoek. 45

See "Memorial Services in honor of Peter Minuit ",* vdih.
addresses by Kev. Dr. Cyrus Cort and others, April 23, 1895, un-
der the auspices of the State of Delaware. Several errors in
former histories are therein corrected. See also Indexes of O'Cal-
loghan and Brodhead.

Comforters or the Sick.

1626.

While it was the general duty of ministers in the IRetherlands
to visit the sick, yet in destitute fields, or in those too large for
the minister properly to attend to, certain ones, perhaps gen-

• The following Tablet has recently been erected in the Middle Dutch Church,
New York City, 2nd Avenue, near 7th St., to the Memory of Peter Mlnult:

TO THE GLORY OF GOD
AND IN MEMORY OF
PETER MINUIT
FIRST DIRECTOR GENERAL OF NEW NETHERLAND,
A.D. 1626
AND THE FIRST ELDER OF THIS CHURCH,
A.D. 1628.
AN INTELLIGENT AND GOD-FEARING MAN,
WITH GREAT EXECUTIVE ABILITY, AND
ENTIRELY INCORRUPTIBLE. A MAN
NOT SURPASSED IN WISE ADMINISTRATION
OF AFFAIRS BY ANY OF THE LONG LINE OF
STATESMEN AND PATRIOTS WHO, FOR THE
GREATER PART OF THREE CENTURIES HAVE
BEEN THE EXECUTIVES OF THE EMPIRE STATE.

" THE GLORY OF CHILDREN ARE THEIR FATHERS."

" THIS SHALL BE WRITTEN FOR
THE GENERATION TO COMB."

" TELL YOUR CHILDREN OF IT, AND LET
YOUR CHILDREN TELL THEIR CHILDREN, AND
THEIR CHILDREN ANOTHER GENERATION."

ERECTED A.D. 1900.J
BY A SUCCESSOR IN HIS ECCLESIASTICAL OFFICE,
IN DEVOUT RECOGNITION OF THE TRUTH THAT,
" A GOOD NAME IS RATHER TO BE
CHOSEN THAN GREAT RICHES."

t William L. Brower of New York City erected this and other Tablets mentioned
hareaftor.

1626

46 Ecclesiastical Eecokds

1626

erally from the Great Consistory, and especially from the deacons,
were appointed to this duty. There was an elaborate Form pre-
pared for their use, which was formerly printed in all the editions
of the Liturgy, (It was thus printed also in the first English
editions in 1793 and 1815, in this country.) These special officers
read this Form, in whole or in part, to the sick, together ^vith the
creeds. There were two words used to describe these officers,
viz.: Krankenbezoeker and Ziekentrooster. Strictly speaking, the
former means a seeker out, or visitor of the sick — especially
those overtaken suddenly by sickness; while the latter means a
comforter of those who are very sick — especially when nearing
their end. Practically, the two terms were used synonymously.

While many agencies are now devised to relieve the distressed,
and to comfort the invalid, it is 'an interesting circumstance that
the Dutch Eeformed Church, the oldest in the Empire State by
half a centur)', had a unique provision for this very work from the
beginning. With Peter Minuit, the Director General of New
ISTetherland, came over two Comforters of the sick. These were
Sebastian Jansen Krol (or Crol) and Jan Huyck. As yet no ajr-
rangements had been made for a regular clergyman, but his place
was thus partially supplied. The Form which they used consisted
chiefly of consolatory texts of Scijipture. When the Rev. Jonas
Michaelius, the first minister, arrived, in 1628, these two Com-
forters of the Sick, together with Peter Minuit, the Director Gen-
eral, were made the first elders of the Dut<?h Church of New Am-
sterdam, (New York,) and with their appointment the Church
was regularly organized.

In the Charter establishing Patroonships in 1629, and in sub-
sequent similar Charters, it was required of the Patroons that
they "shall particularly exert themselves to find speedy means
to maintain a clergyman and schoolmaster, in order that Divine
Service and zeal for religion may be planted in that country, and
(must) send at first a Comforter of the Sick ".

OF THE State of New York. 47

The Title of this Form is " The Consolation of the Sick; which
is an Instruction in Faith and the "Way of Salvation, to prepare
Believers to die willingly ".

The line of thought which these Krankenbezoeckers or Zieken-
troosters read, in the performance of their duty, was as follows : —

The Form first referred to Man's original creation in righteous-
ness; the fall, and original sin, and the penalty of death, with
many texts of Scripture relating to the brevity and vanity of life;
to the Providence of God, which determines our days; to our
weakness and general sinfulness, and our exposure to the Divine
wrath; and then to the gift of Christ as the Light of the world,
as an atonement for our sins, and through whom we may triumph.
Very many beautiful texts are then quoted about the love of God
to sinners; the Person and work of Christ; His worthiness of our
love, and the duty of prayer, and of faith in Christ, His inter-
cession for sinners is then specially emphasized, and his willing-
ness to save all classes of men. The peace which God gives the
believer in Christ is then referred to, however great may have
been one's sins; and hence the believer's right to desire to be de-
livered from this mortal body and to enter on the glorious inherit-
ance of the children of God. This is again supported by many
delightful texts of Scripture. The benefits of tribulation are then
referred to, and the certainty of the believer's victory; also the
importance of always watching for the change and fighting against
the temptations to which we are exposed. Regeneration and the
fruits of the Spirit are next alluded to, with the resurrection of
the body, and the blessedness of all those who believe in Christ,
and who shall hear his welcome " Come, ye blessed of my Father,
inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the
world ". The form ends with the words — Blessed are they whose
names are written in the Book of Life.

1626

1628

48 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

Comforters of the Sick* continued to be sent to New ISTetherland
for forty or fifty years from 1626, and to the West Indies for a
century or more. To the East Indies they continued to be sent
for a couple of centuries, and they were sometimes there ordained
to the Ministry. This whole matter is elaborately reviewed in
Hofstede, " Oost-Indien Kerk-Zaken ", East Indian Church-Cases,
2 Tols., 1779. Published at Rotterdam, Copy procured for Col-
legiate Church Library, ISTew York, 1898, by E. T. C.

!MlCHAELIUS TO SmOUTIUS.

Rev, Jonas ]\Iichaelius, First Minister of Manhattan, New
ISTetherland, to Rev, Adrian Smoutius, one of the Ministers of the
Collegiate Churches of Amsterdam, August 11, 1628.

• The following Tablet has recently been erected In the Middle Dutch Church,
Hew York City, 2nd Avenue, near 7th St. to the Memory of these first Krankeu-
bezoekers:

IN MEMORY OF

THE KRANKENBEZOEKERS

SEBASTIAN JANSEN KROL

AND

JAN HUYCK

OFFICERS OF THE ESTABLISHED CHURCH

OF THE

NETHERLANDS,

WHO A.D. 1626, CAME HITHER,

IN ADVANCE OF THE FIRST MINISTER

TO PERFORM THEIR SACRED OFFICE

OF MINISTERING TO THE PEOPLE

AND CONSOLING THE SICK.

" THE VOICE OF ONE CRYING

IN THE WILDERNESS."
" BEHOLD THE LAMB OF GOD WHICH TAKETH

AWAY THE SINS OF THE WORLD."
" COMFORT YE COMFORT YE MY PEOPLE."
" I WAS SICK AND YE VISITED ME."

GRATEFULLY ERECTED BY ONE,
HIMSELF ORDAINED TO THE OFFICE
OF RELIEVING THE POOR
" NOT ONLY WITH EXTERNAL GIFTS. BUT
WITH COMFORTABLE WORDS OF SCRIPTURE."
A.D. 1900.

OF THE State of Xew Yoek.

[First translation by Hon. Henrv C. Murphy, 1858, and care-
fully revised by Eev. Jotin G. Fagg, 1896, one of the pastors of
the Collegiate Church, New York City.]

1628

(Addressed on back.)

Den Berwaerdigen Welgeleerden
ende Godvruclitigen Heere Adi'iano
Smoutio, getrouwen Bedienaer des
H. Evangelii Cbristi in sijne Ge-
meynte, wonende op de Heeren-
gracht, niet verde van het West-
Indiscbe buys tot Amsterdam.

Per Trieud dien God beware.

Tbe Honorable, Learned and
Pious Mr. Adrian Smoutlus, Faitb-
ful Minister of tbe Holy Gospel of
Cbrist in bis Cburcb, Dwelling upon
tbe Heerengracbt, not far from the
bouse of tbe West India Company
at Amsterdam.

By a friend, whom God preserve.

(Sealed with a wafered signet not discernible.)

De Vrede Cbristi.
Eerwaerdige Heere, welbeminde
Broeder inCbristo, guustige Vriend!

Tbe Peace of Cbrist to You.
Reverend Sir, Well Beloved
Brotber in Cbrist, Kind Friend!

Incidents.

De goede gelegenbeyd, die mij nu
voorcomt, om aan UWelEw. te
scbrijveu, en can icli niet laten
voorbij (gaen), sonder bet solve,
volgens mijne belofte te doen.
Ende opdat ick mij in dese com-
muuicatie, van een droevige zake
eerst ontlade, bet heeft den Heere
belieft mij mijne goede parture (die
mij nu over de 16 jaren langb, een
deugtsame, getrouwe ende ganscb
lieftallige jockgeuoot geweest
badde) af te nemen, nadat wij
ruym 7 weken* bier te lande gear-
riveert waxen; ende vynde mij nu
sonder baer gezelscbap ende bulpe,
seer gediscommodeert, met mijne 3
kinderkeus alleene. Docb wat beb
ick te seggen? De Heere selve
heeft bet gedaeu: tegeu welcken
hem niemajid can stellen. Ende
waerom soud ick oock willen,

Tbe favorable opportunity which
now presents itself of writing to
your Reverence I cannot let pass,
without embracing it, according to
my promise. And I first unburden
myself in this communication of a
sorrowful circumstance. It pleased
tbe Lord, seven weeks
after we arrived in this Death of
country, to take from his wife,
me my good paitner,
who was to me, for more than sis-
teen years, a virtuous, faithful,
and altogether amiable yoke fel-
low; and I now find myself* with
three children very much discom-
moded, without her society and as-
sistance. But what have I to sayV
Tbe Lord himself has done this,
against whom no one can oppose
himself. And why should I wish
to, knowing that all things must

* Dit gebeurde dus omstreeks half
JunlJ.

• This happened about the middle of
June (or rather about the last of May?)

Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

wetende dat alle dingen ten goede
moeten helpen dengenen die God
lief hebben. Hope derhalven mijn
cruyce lijdsamelijck te dragen,
ende de couragie, die mij albier In
mijnen dienst sonderlinge "^an
nooden is, niet te laten ontvallen,
door des Heeren genade ende hulpe.
De reyse heeft lange geduyrt,
namelijli van den 24 Januarii tot
den 7 Aprilis, als wij eerst onsen
Toet bier aen land stelden. Storm
ende onweder en bebben wij geen
gebreck gebat, voornemelijcli om-
trent de Barmudes ende de ruyge
custen deser Landen: twelck de
goede vrouwe ende de kinderen
hard viel, docb sy bielden sic nocb
ongelijck beter, soo ten aensien van
zeesiecte als vreese, dan ick wel
verwacbt badde. Ons tractament
te scbepe viel ganscb bard ende
sober, so dat mijn zalige huys-
vrouwe ende kinderen, niet etende
met ons in de cajuyte van wegen
de cleyne ruymte, een arger lot
hadden dan de bootsgesellen selve,
ende dat van wegen enen ondeu-
genden cock, die voornam ben op
alle manieren te plagen: maer in-
Bonderbeyd van den scbipper selve,
dewelcke (boewel ick menicbmael
met alle beleeftbeyd daerover
claegde) hem sulcs int minste niet
aen en trock. om den rabaut*
daerover te bestraffen: nocb oock
selve genicb dinck en gaf, selfs als
sij ganscb qualijck te passe waren,
dat bun conde goed doen, ende
nochtans genoech iu bet scbip was:
gelijck bij oock selve wel genoech
wiste te vynden, om buytens tijds
synen buyk tevullen. Al de deugdt
die hij ons dede, bestond alleen-
lijck in liberale beloften met een
, droncken boofd, op de welcke, als
hij beuuchtert was, niet en volgde

work together for good to them
that love God. I hope therefore to
bear my cross patiently, and by the
grace and help of the Lord, not to
let the com^age fail me which in
my duties here I so especially need.

The voyage was long, namely,
from the 24th of January till the
7th of April, when we first set foot
upon land. Of storm and tempest
which fell hard upon
the good wife and Character
children, though they of the
bore it better as re- voyage,
gards sea-sickness and
fear than I had expected, we bad '
no lack, particularly in the vicinity
of the Bermudas and the rough
coasts of this country. Our fare
in the ship was very poor and
scanty, so that my blessed wife
and children, not eating with us in
the cabin, on account of the little
room in it, had a worse lot than
the sailors themselves; and that by
reason of a wicked cook who an-
noyed them in every way; but
especially by reason of the captain
himself, who, although I frequently
complained of it in the most
courteous manner, did not concern
himself in the least about correct-
ing the rascal;* nor did be, even
when they were all sick, give them
anything which could do them any
good, although there was enough
in the ship: as he himself knew
very well where to find it in order,
out of meal times, to fill his own
stomach. All the relief which he
gave us, consisted merely in liberal
promises, with a drunken head;
upon which nothing followed when
be was sober but a sour face; and
he raved at the officers and kept

* Hij bedoelt den kok.

• He means the cook.

OF THE State of ]^ew Yokk.

1628

dan een suyr gesichte, ende dus
heeft hij mede de beeste gespeelt
tegens de offlcieren, ende hem ge-
stadich aen den wijn gehouden, soo
in zee, als oock voornemelijck hier
liggende in de Riviere (Hudson),
soo dat bij dagelijcx te scbepe ge-
loopeu beeft met een nat seyl ende
berooyt boofd, comende seer selden
te lande in den Raed* ende nim-
mermeer in de publycke Godsdienst.
Wij bebben 't te scbepe al met
stilswijgen verdragen, maer bet
jammert mij, als ick daer aen ge-
dencke om mijner buysrouwen
Tville, te meer omdat se soo gestelt
was, als sij was, niet anders
wetende of sij was swanger van
kynde, ende omdat den tijd soo
cort was, dien sij noch badde te
leven. Ick bebbe in mijne eerste
voyagie* lange met bem gesworen,
jae gelgeert in 6en butte, maer en
wiste nooyt datter sulcken buffel
ende dronckaerd in stack. Maer
doe stond bij onder d'opsicbt van
den Heer Lam, ende nu badd' bij
selve over alles te gebieden. Ick
heb oock aen den Heere Godynf
daervan gescbreven, noodicb acb-
tende dat ment wete.

Onse aencomste was albier aen-
genaem bij alien, ende verbope
door des Heeren genade dat mijn
dienst niet onvrucbtbaer sal wesen.
Het volck is de meeste part al vrij
wat ruycb ende ongebonden, docb
ick bevynde in meest alien, beyde

bimself constantly to tbe wine,
both at sea and especially bere
wbile lying in tbe (Hudson) River;
so tbat be navigated tbe sbip daily
witb a wet sail and an empty bead,
seldom coming asbore to tbe Coun-
cil* and never to Divine service.
We bore all witb silence on board
tbe sbip; but it grieves me, when
I think of it, on account of my
wife; the more, because she was in
such a physical state as she was —
believing herself to be in a delicate
condition — and the time so short
which she had yet to live. On my
first voyage* I roamed about with
him a gi-eat deal, even lodged in
tbe same hut, but never knew that
he was such a brute and drunkard.
But he was then under tbe direc-
tion of Mr. Lam, and now he had
tbe chief command himself. I
have also written to Mr. Godynf
about it, considering it necessary
tbat It should be known.

Our coming here was agreeable
to all, and I hope, by the grace of
the Lord, that my service will not
be unfruitful. The
people, for the most His recep-
part, are rather tion at
rough, and unre- Manhattan-
strained, but I find
in most all of them both love and
respect towards me; two things
with which hitherto the Lord has
everywhere graciously blessed my
labors, and which in our calling, as

* Raed: welUgt de Raad van bestuur
der kolonie, waarin hij mlsschlen, vol-
gens zijne commissie, wat te zeggen
had bij de verdere ten nltvoer brenging
der kolonisatle.

* Werwaarts? naar Rrazilie en Gui-
nea, tusschen 1624 en 1626.

t Welligt bedoelt hij Samuel Godyn,
bij O'Callaghan, 1. 479.

♦ Council: perhaps the Council of the
administration of the Colony, wherein
he, probably according to his Commis-
sion, had a voice in reference to pro-
moting colonization.

* Whither? to Brazil and Guinea, be-
tween 1024-1626.

t Perhaps he means Samuel Godyn,
with O'Callaghan, 1. 479.

Ecclesiastical Records

1628

liefde t'mljwaert, ende oock ont-
sich; twee dingen daermede de
Heere mijnen dienst tot noch toe
allenthalren genadelijck gezegent
heeft, ende die ons in onse be-
dieninge (gelijck UWelEerw. selve
Tvel weet ende bevyndt) sonderlinge
wel te paBse comen om vruclit tc
rerschaffen.

your Reverence well knows and
finds, are especially desirable, in
order to make (our ministry) fruit-
ful.

The Church.

Wij hebben van eersten aen een
forme van een gemeente aenge-
stelt; ende dewljle de Breeder
Bastiaen Crol* seer selden na bene-
den afcomt van 't fort Orangie,
doordieu hem aldaer de Directie
van tselve fort en den handel be-
volen is: soo is goed gevonden twe
Ouderlingen te verkiesen, mij tot
assistentie ende beboorlijck com-
municatie alles wat kerckelijk
sonde mogen voorvallen: denckende
het toecomende jaer soo 't de Heere
toelaet, den enen te laten afgaen,
ende enen anderen in sijne plaetse
te verkiesen uyt een dubbeld getal,
der Gemeynte eerst wettelijk voor-
gestelt. D'een die wij nu gecoren
hebben, is de heer Directeur* selve
ende d'ander de winkelhouder der

From the beginning we estab-
lished the form of a church; and
as Brother Bastiaen Crol* very
seldom comes down from Fort
Orange, because the Directorship
of that fort and the trade there is
committed to him, it has been
thought best to choose two elders
for my assistance and for the
proper consideration of all such
ecclesiastical matters as might oc-
cur, intending the coming year, if
the Lord permit, to let one of them
retire, and to choose another in his
place from a double
number first lawfully Consistory
proposed to the congre- appointed,
gation. One of those
whom we have now chosed is the
Honorable Director* himself, and

* O'Callaghan, 1. 122. Seb. Jansen
Krol was ook volgens Brodhead In 1626
krankbezoeker' op bet elland Manhat-
tans, In 1628 Vice-DIrecteur op fort
Oranje. Br., p. 165, 169, 183, 201, 212,
223.

• Director, Peter Minult or MInnewit,
Tan Wesel. O'Callaghan, I. 100. Brod-
head, 162 en passim tot 32v. Hij zag
zlch In 1631 ontslagen, en stiorf later iu
de Zweodsche kolonie aan de Zuldrlvler,
als haar beschermer. In 1641. Er Is geen
epoor van mlsverstand tusschen hem en
Mlchaellus gevonden, gelijk wel later
tusschen Mlnult's opvolger, Ev. Bogar-
dtis, en den volgenden Directeur der
kolonie, Wouter van Twlller.

• O'Callaghan, i. 422. Sebastian Jan-
sen Krol, was also, according to Brod-
head, a Comforter of the Sick on the
Island of Manhattan in 1626, and Vice-
Director at Fort Orange in 1628. Brod-
head, i., 165, 169, 183, 201, 212, 223.

* Director, Peter Minult or MInnewit,
from Wesel. O'Callaghan, i. 100. Brod-
bi-ad. 1G2, and in various places down to
320. He saw himself dismissed In 1631,
and subsequently died in the Swedish
Colony on the South River, while " Pro-
tector " there in 1641. There has been
found no trace of any misunderstanding
between him and Michaellus, as subse-
quently there was between his successor
Bogardus, and Van Twlller, the uext
Director of the Colony.

OF THE State of New York.

Compagnle, Jan Huygen, zijn
swager, luyden van zeer goeden
getuygenisse, soo vele ick doemaels
vernemen conde; hebbende beyden
wel eer geweest in kerckelijke be-
dieninge, d'eene der diaconye ende
d'ander des Ouderlingschaps re-
spectivelijk in de Duytsclie ende
Fransche Kercke tot Wesel.

Wij hebben in de eerste be-
dieninge des H. Avondmaels (niet
sender groote blijdscnap ende
troost van velen geliouden) gehat
niyn 50 communicanten, soo Walen
als Duytschen: van de welcke een
partije hare eerste belydenisse des
geloofs voor one gedaen hebben,
ende andere hare kerchelijcke at-
testatien verthoont. Andere had-
den ee vergeten mede te nemen,
niet denckende dat hier een ge-
meente geformeert ende opgericht
sonde werden; ende enige die se
metgenomen hadden hebben se in
enen gemeynen ongeluckigen brand
verloren: doch sijn geadmitteert op
goede getuigenisse van andere dien
sulx bekent was, ende oock op hun
dagelijcx goed eomportement; de-
wijle men in een sulcke gelegen-
heyd om een be-ginsel te maken,
alle behoorlijcke formaliteyten soo
naeuwe niet can observeren.

Wij houden des heeren H.
Avondmael eens om de 4 maenden
bij provisie, tot dat een meerder
frequentie des volex anders sal
vereysschen. De Walen ende
Francoisen en hebben des sondaegs
genen dienst anders dan in de
Duytsche tale: want die geen
Duytseh en verstaen syn gansch
weynich. Daer gaet oock een
partije A^alen na 't vaderland,

the other is the storekeeper of the
Company, Jan Huyghens,* his
brother - in - law, persons of very
good character, as far as I have
been able to learn, having both
been formerly in office in the
Church, the one as deacon, and the
other as elder in the Dutch and
French churches, respectively, at
Wesel.

At the first administration of the
Lord's Supper which was observed,
not without great joy and comfort
to many, we had fully fifty com-
municants— Walloons and Dutch;
of whom, a portion made their first
confession of faith before us, and
others exhibited their church cer-
tificates. Others had for-
gotten to bring their cer- Lord's
tificates with them not Supper,
thinking that a church
would be formed and established
here; and some who brought them,
had lost them unfortunately in a
general conflagration, but they
were admitted upon the satisfac-
tory testimony of others to whom
they were known, and also upon
their daily good deportment, since
we cannot observe strictly all the
usual formalities in making a be-
ginning under such circumstances.

We administer the Holy Sacra-
ment of the Lord once in four
months, provisionally, until a larger
number of people shall otherwise
require. The Walloons
and French have no Walloon*,
service on Sundays, French
otherwise than in the service.
Dutch language, for
those who understand no Dutch are
very few. A portion of the Wal-

* This was probably the " Jan
Huyck ", who was the colleague of
Crol, as Krnnkbesoecker, at Manhattan,
In 1026.

Ecclesiastical Records

1628

'tslj dan omdat hare jaren alhler
geexpireert sijn, ofte oock omdat
enige der Compagnie niet seer
dienstich en ziju: sommige wonen
verde, ende en souden blj grooten
regen ofte onweder niet wel con-
nen comen, soo datse selve sulcx
niet raedsaem en connen vyndeu
enigen bysonderen dienst int
Frausche aen te stellen onder een
BOO clyne boopken, ende dat noch
op het onsekere. Evenwel bet
Avondmael werdt ben toegedient in
de Franscbe tale ende op de
Franscbe wljse met een voorgaende
predicatie, die iek in gescbrifte voor
mlj legge, soo lange ick mijselven
de bebooriijcke veerdicbeid niet toe
en vertrouwe.* Isser yet soo in
dese als in andere zaken daerin
UWelEerw. ende de E. E. Broede-
ren des Kerckenraeds (welcker in-
spectie over ons bier d'aldernaeste
Is) noodicb acbten ons te dienen
met enige correctie, instructie ofte
goede advysen, tsal ons aengenaem
Bijn ende wij sullen UWelEerw.
daer voren danck weten: dewijle
wij alle geen ander oogemerck
moeten bebben dan d'eere Godes in
de opboiiwiuge van sijn Couinck-
rijcke ende beboudenisse van vele
zlelen. Ick boude mij soo veel als
doenlijck is binnen de palen mijner
beroupinge, daerin ick mij oock ge-
noechsamelijck geoccupeert vynde.
Ende boewel onse cleyne Raed der
Kercke. bestaende ten boogsten (als
de Broeder Crol bier beneden is)
niet meer dan wt 4 personen, de
alle (mij alleene wtgesondert) oock
politycque bedieningen bebben, soo
verhope ick hocbtans de voorval-
lende kerckelijcke diugen van de
borgerlijcke sorgfuldelijck te onder-

loons are going back to tbe Father-
land, either because their years
here are expired, or else because
some are not very serviceable to
tbe company. Some of them live
far away and could not well come
in time of heavy rain and storm,
so that it is not advisable to ap-
point any special service in French
for so small a number, and that
upon an uncertainty. Nevertheless,
the Lord's Supper was administered
to them in the French language,
and according to the French mode,
with a discourse preceding, which
I had before me in writing, as I
could not trust myself extempo-
raneously.* If in this and in other
matters your Reverence and the
Honorable Brethren* of the Con-
sistory, (at Amsterdam,) who have
special superintendence over us
here, deem it neces-
sary to administer to Subjection
us any correction, in- to minis-
struction or good ad- tors at
vice, it will be agree- Amster-
able to us and we will dam.
thank j'our Reverence
therefor; since we must have no
other object than the glory of God
in the building up of his kingdom
and the salvation of many souls.
I keep myself as far as practicable
within the pale of my calling,
wherein I find myself sufBciently
occupied. And although our small
Consistory embraces
at the most — when Consistory:
Brother Crol is down Michaelius,
here — not more than Crol,
four persons, all of Minuit,
whom, myself alone Huyg'hens.
excepted, have also
public business to attend to, I still

• Namelljk, om voor de vulst in het
Vraascb te prediken.

• That is to preach extempore in
Frenct.

* Kamed near the end of this letter.

OF THE State of j^ew York.

echeyden, opdat elck geoccupeert
blijve met sijn eygen subject.

hope to separate carefully the
ecclesiastical from the civil matters
which occur, so that each one will
be occupied with his own subject

Civil ]\Iattees.

Ende hoewel vele dingen sijn
mixti generis, ende de politycque
ende kerckelijcke personeu malcan-
deren grootelijcx connen dienen,
eoo moeten nochtans te samen
gaende dingen ende ampten niet
vermengt maer ouderdscheyden
werden, om alle verwerringen ende
brodderijen te verhoeden. Ende
ftlsoo den Raedt deser plaetse be-
staet uyt goede luyden, die nochtans
de meeste part eenvoudigh sijn
ende weynich geoeffent in poli-
tycque dingen, soo ist dat ick wel
cleyne swaricheyd maken sonde
hun in enige sware ofte dubieuse
dingen met goede advysen te
dienen. mids dat ick mijselven
eerst enichsins capabel keude ende
daertoe versocht wierde; in welcken
gevalle Ick niet en achte dat ick
yet sonde misbeuren ofte oock bij
yemand in suspitie comen van een
kwaaddoener, often als een die zich
met eens anders doen bemoeit, te
wesen.

Tware mijns bedunkens gansch
oorboir, dat de Heeren Bewyntheb-
bei'en dese plaetse voorsagen met
duydelijcker ende naerdcr Instruc-
tien voor den Regeerders, opdat se
mochten bescheydelijck weten, hoe
sij sicii in alle voorcomende bur-
gerlijcke swaricheden ende gaval-
len hadden te reguleren: gelijck
mede dat mij alhier eens mochten
geworden al sulcke Acta Synodalia,
als in de Hollaudsche Synoden,
600 Particuliere onses quartiers, als

And though many things are
mixti generis, and political and
ecclesiastical persons can greatly
assist each other, nevertheless the
matters and oflBces belonging to-
gether must not be mixed but kept
separate, in order to prevent all
confusion and disorder. As the
Council of this place consists of
good people, who are, however, for
the most part simple and have
little experience in public affairs,
I should have little objection to
serve them in any serious or du-
bious affair with good advice, pro-
vided I considered myself capable
and my advice should be asked;
in which case I suppose that I
would not do amiss or be suspected
by any one of being a busy-body
in other men's matters.* (1 Pet. 4:
15.)

In my opinion it is very expe-
dient that the Honorable Directors
of this place should furnish plain
and precise instructions to their
Governors that they may distinctly
know how to conduct themselves
in all possible public difficulties
and events; and also that I should
have all such ACTA SYNODALIA,
as are adopted in the Synods of
Holland; both the special ones re-
lating to this region, and those
which are provincial and national,

♦ Quoted In Greek.

Ecclesiastical Kecoeds

1628

Provinciale ende Nationale, orer
alle kerckelijcke swaricbeden ge-
stelt zijn, ofte ten minsten die na
het oordeel der E. E. Broederen tot
Amsterdam ons hier aldermeest
zouden connen te pas comen. Ou-
dertusscben soo hope ick, dat de
zaken hier wel gaen sullen, soo wij
slechs aen wederzijden ons beste
doen in alle oprecbticbeyd ende
goeden yver; waertoe gelijck ik
mij van eersten aen ganscbelijek
overgegeven bebbe, alsoo en bebbe
ick oock tot nocb toe door des
Heeren genade geen billijcke oor-
zake om over yemand te clagen.
Ende soo mij bier enige dubiense
dingen van enigen gewicbte sullen
Toorvallen, insonderheid als de
sakeu enich wtstel connen lijden,
soo sal ick mij refereren een der
E. E. Broederen goede ende voor-
sichtige advysen. aen de vrelcke ick
mij alreede ganscbelijek recom-
mandere.

in relation to ecclesiastical points
of difficulty; or at least such of
tbem as in the judgment of the
Honorable Brethren at Amsterdam
Tvould be most likely to be of serv-
ice to us here. In the meantime,
I hope matters will go well here,
if only on both sides we do our
best in all sincerity and honest
zeal; whereunto I have from the
first entirely devoted myself, and
wherein I have also hitherto, by
the grace of God, had no just
cause to complain of any one.
And if any dubious matters of im-
portance happen to me, and es-
pecially if they will admit of any
delay, I shall be guided by the
good and prudent advice of the
Honorable Brethren, (the Consist-
ory at Amsterdam), to whom I
have already wholly commended
myself.

The ^Natives.

Wat aengaet de natie deses
Lands, die vynd ick gansch wild
ende woest, vreemd van alle borger-
lijcke sedicheyd, jae onbeleeft ende
bot als tuynstaken, in alle boo-
sheyd ende godloosheyd gelijck als
gepromoveert, verduyvelde men-
schen, die niemand anders dan den
Duyvel dienen. wesende die Geest,
dien sij op hare sprake Menetto
noemen: gelijck sij mede onder
dien tytel begrijpen alles wat
subtyl ende geestich is ende beyde
men schelijck vernuft ende crach-
ten te boven gaet Sij gaen met
vele tooverijen, waerseggingen,
besweeringen ende snoode consten
om, soo datse bijna in genige
banden ofte sloten en siju te
houden. Sij sijn soo diefachtich

As to the natives of this country,
I find them entirely savage and
wild, strangers to all decency, yea,
uncivil and stupid as garden poles,
proficient in all wickedness and
godlessness; devilish men, who
serve nobody but the devil, that
is, the spirit, which, In their lan-
guage, they call Menetto; under
which title they com-
prehend everything that Their
is subtle and crafty Character,
and beyond human skill
and power. They have eo much
witchcraft, divination, sorcery, and
wicked tricks, that they cannot be
held in by any bands or locks.
They are as thievish and treach-
erous as they are tall; and in
cruelty they are altogether in-

OF THE State of Xew York.

1628

ende verradisch als sij groot zijn:
ende in wreedheyd sijnee gansch
oumenschelijck ende meer dan
Barbarisch ende gaen d'Africanen
daerin al verde te boven.*

lek hebbe dies aengaende aen
versclieydene personen elders ges-
clireven, niet twijfelende of de
Breeder Crol sal daervan aen
UWE. ofte immers aan de Heeren
Bewyndhebberen genoecb gesch-
reven hebben: gelijck oock van het
snoode verraed ende de moorderijre
die de Mahicans aent oppereynde
deser Riviere tegens het fort Orau-
gien voorgenomen hadden,* doch is
bun misluckt door een genadige
bestieringe des Heeren ens ten
goede: de welcke als bet hem ge-
lieft, in dese onnatuyrlijcke men-
schen onversiens natuyrlijcke bewe-
gingen weet te storten om baer
doen te beletten. Hoe men nu
best dese luyden tot de ware ken-
nisse Godes ende des Middelaers
Cbristi sonde connen aenleyden,
is qualijck te seggen. Ick en can
mij selven niet genoech verwonde-
ren wie UWerE. ende velen an-
deren int Vaderland soo vele op
de mouwe gespeldt macli hebben,
belangende de geseggelijckheyd de-
ser lieden, en den goeden aerdt,
de gevoechlijcke principia religionis
ende vestigia legis naturae die bij
haer souden sijn: in de welcke ick

human, more than barbarous, far
exceeding the Africans.*

I have written concerning these
things to several persons elsewhere,
not doubting that Brother Crol will
have written sufficient to your
Reverence, or to the Honorable
Directors; as also of the base
treachery, and the murders which
the Mohicans, at the upper part of
this river, had planned against
Fort Orange,t but, by the gracious
interposition of the Lord, for our
good — who, when it pleased him,
knows how to pour, unexpectedly,
natural impulses into these un-
natural men, in order to prevent
them — they did net
succeed. How these Difficulties
people can best be of their
led to the true knowl- conversion,
edge of God and of
the Mediator Christ, is hard to say.
I cannot myself wonder enough
who it is that has imposed so much
upon your Reverence and many
others in the Fatherland, concern-
ing the docility of these people and
their good nature, the proper prin-
cipia religionis and vestigia legis
naturae which should be among
them; in whom I have as yet been
able to discover hardly a single
good point, except that they do not
speak so jeeringly and so scof-
fiugly of the godlike and glorious

* Hij kon dlt uit eigene ondervindlng,
In Africa opgedaan, getulgen.

* Brodhead spreekt ook hiervan niet:
alleen dat In het voorjaar van dlt jaar
1628, dlgt bij het fort Oranje vljande-
lljkheden waron ultgebroken tusschen
de Mahicans, ook elders Mohlcanen ge-
heeten, en de Mohawks, waarblj de
eerstgenoemden verslageu en verjangd
zijnde, naar Connecticut River geweken
waren. L. 1. 113 en hler onder In het
vervolg des briefs.

• He could testify as to this from hU
own experience, obtained In Africa.

♦ Brodhead does not speak of this;
only that in the spring of 1628, close by
Fort Orange, animosities had broken out
between the Mahicans, elsewhere called
Mohegans, and the Mohawks, so that
the first named, smitten and pursued,
betook themselves to the Connecticut
river. L. 1. 113 and toward the sequel
of this letter.

Ecclesiastical Records

tot noch toe schaers een enich goed
point hebbe connen bemercken,
wtgenomen dat se van de godde-
lijcke ende glorieuse majesteyt
hares Scheppers soo spottelijck
ende versmadelijck niet en spreken,
als d'Africanen wel durven doen.
Doch 't can wesen omdat se van
hem noch soo sekere kennisse niet
en hebben ofte oock wel gansche
gene. Als wij tot bun van God
willen spreken, het schijnt bun een
droom te sijn: ende wij sijn genoot-
saekt dat te doen onder den name,
niet van Menotto dien sij kennen
ende dienen (want dat ware een
Laster), maer van enigen gnooten,
jae den alderappersten Sackiema*
met welcken name sij — sonder
Coningh levende — heten den genen
die over enige hondereen onder hun
hebben te gebieden, die van de
onsen Sackemakers genaemt wer-
den, het welcke sij lieden hoorende
600 sullen sommige beginnen te
grijnen ende het hoofd te schudden
als over een coude fabel, ende
andere om met eeren ende vriend-
schap uyt een sulck propoost te
comen. suUon seggen Orith. dats
goed. Nu. wat middel om dit volck
ter salicheyd te ontginnen, ofte
een heylsame bresse daeronder te
maken? Ick neme verloff om in
dit point wat wijdluftiger met
Uwe E. te discoureren.

Hare tale die het eerste is bij
hun te besigen, dunckt, mij gansch
vreembd. Vele onder ons gemeyne
volck hetense gemeynelijck een
lichte tale die haest geleert is: ick
ben van een andere opinie. Want
degene die hare woorden enigsins
verstaen ende naspreken connen,
die feylen grootelijck in pronun-
tiatie ende radebraken se gelijck

majesty of their Creator as the
Africans dare to do. But it is be-
cause they have no certain knowl-
edge of Him, or scarcely any. If
we speak to them of God, it ap-
pears to them like a dream; and
we are compelled to speak of him,
not under the name of Menetto,
whom they know and serve — for
that would be blasphemy — but of
one great, yea, most high, Sack-
iema* by which name they —
living without a king — call him
who has the command over several
hundred among them, and who by
our people are called Sackemakers;
and as the people listen, some will
begin to mutter and shake their
heads as if it were a silly fable;
and others, in order to express re-
gard and friendship for such a
proposition, will say orith, that is,
good. Now. by what means are we
to make a salutary breach for the
salvation of this people? I take
the liberty on this point of enlarg-
ing somewhat to your Reverence.

Their language, which is the first
thing to be employed with them,
methinks is entirely
peculiar. Many of our Their
common people call it language,
an easy language, which
is soon learned, but I am of a con-
trary opinion. For those who can
understand their words to some ex-
tent and repeat them, fail greatly

• Sacklema, later in de Noord-Ameri-
kaansche werken steeds Sachem ge-
noemd.

* Sackiema; subsequently in North
American works always called Sachem.

OF THE State of Xew York.

de sprake Asdod.* Want dese natie
heeft sware aspiratie ende vele
litterras gutturales die meer in de
kele dan door den mond, tanden
ende lippen geformeert worden,
betwelcke onse popelf ougewent
signde, op sijne wi^'se een groven
slach daerinne slaet ende meynt
sijne dingen noch wonder wel
gedaen te hebben. 'Tis waer, men
can lichtelijck soo vele leeren als
genoech is om te handelen, maer
dit geschiedt bijcans soo vele int
wijsen met duym ende vingeren als
door spreken; het welcke in zaken
van religie soo niet sonde connen
geschieden. Oock soo schijnt het
dat se bare tale voor ons liever
occulteren, dan behoorlijck mede-
deylen, ten sij dan in dingen die
In den dagelijckschen handel te
passe comen; seggende dat het
genoech is dat wij hen daerinne
verstaen connen: ende dan spreken
se noch maer halve redenen. afge-
cortede woorden ende noemen dick-
wils een douzijne dingen ende noch
meer; .iae al Tvat met malcanderon
slechts eenige I'ouwe gelijckenisse
heeft noemen sij dickwils al met
6nen name. In summa 't is een
gemaeckte kyndische tale: soo dat
selfs degene die best van alien met
den Wilden connen spreken ende
In handel seer wel te rechte comen.
nochtans gansch blind staen ende
geljjck als met baeuist sijn, als
slj de "Wilden allene onder mal-
cauderen hooren spreken.

in the pronunciation, and speak a
broken language, like the language
of Ashdod.* For these people have
difficult aspirates and many gut-
tural letters, which are formed
more in the throat than by the
mouth, teeth and lips, to which our
peoplef are not accustomed, and
making a bold stroke at which
they imagine that they have accom-
plished something wonderful. It
is true one can learn as much as
is sufficient for the purposes of
trading, but this occurs almost as
much by signs with the thumb and
fingers as by speaking; but this
cannot be done in religious matters.
It also seems to us that they rather
design to conceal their language
from us than to properly communi-
cate it. except in things which
happen in dai'y trade; saying that
it is sufficient for us to understand
them in that; and then they speak
only half sentences, shortened
Avords, and frequently call out a
dozen things and even more; and
all things which have only a rude
resemblance to each other, they
frequently call by the same name.
In truth it is a made-up, childish
language; so that even those who
can best of all speak vrtth the
savages, and get along well In
trade, are nevertheless wholly in
the dark and bewildered^ when
they hear the savages talking
among themselves.

Hij doelt op Nehemia ilii:24.

t Verwant met gepeupel.

J Baeuis (sic). Kan het ook In ver-
band staan met het Fransche bijv.
naamwoord eebahl?

♦ He alludes to Neh. 13:24: And their
children spake half In the speech of
Ashdod, and could not speak in the
Jews language, . . .

t People — popel, connected with ge-
peupel,— populace, mob.

t rU'wildered — baeuis (sic). Can this
word stand in connection with the
French adjective esbahl?

Ecci:esiastical Records

163S

Wei, of men dan d'oude in haer
weeen llete ende aen den kinder-
kens die noch jongh sijn, begonne.
Tzij alzoo. Maer slj moesten yan
joncks op van haren ouderen af-
gesondert werdeu. jae van hare
ganeche Natie: Want, sender dit.
soo souden se de heydensche grillen
ende duyvelryen terstond soo ge-
went eijn als d'oude, die doch van
gelfs door een rechtveerdich oordeel
Godes in hare herten geknedet sijn
van naturen: soo dat se eens diepe
wortelen gecrengen hebbende door
gewoonte, gansch swaerlijk daer-
van souden sijn aftebrengen. Doch
dese afflonderinge is qualijck te
doen. Want d'oiiders hebben hare
kinderen hertelijck lief, ende souden
eeer noode daeraf scheyden, ende
als het gesohiedt (want men heeft
er al prouve af) soo en sijn d'ouders
nlmmermeer te degen gerust, ende
nemen se vreder steels wijse "wech.
ofte maken dat se van selfs ont-
loopen. Nochtans dies weege mo-
este men uyt. al sonde men enige
costen daertoe aenwenden. om de
kinderen door gaven ende onder
goede beloften met danck ende
wille der ouderen te becomen. om
de selve onder de hand van enich
welervaren ende godsalich school-
meester te bestellen, daer se moch-
ten geoeffend werden, niet alleen-
lijck in onse tale te spreken. te
lesen ende te schrijven, maer oock
voornemelijck in de fundamenten
oneer Christelijcker religie, ende
daer beneffens daer sij niet dan
goede exempelen enes deugtsamen
levens en zagen; raids dat se noch-
tans eomtijds onder malkanderen
hare moederlijcke tale spraken om
de selve niet te vergeten. als ap-
parentlljck een voorneme middel
sijnde om de kenniese der Religie
onder de gansche Natie uytte-
breiden. Ondertusschen en moeste
men niet vergeten den Heere om

It Tvould be vrell then to leave
the parents as they are, and begin
with the children who are stall
young. So be it. But they onght
in youth to be separated from their
parents; yea, from their whole na-
tion. For, without this, they would
forthwith be as much accustomed
as their parents to heathenish
tricks and deviltries, which are
kneaded naturally in their hearts
l)y themselves through a just judg-
ment of God: so that having once,
by habit, obtained deep root, they
would with great diffi-
culty be emancipated Duty of
therefrom. But this instructing
separation is hard the Indian
to effect, for the children,
parents have a strong
affection for their children, and are
very loth to part with them; and.
when they are separated from
them, as we have already had
proof, the parents are never con-
tented, but take them away stealth-
ily, or induce them to run away.
Nevertheless, although it would be
attended with some expense, we
ought, by means of presents,
and promises to obtain the children,
with the gratitude and consent
of the parents; in order to
place them under the instruc-
tion of some experienced and
godly schoolmaster, where they
may be instructed not only to
speak, read, and write in our lan-
guage, but also especially in the
fundamentals of our Christian re-
ligion; and where, besides, they
will see nothing but the good ex-
ample of virtuous living; but they
must sometimes speak their native
tongue among themselves, in order
not to forget it, as being evidently
a principal means of spreading the
knowledge of religion through the
whole nation. In the meantime we
should not forget to beseech the

or THE State of iSTew York.

1628

sljnen zegen te soliciteren met vie-
rlge ende geduyrige gebeden, die
doch dingeu die ongesien sijn, haest
gesien ende gelegen can maken,
die den dooden het leven geeft ende
roupt hetgene dat niet en is als
of het -ware ende daertoe rijck
sijnde in barmharticheyd hem ont-
fermt wiens hij wil: gelijck hij
sich onser ontfermt heeft om sijn
Tolck te wesen, als "wij te voren
nlet ontfermt ende sijn volck niet
en waren, ende heeft ons, als -svij
met een gelijcke sop aller verdor-
Tentheden overgoten waren. afge-
wassen, geheyligt ende gerechtveer-
digt, ons roiipende tot de zalige
kenniBBe sijns Soons, ende uyt de
macht der duysternisse tot sijnen
wonderbaerlijcken lichte. Ende dit
achte Ick soo vele te noodiger als
de toorn Godes ende vloek te
■wnerder is, de -weleke tot noch toe
op dese elendlge natie bevonden
wordt te leggen. Magschien of
hem God noch ten eynde ont-
fermde, opdat de volheyd der hey-
deneu allenskens inconem mochte
ende het heyl onses Godes oock al-
hier gesien mochte werden onder
dese "wilde ende woeste menschen.
Ick hope een sorgfuldige ooge over
dese luyden te houden ende soo
vele van hare tale te leeren als
doenli.ick si.1n sal, ende te prac-
tlzeren op betere gelegentheden
haerder onderwljsinge dan men tot
noch toe heeft connen wnden.

Lord, with ardent and continual
prayers, for His blessing; who can
make things which
are unseen suddenly Prayer,
and opportunely to SovereigTity
appear; who gives of God.
life to the dead; calls
that which is not as though it
were; and being rich in mercy has
pity on whom He will; as He has
compassionated us to be His peo-
ple; and has washed us clean, sanc-
tified us and justified us, when we
were covered with all manner of
corruption, calling us to the blessed
knowledge of His Son, and from
the power of darkness to His mar-
vellous light. And this I regard so
much the moi'e necessary, as the
wrath and curse of God. resting
upon this miserable people, is found
to be the heavier. Perchance God
may to that end have mercy upon
them, that the fulness of the hea-
then may be gradually brought in.
and the salvation of our God may
be here also seen among these wild
savage men. I hope to keep a
watchful eye over these people,
and to learn as much of their lan-
guage as will be practicable, and
to seek better opportunities for
their instruction than hitherto it
has been possible to find.

His Support.

Wat nu mij selven belangt ende
mijne huishoudinge: ick vynde mij
door het verlies van mijne goede
ende behulpsame parture seer
ontrijft ende verlegen. Want miju
twee dochterkens sijn noch cleyn;
dieustmaegden en sijn hier niet te
becomen, Immers gene die men mij

As to what concerns myself and
my household: I find myself by
the loss of my good and helpful
partner very much
hindered and distres- House-
sed — for my two keeping,
little daughters are
yet small; maid servants are

Ecclesiastical Recokds

1628

raden sonde in te nemen: d'An-
goolsche slavinnen sijn oock die-
facbtige. luije ende ontijdige vod-
deu. Den jongbman dien ick met
mij nam. bebbe ick na Pinsteren
■n-edev laten gaen, om dies wille.
dat ick bem buyten'sbuys tot ge-
nicb landwerk en conde besigen
ende binnens buys mij meer be-
swaerde. dan verlicbtinge aen-
bracbte; bij dient nu elders bij de
boeren.

De belofte die mij de Heeren
Meesters der Comp. gedaen bedden
van enige mergens ofte gemeten
lands te doen bebben om mij daerop
te geneeren ende dat in de plaetse
van een vrije tafel die mij anders-
sins toebeboorde, is ganscb nieticb
ende ijdel. Want bare E. E. -^visten
immers selve wel dat albier geen
peerden nocb koeijen nocb arbeyds-
lieden om geld te necomen sijn.
Want elck beeft in desen nocb te
cort ende roept om meer. De costen
sonde ick mij ontsien,* soo de ge-
legenheyd slecbts viele: ende dat
om ons eygen gerijf, al waert
schoon datter geen voordeel op
liepe (beboudens nocbtans dat d'E.
E. Meesters mij scbuldicb blijven
soo vele als de weerde van een
vrije tafel) want bier en is gene
verversscbinge van boter ende
melck etc. te crijgen, boewel bet
tot ganscb dieren prijs vercocbt
(werdt), want de lieden die bet
halen ofte bespreken sijn jaloers
over malcanderen. Dus sal ick den
wynter moeten overbrengen sonder
boter ende andere noodige diugen,
die de schepen niet mede en brengen
om bier verkocbt te werden. Ende
het randzoen dat bier wtgedeelt
■werdt ende booge genoech aenge-
BChreven, is al barde oude cost, ge-

uot bere to be bad, at least none
wbom tbey advise me to take; and
tbe Angola (female) slaves are
tbievisb, lazy, and useless trash.
The young man whom I took with
me, I discharged after Whitsuntide,
for the reason that I could not em-
ploy him out-of-doors at any work-
ing of the land, and in-doors be
was a burden to me instead of an
assistance. He is now elsewhere
at service among the farmers.

The promise which the Honorable
Directors of the Company had
made me of some acres or surveyed
lands for me to make myself a
home, instead of a free table which
otherwise belonged to
me, is void and use- Unable yet
less. For their Hon- to farm-
ers well knew that
there are no horses, cows, or labor-
ers to be obtained here for money.
Every one is short in these par-
ticulars and wants more. I should
not mind* the expense if the op-
portunity only offered, for the sake
of otir own comfort, although there
were no profit in it (the Honorable
Directors nevertheless remaining
indebted to me for as much as the
value of a free table), for refresh-
ment of butter, milk, etc., cannot
be here obtained; though some is
indeed sold at a very high price,
for those who bring it in or be-
speak it are jealous of each other.
So I shall be compelled to pass
through the winter without butter
and other necessities, which the
ships do not bring with them to be
sold here. The ra-
tions, which are given Food,
out and charged for
high enough, are all hard stale
food, as they are used to on board

• Ontsien is hier zoo veel als ge-
troosten.

* Not mind — ontzien, treat gently; is
here the same as getroosten — bear
patiently.

OF THE State of Xew York.

1628

lijck men te schepe plach te ge-
bruycken: oock dickwils niet seer
goed ende noch en can men 't tot
sijnen Tville niet genoech becomen.
Ick begonde vrij Avat stercte te
crijgen door des Heeren genade,
maer door dit harde voedsel van
boontgens, graeuw erwten die hard
genoech zijn, gort, stockvis etc.
sender vele vernieuwinge, doet dat
Ick niet geheel can becomen, ge-
lijck ick anders vrel sonde. De
somer geeft wel yet, maer wat ist
voor yemand die niet en heeft aen
hem selven? De Wllden brengen
oock wel sommige dingen, maer die
gene waren en heeft, als messen,
coralen ende diergelijcke ofte seeu-
wan,* die en can niet te rechte
comen. Ende hoewel de lieden
sulcke dingen verhandelen voor
eerlijcke waren, soo en weet ids
noch niet of het hun al vrij staet
na de wetten der Comp. Ick hebbe
nu wt Holland meest alle noodige
dingen ontboden: ende verhope den
wynter met harden ende schralen
cost noch overtebrengen.

Het land geeft vele goede dingen
tot den leeftocht, maer sij sijn al
te ongereedt ende wild te soecken:
daer moeste beter ordre gestelt
werden, ende luyden sljn die ver-
stand ende gereedschap hadden om
alles in sijn behoorlijck saysoen
optesoecken, te vangen ende bijeen
te brengen: gelijk ongetwijffelt 'al-
lenskens sal geschieden. Onder-
tusschen soo wilde ick wel den E.
E. Heeren Bewynthebberen beleef-
delijck gevraegt hebben, hoe Ick
best de gelegenheyd sal connen heb-
ben om een partije lands te beslaen

ship, and frequently not very good,
and even so one cannot obtain as
much as he desires. I began to
get considerable strength by the
grace (favor) of the Lord, but in
consequence of this hard fare of
beans and gray peas, which are
hard enough, barley, stockfish, etc.,
without much change I cannot fully
recuperate as I otherwise would.
The summer yields something, but
what of that for any one who has
no strength? The savages also
bring some things, but one who has
no wares, such as knives, beads,
and the like, or seewan,* cannot
come to any terms with them.
Though the people trade such
things for proper wares, I know not
whether it is permitted by the laws
of the Company. I have now
ordered from Holland most all
necessaries; but I expect to pass
through the winter with hard and
scanty food.

The country yields many good
things for the support of life, but
they are all too unfit and wild to
be gathered. Better regulations
should be established, as doubtless
will gradually be the case, so that
people who have the knowledge
and implements for seeking out all
kinds of things in their season shall
secure and gather them. In the
meanwhile, I wish the
Honorable Directors Need of
to be courteously en- land,

quired of, how I can
have the opportunity to possess a

• Seeuwan, eene eoort van walvisch-
baard of balein, in den niilhandel
destijds aldaar gebniikolljk en bIJ de
Inboorlingen zeer gewlld. Zle A.v.d.
Donck, Bescher. van Nleuw-Nederlant,
2de dr. Amst. 1656. bl. 56, 57.

• Sccwan — a sort of whale fin or
whale bone, very useful in the barter
of those times, and with the nativea
much In demand. See Vander Donck's
Description of New Netherland, 2nd ed.,
1G5G. 5G. 57.

Ecclesiastical Records

ende mij selven daerop (oock tot
mijnen costen) te geneeren? Want
soo lange hier niet meer van gerief
bij den landlieden te crijgen is ende
ick genoodzaeckt sonde Tvesen tot
hooge costen met vele moeyten ende
peryckel alles wt het Vaderland te
ontbieden ofte hier op dit enckel
sober ende hard rantzoen te leven:
dat sonde mij ende mijne kinderen
gansch slecht bevallen. Ons ont-
breken noch 10 ofte 12 boeren met
peerden, koeijen ende arbeydslieden
naer advenant om onsselven te
bedroopen van brood, suyvel ende
behoorlijcke verversschinge. Want
hier sijn nabij gelegene plaetsen,
die licht sijn te beschermen ende
seer bequaem: die men oock den
Wilden om een geringe snuyster-
inge sonde connen afcoopen, ofte
oock eonder peryckel innemen:
dewijle wij daerop meer dan ge-
noechsame actien op hebben de
welcke nooyt afgedaen en sijn ge-
worden, maer met sulken insicht
altijd gereserveert.

portion of land, and at my ovm ex-
pense to support myself upon it.
For as long as there is no more
accommodation to be obtained here
from the country people, I shall be
compelled to order everything from
the Fatherland at great expense
and with much risk and trouble, or
else live here upon these poor and
hard rations alone, which would
badly suit me and
my children. We Need of
want ten or twelve farmers,
farmers with horses,
cows and laborers in proportion, to
furnish us with bread and fresh
butter, milk and cheese. There are
convenient places which can be
easily protected and very suitable,
which can be bought from the sav-
ages for trifling toys, or could be
occupied without risk, because we
have more than enough shares
which have never been cleared but
have been always reserved for that
purpose.

CoNDITIOJi OF THE CoLONY.

De negotie in de vellen* valt slap
ende dat van wegen een ■ nieuwe
oorloge der Maechibaeys tegen de
Mahicans aent oppereynde van dese
riviere. Daer vallen wreede moor-
derijen tusschen beyden. De Ma-
hicans sijn vluchtich; ende hun
lant staet open, seer vruchtbaer
ende plaisierich: het jammert ons
alleen dat men geen volck, noch
ordre en heeft van de Heeren
Meesters om het selve te besetten.
Men velt hier vele houts om na 't
Vaderland te voeren, maer de
schepen sijn te weynich om vele
te laden. Men maeckt enen meulen

The business of furs* is dull on
account of the new war of the
Maechibaeys (Mohawks) against
the Mohicans at the upper end of
this river. There have occurred
cruel murders on both
sides. The Mohicans Wars,
have fled and their Industries,
lands are unoccupied
and are very fertile and pleasant.
It grieves us that there are no peo-
ple, and that there is no regulation
of the Honorable Directors to oc-
cupy the same. They fell much
wood here to carry to the Father-
land, but the vessels are too few

• Bevervellen.

* The beaver-skins.

OF THE State of I^ew York.

te wynde* om hovit te sagen; ge-
lljck wij oock al enen meelmolen
hebben. Men backt hier stenen
doch slj vallen gansch slecM. Om
calck te branden isser goede
stoffe namelijck oesterscbelpen bij
menicbten. De potascbbrandinge
en succedeert nlet ende de meester
met sijne arbeydslieden sijn ar-
bej'dslleden sijn alle grootelijcx
verabuseert.t

Men is besich met een forteresse
te bouwen van goede bergbstenen,
die niet verde van bier bij menicb-
ten leggen. De Heere bouTre
slechts mede, ende sij de wacbter
op onse muyren. Men siet hier
goede commoditeyt om sont te
maken: want daer sijn gelegene
plaatsen, bet water is sout genoech
ende 'ten onbreeckt niet aen hitte
in den somer. Yoorts wat de
wateren al geven van vele soorten
riscb beyde in zee ende in de
rivieren: wat bet land al beeft van
gevogelte. wild ende bosschagien,
van eerdvruchten, boomvrucbten,
wortelen, gewassen, cruyden soo
om te eten als medicinale ende
met de welcke wonderlijeke curen
gewrocbt conn en werden, soo (sou)
gansch langh vallen om te ver-
halen. ende ick en sonde 't soo
geheel pertinent alsnocb niet con-
nen doen. Uwe E. heeft daer af
ten deele al kennisse gecregen ende
sal wt andere noch meer be-
scheyds connen vernemon. Het
land is goed ende playsiericb, de
lucht is gesond niet tegenstaende
de subyte veranderinge van coude
ende hitte. De sonne is gansch
beet, de wynter fel ende strenge
ende duyrt ruym soo lange als in

to take much of it. They are mak-
ing a windmill* to saw the wood
and we also have a gristmill.
They bake brick here, but it is very
poor. There is good material for
burning lime, namely, oyster shells,
in large quantities. The burning
of potash has not succeeded; the
master and his laborers are all
greatly disappointed. t

Yv'e are busy now in building a
fort of good quarry stone, which is
to be found not far from here in
abundance. May the Lord only
build and watch over our walls.
There is good opportunity for mak-
ing salt, for there are convenient
places, the water is salt enough,
and there is no want of heat In
summer. Besides, as to the waters,
both of the sea and rivers, they
yield all kinds of fish; and as to
the land, it abounds in all kinds
of game, wild and in the groves,
with vegetables, fruits, roots, herbs
and plants, both for eating and
medicinal purposes; and with which
wonderful cures can be effected,
which it would take too long to
tell, nor could I do justice to the
tale. Your Reverence has already
obtained some knowledge thereof
and will be able to
obtain from others Climate,
further information.
The country is good and pleasant,
the climate is healthj-, notwith-
standing the sudden changes of
cold and heat. The sun is very
warm, the winter is strong and
severe and continues fully as long
as in our country. The best rem-
edy is not to spare the wood, of

• Windmolen.

t D. i. vinden zich bedrogen.

* Meulcn te wynde — windmolen, wind-
mill.

t Verabuseert — vinden zich bedrogen
— find themselves defrauded.

Ecclesiastical Records

ouse landen. De beste i-emedie is
geen hout te sparen: want 't isser
genoech. ende sich "wel te deckeu
met ruyge vellen, die men oocli tot
sijn gerief licht can becomen.

Den oogst is Gode loff in de
schuyre ende beter geslaegt dan
ooyt te voren: daer was oock wat
meer toe gedaen dan te voren. De
grond is vruclitbaer genoech om den
arbeyd te beloouen, maer men moet
hem wel suyveren, alle deugt doeu
ende cultiveren. gelijck onse landen
ook vereyssclien. Het lieeft tot
noch toe veel te arger gegaen
omdat vele lieden niet seer arbeyd-
saem en waren ofte oock haren
behoorlijcken nooddruft niet en
cregen bij gebreck van brood ende
toespijse. Dan liet begint nu alles
bet te gaeu ende bet siet nu geheel
uyt een ander ooge: soo de Meesters
slechts goede arbeyders senden ende
op alle dingen ordre geven om hem
met die dingen die dit land selve
geeft ten besten te geneeren.

which there is enough, and to cover
one's self with rough skins, which
can also easily be obtained.

The harvest, God be praised, is
in the barns, and is larger than
ever before. There has been more
work put on it than
before. The ground Harvests.
is fertile enough to
reward labor, but they must clear
it well, and till it, just as our lands
require. Until now there has been
distress because many people were
not very industrious, and also did
not obtain proper sustenance for
want of bread and other neces-
saries. But affairs are beginning
to put on a better appearance, if
only the Directors will send out
good laborers and exercise all care
that they be maintained as well as
possible with what this country
produces.

His Relation to the Church of Holland.

Ick hadde wel voor, ende oock
belooft (te schrijven) aen de E. E.
Broederen Rudolphum Petri, Joan-
nem Sylvium. ende aen D. Cloppen-
burgium, die neffens Uwe E. met
de besorginge deses quartiers was
belastet;* doch alsoo dit langh
sonde vallen, den tijd cort is ende
mijne occupatien voor dees tijd
vele, soo sal Uwe E. gelieven mijne
vriendelijcke ende beleefde groeten-
isse aen hare E. E. te doen ende

I had promised (to write) to the
Honorable Brethren, Rudolphus
Petri, Joannes Sylvius and Domiue
[Joannes] Cloppenburg, who, with
your Reverence, were charged*
with the superintendence of these
regions; but as this would take
long and the time is short, and my
occupations at the present time
many, will your Reverence be
pleased to give my friendly and
kind regards to their Reverences,

• Belastet. Dit was dus door de • Belastet — charged, burdened. This

Noord-Holl. Synodus aau eenige Am-
sterdamsche predikanten opgedragen. —
De in den tekst genoemde predikanten
waren alien destljds nog te Amsterdam
werkzaam; Sylvius en Ti'lglandius sints
1610, Petri sints 1612, en Cloppenburg
siuts 1621.

duty had been thus committed to cer-
tain Amsterdam preachers by the Synod
of North Holland. The preachers named
in the text were all at this time active
In Amsterdam; Sylvius and Triglandius
since 1610, Petri since 1612, and Clop-
penRurj; hince 1621.

OF THE State of New York.

1628

mij te excuseren. mids dat ick
haren schuldenaer blijve, orn mijne
belofte de naeste reyse (soo God
wil) te vervullen. Wilt oock mijne
hertgrondelijcke groetenisse doen
aen E. D. Triglandium ende voorts
alle de Broederen des Kercken-
raeds, aen welcke alle ick voor dees
tijd niet noodich en achte bijscon-
derlijck te schrijven, als die van
mij gemaeckt werden participanten
in dese tijdingen, ende geerne
tevreden sijn uyt Uwer E. hand
geaest te werden. Soo 't Uwer B.
gelegen sal zijn ofte yemand der
E. Broederen om herwaerds aen
mij een letterken te schrijven van
dingen daeraen mij enigsins mochte
gelegen zijn: het sonde mij (bier
levende in een woest land, buyten
alle tgeselschap van onse orden)
gansch vermakelijck sijn. ende een
spore om den E. E. Broederen, van
alles dat bier sonde mogen voor-
vallen, des te vlijtiger overte-
schrijven. Docli vooval en dient
niet vergeten dat mijne hertelijcke
groete geschieden aen Uwer E. be-
mlnde huysvrouwe ende swager
dewelcke mij niet dan alle vriend-
schap ende deugt (oock boven mijne
weerde) bewesen hebben. Soo daer
yets ware waerin ick hen ende
Uwer E. wederomme conde dienen
ofte gratificeren, het sonde mij van
herten lief zijn ende ick sonde mij
in genige dingen willen te nooden
maken.*

Hiermede dan eindigende. ende
mij selven in Uwer E. gunste ende
godsalige gebeden tot den Heere
bevelende:

Eerweerde Welgeleerde Heere,
beminde Br. in Christo ende goed-
gnnstige vriend,

and to excuse me, on condition that
I remain their debtor to fulfill my
promise — God willing — the next
time. Will you, also, give my sin-
cere respects to the Reverend
Domine Triglandius, and to all the
Brethren of the Consistory (at Am-
sterdam) besides, to all of whom I
have not thought it necessary to
write particularly at this time, as
they are made by me participants
in these tidings, and are content to
be fed from the hand of your
Reverence. If it shall be conveni-
ent for your Rever-
ence or any of the Correspond-
Reverend Brethren to ence.

write to me a letter
concerning matters which might be
Important in any degree to me, it
would be very Interesting to me,
living here in a wild country with-
out any society of our order, and
would be a spur to write more as-
siduously to the Reverend Brethren
concerning what may happen here.
And especially do not forget my
hearty salutations to the beloved
wife and brother-in-law of your
Reverence, who have shown me
nothing but friendship and kind-
ness above my deserts. If there is
anything in which I can in return
serve or gratify your Reverence, I
shall be glad to do so, and shall
not be delinquent In anything.*

Concluding then herewith, and
commending myself to your Rever-
ence's favor and to your holy pray-
ers to the Lord.

Reverend and Learned Sir, Be-
loved Brother in Christ, and Kind
Friend:

♦ Beteekent
sehieten?

dit: willen te kort

♦Willen te nooden maken: — Thia
means — to be willing to fall short —
in nothing.

1623

68 Ecclesiastical Records

Soo wll ick Uwe E. ende alien Heartily commending your Rev-
den uwen den Almogenden God in erence and all of you to Almighty
genaden tot een langduyrige voor- God, to continue health and pros-
spoed ende gesondheyd ende tot perity, and to eternal salvation, by
een eeuwige zalicheyd van herten His Grace,
bevolen hebben. From the island of Manhatas in

Wt het Eyland van Manhatas New Netherland, this 11th day of

desen lln Augusti Ao. 1628, in August, Anno 1628, by me, your

NieuTV-Nederland, bij mij Uwer E. Reverence's very obedient servant

in Christo gansch dienst willige. in Christ.

JONAS MICHAELIUS. JONAS MICHAELIUS.

E-Ev. Jonas Michaelius.

Froin Van der Aa's Biograpliical Dictionary. — Michaelius,
Jonas, cousin (neef) of the following, born in 1577, probably at
Hoom, allowed himself to be inscribed as a Member of the Uni-
versity (Academie-burgher, or citizen of the University) at Ley-
den. He became pastor at Nieuwbokswoude in 1612, and at Hem
in 1614. Ten years later in 1624, he sailed vnth the fleet of Piet
Heyn, to San Salvador in Brazil, where he had been appointed
as the permanent minister. The next year, when we (the Dutch)
had to vacate again this strong point, the Reformed minister left
also with the Dutch. In 1625, or in the beginning of 1626, we
find him laboring in Guinea, at the fort St. George del Mina,
(d'Elmina). In 1627 he returned to the Fatherland. In Janu-
ary, 1628, he sailed with his wife and three children to iSTorth
America and became the first minister of the Dutch Reformed
Church at Manhattan or N"ew Amsterdam, subsequently called
l^ew York. Thence he wrote on August 11, 1628, an important
letter to Adrian Smoutius, minister in Amsterdam. This letter
was communicated by Mr. Bodel ISTijenhuis to the Archives
(Archief) of Profs. Kist and Moll, Part I, pp. 365 et seq. It
seems that about the year 1633 he returned again to the Father-
land or removed as minister, to Virginia.* In 1637 and 1638

• This Is plainly an error in Van der Aa. There could have been no reason for
his going to (the present state of) Virginia, where there were no Dutch; but the
term Virginia is frequently employed, as inclusive of New Netherland. The extracts
given below in this work abundantly show this. See such extracts. See also Henry
C. Murphy's remarks on Rev. Jonas Michaelius in Col. Docs. N. Y. ii. 759-761.

Seal of the Ouassis df Amsterdam, AnopTKn 163S.

An open Bible with an Olivo Branch lying upon it and with the words " Veritas ct
Pax " encircling it and the word " Jehovah " in Hebrew letters, over the Bible.

Photographed from a wax impression on a letter of tlio Classis written in 1772 in
which they grant independence to the Reformed Churcli in America.

OF THE State of 'N'ew Yoke. 69

he is again met with in the jSTetherlands, and was again recom-
mended bj the Classis of Amsterdam to the Directors of the
West India Company.

See J. Hoornbech, Sorg en Raad aang. de Evangelie-prediking
in Oost en West Indie, 's Gravenh. 1732 (achter W. Hogerwaarts
Afscheidsreden tot de gemeynte op Batavia, bl. 53, 55; M. Veeris,

The following Tablet has recently been erected In the Middle Dutch Church,
New York City, 2nd Avenue, near 7th St. to ReT. Jonas Michaellus.

TO THE GLORY OF GOD

AND IN MEMORY OF

THE REVEREND JONAS MICHAELIUS

THE FIRST MINISTER OF THE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH

IN AMERICA.

Who, A.D. 1628, organized, in New Amsterdam, this Church, when " full fifty
communicants, received the Lord's Supper — not without joy and comfort to many."

From this " beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ the Sou of God," this Church
has " continued steadfastly In the apostles doctrine and fellowship, and in brealjiug
of bread and in prayers."

" Mid toil and tribulation.

And tumult of her war,
She waits the consummation

Of peace for evermore;
Till with the vision glorious

Her longing eyes are blest.
And the great Church victorious

Shall be the Church at rest."

1628

ERECTED, A.D. 1900.

Note on John Michaellus, cousin of Rev. Jonas Michaellus, who was the first
minister in New Amsterdam.

Michaellus, Johannes, or Michielsz. Jan, called also Johannes Michaellus Kerati-
nus, (Horn), after his birth place Hoorn, was a pupil of Beeckman, and preceptor of
the third class at the Illustrious School at Dordrecht. He lived during the first
half of the XVIIth century, and was, in his day, a philosopher not without renown,
as well as a Greek, Latin, and Dutch poet. His bosom friend and brother in arts,
John van Someren, secretary of the " Chambre-mie-partic," (a Chamber of Rhet-
oric^ and Pensionary (or Corporation Counsel) of Nymegen, somewhere calls him
•' Magnus Philosophus ". His " Llbellus de Oculo, seu de naturn visus "; his " Dla-
logus de aeternitate ", Dordrechti, H. Essaeus, 1645, 12 mo.; and some philosophical
and mathematical treatises, which were never published, would have given him a
right to this title. Of his Greek muse, we possess as a specimen, only a " Te-
trastichon ", among the poemata at the back of the aforesaid Llbellus; of his Latin
muse there are more at hand, such as " Carmina Sacra "; " Elogla "; one entitled —
"Virgo Dordraceua "; anotlier, " De Continlbus 70 pagls Dordrechtum clrcumja-

1628

YO Ecclesiastical Eecobds

Reg. r. K Holl. bl. 318; v. d. Aa, Aardrijksk. Woordenb. D.
viii.) bl. 92; vooral Bodel iSTijenhuis, t. a. p.

Adrianus Smoutius.

!N'ote on Kev. Adrianiis Smoutius, to whom Rev. Jonas Michaelius
addressed his letter in 1628.

For many years Rev. Adrian Smoutius had borne an active part
in the controversies between Calvinists and Arminians. In 1606
he was without charge. Previously, he had been pastor of the
church of Rhoon, a village a few miles south of Delftshaven, but
across the river Maas. Under the lead of an older minister, a
pastor at Rotterdam, he came into conflict in 1606 with the magis-
trates of that city on account of their tolerance of Arminians.
On July 20, 1613, he was summoned before the States for a
seditious publication. He was condemned to live at 's Gravesande,
which is south of the Hague and west of Delft, and to remain

centibus inundatione liorribile submersis ". [This refers to the great flood of 1477,
when the Biesborch was formed.] Of his Dutch poems we possess only a tragedy
entitled, " Julius Caesar ofte Kaisermoorders ", — Emperor murderers, or Regicides,
Dordrecht, H. van Esch, 1645, 12 mo. This pleased the poet van Someren so greatly
that he composed on it an " Epitymblon ". He wrote poetry also after the style
of Huyghens and Hooft, as is evident from a certain poem of his, written in the
style wherein these, as well as Tesselschade and Anna Roemer Visschers, (two
sisters), J. van Brosterhuyzen, G. R. Doublet, and others, have written.

He also composed a few Latin verses (to be placed) under the likeness of John
van Beverwyck.

Under his own likeness, by Joshua Offermaus. are two lines by Brey: under an-
other are these, by van Someren:

" Wat oyt het prachtigh Griekenlandt,

En Rome vol van wysheyt vant,

Dat schuylt hier in dit deftig hooft,

Wiens naem geen sterflickheyt en dooft."
(Whate'er the splendid land of Greece,

And Roman wisdom found t' increase.
This hides here in this stately head.
Whose name oblivion need not dread.)

The same poet composed an Epitymblon in obltum lectissimae foeminae Jacobae
Michaelius, V. Kal. 1644 — (Month not given.)

Michaelius died August 3, 1646. See Hoeufft, Paru. Belg. p. 174; van Someren,
Uysp. der Vem. passim.; Schotel, Gesch. Lett, en Oudheidk. Avoudst. bl. 99; Bijdr.
tot de Gesch. v.d. Geest en Wereldl. Kleed. D. I. bl. 57; 111. school, bl. 82-84, 225.—
From A. J. van der Aa's Biographlsch Woordenboek.

OF THE State of Xew Yoke. 71

there until further orders. But in 1617 he went to Amsterdam
in defiance of orders, but he had enrolled himself as a citizen, as
a precautionary measure.

In 1617 a few bright spirits in the literary life of the Capital
had formed an " Akademie " for the encouragement of litera-
ture, among whose members was Vondel, the famous poet. But
this " Academy ", says Jonckbloet, with its poets, found in
domine Smout a vehement antagonist, not so much on literary
grounds, as because these gifted minds occupied themselves
mainly in satirizing the prevailing clericalism of the day. Smout
signally failed in " speaking the truth in love ". He was so vio-
lent and unmeasured in his denunciations that Burgomaster Hooft,
the father of the poet and historian, once asked him, " if he
could point to any author who could equal him in slander and
vituperation ".

He was again complained of because of an attack on a pastor
of Rotterdam whom he charged with being a follower of Arminius.
He, however, appealed to his privilege as a citizen, which would
have compelled the aggrieved party to prosecute him in Amster-
dam, which he did not care to do. In August, 1618, he was
permitted by the States to visit his sick and aged mother at Rot-
terdam, on condition that he announce his arrival to the Burgo-
masters, and pledge himself to keep the peace. He was allowed
to stay two weeks, but if detained longer, he must give notice
to the Burgomasters and obtain permission for a longer stay.

With the meeting of the Synod of Dort, 1618-19, Calvinism
l)Ccamo triumphant. In November, Smoutius was still at Rot-
terdam, but not as an exile. The decree, banishing him from
Rotterdam and Schiedam, was rescinded. He even visited the
Synod of Dort, with letters to the clerical and political delegates
from Rotterdam. He then became pastor at Overmass, a hamlet
across the river Maas, and opposite Rotterdam. In Wagenaar's
Description of Amsterdam, ii. 143, we read that, " as the twenty
second minister, called to the Collegiate churches of AmBterdam
in 1620 from Overmaas, he remained until January 7th 1630,

1628

72 Ecclesiastical Records

when he withdrew from that city to Rotterdam, and died in 16-i6 ".
This is mildly expressed. In Amsterdam he pursued the same
intolerant course against all opponents of Calvinism. In 1622
a couple of Arminians were elected to the municipal government
of Amsterdam. Much to the disgust of Smoutius, they began
soon to be allowed some religious privileges. From 1619-1625
public worship had been forbidden to them. Smoutius was fore-
most in denouncing this leniency. He declared that the election
of Arminians to the Magistracy and the recall of Hugo Grotius
was " admitting the Trojan horse ". At his instigation and that
of others, the conventicles of Arminians were attacked, furniture
destroyed, and personal violence experienced. When the Burgo-
masters called upon the Prince of Orange for troops to quell these
disturbances, Smoutius declared that officers and men, who were
thus compelled to protect Arminians, were discharged from their
oath of allegiance to the Prince, because that oath bound them
only to defend the true' religion, and not that condemned by the
Synod of Dort. Some acted on this advice and were cashiered.
The Calvinists attacked the Council. Smoutius denounced the
magistrates from the pulpit, and held up the soldiers who had
listened to him, as models. Summoned before the Burgomasters,
he denounced them to their face, comparing them to Rehoboam.
The riot continued, until on January 7, 1630, he was ordered
to leave Amsterdam before sundown. A canal boat was placed
at his disposal, and he departed. This circumstance as well as
the name of Smoutius are commemorated in verse by that prince
of Dutch poets, Joost Vondel:

" No Papist and no firebrand here

Their baneful trade may ply;
The packet-boat's at hand for those

Who raise Sedition's cry,
Like Smout and Kloppenburg "*

* Geen Paep geen stokebrand mag hier den wervel draeien;

De tochtschult leit gereet, voor al die oproer kraeien,

Als Smout, en Kloppenburgh; wien nu het harte breekt,

Zoo dlk by in den Briel voor zee paer voren preekt. — Hekeld, page 199.

OF THE State of ITew York. Y3

1628

Kloppenburg, one of the ministers mentioned in the letter of
Michaelius, was banished at the same time and for the same reason.
Smoiitius subsequently accepted a salary from the Council that
banished him. He died at Rotterdam in 1646.

His plain Dutch name, in full, was Adriaan Jorisson Smout.
He must have been a man of ability to have been called to Am-
sterdam.

See Dr. Daniel Van Pelt's Article, Christian Intelligencer,
October 13, 1897. See also Jan Wagenaar's Amsterdam, 3 vols.
Dutch, Vol. i. 481, 510-513, with references to authorities. Tran-
scripts, covering many years, concerning Smoutius, were made
by Rev. E. T. Corwin, in 1898, from the Minutes of Synod of
North Holland. These are in the Sage Library, New Brunswick,
N. J. They have been translated.

Notes on the other Ministers mentioned in the letter of
Michaelius, 1628.

Rev. Joannes Cornelius Silvius was the eighteenth minister in
the Collegiate churches of Amsterdam. He was called there from
Sloten to the Gasthuis, (Hospital) in 1610, and in 1622, to the
churches. He died 19 November, 1638.

Rev. Jacobus Triglandius was the nineteenth minister in Am-
sterdam. He was called in 1610 from the church of Stolck^v;)'ck,
and in 1634 became professor of Theology at Leiden, where he
died on April 11, 1654.

Rev. Rudolphus Petri was the twentieth minister in Amster-
dam. He was called from the church of Saanredam in 1612 to
the church of Amsterdam, and died on the 4th of June, 1649.

Rev. Johannes Kloppenburg was the twenty fourth minister in
Amsterdam. He was called from Heusden in 1621; in 1630 he
became the minister at Brielle; and in 1640, professor of Theology
at Harderwyck, and in 1644, Professor of Theology at Fransker.
He died in 1652.

1628

Y4 Ecclesiastical Records

Sykod of Noeth Holland, at Amsterdam.

1628, Ang. 15 et seq.
Article 20, English Synod.
Toiiching the 3rd G-ravamen of (the Classis of) Amsterdam,
concerning the opposition to the pretended English Synod,
touched on in Art. 24 (of this year) : There is opened up, in this
topic, the subject of the English Synod in South Holland, about
which silence has been maintained. Under this Synod, therefore,
(reference to) their (English) Synods may be omitted. The
Deputies ■were ordered to keep a watchful eye that the name of
said (English) Synod be omitted, as heretofore.

Article 51. (East and West Indies.)
In relation to (lit. occasion of) Church Government in the East
Indies: It was resolved that all those who shall be hereafter
sent, as preachers or sieckentroosters to the East or West Indies,
must have from the respective Churches and Classes, which send
them, special calls, in conformity with the examples of (the
Classis of) Amsterdam and Enckhuysen. This matter has been
particularly urged upon the correspondents, (from the other
Synods), especially upon those of Groningen, and they have ac-
cepted it.

Furthermore, the said Church-Order, as the same was sent
hither from India, was brought before Synod by the Eev. Jacob
Laurentius, minister at Amsterdam, coming from the hands of
the Directors of the East India Company. The offer was made
by the said Company, that if anything should be inserted or modi-
fied in the said Church-Order, if it were done with their cog-
nizance, it would be approved by them. This Church-Order hav-
ing been read, at the request of the respective correspondents,
(of the other Synods), it was resolved, to have the same communi-
cated by the Deputies of our Synod to those respective corre-
spondents; and that copies be allowed them, and that the same

OF THE State of 'Nbw York. 75

shall be brouglit to the next ensuing Synod, with notes and
amendments. Such action will then be taken as seems proper.

Pateoons.

1629, June 7.

Freedoms and Exemptions granted by the West India Company
to Patroons in JSTew ITetherland, for the purpose of planting
colonies. — Col. Docs. K Y. ii. 551-7.

1629, June 7. In reference to religion.

XXVn. The Patroons and colonists shall in particular, and in
the speediest manner, endeavor to find out ways and means
whereby they may support a Minister and Schoolmaster, that
thus the service of God and zeal for religion may not grow cool
and be neglected among them, and they shall, for the first, pro-
cure a Comforter of the Sick there. — Col. Docs. IST. Y. ii. 557;
Laws and Ordinances of New Neth. 9.

Synod of ISTorth Holland, at Hoorn.

1629, Aug 20, et seq.

Article 13. Instrument of Contract for Ministers going to the

East Indies.

The contents of Article 15, treating of the instrument (act) of
contract, was further recommended to the brethren, in order that
it may be put into practice; especially in those localities where
there are Chambei-s, (of the East and West India Company,) in
reference to ministers wdio are sent to the East or West Indies.

Article 17. English Synod.

As far as concerns Art. 20: the Deputies presented as their
report, that no English Synod was to be held this year; and they
remained enjoined in this matter, as heretofore, to exercise dili-
gence that the (sessions of the) said Synod should henceforth be
omitted.

1629

76 Ecclesiastical Records

Art. 19. Care of the Churches under the Cross.

The Brethren Deputies asked to make some report as to
Art, 27: Speaking of the care of the Churches under the
Cross, in Flanders and adjoining quarters, they declared, that
thev had found a capable person, who had heen ordained by the
la^dng on of hands, after evidences previously ascertained of
his fitness; and that he had been sent thither, furnished with a
proper letter of commission.

Art, 35. Church Regulations for the East and West Indies.

In reference to Art. 51, referring to the Church Regulations
of the East and West Indies: The delegates of the Classis of
Amsterdam inform the Synod, that the ministers and siecken-
troosters going from Amsterdam to the East Indies, are sent in
conformity with the regulation contained in this article; that
the Directors of both the East and West India Companies gave
perfect satisfaction to the members in this particular. As re-
gards the notes on the Church-Order of the East Indies, prout
in actis : The Deputies from the corresponding Synod of Overys-
sel stated, that some notes had been drawn up by them; and that
the same had been communicated, by means of the respective
Deputies of Synod, as expressed in the acts of their Synod; and
had been briefly taken ad notam by this Rev, Synod, to be ex-
amined more fully at a later time. Likewise some things were
handed over by the Deputies of the Classis of Amsterdam, which
had been sent from the East Indies, touching " Church Regula-
tions for the East Indies ", These were read, in further com-
munication, to this Synod, in order to ascertain the mind and
decision of the Synod thereon.

First: The question was asked, whether it were advisable,
and whether it could be understood as approved, in the case of
children whom they do not as yet find to be fit for baptism and
whose parents are heathen, that a blessing and confirmation

OF THE State of j^ew Yobk. TY

1629

might be used, with the laving on of hands, instead of baptism.
It was learned from the Acta handed in that this had already
been done. The Synod having given heed, in the fear of God,
to this matter, it was decided and understood, that what was pro-
posed, ought not to be done. Such a practice was not Christian,
and was not in conformity with the Word of God. It should not
be done, especially, because of its effect. Adoption into the
Christian Church in such a way, would produce evil consequences,
and could in no sense be justified by the example of Christ's lay-
ing his hands upon the children of the Jews; inasmuch as those
children were partakers of the covenant. Therefore, instead of
such a confiinnation and blessing, the children should be diligently
instructed in the fundamental doctrines of Christianity.

In the second place, at the suggestion of the delegates from the
C'lassis of Amsterdam, the question was taken up, whether the
English mode of responsive reading and singing, could be per-
mitted, as edifying, to the Church in the East Indies, where wor-
ship is conducted in the Malay-Japanese, (Malees Japons.) This
point, having been maturely considered by the Synod, the Synod
is of the opinion, that the following is most expedient in refer-
ence to this particular matter: Inasmuch as the Church of the
East Indies is altogether one mth the churches of our land, they
should conform themselves to the Church of this land: Because
no(t only where the worship is in Dutch, but even where it is
conducted in the Malay and Japanese (Maleesche en Japaneesche)
languages, a marked difference is offensive. In case the officers
are convinced that the reading aloud would be very useful among
the heathen, the Synod thinks that, quite as suitably, an entire
Psalm might be read continuously for instruction and edification,
whether in prose or rhyme. This could be done as the rulers
and officers of the Church there might consider the most edif^dng
way for the church there; but as for reading line by line alter-

78 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

1629

natively, the sense often depends upon the preceding — (line be-
ing correctly read.)

Whereas, in the same Church Regulations of the East Indies,
mention is made of still another method of blessing and confir-
mation, employed -^ith baptized children of ten or eleven years:
therefore, the Synod, after having properly given heed thereto,
deems it best and advisable, although the custom, in itself, is
harmless, that this confirmation by the laying on of hands be
omitted on account of its evil tendencies toward superstition. The
Synod thinks that the confirmation should be accomplished by in-
struction in the principles of Christian doctrine. Accordingly
the Church of the East Indies shall conform itself to the custom-
ary way of doing in the Reformed Churches in this land. Mean-
while the Synod commends the excellent and praiseworthy care of
the Churches of the East Indies, by their officers, in the propa-
gation of the Christian religion, and the education of youth,
exhibited in these particulars.

IQQO Patrooxs, 1630.

Ereedoms and Exemptions granted by the States-General, ex
plenitudine potestatis, to all persons of condition, as Patroous in
New Netherland, for the purpose of planting colonies, etc.

In reference to religion we find the following:

28.

The Patroons shall also particularly exert themselves to find
speedy means to maintain a Clergyman and Schoolmaster, in
order that Divine Serv'ice and zeal for religion may be planted
in that country; and send, at first, a Comforter of the Sick thither.

30.

Their High Mightinesses shall exert themselves to provide the
Patroons with persons bound to service, who shall be obliged to
serve out their bounden time, in all obedience, for their board and

OF THE State of New York. 79

clotking only, whicli being done, on bringing to tbis country a
certificate tbereof from tHe Patroons or tbeir Commissaries, such,
persons shall be here restored to their former state and freedom.
(Vagabonds and outcasts, who live on alms, and in idleness and
crime, are hereby meant.)

31.
In like manner, the Incorporated West India Company shall
allot to each Patroon twelve black men and women out of the
prizes in which ISTegroes shall be found, for the advancement of
the Colonies in ISTew IvTetherland.

33.

All private and poor people (onvermogen personen) are ex-
cluded from these Exemptions Privileges and Freedoms, and are
not allowed to purchase any lands or grounds from the Sachems
or Indians in ISTew jN^etherland, but must repair under the juris-
diction of the respective Lords Patroons. — Col. Docs. IST. Y. i.
99, 100.

1630, Oct. 1st et seq.

Synod of North Holland, at Enckhuyzen.

Art. 7. Preachers for the East and West Indies.

It is understood that the 13th Article, referring to the sub-
scription by preachera going to the East and West Indies, is
being observed.

Art. 11. The English Synod.

As to the 17th Article, relating to the English Synod, it remains
as before, for the vigilant supervision of the Deputies.

Art. 17. Church-Order in the East and West Indies.

On taking up the 35tli Article, referring entirely to the Church-
Order of the East and West Indies: It is understood that the

1630

80 Ecclesiastical Records

inj-unction, Avith the advise of this Synod, was sent over by the
Church of Amsterdam, according to the requirement in the afore-
mentioned Article. There was also read a letter from the
Ecclesiastical Assembly, at Batavia, on Java-Major, dated i!^o-
vember 23, 1629, to this Synod, Also one of the same contents
was sent to the Synod of South Holland. In these advice is
asked, in reference to the matter of the laying on of hands; in
reference to a fixed rule, in the sending of ecclesiastical persons
and sieckentroosters ; and in reference to the transmission of our
annual Synodical Acta, to aid them in the government of their
churches. The first has been acted on before. In regard to the
second, it has been resolved by the Seventeen to allow a rule to
be enacted by the several churches. In regard to the third, it
was resolved to cause the Deputies of our Synods to transmit to
the churches of the East Indies, annually, the substance of our
Acts, so far as they might be serviceable to these churches. (This
was all done, in those days, by transcription.)

Art. 26. Sieckentroosters for the East and West Indies.

III. Whether the Sieckentroosters who are sent to the East
and West Indies, as well as to Guinea, ought not to subscribe to
the Confession, the Catechism, and the Canones Synodi Nationalis
lately held at Dordrecht? Answer: Yes; and that the respec-
tive churches where there are Chambers (of the East and West
India Companies) shall pay proper attention to this matter.

Art. 28. Office of Sieckentrooster.

Questio particularis Classis Amstelodamensis : Whether the
Sieckentrooster's office is not a purely ecclesiastical office; and
that a member of the church cannot accept of it until he has had
a previous ecclesiastical call? Answer: Yes.

OF THE State of !^^EW York. 81

1631

Art. 36. Order of Extracts.

It is found ad\dsable that henceforth the extracts from the
respective S^niods be so registered inter acta of onr Synod, that
the resolutions adopted thereon in matters of importance can at
once be ascertained.

Synod of ISToeth Holland.
1631.

Art. 8. English Synod.
The matter of the English Synod Art. 11, remains in terminis
prout in actis.

Art. 13. Church-Order in the East and West Indies.

As to the 17th Article, bearing in summa, on the Church-Order
of the East and West Indies, it was resolved, in conformity with
the resolution of the Sjmod of South Holland, to request the
Assembly to act on the church affairs of the East Indies.

EVERAEDUS BOGAEDUS.* 1632

Eirst Extract from Minutes of the Classis of Amsterdam.

1632, Junl 7. 1632, June 7.

Everardus Bogardus, die voor Everai'dus Bogardns, who was

siekentrooster is geweest In Guinea, formerly a Comforter of the Sick

heeft syne testimonla naar den in Guinea, presented his Testl-

Classis gepraesenteert, dewelcke monials to the Classis, which are

seer goet syn; en dtuirby versoeckt very excellent. He then requested

van den Classis peromptoir geex- to be examined by the Classis per-

amineert te worden, welck ver- emptoir, (finally, for ordination),

soeck hem is toegcstaen, en sal which request was granted him.

toecomen Maandach geexamineert Next Monday he will, accordingly,

worden van D. praesidie; met Con- be examined by the Rev. President,

rado Clevio, die oock goede ge- together with Conradus Clevius,

tuygenisse overgeleveert heeft. iv. who has also handed in good testi-

22. monials. iv. 22.

• He matriculated in the Leydeu Unlversltj-, July 17, 1G27. as a student of Letters.
He was then twenty years of age, and was therefore born In 1G07, and was of the
Tillage of Woerdan. The Leyden General Catalogue shows 22 other students of the
Latinized name of " Bogardus ", and more than 40 of the name of Bogart or Bogard.
See " Album Studlosorum Acadamiae-Lugduno-Batavae " 1575-1S75, published by
Martinus Nljhoff, at the Hague,

1632

82 Ecclesiastical Kecords

Bogardus and Cleviiis.

1632. JunI 14. 1632, June 14.

Everardus Bogardus heeft een Everardus Bogardus treated a

propositie gedaan over de woorden proposition (preached a sermon) on
Pauli, Gal. 5:16, en is daarop tot the words of Paul, Gal. 5:16. —
examen togelaten worden. Con- Walk in the Spirit, and ye shall
radus Clevius. die met hem sonde not fulfill the lusts of the flesh —

geexamineert worden, and was thereupon admitted to the

en beyde mogen tot den H. dienst examination. Conradus Clevius

gepromoteert worden. iv. 23. who was examined with him

and both are to be promoted (or-
dained) to the Holy Ministry, iv.
23.

1632, Aug. 17 et seq.

Synod of ISTorth Holland, at Alckmaer.

Art. 10. English Synod.

The matter of the English Synod, Art. 8, in regard to -which
nothing has as jet revealed itself, remains further recommended
to the Eey. Deputati Sjnodi.

Art. 37. p. 19. Generalia, extracted from the Acts of the Synod
of Utrecht, Anno, 1631.

Offices of Minister and Schoolmaster.

It -was requested of the States of (by?) Utrecht, that the Minis-
ters of the English Church in this land, be subjected to the
Church Regulations; and particularly to all Eegulations in use in
Utrecht.

That some alumni of the (University of) Utrecht be sent to
France and England, so that having become expert in the use
of the French and English languages, they may minister to the
French and English churches in this land.

Art. 38. Ministerial Changes.
^ In the Classis of Alckmaer:

Called: Peter Serooskerke, in de Koogh, on the Texel.

Samuel Echtenius, at Warmanhuysen.

OF THE State of j^ew York.

1632

Transferred: jSTicholas Joliannis, from Schoorl to Sluysduynen.
Abraham Jacobi, from Huysduynen to Sclioorl.

Died:

Removed:

Died:
Removed :
Entered:

Died:
Arrived :

Removed:
Entered :

In the Classis of Haarlem:
Rev. Samuel Ampsingh, Minister at Haerlem.
Leonard Todinaens, from Wormer to Delft.
Booritius Silema, from Oostzanen to Schiedam.

In the Classis of Amsterdam.

Rev. Rolandius, Minister at Amsterdam.
Rev. John Bantius from Waverveen to Diemen.
William Henricides, at Waverveen.
Evexardus Bogardus, sent to New ISTetherland.
Conrad Cleyems sent to Pharna bruck.

In the Classis of Hoorn.

John Adriaensse, Minister at Hanwart.

John Goethals, Minister at Schellinck houwe.

In the Classis of Edam.

Cornelius Lemannus, from Broek to Bois-le-Duc.
Cornelius Lettingh, installed at Oosthuysen.
Maurice Hantius, called from End in Friesland, to
the church of Broek in Waterland.

8-i Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

THE ADMINISTEATIOISr OF WOUTEE YA^^T TWILLEE.

1633-1647.

Note from Brodhead as to his arrival, and the arrival of Do-

mine Bogardus.

Van Twiller arrived at Manhattan in April, 1633, having sailed
on the Companv's ship " Soutberg ", of twenty g*uns, with a mili-
taiy force of one hundred and four soldiers. He had married a
niece of Van Eensselaer, and had been employed by the Patroon
to ship cattle to his colony. Such were his recommendations. A
Spanish caravel^ the St. Martin, was captured on the voyage. Eev.
Everardus Bogardus, and Adam Eoelandsen, the first schoolmaster,
came over with Van Twiller. — Brodhead, i. 222-3.

Note from O'Callaghan as to the arrival of Domine Bogardus.

After referring to the members of the Council of Director
Van Twiller, he says : " Claes Jacobsen van Schagen acted as
overseer at Eort Amsterdam, at which place the Eev. Everardus
Bogardus officiated as minister of the Gospel.*

Synod of North Holland, at Haarlem.

1633, Aug. 9, et seq.
Art. 9, p. 5. English Synod.
In regard to Art. 10. The Eev. Deputati reported their doings
in the prevention and stopping of the English Synod.

• Hoi. Doc. 11., 88; Ix., 187; Alb. Rec. ii., 328, GG, 31, 57. The earliest mention
I find of Rer. E. Bogardus Is In Alb. Rec. 11., where reference is made to a letter
from him to Van Twiller, dated 17th June, 1634. It is to be presumed that he came
•ut with that Director General. He is the first clergyman of whom we have any
mention in New Netherland. Where he came from originally, I have not been able
to ascertain, but his brother, Cornelius Willemsen Bogaerdt, resided at Leyden, in
South Holland, In 1647-8. Possibly he, also, might have been from that place. He
married, about 1637 or 1638, Annetje, relict of Roeloff Jansen, of Masterlandt, the
daughter of Tryn Jansen, midwife at Amsterdam, and a connection, by marriage,
Of Govert Lookermans, surgeon Hans Klerstede, and Pieter Hartgers. The Rev.
Mr. Bogardus was proprietor of a tobacco plantation on the island of Manhattans,
which he rented, in 1639, on shares, to Richard Brudnel.— O'Callaghan's History of
New Netherland, Vol. i. 142.

OF THE State of IN'ew York. 85

And the same are enjoined hencefortli to keep a watchful eye,
go that no abuses against the order of the churches here in this
land may creep in.

Art. 33. Preachers exercising the practice of medicine.

II. The question was asked, whether heretofore it had not
been decided, that ministers should not undertake to act also in
the capacity of physicians; that nevertheless the custom increas-
ingly continues ; that those who are in the pastorates of churches
aesume to themselves also the practice of medicine. The ques-
tion, therefore, arises, whether this present Synod ought not to
take action, to maintain its former resolution in reference to this
matter, and to enforce it.

Answer: That the previous resolution is sustained; that is,
that each preacher keep himself within the limits of his calling;
and, moreover, that the matter be recommended to the supervision
and discretion of the respective Classes and churches, which are
hereby enjoined to execute this action, each within its o^\ti borders.

The First Church Building in 'N'ew Amsterdam.

1633.

In the mean while, the authorities at Fort Amsterdam were actively engaged plan-
ning various forts and buildings, suitable to the growing trade and wants of the
country. Orders were Issued for the thorough reconstruction of the principal fort at
New Amsterdam, to which place was now attached the privilege of " staple right,"
whereby all masters of vessels trading along the coast were obliged to unload at
this port, or pay, in lieu, certain fixed duties. It was determined to build a guard-
house and a small barrack for the soldiers within that fort, and near it, on the East
River, a church for general worship,* with a dwelling and stable adjoining, for the
use of the Rev. Mr. Bogardus; a residence for the Honorable Mr. Gerritsen; a new
bake house; and a small dwelling " for the midwife." An appropriate mansion was
ordered to be raised, " on the plantation," for the Director-general; on farm No. 1,

* The site of this ancient church, (the first ever erected in New Netherland,) Is
determined by an entry in Alb. Rec. x., .^5, anno 1656, as follows: " The house,
lot, and appurtenances called ' the old church,' standing and situate on the East
River, next to the alley which lays betwixt the house of Attorney General Van
Tlenhoven and this house, and opposite the house of Mr. Hendrick Kip, are ordered
to be sold to the highest bidder." Hendrick Kip lived, in 1665, in Bridge street. —
Paulding's New Amsterdam. Speaking of this church. Judge Benson saye, (Hist.
Mem. 34,) " The site of the first church is perhaps not to be now further ascertained
than as a piece of ground once called the Dude Kerck, (old church,) and afterwards
the house of Allard Anthony, lying between Customhouse street (the portion of
Penrl street between Whitehall and Broad streets) and Bridge street, and fronting
on Broad street." [Now known as 100 Broad st.]

1633

1631

86 ECCLESIASTICAI, RECORDS

a barn, dwelling, brewery, and boat house, " to be covered with tiles: " a goats'
stable " behind the five houses," besides dwellings for the smith, the cooper, and
the corporal; and several mills, one of which was to be adapted for grinding corn.
"An elegant large house with balustrades, and eight small dwellings for the people,"
were directed to be raised at Fort Orange; two houses at Pavonia; and one larg*
house in Fort Nassau on the South River. — O'Callaghan's History of New Nether-
land, Vol. i. 135, 156.

Synod of North Holland, at A^isterdam.

1634, Aug. 14, et seq.

Art. 55. Under Ministerial changes, occur among manv items,

the following:

Classis of Edam:
Entered: Domine Johannes Bocardns, at Warder.

Olassis of Alckmaer:
Entered: Joannes Megapolensis, at Wieringerweert.

1635, Aug. 14, et seq.

Synod of !N'orth Holland, at Hoorn.

Art. 7. Printing of the ITewly Translated Bible.

It was reported by the Deputies of Synod, that the re^-ision
and the translation of the Old Testament, whereof, see in Actis
4, has now been completed; and that the revision of the Xew
Testament had been brought down to the Epistle of James; also
that good progress had been made in the printing and correcting
of proof, of the same; that the proofs are examined three times;
and that there is no doubt that the same will be published next
March. Therein the Synod expressed its pleasure. The Depu-
ties remain charged, in conjunction with the Deputies of the
Synod of South Holland to give careful attention to the correct
printing of the same.*

• This l8 the version which came Into general use In New Netherland for the next
century and a half.

OF THE State of IsTew Yoek. 87

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Johannes Theodorus Polheim.

1635, Dec. 3rd.

There appeared in Classis the Eev. John Theodore Polheini
(Polhemus,) formerly a preacher in the Palatinate; (then subse-
quently at) Meppel, in Overyssel, and later, again in the Palati-
nate; but on account of renewed persecution, he was forced to
leave (the latter field) a second time. He requested that he might
be appointed a minister in the West Indies, (America). Accord-
ingly his testimonials from both Meppel and Wieten were read
by the Deputies on Indian Affairs, who also mad© report thereon.
The Assembly resolved, to appoint the said individual, as soon as
possible, to that field, through the instrumentality of the Deputies,
iv. 66.

Church in Virginia,* [Xew Xetherland.]

A letter was read from the Consistory in Virginia, (New
Netherland,) making the request, since their minister (Bogardus)
was about to return to the Fatherland, that their congregation
there might be provided with another pious person. The Depu-
ties on Indian Affairs will greet the Directors of the West India
Company thereupon, iv. 67.

Lubbertus van Dincklagen.

1636, April 7th.

Lubbertus van Dincklagen formerly ficare, (schout-fiscaal, legal
officer) of New Netherland, handed in to the Assembly (of Classis)
a lengthy paper, containing an accusation against Everardus Wil-
helmus Bogaert (Bogardus.) minister there. It referred to his
bad government of the Church, as well as his conduct and walk.

• The general name " Virginia " Is often used, especially In early times, as refer-
ring to the whole American coast. In a certain Index, Vol. 37, Mlchaelius is re-
ferred to as " late minister to Virginia."

1635

1636

88 Ecclesiastical Records

It was resolved that the said paper be referred to the Brethren
on Indian Aifairs, (to be by them) read and examined. This was
done by their Eeverences, and they have briefly explained the
contents thereof to the Assembly (of Classis) ; bnt since the minis-
ter is yet in jSTew Xetherland, the brethren resolved to postpone
further action until his return, iv. 71.

Committee to draft Articles for the Colonial churches.

1636, April 7.

Also certain brethren were commissioned by the Assembly
to draw up certain Articles and Orders of (government for
the Indian churches). The brethren commissioned for the
said duty v.-ill have to regulate (these churches) hereafter. The
Articles shall be draAvn up by lie v. President, Rev. Jacobinus
Lauristius, Rev. Rudolphius Petri, Rev. Hennannus Antonideus,
and Rev. John Bantius ; and the said brethren shall bring in these
Articles at the first Classical gathering, that they may be ex-
amined by the same. iv. 71; xxxix. 19.

Acta Classical ia:

Regarding the Churches in the East Indies and West Indies, and

in other regions.

1636, April I7th.
Deputati ad res ludicas."

The Rev. Goldorpius is released from the care of the Indian
Islands. This burden he has borne for two years, and is thanked
for his services. The number of the Committee was now en-
larged by the addition of two brethren of Classis from without
(i. e., outside the city of Amsterdam), iv. 75; xxxix. 19.

• See second item under April 7, 1636. It might tiave been well to have copied
the names of the " Deputati ad res Exteras " (or " . . . ad res Indicas ", or
" • • • ad res Maritimas ",) as they were variously called, as a portion of this
Committee was chosen anew each year, — especially as they were the official cor-
respondent^ with all the colonies: but as it would have considerably Increased the-
size of this worli, they were omitted.

OF THE State of ISTew York. 89

Acts of the Deputies. [May 5, 1636.]
Regulations relating to East India and West India affairs, etc.,
devised by the Deputies of the Classis appointed therefor, April
7, 1636. (See Acts of Classis, iv. 71.)

I. Of the Ministers.

1. The person shall present himself before the Classis, and
having exhibited proper certificates as to doctrine and life, shall
be examined in Plena Classis. Such a Classis shall be called on
extraordinary occasion.

2. In case a person should "wish to present himself in mnter
time to the Brethren of the Deputies, when no extraordinary
Classis is generally held, these Brethren shall then communicate
with one another about the case, and decide whether it be neces-
sary to call an extraordinary Classis for the purpose.

3. A similar footing shall be maintained mth candidates —
(proponenten).

4. The laying on of hands and ordination shall be done at
a meeting of the Classis, if in any way possible; otherwise, if the
time and occasion require it, the Deputies shall request all the
ministers of Amsterdam, together with an elder of the same
church to meet with them, and this business shall be transacted
at such a gathering.

II. Of the Siecken-Troosters,
(Comforters of the Sick).

1. The Siecke-Troosters must present themselves, as far as
is practicable, before the Classis. The Classis must endeavor
to have a good supply of tliese on hand, and shall decide whicli
out of all of them shall firet be recommended by the Deputies to
the Companies.

2. The examination of the Siecke-Troosters shall be conducted
by the Brethren Deputies, who shall bring in a report thereof
at the next Classis.

1636

90 Ecclesiastical Kecords

in. Of their Presentation to the Directors [of the East and
"West India Companies.]

The ministers, proponents, (candidates or licentiates,) and
siecke-troosters shall be presented and recommended by the two
oldest Deputies, one from the city (of Amsterdaan), and one from
outside the city.

TV. Of their Instructions.

The Instructions of the Ministers Candidates and Siecke-
Troosters shall be written by and in the name of the Brethren
Deputies, and signed by two of the oldest of them, and also by
the elders of the Church of Amsterdam; and the Forms hitherto
in use be resumed at the next ensuing Classis.

V. Of the Receiving and Answ^ering of Letters.

1. The letters coming from the East and West Indies, etc.,
etc., addressed to the Classis, shall be opened immediately upon
their receipt by (bij) the Deputies. They shall indicate their
contents, whenever required; and shall also make report thereof
at the next meeting of Classis, and hand over the letters
themselves openly to each of the members. (Or hand over each
of the letters, etc.)

2. When the Classis has taken action on all the matters
reported by the Brethren Deputies, or on all that is contained in
the said letters, the Deputies shall then write out the said resolu-
tions in forma, as they were adopted in Classis. When these
have been again read and approved in Classis, they shall be signed
by the Deputies as before, namely, by those previously mentioned,
and thus be dispatched to the churches of the East and West
Indies,- for which they are intended.

3. Letters relating especially to either of the Companies, and
coming from any of the churches of any of the provinces, and
addressed to the Classis shall be opened as the others above al-
luded to, and held by the Deputies.

or THE State of New Yoke. 91

VI. Of the Schoolmasters.
In case any Schoolmasters shall be sent to any of these foreign
fields, the same course shall be pursued with them, (or, lit,
therein the same footing shall be maintained,) as with the Siecke-
Troosters mentioned above.

Addendum.

[East and West India Companies. — Record Books.]
Besides these ordinary affairs, if something else should occur
that ought to be brought before one of the chambers, respec-
tively, of either the East or West India Companies, or before
one of the Assemblies, respectively, of the XVII or the XIX, or
any special orders (are issued) — these shall remain (stand) at
the disposition of the Classis to render the appropriate seiwice,
and to depute such members (to carry it out) as shall be approved
by the Classis.

In conclusion the Committee ad hanc instructionem (deem it)
necessary and expedient, that all the Acta, and actitata resolu-
tions — all those which refer to East Indian and West Indian af-
fairs, etc., be recorded separately in a book* specially made there-
for. Therein also, at the beginning, shall be copied the Forms of
Instructions for Ministers, Candidates and Siecken-Troosters,
which shall now be ratified by the Classis. xxxix. 1, 2.

Form of a Call to Ministers for the East and West Indies.

1636, Juno 7th.
Eev. Rudolphus Petri drafted the Form of the Call, for such
ministers as are to be sent to the East or West Indies, to Guinea,

• This book Is Vol. XXXIX, (IG.'iS-lG^S.^ in which the Acts of the CInssis, rclnting
to tlie foreign churches, are transcribed from their Vols. IV and V; and the Acts of
the Deputies are also found therein. References are given In these Extracts, as
herein presented, to both sets of volumes. There Is said to have been a volume pre-
ceding this volume XXXIX, (which is lost,) according to an Index of the Archives
made in 1880. If there was such a volume, which is not altogether clear, it prob-
abiF ran from 1G15 to 1635. The next volume of these Extracts, etc., is numbered
XXVI, (1648-5.")); and the next Is XIX, (1655-1705). The peculiarity of this number-
ing will be treated elsewhere. The numbering was not done until after the closina;
of the Old Archives, In 1816. Vol. XXXVII is an Index only to Vol. XXXIX. as
Its contents prove.

1636

92 Ecclesiastical Records

etc. The Form proposed was accepted as final, (permanently, for
good,) by the (Classical) Assembly, and incorporated by liim into
a (book*) as aforesaid, iv. 76; xxxix. 20.

Acts of the Deputies.
June 4, 1636.

Copy of a call for Preachers going to the East or "West Indies.

Whereas it is proper, so far as is possible, that the glory of
God, and the salvation of the people should be promoted, in all
regions and localities where the people may be scattered, or where
they may go to pursue their divers kinds of business:

And to this end religious gatherings ought to be established
and maintained, with the pure preaching of God's Word, the
lawful administration of the Sacraments, the public calling on
the name of the Lord, and whatever else belongs to regular wor-
ship: that thus the Lord may be honored, that believers may in-
crease in the saving knowledge of Christ, and in the true faith,
and so be improved in their actions and conduct, unto salvation:
and also that those who are alienated from religion may be led
thereunto: and whereas the condition of (the East Indies, or the
West Indies, or Guinea, or Moscow, etc.) requires that (one or
more) pious and well qualified persons be sent thither, in the
capacity of a lawfully called minister, who shall perform in such
a place all the functions of a minister: and in order that the
fonn of a church and church government, may be established
there, in , according to the Word of God, and con-
formably to the excellent usages of the Reformed Churches here
in this land, and may be maintained: Therefore w0, the Min-
isters of the Divine Word, and Elders of the Church of Christ,
belonging to the Classis of Amsterdam, in the fear of the Lord,
and after calling upon the name of God, and with the approval

• See fuller description of this Volume, XXXIX, and of the Archives of the
ClasBis, generally, in Introduction.

OF THE State of IjTew Yoek. 93

of the Messrs. Directors of (the East India Company, — or the
West India Company, or the N'egotiators of the Moscow Trade,
or the Directors of the Greenland Company, as the case may be)
have called, and by these presents do call

the Rev. and God-pleasing N. N. the Rev. and God-pleasing N. N.

, late minister at who after previous and

whose praiseworthy certificates due examination, and questioning

from the church of in the upon the principal points of Chris-

Classis of have been tian Doctrine; and having given

shown unto us, and who has him- sufficient evidence of piety of life;
self also appeared before us and having ascertained his posses-
sion of the necessary gifts and
qualifications for presenting the
Word of the Lord unto the en-
lightenment of men; and having
previously subscribed the Nether-
lands Confession of Faith, the
Christian Catechism, and the Can-
ons of the National Synod of Dort:
have solemnly ordained by the lay-
ing on of hands,

and we do now by these (presents or acts) set him, the Rev.

, well-beloved of God, apart, in order, whether on

water or on land, or while imder way, and especially when ar-
rived at his destination, to preach God's Holy Word, as embraced
in the Scriptures of the Old and E'ew Testament; to proclaim to
men, in God's name, repentance towards God, and reconciliation
with Him through faith in Jesus Christ; to administer the Sacra-
ments — Baptism and the Supper — which the Lord instituted as
seals of his grace; to lead the Church of Christ in public prayers;
and in conjunction with the Elders and Deacons, after the pre-
scription of the Apostle in 1 Timothy 3, and in Art. 1: (.-Vrts.
22-24 of 1619): and, with the advice and assistance of these

(Elders) to regulate and maintain brotherly love, by

good discipline and order, all in accordance with God's Word and
in conformity with the Confession of the Netherland Churches
and the Christian Catechism. We request of all those to whom
these presents shall be shown, and unto whom our said Brother

1636

94 Ecclesiastical Eecokds

shall come, that they will be pleased to recognize him as a law-
fully called Minister; to hold him in honor far his office and
work's sake; and to assist him with all their power, that he may
administer his office unhindered and with joy, to the magnifying
of God's holy name, and the conversion and salvation of many
souls.

The Almighty God, who hath called him to this office, enrich
him more and more with all needed gifts of his Holy Spirit;
bless his labor abundantly to the glory of his name, and the con-
version of many souls ; and when the Chief Shepherd of the sheep
shall appear, bestow upon him the imperishable crown of glory.
Thus done in our Classical Assembly, within Amsterdam,
, xxxix. 3, 4.

Forms for Candidates, Comforters of the Sick and Schoolmasters,
going to the Indies.

1636, June 7th.

The rorms for Candidates, Comforters of the Sick, and School-
masters going to the Indies, were read to the (Classical) Assem-
bly, and approved by the same; and they were recorded in a
volume, (xxxix. 3-9.) iv. 78; xxxix. 22.

Acts of the Deputies.

June 7, 1636.

1. Call and Letter. Copy of Instructions for Proponents
(Licentiates) going to the East or "West Indies.

Whereas, by reason of the (frequent) navigation at the present
time to far distant lands, it is in the highest degree proper and
necessary, that persons sound in doctrine and pious in conduct
should be appointed to instruct the people in the doctrines of the
truth, out of the Word of God, and admonish them to true piety;
to offer the public prayers at appointed times and otherwise; to
comfort those in difficulty or in sickness, and particularly at the
approach of death: — Therefore the Classis of Amsterdam, with

OF THE State of jSTew Yoek. 95

the consent and approval of the Hon. Messrs, Directors (of the
East or West India Company, Directors of the Greenland Com-
pany, Traders to Moscow, etc.,) have resolved to send thither as

Proponent the Rev. and Godly .... jST N : And in

order that the same may be known as such by every one, and
that he may know how he shall have to conduct himself in this
oJBfice of

Therefore is this Credential given to him, and this Letter of
Instruction, and he is required to maintain the following point?
in accordance therewith:

First: He shall carefully observe public prayers on shipboard.
mornings and evenings, before and after meals, particularly at
religious gatherings, and also under other circumstances as oc-
casion may require.

Secondly: Both at sea and on land, he shall console and in-
struct out of the Word of God, those in the extremity of death,
as well as others who are sick, or who may be distressed by their
necessities and difficulties. Also, particularly must he earnestly
admonish every one, as occasion requires; and especially must he
warn against cursing and swearing, and the thoughtless misuse
of God's Holy Name.

Thirdly: He must be allowed on the Lord's Day and on other
proper occasions, to deliver sermons out of God's Word, for the
instruction, admonition, comfort and further enlightening (or
easing) of the people. K he be detained on the island of Ceylon,
he must give himself to the ser\'ice of the seminary there, or
where ever else his sacred office may be required.

All of these duties the said shall perform in

the best manner possible, ^nd so commend his office by a Christian
and pious walk, that he may edify those among whom he lives b\
speech and deportment; but he must not assimie anything else
that belongs to the ministerial office, under any pretext whatever

Tlius done by us the Ministers of God's Word and Elders, be
longing to the Classis of Amsterdam on this ....... day o1

16. . . xxxix. 5.

1636

96 Ecclesiastical Records

June 7, 1636.

2. Copy of a Call and of a Letter of Instruction for Sleeken
Troosters (Comforters of the Sick) going to tke East or West
Indies, etc.

Whereas, it has been found necessary, for the success of True
Religion and Divine Worship, and for the benefit of those who
enter into the employ of the jN'etherlands Companies, in connec-
tion Trith theii" regular sailing services for the purposes of trade
canded on with far distant lands, — that the true knowledge of
God should be introduced not only among the blind heathen, btlt
that the ships should be provided with Siecken-Troosters (Com-
forters of the Sick) who should accompany these expeditions for
these purposes: and whereas, IST. IST. has offered his services, for
the pui-poses indicated, to the Classis of Amsterdam: Therefore,
the said Classis, having previously sought infonnation, and upon
testimonials from others, has admitted said person to an exami-
nation, to ascertain his fitness : and said person, having been found
qualified, was, upon the report made hj said Classis, set apart as a
Siecke-Trooster (Comforter of the Sick), with the consent and
approbation of the Honorable Directors (of said Company;) and
by these presents, he is commissioned in such capacity to the
(East Indies, West Indies, etc., as the case may be,) with the fol-
lowing instructions:

First: He is to instruct, admonish, and comfort the sick and
ill, out of God's Holy Word, every one according to his neces-
sity, and as occasion permits.

Secondly: At appointed times, and on other proper occasions
he is to read, in connection with the .singing of Psalms, some
chapters from God's Word; and also some good sermons from the
Decadier Bullinger's Ursini Catechismus; or from some other
books written by some minister of the true Christian Reformed
Church, -udth suitable remarks; and he is to begin and end aU
such services ^vith prayer.

OF THE State of JSTew Yoek. 97

Thirdly: He is to lead and serve the people when assembled in
an orderly manner, with prayers, every morning and evening;
and also before and after meals.

Fourthly: He is also diligently to instruct the ignorant in the
faith, especially out of the Word of God; and also earnestly at
every opportunity, to admonish sinners to penitence and to the
leaving off of their sins, by holding before them the fearful judg-
ment of God, warning them faithfully of their danger of per-
dition; he is especially to oppose, in every possible and proper
manner, all cursing, swearing, and profane abuse of the dear
ISTame of the Lord, as well as all indecent language ; he is also to
comfort and strengthen apparently discouraged ones, as circum-
stances may require.

And even as the said ]^. IsT. is directed always to conduct him-
self in compliance with and according to these instructions, and in
such a way that he never arrogate to himself, beyond these duties,
under any pretext whatever, anything which properly belongs
to the ministerial office: — So he, on his part, has sacredly prom-
ised to regulate himself by these instructions, and to conduct him-
self agreeably and usefully, and to continue in the exhibition of
a pious life, to walk worthily in this his calling and office.

Therefore, these open letters are given to him, both for his
own guidance, and as his credentials on his contemplated journey,
that they may be useful to him wherever he may be, and on any
occasion.

Thus done in our Classical Meeting held within Amsterdam,
Anno 1G36, May 5, xxxix. 7.

June 7, 1636.

3. Instructions and Letter of Credential for School-Masters
going to the East or West Indies or elsewhere.

Whereas, it is well understood by the Hon. Directors of the
N. N. Company, that nothing is more important for the well-
being of men, of whatever station, than that they should be taken
care of from the very beginning, by keeping them under the eye

1636

98 Ecclesiastical Records

and supervision of the Schoolmaster, and in the exercises of the
school, that they may derive from such instruction the means
necessary for their support, in all the stations and callings of
life: and

Inasmuch as, also, upon these exercises, both the glory of God
and the salvation of men are not a little dependent; and such
exercises are deemed expedient both for the •welfare of their
Company, as well as for the individuals employed therein; and
also that their ships, besides the other officers, may also be pro-
vided with Schoolmasters ; and

Inasmuch as the by these, by the name of ]!^. IT.

has offered his services, in this capacity, to the Com-
mittee on Ecclesiastical Affairs of the said Company, and which
Committee is specially charged therewith by the Classis of Am-
sterdam : and the said Classis having previously inquired as to this
individual, and by examination have ascertained his fitness and
experience for such a position ; that on the report rendered by the
said Classis, and with the approbation and consent of the said
Hon. Directors, he has been appointed Schoolmaster, and sent in

such capacity to IST IST with these specific instructions^

to wit:

He is to instruct the youth, both on shipboard and on land, in
reading, writing, ciphering, and arithmetic, with all zeal and dili-
gence: he is also to implant the fundamental principles of the true
Christian Eeligion and salvation, by means of catechizing: he is
to teach them the customary Eorms of Prayers, and also to ac-
custom them to pray: he is to give heed to their manners, and
bring these as far as possible to modesty and propriety: and to
this end, he is to maintain good discipline and order, and further
to do all that is required of a good, diligent and faithful School-
master.

And inasmuch as IST IST. .... is directed to conduct him-
self in this office according to these instructions, and he, on his
part, has promised so to do, as well as to set a good example be-

' OF THE State of 'N'ew York. 99

fore youth and others: Therefore, these open letters, both
Credentials and Instructions, are given him upon his sailing, to
B&rve him as may be found necessary.

Thus done in our Classical Assembly held in Amsterdam, on

xxxix. 9.

June 7, 1636.

4. Form of Credential and Instruction for the Minister with an
Ambassador or Resident.

Whereas, It is proper, so far as may be possible, that the glory
of God and the salvation of men be promoted by the exercise
of the regular worship of God, in all parts of the world, and in
all places, where opportunity offers: and. Whereas, His Excel-
lency, Mr. ]^ IST , Ambassador, or Resident, on be-
half of this city (state? staet, not stadt,) at the Court of E". 'N.,
has need of a preacher: Therefore, We, Ministers of the Divine
Word, and Elders of the Church of Christ, belonging to the
Classis of Amsterdam, with the consent of the said Ambassador,
or Resident: after previous proper inquiries, and examination in
the principal points of Scriptural Doctrine; and after sufficient
proof of the piety of life, as well as the evidence of necessary
gifts and ability, to present the Word of the Lord unto edifica-
tion; and after previous subscription of the ITetherlands Confes-
sion, the Christian Catechism, and the Canones Synodi ISTationalis
Dordrechtis: have solemnly set apart and do by these presents

set apart this reverend, pious, and learned IN" IST , as

preacher to the said Ambassador, or Resident; to preach God's
Holy Word, as contained in the Scriptures of the Old and 'New
Testaments; to administer the Sacraments of Baptism and the
Supper, which the Lord has instituted as seals of his grace; duly
to visit the sick, and comfort them ; and, when necessaiy, prudently
to administer church discipline; also, if it be practicable, to ob-
serve catechizing with all diligence ; and furthermore in all things
to execute the office of a minister, as becomes a true servant of
Jesus Christ, according to the Word of God, and in conformity

1636

100 Ecclesiastical Records

with the Netherlands churches, Confession, and Christian Cate-
chism. We request of all those to whom this instrument shall be
exhibited, and nnto whom our said brother shall come, that they
will be pleased to recognize him as a lawfully commissioned ser-
vant of Christ; and hold him in honor for his office and his work's
sake; and also to be of aid to him, as far as they can: in order
that he may fulfill his office unhindered and with gladness, to the
magnifying of God's Holy Name, and the conversion and sal-
vation of many. Whereunto we wish him the abundant blessing
of the Lord.

Thus done in our Classical Assembly, within Amsterdam, on

, and signed in the name of all

xxxix. 10.

June 7, 1G36.

5. Rules and Articles determined on — founded on the Delibe-
rations of the Deputies, (and) of the Messrs. ISTegotiators of
Moskow, (Muskovy) and submitted to the Assembly of the Clas-
sis, concerning Ministers who shall go thither; and Instructions
for said Ministers.

1. That there shall go thither a person well versed in doc-
trine, and who, as minister, shall preach the Word of God, and
administer the Sacraments, and perform all other ministerial
functions.

2. That the said person shall sail from here to Archangel at
the first opportunity, and A\-ith one of the first ships.

3. That having arrived at Archangel, he shall preach on Sun-
day mornings and on Thursday evenings, during the period of
his stay there; and if it can possibly be done, the Catechism
shall be taught on Sunday afternoons, that the Lord's Day may
bo the more fully hallowed.

4. That he shall be obliged to come back here with the fleet,
unless some Negotiator should pass the winter there. In case,
then, an agreement can be made between the parties, after the

OF THE State of New York. 101

1636

minister's engagement at Archangel has terminated, that he may,

upon invitation, continue there through the winter, taking up

his residence at Wolga, or at Jereslau — permission is granted

to the minister to do this: it being well understood that he

shall remain there not longer than a year; and in the follo-s\dng

summer he is to cross over to Dalaar (or) Gersbarte, so that

the Classis may have not only due knowledge of the location of

the (]\rinister?) there, but also that it may remain with Classis

to decide whether to continue the one thus commissioned, or to

invite another one in his place.

5. Also that ^vritten instructions shall be drawn up, in accord-
ance with which the commissioned one shall be obliged to con-
duct himself. These shall be drawn up by the Classis, and sent
along mth him.

6. That two persons shall accompany his Reverence, who shall

be chosen thereto by the Classis of the Reformed

religion in the Netherlands language (or church?)

alms, and to receive them at Archangel. These shall also make
due report of all such moneys received, as well as other moneys
collected on private occasions. These shall be brought hither,
and paid over to the Diaconate of the Netherlands Church, inas-
much as in the said Classis there are no garonen, ? The said col-
lectors shall be nominated \\dth the previous knowledge and ad-
vice of the minister, and for the present there are (nominated?)
by the Classis, Christian Mupa (?) and La^^Tence Gossnirs (?).

7. That the minister in Moscow (Muscovy) shall have sole and
independent control of his own church there; and there must
not be allowed in any vnse, any assumption (of power) or influ-
ence from the church of Archangel. This shall also be clearly
expressed in his instructions; especially because it is not? un-
derstood that the Rev. Bergius, who is at present located there,
did formerly send an elder and dsacon every 3'^ear from Mos-
cow to Archangel, and that this has not subsequently been con-
tinued. (?)

1636

102 Ecclesiastical Records

8. That the minister from (in) Moscow (Muscovy), and especi-
ally the one in Archangel shall be maintained by his regular salary,
without receiving anything for baptizing or marrying, or from
the congregation; so that the honor and reputation of the ISTeth-
erland Church in such localities may suffer no disparagement

xxxix. 11.

June 7, 1636.

6. Instructions for the Minister in Moscow and Archangel.

1. That the teachings of God's Word be presented to the peo-
ple with prudence, and in a sound and edifying manner, and in
conformity with the teachings of the National Synod recently
held at Dordrecht, (1618-19); that the Sacraments be adminis-
tered according to the institution of Christ, and in conformity
with the general order of the Eef ormed Church in this land, and
that this be done as often as the condition of the church there
may require it; that also the sick be visited and comforted, and
that church discipline be prudently attended to, according to
the necessities of the church.

2. That the ministers, both at Moscow and at Archangel, shall
concern themselves only with their respective churches, and shall
in no wise assume to themselves what belongs to the govern-
ment of (other) churches, there or elsewhere.

3. That every year a written ecclesiastical report be made to
the Classis, of the condition of the two churches. This report
shall be signed by the preachers and elders.

4. That each of these preachers must refrain from all dis-
putes, whether in behalf of or against the Russians, as well as
with others who have gone there, whether Lutherans or Papists.

They shall also prudently write but not

without the advice of their consistories.

5. Furthermore, each of these preachers must be on his guard
against inducting any person into the ser^dce of the church, or

OF THE State of JSTew York. 103

1636

into the office of the preacher, without special authorization by

our Classis.

6. That each of the said preachers shall be supported by the
regular salary assigned to them, respectively, by the Messrs. jSTego-
tiators, without laying any claim to, or receiving fees from, any-
body, for marrying, baptizing, or by way of benefit. The in-
tention of the Messrs. IsTegotiators, which is thoroughly approved,
being this : that they are not to be held accountable, outside the
said salary, for any other expenses, whether for traveling, or
for his lodgings there; but that the preacher at Archangel must
meet the cost of his travel, and for his lodging there, on the
best terms he can make; and that the be consti-
tuted and the married people, and the children for

baptism shall give zeal, and that such by the

Almighty may be

7. That the minister sent to Archangel shall be required to
go -vvith one of the first ships sailing thither; and return again
with the fleet, or at the longest (stay) there during the summer,
according to the articles of the Negotiators, concerning this ser-
vice, xxxix. 12.

June Y, 1636.

T. Drawn up by the Classis and .approved by the College of the

Admiralty, at Amsterdam, ISTov. 28, 1636.
Form of Admiapringe (appointments?) and Instruction for
Licentiates (Proponents) sailing upon Men-of-War.
Whereas, it is suitable and necessary, for the promoting of
God's glory and the salvation of men, that there should be in-
stituted upon Men-of-War (periods of) Keligious Meditations,
when, at appointed times, God's Word should be preached in a
praiseworthy manner; God's Name be publicly invoked; and the
people be admonished into true piety; and, in addition, that men
may be edified and comforted in a Christian manner, when in dis-

104 Ecclesiastical Records

couragement, or illness, and especially when in the hour of death :
Therefore, We, Ministers of the Word, and Elders of the Chnrch
of Christ, belonging to the Classis of Amsterdam, in the fear
of the Lord, and \\dth the invocation of his Name, have adjudged
the licentiate (proponent) N. N. — who has also exhibited laud-
able certificates both as to his soundness of doctrine and piety
of life : and who, after the customary examination in the prin-
cipal Articles of the Christian Religion, and his subscription to
the Formulae of Concord — as a suitable person to enter upon,
and undertake the office of Proponent, on the War Elect: for
which service he has also been accepted by the High Mighty, the
Messrs., the College of ' Admiralty :

And in order that he may become known as such to every one
whom it may concern, and that they may know how he must con-
duct himself in this his office, this Letter of Instruction is sent
with him : Therein it is ordered, that on the Lord's day, and on
other proper occasions he shall preach a sermon on God's Word,
with all edification, and unto the instruction, admonition, com-
fort and rebuke of the people.

He shall also comfort and instruct those lying at the point of
death; and also other sick and distressed ones, in their necessi-
ties and discouragements, out of the Word of God. Also, be-
sides, in private, he must admonish every one upon occasion, and
particularly against cursing, swearing, and the thoughtless abuse
of the name of the Lord, etc., and earnestly warn them.

And inasmuch as the said N. N. has agreed and -promised
faithfully to observe all this, and to accompany his ministry with
a Christian and pious walk: Therefore we request all whom
it may concern, to respect him very highly, (lit. to hold the same
in peace) as the servant of Christ, for his office and work's sake :
also, so far as is possible, to aid him, in order that he may per-
form his duties unhindered, and with gladness, to the magnify-
ing of God's Holy Name and the conversion and salvation of
many.

OF THE State of New York. 105

Thus done in our Classical Assembly, signed by ns in tbe

name of all. xxxix. 13.

June 7, 1636.

8. Form of Instruction for Preachers on Men-of-War.

Whereas it is proper and necessary for the advancement of
God's glory and the salvation of men, that God's Word should
be preached on the Ships of War, in its purity; that God's name
should be publicly invoked; that the Holy Sacraments should be
administered on occasion: that the people should be admonished
to greater piety, and be edified and comforted in a Christian man-
ner, in times of need, in illness, and especially in the hour of
death: Therefore, We, Ministers of the Divine Word, and Elders
of the Church of Christ, belonging to the Classis of Amsterdam,
in the fear of the Lord, and after invoking his IsTame; with the
consent and approval of the l^oble and Mighty, the Messrs. Coun-
cil of the Admiralty of the College of Amsterdam; after previous
and due investigation and examination of him on the principal
points of Christian doctrine; and after sufficient evidence of his
piety of life; also after the finding of the necessai-y gifts and
qualifications in him to present the Word of the Lord unto edifi-
cation ; and after his previous subscription of the Netherland Con-
fession, the Christian Catechism, and the Canones Synodi Na-
tionalis Dordreehtis: have solemnly ordained, with the laying on
of hands, and by these presents do ordain, the reverend, pious,

and highly-learned IST JST , to occupy the office of a

preacher on the War Fleet, and to perform all the functions
thereof, as becomes a pious and faithful servant of Jesus Christ.
And, to the end that the same may be known as such, to every
one whom it may concern, and since he has agreed and promised
faithfully to observe this, his ministry, in everything, according
to God's Word, and to pursue it with a pious walk: Therefore
have we given unto him these lettei-s of Instruction, %\'ith the re-
quest that every one, whom it may concern, will be pleased to
hold the same in honor, as a servant of Christ, for liis office and

1636

106 Ecclesiastical Records

work's sake; also to assist him, as far as possible, in order that
he may perform his office unhindered and with gladness, to the
magnifying of God's Holy Name, and the conversion and salva-
tion of many.

Thus done in our Classical Assembly on

Signed by us in the n^me of all

xxxix. 14.

June 7, 1636.

9. Instructions for the Minister going to Smyrna, drawn up by
order of the Rev. Classis of Amsterdam. (Given to Domin©
Thomas Koenen?)

1. He shall present and proclaim to the people the teaching of
the Divine Word in a sound and edifying manner, and with all
prudence; he shall administer the Sacraments instituted by Christ
as frequently as the condition of the place and the congregation
shall require; he shall duly visit and comfort the sick, and also
administer church discipline as occasion requires, but with all
prudence; he shall also hold catechetical exercises with all dili-
gence, so far as it may be practicable; and he shall take care that
everything be done in conformity with God's Word, and with
the confession of Faith, the Christian Catechism, and the decrees
of the last National Synod, held at Dordrecht, (1618-19), and
as is the usual practice here in this country, in our Reformed
Churches.

2. He shall also maintain a proper correspondence with thia
Classis, and advise it of all extraordinary events, if time permit
him, and annually to report in writing the state of the church.
To this end, he shall suitably note down all events as they take
place in a church-book.

3. And as soon as he arrives there, he shall endeavor to estab-
lish a church among people of our own nation. To this end he
shall seek to ascertain of what members there are

OF THE State of i!«[ew Yoek. lOY

tliere of the Reformed Keligion, and lie must give special attention
to all such, so as to promote an edifying walk among them, and
purity of doctrine, that he may from them gather members, and
form capable material, that he may, as opportunity serves, select
and establish a Consistory.

4. And in order that the preacher now going there may be pro-
vided with some help, he shall for the present discriminatingly
seek to employ the help and advice of Mr. Consul in necessary
cases.

5. When the minister has been there for some time, and there
shall have been found among those of our own nationality fit
material; or when other pious and experienced persons shall have
joined those already there; and some of these have been induced
temporarily, to exercise the duties of Elders and Deacons, until
such time as, under the mighty blessing of God, the hoped for
church shall be erected there ; — then, when the people shall have
so increased that it has become possible, shall they proceed, ac-
cording to the usual Order of the Church in this country, to the
regular election of Elders and Deacons.

6. In the reception of members, and the baptizing of children
or adults, he shall (act) according to the Order and custom which
are in use in this country. Thus may everything be done with
proper regularity and prudence, and offences be avoided as much
as possible, and the glory of the church preserved and upheld.

T. And if any come from other places, and represent them-
selves as church members of the Reformed Religion, and request
to be admitted to the Communion, but without having with them
their church certificates; it Avill be expedient to inquire, as far as
possible, into the deportment of each one of them. If nothing be
found against them, they shall be temporarily admitted upon such
evidence and during their abode in that place, as transients,
(passants). In the meantime they are to be admonished to bring
their certificates with them another time.

108 Ecclesiastical Records

8. He shall also constantly give heed, and, as far as practicable,
maintain conformity in everj^hing, with the practice of the church
in this land, in reference to betrothments and marriage, (onder-
tronwen and trouwen,) if such circumstances arise there; and
regulate himself therein in accordance with the marriage-law or
the civil ordinance in the matter of marriage made by this State.

9. He shall also take care that collections of alms be made at
religious gatherings, and a careful account of the same be kept.
Out of these, on occasion, needy transients (passants) and the
poor church members, or also captive slaves may be aided and
comforted.

10. He shall also keep a correct register of all the members,
and of those who are baptized and are married.

According to these Instructions the said jST. N". is ordered to
conduct himself in his office. He, on his part, has promised so
to do, according to his act of Call; and according to the estab-
lished Form, these Instructions are also given him.

The Hon. Consul has been pleased to agree to these points of
Instruction. At the same time it is recommended to his Honor,

1. To keep a register of those who die there.

2. To attend to the matter of organizing a school for the in-
struction of the youth in reading and writing and the knowledge
of the Christian religion.

The first his Honor (the Consul?) has deemed very necessary.
The second to be deserving of further consideration, xxxix.
IT, 18.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

(West Indies.)

Inquiry about a certain paper.

1636, Aug. 4th.

"Whereas the Assembly has understood that the said writings
from the consistory in the West Indies, sent to the Fatherland,
are in the keeping of the Hon. Councillor Cai-peutier; the said

OF THE State of ISTew Yoek. 109

brethren shall address his Hon. in order to ascertain to whom
these said papers belong. This was done; but no papers for us
were found, iv. 79; xxxix. 22.

(West Indies.)

There was read a copy of a lengthy paper, which was sent to
the Messrs. Directoi-s of the West India Company, by Christian
Ilachtoo (or Ibachtoo) who was formerly a minister in the West
Indies. And the Committee ad confus Indicus were directed to
peruse together the said paper, and to extract therefrom the most
noteworthy matters, and to present the same at the next meeting,
iv. 79; xxxLx. 22. [See Oct. 5, 1637.]

(Plan for West Indian Churches.)

The Assembly commissioned Rev. Hachendorsius, Rev. Ohars-
chius. Rev. Meefius (ISTeefius?) and Rev. ISTitmordonchius to de-
vise among themselves a certain Plan (Concert) in accordance with
which the churches in the West Indies may be governed edifyingly
and with good order; and the said Brethren shall report the same
to the Classis. iv. 80; xxxix. 22.

Syistod of JSTorth Holland, at Enkhuysen.

1636, Sept. 9, et seq.

Art. 34. Preacher for the West Indies.

His Excellency, Count (John) Maurice, of Nassau, about to
proceed to the West Indies, (Brazil) has made request that a
thoughtful and capable minister be selected, to be sent to the West
Indies in accordance with Church-Rules. This request was par-
ticularly pleasing to this Synod, and it was resolved, that the
Classes shall give heed to it at the earliest opportunity; and if
they learn of any one disposed to go thither to inform the Church
of Amsterdam. The Rev. Correspondents (of other Synods) will
also be pleased to do the same.

1636

110 Ecclesiastical Records

1636. Art. 35. (Under the Ministerial Changes this year oc-
curs the following item:)

Classis of Amsterdam.

Sent to the West Indies, (Brazil) Eev. Joannes PoUiemus.*

Acts of the Deputies.

Plan for the partial government of the West Indian Churches.

1636.

1636 [Fall.]

The plan drawn up by the above mentioned brethren was read,
relating to the regulation of the churches in Brazil. It was re-
solved that at the next meeting of the Classis this shall be more
fully discussed, and maturer consideration be given to every par-
ticular, xxxix. 23.

(East and West Indies.)

(1637, April 6th.)

It was resolved to ask advice of the Synod whethei

the Comforters of the Sick, [Siecken-Troosters] going to the
East and West Indies, in cases that may arise, shall be permitted
to perform the marriage ceremony and to baptize, iv. 90;
xxxix. 27.

[Committee on Indian Affairs.]

(1637, April 6th.)

Rev. Mourcourtius having been a member of the Committee
on Indian Affairs, and having served out his term of two years,
requested to be discharged from his office. The Classis resolved,
to continue Rev. Aarsenius, Rev. Meursius; and to them are
added Rev. Treteatius and Rev. John Ambrosius. iv. 90;
xxxix. 27.

• This Is the Johannes Theodorus Polhemus, who, with the loss of Brazil to the
Dutch in 1654, came to Long Island, and established Dutch Churches there, and It
ancestor of the Polhemus family in America.

OF THE State of IsTew York. Ill

1637

Synod of !N"orth Holland, at Edam.

163Y, Aug. 10 et seq.

Art. 29. Ministerial Changes. (Among many others:)

Classis of Amsterdam.

Sent to the West Indies: Domine Fredericus Keslerus,
preacher at Amsterdam. Domine Franciscus Planti, newly or-
dained to the service.

Classis of Enkhiiysen.

Domine David a'Doreslaer, called, examined and sent, as
minister to Brazil.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Jonas Michaelius.

163Y, Sept. 7th.

Whereas the Messrs. Directors of the West India Company
request a minister for New Netherland; and since Rev. Jonas
Michaelius is now present here (in Holland) without a charge;
the Brethren resolve that the Deputies on Indian Affairs must
put forth every endeavor to persuade him to the acceptance of
this service. Having done this, they will recommend him most
favorably to the Directors, iv. 103; also in xxxix. 33.

1637, Oct. 5th.

The Brethren, the Deputies on Indian Affairs report, that
they had recommended and proposed Rev. Jonas Michaelius
(Dominum Jonam Michaelium) to the Directors; but they had
finally given as an answer, that when they had need of him,
they would summon him. This greatly displeased the (Classical)
Assembly, iv. 107; xxxix. 34.

112 Ecclesiastical Records

1637

Indiams (East asv) West).

Plan to 1)0 devised to roach tluMu.

Altlionp,li sov(M-al luallovs rtMiiaiii inillnisliod wliioli oiig'ht to be
att(Mid(Ml (d, 1( was rcsolvod to ooiiio to soiuo dooision ix\2;avding
these snvago mon of tlio I'ast and AVc>st intlios, at tlu^ lirst oxira
Classical scission, and to scMid siu'li diM'isions to tlio olinrclics there.
In case that extra session slionld bt'conio too prolonged, it shall
then and there Avrito sjiociallv io the (rognlar meeting of the)
Classis, (a statement of the whole case); after wdiieh it shall
take lip the case of Christian ITaehtoo, allnsion to which shall
also ho made al the sanu^ time, in the same special connuunication
lo the (ri'gnlar) Chissis. iv. 107; xxxix. 3-i.

Afkaiks in the West Tnoiks.

1637, Xov. lOth.

Concerning aiTairs in tlu^ AV(>st Indies it was reported, 1. That
their Acta had been sent to the Svnod o^ North Holland and
to the chnrches of the ]\lense, (Macs); 2. That the Acta of onr
Svnod, I'vom the year 1(120 to the ]n-esont lime (1G37) will bo
sent to I hem; 3. That some copies (specin\ens) of the Alarriage
Ordinance', adopttMl by tlu^ lligli Anthoritii\s here, will be sent
tiiither; -1. 'IVniching the baptism of niibaptized children of Bra-
zilians, negroes and others: Inasmuch as this matter has been
referred to the Synod, (of "N"orth Holland,) and has been acted
on by them, their action will be sent over, (to Hra/.il.) At the
same lime they will lu> fold, that so far a.s onr C^lassis is con-
cerm>d, she has nincli wished that the casus jiad been somewhat

more specitically stated, and ]>:irticnlarly It had

really also the intention to tpiestion the t'liildnMi ot' Brazilians,
lud'ore (h(\v wci'c adopted, and so passed ov»m- into familiam
Christianornm. The Ibvlhren depnted on hulian Affairs will

OF THE State of New Yokk. 1 1 .'I

1637

correct the letters for both the Indies (East and West) and

bring them in at the next meeting of Classis. iv. Ill; xxxix.

35, 36.

Jonas Michaelins.

1637, Nov. 16th.

The case of Eev. Jonas Michaelins and Peter el ansz. Lantman

shall be bronght anew before the Directors by the Deputies, and

be earnestly rcconmicnded. iv, 113; xxxix. 37.
8

1638

114 Ecclesiastical Records

ADMmiSTEATIOIT OF WILLIAM KIEFT.

1638-1646,

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

("West Indies.)

(1638, April 10.)

It was represented to the Hon. Messrs. Directors (of the West

India Company?) by the East India Company, which

also by ministers in Brazil answered to this with

the fii'st now expected the advice of the Assembly

of the XIX

There were also handed over the Synodical Acta from the
year 1618 to 1638. It was promised to recommend this business
in the most favorable manner to the said Assembly.

In reference to the marriage ordinances, it was answered that
some had been sent before, and more would be sent.

On May 15 the Directors informed Rev. Somerus that the As-
sembly of the XIX had agreed to the suggestion, and requested
two ministers, as well as Siecken-Troosters, and Schoolmasters.
Thereupon it was resolved to recommend as ministers Rev. Jonas
Michaelius, Abraham Middlehovius, and Peter Jansen Lantman;
as Siecken-Troosters, Isaac Abrahams and Peter Wemerius, of
Meppel; as Schoolmaster Philip Cyriacus Nicolaus. These
recommendations were announced on 20th inst. to the Directors
by the Deputies. Answer was given that the decision of the
Company shall be made known to the Brethren through their
Committee, as soon as possible, xxxix. 40.

ResolutiojS" of the States General urging the Colonization

OF Xew Xetherland.

1638, April 26.

Whereas their High Mightinesses learn that a sufficient num-
ber of good and pious clergymen have not been sent to labor at
Brazil in the harvest of the Lord; also that church discipline

OF THE State of iSTEW Yokk. 115

1638

has not been duly introduced, much less practiced there, nor
even order taken for the establishment of schools for the educa-
tion of the rising youth, that they may be brought up in religion
and piety.

Secondly, their High Mightinesses receive additional informa-
tion that the population in Xew Netherland does not only not
increase as it ought, but even that the population which had
been commenced is decreasing, and appears to be neglected by
the West India Company, so that the inhabitants of foreign
princes and potentates, are endeavoring to incorporate ISTew ISTeth-
erland, and if not seasonably attended to, will at once entirely
overrun it.

Therefore their High Mightinesses, after previous delibera-
tion, have resolved and concluded on the first point, hereby to
instruct and authorize their deputies to the Assembly of the
XIX., that in conjunction with the present delegates from the
respective Chambers to said Assembly, they assist in making and
enacting such order, that Divine Worship in Brazil be duly at-
tended to, church ordinance and discipline introduced and prac-
ticed, and the rising youth educated and brought up in the fear
of the Lord and in the Christian Reformed religion.

On the second point, their High Mightinesses have resolved
and concluded, that before the present delegates from the re-
spective Chambers to the aforesaid present Assembly of the XIX.
adjourn, their High Mightinesses' deputies shall assist in making
and enacting such effectual order regarding the population of
ISTew Xetherland, and thereunto in\dte all good inhabitants of
these Netherlands by such inducements and pre-eminences as,
with the approbation of their High Mightinesses, they shall re-
solve to offer to all colonists, so that this State may not be
deprived of the aforesaid ISTew Netherland, by any indirect under-
hand dealing of some inhabitants of this country, and the intru-
sion and invasion of those of foreign princes and potentates. —
Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 106.

116 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

Jonas Michaelius.

1638, June 7th.

The Brethren Deputati ad Ees Indicas reported that thej had

recommended to the Directors of the West India Company, as

ministers, Eev. Jonas Michaelius, Kev. Middlehovius, and Kev.

Peter Jansz. Lantsman. Of these three, Peter Jansz. alone is

accepted, while they give little or no hope to the other two. It

was now resolved to ask for a more definite reply concerning

the first two. iv. 125, xxxix. 41.

1638, July 5th.

Concerning the Revs. Jonas Michaelius* and Middelhouvius,
the Deputati ad Res Indicas reported, that they understood from
the Hon. President of the West India Company that the rejec-
tion of those two individuals had been announced by his Honor,
in the name of the iVssembly, (the Assembly of the XIX, or
Governing Board of the West India Company.) iv. 129;
xxxix. 42.

XoTE ON Rev. Joannes Michielsen in England.

On May 10/20, 1641, the Dutch Church of Yai-mouth, Eng-
land, wrote to the Dutch Church of London, asking for some
pecuniary assistance. They had temporarily secured the services
of Rev. Joannes Michielsen through one of their Elders who had
met him in Zeeland. Of this they were very glad, as they had
long been without a minister, and they were hungering for the
bread of life. This Michielsen had been with them about ten
weeks to their great edification. He was now about to depart
and they ^vished to reward him for his services, — Archives of
the Dutch Church of London, Document 2610.

On Sept. 4/14, 1641, the Dutch Church of Maidstone, wrote
to the Colloque (Synod) of the Dutch Churches in London, that

* This is ttie last reference in the minutes of the Classis of Amsterdam to this
individual. From preceding documents it will be seen that his father's name was
Joannes, and he was probably thus called sometimes himself. He may have had a
son Joannes, if the following documents do not refer to himself. It may possibly
suggest Zeeland as a place to seek for further light on the subsequent history of
the first minister of New York.

OF THE State of ISTew Yokk. 117

they were about to engage as their minister Eev. Joannes
Mijchijlsen, and hence they sent their elder, Danneel Beeckman
to confer with the Colloque on the subject. — Document 2632.

On October 27 (N". S. Xov. 6) 1641, Rev. Joannes Michielsen
wrote to the Dutch Church at London.

He refers to the fact that when traveling some weeks before
to Yarmouth, by way of London, he had promised the Elders
of the Dutch Church of Maidstone that he would come to them,
in case he received no summons from Holland; but he had re^
ceived such a summons, and hence he could not fulfill the con-
ditional engagement. He was about going to Zeeland. — Docu-
ment 2640.

On ^ov. 16/26, 1641, the Dutch Church of Maidstone wrote
to the Dutch Church of London, asking for information as to
what the Colloque of Dutch Churches in London had done. Mr.
Michielsen had written them that he would come to them in two
or three weeks, but two months had now passed. — Document
2644.

ISTOTE GIST THE DuTCIT IN EnGLAND.

Statement of the number of the members of the Eoreign
Churches in England, Eeb. 23 (N. S.) 1634.

French and Walloons of London 1,400

Dutch of London 840

Walloons of Canterbury 900

Dutch of Colchester 700

Walloons of Nonvich 396

Dutch of Normch 363

Dutch of Maidstone 50

Dutch of Sandmch 500

Dutch of Yai-mouth 28

Walloons of Southampton 36

5,213

1638

118 Ecclesiastical Records

Document 2347 in tlie Ecclesiae-Londino-Batavae ArchiTum.
Published 1897, (or Archives of the Dutch Church of London.)

Eteraedus Bogaedus.

Resolution to retain him as Minister of the Gospel.

On Thursday, being the 8th of July. (1638.): In Council presented a certain peti-
tion by Everardus Bogardus, wherein he requests leave to depart for Fatherland, to
defend himself against Lubbert van Dincklage.

We have deemed it necessary to retain the Minister here, so that the Church of
God may increase more and more every day. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 10.

Mortgage on Achtervelt, L. I., given by Andries Hudde to Rev. Everardus Bogardus.

To-day, date underwritten, before me, Cornells van Tienhoven, Secretary of New
Netherland, appeared Andries Hudde, formerly Commissary of store goods here in
New Netherland, who voluntarily acknowledged to be well and truly indebted for
the sum of six hundred Carolus guilders of Holland, arising out of a certain bond
given by the said Hudde to Everardus Bogardus preacher in this place, on the first
of July 1637, which sum the said Hudde promises truly and faithfully to deliver
and pay free of costs and charges and without any gainsay into the hands of said
Bogardus; pledging to that end all his property, as well his buildings and animals
as otherwise, which the deponent may have here in New Netherland and at present
located in the district of Achtervelt, placing him, Bogardus, as he hereby does, in
possession of the effects aforesaid and finally and wholly conveying and transferring
to him the property aforesaid to him, Andries Hudde, belonging and that to the
amount of the above said sum. For all which the deponent pledges his person and
property, real and personal, present and future, without any exception, submitting
to the Provincial Court of Holland, in all good faith is this confirmed by deponent's
usual signature.

Done upon the Island Manhates, this 22nd of July 1638. A. Hudde. — Col. Docs.
N. Y. xiv. 12.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Classical Seal.

1638, Aug. 2nd.

The brethren deputed to devise a Classical Seal, submitted to
the (Classical) Assembly some (designs) drawn on paper by them.
The one which was adopted by a majority of votes contained the
words,

VERITAS ET PAX

-with an open Bible, and an olive branch lying ■^\'ithin it, and shoot-
ing up out of it iv. 132.

OF THE State of JSTew Yokk. 119

List of Buildings erected in ISTew ]^etlierland during Wouter Van
Twiller's Administration, 1633-1638. Among these are the
following references to the Church.

The Church with a house and stable behind it. (On the north
side of Pearl street, [ISTo. 33] between Whitehall and Broad
streets.)

The house of Domine Bogardus. — Col. Docs; ]^. Y. xiv. 16.

Syistod of ISToETH Holland, at Alckmaee.

1638, Aug. 16 et seq.
Article 21.

In regard to Art. 34, touching the introduction of these Eng-
lish ceremonies, (responsive readings), it has been learned that
some very good endeavors have been made about (in opposition
to) these things bj the respective Deputies of the Synod and the
Classis of the Hague. This business, therefore, remains thus far
in statu quo,

1638. Art. 28. (Among reports from the several provincial
Synods, appears this item on p. 14 from Utrecht).
The result is awaited, concerning the care of (or provision for)
the East and West Indian Churches.

1638. Art. 29. Ministerial Changes.

Classis of Alckmaer:
Removed: Eev. Joannes Megapolensis, from Wieringerweert,
Classis of Edam, to Schoorl and Bergen.

1638. Art. 30. (Interesting discussion about the newly trans-
lated Bible, but not properly belonging to New York State
history).

1638

120 Ecclesiastical Records

1638

1638. Art. 33. Gravamina of the Classis of Enkhuysen.

Whether persons who have not Answer: That the maintenance

studied, and who wish to let them- of .the laws of the National Synod,
selves be used as preachers or pro- regarding this article, in so far as
ponents in the employ of the East it is any way possible, shall be ob-
or West India Company, are or are served; and shall not be over-
not exempt from that rule, estab- stepped, except in some great ne-
lished by the National Synod, re- cessity. And that therefore those
garding those persons who have not Classes or Churches, where there
studied: Art. 3, of that Church are Chambers of the East or West
order? India Company, shall proceed with

discretion herein. But first, as re-
gards those persons who, as read-
ers, or sieckentroosters go

to the East or West Indies and come back here again as preach-
ers; or, secondly: as regards such, who, only in case of necessity,
are qualified here, in this land, and are accepted as preachers for
the East and West Indies, and subsequently, also come back here
again, from those lands, as preachers: — on this matter, action
shall be taken at the next Synod, at Haerlem, Anno, 1639. The
Classis, meanwhile, remains charged by Synod to "write a grava-
men, about this matter, to the several Classes.

Proposed Articles for CoLoisrizATioN and Trade of ISTew

Netherland.

1638, Aug. 30-Sept. 2.
On the subject of religion:
2. And inasmuch as it is of the highest importance, that in
the first commencement and settlement of this population, proper
arrangement be made for Divine worship, according to the prac-
tice established by the government of this country; Eeligion shall
be taught and preached there according to the Confession and
formularies of union here publicly accepted in the respective
churches, with which every one shall be satisfied and content;
without, however, it being inferred from this, that any person
shall be hereby in any wise constrained or aggrieved in his con-
science, but every man shall be free to live up to his own in peace
and decorum ; provided he avoid frequenting any forbidden assem-

OF THE State of ISTew Yoek. 121

Llies or conventicles, mncli less collect or get up any such; and
further abstain from all public scandals and offences, whicli the
magistrate is charged to prevent by all fitting reproofs and ad-
monitions, and if necessar}^, to advise the Company, from time
to time, of what may occur there herein, so that confusions and
misunderstandings may be timely obviated and prevented, p. 110.
8. Each householder and inhabitant shall bear such tax and
public charge as shall hereafter be considered proper for the
maintenance of Clergymen, Comforters of the Sick, School-
masters and such like necessary officers; and the Director and
Council there shall be written to touching the form hereof, in
order, on receiving further information hereupon, it be rendered
the least onerous and vexatious, p. 112.

All those who will be inclined to go thither, to inhabit the
country or to trade, shall severally declare under their signa-
tures, that they will voluntarily submit to these regulations, and
to the orders of the Company, and shall allow all questions and
differences there arising to be decided by the ordinary courts of
justice, which shall be established in that country, and freely
suffer there the execution of the sentences and verdicts, without
any further opposition. And shall pay, for passage and board in
the state room, one guilder, in the cabin (hutte), twelve stivers,
and between decks eight stivers, per diem.-^ Col. Docs. N. Y. i.
110-114.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Cornelius Pietersen, Comforter of the Sick.

1639, June 6.
In the same connection, one Cornelius Pietersen, of Edam, but
now living at Amsterdam, offered himself for service in the Vir-
ginias. He was promised the position, iv. 151. xxxix. 48.

1638

1639

122 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

Acts of the Deputies.

Adam Rolands.*

1639, July 18.

Adam Rolands having requested to go to New ISTetherland as
schoolmaster, reader, (Voorleser) and precentor, (Voorsanger),
was accepted, as recommended, upon his good testimonials and the
trial of his gifts, on August 4, 1673; and was sent thither, xx. 1.

Peter van der Linde.

Peter van der Linde asked to go as Siecken-trooster to the
West Indies. Having been heard, he was advised to exercise
himself still further in reading and singing. It was also resolved
to inquire about him in the Haerlem Street across from the " Old
England ", the first house in that street, xx. 9.

Extract from the Acta of the Classis of Brazil.

The churches of Brazil request, first, a larger number of minis-
ters; secondly, Siecken-troosters; thirdly, annually, the Acta of
the Synod of North Holland, xx. 13.

The Difficulties of England and Scotland. •

1639, July 29th.

Thirdly; Inasmuch as it is understood that the four Reformed
cities in South Scotland, have appealed to the Archbishop of
Canterbury in an earnest letter, that he would devise measures
for further removal of the grievances directed against the Church
of Scotland; (it is a question) whether it ought not to be sub-
mitted to the consideration of the Synod (of North Holland) in
conjunction with them of South Zeeland,* that we should address
a communication to this same Archbishop upon the subject, in the
name of our (Netherlands) Chui-ch. iv. 155.

* Can this be tho same Indiridual as Adam Roelantsen, who came over in 1633,
with Rev. Bogardus? In 1639, Adam Roelantsen van Hamelwaard is among the
citizens of Fort Orange, and said to be formerly a schoolmaster in New Amsterdam.
<0'Callaghan, i. 448.) See also Valentine's Manual, 1863, pp. 559-561.

• Perhaps an error for South Scotland.

OF THE State of ISTew Yokk. 123

Baptismal, Register of Church of 'New York.

1639.

The Baptismal List of the Church of New Amsterdam, be-
tween 1639-169Y, was printed in English in Valentine's Man-
ual of the Common Council of New York in 1863, pages Y38-834,
the names being arranged in alphabetical order. The same list,
from 1639 and onward, is printed in its original form, in Dutch
and in chronological order, in the New York Genealogical and
Biographical Record, having been begun in 1874, and is not yet
completed. Ten or twelve pages of names are printed quarterly.
It is interesting to notice how often twins and triplets are re-
ported, and occasionally " vierlings ".

STiSrOD OF l^ORTH HoLLAND, AT HaARLEM.

1639, Aug. 1 et seq.
Article 29.

In regard to proponents, who have not regularly studied, and
who have gone to the East or West Indies, and have returned
again; in what capacity these are to be received in the jSTether-
land Churches — of which mention was made in Art. 33, (1638,)
— shall be treated later under the Gravamina.

Article 33.

There were read and brought in by the Rev. Deputies of our
Synod, the extracts from the Acts of the corresponding Synods,
as they here follow:

From the Acts of Gelderland:

That the affairs of the East and West Indian Churches belong
to the cognizance of the ISTetherland Churches in general.

From the Acts of South Holland:

That these (Churches) will remain under the same care, until
the Assemblv further decides as to the Church affairs of the East

1639

124 Ecclesiastical Eecokds

and West Indian Churches. And that the Churches and Classes,
which now manage these affairs, shall make abstracts from the
letters coming from the East and West Indies about their prin-
cipal items of ecclesiastical business, and shall present these annu-
ally at the session of the several Synods, and shall communicates
them to the correspondents.

Also, if any one knows of any students or preachers, capable
and willing, for the service of the Churches in the East and West
Indies, they are requested to be kind enough to notify the re-
spective Chambers (of the East or West India Company), in
regard to them.

Erom the Acts of Utrecht.

(That the same) "will yet continue their care of the East and
West India Churches; together with those of Gelderland and
Overyssel.

That the Acta of the Synod of Brazil, coming annually, might
be sent to them at the expense of this Synod.

Art. 46.

The Eev. Deputatus, in correspondence, from (the Synod of)
Gelderland, requests, very amicably, in the name of his Synod,
that, in order to a good and close correspondence, there should
be communicated to it by our Synod, an account of the East and
West India Church-affairs. Eor this business, and their Church-
Order, belong to the churches in general. The Gelderland Synod
is of the opinion, and the other corresponding Synods agree
therein, that this entire Netherland Church, as the Mother-
Church of the East and West India Churches, claims equal rights
herein. Therefore is this right (of common supervision) insisted
on every year. But if this communication (overture) be rejected,
the S}Tiod must endeavor to secure this right through their High
Mightinesses, (the States-General).

The Rev. Deputati, in correspondence, from (the Synods of)
Utrecht, Eriesland, and Oveiyssel, join in the preceding request.

OF THE State of jSTew York. 125

Tliey declare that they understand, in general, by this (foreign)
business which has been alluded to, that some (understand it),
that it is the sending over of the Church-Order (as adopted in
the Indies,) with a statement of the difficulties which arise in
connection therewith, etc.; and that others understand it, that it
means (the sending over) of information about the proper per-
sons who may be employed as sieckentroosters or ministers; such
a case recently occurred in the second Gravamen of Haerlem;
so that the information, direction and adjudication of all mat-
ters should be equally attended to by all the corresponding
(S;)Tiods).

It would at least, be agreeable to them, (the above mentioned
Synods) to receive from our Synod (of Korth Holland) as much
inforiy:ation (about the foreign churches) as the Rev. Deputati
of the Synod of South Holland have been in the habit of making
known to us. For it has been resolved on in their Synod of South
Holland, as the custom has also been heretofore, to give " ex-
tracts " (of the affairs in the East and West Indies) accounts of
which are sent over — to the (several Synods), when assembled,
or to their delegates, present, as correspondents (in the Synod of
South Holland.) — (The same is asked from the Synod of North
Holland) — that their (other) Synods may also be kept informed.

Concerning all of this, it was resolved to answer on the part
of our Synod, (of North Holland) that the Rev. Synods will please
to agree among themselves as to the notes of general and par-
ticular matters which should be thus communicated; and that
these things having been made kno^vn to the Classes of our Synod,
resolutions shall be taken thereon, and declared at the next Synod.

Art. 47.

Further: In regard to this same business, it was asked by one
of the Rev. Correspondents:

(1) Whether the Classis of Amsterdam alone is authorized by
the Synod, to conduct the examinations of persons going to the
East or West Indies : and

1639

126 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

(2) Whether it, (the said Classis), ought not to render an ac-
count annually of what has thus been entrusted to it. '

As to the first question: It was answered, 'No; that the Classis
of Amsterdam is not authorized (to conduct examinations) any
more than other Classes w^here there are Chambers (of the Com-
panies).

As to the second question: It is shown by the Rev. Deputies
of our Synod, from the Acta of our previous Synods, that such
has been the practice for a long time; that the persons examined
for the service of the Church in the East or West Indies, as well
as the facts of their return, are reported to this Synod, several
instances of which are adduced; and as yet the Synod is inclined
thereto.

These examples are now adduced by the Rev. Brethren of the
Classis of Amsterdam: That there were sent, as preachers from
their Classis, to the East Indies: Rev. Simon Stuilengius, and
John Claessen Bakes, of Gisp: In the West Indies: Anthony
Claessen van (or of) Lemuyen, (although it has been learned that
he died on the way;) Peter Janssen Lantman, of Abbekerk. It
is also related by the Rev. Deputy from South Holland, that in
their Synod an extract is annually introduced in regard to th©
East and West India affairs, that these may be well attended to;
since in these affairs misunderstandings or mistakes can easily
occur. Our Rev. Deputies also read a letter of thanks from
Utrecht, for what was communicated to them in regard to Brazil.*

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Lubb. van Dincklagen asks to be relieved from his excom-
munication.

1640, March 19th.

Lubbert van Dincklagen, who was formerly Fiscal in the Vir-
ginias, (Virgenys, xxxix. 69,) appeared (in Classis) and complained

♦ The above references to ministers to the West Indies, do not profess to be com-
plete. It is a little remarkable that the reference to Rev. Everardus Bogardus, at
this time in New Netherland, is not referred to. His departure was reported to
Synod of 1632, Art. 38.

OF THE State of Xew Yoke. 127

of botli the ecclesiastical and secular proceedings. He asserted
that, although he was innocent, he was excommunicated by the
machinations of Rev. Everardus Bogaert (Bogardus;) that subse-
quently, such proceedings were instituted against him, that, in
order to escape them, he had been forced to hide himself in the
wilderness, where, for days at a time, he had been compelled to
sustain himself by the grass of the field, through lack of neces-
sary food. He requests that this Bev. (Classical) Assembly would
be pleased to investigate this case, and if they find him innocent,
as he was sure they would, that they would relieve him from the
excommunication.

Inasmuch as this case appears very peculiar to many, it was
resolved to postpone the consideration of the same until the next
meeting. But at the same time, the Deputati ad Causas Indicas,
are hereby directed to draw up a report in a legal paper, showing
all the facts in the case, and at the earliest opportunity, to hand
it over to the Eev. God. (fridus?) Petri Bontius, so that he may,
meantime, wait upon the Assembly of the Nineteen, or upon the
Committee of the States-General, or Mr. Arnhem, provisionally,
in order that his (Van Dincklagen's) affair, be not neglected to
his prejudice, or to the deprivation of his salary, iv. 193-4;
xxxix. 69, 70.

Acts of the Deputies — Foreign Churches.

1640, April 23rd.

The business and other things touching the care of the for-
eign churches, heretofore arranged by Rev. Boutum, are these
following, which shall be brought before Classis simultaneously:

1. Whether it be advisable to observe certain ceremonies in
regard to burying the dead at Ende, D. 'No. 14, and Amboyna,
D. 25?

2. Whether Leoninus de Jonge, minister at in that

city, who does not seem to be disinclined to the service of the
church in the East Indies, shall be further (encouraged?) D. 15.

1640

128 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

3. Whether henceforth all letters to the foreign churches
ought not to be copied, as well as those which are sent to us?

4. "Whether an appointed plan of index (register) in those mat-
ters ought not to be followed.

5. To note that Rev, George Candidius, shows himself inclined
to go at a certain time to the East Indies: D. l^o. 15-28.

6. Item: That the following were sent to the East Indies as
Siecken-Troosters : Edward Bout, John Willemsen, Arent Ros-
senrade, John HejTidricasen, Theo. Maelur, John Ybrecht Croese,
Stephen Heyndricasen, Peter Laurense van Lynseel, Eredeirica
Alcaen (A woman?) Michael Smit, Hejndrices Hartong, Alex-
ander Rossenrade, Isaac Eransen, Gerrit Cornelisse.

And to the West Indies: Abraham Isaacsen, John Jansen Smit,
Edward Ooms, Simon Hulse, Cornelius van der Beek, Clement
Eransen, Cornelius Andriesen.

7. To speak of the extract from Rev. Hewring's written dec-
laration of Martin Gideons " Considerations ", and the necessary
reflections drawn from the letter of the church of Batavia, handed
over in writing to the Directors; D. ISTo. 24: whereof some are
postponed for the later advice of the Classis: 25.

8. Of the of the Siecken-Troosters

about the D. iN'o. 29.

9. Of the manner in which the salaries of the Siecken-Troosters
going to the West Indies are to be provided. D. Xo. 28. Item 31.

10. Of Bartholomeus Coole: that he has handed in satisfactory
testimonials, and is recommended to the West India Company;
D. N"©. 25; is accepted by them, with the promise of fifty guilders
per month for eight or nine montlis; 24; is sent with recommenda-
tion to Utrecht, and ordered to prepare himself with a sermon at
Easter No. 26; and agaiii cited for the Classis in May. Iso. 32.

11. Jonas Aerts, accepted by the Hon. Directors, D. 26 and
32, and sent to Curacoa. The Elder van Sunderdorp was foimd
unfit. D. :N'o. 22, 23.

12. Directions given to make inquiries about the condition of
the church of Moscow, xx. 32, 33.

OF THE State of IsTew York. 129

Lubbertus Dincklagen.

1640, May 7tb.

Lubbertus Dincklagen, formerly Fiscal in ISTew ISTetherland,
appeared (in Classis.) He requested a written memorandum from
this Rev. Assembly, by which, the gentlemen of the justiciary of
this city (Amsterdam) might be informed that the excommuni-
cation passed upon him in New Netherland, should not be pub-
licly posted (published in Indicio) to his injury, or be made to
work to his prejudice. The Assembly resolved to record the
preceding as a resolution, and verbally to request the President
of the schepens, (aldermen or justices,) that the occurrence re-
ferred to should not operate to the withholding of his salary.
This will be done by the clerk, iv. 201; xxxix. 75.

Everardus Hardenbergius,

Everardus Hardenbergius, a candidate in Sacred Theology, pre-
sented his credentials from the Consistory, and the Professors
of Sacred Theology at Leyden; and among the rest, the certifi-
cate of his Preparatory Examination (for licensure). He re-
quested to be accepted as a candidate of this Classis, (of Am-
sterdam.) To this the Classis acceded: iv. 201.

James Dincklagen.

James Dincklagen, formerly sent by the brethren of Zeeland
as a Comforter of the Sick to Guinea, as well as to the island of
Spitzbergen presented his credentials. The Classis was so well
satisfied, that it was resolved, through the Deputies, to suggest
his name to the Directors, iv. 202.

New Charter of Patroonships.

Freedoms and Exemptions granted by the West India Company
to all Patroons, or others, who will plant colonies in New
Netherland.— Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 119-123.
9

1640

130 Ecclesiastical Records

1640, July 19.

In reference to religion, we find the following:
The Company reserves unto itself all large and small tythes,
all waifs, the right of mintage, laj^-ing out highways, erecting
forts, making war and peace, together -^dth all wildernesses, found-
ing of cities, to^^Tis and churches; retaining the supreme author-
ity, sovereignty and supremacy, the interpretation of all ob-
scurity which may arise out of this Grant ; with such understand-
ing, however, that nothing herein contained shall alter or dimin-
ish what has been granted heretofore to the Patroons in regard
to high, middle and low jurisdiction, p. 123.

And no other Religion shall be publicly admitted in ISTew Xeth-
erland except the Reformed, as it is at present preached and
practiced by public authority in the United Netherlands; and
for this purpose the Company shall provide and maintain good
and suitable preachers, schoolmasters and comforters of the sick,
p. 123.

1640, Aug. 21 et seq.

Syxod of Holla:!^^©, at A^nisterdam.

Art. 9. English Ceremonies.
As to Art. 18, relative to the introduction of the English cere-
monies into the English Churches in this land: Inasmuch as
nothing new has come before the Synod in regard to this matter,
it was resolved to pass by the said article, at present, and to omit
it henceforth from the Acta.

1640. Article 30.

Correspondence in the matter of the East and West India

Affairs.

As to Art. 46, Synodi superioris, regarding the closer corre-
spondence about the East and West India Church-affairs, which
was asked for in said article; (1639) The Reverend Correspond-
ents of (the Synod of) Gelderland, South Holland, Utrecht and
Overyssel, read the resolutions adopted at their respective Synods,

OF THE State of New York. 131

and the plans therein proposed. The Rev. Deputatus of Gronin-
gen. as subsequently, also, the Rev. Deputatus of Friesland, stated
that they had received no directions upon these matters, and had
no complaint (doleantie) to make; and no resolutions in regard to
this matter were to be found in the Acta of their Synods. On
this business much discussion now took place, between the Rev.
Synod and the Reverend Brethren correspondents. The corre-
spondents strongly insisted that satisfaction should be given to
them and their Synods in this matter; that they might not be com-
pelled to turn themselves to their respective (Provincial) author-
ities, and to complain (doleren) before them. It was, therefore,
resolved, in accordance with the resolution of the last Synod, at
]Taerlem, by which this Assembly is bound, and in order to satisfy
these brethren so far as possible, that the brethren correspondents
will be pleased to hand in their petitions in writing, even as they
are now spread upon their minutes. These petitions may then
be sent to the several Classes of North Holland, and the resolu-
tions of the same thereon may be learned at the next Synod. This
could have already been done at this time if the Rev. Brethren
had caused their considerations to be placed in the hands of the
Deputies of our Synod.

The petition and considerations are these, as they were ob-
tained from the Acta of the Synod of South Holland, with the
consent of the other Rev. Correspondents present:

The care of the churches in the East and West Indies does not
belong to one particular Church, or Classis, or even to one Synod ;
but it properly belongs to all the Synods of the United Provinces,
or to all the churches in general, of the Netherlands. This is
the opinion as well as the sentiment of almost all the Particular
Synods; for every one to whom the salutary correspondence is
dear, and the mutual peace of the churches desirable, should cer-
tainly have the privilege to promote the same. And this is just,
especially because such opinion and sentiment rest upon incon-
trovertible grounds, aside from the fact that each of the Com-

1640

132 Ecclesiastical Records

panies (the East India and the West India Company) received its
Charter from the Provinces in general, and is sustained by gen-
eral funds (investments from all parts) and is ruled by Directors
from each of all (the Provinces.)

This also is clear beyond all doubt: that it is a work belonging
to the National Synod, or to the churches in general of all these
Provinces, not only to originate but to establish Particular Synods ;
and to this (National) Synod, all individual Churches and Classes
belong. If any particular Church or Classes or even Synod
should assume the care of any other churches or Classes, whether
in the East or in the West Indies, not having been authorized
thereto by the churches in general: — many Provincial Synods
would take great umbrage thereat, even as, for a long time past,
they have manifested their displeasure; and it is to be feared that
such displeasure will increase still more greatly, from time to
time,, and produce troubles which ought to be prevented.

To this may be added yet the follo^ving: That such difficulties
might occur in the East or West Indies, as could and ought not,
to be settled by any particular Churches, Classes, or even Synods,
Also, particular churches (or Classes?) may be neglectful in com-
plying vath the request of the East and West India churches.
It is indeed understood that the said (foreign) churches have here-
tofore complained, and do still complain, that at times no proper
attention has been given to their letters and gravamina; and that
full information is not always furnished them of the ecclesiastical
proceedings in these Provinces.

Now to give once for all (eenelyck) some further explanation
of the matters which ought to come im^der the supeiwision and dis-
position of the churches in general: This, first of all, is regarded
as a point touching all the Synods of these United Provinces, that
they should see well to it that the said churches of the East and
West Indies abide by the purest doctrine, and by the common
church regulations, and not be allowed to introduce anything

OF THE State of !N^ew Yokk, 133

peculiar, without the knowledge and approval of all the churches
in general.

Moreover, that the gravamina of the said churches ought to be
sent over to all the Provincial Synods of this land, in order to
consult and decide about these unitedly.

Further: That the SjTiods in general have a right not only to
the inspection of all the alumni of each of the Companies, but
that these Synods ought also to have an eye to the sending and
appointing of schoolmasters, readers, sieckentroosters, proponents,
and especially ministers, upon whose fitness, so much depends
there, and in so marked a degree.

Finally, that all the Acta and letters of the churches of the
East dnd West Indies ought to be addressed to the churches in
general; even as in turn all the Synods in this land should an-
nually send over general extracts from their Acta to the churches
of the East and West Indies, in so far as these may be of service
to them.

' But in opposition to all this, it may be said, that several re-
quests and attempts have been made, to be allowed* to form, from
all the Provinces, one Ecclesiastical Assembly, which should have
common oversight of all the East and West India churches; but
that this has not been efi^ected, because it was not kno^vn how
the expenses incurred thereby could be met.

It was answered, that such an Assembly would have to be or-
ganized at the charge of each Synod; inasmuch as the said ex-
penses could not be obtained either from the Hon. Messrs. Direct-
ors, or from the High Mighty Messrs. the States, nor from
anywhere else.

It might also be said that matters now and then come up which
would not brook the delay of being treated by correspondence
with the other Provinces: But this serves as a reply: That cer-
tain ecclesiastical bodies can be appointed and authorized to con-
sider such matters as require haste. These should be required
to give an account of what they do or do not do, to their prin-
cipals, with their reasons therefor.

1640

13i Ecclesiastical Records

In order then, that this good cause may have progress and be
facilitated, it is expedient that this project be made known to the
churches of all the other Provinces.

Further : In case of refusal or longer delay, a remedy could
be requested from their High Mightinesses, the States-Greneral :
The Synods interested shall themselves recommend this to their
respective States, mth the request that they would be pleased
to promote this affair at the meeting of their High Mightinesses.

1640. Article 38.

There were introduced and read the extracts from the general
affairs, out of the Acta of the Corresponding Synods, even as
follows :

From the Acta of the Synod of Gelderland of the year 1638.

To request an increase of the salary of ministers' widows,
by the correspondencies among the Synods of these United
provinces, in regard to the East and West Indian churches :
Also the form and manner of that plan of a Marriage Ordi-
nance, (echt ordaninge; or if this be read egt ordaninge, it
might mean " genuine ordination " :) accompanied by the pre-
ceding advice of the respective Classes. This after being fur-
ther examined in the Synod, shall be presented to the Hon.
Court, and the Landschap, (landship; authorities of the com-
munity; magistrates.)

From the Acta of the Synod of South Holland:

A plan to arrange a common supervision over the church
affairs of the East and West Indies, approved by the Synod,
shall be communicated to the Eev. Brethren of Zeeland,* and to
all the Synods of these Provinces. After the said plan has been
approved, it shall be laid before the Assembly of the XVII and
XIX, and sent to the Messrs. the States of each Province.

• There was no Synod In Zeeland.

OF THE State of I^ew York. 135

Synod of North Holland, Oct. 1640.

(Extra session.)

Continuatioii of the Acts of the Particular Synod of North

Holland, reassembled at Amsterdam, on October 30, of the year

1640.

Art. 20. East and West India Church affairs.

Thereupon the said Deputatus made known, in the matter of
the East and West India Church affairs, that many debates
thereon had taken place in the Sjiiod of Utrecht; and that it
was finally resolved to let the matter rest for a year, until the
petitions and considerations, which were presented by the cor-
responding Synods on that subject, and which are embodied in
Article 30 of the Acta of the North Holland Synod, (1640) shall
have been considered in the Classes of North Holland. A de-
cision will then have been reached at the next Synod of that
Province (Utrecht). There is added thereto, that this Synod
(North Holland) will kindly permit it (Synod of Utrecht) to
receive, upon its request, which was also made in writing in a
letter of October 28, — and at its expense, the Acta of the
Synod held (or, to be held — te houden) in Brazil, whenever the
same shall be brought over.

This Synod takes pleasure in the resolution. It replies to
the second, that the request of the Synod of Utrecht, as well
as of the brethren of South Holland, who have made a similar
request, shall be favorably made known to the several Classes;
so that the Acta requested, when they come from Brazil, may
be communicated to them.

Classis of Amsterdam, 1640.

Acts of the Deputies.

Megapoleusis. 1640, Sept. 4th.

It was resolved that at the next meeting discussion shall be had
about what was comjnunicated by Megapolensis. xx. 39.

1640

136 Ecclesiastical Records

John Comelisz, of Barsinger-Horn.

1640, Oct. 15th.

A letter was read from Eev. John Megapolensis minister at
Koedjk, in regard to one John Cornelisse (Backer) of Barsinger
Horn, who is disposed to let himself be employed as Siecken-
trooster or also as minister, in the East Indies. But inasmuch
as he has not studied, this matter is set aside, xx. 41.

Petitions from the other Synods regarding Church affairs in

the Indies.

1640, Dec. 3rd.

Tinder the 30th Article, concerning the affairs of the East
and West Indies, the petitions of the Synods of the other Prov-
inces shall be examined by the Classis, against the next ensuing
Synod of ITorth Holland, iv. 217.

John Comelisz. Backer,
pp. 45, 52, 58, 78, [of Vol. 20.]

1641, Eeb. 26th.

Dr. Rudolphus reported, that Kev. John Comelisz Backer of
Barsinger Horn — ,who had been sent hither by John Megapo-
lensis (Senior) minister at Coedyk, and who had exercised him-
self there two years in the Postamena of the Christian Doc-
trine — has applied in ^vriting, to be sent to the East Indies, as
proponent or Siecken-Trooster, as the Assembly might deter-
mine. It was resolved that said John Cornelisse shall (present?)
himself before us on March 25, proximo, in order then to give

proof of his gifts (and that shall inform) his cousin,

(or Nephew, neef,) John Cornelisse, of this arrangement.
XX. 43.

John Comelisz. Backer.

pp. 43, 52, 58, 78, [of Vol. 20.]

1641, March 25th.
John Cornelisse Backer appeared, in accordance with the reso-
lution of the preceding meeting. He preached a sermon on

OF THE State of New Yoek. 137

Eom. 3 :28, " Therefore we conclude that a man is justified
by faith, without the deeds of the law ". He showed that he
understood tolerably well the justification of sinful man before
God, but when he was further questioned of un-
ending .......... the article used, and answer was given for

ministers should to the East Indies : it was consid-
ered that he would have to present himself before the Classis
again on the first Monday in May, in order to let his gifts be
ecxhibited more fully. Then his case will be acted on according
to the advice of Classis. xx. 45.

(J. C. Backer.)

1641, May 6.

John Cornelisse Backer preached a sermon on John 3:16.
The Assembly decided* that he had indeed some good notions,
(reymselen), but that all his ideas were yet crude and tame;
that he had need to study diligently, and hereafter he might
present himself again before us. xxxix. 84.

John Cornelisz.* Backer. (See) pages BY, 88, 84.

1641, June 3.

John Cornelisz. Backer presented himself in order to preach
a sermon. He was put off, and it was announced to him that
he must come back after two months, prepared to preach a
sermon, xxxix. 85.

Council Minute. Conditions under which a party of English
people may come and settle in ISTew jSTetherland.

[Kev. Francis Doughty. Newtown.]

Thursday, the 6th of June, 1641.

Whereas a good number of respectable English people with their preacher have
petitioned for permission to settle here and live among us, asking that the condi-
tions might be communicated to them, therefore we have resolved to send them the
following terms:

First they will be obliged to take the oath of allegiance to their High Might, the
States and to the West India Company, under whose protection they are to live here.

• The letter z, with a period sometimes after it, in the middle name, stands for
" zoon ", " son ", and means that John Backer was the son of Cornelius Backer.
Sometimes the father's name, with the z attached, is placed after the full name of
the eon.

1641

138 Ecclesiastical Records

a. They shall have free exercise of their religion.

3. As to their political government, if they desire a Magistrate, they may nomi-
nate three or four of their ablest men, from whose number the Governor of New
Netherland will select him, who is to be their Magistrate, having final jurisdiction
In all civil cases up to forty guilders, cases for higher amounts may be appealed to
the Governor and Council of New Netherland and criminal jurisdiction up to (i. e.
not including) capital punishment.

4. They shall not build fortifications without permission.

5. The land shall be allotted to them as their property without expense, they shall
use It for ten years without paying taxes and at the end of these ten years they
shall pay the tenth.

6. They shall have free fishing and hunting and be allowed to trade subject to
the privileges of New Netherland.

7. They will be obliged to use the measures and weights of the Country. — Col.
Docs. N. Y. xlii. 8.

For Patent for Mespath or Newtown, March 28, 1642, see O'Callaghan i. 425, and
Riker's Newtown, 17, 18. Extract: " With power ... to erect a church or
churches; to exercise the Reformed Christian Religion, and Church discipline which
they profess ", etc.

See further references to Rev. Francis Doughty under date of July 28, 1649, etc.

Synod of IToeth Holland, at Hoorn.

1641, Aug. 13 et seq.
Art. 29.

In regard to Art. 30, (1640), referring to the closer cor-
respondence with the Eev. Synods of Gelderland, South Hol-
land, Utrecht and Overyssel, concerning church affairs in the
East and West Indies :

The several Classes have complied with the resolution of the
preceding Synod, and have taken into earnest consideration the
representations and remarks relating to this matter, as contained
in the Acta of the Synod of South Holland, which were laid
before the Synod at Amsterdam with, the consent of the said
Brethren, the Correspondents. Upon this business, the advices
of the respective Classes have l:ieen heard and collected. The
Majority declare that it is altogether unadvisable to make any
change, or to depart from the old footing.

]Srevertheless, in order to satisfy the Eev. Bretliren, the Cor-
respondents, it was agreed, that at their request, (copies of) the

OF THE State of 'Nbw York. 139

ecclesiastical Acta of the said East and West India Cliurches
shall be sent to the respective Corresponding Synods. Much
discussion ensued on this resolution, between the Rev. Synod
and the Rev. Brethren, the Correspondents. The result was,
that finally, their Reverences read before the Rev. Synod a
grievance, (doleantie), wherein they complained of the said reso-
lution, in behalf of their principals. They also declared, in ful-
filment of their commission, that their interested principals
would be compelled to resort to such other means as the con-
stitution of the church, and the nature and the justice of the
case permit. Thereupon, the Rev. Deputies of the other Synods
were warned to guard against anything which they might under-
take, that might be to the prejudice of this Synod.

Art. 49.

2. Whereas it is insufferable, that the limitations of callings
and offices should be confused, (lit. that the boundaries should
overlap), it is asked whether the Rev. Synod ought not to estab-
lish a fixed nile, that no preacher, either now or hereafter, under
any pretext vs'hatever, should intrude himself into the practice of
Medicine ?

Answer: The Rev. Synod (decrees) that the ministers prac-
ticing (medicine), whether now in such practice, or about to
undertake it, shall at once desist from such medical practice.
And in order that the said resolution may suffer no infringement,
the Classes and Churches belonging to this Synod are enjoined
to give serious heed thereto, and to act with all earnestness; to
the end that, once for all, the intent of Synod may be complied
with. In case any of the said ministers refuse to obey the said
resolution, the Classes and Churches shall report such trans-
gressors to the next Synod that further provision may be made
against this practice in the most suitable manner. The Rev.
Deputies of Synod are also charged to be vigilant in this matter.

1641

140 Ecclesiastical Records

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

John Cornelis Backer, of Barsinger-Horn.

pp. 45, 43, 58, 78.

1641, Sept. 3rd.

John Cornelis Backer, in accordance with the order of the Rev.
Classis, preached a sermon before the Assembly on the words of
Christ, Matt. 16 :18, " Thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will
build my Church ". The Assembly found that he had improved;
but admonished him still further diligently to apply himself.
Another text was given him on which to preach a sermon at the
next meeting of Classis, to wit: John 2:3, " And hereby do we
know that we know him, if we keep his commandments ". Of all
this report shall be made at the next Classis. xx. 52, 53.

John Cornelisse Backer.

pages 88, 85, 84.

1641, Sept. 2.

John Cornelisse Backer came before Classis aimounoing that
he had come to preach a sermon, even as the Classis had charged
him; but inasmuch as there was a great deal to be done, his
request was postponed till tomorrow after the (regular Classical)
sermons. Then he might preach his sermon before the Depu-
ties on Indian Churches, xxxix. 87.

1641, Oct. 7.

The Brethren Deputies on Indian Affairs report, that they
have heard the sermon of John Comelisz Backer on Matt. 16:18,
and had been reasonably well satisfied therewith. They had also
assigned him as a text 1 John 3:1, on which he was ready to
preach before the Assembly. It was then resolved that the said
Deputies should hear him on the morrow, and if they obtained
good satisfaction, they should speak Avith him, to see if he could

OF THE State of New York. 141

1641

let himself be employed on Curacoa. Later, a decision could be
reached thereupon in our Assembly, as soon as convenient.
xxxix. 88. '

John Corneliz Backer, pp. 52, 45, 43, 58, 78.

. 1641, Oct. 8th.

John Comelisz Backer, in accordance with the injunction of
Classis, appeared before the Assembly, and preached on the
words of 1 John 2:3. Therewith the Assembly was reasonably
well pleased, and it was deemed advisable to advance him to the
ministry on the Island of Curacoa, in place of Jonas Aertz. In
regard to this the Directors of the West India Company shall be
spoken to. xx. 58.

John Cornelissen Backer.

1641, Nov. 1.

A sermon by John Comelisse Backer on Rom. 3 :1, was
listened to. Therewith the Assembly was so greatly pleased,
that it was resolved to proceed with his examination. This shall
take place this afternoon to be conducted by the Rev. President
Witten"\\Tongel. xxxix. 91.

Two Ministers in the Classis of Alkmaar, not disinclined to sail
to the East or West Indies.

1641, Nov. 19th.

John Comelis Backer informed the Assembly that he had
learned on good authority that there were certain ministers in
the Classis of Alkmaar, who were not adverse to making the
journey to the East or West Indies, in this same service, if they
could obtain good and favorable conditions. These were the
minister at Schorel, and the minister at Koedyk.* In regard to
them, John Corneliz Backer was told that, in the name of this
Assembly, he should request these two ministers to come down

• One of these ministers was John Megapolensls.

1641

142 Ecclesiastical Records

to this Classis in order that fuller conference might be had with
them about this matter. The Classis promised to do everything
that might sei-^-e towards their advancement, xx. 62, 63.

Acta Deputatorum ad res Exteras.

i 1641, Nov. 19th.

Rev. Peter Wittenwrongel in the chair.

A communication, with some accompanying documents, was
read, which had been sent to the Classis by the elders and deacons
in New Netherland, (at ISTew Amsterdam.) Therein they report
and justify the procedure of the church against Lubbert Van
Dincklagen, the treasurer (of the Colony.) They sent to the
Classis two commendatory testimonials concerning their pastor,
one from the Consistory, and another from the Director. They
desire and request that the good correspondence be maintained
with them more promptly than had been the case for a long time
past. They report the good condition and daily increase of their
congregation. The Americans (Indians) come not yet to the
right knowledge of God; but the negroes, living among the col-
onists, come nearer thereto, and give better hope. They request
earnestly and perseveringly that the Rev. Classis would take
their case to heart, and support them in their action against Lub-
bert Van Dincklagen, in order to maintain the honor of their
worthy pastor, the Rev. Edward Bogardus. xx. 64.

John Cornelisz. Backer.

1641, Dec. 2.

The Rev. President questioned John Comelisse Backer. He
was examined in the fundamentals of the Christian Religion.
His answers so pleased the Rev. Brethren that they will present
him, at the proper time, to the Messrs. Directors of the West
India Company, to be sent as minister to Curacoa. Further-
more, he shall be ordained to the ministry by the laying on of
hands, against the time that the ships shall depart for the said
place, xxxix. 92.

OF THE State of jSTew York. 143

1642, Feb. 7.

Agreement between Adam Roelantsen of Dockum, and John
Teunison, Carpenter, respecting the building of a house for
said Eoelantsen.

John Teunison agrees to build the same of the following dimen-
sions: In length thirty feet, in width eighteen feet, in height
eight feet; the beams to be hewni at four sides, the house to be
well and tight clapboarded, and roofed with substantial reeden
thatch; the floors tight and made of clapboard; two doors, one
entry, a pantry, a bedstead, a staircase to go to the garret; the
upper part of the chimneys to be of wood; one mantelpiece; the
entry to be three feet wide, with a partition. The house to be
ready by 1st of May next. All for the sum of three hundred
and fifty guilders (one hundred and forty dollars,) to be paid,
by Roelantsen, one half when the timber is on the ground and
the other half when the building is finished. — Dunshee, 17.

CONTEACT BETWEEN PaTEOON VaN ReNSSELAEE AND ReV. JoHN

Megapolensis.

1642, March 6th.

Conditions freely assented to and accepted by Kiliaen Van
Rensselaer, in his quality as Patroon of his Colony named Rens-
selaerswyck, and by Dr. Johannes Megapolensis, minister of the
Holy Gospel to the congregation at Schoorel and Berge, under
the venerable Classis of Alkmaar, in the presence of Mr. Adam
Bessels, copartner in the said Colony, and the Rev. Jacobus Lau-
rentius and Petrus Wittenwi'ongel, both ministers of Amsterdam,
as preacher to administer and promote divine service in the
aforesaid Colony for the term of six successive years, according
to previous dismission from his said Classis.

First, Dr. Johannes Megapolensis, thirty nine years old, with
his wife, Machtelt Willemsen, aged forty two years, besides his
children, Hellegond, Dirrick, Jan, and Samuel, aged fourteen,
twelve, ten and eight years, shall furnish and provide themselves

1642

144 Ecclesiastical Records

as well with clothing, furniture, and other utensils, and these
put up in such small and compact parcels, as can be properly-
stowed away in the ship.

In the meantime, as his six years and his salary shall commence
so soon as he shall set foot in the aforesaid Colony, the Patroon,
in addition to free board for them all in the ship, until they
reach the Colony, shall over and above make him a present, for
future service, at once, of three hundred guilders, without
deduction.

And in case it happen, which the Lord God in His mercy for-
bid, that he and his family come to fall in the hands of the Dun-
kirkers, the Patroon promises to use all diligence to procure his
ransom; to forward him afterwards on his voyage, according as
occasion shall again offer, and to cause to be paid him, during his
'detention, for the support of himself and his family, forty
guilders per month; and also so much here monthly, after he
shall have received his liberty and orders, and shall have con-
veyed him hither, until he embarks.

On his arrival, by God's help, in the Colony, the Patroon shall
cause to be shown to him where he and his shall lodge at first,
until a fit dwelling shall be erected for him. So soon as he shall
reach the Colony, his hereafter-mentioned salary shall commence,
and his board and wages cease, and the Patroon be discharged
therefrom.

Which salary, in order that he and his family shall be able
honorably to maintain themselves, and not be necessitated to
have resource to any other means, whetlier tilling the land, com-
merce, rearing of cattle, or such like; but by the diligent per-
formance of his duties for the edifying improvement of the inhab-
itants and the Indians, without being indebted to any person,
which he also acknowledges to observe; wherefore the Patroon
promises to cause to be paid to him for the first three years
salary, meat, drink, and whatever else he may claim in that
regard, one thousand or ten hundred guilders yearly, one half

OF THE State of ISTew York, 145

here in this country, the remaining half in proper account there,
according as he requires it, in provisions, clothing, and such like,
at the ordinary and accustomed prices, and a further yearly addi-
tion of thirty schepels of wheat — ■ I say thirty schepels — and
two firkins of butter, or, in place thereof, sixty guilders in
money's worth. Should the Patroon be satisfied with his ser-
vice, he shall give him yearly, the three following years, an in-
crease of two hundred guilders.

In case of decease within the aforesaid six years, at which time
the salary shall cease, the Patroon shall pay to his widow, besides
the supplement of the half year in which he shall have entered,
a yearly sum of one hundred guilders, until the expiration of the
aforesaid six years. He shall, besides, befriend and serve the
Patroon, in all things wherein he can do so without interfering
with or impeding his duties. The aforesaid Johannes Mega-
polensis having also promised to comport himself in the said
Colony as a loyal subject and inhabitant thereof, the above named
Patroon, on his side, also promises for him and his successors, to
perform and execute what is herein-before set forth, and to fur-
nish him with due acte and commission sealed with the seal of
the Patroon and the Colony: and in acknowledgment of the
truth, without fraud, guile, or deceit, has this writing been signed
by both sides. In Amsterdam, this 6th of March, 1642.

Kiliaen Van Rensselaer.

Johannes Megapolensis.

See also O'Callaghan's New Netherland, i. 449; Munsell's
Annals of Albany, i. 21, 92.

Van Rensselaer.

1642, March l7th.

Rev. Peter Wittenwrongel announced to the (Classical) Assem-
bly, that Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, liaAang a colony in New Nether-
land, made request of us to aid him in sending a minister thereto;

that such a minister had been suggested to him, with excellent
10

1642

146 Ecclesiastical Kecoeds

testimonials, by the name of John Megapolensis, Jr., at present
settled in the church of Schoorel, in the Classis of Alkmaar.
The Deputies on Indian Affairs ask, that the brethren of the
Classis would lend their aid in these affairs. Everything was
confirmed bv the Classis, and the further direction and execu-
tion of the call, both with respect to the church and the Classis of
Alkmaar, were commended to the Deputies, iv. 249.

Acts of the Deputies.

1642, March 18th.

Rev. Peter Wittenwrongel in the Chair.

Her. John Megapolensis, pastor at Schorel, by request,
appeared in the meeting. He was asked if his Reverence were
inclined to go as preacher to Rensselaerswyck in ISTew IS^ether-
land. He responded that he had a great desire to do so. There-
upon the meeting requested Mr. Rentselaer, (who, in connection
with a few partners, is engaged in commerce at the above men-
tioned-place), to please to come into the meeting, and confer
with the said Rev. Mr. Megapolensis, and make arrangements
about his salary. Having come to a good understanding con-
cerning this, and Mr. Rentselaer having accepted him (Mega-
polensis) in the above-mentioned capacity, the meeting resolved
to expedite his dismissal from his church and Classis. Revs. Lau-
rentius and Britmannus were appointed a committee to effect
this. It was further resolved that the next meeting be held
two weeks from date, viz. April 1st. xx. 70.

1642, March 22nd.
Call of Rev. Johannes Megapolensis.

"VThereas, by the state of the navigation in East and West
Indies, a door is opened through the special providence of God,
also in 'New N'etherland for the preaching of the Gospel of Jesus
Christ for the salvation of men, as good fruits have been already
witnessed there through God's mercy; and whereas the Brethren
of the Classis of Amsterdam have been notified that Mr. Kiliaen

OF THE State of jSTew York. 147

van Rensselaer hath within the said limits in the JSTorth Eiver
as Patroon, or Lord, founded a Colony, named Rensselaerswyck,
and would fain have the same provided with a good, honest, and
pure preacher; therefore they have observed and fixed their eyes
on the Reverend, Pious and TVell Learned Dr. Johannes Mega-
polensis, Junior, a faithful servant of the Gospel of the Lord,
in the congregation of Schorel and Berg, under the Classis of
Alkmaar, whom ye have also called, after they had spoken vnth.
the said Lord, Mr. Kiliaen van Rensselaer, in the same manner
as they, with his Honor's approbation, do hereby call him to be
sent to ISTew Ketherlaiid, there to preach God's Word in the
said Colony, to administer the Holy Sacraments of Baptism and
the Lord's Supper; to set an example to the congregation, in a
christian-like manner, by public precept; to ordain elders and
deacons according to the form of the holy Apostle Paul, 1 Tim.
iii., v. 1; moreover to keep and govern, with the advice and
assistance of the same, God's congregation in good discipline and
order, all according to God's Holy Word, and in conformity with
the government, confession, and catechism of the itTetherland
Churches and the Synodal Acts of Dordrecht, subscribed by him,
to this end, with his own hand, and promised in the presence of
God, at his ordination, requesting hereby all and every who shall
see and read these, to respect our worthy brother as a la'wfully
called minister, and him to esteem by reason of his office, so
that he may perform the duty of the Gospel to the advancement
of God's Holy ISTame and the conversion of many poor blind men.
May the Almighty God, who hath called him to this ministry,
and instilled this good zeal in his heart, to proclaim Christ to
christians and heathens in such distant lands, strengthen liim,
more and more, in this his undertaking; enrich him with all sorts
of spiritual gifts ; and bless overflowingly his faithful labors : and
when the Chief Shepherd, Christ Jesus, shall appear, present liim
with the imperishable Crown of Eternal Glory. Amen.

1642

148 Ecclesiastical Records

Thus given in our Classical Assembly at Amsterdam, this 22nd
day of March, 1642. Signed in the name and on behalf of the

whole body,

Wilhelmus Somenis, Looo Praesidis,

Zloahar Swalmins, Scriba Classis,

Jonas Abeels, as Elder.

Examined and approved by the Directors of the West India
Company, Chamber of Amsterdam, 6th June, 1642.

(Signed) Charles Looten,

Elias De Raet.

See also O'Callaghan's -Nev7 Is^etherland, i. 449; Mimsell's An-
nals of Albany, i. 21, 92.

1642, April 1st.

Eev. Peter Wittenwrongel in the Chair.
The minutes of the last meeting were examined, and also the
minutes of the Classis, in reference to Indian Affairs, to see if
there was anything therein needing consideration, or which ought
to be brought before the Classis. It was foimd that the Com-
mittee ad causas were charged to inquire concerning the Spanish
translation of the Dutch Confession of Paith. THs had been
entrusted to their excellencies, the Directors of the West India
Company, and the above Committee were directed to endeavor to
obtain it from them. Eev. Mr. Wittenwrongel promised to do
this. It was also thought proper to present or read in the next
meeting of the Classis, extracts from the letter and documents of
the K'ew J^etherland Consistory concerning the case of Lubbei-t
Van Dincklagen, that that business may be discussed in a proper
manner. It was also resolved, as certain vessels were soon to sail,
to write letters to the East and West Indies, as well as to the
Consistory of New Netherland with special reference to the case
of Lubbert Van Dincklagen. xx. 71.

OF THE State of I^ew York. 149

A COMMTJNICATION FROM NeW KeTHERLAND ABOUT LuBBERTUS

Van Dincklagen.

1642, April 7tli.

The Rev. Meui'siiis stated that a communication had been re-
ceived from N^ew iJ^etherland, (New Amsterdam,) coming from
the Consistory there, and signed "by the elders and deacons. They
request that correspondence may he maintained with them by let-
ters. They state that they had sent over the proceedings against
Lnbbert Dincklagen, and were very much surprised that hitherto
no reply had been received. They request that one of (the state-
ments?) of Everardiis Bogardns may be placed over against Lnb-
bert Dincklagen. They hand in for this purpose a certificate (at-
test) and extract from his Church Book, being a vindication of
the aforesaid Everardus Bogardus. This having been discussed,
after (the reading?) of the aforesaid missive and certificate, it was
resolved to postpone the matter until after further examination
of the Acta of the aforesaid Consistory, (of New Amsterdam)
which must be sent over; and until after Dincklagen himself
should have been heard. Meanwhile the Rev. Brethren ad causas
Tndicas shall inform that church of our action by writing. They
shall also investigate the whole matter ab ovo, so as to be able
properly to inform the Classis in regard to everything, iv. 252;

xxxix. 102.

1642, April 8th.

Rev. Matthias Meursius in the Chair.

Revs. James Laurentius and Henry Britmannus report, that
in accordance with their cojnmission they went before the Con-
sistory at Schorel, and before the Rev. Classis of Alkmaer, and
that they had requested and obtained the dismissal of Rev. John
Megapolensis, pastor at Schorel. He will at the earliest oppor-
tunity depart for ISTew N'etherland to enter upon his charge at
the place called Rentselaerwyck. xx. 72.

1642

150 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

The Classis of Amsterdam to the Consistory of K'ew Amsterdam,

April 22, 1642.

Reverend, Pious, Wise, Discreet and much Beloved Brethren,

Rev. (Bogardus) and Rev of the Church of Christ

at Manhattan in New Netherland:

We duly received your esteemed letter which you sent us
in September of last year (1641) with all the accompanying
papers. We learned therefrom not only the good condition of the
Church of Christ among you, and your hopes for the conversion
of the Americans (the Indians) and the Negroes; but we also
learned of your entire condition, and your acts and procedures
against Lubbert van Dinclagen, formerly fiscal (Treasurer) there.
Regarding the first items, we heartily rejoice, and thank the good
God for the great grace and blessing which He bestows upon the
proclamation of his saving Word in those strange and far distant
lands, and that He vouchsafes a reasonable degree of prosperity
to his church there; also that good hopes exist for the conversion
of the jSTegroes, (jSTegrita-men). W^e beseech him as Lord of Lords
(or Sovereig-n) of the most hardened, that it may please him to
open also the door among the Americans (the Indians), so that
the ministration of his Holy Word may have free course among
them; and that those blind heathen may be delivered from the
thick darknesses of their idolatries and the service of the devil,
and brought to the knowledge and fear of the true God and
Saviour, to the glory of His name and their own salvation.

As regards the second item, touching the affair of Lubbert van
Dincklagen : we have diligently perused your papers, and seriously
noted the extract from your church-book in relation to his affairs;
and also the laudatory testimony given to your minister, the Rev.
Edwardus Bogardus. We should have immediately summoned
the said Lubbert van Dincklagen before our Classical Assembly,
to lay all this before him, and to hear what h6 had to say about it;

OF THE State of New Yoke. 151

1642

but we were informed that he was not living in the city, (of Am-
sterdam), but had some time ago removed his residence to

It was therefore resolved by us to write to him, and to act fur-
ther in the premises as might seem proper. In the meantime we,
here, shall not fail to defend the honor of a minister, our honored
colleague, Eev. E. Bogardus; and as occasion serves, we shall
write further what shall be done by us in this matter.

There is also to be sent to New ISTetherland, notwithstanding a
verbal protest, to wit, to Rensselaerswyck, a certain minister of
the name of John Megapolensis, who has been in the ministry in
this country (Holland) for a long time already, (since 1634),

with whom Eev. Bogardus and his entire Consistory

are admonished and exhorted to hold correspondence and com-
munion, so far at least as the circumstances and the place permit;
and thus with united hands to proclaim the Word of the Lord
not only among our own nationality, but also among the blind
heathen in America. Thus will we all heartily rejoice that the
kingdom of Christ Jesus is more widely extended there. May the
Lord bless the labors of both these ministers abundantly,
strengthen them by the power of the Holy Ghost, and grant that
they may faithfully use their talents to the magnifying of His
Holy Name, to the extension of the kingdom of our Saviour Christ,
and to the conversion and salvation of men.

Heremth concluding, Reverend, Pious, Wise, Discreet, and
Much Beloved Brethren, we commend you all unitedly, and at
the same time the Rev. Domine Bogardus, our colleague and fel-
low-laborer in the work of the Lord, to God and the Word of His
Grace. May He strengthen you in your respective offices and in-
vigorate you with long continued health, to the glory of his Name,
and to your own salvation. Amen. Dated at Amsterdam, April
22, 1642.

By order and in the name of the Rev. Brethren of the Classis
of Amsterdam, the Committee thereof, etc. xxxix. 103, 104.

1642

152 Ecclesiastical Records

[Names not given in the Record Book.]

1642, April 24th.
Eer. James Lanrentius in the Chair.

As the vessels for the East and West Indies, and for New
Netherland, lay ready for sailing, two letters were written, re-
vised, signed, and despatched: one to the East Indies, and one
to New Netherland. But the letter for the East Indies was de-
livered a little too late; and it was deemed unnecessary at this
time to write to the West Indies, as during the previous winter
there had been sent thither full information concerning all the
affairs, xx. 72.

Case of Everardus Bogardus and Lubbertus Dincklagen.

1642, May 5th.

Regarding the case of Rev. Everardus Bogardus versus Lub-
bert Dincklagen, the Rev. Deputati ad causas Indicas stated that
they have already written to the church of New Netherland (New
Amsterdam,) and that they have also investigated the whole mat-
ter, so as to be able to instruct the Classis in accordance with the
foregoing resolution, (of April 7, 1642.) But the case is post-
poned until the arrival of the aforesaid Dincklagen, with whom
the Rev. Deputies will then confer, after which they will make
their report, iv. 253-4; xxxix. 104.

Johannes Megapolensis.

1642, June 2nd.

Concerning the case of John Megapolensis, the Deputed
Brethren report, that in compliance with their desire, they had
proposed to and urged upon the Classis of Alkmaar, the dismissal
of the aforesaid Megapolensis, ancl had also secured the same,
iv. 258; xxxix. 107.

OF THE State of New Yoek. 153

Memorandum for Dominie Johannes Megapolensls, this 3rd June, 1642, proceeding
to the Colonle by the ship De Houttuyn, skipper Adrlaen Dlrcksen Houttuyn.

From the Rensselaerswyck MSS. — His Reverence -will be pleased to take charge
of my people and property, which are at present conveyed over In God's name, In
the ship De Houttuyn. The persons going over will be these: —

Do. Johannes Megapolensls, Jeurlach Bestvaell, van Lr.ydendorp,

Matheld Willemsen, his wife, Claes Jansen, van TVaalwyck,
Hellegond, Dirrick, John, and N. Brabant,

Samuel, his children, Paulus Jansen, van Geertruydenburg, do.

Abraham Staes, surgeon, Hans Vos van Baden.

his servant, Juriaen van Sleswyck, N. Brabant,

Evert Pels, beer-brewer, Hendrlck Albertsen van Wuden,

his wife, 29 years old,

his man, Gertrude Dries, his wife ~j
Cornells Lamberssen, van Doom, 23 years old, I From

Utrecht, farm servant, Hendrlck, Dries, her bro | Driesburg.
Jochim Kettelhuer, van Cremyn, ther, 21 years, J

Johan Helms, van Barltt, N. Brabant,
Johan Carsterssen, van Barltt,

N. Brabant,

It Is to be remembered that this Hendrlck Albertz, for his three; Abraham Staes,
for his two; Evert Pels, for his three, must pay the skipper Adrlaen Dlrcksen for
their board, in the same manner as all the other freemen. But the farm servants
are to come at my expense.

N. B. The book-keeper in the colonle shall usually observe that the expense of
the board of the freemen must be charged to their account, as Director Kleft some-
times places it under one head, altogether to the charge of the Patroon.

He shall take care that these persons embarked on shipboard, and having arrived,
by God's help, at the Manhattans, where the Noble Director Kleft resides, obtain
that they, and my goods, be forwarded to the colonle by the first opportunity, and
provided with food at my expense, and according to my cordial salutations to the
Honorable Director Kleft, which shall be followed.

On the arrival of these persons at the colonle, they shall present themselves first
to the Commissary Arendt van Curler, to be by him registered, and allotted their
work, by and with the advice of the officer Adrlaen van der Donck, who, if eo be
he should have occasion for the services of the two Bredaeise young men, may keep
them by him. Otherwise they are there on my account for closer examination.

Herry Albertzen, who hath equally come home before his time, has allowed me
one guilder per hide for recognition, according to contract made with him. Then
concerning the amount of tobacco over the tenths, (which he hath consented to,) I
have not been able to agree with him. He has been treating with me for the place
of ferry-man, fixing his dwelling by the Beavers Creek, in order to convey the
people to the church neighborhood, (Kerckebuyrte.) and back again from thence.
As the church, the minister's house, that of the officer, and, moreover, of all the
trades-people, (ambachten,) must henceforward be established there, as Abraham
Staes and Evert Pels, the brewer, have undertaken, I am entirely willing, and con-
sent that, with the exception of the farmers and tobacco-planters, who must reside

1642

154 Ecclesiastical Records

at their farms and plantations, no other tradesman, henceforward and after the
expiration of their service, shall establish themselves elsewhere than in the church
vicinage, in the order and according to the plan of building sent herewith; for every
one residing where he thinks fit, separated far from others, would be, uafortu-
nately, in danger of their lives, in the same manner as sorrowful experience has
taught, around the Manhattans, of all which the commissary, Arendt van Curler,
shall give notice to all persons, being called together, so that they may regulate
themselves accordingly. — O'Callaghan's History of New Netherland, Vol. i, 451, 452.

June 6, 1642.

Agreement between Kiliaen van Rensselaer and the Directors
of the West India Company, relative to the approval of the call of
Rev. Mr. Megapolensis.

Whereas, differences have occurred between the Directors of
the Amsterdam Chamber of the West India Company and Eliliaen.
van Rensselaer, Patroon of his Colony named Rensselaerswyck,
in New Netherland, as to the approval of the Acte of Commis-
sion granted by the Classis of Amsterdam to Domine Joannes
Megapolensis to be invested with the office of preacher in the
aforesaid Colony of Rensselaerswyck in ISTew Netherland, and as
the ship wherein the said minister must depart lies ready to sail,
60 that periculmn in mora est of injuring the said voyage —
Therefore, the aforesaid Kiliaen van Rensselaer consents that the
said Directors shall affix their approbation to the aforesaid Acte
of Commission, under express protest that he, Rensselaer, shall
not be prejudiced in his right, but the parties on either side shall
remain unprejudiced in their present rights. In witness whereof,
the Directors and Kiliaen van Rensselaer have granted and signed
this present Acte at Amsterdam, this 6th June, XVI hundred
two and forty.

Signed respectively,

Charles Looten,
Elias De Raet.

See also O'Callaghan's New Netherland, i. 449; Munsell's An-
nals of Albany, i. 21, 92.

OF THE State of I^ew York. 155

1642

Catalogue of Books which are sent for the Library In Rensselaerswyck, to be for-
warded there.

IN folio.

1. Biblia Graeca,

2. Concordantia Bibliorum,

3. Opera Calvini, 8 torn.

4. Opera Ursinii,

5. Polyanthea Langii et Gruteri: torn 2.

6. Titus Llvius,

7. Cursus Philosoph. Roderlci de Arriag,

8. Theatrum Terrae Sanctae Christiani

Andrichonii.

IN QUARTO.

1. Adrianl Metii Primum Mobile,

2. Adrianl Metii Arithmet.,

3. Theologia Naturalis Alstedii,

4. Manuale Conciouum, Did. Alrares,

5. Animadversiones in 4 Evang. Lud: de

Dieu,

6. Thesaurus OBconomiae, J. Casi,

7. Petri Rami Arithm. et Geom.,

8. Distinct. Philos. et Theolog. Casta-

ner,

9. Theologia didactica Alstedii.

REMARKS ON THE ABOVE, BY DR. T. BOMEYN BECK.

Folio.
No remarks necessary on 1, 2, and 3.

4. Urslnius, (probably Zachary.) the friend of Melancthon and of Sir Philip Sidney.
Horn in Silesia, in 1534; died, 1583. (Chalmers' General Biographical Dictionary.)

5. John Gruter, (in Latin, Janus Gruterus,) born at Antwerp, 1560; died, 1627. He
edited the Polyanthea of Langius. (Biographic Universelle.)

7. Arriaga, (Roderic de.) A learned Jesuit, native of Castile. Born, 1592; died,
1667. Chancellor of the University of Prague; published, in 1632, a Course of
Philosophy, In one volume. Folio. (Ibid.)

8. Christian, Andrichonius, a geographer of considerable reputation, born at Delft,
In Holland, 1533; died, 1585. The work for which he is best known is Terrae
Sanctae Theatrum et Biblicarum Historiarum, or History of the Holy Laud, illus-
trated by maps. It passed through a number of editions in folio, from 1590 to
1682. (Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica.)

Quarto.

1, 2. Adrian Metius, an able Dutch Geometrician, born at Alkmar, in 1571; died,
1635. His "Treatise on Arithmetic" was published in 1611, in quarto. " I'rimum
Mobile astronomice, sciographice, Geometrice, et hydrographice novi methodo expli-
catum." Amsterdam: Quarto: 1631. (Biographic Universelle.)

3, 9. Alstedius. born at Herborn, county of Nassau, where he became Professor
of Philosophy and Theology. He then went as professor to Weissenburg, in Tran-
sylvania, where he died in 1638. He was a member of the Synod of Dort. A
most indefatigable writer. (Ibid.) Alstedius " Theologia Naturalis " was published

1649

156 Ecclesiastical Records

in 1615 and In 1662 In quarto. (Biographical Dictionary of the Society for the dif-
fusion of Useful Knowledge, vol. 2.)

4. Dldacns (Diego) Alvarez. There vrere two of this name. One a Spanish Do-
minican, Archbishop of Trasii, died in 1635; the other a Spanish Jesuit, died 1617.
I cannot find the above work among the list of their writings.

5. Lewis de Dieu; Protestant Professor in the Walloon College at Flushing. Born,
1590; died, 1642. His work entitled "Animadversiones in quatuor Evangelia," was
published at Leyden, in quarto, in 1631. (Biog. Universelle.)

6. Case, John, M. D., an eminent Physician and Philosopher of Oxford; born at
Woodstock, Bng. ; died, 1600. He published a number of works, among which is
Thesaurus CEconomiae, seu Commentarius in CT>onomia Aristotelis; Oxon. 1597,
1598; Hanov. 1598; 8vo. There is a monument to his memory in St. John's College.
(Watt; also Biog. Diet.)

7. Peter Ramus, a celebrated French Mathematician, born 1515; died, 1572. Pub-
lished "Arithmetica, Graeca et Latina," at Paris, quarto, 1555; " Geometria," at
Basle, quarto, 1596. (Watt.)

8. Henry Lewis Castaneus published a work entitled " Celebriorum distinctionum
tum Philosophicorum et Theologicorum Synopsis." (Watt.) — O'Callaghan's History
of New Netherland, Vol. i. 454, 455.

Classis OF Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

John Cornelisz Backer.
43, 45, 52, 58.

1642, July 21st.

Whereas John Cornelisz Backer has earnestly requested cer-
tain of the Brethren, Deputies ad Causas, that his case should
be pushed with all seriousness with the Messrs. Directors of the
"West India Company, that he may sail as minister to Curacoa
at the earliest opportunity, as was promised him by the Classis:
therefore it was resolved, that to-morrow the Messrs. Directors
shall be addressed about this matter, in order to advance it as
much as possible, xx. 78.

Arrival of Megapolensis.

The Rev. Johannes Megapolensls, " the pious and well-learned minister of th?
congregation of Schoorei and Berge," under the Classis of Alkmaer, was duly called
to disseminate the light of the gospel among the Christians and heathen in the
colonic, and regularly commissioned " to preach God's Word there; to administer
the holy sacraments of baptism and the Lord's Supper; to set an example. In a
Chrlstlan-llke manner, by public precept; to ordain elders and deacons; to keep
and govern, by and with the advice and assistance of the same, God's congregation
In good discipline and order, all according to God's Holy Word, and in conformity

OF THE State of ISTew York. 157

with the government, confession, and catechism of the Netherland churches, and
the synodal acts of Dordrecht."*

The allowance guaranteed to this clergyman was free passage on board for him-
self, his wife and four children, who accompanied him to New Netherland; an
outfit of three hundred guilders, or one hundred and twenty dollars, and an annual
stipend, for the first three years, of eleven hundred guilders, (four hundred and
forty dollars,) thirty schepels of wheat and two firkins of butter, or In place
thereof, should he prefer it, sixty guilders in cash. This salary was to be further
Increased by an addition of two hundred guilders a year, for the second term of
three years, if the Patroon were satisfied with his services. A pension of one hun-
dred guilders per annum was secured to his wife, in case of his demise within the
above term, for and during whatever time might remain unexpired of his engage
ment.

These preliminaries having been thus arranged, an obstacle was unexpectedly
thrown in the way of Mr. Megapolensis' departure by the Directors of the West
India Company, who claimed the exclusive right to approve of his appointment. To
this, however, the feudal lord of Rensselaerswyck demurred; and it was not until
after a lapse of several months that a compromise was agreed to, the Directors
approving of the appointment under protest on the part of Mr. Van Rensselaer,
saving his right as Patroon.

The Rev. Mr. Megapolensis and family embarked, together with Abraham Staes,
surgeon. Evert Pels, a brewer, and a number of other freemen, farmers, and farm-
servants, shortly after this, in the ship the Houttuyn, or Woodyard, which was
freighted with a quantity of goods for the Colonie — between two and three hun
dred bushels of malt for Mr. Pels — four thousand tiles, and thirty thousand stone
for building — besides some vines and madder, the cultivation of which the Patroon
was desirous of introducing among his people. On the arrival of Mr. Megapolensis
at Rensselaerwyck, a contract was concluded for the erection of a dwelling for
himself and family, but the contractor having failed in fulfilling his agreement, a
house belonging to Maryn Adriaensen, constructed entirely of oak, was subsequently
purchased for h\h use, for the sum of three hundred guilders, or one hundred and
twenty dollars.

A church, thirty-four feet long, and nineteen feet wide — the first In this quarter
— was erected in the course of the following year. Though humble In its dimen-
sions, when compared with modern edifices of a similar sacred character, it was
considered, at this time, sutficiently ample for the accommodation of the faithful,
" for the next three or four years, after which it might be converted into a school-
house, or a dwelling for the sexton." A pulpit, ornamented with a canopy, was
Boon added for the preacher, as well as pews for the magistrates and for the dea-
cons, and " nine benches " for the congregation. The expense of all this neces-
sary furniture amounted to the sum of thirty-two dollars. While providing accom-
modation for the living, the dead were not forgotten. The " church-yard " lay In
the rear, or to the west, of the Patroou's trading-house — In what is now very
correctly called " Church " street: and in order " to be safe from the ravages of
the Indians," the Infant hamlet, living and dead, nestled close under the guns of
Port Orange, t

* This gentleman was the sou of the Rev. Johannes Megapolensis. minister of
Coedyck In Holland, and of Hellegond Jansen. He married his cousin Machteld Wll-
lemsen, daughter of William Steengs, or Heengs, who was his senior by three
years. See Appendix J; also Alb. Rec. v., 323. 339.

t The date of the erection of the above church is taken from Van Curler's letter
to the Patroon, dated June. 1643, which will be found translated in part, under
that date. Kieft, when proposing, in 1642, to erect a church in New Amsterdam,

1642

158 Ecclesiastical Records

Synod of Nokth Holland, at Enckhuyzen.

1642, Aug. 12 et seq.
. Art. 34, East and AVest Indies.

In reference to Art. 29, (1641), the Deputati reported, that
certain Deputies from the S;)Tiods of Gelderland, South Hol-
land, Utrecht and Overyssel, handed in to their High Mighti-
nesses a doleantie, in which they complain that the Synod of
North Holland arrogates to itself the care and supervision of
the churches in the East and West Indies; and that such care
ought to be common to all the churches of the United Provinces.
At the same time they request that matters should be so ar-
ranged, that upon the granting of ISTew Charters (to the East
India Company and to the "West India Company) a casus corre-
spondentiam might be decreed, consisting of Deputies from the
Synods of all the United Provinces; that these should have
charge of eveiything necessary for the welfare of the East and
West India churches. Their Honors, however, have given such
instructions to the Eev. Synod of South Holland, that the same
has agreed to (hold) a conference between our (and) their Depu-
ties, in the presence of the corresponding brethren. Finally
the f ollo-wdng proposition was submitted :

To prevent all estrangement and dissensions which would nec-
essarily arise between the respective Synods, so is it, that the

referred to the then contemplated erection of this church in Rensselaerswycli. That
it was erected in 1643. is evident from Megapolensis' tract on the Maquaas, pub-
lished in 1644, in which allusion is made to it. The expense of the pulpit, pews,
etc., is taken from the " Groet Boek der Colonie Rensselaerswyck," anno 1645-6, p.
56, in which we find to the credit of " Willem Fredericksz " the following entry: —
" Voor dat hy in de kerck heeft gemaakt een Predickstool, het verwulf, een
voor de overicheyt, een ditto voor de Diaconie, een cosyn met 2 lichten, een kruys
cosyn dieht gemaackt, en daerin een kusje, een hoeckjo nevens de stool, met een
banck in een wlnckelhaeek, en 9 bancken, te saemen voor. SO fl." This church was
Bufflciently wealthy in 1647, (May 29,) to loan two hundred guilders to the Patroon, ■
for which the Diaconie, or deacons, received the obligation of the colonial court,
payable in one year after date, at ten per cent. See account-book F. Rensselaers-
wyck MSS.; also the obligation itself in the Gerechtsrolle. A new " stoop," or steps,
was added in 1651, to the front of the above building, which accommodated the
faithful until 1656, when a second church was erected at the junction of what are
now State and Market streets. In 1715, a new church was erected on the latter
site, including within its walls that of 1656. The church of 1715 was finally pulled
down in 1806.— O'Callaghan's History of New Netherland, Vol. I. 328-331.

OF THE State of I^ew York. 159

charge of, or the correspondence with, the churches in the East
and West Indies shall be maintained by, and left to, all the
respective churches. Classes, and SjTiods, within whose bounds
there are Chambers (of the Companies). They shall carefully
see to it, that the churches in those far distant regions shall
abide by the same doctrine of the truth, and ecclesiastical order
and government as the churches of this land; and until such time
and occasion as shall otherwise be determined at a National
Coetus on the subject, and to the mutual satisfaction of the re-
spective Synods, these following matters are provisionally sub-
mitted and accepted: First: That all the churches and Classes
where the Chambers are located, shall annually make a full
(pertinent) report in their Synods of the state of the churches
in the East and West Indies; what ministers and Ziekentroosters
have been sent thither; and that a summary thereof shall be in-
serted in the Actis Synodibus, and this brought to the knowl-
edge of all the Synods of our land.

2. That the Correspondents shall, at their own expense, take
with them copies of the Classical Acta, and of all other letters
and documents which are of any pertinence to these matters.

3. That whenever any notable difficulties arise in these Indian
Churches, touching Doctrine or Order, and which can not well
be acted on in any one particular Classis or Synod, that then
such difficulties shall be communicated to the several Synods of
these lands, in order to obtain also their decisions thereon; and
in case the matter did not permit any further delay, then the
facts should be made kno^vn to the Revs. Deputies of the sev-
eral Synods.

4. So, also, whenever any individuals from the Classes or
Synods where there are no Chambers (of the Companies) might
be inclined to serve the church of God in the East and West
Indies; such shall address themselves to some Classes or Synod
where there are such Chambers, and if they are provided with

1642

lt30 Ecclesiastical Records

proper certificates as to doctrine and life, caeteris paribus, they
shall always be held in good recommendation.

This proposition the Eev. Synod of South Holland has ac-
cepted provisionally, and the Eev. Brethren, the Correspondents,
have promised to make it known to their respective Synods. On
this occasion was also read a certain writing from the Classis
of Walcheren, (in Zeeland), addressed to this Synod; they have
also sent over their remarks on the abovementioned doleantie,
(complaint) which were submitted to their High Mightinesses.
In these they argue against tliis matter at great length, and
request that these their remarks may be read at this SjTiod, and
be properly considered; also that they may be informed as to
what shall be resolved on in regard to this new proposition of
the aggrieved Synods, as to the care of the churches of the East
and West Indies. Thereupon their remarks were read to the
Assembly. These having been listened to, some of the Rev.
Brethren, the Correspondents, manifested their displeasure at
such manner of ^vriting, and requested a copy.

The Synod after looking into and considering everything well,
in the first place, accepted the aforesaid proposition, drawn up
at the last Synod of South Holland, at Gorkum.

2. They thought that the giving of a copy of that paper from
Walcheren (Chamber at Middleburg on the Island of Walcheren)
might easily cause some unpleasantness, and retard the accept-
ance of the said proposition by the other aggi'ieved Synods. There-
fore the Rev. Brethren, the Correspondents, were requested, in
the interest of peace, to relinquish the demand for a copy; es-
pecially, as the letter from the Classis of Walcheren plainly
indicates that the oft mentioned proposition was not kno\vn to
them at the time; otherwise they doubtless would not have sent
their objections.

3. That the President of the Deputies, Wittewrongel, shall
thank the Rev. Classis of Walcheren for the good correspond-
ence maintained in this instance, and let them know in what

OP THE State of ^ew York. • 161

state this case is now; also that while recognizing their object
as good, the Rev. Synod, nevertheless, could have wished that
they had employed a somewhat gentler and less offensive man-
ner of writing; especially, as the Rev. Brethren, the Correspond-
ents had shown no little displeasure at the same. The Depiit^ti
were also thanked for their diligence and faithful care.*

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

John Jansen Smeet — John Cornelius Backer.

1642, August 19th.

The Rev. Jacob (James) Laurentius, and Matthias Meursius,
reported, that according to their commission, they had been be-
fore the meeting of the Directors of the West India Company,
and had presented before them the name of John Jansen Smeet
as Krankbezoeker, making mention at the same time of the
meagerness of his knowledge of writing, and also of their doubt
whether indeed heretofore he acted as schoolmaster in Brazil,
as he said. Whereupon the Messrs. Directors aforesaid, taking-
no account of these objections, accepted him in the said capacity.
They did also at the same time speak with the said Directors
about the case of John Cornelius Backer. The Classis long ago
resolved to advance him as minister to Curacoa, and then re-
quested their Honors that, if it were possible, they would for-
ward him thither as soon as convenient, inasmuch as he was
getting distressed by the long delay and the consumption of his
means. They answered, that for the present, they saw no op-
portunity of sending him thither, as no ship would sail for Cura-
coa for a long time. They added that a resolution had been
adopted by the Assembly of the Nineteen that they would ac-

• Zeeland stood by North and South Holland, because there were Chambers of
the Companies also In Zeeland. There were no Chambers of the East India Com-
pany In the bounds of the complaining Synods. The West India Company had a
Chamber in the bounds of the Synod of Friesland only, besides those in Holland
and Zoelaud.

1642

162 • Ecclesiastical Recokds

ccpt no more as ministers in their service. But Lav-
ing reflected further on this matter, a few days later they let
some of the Brethren of the Committee (the Deputies) know
that their Honors, through some of their Committee, would once
more enter into negotiations with us in this matter. 'i'liey
wished to in(juire what was best to be done for the satisfaction
and solace of the said person. For long before that resolution
of the Company, he was examined by the Classis with the knowl-
edge and approval of their Honors. Their request was accepted
by the Brethren, xx. 84, 85.

John Cornelisz Backer.

* 1642, Sept. 22nd.

Appeared at the meeting, John Cornelisz Backer. He said
tli.'it lie li:ul spoken with some of the Directors of the West
India Company, and had understood that their Honors had dis-
cussed the question whether they should remove their people
from Curacoa and abandon the island, or whether they should
still keep it. In case they should wish to keep their {xjople
there, thou that they would send him thither as minister. He
requested that the Assembly would please to assist him in this
matter as much as possible. It was now a long time since he
was examined. The Assembly resolves to await the action of
the Directors as to the Island of Curacoa, in order to act properly.

At this same time the Bev. Laurentius and Swalmius told of
a conversation with some of the Directors, in reference to said
John Cornelius Backer, as is indicated on page 84; that, finally,
the Directors presented him for his solace and satisfaction in
one sum, one hundred Ryks-dollars ($100.) They also promised
him, in addition, that in case he should not go as minister to
Curacoa, they would ctnploy liim in tliat capacity on some other
good opportunity, either in (Juinea or at Angola, or at some
other place, only excepting Brazil. Thereupon the said John Cor-
nelisz answered their Honors that he would consider their offer.
The matter for the present remains in this condition, xx. 92.

OF THE State of IvTew York. 163

John Cornelisz Backer.

1642, Oct. 16th.

The Assembly has understood that the Directors of the West.
India Company, at their General Meeting of the Nineteen, had
decided to maintain the Island of Curacoa and their people on
it; that thereupon they had accepted John Cornelisz Backer
to serve there as minister. To this end John Cornelisz Backer
was ordained by the laying on of hands to that same service,
and his Instructions were given him to take with him upon
his intended voyage, xx. 94.

Affairs of the Brethren in Zeeland. ,

1642, Oct. 16th. ^
There shall be communicated to — "The Committee of the
Classis of Zeeland* on the ecclesiastical affairs in the West
Indies " — what our Classis has decided on, in regard to the mat-
ters which were discussed by us and by them, in reference to
the Acta of the Classis of Brazil. Of these mention is made pp.
80, 89, and 93. xx. 96.

To write to Brazil.

1642, Oct. 16th.
At this time a letter shall also be written to the churches
of Brazil, both in regard to the observations on the affairs pre-
viously related, in the Acts of their Classis; as also concerning
the Brazilian pamphlet by Rev. David a Doreslaer, (?) and some
other matters; in reply to their letters sent at various times to
our Classis. xx. 96.

The Church in the Fort.

The church erected by Director Vnn Twlller, had. by this time, shared the fate
common to all the public bnli.linps constructed during his administration, and was
now In such a state of dilapidation, that It was considered nothing better than "a
mean barn ". The necessity of a new church was admitted by the Director and
council so far back as 1640; when, with a view to supply the funds requisite to

• There was no Synod of Zeeland, but only a Classis.

1642

164 -Ecclesiastical Records

defray the expenses of a new building, a portion of the fines imposed l)y the court
of justice was appropriated to that purpose. But nothing practical eventuated
from this arrangement. The accommodation continued to be of the most wretched
description, when Captain Darld De Vries urged the matter anew on the consider-
ation of the Director General. " It was a shame," he said, " that the English
should see, when they passed, nothing but a mean barn In which public worship
was performed. The first thing they did in New England, when they raised some
dwellings, was, on the contrary, to build a fine church. We ought to do the same,'"
he continued; " we had good materials, fine oak wood, fine building stone, good
lime made from oyster shells, which was better than the lime in Holland." This
reasoning, backed by the intelligence that the colonists of Rensselaerswyck had it
In contemplation to raise a church also, had considerable weight with Director
Kieft. He seemed desirous to leave behind him a monument to perpetuate the
memory of his zeal for religion, and forthwith inquired who should superintend the
good work. There were not wanting " friends of the Reformed Religion." Joachim
Pletersen Kuyter, " who was a good Calvinist, and had a good sett of hands," was
elected deacon, and with Jan Dam, Captain De Vries, and Director Kieft, " formed
the first consistory to superintend the erection of the projected church."

These points having been arranged, the next question to be decided was. the site
of the building. It was ordered to be erected within the fort. But this was looked
upon in the light of " a fifth wheel to a coach," and excited considerable opposition
among the commonalty, who represented that the fort was already " very small,"
and that it stood on the point, or extremity of the island, whereas a more central
position ought to be selected for the accommodation of the faithful generally. It
was, moreover, particularly urged that the erection of a church within the fort,
would prevent the southeast wind reaching the grist-mill which stood thereabout,
and thus cause the people to suffer, especially in summer, through want of bread.*

These objections were, however, overruled. It was with justice remarked that
the building would be more safe from the attacks of the Indians, within than with-
out the fort. As to its being an impediment to the working of the wind-mill, it
was remarked that the walls of the fort then impeded the action of the southeast
wind on the mill, and prevented its working even before the erection of the church.*

Nought, therefore, now remained but to find ways and means to defray the neces-
sary expenses. Director Kieft promised to advance a few thousand guilders from
the public chest. The remainder was to be raised by private subscription.

It happened about this time that the daughter of the Rev. Mr. Bogardus was
being married. This was considered a favorable opportunity for raising the re-
quired subscription. So when the wedding party was in the height of good humor,
and mellow with the host's good cheer, the Director General called on the guests
to subscribe. The disposition to be generous was not wanting at such a time. Each
guest emulated his neighbor, and a handsome list was made out. When the morn-
ing came, a few were found desirous of reconsidering the transactions of the wed-

* Men spraake, dan, van de plaatse waerse staende sonde. De Directeur wllde en
oordeelde datse in het fort staen moest, daerse oock tegens wll en dank van de
andere geset Is; en immers soo wel past als het vyffde wlel aen een wagen; want
behalve dat hot fort cleyn is, op een punct leyt, dat meer importeren sonde in
cas van populatie. De Kercke die de gemeente, diese becostlght hebben, eygen
behoort te wcsen, soo breeckse en beneemt den zuytooston wint aen de koren-molen,
die daeromtrcnt staet; het welcke een mede oorsaek Is, dat men des zomers dick-
wils by gebreek van maalen sondcr broot is Van der Donk.

Eer de kercke gebouwt was, oonde de coornniolon met een zuyt oosten wint niet
malen, doordleu de wint door de wallen van't fort sestut wiert. — Van Tieuhoven's
Answer to Van der Donck.

H H

>^2

55 ^

OF THE State of New York. 165

ding feast. But Director Kieft would allow no such second thought. They must
all pay without exception.*

He entered, as churchmaster, into a contract, forthwith, for the mason-worli,
with John and Richard Ogden, of Stamford, who engaged to build a church of
rock-stone, seventy two feet long, fifty two feet broad, and sixteen feet over the
ground, in a good and workmanlike manner, for the sum of two thousand five hun-
dred guilders, equal to one thousand dollars. The churchmasters were to furnish
the lime; to transport the stone from the river side to the spot where the building
was to be erected; and to allow the use of the company's boat to the contractors,
who were to receive also a douceur of one hundred guilders, equal to forty dollars,
should the work be finished to the satisfaction of the employers. t

With such energy now was the work pushed forward, that the walls soon rose
to their proper height, and the shingle roof soon followed. To commemorate the
zeal both of the Director General and the commonalty on this occasion, a marble
slab was placed conspicuously in front of the building, with the following Inscription

engraved thereon: —

Anno 1642;

willem kieft, DIRECTEUR-GBNERAEL;
" heeft de gemeente desen Tempel doen bouwen." §

1642. The old church had now become dilapidated; and De Vries, dining with
Kieft, told him it was a shame that the English, when they visited Manhattan,

• De Directeur hadde dan besloten een kerck te doen timmeren, en dat ter plaetse
daer het hem goot docht. Het man queert hem aan de penningen; en waer die te
becomen? Het gebeurde om desen tyt, dat den Predikant Everardus Rogardus
eene vrouwvoordochter bestede. Dese gelegeutheyd oordeelde de Directeur een
bequame tyt tot zyn voornemen te wesen, dat hy, naer den vierden off vytt'deu
dronck oock in 't werck stelde, en hy selffs met een goet exempel voorgaende, Het
de bruy-looffsgusten teyckenen, watse tot de kerckgeven wilde. Ider, dan, met een
lichthooffd, teyckende ryckelick wech, de een tegcn de ander; en hoewel het
eenige wel beroude, doen de sinnenweder 't buys quamen, sy moesten even wel
betalen, daer viel niet tegen. — Van der Donok.

t The following is a copy of the contract: — "Appeared before me Cornells van
Tienhoven, secretary in behalf of the General Privileged West iftdia Company, In
New Netherlands, the Honorable Wm. Kieft, Churchmaster, at the request of his
brethren, the Churchmasters of the Church in New Netherlands, to transact, and
ill their name to conclude the following busiuess; So did he, as Churchmaster, agree
with John Ogden, about a church in the following manner: — John Ogden of Stam-
ford, and Richard Ogden, engaged to l)uild, in behalf of said Churchmasters, a church
of rock-sioue, seventy two feet long, fifty feet broad, and sixteen feet high, above the
soil, all in good order, and in workmanlike manner. They shall be obliged to procure
the stone, and bring it on shore near the fort at their own expense, from whence
the Churchmasters shall further convey the stone to the place where it is
intended to build the church, at their own expense. The Churchmasters afore-
said will procure as much lime as shall be re(iuired for the building of the afore-
said church. John and Richard Ogden shall at their own charge pay for the
masonry, etc., provided, that when the work shall be finished, the Churchmasters
shall pay to them the sum of two thousand five hundred guilders, which payment
shall be made in beaver, cash, or merchandise, to wit: — if the Churchmasters are
satisfied with the work, so that in their judgment the two thousand five hundred
guilders shall have been earned, then the said Churchmasters shall reward them
with one hundred guilders more; and the further promise to John and Richard
Ogden to assist them whenever it is In their power. They further agree to facili-
tate the carrying the stone thither, and that John and Richard Ogden may UBei
during a month or six weeks the company's boat; engaging themselves and the
aforesaid John and Richard Ogden, to finish the undertaken work In the manner
they contracted. Done in Fort Amsterdam, in New Netherlands. (Signed) Willem
Kieft, John Ogden, Richard Ogden, Gysbert op Dyck, Thimas Willett." — Alb. Rec.
Hi., 31 These Ogdens are the ancestors of the present families of that name in
New York, New Jersey, etc.

§ "Anno 1642, William Kieft, Director-general; hath the Commonalty caused this
Temple to be built."— Van der Donck. Judge Benson, writing in 1817, says that
when the fort was taken down " a few years since," the marble slab, above alluded

1642

1643

166 Ecclesiastical Records

" saw only a mean barn in which we preached ". " The first thing they built In New
England after their dwelling houses, was a fine church; we should do the like ",
urged De Vries; " we have fine oak wood, good mountain stone, and excellent lime,
which we burn from oyster shells — much better than our lime in Holland *'. De
Vries immediately subscribed one hundred guilders. The Director agreed to advance
" some thousand guilders " on the West India Company's account. For security
against the Indians the church was ordered to be erected within the Fort. At the
wedding of Domine Bogardus' daughter about that time, the Director secured lib-
eral subscriptions. A stone building was erected 72x50 feet, and 16 feet high, at a
cost of twenty five hundred guilders. The honor and the ownership of the work
were both commemorated by a square stone inserted in the front wall bearing the
inscription "A. D. 1642. William Kieft, Director-General, hath the commonalty
caused to build this Temple ". When the foundation of the Fort was dug away in
1790 this stone was found. It was removed to the belfry of the church in Garden
Street, where it remained till both were destroyed in the great fire of December
1835.— Brodhead i. 335-337. See document under July 28, 1649.

The Jesuits in New Yokk, 1642-3.

The Jesuits commenced their labors in Canada a little later than the Dutch
settled in New York. The first Jesuit Missionary who entered within the borders
of the State of New York was Father Isaac Jogues. He was also the first priest
who visited Manhattan Island. He was captured by the Mohawks in 1642 and
treated with great cruelty. He was beaten with clubs and stones; all his finger
nails pulled out, and the fore-finger of each hand gnawed by the savages. They
Journeyed five weeks to reach Central New York, Jogues and the other prisoners
being obliged to carry the baggage of their persecutors. Here Father Jogues had
the thumb of his right hand cut off by an Indian woman, at her chieftain's com-
mand, although she was a Christian. Now also Rene Goupil, a lay brother, who
accompanied Jogues, was killed by the blow of a hatchet.

Father Jogues was at length permitted a little more freedom, and he instructed
some Indians in-the faith and baptized some dying children. He afterward escaped
to the Dutch at Fort Orange, who protected him against the wrath of the Indians,
and finally paid them one hundred pieces of gold for his ransom. This was sub-
sequently remitted to them from France. Domine Megapolensis secreted him until
he went to New Amsterdam. Gov. Kieft kindly received him, and gave him clothes
and lodged him in the Fort. He afterward wrote a description of New Nether-
land. He sailed for France and was received with great honor. He returned to
Canada in 1646, and returned to Central New York and was killed by the Mohawks.
— Bayley's Hist. Catholic Church, 13-15.

Van Curler's efforts to rescue Father Jogues. Rescue of Father Bressani, 1642-1644.

Van Curler's benevolent mind was, however, ill at ease in the midst of these re-
joicings. The Christian captives might be doomed to undergo, in a few days, at the
Btake, all the tortures which savage cruelty and ingenuity combined could invent to
render death more terrific and appalling. Among the prisoners was the mild and

to, was found, with the Dutch inscription on It, burled in the earth, and then re-
moved to the belfry of the church in Garden street. New York, belonging to the
Dutch Reformed Congregation. On the destruction of the latter building by the
great fire 1835, this slab totally disappeared.

The Immediate completion of this church was, however, doomed to be interrupted
by the spirit of faction, and continued misunderstanding with the aborigines, the
progress and ruinous consequences of which it becomes our duty now to relate. —
O'Callaghan's History of New Netherland, Vol. 1, 259-263.

OF TUB State of New Yokk. 167

disinterested Father Jogues, a learned Jesuit missionary — " one of the first to carry
the cross into Michigan, and now the first to bear it through the villages of the
Mohawks." Despising ease, comfort, life, and every attachment which nature ren-
ders dear to man, he preferred captivity, suffering, and mutilation, to an abandon-
ment of his tender converts; and now awaited, in resignation and prayer, the crown
of martyrdom for which his soul had so long panted.

To save these unfortunate men, Van Curler called together the chiefs of the dif-
ferent Mohawk castles. He recalled to their minds the friendship and alliance
which had so long existed between them — and demanded the release of their
captives, offering, at the same time, for their ransom, presents to the amount of
six hundred guilders, which, to their honor be it recorded, the Dutch settlers of the
colonic, forgetful of all differences of creed, and actuated by the holy impulses
of the Gospel, had generously subscribed to purchase the freedom of their Christian
brethren. The savages, however, were not to be moved, either by appeals to ancient
friendship, or by the Dutchmen's presents. They were willing to grant to their
allies whatever was in their power, but on the point under discussion they would
remain silent. Curler well knew how the French treated those who fell into their
hands. Had the chief not been successful in his attack, the Iroquois would have
been burnt. For the liberation of the French prisoners he could not treat. In a
few months the warriors of the several nations would assemble, and then th.i
matter would be finally disposed of. All Van Curler could effect was to persuade
the savages to spare the lives of their prisoners, and to promise to restore them
to their country. Escorted by a party of ten or twelve, armed Indians, the Dutch
ambassadors now returned to Beverswyck, their minds filled with admiration of
the lovely country through which they traveled.

The disinterested missionary continued now to solace his captivity by spreading
the light of Christianity through the benighted region into which Providence had
cast his lot. Though his labors were most signally blest, and numbers of converts
were brought into the fold, the hearts of the principal savages continued hardened
against him. In one of his visits with some Indians to Fort Orange, he learned
that inlelligence had been received that the Mohawks were defeated by the French
at Fort Richelieu, and that he, on his return, would assuredly be burnt. The
commander of the fort counselled him, thereupon, to escape. A vessel was about
to proceed to Virginia. There he would be safe. Father Jogues demanded until
the morrow to consider this proposal, " which greatly surprised the Dutch." The
offer was finally accepted, but it was not so easy to evade the vigilance of his
savage companions. Innumerable difl3culties followed. He at length succeeded iu
secreting himself in the hold of a sloop in the river, whose close air and a horrid
stench made him almost regret that he had "not remained among the cruel Iroquois,
who now, enraged at the escape of their victim, crowded to Beverwyck, and de-
manded, with violent gestures and angry words, the surrender of their prisoner.
The Dutch were much embarrassed. They could uot consent to deliver over a
Christian brother to the tortures and barbarities of the heathen. The States Gen-
eral had sent out orders that every means should be used to rescue from the sav-
ages those Frenchmen who might fall into their power. On the other hand, the
colonic was too feeble to make any resistance. In this dilemma the offer was
again renewed to ransom the fugitive; after considerable wrangling, the Indians
accepted this offer, and presents to the amount of about one hundred pieces of gold
were accordingly delivered them. Father Jogues was sent to New Amsterdam,
where he was most kindly received and clothed by Director Kleft, who gave him a
passage to Holland in a vessel which sailed shortly after. But misfortune was not
yet weary of persecuting the Christian missionary. The vessel was driven in a
Btorm on the coast of Falmouth, where It was seized by wreckers, who, as

1642

168 Ecclesiastical Records

merciless as the savages, stripped Father Jogues and his companions of every
article of their wearing apparel, and left them bruised and naked to pursue their
journey as best they could.

In the course of the following year Father Bressani, another Jesuit missionary,
fell into the hands of the Iroquois. " Beaten, mangled, mutilated; driven barefoot
over rough paths, through briers and thickets; burnt, tortured, wounded, and
scarred, he was eye-witness to the fate of one of his companions who was boiled
and eaten. Yet some mysterious awe protected his life, and he too was at last
humanely rescued by the Dutch," who purchased his freedom at a large sum, and,
with true Samaritan kindness, dressed his wounds and nursed him until he was
perfectly convalescent, when they supplied him with clothing, " of which he stood
in much need," and sent him to the Manhattans. Here he was received in the
most hospitable manner by the public authorities, who furnished him, at his de-
parture for Europe, with the following letter of safe-conduct: —

" We, Willem Kieft, Director-General, and the Council of New Nethcrland, to all
those who shall see these presents, greeting: Francis Joseph Bressani, of the Society
of Jesus, for some time a prisoner among the Iroquois savages, commonly called
Maquaas, and daily persecuted by these, was, when about to be burnt, snatched
out of their hands, and ransomed by us for a large sum, after considerable difficulty.
As he now proceeds with our permission to Holland, thence to return to Prance,
Christian charity requires that he be humanely treated by those into whose hands
he may happen to fall. Wherefore we request all governors, viceroys, or their
lieutenants and captains, that they would afford him their favor in going and
returning, promising to do the same, on like occasion. Dated in Fort Amsterdam,
in New Netherland, this 20th September, anno Salutis, 1644, Stylo Novo."

These and many other acts of similar kindness secured ever afterwards, for both
the inhabitants and authorities, as well of Rensselaerswyck as of New Netherland
generally, the warm attachment and regard of the Jesuit missionaries, who at the
risk of health and life were disseminating the truths of the Gospel among the
Indian tribes in the valley of the Mohawk, and along the shores of the great lakes,
and who, it may be safely said, allowed no occasion to pass without giving expres-
sion to their gratitude and respect. — O'Callaghan's History of New Netherland, Vol.
1. 334-337.

1643, May 6.
Inventory of the personal property of the widow Bronck at Emaus.

Among the many items enumerated the following books are mentioned: — One
Bible, folio; Calvin's Institutes, folio; Bullingeri. (Opera.); Schultetus Dominicalla.
(Medical); Moleneri Praxis, quarto. (Moral and Practical Discourses); One German
Bible, quarto; Mirror of the Sea (Seespiegel), folio; One Luther's Psalter; Sledani,
folio. (History of Reformation); Danish Chronicle, quarto; Danish Law-Book,
quarto; Luther's Complete Catechism; The Praise of Christ, quarto; The Four Ends
of Death; Petri Apiani; Danish Child's Book; Forty Pictures of Death, by Symoi»
Golaert; Biblical Stories; Danish Calendar; Eighteen Dutch and Danish Pamphlets;
Seventeen Books In Manuscript; Eleven Pictures, large and small.

This Inventory was made in the presence of Rev. Everardus Bogardus. — Co).
Docs. N. Y. XIV. 42, 43.

Van Curler's Letter to the Patroon.
Laus Deo. At the Manhattans, this 16th June, 1643.

What the Lord, my master, commands me to receive in good regard the counsel
of Domine Megapolensis; and therein to follow his Reverence's advice — I have
never failed so to do, but have always communicated to him whatever occurred

OF THE State of jSTew York. 169

here, to have his opinion thereupon ere I concluded to uudertalie anything, aud
have always thankfully received his Reverence's counsel. Further, I shall use my
utmost diligence to collect the rest and to post all the debits and credits, (schuldeu
en wederschulden,) Beavers and Seawan. I shall then, without fall, send you all
by the next opportunity. As to what appertains to the duffels, I have, in all I
received, not perceived any damage worth mentioning, but got them in good con-
dition.

1643

As for the Church, it is not yet contracted for, nor even begun. I had written
last year to your Honor, that I had a building almost ready, namely, the covenanted
work, which would have been for Domine Megapolensis; and this house was not
agreeable to the taste of Domine Johannes; in other respects it was altogether
suitable for him, so that I have laid it aside. That which I intend to build this
summer in the pine grove, (in het Greynen Bosch,) will be thirty four feet long by
nineteen feet wide. It will be large enough, for the first three or four years, to
preach in, and can afterwards always serve for the residence of the sexton, or for a
school. I hope your Honor will not take this ill, as it happened through good in-
tention.— O'Callaghan's History of New Netherland, Vol i. 456, 457, 459.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Clmrches in England.

1643, July 27th.

In aid of the suffering churches in England, the following
measures are found good and necessary:

1. Earnestly and fervently to pray for the same in public and
private.

2. To urge upon their High and Great Mightinesses (i. e. the
States-General and the several Provincial States, separately,)
days of public fasting and prayer.

3. Also to beseech the same to contribute all that is within
their power for the advocacy and preservation of the Holy Gos-
pel in all verity, iv. 294.

Already Xew England had begim to desire that these exiles

in England and Ireland should be sent to America, as appears

from the following:

1643, Feb. 10, X. S.

Petition of the Inliabitants of New England to the House of
Commons, for a Collection.

They ask for a collection in the parishes in and about London,
for two Lords days, for the transporting of poor children driven

1643

170 Ecclesiastical Records

out of Ireland, and other orphans in England. The request was
granted.

The Major of London arranged for these collections to pay
the transportation of boys and girls to ISTew England. Argu-
ments and recommendations are presented.

Documents 2704, 2705, 2706, in Archives of London Dutch
church; pages 1907-S.

NOTE ON HUGH PETERS, 1643.

It was in this year that Rev. Hugh Peters visited Holland. — He was born of an
old English family in 1599, and graduated at Cambridge, 1622. He was ordained
by Dr. Mountain, Bishop of London, but on account of his opposition to the Bishops,
retired to Holland, and officiated in the English congregation at Rotterdam. In
1643 he went to New England, and was elected minister at Salem, and officiated also
in Boston. In 1641 he was sent by the colonies to England, on official business
with Parliament, in reference to the boundary between New England and New
Netherland. He found the civil war raging in England and joined the Parliamen-
tarians. In 1G43 he again visited Holland, and preached so violently against Charles
I. that the English Ambassador complained of him to the States-General. He gave
a series of discourses in the English Congregation in Amsterdam, accusing Charles
of exciting the Catholics of Ireland against Cromwell, so that women gave their
wedding rings to supply the English under Cromwell with funds. The Dutch were
not opposed to his actions. Peters subsequently became chaplain to Cromwell, and
is said to have thanked God for the Drogheda massacre. After the restoration
Peters was accused as one of the regicides, and he was put to death in 1660. — See
Bancroft's U. S. ii. 32.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

(Brazil.)

[Rev. J. T. Polhemus was from 1635-1654 in Brazil.]

July 31, 1643.

From the Acta of the Coetus preparatorii ad Synodum, held in
Brazil, at Recyst, ISTovember 12, 1642.

There appeared also at this session one of the Councillors of
India, being deputed thereto.

Art. 10.

Complaint is made, that there have not been sent to them the
Acta of the Synod of JN'orth Holland, since the year 1637. They
also promise that they will make an effort to send theirs.

OF THE State of ^ew York. lYl

Art. 13.

1648

The pavment of the ministers has been remedied. Hereto-
re tl
sailors.

fore their salaries were taken from the wages of soldiers and

Art. 16.

In the case of the Jews, nothing else has been done, except
only that blaspheming has been forbidden. A rule has also been
established that their men servants and maid servants may not
be Christians. And the Popish (services?) ought to be limited
within their churches.

Art. 20.

It is requested that six or seven more ministers may be sent to
them.

Art. 41.

The ministers have been denied their housing; or these have
been taken by the Company.

Art. 47.

Rev. de Varix is judged unfitted to serve any churches in
Brazil, as it is declared that he has never produced any edification.

Art. 69.

How those shall be regarded Avho were baptized by Siecken-
Troosters, and by others who are not ministers, and whether
these must be rebaptized; the advice of the Synod of North Hol-
land is asked on this subject.

Art. 29.

Lack of Siecken-Troosters, Schoolmasters and large Bibles
is referred to.

Art. 80.

Rev. Oosterdach, who came out from South Holland, is dis-
charged from his service.

1643

172 Ecclesiastical Records

Art. 89.

A resolution is referred to about bringing the judicature
(trial?) of cburch matters to the civil (power?); but it is under-
stood that this must not be done. The Hon. Directors shall
be remonstrated ^vith on this subject.

Art. 90.

It was resolved, that the representatives of the civil power (lit.
the Politicals) shall not be permitted to appear in Classes and
Consistories; but only at Synods. The cutting off of corre-
spondence is sought by the Politicals, but the Synod shows its
inclination for such correspondence.

Art. 12, in the order of Synod.

Mention is made of the writing and sending of the Synodical
Acta, to Classes and Churches; but nothing is said of the
Fatherland.

Acta of the Synod of Brazil held February 29, 1643.

Art. 47.

Rev. Doomich is dismissed from his charge in Pariba, and
declared unable (physically) to do any more service in churches
of the West Indies; on that account he shall be sent back to his
congregation in the Fatherland.

ISTo '^ Censura Morum " was held.

Letter to the Rev. Classis of Mauristad, (in Brazil?) March. 24,

1643.

They are surprised about our poor reformations, and that we
should not have accepted these, against them (?)

They refer themselves to the first Art , on the

subject of the sitting of Civilians in Church Assemblies.

|i • OF THE State of IsTew York. 173

31643

They complain of the harshness of the censures of the Classis

of Amsterdam.

They declare themselves to be a Reformed Church.

They accuse us of Cayture (?)

Letter from Francis Plante, in the ISTame of their last General

Assembly.

They say that they have need of more Siecken-Troosters.
That we should take heed to have only capable Schoolmasters.
That they are still awaiting the Bibles.
Excuse is made for the pamphlet of Doom. xx. 114-116.

Synod of ISTokth Holland, at Edam.

1643, Aug. 11 et seq.

Art. 3. Ecquest of the Revs. Deputati Synodi.

The Rev. Deputati of our Synod requested that their fellow
Deputies, who are with them entrusted with the business of
'^ Preachers practicing medicine " might be written to for Thurs-
day, so that they might be able to render a proper report on
what has been done on this subject. It was resolved to summon
the said fellow Deputies ad causani for the time stated, and to-
write to those outside of this city.

Art. 27. East and West India Affairs.

Under Art. 34, (1642), of East and West India Affairs, the
Rev. Deputati Correspondents are recommended to do their best
in their o^^nl (Synods), that the Articles proposed and agreed to,
for the accommodation of the several Synods, may be accepted
by their (Synods).

On this same occasion it was also ascertained, that the Rev.
Synod of South Holland had resolved to instruct their delegates
to the corresponding Synods, to try to induce the objecting
provinces to accept of the Articles which have been put into
practice and approved by the respective Synods.

:i634

174 Ecclesiastical Records

It is found advisable this same week to have an interview
with (to go to) those of South Holland, in order to arrive at the
"desired agreement; also that our Deputati ad correspondentiam
336 furnished with reasons.

And, in accordance with the first proposition, it was asked
in reference to these Articles agreed on, whether the several
^churches or Classes within whose bounds are located the Cham-
laers of the Companies, ought not to inform this present Synod
as to the condition of the churches in the East and West Indies,
by way of report, (tot opening). The Rev. Brethren of Enck-
huysen declared that in this business nothing had occurred in
particular. The Brethren of Hoorn said likewise. But the
Rev. Brethren of Amsterdam exhibited many and various papers
touching the state of the East and West India Churches. Also
the aforesaid Rev. Brethren of Amsterdam, read an extract
about East and West India Affairs. It was resolved, that the
respective Classes within whose bounds are located Chambers
(of the Companies) shall remain enjoined henceforth, in this
same manner, to make a report to Rev. Synod, in conformity
with those words of the project of the 34th Article, (1642);
and that such reports shall be inserted imder the extracts of
Synod.

Art. 30. Exiles from Ireland.

A letter was read from two ministers who had been driven
out of Ireland, William Davidzoon, and Alexander Junius,
wherein was represented their distressed and precarious condi-
tion. They requested therewith, in an enclosed paper, that some
eubsidium might be granted them in their very pressing need.
It was resolved that they be granted, in conformity with the ac-
tion of the Synod of South Holland, a proper amount, (sum-
metie, sommetje?) with the announcement that they must hold
themselves contented therewith, and not annoy our churches
individually.

OF THE State of Xew Yokk. 175

1643

Art. 54. Churches of England.
II. That this VENEEANDA SYNODUS, according to the
duty enjoined by " The Communion of the Saints ", and after
the example of the churches of Zeeland, South Holland, and
Switzerland, would be pleased to consider, and look about, for
ecclesiastical methods, to aid and solace, in an ecclesiastical man-
ner, the churches in England, Scotland and Ireland. These are
at present in the utmost need and peril. The same also form-
erly, when our churches of the Fatherland were in need and af-
fliction, interested themselves faithfully in them.

Answer: The VENEKANDA SYNODUS — having learned
the application to their Noble Great Mightinesses, (the Pro-
vincial States), made through the Estimable, the Messrs.; the
Commissioners, (the civil magistrates in Synod); and that their
Estimables would manage the business of the churches in Eng-
land, Scotland (and Ireland) in such a way that the same would
be left in statu, even as it is now, — declared its good wishes,
and inclinations to aid and solace the said churches in an ecclesi-
astical manner, and by ecclesiastical methods. They therefore
requested that their Estimables would make these things known
to their Noble Great Mightinesses, and the decision of their
Koble Great Mightinesses shall be awaited.

Art. 57. Individual Question by Amsterdam.
1

2. Baptism by Ziekentroostcrs.

What shall be held regarding the baptism administered by
Ziekentroostcrs? Among these are some who are authorized to
baptize by the Classis of Amsterdam; and there are (baptisms)
by others, who are not ministers; — whether these are to be
rebaptized?

Answer: This matter was referred to the several Classes.
When these have been heard from, a Synodical advice will be
drawn up.

1643

176 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

1643. Extracts from Acts of the Corresponding Synods,

Art. 17. The (Synod) of Gelderland, 1642.

Regarding the general direction of the East and West India
churches, the Eev. Synod (of Gelderland) understands that this
business shall be placed, generally, under the Synods of all the
Provinces; and so far as this could not be brought about, the
Deputati Synodi shall address themselves to the iN'oble Court,
(Hof — Legislature), of Gelderland to issue letters to their rep-
resentatives at The Hague, in the States General, so that this
point may be taken notice of, in the petition for the prolonga-
tion of the Charters of the said Companies.

Extracts from the Synod of South Holland, at Brielle, 1643.

The plan for the care of the East and West India Churches
shall be made palatable to the objecting provinces by acquiesc-
ing therein for the present, (in als een interim), until another
arrangement can be made at a general Coetus. The Remon-
strance of both Synods, with the prodromus (?) has been handed
over, and their Noble Great Mightinesses have placed the same
in the hands of the ISToble Court to serve it by way of advice.

Upon the proposal of the Rev. Brethren from Zeeland regard-
ing the distressed state of the churches in England (Scotland)
and Ireland, their High Mightinesses (the States General) re-
solved, that the respective Synods shall be given a copy of the
intercession by the States of Zeeland, as also of the creditive of
the delegates, and of the plans as proposed, so that these may
be more fully communicated to their respective bodies.

To the West India Churches shall be communicated in writ-
ing the displeasure at the printed booklets; and that they do not
possess such Synodical liberty as they imagine they do. . . . . . . . .,

As yet the decision, (arrest) on the regulation (Constitution)
regarding the English preachers, shall not be requested; but where

OF THE State of New York. 177

they are, and have independent (gesloten, closed) Consistories and
lawful calls, the Classes are permitted to ask them to come under
their jurisdiction.

England and Ireland shall be frequently prayed for, and also
be placed in the petition for days-of -prayer, in genere " Oppressed
Churches ", if the^STorth Holland Sjaiod doth also so resolve; and
the resolution of their Noble Great Mightinesses (the Provincial
States) does not militate against this petition, (which shall first be
av.'aited.)

Extracts Ex actis Synodi of Utrecht, held Anno 1642.

Eev. Keselius sent to the Synod the Ecclesiastical Acta of
Brazil, of the year 1636 to 1641, inclusive.

Extracts Ex actis Synodi of Friesland held at Bolswart, 1643.

The plan regarding the care of the East and West India
Churches was communicated to Synod, and placed in Actis

Extracts Ex actis Synodi of Overyssel, held at Deventer, 1643.

The short Catechism of the Synod of Zeeland shall not be in-
troduced for the youth in the schools; but besides the Heidelberg
Catechism, only the small Catechism at the back of the Psalm
Book, shall be used.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Letter from London.

1643, August 31st.

Finally, there was read the letter which had been received from

many Reformed ministers in London, in behalf of the distressed

churches in Ireland, where more than 150,000 have been mur-
12

1643

1648

178 Ecclesiastical Records

dered, driven away, or have otherwise perished in some miserable
manner, while those who are left still run the risk of perishing
from hunger and want. It is, therefore, requested, by said minis-
ters, of the minister of the English (Presbyterian) Church,* in this
city (of Amsterdam,) to make a statement of this distress to all
the N'etherland churches, that they come to their aid with all
possible means. It was resolved to come to the assistance of
these churches as quickly as possible, with collections, as has been
done in the case of other suffering churches, and to inform the
Eev. Synod (of ISTorth Holland) of this need, and of our resolu-
tion thereon, together vnth the communication of the letter, al-
though with all prudence, iv. 295.

Alms for the Irish Churches.

1643, Sept. 7th.

Three letters were presented which had come from England.
One, from the committee of Parliament, on Irish affairs; one from
the Consensus Theologus at London; and one from Rev. Dr.
Frisissus (?). These give the information that Irish Papists, or
rebels in Ireland, within four months have mutilated and mur-
dered 154,000 of our brethren in the faith, and are seeking to
wipe out the remainder, not only there, but throughout the whole
world. Wherefore they request and beseech that the churches
of these provinces, in accordance with their customary compas-
sion and liberality towards others, would be pleased also to be-
stow their Christian alms, in this direction, for the preservation
of the brethren in the faith in Ireland. This was sympathetically
acceded to by the Eev. Classis. It was unanimously resolved,
that the officers of each (church) shall do their utmost to collect
the greatest amount of alms possible. In order to transmit this

* This was Rev. Theodore Paget [Latinized into Pagetus,] who settled over the
Presbyterian Church in Amsterdam, on the Begyn-Hof, In 1639. In 1646 he removed
to another field. His name frequently occurs in the Minutes of the Classis of.
Amsterdam.

OF THE State of New York. 179

money safely, it shall be delivered into the hands of the comr
mittee on this business in London, through the Rev. Professor
Wittenwrongel, Eev. Matthew Meursius and Isaac Van Beeck,
the deputies of the Classis on this matter. But all this shall be
done under these special securities and conditions:

1. That what is donated shall be given purely as Christian alms
for the suffering fellows-in-the-faith, in Ireland,

2. That there shall be obtained from them a particular receipt
and acknowledgment, upon the delivery of the moneys, wherein
the recipients shall make it clear, that these donations, for suf-
ferers in Ireland, have been duly received, under the conditions
aforesaid.

Hereupon there appeared two representatives of the above
mentioned Committee of Parliament, viz., Sir Adam Lawrence,
and Maurice Thompson, who confirmed by word of mouth what
is related above, and requested a liberal alms, if possible, in aid
of the churches in Ireland. The sympathetic resolution of the
Classis was then made kno\vn to them, for which, friendly (thanks

were offered) by them, and they took their leave

The Acta adopted by the Provincial Synod (of ISTorth Holland)
were read, and whatsoever concerned this Classis was observed,
and noted for further discussion at the next Classis. iv. 297-8.

Collection for England.

(1643,) 'Nov. 13, 10.

In view of the fact that there has been ordered by their noble
(Jreat Mightinesses, (the Provincial States,) a public collection
for the distressed members of Christ in Ireland, in the churches
of this province, and the need of the same is great; the Rev. Mr.
Wittenwrongel proposes, whether it would not be well tliat this
work of love were pushed as rapidly as possible in the respective
churches of this Classis, and the moneys handed to Isaac van
Beeck, elder in Amsterdam. It was learned that this had already
been diligently done, and liberally by several churches. The

180 Ecclesiastical Records

1643

others were exhorted to hasten the work as rapidly as possible.
Revs. Meursius and "Wittenwrongel, who had been appointed bj
Classis to keep account of the moneys and deliver the same, were
urged to secure the distribution of the same, as soon as possible^
for the assistance and relief of those distressed (church) mem-
bers, iv. 300.

Letters from the Synod of London,

1644, April 4th.

Rev. Wackendorssius, as deputy from this Synod, hands in a
certain letter from the Synod of London, addressed to the Classis
of North Holland. Therein, after a vivid recital of the sad state
of the church of God in that land, two things are requested of the
churches of this Synod: First, the Christian prayers, of these
(Dutch) churches, are earnestly besought in their behalf, in their
sad state; Secondly, as might be determined on by the church here
(in Holland).

The Covenant between England and Scotland was also read.
Thereupon, it was resolved to send this letter, after it has been
recorded by the clerk for the use of the Classis, to the other Classes,
and to propose that each Classis would appoint two (of its mem-
bers) to consult with the regular deputies as to the character of
the reply (to be sent to London). Also the regular Deputies were
requested to inform the Rev. Body (the Synod of London) as soon
as possible, of the receipt of their letter, and to promise them all
good will. This Classis provisionally nominated the Rev. Presi-
dent and Rev. Wittenwrongel, to treat with the Deputies of the
other Classes as to the full response to the aforesaid letter, iv,
303.

Collection for Ireland.

1644, April 4th.

The Acts of the Classis of October 5th last, (September 7.
? 1643), and specially those items which refer to the collections
of this Classis, for the distressed members of Christ in Ireland^

OF THE State of New Yoek. 181

■were read over again. Rev. Wittenwrongel and Meursius gave
the information that most of the churches had done their share in
this business, and the few others will yet do the same. The said
Brethren promised to bring in a complete account thereof as soon
as possible. Also on motion of Thomas Cave, elder in the English
(Presbyterian) church here (at Amsterdam,) it was resolved that
the moneys in this Classis be expended here, in this land (Hol-
land) for victuals and other necessities, iv. 304.

(The English and Scotch churches in Holland were members
of the Dutch Classis. Food was also cheaper in Holland.)

Lubbert Dincklagen.

1644, April 4th.

A letter was read from Lubbert van Dincklagen, making re-
quests that complaints which might be renewedly made against
him, should be made known to him, that he might answer them.
Also that Rev. Bogardus be summoned hither. It was resolved
to await the arrival of Rev. Everardus Bogardus, and then to sum-
mon Lubbert van Dincklagen. The clerk will inform him of this
action, iv. 304; xxxix. 120.

Letters from the Synod of London.

1644, May 2nd.

In reference to the letter of the Rev. Synod of London, it was
reported that the same had been copied by the clerk for the use
of this Classis. Rev. Wackendorssius also sent a copy of the same
to the other Clas^Bcs of this Synod, but has, as yet, received no an-
swer. And inasmuch as no reply, in acknowledgment of the re-
ceipt of this letter has yet been sent to that same Rev. Body (the
Synod of London) , it was resolved that the Rev. Deputy Wacken-
dorssius shall again communicate with Rev. Deputy Puppius, to
send the receipts (recepisse, acknowledgments) as soon as possi-
ble. If any objection be raised by him, such acknowledgment shall
be made by Rev. Wackendorssius, and the two brethren of this

1644

182 Ecclesiastical Records

Classis heretofore charged with the full reply, as soon as possible^
and in nomine hnjiis Classis. iv, 306.

Collection for Ireland.

1644, May 2nd.
In reference to the collections for Ireland, the accounts of Revs.
Wittenwrongel and Meursius have been brought in. What each
church had contributed, was read, amounting altogether to the
sum of florins 22,451f ($8,980.50 cts.) Everything was per-
fectly exhibited m writing. The two brethren of the committee,
as well as Mr. Isaac van Beeck, were thanked for their trouble.
They remained charged with the duty of procuring a receipt from
the parties in Ireland, iv. 305.

Catalogue of the Classis.

1644, May 2nd.

The clerk inquires whether the catalogue made up by order of
Classis, should not be recorded, (literally, placed in the book;)
also, whether any one should be put down as not in his proper
location. Reply was made that it should be recorded, even as it
was read. iv. 307.

(There are no lists of ministers and churches in the Minutes of
the Classis of Amsterdam; but such lists came to be written on
the fly leaves of the buccessive volumes. These were amended from
time to time, as changes took place, but dates were not always
added. The erasures and additions made these lists often very
difficult to read. A few of these in the earlier volumes were
copied, but there are no allusions to America.)

Dincklagen.

1644, May 2nd.

The letter of Lubbert van Dincklagen has been answered by the
clerk, iv. 307.

OF THE State of New York. 18P*

RepJ V to the Letter of the London Synod.

1644, June 13th.

In regard to the reply to the letter of the Rev. Wackendorssius
reports, that he had written to the Rev. Puppius to send a receipt
(acknowledgment) to the said Rev. Synod but that Rev. Puppius
still objected. It was resolved that the said acknowledgment,
(recepisse,) in accordance with the preceding resolution, should
be drawn up by the brethren designated, so that our sympathy
with their sad condition may be made known to them; also that
the arrival of the Rev. Puppius shall yet be awaited to-day. The
draft of the acknowledgment, meantime having been composed,
may be examined by the Classis. Rev. Times shall fill the place
of Rev. Anthonides. iv. 309.

Reply to the Letter of the London Synod.

1644, June 13th.

The brethren deputed to draw up a reply (recepisse) to the letter
of the Rev. Synod of London, read a written Latin reply composed
by them, which pleased the Classis. It was resolved to forward
the same as soon as possible to the same Rev. Synod, in the name
of this Classis. iv. 311.

Letter to London Synod.

1644, July lYth.

Rev. Wittenwrongel handed in a copy of the letter, which was
written and sent, in the name of this Classis to the Rev. Synod
of London. It was resolved to preserve this in the Classical chest
(keep on file.) iv. 314.

Synod of North Holland, at Alckmaer.

1644, Aug. 16 et seq.

Art. 28. East and West India Affairs.

Regarding Article 27, relating to the East and West India
Affairs; it has been ascertained that the Synods of Gelderland,
Utrecht and Overyssel were not yet fully contented. It was re-

1644

184 Ecclesiastical Recokds

solved that, in conformity with the action of South Holland, we
shall continue, as before, to make the Plan, provisionally, pala-
table, through the Deputies of Synod ad Correspondentias. It
was then asked, in turn, whether the Classes, where there are
Chambers, had anything to communicate to the Synod. It was
ascertained that nothing had been received, because no ships had
arrived. The Classes of Amsterdam and Enkhuysen reported the
names of those who had been sent out as preachers and sieken-
troosters to the East Indies. — These had been sent out by, Amster-
dam:

Rev. Goergius Candidius, to Tajoucken, ) .

Rev. John a Briel, to Batavia, \

As Zieckentroosters, the following:

Lawrence Zacharias.

Cornelius Willemsen.

Paul Jansen.

Alexander Abrams.

Dirck Vermeule.

Reynier Adriaensen.

Jacob Claessen Schoenmaker.

And as minister to Muscovy, Rev, John Gaiwinckel, to Thoula ;
from Enckhuysen as Ziekentrooster to the East Indies, Hein
Jansen.

At the same time it was asked of the Rev. Deputies of the Classis
of Amsterdam, whether the ministers and siekentroosters on re-
turning home again to the Fatherland, ought not to present them-
selves and show their certificates to the Classes by whom they
were sent out. The Rev. Synod resolved to charge the respective
Classes, where there are Chambers, to take heed to this.

Art. 36. Letters from London to be answered.

It was resolved that the letter sent to the Classes of our Synod
by the Rev, Synod at London, the contents of which have been

* OF THE State of !N"ew Yokk. 185

1644

made known to all the respective Classes, through the copies here-
with furnished to the Classes, shall be answered nomine hujus
Sjnodi. To draft this letter, Eev. Correspondent of South Hol-
land, Peter Cabbeljauw is invited ; and Eev, Deputati Sjnodi
nostri, John Puppius, and with him, Pev. Adrianus Snellius. The
copy of the same shall be inserted at the back of the Acta of
Synod.*

Art. 42. Baptism by Siekentroosters.

To the second question of Amsterdam, — See on the same Art.
57, (1643) — "What shall be held as to the baptisms administered
by Siekentroosters, etc. It is understood that the opinions of the
respective Synods are, that baptism by Siekentroosters is to be
held of no value. As to the matter of rebaptising ? The Synod
refers this to the answers to the Questione particularia vige simani
nonan Synodi l^ationalis, held at Dordrecht Anno 1578. — (This
was the first ISTational Synod ever held in Holland, 1578.)

Art. 52. 1644 — p. 21. Greek Letter.

Deputati Synodi nostrae are ordered to communicate a certain
Greek letter handed in b}^ the Estimable Commissioner Dedel,
sent to this Synod by the Bishop of Ephesus, Meletius Pantagolus,
to Revs. Deputati of South Holland, in order to act conjunctim
with the same pro re nata.

Book of Guilielmus Apollonius, on Church Government, sent
from Holland to the Westminster Assembly.

Oct. 16, 1644.
Title.

Consideratio quanmdam Controver&iarum ad Pcgimcn Eccle-
siae Dei spectantium, quae in Angliae Regno hodic agitantur. Ex
mandato et jussu Classis Walachrianae conscripta a Guilielmo

• A photographic copy of this letter, embracing five closely written pages, was
secured from the copy In the records. Vol. 52, 111. p. 29, at 100 Java straat, in the
Hague.

186 Ecclesiastical Records

1614

Apollonii Verbi Dei apud Middelburgensis Ministro. Et ab

Ecclesiis Walachris ad Ecclesianim suarinn sensiim et consensum

judicandum transmissa ad Sjnodum Londinensem 16 Octobris

Anni 1644.

(Translation.)

A Consideration of certain Controversies at this time agitated
in the Kingdom of England concerning the Government of the
Church of God Written at the Command and appointment of the
Walachrian Classis by Guilielmus Apollonii, Minister of the Word
of God at Middelburgh. And sent from the Walachrian churches,
to declare the sense and consent of their Churches to the Synod
of London, Oct. 16, 1644, JST.S. Translated out of the Latin,
1645. — See Corwin's Manual of Reformed Church, 1879, page
xii, note. Also Steven's Dutch Ecc. Establishment, and his His-
tory of the Scotch Church of Rotterdam.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Letters from Curacoa and Angola. Johannes Backerus.

1644, Nov. 7th.

A letter was read from John Backerus, minister at Curacoa,
relating to the state of the Church on the said island also, another,
from Rev. Jacobus Beth, minister at Angola. Each asked what
they must do in reference to baptizing the children of heathen.
It was resolved that the clerk look up the resolution of the Synod
on this subject, and report the same at the next Classis. iv. 335.

Acts of the Deputies.

Service of the Church in the West Indies.

(1644.)

Regarding the Sacred Ministry in the Churches in the West
Indies, it was resolved that Revs. Deputies ad res Indicas shall
make request of the XIX (the Executive Committee of the
West India Company) that we may be allowed to look about

OF THE State of New York. 187

for some capable ministers, in order to dispatch them thither at
the earliest opportunity. And in doing this, we must inform
them, that there is danger from the great necessities of the field,
that persons of all sorts of character, and therefore but little fit
for so worthy an ofiice, may seek that position and be advanced
thereto, xxxix. 137.

Book on the Mohawk Indians, by Rev. John Megapolensis.

1644.

Rev. John Megapolensis wrote the following: ''A short Ac-
count of the Mohawk Indians, their country, language, figure,
costume, religion and government. Written and despatched from
N'ew ISTetherland, AugT^st 26, 1644, by J. M., minister there.
"With a brief account of the Life and Manners of the Stapongers
in Brazil ".

This was published at Alkmaer, by Ysbr. Jansz v. Houten, 8vo.
pp. 32. 1651, without the author's consent. Translations may
be found in Hazard's State Papers i. 517-526 ; and in the Histori-
cal Collections of the State of ISTew York, iii. See also Duyck-
inck's Cyc. Lit. i. 80.

Rev. Richard Denton.

Those New England settlers who preferred Presbyterianlsm to Independency,
drifted southward, through Connecticut and Long Island into New Jersey. Rev.
Richard Denton was one of these. He came from England in 1630, with a largo
part of his congregation, and settled at Watertown, Mass. Denton was a Presby-
terian by choice. He was graduated from Cambridge in 1623, and was subsequently
pastor of Cooly Chapel. He was driven out of Massachusetts on account of opposi-
tion to his Presbyterian ways. He removed to Hempstead, Long Island, in 1644,
but there he experienced the same troubles. The Independents and Presbyterians
did not then harmonize well. In 10.36 two of Denton's sons purchased lands of the
Indians and founded Jamaica. They seem to have had a Church from the start,
for as early as 1G62 they provided a parsonage. In 1710, George McNlsh was called
as eighth pastor of Jamaica. The last notice of that Presbyterian Church at Hemp-
stead is 1729. The history of the Jamaica Presbyterian Church Is unbroken. Den-
ton was a man of more than ordinary talent and ability. — Hays, 64.

New JSTetherland 1614-1639. — Historical Extract.

Report of the Board of Accounts on New Netherland. 1644.

Report and Advice on the Condition of New Netherland, drawn up from docu-
ments and papers placed by commission of the Assembly of the XIX., dated 15th
of December, 1644, in the hands of the General Board of Accounts, to examine the

188 Ecclesiastical Records

eame. to make a digest thereof, and to advise the Assembly how the decay there'
can be prevented, population increased, agriculture advanced, and that country
■wholly Improved for the Company's benefit.

New Netherland, situate in America, between English Virginia and New England,
extending from the South River, lying in thirty four and a half degrees, to Cape
Malabar, in the latitude of forty one and a half degrees, was first frequented by tho-
inhabitants of this country in the year 1598 (?), and especially by those of the
Greenland Company, but without making any fixed settlements, only as a shelter
in the winter. For which purpose they erected on the North and South Rivers
there, two little forts against the incursions of the Indians. A charter was after-
wards, on the 11th of October, 1614, granted by their High Mightinesses to Gerrit
Jacobsz. Witsen, antient burgomaster of the city of Amsterdam, Jonas Witsz, Sy-
mon Morrisen, Lambert van Tweenhuysen, Wessel Schenck and associates, all In-
habitants of these parts, to trade (1614-1617) exclusively to the newly discovered
countries, situate in America, between New France and Virginia, and now called
New Netherland, to resort thither exclusively for the term of three years, without
any other persons being able, during that time, to frequent that place from this
country, on pain of confiscation of ships and goods, and a fine of fifty thousand
Netherland ducats. — Col. Docs. i. 149.

In the years 1622 and 1623, the West India Company took possession, by virtue
of their charter, of the said country, and conveyed thither, in their ship, the New
Netherland, divers Colonists under the direction of Cornells Jacobsz. Mey, and Adri-
aen Jorissz. Tienpolnt, which Directors, in the year 1624, built Fort Orange on the
North River, and Fort Nassau on the South River, and after that, in 1626, Fort
Amsterdam on the Manhattes. In all which, garrisons were continually maintained,
and trade was carried on in those several districts with yachts, sloops and other
crafts. And in the year 1629, the Freedoms and Exemptions conceded by the Hon-
orable Assembly of the XIX. were published, with their High Mightinesses' appro-
bation. Thereupon divers Patroons and Colonists resorted thither and endeavored
to advance agriculture and population. For further security. Fort Good Hope was
also erected in 1633, on the Fresh River. But said population did not experience
any special impulse until the year 1639, when the fur trade with the Indians, which
had been previously reserved to the Company, was thrown free and open to every
body; at which time not only the inhabitants there residing spread themselves far
and wide, but even new Colonists came thither from Fatherland; and the neighbor-
ing English, both from Virginia and New England repaired to us. So that in place
of seven Bouweries, full thirty were planted, and full one hundred more expected
in a short time from the plantations which were taken up; insomuch that there
was every appearance that provisions might be furnished in two or three years for
ten thousand men. — Col. Doc. N. Y. i. 149. Copied from Wassenaar's Description of
the First Settlement of New Netherland.

Council Minute, that Rev. E. Bogardus refused to receive an admonition in writing
sent him by Dir. Kleft.

23rd March 1645.
The Honorable Director William Kieft has, by approval of the Council, sent an
admonition in writing, dated 23 March to the minister Bogardus, which he would
not receive or open, and the paper is returned by the court messenger. — Col. Does.
N. Y. xiv. 59.

. OF THE State of i^^Ew Yoek. 189

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

Acta of the General Coetus in the West Indies.

1645, June 26th.
The Acta have also arrived from the General Coetus last held
in Brazil. These having been read in the Assembly, the foUomng
things are to be noted :

1. Articles 2, 3, 4, 7. That several persons of various nation-
alities have presented themselves ad examen preparatorium, that
they may be admitted ad propositiones publicas; as Englishmen,

etc., and others. From this, not without reason, disorder

in the church is to be apprehended.

2. Article 14. To send the Acta of their Classis to all
churches (Classes?) and SjTiods; and to request the Acta from
such in return; and also to correspond with all the churches.
This they wish to have communicated to the XIX.

3. Article 20, Of children baptized by Siecken-Troosters.

4. Article 21. Of ministers and Siecken-Troosters; also to
send a French minister, xx. 141.

Report to the Assembly of the XIX.

1645, July 24th.
At the resumption of the preceding Acta, report was ren-
dered by Mourcourtius and Prudentius. In compliance with
the commission laid upon them by the Rev. Classis, they
had appeared before the Assembly of the XIX at the West
India House, (on Rapenburg; building still standing;) and re-
quested for the churches of Brazil seven ministers and a few
Siecken-Troosters. In regard tO' this request the Hon. Directors
desired to see the said request put in writing. This the Brethren
did, and received as a reply, that the Assembly of the XIX have
referred this request, by means of a circular letter, to the next
meeting of the XIX, in Zeela.nd. xx. 141.

1645

190 Ecclesiastical Records

Extract about Indian Affairs for the Synod.

1645, July 24th.

Further, it was resolved to ascertain from the Classis how far
the Deputies should go, in laying Indian affairs before the Synod.
Meantime the Rev. Mourcourtius was directed to make a short
extract (memorandum) thereof, for the consideration of the next
meeting of the Classis.

Extract of the East and West India affairs since the last Synod
at Alkmaar, 1644 xx. 141.

Synod of Nokth Holland, at Haarlem.

1645, Aug. 8 et seq.
Art. 20. East and West India Affairs.

Regarding the 28th Article referring to the East and West
India Affairs : Inasmuch as the Rev. Synods of Gelderland,
Utrecht and Overyssel have not yet accepted the Plan as to this
business; therefore after an exhibition of the difficulties which
arise from disagreement on this matter, it was resolved, in order
to secure some good result, earnestly to request the Rev. Cor^
respondents to make the said Plan acceptable to their principals.
At the same time it was resolved to order the Rev. Deputati of
our Synod to insist earnestly that the objecting Synods accept
this Plan.

The question having been put, whether the Classes where there
are Chambers did not have something to report about the state
of the churches in the East and West Indies, the Rev. Delegates
from the Classis of Amsterdam read this following:

Extracts concerning the state of the churches in the East and
West Indies, as this has been made known to us since the last
Synod held at Alkmaer, 1644.

1. Of the East Indies.
(Four pages, relating to Batavia, Coromandel; and Formosa,
where fifty nine hundred had been baptized, etc.)

OF THE State of ITew Yoke. 191

2. Of the West Indies.

From the churches of the West Indies we have nothing in par-
ticular, except that the instruction of the Brazilians progresses
very well; that they have found a school teacher for the Negros,
of whom they have good hopes of success.

That also some children of the Tapoyers will be brought to
the Aldeen, to be educated, even as the same have requested.

But they complain much of the scarcity of ministers, inasmuch
as Jacobus Cralingius has died there, and many others have re-
cently left for the Fatherland, namely: Bev. Joachim Soler,
Franciscus Planter, Rev. Kettelius. These are on the point of
being followed by still others. Wherefore those few who are still
there, must in the meantime scatter themselves, and repair to the
other places to help supply them, not without injury to their own
churches. They have need of at least seven more ministers in
other places, which they name.

For which reason they also earnestly request that at the earliest
opportunity some good and pious ministers may be sent to them,
as otherwise they would have to take up with the material which
they have there. These are mostly of foreign nations, English,
Spanish, and such others as present themselves. Work has begun
with some of these, to promote them in time to the ministry; but
from them it is to be feared that nothing but great disorder in
the church will come.

The Classis of Amsterdam has made an effort with the Directors
of the West India Company, to get them to send ministers and
Siekentroosters thither. They have also pressed this matter upon
the Assembly of the XIX, lately met at Amsterdam, and earnestly
recommended the request of the churches of Brazil. Thereupon
they received for an answer, that said Assembly had admonished
those Chambers which were behind hand, to send tlieir preachers;
and further had referred this request as one of the points, in the
notice for the next meeting of the XIX to be held in Zeeland.

1645

19S! Ecclesiastical Records

And so also not more than one siekentrooster has been sent to
Guinea, namely, Jacob Cornelissen.

Th§ Rev. Brethren of the Classis of Hoorn reported nothing
more than that Rev. Sixtus u- Besten was sent out as minister to
the East Indies.

The Rev. Brethren of the Classis of Enckhuysen also reported

that there were sent out to the East Indies, Rev. Isaac Schipio

as preacher, and John Pietersen as siekentrooster; and to Guinea,

Albers Elbersen, and Adrian Lourentse Kuysterman, as sieken-

troosters.

Art. 52. Plan of the Synod of England.

It appears from the Acta of the Synod of South Holland, that
the Rev. Synod of England had agreed upon a certain Plan of
Church Government, practically the same in most points as that
of the Reformed Church of this country, and has laid the same
before the Parliament of England, with the request for the ap-
proval thereof.

This was heard by the entire Assembly with great gladness and
with singular satisfaction, with the assurance that between the
English Church and our Church there should be effected a similar
form of government.*

Council Minute. Proclamation to be issued ordering a Day of Thanksgiving to be
observed on account of the Peace •with the Indians.

The 31st of August (1645).

It has been resolved in Council, to Issue a proclamation for a day of general
thanksgiving, which shall take place on the 6th of September next in all the Dutch
and English churches within the limits of New Netherkind. The proclamation reads
as follows.

As it has pleased the Almighty God in his infinite mercy and clemency in addition
to many previous blessings, to allow us to obtain the long desired peace with the
savages, we have found it necessary to announce it to all the people of New Nether-
land, in order that in all places, where Dutch and English churches are established,
the Almighty God may be especially thanked, lauded and blessed next Wednesday.
the 6th of September, the text taken to be appropriate and the sermon applicable
thereto. You will please to announce this matter to the congregation next Sunday,
that they may know it. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiil. 19.

* This refers to the great Westminster Assembly and the adoption of Presby-
terianism by the Commonwealth under Cromwell.

OF THE State of i^ew York. 193

Proceedings of the Assembly of the XIX, in Regard to New

Netherland.

1645, Sept. 21.

Extracts from the Kesolutions of tlie Assembly of the XIX. of the
West India Company, holden at Middleburg, from the 9th of
September to the 16th of October, 1645, as far as they relate
to the affairs of New Netherland.

Ttiesday, the 21st September, 1645.

The opinion of the before mentioned deputies being heard, it
is, after divers discourses between the members from Amsterdam
and other Chambers, concluded and resolved; inasmuch as some
Clergymen are about to return home from Brazil, that they be
permitted to return, and that the number of those who shall re-
main there be limited to nine persons, to wit: one for each ninth
part, to be distributed by the President and Supreme Council
among the principal places where the hearers are most numerous,
and their services shall be most advantageous.

And that the smaller places shall be served by precentors, com-
forters of the sick, and schoolmasters, who shall offer up public
prayers, read aloud from the old and new testament, from printed
sermons; and tune the psalms.

But inasmuch as the Amsterdam Chamber maintains, at its
charge, seven of the aforesaid clergymen, besides one in Curacao,
one in New Netherland and one in Loando, making ten in all;
on the other hand, Zealand and the Maese have only one; Zealand
and North Holland is to send one, and Stadt en Landen"'*' hath sent
one by the last ship; it is resolved that the Supreme Government
in Brazil shall be bound herein to make an equal re-partition of
those who are to remain in the service or are sent out, in order that

1645

* In 15&4, Prince Maurice reduced the city of Gronlngen and united the Omme-
landen, or surrounding rural dlatrlcta, to It as one province. Martinet. Beschryvlng
der Nederlanden, 11, 148. The province of Gronlngen was hence sometimes called
"Stadt en Landen "; city and country. — Ed.

194 Ecclesiastical Records

1646

thus the nine parts hereafter to be borne by the members, be

equally charged. — Col. Doc. ]Sr. Y. i. 163-4.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies. Commission of Classis to the Deputies.

1646, May 28th.

Inasmuch as at the last Classis the Deputies ad res Indicas were
commissioned to consider the desolate state of the churches in
Brazil, and to give information of the same to the Hon. Directors;
it was resolved, that inasmuch as the XIX do not assemble here,
but at The Hague, to refer this matter again to Classis, and to
ask in what manner the Deputies shall act in this business, xx.
152, 153.

Minister to New Netherland.

Whereas the Brethren Deputies, charged with calling a minister
to New Netherland, had, to this end, written to Eev. Aemilius
van der Poel and Eev. Nicholas Ketelius, and requested that they
would either personally appear here, to speak with them orally;
or to make kno^\'n to us their disposition in writing before June
11; and inasmuch as neither they themselves nor any communi-
cations from them have been received; it was resolved, since there
is need of haste in the matter, to write once more to one of them,
and to request a speedy reply. The clerk will do this. xx. 153.

Extracts from the Acta of the Classis of Brazil.

Whereas the Brethren Deputies have shown to our Classis their
extracts from the Acta of the Classis of Brazil, and have asked
advice, as to whether, and how, this same matter shall be laid
before, (lit. remonstrated to; but this has not that force, as in
English), the Messrs XIX; the Classis recommends this to the
discretion of the Deputies. ' They, in order to ward off their
have noted down what affairs ought to be laid before

OF THE State of New Yoke. 195

the XIX, aJid have written to the churches, and having considered
the said extracts, they have

1. Resolved: As to the setting aside of the Conunissariefi
of the church of Brazil, to stir them up (animate them) to oppose
their money

2. As to the licensing of the Jews: About this much com-
plaint has been made in Brazil; that the XIX shall be requested

— inasmuch as Judaism is in direct conflict with Christianity and
therefore can particularly hinder the course of the Gospel there

— that the Hon. Directors would seriously heed such complaints
and not permit them such liberty.

3. As to the boldness of the Papists: the session resolved to me-
morialize the XIX earnestly, and to give them to understand that it
gi-ieves us to hear that liberty has been heretofore granted them, al-
though under some limitation; but misfortunes have arisen there-
from. Therefore their Honors may deduce that the Papacy is not
to be limited; and they are to be requested to deprive them of
such liberty hereafter.

4. As to the correspondence with all the Synods of the Prov-
inces: They are seriously to advise the Messrs. XIX against this.

5. As they complain that no answer has been written them,
in regard to those baptized by Siecken-Troosters — how this should
be regarded: the resolution of Synod shall be forwarded to them.

6. Inasmuch as such sad betrayals have revealed themselves
in the West Indies: That this be laid before the Messrs. XIX,
and they be asked, in accordance with the desire of the church
there, that henceforth no high officials be appointed for the civil
government there, except such as are of the Reformed Religion,
and also church members,

7. As to gentlemen restoring the state there: That all Popery
be turned out.

8. To maintain capable schoolmasters and schooknistressee,
for the very young (young youth) who now run idle in many
places.

1646

196 EOCLBSIASTIOAL EeCORDS

9. In the union of the Classes : to seek help of the XIX.

10. As they complain that for five years no ministers have
been sent them : they shall be told who is to blame therefor.

11. Our request of the Messrs. XIX for six or seven minisr-
ters, to be renewed.

12. To Art. 52 : that we have received their Acta of the year
'44, (1644,) through Rev. Kesterius.

13. As the Classis has granted them the Acta of the year
1640 and subsequent years: These shall be sent to them, pro-
vided the company will bear the expense, which shall be asked of

it— XX. 153, 154.

New Netherland.

1646, June 5th.

The Rev. Deputati ad res Indicas reported, that the Directors
of the West India Company have need of a minister and school-
master in ISTew Netherland; also another minister was needed in
Brazil. And whereas Revs. Cornelius van der Poel and Nicolas
Ketelius have come home from that locality, it was resolved to
make an effort to induce them to go thither (to New Netherland).
For this business the said Rev. Deputati ad res Indicas, were
authorized, iv. 389 ; xxxix. 140.

THE CASE OF DOMINIE BOGARDUS.

Summons to the Rev. E. Bogardus to appear before the Council and answer charges
against him, and f'^rther proceedings. [June 11, 1646.]

In the name of the Lord, Amen. Anno 1646 in New Netherland.
The Hon. Director and Council to the Reverend Everardus Bogardus, minister here.
Although we are informed of your proceedings in the time of the Honorable
Wouter van Twiller, the former Director, and were also warned to be on our guard,
yet were we unwilling to pay any attention thereto, believing that no man that
preached the Word of the Lord would so far forget himself, notwithstanding we
have letters in your own hand, among others, one dated 17th June 1634, wherein
you do not appear to be moved by the spirit of the Lord, but on the contrary by a
feeling becoming heathens, let alone Christians, much less a preacher of the Gospel.
You there berate your magistrate, placed over you by God, as a child of the Devil,
an Incarnate villain, whose buck goats are better than he, and promise him that
you would so pitch into him from the pulpit on the following Sunday, that both you
and his bulwarks would tremble. And many other such like insults, which we re-
frain from mentioning, out of the respect we entertain for that gentleman.

OF THE State of New York. 197

You have Indulged no less In scattering abuse during our admlnlBtratlon. Scarcely
a person in the entire land have you spared; not even your own vclfe, or her sister,
particularly when you were in good company and jolly. Still mixing up your human
passion with the chain of truth, which has continued from time to time, you asso-
ciated with the greatest criminals In the country, taking their part and defending
them. You refused to obey the order to administer the Sacrament of the Lord and
did not dare to partake of it yourself. And in order that you may not plead igno-
rance, a few out of many Instances shall be cited for you, as follows:

On the 25th of September 16.39, having celebrated the Lord's Supper, observing
afterwards in the evening a bright fire In the Director's house, whilst you were at
Jacob van Curler's, being thoroughly drunk, you grossly abused the Director and
Jochlm Pietersen, with whom you were angry, because the Director had asked
something of you for said Jochlm Pietersen which you refused. (See aflBdavit in
our possession.)

Since that time many acts have been committed by you, which no clergyman
would think of doing. In the hope that you would at least demean yourself in your
oflBce in a christianlike manner, we have over looked those things until March 1643,
when one Maryn Adrlaensen came into the Director's room with predetermined pur-
pose to murder him. He was prevented and put in irons. Taking up the criminal's
cause, you drew up his writings and defended him. He, notwithstanding, was sent
to Holland In chains against your will. Whereupon you fulminated terribly for
about fourteen days and desecrated even the puplt by your passion. In what man-
ner you conducted yourself every evening during this time is known to your imme-
diate neighbors. Finally, you made up friends with the Director, and things became
quiet.

In the year 1644, one Laurens Corneiissen being here — a man who committed
perjury; once openly took a false oath and was guilty of theft — he Immediately
found a patron In you, because he bespattered the Director with lies and you were
daily making good cheer with him. In the summer of the same year, when min-
ister Douthey administered the Lord's Supper in the morning, you came drunk into
the pulpit in the afternoon; also on the Friday before Christmas of the same year,
when you preached the sermon calling to repentance.

In the beginning of the year 1645, being at supper at the Fiscal's where you ar-
rived drunk, you commenced as is your custom, to scold your deacons and the Secre-
tary, abusing among the rest deacon Oloff Stevensen as a thief, although he did
not utter an ill word against you; whereupon the Director, being present, suggested
to you in a kind manner, that it was not the place to use such language. As you
did not desist, the Director finally said, that when you were drunk, you did nothlhg
but abuse, and that you had been drunk on Friday when you went into the pulpit;
that it did not become a minister to lead such a life, and to give scandal to the
worthy congregation.

Some days after, the Director not being able to attend church in consequence of
indisposition, to wit on the 22ud January 1645, you abused him violently from the
pulpit, saying " What else are the greatest In the land but vessels of wrath and
fountains of evil, etc. Men aim at nothing but to rob one another of his property,
to dismiss, banish and transport ". For this reason the Director absented himself
from church, in order to avoid greater scandal; as he will maintain that he never
coveted any man's property, or took it away, or acted unjustly, or banished any
one who had not deserved three times severer punishment. Whomever he dis-
missed was discharged because such was his prerogative, and he will vindicate hl9
act In the proper quarter. It is none of your business.

1646

198 Ecclesiastical Records

On the 21st March 1645, being at a wedding feast at Adam Brouwer's and pretty
drunk, you commenced scolding the Fiscal and Secretary then present, censuring
also the Director not a little, giving as your reason that he had called your wife a

, though he said there that it was not true and that he never entertained such

a thought, and It never could be proved. Wherefore on the 23rd March, we being
moved by motives of mercy, and on account of the respect attached to your office
Instead of prosecuting you, sent you a Christian admonition under seal, which you
twice refused to receive. (See Report of the Messenger.)

You administered the Lord's Supper at Easter and Whitsuntide without partak-
ing of it yourself, setting yourself as a partisan; assuming that the Director had
sent the Yoncker* and one lottho, meaning Lysbet the midwife, to you in order to
seek a reconciliation, but that you would think twice before making peace with him;
using similar language also to the Yoncker and Anthony de Hooges, as shall appear
by credible witnesses. At the making of the peace, many words and means were
used to break it off. Good effect was expected from the order which was sent to
you to offer up prayers to the Lord, but instead of a prayer, people heard an in-
vective, the tendency whereof was of dangerous consequences. Peace being con-
cluded with the Indians, an extract from the order of the Lords States was sent
to your Reverence, to return thanks to God on the 6th of September therefor. Your
Reverence preached well and gave a good sermon, but throughout not a word was
uttered about the peace, and though the day was appointed specially for that pur-
pose, you offered no thanks to God for it, as the other clergymen who dwell within
our limits have done with great zeal. By this, people can estimate your disposition
towards the Company, by whom you are paid, and the welfare of the country;
which disposition is also manifested by favoring those who have grossly defrauded
and injured the Company; the conventicles and gatherings held and still daily con-
tinued in reference thereto.

On the 22nd of December, you said publicly, in the course of the sermon on re-
pentance, that you have frequently administered the Lord's Supper, without par-
taking of it yourself, and wished that those who are the cause of the trouble were
dismissed, and when families are visited, they cannot give a reason, why they ab-
sent themselves. Your bad tongue is in our opinion, the sole cause, and your stiff-
neckedness, and those who encourage you in your evil course, the cause of its con-
tinuance. We know no one but only you who has refused to make peace. When
you make a visitation you do not enquire the reason of such absence if it be
demanded.

On the 24th of the same month, you remarked in your sermon, that in Africa, in
consequence of the excessive heat, different wild animals copulate together, whereby
many monsters are generated. But in this temperate climate, you knew not, you
said, whence these monsters of men proceeded. They are the mighty but they
ought to be made unmighty, who have many fathers and place their trust in the
arm of the flesh, and not in the Lord.

Children can tell to whom you here alluded. These and many similar sermons
which you have often preached, have obliged us to remain away from church.

Seeing that all this tends to the general ruin of the land, both in ecclesiastical
and civil matters, to the disparagement of authority which your Reverence is bound
by duty and also by your oath to support; to the stirring up of mutiny among the
people, already split into factions; to schism and contention in the church, created
by novel and unheard of customs, and to rendering us contemptible in the eyes of
our neighbors, which things cannot be tolerated, when justice is accustomed to be
maintained, therefore our bounden duty obliges us to provide therein, and by virtue

• Adrian van der Donck.

OF THE State of New York. 199

of our commission from their High Mightinesses, His Highness, and the Lords
Directors of the Incorporated West India Company, to proceed against you for-
mally; and in order that the same may be done more regularly, we have commanded
th.Tt a copy of this our Acte be delivered to you, to be answered in fourteen days,
protesting that your Reverence shall be treated in as Christian and civil a manner
as our conscience and the welfare of Church and State will permit. The 2nd of
January 1646.

1646, 4th of January.

We have seen the writing dated third January last sent us by Bverardus Bogardus
through the messenger, and found it futile and absurd and not an answer to the
extract dated 2nd of January 1646, sent to said Bogardus. It is therefore ordered
that said Bogardus shall give a pertinent answer to the contents of said extract,
either affirmatively or negatively within the time therein mentioned, on pain of
being prosecuted in court as a rebel and contumacious.

Thus done in Council at Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland on the above date.

On the l&L*i of January.

We have seen a certain writing of Domine Bogardus sent us by the messenger,
full of vain subterfuge, calumny, insult and profanation of God's holy word, to the
disparagement of justice and his lawful superior, which he uses, as is his custom,
to vent his passion and to cover up the truth, and is in no wise an answer to our
charges and order sent him on the 2nd and 4th of January last. Therefore we order
him a second time to answer it formally within fourteen days either negatively or
afBrmatively on pain as above.

On the first of February Anno 1646.

Having seen the slanderous writing of Domine Bogardus purporting to be an an-
swer to our charges, wherein he afiirms some and denies other points thereof, and
demands proof.

Ordered that the Fiscal shall give said Bogardus satisfaction as his party.

On the 8th of March, 1646.

Having seen the answer of Everardus Bogardus, minister, dated 8th of March,
Ordered, if he has anything more to allege either against the witnesses or other-
wise in the remainder of the suit, that he produce it within eight days, and at the
same time specify the reason which the Honorable Director and Council gave him
for abusing tliem from the chair of truth, and refusing to obey their order; In de-
fault whereof the buit shall be proceeded with to proof, notwithstanding his subter-
fuges. The 8th of March 1646.

Whereas Domine Bogardus has not yet answered the papers sent to him on the
8th of February, he is hereby ordered to answer them by the next court day, and
show cause why he has calumniated the Magistrate from the Chair of Truth, and
in his writing.

Having seen the wriiing u;;tod the 15th of March 1640 sent b.v the messenger
from Everardus Bogardus, minister, it is for the second time ordered that Deft,
shall declare at the next session whether he has any more objections against the
evidence and other points of the suit, and any other cause why he has calumniated
the Director and Council in the Chair of Truth, and neglected their order. In
default, the suit shall be despatched.

Everardus Bogardus, minister, has delivered in Court an answer to the resolution
of the 15th of March and previous dates, wherein he declares that he will not at
present proceed further or deeper in the case, or with the evidence or remainder
of the suit; and whereas he, Bogardus, has challenged the Director and Council as
judges, although we, by virtue of the commission granted us by their High Mighti-
nesses, his Highness, and the Honorable Lords Directors, are fully qualil3od to de-

1646

200 Ecclesiastical Records

cide the case, as It concerns our oflBce and the authority of our superiors vested in
us, Yet in order to obviate all occasion of scandal, we are willing to place our claim
In the hands of impartial judges of the reformed religion, such as Domine Johannes
Megapolensis, Mr. Douthey, both ministers, and two or three impartial members of
this Province, provided Bogardus shall submit his case, as we do, to their judg-
ment, and that he, in the meanwhile, shall not privately or publicly, directly or
Indirectly, by abuse or calumny offend the Director and Council; and if, meanwhile,
another Director and other Councillors arrive here, we are content to place the
matter in their hands. On which he is ordered to communicate his resolution on
the 12th of April next.
Dated 22nd of March 1646 in Council in New Amsterdam.

12 April Anno 1646.

Having seen the answer of Everardue Bogardus, minister, dated the 12th of

April, delivered In writing, whereby he refuses the civil offer made him on the 22nd

of March last by the Director and Council, to submit the suit against him to two

Reformed ministers and some impartial members of this country, but appeals to

the coming of a new Director and Council; and whereas it Is uncertain what time a

new Director will arrive; we cannot consequently neglect putting a stop to the

disorder and scandals which have prevailed hitherto, but are resolved to proceed

with the suit; we therefore order that an answer to his last writing delivered to

us shall be sent to him, Domine Bogardus, within eight days, to be by him replied

to for the last time on the 2eth of this month, in default whereof the case shall be

decided.

nth of June.

Whereas Oloff Stevensen, deacon and commissary of cargoes and the store, has
presented a petition to us wherein he requests that four arbitrators may be named
by us who might decide the difficulty which he has with Domine Everardus Bogar-
dus, minister here, to which said Bogardus also consents, (see his writing delivered
to us by him, Oloff): Therefore we do not object so to do, and hereby nominate
Domine Megapolensis, Mr. de Hooges, Yoncker Adrlaen Verdonck and Laurens van
Heusden, commissary, whom we amicably request, authorize and empower to de-
cide and settle the aforesaid question as far as in their power lies, reserving the
action which the Fiscal may have against Oloff Stevensen.

Thus done in Fort Amsterdam the 11th of June Anno 1646.

The Honorable Director and Council to you. Reverend Bogardus, minister here.

Although the offer we have made your Reverence to submit our case to arbitra-
tion, as you have requested, sufficiently proves the justice of our proceedings and
the inclination we have for peace, as your refusal establishes the contrary; never-
theless the respect we bear the dignity of the ministry, and the desire for your
Reverence's welfare prompt [us] once more to seek it, seeing the opportunity that
now presents itself on the part of those whom we had nominated thereto; From the
ministers, Domine Johannes Megapolensis and Mr. Douthey, and such other Impar-
tial members as you yourself will be willing to select; protesting in case of refusal
that we shall proceed to judgment. And in order that we may with more fervour
pray God in the midst of the congregation that He would dispose you and our hearts
to a Christian concord, we request Domine Megapolensis may preach next Sunday,
as has been always his custom, and being here make us partakers of the gifts with
which God has blessed him. Your Reverence will please to gratify us so far in
this matter as that we may hear him on that occasion. Relying thereon, and not
doubting that your Reverence will have any objection to it seeing the justice of our
request, we shall await your Reverence's immediate answer thereto, and on the
preceding matter next Thursday, being the 14th of June. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv.
69, 70, 71, 72, 73.

OF THE State of New York. 201

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

1646, June 12th.
Rev. Henry Rntelius in the Chair.

The committee charged with calling a pastor for ]^ew I^ether-
land, had written, for this purpose, to Rev. Cornelius Vander
Poel, and Rev. Nicholas Ketelius. They requested their Rever-
ences either to appear here in person to confer with us by word
of mouth, or to make known their inclination in writing by June
11th. But they did not arrive nor did any letter. It was there-
fore resolved, since the matter is of a pressing nature, again to
write to them, and to request a speedy reply. This the Clerk
will do. XX. 163.

Remonstrance [Memorial] to the XIX.

Rev. Bantius was directed to draft these matters into a Remon-
strance to be sent to the Hon. Messrs. XIX ; also to draft a let-
ter to be sent to the churches in Brazil, xx. 154.

John Walraven.

1646, June 25th.

John Walraven who was to be recommended as schoolmaster
and voorleser to New Netherland appeared: The brethren, who
presented him, related the experience which befell them before
the Directors, namely; that the Directors, besides taking little
pleasure in his writing, denied (lit. ignored) that they had given
a commission to call a schoolmaster who should at the same time
be a voorleser. Thereupon we reminded them, that Isaac van
Beeck had recommended us thus to do. They then gave the
affair again in commission to certain gentlemen of their Assembly.
These informed us, in reply, that they were not accustomed to pay
n schoolmaster; but if he wished to journey thither as Siecken-
Trooster and voorleser and precentor in the church, that they
would accept him as such. They would then consent also to

1646

202 Ecclesiastical Records

maintain a school, and would give for this thirty six florins per
month; and that he would have to get along on this. This being
put before him, he declared that he was satisfied therewith, and
woidd go thither in such capacity. Thereupon the Assembly
resolved to examine him. In this examination, he bore himself
in such fashion that the Assembly judged him to be fit to be em-
ployed in said capacity, in the said locality. The Rev. Presi-
dent and Clerk were thereupon commissioned to recommend him
to the Messrs. Directors accordingly, xx. 154, 155.

1646, June 25th.
Rev. John Bantius in the Chair.

The brethren. Revs. Cornelius Vander Poel and Nicholas Ke-
telius appeared, in response to the letters addressed to them asking
them whether they felt inclined to go as preachers to ISTew aSTether-
land. Rev. Mr. Ketelius declared that he had a call to Moort in
the Classis of the Gouw, and thanked the brethren for their kind
interest. Rev, Mr. Vander Poel also declared that a call was
opened to him, which he would lay before the Classis of Gor-
chon on Monday, 25th inst. He did not know for a certainty,
whether it would be approved; but if there were any difficulty
in the matter, he would accept a call to ISTew Netherland. He
also requested the brethren to wait for him until he had been
before the Classis, and received this decision. As he has only
partially engaged himself in this call, he would let us know the
result by Tuesday or Wednesday, either by word of mouth, or
by letter. His request was granted. The meeting also resolved,
that should he appear in order to accept this call, the clerk, and
the Rev. Mr. Rutelius shall request their Excellencies, the Di-
rectors, to call him ; but in case he fail to appear. Rev. Mr. Cantius
shall have an interview with John Hormansen van Til, at Wesop,
who had previously requested to be examined and admitted to
licensure by our Classis, and to ascertain if he were willing to go
to New Netherland as pastor. Upon this we will take action
hereafter, xx. 155.

OF THE State of Xew York. 203

1646

ISTew ISTetherland.

(1646, July 9.)

The Rev. Depiitati ad res Indieas reported that the two breth-
ren, Keteliiis and van der Poel have been called to churches here
in this country, and that they cannot be made available for the
church in Brazil or ISTew Netherland. xxxix. 141.

Remonstrances to the XIX.

1646, July 9th.

A remonstrance [or Memorial] had been written on account
of the distresses in the Church in the West Indies. It had been
handed in to the Directors of the Assembly of the XIX, when
convened in Zeeland. There had also been a communication sent
to the church of Zeeland. iv. 391.

Remonstrance to the XIX, (or to the Executive Committee of
the West India Company; by the Classis of Amsterdam.)

1646, July 9.

Honorable, Wise, Prudent and Very (Estimable) Gentlemen : —

Inasmuch as the Classis of Amsterdam has hitherto adjudged
what is proper for the propagation of the Gospel and the salvation
of men, not only in her own home districts, but also among the
blind heathen, in lands under the jurisdiction of your Company,
seeking to build them up in sound doctrine and in truth: and
ever desirous to show also all due respect to your Honors : So that
same Classis in more recent times, is still seeking these same ends
in conjunction with your Company. Therefore, for the glory of
God, and with the most cordial good wishes for the prosperity of
your Company, she cannot neglect to make known to your Assem-
bly (of the XIX) those things which (being detrimental?) she
would rather have done by word of mouth. Nevertheless, because
of distance, she finds herself compelled to do the same in writing,
through her Deputies. The business consists principally of the
following items:

1646

204 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

I. First of all, we do not doubt but that it is well known to you,
how vigorously the churches in Brazil, both in their Acts and in
their letters, as well as the Classis of Amsterdam through her
Deputies, have hitherto complained of the licenses (for trade)
granted by you to the Jews, who are the sworn enemies of our
Lord Jesus Christ. "We perceive from the last Acts of (the Classis
of) Brazil, in Article nineteen, if we understand it correctly, that
no improvement, in regard to said licenses, has taken place; but
in addition thereto — and which fact grieves us not a little — it
has never hitherto been thought improper by the Hon. Company,
to grant to the Jews such liberty. And we conclude therefrom,
even as we also can gather from a certain concert (plan) concocted
by the Committee of the XIX, Art. 1041, that the Jews have also
been allowed the free exercise of their religion in Brazil, although
under some limitations. We submit to your consideration how
injurious such liberty granted to them, is to the Christian Re-
ligion. For what else can the heathen, and the newly converted
Christians in those regions conclude therefrom, than that our
continued zeal for the doctrine and the glory of our Savior (is
not sincere ?) ; besides, that Christianity and Judaism are not so
incompatible and antagonistic to each other as would appear from
the reading of the New Testament. Do we unite ourselves for
gome temporary gain, with such a sect, which so completely scorns
and slanders the Christian Religion ? and do we grant them free-
dom ? What ! shall we keep silent on such a matter ? Can your
Hon. Company expect it ? Does it not appear from the teaching
of our Redeemer, Matt. 6:33, where He commands us to seek
first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and then promises
us that all other things shall be added unto us — (that such union
is wrong?)

So also no pains have hitherto been spared either by ourselves
or by the churches of Brazil, to show your Estimables what mani-
fold acts of insolence spring up from your licensing Papists (to
trade in Brazil ?) ; and what great misfortunes may be expected

OF THE State of !N^e"w Yokk. 205

therefrom. We learn not only that such licenses still exist, but we
understand also, with pain of heart, from Art. 20, that the Hon.
XIX have resolved that Papists shall continue to enjoy the exer-
cise of their religion, as guaranteed to them by the compact. We
consider that the connivance (by the authorities here) at the as-
sembling of Papists here in Holland, to be the reason of their
perseverance in their blindness. Therefore, we are of opinion,
Hon. Gentlemen, and all pious ministers who have returned from
Brazil agree with us therein, that by these grants of freedom to
the Papists there, the door of their conversion has been closed.
He who builds up with one hand and breaks down with the other,
makes all his labor and expense come to naught. Let no one
hold such opinion at his peril. Let it be your aim to stand for the
exercise of no other religion (than the Reformed). All experience
teaches the danger of allowing liberty to Papists. What concord
hath Christ with Belial ? There can be as little agreement between
them as between light and darkness; and we hold it as certain
that unless your Assembly, (of the XIX), first and last, strive
earnestly for the true God and against all the idolatries of the
Papacy, God will arouse himself for the vindication of his own
glory, and do battle for the same, and not to our profit.

That your Estimables should imagine that you can keep their
insolence within due bounds by placing some limitations on them
(is a great mistake). Experience has already and for a long
time, taught us, that the Papacy cares not for limitations, and
keeps compacts made with it only so far as it suits them to main-
tain them ; and all this is done under the pretext that faith need not
be kept with heretics.

If now your Estimables will please to take some notice of their
own plans (concepts) for the year 1641, and what was considered
satisfactory to them then ; they will discover from the Acts of
the churches of Brazil, and especially from Art. 105 of the year
1644, and from the Acts of some preceding years, what is the
basis of these Articles, and that the most important ones of them

1646

206 Ecclesiastical Records

have for a long time been disregarded by the Papists. And inas-
much as, only recently, it was made as clear as day, how little
one can depend on compacts made with Papists : — We trust that
your Estimables, taking notice of their faithlessness, treacheiry,
perjury, riot and the murders committed by them, will deny them
in the future, all liberty, even in new territories which you con-
quer. Also that you will take heed with more Christian zeal to
the twelve grievances of the churches of Brazil, which are to be
found in Article 42. And besides all this, in the execution of
these things, take into proper consideration what is requested of
the same (churches in Brazil,) which are to be found in Article 37.
Por we judge that by these two suggestions, misfortunes experi-
enced can be remedied, and future evils averted.

II. In the second place, your Estimables are not unaware how
earnestly the churches of Brazil complain of the great scarcity
of ministers among them. Prom this circumstance they are still
suffering, having obtained no redress to their complaints. The
Gentlemen of the churches of Amsterdam have indicated to us,
from time to time, that they were not at fault, but had at their
charges a greater number of ministers than they needed to take,
according to a certain equalization made among the (five) Cham-
bers (of the West India Company). Furthermore the lack is
becoming more severely felt. Furthermore, they show in Article
49, that besides the English minister, and two ministers among
the Brazilians there, jSTetherland ministers should re-
main there ; yet of these, two were thinking of departing with the
fleet, as appears from Art. 58.

Your Estimables can and fairness, appreciate this

complaint, to wit: That it is not possible for so few ministers to
take care of so many places. Therefore we request with them,
and in their behalf, that they may be provided as speedily as
possible with a sufficient number of ministers, according to their
request in Art. 61 ; and especially, that they may not be compelled,
from the very necessity of the case, to make proponents and min-

OP THE State of New Yoke. 20T

isters for themselves. For this appears to have been done, ac-
cording to Articles 1, 4, 44. For your Estimables can easily under-
stand, that they are obliged there to take what they can. get, and
not what they wish.

We would also urge your Estimables to consider whether Guinea,
where Meyndert Hendrickse occupies the pastorate, and has made
a good beginning of a (congregation?) ought (not?) to be pro-
vided once more with a good minister ? Besides there is the addi-
tional request in Art. 45, in reference to schoolmasters and school-
mistresses, for the instruction of youth in the principal localities.

III. Thirdly, we cannot keep silence in regard to the govern-
ment of the churches in Brazil. Those churches formerly requested
from the Hon. XIX, and secured the right to divide the Classis
into two Classes, with the ultimate design of forming a Synod
with these two Classes. We cheerfully confess, Honorable Gen-
tlemen, that we were not able to guess what object they had in
view with such a plan ; much less could we see what apprehension
(benefit?) they could hope therefrom. But we could easily see
that instead, only discord and alienations would arise therefrom.
And now they themselves begin to fear these same things. They
are therefore themselves making request to restore their Assembly
back into a single Classis, which is to be the highest ecclesiastical
Assembly in Brazil. See Arts. Y, 8, 49. We trust that your Esti-
mables will not deny them so small a matter as this. It will pro-
duce no injustice, but promote better order, closer union among
the ministers there, and fewer difficulties for your Hon. Com-
pany.

Of a like nature is their request, to be allowed to correspond
with all the different Provincial Synods in this country (Hol-
land;) offering to send their (Ecclesiastical) Acts to all these
Synods, upon condition of receiving copies of theirs in return.
This action was taken in 1644, Art. 14. But such a course is
not necessary, and would certainly be productive of harm. We

208 Ecclesiastical Records

have, therefore, for important reasons, strongly advised against
such permission, as appears from Art. 24.

But inasmuch as, according to Art. 52, it appears that they
are determined to keep this matter open, (lit. to leave it in statu)
until the decision of the Hon. XIX, shall reach them: There-
fore it is our loving request, that your Estimables will he pleased
to allow the former custom to continue, namely ; that the churches
of your conquered territories, shall correspond only with those
Classes, within whose boundaries the Chambers of the Companies
are located ; for with such they are in closest communication, both
as to order, and church government. For out of such a widely
extended correspondence, nothing else could result than estrange-
ment in different matters, and very tardy help for the churches.
For gifts which are provided by many, would be slower than those
which are provided by a few.

And whereas it is sufficiently plain from their Ecclesiastical
Acts, that they are now mostly inclined to correspondence with
a single Synod (to correspondence on a single footing) ; and in-
asmuch as, in Art. 63, they make request only for the Acts of the
Synod of JSTorth Holland from 1640 to the present time (1046) ;
and, inasmuch as, before 1640, the Acts of that Synod (of North
Holland) were sent them, through the favor of your Estimables:
So we request that the same may thus be continued to be sent, and
which will furnish them all good aid in reference to matters of
church government.

IsTow all these things. Estimable, Wise and Prudent Gentlemen,
which are also especially important, we feel that we must make
known to your Estimables, in accordance with our commission.
We lay them before your Estimables by these presents. This is
done from a just zeal for the glory of God, and a sincere desire
for the prosperity of your Hon. Company. We trust that your
Estimables will regard them in no other light, and will receive
them in the fear of the Lord; and that you will render your de-
cision thereon, unto the glory of God's Holy l^ame and the best

or THE State of jSTew York. 209

interests of his Cliurch. We respectfully request that your Esti-
mables will let the churches of Brazil know of your reply, long
desired by them.

Trusting to such a result, (lit., leaving ourselves to this), we,
in the meantime, wish your Estimables the spirit of wisdom and
prudence and courage in your burdensome and anxious affairs.
We pray God to frustrate all evil machinations against your Hon.
Company, and follow up your good decision with his pure and
rich blessings; and that you may be a Wise Counselor for great
success and prosperity, to the glory of his great ISTame, through
Jesus Christ, iv. 391 ; xxxix. 141-143.

Commission of Petek Stuyvesant as Director General of
ISTew ISTethbrland.

1646, July 28.

From the Commissie-book of the States General in the Royal Ar-
chives at the Hague. Commission for Petrus Stuyvesant as
Director on the Coast of ISTew JSTetherland, as well as the Island
of Curacoa, and the places thereupon depending.

The States General of the United Netherlands to all those to
whom these Presents shall come, or who shall hear them read,
Health. BE IT KNOWN: Whereas We have deemed it ad-
visable for the advancement of the affairs of the General Incor-
porated West India Company, not only to maintain the trade and
population on the coast of New Netherland and the places situate
thereabout; also, the Islands Curacoa, Beimaire, Aruba and their
dependencies, which have hitherto been encouraged thither from
this country; but also to make new treaties and alliances with
foreign princes and to inflict as much injury as possible on the
enemy in his forts and strongholds, as well by sea as by land ;
for which purposes it becomes necessary to appoint a person Di-
rector; We, therefore, confiding in the probity and experience of
Petrus Stuyvesant, formerly entrusted with Our affairs in, and
the government of, the aforesaid Island of Curacoa and the places
14

1646

210 Ecclesiastical Records

thereon depending, We, being well pleased with his services there,
have commissioned and appointed, and by these presents do com-
mission and appoint the said Petrus Stuyvesant, Director in the
aforesaid countries of New !N^etherland, and the places thereunto
adjoining, together with the aforementioned Islands of Curacoa,
Beunaire, Aruba, and their dependencies; to administer, with
the Council as well now as hereafter appointed with him, the
said office of Director, both on water and on land, and in said
quality, to attend carefully to the advancement, promotion and
preservation of friendship, alliances, trade and commerce ; to di-
rect all matters appertaining to traffic and war, and to maintain,
in all things there, good order for the service of the United ITeth-
erlands and the General West India Company; to establish regu-
larity for the safeguard of the places and forts therein ; to admin-
ister law and justice as well civil as criminal; and, moreover, to
perfonn all that concerns his office and duties in accordance with
the Charter, and the general and particular instructions herewith
given, and to be hereafter given him, as a good and faithful
Director is bound and obliged, by his oath in Our hands to do;
Which done. We, therefore, order and command all other officers,
common soldiers, together with the inhabitants and natives resid-
ing in the aforesaid places as subjects, and all whom it may con-
cern, to acknowledge, respect and obey the said Petrus Stuyvesant
as Our Director in the countries and places of New Netherland,
and in the Islands of Curacao, Beunaire, Aruba, and their de-
pendencies, and to afford all help, countenance and assistance in
the performance of these things, as We have found the same to be
for the advantage of the Company. Done in Our Assembly at
the Hague, on the xxviii. July, 1646. — Col. Docs. i. 178.

Acts of the Classis of Amsteedam.

Extract.

1646. There were read by Rev. Mourcourtius the extracts re-
garding the affairs of the East and West Indian Churches, which

OF THE State of New York. 211

will be exhibited at the next meeting of Synod, iv. 394; xxxix.
143.

Acts of the Deputies.

Rev. Simon Welmerdonckius in the Chair.

1646, July 28th.

Whereas the two ministers, Revs. Ketelius and Van der Poel,
have declined accepting the proposed calls to I^ew IsTetherland,
both having received calls in this country, and have returned
their thanks to our Assembly; and as it has been understood from
their Excellencies, the Directors, that they will inquire of Rev.
Mr. Bogardus, who is still over there, whether he is not vailing
to remain: therefore the Assembly postpones this subject for the
present, xx. 157.

Synod of ISTgrth Holland, at Amsterdam.
Art. 22. Plan as to East and West India Affairs.

1646, Aug. 7 et seq.

Regarding Art. 20 (1645), touching the Plan as to the East
and West India Affairs: It is understood that the Rev. Synod
of Gelderland does not as yet accept that Plan; the Synod of
Utrecht accepts it, with the reservation that they may retain the
privilege of themselves directly presenting and recommending
ministers and siekentroosters to the Messrs. Directors. Those
of the Synod of Friesland, who heretofore were in harmony with
us, or at least acquiesced, now put forward the same obstacle as
those of the Synod of Utrecht. The Rev. Synod of Overyssel
persists in its former complaint, with especial protest against
all misfortunes which might arise on this account. Those of
the Synods of Groningen and Ommelanden, agreed before to the
Plan, and hold to it yet. Whereupon it was resolved to take up
this whole subject ad notam, and to inform the several Classes of
our Synod thereof, in order to see what further action must be
had in this matter; meantime the Rev. Deputati of our S}Tiod shall

1646

212 Ecclesiastical Records

also commimicate tlie same to the Eev. Deputati of South Hol-
land; and the Rev, Brethren ad correspondentias shall be charged
on this point to insist with all earnestness before the Synods ob-
jecting, and seek to induce them vnih good arguments, so that
by all means the proposed Plan may be accepted by all.

Article 23.

Arrived there (Brazil) Rev. Henricus Hermannius, minister
of Greuningen. Siekentroosters sent: Abraham Henrixse Duy-
senpoort, to Brazil; John Walraven, as siekentrooster and school
master to New Netherland.

Those of Hoom had nothing to report at present.

Those of Enkhuysen had only this; that by their Rev. Classis
had been sent during the current year, as Krankenbesoeker, to
Brazil, Eranciscus Henrixsen Huppelen.

ISTew ISTetherlaxd, Coverhstg the Years 1641-1646.

[This covers six years in the latter part of the ministry of Rev. Everardua
Bogardus, 1633-1647. — From the Journal of New Netherland.]

There is first given a description of the country, as to its location, geographical
features, climate, animals, and native inhabitants. Concerning the natives, the
following is said:

" The Indians are of ordinary stature, strong and broad shouldered; olive color,
light and nimble of foot, subtle in disposition, of few words, which they previously
well consider; hypocritical, treacherous, vindictive, brave and pertinacious in self
defense; in time of need, resolute to die. They seem to despise all the torments
that can be Inflicted on them, and do not utter a single moan; they go almost
naked, except a flap which hangs before their nakedness; and on their shoulders
a deer skin, or a mantle, a fathom square, of woven turkey feathers, or of peltrlea
sewed together; they make use now generally of blue or red (duffels), in conse-
quence of the frequent visits of the Christians. In winter they make shoes of
deer skin, manufactured after their fashion. Except their chiefs, they have gen-
erally but one wife whom they frequently change according to caprice; she must
do all the work, plant corn and cut wood, and attend to whatever else is to be
done. The Indians are divided Into various nations. They differ even in language,
which would be altogether too long to be related in this brief space. They dwell
together, mostly from friendship, in tribes commanded by a chief, who Is the
General, and usually called Sackema; he does not possess much authority and
but little distinction, unless in their dances and other ceremonies. They have
hardly any knowledge of God; no Divine Worship, no law, no justice; the strongest
does what he pleases, and the young men are masters. Their weapons are the
bow and arrow, in the use of which they are wonderful adepts. Hunting and
flshiug, in addition to the maize which the women plant, furnish them food."

Then follows a General Review of the Dutch Colony from 1623-1641; by whom,.
and how, it was peopled.

OF THE State of Xew Yoek. 213

" The subjects of the Lords States General, had frequented this country a long
time ago, solely for the purpose of the fur trade. Since the year 1623, the In-
corporated West India Company caused four forts to be erected, two on the River
Mauritius, and one on each side of the others; the largest, which their Honors
named New Amsterdam, stands on the point formed by the Mauritius and the
other river already mentioned; six and thirty (Dutch) miles higher up, is another
fort called Orange; that on the South river is named Nassau w; and that on the
Fresh r'ver, the Good Hope; in which the Company hath since continually main-
tained garrisons. In the beginning, their Honors sent thither a certain number
of settlers, and caused to be erected at great expense, three saw mills, which never
realized any profit of consequence, on account of their great charge; a great deal
<of money was also expended for the advancement of the country, but it never
began to be settled until every one was permitted to trade with the Indians, inas-
much as, up to that time, no one calculated to remain there longer than the ex-
piration of his bounden time, and therefore did not apply himself to agriculture;
yea, even the Colonic of Renselaerswyck was of little consequence. But as soon
as the ti'ade was opened, many servants who had prospered under the Company
applied for their discharge, built houses and formed plantations, spread themselves
far and wide, each seeking the best land, and to be nearest to the Indians, in order
thus to trade with them advantageously; others bought sloops with which to sell
goods at the north and at the south, and as the Directors gave free passage from
Holland thither, that also caused many to come. On the other hand, the English
came both from Virginia and New England, on account of the good opportunity
to plant tobacco here; first, divers servants, whose time had expired; afterwards,
families, and finally, entire colonies, having been forced to quit that place. In
order to enjoy freedom of conscience, and to escape from the insupportable gov-
ernment of New England; and because many more commodities were to be ob-
tained here and there; so that in place of seven bouweries and two and three
plantations which were here, thirty bouweries were to be seen as well cultivated
and stocked as in Europe, (and) one hundred plantations which, In two or three
(years) would become regular bouweries; for after the tobacco was out of the
ground, corn was planted there without ploughing, and the winter was employed
preparing new lands. The English colonies had settled under us by patent on
equal terms with the others. Each of these was In appearance not less than one
hundred families strong, exclusive of the Colonic of Reusseiaerswyck, which is
prospering, with that of Myndert Meyndcrtsz and Cornells Melyn, who began first.
Also the village of New Amsterdam around the fort, one hundred families, so fhat
there was appearance of producing supplies in a year for fourteen thousand souls,
without straightening the country, and had there not been a want of laborers or
farm servants, twice as much could be raised, considering that fifty lasts of rye
and fifty lasts of peas were still remaining around the fort, after a large quantity
had been burnt and destroyed by the Indians, who in a short time quickly brought
this country to nought and had well nigh destroyed this bright hope, in the manner
following."

Then comes an account of the Causes and Consequences of the New Netherland
War; pages, 181-8. (For this, see also O'Callaghan and Brodhead.) A series of
papers followed this, marked from A to R, relating to the condition of New
Netherland, 1643-1G47. Among these occur several series of questions, under M.,
addressed to different officials, about the origin of the War. The following were
addressed to Domlne Bogardus:

Interrogatories for the Reverend Everardus Bogardue, Minister of the flock of
Jesus Christ here on the Manhatans. p. 200.

Article 1.

Was not your Reverence in the room with the late Director General Kleft when
the three men, namely, Maryn Adriaensen, Jan Claessen Daom, and Abram

1646

214 Ecclesiastical Records

Planck, presented their petition respecting the demand for the war against the
Natives?

Article 2.
Is the conversation between Mr. Kieft and the three men on that occasion still
fresh In your Reverence's memory?

Article 3.
Can he, the witness, conscientiously and solemnly declare before God, verbally
or In writing, all that then transpired in the room, between these five persons,
respecting the War? — Doc. Hist. N. Y. iv. 4-11; Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 179-188.

Order Directing the Rev. Everardus Bogardus to deliver to the Council a Bill of
Exchange, given by the Swedish Governor at the South River for goods sold
there by one Sandelyn contrary to Law. Sept. 21, 1646.

Whereas the Honorable Director General and Council of New Netherland have
received certain Information, that Jacob Evertsen Sandelyn, master of the Ship
" Scotch Dutchman " has, without order and commission from the Incorporated
West India Company, Department of Amsterdam, come into the South River of
New Netherland with the aforesaid ship and there sold a parcel of duffel cloth
and other goods to the Swedish Governor, for which he has received from said
Governor a bill of exchange amounting to the sum of twenty five hundred guilders,
which bill of exchange and letter of advice have been handed by Laurens Laurensen
from Vleckeren to Everardus Bogardus, minister here, to be transmitted to Holland
and whereas this tends to the great prejudice of the Company and the serious
injury of this country. We therefore hereby order said Bogardus to deliver up
immediately into our hands the abovementioned bill handed him by Laurens
Laurensen or to declare into whose hands he has delivered it. In default thereof
said Bogardus shall be held responsible for all damages and losses, which the
Honorable Company shall suffer hereby and be considered an accessory of those,
who endeavour to defraud the Honorable Company of its revenue and seek to ruin
the country.

Thus done in Council in Fort Amsterdam In New Netherland, the 21st of Sep-
tember Anno 1646.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xil. 26, 27.

FATHER JOGUES.— HIS DEATH.

1646, May 16.

Father Jogues remained but a few months in his native country. On his return
to Canada, he was commissioned by the Governor of that province to proceed to
the Mohawks, to congratulate that tribe on the conclusion of a recently negotr&ted
treaty. He sat out with some Indians for the scene of his former sufferings in com-
pany with Sleur Bourdon, royal engineer, and arrived on the festival of Corpus
Christi, at Lake Andiatorocte, to which, in honor of the day, he gave the name of
the Lake of the Blessed Sacrament. Embarking, soon after, on the waters of
Ologue, (" called by the Dutch the River Mauritius,") they at length arrived at
Fort Orange, June 4, where they were most hospitibly received, and after a short
sojourn proceeded to Oneugioure. the first castle of the Mohawks. Presents were
here exchanged in ratification of the peace; the French received every assurance
of future welcome, and took their leave June 16, much gratified at the friendly
manner In which they had been treated.

Encouraged now by the hope that a way was at length open for the light of
Christianity. Jogues again returned to the Mohawk country. Superstition, the hand-
maid of ignorance, was busy in the meantime arousing the prejudice of the savages
against him. At his departure in June he left with his hosts, as a guarantee of his
return, a small box containing some necessaries for which he should have occasion.

/-''// 4 1

Fathku Isaac Jogues.

THE NEW YORK]

PUBLIC LIBRARY. I

TlLOaN FOU^;D^T10^i3.

OF THE State of New York. 215

sickness unfortunately broke out during his absence among the tribe, and the worm
destroyed their harvest. They became now convinced that he had left the Evil One
in that box, and on his re-appearance among them, they stripped him of his clothing,
Oct. 17, beat him with heavy clubs, and, as he was entering a wigwam to supper,
he was treacherously felled with an axe, his head cut off and stuck on the palisades,
and his sainted body flung into the river, Oct. 18. The Mohawk country is known
since In Catholic annals as " The Mission of the Martyrs."* — O'Callaghan, ii. 299,
■^00.

Note of Hand to the Deacons of the Church of Rensselaerswyck, Anno 1647.

I, the undersigned, Anthonie de Hooges, have, on the part of the Noble Patroon
of the Colonie Rensselaerswyck, borrowed from the Diaconie of the aforesaid
place, for the term of one year, to be repaid in cash, at the option of the lenders,
with ten per cent interest per annum, the sum of three hundred guilders in seawan,
whereof one hundred and twenty is in ordinary seawan, promising thankfully to
produce at the aforesaid time, in stated specie aforesaid, to the Diaconie of the
aforesaid place. In testimony whereof, have I subscribed this Acte with mine
own hand. Actum R. Wyck, 9tb May, 1647.— O'Caliaghan's History of New
Netherland, Vol. i. 471.

♦ Relation, 1645-6., 59; lb. 1647., 6, 7, 125, 127, 128; Creuxius, 457. Father Jogneft*
Missal, Ritual, and a few of his clothes, were afterwards presented by the savages
to the Rev. Mr. Megapolensie.

1646

1647-
1664

216 Ecclesiastical Records

ADMINISTEATION OF PETER STUYVESANT.

May 11, 1647 — 1664, Sept. 5.

Resignation of Rev. Evekaedus Bogakdus.

Note of Valentine on Bogardus. — Everardus Bogardus, domine, the first estab-
lished clergyman In this city, arrived here in 1633. A church, constructed of wood,
was erected for him on the present north side of Pearl street, between Whitehall
and Broad streets. This edifice being exposed to an assault, should the Indians
surprise the community while at their devotions, was abandoned in the time of the
Indian War of 1642, at which time a church was erected within the walls of the
fort, where Domine Bogardus afterwards officiated. He married in this city the
widow of Roelof Jansen, one of the earliest settlers. This lady owned, in right of
her former husband, a farm on the North river, in the neigljborhood of the present
Canal street, containing sixty two acres, which had been granted to Mr. Jansen Jn
1638. At the time of her marriage to Domine Bogardus she had four children, and
by Domine Bogardus she had also four children. This farm was, in the year 1671,
conveyed by the heirs, with the exception of one of her sons, Cornelius, to Governor
Lovelace, and became afterwards the property of Trinity Church. Her son Cor-
nelius, not having joined in the conveyance, his heirs claim one eighth interest In
this valuable property, which has been the subject of litigation for many years, and
is well known as the "Anneke Jans' suit ". The residence of Domine Bogardus in
this city was on the present V/hitehall street, east side, between Bridge and Stone
streets. Having embarked on board the ship Princess in the year 1647, on a visit
to his fatherland, the vessel was cast away on the English coast, and Mr. Bogardus,
with more than eighty others, perished. He was succeeded in the pastoral charge of
the Dutch congregation in this city by the Rev. Johannes Backerus. It was to be re-
marked that the original name of the family was Bogart or Bogaert, the termina-
tion us, assumed by him being then a common custom among clergymen and other
professors of learning, as giving a classical distinction to the ordinary name. The
name of his successor was originally " Backer ", or it would be called In English,
the Rev. John Baker. Subsequently, in this city, the Rev. Messrs. Megapolensis,
Drlseius, Sellnus and others, held the pastoral charge of the congregation. — Valen-
tine's New York, pp. 131-133.

1647.

Note of O'Callaghan on the times. — " Where the shepherd errs the sheep
go astray." Drunkenness and broils were of common occurrence. The people were
" without discipline, and approaching to a savage state." " A fourth part of the
city of New Amsterdam consisted of grogshops and houses where nothing Is to be
got but tobacco and beer." Religion and education felt the baneful effects of these
evil influences. The church which had been commenced in 1642, remained still un-
finished, as if the country were without timber or a sawmill. The Director General
being distressed for money, applied to his own use the fines and forfeitures which
had been appropriated to aid the completion of this sacred edifice.*

In the meanwhile no efforts were made to convert the heathen, between whom
and the settlers an unlicensed intercourse generally prevailed. And, though a col-
lege had been founded in Massachusetts some nine years before, the authorities of

• Alb. Rec. 11.. 160, 190, 262, 369; Iv., 1; vil., 2S, 29, 38, 300. Van der Donck's Ver-
toogh, c. xi. Wei is waer dat den Directeur Kieft, verlegen synde om gelt, in syn
buys hadde hangen een bos, daer de Dlakenen een sleutel van hadden, daerln alle
cle'yne breuken en boeten, die op de rechtdagen voor vielen gesteken waren; met
kennisse van de diaconen heeft geopent, en 't ^'elt dat een moye somme was, op
intresr genomen. — Van Tienhoveu Cort Bericht.

OF THE State of ISTew York. 217

New Netherland made little or no effort, up to this time, to establish a common
primary school In any part of this country. Some subscriptions had been entered
into by the commonalty for the purpose of erecting a school-house In New Amster-
dam, but their funds were also misappropriated, and this laudable undertaking
failed in consequence.

Such was the state of disorganization into which the public affairs had fallen,
when General Petrus Stuyvesant assumed the government of New Netherland. —
O'Callaghau's History of New Netherland, Vol. 1. 395, 396.

Death of Rev. Everardus Bogardus.

1647.

Having thus triumphed, and achieved what he considered ample vengeance over
his enemies, Kleft prepared to depart for Fatherland. The Rev. Everardus Bogar-
dus had already resigned his office as pastor of New Anasterdam, and had obtained
permission to return home, and Fiscal Van der Huyghens was about to accompany
his late chief. They embarlied in the Princess, Kleft taking with him specimens
of his tested minerals, and a cargo estimated at twenty thousand pounds. On the
passage home, the mariners mistook the channel, entered the Severn, and were cast
away on the coast of Wales, near Swansea. Eighty one souls, men, women, and
children, perished in that unfortunate vessel, and of the cargo nothing was saved
but a few furs. " I told Wlliem Kieft," said De Vries, in 1643, " that I doubted
not that vengeance for the Innocent blood which he had shed in his murderings,
would, sooner or later, come on his head." This prophecy was fulfllleu with awful
precision, overwhelming alike friend and foe, the innocent and the guilty. Kleft,
Van der Huyghens, and Bogardus perished in this dreadful shipwreck; the last
mentioned leaving a widow and a large family to lament his loss.

A misfortune so terrible, might be expected to have excited sympathy and sorrow
In all hearts. But strange as it may seem, all looked upon Kieft's death as an act
of retributive justice. In New England, it was considered " that the solemn provi-
dence of God had appeared therein, to bear witness against those who had so many
years injured his own people in those parts, which some could not pass by without
due acknowledgment and observation." He sunk into his watery grave, unlamented
even by those in whose service he had passed ten years, who now were of opinion,
that it had been better had he been obliged, by himself or his friends, to Justify
h!s conduct.

The vacancy created in the ministry, by the retirement of Domine Bogardus, wa3
flUed by the appointment of the Rev. Johannes Backerus, formerly pastor at Cura-
coa. The salary of this clergyman was one hundred guilders per month, and two
hundred guilders per annum for board, a stipend equal to five hundred and sixty
dollars. With all this he was still unwilling to remain. He had, therefore, the
promise that another minister should be appointed in his place, if his Indisposition
to remain In the county continued. But If the Director should not deem his removal
advisable, then his allowance for board was to be increased. — O'Callaghan's His-
tory of New Netherland, Vol. 11. 34, 35, 36.

Note on Annetje Jans, widow of domine Bogardus. — Annetje Jans, widow of
Domine Bogardus, survived her husband nearly sixteen years. She died In Bever-
wyck, in 1663. She had by her first marriage, Sarah RoeloCfsen, (who married Sur-
geon Hans Kierstede;) Catrlna Roeloffsen, (who married Johannes Van Burgh;)
Fytje Roeloffsen, (who married Pieter Hartgers;) and one son, Jan, unmarried
at his mother's death. By her second husband, she had Willem, Cornells,
Jonas, and Pieter Bogardus. All her property real and personal, was by
will, (dated 29th January, 1663, and of record In the original Dutch in Albany,)
divided equally among her children, on condition that the four first named should
receive one thousand guilders from the proceeds of the farm which she owned on
the North River, Manhattan Island. This farm, called " the Domlne's Bowerv."
contained sixty two acres, and was granted originally to Roeloff Jansen, in 1636,

1647

218 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

conflriued to his widow and heirs in 1654, and again to the latter, in 1667. On the
9th March, 1671, Wlllem Bogardus, for himself and brothers, Jan and Jonas, and
two of Annetje Jans' sons-in-law, (acting in right of their wives, and by assignment
of Peter Bogardus,) conveyed this Bowery to Col. Francis Lovelace, then Governor
of New York, from whom, it is inferred, the title passed to the Duke of York and
the Crown, after which, it formed part of what was, successively, called " the
Duke's Farm," " the King's Farm," and " the Queen's Farm." In the year 1705,
this last was conveyed by Letters Patent, under the great seal of the province, to
the Corporation of Trinity Church, New York, in whose possession it has since, for
the most part, been. The Bogardus Farm, or the Domine's Bowery, extended from
a line a little south of the present Warren Street, forming an irregular triangle,
having its base on the River, running, however, along Broadway, only from Warren
to Duane. Cornells Bogardus, third son of Annetje Jans, not having been a party
to the conveyance to Governor Lovelace, his heirs claim a share of this extensive
property; the prosecution of which has formed t&e subject of various, though un-
successful suits In Chancery against the Church. (Paige's Chan. Reports, iv. 178;
Opinion of the Hon. Vice Chan. Sanford in re Bogardus et al. vs. Trinity Church;
New York, 1847, 8vo. pp. 40.) The Rev. Domine Bogardus held a tract of land also
on the north side of Mespath's Kill, L. I., which went by the name of " Domine's
Hook." The heirs sold this farm in 1668, to one John Sharp, for seven thousand
nine hundred and fifty guilders. — O'Callaghan's History of New Netherland, Vol.
il. 35.

Synod of North Holland, at Hoorn.

Art. 17. East and West India Affairs.

1647, Aug. 12 et seq.

Regarding tlie twenty second article, (1646) reciting at leng-th
the Plan as to the East and West Indian Affairs, as well as the
acceptance of it by other corresponding Synods, it was under-
stood after an elaborate explanation (openinge) that we will for
reasons abide by the said Plan. Meantime we will try to induce
all the objecting Synods to accept of the said Plan, at some time
or other.

(The following item relating to Brazil is important because
about this time (1647) Dutch authority and colonizing was break-
ing up there, by reason of Portugal's restoration as an independ-
ent Kingdom ; and the scattering of churches and preachers must
have had a bearing on ecclesiastical events in New Netherland.)

Art. 39. West Indies.

Extracts from a letter from Brazil, June 10th, 1646.

They complain greatly of the great burdens and anxiety which
they have suffered during this revolt, (the return of the Portu-
guese to power.)

OF THE State of Xew York. 219

Thej show by what sort of management they have acquitted
themselves in the support of poor and ailing persons. They
request also that some aid be given to the poor Bra2dlians, who
gave them good assistance during this war: and that a collection
should be taken up for that purpose, to be sent over at the earliest
opportunity, in order to recompense the loyalty of the Brazilians,
to encourage them in the faith, and to keep them friendly. They
request grave (deftige) ministers, particularly, to be employed
in the church on the SeciCe.

They have united their two Classes into one, and request the
approval thereof by the gentlemen of the Nineteen.

This past year, on account of the troubles, neither ministers nor
siekentroosters have been sent thither.

Art. 41. Rev. Grasmeer; Graftdyck.
Rev. William Grasmeer, minister at Graftdyck, with his elder,
showed the pressing necessity for the building of their preach-
ing-houses or churches, in two distant neighborhoods. He re-
quests of this Synod favor and recommendation to the several
Classes for the furtherance of so pious a work. At the same
time a statement was made as to the special work of edification
there^, through the blessing of the Lord, in a very zealous, al-
though a newly organized church. Also its condition of poverty,
but none the less its liberality towards the said work were also
learned; and also that the churches of the Classis of Alkmaer,
to which it belongs, has generously contributed their share.
Wherefore it was unanimously agreed by the several Classes to
recommend this request favorably, to each church within its o^vn
bounds, and as far as in them lies, to facilitate it.

Classis of Amsterdam.
Acts of the Deputies. Points for Remonstrance [or Memorial.]

1647, Sept. 16th.
The points were read which will be laid before the Assemblies
of the XVIT and XIX. The matter shall be attended to by Rev.
Wilmerdonck and the Clerk.

1647

220 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

The points to form the basis of Eemonstrance to the East
India Company, or the XVII, are as follows:

Whereas the lack of ministers in the East Indies is great, and
next year six are about to depart thence, whose years of engageh
ment have expired: It is therefore requested by the Classis of
Amsterdam in the name of the Churches in the East Indies, that
a good and sufficient number of ministers may still be sent thither,
who could serve the churches in the Indies unto their further up-
building in Christianity.

And in order the better to induce the ministers who have some
inclination to go thither, it is requested in the name of our
Classis: That the widows of ministers who die in the employ of
the Messrs. Directors may be provided with a certain amount
of salary during their condition as widows.

Inasmuch as nothing is more favorable to edification among
populations of foreign tongues, than that ministers make rather
a prolonged stay in foreign lands, in order not only that they
may learn the languages, but may perform evident and recog-
nizable good ser\dces among them: We therefore suggest to
the Hon. Gentlemen, whether the best means thereunto be not
these: That the ministers in the East Indies be given such
salaries that they would not only be glad to stay there for five
years, but even for ten years, or more; that thus they might joy-
fully and eagerly perform the duties of their office there. Such
salary (inducements?) we judge to consist not only in this, that
they are honorably recognized, in accordance with the admonition
of Paul in 1 Thess. 5:12; "We besceech you, brethren, to know
(recognize) them which labor among you, and are over you in
the Lord, and admonish you; and to esteem them very highly in

OF THE State of E^ew Yoek. 221

love for their work's sake"; but, in addition, that they shall not
be compelled to adjust themselves to another form of church
government than that which they have here in this country.
For they should be one with us, as in doctrines so in government.
And, finally, that they be not disappointed in the expectation of
those conditions, which, besides the building up of the Church
of God, have invited them thither; namely, that they shall find
yonder a free dwelling, or at least sufficient housing, monthly
payments, and all such things as make their salary full and
complete.

IV.

The Rev. Vertrecht, minister at Banda, exhibits the hope of
edification among the people of the newly discovered islands to
the east and south of Banda. Request is accordingly made that
religion may be planted there, and that Rev. Vertrecht be em-
ployed for the furtherance of that important work.

The Consistory of Batavia complains of the great necessities
of the poor there, and requests that the legacies made for the
poor at Batavia may be exhibited, (spread out) and that they
may come safely to hand.

VI.

Requests are to be made for some books which may be useful
in the churches and schools; indicating also the list (register) to
be sent over:

Also certain books which might be printed, or be reprinted,
as follows:

1. Some Psalms in Malay; some in Portuguese, as arranged by
Abraham Rogerin, sent over in the year 1644.

2. The question book of Aldegonde, and the Small Cate-
chism; to which were added by Mr. Biers the passages in the
scriptures, translated into Portuguese, sent over in Anno 1645.

3. The Malay Postilla, entitled " Amput Bias ", sent over in
1646.

164 r

1647

222 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

4. That the " Dictionariiim Danskar " be reprinted; and that
Rev. Hurmius be requested to add some " vocabula " to it.

VII.

That Rev. Cornelius Geeftdoop, proponent in Sacred Theology,
is inclined to employ his gifts in the service of God's Church
in the East Indies; but as he is rather young yet, and ought to
have some more study for preaching, the Hon. Messrs. Directors
are to be asked, if for a year or two he may not enjoy some sub-
sidy, so as to carry his studies to further increase and maturity
and then let him be employed as minister in the East Indies, xx.
183, 185.

Points for the West India Company, the XIX.

The following are the points, which shall be made the basis
of a remonstrance (or Memorial) to the West India Company.

Inasmuch as the number of ministers in Brazil, both by reason
of death and of departure to the Fatherland, has greatly de-
creased; and also many of the Siecken-Troosters have gone away;
that request be made for a larger number of ministers, and five
or six more good men as Krankbezoekers.

That in the Classis of Brazil, which now by order of the
Assembly of the XIX is no longer to be called a Synod, but only
a Classis, the session of " Politicals " therein may cease, in ac-
cordance with the practice of all the Classes in the Fatherland;
and that this continue until the churches increase, and are divided
into several Classes, and a Synod be organized out of these: in
this Synod, then, even as in the home country the High Author-
ity (civil power) may have its seat.

III.

As correspondence with all the Synods is impracticable, and
the Classis of Brazil now judges, Art. 9, session 3, that it would

OF THE State of 'N'ew York. 223

be harmful to its churches; request is to be made not to accede
to such a proposal of correspondence.

IV.

Eequest is to be made that the Acta of the jSTorth Holland
Synod, from the year 1640 down, as desired by the Kev. Breth-
ren in Brazil, be copied, and sent to them, at the charges of the
Company.

That the Jews be checked in their insolence, and the Papists
in their liberty; referring to the 2nd Article, session 7, and the
3rd Article, session 9.

VI.

That the church on the Recife, [Part of the Capital of Brazil,]
has need of an English preacher, unless the brethren of Zeeland
have already provided for this: request is also made for a preacher,
who can officiate in the German and French languages.

vn.

Rev. James Burg, minister at San Paulo Loando, asks for his
dismissal because the years of his engagement have expired.
This has been granted him by the Classis. The Hon. Gentlemen
are requested to consent to the looking out for another minister
in his place who may be sent thither.

VIII.

Also that Guinea, where now for three years no minister has
been, may be provided with a good minister.

IX.

That the Brazilians, faithful servants of the Company, be given
money, (subsidized,) and be offered the helping hand, both by
the Company, and by the other Classes, in their necessities and
impoverished nakedness, xx. 185, 186.

1647

224 Ecclesiastical Records

Election" of the IsTine Representatives.
Extract from Stiiyresant's Charter as to Religions.

1647, Sept. 22.

" Whereas, We desire nothing more than that the government of New Nether-
land, entrusted to our care, and principaily New Amsterdam, our capital and
residence, might continue and increase in good order, justice and police, population,
prosperity and mutual harmony, and be provided with strong fortifications, a
church, a school, trading place, harbor and similar highly necessary public edifices
and improvements, for which end We are desirous of obtaining the assistance of
our whole commonalty, as nothing is better adapted to promote their own welfare
and comfort, and as such is required in every well regulated government.

I. As good and faithful Interlocutors and Trustees of the Commonalty, they
shall endeavor to exert themselves to promote the honor of God, and the welfare
of our dear Fatherland, to the best advantage of the Company, and the prosperity
of our good citizens; to the preservation of the pure Reformed Religion as it here,
and in the Churches of the Netherlands, is inculcated. — O'Callaghan's History of
New Netherland, Vol. ii. 37, 38.

Memorial to the XIX.

1647, Oct. 28th.

These points which are memorialized to the Assembly of the
XIX, and the resolutions required; also those things which are
resolved by both the East and West India Companies, — are to
be taken in copies. These are to be inserted in the Classical
book, and the principal points shall be annexed to the East and
West India letters, xx. 191.

Improvements Suggested as to Church and School.

1647.

Having thus organized this popular body, with a view to exercise a more
powerful influence over the inhabitants, whose co-operation he required in carry-
ing out the orders of his superiors, Director Stuyvesant lost no time In calling
their special attention to the condition of the fort and of the church, to the state
of public education in New Amsterdam, as well as to the mean appearance of the
city itself. The greater part of the houses were built of wood and covered with
straw; many of the chimnies were also of wood, all of which circumstances con-
tributed greatly to endanger the public safety. The education of the children had
of late been neglected altogether, and owing to the want of proper accommoda-
tions, no school had been kept for three months.

The " Nine Men," representing Manhattan, Breukelen, Amersfoort, and Pavonia,
were therefore summoned to deliberate with the Director General, on these various
and important questions.

He (Stuyvesant) communicated, 'at the same time, his consent to defray, on be-
half of the Company, a portion of the expenses, necessary for the encouragement

OF THE State of ISTew Yoek. 225

of education, and to continue such assistance in future, " to promote tlie glorious
worlj." Meanwhile, he Informed them, that a convenient place for a school house
and dwelling for the Schoolmaster, would be provided for the winter, either in one
of the out-houses belonging to the Fiscal's department, which the Director Gen-
eral would prefer, or any other suitable place that the deacons of the church
might approve. He recommended them to make proper regulations for the pre-
vention of flres, and reverted particularly to the necessity of completing the
church, which Kieft had commenced five years before, and which remained still
unfinished.

The arrangements for public education and for completing the church met with
no objection, but the plan for repairing the fortifications was absolutely con-
demned.— O'Callaghan's History of New Netherland, Vol. 11. 41, 42.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acta of the Deputies. Henrj Dries (Drisius).

1647, Oct. 28tli.

Henry Dries* having good witness among the brethren, whereof
he shall bring evidence, read and sang, and gave the brethren
complete satisfaction therein. They are therefore disposed to
advance him, at his request, in the capacity of Krankbezoeker;
but inasmuch as at present he intends to take a voyage, he shall
be attended to on his return, in the future, xx. 191.

Letters to the East and "West Indies.

1647, Nov. 26th.

The letters to be sent to the East and West Indies were read;
one to the Consistory at Bata via; onetoBanda; one to Amboyna;
and also a letter to Brazil. These w^ere all approved by the
brethren, xx. 192.

Rev. Simon Welmerdonckius in the Chair.

1648, Jan. 27th.

Rev. John Megapolensis, Jr., pastor at Rentselaerswyck in
New Netherland, requests his dismissal: the brethren in the city
will confer Avith the executors of Rentselaer, and his widow.
XX. 193.

* Probably a relative of Rev. Samuel Drisius of New York.
15

226 Ecclesiastical Records

Adrian Cornelisse; (John Backerus.)

1648,* Jan. 27tb.

Adrian Cornelisse — the brother of Rev. John Backerus who
has been minister at Curacoa and who has now arrived with
Director Stujvesant in jSTew ISTetherland — makes known that his
brother has written for his dismissaL The letters, however, had
been delayed on account of the ship-wreck. He now presents
himself in the name of his brother, to ask for his dismissaL He
was answered, that so far as lieth in us, we shall seek to procure
his dismissal. We hope to succeed, especially as it is understood
that the Messrs. Directors are much inclined to call Rev. John
Megapolensis from Rensselaerswyck in IsTew ISTetherland, (to Man-
hattan). This shall be made known to Classis, and its advice
sought. XX. 193.

Ordee of Council ox an Application of the Town of Flush-
ing FOR A Minister.

On the first of February, 1648.

William Harck, Sheriff at Flushing, and his associates, appeared in Council and
request that the Honorable Director General and Council would favor them with
a pious, learned and reformed minister; and then order that each inhabitant should
contribute to such godly work according to his ability, and that an end be put to
the present differences in a manner, that shall promote peace, quietness and
unanimity in said town, and that they jointly may live under the protection of
their High Mightinesses, his Highness of Orange, the Honorable Lords Directors,
and the present administration here.

Thomas Sael, John Laurence and William Turner, the opposite party, thereto
delegated by the remainder of their side, request the same as the sheriff and hla
associates abovementioned have asked.

The above parties having been heard in Council and the justness of their re-
quest being seen, the Honorable Director General and Council resolve to enact
such order on their application and request as shall be found to promote peace,
union and tranquility both in ecclesiastical and civil affairs. — Col. Docs. N. Y.
xlv. 82.

• This was the year and the month of the Peace of Westphalia, and the end of
" The Eighty Years War ". Bogardus left Manhattan with Kieft, in 1647, and
this vessel was lost off the coast of Wales. These letters seem to have been on
this ship. John Backerus has generally been known heretofore, without the
middle name of Cornelius but these many notes show, that Cornelius was his
father's name, and therefore, according to custom, his middle name.

OF THE State of ISTew York. 227

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Backerus requests to East Indies. — Letter from ]^ew

JSTetherland. Rev. Megapolensis.

1648, Feb. 10th.
There was also read to the meeting hj the Kev. Deputies, a
letter which had arrived from 'New JSTetherland, from John Mega-
polensis, minister at Rensselaer's "Wyck. He requested two
things :

1. His dismission, as his term of six years will soon have ex-
pired.

2. The procurement of another capable person in his place.
Three matters were left in the charge of the Rev. Deputies to

further, so far as lay in their power, in the best manner possible:

1. To request a dismission of Rev. Backerus.

2. That Rev. Megapolensis be transferred to Manhattan.

3. That John Hermanren of Til (Thiel, in Gelderland) be
sounded in regard to his going to Rensselaer's Wyck. They
should first confer carefully on this matter with the patroons (of
Rensselaer's Wyck) regarding the salary, and the whole business.
V. 67; xxxix. 177.*

Rev, Peter "Wittenwrougel in the Chair.

1648, Feb. 24th.
The Rev. President reported that the widow Rentselaer and
the executors had been consulted in reference to the case of Meg-
apolensis; but there seemed little likelihood that another pastor
would be settled there. They must first receive communications
from the Colony, and this would be too much trouble to the afore-
said widow. XX. 194.

1648

* Last extract from Vol. xxxlx.

1648

228 Ecclesiastical Records

Rev. John Van Sauen in the Chair.

1648, April 7th [or 27].

The clerk reported that at the instance of Classis, he had writ-
ten to Rev. John Megapolensis, pastor in the colony of Renselaers-
wyck, and that he would copy the letter and place it in the minute
book. XX. 198.

1648, April 7th.

Rev. (John) Megapolensis, pastor at Renselaer'swyck, having
requested his dismission, to return to his Fatherland, the Rev.
Brethren, Deputati ad res Indicas, will seek to encourage him to
remain; and in case of failure, to secure the appointment, if pos-
sible, of another in his place, xxvi. 1.

(This and several subsequent items of the Acts of the Classis
proper, were entered by mistake in the Volumes of Correspond-
ence, which begin with Vol. xxvi. The Acts of the Classis are in
Vols, i-xviii. Vol. xix. consists of Extracts from the Acts of the
Classis, 1655-1705. Vols, xx-xxv. are the Acts of the Deputies.)

Letter written to Rev. John Megapolensis.*

1648, April 7th.

The clerk represented that in compliance with the direction of
Classis, he had written to Rev. John Megapolensis, minister in
the colony of Rensselaerswyck. The letter shall be copied and
spread in the Book (of Correspondencie) of Classis (Vol. xxvi.)
XX. 198.

Directors in Holland to Peter Stuyvesant; the Ship
" Princess " Lost With Dir. Kieft and Domine Bogardus
ON" Board; Church Matters; ....

Duplicate. 1G4S April 7th.
Honorable, Dear and Faithful Friends.
By the ship " de Valckenler " we have duly received two of your letters, the
last dated the 6th of October of 1-ast year, the first having no date, the originals
of which had been sent by the ship " The Princess ". We notice by your last
letter, that this ship had left your coast about the 16th of August, but we did
not receive your letters, sent by the same, as it was wrecked in the Channel on
the 27th of September, and eighty one souls, men, women and children were lost,

♦"Megapolensis" Is the Greclzed form of " Mekkelenburg ", a town In
Germany — not " Mechelen " in Belgium. Mekkelen z= Mega, burg = polls; hence
" Megapolensis ".

OF THE State of IjTew Yoek. 229

among them the former Director, William Kleft, Domine Bogardus,* and Fiscal
van der Hoyckens; of her cargo nothing has-been saved except a lot of peltries,
part of which has been stolen, and what floated on the strand has been sold for
2sh. 6d. the piece and later for Ish. English money. The skipper remained there
skulking about so long, that it created suspicion; it seems, that thieves are always
connected with such misfortunes; the Lord may comfort the sufferers.

1648

How very Inopportune the mishap of the " Princess " has come, especially as
regards your request, will be stated hereafter; we shall first reply to your report
on the state of our conquests, in which you complain, that the people are grown
very wild and loose in their morals. It seems to have principally been caused by
the weakness of the late Director, and the neglect of his duties by the preacher.
We expect your Honor will amend all this; but a tree grown too high, and too
luxuriantly, must be trimmed carefully, and bent by a tender hand, giving it a
good shape.

It is true, that people are busy at the Hague before their High. Might, to bring
about a general reform for all the colonies of this Company, and New Netherland
will not be forgotten; a provisional resolution has already been passed, that all
colonists there shall be allowed to ship their own products, as flour, fishes, meat,
bacon, peas, beans and everything else, in their own, or chartered, bottoms to
Brazil and Angola; that the ships returning may take freight from Brazil; but
those coming back from Angola are to bring Negroes to be employed in farming.
This resolution will show your Honor, that we too have the right to send a ship
to Angola with an assortment of provisions and bring back negroes. Your Honor
will therefore please to take quickly advantage of it with the provisions, which
you report to have in abundance.

We were sorry to learn of the great disorder, which your Honor has found there
In Church matters, principally caused by Domine Bogardus. The proverb " Where
the shepherd errs, the sheep go astray " fitly applies to this case. He, with
others, has beeu relieved from rendering his account, while In the meantime the
church remains in a troubled state and unprovided; although your Honor has pro-
visionally allowed Domine Backer, formerly preacher at Curacao, to remain there
some time. As he, however, has previously received his letter dismlssory from the
Classis, he cannot be held there against his will. We shall look out here for a
man fit to attend to the church there. Your Honor believes, that the congregation
would be well satisfied with Domine Megapolensis, preacher at Rensselaerwyck,
without stating, whether he can obtain his letter of dismissal from there without
trouble; also whether he cannot work there with as good results, as in the church
at New Amsterdam. We expect to receive on this point a more detailed report
in your next, according to which we shall act. It must also be considered, that
this plan cannot be well carried out without the consent of the Colonists.

The erection of a church building has really been necessary, but we notice also
that it has been very expensive: the Colony cannot yet bear such expenses.

Commending you herewith to God's protection we remain.
Honorable Dear and Faithful Sir,
Your Honor's true friend,

The Directors of the West India Company,

Department of Amsterdam. J. Specx.

David van Baerle.
Amsterdam April 7th, 1G4S.

— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 82, 83, 84, 87.

• A somewhat leugthv sketch of Bev. Everardus Bogardus written by D. T. Val-
entine Is found in his " Manual of the Common Council of New York " for the year
18G3, pages 595-608, embracing some of the documents herein given.

1648

230 Ecclesiastical Records

Classis of Amstbedam.

Acts of the Deputies, and their Correspondence. — The Classis of
Amsterdam to Rev. John Megapolensis, April 8th, 1648.
xxvi. page 1.

Rev. Wise, etc.

Your communication came duly to hand a few weeks since.
It was agreeable to hear of your good health. We hope that
the good God may yet spare you many years for the service of
his church, which we desire to have built up and extended in all
quarters of the world.

You have labored faithfully in that colony of ISTew ISTetherland,
which has thus far been under your supervision. ISTow that the
years of your compact are drawing to a close, you request your
dismissal.

We have considered your request as just and reasonable, and
have therefore, at different times conferred with the testamentary
guardians of the family of the deceased (sterfhuis) Patroon, re-
questing them to be pleased to give us authority to look about for
another qualified person, who may succeed you in the capacity of
pastor and minister of the divine word. We have urged this
upon many, since it would be deplorable in itself, and prejudicial
to the glory of Grod, as well as injurious to the people, if such a
number of people should be left without a pastor.

But inasmuch as the partners in this colony could not agree
with the guardians of the family of the deceased Patroon, and
were at variance among themselves, we could not reach any result.
Some time ago they sent a certain person to the colony, upon
whom large powers of direction in the church were conferred.
They desire first to be better informed as to the state of affairs
before they determine to send another pastor.

OF THE State of JSTew York. 231

In the meantime we shall not be negligent in securing your
object. We doubt not but that the guardians of the house of the
Messrs. Renselaer, will inform you more particularly.

The brethren of Classis wish that you would continue there
until some one succeeds you; otherwise what you have built up
may easily be broken down; and the church there, which is now
enjoying reasonable growth, as we have learned with satisfaction
and joy from your letter, would become demoralized, to the detri-
ment of Grod's glory and the injury of the colony. And inasmuch
as the compact expires in August, it will perhaps be only a matter
of a few months.

Domine Backerus, who is at present supplying the Manhattans
in the place of Kev. Bogardus, who sadly perished by shipwreck
on his passage, as also some of your relatives, much to our sorrow,
would also like very much to return home, as we learn from his
friends, although his own letters have not yet reached us. But
not knowing the state of that church exactly, we have not been
able to dispose of that business. We shall, however, await fur-
ther advices thence.

"We wish that his Excellency could be informed of this," when
opportunity offers, as we have scarcely the time to send you even
these few lines ; for the vessel got ready to sail without our knowl-
edge, and the bearer of this is waiting to depart. Having no
other business to present, I will close by committing you to God
and the word of his grace. We desire that he may bless your
labors more and more to the winning of many souls. With our
hearty respect, we are and remain.

Your Friends to command, and Brethren, the Bespc-
tive Members of the Rev. Classis of Amsterdam.

In the name of all

B. Wittenwrongel.

1648

232 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

John Bakkerus.

1648, June 29th.
A letter was read from Rev, John Backenis, of iS'ew iN'ether-
land. This explained that he had received his dismissal from
the chnrch at Ciiracoa, and had, against his intention and inclina-
tion, been forced to remain with the people of 'New ISTetherland.
This was because Rev. Bogardus was about to sail for the Father-
land, with Director Kieft for important reasons, namely, to seek
to terminate their disputes of long standing, by both appearing
before the Directors. Inasmuch as the said minister (Bogardus)
was wi-ecked on this voyage, he (Backerus) now requested, that
as soon as possible another good minister might be sent in his
place. It was resolved to communicate the above mentioned
letter to the Rev. Classis.* xx. 200.

St^stod of iSToRTH Holland, at Enckhuyzen.
Art. 19. East and West India Affairs.

1648, Au^. 11 et seq.
Regarding Art. 17 (1647) relating to the Plan about the East
and West India affairs : It is understood that the said Plan will
be adhered to. It is also found that the same Plan had been ac-
cepted by all the corresponding Synods excepting that of Utrecht,
as appears ex actis Synodi Ultrajectina, 1647. Therefore our
correspondent, who shall go thither, shall put forth every amicable
endeavor and inducement to persuade the said Rev. Synod like-
wise to accept the Plan even as the others have done.

Extracts from Minutes of other Synods.
Extracts from the Acts of the Synod of Gelderland and Zut-
phen, held at Arnhem in September, 1647.

As to East and West India Affairs, the Plan of the Synods of
Holland are accepted provisionally.

• Backerus was, therefore, only a temporary supply of the church of New
Amsterdam.

OF THE State of i^EW York. 233

1648

Classis of Amsterdam.

Correspondence from America. Rev. John Backerus to the Classis
of Amsterdam, August 15th, 1648, and September 2nd, 1648.

Reverend, Pious and Learned Brethren in Christ; Increase of
Honor, Piety and the Blessing of God be your reward : —

Whereas I have not yet received an answer to my former re-
quest from your Reverences, I continue to write on the same
subject. ^

I would have preferred to pay a visit to the Rev. Brethren, in-
stead of again greeting you by this dumb messenger. I have no
doubt, it might have been done ere now, as in answer to my wi'it-
ten request, I received permission to return to the Fatherland, if
I had not changed my mind. But upon my arrival in 'New [N'ether-
land from Curacoa, I heard a different song, and to which I had
to listen. In a short time, and much to my regret, I had to ob-
serve with my own eyes, that none of the officers here would come
to church, when our brother Domine Everardus Bogardus preached.
For there were such important questions and differences between
our said brother, on one side, and his Honor, General William
Kieft, with certain officials on the other, that there was a mutual
aversion. Inasmuch as this disagreeable dispute had grown to
such dimensions that it reached even to the borders of Holland,
we were unable to reconcile the parties or sm.oothe over matters.
Therefore, and probably also for other reasons, our brother, Do-
mine Bogardus, wished to go to Holland with Director William
Kieft, (for the settlement of these matters). Upon his request for
this object, he received much quicker permission than he expected
from his Honor, General Stuyvesant, because as I suppose, the
latter was not favorable to the former. Matters being in this con-
dition, I had to give up my own plans. After loo'king more
closely into the affairs, I had to sacrifice all my own intentions.
Necessity compelled me not to leave the congregation without a
pastor. I therefore took our brother's place, but I cannot conceal

1648

234 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

from the Rev. Brethren, that I hope, it will not be for longer than
the coming summer ; for then the place will again be vacant and
the congregation will be at liberty to choose another pastor. It
is somewhat different with the people here, from what it was in
Curacoa. In severing my connection at Curacoa, and removing,
only about six or seven church members remained behind, the
others having already left before, or leaving with me. As to
others, not known to be members, there are few, who, in my opin-
ion, are inclined to our religion, or to hearing the Holy Gos-
pel as taught here and in the churches of jSTetherland as well as
elsewhere. For that reason, and also because an able reader for
the people of our nationality, and a schoolteacher for the natives
of the country, were left there, I could the more easily, and with-
out conscientious scruples, remove. Especially could I do so, be-
cause I trust the Hon. Directors, upon a request by the Classis,
can easily send another good preacher there, if the community
should increase in numbers, and if the natives should acquire a
little more knowledge ; and especially if the Word and the Admin-
istration of the Sacraments should become necessary there, from
the desires of the people for the same.

But here (in E'ew IN'etherland) where there is already a goodly
number of people, and who also daily increase, the harvest will be
much greater, and the service and work of a preacher is much
more necessary. Therefore I was not able to leave this place so
easily with a free and untroubled (conscience) nor would I like to
do it, at all until this congregation had first been provided with
another able and God fearing teacher.

I therefore humbly, but not the less urgently, request your Rev-
erences to do your best, to induce the Hon. Directors to send an-
other good preacher here as soon as possible, at least by next
summer, and discharge me from my long service. In order, that
the Rev. Brethren may properly consider my request, and obtain
this desired end, I woiUd like you to remember, that I have al-
ready served the Hon. Directors continuously for fifty seven

OF THE State of iN'EW Yokk. 235

montlis, I may say now, for sixty seven months; although the
term, fixed by my agreement, has long since expired.

That I had this place allotted to me, and remained here, as I
said before, for the service of this congregation, was against my
inclination. I am silent about other matters, which I prefer to
tell the brethren personally; (but I cannot stay) partly, because
as matters stand here, I find it impossible to live in comfort with
my family in this place with the meagre addition of two hundred
florins for board money; for I require for my table and clothing
all my monthly pay besides ; partly, because I do not wish to re-
main longer, even if I receive enough more that I could live upon
it; but I wish to be transferred from here to a place in Holland,
wherever the Lord may please to call me.

This is a copy of my former letters, one of which I sent to your
Reverences by the ship " Princess " ; the other by way of Vir-
ginia. I now think best to add the following lines: —

Your Reverences must understand that I persevere in my re-
quest as urgently as before. I have no doubt they will boldly de-
mand from the Hon. Directors my discharge in the spring; and
if, against my expectations, the Hon. Directors do not consent
to it, then I request you to submit, in my name, to their Honors,
that next summer I have been in their service for seven consecu-
tive years, although my contract was only for four; and that, if
they will not send anybody to relieve me, after having received
this notice from me and warning, as is proved by their letter to
our Director, it is then my intention and determination not to
remain here any longer. I shall then consider that I have good
reason for leaving their service and discharging myself, although
I should not like to leave here under such circumstances. I hope,
it will not have to be done thus. Having looked about for another
preacher as a substitute during three years there can be no doubt,
that he may be expected next spring. I shall therefore, prepare
myself accordingly, and then be ready to depart for the Father-
land.

1648

236 Ecclesiastical Records

My wife would have gone home with the wife of the preacher
at Fort Orange, (Megapolensis,) but as she is near her delivery
of a child, we thought it unadvisable, and resolved to go together
next summer. I have informed the Hon. Directors of this resolu-
tion, adding that I did not consider it contrary to the rules or
unreasonable, as their Honors themselves must admit; knowing
as they do, that at that time, I shall have served them seven con-
secutive years, although engaged for only four. Therefore they
have no right to keep me here longer, against my will and reso-
lution, and much to my disadvantage.

The congregation here numbers about one hundred and seventy
members. Most of them are very ignorant in regard to true
religion, and very much given to drink. To this they are led by
the seventeen tap-houses here. What bad fruits result therefrom,
your Reverences will easily understand. You will also learn
more in detail from ike bearer hereof, Master Jan Stevensen.
If you could obtain from the Hon. Directors an order for closing
these places, except three or four, I have no doubt, the source of
much evil and great offense would be removed.

The Rev. Brethren are requested to take care, that a pastor be
sent to this congregation. He must be allowed full liberty in de-
nouncing sin, for which he will find the way already prepared,
and he must do his duties with the good example of a decent life
himself.

It will also be very necessary for the Rev. Brethren, to send
over with such a preacher a good schoolmaster. He should not
only know how to read, write and cipher, but should also be a
man of pious life, and decent habits. He should have a good
knowledge of the principal points of our Faith, and set a holy
example to the children. In order to best help the church of God
here, and to resist a bad world, I think, we must begin with the
children; for many of the older people are so far depraved, that
they are now ashamed to learn anything good.

OF THE State of I^ew York. 237

1648

Herewith closing Reverend, Honorable, Pious and Learned
Classis, I commend your Reverences, with my humble salutations,
to the grace of the Most High. May He bless you with an in-
crease of your congregations,*

Your faithful servant,

Joannis Backerus,
At Manhatans Teacher of the Gospel,

in I^ew^N^etherland
Sept. 2nd Anno 1648.

Master Jan Stevensen, who has served the Company here as a
faithful schoolmaster and reader for six or seven consecutive
years, and is now leaving for home, has been informed by the
Director and Council, that he must pay his own fare. If this
is 80 imderstood in Holland, then the poor man will retain but little
of his salary ; for the fare for his passage would swallow up most
of it. Considering this fact, will not your Reverences please to
assist him with the Directors, that he may be exempted from this
hardship.

Correspondence from America. Rev. John Megapolensis to Classis

of Amsterdam.

Aug. 25th, 1648.

Reverend, Godly and Learned Fathers and Brethren in Christ.
The Grace of God be multiplied unto you : —

After the Lord God was pleased to cut short the thread of life
of Domine Bogardus by shipwreck, (1647), who was late preacher
at the Manhattans in New !N"etherland, his widow came here to
Fort Orange, in the colony of Rensselaerswyck, to reside and make
her living. She has nine living children, some by a former hus-
band and some by Domine Bogardus, and is also deeply in debt.
She has, however, no way to liquidate her debts, nor means for her
own subsistence, unless the West India Company pay her the ar-

• Repeated corrections lu the origlnnl hnve made portions of this letter very
lllealble.

238 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

1648

rears of salary due her husband. Domine Bogardus repeatedly

asserted that a higher salary was promised him, before leaving

Holland, than he ever received here. I shall, therefore, in order

to explain this, repeat, to the best of my recollection, what I have

heard from him.

It is now about two years since I was called upon by Director-
General William Kieft, to settle the difficulties between said Kieft
and Domine Bogardus. I attempted several times to smoothe the
differences which had arisen here, but all in vain. Domine Bo-
gardus asserted that it could not be done here, but that the matter
ought to be laid before the Hon. Directors ; or even if it could be
determined here, he would, nevertheless, be obliged to go home,
in order to demand, before his death, the salary promised him,
for the maintenance and support of his family. For if he himself
did not ask for it during the life time of those who knew about
it, it would be difficult to succeed through others.

For salary was promised to him as to other preachers in the
service of the Company, not by the Hon. Directors, but by the Rev.
Classis, or at least by the Deputies of the same; among these he
mentioned, if I am not mistaken, Domine Badius. He had urged
him to go to ITew ITetherland, and had promised to arrange with
the Company, that he should have a salary, the same as other
preachers in the service of the Company. ISFevertheless, he had
been paid for a considerable time only 46 guilders per month,
with 150 guilders extra per year, for board money. He asserted
that according to the promise made to him, there is still due him a
considerable sum for salary and board money. This is in sub-
stance what he told me about it, as far as I can remember ; and
if it be true, there ought to be in existence a written and signed
document to that effect, or at least a memorandum thereof by
some of the Rev. Deputies.

Annetje Bogardus, widow of Domine Bogardus, on the supposi-
tion that this is correct, has requested me to write to the Rev.
Classis, in her name and in her behalf, in order that the Rev.

OF THE State of JSTew York. 239

1648
Classis, or the Deputies thereof, might, for the sake of a preacher's
widow, petition the Company for the money due her, to be paid to
her or her attorney, to enable her to pay her debts and support
her family.

Last year I wrote to my Lord Patroon, and to the Kev. Dep-
uties for my discharge, and that some one else should be appointed
in my place^ But I have learned by a letter from Domine Wit-
tenwrongel, that I must have patience and remain here until the
summer of this year. I have therefore repeated my request in
letters to the Patroons and to the Kev. Deputies, as I herewith
do again, that another teacher be sent in the first ships to take my
place ; or at least that I should have permission to return home.
For as my term has expired, and my wife and children have all
returned to the Fatherland, I do not intend to remain here any
longer than the coming summer, when the ships return to Europe.

I think that I have remained at my station here in this wild
country (long enough,) and have had troubles and difficulties
enough. Another who may succeed me will find it better and more
comfortable. In conclusion, I commend you all to God and to the
word of his grace. Pemember me in your prayers.

Yours obediently,
Aug. 25th, 1648. Joannes Megapolensis.

Pev. Backerus.

1648, Sept. 14th.

A certain letter was read from Pev. Backerus, written in ISTew
ITetherland, in which he asks that he may be relieved from his
charge there, towards spring, and another minister, by that time,
be provided in liis place. The matter was referred to the Rev.
Brethren Deputati ad res Indicas. v. 99.

Pev. Megapolensis.

1648, Sept. 14th.

A certain letter was read from Pev. Megapolensis, minister at
Rensselaer's Wyck, in which he makes known his willingness to
remain there for the present year, but intends to leave for the

1648

240 Ecclesiastical 'Recoeds

Fatherland in the spring. He asks that by that time another
minister may be provided in his stead. It was resolved to commit
the procuring of the same to the Rev. Brethren Deputati ad res
Indicas, who shall also confer with the patrons of that church
on this matter, v. 100.

Matters Memorialized to the XIX.

1648, Sept. 28th.

It was reported that just as the Assembly of the XIX was
about to adjourn, and our regular sessions were about to begin,
that Rev. Eleazar Zwalmius,* together with the clerk, had laid
before the said Assembly certain matters, which in compliance
Avith resolution of Classis, were to be proposed to it, as follows:

1. That the Siecken-Troosters, located at forts where there
are children, ought to be obligated to keep school; provided that
they might enjoy some compensation therefor from the Company.

2. That some more ministers ought to be sent thither.

3. That no men and women should be sent thither, as mar-
ried, unless their marriage was beyond dispute or legal proofs
were exhibited. In default of such evidences, many disorders had
crept in, which were very objectionable in the place, and after-
ward

4. That the gentlemen would be pleased to grant, that the copy
of one Synodical Acta be sent, at the expense of the Company, to
the brethren in Brazil.

To this was added at the same time, the following requests,
on the strength of what Rev. Grebius had exhibited to the said
brethren who had come from Brazil with the last ships:

1. Approbation of the repeal of the previous resolution,
adopted by the XIX, regarding the abolition of the sittings of
civilians in the Classis of Brazil; and that this be announced to
the Highest Officials there, inasmuch as they have not yet been
willing to give this up.

• Rev. Eleazar Swalmius was called from Schiedam to Amsterdam in 1621, and
died on June 4, 1652.

OF THE State of ISTew York. 241

2. That a larger number of Siecken-Troosters, as well as of
ministers, be granted; as at the forts Altena, d'Avogades, de Bar-
ettes, there are none, and but one in the army. xx. 206, 207.

Written to the Brethren of Zeeland.

1648, Sept. 28th.

The Clerk also reported, that, in compliance with the resolu-
tion of Classis, he had written to the Committee in Zeeland, on
Indian Affairs, (as follows): That inasmuch as the XVII were
now assembled at Middelburg, the Rev. Brethren (of Zeeland)
would be pleased, for the good of the churches of the East Indies,
to memorialize them regarding the following matters:

1. That a goodly number of laborers for the ser^dce of the
churches of the Indies should again, and newly, be granted; in-
asmuch as, over and above the re-partition made last year by the
Messrs. Directors, there ought to be more ministers, especially
at Batavia, Tayowae, and other places; and especially, because,
since that time, six ministers have died.

2. That in the future ministers ought to be established at
Batavia; and that this Consistory, in the matter of the sending
out of the ministers, ought to have more authority and power.
For it is intolerable that the Lord General there, should arro-
gate that power exclusively to himself.

3. That the Portuguese services in the said community of
Batavia should be continued, as well as the Malay services; for
it has always been observed that this service has been attended
Avith much more fruit and edification; and it would be entirely
unreasonable that so many native Christians should be forced to
miss the food of their souls.

4. That the Diaconate should have its portion of the fines
which are imposed by the sentences of tlie courts, after the man-
ner of this country.

1648

242 Ecclesiastical Eecokds

All these matters, in accordance with the considerations of Rev.
John Rogerius, which have been handed in to the Classis, are
extensively elucidated for the said brethren of Zeelandt, and
clothed with reasons, xx. 207.

1648, Oct. 5th.

A certain letter from Rev. Backerus (was read) written in ISTew
Netherland, in which he requests to be released from his service
there by the spring, and that another pastor be then appointed to
fill his place. The matter is referred to the brethren Deputati
ad res Indicas.

A letter from the Rev. Megapolensis, pastor at Renselaers-
wyck was read, in which he informs us that he will remain there
during the present year, but intends to return to the Fatherland
next spring. He requests also that by that time another pastor
be obtained for his place.

Resolved. That Ave commit the case of this business to the Rev.
Deputati ad res Indicas, who will also speak concerning this mat-
ter with the patroons of the Colony.

XXVI. 15.— See Col. Hist. i. 308, 310, 317.

Pieter Vander Linden.*

1648, Oct. 26.

At the meeting it was considered very necessary that another
suitable person should be appointed (pre-centor) in place of Jan
Stevensen. It was learned that, for the present, no more suitable
person could be found on the Island of Manhattans to perform
the duties of Reader, etc., than Pieter Vander Linden. They
have, therefore, appointed the said Pieter Vander Linden at an
annual salary of one himdred and fifty guilders, until another
qualified person should be sent out from Holland.

* Peter Vander Linden and wife arrived at Manhattan, 1639. He was a sur-
geon and quite a prominent man in the colony, and was owner of considerable real
estate. In 1647, he sold his plantation on Manhattan Island, on the old Vraackill.
It extended along the East River 300 paces. Probably domine Benjamin Van der
Linde, 1748-17S8, was a descendant.

OF THE State of Kew York. 243

Another Translation in Dunshee, 20.

Matters about which to Memorialize the XIX.

1648, Oct. 26th.

It is laid to onr charge to advance before the XIX these fol-
lowing matters:

1. That the former resolution of the XIX, regarding the aboli-
tion of the session of civilians in the Classis of Brazil, may be
carried into effect (may be followed up) and the chief govern-
ment may be addressed.

2. That regulations may be made for the instruction of
Negroes, upon the basis projected by the Classis of Brazil.

3. To hand in to the XIX the petition of the ministers at the
Recife, and to recommend the contents of the same.

Further we are charged to write to the Classes of Alkmaar and
of Edam, to thank them in the name of the Consistory at the
Recife for the linen sent over for the benefit of the Brazilians.

XX. 208.

1648, Oct. 26th.
Rev. John Van Sauen in the Chair.

The letter of Rev. John Megapolensis, pastor in the colony of
Rentselaerswyck, dated Aug. 15th, 1648, was opened. In it he
renews the request that another might succeed in his charge, as
he could remain there no longer than the next summer. His
wife and children had already departed to the Fatherland. He
recommends the case of the widow of the Rev. Mr. Bogardus,
late pastor at the Manhattans in New Netherland in the service
of the West India Company; that the Director's be urged, in her
name, to make settlement and payment of that which the com-
pany owes her husband, that she may be supported therefrom, and
satisfy her creditors. It was resolved to communicate this letter
to the Classis.

A letter was also read from Rev. John Backerus, formerly
pastor in Curacoa, and now detained at the Manhattans, because
of the death of the Rev. Mr. Bogardus requesting permission

1648

244 Ecclesiastical Eecokds

that he may administer there the ordinances of the word. He
also renewed his previous request that the Directors grant him
his dismission, and that another may be sent in his place. Since
it was also in the highest degree necessary that a Visitor of the
Sick and a schoolmaster he sent to that place, the meeting
resolved to communicate this writing to the Classis,

The objections of the XIX will be treated of in a few points,
in writing, and will be conveyed to them, and earnestly enforced
by the clerk and Rev. Mr. Lullinus. xx. 208.

1648, Nov. 2nd.
In an Order from the Council in Fort Amsterdam, respecting repairs of Fort
Orange; Domlne Megapolensls is mentioned as ttie agent and attorney of Jonao
Bronck.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 102.

DiBECTORS TO Peter Stuyvesant :

Preachers ;

Among many letters mentioned, the Directors allude to three letters from Domlne
Backeriup, dated August 7th and September 2nd and 22nd, 1&48.

The request of Domlne Backerus, made in several of his letters, has been ap-
proved as reasonable by the Classis and we were therefore obliged to grant It.
We should have been more inconvenienced by it, if we had not entertained the hope,
that perhaps the preacher from Rensselaerswyck, Domlne Megapolensls, could be
persuaded by fair offers to remain there a few years longer. We consent to it very
willingly on account of the good character given him by your Honor. It is true,
his wife has arrived here, it being the intention, that he should soon follow her
and It seems, that his presence in person is required here for the liquidation of an
estate, in which he appears to be much interested nevertheless we have held tire-
some conferences with his wife, and it seems, that she could be persuaded to return
thither to her husband, if she were assured, that she would not incur his displeasure.
After having overcome his objections we hope to induce her to consent to our plan
and we shall then consider his salary, which we expect to make satisfactory to him.
You will therefore on receipt of this letter try to persuade him, to comply with the
requirements of God's Church and his community, the more so, as it is to be feared,
that we may not be able for some time to provide this church with a minister: thl«
measure is therefore the most advisable.

We shall also look out now for a good school teacher and gather information con-
cerning the man living in Harlem, whom you propose.

Your Honor's appointment of Roeloff Jansen as Receiver-General at a yearly
■alary of four hundred and eighty florins without rations induces us to believe, that
you must have a good knowledge of his honest j': on that understanding we approve
of it herewith, although in our straightened circumstances all possible retrench-
ments should be made, for which reason we have here discharged all subaltern offi-
cers, and we believe from information received, that there too are more than enough
ofiQcers; all unnecessary oflBcers should therefore be discharged, we cannot afford to
keep them.

Although It is without precedent, that this Department has ever been godfather of
any children, having, when invited, always refused It for certain good reasons; yet
the Board grants herewith your Honor's request, expecting to be informed of the

OF THE State of New York. 245

child's name, to have it properly registered, that the Company, when in a better
financial condition, may be reminded to reciprocate this honor by a keepsake. Mean
while we shall pray to God, that He may let grow up this child, born in New Nether-
land, to His glory and to his parents' happiness. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 102, 108,
107.

Classis of Amsteedam.
Acts of the Deputies. (The Assembly of the XIX.)

Report of what is determined, in reference to ecclesiastical
matters, by the XIX,

To write to the churches of the other (four) Chambers (of the
"West India Company) that the ministers and siecken-troosters
who are needed for the churches of Brazil, and for whom they
(the other four Chambers) are responsible, should be sent.

1648, Nov. 30th.

The brethren — who were directed to memorialize the Assem-
bly of the XIX, upon those ecclesiastical points concerning which
the Olaeais of Brazil had asked our aid — reported on their com-
mission. They also read an extract from the resolution of the
Hon. XIX upon said points. It was resolved to communicate
the said extract to the Rev. Classis. In the meantime, inas-
much as it appears from the resolutions of the XIX in reference
to the increase of the number of ministers and siecken-troostera
in Brazil, that the sending of more ministers and siecken-trooe-
ters lies to the charge of the Chambers of the Meuse, West Fries-
land, and the North Quarter,* it was resolved to write to the
ministers of the respective localities, in order that they may urge
this matter upon the Messrs. Directors. Also, the last letters
sent to us, of the Classis of Brazil, of the Consistory at the Recife,
and of the ministers of the said church shall be answered. There
shall also be sent over the letter of the XIX to the chief govern-
ment there, touching the sitting of civilians, (in ecclesiastical
bodies), which havo been abolished there, by the same. xx. 209,
210.

• Amsterdam and Zeeland or Mlddleburg were the other two Chamben, making
Ave In all.

1648

246 EccLESiASTiCAii Eecokds

1648, Nov. 30th.
Rev. Eliazor Swalmius in the Chair.

It was resolved to institute all proper endeavors to procure
pastors for Loando and 'New Netherland. Also if an opportunity
occur to write to Loando. The communication from the pastor
settled there will be answered, xx. 210.

Letter from Rev. Megapolensis.

1648, Dec. 7th.

Rev. Deputati ad res Indicas read a letter from Rev. Mega-
polensis, in which he makes known the distressing condition of
the widow of Rev. Bogardus. She is burdened with a large
family, and cannot decently maintain herself. He makes request
in behalf of said widow, that the Rev. Classis will be pleased to
intercede with the worthy Directors, that the arrears of salary
which are still due her late husband, may be paid to her. He
mentions also in the same letter his intention of coming to Patria
in the spring. He asks that the Rev. Assembly will please to see
to it that another minister be sent to supply his place, v. 107,
108 ; xxvi. 20.

1648, Dec. 7th.

Letter from Rev. John Backerus.

There was also read a letter from Rev. John Backerus, pastor
in New Netherland, in which he seeks his dismission that he may
return home at once. He presents for this various reasons. To
this end, he also requests that the Rev. Assembly would be
pleased, at the earliest opportunity, to see that another pastor be
sent thither, and also a good experienced schoolmaster, whose
services are very much needed at that place, v. 108 ; xxvi. 20.

Sending Pastors to New Netherland.

All this has been referred to the Rev. Brethren ad res Indicas.
They, meantime, have informed the Rev. Assembly that there
are three pastors now needed, one for New Netherland, one for

OF THE State of 'Nbw York. 247

1648

St. Paul de Loando, and one for Muscovy. They requested the
Rev. Brethren to seek out suitable persons to be sent to these
places, xxvi. 20, 21.

1648, Dec. 28th.
Rev. Mr. Lullius in the Chair.

A letter from Rev. John Backerus, pastor at Manhattans in
l^ew Netherland, dated Sept. 22nd, 1648, was opened. In this
he urged his former request. In reporting the condition of
the church, he repeats his complaints about the great number
of inns. A letter was also read, accompanying the above, from
the elders and deacons of the same church, which also consented
to the dismissal of their present pastor. They earnestly re-
quested that an old, experienced, and godly minister might be
sent to them, lest their congregation, already in great confusion
by reason of the death of their late pastor, (Bogardus) should
dwindle away altogether. They also declare that they stand in
great need of an experienced schoolmaster, since there was an
increasing number of young persons, in order that they might
be reared under better discipline. To this end they make men-
tion of Samuel Bayart, book-keeper and teacher of French and
German at Bergen-of-Zoom, and of Daniel Samuels, also teacher
of French and German at Ilaerlem; with the understanding that
should either of these, or some one else of equal qualification,
be induced to go thither, efforts would be made to provide a
proper support for the same, in addition to the Company's sal-
ary. Resolved, that we communicate the above correspondence
to the next meeting of the Classis.

Each of the brethren was again requested to look around
earnestly for qualified preachers to be sent to 'New !N'etherland
and to Loando St. Paulo, xx. 210.

1649

248 Ecclesiastical Records

Extract from a Lease of Van Rensselaer, Jan. 14, 1649, for the
old Indian maize lands at the Catskills, rented to Jan Dirck-
sen of Bremen.

" The tenant is to read a sermon or portion of Scripture every
Sunday and High Festival to the Christians in the neighborhood,
and to sing one or more Psalms, before and after prayers, agree-
ably to the customs of the Church of Holland ".

1649, Jan. 25th.
Rev. Eliazur Swalmius in the Chair.

The brethren are still charged to look about for a qualified
person to be sent as pastor to ISTew IS[etherland. Since Loando
St. Paulo has been taken by the Portugnese, it will not be neces-
sary to trouble ourselves any longer about supplying that place.
XX. 211.

1649, March 15th.
Rev, Megapolensis.

Rev, William Grasmeer, pastor at Grafdyck, with his mother-
in-law, the vdfe of Rev. Megapolensis, were admitted, and at
once made a request; viz.: Inasmuch as his father-in-law has
more than fulfilled 1;he time of his ministrations in ISTew Nether-
land, ha\dng been there now over seven years, that the Rev.
Assembly be pleased to direct that he be honorably discharged
from service there, and that another pastor take his place.

The Rev. Deputati at res Indicas then reported on this sub-
ject. They informed the Rev. Assembly that they had con-
ferred with the Patroons of that place wdth regard to this matter,
and they had declared that they would prefer to retain him there
for some time to come.

Since, however, the letters of the Rev. Megapolensis, and the
presence now of his Avife and son-in-law manifested gTcat dis-
satisfaction; therefore it was determined that the Rev. Deputies
above mentioned shall confer still further with the Patroons,
and at the next meeting of the Classis, two weeks from to-day.

OF THE State of Kew York. 249

they shall inform the Kev. Assembly concerning this matter.
Due consideration shall then be given to it. xxvi. 33 ; v. 113,
114.

Megapolensis.

1649, Maroh 29th.

In regard to the case of Rev. Megapolensis, the Rev. Depu-
tati ad res Indicas reported, that they had conferred about his
church with the Patroons of that place. These had told them
that they would gladly have seen Rev. Megapoleneia to have re-
mained there a while longer, but having understood his disin-
clination to do so, they would not keep him there against his
will. They would permit him to come over to Patria, in order
to confer with him, and to ascertain whether he might not have
a desire therefor. At any rate they would like to confer with
him before another preacher should be sent in his place.

Meantime they would gladly see Rev. Megapolensis make
some arrangements before his departure for the continuance of
some form of service, such as the reading of some chapters of
God's Word, or some good homilies (postilla).

The Rev. Assembly having heard this report, resolved to grant
the Rev. Megapolensis his dismission, and the Rev. Deputies
aforesaid shall inform him of the same. They shall also inform
him of the good feeling that exists and the desire of the Pa-
trons. This action was announced to the Rev. Grasmeer. v. 116 ;
xsvi. 36.

1649, April 13th.
Rev. Eliazur Swalmius in the Chair.

It was resolved to answer at the earliest opportunity the let-
ters to jSTew Netherland, one from the pastor, and one from the
consistory, as al&o the communication of the Rev. John Mega-
polensis. XX. 214.

1649

250 Ecclesiastical Records

Acts of the Deputies and their Correspondence.

1649, April 26th.
Rev. Swalmius in the Chair.

The letters from New ISTetherland have been answered by
Rev. Wittenwrongel. xx. 215.

These letters are as follows: xxvi. 38, 39. The Classis of
Amsterdam to Rev. John Backeriis, ]^ew IsTetherland, April 26th,
1649.

Rev. Wise, Most Provident and Godly Brother: —

Your Reverence's communications have reached us safely.
From these we understand your great desire to be released from
your service in the church of ISTew lietherland.

We can see, indeed, that for this you have urgent and mighty
reasons. But it grieves us that we have not yet been able to find
a suitable person to succeed you, and to take charge of the ser-
vice in so demoralized a church, and we fear that we shall not
succeed very soon. The reason is, on account of the impover-
ished condition of the Company. Hence there is but little de-
sire either on the part of experienced pastors or candidates to
undertake so long a journey. We shall not neglect, however,
to use all efforts, until we suc-ceed in finding an energetic
minister.

Meanwhile we thank you for the representation of the condi-
tion of the church in your province. We shall neglect no effort
to advance her prosperity with the Hon. Directors, and we shall
take into serious consideration what has been so earnestly com-
mended to us, both in your communication, and in that of the
Rev. Consistory, viz., to search out an experienced schoolmaster
as well as pastor. The prosperity of the church is in the highest
degree dependent on the proper training of the tender youth.

These and other matters we shall present at the meeting of
the Hon. XIX, and seek to advance them with all possible Zeal.
We shall then acquaint you with the result, and also hope at

OF THE State of New Yoke. 251

that time to answer the conunimication of your Eev. Consistory
at greater length.

Closing herewith, we commend you to God and the word of
his grace. With our hearty greetings to you and the worthy
brethren of the consistory, we are and remain,
Your fellow-brethren to command,

The Deputati ad res Indicas, etc.
April 26, 1649. P. Jacobus Beth.

The Classis of Amsterdam to Rev. John Megapolensis, in jSTew
ISTetherland, April 26th, 1649. xxvi. 38.

The Peace of Christ.

Rev., Wise, Provident, Highly Learned and Godly co-laborer
and Brother in the Harvest of the Lord: —

Your Reverence's communication of July 26th, 1648, came
safely to hand. Prom this we understand that you continue
urgently to insist upon your dismission from the service at
Rensselaerswyck.

We have not omitted to recommend your case to the Hon.
Patroons, inasmuch as your time has now expired, and to request
their permission for us to look about for another pastor, to
succeed you in your place.

But although we have found that the said Patroons do not
any longer wish to render your dismissal difficult, as you vnW
have learned from their writings; nevertheless they are reluctant
to send another pastor before they have conferred with you con-
cerning the matter after your arrival here. You also know
full well that the differences existing between the Patroons and
the other partners, occasion great difficulties in this business.
Hence the Rev. Classis, having duly considered the matter, and
having imderstood from your communication, as also from the
oral statement of your mfe, that you are fully determined to
leave your service at Rensselaerswyck, is unwilling to make your
dismissal more difficult, but cheerfully grant your request; only

1649

252 Ecclesiastical Reoobds

tliej ask jou to be pleased at your departure to establish some
fixed order, that some form of worship maj be kept up, with
the reading of God's word, the singing of Psalms, the reading
of some edifying sermons, etc., so that the church do not at
once become demoralized, and the good work begun there, and
advanced by your diligence, decline.

Meantime trusting that we shall be authorized by the Patroons
to look about for another pastor, we herewith close, commend-
ing you to God and the word of his grace. "With our hearty re-
spects, we are and remain,

Your brethren to command,

April 26, 1649. The Deputati ad res Indicas, etc.

Minute of a Visit of the Directoe-General to Rev. Mr.
Backeeius, to Poebid Him to Read, oe to Allow to be
Read, Any Political "Weitings in the Chuech.

This day underwritten tlie Director-General went in person to the house of the
minister Baekerius, and there, in his capacity as Director, told the minister not to
read himself, or have read by any of the Church officers, from the pulpit or else-
where in the Church, at the request of any of the inhabitants, any writing, petition
or proposal having relation to the municipal or general government, whether gen-
eral or in particular, before and until such writing shall be signed by the Director
himself, or by the Secretary, by order of the Director and Council; but this is not to
apply to ecclesiastical affairs which are left at the full disposal of said ministert
and Consistory. Therein he shall be at liberty to order, agreeably to church ordi-
nances and the duty of a godly minister, wherein said Director General offers him
all aid and assistance as far as this concerns him as Chief Magistrate of the country.

This done in the presence of Councillor La Montague and Secretary TIenhoven,
this 8th of May, 1G49.— Col. Doce. N. Y. xlv. 114.

O'Callaghan's remark thereon: 1G49. And so fearful still were the authorltle*
that means would be found to communicate, during divine service, with the people,
that " the Director General went in person to Domine Backerus, and told him that
he ehould not be permitted, at the request of any individuals, to read from the pulpit
to the congregation, under any pretence, either by himself or any of the deacons,
any propositions whatsoever, appertaining to the police or general government, be-
fore such writings had been signed by the secretary by order of the Director, or by
the Director and Council."

These measures had the effect only of hastening the departure of the clergyman
from New Amsterdam, and of urging the opposition more strongly in their course.
The Rev. Mr. Backerus requested his dismissal shortly after. He retsrned to Hol-
land to swell the number of complaints against General Stuyvesant; and Adrlaen
van der Donok, Jacob van Couwenhoven. and Jan Evertsen Bout followed. In th«
course of the succeeding month, as agents for the coloniBtB. — O'Callaghan'B Hlitory
of N«w Nctherland, Vol. 11. 94.

OF THE State of ISTew York. 253

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies. Gideon Schaats, Schoolmaster at Beest.

1649, June 28th.

Gideon Schaats, schoolmaster at Beest,* appeared with very
good testimonial from the Classis of Bueren. He asked to go,
in the capacity of siecken-trooster to the East Indies. But in-
asmuch as, with the permission of the Classis, he had for some
time exercised himself in " proponeren " (exercises preparatory to
the ministry), and has good hope of being admitted to the prepara-
tory examination at the next Synod of South Holland, he was
informed that he was provisionally accepted by us as " Recom-
mended " ; and that in the meantime he must seek to push his
desires in the said Synod, xx. 216.

Permit to Rev. Johannes Backeeus, Minister of New Am-
sterdam, TO Resign His Office and Return to Holland.

Johannes Backerlus, minister in this city New Amsterdam, appeared before the
Council and requested his dismission, In order that he may return to Fatherland;
therefore the Honorable Director General and Council, having considered the
urgent request, cannot refuse said Backerlus his dismission; the said Director and
Council have accordingly granted him leave to depart for Fatherland.

This 6th of July, 1649.

Col. Docs. N. Y. liv. 115.

Resolution. To retain and engage Rev. Johannes Megapoleusls as minister of
the Church at New Amsterdam.

Aug. 2, 1649.

WheresB Domino Johannes Backerlus on his urgent petition, and, as he declares
with the consent of the Classis, wherein the despatches of the Honorable Directors
concur, has received from us license and dismission, in order to depart with the
flrBt ehipe for Fatherland; and In the meantime this congregation would remain
destitute of spiritual nourishment, namely the preaching of the Holy Gospel, and
the lawful participation of the Blessed Sacrament; Therefore we, the Director
and Conncil, wishing to promote as far as we are able, the honor of God. the
welfare and salvation of men, cannot consent that this congregation ought or
can remain bereft of a pastor: Wherefore, on the Instructions from the Honor-
able Lords Directors, we have resolved, as we do hereby resolve, earnestly and
urgently to solicit and entreat the Reverend Domlne Johannes Megapolensis, late
minister In Rensselaerswyck, who having obtained his dismission there. Is now
here and prepared to depart with the first ships for Fatherland, and seriously
and urgently to Inquire If he could not be induced by persuasive reasons, for
the honor of God, the advancement of his Church, and the salvation of men to
supply here the service of the Word and the adndnlBtration of the Holy Sacra-
ment. His Reverence has, as we are already informed, no weighty reasons to

* Beest, a Tillage of over twenty four hundred population. In Gelderland.

1649

254 Ecclesiastical Records

decline our Invitation. Meanwhile the extreme need of the church work impera-
tively demands, that at least one clergyman remain in this province among the
Dutch people, both for this capital and Renselaer's Colony, were it only for
administering Baptism to the children who are commonly presented here every
Sunday at the Manhattans for baptism alone, sometimes one, sometimes two,
yea even three and four together. Therefore, we excusing his reasons, cannot
accept them at this time, but do hereby resolve, if possible, to endeavor to retain
him blanda vl et quasi nolens volens, and we shall try to justify him to the best
of our ability both to the Reverend Classis and the Patroon from whom he has
already received his dismission and settlement of account. Such we resolve, to
be most necessary for the honor of God, the service of his Church, and the salva-
tion of the people.

Thus done in our Council this 2nd of August; present — The Honorable Director
General, Petrus Stuyvesant, L. van Dlncklage, H. van Dyck, La Montague, and
Brian Nuton. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 116.

Departure of Domine Backerus, and Settlement of Dominb
Megapolensis at ISTew Amsterdam.

August, 1649.

By the departure of the Rev. Mr. Backerus, New Amsterdam wa§ now without
a clergyman. The Rev. Mr. Megapolehsis having received his dismission from the
colony of Rensselaerswyck, " was about to return to Fatherland, in the first sailing
ship," and thus the Dutch colonists were to be deprived of the solacing comfort
of a Christian ministry. To prevent this misfortune, the Director requested Doctor
Megapolensis, " for the honor of God, for the increase of the church, and the
interest of men," to remain in the country for a time at least.

This invitation was at first declined. His wife had preceded him to Holland,
and he was also anxious to follow her, as his presence was necessary in that
country, for the liquidation of an estate in which he was interested. But his
stay was still urged, in pursuance to instructions from the Chamber at Amsterdam,
" if it were only for the instruction of the children, who are every Sunday pre-
sented at the Manhattans for baptism — sometimes one — sometimes two — yae,
sometimes three and four together;" Otherwise, it was apprehended that the Church
would be a long time without a minister. His objections were at length overruled,
and the Council having resolved to retain him, blanda vl, et quasi nolens, volens,"
he was installed minister of the church of New Amsterdam, at a salary of twelve
hundred guilders, or four hundred and eighty dollars, per annum.* — O'Callaghan's
History of New Netherland, Vol. 97.

Remonstrance of the People of New j^etherland to the

States General.

[See Jan. 27, 1650, and Ap. 20, 1650, and InTov. 29, 1650.]

(Abstract and Extracts.)

1649, July 28.

[This represents the condition of affairs just at the time that Domine John
Backerus left New Amsterdam for Holland, and Domine John Megapolensis left
Fort Orange and settled at New Amsterdam. We are concerned principally with
what relates to the Church history, in order to make more intelligible, or to con-
firm, the documents recently received (1898) from Amsterdam.]

* Alb. Rec. Iv., 16, 17, 23; vii., 229, 230, 251-256. Rev. Mr. Megapolensis was au-
thor of a tract on the Mohawk Indians, entitled Kort Ontwerp Van de Mahakuase
Indlanen in N. Nederlandt, haer Lant, Stature, Dracht, Manieren en Magistraten,

OF THE State of jSTew York. 255

The following reference is given concerning the discovery of the country,
page 275.

" Among all the enterprising people in the world, who search for foreign coun-
tries, navigable waters and trade, those who bear the name of Netherlanders
will very easily be able to hold their rank among the foremost, as is sufficiently
known to all those who have in any wise saluted the threshold of history. It
will, in like manner, be also, confirmed by our following Relation; for in the year
of Christ 1609, was the country, of which we now propose to speak, first found
and discovered at the expense of the General Bast India Company — though direct-
ing their aim and design elsewhere — by the ship de Halve Mane, whereof Henry
Hudson was master and factor. It was afterwards named New Netherland by
our people, and that very justly, for it was first discovered, and taken possession
of, by Netherlanders and at their expense, so that even at the present day, the
natives of the country, (who are so old as to remember the event) testify, that on
seeing the Dutch ships on their first coming here, they knew not what to make
of them, and could not comprehend, whether they came down from Heaven or
whether they were Devils. Some among them, on Its first approach, even imagined
It to be a fish, or some sea monster, so that strange rumor concerning it flew
throughout the whole country. We have heard the Indians also frequently say,
that they knew of no other world or people previous to the arrival of the Nether-
landers here. For these reasons, therefore, and on account of the similarity of
Climate, Situation and fertility, this place is rightly called New Netherland. It
Is situate along the North Coast of America, in the latitude of 38, 39, 40, 41, 42
degrees, or thereabouts. It Is bounded on the North Bast side by New England,
on the South West by Virginia; the coast trends mostly South West and North
East, and is washed by the Ocean; on the North runs the river of Canada, a
great way off in the interior; the North West side is partly still unknown ".

Then an elaborate description is given of the climate, the geography, the topog-
raphy, the soil, the forests, the fruits and vegetation, the animals, domestic and
wild, the foMi, the flsh, the reptiles, mediciual plants, the minerals, clays, etc.
pp. 275-280.

Then follows a description of the Indians, their deliberation of speech, their
Btolldity, their art of healing wounds, their clothing of skins, their currency of
wampum, the painting of their bodies, their boats, Instability of the marriage rela-
tion, the occupations of the men and women, respectively, their huts, etc.

The following Is given of their religious ideas, their idea of justice, etc., pp.
281-3.

" They are divided Into various tribes and languages. Each tribe usually dwells
together, and there is one among them who Is chief; but he does not possess
much power or distinction, except in their dances and In time of war. Some have
scarcely any knowledge of God; others very little. Nevertheless, they relate very
strange fables of the Deity. In general, they have a great dread of the Devil,
who gives them wonderful trouble; some converse freely on the subject and allow
themselves to be strangely Imposed upon by him; but their devils, they say will
not have anything to do with the Dutch. Scarcely a word is heard here of any
ghost or such like. Offerings are sometimes made to them, but with little
ceremony. They believe, also. In an Immortality of the soul; have, likewise, some
knowledge of the Sun, Moon aud Stars, many of which they even know how to
name; they are passable judges of the weather. There Is scarcely any law or
justice among them, except sometimes in war matters, and then very little. The
next of kin Is the avenger; the youngest are the most daring, who mostly do as
they like. Their weapons used to be a war club and the bow and arrow, which
they know how to use with wonderful skill. Now, those residing near, or trading
considerably with the Christians, make use of firelocks and hatchets, which they

beschreven In 't jaer 1644, of which a translation is to be found in Haz. State Pap.
I., 517. He wrote, shortly after, a religious treatise, entitled " Bxauiiuatiou and
Confession for the benefit of those who are Inclined to approach the Table of the
Lord," which he transmitted, by his wife, to the Directors in Amsterdam, for pub-
lication. It was placed in the hands of the Classis of that city to be printed. Mrs.
M. returned to her husband In the Falconer, in 1650.

1649

256 EcoLESiASTiOAL Recoeds

obtain in barter. They are excessively fond of guns; spare no expense on tbem,
and are so expert with them that, in this respect, they excell many Christians.
Their fare, or food, is poor and gross, for they drink water, having no other beverage;
they eat the flesh of all sorts of game that the country supplies: even badgers,
dogs, eagles, and similar trash, which Christians in no way regard; these they
cook and use uncleansed and undressed. Moreover, all sorts of flsh; likewise,
•nakes, frogs, and such like, which they usually cook with the offals and entrails.
They know, also, how to preserve fish and meat for the winter in order then to
cook them with Indian meal. They make their bread, but of very indifferent
quality, of maize, which they also cook whole, or broken in wooden mortars. The
women likewise perform this labor and make a pap or porridge; called by some,
Sapsls, by others, Duundare, which is their daily food; they mis this, also,
thoroughly with little beans, of different colors, raised by themselves; this Is
••teemed by them rather as a dainty, than as a dally dish ".

The writer then proceeds to state the real causes of the Decline of New Nether-
land, pages 29.5-303. He anticipated that these reasons would irritate very many.
The government of New Netherland had been very bad. It was administered
first by the West India Company In Holland; and secondly by their Director
Generals in this country.

The Plans proposed in Holland were wrong. They governed only for their own
profit, and not for the best interests of the Colony. Yet New Netherland is
superior to, and more convenient than New England. But while the Directors
sought to seize large tracts of land, they did not proceed to colonize. Yet they
Bought to control all its trade. There was much smuggling. " Meanwhile the
Christians were treated almost like Indians in the purchase of necessaries which
they cannot do without; this causes great complaint, distress and poverty ". The
merchants sell their goods at a hundred per cent advance, and petty traders stfll
further advance the cost. Liquors especially are advanced more than two hundred
per cent. This drives the people away. The Directors in this country play the
absolute master. Director Kleft boasted that he was Sovereign. Stuyvesant also
denies the right of appeal, applying to himself the maxim " The Prince is above
the law ".

Illustrations of this Arbitrary Power of the Directors, that an Opinion may be
formed of the Lion by his Paw. pp. 299-300.

" Casting our eye, then, over Director Kieft's administration, we come first to the
Church, and we shall speak, after that, of the public property, both ecclesiastical
and civil. But as this man is now dead, and some of his proceedings and acts arc
freely discussed by Jochem Pieterss Cuyter and Cornells Molyn, we shall dispose of
this point as curtly as we possibly can.

" Previous to Director Kieft's bringing the unnecessary war upon the country, his
principal aim and object were to take good care of himself, and to leave behind him
a great name, but without any expense either to himself or the Company; for he
had never yet done anything remarkable for the country by which it was improved.
With that view he considered the erection of a Church very necessary, being a
public work, the rather as it was in contemplation at that time to build a place of
worship in Renselaerswyck. Bearing this in mind, he communicated his views to
the church-masters, of whom he himself was one, who readily approved of and
praised the project. The place where it should stand was then discussed. The
Director wished, and insisted that it should be located in the Fort, where It was
erected In spite of the others. And truly, the location Is as suitable as a fifth
wheel to a coach; for, besides being small, the Fort lies on a point, which would be
of mote importance In case of population; the Church, which ought to be owned by
the people who defrayed the expense of Its construction, intercepts and turns aside
the Southeast wind from the gristmill which stands In that vicinity; and this Is also
one of the causes why a scarcity of bread prevails frequently In summer for want of

OF THE State of Xew Yoek. 257

grinding. But this Is not the sole cause; for the mill Is neglected, and having been
leaky moat of the time. It has become decayed and somewhat rotten, so that It can-
not now work with any more than two arms, and has gone on thus for all of five
years.

" But, returning to the Church from which the gristmill has for a moment diverted
us; the Director concluded, then, to have one built and on the spot which he pre-
ferred. He lacked money; and where was it to be got? It happened, about this
time, that Everardus Bogardus, the clergyman, gave in marriage a daughter, by his
first wife. The Director thought this a good time for his purpose, and set to work
after the fourth or fifth drink; and he himself setting a liberal example, let the wed-
ding guests sign whatever they were disposed to give towards the Church. Each,
then, with a light head, subscribed away at a handsome rate, one competing with
the other; and although some heartily repented it when their senses came back, they
were obliged, neverthiess, to pay; nothing could avail against It. The Church, then,
was located in the Fort, In opposition to every one's opinion. The honor and own-
ership of that work must be inferred from the inscription, which. In our opinion, is
somewhat ambiguous, and reads thus: Anno, 1642. Willem Kleft, Directeur Gen-
erael, heeft de gemeente desen temple doen bouwen. (William Kieft, Director Gen-
eral, has caused the commonalty to build this temple.) But laying that aside, the
people, nevertheless, paid for the Church.

" It is now our time to speak of the Church property, and to do the truth no vio-
lence, we are not aware that there ever has been any, or that the Church hath any
revenue, except what is given to it. Neithe.- the Company nor the Director ever
took the least pains or trouble to obtain or provide any.

" The plate has been a long time passed around for a common school which has
been built with words; for, as yet, the first stone Is not laid; some materials have
only been provided. However, the money given for the purpose hath all disap-
peared and is mostly spent, so that it falls somewhat short; and nothing permanent
has as yet been effected for this purpose.

" The Poor, who, however, are best provided for, have nothing except what is col-
lected in the Church, in addition to a few fines and voluntary offerings from the
Inhabitants; but a considerable portion of the money is in the hands of the Com-
pany, who took it, from time to time, and retained it. They have long promised to
pay interest, but notwithstanding all that is done In the matter, neither principal nor
Interest can be obtained from them.

" There is, occasionally, a fiying report of an hospital and of asylums for orphans
and for old men, etc., but as yet not a sign of an attempt, order or regulation has
been made about them. From all these, then, it is sufficiently apparent, that
scarcely any proper care or diligence has been used by the Company or its ofllcers,
for any ecclesiastical property; and, as far as can be ascertained, nothing in the
least has been done from the beginning up to the present time, but on the contrary,
every care and pains have been taken to attach minions closely, or to make new
ones, as we shall hereafter show In Its own time, and now proceed and see, what
have been the public resources of the government up to the time of our departure,
so that it may bo manifest what pains and diligence the Directors have used and
exercised in this particular ".

1649

Allusions are then again made to the many evils of Kleft's administration, and
that he had done nothing for the people except to build the Church; that Stuyvesant
had done nothing yet for the people except to repair the Church, the Remonstrance
thus proceeds:

" But 60 It was; a thousand ways were sought to shear the sheep before the wool
had grown. Thus, in regard to public works, ihere Is little dlDference between Di-
rector Kleft and Director Stuyvesant; for after the erection of the Church, the
former became negligent and Instituted personal actions against whomsoever he had
a prejudice. The latter hath had much better and more opportunities to assist the
people than his predecessor; for he ha^ no war. He differs from him also, being

1649

258 Ecclesiastical Records

more active and malignant in looking up causes of prosecution against his inno-
cent opponents, than ever his predecessor had been: " Page 303.

After these references to Kieft's conduct in civil and ecclesiastical matters, the
■veriter turns to the Council Chamber. His arbitrary character is still further ex-
hibited in this respect. His persecutions of Rev. Francis Doughty are then thus
exhibited: pages 305-6.

" At this point we are met by one Franciscus Douthy, an English clergyman here,
and one Arnoldus van Hardenbergh, a free merchant, also of this place; but as this
will probably come before your High Mightinesses in full session, in the cases in
which they appear, we shall give merely a summary of them. This clergyman,
Franciscus Douthy, came to New England at the commencement of the troubles in
England, in order to escape them, and found that he had got out of the frying pau
into the fire. He betook himself, in consequence, under the protection of the Neth-
erlanders, in order that he may, according to the Dutch reformation, enjoy freedom
of conscience, which he unexpectedly missed in New England; and the Director
granted and conveyed to him an absolute patent, with manorial privileges. He added
some families now to his settlement, in the course of one year; but the war break-
ing out, they were all driven off their lands, with the loss of some people, and the
destruction of many cattle, of almost all their houses, and whatever they had; they
returned a while after that, and having consumed more than they knew how to
obtain, they came to the Manathans, whither all the refugees at that time fled, and
Master Douthy was minister there.

" After the flame of war had died away, and peace had been concluded, in such a
manner, however, that no one had much reliance on it, some returned again to their
land. The Director would fain see this man go back to his land, in order that every-
thing should have the appearance of being arranged, but as peace was doubtful, and
Master Douthy had no means to begin with, he was not in a hurry; he went, how-
ever, sometime after, and resided there half a year, and he again removed, as it was
seized; for in the hope that some others would establish a village there, a suit was
instituted against the Minister, and carried so far, that the land was confiscated.
Master Douthy finding himself aggrieved, appealed from the judgment. The Direc-
tor answered, there was no appeal from his decision which must be final, and in con-
sequence of his remark, sentenced the Minister to be imprisoned for the space of
twenty four hours, and then pay twenty five guilders. We have always considered
this act tyrannical, and regarded it as an instance of sovereignty.

" In the beginning, also, when Director Kieft was still here, the English Clergy-
man (Doughty) requested permission to depart to the Islands or to Netherland, as
he had lived and labored a long while without proper maintenance, and as his
land was now confiscated; but he always received an unfavorable answer and was
threatened with this and that. Finally, it came to pass that he may depart on con-
dition of promising under his hand that, wherever he should go, he would not men-
tion, nor complain of the manner he was treated here in New Netherland by Direc-
tor Kieft or Stuyvesant. This the man himself declares. Mr. Dlnklagen and Com-
mander Looper, who were then members of the Council, also vouch for its truth.
If the Directors can now justify it to their own consciences, 'tis a wonder what
they will then do with such certificates; and many other things of a similar char-
acter have occurred, but very secretly."

IN WHAT MANNER NEW NETTHERLAND SHOULD BE RELIEVED.
" Although we are satisfied and fully aware, that, as respects public reforms, we
are but as children, and that your High Mightinesses are fully competent in the
case, yet we beseech you to pardon and excuse us, if we, according to our humble
conception thereof, make a few suggestions in addition to what we have already
considered, in our petition to your High Mightinesses, to be necessary.

OF THE State of ISTew York. 259

" In our opinion this country will never flourish under the Honorable Company's
government; on the contrary 'twill waste and decay in Itself, unless the Company be.
In consequence, reformed. It would, therefore, be better and more advantageous
for the country and themselves were they rid of it and the remnant of their prop-
erty transported hence.

" To speak specifically: care ought to be taken of the public property, both ecclesi-
astical and civil, which in the beginning can illy be spared or dispensed with. It is
doubtful but Divine Worship must be entirely intermitted in consequence of the
Clergyman's departure, (Backerus) and the Company's inability. There ought to be
also a Public school provided with at least two good teachers, so that the youth.
In so wild a country, where there are so many dissolute people, may, first of all, be
well instructed and indoctrinated not only in reading and writing, but also in the
knowledge and fear of the Lord. Now, the school Is kept very irregularly, by this
one or that, according to his fancy, as long as he thinks proper. There ought to be,
likewise. Asylums for aged men, for orphans, and similar institutions. The clergy-
man who now returns home, could give fuller Information on the subject. The coun-
try must also be provided with moral, honorable and intelligent rulers who are not
very indigent nor yet very covetous: A covetous ruler makes poor subjects, and the
mode in which the country is now governed, is a great afllictlon and not to be tol-
erated; for no one is unmolested nor secure in his property any longer than the
Director pleases, who is generally very prone to confiscation. And though men
act fairly and give him his due, yet it is necessary still to continue to please him.
If one would have quietness. Good population should follow good government, as
we have demonstrated, according to our ability, in our petition. And although free
passage and the fitting out of ships, were such requisites, would, at first, cause ex-
pense, yet when the result is considered, such an outlay would be immeasurably well
employed, if farmers and laborers with other people in straightened circumstances,
of whom Fatherland has plenty to spare, were by that means introduced with what
little they may have, into the country. We hope it would then prosper, especially
had It, what we consider to be the mother of population, good Privileges and Ex-
emptions, which could encourage the inhabitants; attract navigation and profitable
trade, and with pleasantness, convenience, salubrity and productiveness of the coun-
try, allure everyone hither. If a boundary were added in the protection, to what
has already been done, then with God's help everything, would, in human proba-
bility, go well, and New Netherland could be, in a short time, a brave place, able,
also, to be of service to the Netherland State, to richly repay expended outlays
and to thank her benefactors.

" High and Mighty Lords! We have taken the liberty to write this Remonstrance,
and to submit the case as we have done, through love of the truth, and because we
have felt bound to do so by our oath and conscience. It is true that all of us, either
together or individually, have not seen, heard or had a knowledge of the entire con-
tents in every particular; nevertheless it contains nothing but what some among us
well know to be true and credible. We all know the greatest part of it to be truth;
some are acquainted with the remainder of it, and have also heard it from trust-
worthy persons, and sincerely believe it to be wholly true. We hope your High
Mightinesses will pardon our presumption, and be Indulgent to our plainness of
style, composition and method. In conclusion, we commit your High Mightinesses"^
persons, deliberations and measures with your people both at home and abroad,
together with all friends of New Netherland, to the merciful guidance and protection
of the Most High, whom we supplicate to grant prosperity to your High Mighti-
nesses in time and eternity. AMKN.

Done this XXVIII July, In New Netherland, 1G49.

" (Signed) Adriaeu van der Donck, Augustyn Ilarman, Arnoldus van Harden-
bergh, Jacob van Couwenhoven, Oloff Stevens, (beside whose name Is written) " un-
der protest. Obliged to sign as to the Heer Kieft's administration ". Mlchiel Janss,
Thomas Hall, Elbert Elberts, Govert Lokermans, Hendrlck Hcndrixs Kip and Jan
Everts Bout.

" (Underneath stood)

1649

260 Ecclesiastical Recoeds '

After collating with the Original Remonstrance dated and subscribed as above,
this Is found to agree with It, at the Hague the 13th October 1649 by me.

(Signed) D. V. Schelluyne, Not. Pub.

1649."— Col. Docs. N. Y. 1. 271-318.

This whole Remonstrance was referred to a Committee. See their Digest, Jan 27,
1660.

The Petition accompanying this Remonstrance may be seen in Col. Docs. N. Y. 1.
259--261. The eleven signatures to It were probably all members of the Dutch
Church. Among other Items mentioned as causes of the low condition of the coun-
try Is: " 5th the loss of the Princess ". She carried much wealth besides Director
Kleft and Domlne Bogardus.

Synod of jSToeth Holland, at Edam.

' Art. 15. Plan for East and West India Affairs.

1649, Aug. 9 et seq.

Regarding Art. 19, (1648), concerning tte Plan about East
and West India affairs : It was learned from the Rev. Corre-
spondent to Utrecht, where the proposed Plan had not jet been
accepted, that this matter had been referred back to the several
Classes, to bring in their resolutions at the ensuing Synod. This
vnll be awaited. Meantime our correspondent who shall attend
that Synod, shall use all diligence to move the said Rev. Synod
to the acceptance of the Plan mentioned.

■ Art. 28. East and West India Affairs.

Concerning East and West India affairs: After the question
was put to the Classes what had occurred within their respective
bounds, the Rev. Deputies (delegates) from the Classis of Am-
sterdam handed over the followine; extracts from letters:

Article 30.

Rev. Backerius, minister in ISTew ISTetherland, requested, per
letter, to be released, from his office there by spring, and that an-
other be sent in his place; for the congregation there consists of
one hundred and seventy members. Besides a capable school-
master is in the highest degree necessary there.

OF THE State of I^ew York. 261

1649

Article 31.

Kev. Megapolensis, minister at Kensselaerwyck, also makes

known that lie intends to depart again for the Fatherland in the

spring. He requests that by that time another be sent in his

stead. .-...•. '

Article 32.

Extract from the Acts of the Synod of Utrecht held in Au-
gust and September, 1648. !

Eegarding the direction of the East and West India Churches:
The advices of the respective Classes, to be introduced into Synod,
are awaited.

Art. 36. Ecclesiastical Changes.

Among the Classical changes reported to Synod this year, ap-
pears the following item: Classis of Alkmaar: Eev. John Nieu-
wenhuysen of Wyck-op-zee, goes to Aelsmeer. j

Classis of Amsterdam.
Acts of the Deputies. Rev. John Megapolensis.

1649, Oct. 25th.

A letter was read from Eev. John Megapolensis in Kew aSTeth-
erland; and one from Rev. Bullans in Muscovy. These will be
laid before Classis. xx. 227.

Correspondence from America. Rev. Peter Stuyvesant, elder
in the church of iS'ew Amsterdam, to the Classis of Amsterdam,
August, 1649.

Reverend, Yer^^ Learned and Honorable Gentlemen, Beloved and
Dear Brethren in Christ:

Yery Reverend Fathers: —

My last letter, ^vl'itten at the request of the joint Consistory,
was dated on the 11th of Sept. 1648, about eleven months ago.

262 Ecclesiastical Records

The safe arrival of the ship by which it was seat, leads us to
hope, that the letter was received by you. In it we exhibited to
you the condition of the Church here, to the best of our knowl-
edge. We refer you to that, that we may not trouble you, in
your honorable and difficult, but God pleasing duties, with a twice
told tale. We can thus determine, especially, because upon his
own urgent request, our late teacher and brother in Christ,
Domine John Backer, quicker in his speach than with his pen,
is about going over (to Holland) and will relate our present con-
dition. His departure would more greatly grieve us and many
others, considering the necessity of divine service here, if the
Rev. Domine Johannis Megapolensis, late preacher in Rens-
selaer's Colony, had not set the honor of God, the service of the
Church, and the saving of human souls, above his own very im-
portant business, and his reasons for removal. But he allowed
himself to be persuaded by our urgent requests and conclusive
reasons, to take upon himself, for the present, the Church ser-
vice here. Knowing the actual needs of the Church and fearing,
in view of the poverty of the Hon. Company, that Ave might not
easily obtain another able teacher from home, we made use of as
persuasive arguments as possible, and inductive reasons, taking
great trouble to keep him here. We prayed God, that we might
succeed, for the honor of liis holy name, the advantage of his
■Church, the increase of (Christian) knowledge with salvation, and
for our mutual peace and harmony. We hope also, that he may
with God's favor, serve this feeble lukewarm, and faint hearted
congregation for a long time. But the contrary is to be feared,
unless the Rev. Classis consent to it, and also the lioble and Hon.
Directors obtain permission therefrom, and indemnification from
his former patrons, the trustees of the Colony (of Rensselaers-
vryck;) and unless he can have assurance concerning his salary,
and provision be made for sending over his wife and children.
We have thought it necessary most humbly to communicate all
this to the Rev. Classis, that the Committee on Indian Affairs
may be authorized and ordered to promote all these matters.

OF THE State of JSTew York. 263

1649

Otherwise the delay in his Reverence's removal would incon-
venience the congregation too much, and almost deprive them of
the hope of ever being again supplied with a minister of such
eloquence, eminence and fitness, in teaching and life; but all three
of these virtues with many others are very much needed in the
church here.

Besides the foregoing, we must again trouble your Reverence
Math a second request, which we have heretofore presented to you.
We need a pious and diligent schoolmaster and precentor. A
year has now passed since we were deprived of such help. By
this our young people have gone backward, even to grow wild
quae nihil agendo male agere discit. In view of the fact that a
good schoolmaster is not less needed here, than a good preacher,
as we have above explained in detail to your Reverences and to
the Hon. Directors, we rely upon your usual excellent facilities
and pious zeal for securing the one, and a favorable decision in
the other. We hope, that in a short time we shall have occasion
to thank you for both. In the meantime, we and many others
pray God for your well being, and for your growth in his holy
grace. Herewith closing, w^e commend your Reverences to God,
tlie Father, to our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the communion of
the Holy Ghost, remaining,

Very Reverend Fathers and Beloved Brethren,
Tour affectionate servant,
P. Stuyvesant.
Oct. 1649.

Rev. John Backerus.

1649, Nov. 1st.

Rev. John Backerus having come as minister from New Neth-
ei'land, exhibited his credentials to the Classis, and requested
therewith to be admitted here in this country ad publicas con-
dones, and to be aided by the Classis in securing his compensa-
tion from the West India Company. His credentials being good,
his last request was granted. As regards the former, he was re-

1649

264 Ecclesiastical Records

ferred to the Synod, in accordance with Synodical injunction.
V. 138 ; xxvi. 52.

Ministers at the Eecife.*

1649, K'ov. 9-30th.

It was resolved to renew before the Hon. Directors of the West
India Companj the request of the ministers at the Eecife, in re-
gard to an increase of their salaries; inasmuch as all things had
become dear, on account of the long continued siege; and the
ordinary salary did no longer suffice, xx. 228.

Acts of the Deputies.

1649, Dec. 27th.

A letter from Eev. Mr. Megapolensis, pastor in Xew ISTether-
land was read in which he states the reasons why he remained
iit Manhattan, although he intended to have gone to the Father-
land upon receiving his dismissal. He also requests that another
minister be sent to Rensselaerswi^ck in his stead. The brethren
resolved to wait upon the Messrs. Directors about this matter,
and to request them to confirm the Rev. Mr. Megapolensis in his
charge, and to furnish his Reverence A^-ith an honorable stipend;
also to recommend to the guardian of the Rentselaer wards, to
be pleased to send another minister to that colony. In addition
it was resolved to write to Rev. Mr. Megapolensis, and to inform
him of our full approval of his determination to remain, xx.
229. (See Col. Hist. K Y. i. 389, 431.)

The Classis to the Rev. John Megapolensis, written to ISTew Neth-
erland, Jan. 10th, 1650. xxvi. 61.

Reverend, Godly, and Highly Learned Ministerial Brother, and
co-laborer in the Work of the Lord : —

We received your communication of Aug. 18, 1649. It was
all the more pleasant to us, because it informed us, that although

* This was the lower part of Mauritzstad, the capital of Dutch Brazil. It was
built on the reef. Rev. J. T. Polhemus, afterward of Brooklyn was in Brazil 1635-54.

OF THE State of New Yokk. 265

1649

on your v:aj to the Fatherland, you did finally resolve, at the
urgent request of the General, the Council and the People, on
the Manhattan, to remain there in the service of the West India
Company: and this you did, because otherwise all 'New Nether-
land would necessarily be deprived of the pure worship of God,
on account of the departure of Rev. John Cornelisson Backer,
who is yet without charge. This was truly a sufficient reason^
and justly influenced you to remain.

We commend your excellent zeal in this matter, and have ac-
cordingly requested from the Hon. Directors of the West India
Company their approbation of your act, and a fair remuneration
for you. They have acceded to both requests. They declare that
they are willing to give you such remuneration as they have been
accustomed to give their pastors.

The bearer of this, William Vestensz of Haerlem, goes as Com-
forter of the Sick, and schoolmaster, at the request of the Hon.
Director Stuyvesant, and the church of Manhattan, and with the
approval of the Hon. Directors of the West India Company. The
said Hon. Directors also mentioned two others, so as to secure one
of them, but they have not appeared, and we do not know their
residence, else we might have corresponded with them. William
Vestensz is an excellent God fearing man. We trust that he may
be acceptable, and do good service.

It is further proper for you to know that we have conferred
with the guardians of the Renselaer children, and have requested
that they would be pleased to send another pastor in your place
to the Eenselaer colony. We have also published that the whole
church there earnestly desires this. The guardians say that they
were satisfied with your services. They wished that you had come
hither, as they Avould have been inclined to make a new contract
with you, that you might have returned thither and continued your
services there. But inasmuch as it pleased you to remain in the
service of the West India Company at Manhattan, they are in-
clined to send over another suitable person. They must now, first
ascertain, however, where the salary for a pastor is to come from,

266 Ecclesiastical Records

1649

and to that end tliej have written to their agent there. Mean-
while we shall not neglect to urge them to send a suitable person
to the Renselaer colonies by the first opportunity.

In closing we send you our friendly greetings. Please con-
vey such greetings also to the Hon. Director Stuyvesant. We
commend you to God's gracious protection, while we remain,

Your affectionate Fellow-brethren, the Committee on East and
West Indian Church Affairs. In behalf of the Classis of Am-
sterdam,

Done at Eleazar Swalminus, Pres. of the Assembly.

Amsterdam Eredericus Kesslerus, Sec. of the Deputies.

Jan. 10, 1650.

Report of Committee on the Remonstrance. Digest and
1650 Extract, Relating to the Church.

.Digest of Excesses and ISTeglect of I^ew l^etherland under the
West India Company. Exhibited, January 27th, 1650, to the
meeting of the Deputies of their High Mightinesses, and given to
the Directors. (1642-50.)

Of the Church; Ecclesiastical Property and Benevolent Institutions.

12. Contrary to the advice of the Churchmasters and the sound opinion of others,
the Church was located in the Fort, which is exceedingly small; so that the Church
occupies almost one fourth part of it; moreover shutting off the southeast wind from
the Mill; Director Kieft's will and pleasure herein must be obeyed.

13. The Church was built by a collection among the People, and the Directors will
have it the property of the Company.

14. No care or attention has hitherto been paid to secure or obtain Ecclesiastical
property, or to select anything for the purpose.

15. A plate has long been going around for a School, but the money has been di-
verted; some few materials have been bought for it, but the first stone is yet to be
laid.

16. The poor's money is mostly in the hands of the Company, who have paid
neither principal nor interest.

17. There was indeed a flying report about an orphan-house, hospital and asylum
for the aged, but it amounted to nothing.

18. The Directors have made no effort to convert to Christianity either the Indians,
or the Blacks or Slaves, owned by the Company there.

21. The unjust proceedings of the Directors against Francis Douthey the Minister,
■who, because he appealed from Kieft's unrighteous sentence, was put in prison and
obliged to pay a fine of twenty five guilders before he could be set at liberty.

34. Francis Douthey, an English Clergyman, was subjected to an utterly unjust
condition before he was allowed to depart — never to mention how illegally he had

OF THE State of N^ew York. 267

been treated in New Netherland; and because he would not execute an obligation
to tliat effect, he would not be permitted to leave.

Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 335. See also pp. 299, 300, 305-6; 311.

1650

Answer of the West India Company to the Remonstrance from New Netherland,
made to the States General; January 31st, 1650.

12. The Church was erected, for satisfactory reasons, in the fort.

13. It cost much more than eight thousand guilders whereof it cannot be proved
that the people paid eight hundred; the collection taken up by subscription, hath
realized the least.

14. We request that they declare what they understand by ecclesiastical property.

15. The Director hath not the administration of the money that was taken up on
the plate; but Jacob Couwenhoven, who is one of the petitioners, hath kept account
•of it in his quality of Churchmasters.

16. 'Tis acknowledged that the Company is indebted to the Deaconry, nine or ten
hundred guilders, according to the tenor of the obligation thereof drawn up in New
Netherland Anno 1649. The first interest thereupon will fall due Anno 1650.

17. The Company's circumstances admitted of the building neither of an hospital
nor orphan asylum, which are not very necessary there as yet.

18. Everj' one conversant with the Indians in, and around New Netherland, will be

able to say, that it is morally impossible to convert the adults to the Christian faith.

Besides, 'tis a Minister's business to apply himself to that, and the Director's duty

to assist him therein.

Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 340.

21. liespecting this Article, we refer to the sentence.

34. (Rev.) Francis Douthey being indebted to the Company about eleven hundred
guilders, petitioned, in New Netherland, for permission to depart. The Director and
Council are willing to allow him to do so, but think they ought first of all be paid;
his incapacity so to do, was the reason why he was not allowed to depart, and it
must be proved that the Director required from him any obligation under his hand.
— Col. Docs. N. Y. 1. 341.

Furtiier Extracts from the Reply to the Report of Com-
mittee on the Remonstrance.

1650.
The Director never had anything to do with the property of the church. A
subscription was entered into in Kleffs time to aid in the erection of that build-
ing, which, however, was not paid. " The Company paid the workmen." The
consistory was satisfied at the time that it should be located in the fort; but
these people considered the Company's fort not worthy the honor of a church.
It is true the new schoolhouse had not been built, but this was not the fault of
the Director, who is busy collecting materials, but of the churchmasters, who had
charge of the funds which the commonalty subscribed. In the meanwhile, a place
for ihe school had been provided and held. Other teachers keep school in hired
houses, so that the youth are furnished with the means of education, according
to the circumstances of the country. 'Tls true there is no Latin school nor
academy; those of the commonalty who require such, can look to it and supply
the funds. The deacons are accountable for what concerns the poor. They can
tell where the money is gone, and who have had It from time to time on interest.
The Director never administered these funds. Director Kleft borrowed all the
small fines and penalties imposed by the court, and placed in the poor's box.
" He opened the box with the consent of the deacons, and took the contents "
on interest. The sum was of small amount.

1650

268 Ecclesiastical Eecords

It Is true that there are no duties either on exports or imports in the latter
plantations, but the property of each inhabitant is assessed, and he is obliged to
pay according to his means. In this way he is taxed to build and support
churches and schools; to maintain preachers and schoolmasters; to erect public
buildings in cities and villages; to construct and repair all highways and bridges;

1650.

What more frivolous request could be made than that the Company should quit
the country. At its own charge that body has conveyed people and cattle thither,
erecting forts, and assisted many poor emigrants from Holland with provisions
and clothing. And now that some have " a little more than they can consume In
a day," they ungratefully wish to be relieved from the authority of their bene-
factors, even without paying them, if they could. They further demand that pro-
vision be made for the support of religion and the diffusion of education, and for
the erection of asylums and hospitals. If they be such friends to religion, educa-
tion and charity as they pretend, let them be leaders in a subscription to such
laudable undertakings, and not complain as they did when asked to contribute for
the church and school-house. " Had the Director demanded a collection for an
orphan asylum and hospital, what an outcry would not have been raised." The
vacancy created by the departure of the Rev. Mr. Backerus is filled " by a learned
and holy minister, who needs no interpreter when defending the Reformed rellgioa
against the preachers of our neighbors, the English Brownlsts."

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

1650, Jan. 31st.

The Eev. President Swalmiiis, and the clerk, reported in ref-
erence to their commission that they recommended to the Messrs.
Directors of the West India Company, William Vestens of Haer-
lem, for schoolmaster and Visitor of the Sick in New Netherland,
and that he has been accepted by the above named gentlemen,
and will be sent at the earliest opportunity.

Moreover they report that Rev. Mr. Megapolensis had taken
leave of Eensselaerswyck, and has entered the sendee of the Com-
pany in Xew ISTetherland, (ISTew Amsterdam) at the request of the
General and of the congregation there; that he desires the Di-
rectors to give him their approval, and that they should promise
to provide him with an honorable salary.

Further, that they (the Deputies) had reiterated the petition
of the ministers in regard to an increase of their salaries, and that
the Directors had agreed to give the same in charge of a commit-
tee; that this committee would proceed in a few days to the Hague

OF THE State of Xew Yoke. 269

to deliberate on the matter ^\'it]i the other committees from the
respective chambers, seeing it %vas a petition of a general nature.
Finally, (they report), that they had conferred ^vith the guard-
ians of the Rensselaer wards, and that they had requested them
to be kind enough to send another minister in place of Kev. Mr.
Megapolensis, to Rensselaerswyck. They had indeed manifested
a willingness to do this, but as they could not very well supply
the means of support, they would first write to ISTew Xetherland.
XX. 230.

DiRECTOES IN Holland to Stuyvesant : Rev.

Megapolensis Schoolmaster Sent Out: Remonstrance
FROM New Netherland :

1650

The recommendation of the Rev. Domine Megapolensis has in so far been at-
tended by us, that we have paid to his wife six hundred florins as six months
salary: as to how she has been treated by the heirs of van Renselaer on account
of his services in their district, and which he will learn from his wife, we prefer
to say nothing about it.

At your request we have engaged a schoolmaster, who is to serve also as com-
forter of the sick. He is considered as an honest and pious man and will come
over by the first chance.

Your apprehensions concerning Domine Baclkerus, the preacher, have, as you
expected, been verified. He has made common cause with the complainants, come
from your parts, silly people — at least the majority of them — who have been
badly misli-d by a few seditious persons, like Cornelius Melyn, Adrian van der
Donck and some others. These men seem to leave nothing untried, to upset every
kind of government, pretending that they suflerod under too heavy a yoke.
Wouter van Twiller confirms them in this opinion and alms at the command of the
whole North River: he admits publicly, that he does not Intend to allow any one
to navigate the river for the purpose of trade, and says, he will resist any one
coming there or to Itensselaerswyck; maintaining besides, fhat Fort Orangs is built
upon the soil of Reusselaerswyck and that therefore the Company has no right
to let houses be built or private parties trade there. He forgets, that this fort
was erected fifteen years before Rensselaerswyck was ever mentioned, that it has
been always garrisoned by the Company's men, and that a trading house has
been kept there for the account of the Company until the year lt>44. The trade In
peltries was exclusively reserved until then for the Company and it should remain
so, were the Company In the condition to keep their storehouses well provided
with the right goods: we hope that in good time we shall find means, to exclude
from this trade all these impertinent fellows; we are justified in using our right,
which this ungrateful customer, who, so to say, has sucked his welfare from the
breasts of the Company, now tries to abuse. The traders generally have already
complained to us and ask In the enclosed document to be maintained in their
trade.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 117, 119, 120.
February IG, 1650.

1650

2T0 Ecclesiastical Records

' ' ■ • 1650, March 4.

Information respecting New Netherland.

After describing ttie land, and speaking of ttie proper cattle for the locality,^
and the diflferent classes of artizans needed, with farmers, etc. (Col. Docs. N. Y.
i. 356-371.) we lind the following:

" A clergyman, comforter of the sick, or precentor, who could also act as
schoolmaster ". — Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 370.

Report of the Committee of the States General on the Affairs of New Netherland.

1650.

Provisional Order respecting the Government, Preservation and Peopling of New
Netherland:

After lengthy conferences with the Directors of the West India Company, a
Report was adopted. — See Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 387-391:

In reference to Religion.

New Netherland being at present provided with only one clergyman, orders shall
be given forthwith for the immediate calling and support of at least three preach-
ers; one to attend to Divine Service at Renselaer's Colonic; the second in and
about the city of New Amsterdam, and the third in the distant places; and the
Commonalty shall be also obliged to have the youth instructed by good school-
masters.— Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 389.

The Amsterdam Chamber made several " observations " on the said report. In
reference to Religion:

1650, April, 11:

6. Those of the Colonic of Rensselaers-Wyck must pay their own clergyman,
and are busy inquiring for a person. New Amsterdam is provided, and none is
yet required in the out-lying places. [See Way 24, 1650.] — Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 392.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Rev. David Roderen; Casp. Carpentier.

1650, March 7th.

The Consistory of Amsterdam represented that they had heard
Rev. David Roderen, formerly a candidate of the Classis, and
now dwelling at Amsterdam; and Rev. Caspanis de Carpentier,
at present, minister at Amersfoort, as ministers (candidates) for
the service of their congi-egation. They had also received the
approval of their noble magistrates, and now they requested that
the Classis would also approve the same. So be it. The Classis
having given heed unto this request, do also, in the fear of the
Lord, approve the election and calls of these two individuals, and
wish the blessing of the Lord upon the church of Amsterdam,
unto the consummation of the same. v. 143.

OF THE State of ISTew Yokk. 271

Acts of the Deputies.

Rev. Megapolensis.

1650, Mar. 7th.

The Rev. Deputies reported to the Classis of Amsterdam, that
Rev. Megapolensis, at the urgent request of the Director and peo-
ple of ISTew Ketherland, has bound himself anew to the service
of the Company, and requested the approval of his course and a
proper salary. Both requests have been granted by the Com-
pany.

They further reported that William Vestens, a schoolmaster
from TIaerlem, has been sent thither; also that they have con-
ferred with the guardians of the Renselaer children, and have
requested them to send another pastor to Rensselaerswyck in place
of Megapolensis. They were inclined to do this, but they said
that they must first write, and receive an answer thence,
xxvi. 63.

Rev. John Backerus.

1650, April 4th.

Rev. John Backerus, late pastor in Curacoa, and in Kew Neth-
erland, informs us that the Classis of Alckmaer has charged him
to present his certificate of dismissal from the churches he has
served. He requests therefore from this Classis a certificate that
he has returned from those regions in accordance with the con-
sent, and to the satisfaction of the people. He desires also a
testimonial as to the result of his examination before this Classis.

The Classis grants both these requests, and orders the secre-
tary to give him a proper testimonial. This was done. (See Col.
Docs. K Y. i. 431.) xxvi. 64.

Rev. William Grasmeer.

The Rev. Dcputati ad res Indicas represent, that Rev. William
Grasmeer, pastor at Grafdyck in the Classis of Alckmaer, being
under Classical censure, has deserted his post, without the knowl-

272 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

edge of tke Classis, and is intending to journey to New Nether-
land.

They therefore inquire, whether the Patroons of Rensselaers-
w;)^ck, present in this city, and also the church of Manhatan in
New Netherland ought not to be warned against him in that he
will arrive there without an ecclesiastical certificate? Otherwise
they may put too great confidence in him, and cause offence and
disquietude in the church there.

It is deemed proper to do this, in the name of the Classis,
through the Deputati ad res Indicas. xxvi. 64.

1650, April 4th.

The Rev. Deputati ad res Indicas represent, that William Gras-
meer, a minister in the Classis of Alkmaer, at Grafdyck, being
under censure of Classis, has left his charge without the knowl-
edge of Classis, with the intention of journeying in New Nether-
land. They ask in reference to this matter, whether the Patroons
of Rensselaer's wyck, who are here in town, and the church in
New Netherland, (at Rensselaer's wyck) ought not to be warned
against him, since he will arrive there without any ecclesiastical
endorsement. Thus they will not put too much confidence in him,
lest he cause some offence or disturbance in the church there. It
was judged to be proper thus to do. This vnll be done in the
name of the Classis by the Deputies ad res Indicas. v. 151.

Acts of the Deputies and their Correspondence.

l*he Classis of Amsterdam to Rev. Consistory of the Reformed
Church at Manhattan, in New Netherland, regarding Rev.
William Grasmeer. xxvi. 64.

Reverend, Godly, Highly Learned, Provident, Most Discreet, and
Beloved Fellow-Brethren in the Lord: —

Whereas we understand that Rev. William Grasmeer, pastor at
Grafdyck, being under censure of the Rev. Classis of Alckmaer,
has left his church, and is said to be determined to depart to New

OF THE State of IsTew York. 273

[N'etlierlaiid, without, however, being first reconciled to his wife,
and tlie aforementioned Classis, and also goes thither without our
permission: — We therefore deem it necessary to acquaint your
Eev. Body with these things, and to warn you that you do not
allow him to ofiiciate in any of the duties of the ministerial office,
if perchance he should so desire, until he shall have rendered satis-
faction to the Classis of Alckmaer, and be lawfully called to such
service. A contrary course would be in violation of the order of
the Synod, and cause great offence here.

We trust that you -VAall not show yourselves recalcitrant in this
matter. We remain. Reverend and Much Beloved Fellow-Breth-
ren_,

Your Reverences' devoted to command. In the name of the
Classis of Amsterdam, the Committee on Ecclesiastical Af-
fairs in the East and West Indies.

Eleazar Swalminus.
Eredericus Kesslerus,
Given in our Sec. of the Deputies.

Classical Meeting, Johannes Rulitius, Co-deputatus.

April 4, 1650. Philips Metzu, Elder.

The Grasmeer Case, 1650, April 11th. Rev. Frederick Kes-
lerus in the Chair.

A certain communication from this meeting, wa-itten by the or-
der of the Classis, to the consistory of Manhattan in New ISTeth-
erland, was read. Therein they are warned not to permit Rev.
William Grasmeer, pastor at Grafdyck, which belongs to the
Classis of Alckmaer, to preach or to administer any church ordi-
nance. He is intending to go there; but he is under censure of
said Classis, having left his congregation without their knowledge.

The Rev. President informed the meeting that on April 7, two

Deputies of the Classis of Alckmaer, viz. Rev. Mr. Kn\-f and

Rev. Mr. Mensevoet, had had an intendew vdih him and Rev. Mr.

Rultius, and had explained to them what had been done in their

Classis, in reference to the above mentioned William Grasmeer;
IS

274 Ecclesiastical Eecorbs

he has "been suspended from the performance of ministerial func-
tions by their Classis, in confirmation Avhereof, they furnished a
copy of said action from their Classical record; that he had also
left his congregation without the knowledge of the Classis, or
without giving any satisfaction to the same. They therefore re-
quested in the name of their Classis, as well as in the name of our
own, that timely warning be given to the consistory at Manhattan,
not to permit said Grasmeer to preach or perform any church
ordinance until he be reconciled to the Classis of Alckmaer, and
shall have given satisfaction to the same.

The Brethren Deputies from Alckmaer were also infonned that
our Classis had already taken action in this case, and our letter
to the consistory at Manhattan, was read to their Reverences.
The said Deputies were satisfied therewith, and thanked our Classis
for their vigilance, xx. 234.

1650, April 16th.

Copy of the resolution of the Rev. Classis of Alckmaer, concern-
ing Rev. William Grasmeer. xxvi. 65.

Rev. William Grasmeer: — You are hereby cited to appear im-
mediately upon receipt hereof, before our Classical Assembly, to
give reasons for the abandonment of your church, to the end that
all action in the matter henceforth, may tend to God's glory and
the best welfare of this Church. In default of your appearance,
the Classis will treat you as a deserter who abandons his church
in violation of proper order.

It is also understood that you have lightly presumed to preach,
at Koedyck, or elsewhere. This is emphatically forbidden you
until you have made satisfaction to the Classis.

Expecting that obedience which you owe to the Classis, be com-
mended to God.

In the name, and by order of all,

Nicholas Rensius,

April 16, 1650. Sec. protem of Classis.

OF THE State of New York. 275

Grasmeer's Answer. XXVI. 65.

This being immediately received, he responded: Xo one can
prove that I have abandoned my church. I can prove the con-
trary by the testimony of the church; but that I have separated
from them is known to all unprejudiced parties.

And what should I do before you? Already you show, by
forbidding me to preach, what you mean to do, did I come. There-
fore I propose not to appear before you.

Do and act in such a way that you may be able to vindicate
yourselves before God and unprejudiced parties. Farewell.

William Grasmeer, Pastor.

Rev. Casp. de Carpentier.

1650, April 19th.

Rev. Casparus Cai*pentier,* who has been called and installed
as a minister in the Church of Amsterdam, having shown proper
and excellent certificates as to doctrine and life, both from the
Classis, and from the church of Amersfoort, was also welcomed,
congratulated and accepted as a member of our Classis. v. 152.

Directors to Stuyvesant : Result of the Remoiststrance
[of July 28, 1649] from Xew Xethebland : Rev. Mega-
poLENSis' Tract on Confession: Schoolmaster

1650, April 20th.
Honorable, Worthy, Pious, Faithful.

Our last letters were of the IGth of February and 24th of March; in the former
we told you, how the Deputies, who had come here from New Netherland, by all
imaj^inablo means, many of which were to work indirectly, had known to give
to llieir propositions such an appearance, that a number of mature minds have
been deceived. Their undertaking then, assuming a look of danger for your repu-

♦ Casparus de Carpentier was called from the church of Amersfoort to be one
of the collegiate ministers of the church of Amsterdam on April 17th 1650, being
the 48th minister called to that church. He died on May 12, 1667. He wa3|
probably the father of Rev. Casparus Carpentier, mentioned In a letter of Mega-
polcnsis and Drisius, Aug. 5, 1657, who settled at New Amstel, Del. He Is again
referred to in a letter of Oct. 10, 1688. This Carpentier was a brother-in-law of
Jean Paul Jacques, Commandant at Fort Casimir Delaware. See Doc. Hist. N. Y.
iii. 69-72, 4to ed.; Murphy's Anthology, lOSj Spottswood's Historical Sermon, New-
Castle, Del. 185'J. Dr. Spottswood says: " In 1684 there died in this town a
French clergyman. It is presumed he was one of the exiled Huguenots."

276 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

tation, the interest of the Company and especially this Department of Amsterdam,
we were compelled to communicate with the Magistrates of this city, who have
In so far countenanced our complaints, that they showed themselves inclined, to
uphold our privileges. Very iiliely a great explosion would have been the result,
if it had not been prevented by the careful management of the honorable Deputies
from their High: Might:, who have discovered means, by which they expect to.
satisfy provisionally either side. A copy of their resolves goes herewith; you
may judge by it, how much trouble we have had and how dangerous it is to
draw upon yourself the wrath of a growing community. We must suppose, that
you have trusted too much to some of these ringleaders or become too intimate
with them: now, that their ingratitude and treachery have come to light, you must
Still act with the cunning of a fox and treat them In regard to the past conform-
ably with the abovementioned resolutions, to prevent that a new mistake may not
make matters worse, than the first one did, and that we may not be troubled any
more by such contemptuous bickerings; the more so, as the Company is already
sufficiently embarrassed.

The wife of Domine Megapolensis will tell you herself, what satisfaction we
have given her at your request: We shall consult with the deputed brethren of the
Reverend Classls in regard to the printing of the Domine's manuscript on Con-
fession* and Inform you of their opinion.

The Schoolmaster,! for whom you asked, goes out with this ship: God grant,
that he may confirm the good character, which he has borne here, and continue
for a long time in the edification of the youths. — Coi. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 122, 123.

Freedoms and Exemptons Granted by the West India Com-
pany TO All Going to IsTew ]^etherland: So Ear as Re-
• LATEs to Education, Religion, etc. [See March 4, 1650.]

1650, May 24.

" The Patroons and Colonists shall also particularly endeavor to devise, In the
speediest manner, some means among themselves, whereby they will be able to
support a clergyman and schoolmaster, that the service of God and zeal for
religion may not grow cool among them, and they shall provide at first for a
Comforter of the Sick there ".

" The Company reserves for itself all great and small tithes, all waifs and
estrays, the right of establishing mints, highways and forts, declaring war and

making peace, all wildernesses, planting cities, towns, and churches, etc

saving whatever is heretofore granted to the patroons, in the matter of high,
middle, and low jurisdiction ". — Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 405.

Van Rensselaer Papers. Proceedings of the Court at
Rensselaerswyck, Page 61.

Extract from a certain document:

The son-in-law of Megapolensis is also coming over, who has
been a preacher here and has been forbidden to preach by the

* The full title of this work was " Examination and Confession for the benefit of
those, who are Inclined to approach the Lord's Table."

t Willem Verstins, [Vestensz.,] who taught school in New Amsterdam till 1655,
when he resigned to return to Holland.

OF THE State of I^ew York. 277

1650

Classis of Alckmaer. If he should try to perform some church

service in the Colony or to obtain any engagement there, then

charge Director Stichtenhorst not to engage him nor tolerate him

in the Colony. We shall write to him ourselves, about it, if the

time will allow. As we have been requested to do so by the

Deputies of the Classis of Amsterdam, we order the Director and

Council of our Colony to obey this direction implicitly. His

name is William Grasmeer. The letter was signed; Wouter van

Twiller, and addressed to Gerrit Vasterick (a member of the

Council of the Colony), who read it to us, when I wrote it down,

August 4, 1650. A. de Ilooges, Secretary.

Synod of I^orth Holland, 1650, at Alckmaer.

1650, Aug. 6 et seq.
Art. 1. Eev. John Backerus. j

Eev. John Backerus being present, made the following state-
ment: That as a minister in the West Indies, by order of the
Classis of Amsterdam he had now for a long time served the
church of 'New ISTetherland ; and that having now again returned
to the Fatherland by order of the same Classis, he requested that
the Rev. Synod would hold him as " recommended," so that he
may be promoted to the service of the Church in vacant places.
To this end he handed over various certificates, which were found
to be very praiseworthy. It was also heard in addition that the
Rev. delegates from Amsterdam had been directed to recom-
mend the said Rev. Backenis to the Rev. Synod. The said
request was therefore granted; except that being a layman (laicus)
he shall let his gifts be heard before this Assembly to-morrow
at eight o'clock. This was accordingly done the next day, and
the Rev. Assembly was content with his gifts.

Art. 18. Plan for the East and West India Affairs.
Regarding Art. 15, (1649) treating of the Plan for the East
and West India Affairs: It was learned from the report of the

;1650

278 Ecclesiastical Records

Rev. Correspondent from Utrecht, that the said Synod has con-
formed to the resolution of the Synod of South Holland, held at
Delft in the year 1648.

Art. 30. East and West India Affairs.

Regarding Art. 28, (1649), of the East and West India AfPair:
After the question was put to the Classes what had occurred
among them — the Rev. Deputies from the Classis of Amster-
dam handed in the following extracts from the Indian letters:

(Here follows thirteen pages referring exclusively to churches
in the East Indies and Brazil.)

From the Classis of Amsterdam: sent to the East Indies:

Sent to ISTew N^etherland:* Rev. John Megapolensis, of Rens-
selaerswyck in the Manhatans, William Vestersse (Yestens) of
Harlem, for siekentrooster and school-master. Come from West
JLndia; Rev. John Backerus.

Stuyvesant's Refusal to Reform the Governme^^t.

1640.
A reform in the government of New Netherland was proposed in Holland on
account of a Remonstrance sent over from New Netherland, in July, 1649. The
" Nine Men ", who had been elected to be Advisers of the Governor and Council
now urged Stuyvesant to proclaim the new Provisional Order, but he refused
for certain reasons, and at the same time shipped provisions to Curacoa, although
the supply was scanty in New Netherland. The " Nine " protested. Stuyvesant
then deprived them of the special pew in the Church, which the Cousistoi-y had
appropriated to their use. — Brodhead's N. Y. i. 517, 518; compare 506, 507, 512,,
.and 474, 4S8-9, etc.

"The following are the official extracts. Extract of the Journal
\ept by order of the Commonalty to wliich they refer in letter
to us.

4 July, 1650.

:Friends report and complain that they have not only not been recognized by
'the Director and Council during the absence of the delegates, but that contumely
and reproaches have been cast on them by the Director, from whom they were

•This should read: Changes in New Netherland; Megapolensis, of Reusselaer-
wyck, to Manhatans, etc.

OF THE State of I^ew York. 279

obliged also to listen to divers calumnies, insults and contumelious words; they
also complain that the Director was pleased on the 3rd of April last, with a view
to insult and affront the Select men, to cause the benches in their pew in the
Church to be torn up, and to take possession of it himself.

About this time the Fiscal received a settlement of his share of the confisca-
tions, and being referred therewith to the Directors, he showed it to the Com-
monalty and reported also abroad, among others to OlofE Stevense and Schelluyne,
that the Director swallows everything; that he will prove him a perjured villain
and that he hath robbed the Company of fully one hundred thousand guilders. —
Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 446-7.

Copy of an extract from the Register of the resolutions of the
Select men of New Amsterdam, Manhattans, the 29th August
1650.

Honorable Gentlemen. — Whereas the High and Mighty Lords States General of
the United Netherlands, by letters delivered to the Director General hath caused
the benches in the Select men's pew in the Church, which was conferred on us
by his honor and the churchwardens, to be torn up, and took possession theteof
himself, to the derogation, derision and contumely of our Board; which, though it
concerns not us individually, but regards the Board, who represent the people,
therefore, are we necessitated under protest, to declare such derogation and af-
fronts unjustifiable and unauthorized. Done at the meeting of the Select men, in
New Amsterdam, Manhattans, New Netherland, the 29th August, 1650.

(Signed) Olof Steveusse.

Beneath was, '

By order of the Select men In New Amsterdam.

(Signed) D. van Schelluyne. — Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 448-9.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.
Request of Rev. J, Backerus.

1650, Aug. 8th.

J. Backerus, lately minister on Curacoa and Manhattan, (Man-
hatans,) in a letter, thanks the Rev. Classis for the favorable cer-
tificates granted him. He requests that the Rev. Assembly will
charge their delegates, who shall go to the next Synod, to give
favorable testimonials concerning him. The Assembly answers

fiat. V. 132.

Schoolmaster at Fort Orange.

1650.

The local atithorlties were now earnestly besought to provide the inhabitants
with a proper schoolmaster. " Perceiving how necessary such a person was to
the establishnient of a well constitiitod republic," a committee was appointed to
build a school house and to collect funds for defraying whatever expenses might
be incurred. Andries Jansz. was appointed Sept. 9, to take charge of this institu-
tion in the course of the following year, and received a present, on entering on
the discharge of his duties, of twenty dollars. — O'Callaghan's History of New
Netherland, Vol. 11. 161, 162. ;

280 Ecclesiastical Records

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

(Walraven; Backerus.)

1650, Sept. 12th.

Extract from a letter from the Island of Ciiracoa written by
the siecken-trooster, John Walraven, while at Fort Amsterdam,
July 8th, 1649.

1. He makes known that at the request of the minister, the
Rev. John Backerus, and also of the Grovernor, on account of the
departure of the said minister, (Backerus), he had been forced
to remain there, that the place might not remain altogether with-
out Christian services. But this tended evidently to his injury.
For in accordance with his instructions, received from us, he had
been ordered to jSTew Netherland in order to exercise there, at
the same time the profession of schoolmaster. This would have
been to his evident profit.

2. Since Rev. Backerus left, many children of Christians have
remained unbaptized, both of the Indians and of the jSTetherland-
ers. These were being taught by him, and by the school-master,
John Galiaert, in the Christian Religion. The parents were very
uneasy about their children remaining without baptism, and they
longed greatly for a minister.

3. Four months ago there arrived there a French minister
of the name of Charles de Rochefort, who had been settled for
five years in the Cortaeren. Having been requested so to do,
he administered Holy Baptism to several persons, both infants
and adults. The said minister had sent over a certified state-
ment of these acts written in Latin, in the letter of the said
siecken-trooster. He declared therein that upon the insistent
urging of the Hon. Governor, Lucas Rotenburg, he had baptized
on February 14, 1649, fiiteen children, Indians and Dutch.
Again, on February 20th of the same year, twelve adult persons.

OF THE State of !N'ew Yoke. 281

all blacks or negroes, after they had been reasonably well
instructed in the Christian doctrine, and who had good testimony
as to their knowledge and life. All of these received Holy Bap-
tism in the Assembly of the Believers, called together especially
for that purpose, in the manner customary in our church. The
names of all these children, as well as of the adults are given;
and also those of their parents.

4. He further says, that in the year 1648 there was such a
pestilential sickness there, that almost the entire garrison was
exterminated; also most of the brethren-in-religion; so that not
more than six or seven remained, besides some Englishmen; as
for the rest, the most of them were Lutherans.

5. He complains that poverty is constantly suffered there; and
inasmuch as the time of his engagement "v\dll expire a year from
now, he requests to be released from that place. — xx. 249, 250.

Drawn up by the Eev. Classis, and approved by the Admiralty

College, at Amsterdam, on !N'ov. 28, 1650. [See June 7,

1636.]
Form of acceptance and instruction for Siecken-Troosters and

Voorlesers (Comforters of the Sick and Readers), on Ships of

War.

"Whereas for the advancement of God's glory and the salvation
of men, it is proper and necessary that the Ships of "War should
be provided with capable and pious Siecken-Troosters: and inas-
much as ]!T. jST has offered his services in such capacity:

Therefore, the Classis of Amsterdam, after previous infomiation,
and upon the testimony of others, has inquired into the fitness
of the said person, and found this to be such, that they have in
the fear of the Lord, adjudged him qualified to perform the said
duties: Whereupon he has been accepted for the said office, by
the Estimable and Mighty Messrs. of the College of the Admiralty.
And in order that he may be known in sucli capacity by every one

1650

1660

282 Ecclesiastical Records

whom it concerns, and that he may know how he is to conduct
himself in this his office, this Letter of Instruction is given unto
him, and in compliance therewith he is ordered to maintain the
following points in all particulars.

1. He is to teach, admonish and comfort, out of God's Word,
the sick and the ill, each one as circumstances may require and
as opportunity permits,

2. On occasion, or on so-called occasion, he is to read certain
chapters from God's Word, or he may read some good sermons
from Treadels Bullundi Bethillie; or John Bulens Catechismus
Ursini; or any discussion instituted by some minister of the true
Christian Reformed Church; and to comment on the same briefly
to the people; and to begin and end all such exercise with prayer.

3. Every morning and evening to lead and serve the people,
regularly assembled, ^vith prayers.

4. To instruct diligently in j^rivate, and at every good oppor-
tunity, out of the Word of God, the minds of those ignorant in
the faith; to exhort sinners to repentance, and abandonment of
sins, and to cease only with proper representations of God's fear-
ful judgments, warning them faithfully of their danger of per-
dition. He is especially in all possible and proper ways, to
oppose cursing and swearing, and the light use of the precious
name of the Lord, as well as indecent and obscene words; also to
comfort and strengthen the little ones in the faith, or the dis-
couraged ones, as circumstances may require.

And even as the said N. jST. in compliance with these instruc-
tions, is ordered to conduct himself in this his office, without
ever arrogating to himself, under any pretext whatever, an^-thing
beyond the same, and which properly belongs to the office of a
minister: and as he on his part has voluntarily promised to regu-
late himself thereby, and to go before young and old with pious
and honorable lessons, and thus to walk worthily in this his
calling and office: Therefore are these open letters of Instruc-

OF THE State of ISTew York. 283

1660

tion given him upon his intended voyage, to strengthen him

therewith wherever it may be necessary.

Thus done at Amsterdam on

In the name and by order of the Classis of Amsterdam. — xxxix.

15, IG.

1650, Nov. 28th.

Acts of the Classis of xYlckmaer, about Eev. William Grasmeer.

Art. 46.

Upon the reading of this 46th article, the Rev. Deputati ad
res Indicas represent, that Eev. William Grasmeer, formerly
pastor at Grafdyck, has been on account of his evil and offensive
life, excommunicated by the Classis of Alckmaer. This act has
also been approved by the Eev. Synod of JSTorth Holland, lately
in session at Alckmaer. IsTevertheless he went to New iSTether-
land, and became pastor at Eensselaerswyck, where the pastorship
was vacant, notwithstanding the earnest warning concerning him,
given to the Directors and the church of said colony, by the
Patroons, through the Classis. He accomplished his object by
means of tAvo certificates. The one was given him by his elders
and deacons at Grafdyck, in which the proceedings against him
by the Classis of Alckmaer are basely railed at, and he, on the
other hand, most highly lauded; the other was granted him at
his departure by Eev. John Knyf, pastor at Alckmaer. A copy
of this was sent to the Patroon of said colony from Eensselaers-
wyck, and delivered to the aforementioned Deputies, and has
been read before this Assembly.

The brethren of the Classis are amazed at the aforesaid cer-
tificates, and grieved that so offensive a pei*son should, in such
a manner, and so hastily, be inducted into the Holy Service of
the church. It is thought proper, therefore, to announce at the
earliest moment, to the Classis of Alckmaer, what we have heard
concerning the said Grasmeer, and to transmit with it a copy of
said certificates. At the same time we request that the Eev.

1650

284 Ecclesiastical Records

Classis of Alckmaer will comiminicate to its as soon as possible
their opinion, "witli a definite statement of tliis whole matter, viz.,
especially how said Grasmeer had conducted himself in his church;
how he has treated his wife; and what is the exact cause of the
excommunication, which has taken place ; — to the end that we,
being thus armed with more power, may labor to prevent so offen-
sive a person from entering the Holy Service of the Church,
xxvi. 93.

Extracts Relating to the Church, from Secretary Yan

Tienhoven's Answer to the Remonstrance of July 28,

1649, FROM ISTew jSTetherland. [See also Jan. 27, 1650, and

Apr. 20, 1650.]

1650, ^^ov. 29.

The Directors have never had any administration of, nor concerned themselves
with ecclesiastical property; 'tis also denied and cannot be proved, that any of the
inhabitants of New Netherland have, either voluntarily nor when requested, con-
tributed or given anything for the building of an Asylum for orphans, or for the
aged. 'Tis true that the Church in the fort was built in Willem Kieffs time, and a
subscription list was signed which amounted to fl. 1800. The accounts of most of
the subscribers were debited accordingly, but they have not yet paid the money.
Meanwhile the Company disbursed the funds, so that it was not the Commonalty
(some few excepted) but the Company that paid the workmen. If the people re-
quired institutions as above stated, they must contribute towards them as is the
custom in this country; and were there Asylums for orphans and the aged there,
revenues would be necessary, not only to keep the houses in repair, but to support
the orphans and the aged people.

The Remonstrants will, if any one can, be likely to prove that money, or real or
personal property has been bestowed by will or donation, by any living person, for
such or any other public works; but there is no instance of the kind in New Nether-
land; and the charge is uttered or written through passion. W'hen the Church,
which is in the fort, was proposed to be built, the Church-Masters were content;
but it is these people who make a to-do, because they consider the Company's fort
not worthy the honor of a Church. Before the Church was erected, the grist-mill
could not work with a southeast wind, because the wind from that quarter was shut
off by the walls of the fort.

Although the new School-house, towards which the Commonalty contributed some-
thing, has not been yet built, it is not the Director, but the Church-Masters, who
have charge of the funds. The Director is busy providing materials. Meanwhile
a place has been selected for a school, of which Jan Cornelissen has charge. The
other teachers keep school in hired houses, so that the youth are not in want of
schools to the extent of the circumstances of the country. 'Tis true there is no
Latin school nor academy; if the Commonalty require such, they can apply for it
and furnish the necessary funds.

As regards the deacons' or Poor-fund, the deacons are accountable for that, and
are the persons of whom inquiry should be made as to where the money is invested
which they have, from time to time placed at interest; and as the Director never

OF THE State of Xew York. 285

had charge of It, such not being usual, the deacons, and not the Directors, are re-
sponsible for it. 'Tis, indeed, true that Director Kieft, being at a loss for money,
had a box suspended in his house; of that box the deacons had one key, and all the
small fines and penalties which were levied on court days, were deposited in It.
He opened it with the knowledge of the deacons, and took, on interest, the money,
which amounted to a handsome sum. — Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 42S-4. See also Dunshee,
21.

1650

No other internal taxes have been Imposed, up to the present time, on the Com-
monalty, except the excise already mentioned, unless the voluntary offering which
was applied two years ago to the erection of the Church, be accounted a tax, of
which Jacob Couwenhoven, also one of the Church-Masters, will have to render an
account.

In New England there Is no impost or duty on Imports or Exports, but every one
Is assessed by the local Government according to his means, and must pay to the
extent of his property and as the magistrates tax him, for

Building and repairing of Churches;

Support of Ministers;

Erection of Schools and Salary of Teachers;

The question is, are the Company or the Directors obliged to have constructed
any buildings for the people out of the duties paid by the trader In New Netheriand
on export goods, particularly as their High Mightinesses granted those duties to the
Company to facilitate garrisons, and the payment of expenses attendant thereupon,
and not for building Hospitals and Orphan Asylums, Churches and School-houses for
the people.

Francis Douthay, Adriaen van der Donck's father-in-law and an English Minister,
was granted a colonie at Mespacht, not for himself alone as Patroon, but for him
and his associates whose Agent he was, and who at the time were residing at
Rhode Island and at Cahanock and other places. Mr. Smith was one of the leaders
of these people, for said Minister had scarcely any means of himself to build a hut,
let alone to plant a colonie at his own expense. He was merely to be employed as
a clergyman by his associates who were to prepare a bouwerie for him in that colo-
nie, in return for which he should discharge the duty of preacher among them, and
live on the proceeds of the bonwerie.

Coming to live at the Manhataus during the war, he was permitted to ofllciate as
Minister for the English in and around that place, who were bound to maintain him
without either the Director or Company being liable to any charge therefor. And as
the English did not afford him a sufBcient support, two collections wore taken up
among the Dutch and English, on which he lived at the Manhataus.

The Mespacht Colonie was never confiscated; that is proved by the actual resi-
dence on it of the owners, who had an interest in It as well as Douthey; but as the
latter wished to obstruct its settlement and to permit no one to build in the colonie
unless on paying him a certain sum down for each morgon of land, and a yearly
Bum in addition in the nature of ground rent, and endeavored thus to convert it Into
a domain, against which those Interested in the Colonie, especially Mr. Smith com-
plained, the Director and Council finally concluded that the copartners should enter
on their property, and the bouwerie and lauds in the possession of Douthay be re-
served to him, so that he hath suffered no Injury or loss thereby. This I could
prove, wore it not that the documents are in New Netheriand and not here.

Francis Douthay,* the English Minister, hath never been employed by the Com-
pany, wherefore it owes him nothing; but his English congregation is bound to pay

■ (

* Rev. Francis Doughty emigrated to Massachusetts In 1637. He was driven from
that state because of his practice of infant baptism. He found refuge with the

1650

286 Ecclesiastical Records

him, as can be proved in New Netherland. The Company has advanced to the said
Minister from time to time, in goods and necessaries, to the amount of about fl. 1100.,
as the colonial account books might show; this he has not yet paid, and he com-
plains because he is unwilling to pay. I know not whether the Director hath re-
quired a promise from Douthay.

On the 2nd point they say: that provision ought to be made for ecclesiastical and
municipal property, divine service, and for an asylum for orphans and aged people.
If they are such patriots as they appear to be, let them be leaders in generous con-
tributions for such laudable objects, and not complain when the Directors requested
a collection towards the erection of a Church and School. What complaints would
there be, were the Director to demand a collection for an asylum for aged people
and orphans. Divine service will not be interrupted, by the absence of Domine
Johannes Backerus, who, however, has been there only twenty seven months. The
place is again supplied with a learned and godly clergyman, who requires no inter-
preter when defending the Reformed Religion against any minister of our neighbors,
the English Brownists.— Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 424-431.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

1651-1660.

William Grasmeer.
1651 1651, Jan. 2nd.

There was also read a communication from the Rev. Classis of
Alkmaer, regarding the case of William Grasmeer. Therein said
Classis informs us that she abides, as yet, by the censure and
deposition (deportment) of the aforesaid Grasmeer; and declares
that the certificate of the Consistory of Grafdyck was secured by
sinister means, and the said Consistory has been compelled to
make confession of guilt for the granting thereof. And as
regards the certificate by Rev. Knierus, such was obtained by a
trick, and under promise that proper satisfaction would be given
to Classis; but Grasmeer did previously deceive Rev. Knierus,
as he says, in this matter. The brethren of Classis enjoin Rev.
Deputies ad res Indicas again to warn the Patroons and the
church of Rensselaer's wyck against this reprehensible person,
and to communicate the entire circumstances of his deposition,
(deportment), and all that has occurred thus far in connection

Dutch and was the first Presbyterian minister that preached in the City of New
York. This he did from 1643-48. He was driven further south and found' refuge in
Maryland. No Presbyterian Church was organized in New York until 1717. Before
the latter date, however, companies of pious Presbyterians were settling in the city
and vicinity, and would assemble as opportunity permitted for religious worship.

OF THE State of New York. 287

1651

therewith; at the same time they must address an admonition to
Grasmeer himself, to abandon so unlawful a course, and to give
proper satisfaction (confession or reparation?) to the Rev. Synod
(Classis?) of Alkmaer, and to the Synod (of North Holland.)
And inasmuch as the Patroons of the said Wyck (village), might
be perhaps inclined to send an honest, lawful minister to New
Netherland, (Rensselaer's wyck,) who could counteract the influ-
ence of the said Grasmeer in a proper and decent fashion; there^
fore the Rev. Deputies are particularly charged to put forth all
possible endeavors to that end.

It was also resolved to write to the Classis of Alkmaer against
their summer meeting, and inform them that our Classis is dis-
pleased with the action of Rev. Knierus, in that having been
himself appointed with another minister, to warn us against
Grasmeer, he made no mention of having given any certificate.

V. 198; xxvi. 96.

1651, Jan. 20th.

Rev. Wm. Grasmere; Rev. Jacobus Beth. — Caitechism composed
by Rev. Megapolensis, Jr.

Further the Rev. Deputati ad res Indicas report: —

1. Whereas the Classis has charged them to exclude William
Grasmeer from Rensselaerswyck, by sending over a godly min-
ister, they have found such a one in the person of Rev. Jacobus
Beth, who has heretofore made request to be sent as pastor to the
East Indies:

2. That the Hon. Directors of the West India Company would
be glad to see the catechism composed by Megapolensis, Jr.,
approved by the Rev. Classis, that it may be printed and sent to
Brazil.

Answer; The Assembly has no objection to the first; but as
concerns the said catechism, the Assembly judges that it would
be more edifying to send thither instead a goodly nmnber of the
Netherland catechisms, and the Compendiums of the same,
xxvi. 97.

1651

288 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

The Classis of Amsterdam to Rev. William Grasmeer in the Col-
ony of Eensselaerswyck, Feb. 20th, 1651. xxvi. 97-99.

"Worthy Brother, William Grasmeer: —

"With great grief we have learned that jou presented yourself
for admission to the Holy Service of the church in the Colony
of RensselaerswAxk, Yoii also so far succeeded, that on the
strength of certain solicited and extorted certificates, you found
enough favor -with the church, to he accepted as their pastor.
You did not, however, pay proper attention to the communications
despatched to you, not only by the Classis, but by the Patroon
of said colony, to warn you against this step. We anticipated
such irregularity at your departure, and then admonished you
that you should not depart and desert your office, without proper
satisfaction to the Classis of Alckmaer.

On this occasion, indeed, your offence is the greater; for while
you were still under the censure of the said Classis, and being yet
unreconciled with your wife, (from whom you have been now
long separated, living even in a separate house), you have dared
to officiate in the Holy Ministry. You should first have purged
yourself of all the heavy charges which the said Classis has
against you. Moreover you have given no heed to their reiterated
citations. You have been therefore suspended by them from
the Holy Service of the church, until you render satisfaction to
the said Classis.

Also the Christian Synod (of Xorth Holland) has confirmed
your suspension. I Avill let you hear the very words of the act:
" Having considered this matter " (the Synod has) " approved the
proceedings against you by the Classis of Alckmaer, by a unani-
mous vote, namely, of all the Hon. lords, commissioners, and all
the correspondents; and is of the opinion that there has been
none other than ex officio action ".

Therefore do we now most earnestly exhort and command you
to desist from the Holy Service of the church in the colony of

or THE State of New York. 289

Rensselaerswyck, until you shall have first returned to the
Fatherland, and have purged yourself.

You must first give satisfaction to the said Classis, and secure
release from the suspension pronounced upon you, which has also
been ratified by the Synod.

We can not, and we will not, allow all ecclesiastical order to
be violated, by tolerating you in this service. Neither will the
Hon. Patroon suffer you to continue in the said ministry of his
colony.

Therefore we shall expect you cheerfully and willingly to gov-
ern yourself according to the good pleasure of the Classis of
Amsterdam. We act in this matter with the full approbation of
the Hon. Patroon of the said colony. We act thus that your
offence may not be rendered still worse. We shall not lack means,
in case of disobedience, to oppose your irregularities with vigor
and effect.

Having no other business we close. We commend you to God
and his grace, that he may direct you in such a manner, that you
may have an eye only to his honor, your own prosperity, the edi-
fication of God's Church and the preservation of her good order.

Yours affectionately,
The Committee of the Classis of Amsterdam.
Peter Wittenrongel.

Ecc. Amst. loco scriba
Matthias Meursius.

Peb. 20th, 1651.

1651, Feb. 20th.

Letter to the church and people of the colony of Rensselaerswyck,
in New Netherland. xxvi. 99-101.

Honorable, Discreet, and Godly Brethren: —

Prom your letter to the Patroon of the colony of Rensselaers-
wyck, in which you are inhabitants, we have learned how Rev.

William Grasmeer, fomierly pastor in the Westerbuyrt of Graf-
19

1651

290

Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

1651

dyck lias been honored by yon, ba^dng been invited to officiate
in the boly service of the church. This, was done on the strength
of two certificates, one from his consistory, and the other from
Eev. Johannes Knyff.

We perceive in yonr condnct, yonr zeal to establish the service
of the divine word among yon, and we rejoice in this. Indeed,
it cannot well be otherwise, than that they, who have had a
real taste of the preaching of the Holy Gospel, and the nse of
the Holy Ordinances of God, shonld retain the desire to be edi-
fied and strengthened by the same means, even by the seiwice m
their most holv faith; and yonr zeal is the more commendable
from this fact, that yon have sho.vn yonrselves willing to mam- -
tain divine worship at yonr ow expense. May the good God
grant that this zeal may increase more and more, to the advance-
ment of trne godliness and spiritual growth in yonr chnrch.

Bnt it has srieved ns sorely that yon have cast yonr eyes upon
a nerson so unworthy; for by his evil condnct he has unfitted him-
self for so hallowed a service. We heartily wish that onr warn-
ings, which we sent yon in good conscience, and only to preserve
sound order in God's Church, had been better heeded. Then
would von never have come to this, to desire such a pei-son as
vour p^astor. Yet we perceive that you have been drawn mto
your course by some persons in a sinister way, and we assure our-
selves that upon obtaining an accurate report of the circumstances
connected with this person, you will no longer tolerate hnn m yonr

Tou will see from the decisive acts of the last Synod, wlucli .^-e
herewith- append, that the said Eev. Grasmeer being grultv of
domestic quarreling, abandonment of his wife, drunkenness, and,
other ^-eat faults, has not only been suspended by the Class.s of
AlcWer from his ministry, hut also, since he has treated said
censure with contempt and disgraceful insult, and has contmued
without legal dismission from his church, that he has been de-

OF THE State of ISTew York. 291

posed from all ecclesiastical fimctions. You will also under-
stand, inasmuch as said deposition lias been approved by the Rev.
Synod, that it would be nothing else than a notorious infraction
of all lawful order, yea, an open violation of ecclesiastical dis-
cipline, should you determine to retain such a person among you
in the holy service of the church.

In regard to his certificates, with which he has shamefully
abused your confidence, be pleased to know that the certificate
of the consistory of Grafdyck was dictated by the said Grasmeer
himself. The style of this, in exaltation of himself, is so extrava-
gant, and so slanderous in reference to the entire Classis, that
it is a very shame, and is loathsome in the judgment of all fair-
minded persons.

Moreover this testimonial was granted by the said consistory
in simplicity, and upon the importunity of the said Grasmeer,
and against the order, and without the knowledge of the Rev.
Classis. Therefore also the said certificate has been rejected and
condemned by the Rev. Classis, and even the aforesaid consistory
has been declared censurable therein. They were, de facto, cited
before the Classis of Alckmaer, and severely censured. They
have also acknowledged their guilt in the giving of said certificate,
and have prayed for forgiveness.

In regard to the particular certificate of Rev. Ivnyif, for which
he has been called to account before Classis; the same Classis
declares that this was obtained from him through the false rep-
resentations of Grasmeer, and under pretended sacred promises
that he would obey the Rev. Classis in all things; that he would
first confess his guilt and render full satisfaction before his de-
parture, etc.; that the said Grasmeer deceived Rev. Knyff with
cunning, and instead of giving satisfaction to the Classis at his
departure, he loaded her with a deceitful libel, and thus departed.

These matters being duly considered by you, will enable you to
perceive that we have great reasons to urge, and which we do

1651

292 Ecclesiastical Records

with the full approbation of the Patroon of the colony of Rens-
selaerswyck, the removal from your midst of so irregular a per-
son from the holy service of the church; and we earnestly request
you herewith to separate yourselves immediately from such a
minister. For he is deposed from the right to perform any church
ministrations, and possesses no right whatever to preach God's
word among you, or to administer the sacraments. Act ye accord-
ingly, so that all things may be done decently and in order in the
house of God, that all confusion may be warded off from the
churches, and good discipline may be exercised and maintained,
in conformity to the word of God.

We had hoped also at this time to send you a devout, learned,
and godly minister, %vith the approbation and permission of the
Patroon of the colony of which you are inhabitants, but the de-
parture of the vessels has been too sudden; but we doubt not we
shall be able to do so with vessels soon following.

We earnestly request you to be satisfied with our action, and
to depend on our promise. Place the said Grasmeer one side,
and exhort him to return to the Fatherland by the first oppor-
tunity, that he may purge himself according to the Order of the
Church, and give the proper satisfaction to the oft-mentioned
Classis of Alckmaer; also that he may be released of his censure
and deposition, and discharged. Thus may he yet be authorized
to edify the chiu'ch of God, with his talents, among you or in this
land. We heartily wish this, desiring nothing but his salvation.
But so long as he is not absolved from said deposition, neither we
nor the Patroon of the colony will permit him to continue among
you in the sacred church service. We will use every means in our
power, in case he does not willingly desist, to remove him. We
will do this that God's holy name be not blasphemed, your church
demoralized, and the good order and discipline of the church be
trampled under foot.

Confidently relying upon the hope that your church will gladly

OF THE State of 'N'ew York. 293

and willingly regnlate itself according to this our writing, we close,
commending you, etc., etc.

Thus done in the name and at the request of the Eev. Classis
of Amsterdam, by the Committee on Foreign Ecclesiastical Af-
fairs.

Peter Wittenrongel, Ecc. Amstal.

Matthias Meursius, Loco Scriba.

1651, Feb. 20th.

Letter to the Rev. Consistory on the Manhatan in ISTew jSTether-

land. xxvi. 102.

Keverend, Highly Learned, Most Provident and Godly
Brethren : —

Inasmuch as the committee of the Eev. Classis of Alckmaer
has informed us that the Eev. Grasmeer has forsaken his church
at Grafdyck, contrary to all order, and without the knowledge
of said Classis; and, although under censure, on account of do-
mestic quarrels, desertion of his wife, drunkenness and other
great scandals, has proceeded to jSTew IS'etherland, without mak-
ing any proper satisfaction to the said Classis; therefore we
desire to warn you, lest so irregiilar a person be admitted to
the ministerial office in or about your region; and that diligence
should be used to cause him to return to the Fatherland and be
reconciled with the said Classis, and be relieved of his censure.

Nevertheless we have understood, to our gTcat sorrow, that
matters have been so managed, contrary to our warning, that
he has been advanced in due form to the sacred churcli service
in the colony of Eenselaerswyck. But this is a notable infrac-
tion and open violation of all church order and ecclesiastical
discipline. For Eev. William Grasmeer has been formally de-
posed from all church ministrations by the said Classis, and the
said deposition has been fully ratified by the last Synod of North
Holland, as you may see from the appended acts on the reverse

294 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

side (of this letter). Hence we could not remain inactive; but
in order to secure the performance of everything decently and
in order, in th.e liouse of God, and to prevent all confusion, and
that good discipline, conformably to God's word, may be exer-
cised and maintained, we have been obliged- to secure the re-
moval of Eev. Grasmeer from the sacred church service, until
he return to the Fatherland and be properly released from his
deposition.

To this end we have, by order of our Classis, and with the
approval and concurrence of the Patroon, written not only to
the forementioned Grasmeer, but also to the members of the
church, and to the inhabitants of the colony of Renselaerswyck,
upon this subject. We have promised that we would send them,
by the next ships, a learned and devout minister. "We repeat
our communication to you, that it may please you, as being the
nearest, to lend us a helping hand, in order that said irregularity
may be withstood, and the good order of the church and the
custom of good discipline may remain in exercise. To this you
may contribute much, because your Kev. pastor and teacher,
(Megapolensis), is the father-in-law of said Grasmeer. We be-
lieve that he would not strengthen or nourish such irregularities.
But if herein, any action should be taken against the good ob-
jects had in view by the Synod, the Patroon would not lack
other means to oppose such confusion and disorder. But we
would rather that everji;liing were adjusted quietly. This will
be done if the said Grasmeer T^dll listen to good council, and
even yet become inclined to follow it. He ought not, indeed,
to have taken passage from here, about which we earnestly cau-
tioned him, before his case in the Qlassis had been disposed of;
but now, that a formal deposition has taken place, he is not to
be recognized, unless he first return, and place himself properly
before the Classis and Synod for justification.

And in order that, meanwhile, no one's confidence may be

OF THE State of ISTew York. 29 o

abused by the certificates wluch he has been able to produce, be
pleased to understand as regards the certificate of the consist-
ory of Grafdyck, that the same was dictated by the said Gras-
meer himself, and that in so extravagant a style of self exalta-
tion, wdth slander of the Rev. Classis, that it is a shame before
all fair minded and imjDartial men. It was also told us by the
Classis of Alckmaer, that this certificate vas granted by the
members of his consistory against the order and approbation of
the Classis, which therefore censured and condemned the said
testimonial. The consistory was also declared censurable in re-
gard thereto. The members were thereupon cited de facto be-
fore the Classis, and were severely censured. They acknowl-
edged their guilt in the matter, and prayed for forgiveness.

In regard to the particular certificate of Rev. Knyfi : this
too the Eev. Classis of Alckmaer declares to have been given
through false representations of Grasmeer; and as it ought not
to have been given, therefore, although given, it cannot stand
against the sentence of the whole Classis; which was also fully
ratified by the last Synod.

Wherefore in closing you will perceive that the said Gras-
meer must remain deposed from the ministerial office, and all
church service depending thereupon, so long as he does not give
full satisfaction to the Rev. Classis of Alckmaer. In conclusion,
we offer our services to the advancement of all things that con-
cern the sacred church service among you.

Praying that our mutual cooperation in the maintenance of
the good order and discipline of our church may increase more
and more, we commend you to God.

Thus done by order of the Rev. Classis of Amsterdam, and in
the name of all by the Committee ad res Indicas, your obedient
and affectionate brethren.

Peter Wittenwrongel, Ecc. Amstel.

loco scriba.
Matthias Meursius, Ecc. Sloterdicangs.

1651

296 Ecclesiastical Records

DlRECTOES TO StTTYVESANT.

March 21, 1651.

Honorable, Worthy, Pious, Faithful! We cannot say anything about the copies
called for by Domine Megapolensis, except that we delivered to the Reverend Classls
the manuscript of his " Examination or Confession for the benefit of those, who
are inclined to approach the Lord's Table ", that it may be printed: although we
have called upon the Reverend Brethren several times, we have as yet received no
other reply, as that they would take this matter into serious consideration. Mean-
while the Almighty has been pleased to remove Domine Kesselerus, a member of
the commission, from this vale of misery; this is likely to retard the matter some'
what, but we shall not cease to push it. This department has resolved to release
you from your private engagement with Domine Megapolensis and to charge Itself
with his yearly salary, hoping that with the Lord's blessing these lands will shortly
be in so flourishing a condition, that all the expenses for them may be paid out of
their revenues, and that in time also a part of the moneys disbursed by us may be
refunded. With this view we recommend you seriously to make all possible efforts
in collecting old debts due to the Company and the tithes from such pieces of land,
which are now subject to them; so that we may be relieved from the municipal ex-
penses.—Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 131, 134.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

1651, Aug. Tth.
Case of Eev. Grasmeer, now Pastor in New JSTetherland.

Attention was called to the affair of the deposition of Rev.
Grasmeer: Resolved, That the delegates who go to the Synod
shall at the reading of this Act, verbally explain how this person
has succeeded in intruding himself as pastor in New Nether-
land, in the colony of Renselaerswyck, and what certificates he
produced for that purpose. Also what has been done by this
Classis towards his ejection.

The Deputati ad res Indicas are charged to prepare the exx
tracts from the India letters, so that they may be presented in
the Synod in the usual order, xxvi. 109.

Synod of North Holland, 1651, at Haarlem.

1651, Aug. 15 et seq.
Art. 22. East and West India Affairs.
This Article refers exclusively to the East Indies and Brazil.

OF THE State of 'N'ew York. 297

Art. 27. The Case of Gra^meer.

Four persons appeared from Amsterdam, characterizing them-
selves to be good friends of Eev. William Grasmeer, a deposed
minister of Graftdyck, and who had gone to New Netherland.
See Art. 46, (1650.) After the presentation of certain argu-
ments, they requested, that the call made upon him to the sacred
ministry at Fort Orange in the Colony of Rensselaer^vyck might
take its course, and that the interdict of the Eev. Classis of Alk-
maer in that regard, made heretofore, might be relaxed and sus-
pended. The Christian Synod, having become more clearly
acquainted with the circumstances, both of this call and of the
interdict thereof, from the delegates of the respective Classes
of Amsterdam and Alkmaer, declares that the above private re-
quests can not be entertained by it, until the Rev. Classis of
Alkmaer be given proper satisfaction by Rev. Grasmeer, in con-
formity with what was resolved on in reference to his case last
year, in Article 46, at the Synod, at Alkmaer.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies. John Bakkerus.

1651, August 28th.

Rev. John Rulitus makes known, that it was recommended
to him by the Synod, that Rev. John Bakkerus, heretofore a
minister in the West Indies, should be sent now to the East
Indies. He lives in the Hugo Waard (a lake filled in, in 1631,)
under the jurisdiction of Cud Niedorp (about seven or eight
English miles N.E. of Alkmaar), in the Classis of Alkmaar. —
XX. 286.

1651, Sept. 4th.

Rev. John Backerus having come within, announces his in-
clination of sailing as minister to the East Indies; to this end
he exhibited his testimonials, which were found to be laudable.
Whereupon the Brethren — notwithstanding the fact that the

1651

298 Ecclesiastical Records

said Backerus is an unlettered (uneducated) person, and that
the churches of East India and the Messrs. Directors would
rather see educated persons admitted to the ministry of the East
Indian Churches; nevertheless considering the very praiseworthy
testimonials of his faithful ministrations rendered in the
churches of the West Indies, and his pious conduct since his
return from Brazil; and also the earnest recommendation of the
last Synod of ISTorth Holland, and particularly the great lack of
preachers in the East Indies, and that the Messieurs Directors
now desire a person who has previously been in actual service; —
have resolved to enjoin the Deputies on Indian affairs to recom-
mend this person to the Messieurs Directors in the most suitr-
able manner, and to appoint him in preference to any others. —
V. 230.

1651, Sept. 11th.

It was resolved to present to the Chamber of Amsterdam the
person of John Bakkerus, to be sent out as a minister. At
the same time to ask how many ministers and ziecken-troosters
the Messrs. Directors might need, by writer, xx. 287.

Report from the Deputies ad res Indicas concerning what was
accomplished by them with the Assembly of the XVII,

1651, Oct. 2nd.

The Deputati ad res Indicas reported to the Assembly that
in accordance with the resolution of the Classis they had pre-
sented to the Messrs. Directors Rev. John Backerus, in order
that he might be sent as minister to the East Indies, but that
they (the Directors) had made objections to treat with him,
(Backerus,) inasmuch as they claimed not to have had time
enough to make inquiries in regard to him. They declared that
for the present they could get along ^\-ith a Comforter of the
Sick. v. 232^.

OF THE State of New Yoek. 299

Acts of the Deputies. John Bakkerus.

1651, Oct. both.

Rev. Rulitus and Rev. Meursius report that they had intro-
duced John Bakkerus to the Messrs. Directors. They had re-
ceived as reply, that they (the Directors) must make further in-
quiries about him, as they must be perfectly sure (at rest) about
the ministers who are sent out. It was therefore resolved to
lay this before the Classis in order to ascertain what shall be
further done with him. — xx. 289, 290.

Ministers for East India.

1651, ISTov. 6th.

Came within Rev. John Backerus rene\ving his request to be
sent as minister to the East Indies. Thereupon the Deputies
ad causas Indicas reported that, in accordance with the resolu-
tion of the Classis, they had presented the said person to the
Messrs. Directors. They had received for answer that these
gentlemen must have more time to make inquiries about the said
person, before they could accept him, and that therefore they
would for this time content themselves with the Comforter of
the Sick, Henry Hendricksen on the ship Despatch, (Depeche);
at the same time they asked the advice of Classis how they were
to conduct themselves in reference to the next equipment, for
which but one minister will be required. For besides the above
mentioned Rev. Backerus, and the candidate Rev. John Wess-
laer, there have presented themselves for the service of the
church in the East Indies, Rev. Tiberius a Ravesteyn and Rev.
Gualterius (Walter) Peigenina, both ministers in active service.
The former is at 't Zion in Friesland, and the latter at Ommeren
in the Betuiva (Gelderland). The (Classical) Assembly re-
solved that for the present they will first present the said Rev.
John Backerus. In case he should not be accepted they will
then recommend in the best tenns possible the candidate Rev.
John Wesslaer, since he manifests a particular inclination to

1651

300 Ecclesiastical Records

serve the churches of India. Subsequently, the furtherance of
the said ministers shall be attended to as opportunity offers. — v.
2331.

John Bakkerus.

1651, Xov. 13th.

It was resolved, in compliance with the order of Classis, to
present again the person of Rev. John Bakker to the Messrs.
Directors; and in case of refusal, to present Rev. John van
der Staart. This will be done this evening. — xx. 290.

Council Minutes Chuech Property ; Surgeons ;

Anabaptists.

Monday, the 12th of February 1652 at Fort Amsterdam, present the Director Gen-
eral, La Montagne and Brian Newton.

The Deacons of the Church request by a petition that the money due for the pur-
chased land may be set off against the Honorable Company to the amount of One
thousand eight hundred and fifty florins.

The Council decree: iJat the offset.

Domlne Johannes Megapolensis requests, that Anna Smlts, an Anabaptist, should
be restrained from using slanderous and calumniatin'g expressions against God'»
Word and his servants.

The Director General and Council direct, that Anna Smits shall appear on the
following Wednesday at the school of David Provoost, where the nine men usually
meet and that the Director and Council together with the Complainant and the
consistory shall assemble there also, to hear what the said Anna Smlts has to say
against the teachings of the complainant.

.Adrian van Tienhoven, Samuel Megapolensis and Jan de la Montague request per-
mission to erect a pew in the Church of this place, which

The General and Council resolve to take into consideration. — Col. Docs. N. Y.
xiv. 155, 156.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.
(A minister) Also for the Colony at Rensselaerswyck.

1652, Feb. 12th.

And whereas the Patroons and the congregation (community)
participant in the Colony of Rensselaerswyck would also like to
have a minister in the same Colony, and if possible a person
of some years, and who has some knowledge of medicine, the
several brethren and members of the Classis are recommended
to look about for a suitable person, — v. 235| ; xxvi. 121.

OF THE State of ^ew York. 301

Rev. William Grasmeer.

1652, Feb. 12tli.

Stood within Rev. William Grasmeer, who arrived in these
provinces from New l^etherland with the last ships. He said
that at the request of his mother, (who had come from her
own quarters in the Fatherland in order to persuade him to the
said journey,) he had made up his mind to leave his charge at
Graftdyk, with the consent of his people but as no full Classis
was going to be held there at that time, he had not been able
to obtain a proper dismission from the same, nor to take with
him a full certificate. He had therefore contented himself with
private testimonials from his church and from one of the minis-
ters of Alkmaer. Afterward some brethren, although he did
not know from what motive this had been done, and notwith-
standing they had agreed to excuse him, had gone to work to
bring objections and accusations against him before the Classis
of Amsterdam. To such an extent had this been done that
the same had been pleased to warn the Church and the Colony
of Rensselaerswyck against him; yea, after he had been accepted
in the same, as their minister, for some months, to notify that
church that they should not recognize him in the capacity of
minister, until he should have returned to the Fatherland, and
should have given proper satisfaction to the Classis of Alkmaer.

At the first writing, indeed he had not been able to make up
his mind to do this; but finally on the last communication of
this Classis, he had determined to present himself before the
Classis of Alkmaer, who had placed him under its censure. He
did not wish to say much about this censure, one way or the
other, inasmuch as there was a mutual agreement, and there was
no wish to blacken his character. He had therefore reconciled
himself with the Classis in that regard, having been relieved
from the censure by a regular Act of the said Classis; even as
he had also shown his testimonials, both of the church of Rensse-
laerswyck as well as of New Amsterdam in New Netherland,

1652

302 Ecclesiastical Recokds

which were praiseworthy. He now requests the good favor of
this Assembly, and to be recommended to the Messrs. Directors
of the TVest India Company, that he might be appointed as sec-
ond minister at the said Xew Amsterdam.

The Assembly, surprised in the highest measure at this sud-
den reconciliation in so serious and important a matter, and
aware of his well known deposition (de-portment) in the Classis
of Alkmaer, resolved to inform said Grasmeer, that this Assem-
bly takes it in e\dl part, that in the face of our warning, he al-
lowed himself to intrude into the service at Kensselaerswyck. As
regards his request, this Assembly can in no sense accede to it
until he shall have been released from deposition, (de-portment)
by the Synod of North Holland; and until it appears how mat-
ters now stand between himself and his wife. The Deputati
ad causas Indicas shall convey to the Messrs. Directors the opin-
ion (mind) of this Assembly. — v. 235^; xxvi. 120-1.

To send a Minister to !N"ew Netherland.

1652, Feb. 12th.

Whereas the Messrs. Directors of the West India Company
had infoiTaed the Deputies ad causas Indicas, that they would
like to have a second minister in the church of New Amsterdam,
in Xew Netherland, and, if possible, one who might also be able
to preach in English and whereas the meeting was informed
that there is at Leyden one Rev. Samuel Dries, (Drisius,) late
minister in England, who is said to be able to preach in both
Dutch and English; therefore the Deputies ad causas Indicas are
authorized to make inquiries about him, and to ascertain if the
said person would be inclined to accept said appointment. — v.
235i; xxvi. 120-1.

OF THE State of New York. 303

Affidavit of the Rev. Wilhelmus Grasmeee, that Cornelis
Melyn Incited the Ntack and Other Indians Against
Director Stuyvesant, etc.

To-day, the 14th day of February Anno 1652 appeared before me Hendrick Schaeff,
Notary Public, admitted by the Court of Holland and residing at Amsterdam, and
before the undersigned witnesses, the Rev. Wilhelmus Grasmeer, lately a minister
of the Gospel in New Netherland, whence he returned last November in the ship
" Hoff van Cleoff "; who being in this city, deposes and says, at the request of the
Directors of the Privileged West India Company, that a long time after Cornells
Melyn, a freeman of jNew Netherland, whom witness knows well, had arrived in
New Netherland in the ship " Nieu Nederlantsche Fortuyn ", on her last voyage, he,
witness, had heard the Manhattans Indians of New Netherland, living at Nayack,
a place on Long Island directly opposite Staten Island, frequently say, that the said
Cornells Mclyn had made them believe and declared to them, Director Petrus Stuy-
vesant would, as soon as he had built a wall around Fort Amsterdam, come to kill
them, namely the savages, whereupon the said savages fled and came armed to
Gravesend, which belongs under the jurisdiction of the aforesaid Company; etc. etc.
— Col. Docs. N. Y. siv. 160.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

1652, Feb. 26tli.
Eev. John Riditiiis in the Chair.

Eev. Samuel Driesch, (Drisius,) formerly pastor in England,
but educated bv German parents, and in the German tongue,
appeared and declared his readiness to be employed as minister
in Kew jSTetherland. And inasmuch as the Messrs. Directors
have greatly desired a minister who besides preaching in Dutch,
could also preach in English, it was determined to make trial
next Monday how they like his German (Dutch?) pronunciation.
After ascertaining the facts they will further negotiate -^-ith
his Reverence. — xx. 291.

1652, March 11th.

Rev. Matthias Meursius in the Chair.

In accordance with previous resolution, trial was made last
Monday of the gifts, bestowed by God, upon Rev. Samuel
Driesch (Drisius,) for preaching in Dutch. These were found
not only sufficient, but also very agreeable and edifying, and to
the great satisfaction of the brethren. Therefore his Reverence

1652

304 Ecclesiastical Records

is judged to be a right desirable person to serve the church of
God in New l^etherland. For this he has also declared his "will-
ingness. As two vessels are about to depart, it is found neces-
sary to call a meeting of Classis for next Monday, March 18th.
— XX. 293.

1652, March 18th.

The Deputati ad causas Indicas make known to the Assembly
several matters: xxxvi. 122,

1. That Samuel Dries (Drisius) had appeared before them,
and had informed them of his inclination to serve the church of
ISTew Amsterdam in K^ew ISTetherland; that he had also given
such proof of his ability, and of his acquaintance with the Dutch
language, that all the brethren were fully satisfied therewith.

2. That they have (notified) the Hon. Directors of the East
India Company on certain matters. (These sixteen lines omitted).

3. That there had also been before them a certain Rev. John
Olx, candidate in the Classis of Hoorn, who has offered his ser-
vices as pastor in the colony of Renselaerwyck in l!^ew N^ether-
land; but inasmuch as there are certain evil reports concerning
him, they refer his case to the Classis. Meanwhile they had
resolved to make inquiries concerning him. They herewith pre-
sented what information they had received on the matter from
the Classis of Hoorn, in the shape of extracts from their pro-
ceedings, from time to time, concerning the case of said John
Olx. Erom these it appeared that he had not only conducted
himself offensively at Leyden; and had been a member of the
church only six months before he was preparatorily examined
in the Ommelanden, (neighborhood) ; but also after he had been
accepted, as " Recommended ", by the Classis of Hoorn, he had
occasioned such scandal by his manner of life, in the church of
Hoorn, that he had been suspended by the same, as well as by
the Classis, for a time, and declared ineligible to the ministerial
office. ISTevertheless, on the 4th of December, 1651, he had
been released from his censure, and restored to his former
position.

OF THE State of jSTew York. 305

The Assembly resolved, primarily, to consider these two sub-
jects, in their respective order.

As regards the first: Since Rev. Samuel Dries (Drisius), was
at the door, it was resolved to admit him. He informed the As-
sembly of his inclination for the said journey, and presented a
commendatory testimonial of the entire consistory of the Eng-
lish church in this city, (Amsterdam.) It relates both to his
Kfe and church services in England, speaking highly of them.
With this the brethren were fully satisfied, and the Deputies
are charged to negotiate with the Hon. Directors, and to pro-
mote the said person as speedily as possible.

As regards the second: (Nothing is given. It probably re-
lated to the notification of the West India Company:)

And as regards the third: There also now entered, the
said Rev. John Olx, candidate in the Classis of Hoorn. He pre-
sented a Classical testimonial of his examination in the West
Ommeland, (neighborhood), and one from the Rev. Roylandus,
secretary of the Classis of Hoorn. He requested the favor of
this Assembly to be sent as pastor to the colony of Rense-
laerswyck.

The Assembly, taking into consideration his former offensive
deportment, for which he was brought under severe censure,
both by the church of Hoorn and the Classis, as mentioned
above; and also that the testimonials which he exhibits ooncernN
ing his present deportment are very sober and meagre : there-
fore it is resolved to reject him, and to tell him roundly, that
the Assembly has no satisfaction in him, and can, at the present,

give him no hope that they will advance him, according to his
request.

Rev. John Episcopius.

And since it has also been mentioned that there is at Eraneker,

a very able student. Rev. John Episcopius of Campen, of whom

the chief professor, Rev. John Cloppenburg speaks very highly;

and inasmuch as hope is given concerning him, that he might

1652

306 Ecclesiastical Records

be induced to this journey; therefore the Assembly authorizes
the Deputati ad causas Indicas to recommend him, in case there
be no other material, to the Patroon and the Co-partners of the
colony of Eenselaerswyck. In case they take pleasure therein,
the Deputati shall summon him from Franeker, against the next
ordinary meeting of the Classis, there to exhibit his testimonials,
and to have himself in readiness, if possible, for his examina-
tion at that time; for the next departure of the vessels is now
near at hand.

Rev. Samuel Dries. William Grasmeer.

The Deputati ad causas Indicas report, that the said Rev.
Samuel Dries, on the recommendation of the Classis, has been
accepted by the Hon. Directors of the West India Company as
second pastor at Xew Amsterdam in iSTew ISTetherland.

That they had also promised to heed the warning of the Clas-
sis against Rev. William Grasmeer. — xxvi. 122-125 ; v. 236-237.

William Yestens.

1652, April 2nd.

Rev. Wittenwrongel read a certain letter from William Yes-
tens, Comforter of the Sick at ISTew Amsterdam, in which he re-
quests compensation for his office as sexton, which he exercises
there; and that this may be recommended to the Hon. Directors
of the West India Company.

Resolved, To charge the Deputati ad res Indicas with the ad-
justment of this matter.

The Deputati ad res Indicas also announce that they have
presented Rev. Episcopius to the Patroons of RenselaersA\'yck, to
be sent hither as pastor. The said Patroons desire first to con-
fer with him concerning the salary contract.

Resolved That after the making of the contract the Rev. Depu-
ties shall confer mth them, and act pro re nata; and that a
meeting of the Classis shall be called. The Rev. President, Scri-
verius, shall examine him. — xxvi. 122.

OF THE State of JSTew York. 307

DiREOTOES TO Stuyvesant ; IvTew Amsterdam In-
corporated ; Eevs, Drisius and Grasmeer.

1652

1652, 4th April.

We also agree with your proposition to establish there (New Amsterdam) a
pablic school and believe a beginning might be made with one Bchoolmaster*
(hypodldasculum), who could be engaged at a yearly salary of two hundred to two
hundred and fifty guilders. We recommend for this position Jan de la Montagnie,*
whom we have provisionally appointed to it and you may use the building of the
City Tavern, if you find it suitable.

At your urgent request for another preacher, whom you desire, if possible, to
preach in the English language, we have made every effort; and at last, as If
sent by the Lord, Domine Samuel Dries, a bachelor of about forty years, haa
made his appearance, who on account of the perturbances in England, where he
had been preaching, being born of Dutch parents, has retreated from there. He
has the reputation of being a very pious man and possessed of great gifts; is
able to preach in both languages, English and Dutch, and if necessary even in
French. He Is said to be of a very peaceful disposition and agreeable conversa-
tion, so that we are confident, the community will be pleased with him and that
he will be a great instrument for the propagating of God's hold word and glory;
also a fit assistant to the old gentleman, Domine Megapolensis. We have allowed
him a salary of one hundred florins per month, and two hundred and fifty florins
a year for subsistence; and as he is unmarried, we have thought it might not be
inconvenient, if he boarded with Johan de la Montagnie; but we do not wish to
press such an arrangement upon either, and propose it only from pure affection.

As you now will have learned, that we do our very best to promote the spiritual
and temporal welfare of New Netherland, we urge you most earnestly to use
all proper and suitable measures in endeavoring to And means for defraying a
part of all these extraordinary expenses: we think the community, whom we try
to accommodate in everything, should make an effort to assist their ministers and
supply their wants; for if everything were to remain upon our shoulders, we might
at last find the burden too heavy.

Upon your recommendation we had an eye upon Domine Grasmeer, but found
his affairs with the Reverend Synod so far from being settled, that he cannot sail
this year: it is true, the charges against him have been satisfactorily disposed of
by the Classle of Alckmaer; but the Synod had to approve of this decision, and
it will not sit until next August: then the time to sail this year will have passed;
the good man is much inconvenienced by it, but it Is considered best for him,
on all sides, that he should submit la everything to the ordinances of the Church
of this country; and as God is a God of order, we doubt not that he will take
care of him and all pious people. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 165, 169, 173, 174.

The following reminiscences. Illustrative of things as they were, are deemed
worthy of insertion. The quaint and elliptical language in which the latter Is
given, is characteristic of the author, Judge Benson. In his memoir, read before
the New York Historical Society in 1816, speaking of John De La Montague,
ordinarily pronounced, Jan Montague, sexton of the old Dutch church in Garden
street, he says: " I saw him at the house of my parents; I In my earliest youth,
he approaching to fourscore. He was on his way to collect the Domlne's gelt;
for the Dutch always took care the stipend to the minister should be competent,
that so he never might be straitened ' to desire a gift.' He told me his father and
grandfather before him (the names of all three Individuals may be found in the
old Directories), the latter probably the same as mentioned in the records, ' Jan
De La Montague, Schoolmaster, with two hundred and fifty guilders salary,' had

* The City Tavern occupied what is now 71, 73 Pearl st. For view, see Valentine's
Manual, 1852, 378, 403,

1659

308 Ecclesiastical Records

been the sexton of the congregation; so that, as I have it from the relation of
others, the successive incumbents, having been as well of the same Christian as
surname, the name had, as it were, become the name of the office, like Der,
Keyser, the Caesar, the Emperor; and, accordingly, when the English, having
built a church, had also a sexton, the Dutch children, and not Impossible some
adults, called him, ' De Engelishe Jan Montague.' He told me his grandfather
was the sexton when the church was within the fort. On his (the third Jan's)
death, the Consistory appointed his son Jan, who remained sexton till the dis-
persion of the congregation on the invasion of the city, 1776." — Dunshee's Hist,
of School, 24.

1652, April 4.

Supplies of ammunition were sent out for distribution " at a decent price " to
the inhabitants; the establishment of a public school was assented to, and the
city tavern was to be appropriated to a school-house " if the same were prac-
ticable; " the Rev. Samuel Drisius, a clergyman of piety and parts, qualified to
preach in English, French and Dutch, was sent out to assist " that worthy old
servant, the Rev. Megapolensis."'

Domine Drisius, (or Dries,) was at this time about forty years of age, and
unmarried. He had sojourned some time in England, which country he had now
quitted, in consequence of its disturbed state. His salary was fixed at one
thousand four hundred and fifty guilders, or five hundred and eighty dollars. He
subsequently married Lysbeth Juriaensen, (daughter of skipper Juriaen Andriessen
and Jannetin Jans,) widow of Isaac Greveraet. " Elisabeth Drisius," and " Mother
Drisius," are both mentioned in a tax list of the city of New York for 1677. —
O'Callaghan's History of New Netherland, Vol. ii. 191.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

1652, April 15th.
Hev. Herman Lanoyzius in the Chair.

Rev. John Episcopius, who, mth the approval of the Hon.
Patroons and Co-Directors, had been requested to fill the pastorate
of Renselaerswyck, reported himself. He said that, in view of
the dubious condition of affairs between England and this coun-
try, (Holland), his Reverence, at the instance of his friends,
would pray to be excused from said undertaking.

Also, inasmuch as good testimonials have been presented con-
cerning Gideon Schaets, schoolmaster at Beest and a German
clerk, who has fulfilled the order of the Synod, and declared his
mllingness to accept the call from Renselaerswyck; therefore it
was resolved to introduce him to the Rev. Classis. The Classis
has given permission to treat with him concerning the said call.
This he has accepted in the fear of the Lord. He was then im-
mediately examined by the Classis, and has been sent thither
with the call and proper credentials. — xx. 295.

OF THE State of 'N:ew Yokk. 30 'J

Rev. Gideon Schaats.

1652, May 6tli.

The Rev. Deputati ad res Indicas having also "been ordered
to look about for a fit person to be sent to Eensselaerswyck, did
propose Rev. Gideon Schaats, schoolmaster at Beest, and Candi-
date in Sacred Theology. He appeared before the Classis, and
after he had exhibited credentials both from the Classis and
from the church, made a short exposition (sermon) on Matt.
11:28, which so pleased the Assembly that it was resolved to
proceed to his examination. This was conducted by the Rev.
President. Therein he gave sufficient satisfaction to the Rev.
Assembly, to be sent as minister to Rensselaerswyck. Accord-
ingly he was ordained by the President to the ministry of God,
with the laying on of hands. He also signed the acts of the
Formulae of Concord in the faith. — v. 241 ; xxvi. 126.

The Rev. Gideon Schaets' Contract.

1652, May 8.

This gentleman, tlje second clergyman in Albany, was born in 1G07. He was
originally engaged as minister of the Colonie of Rensselaerswyck, but in 1657 he
was appointed, " at the request of the inhabitants of Fort Orange and Beverwyck,"
minister of the latter place, at a salary of twelve hundred guilders, to be collected
for the greatest part from the inhabitants." The following is a copy of the con-
tract under which he first came to this country: —

We, Johan van Rensselaer Patroou and Co-director of the Colony of Rensselaers-
wyck in New Netherland, having seen and examined the Actes granted by the
Venerable Classis of Amsterdam to Domine Gideon Schaets, so have we invited
and accepted the said Gideon Schaets as preacher in our aforesaid Colonie, there
to perform Divine Service in quality aforesaid: —

To use all Christian zeal there to bring up both the Heathen and their children
in the Christian Religion.

To teach all the Catechism there, and instruct the People in the Holy Scriptures,
and to pay attention to the office of Schoolmaster for old and young.

And further, to do everything fitting and becoming a public, honest and Holy
Teacher, for the advancement of Divine service and church exercise among the
young and old.

And, in case his Reverence should take any of the Heathen children there to
board and to educate, he shall be indemnified therefor as the Commissioners there
shall think proper.

And he is accepted and engaged for the period of three years, commencing when
his Rcverenci? shall have arrived thither in the Colonic Rensselaerswyck, in the
ship the Flower of Geider, his passage and board being free; and he shall enjoy
for his salary, yearly, the sum of eight hundred guilders, which shall be paid to
his Reverence there through the Patroon's and Co-directors' Commissioners; and
in case of prolongation, the salary and allowance shall be Increased in such manner
as the parties there shall mutually agree upon.

1652

310 Ecclesiastical Records

And as a donation, and in confirmation of liis reciprocal engagement, one hundred
guilders are now presented to the Domine.

And in addition, the sum of three hundred guilders to be deducted from the first
earned wages in the Colonie, which moneys he hereby doth acknowledge to have
received, acquitting thereof the Patroon and Co-directors.

Finally, should the Domine require any money to the amount of one hundred
guilders to be paid yearly here, and to be deducted there, the said payment, on
advice from the Commissaries there, shall be made here to the order of the-
aforesaid Domine.

Whereupon, the call, acceptance, and agreement are concluded, each promising
on his side with God's help to observe and follow the same, which each has
promised, and in testimony thereof have both signed this. In Amsterdam, this
eighth of May XVI hundred two and fifty. Was subscribed, Johah van Rensselaer,
Toussaint Mussart, for the Co-directors; Gideon Schaets, called minister to Rens-
selaerswyck. Under which stood. Concordat haec copia cum suo originall quod
attestor, and was subscribed, J. van de Ven, Not. pub.

After collation, the above was found to agree with the copy of the original,
which witnesseth

D. V. Hamel, Secretarius of the Colonie Rensselaerswyck. — O'Callaghan's His-
tory of New Netherland, Vol. 11., 567.

Instructions of Patroon Van Rensselaer, Concerning Re-
ligion.

1652.
Jan Baptiste van Rensselaer succeeded Van Slechtenhorst as Director, and Garrit
Swart was appointed Sheriff or Schout-fiscaal of Rensselaerswyck in his place.
Provision was made at the same time for the regular preaching of the Gospel,
and the conversion of the heathen, by the appointment of the Rev. Gideon Schaats
as minister of the colony, at a salary of eight hundred guilders, or three hundred
and twenty dollars per annum. This stipend was afterwards raised to one thou-
sand, and then to thirteen hundred guilders.

1652, May 8.

Instructions drawn up by Johan van Rensselaer, Patroon and Co-director of the
colonie called Rensselaerswyck, for Gerrit Swart as OflBcer of the said Colonic,
iu'coriliui; to which lie shall, in all good faith, regulate himself.

Ha\ing arrived with -tJod's help at the Island of Manhattan, he shall proceed by
the first opporti.ni'.v 1o the Colonie, and report himself to Jan Baptist van lieus-
si'laer, and make known unto hhn his quality, by exhibition of his Comnii.s.siuu ami
Ijistrucli'^us.

He jsliall, nbove all thiug-i, t:4ke cire that Dlvlue worship shall be iii.iiiitained in
8ai<l Coliiiiic, conforniiilily Id the Reformed Religion of this couniry, as tlie s.-imc
i.s piildicly ini ght In these Uni.ed I'rovinees.

]I(> ehall. ill like manner, i)ay attention that the Lord's day, the S"abli:ith of the
New 'retit-Miiient. be pmperly respected both by the observance of hearing tin- Holy
Word, as well as the prevenlinj; all unnecessary and daily labor on said day.

And wheieas. it is a scandal, that the Christians should minj^le themselves un-
lawfully with the wives or daughters of Heathens, the Otticer shall lalioi- to put
in exv'cutiim the placards and ordinances enacted or to be enacted airulnst llu?
!-;uiii', and .strictly enact the fines imposed thereby, without any dlssiuiuluiiuu. —
0'CaIlaj;hat.s History of New Netherland, Vol. li., 1S4, jt>.j.

OF THE State of ISTew York. 311

The Mirage Seen, During the ISTegotiations Between the
Republics of England and Holland, ]VIay 29, 1652.

-yi*\--\fi, ; ' ' ; 1652.

Whilst these negotiations were going on, " signs and wonders in the heavens "
portended the approach of events which were about to convulse the world. Hostile
fleets appeared over the horizon drawn up in hostile array, and next engaged in
close combat, to the great terror and astonishment of the humble fishermen who
witnessed the phenomenon, whilst pursuing their laborious vocations off the coast
of Holland. Men's minds had hardly ceased to dwell on this singular apparition,*
when intelligence arrived that in vindication of the Dutch flag and the freedom of
the seas, an engagement had taken place in the straits of Dover, between the
Dutch and English fleets, the former under Van Tromp, and the latter under Blake.

1652

Synod of ]SForth Holland, at Amsterdam.

Changes.
1652, Aug. 12 et seq.

Art. 29. Ecclesiastical Changes.

(Here folloAvs the names of the ministers who have died in the
East Indies, or were sent thither, or have returned thence:)

Sent thither: Rev. John Backerus.

Sent to New ISTetherland : To Amsterdam, Rev. Samuel Dries
(Drisius).

To Rensselaerwyck, Rev. Gideon Schaats.

* The following account of this singular mirage, is taken from Aitz. iii., 710.
" With the rising of the sun, the pilot first pi-rceived an appeaniiiee like that of a
table-lnnd about a man's height above llie horizon. A lar^o body of foot eoldiera
and cavalry seemed to him coniiag from ovt of the north, or uotli-'eiist. At sight of
this he called his crew and boys, saying, Hcmaik this mlr.-K-lr of God. 'I'lie whole
then in appeariiuce vanished. Next appeared a fleet of ships :ij;iimst lln- clear !»ky,
on the same side, coming from tlK» north, sonii* the nial'ts.-iil half up. <> hers in full
pail, others reefed; amongst the rest was a l.ii-ge ship which l)iiuii'di:iffly lost i.s
topmast, but shortly afterwards another was ringed. This shij) st-eiutMl so near,
that its flag lay over our ves-iel. It was a flag of thnv cc-'ors, oi- a |iii rice's flag.
Shortly after a powerfrl fleet of varinis sizes :ii)pe.ircd at ihe same lu-lglil. coming
from the .^outh-east. Both fle-.-is seenied siviling lowai-ilx ■•:! -li ...bc-. ( i.niiiii; to-
gether, a thick mis*" -like smoke arose, as if they were 'g'ninL' one n.,:; 'ii.«.i the oth'T,
whicli clouded the pi.e.iomeiu-n. 'I'liis dark ui'si •! f' ••■wi i- I ■; clisi|>|M .ir-'"!. : tnl then
ilie first vessels were again seen so clear ami perfect, tlnit all liieir ei,ii..i;re .and
blocks eoul'l be perceived. Tins lasted an lio, r. Afii-rwanls nil the vessels disap-
peared as if they had sunk. I'.ut n little farther aw'iv. :ill the shijis a^;nii showed
themselvea so clear, yen. so perfect in all respects, tlmt ii seemed ;is If tliey sliouM
lieave on our board. 'I'li'Mi apDeared a vrcat armed shij) tbit seemed to touch ih(»
ground, and l;iy with its hcMd in the \v;i;er. !>iit the stern si ncU In t ln' air. an!
Jiiiother sliiji seemed t(» siiil by. 'I liis dghl continued during three Inens. .inil crea'el
euch terror iiiilong the ci-ew, tli.-it they could luil e:it. they were so nii'cli rri;;li eiieil:
so tlim the sfeersninn 'ook m book in tiis hnml. c-illf'd the Ciirisiiau Sp;i t ..;irt. aiii
began to re.id from It. for the t ncoiiMgement of himself juid men. In i be eiisi north-
oust appe-ired a great Hon. remaining on iht> iiorlli siile it ilie \e.ssels. Aliont tJi«*
same (.pmricr nppeared some striinge bensis. -ill of wh'cli turned iiro ships. ISut
though the slii[>s t.Mi'i'd or trrtied. tiie lion ki-pl sie.idv to Mie iio'-l li. and so re.
mnitiod dur'n,' the whole sl.'.'li', about two or tliree hours.'* '''his mirage ;ippenre<l
about the White W;iter. twehe (Dnich) miles e(r tlic Wait. Tlie weatlit'- wis clear
PTinslilne. nn(^ the nrM-ti'-nl.irs r"-e iiHesKMi 1m- the whole of the crew. — U'CMllng'.uin'<
History of New Netherlaud, Vol. II. ^O'J. liiW.

1652

312 Ecclesiastic Ai. Records

Article 34.

Page 16 — Regarding Article 27, (1651), concerning Rev. Wil-
liam Grasmeer: The Rev. Synod having understood the pro-
cedures and Acts of the Rev. Classis of Alkmaer, with reference
to the said Grasmeer, who has now arrived in the Fatherland,
from New Netherland; and considering especially how he has
been reconciled on certain conditions with the said Classis: and
the Rev. Synod observing from the foregoing Acta of the Synod
at Alkmaer Anno 1650, Art. 46, that his person and case were
referred to Synod: Resolves to smnmon Rev. Grasmeer, who is
now abiding at Hoom, to appear at Amsterdam on Monday next,
August 19, in order that the Rev. Synod — before which he will
have to appear — may decide as to the propriety of his admission
to the ministry of the churches, which has been already granted
to him by the Rev. Classis of Alkmaer: even as heretofore it de-
cided in regard to his deposition effected by the Rev. Classis of
Alkmaer, and which was referred by and thro the same Classis
to the Rev. Synod.

Article 39.
Rev, William Grasmeer appeared. It was proposed to him —
whether indeed he had true sorrow and repentance for his sins,
and for the painful scandals which had been brought on God's
Church, and for which he had been lawfully deposed. His mis-
deeds and offences were placed duly before him by the Rev.
President. He did in part, deny them in the face of all the facts ;
and as for the rest, he covered them up with groundless excuses,
evasions, and glossings over; and on the whole made so meager
and hesitating a confession, that the Rev. Synod resolved that he
should have time for further reflection; with the admonition to
confess his sins unfeignedly and without any reser^^ation ; and to
promise in this Synod, and in the presence of the Lord, to conduct
himself in the future as his Christian profession ajid the sacred
ministry demands.

OF THE State of j^ew York. 313

Art. 40. Eev. William Grasmeer.

Kev. Grasmeer, appeared the next day. Upon further reflec-
tions and by a more salutary explanation of himself, he openly
confessed before the Synod that he was rightfully deposed by th©
Eev. Classis of Alkmaer for his scandals and sins, as specified in
Article 46, of the Synod of Alkmaer, in 1650; and as laid be-
fore him by the Classis of Alkmaer in the reconciliation, and as
here in this Synod specifically stated. He accordingly acknowl-
edged that the approval of that deposition by the Synod, rested
on good grounds. And inasmuch as he had deplored the said
sins with all sincerity before the Rev. Classis of Alkmaer;
and had protested that they grieved him from the heart; and
thereupon had been reconciled with that Classis; he now requests
that the Kev. Synod would ratify his readmission to the ministry,
already granted him by the Classis, on the strength of a hearty
acknowledgment of the said sins. He also promised that he would
always speak in honor of the Rev. Synod and the Rev. Classis of
Alkmaer in reference to the procedures taken against him, and
that henceforth he would conduct himself as becomes a pious and
godly minister, walking worthy of the Gospel, and the sacred
ministry. The Christian Synod having heard this later and specific
confession of his sins, his promise of improvement; and also from
the brethren at Hoorn, where he is stopping, that he has conducted
himself properly since his reconciliation with the Classis of Alk-
maer so far as they know; concludes that the said Rev. Grasmeer
be placed again in a condition to receive a call; and consequently
give him permission publicly to preach before the people wher-
ever he is lawfully invited, and can be heard to edification, in con-
formity with the resolution of the Rev. Classis of Alkmaer which
was now publicly read. For this Rev. Grasmeer thanked the
Synod, after an earnest address made to him by the President.

1652

314 Ecclesiastical Records

Founding of ISTewtown and Flatbush, L. I.

1652.

Two settlements were commenced on Long Island in the course of this year. One
of these was located immediately east of the old established plantation of Mespath,
in contradistinction to which, it was familiarly called " the New Town," though its
legal appellation was Middleburg. The Indian title to the lands composing the
town was not extinguished until some years subsequent to this date. A church was
erected here previous to 1655.

The other was situate in the " Vlaclse-bos," or Flatbush, between Breukelen and
Amersfoort, and received from Director Stuyvesant the name of Middelwout.
Though endowed, at its foundation, with over a dozen parcels of land for the sup-
port of religion and schools, its progress was much impeded in its infancy. The
Indians had not been paid for their property, and in their displeasure threatened
to burn the bouweries of the early pioneers. Payment was promised, " but nothing
came of it." The inhabitants continued in constant danger, and " the village did
not thrive." These and other difficulties aljout Indian claims, superadded to the
war with England, produced a good deal of confusion and discontent, and laid the
foundation of another appeal ere long to the authorities in Holland. — O'Callaghan's
History of New Netherland, Vol. ii. 194-195.

Court Minutes of jSTew Amsterdam — Prater at the Open-
ing OF THE Court.

Feb. 6; 1653.
The first entry in the records of the magistrates of this city is a prayer, which,
having been inserted at length in their minutes, is supposed to have been designed
by them to go down to posterity, and Is therefore given in full:

" O God of Gods, and Lord of Lords, Heavenly and most Merciful Father! We
thank thee that thou hast not only created us in thine own image, but that thou
hast received us as thy children and guests when we were lost; and in addition to
all this, it has pleased thee to place us in the government of thy people in this
place.

" O Lord, our God, we, thy wretched creatures, acknowledge that we are not
worthy of this honor, and that we liave neither strength nor sufficiency to discharge
the trust committed to us, without thine assistance.

" We beseech thee, O foun .-lin of all gijud gifts, qualify ua l»y tliy grace, that
we may, with fidelity and right i'(nisiiess, serve In our respective offices. To this euJ
enlighten our darkened uiidersiandings. tliat we miy lie aide to tlistingulsii the
right from the wrong; the truth from falsehood, and that we uirty give pure and
uncorrupted decisions: h<i\iiig au eye upon thy word, a .sure giilde, giving to the
simple wisdom and knowledge. Let thy law be a light unto our feet and a lamp
to our path, so that we tuny never turn away from the path of righteousness.
Deeply impress on all our minds tiiat we are not accountable nuto men but uuto
(Jod. who seeth and beareth .ill things. Let all respci-t of persons be far removed
friMii lis, that we may award justice unto the rich and the poor, unto friends and
fueinies alike: to resiileuts ami to stranger.s, according to the law of truth; and
thiit not line of lis may swer\e iherffroin. And since gifts do liiind the eyes of
the wise. aiKl ilestroy the heart. tlKTi-forc keep our hearts aright, (.ir.-int unto us,
also, tli.-if w<> may not rashly prejiidg" aiiv oiie. williout a f:)!r liearing, hut that
ve p.'Hii'titly hear thi- parlies, and give tlietii lime and opportiiuiry for defending
themselTeii; iu all tlilugB louklii^ iiji t» tUet- ami t<> thy word for counsel amd
diiei'iiou.

•• <Jrariort«iy incline our hearts, that we exen-lsi- the power which thou li.ist given
IIS, to the gener.-il good of the community, and lo the maintenance of the church,
that we uiay be praised by theui that Uo well, nud u terror to evil-doers.

OF THE State of IN'ew York. 315

" Incline, also, the hearts of the subjects unto due obedience, so that through
their respect and obedience our burdens may be made the lighter.

" Thou knowest, Oh Lord, that the wicked and ungodly do generally contemn and
transgress thine ordinances, therefore clothe us with strength, courage, fortitude
and promptitude, that we may, with proper earnestness and zeal, be steadfast unto
the death against all sinners and evil-doers.

" Oh, good and gracious God, command thy blessing upon all our adopted resolu-
tions, that they may be rendered effectual, and redound to the honor of thy great
and holy name, to the greatest good of the trusts committed to us and to our
salvation.

'■ Hear and answer us. Oh gracious God, in these our petitions, and in all that
thou seest we need, through the merits of Jesus Christ thy beloved son, in whose
name we conclude our prayer." — Valentine's New York, pp. 55, 56, 57.

Another Translation in Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. i, 48, 49.

Father Poncet's Capture. — Visits Fort Orange. — Returns
TO Quebec, 1C53, Aug.-Oct.

AVar now interrupted all peaceful relations between the French,
and the Iroquois, and the persecution ceased in the Mohawk
country solely through lack of fuel, when the savages of that
quarter made another incursion into the heart of Canada, and
captured Father Joseph Poncet, Aug. 20, 1653, who happened
to be abroad " endeavoring to get some persons to cut the harvest
of a poor widow." Hurrying the Missionary away, with other
unfortunate persons who fell into their hands, they stripped the
captives and forced them to run the gauntlet through half a hun-
dred armed savages, then mounted them on a lofty scaffold and
obliged them to sing. Yet uncertain of his fate, a woman asked
that Ver child be permitted to cut off one of the Father's fingers.
The inyov was granted, and whilst the young barbarian was prac-
ticing this early lesson in cruelty, Poncet manifested his resigna-
tion by chanting sacred songs. For two days and three nights was
he doomed to additional tortures, whilst one of his companions
was roasted alive before his eyes, Sept. 8, 1G53. But Pro^ddenco
abandnr.cd not its servants. He was adopted by an old crone be-
longing to one of the castles, and a messenger arri\ ed a few day.s
after with intelligence that their warriors v.erc on the eve of
concliidirg a peace with the Governor of Cannda, who insisted as
a preliminary that " the black gown " should be restored. Father
Poncet now foinul liIs tit nation wonderfully improved. He was

1653

316 Ecclesiastical Records

immediately conveyed to Fort Orange to be supplied with cloth-
ing and proper surgical attendance. Here he was presented to
Commissary Dyckman, Sept. 20, 1653, who, notwithstanding M.
de Lauzon, the French Governor, had written recommending the
Father to that officer's attention, received him coldly;. and he
was about to lie down supperless on the bare boards, having no
bed, when " a worthy old Walloon " invited him into his house
and treated him with the kindest hospitality. Other settlers fur-
nished him with clothes, whilst a Scotch matron, " who was al-
ways kind to the French," sent a surgeon to dress his wounds.
During his sojourn, Poncet was still alive to the duties of his call-
ing. Having discovered two Catholics among the settlers — one
a Brussels merchant, the other a young Frenchman who acted as
interpreter to the settlement — he administered to them the con-
solations of religion, and then prepared for his return. On the
day of his departure, his generous Dutch friends crowded around
him with presents, and expressed the warmest regret at his leav-
ing them. He cheered them with the promise that he should re»-
tum again in the course of the ensuing summer, and consented
to accept only an overcoat, a pair of moccassins, and a pair of
shoes, with a blanket " to serve him as a bed on the road." A
few fish were all his stock of provisions, and with these he set
out for home, where he arrived in the course of the following
month, Oct. 3, 1653. His journey to the Mohawk country had
been by the Kichelieu River and Lake Champlain. On his ref-
turn he was conducted by way of the Oswego to Lake Ontario,
and thence down the St. Lawrence to Quebec. It is more than
probable he was the first white man that traversed that region.
A peace was now solemnly concluded between the Mohawks and
the French, the latter leaving two of their countrymen hostages
for its faithful observance.

OF THE State of Kew Yoek. 31 <

1653

Classis of Amsterdam.

Correspondence from America. — There is an abstract of this
letter in Vol. 26, p. 146, made by the Deputies.

Eevs. Megapolensis and Drisins to the Classis of Amsterdam,

Oct. 6, 1653.

Reverend, Pions and Learned Fathers in Christ: —

We acknowledge with grateful hearts the favor of God, the
good will of the Directors, and the zealous care of your Reverend
body, for the defence, and maintenance of the Ref onued Religion
in this foreign land, which is under the privileged government
of the Honorable Company, and which has obligated the Governor
by oath, in their commission to him, to permit no other religion
than the Reformed.

We have hitherto enjoyed the full benefit of our religion in
this province. But recently, on the 4th of October last, it hap-
pened that certain Lutheran residents here, prepared and pre-
sented a certain request to our Governor, (asking for) permis-
sion to call a Lutheran Minister out of Holland, and also to or-
ganize separately and publicly a congregation and church. This
would tend to the injury of our church, the diminution of hearers
of the Word of God, and the increase of dissensions, of which
we have had a sufficiency for years past. It would also pave the
way for other sects, so that in time our place would become a
receptacle for all sorts of heretics and fanatics.

Observe that these petitioners have not only tmce before made
this request of our Governor, but have also addressed letters to
their Hight Mightinesses, the States of Holland, and to the Hon.
Directors of the West India Company. Therefore it is our humble
and earnest request, that your Rev. body will use your influence
with the Hon. Directors, of the Company, that they may so pro-
vide and determine, that the project of our Lutheran friends may
be rejected, and thus the welfare, prosperity and edification of
the church in this place, may be promoted. For as long as no

1653

318 Ecclesiastical Records

other religion tlian the Eeformed has been publicly allowed, all
who wish to engage in public worship come to our service. By
this means it has happened that several, among whom are some
of the principal Lutherans, have made a profession of religion,
and united with us in the Lord's Supper, We have communicated
these matters to the Hon. Directors (Heeren majores), in whom
we have the greatest confidence, but we request your Rev. body
occasionally to refresh their memories, lest through want of proper
attention to the subject, the requested permission should be given.
Our Governor here is zealous for the Reformed Religion, and
would rather relinquish his office than grant permission in this
matter, since it is contrary to the first article of his commission,
which was confirmed by him with an oath, not to permit any other
than the Reformed doctrine.

Finally, we commend your Rev. body to the gracious protection
of the Most Lligh, whose blessing both you and we need for suc-
cess in our sacred office.

Your Reverences' Obedient,

Johannes Megapolensis, V. D. M.
!N'ew Amsterdam, Samuel Drisius, V. D. M.

Oct. 6, 1653.

Deduction Made by the Directok General and Council, Re-
garding THE Remonstrance of the 11th of December
(1653, Signed by the Burgomasters and Schepens of This
City and Some En'glishmen.

The third point.

The English do not only enjoy the right of nominating their own Magistrates,
but some of them also usurp the election and appointment of such Magistrates, as
they please, without regard to their religion. Some, especially the people of
Gravesend, elect libertines and Anabaptists, which is decidedly against the laws of
the Netherlands.*— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 233, 235.

* The West India Company had begun to become alarmed at dangers which
threatened New Netherland from New England. The boundary line was in dispute.
Stuyvesant was compelled, though unwillingly, to listen to the advice of the prin-
cipal citizens, and give up part of the revenue from the excise, but insisted that
the city government should support the two clergymen, the schoolmasters and the
secretary. But the Burgomasters and Schepens demanded that the whole city reve-
nue should be surrendered into their hands, or they would resign. After much
debate, Stuyvesant surrendered to them the excise on liquor upon condition that
the Burgomasters and Schepens should furnish subsidies for the maintenance of
the City work, and for civil and ecclesiastical affairs. — Brodhead's N. Y. i. 567-8.

OF THE State of j^ew York. 31i)

CoMMissioisr OF Rev. Samuex. Dmsms as Diplomatic Agent to
BE S^NT to Virginia.

Petrus Stuyvesant, on behalf of their Noble High Mightinesses, the Lorfls-States-
General of the United Netherlands, and the Noble Lords-Directors of the Privi-
leged West India Company, Director-General of New Netherland, Curacao,
Bonayro, Aruba and dependencies, with the High Council; December 16, 1653.

To all who may read this, or hear it read, Greeting:

Know ye, that for the purpose of promoting a general peace and the welfare of
both nations, we have in May last past deputed, commissioned and sent our extra-
ordinary agents, the Honorable Cornells van Tienhoven, Councillor and Fiscal of
New Netherland, and Arent van Hattem, Burgomaster of this City, to the Very
Honorable Richard Bennett, Governor and Captain General of Virginia and his
Council of State, in order to covenant and conclude with them a close and firm
alliance, correspondence and commerce between their and this our Government,
without regard to the undesired and unexpected bloody differences, arisen to our
great regret between their and our nation in Europe, as their credentials and com-
missions have further informed the said Honorable Governor and Council. How-
ever the said Honorable Governor, and the Council of State in Virginia, found
themselves at that time unauthorized, to give a conclusive answer to the proposi-
tions made by our then agents, before they, as they honestly and frankly stated In
their reply, had first submitted them to, and advised thereupon with their superiors,
the Government of England, which they intended and agreed to do by the first
opportunity. If this has been done agreeably to their sincere Intention, we trust,
that the said Honorable Governor and Council of State received some time ago an
answer from their superiors, or may be in daily expectation of it.

Therefore the Director-General and Council of New Netherland have resolved, for
the promotion of so laudable an object as the continuation of peace, increase of
commerce and cultivation of correspondence between siTch old friends, neighbors
and co-religionists living in such distant countries, to send once more an authorized
and suitable person thither, to remind the said Honorable Governor and Council of
Virginia of our former good intentions, which we .still have, and our proposlMons,
and to iearn their reply. We have hereto requested, also authorized and commis-
sioned, the Reverend and Very Learned Mr. Samuel Driesius. Minister of the Gospel
in the City of New Amsterdam; and, fully relying upon his ability, wisdom and
experience, we have directed him, as by this our open letter and commission we
direct and empower him, to go to Virginia and address himself there to the said
Honorable Governor, Richard Bennett, and his Council, In order to receive, in his
quality as our embassador, from the said Governor and Council, an answer to our
former propositions, and to learn what reply was given by their superiors upon the
matter submitted. If the said Honorable Governor and Cohncll should not yet have
received it, then he is to propose and ask for a provisional conMmmtlon of the com-
merce and intercourse between the two places, a free pass or safeguard, signed by
the Honorable Governor, for some of their merchants and yachts, to pay and col-
lect debts among inhabitants of Virginia; as we on our side have given and are still
willing to give, passes to come and go, to the ships and yachts coming to us from
Virginia. All this to be only provisionally, until on either side we shall have re-
ceived orders to the contrary from our superiors, aud countermanded the provisional
passes, of which such ships and yachts might be informed six or eight days before-
hand; that thus private losses, general injury and further difTerences between na-
tion and nation might be prevented. If this cannot be obtained, then he shall ask
for a free pass for one ship to bring back our envoy free and unmolested by the
Parliament ships.

1653

320 Ecclesiastical Records

1653

We further promise by this our open letter and commission, to ratify and carry
out all that may be covenanted and concluded in this matter between the said
Honorable Governor, his Council, and our present envoy, Domlne Samuel Drisius.
Done at New Amsterdam In New Netherland, the 16th of December 1653.

P. StuyveScint.
By order.

Cornells van Ruyven,

Secretary. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 241, 242.

1653.
At the close of this year, " the Reverend and very learned Samuel Drisius, min-
ister of the Gospel In the city of New Amsterdam," was sent to renew the former
proposals to Gov. Bennett, and to conclude with him a commercial treaty, including
a power to the merchants of New Netherland to collect debts due them in Virginia.
Should these be accepted, the Director General pledged himself to ratify whatever
hla plenipotentiary might agree to, provided, however, that six or eight days notice
may be given of any intention to revoke such agreement as may be concluded, " so
as to prevent losses and animosities between nation and nation.' This mission
proved entirely successful.* — O'Callaghan, ii. 235.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.
1654 1654, Jan. 1st.

Eequest to the Hon. XIX, to prevent Lutheran Preaching and
Public Assemblies in Xew Netherland, with Answer thereto.

Concerning the complaint of the church in New Netherland:
The Lutherans there have desired to call a pastor from Holland,
and organize public assemblies, (congregations.) They have re-
quested consent thereto by letters to the Hon. XIX, as also to
the Hon. States of Holland, as appears from the extracts, (folio
146) of their letter sent to our Classis. They request that our
Classis would help to prevent this, with all earnestness, before
the Hon. Directors of the West India Company, as it would be a
circumstance very injurious to the Refonned doctrine there.

This complaint was presented by the Deputati ad res Indicas
to the Hon. Directors. They have responded that they were in-
clined to oppose the plan of the Lutherans; that they, with the
church in New Netherland, believe that such permission would
be very injurious. They also declare their fear that other evil
consequences might result; that the Mennonites, as well as the

• Domlne Drisius's commission is in Alb. Rec. ix., 59. It embodies the statements
In the text. It is rather singular that none of the historians of Virginia, (at least,
so far as our research has gone,) gives any particulars of these early embassies.

OF THE State of Xew York. 321

English Independents, who are numerous there, might seek to
introduce like public assemblies.

And as the Deputies represented that the Lutherans had not
only made known their request to the Hon. Directors, but also
to the Hon. States of Holland, and that it was to be feared that
they might grant their petition; they reply thereto, that they
would take care in this matter ; that in case the Hon. States should
incline thereto, they would give opposing reasons; that they would
bind themselves to resist the request of the Lutherans, and would
notify the Deputati ad res Indicas, that they might transmit (such
information) to the church in New iSTetherland, in the city of iSTew
Amsterdam. — xxvi. 148.

Father Le Moyne, Feb. 5,-Aug. 16, 1654. Discovers the Salt

Springs.

The friendship exhibited at this period by the savages covered, however, a deeper
policy than the mere desire for peace. Their continual ■wars had thinned their
ranks, and they were desirous to obtain the removal of the Hurons to their country
to supply the places of those they had lost. This motive alone had Induced them
to restore Poncet. But this policy was not confined to the Mohawks. The Onon-
dagoes had suffered also from their contests with the Chats or Cat Indians, and
wished to embody the Hurons among their tribe. They were likewise anxious to
be independent of the Mohawks, at whose hands they experienced considerable 111
treatment in their passage through the lower country to the Dutch. They calcu-
lated that they could secure this by uniting themselves more closely with the
French, whom they wished to build them a fort, where their wives and children
might retire in time of danger. To accomplish all these purposes, they now visited
Canada, Feb. 5, 1654, and solicited the Governor of that country to send, as a pre-
liminary, a Jesuit Father among them. Simon Le Moyne, a missionary of much
experience, who had already passed eighteen years among the Indians, was accord-
ingly allowed to accompany them. He had not been gone many days, when a depu-
tation of the Kayingehagas, or Mohawks strengthened with letters from the Dutch
of Beverwyck, arrived July 4, 1654, to make a similar request. They were exceed-
ingly disappointed when they learned that the Onondagoes had forestalled them.
" We of the Five Nations have but one cabin," said their orator; " we make but
one fire, and have always dwelt under the same roof. Is It not then by the door
that the house should be entered, and not by the chimney and roof, unless you be
a thief and desire to surprise the Inmates? You do not enter by the door, which
Is on the first floor. We, Mohawks, are that door. You enter by the roof and
chimney, for you begin with the Onondagoes. Are you not afraid that the smoke
will blind you, as our fire Is still burning? Do you not fear to fall from the top
to the bottom, having nothing solid to rest your feet on? " Means were taken to
pacify them, and they retired for a season to their homes.

Father Le Moyne was, meanwhile, far on his Journey to the country of the Onon-
dagoes. He sojourned among that tribe some ten days, and crowned his mission,
on the 16th of August, 16.')4, by the discovery of the rich and exhaust loss Salt
Springs for which that district has been so long and so Justly celebrated. — O'Cnl-
laghan's History of New Netherland, Vol. 11. 209-303.
21

1654

322 Ecclesiastical Records

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

1654, Feb. 23rd.

The request of the church of New Amsterdam in New Nether-
land, recorded on folio 148, has been granted by the Hons. Lords,
Directors of the West India Company. They resolved, Feb. 23,
1654, not to permit any Lutheran pastors there, nor any other
public worship than that of the true Reformed ; and to transmit
this, their resolution, at the first opportunity to their Governor,
and to announce the same to the Church.

At the same time they declare, that if a suitable person could
be found, willing to go to New Netherland, and there take charge
of public worship upon a certain island,* they will also consent
thereto, and that they had appropriated sLx hundred guilders as
annual salary. They request the Classis of Amsterdam to look
about and discover whether a suitable person could not be found
for this service, and to make the same known to them.— xxvi.
158.

The Classis of Amsterdam to Revs. John Megapolensis and
Samuel Dries (Drisius), Pastors in New Netherland; written
and transmitted Feb. 26, 1654. For resolution of the XIX,
see above. — xxvi. 158.
Reverend, Godly, Highly Learned, Brethren:—

Your letter of Oct. 6, 1653, came safely to hand. From it
we learn with great joy that God the Lord has hitherto blessed
your labors in his vineyard, so that the saving doctrine of the
Holy Gospel grows and increases daily not only among the Dutch
and other Europeans, but also among the blind heathen, whom
God has heretofore suffered to walk in their own ways of errors.
We learn also from your letter that the Lutherans are very
restless; that they hinder the pure doctrine and obstruct its

(»This reference is to Long Island, where no Dutch churches were as yet
established).

OF THE State of New York. 3213

course, requesting permission to hold public divine services for
themselves, and to that end, that they may have a Lutheran pas-
tor from Holland; also that they have transmitted their request
to the Hon. XIX, and to the States of Holland.

This gi-ieves us. But you have acted very well and prudently
in that you have not only attempted to hinder their purpose
through your Hon. Governor, but have also transmitted to the
Hon. Directors your complaint, (asking them) not to grant their
request. At the same time you have requested our Classis to
lend you their helping hand. This we have willingly undertaken.
We immediately charged our Deputati ad res Indicas to make
known your necessaiy and just request, with your annexed rea-
sons, to the Hon. Lords Directors, and to request favorable ac-
tion thereon. This was done, and we have received a favorable
answer concerning it, viz., that they would consider the request,
which -was also made known to them by yourselves, and would
reply to us.

This they have done. They have notified us that they have
refused the request of the Lutherans in every particular, and
have resolved to tolerate no other (public) exercise of divine
worship in New JSTetherland except that of the true Eeformed
Religion. They would also transmit their action to their Gov-
ernor, by the first vessels, and have the same promulgated there.
Hence we do not doubt but that the Reformed Doctrines will
remain unembarrassed, and be maintained without being hin-
dered by the Lutherans, and other erring spirits. May the mer-
ciful God grant to them his grace, and graciously bless you and
your services, to the honor of his name, and the propagation of
the true worship.

Thus done at Amsterdam, Yeh. 26, (N.S.) 1654, in the name
and by the order of the Classis of Amsterdam. Written and
signed by

(In the volumes of Correspondence of the Classis, 26-32, the
names of the writers are frequently omitted).

1664

1654

324 Ecclesiastical Records

To send a Preacher to 'New j^etherland.

1654, March 2nd.

Inasmuch as the Messrs. Directors of the West India Com-
pany ordered the Deputati ad res Indicas to seek a candidate
who is willing to sail as minister to New l^etherland, and prom-
ise to give him a salary of six hundred guilders, ($240.) and
some perquisites (privileges) besides, the brethren were asked if
they happened to know of any such candidate. Inasmuch
as at present no one was found, it remains further recommended
to these Brethren to bear the subject in mind. — v. 319.

Directors to Stuyvesant : Church Affairs.

Honorable, Worshipful, Pious, Dear, Faithful.

We hav<; decided absolutely to deny the request made by some of our inh'abitants,
adherents of the Augsburg confession, for a preacher and free exercise of their
religion, pursuant to the custom hitherto observed by us and the East India Com-
pany, on account of the consequences arising therefrom; and we recommend to you
also not to receive any similar petitions, but rather to turn them off in the most
civil and least offensive way, and to employ all possible but moderate means in
order to Induce them to listen, and finally join the Reformed Church, and thus
live in greater love and harmony among themselves.

We have been pleased to see the zeal of several of our Inhabitants of a new
village on Long Island for the Reformed religion; and that it may not cool, we
have resolved, upon this representation, to contribute, in the beginning, six hun-
dred florins yearly, and are looking about here for a fit and pious teacher or
minister: we have also notified the Reverend Classis here, so that you and the
people may expect him by the first opportunity. We are hereby reminded, that
now and then complaints are made to us, of the inconveniences and troubles to
which Domines Johannis Megapolensis and Samuel Drislus are unreasonably ex-
posed there by the Irregular and scanty payment of their respective salaries. We
are astonished to hear, that even the former has to claim an arrear of several
thousand guilders, although you had made a special agreement with him, that his
"salary should be paid there; while the other has been sent to you on the same
condition: as this has always been your proposition, based upon so good and fair
reasons, and was really necessary, as stated before, it surprises us, that you take
no better care to place these men above want. To prevent this in future, we
deem it requisite to charge you, herewith, and seriously recommend, that you
satisfy the demands of these persons as best you can, there, so that no further
complaints are made to us. March 12, 1654. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 250, 252, 253.

OF THE State of New Yokk. 325

■ Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies. — William Vestensz.

1654, May llth.

Eev. WittenwTongel mentions that he has received word from
William Vestensz, in which he complains of slow payments. He
requests, through the intervention of the Classis, some compen-
sation for his four years' administration of the office of sexton;
also that another be sent in his place, and he, upon his return, be
transferred, as Visitor of the Sick, to the East Indies. This is
referred to the Rev. Deputati ad res Indicas. xxvi. 169.

Ministers' Salaries.
; 1654, June 1.

The Fiscal is ordered and commanded to notify and Inform Burgomasters and
Schepens, that the ministers have applied to us, by petition, for their accrued
salaries; and as a half-year's allowance has matured and become due since the'
excise has been drawn by the Burgomasters and Schepens; Burgomasters and
Schepens will therefore please to furnish the accrued half-year's salary out of the
receipt, according to promise. Done In the Session of the Hon. Director General
and Supreme Council of New Netherland, in New Amsterdam, June 1st 1654.

Agrees with Register of Resolutions.

Cor. Van Ruyven, Sec.
— Records New Amsterdam, i. 206. Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 268-9.

Director-Generae to the Burgomasters etc.

OF Kew Amsterdam, Pay the Ministers'

Salaries, etc.

1654

To the Worshipful Burgomasters and Schepens of New Amsterdam: Today we
take God and our consciences, your Worships and other reuptable citizens, as
witnesses, that we have now, and before this, repeatedly, reminded your Worships
of the precarious situation; and requested to think of assistance and means. Your
Worships' word and promise were good enough, and, influenced by them, we let
your Worships have provisionally the Tavern keepers' Excise on the distinct
promise, that your Worships would then provide moans and take care, that the
ministers of the Gospel should be paid their salaries.

New Amsterdam, June 8th, 1654. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 271. 272.

1654.

These propositions did not satisfy the Director General. The promise to com-
plete the fort, after the city had been secured, was not redeemed. The monies
already borrowed were expended in defending the city, and not in repairing the
fort. Those who advanced that loan were urgent for its payment. The Burgo-
masters and Schepens had received the excise, but had not furnished the sub-

326 Ecclesiastical Records

Bldles which they had so solemnly promised, and now presumed to fix their quota
at three thousand guilders, when it was notorious that they had collected more
than that sum. They had not contributed a farthing towards repairing the public
works, yet they pretended, " very abusively," to give good example. As they
had now failed in their duty, and had not paid the clergymen, schoolmaster nor
beadle, the Director and Council reclaimed the excise, and farmed It out. " Both
the gospel ministers " were paid, and the whole subject was again referred to the
Lords Patroons in Holland for their decision. The Amsterdam Directors were not
in the best of humor on receiving intelligence of the obstinacy of the city fathers.
They immediately instructed Stuyvesant to use his authority to enforce the orders
he had already received, " so that these men may no longer indulge in the visionary
dream that contributions cannot be levied without their consent." — O'Cailaghan'B
History of New Netherland, Vol. 11. 269, 270.

Classis of Amsterdam.
Correspondence from America.

1654, July 15tli.
Revs. Megapolensis and Drisius to the Classis of Amsterdam.
Reverend, Pious, Very Learned Fathers and Brethren in Christ :

Your letter of 26th of February of this year (1654) is most
acceptable. We understand from it, that our request that you
would aid us as far as practicable in the matter of the Lutherans
here, has been considered by you, and that through your repre-
sentations, the Lutheran request before the Hon. Directors,
(Heeren majores) has been rejected. Thus also the way for
other sectaries is closed up. By this a great service has been
rendered to our church, for which our thanks are due.

In addition to this, you make mention in your letter, that you
have gathered from our letters, that the knowledge of the Gos-
pel is making great progress among the Indians here. Speak-
ing with all deference, we do not know or think that we have
furnished any such intelligence in our letters. We greatly wish
indeed, that such were the state of things among the Indians,
but as yet, there is little appearance of it. It is indeed true
that a sachem of the Indians has sojourned for a length of time
among us at the Manhattans, who was diligent in learning to
read and write, which he learned to do tolerably well. He was
also instructed in the principal grounds of the christian faith.

OF THE State of Kew York. 327

and publicly joined in recitations on the catechism by christian
children. We gave him a Bible that he might peruse it and
teach his own countrymen from it. We hoped that in due time
he might be the instrument of accomplishing considerable good
among the Indians. But we acknowledge that he has only the
bare knowledge of the truth, without the practice of godliness.
He is greatly inclined to drunkenness, and indeed, is not better
than other Indians. We do not indeed expect much fruit of
religion among these barbarous nations, until they are brought
under the government of Euorpeans, as these latter increase in
numbers. Finally, we commend you to the care and protection
of tlie Most High. Pray also for his blessing on our ministry.

Johannes Megapolensis.
Samuel Drisius.
XcAV Amsterdam, July 25, 1654.

To the Worshipful, Worthy, Dear, Faithful, The Schont, Burgomasters and
Schepens of the City of New Amsterdam, with Proclamation. (Peace between
the Republics of England and Holland.)

1654, July 18. City Hall. Saturday.
On the date hereof, Burgomasters and Schepeus of the city of New Amsterdam,
in conformity with the following letter, cause to be published and affixed at the
City Hall, after the usual preliminary ringing of the bell, the (Proclamation) of
Peace, which has been concluded between the Ilepublics of England and Holland,
according to the printed copy.

Copy.
The Director General and Supreme Council of New Netherland:
Worshipful, Worthy, Dear, Particular: —

This serves to convey the Proclamation of Peace, Union and Confederation
made and concluded on the 15th of April last (1654), at Westminster, between
Messrs. the Commissioners of the Lord I'rotector of the Republic of England,
Scotland and Ireland on the one part, and the Ambassadors of their Noble, High
and Mighty the Lords States General of the United Netherlands on the other part.
Which I'roclamation sent us by their said Noble High Mightinesses, we have
thought proper to communicate hereby to Your Worships, charging and command-
ing you, to cause the said Proclamation of I'eace, Union and Confederation, to be
published and affixed, where it is customary to be done; and the contents
thereof; according to its form and tenor, you are to have observed and obeyed
in good faith by all who are or may be placed under you. Wherewith ending, we
commend Your Worships to the gracious protection of the Most High. New
Amsterdam, in New Netherland, this 17th day of July, Anno 1654.

P. Stuyvesant.

By Order of the Director General and Supreme Council.

Corn, van Ruyven, Sec. — Records New Amsterdam, 1. 215.

1654

328 Ecclesiastical Records

1654, Aug. 24th.

Catharine Polhemus, wife of the minister recently in Brazil re-
quests the assistance of the Brethren, the Deputies, to procure her
the money, which her husband, Kev. Mr. Polhemus, had earned.
Her request was received, and Rev. Langelius will inquire of
book-keeper Schaef, what the prospect is of her being paid. XX.
314.— See also Doc. Hist. X. Y. iii. TO.

CouKT Minutes of Xew Amsteedam.

Support of the Church, etc., in New Amsterdam.

1654, August 24.

The Burgomasters and Schepens of the City of New Amsterdam all due rever-
ence and respect represent:

That on the 21st of July being assembled collegialiter at the invitation of the
Honorable Director General, his Honor did in the presence of two ministers.
Dominies Megapolensis and Driesius, call their attention to the letter of the
Directors of the Chamber of Amsterdam, the Lords and Patroons of this Province
of New Netherland, and to their request, and therefore being admonished to think
no more of all that had ever passed heretofore and to live in future in all friend-
ship, which was mutually promised. At the same time the Honorable General
delivered to the Burgomasters and Schepens a despatch sent by the Honorable
Lords to the Burgomasters and Schepens, according to which we are determined
to regulate ourselves and to obey all that is therein mentioned.

Therefore the Director General and Supreme Council have been pleased by a
certain writing dated the 4th of August, delivered to us, partially to reprove us
for certain omissions and to urge upon us the great necessity to devise some ways
and means, to support and maintain the civil and ecclesiastical service and the
Military, who have come in the ships from Fatherland and are still expected to
arrive in others, and to make provision for the payment of the quota of all the
money taken up for the making of the public walls and works, etc.; in addition
thereto that the Burgomasters and Schepens had obtained last year the receipt of
the Tapsters' Excise from the Director General and Council on the condition, that
the Church expenses be paid out of it and that the Burgomasters and Schepens
should furnish something else as a supplement thereto.

Whereupon Burgomasters and Schepens of the City of New Amsterdam who
consider nothing else, but the welfare, union and advantage of this City and their
Superiors of this Province, in order then first to put everything on a solid founda-
tion, have as precursors offered as their quota the sum of three thousand guilders,
as appears by Resolution of the 10th of August, transmitted to the Director Gen-
eral, and the other Courts contributing in proportion, they maintain, that the
borrowed moneys and incurred debts can be paid off.

And whereas it has been decided by the Honorable Directors as Lords and
Patroons of this Province, as appears from the 4th Article of the despatch sent
to the Burgomasters and Schepens, that the excise shall be paid into our Treasury
and be there received; Therefore we do, by these presents; offer to take upon us
to support henceforth at the expense of this City of New Amsterdam:

Of the Church — One of tlie Ministers, one Precentor, being at the same time
Schoolmaster, one Dogwhipper (Beadle). — Early Records of New Amsterdam,
Vol. i. 232.

OF THE State of IS^ew Yoek. 329

Burgomasters and Schepens to the Directok

AND Council: Salaries of the Ministers, The Church Of-
ficers^ Aug. 31, 1654.

To the Noble, Very Worshipful, Honorable Director-General and High Council of
New Netherland:

The Burgomasters and Schepens of the City of New Amsterdam show with due
reverence and submission.

On the 20th of July, while in session, they were summoned before the Honorable
Director-General, when his Honor in presence of two ministers, Domine Mega-
poleusis and Drlesius, communicated to them the letter from the Noble Lords-
Directors, Department of Amsterdam, Lords and Patroons of this Province of
New Netherland, and what their Noble "Worships demanded. His Honor thereupon
admonished them not to remember what had passed before, but to live henceforth
in harmony, which was promised by both sides. Then the Honorable Director-
General delivered to the Burgomasters and Schepens the letter addressed to them
by the Noble Lords-Directors, by which we are willing to govern ourselves, fol-
lowing the directions contained therein.

Now the Honorable General and High Council have been pleased to censure us
in a memorial sent us on the 4th August concerning some omissions and to lay
before us the great necessity of providing a revenue, by which the civil administra-
tion, the church and the military (arrived by the last ships and to be expected
In the following ones) might be supported and maintained; also to determine our
quota of the amounts to be paid for the loan, for the building of the walls and
breastworks around the City, and to remember, besides, that the Burgomasters
and Schepens had obtained last year the revenues from the Tavernlieepers' Excise
under condition, that the expenses of the ecclesiastical establishment should be
paid therefrom, and that the Burgomasters and Schepens should maiie good the
deficit from other resources.

1654

Whereas the Xoble Lords Directors, as Lords and Patroons of this Province have
consented, that the Excise shall be paid into the City's Treasury, as the 4th article
of their letter to the Burgomasters and Schepens shows:

Therefore we agree and engage ourselves on behalf of this City of New Amster-
dam to pay for the ecclesiastical establishment the salaries of

One of the preachers;

One precentor, who is to be schoolmaster at the same time; etc., etc. — Col.
Docs. N. y. xiv. 288, 289.

Answer of the Director General and Council to the Letter
OF the Burgomasters, etc., Dated August 31 (1654), Re-
ferring it to the Home Authorities.

As the Burgomasters and Schepens do not fulfill their promise and carry out the
conditions, to provide for some other revenue hi place of the Taverukeepers' Ex-
cise, and as they have failed to let out the same for the purpose of paying the
salaries of the clergymen and placing them above want; the Director General and
Council are compelled to lot out the said Excise to the highest bidder in con-
formity with their resolution of the 13th of August last past, and to employ the
proceeds in promptly providing for the support of the clergy. By these means
the Burgomasters and Scliopens will be excused and delivered from carrying out
their offer, to support at their expense, one clergyman, one schoolmaster, and one

1654

330 Ecclesiastical Records

beadle; the intentions and order of the Lords Directors will be executed, the jus
patrouatus will be preserved, and both the clergymen paid and placed above want.

Given at New Amsterdam in New Netherland September 16, 1654.

P. Stuyvesant.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 291, 293.

Order on a Petition from the Court of Midwout and Ames-
FOORT Respecting Church Matters.

The Magistrates of Midwout and Amesfoort presented to the Council a petition,
which is copied into the Book of Petitions, and to which the following answer was
given.

It is resolved upon the petition of the Court of Midwout and Amesfoort, first
concerning the proposition to continue the teacher; that they must proceed in this
matter according to the rules of the Church, and await the answer of the Lords
Directors to the request made by the said Court or its deputies. Meanwhile the
Director General and Council are satisfied, that the present teacher, Domine
Polhemius, attend to the divine service among them, until further orders shall
have been received from the Fatherland; and they also consent, that he shall
receive for his ministrations a proper and fair remuneration in conformity with
the teachings of the Apostle Paul, " that he, who serves at the alter, shall live
by it ".

Thus done etc. New Amsterdam, Oct. 13, 1654.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 294.

!N'ote ON Church at Midwout and Domine Polhemus.

1654.

Hitherto, however, the Dutch towns on Long Island had neither clergyman nor
church, and the inhabitants, of necessity, attended divine worship at New Amster-
dam. The Reverend Johannes Theodorus Polhemus, who had been previously
minister at Itamarca in Brazil, having now arrived in the province, received a call
from Midwout, where a small cruciform church, some sixty feet by twenty eight,
was soon after erected by general subscription. It was the first Dutch church on
Long Island: the congregation was composed of the adjoining towns, and here
divine service was performed every Sunday morning; the afternoon sermon being
preached alternately at Breukelen and Amersfoort.*

* N. A. Rec; Alb. Rec. iv., 179; ix., 238, 302; x., 332. Domine Polhemus was
joined by his wife, Catherine, in 1656. He had two children Theodorus and Daniel,
from whom have descended all those of the name in this country. By the arrival
of the Rev. Mr. Selyns, in 1660, Breukelen was separated from the church of Flat-
bush. In 1665, the congregation of Amersfoort demanded to be put on an equal
footing with that of Flatbush, in respect to church service, and that Mr. Polhemus
should preach each alternate Sunday forenoon to them, for which they would pay
him four hundred guilders a year. " light money," being the same as he got from
Flatbush. The latter congregation objected to this arrangement, and persisted in
retaining the Domine at four hundred guilders per annum, " wampum currency."
This caused his Reverence to appeal to Gov. Nicolls, who decided that each church
should have equal attendance, that is, morning and evening service on alternate
Sabbaths, for which Amersfoort (now Flattlands) should pay a sum equal to what
it agreed to give the Company for tenths, and Midwout four hundred florins a year,
until her tenths would be due, when these were to be appropriated as those of Flatt-
lands. Midwout (or Flatbush) would not agree to this, and a sharp letter (June lst>
came in consequence from the Governor's secretary. This was submitted to the
congregation on the 18th, who resolved unanimously to content themselves with a
Precentor, (voorleezer,) as the congregation was still weak. On the following day
a resolution to the same effect was passed at a meeting of the constables, magls
trates and consistory of the villages of Amersfoort and Midwout, and Domine Pol-
hemus was dismissed. (Flatbush Rec.) He died 9th June. 1676, " the worthy and
beloved pastor " of the church of Brooklyn, whereby (the Records of that church
say) the congregation was " deprived of his pious instructions, godly example, and
edifying preaching, especially in the administration of the Holy Sacrament of the
Lord's Supper." — O'Callaghan's History of New Netherland, Vol. ii., 272.

OF THE State of jSTew York. \ 331

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies, and their Correspondence.

1654, I^ov. 11th.

The Classis of Amsterdam to the Ministers in ISTew N"etherland.

XXVI. 174.

Eeverend, Godly and Highly Learned Brethren, the Ministers of
the Divine Word of the Church in New ISTetherland : —

The Hon, Directors of the West India Company have requested
us to look about for a suitable person to be sent as pastor to
ISTew Xetherland. We have already given diligence to find such
a person, but objection is made to the meagreness of the salary-
for only six hundred guilders are promised. If now the salary
could be increased and brought up to twelve hundred, or even
one thousand guilders, we might hope to send a suitable person;
but no one desires to undertake such a journey on so small a
salary. There is also a certain William Vestensz, Visitor of the
Sick, in New Netherland, who has discharged the office of sexton
for four years and who has not been compensated therefor.
Worthy Brethren, we unite with him in kindly requesting you,
to be pleased so to manage that he may receive some compensa-
tion therefor.

William Vestensz also requests, since he intends to return, that
some one else be sent in his place. We are not unwilling to
look about for a substitute.

Herewith closing, we commend you, Reverend, godly and
highly learned gentlemen, to the protection of the Most High,
and pray God that he may bless your labors.

In great haste, Amsterdam, Nov. 11, 1654. In the name of
the Classis, Your obedient,

Simon Wilmirdonx,
Minister of the Gospel in Amsterdam.

(1654, Dec. 13. Robert Livingston, born at Ancram, Scot-
land.— Doc. Hist. iii. 434.)

1654

332 -' • ' Ecclesiastical Recokds

1654

Al'POIISrTMENT OF COMMISSIONERS FOR BuiLDING A ChURCH AND
PxiRSONAGE AT MiDWOUT.

A vote having been taken on the request of the commissaries of the village of
Mldwout to have a Church built there and accommodation for the minister; it was
r«solved to prepare and build in the village of Mldwout a house of about sixty or
•ixty five feet in length, twenty eight feet in width and twelve or fourteen feet
high under the crossbeams, with an extension in the rear, where a chamber may
be partitioned off for the preacher; while the divine service can for the present be
held In the front part, until we have more funds and the material necessary for a
Church has been collected. Then this building shall be used for a parsonage and
barn.

To promote this worli the Rev. Domine Megapolensis, Minister of the Gospel in
the City of New Amsterdam, Jan Snediger and Jan Strycker are hereby appointed
and authorized to make public and private contracts, as they may deem it most
useful and advantageous for the community.

Thus done etc. New Amsterdam December 17, 1654. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 310.

Acts of the Classis of x\msterdam.

Herm. Blom.
1555 1655, Jan. 4th.

Rev. Rudolphus vander Meer, Hermannus Blom, Theodore
Sas, Paul Broeckhuysen, John a Bnrem, (or Burnm), having
handed in their credentials, beg to be received, as recommended.
The credentials having been approved, and the propositions
treated by them, having been heard with pleasure, their request
is granted upon their signing the Formulae. — v. 359.

Rev. Polhemus.

Rev. Langelius informs us that he has understood that the
Rev. Polhemus has arrived in !N^ew Xetherland, and that he
(Langelius) has been requested by the wife (of Polhemus) to
assist her in obtaining his arrearages of salary; also that intel-
ligence has been received here; that the church there was seek-
ing the Directors' approbation, of the call made upon him;
meanwhile, they were already employing him.

The Assembly resolved that the Rev. Deputies assist the
wife of Rev. Polhemus, and that they also seek to obtain from
the Directors the approbation of his call, (to Long Island.) —
V. 360; xxvi. 175.

OF THE State of !N^ew Yokk. 333

William Yestiensz.

1655 — January 26.

" William Verstius, [Vestlensz.] Schoolmaster and Chorister In this city, solicited
the Council by a petition, as he had completed his service; and whereas there were
now several persons fully competent to acquit themselves in this charge, that he
might be favored with his dismission, and permitted to return to Holland in the
first ship." — Dunshee, 22.

Council Minute. Domine Polhemlus asks for pecuniary assistance. Aid asked for
building a Church at Midwout, Long Island.

Tuesday the 9th of February (1655).

Before the Board appeared Domine Polhemlus, provisional preacher in the village
of Midwout, who asked pecuniary help producing a letter from the Honorable Gen-
eral, which read as follows:

Copy. His Honor the Fiscal will please to assist and accommodate during my
absence the bearer hereof, Domine Polhemlus, In some matters required by him,
with wampum and also five or six pounds of powder. Done at New Amsterdam,
the 15th of November, 1654. Signed P. Stuyvesant.

Being asked several times, how he might be accommodated and assisted now, he
answered he would ask for no more than the Honorable Council was willing to give.
The Council replied, that he had already received considerable sums and there was
still some to be paid for his account to the merchants. He answered, that he
would be satisfied to have thirty florins In wampum now. Their Honors directed
the Receiver to give him that amount If feasible.

At the request of the Commissaries of Midwout for assistance by the inhabitants
of Breukelen and Amesfoort in cutting and hewing timber to erect a building for
the exercise of divine service, for which they received the permission by a resolu-
tion of their Honors, the Director General and Council in 1654, it was, upon the
vote being taken, resolved that after the celebration of the Lord's Supper now at
hand, a committee of the High Council shall go there with Domine Megapolensis.

Done at Amsterdam in New Nctherland, date as above. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv.
311, 312.

Council Minute. Report of Domine Megapolensis on the
Building of a Chuech in Midwout, L. I.

2nd of March (1655).

Before the Board appeared the Reverend Domine Johannes Megapolensis, minis-
ter of the Gospel in the City of New Amsterdam In New Netherland, as representa-
tive of the Inhabitants of the village of Midwout, who showed, that the people of Mid-
wout had received from their Honors, the Director General and Council, permission
to erect a meeting house and make it in quarters for the preacher and that whereas
such a work must cost a considerable sum, the people of Midwout aforesaid have
asked the inhabitants of Breukelen and Amesfoort for assistance, promising to do
the same for them under similar circumstances; that the latter pretended to be
willing to contribute to the meeting house, but said In regard to the preacher's
quarters, that if the people of Midwout desired them, they could make them them-
selves. He requested directions as to what he should do and the Honorable High
Council replied, that the resolution of the 9th of February 1655 should be carried
out.

Done at New Amsterdam in New Netherland, date as above. — Col. Docs. N. Y.
xiv. 312.

1655

334 Ecclesiastical Records

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

1655, March 8th.

Rev. Herman Langelius in the Chair. XX. 315.
The report, in the name of the Classis, of the Rev. Lange-
lius, concerning the vnie of Rev. Polhemus.

1. On account, received nothing as yet; on loan, two hundred
guilders, (florins).

2. The request for the approbation (by the Directors) of Pol-
hemus, as minister in New Netherland. Thus far, no answer;
had heard certain rumors, to judge from the Classical record,
not found to his disadvantage.

3. William Yestens, Comforter of the Sick, and Schoolmaster
at Manhattan, requests by letter, as before, an increase of salary
on account of his burdensome family.

Correspondence from America.

1655, March 18th.

Rev. John Megapolensis to the Classis of Amsterdam.

Reverendissimi Domini, Fratres in Christo, Synergi obser-
vandi : —

I feel it my duty, to answer the letter of your Reverences,
dated the 11th of November, (1654.)

We have cause to be grateful to the Lords-Directors and to
your Reverences for the care and trouble taken to procure for
the Dutch on Long Island a good clergyman, even though it
has not yet resulted in anything. Meanwhile, God has lead
Domine Joannes Polhemius from Brazil, over the Carribean
Islands, to this place. He has for the present gone to Long
Island, to a village called Midwout, which is somewhat the Medi-
tullium of the other villages, to wit, Breuckelen, Amersfoort
and Gravesend. There he has preached for the accommodation

OF THE State of !N^ew York. 335

1665

of the inhabitants on Sundays during the winter, and has ad-
ministered the sacraments, to the satisfaction of all, as Director
Stuyvesant has undoubtedly infonued the Lords-Directors.

As to William Vestiens, who has been schoolmaster and sex-
ton here, I could neither do much, nor say much, in his favor,
to the Council, because for some years past they were not satis-
fied or pleased with his services. Thereupon when he asked for
an increase of salary last year, he received the answer, that if
the service did not suit him, he might ask for his discharge.
Only lately I have been before the Council on his account, and
spoken about it, in consequence of your letter, but they told me
that he had fulfilled his duties only so-so (taliter qualiter) and
that he did little enough for his salary. Some Jews came from
Holland last summer, in order to trade. Later a few Jews came
upon the same ship as De Polheymius; they were healthy, but
poor. It would have been proper, that they should have been,
supported by their owti people, but they have been at our charge,
so that we have had to spend several hundred guilders for their
support. They came several times to my house, weeping and be-
moaning their misery. If I directed them to the Jewish mer-
chants, they said, that they would not even lend them a few sti-
vers. Some more have come from Holland this spring. They
report that still more of the same lot would follow, and then they
would build here a synagogue. This causes among the congre-
gation here a great deal of complaint and murmuring. These
people, have no other God than the unrighteous Mammon, and no
other aim than to get possession of christian proi>erty, and to
win all other merchants by drawing all trade towards themselves.
Therefore we request your Reverences to obtain from the Lords-
Directors, that these godless rascals, who are of no benefit to the
country, but look at everything for their o\\'n profit, may be sent
away from here. For as we have here Papists, Mennonites and
Lutherans among the Dutch ; also many Puritans or Independents,
and many Atheists and various other servants of Baal among the

1655

336 Ecclesiastical Records

English under this Government, who conceal themselves under
the name of Christians; it would create a still greater confusion^
if the obstinate and immovable Jews came to settle here. Closing
I commend your Reverences with your families to the protection
of God, who will bless us and all of you in the service of the di-
vine word.

Your obedient

Johan. Megapolensis.

Amsterdam in jSTew Xetherland the 18th of March, 1655.

Addressed to the Reverend, Pious and very Learned Deputies ad
res Ecclesiasticas Indicas, in the Classis of Amsterdam.

Polhemus.

1655, Mar. 22nd.

The Rev. Deputies report that they have secured for the wife
of the Rev. Polhemus assistance from the Directors of the West
India Company, to the amount of one hundred guilders, not on
salary, but as a loan. But with respect to the approbation of the
call of Rev. Polhemus, they had received answer, that that mat-
ter was not so urgent; that they had also learned something dam-
aging to him, and therefore requested the Rev. Deputies to as-
certain if aught of this had been brought before the Classis.
XXYI. 1Y7.

(Vol. xxvi. is the first of the volumes of the Correspondence;
but contains, at first, sometimes, a few items of the Acts of the
Deputies.)

Harmanus Van Hoboocken.

1655, March 23.

Whereas, William Vestiens, Chorister and Schoolmaster of this
city (New Amsterdam) has earnestly and repeatedly sought per-
mission to return to the Eatherland, his request is hereby granted.
Therefore the Honorable gentlemen of the High Council, with the
consent of the Rev. Consistory of this city, have appointed Har-
manus Van Hoboocken as Chorister and Schoolmaster of this city

Asropt, LEtnx a-:d

TILDEN FOU.-^DATIONS

OF THE State of ISTew York. 337

1655

at thirt;}' '^\e guilders per month, and one hundred guilders extra,
per year, for expenses. He promises to conduct himself diligently
and faithfully according to the instructions given, or which may
be given him hereafter.

Nicasius De Sille.

Done in Amsterdam, in 'New Netherlands, March 23, 1655.^ —
Dunshee's School, 23.

Affairs of Rev. Polhemius.

1655, March 23rd.

The Rev. Deputies report that they have secured aid for the
"wife of Rev. Polhemius so far that she has been assisted by the
Directors of the West India Company to the amount of one hun-
dred guilders, not on account of his salary, but as a loan. In re-
gard to the approval of (the call on) Rev. Polhemius, they (the
Deputies) had been answered that this matter needed no great
haste; that they had learned of something detrimental to him, and
to this end (the Directors) requested that Rev. Deputies would
inquire if anything of that nature had come to the knowledge of
the Classis. v. 367.

Polhemius.

1655, April 5th.

The wife of Rev. Polhemius makes known to the meeting, that
her husband had requested in letters, that she, with her children,
should come to him to New Netherland. Having arrived there,
he had great hope of being called to the service of a church in
that locality. She requested the advice of this Assembly as to
what she should do in the premises. Whereupon the Rev. Depu-
tati ad causas, reported that the Messrs. Directors of the West
India Company had written to the Governor asking his position,
in reference to this call. To this inquiry no answer had yet come.
Therefore this Assembly cannot yet advise her to address herself
to that journey, until further information is received. And
22

1655

338 Ecclesiastical Records

whereas, in the meantime, she and her four children are plunged
(lit. stuck fast) in the utmost poverty, it was resolved that the
Deputies shall do their utmost to obtain something for her sup-
port from the Worthy Directors. The Classis assigned for her
immediate need the sum of a hundred guilders. — v. 371; xix. 1.

Director in Holland to Stijyvesant : Jews :

26th of April 1655.
Honorable, Prudent, Pious, Dear, Faithful:

We would have lilted to agree to your wishes and request, that the new territories
should not be further invaded by people of the Jewish race, for we foresee from
such immigration the same difficulties, which you fear; but after having further
weighed and considered this matter, we observe, that it would be unreasonable and
unfair, especially because of the considerable loss, sustained by the Jews In the .
taking of Brasil and also because of the large amount of capital, which they have
invested in shares of this Company. After many consultations we have decided and
resolved upon a certain petition made by said Portuguese Jews, that they shall
have permission to sail to and trade in New Netherland and to live and remain
there, provided the poor among them shall not become a burden to the Company or
the community, but be supported by their own nation. You will govern yourself
accordingly.

The preacher Polhemus, arrived there from Brasil, has informed us by letter of
his willingness to remain in New Netherland and take charge of the congregation
at Midwout. If you think he is wanted there and the said Polhemius is found to
lead an irreproachable life, we have no objection to his becoming minister there
provisionally and until our further order at a salary already provided for by the
congregation, without becoming a burden to the Company. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv.
315, 317.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

William Vestiens.

1655, June 14th.

William Vestiens, returning home, from E'ew Netherland, and
having been a Visitor of the Sick there, asks that he may be sent
in the same capacity to the East Indies. His church credentials
having been read, his request is recommended to the Deputies ad
res Indicas. Also his request of the Messrs. Directors of the
West India Company, that he may receive some recognition for
the services of sexton, done by him for some time, (is recom-
mended.)— V. 378.

OF THE State of New Yoke. 339

Okder on a Petition of the Magistrates of Midwout and
Amesfoort for Assistance in Maintaining Their Minister.

Tuesday, 15th of June, 1655.

After reading the petition of the Magistrates of Midwout and Amesfoort showing
that for the accommodation of Domlne Polhemius, their present Minister, they had
erected a convenient dwelling and also allotted to him a parcel of land and asking
that, as they were still very poor, they might receive assistance by voluntary con-
tributions.

It was resolved to consider the petitioners' request, when the building is com-
pleted, the land fenced in and the account of expenditures for the same presented
to the Council. Date as above. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 327.

Synod of North Holland, at Edam.

1655, Aug. 17 et seq.

Art. 42. Rev. Polhemius and his wife.

Regarding Article 48, treating of Rev. Polhemius and his wife :
The Rev. Deputati relate that after many difficulties he had ar-
rived in New Netherland, and had been recommended by them
and by the Deputies of Amsterdam to the Messrs. Directors (of
the West India Company), so that, so far as they could effect it,
he be employed in the Sacred Ministry there. They had also prom-
ised to make inquiries about him, and to aid as much as possible
towards his employment. They also made known to the said Di-
rectors the distress of his wife, who is now^ at xA.mstcrdam. She
asks for the arrears of her husband's salary, but could obtain
nothing; except that one hundred guilders had been given her
by them. All the Classes also have done their part, except Haar-
lem, which remained in statu, because they had not heard about
her. Regarding the church of Moordrecht, Edam excuses itself;
Hoorn has done its share; the other Classes remain in statu.

1655

340 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

Kesolution" to Exempt the Jews from Military Service.

August 28, 1655.

The Captains and officers of the trainbands of this City having asked the Director
General and Council, whether the Jewish people, who reside in this City, should
also train and mount guard with the Citizens* bands, this was taken in considera-
tion and deliberated upon: first the disgust and unwillingness of these trainbands
to be fellow-soldiers with the aforesaid nation and to be on guard with them in
the same guard house and on the other side, that the said nation was not admitted
or counted among the citizens, as regards trainbands or common citizens' guards
neither in the illustrious City of Amsterdam nor (to our knowledge) in any city in
Netherland; but in order that the said nation may honestly be taxed for their free-
dom in that respect, it is directed by the Director General and Council, to prevent
further discontent, that the aforesaid nation shall, according to the usages of the
renowned City of Amsterdam, remain exempt from the general training and guard
duty, on condition that each male person over sixteen and under sixty years con-
tribute for the aforesaid freedom towards the relief of the general municipal taxes
sixty five stivers* every month and the military council of the citizens is hereby
authorized and charged to carry this into effect until our further orders and to
collect pursuant to the above the aforesaid contribution once in every month and
in case of refusal to collect it by legal process. Thus done in Council at Fort Am-
sterdam, on the day as above. (It was signed).

P. Stuyvesant,
Nicasius De Sille,
Cornelis Von Tienhoven.
— Col. Docs. N. Y. xll. 96.

Expulsion of Swedish Ministers from Delaware.

1655, Sept. 25.

Immediately after the surrender of Fort Christina, Stuyvesant offered, in compli-
ance with hia instructions, to restore the place to Rysingh, on honorable and fair
conditions, and made him, accordingly, a tender of the keys, but these the Swede
refused. The matter was no longer within his province, and he preferred to abide
by the capitulation. A proclamation was, thereupon. Issued, ordering all who
wished to remain in the country to take the oath of allegiance. Twenty persons
gave in their adhesion. Two out of three of the Swedish clergymen, then on the
river, were summarily expelled the country; the third was saved from similar 11!
treatment solely by intelligence that the Manhattans and adjoining settlements were
a prey to all the horrors of an Indian foray. — O'Callaghan's History of New Nether-
land, Vol. li., 289.

Eather Le Moyne AT Beverwyck.

1655, September.
Shortly after the installation of the new Vice Director [John de Decker,] Father
Le Moyne took occasion to pay his respects to the Dutch at Beverwyck. He was
received with much respect by the Hollanders; and the Mohawks whom he visited
for the purpose of concluding a treaty, on the part of the French, evinced more
than ordinary gratification at seeing him. But the Father had not well left the
country when a body of one hundred of these Indians presented themselves at Fort
Orange. They were on the eve of setting forth on a war excursion against the
Canada Indians, and fearing " that the French had poisoned the ears of their Dutch
brothers against them," now asked the latter to remain neuter. — O'Callaghan's
History of New Netherland, Vol. ii., 306.

• One stiver — Two cents.

OF THE State of New Yoek. 341

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.

1655, Oct. 11th.
For the greater security of the City of Amsterdam, there was a large voluntary
subscription and taxation. In this list, which covers five and a half pages, and
which represents, in some sense, the aliiiity of the several inhabitants, we find the
foiiowing: —

Peter Stuyvesant fl. 150.

Domlne Megapolensis, 50.

Domine Drisius, 50.

Cornelius Steenwycli, 100.

Isaac Kip, 20.

Hendrick Kip, 25.

Warner Wessels, 25.

Pieter Jacobszen Marius, 20.

The total amounted to six thousand three hundred and five florins or two thou-
sand five hundred and twenty-two dollars. — Records of New Amsterdam, 1. 366-375.

Religious Condition of New York, 1656.

" Until 1654 the ecclesiastical policy of the government of New Netherland had
not, practically, departed from that of the Fatherland, where, notwithstanding the
establishment of a National Reformed Church, we have seen that all other sects
were tolerated, and allowed the use of their several forms of worship. The West
India Company recognized the authority of the established Church of Holland over
their colonial possessions: and the specific care of the Transatlantic churches was
early entrusted, by the Synod of North Holland to the Classis of Amsterdam. By
that Body ail the colonial clergy were approved and commissioned. With its com-
mittee Ad res exteras, they maintained a constant correspondence. The Classis of
Amsterdam was, in fact, the Metropolitan of New Netherland. For more than a
century its ecclesiastical supremacy was affectionately acknowledged; and long after
the capitulation of the province to England, the power of ordination to the Min-
istry, in the American Branch of the Reformed Dutch Church, remained in the
governing Classis in Holland, or was exercised only by its special permission ".

" The clergymen commissioned by the Classis of Amsterdam were, of course, Cal-
viulsts. They were generally men of high scholarship and thoroughly theological
training; for the people, who at Leyden preferred a university to a fair, insisted
upon an educated ministry.

" The colonial clergy had much to do, and peculiar dlfiiculties to encounter. A
lax morality, produced by the system of government and the circumstances of the
province, undoubtedly prevailed among many of the New Netherland colonists. It
was difficult to administer the offices of religion to scattered farmers and Isolated
traders. It was still more difficult to teach the Word to the savages. Yet, Mega-
polensis, contemporaneously with Jogues, had attempted to Instruct the Mohawks
several years before Eliot had begun his missionary labors near Watortown aad
Dorchester. At Manhattan, too, the work was tried, but with very indllforont suc-
cess. The Dutch colonists themselves gladly listened to the Gospel which they had
heard in the Fatherland; and churches were built, partly by voluntary contributions
of the commonalties, at Manhattan, Beverwyck, and Midwout. To these churches
the country-people made toilsome journeys, to bring their children to baptism, to
hear the words of the preacher, and to join in that simple but majestic music which
they had first sung far across the sea, where the loud chorus overpowers the
diapasons of Haerlam and Amsterdam ". — Brodhead's N. Y. 1. 614-615.

" In the beginning of 1656, there were four Reformed Dutch Clergymen in New

"V-Netherland. Megapolensis and Drisius were colleagues at New Amsterdam; Schaats

Vninistered at Beverwyck; and Polhemus had the joint charge of Breuckelcn, Mid-

1655

1656

342 Ecclesiastical Records

wout and Amersfoort. Besides his regular services at New Amsterdam, Drisius
occasionally visited Staten Island, where a number of Vandois or Waldenses sooq
settled themselves; and his knowledge of the French language enabled him to preach
satisfactorily to these faithful men, who fled to Holland and to America from the
tyranny of their despotic sovereign. — Brodhead, i. GlS^v

Early in 1656, [March] Megapolensis and Drisius complained to the Director that
unqualified persons were preaching and holding conventicles at Middleburg, from
which nothing could be expected but discord, confusion, and disorder in Church
and State. Stuyvesant was himself a zealous son of the Church. He was an over
strict constructionist, and loved the display of arbitrary power. A proclamation,
assuming " to promote the glory of God, the increase of the Reformed religion, and
the peace and harmony of the Country ", soon appeared, forbidding preachers " not
having been called thereto by ecclesiastical or temporal authority ", from holding
conventicles not in harmony with the established religion as set forth by the Synod
of Dort, " and here, in this land, and in the Fatherland, and in other Reformed
Churches observed and followed ". Every unlicensed preacher who should violate
this ordinance was subjected to a penalty of one hundred pounds Flemish; and
every person who should attend such prohibited meetings became liable to a penalty
of twenty five pounds. The ordinance, however, expressly disclaimed " any preju-
dice to any patent heretofore given, any lording over the conscience, or any pro-
hibition of the reading of God's holy word, and the domestic praying and worship
of each one in his family ". — Brodhead's N. Y. i. 617.

Order o:n^ a Petition of the Clergy Against Conventicles
AND Preaching by" Unqualified Persons at Newtown, Long

INLAND.

January loth, 1656.

Present in Council their Honors, the Director General Petrus Stuyvesant, Messrs.
Nicasius de Sille and La Montague and the Fiscal Cornells van Tienhoven.

After having read the petition of the preachers of this City of Amsterdam,
hereafter following, the following order was made:

Concerning the conventicles and the assuming to teach the Gospel by unquali-
fied persons, placats shall be issued against them; as to the last, the petitioners
are requested to proceed to Middleburgh when convenient, to inquire with the
advice of the Magistrates and some of the best informed inhabitants for a person
fit to act as reader there: after which, their petition shall be taken into further
consideration. Done in Council, date as above.

P. Stuyvesant.
N. de Sille, La Montague.
To their Noble Honors, the Director General and Council of New
Copy. Netherland.

Show with due reverence the preachers in this City, that they have been in-
formed by several persons living at Middleburgh in this Province, that since the
removal and during the absence of Mr. Moore, lately preacher there, some in-
habitants of that place and unqualified persons have ventured to hold conventicles
and gatherings and assumed to teach the Gospel, from which nothing but quarrels,
confusion and disorders may be expected In Church and communalty not only in
that place, but also, by giving a bad example. In other places of this Province.

They request therefore, that some provision be made by your Honors' authority
and during Mr. Moore's absence some suitable person be appointed, who b.y reading
the Bible and some other e4ifying and orthodox work on Sunday would continue
among the Inhabitants the forms of religious worship, until your Honors should
make other provisions. Which doing etc.

Johannes Megapolensis
Samuel Drisius.
— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 336, 337.

OF THE State of Kew York. 343

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.
'New Graveyard. Board of Churchinasters appointed.

1656, January 24.

Whereas the Honorable General has had It proposed to him, that It Is highly
necessary to divide the Old Graveyard, vphich is wholly in ruins, into lots to be
built upon, and to make another Graveyard south of the Fort, and to remove the
houses standing there, on a valuation, what resolution should be taken thereupon?*

The Burgomasters and Schepens decide on the

1st. That it is highly necessary to establish a Graveyard at another suitable
place, or to put it into good order where it now is: but that it is not, at present,
advisable to throw down the houses, south of the Fort and to locate it there. But
it was considered, that it would be better, west of the Fort, in the neighborhood
of the Windmill, where there is a good hill clear of timber.

2nd. Whereas the Church in the Fort is more and more out of repair, without
anything having been done to it, and the Honorable General is at present the only
Churchmaster; if it be not advisable that a new Churchmaster be appointed and
the Honorable General discharged?

On the second was decided

That four persons be proposed by the Burgomasters to the Honorable General
and Council, to select and commission two therefrom as Churchmasters. — Records
of New Amsterdam, Vol. ii. pp. 24, 25.

Action of the Director and Council on Conventicles.

1656, Feb. 1.

The Director General and Council have been credibly informed,
that not only conventicles and meetings have been held here and
there in this Province, but also that unqualified persons presume
in such meetings to act as teachers, in interpreting and expound-
ing God's Holy Word, without ecclesiastical or secular authority.
This is contrary to the general rules, political and ecclesiastical
of our Fatherland; and besides, such gatherings lead to trouble,
heresies and schisms.

Therefore, to prevent this, the Director General and Council
strictly forbid all such public or private conventicles and meet-
ings, except the usual and authorized ones, where God's Word,
according to the Reformed and established custom, is preached
and taught in meetings held for the religious service of the Re-
formed Church, conformably to the Synod of Dort, which is to
.^ . «

* The Old Graveyard was on the West side of Broadway, a short distance north
of the present Morris Street. It covered one hundred feet square, and in 1G65, as
will appear in a later volume, It is represented as in a shamefully dilapidated
condition.

344 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

be followed here, as in the Fatherland, and in the other Eeformed
Churches of Europe ; under a fine of one hundred pounds Flemish,
($240.), to be paid by all who, in such public or private meet-
ings, except at the usual authorized gatherings on Sundays or
other days, presume to exercise, without due qualification, the
duties of a preacher, reader or chorister; and each man or woman,
married or unmarried, who is found at such a meeting, shall pay
a fine of twenty five pounds Flemish, ($60.)

The Director General and Council, however, do not hereby in-
tend to force the consciences of any, to the prejudice of formerly
given patents, or to forbid the preaching of God's Holy Word,
the use of Family Prayers, and divine services in the family ; but
only all public and private conventicles and gatherings, be they
in public or private houses, except the already mentioned usual,
and authorized religious services of the Eeformed. And that
this order may be the better observed, and nobody plead ignorance
thereof, the Director General and Council direct and charge their
Fiscal, and the inferior Magistrates and Schouts, to publish the
same everywhere in this Province, and to prosecute transgressors ;
inasmuch as we have so decreed this, for the honor of God, the
advancement of the Eeformed services, and the quiet, ' unity and
welfare of the country generally.

Thus done, etc., February 1, 1656.

ISTew Chtjech at Foet Oeange.

1656.

The church erected in 1643 had long since become inadequate to the accommoda-
tion of the community, and it had been determined in the course of the preceding
year to erect a new building. To assist this good worls, the Patroon and co-
directors subscribed, Feb. 18, one thousand guilders, or four hundred dollars, and
fffteen hundred guilders were appropriated from the fines imposed by the court
at Fort Orange. A site, at the junction of what is now State street and Broad-
way, was selected, and in the early part of the summer, Rutger Jacobsen, one of
the magistrates, laid the corner-stone of the sacred edifice, in the presence of the
authorities, both of the town and colonie, and of the assembled inhabitants, June 2.
A temporary pulpit was, at first, erected for the use of the minister, but the
settlers subscribed twenty five beavers to purchase a more splendid one in Holland.
The Chamber at Amsterdam added seventy five guilders to this sum, for " the
beavers were greatly damaged; " and " with a view to Inspire the congregation
with more ardent zeal," presented them in the course of the next year with a
bell " to adorn their newly constructed little church." — O'Callaghau's History of
New Netherland, Vol. ii., 307.

OF THE State of Xew York. 34

165G

Petition of the IIagisteates of Midwottt and Amesfoort
FOR Authority to Take up a Collection for the Support
OF Their Minister.

Tuesday, 15th of February, 1656.
Copy.
To the Noble, Very Worshipful, their Honors the Director General and High
Council of New Netherland.

Show with due respect and reverence the Magistrates of Midwout and Amesfoort
upon Long Island in New Netherland, that they have adopted a resolution for the
common welfare, as they think, to tal<e up a voluntary collection In the villages of
Breuckelen, Midwout and Amesfoort and depending places for the support of a
Minister or teacher, to which they believe many are willing to contribute; but as
they have no authority to do it without having first Informed their Noble Worships
the Council of New Netherland, the aforesaid Magistrates request hereto your
Worships' approbation and favorable order, that they may carry out their well
meant project and resolution; the Magistrates aforesaid engaging themselves to
give to your Worships or to your Worships' delegates a full and true account and
statement of the moneys received, if it is necessary and they are called upon to
do so. Which doing etc.

The Magistrates of Midwout, Amesfoort and adjacent places.

By their order

Peter Tonnenian as Secretary.

Done 8th of February 1656.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 337.

Court Minutes of I^ew Amsterdam.
Harmen van Hoboocken, Schoolmaster.

1656, February 21.

Endorsement on the petition of Harmen van Hooboocken, Schoolmaster. The
Schout having exhibited, in conformity to instructions from the Honorable Di-
rector General and Council, the request of the Schoolmaster, Harmen van
Hooboocken, in Court, they endorsed — Said Schoolmaster shall communicate to
the Burgomasters and Schepens, what he is allowed for each child per quarter,
pursuant to instructions from the General and Council, which being done, further
order shall be taken on petitioner's request. — Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. il.
p. 39.

Petition of the Magistrates of Brooklyn, that the Min-
ister OF Midwout Preach Alternately in Brooklyn.

, February 25, 1656.

To their Honors the Director General and Council of New Netherland.

Show with due reverence the Committee of the Schepens of the village of
Breuckelen and depending places, that they have learned and see, that the people
of Midwout, belonging in their, the petitioners', jurisdiction, are going about tak-
ing subscriptions or a collection for the support of the Minister in tlie said village
of Midwout; and as the Rev. Domine Johannes I'olhemius is performing the duties
of his charge only at Midwout, the inhabitants of Breuckelen and adjacent places
are disinclined to subscribe or promise anytliing for the support of a minister,
whose services they do (not) enjoy. The petitioners therefore respectfully request,
that the said Domine Johannes Polhemius ofliciate for the present alternately at

1656

346 ' Ecclesiastical Records

Midwout and Breuckelen (which he appears willing to do); then they are willing
to contribute to his support according to their means; or else that they and the
inhabitants of Breuckelen and the adjacent places may be excused from con-
tributing to the support of a Minister, whose services do not benefit them.
Awaiting your Honors' favorable decision we are and remain,

Your Honors obedient servants

Joris Dircksen,
Albert Cornelissen,
The mark X of Joresey Rapailje.

The foregoing petition having been read in Council and a vote taken thereon, It
was resolved to decide as follows:

The Director General and Council of New Netherland have no objection against
Domine Johannes Polhemius officiating alternately at both places, wind and weather
permitting.

Done in Council, date as above. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 338.

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.
Cliurchmasters.

1656, February 28.

To the Honorable Director General and Council of New Netherland residing In
Fort Amsterdam.

The Burgomasters of this City of Amsterdam respectfully represent, that the
Church requires some necessary repairs; and whereas some Churchmasters have
either left or died, therefore the Honorable Director General is requested in his
capacity, to attend to the said Church; in order, however, to relieve the Honorable
Director General of trouble, and to forward the repairs of the Church, the Burgo-
masters respectfully request, that your Honors would be pleased to appoint Church-
masters.

Endorsement.

The Heer Nicasius d' Silla and Govert Loockermans are elected for this year

Churchmasters, to enter on first of March of this year. Dated xii Feb. 1656.

Amsterdam in New Netherland. Was subscribed.

P. Stuyvesant.

By order of the Honorable Director and General and Supreme Council of New
Netherland.

Signed C. v. Ruyven, Secretary.

— Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. li, pp. 50, 51.

Council Minute. Application from the Magistrates of Mid-
wout for Assistance to Pay" Their Minister, and Answer
of the Council.

The Schepens of the village of Midwout appeared before the Council and
demonstrated, that the subscription obtained for the support of their present
Minister Domine Johannes Polhemius amounting to six hundred guilders was only
a voluntary contribution and that they could not rely upon it every year, as the
inhabitants of the said village, who had settled there only lately and were still
without means, would find it a heavy tax and burden upon themselves to con-
ti'ibute so much every year. Now as the said Domine had requested, that they
should not only pay him the arrears, but also give him henceforth a fixed salary
or else he would remove as soon as an opportunity offered, they ask for advice,
what to do and how much the Director General and Council would contribute for
the minister's support in the name of the Honorable Company.

OF THE State of New York. 347

The answer of Director General and Council is: They authorize the said
Schepens to make a contract with the said Domine Polhemius, provided that they
take care to fulfill the engagements they make and collect the means thereto from
the community, as the Company has had many and heavy expenses for years,
without receiving any assistance. Besides seven hundred guilders have already
been advanced to the said Domine Polhemius for account of the Company during
the eighteen months of his residence here and considering the present troubles and
scarcity of funds in the Company's treasury, they cannot promise or consent to
do so in the future. This may serve for their government. Date as above (March
28, 1656).— Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 345.

Council, Minute Resolution to Offer fob

Sale the House and Lot Called the Old Church, on the
East River, New Amsterdam

i April 4th, 1656.

1650

Resolved, that on Saturday, the 8th of April, the house, lot and buildings thereon
called the Old Church and formerly tenanted by Captain Newton, situate and
lying on the East River in the alley running between it and Fiscal Tlenhoven's
house, opposite the house of Sr. Hendrick Kip be sold at public auction to the
highest bidder.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 346.

Classis of Amsterdam.

1656, April 18th.

Acts of the Deputies. Rev. Heydanus in the Chair.

Rev. Langelius presented a little catechetical book, (written
by Rev. Mr. Megapolensis), for revision and printing. The Rev.
Meeting approved the reading of the book, but did not take the
indorsement of it upon themselves, but referred it to the Classis.
— XX. 353.

Catechism Book of Rev. J. Megapolensis.

1656, May 1st.

The Deputati ad causas Indicas reported, that there had come
to their hands a certain little Catechism Book, which had been
heretofore prepared and published by Rev. John Megapolensis,
minister in New Netherland, at (New) Amsterdam, and which
it is sought, to reprint. The Assembly thinks it advisable that
an effort be made to prevent this undertaking. Therefore the
Deputati ad res Indicas shall wait upon the Directors in reference
to this matter; shall write to the same effect, in a friendly man-

1656

348 Ecclesiastical Records

ner, to the Rev. Brethren in New lietherland, requesting them
to be kind enough to maintain henceforth in this, and in all other
matters that come up, good and christianlike correspondence,
such as has been customary hitherto, vi. 13 ; xix. 13.

Acts of the Deputies and their Correspondence. 1656, May 12.

The Classis of Amsterdam to Rev. Consistory in Xew Nether-
land. XX. 357-360.

May 26, 1656.

Reverend, Godly, Wise and Learned Brethren: —

For some time past we have been learning with much satisfac-
tion, through the verbal statements of many who came to us from
New Netherland, that the church there, although small, is in a
good and peaceful condition; also that the extension of Christ's
Kingdom among the blind heathen is taken to heart, although
not accompanied with that success that could be wished. -While
we give thanks to the Almighty for his grace, and commend the
zeal of the brethren, we would have preferred to learn the situa-
tion of the church from letters of your o^vn, especially in matters
of importance. But no letters from you have come to hand since
your last, under date of October 6, 1653. After the receipt of
that letter, we wrote to you in two letters, dated respectively
February 26 and November 11, 1654, what efforts had been
made by the Hon. Directors, and ^\'ith what good results. Since
then either you have not written, or else our letters did not come
to your hands. From this we conclude that the Lutherans must
have abandoned their intention of procuring a minister of their
persuasion. Our Rev. Classis, indeed, looked upon this matter
as an affair of great consequence; for the Mennonists and English
Independents, of whom there is said to be not a few there, might
have been led to undertake the same thing in their turn, and
would probably have attempted to introduce public gatherings.
In fact we are informed that even the Jews have made request
of the Hon. Governor, and have also attempted in that country

OF THE State or ISTew Yoek. 349

1656

to erect a synagogue for the exercise of their blasphemous religion.
Out of all these things, indeed, there would have arisen a very
Babel. One cannot contemplate, without great emotion of soul,
how greatly a pastor's labor would have been increased under
such circumstances, and beset with obstacles, and what difficulties
would have arisen to interfere with their good and holy efforts
for the extension of the cause of Christ. The Hon. Directors
appear to have acted in this matter in a very Christian manner.
Let us then — we here in this country and you there — employ
all diligence to frustrate all such plans, that the wolves may be
warded off from the tender lambs of Christ.

There came to hand lately a certain catechism drawm up by
Kev. John Megapolensis, with request for our approval, and that
it be prepared for printing. The Rev. Classis resolved, in con-
formity with their action of January 30, 1651, in reference to
this and like matters, that although the diligence of his Rever-
ence is to be commended, yet that it is inadvisable to permit the
printing, much more the introduction of the same for the instruc-
tion of youth. Such a course Avould war against the general
order and usacre of our church, both in this coimtrv and in distant
churches, planted by and dependent on us. In these churches
no other catechisms besides the Heidelberg and the Compendium
of the same, called the Short Inquiry, is in use in the catechetical
sermons, catechetical classes and schools.

Dear Brethren, the general Formula, the doctrines which are
good, tried, and established by long practice, to which old and
young have everywhere become accustomed, and which have been
used with much edification, should not be lightly changed. Hence
also this matter belongs to the order and laws of the jSTational
Synod, and which no Particular Synod, much less a Classis or
Consistory, may alter. We leave it to your own forecast to
decide, whether other churches, should such a practice be per-
mitted, would not likewise assume the same liberty, and not only
use other catechisms, but different ones at different times in the

350 Ecclesiastical Records

1656

same place? I^either would this liberty be limited to this one
matter of the Catechism. It would also extend to other matters,
either of a similar or of a different nature. Out of this, what
sad disputes, schisms, and all manner of confusions, would arise.
Beloved, let us ever maintain unity, not only in the doctrine of
truth, but also in the Formula of the same, as well as in those
things which pertain to Order. Thus will the unity of the spirit,
in the bond of peace, be promoted.

We wrote you on JSTovember 11, 1654, concerning the proposal
of sending a minister to Long Island. As we understand it, he
was to receive six hundred guilders salary, by voluntary contri-
butions of the inhabitants, who would bind themselves to furnish,
each one, his share. We have indeed looked about for such a
good minister, but the proposed sum of money was considered
altogether too moderate, especially since he had a pretty large
family. The Rev, Classis has therefore been unable to secure
anyone. The Rev. Brethren then requested that an effort be
made to raise the sum to twelve hundred or at least one thousand
guilders, but nothing subsequently was accomplished, so far as
we know. We have heard, however, that Rev. Mr. Polhemus has
undertaken the charge there, having come from Brazil. He lost
his charge there by reason of the sad failure of the Company.
We would like to know how this arrangement is working. Those
coming from that place, (Long Island), with whom we have con-
versed, tell us that there are not a few members of the church
there; and they also declare that his Reverence is recognized by
all as the regular minister; that he performs all the functions of
a pastor; and sometimes preaches at New Amsterdam, as well as
at Midwout, (Flatbush), and that his labors are appreciated, and
are not without fruit. We request, however, further informa-
tion about all these things.

As far as we are concerned, we have nothing against his Rev-
erence being and remaining pastor there according to (Church)
Order. The Rev. Mr. Polhemus has written to his wife that he

OF THE State of New York, 351

is inclined to remain there. He says that he can get along with
the salary, and will continue his labors there, and directs her and
the children to come over. We have not wished to dissuade her
from this journey to her husband, but have rather sought to help
her designs with the Hon. Directors. She is a very worthy
matron, and has a great desire to join her husband. She has
struggled along here in poverty and great straits, and has always
conducted herself modestly and piously.

We greatly desire, moreover, to learn how matters stand in
the church in Renselaerswyck on the south river; [this must be
a mistake in one word or the other. Either south river must
be read north river, or else New Amstel should be read in
place of Renselaerswyck] and if there be any other churches
thereabout; what schoolmasters are there, and what they are
doing ; what efforts towards the conversion of the heathen, whether
adults or children, are made, or ought to be made, or might be
made; in particular, what wants the Eev. Brethren would wish
to have supplied in the way of Catechisms and Compendiums.
Perhaps ere long, a wide door will open for the spread of the
Gospel among the heathen. To this end you and we should use
all diligence, trusting that our labor will not be in vain in the
Lord.

William Vestens, having come over to us, has, at his own

request, departed as Visitor of the Sick to the East Indies, with

the vessels which sailed in December last. Nothing else remain.-,

except our greeting and committing you to God. Signed this

26th of May, 1656, by
0 J. Heydamus.

Oasparus de Carpentier.

(Megapolensis. Polhemus.)

1656, June 13th.

Rev. Heydanus reports that he went to see the Messrs. Directors
of the West India Company, and made known to them the Reso-

1656

352 Ecclesiastical Recoeos

lution of Classis in regard to the Catechising-book of Kev. Mega-
polensis, -whicli re&olution suited them. Item: that the "wife
of Rev. Polhemus was pennitted to leave, to join her husband
on Long Island in New JSTetherland, and that aid was promised
her; and that she had received this to some extent. — xx. 357.

A letter written in the name of the Classis to the Eev. Con-
sistory in 'New IN'etherland, which will be delivered bj 'Rex.
Heydanus, and reads as follows :

See letter above dated May 26, 1656.— xx. 357-360.

DiEECTOKS TO Stuyvesant : Jews ; Lutherans ;

; . The 14th of June 1656.

Honorable, Vigorous, Pious, Dear, Faithful: We have seen and heard with dis-
pleasure, that against our orders of the 15th of February 1655, issued at the
request of the Jewish or Portuguese nation, you have forbidden them to trade to
Fort Orange and the South River; also the purchase of real estate, which is
granted to them without dilHculty here In this country; and we wish it had not-
been done and that you had obeyed our orders, which you must always execute
punctually and with more respect: Jews or Portuguese people however shall not
be employed in any public service, (to which neither are they admitted in this
city), nor allowed to have open retail shops; but they may quietly and peacefully
carry on their business as before, and exercise in all quietness their religion
within their houses, for which end they must without doubt endeavor to build
their houses close together in a convenient place on one or the other side of New
Amsterdam, — at their own choice — as they have done here.

We would also have been better pleased. If you had not published the placat
against the Lutherans, a copy of which you sent us, and committed them to
prison, for it has always been our intention, to treat them quietly and leniently.
Hereafter you will therefore not publish such or similar placats without our
knowledge, but you must pass it over quietly and let them have free religious
exercises In their houses.*

The wife of Domine Polhemius goes over in the ship " Gulden Otter"; we gave
her permission, as to all other private parties, to go there as cabin passengers, the
Company paying the fare for her and her children on condition, that the amount
shall be deducted from the salary earned by her husband in Brazil. — Col. Docs.
N. Y. xiv. 350, 351, 352. •

* This paragraph is also in the volumes of Classis of Amsterdam, Vol xx, 372-3.
It is found in many histories pertaining to New York, under several different
translations.

OF THK State of Xew York. 353

Papers Regarding the Dispute Between the Director-Gen-
eral. AND the PaTROON OF PeNSSELAERSWYCK AS TO THE PRIVI-
LEGES OF THE Latter,

1656, June 20.

Remonstrance made by Jean Baptist van Rensselaer, Director of the Colony of
Rensselaerswyck situate on the North River of New Netherland, to his Noble
Honor, General Petrus Stuyvesant and the High Council of New Netherland.

1656

As to the orders received by your Honors in regard to the tenths (tithes, for
Church support) from the bouweries in our Colony, that is altogether contrary to
the privileges, declared legal by the Honorable Company and the Assembly of the
xix, and also of the 6th Article of high and low jurisdiction. — Col. Docs. N. Y.
xiv. 355, 356.

Action on Van Rensselaer's Remonstrance, so far as tithes are concerned.

The remonstrance made by Jan Baptist van Rensselaer, who calles himself Di-
rector of the Colony of Rensselaerswyck on the North River of New Netherland,
to their Honors, General Petrus Stuyvesant and the Council of New Netherland,
was received and read.

Upon this we answer in the first place, that the Director General and Council
have no knowledge of his appointment as Director of the Colony etc., of which
nevertheless they ought to have been informed pursuant to the 9th and 28th
articles of the exemptions.

Inasmuch, however, as the remonstrant at the end of his protest shows the
burdens to be borne by the Patroons in supporting their servants and officers, in
which we suppose the officers of the Church are included, for whom apparently
the tithes are ordered to be gathered and set aside in the old testament, the
Director and Council provisionally and until further order consent In this point
to the prayer of the remonstrant so far, that this question of the tithes shall once
more be referred to our superiors in the Fatherland: save that an agreement be
made with him in regard to the tithes demanded for this year, principally in order
to meet possible exceptions made by others and if our superiors in the Fatherland
or arbitrators appointed by them decide, that neither the Colony of Rensselaers-
wyck nor any of its bouweries Is subject to tithing, then the Director General
and Council engage to refund the sums agreed upon as tithes. 1656, June 27. —
Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 359. See 435.

Order in Favor of the Waldenses.

165G, June 30.

Burgomasters and Regents of Amsterdam, hereby authorize the
Commissioners of the Exchange Bank in the said city, to give
and pay to Mr. John van Berckel, Receiver-General of Holland
and West Friesland, the sum of seventeen thousand, five hundred
and sixty six guilders, eleven stivers and eight pence, say
fl. 17,566 :11 :8, which sum, on producing receipt therefor, shall
be allowed said Commissioners in rendering their account of the
moneys collected within this city for and on the behalf of the Wal-
denses. Done the 30th June, 1656.— Col. Docs. K Y. i. 618.
23

1656

354 Ecclesiastical Records

Waldenses and Huguenots emigrate to the South River, 1656-
1663. Population, 1664.

In 1656 and 1663 a large body of Waldenses and other colonists, with some
orphans, were sent to the South River by the City of Amsterdam; and a consider-
able number of Huguenots, originally from Rochelle, arrived in the country in the
course of the latter year, in addition to those who, for similar reasons, had already
emigrated from Savoy and settled on Staten Island.

From these and natural causes the population of the province quintupled in
seventeen years. At the commencement of Stuyvesant's administration, the num-
ber of persons capable of bearing arms is stated to have been between two hun-
dred and fifty and three hundred, in and around the capital. Including Rensselaers-
wyck, this would give a population of two thousand souls. In 1664, the number
is estimated at " full ten thousand." New Amsterdam contained, in 1656, when
first surveyed by Capt. de Koninck, one hundred and twenty houses, and one
thousand souls. The former increased In 1660, when a map of the capital was
made, to over three hundred and fifty, whilst the population augmented, in 1664,
to fifteen hundred. Of these, not quite two hundred and fifty were male adults;
the balance, between twelve and thirteen hundred, consisted of women, and chil-
dren below eighteen years of age. — O'Callaghan's History of New Netherland, Vol.
ii., 540.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

1656, July 10th.
Rev. Mr. Schoonhovius in the Chair.

Since it is understood that the Lutherans have again requested
of the Directors here the privilege of the puhlic exercise of their
religion in New ISTetherland, in conformity with the custom in this
country; and since this has heen granted to them there, as well
as to all other sects, even' as it is in this country; therefore the
Rev. Meeting has resolved to make this fact known to the Rev.
Classis. — XX. 361.

Lutheran Worship in New Netherland.

1656, Aug. 7th.

The Deputati ad res Indicas made known to the Rev. Classis
that they had learned that the Directors of the West India Com-
pany had given consent to the public exercise of the Lutheran
Religion (worship) in New Netherland. The Rev. Classis is
grieved thereat, and finds it necessary at the earliest opportunity,
even this very day, to wait upon the Directors in regard to this
matter. Having learned from them the exact (entire) situation

OF THE State of Xew Yokk. 355

of affairs they will take such, further action to-morrow as the
case may demand. — vi. 20; xix. 14.

Lutheran Worship in New Netherland.

1656, Aug. 8th.

As regards the permission of public Lutheran Worship in New
Netherland, the Brethren the committee ad causas Indicas report,
that they had spoken thereupon with some of the Directors. They
said that they knew not of any such complete toleration of the
Lutherans there, but neither did they know what more there might
be of such designs. The Kev. Classis finds it advisable and re-
solves that this matter be more carefully watched and inquired
into, and, if possible prevented, vi. 25, 26. — xix. 15.

Court ^Mixutes of New Amsterdam. — The Old Church Lot.

1656, August 15.

Pleter Jacobsen Marius appears in Court requesting that the Bailiff be authorized
to levy execution on the judgement against Jacob van Couwenhoven, inasmuch as
he, otherwise knows not when he shall obtain his own. Whereupon, J. v. Couwen-
hoven being called into Court, appearing requested, as he was an old Burgher, that
execution may not yet be proceeded with; saying that he had already given the
deed of his house and lot on the Strand* to the Bailiff to be sold, as security.

Synod of North Holland, at Alckmaee. ' ~ ^

1656, Aug. 15 et seq.
Article 32.

Preachers recently ordained for the service of the Churches in
the East Indie&r

In New Netherland the ministers are as follows :* At New
Amsterdam, Eev. John Megapolensis, Kev. Samuel Drisius; At

Rensselaerswyck, Eev. Gideon Schaats.

I — ..^ ^ _____^

• This was first known as the " Old Churoh Lot ", — a wooden ohtirch having been
built on it as early as 16,33. It was situate on the North side of the present Pearl
St., about sixty or eighty feet East of WliitdiMll. The lot together with the old
Church having been purchased by .Tacoli AN'oliiliciiscn van Couwenhoven April 8,
1656, was confirmed to him by patent of J\nic 'Mk s;ime year, and pursuant to the
order in this case again sold, Isaac de Foreest becoming the purchaser September
8, 1656. The latter, having built on the lot a house, " which Is an ornament to the
City," obtained in 1664 the grant of the lane adjoining to build a woodshed etc.
Calendar of Dutch MSS., p. :».'{; Valentine, Manual, 1861, p. 589. It subsequently
became the property of Allard Anthony. — Records of New Amsterdam, VoL 11.
pp. 153, 154.

• It will be noticed that the name of Rev. J. T. Polhemus is not mentioned, al-
though he had been officiating on Long Island for two years, but only In an In-
formal way.

1656

356 Ecclesiastical Records

Dbaft of Conditions Offered by City of Amsterdam to
Emigrants, to the South (Delaware) River.

1656.

As to Religion:

* * *

7. Said City (of Amsterdam) shall cause to be erected about the Market or in a
more convenient place, a public building suitable for Divine service; item, also a
house for a School which can liiiCwise be occupied by the person who will hereafter
be Sexton, Psalmsetter and Schoolmaster; the City shall, besides, have a house
built for the Minister.

8. The City aforesaid shall provisionally provide and pay the salary of a Minister
and Schoolmaster, unless their High Mightinesses or the Company think otherwise.

— Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 620.

Conditions Offered by the City of Amsterdam to Settlers
ON the Delaware River.

1656, Aug. 12.

7. The City of Amsterdam shall send thither a proper person for Schoolmaster,
who shall also read the Holy Scriptures and set the Psalms.

8. The City of Amsterdam shall provisionally and until further opportunity pro-
yide the salary of said Schoolmaster. — Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 631.

1656, August 2/12.

Resolution of the States General on these conditions. To be investigated. — Col.
Docs. N. Y. i. GS'l,

165G, August 6/16.

Report of the Committee of the States General on the same. — Col. Docs. N. Y. i.
636-7.

Their High Mightinesses have thanked the Committee for the trouble they have
taken, confirmed the report and ratified the agreement entered into respecting the
population. But when there are two hundred families or thereabouts, a preacher
and consistory shall be installed without any expense to the Company (generaliteit).

— Col. Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 637.

Ratification of Report by the States General,

1656, Aug. 16.

Which being considered, their High Mightinesses have thanked the Gentlemen of
the Committee for the trouble they have taken, and it is further Resolved and con-
cluded, hereby to approve and ratify the aforesaid agreement or conditions entered
into by the abovementioned Chamber with the Burgomasters of Amsterdam, all
nevertheless saving and without prejudice to the right, jurisdiction and possession
of the Colonies heretofore given out in the aforesaid countries and of the property
purchased in said district; with this understanding also, tliat whensoever there
«hall be in that place two hundred families or thereabouts, a preacher and con-
sistory shall be Installed there without any expense to the Company. And all this
saving also the division of the districts which may be made among the respective
Chambers. It is hereby recommended to the aforesaid Chamber at Amsterdam so
to moderate the public duties that the population there may be encouraged, aud not
obstructed.— Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 637.

OF THE State of Xew York. 357

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

New Netherland.

1656, Oct. 3rd.

In the matter of the Lutheran meeting in New Netherland, it
was reported in the Rev. Classis, that there was reason to appre-
hend that there, as well as in all the colonies pnblic worship bj
Lutherans would be permitted ; and whereas it haS' been deter-
mined to establish other rules and regulations, in which the Wor-
shipful Magistracy of Amsterdam shall have a hand ; that some
of the Noble Mightinesses (Officially of Amsterdam) together
with some Directors of the West India Company were delegated
for the particular purpose, that all sorts of persuasions might be
permitted to exercise their special forms of worship; The Kev.
Classis is grieved to learn of such a circumstance, and finds it
highly necessary to give careful heed to this matter. Therefore
the Directors and their Noble Mightinesses (the Officials of Am-
sterdam), and especially their committee on this subject, shall be
waited on, and the injuriousness of this general permission of all
sorts of persuasions shall be earnestly deprecated, stating that first
of all, and above all, the Church and the glory of God should be
cared for, etc. This matter remains recommended to the Deputies
ad causas Indicas. vi. 33 ; xix. 25.

Eesolution of the States General on Mr. van der Capelle's

Petition.

Wednesday, the 4th October, 1656.

Read at tlie meotinR a certain Remonstrance of J. Hendrlck van der Capelle to
Ryssel, Lord of Essel and Hasselt, Bnrgomaster of the City of Zutphen, Ordinary
Deputy in their High Mightinesses' Assembly, requesting that a Commission be
issued for a proper person of the Reformed Religion, which he would send as Com-
mander to his people of Staten Island in New Netherland, as was granted last year,
1655, to Messrs. Adriaen and Cornells Lampsins for the Island of Tobago and St.
Martin. Which being considered, it is resolved and concluded to refer the petition
aforesaid to the Directors of the West India Company here, for advice.

1666

1656

358 Ecc'i.F.siA.STiCAL Records

Resolution of the Assembly of the XIX. on Mr. van der Capelle's Petition. — Ex-
tract from the resolutions of the Committee of the respective Chamljers of the
Incorporated West India Company, representing the Assembly of the XIX.,
holden at the Hague.

Thursday, the 5th of October, 1656.
Read at the meeting a certain petition presented by Mr. Hendrick van der Capelle
thro Ryssel, Lord, etc., to their High Mightinesses, together with their High Mighti-
nesses' postll thereon, dated 4th of October, 1656, that the Directors in attendance,
from the respective Chambers representing the Assembly of the XIX., may furnish
their advice on the said opinion presented as above.

It is resolved and concluded, that the petition concerns exclusively the Chamber
of Amsterdam with which the said gentlemen hath specially contracted; that the
Directors of said Chamber in attendance are earnestly requested, as well out of
respect for the case as for his Honor, to bring this petition before the Chamber of
Amsterdam, and to second and recommend it, in the most favorable manner, which,
also, they have undertaken to do on the earliest opportunity. Agrees with the

(Signed) L. van Seventer, 16.36.

— Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 640.

Resolution of the States General.

Thursday, the 5th of October, 1656.
Read at the meeting a certain Resolution of the attending Committee of the
Directors of the West India Company representing the Assembly of the Nineteen
of this day's date, in substance that Mr. Van der Capelle to Ryssei's remonstrance
presented yesterday, to obtain a Commission for a Commander to be sent by him
to his people of Staten Island in New Netheland concerning exclusively the Chamber
of Amsterdam, with which that Gentleman had specially contracted, and conse-
quently they the Directors in attendance had earnestly requested said Chamber to
bring, out of respect for the case and his Honor's person, the petition before said
Chamber of Amsterdam and to recommend it most favorably; which they have
undertaken to do at the earliest opportunity. Whereupon no resolution is adopted.
— Col. Docs. N. Y. i. 641.

Court Minutes of I^ew Amsterdam.

Repairs of the Church.

1656, October 9.

Evert Duycking requests by petition to be informed, from whom he is to receive
payment for the glass, which he put In the Church for Schout, Burgomasters and
Schepens, demanding two and a half beavers for each. Whereupon the Court
decides, that petitioner shall go to each one, for whom the glass was, for his
payment either in trade or as he can agree for the same. — Records of New
Amsterdam, Vol. ii. p. 183.

Petition of the Lutherans to the Governor and Council,
TO BE Permitted to Enjoy Their Own Public Worshir,
Oct. 24, 1656.

To the ]^oble, Very Worshipful, the Honorable Director-General
and High Council of Kew Netherland:
"We the united adherents of the Unaltered Augsburg Confession

residing here in ISTew Netherland, with all respect, do show, that

OF THE State of jSTew York. 359

"we have obediently acted upon your Honors prohibitive order,
published by edict, and have not gathered anywhere to hold divine
services with reading and singing- ; nevertheless our friends in the
Fatherland, acting in our behalf, have petitioned the jSToble, Hon-
orable Lords Directors of the West India Company, our Patroons,
in reference to this matter. Upon their petition, they have ob-
tained from their Lordships, as they report to us, in a full meet-
ing, a resolution and decree that the doctrines of the Unaltered
Augsburg Confession should be tolerated in the West Indies and
TvTew ISTetherland under their jurisdiction, in the same manner
as in the Fatherland under its praiseworthy government.

We turn therefore to your Xoble Honors, your Worships, know-
ing us to be humble and obedient subjects, and pray, that hence-
forth we may not be hindered in our services. These with God's
blessing we intend to celebrate, with prayer, reading and singing,
until, as we hope and expect, a qualified person shall come next
spring from the Fatherland to be our minister and teacher, and
remain here as such. We are your Honors humble and faithful
subjects, who await your favorable answer.

Amsterdam in 'New ISTetherland
this 24th of October 1G5G.

Another translation in O'Callaghan, ii. 320.

After the question had been considered the followmg answer
was made:

This will be sent to tlie Lords Directors of the Privileged West
India Coiiii)any by the first ships, and llioir further orders' re-
quested. Meanwhile the Director-General and Council persist in
the above mentioned order and placat, issued and several times
renewed, against conventicles and public gatherings, except those
for the divine service of the here prevailing Reformed Church.
ISTeithcr the petitioners nor anybody else shall meanwhile suffer
for this belief, nor be prevented each in his family, from reading
prayers, thanksgivings and singing according to their faith.

1656

360 Ecclesiastical Records

Done at the meeting of the Director-General and Council, held
at Fort Amsterdam in New ISTetherland, the 24th of October 1656.

After comparison with the original petition and the order

thereon, this has been fonnd to agi'ee therewith.

Cornelius van Ruyven, Secretary.

8/8 1657.
Lutherans in Xew Netherland.

1656, mv. 7th.

The same Revs. Deputies did also report concerning their er-
rand and business with the Messrs. Directors of the West India
Company, as well as with the gentlemen appointed a committee
on behalf of the city of Amsterdam ; that having wished them
God's blessing in reference to this affair, they had spoken to them
about the Lutherans and others in New IsTetherland ; but from
all the circumstances, they could only learn that this affair is
still unsettled, and the settlement a good way off ; (lit. raw and far
to be sought.) That nothing may be neglected (wasted) in this
matter, the Rev. Brethren, the Deputies are enjoined to be vigi-
lant in every particular, vi. 39.

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.

Harmen van Hoboocken. Rent Allowed for a School.

1656, November 7, [or Sept. 7?]

To the Honorable Lords Burgomasters and Schepens of the City of New Amster-
dam. Harmen van Hoboken, Schoolmaster of this City, respectfully requests that
your Honours would be pleased to grant him the hall and the side room for the
use of the school and as a dwelling, Inasmuch as he, the petitioner, does not know
how to manage for the proper accommodation of the children during winter, for
they much require a place adapted for fire and to be warmed, for which their
present tenement is wholly unfit. He, the petitioner, burthened with a wife and
children is greatly in need of a dwelling for them; and his wife is expected from
hour to hour to be confined, so that he anticipates great inconvenience, not know-
ing how to manage for the accommodation of the school children; and if your
Honors cannot find any, he, the petitioner, requests your Honors to be pleased to
allow him the rent of the back room which Geurt Coerten at present occupies,
which he, petitioner, would freely accept for the present, as he is unable to pay
so heavy a rent as a whole house amounts to. He therefore applies to your
Honours, expecting hereupon your Honors favorable endorsement. Was subscribed.

Your Honors Servant,

Harm: van Hoboken.*

• There is a place in the southwestern part of Holland called Hoboocken, and a
large Dutch family called by the name of Van Hoboocken. The name of this school-

OF THE State of ISTew York. 361

Dated 4 Nov. 1656.
Endorsement.

Whereas the City Hall of this City, the hall and little room whereof the peti-
tioner now requests for a school and dwelling, are not at present in repair, and
are, moreover, required for other purposes the same cannot be allowed him; but
in order that the youth, who are here quite ntimerous, may have the means of
instruction as far as possible and as the circumstances of the City permit, the
petitioner, for want of other lodgings, is allowed to rent the said house for a
school, for which one hundred guilders shall be paid him yearly on a/c of the City
for the present and until further order. Done in Court this 4th November 1656.
At Amsterdam in New Netherland.

Allard Anthony,
Oloff Stevenseu,
Jacob Strycker,
J. Vinje,
Will. Beeckman,
Hendrick Kip.
— Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. ii. pp. 219, 220. Abridged in Dunshee, 26.

Sentence of William Hallett, of Flushing, for Allowing

Baptist Conventicles in His House ; and of William

Wickendam for Officiating as Minister of the Gospel

AT Flushing.

[Nov. 8, 11; 1656.]

Whereas William Hallett, born in Dorsetshire, in England, about forty years old,
a resident of the village of Flushing, and now a prisoner, has had the audacity to
call and allow to be called conventicles and gatherings at his house, and to permit
there, in contemptuous disobedience of published and several times renewed placats
of the Director General and Council of New Netherland, an exegesis and inter-
pretation of God's Holy Word, as he confesses; the administration and service of
the sacraments by one William Wickendam, while the latter, as he ought to have
known, had neither by ecclesiastical nor secular authority been called or appointed
thereto; and whereas he with several others has been present at and listened to
this exegesis and interpretation and after hearing it has with others from the
hands of the said William Wickendam received the bread in the form and manner,
in which the sacrament of the Lord's Supper is usually celebrated and given; all
of which is in direct contradiction with the general political and ecclesiastical
rules of our Fatherland, and especially contrary to the said placats of the Di-
rector General and Council, which he as Schout in the aforesaid village was bound
to uphold and strictly enforce; which, however, he has not only failed to do, but
himself has trangressed and disobeyed.

Therefore the Director General and Council of the New Netherlands, in pur-
suance of the tenor of the said placats, first dismiss the said William Hallett from
his office as Schout in the said village of Vllssingen; and furthermore condemn him
to a double fine, to wit, fifty pounds Flemish, because being Schout and executive
officer, he should have prevented these proceedings and enforced the placats of the
Director General and Council; ho Is also banished from this Province of New
Netherland, and shall be detained In prison, until the said fine with the costs and
mises of law incurred in this case have been paid.

master naturally suggests the thought that the city of Hobokeu, N. J., obtained Its
name from him. But Winfield, in his history of Hudson County, N. J., claims for
It an Indian origin, especially since the deed to Michael Pauw, dated as earl.v as
July 12, 16;^0, for I'avonla describes the land as that which is called Hobocan-Hack-
ingh, and says Hobocan means a tobacco-pipe. — Winfield, 13-15.

1656

362 Ecclesiastical Records

Thus decreed and sentenced in Council of Director General and Council at Fort
Amsterdam in New Nettierland tlie 8th of November 1656.

Whereas William Wicliendam, a native of Oxfordshire In England, forty two
years old, now a prisoner, has had the audacity to call to and hold conventicles
and gatherings; and in disobedience of published and repeatedly renewed placats
of the Director General and Council of New Netherland has, as he himself con-
fesses, usurped the office of Minister of the Gospel in expounding and interpreting
God's Holy Word and administering and officiating in the Sacraments of Baptism
and the Lord's Supper, without being called or appointed thereto by any ecclesi-
astical rules of our Fatherland; and especially to the said placats of the Director
General and Council, expressly forbidding all such conventicles and gatherings,
public or private, except the usual meetings, which are not only lawfully permitted,
but also based upon God's Word and ordered for the service of God, if they are
held, conform to the Synod of Dort here, in our Fatherland and in other Churches
of the Reformed Faith in Europe.

Therefore the said William Wickendam, in pursuance of the said placats, is
condemned to a fine of one hundred pounds Flemish and is banished from this
Province of New Netherland; but to remain in prison, until the said fine with the
costs and mises of law, incurred in his case, shall have been paid.

Thus decreed and sentenced in Council, etc., the 8th of November 1656.

Whereas the Director General and Council have been credibly informed and told,
that the aforesaid William Wickendam is a very poor man with a wife and several
children, and a cobbler by trade, to which he does not properly attend, so that
nothing can be obtained from him.

Therefore the Director General and Council have remitted the aforesaid fine of
six hundred florins and allowed him to remove, on condition, that if he is caught
here again, he must pay it.

November 11th, 1656.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 369, 370.

Letter from Domine Polhemius to Director Stuyvesant ;
Complaining that His House is Kot Inhabitable.

Noble Sir, Honorable General in New Netherland.

1 am compelled to respectfully complain to your honor, that I must see the
planks, given by your honor out of compassion and presented to the community
here to finish my house against this cold winter, being taken and lost this way
or that; for instance two M-ere lost on the way here by having been left on the
beach in nobody's care: after having been brought into the village without my
knowledge, twenty four were delivered to Jan Eversen Meyer; six were put down
at the Church for benches; of the balance sixty nine were taken away with the
consent of Jan Snedicker and Jan Strycker; seventeen carried to Thomas Swart-
wout and his brother Aldert Swartwout to dry malt; so that my house remains
open as it was and I with my wife and children must live and sleep on the bare
ground and in the cold. They say, there is no carpenter here, that I should
procure one to have the work done. In order not to make my situation worse by
keeping silence, I write this to your Honor.

In haste.

Your Honor's obedient servant,

Joh. Th. Polheym.

Midwout, the 14th of December 1656.

To his Honor, General P. Stuy vesant, at New Amsterdam. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv.
370, 371.

OF THE State of Xew York. 3C»o

Extract from a Letter of the Directors to Stuyvesaxt :
Settlers to Dwell in Villages ; Delegations to New Eng-
land; Tenths; Eensselaerswyck; Revenues; Fkenchmen
Among the Indians.

1656

The report made to you there, that some Frenchmen with a Jesuit from Canada
have come into the country of the aforesaid Seunequons, and began to malse a
settlement there, was not agreeable news lo us, for it can only be to the disad-
vantage of our Province and the inhabitants. However we have not as yet deemed
It advisable to come to a final resolution in this matter, as being premature and
the matter perhaps of small consequence only, until we are better informed about
It; we desire you to make a close investigation and report the result of it to us.
while you must take care and make arrangements for the security of Fort Orange,
that no mishap befall us there.

We should have sent you, as requested by the inhabitants of Fort Orange and
Beverwyck, the little bell for their new church; also two others for the villages
of Hempstead and Midwout, but as they could not be found ready made and the
time for making them is too short, you will have to wait till the spring.

December 19, 1656.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 371, 374.

Letter from Dir. Stuyvesant to the Magistrates of Mid-
wout About the Minister's House.

Honorable, Dear, Faithful. When la.st with you in Breuckelen at the house of
Albert Cornelissen it was agreed in parting, by mutual consent and approbation of
yourselves and the other delegates from the villages of Breuckelen and Amesfoort.
that you should together make an estimate of the funds, out of which the preacher.
Domine Polheym, was to be paid and placed above want and report it to us and
the Council within eight days. As this time has passed and we are not yet in
formed of the result, we have deemed it necessary to remind you of it through thi'
Schout and this open letter, that you fulfill your promise; else we shall lie com-
pelled by our official position and duties to take steps and give such orders and
provide for such means, that the Minister be duly paid and placed above want.
The said Domine I'olheym, who was tlien present, complained further of the un-
inhabitable state and inconvenience of his dwelling house, which has as yet neither
ceiling or waliiscotting, so that he and his family are compelled to sleep on the
floor. The winter being imminent, this la unlieaiable and improper, and in order
to remedy It we sent you for the ceiling and walnscottlng of the house one hun-
dred hemlock planks, which parties deputed by you received and carried to my
brother's-in-law Backer's house. I am however credlltly Informed now, that the
said boards have not been used for the purpose Intended by us, but that the Com
missaries dispose of thf>m privately according to tlieir pleasure; for Instance, so
I am told, twenty four have been given to the hired man of Jan Evertsen; six
ordered to be cut. up for benches, seventeen given by Jan Snedicker to the Swart
wouts, so that the boards dlsni)pear here and there, while nothing whatever is
done to finish the Minister's house, which is most urgent to do, the winter being
80 near at hand. We command therefore lierewlth, that the Ijoards be brought
together again upon receipt hereof, and put to tlieir proper use and to no other.

364 Ecclesiastical Records

as we have ordered. If you fail herein, we shall take proper measures: where-
upon relying, we commend you all with the usual greetings to God's protection,
and remain,

P. Stuyvesant.

Done at Amsterdam in New Netherland the 21st of December, 1656.— Col. Docs.
N. Y. sir. 376. i . . i

Petition of Domine Polhemius for an Advance of His Salary
TO Enable Him to Pay for a Parcel of Land.

To their Noble Honors, Petrus Stuyvesant, Director General and Council of New
Netherland: Shows with due reverence Johannes Theod. Polheym, preacher, that
he, the petitioner, has some time ago bought from Cornells Aerssen a parcel of
land lying in the village of Midwout, to better provide thereby for himself and his
family, hoping, when the time for payment came, to be in a condition to pay for
it: but as the petitioner has been disappointed in this hope, because his salary is
not paid as he expected, and as a payment of one hundred florins has become
due, the petitioner finds himself compelled, nay, forced to turn respectfully to your
Honors and to request, that your Honors will be pleased to pay for his account,
debiting the same for it, so much to Cornells Aerssen. Awaiting a favorable
decision he commends your Honors to God's protection and remain.

Your Honors servant.

Job. Th. Polheym.

December 21st, 1656.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 377.

Journal. — Of Brian ISTuton, Capt. Lieutenant ; Cornelis

VAN RUYVEN SeCRETAEY AND CaREL VAN BrUGGE CoMMISSARY,

Appointed by the Heer Director-General Stuy^vesant to
GO IN A Boat a Second Time to Oost-Dorp.

; Anno 1656, 29th December.

Having received our instructions from the Heer General we rowed out with the
boat of the Honorable Company's ship from before Fort Amsterdam on the 30
ditto, about seven o'clock in the morning to proceed on our Journey to Oostdorp,
accompanied by Claes Bordingh as pilot, as the Company's Skipper was never
through Hell-gate, and the Skipper of the Company's bark and a sailor to row us
thither.

On our arrival at John Lords we communicated to him the object of our Journey,
and requested him to have the Inhabitants summoned in the morning at daylight
by an Indian. He answered us — 'Tis our Sabbath morning; the Inhabitants will
not come. We asked him to learn the opinions of the principal settlers at once,
as we could explain our business in half an hour, without hindering their service.
Which he proceeded to do. But brought us for answer, No — that they were Id
no way so inclined. Although we would fain reach home by Sunday noon, we were
obliged to remain there until Monday, as they would not be prevailed on to
assemble on Sunday.

31st ditto. Sunday.

Went to examine the village somewhat. It is a very stony place, thickly covered
with trees. At noon were Invited to dine at Mr. Newmans. After dinner Corneljs
Tan Ruyven went to the house where they assemble on Sundays, to observe their
mode of worship, as they have not as yet any clergyman. There I found a gather-

OF THE State of I^ew York.

365

ing of about fifteen men ten or twelve women. Mr. Baly made a prayer, which
being concluded, one Robbert Basset read a sermon from a printed Book composed
and published by an English Minister in England. After the reading Mr. Baly
made another prayer and they sung a Psalm and separated. In the evening we
were invited to supper to Robbert Basset's, and having talien our leave we went
to sleep at John Lord's house: neither he nor any of the members of his family
came home this night, which much surprised us. — Doc. Hist. N. Y. iii. 557, 558.

1656

This first January Anno 1657: In east towne in the New Netherlands.

Wee hose hands are under writen do promes to oune the governor of the manatas
as our governor and obay all his magastrates and lawes that are made acordin to
god so long as we live in his Jurisdiction.

Robbert Basset

his
George X Reith

mark
John Finch
John Wilson
Richard Horton
Thomas Taylor

His
Hendrick X Cornelyssen

mark
Thamis Martin

Nick Lookerly
John Quimble
Josiah Gilber
Obodiah Gilbert
Jonathan Llockwood

his
Robert X Meacker
mark
his
Jeffrey X Fferris
mark
— Doc. Hist. N. Y. iii. 559.

Petition of the Magistrates of Midwout for Power to
Make an Assessment to Pay Their Minister, to Farm the
Excise, etc., and Order Thereon.

To their Noble Honors, Director General Petrus Stuyvesant and the Council of
New Netherland. Show with great humility and due respect the delegated Schepens
of the jurisdiction of Midwout, that pursuant to the resolution, adopted by the
Honorable Director General Petrus Stuyvesant after consultation with and with
the assent of the Courts of Brouckelen, Midwout and Amesfoort on the 29th of
December 1G5G last past, the inhabitants of Midwout were to contribute to tlie
yearly salary, promised to the Reverend pastor, Domine J. Theodorus I'olhemius,
four hundred florins, those of Breuckelen three hundred Uorius and Amesfoort a
like sum of three hundred florins. That after several meetings, they could find no
other way, than to impose upon each lot and parcel of land, of which there are
about forty in Midwout, a tax of ten Ilorins yearly is proportioned. This tax of
ten florins yearly for every lot proportionally would make up the sum of four
hundred florins, which we of the Court of Midwout have promised in presence of
the Honorable Director General to contribute to the yearly pay of the said Domine
Polhomius. But as every one of the Inhabitants and neighbors has not the same
amount of property, one having less, the other more, we must and cannot tax all
alike, but each in proportion to his property and real estate. If wo receive your
Honors' approbation to such a cotizatlon and tax up to four hundred florins for
the yearly pay of the said Domine Polhemius, we promise to levy it directly and
continue in it, each according to his ability and to make the assessment con-
scientiously, provided we are supported by your Honors against unwilling parties,
which we hope will not make any opposition. We promise also, to take oare and
pay attention, that at the expiration of each six months the salary then due shall
be paid to Domine Polhemius and we think, that the said Domine Polhemius might
be satisfied with it.

January 13, 1G57.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 379, 3S0.

1657

366 Ecclesiastical Kecords

Petition of the Magistrates of Amesfoort, Praying Con-
firmation OF AN Assessment for the Minister's Salary;
Granted.

[Jan. 13, 1657.]

To their Noble Honors, Petrus Stuyvesant, Director General and the Council of
New Netherland: Show respectfully and with due reverence, the delegated Schepens
of the Tillage of Amesfoort, as well in their official capacity as individually, that
pursuant to the resolution, adopted in the presence of the Honorable Director Gen-
eral, Petrus Stuyvesant, on the 29th of December 1656, last past, after conferring
with, and with the consent of, the Courts of Breuckelen, Midwout and Amesfoort,
we considered it determined, that we of the jurisdiction of the said village of
Amesfoort should in proportion to our neighbors of the villages and jurisdictions
of Breuckelen and Midwout find and raise as our quota of the annual salary and
pay promised to the Reverend preacher Domine J. Theodorus Polhemius the sum
of three hundred guilders. After several considerations and deliberations, con-
ferring also with the congregation and inhabitants, under correction, we have, in
order to raise the aforesaid three hundred florins in the easiest way, appraised
and assessed the property of each person conscientiously and to the best of our
knowledge and made the cotisation and taxlevy, here below given in detail, which
with what some parties from Gravesend have voluntarily promised to contribute,
will make up the sum of three hundred florins. When we shall have received your
Honors' approbation we promise to carry it out, hoping for your Honors" assistance
against a few, say two or three, evil minded persons, who might oppose and resist
our good intention and project.

The persons assessed and provisionally taxed for the contribution of the said
three hundred florins are the following:

Peter Classen promises to pay 20 florins

Marten Jansen likewise 20

Elbert Elbertsen is taxed 32

Joris Jacobsen 20

Cornells Dircksen 20

Jan Leyck 16

Albert Bestevaer's farmer 20

Hendrick Pietersen 10

Peter Roeloffsen 10

Hendrick Cornelissen 10

Hans Jansen 16

Jan Claesen 16

Cornelis Antonisen 10

RpelofC Cornelissen 10

Jacob Pietersen 6

Peter Cornelissen 16

Harpert Claesen 15

267 florins

Commending ourselves to your Honors' good favor, we, the Magistrates of Ames-
foort, await most humbly your Honors' favorable decree, which doing etc.
Your Honors' humble and obedient servants.
The Magistrates of Amesfoort
By Order

Peter Tonneman, Secretary.

OF THE State of Xew York. 367

On the 13th of January, 1657, at Amesfoort on Long Island, In New Netherland.

Having received and read the foregoing petition of the Court of Amesfoort, dated
the 13th of the month of January, the E>irector Genera) and Council of New
Netherland find the request therein contained to be just, and therefore the said
Magistrates of Amesfoort are authorized to carry out their tax levy and to proceed
legally against renitent parties.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland, the IGth of January 1657. — Col.
Docs. N. Y. xiv. 378, 379.

Petition of the IVIagistkates of Brooklyn Against the As-
sessment FOR the Minister's Salary and Objecting to the
Appointment of Rev. Polhemius.

I [Jan. 16, 1657.]

Noble, Very Worshipful, Very Learned, Wise and Prudent, Honorable Director
General in New Netherland etc. Very Worshipful Sir:

Pursuant to the resolution adopted by your Honor on the 29th of November
(sic:) last past at Breuckelen in our meeting, the delegates from Midwout and
Amesfoort being present, Midwout was to contribute to the yearly salary of the
Rev. Domine Polhemius four hundred florins, Breuckelen three hundred florins and
Amesfoort three hundred florins which we then thought a heavy tax and took in
consideration to inform and submit to your Honor our decision after having made
our calculation. Now we, your Honor's humble servants, the Magistrates of
Breuckelen, report and sul)niit to your Honor the Impossibility to contribute yearly
three hundred guilders, because this sum cannot well be collected from a weak and
impoverished community, many members of which have suffered great losses and
damages in the times of war through surprises by the Indians and otherwise,
which have disabled them. With the best they can do, some will not be able to
raise what they would like to contril>ute; nor has the said Domine Polhemius ever
been called or engaged by us as pastor, but he has intruded here against our
wishes, desiring to preach in the public street in the open air; on account of
which the house of the Schepen Joris Dircksen here in Breuckelen was provision-
ally given him to avoid giving offence to any one. The burghers and inhabitants
of Breuckelen generally and the neighbors say, that for such meager and unsatis-
factory service as they have had hitherto, even if they could, they would not
resolve to contribute anything, for during the two weeks he comes here only for
a quarter of an hour on Sunday afternoon, gives us only a prayer instead of a
sermon, from which we learn and understand little and when we think, that the
prayer or sermon, whatever It be called, is beginning, it is already over, so that
he gives small edification to the congregation. It has happened to us only on the
Sunday before Christmas, the 24th of December last, that in place of a sermon,
which we had expected to have, we had to listen to a prayer so short, that it
was over, l)efore we had collected our thought; it was also nearly evening, before
he. Polhemius. came over, so that he had really not much time and was compelled
to break off and leave hastily to return liome, and this was all the edification —
little enough — which we have had during the Christmas holidays. We maintain
therefore, that we shall enjoy the same, if not more edification by appointing
some one of our midst to read a sermon from a book of homilies (buys postille)
every Sunday, than we have hitherto received by the sermon or prayer of said
Domine Polhemius.

We do not Intend, however, by this our request and remonstrance anything
to the dishonor of the said Polhemius or to the injury of his good reputation,
but say only, that his great age Is the cause of all and that his faculties are
evidently not what they were formerly; we see also, that Polhemius Is not deficient
in good will, but as he has not been called by us, we cannot conclude to con-
tribute to his support aside from our inability already explained and submitted
to your Honor. Although we, the Magistrates of Breuckelen, have resolved to

1657

368 Ecclesiastical Records

contribute to the salary of the said Polhemius, the congregation here cannot come
to such a resolution, as there are many, who cannot make any contribution anfl
whom it would be more necessary to support; there are besides many bouweries
unoccupied and vacant, for instance that of Mr. Paulis, the one of Frericlt
Lubbertsen on the strand, while a very simple and poor man lives on his other
bouwery, who is also unable to give anything, and Lodwyck lives upon the Poor
Bouwery while his lot is vacant, the same as Peter Cornelissen's, Elbert Elbert-
sen's, the land of Black Hans, Grabiels land, Peter Mallemocque, Peter Manist,
Jean Martyn and others more of whom there is quite a number. From the fore-
going your Honor may well consider and conclude, what can be raised and given
here and although every one shall be assessed by us and put on the tax list,
nobody will be able to resolve to contribute anything for such slender services,
as we have hitherto enjoyed. We finally submit with due respect, that whereas
the people of Mldwout have engaged Polhemius alone without our knowledge or
consent, we are very willing and well satisfied, that the Midwout people shall
enjoy the services of Domine Polhemius alone, if the Domine wishes again tQ
perform the service and prayer instead of a service as formerly, we shall not
be bound by it to anything, except to what from inclination and free and un-
biased will may be added to his salary, as several among us here are well inclined
to him, although we do not enjoy his, Polhemius', services. Closing herewith we
commend your Honor to the gracious protection of the Almighty and wish a
Happy New Year besides a prosperous and blessed administration until the end,
and commending ourselves to your Honor's good favor we are and remain
Your Honorable Worship's humble servants The Magistrates of Breuckelen,

Albert Cornelissen,
Joris Dircke,
Willem Bredenbent.
B.v their order,

Peter Touneman, Secretary.

Breuckelen, January 1657.

After having read the foregoing letter the following answer was made:
Mr. Tonneman is hereby commissioned by the Director General and Council to
remind the people of Breuckelen once more to fulfill their obligation and promise
concerning the salary of their pastor, Domine Polhemius, else the Director General
and Council will give such orders and make such dispositions as are necessary.
Date as above (16th of January 1657.) — Col. Docs. N. I. xiv. 380, 381, 382.

Letter of the Magistrates of Brooklyn to the Director
AND Council About the Salary of Their Minister.

Noble, Worshipful, Honorable, Very Learned, Wise and Prudent, your Honors
the Director General and Council of New Netherland. Gentlemen: We respect-
fully submit as our answer to the decision made by your Honors on the 16th of
January of this year 1657, by which we were to find means to supply the amount
of three hundred florins yearly for the salary, promised without our consent and
knowledge by the people of Midwout and Amesfoort to the Rev. Domine Pol-
hemius, that we of the Court of Breuckelen do not know, that we have ever-
promised or agreed to pay anything, but requested only time to gather informa-
tion and make a calculation, whether it was feasible and means might be found;
that we fear and apprehend, .it cannot be done in so weak and impoverished'
a congregation, as ours and the neighborhood. It was not our intention or wish,
to be constrained thereto by the Director General and Council and therefore,
not desiring to oppose the Director and Council herein, we liave resolved at
last to collect and contribute the said three hundred florins, how or where ever
we might be able to collect it, on condition that from the expiration of the
first year of Domine Polhemius' engagement, which la on the 7th of April 1657,

OF THE State of New York. 369

we shall be excused for this and the following years, unless in the meantime we
should hear of improvements and favorable changes (God grant it) here in this
country and the Fatherland, as we hope, when we shall make a proper agree-
ment with Domine Polhemius and promise to fulfill our former conditions, to
which we have bound ourselves, but we cannot engage ourselves for subsequent
and more years as above stated.

Closing herewith we commend your Honors to the gracious protection of God
wishing a prosperous and happy administration until the end and commend our-
selves to your Honors' good favors, with which we are and remain.
Your Honors' humble servants, the Schepens of the Court of Breuckelen.

Albert Cornelissen.
' Joris Dircksen,

The mark X of Jooris Rapallhe,

' William Bredenbent.

By their order,

Peter Tonneman, Secretary.

(January, 1657.) — Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 382, 383.

Petition of Inhabitants of Middleborougii (Newtown) L.
I. , About the House Built for Their Pastor. Order of
THE Director Thereon.

To the honorable gouernor worthie ser we whose names are underwritten
desire to make our humble requests knowen, in respect to the house bulded here
by the towne of Midleburrough for publicke use for a minister for continewance
and some of the towne hath given it away to mr more for his owne proprietie;
and his afEer him wherein we thinke we are wronged and the towne left destitute
if mr more please to leave us or if he should die for we know men are mortal
we are to seke both for minister and house to entertaine him into therefore we
doe humbly entreat your Honor that you would be pleased to take it into con-
sideration and accordingly Judge the equitie of the thing and the damage that
may ensew; thus leaning you to God and his grace we rest.

John Burroughes.

The mark IL of John Laiton

The mark UP of Robert Pudington

Francis Swaine
The mark of Thomas Horulsh

The mark E of Nlkles Carter
Samuell Coe.
Janeuaries the 22nd (sic.) 1G57.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 383.

Anno 1657, 25 January.
Answer to the foregoing writing.

Whereas Wee ware informed that the house off the Minister (being blld for
a publicq use and successively for the Ministerlj:) by soni off the Inhabitance off
the Towne off Midilleborch was disposed off, and given unto Meester More, for
his private use, it beciugh soo, as wee doe not hope, or thluke, then this are to
require the Magistraats off the said Towne, to make their appljrance before us,
for to give information and reasons, uppon wath Grounds, and Wherefore it was
done alsoo; In the mayntyme the Magistraats are required and ordered to pro-
ceed no further against the bearer John Layton. Soe after mee Love ij rest.

i Your friend and Gouvnernr.

Fort Amsterdam in Now Netherlaud. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 384.

1657

370 Ecclesiastical Records

Classis of Amsterdam.
Acts of the Deputies and their Correspondence.

Feb. ? 1657.
The Classis of Amsterdam to the Church of ISTew Amsterdam,
Feb. 15, 1657. (According to Dr. Thos. De Witt, Dec. 15, 1656).
Eeferred to in letter of Megapolensis and Drisius of Aug. 5, 1657.

Acts of the Deputies.

(Gouwester. New ISTetherland.)

1657, Feb. 12th.

Jacob Pietersen Gouwester, living in the Boomdwars straat,
next to the King Solomon (straat) desired to go to the East Indies
or to New Netherland. He gave good satisfaction in everything.
XX. 368.

Correspondence from America.

1657, March 6.
Rev. John Megapolensis to the Classis of Amsterdam.

March 6th, 1657.
Administeative Minutes of New Amsterdam.

Election of a Church Master.

1657, March 8.

Whereas according to extracts from the Resolves of the Honorable Director
General and Council of New Netherland dated 6th March of this year Pietcr
Tonneman is elected from those nominated by Burgomasters and Churchmasters
in place of the retiring Nicasius de Silla, the said Tonneman is therefore hereby
requested and authorized to attend to and fill the said office of Churchmaster for
the ensuing year with Govert Loockermans. Done this 8th March 1657, at the
Court of Burgomasters of this City of Amsterdam in New Netherland. — Records
of New Amsterdam, vol. vii. p. 142.

Administrative Minutes of New Amsterdam.

Accounts of Churchmasters.

1657, March 9.

Whereas one Churchmaster is retired and another having been appointed In
his stead, it is customary according to the practice of our Fatherland, that a/c
be rendered of their administration; Burgomasters have resolved to communicate
it to the Honorable General, to know whether a/c shall be rendered to his Honor,
or to the Burgomasters. — Records of New Amsterdam, vol. vii. p. 144.

OF THE State of New York. 371

Resolutions of the Common Council of the City of Amster-
dam Respecting ISTew Amstel, Delaware.

1657, March 9.

The Directors of the new Colonic In New Netherland have stated, through the
Burgomasters, that they had collected about three hundred Colonists, and there-
fore requested permission to engage a Minister, and to employ one of the city's
ships for their conveyance, and for the advancement of everything, to be allowed
to raise the sum of thirty six thousand guilders. Which, being considered, it
is resolved that the city's ship called de Wage be employed for that purpose, a
Minister engaged, and the aforesaid sum of thirty six thousand guilders borrowed
by them either from the Orphans Chamber or the Exchange Bank, according as
the Burgomasters deem proper. It is, also, further resolved that the Treasurers
be requested to pay attention to the employment of this and the foregoing
moneys, and to keep the account of the one and the other. — Col. Docs. N. T.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Xew Colon}^ in ISTew jSTetherland. — Call of a Minister to Js'ew

Netherland.

1657, March 19th.

In pursuance of the request (lit. ontwriting) of this Classis,
Rev. Depntati ad caiisas Indicas have rendered a report and ac-
count (opening) of the entire situation of the Church of the New
Colony (on the Delaware) in New Netherland; that other relig-
ions, and especially the Lutheran, have crept in there, and what
efforts they had made about this affair in respect to the Burgo-
masters and the committee of the Directors ad hanc causam; and
that finally, after all their efforts they had secured consent to call
a competent and ordained minister and to send him to those
regions.

The Rev. Assembly took this matter into serious consideration
and exercise, in the fear of the Lord, as to what person would
best be invited and called for this purpose. After mature con-
sideration of ever^' point, it was resolved to find out (to cast the
eye upon) some ordained minister. The Rev. Assembly at length
let its eye fall -with favor upon the Rev. Nicholas Mullerius. He
was waited on, (saluted) and spoken to as to his inclination. He
declared himself disinclined to undertake such a call and journey.

1657

372 EccLESiASTicAi- Records

The Eev. Assembly then suffered its thoughts to turn towards
other candidates. Having invited several to appear before them,
who also came, and after calling upon the name of the Lord, the
Eev. Everardus Welius was finally called. The call having been
accepted by him, his examination was set for the lOth of April.
He will expound (preach) Psalm 127. verse 1. vi. 39-40. xix.

41.

The Lutherans in New Netherland.

1657, March 19th.
Whereas the Lutherans in New Amsterdam, and principally
in New Netherland, are strengthening themselves and are putting
forth every effort to establish their position (lit. foot), and Forms
of worship, therefore did the Eev. Deputati ad causas Indicas re-
port their heavy hearted considerations thereon to the Assembly.
They request advice as to what is to be done in the matter, in
order to counteract this approaching evil. The Eev. Assembly
deems it in the highest degree necessary to watch against this
thing; and that the worthy burgomasters of the city of Amster-
dam as well as the committee of the Directors of this New Colony
shall be very earnestly addressed, and also waited on by the Eev.
Deputati ad causas Indicas, and shall seek to persuade them with
all serious argl^ments on the subject in order to check at the be-
ginning this toleration of all sorts of religions, and especially of
the Lutherans, lest God's Church come to suffer more and more
injury as time goes on. v. 41 ; xix. 42.

Letter from the Directors to Stutvesant : Wampum ; Cur-
rency; Eensselaerwtck ; Negroes; Cultivation of Sile:-
woRMs; Lutherans. The Currency.*

Duplicate. Tfie 7th of April 1657.
We send herewith the small bell, which the inhabitants of Fort Orange and
the village of Beverwyck requested for their newly built little Church; as the
twenty five beavers, brought over by Dirck Jansen Croon to pay for making a

•Wampum, peage, wampumpeage or sewant were the names given to the
Indians- currency which the Dutch found in use among the aborigines, when
they came to settle on the Hudson. Wampum was black and white perforated

OF THE State of New York. 373

pulpit, have arrived much damaged and therefore the proceeds therefrom were
not sufficient; we have at his request advanced for this purpose the sum of
seventy five florins as an encouragement to the community there. As to the
other two hells for the villages of Mldwout and Hemstead, we shall have them
made here also and send them to you by the first ships, when ready.

1667

We have by no means the Intention, to grant to the Lutherans any more*
liberty regarding the exercise of their religion, than stated in our letter of June
14, 1656, by which we still stand.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 386, 387, 388.

Administrative Minutes of New Amsterdam. f.

Oath of Burghers.

1657, April 9.

Follows the Oath taken by the Burghers; drawn up by the Right Honorable
General and Council.

I, N. N., promise and swear in the presence of Almighty God to be true and
faithful to the sovereignty of the Noble, High Mighty Lords States General of
the United Netherlands and Supreme Jurisdiction of the Honorable Lords Di-
rectors of the Privileged West India Company as Lords and Patroous of tlila
New Nerherland Province, their Director General and Council already appointed
or hereafter to be appointed; and to shew in the first place them, the Burgo-
masters and Rulers of this City, present and future, all respect and reverence
and to obey them In all honest and Just matters as a faithful subject and good
Burgher Is bound to do, as long as I shall continue In this Province. So Truly
Help me God Almighty. — Records of New Amsterdam, vol. Til. p. 154.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Everardus Welius.

1657, April 10th.

The candidate Everardus Welius having expounded the text
Psalm 127:1, was then examined on the principal heads of the
Christian religion. He gave the Assembly excellent satisfaction
in both. They therefore gladly permitted him to be invested
with the Sacred Ministry, in that New Colony in New Nether-
beads from three sixteenth to three eighth of an Inch In length and one eighth
In thickness. The Qunhang or Wh<>lk (Buccltnnn undatuni). a shollflsli formerly
nbdiinding on the coast of Long Island, but now rather rare, furnished the
material, from which the black (In reality It was dark purple), and more valu-
able, also called Suckauhock, was made. The white beads were made from
another shellfish, called Meteauhock. Periwinkle (Turbo llttoreua, Lin.) and
were more strictly the wampum. Isaac de liazleres. Treasurer of New Nether-
laud In 1027, Introduced wampum In the New England Colonies, much to the
disgust of the Inhabitants, who declared It the " Devil's work and money ".
See In Laws of New Netherlaud the Ordinances rel. to wampum. — B. Fernow.

1657

374 Ecclesiastical Records

land, (Delaware,) which is under the jurisdiction of the city of
Amsterdam. Unto this field he was elected by the Classis, with
the approval of the Worthy Burgomasters. He was also ordained
to the office with the laying on of hands in the presence of the
Assembly, and the rich blessing of the Lord was invoked upon
him. — vi. 44.

' Lutherans and Sects in I^ew ]!*^etlierland.

1657, April 10th.

Eev. Deputati ad causas Indicas report that they have fulfilled
their commission of opposing the free and public exercise of wor-
ship by the sects, and in particular, by the Lutherans in New
Netherland, both in respect of the Messrs. Directors and the Wor-
shipful Burgomasters of Amsterdam, and the Directors of the
New Colony. It wa& found that not only have requests to that
end been addressed to the Directors, but that a resolution has
already been adopted, tending to permit free worship of the sects,
by connivance; but that they had employed all diligence and
labor to induce the gentlemen, by many arguments, and powerful
motives, never to consent to the permission by connivance, or in
any other way. This had borne some fruit, but not so perfectly
that it should heal together out of existence. However it was
resolved by the Directors to abide by the resolution of the pre-
ceding year. The Lutherans are to be permitted quietly to have
their exercises at their own houses; a copy of which resolutions
were copied by the brethren ad causas Indicas. In conformity
with this resolution, the gentlemen have written to ISTew Nethcr-
land. As regards the Burgomasters in particular, they showed
hesitation in expelling the minister which the Lutherans had there
(in Amsterdam) ; but upon the urgent request of the Rev. Breth-
ren, accompanied with powerful arguments, they had taken the
subject under advisement, and w^ould give heed thereto at the
proper time. Now inasmuch as all these things are fraught with
anxious considerations, and do not place the Assembly completely

OF THE State of New York. 375

at tteir ease, it was further resolved that every endeavor should
be made to prevent these evils, both with regard to the Burgo-
masters and the Directors, as well as the Commissioners of the
JSTew Colony (on the Delaware.) It was also resolved to encourage
the Rev. Consistory in !N"ew ISTetherland, (ISTew Amsterdam,) to
continue in their good zeal, to check these evils in every possible
way. The Rev. Heydanas and the Deputati ad causas Indicas
shall attend to these matters. — vi. 45.

Administrative Minutes of J^Tew Amsterdam.

Petition of Jews denied.

The 11th April, 1657.

Jacob Cohin Hendricus, a Jew, appears in the Court of Burgomasters; request-
ing permission to bake and sell bread within this City, as other bakers, but
with closed door. Which being deliberated on, 'tis decreed, as this is directly
contrary to the privilege granted by the Honorable Director General and Council
to the Burghery of this City and also against the orders given by the Honorable
Lords Majores, the petitioners request cannot be granted.

1657

Asser Levy, a Jew, appears in Court; requests to be admitted a Burgher;
claims that such ought not be refused him, as he keeps watch and ward (tocht
en wacht) like other Burghers; shewing a Burgher certificate from the City of
Amsterdam, that the Jew Is Burgher there. Which being deliberated on, tis
decreed as before that it cannot be allowed, and he shall apply to the Director
General and Council. — Records of New Amsterdam, vol. vii. p. 154.

Vice Director Alrichs to the Commissioners of the Colonie
ON THE Delaware.

1657, April 13.

I also fully hope, and have placed my entire reliance on a Clergyman coming
over in the first ship, so that all our work may begin in the fear of the Lord,
and obtain the blessing of the Almighty; that those who have little knowledge or
lisht may not become backsliders; and those who are still weak In the faith
may be further strengthened. A learned and aged man who hath good gifts and
is well acquainted and conversant with Church government, would be of much
use there. This should not be deferred, as it is a scandal not to have either'
Church or Minister there, whenever any of the neighboring people, and even of
those who intend to settle, come. I, therefore, request that this may be taken
into the greatest consideration, with an effort to accomplish It most speedily. —
Col. Docs. N. Y. 11. 7.

1657

376 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

1657, April 23rd.
Rev. Schoonhovius in the Chair.

The Commissioners of the new colonies in behalf of the city
of Amsterdam, have satisfied Rev. Mr. Welius concerning the
conditions, and a call will be placed in his hands as soon as pos-
sible, according to the custom in vogue in such matters

The Brethren have reported their several endeavors with the
Messrs. Directors in relation to the strife among the sects, es-
pecially the Lutherans. They have at last received as answer that
the old resolution should remain in force, in accordance with what
the Messrs. Directors had before written to the General, and the
Council of Xew Netherland. It was judged expedient to tran-
scribe verbatim in the journal the extracts from that communica-
tion, which the Brethren requested permission to make.

Extract from the communication in behalf of the West India
Company, to the Governor, Peter Stuyvesant, and the Council in
New Netherland, June 14, 1656. See this elsewhere. — xx.
372-3.

Rev. Welius.

1657, May 7th.

The Deputies report that Rev. Welius is contented with his
salary. What remains yet to be done in this matter, the brethren
shall further perform. Instructions shall be given him. The or-
ganization (placing) of the Consistory in the Xew Colony remains
commended to his prudence. All this shall be communicated to
him, on the part of this Assembly, vi. 47 ; xix. 43,

Acts of the Deputies.
(Ilermanus Blom, declines the chaplaincy.)

1657, May 7th.

In compliance with the Resolution of Classis, the lioble Mighti-
nesses (Admiralty Board?) at Amsterdam, have been spoken to

OF THE State of New Yokk. 377

about the salary of the proponents, who should go to sea with
Mr. Tromp. Their Noble Mightinesses had said, that when a
good person had been found for the said service, they would
come to an agreement about the conditions. Thereupon the As-
sembly busied itself to select someone from the proponents here-
tofore sent. The lawful election fell upon Eev. Hermanns Blom,
whom the brethren presented to their Noble Mightinesses; but
the conditions submitted by their Mightinesses were not accept-
able to Eev. Blom, as they promised him but thirty guilders
($12.) per month. Therefore this good work, so well begun, has
hitherto proved without fruit. — xx. 373.

Lutherans and Sects in New Netherland and the Colony.

1657, May 7th.

The Deputati ad causas Indicas, laboring in compliance with
their instructions to oppose the Lutherans in New IS^ etherland,
and on the South (the Delaware) Eiver have learned that in
the treaty made with the Swedes in the New Colony, it was stipu-
lated and consented to by the (New Netherland) Colonies that a
Lutheran minister might abide there. There was also sent to
the North Eiver, (the Hudson) a Lutheran minister named John
Earnest Gutwasser (Goedwasser.) It was judged by the Assem-
bly that if it (free worship) were granted to the Swedes; on ac-
count of the contrast, it could hardly be disallowed to the (Dutch)
Lutherans (in New Amsterdam.) But inasmuch as it is understood
that the Swedes have mostly gone away, further efforts should be
made (to induce) the Burgomasters to oppose the Lutherans and
other sects (in New Amsterdam;) and that they should be re-
quested to recommend this matter to Director Aldrix (Aldrich)
in their letters, even as it shall be urged upon the Directors (of
the West India Company) that in their district, which had been
hitherto, by their good care, Avell managed, the Lutherans shall
not be permitted any permission freely to exercise their forms
of worship, vi. 48, 49 ; xix. 44.

1667

1657

378 Ecclesiastical Records

Acts of the Deputies and their Oorrespondence.

1657, May 7th.
Rev. Mr. Winckelius in the Chair, xx. 373-377.

The Classis of Amsterdam to the Consistory of 'New !N"etherland,
Sent with Rev. Everardus Welius.

May 25th, 1657.

Reverend, Very Learned, Godly and Well Beloved Brethren iii
Christ Jesus:

We cannot allow the excellent opportunity which is offered
us to pass, without sending this communication to you. The
Hon. Mayor of this city (Amsterdam) as well as the Hon. Com-
missioners of the affairs of the new colony (ISTew Amstel) planted
on the South River in Xew ITetherland, have approved, in accord-
ance with the published conditions concerning the same, (Art. 7,
of the previous year,) the sending provisionally, to that place,
of a schoolmaster, Avho will also visit the sick, and publicly read
God's Word, and sing the Psalms. Accordingly we have sought
out, for this purpose, a worthy man, named Evert Pieterson. He
has been examined in all the above named particulars, and is con-
sidered properly qualified. He therefore undertook his journey
thither, (March 9, 1657,) in the fear of the Lord. We doubt not
but that he has already arrived, and has edified many. By him
a certain letter was sent over to your Reverences, in which we
gave account of those things which we judged necessary to com-
municate to you. (See Col. Docs. l^. Y. ii. 4-22, 48-74.)

The Gospel door seems ever to be opening more widely. Sev-
eral families are about to remove hence, being willing to be
transported thither. Who knows what the Lord God purposes
in respect to the extension of his kingdom, and the conversion of
the heathen. Indeed this good work has been so greatly taken
to heart here, that it has been deemed necessary to send a lawful
minister there, to institute religious meetings in which God's

OF THE State of !N^ew Yoek. 379

1657

"Word may be preached with soundness, the sacraments adminis-
tered according to Christ's ordinances, and God's name publicly
honored. Accordingly the Rev. Classis has been occupied in
choosing one from among the recommended candidates, to go
over in the capacity of minister. The lawful choice has fallen
upon Rev. Everardus Welius, a young man deserving of much
praise in many respects. For he is such a one in life, in study,
in gifts, in conversation, that we expect nothing else than to hear,
in due time, that he fills his office with fruitfulness, under God's
blessing and grace. Therefore also he has been ordained to his
office, after a proper final examination, by the laying on of hands
in the Classical Assembly.

We request, in case he should stop over in passing, in your
localities, (New Amsterdam), that you will treat him with
brotherly consideration, and assist him in everything wherein he
may have need of your services. We hope that the Lord of the
harvest will make him a useful and successful laborer in the har-
vest which is yet to be gathered there; that he will increasingly
endue him with strength of body and of soul; for surely his
Reverence will, especially at first, find trouble enough to fashion
everything into a well ordered form of church government. To
this end, indeed, a friendly correspondence between him and you,
so far as possible, -svill not be unserviceable to him. And the
work of the ministry will be very difficult, since there are already
there, and in time more people will oome, of all manner of per-
nicious persuasions. Every one can therefore, easily perceive
how much diligence and labor are required to prevent false opin-
ions and foul heresies from becoming prejudicial to the puro
truth.

In order also, that divers sects, in that colony, may not be able
to lift their heads, we have earnestly urged upon the Mayor
and Commissioners here (at Amsterdam) that their Honors
should do something to establish some (ecclesiastical) Order, in'
opposition to general license. They have given us quite a satis-

380 Ecclesiastical Kecoeds

factory answer, namely, that they could not force the consciences
of men, which indeed, we had expressly stated we did not wish;
but they said, that should information arrive that the sects car-
ried on their exercises of religion (in public) then they would
look to it to prevent such a thing, after examination of the facts.

We have requested your Reverences to inform us from time to
time, by writing, concerning the condition of affairs in the church
over which the Holy Ghost has made you overseers. We hear
indeed one thing and another, through different private sources.
But meantime we are awaiting agreeable letters directly from you ;
but now for years we have received no answers to our communi-
cations. This circumstance makes us somewhat fearful lest this
friendly correspondence should gradually cease. This we hope
not to see.

Meanwhile, as regards your church, we did not sit still in the
matter of the Lutheran controversy, of which frequent mention
has been made in our former letters; but so far as was prac-
ticable, we have held a watchful eye upon it. It was rumored
that they had again petitioned the Directors to be permitted to
enjoy, in that land, freedom in the public exercises of their
religion. But their request was not granted. After they had
repeatedly pressed their suit, the said gentlemen dismissed them,
finally, with the answer, that their petition should be presented
rather to the States-General than to them. We were further
informed that the Directors had examined the list of persons
who had journeyed thither, and had found among the number,
the name of one John Ernest Goedwater, (Gutwasser,) who for
all we know, was examined by the Lutheran church here, ordained
as preacher, and sent over there in that capacity. This is indeed
a matter of great importance, which might most signally hinder
the progress of the truth. Therefore the Eev. Brethren, the
Deputies of the Olassis, have been occupied since last year, in
seeking to stop the growth of this evil. They have diligently
plied the Directors with persuasive arguments, and have perse-

OF THE State of New York, 381

vered, until the above mentioned gentlemen resolved to abide
by the old resolution, in conformity with what they had previously
written to the General and his Council in that place. Of this
writing an extract was asked and granted. In this we observe
that the Lutherans were permitted the free exercise of their relig-
ion in their own houses. We cannot interpret this in any other
way than that every one must have the freedom to serve God
quietly within his dwelling, in such a manner as his religion may
prescribe, without instituting any public gatherings or conven-
ticles. When this interpretation is recognized, our complaints
will cease.

It therefore remains to you, worthy brethren, to be vigilant,
lest your congregation, which we learn is at present in a good
and encouraging condition, suffer from the liberty which the
sects may assume. But should it happen that this evil is not
remedied to your satisfaction, although we hope it may be other-
wise, if we can serve you in any way, we gladly offer a helping
hand, in the name of the Classis, whenever our body is furnished
by your Reverences with proper information." This we will use
as occasion permits.

Herewith we conclude. Meanwhile we hope that the Lord
God may long bless you in your duties, and may preserve you
in good health, to the honor of his Holy Name, to the signal edi-
fication of your congregation, and to your temporal welfai'e and
eternal salvation.

Signed,

Caspar de Carpentier

Actum Amsterdam, Abraham Roeloff

May 25, 1657. Conrad Schoonhoven.

Vice Director Ai.riciis to the Burgomasters of Amsterdam.

1G57. May 25.
And, as there was scarcely any storehouse, I have been obliged to fix some-
thing tent fashion, to preserve the goods which, iu such a manner or with such
covering, are not sufficiently protected from rain, rotting, etc. Therefore, neces-
saries are required to be sent hither for a large storehouse; also suitable boats

382 Ecclesiastical Records

and a Minister, all which are of the greatest necessity. As there was no powder-
house here, I have had a cellar constructed under the walls, so that the powder
may be preserved in a sure place which is beyond danger. Meanwhile, the ship
Bever, has been discharged within ten allowed days. — Col. Docs. N. Y. li. 9.

Vice Dieectoe Alkichs to the Commissionees of the Colony
ON THE Delaware.

1657, May 7.
Honorable, Worshipful, Wise, Right Prudent Gentlemen: —

My last to your Honors was dated the 8th instant, whereunto I refer; never-
theless, I am under the necessity to repeat here, and again herein respectfully
to request you to be pleased, should you not have already sent out the materials
necessary for a suitable warehouse, as well two carpenters at least, who, without
whom we cannot get along, and the requisite boat and clergyman, no longer to
postpone forwarding them, for, in consequence of the heavy rain that frequently
falls here in great quantities, which will leak through any old sails, there is im-
minent danger that whatever is dry or susceptible of damage, will be spoiled. —
Col. Docs. N. Y. ii. 18.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.
Lutherans in IS^ew Xetherland.

1657, June 5th.

About the restraint of the Lutherans and other sects in I^ew
ISTetherland and the New Colony (on the Delaware), the gentle-
men were waited on, and this business was earnestly recommended
to them. They promised to be on their guard against their
exercising public worship, and not permit it, but endeavor to
prevent it. — v. 55; xix. 45.

Correspondence from America.

1657, June 27th.
Eev. Gideon Schaats to Eev. Domine Laurentius.
The Peace of Christ !

Very Dear Father and Brother in Christ, Domine Laurentius : —
In the beginning of November, last year, (1656,) in conjunc-
tion with Domine Megapolensis, I wrote to you at the request
of the Rev. Classis, concerning the state of the church in general,
in this country, and in particular about myself, ^^^th the design

OF THE State of 'Nbw Yokk. 383

of having the same communicated to the Rev. Brethren. But
as we have leai-ned that the ship " Otter ", by which we sent our
letters, was lost on the coast of England, and as we have received
no answers to them, we now repeat the information.

About the church and congregation here : Much could be said
of the indiscreet walk of many. There are many hearers, but
not much saving fruit. The place increases, but when the wind
is from the South, the people, who carry on trade, by which this
place alone exists, pass away like grass growing on the (meadow.)

We have here about one hundred and thirty members, most
of whom I found here. I think that I have received about thirty.
May God sanctify them ! But we have been also considerably
deceived by certain, ones, so that on account of their inconsistent
walk, although mth but little assistance, I have been obliged
to suspend them from the Lord's Table. The people are rather
reckless; many remain away from the Lord's Table for a kernel
of oats, (the slightest reason); disputes often arise on account of
trade. But they ought never to be left without a preacher, as
there are sometimes between three and four hundred at church,
notmthstanding the distance some have to travel; and if they
were all well inclined, there might be an audience of six hundred,
besides the merchants, who frequent the place during the sum-
mer; but the taverns and villainous houses have many visitors.
The colonists have not more than fourteen or fifteen country
places (farms); the Company has around the fort a "Factory"
village of one hundred and twenty houses, if not more, and oth-
ers are springing up daily; a small new church has been located
in the heart of this village, Beaverwyck, where by God's grace
I now preach. But inasmuch as most of the people are under
the Company, Rensselaer neither will nor can continue me after
my term expires. This, according to the last agreement made,
will be on the 24:th of July, 1657. [A marginal note in the
same hand writing says : This contract was made on the 20th

1657

384 Ecclesiastical Records

of September 1656 or thereabouts, at which time he was already
intending to resign.] Then I shall be free from my duties here.
I wrote about this in my last letter. This matter gives me a
great deal to think about, and the uncertainties cause me much
trouble. I am free from van Rensselaer, or will be; but not a
word was said by the officers of the Company about my salary,
before I received my discharge. No preacher has ever yet been
appointed here by the Company, and the Company says that the
congregation must pay the preacher. But they (the people?) pre-
fer to gamble away, or lose in bets, a ton of beer at twenty
three or twenty four guilders, or some other liquor. I will say
nothing against the better class; but of these there are too few
to make up the salary. The Company's people are not very
liberal, as may be seen in the case of Domine Polheymius,
preacher at Flatbush, whom the poor farmers pay a scanty salary.
On the whole, frequently I do not know what to do; nor can I
tell what my final resolutions shall be. Perhaps when I am
free, I shall be pleased to make use of that freedom in the com-
ing spring, 1658, and travel vsdth my children to the Fatherland.
Here they learn nothing but rudeness, instead of useful things.
This journey is desirable especially for my sons, each of whom
is fit now to undertake something to his liking. In the mean-
while, and at the request of the Consistory here, I shall not
cease to do my duty, until the time that you and the Kev.
Brethren can do something for me in this matter. If the Com-
pany, which made the first beginnings at this place, would also
make a beginning in the appointment of a preacher, then let
them also provide for him, as they do for the preacher at New
Amsterdam. The work here is very hard for one minister, while
they have two at the Manhattans; and because above the Mi-
nades such a dearth is felt; for victuals are three times more
easily procured at the Minades, as the English live in that neigh-
borhood, and they are also on the sea. The salary of the old

OF THE State of I^ew York. 385

preacher there who keeps house is- two thousand guilders in-
cluding his house rent; and besides he has free fuel, which here
we have not. Fire wood costs us about two hundred guilders,
for which the price at the Minades is hardly one hundred and
fifty. This is because of the difficulty in hauling it from the
woods. ISTeither is there any house for the preacher here. All
the houses are occupied, so that there are none to rent. Every-
body must build for himself, and at great expense, for every-
thing is four times as dear as in the Fatherland; as for example
carpenters wages, and everything pertaining to building. The
houses here cost a great deal. A decent domicile cannot be rented
for less than four hundred to four hundred and fifty guilders,
while Eensselaer will not allow me more than two hundred guild-
ers for rent; and the congregation is not willing to build me a
house. But a Poor-house has been established here, and, God
be praised, as there are yet very few poor people here, I have
made arrangements with the deacons, and lived therein until now.
The Brethren must therefore take care, that no preacher is sent
here, and that I am not ordered to remain here, without being
decently treated, as other ministers are. Nevertheless, I fare so
well, that I would not care to leave my congregation, if I had
only means to send my sons, one after the other, to the Father-
land. But I am already very much behind. I might indeed sell
all my movable property, which I brought here, and then all
would go well, if I could immediately start on my travels; and
if my wife, who has not yet succumbed, had traded a little more,
mthout which we would have been still more miserable. I often
take my God as witness, that we have never lived luxuriously,
and I do not wish to. We have lived more simply than any
other minister, and yet how different is my condition, in this re-
spect, from the common inhabitants here. I thank God for what
he gives; only I find myself conscientiously compelled to write
this, that the dear Brethren might see to it, that no other brother
25

1657

386 Ecclesiastical Records

be misled into these parts, as I have been. The Rensselaers
knew, that the ministers were not to be returned home at their
own expense, but that was concealed from me in my contract. It
was mentioned in the contract of the other minister, (Megapolen-
sis), made by the late pious Kilian van Eensselaer, vnth several
other conditions favorable to him, but too long to repeat here.
I have myself read them in the contract. I had forgotten to
say, that there is no prelector nor precentor here, which duties I
have had to fill. All this is information for the Brethren, for
them to act upon. At the request of the Classis I communicate
this to you, hoping that you ^^^.ll inform them thereof. In clos-
ing, I commend you and your dear vnfe and children, with the
best wishes of my family, to the grace of God, and remain, this
27th of June, 1657, of Your Reverence, the humble colaborer
in the work of God.

Gideon Schaats,

Pastor at Rensselaerswyck.

Petition of the Revs. Megapolensis and Drisius to the BtTBr

GOMASTERS, ETC, AoAINST ToLERATING THE LuTHERANS.

July 6, 1657.

To the Hon. Burgomasters and Schepens of the city of Am-
sterdam, New l^etherland : —
The ministers of this city, with all due respect, desire to send
in this, their remonstrance. They have understood that there
has arrived by the ship " De Molen ", a Lutheran minister; that
he designs settling, in his official capacity, in this important place;
that it is evidently their intention, if they obtain a foothold
in this place, to extend themselves, which they may then do
the more easily, to other parts of this province. In our opinion
this must operate injuriously to the policy of the government,
as well as of the Reformed Religion, unless it be successfully
opposed at the beginning. For

OF THE State of JSTew Yoek. 387

1. The Lutherans and their adherents have been forbidden
heretofore, to hold their separate conventicles, altho' they have
repeatedly solicited this privilege of the Hon. Directors in vain.
They nevertheless obstinately and perseveringly persist in prose-
cuting their object against the known and declared will of the
government of this place. If they should gain this object, they
would doubtless attempt to proceed further.

2. We feel sure that great contention and discord will develope
therefrom, not only among the inhabitants and citizens in gen-
eral, but also in families, of which we have had proofs and com-
plaints during the past year. For example, some husbands have
forced their wives to leave their own church, and attend their
conventicles.

3. Large numbers of Lutherans have been found in the East
Indies, and also, formerly, in Brazil, but we do not know that
the public exercise of their religion was ever allowed them;
doubtless because strife in religious matters would produce con-
fusion in political affairs,

4. Thus, also, the number of hearers in our (Reformed) church
would be perceptibly diminished. Many of that persuasion have
continued attentive hearers among us, and several have united
themselves with our church. These would separate themselves
from us, if separate worship, according to the Lutheran form,
should be allowed.

5. The treasury of our deacons, (the poor fund) would be con-
siderably diminished, and become unable to sustain the burdens
it has hitherto borne. It is known to your Hon. Body that there
is no other means provided for the support of the poor, save what
is collected in the church. This is given to widows, orphans,
and to all who make suitable application whatever may be theii'
religious persuasion. This could not be done imder any other
arrangement.

6. If the Lutherans should be indulged in the exercise of their
(public) worship, the Papist, Mennonites and others, would soon
make similar claims. Thus we would soon become a Babel of

1657

388 Ecclesiastical Records

confusion, instead of remaining a united and peaceful people.
Indeed it would prove a plan of Satan to smotlier this infant,
rising congregation, almost in its birth, or at least to obstruct
the march of truth in its progress.

"We therefore request your Hon. Body earnestly to consider
the measure referred to, as injurious to the political as well as to
the religious interests of this place; and, following in the foot-
steps of your predecessors in authority in this city, as well as
in the Province at large, "^dll take measures to arrest the evil
ready to creep in, and prevent it according to your best ability.
So doing, etc. Your Honors' Obedient

John Megapolensis.
July 6, (12) 165Y. Samuel Drisius.

Endorsed on this letter is the following : —

The Burgomasters and Schepens having read the request herein

presented, by the ministers of the Holy Gospel, return thanks

to them for their care in this matter. They refer them to the

request of their Honors on this subject, heretofore made to the

Government, and the reply thereto, which are hereunto annexed.

By the order of the Burgomasters and Schepens,

Timotheus Gabry, Secretary.
August 13, 165T,

at the City Hall, in

Amsterdam, ISTew ISTetherland.

Repoet of the Mayor and Aldermen of New Amsterdam

TJpoN the Petition of the Ministers Against Allowing

Lutheran Services.

1657, July 14th.

To the ISToble, Honorable Director-General and the Honorable
Council of New Netherland: —
With all due respect, the Burgomasters and Schepens of this
city show, that the ministers of the Gospel here appeared yester-

OF THE State of New Yoke. 389

day before us with, the annexed petition, concerning the arrival
of a Lutheran preacher, who had come by the ship " Goude Meu-
len " (Golden Mills). They allege several reasons and motives,
why the spread of that doctrine ought to be prevented here.
These having been taken into consideration by us, the aforesaid
Lutheran preacher, named Johannes Ernestus Goetwater was sum-
moned before us. We asked him, witk what intentions he had
come to this country. He thereupon frankly answered, he bad
been sent on behalf of their Consistory, to occupy the position
of a preacher here, as far as it would be allowed. He also
trusted that a letter of permit would come by the ship " Waegh "
(Balance), giving them freedom of religion as in the Fatherland;
also that the Directors (of the West India Company) had this
matter under consideration, about which, a resolution should fol-
low at the next opportunity; and that he had writings from the
Lutheran Consistory of Amsterdam, to be delivered to their
congregation here.

When we deliberated on all this, we could not believe that the
Hon. Directors would tolerate in this place any other doctrine,
than the true Eeformed Religion. This is fully sustained by
the oath, which your Honors administered to us upon our enter-
ing upon our duties, and which the Honorable, the Lords-Pa-
troons, approved. By this we bound ourselves under oath to help
maintain the true Reformed Religion, and to suffer no other
religion or sects. Therefore we have charged the said Goet-
waeter, not to hold public or private exercise in this city, and
not to deliver to the congregation, as he called it, the letters
from the (Lutheran) Consistory (at Amsterdam) until further
orders. As this is a matter which concerns not only this place,
but the whole Province, we address ourselves further to your
Honors, and request that measures may be found, by which, the
true Reformed Religion will be maintained, and all other sects
excluded, that the blessing of the Lord may increase in its flow

1657

1667

390 EOCLESIASTIOAL ReCOEDS

upon us. Thus all our good inliabitants will feel obliged to skow
their gratitude to your Honors, for doing this, etc.
By order of the Hon, Burgomasters and Schepens,
Timotheus Gabry,
Secretary of Amsterdam, in ISTew Netherland.

Received the report by the Burgomasters and Schepens of this
city, accompanying the petition of the ministers.

The Director-General and Council are well pleased with the
zeal and desire, shown by the Burgomasters and Schepens of this
city for supporting the Reformed doctrine and excluding schisma-
tics, and praise them therefor. The Director-General and Council
agree in every particular with the report. They request and
order the Burgomasters and the Schepens of this city, as well as
all other inferior Courts, that the orders and edicts formerly
issued and repeatedly published against this thing; and especially
the order, repeated on the first of February, Anno 1656, shall
be retained and enforced strictly. We consider this to be neces-
sary for the maintenance and conservation not only of the Re-
formed divine service, but also of political and civil peace, quiet-
ness and harmony. Thus done at the meeting of the Honorable
Director-General and Council, held at Fort Amsterdam in ISTew
Xetherland, the 14th of July, Anno 1657.

Signed by order of the jSToble, Honorable

Director-General and Council,

C. van Ruyven, Secretary.
Report of the

Burgomasters and Schepens

of Amsterdam, to Director-General

and Council about maintaining the Reformed Religion,

with (exclusion of sects.)

OF THE State of New York. 391

Gov. Stuyvesant to the Magisteaats off Heemstead.

17 July, 1657.
Lovlnge Frindes — Before ml departure from you I was In hoopes; off a good act
amongst you both in settlingh off mister denton's continuance according to agree-
ment off the tents for the present year: Butt Beeinge in hest Back and ready for
mi returne; Both were Broocli off By sum turbelent Spirits iff in the neme off the
whole or any is yet ignorant; but not satisfeyt therefore you may be pleased to
understand by these presents that wee are yett expected the tenths uppon the field
for the year present and accordanse to the value off them for the yeare past this
therefore Is ordered by these present that before the gatheringe off the crop you
shall give tymly noticij that we may send a men for the such or watt is the patrons
due, and for the ministry: You al doe know that Mister Robert fordim sum tymes
minister of the town off heemsted; did leave the plaeic and alsoo the exercys of
the ministery without our wish or knowledge and for no little reasons therefore wee
ken not admitt him in such a mennor of comminge againe. Soe after my servls
recommendinge you all unto the proteckcon off the Almeytig I rest.

Answer to the above.
Right Wortschlpfull — Yours wee have received bearing date the 17th Jully
wheare in wee understand you are unsatisfied heering summe speeches from sume
pitlur (i. e. private) man or men not being imployed by the towne nor by thee
knowledg or consent nether doe the towne owne what they have said wee hoope
according to the agreement made for a hundredth skeepell of wheeat for the tentes
you will be content the which the towne agreed with you and are willing to per-
forme, our desiers are to Imbrace Mr. dentons ministrie if God be pleased to con-
tinue hime amongst us and as for yoursellfe we have had sufficient experience of
your willingnesse and doubt not but you are the same by your late free and noble
profer. Soe hoping will not take any exceptions against the whoolle for sume p'tillr
Estrauigant speches for soe it will sumtimes fall out wheare a generall voat is woe
have sent Mr. Simons the hearer heare of hee shall further informe your woorshipe
soo not further to truble your woorschepe att present wee remaine yours in all ser-
vice to command according to our power

Richard Gildeersleue, in the name and

behaulfe of the towne of Hempsteed,
this 25th of July, 1657.
Addressed.

" To the Right Worschipfull peeter Stiuasnt Gouernor Generall of the new
Netherlandes at his house foort amsterdame thesse present." — Doc. Hist.
N. Y. iii. lis.

Gov. Stuyvesaxt's Reply.

Lovinge fricndos: —

Your letter sent by Mr. Semlns and his information have given us full satisfaction
so that wee sal rest in your promise off hundert schcpels oft' Weat for the tentes
for the present yeare — about the contlnuancy off mister denton amongst you wee
sal use al endevors we ken iff hee ken nott bee persuaded: you must locke for an-
other Abel and Godly man weerunto we on our seydo sal contribu what Is in our
power — soo etc.

Heemsteid sent the 29th of July ady lGo7.— Doc. Hist. X. Y. Hi. 119.

1657

1667

392 Ecclesiastical Recosds

Classis of Amsterdam.

Correspondence from America.

1657, July 31st.

J. T. Polhemus to the Classis of Amsterdam.

Reverend, Learned and Esteemed Gentlemen, the Preachers of
the Classis of Amsterdam, and dearly beloved Brethren in
the Lord: —

With respectful salutations and hearty thanks for all the favors
shown to my wife in my absence, I am glad to inform you here-
with, that she arrived here safely and in good health on the dth
of September. For this the good God be praised above all, and
then your Reverences, who have helped her. I wrote to you, to
her, and to others, in the year 1655, and am very sorry to learn,
that these letters have been kept back. But as I requested then,
so I entreat your Reverences now, that you will not interpret,
to my disadvantage, the circumstance that I had not written
sooner. The reason was, that I was uncertain about my remain-
ing here, and I was in doubt, whether I should not carry my
news myself. I had no idea, that there could be any dissatis-
faction with myself or my service. I also sent over my dismissal
(from Brazil) and my testimonials. ISTow, Reverend Brethren,
please not to give too much credence to backbiters; they are but
human. With God's help I shall give satisfaction to those who
watch here, as well as to your Reverences and to all pious people.
May the merciful God help us all. Herewith I commend your
Reverences, collectively and individually, to God's Almighty
keeping.

Your Reverences faithful and sincere servant,

J. T. Polhemus.
Midwout in ISTew I^Tetherland,

Ultimo July, 1657.

OF THE State of I^ew Yoek. 393

Correspondence from Anaerica.

1657, Aug. Sth.

Eevs. J. Megapolensis and S. Drisius to the Classis of Amsterdam.

P. S. Aug. 14.

Eeverend, Pious and Learned Gentlemen, Fathers and Brethren
in Christ Jesus : —

The letters of your Eeverences, of the 13th of June 1656, and
of the 15th of October of the same year have been received. We
were rejoiced to learn of the fatherly affection and care which
you show for the welfare of this growing congregation. We also
learned thereby of the trouble, you have taken with the Lords Di-
rectors, to prevent the evils threatened to our congregation by
the creeping in of erroneous spirits; and of your Reverences' de-
sire, to be informed of the condition of the churches in this coun-
try.

We answered you in the autumn of the year 1656, and ex-
plained all things in detail. To this we have as yet received no
reply, and are therefore in doubt, whether our letters reached
you. This present letter must therefore serve the same end.

The Lutherans here pretended, last year, that they had obtained
the consent of the Lords Directors, to call a Lutheran Pastor
from Holland. They therefore requested the Hon. Director and
the Council, that they should have permission, meanwhile, to hold
their conventicles to prepare the way for their expected and com-
ing pastor. Although they began to urge this rather saucily, we,
nevertheless, animated and encouraged by your letters, hoped for
the best, yet feared the worst, which has indeed come to pass.
For although we could not have believed that such permission had
been given by the Lords Directors, there nevertheless arrived here,
with the ship " Meulen. " (The ^lill) in July last, a Lutheran
preacher Joannes Ernestus Goetwater, to the great joy of the
Lutherans, but to the special displeasure and uneasiness of the

1657

1667

394 Ecclesiastical Records

congregation in this place ; yea, even the whole country including
the English, were displeased.

"We addressed ourselves, therefore, to his Honor, the Director-
General, the Burgomasters and Schepens (Aldermen) of this
place, and presented the enclosed petition. As a result thereof,
the Lutheran pastor was siunmoned before their Honors and
asked, with what intentions he had come here, and what com-
mission and credentials he possessed. He answered, that he had
come to serve here as a Lutheran preacher, but that he had no
other commission, than a letter from the Lutheran Consistory at
Amsterdam to the Lutheran congregation here. He was then
informed by the Hon. authorities here, that he must abstain from,
all church services, and from the holding of any meetings, and
not even deliver the letter, which he brought from the Lutherans
at Amsterdam without further orders ; but that he must regu-
late himself by the edicts of this Province against private con-
venticles. He promised to do this, adding, however, that with the
next ships he expected further orders and his regular commis-
sion. In the meantime, however, we had the snake in our bosom.
We would have been glad if the authorities here had opend that
letter of the Lutheran Consistoiy, to learn therefrom the secret
of his mission, but as yet they have not been willing to do this.

We then demanded that our authorities here should send back
the Lutheran preacher, who had come without the consent of the
Lords Directors, in the same ship in which he had come, in order
to put a stop to this work, which they evidently intended to prose-
cute with a hard Lutheran head, in spite of and against the will
of our magistrates; for we suspect that this one has come over to
see whether he can pass, and be allowed to remain here, and thus
to lay the foundation for further efforts ; but we do not yet know
what we can accomplish.

Domine Gideon Schaats wrote to you last year about the con-
gregation at Rensselaerswyck or Beverwyck, as he intends to do

OF THE State of ^N^ew York. 395

again. We know nothing othemvise than that the congregation
there is in a good condition; that it is growing vigorously, so that
it is almost as strong as we are here at the Manhatans. They
built last year a handsome parsonage. On the South River, mat-
ters relating to religion and the church have hitherto progressed
very unsatisfactorily; first because we had there only one little
fort, and in it a single Commissary, with ten to twenty men, all
in the Company's service, merely for trading with the Indians.
Secondly: In the year 1651 Fort jSTassau was abandoned and
razed, and another, called Fort Casemier, was erected, lower down
and nearer to the seaboard. This was provided with a stronger
garrison, and was reinforced by several freemen, who lived near it.

But the Swedes, increasing there in numbers, troubled and
annoyed our people daily. After they had taken Fort Casemier
from us, they annoyed our countrymen so exceedingly, that the
South River was abandoned by them. However in the year 1655
our people recovered Fort Casemier, and now it is held by a suf-
ficiently strong garrison, including several freemen, Avho also have
dwellings about. One was then appointed, to read to them on.
Sundays, from the Postilla. This is continued to this day. The
Lutheran preacher (Peter Iljort) who was there was returned to
Sweden.

Two miles from Forst Casemier, up the river, is another Fort,
called Christina. This was also taken by our people, at the same
time, and the preacher there (Xertunius) was sent away, mth
the Swedish garrison.

But because many Swedes and Fins, at least two hundred, live
above Fort Christina, two or three miles further up the river, the
Swedish Governor made a condition in his capitulation, that they
might retain one Lutheran preacher, (Lokenius) to teach these
people in their language. This was granted then the more easily.
First, because new troubles had broken out at Manhattan with
the Indian, it was desirable to shorten proceedings here and re-

1657

396 Ecclesiastical Records

turn to the Manhattans to put things in order there. Secondly
because there was no Reformed preacher here, nor any who
understood their language, to be located there.

This Lutheran preacher (Lokenius) is a man of impious and
scandalous habits, a wild, drunken, unmannerly clown, more in-
clined to look into the wine can than into the Bible. He would
prefer drinking brandy two hours to preaching one ; and when the
sap is in the wood his hands itch and he wants to fight whomso-
ever he meets. The Commandant at Fort Casimir, Jean Paulus
Jacquet, brother-in-law of Domine Casparus Carpentier, told us,
that during last spring this preacher was tippling with a smith,
and while yet over their brandy they came to fisticuffs, and beat
each others heads black and blue; yea, that the smith tore all
the clothing from the preachers body, so that this godly minister
escaped in primitive nakedness, and although so poorly clothed,
yet sought quarrels with others. Sed hoc parergiocos.

On Long Island there are seven villages, belonging to this
Province, of which three, Breuckelen, (Brooklyn) Amesfoort,
(Flatlands,) and Midwout (Flatbush) are inhabited by Dutch peo-
ple, who formerly used to come here (to ISTew Amsterdam) to
communion and other services to their great inconvenience. Some
had to travel for three hours to reach this place. Therefore,
when Domine Polheymus arrived here from Brazil, they called
him as preacher, which the Director-General and Council con-
firmed.

The four other \allages on Long Island, viz., Gravensand,
(Gravesend,) Middelburgh, (ISTewtOMm,) Ylissingen, (Flushing,)
and Heemstede are inhabited by Englishmen. The people of
Gravensand are considered Mennonites. The majority of them
reject the baptism of infants, the observance of the Sabbath, the
office of preacher, and any teachers of God's word. They say
that thereby all sorts of contentions have come into the world.
Whenever they meet, one or the other reads something to them.

OF THE State of ]^ew Yoek, 397

At Vlissingen, they formerly had a Presbyterian mmister
(Doughty) who was in agreement mth our own church. But at
present, many of them have become imbued with divers opinions
and it is with them " quot homines tot sententiae." They began
to absent themselves from the sermon and would not pay the
preacher the salai-y promised to him. He was therefore obliged
to leave the place and go to the English Virginias. They have
now been without a preacher for several years. Last year a
troublesome fellow, a cobbler from Ehode Island in JSTew Eng-
land, came there saying, he had a commission from Christ. He
began to preach at Vlissingen and then went with the people into
the river and baptized them. When this became known here, the
Eiscal went there, brought him to this place, and he was banished
from the Province.

At Middelburgh, alias E'ewtown, they are mostly Independents
and have a man, called Joannes Moor of the same way of think-
ing, who preaches there, but does not serve the sacraments. He
says, he was licensed in ISTew England to preach, but not author-
ized to administer the sacraments. He has thus continued for
some years. Some of the inhabitants of this village are Presby-
terians, but they cannot be supplied by a Presbyterian preacher.
Indeed, we do not know that there are any preachers of this de-
nomination to be found among any of the English of New Eng-
land.

At Heemstede, about seven Dutch miles (twenty one English
miles) from here, there live some Independents. There are also
many of our own church, and some Presbyterians. They have a
Presb}i;erian preacher, Richard Denton, a pious, godly and
learned man, who is in agreement with our church in everything.
The Independents of the place listen attentively to his sermons;
but when he began to baptize the children of parents, who are
not members of the church, they rushed out of the church.

On the west shore of the East River, about one mile beyond

1657

398 Ecclesiastic Ai. Records

Hellgate, as we call it, and opposite Flushing, is another English
village, called Oostdorp, which was begun two years ago. The in-
habitants of this place are also Puritans or Independents. !N^either
have they a preacher, but they hold meetings on Sunday, and
read a sermon of some English 'UT-iter, and have a prayer.

About eighteen (Dutch) miles (fifty four English miles) up the
l^orth River, half way between the Manhattans and Rensselaer
or Beverwyck, lies a place, called by the Dutch Esopus or Sypous,
and by the Indians, Atharhacton. It is an exceedingly fine coun-
try there. Thereupon some Dutch families settled there who are
doing very well. They hold Sunday meetings and then one or
the other of them reads from the Postilla.

Such is the condition of the church in our Province. To this
we must add, that, as far as we know, not one of all these places,
Dutch or English has a schoolmaster, except the Manhattans,
Beverwyck, and now also Eort Casimir on the South River. And
although some parents try to give their children some instruction,
the success is far from satisfactory, and we can expect nothing
else than young men of foolish and undisciplined minds. We see
at present no way of improving this state of affairs ; first, because
some of the villages are just starting, and have no means, the
people having come half naked and poor from Holland, to pay a
preacher and schoolmaster ; secondly, because there are few quali-
fied persons here who can or will teach.

We can say but little of the conversion of the heathens or In-
dians here, and see no way to accomplish it, until they are sub-
dued by the numbers and power of our people, and reduced to
some sort of civilization; and also unless our people set them a
better example, than they have done heretofore.

We have had an Indian here vdth us for about two years. He
can read and write Dutch very well. We have instructed him in
the fundamental principles of our religion, and he answers pub-
licly in church, and can repeat the Commandments. We have

OP THE State of Kew Yokk. 399

1667

given him a Bible, hoping he might do some good among the In-
dians, but it all resulted in nothing. He took to drinking brandy,
he pawned the Bible, and turned into a regular beast, doing more
harm than good among the Indians.

Closing we commend your Reverences to the gracious protec-
tion of the Almighty, whom we pray to bless you in the Sacred
Ministry. Vestri et officio et afFectu,

Johannes Megapolensis.

Samuel Drissius.
Amsterdam, in ISTew ISTetherland,
the 5th of August, 1657.

(Compare this translation with one found in Doc. Hist. N. Y.
iii. 69-72; 4to ed.)

[The following Postscript to the above letter, nine days after,
is not given in Documentary History. It is as follows : — ]

Reverend, Pious, Very Learned Fathers and Brethren in Christ : —
Just after closing our recent letter of August 5th, it happened
that on Augiist 6tli (or 12th) a ship came from the sea to this
place, and approached the Fort, having no flag flying from the
topmast, nor from any other place on the ship; only from the fore-
mast a small burgee floated to indicate the \\'ind. We could not
decide whether she was Dutch, French, or English. They fired
no salute before the fort, as is usual with ships on their arrival.
When the Fiscal went on board, they tendered him no honor or
respect. When the master of the ship came on shore and appeared
before the Director-General, he rendered him no respect, but stood
still with his hat firm on his head, as if a goat. The Director-
General could with difficulty get a word from any of them. Ho
only learned that they had come from London in about eight
weeks. When asked as to the condition of Holland, France, etc.,
hardly a word could l)e drawn from them. xVt last information
was gained that it was a ship ^nth Quakers on board. The fol-
lowing morning early they hoisted anchor and sailed eastward, to-

400 Ecclesiastical Records

1657

wards Hellgatej as we call it, in the direction of jSTew England.
We suppose they went to Ehode Island; for that is the receptacle
of all sorts of riff-raff people, and is nothing else than the sewer^
(latrina) of JSTew England. All the cranks of iSTew England retire
thither. "We suppose they will settle there, as they are not tol-
erated by the Independents in any other place. Last year there
also arrived at Boston, in l^ew England, several of these Quakers^
but they were immediately put in prison and then sent back in the
same ship. Probably fearing the same thing, these Quakers came
this way, and then passed on. But they did not pass from us so
hastily, as not to leave some evidences of their having been here,,
for they left behind two strong young women. As soon as the
ship had fairly departed, these began to quake and go into a
frenzy, and cry out loudly in the middle of the street, that men
should repent, for the day of judgment was at hand. Our people
not knowing what was the matter, ran to and fro, while one cried
" Eire ", and another something else. The Fiscal, with an ac-
companying officer, seized them both by the head, and led them
to prison. On their way to jail, they continued to cry out and
pray according to their manner, and continued to do the same
when in prison. We perceive from this circumstance that the
devil is the same everywhere. The same instruments which he
uses to disturb the churches in Europe, he employs here in Amer-
ica. We trust that our God will baffle the designs of the devil^
and preserve us in the truth, and bring to nothing these machina-
tions of Satan. Einally, we commend your Reverences to the pro-
tection of the Moat, High, while we beseech him to bless us all in
the ministry, to the edification of his church.

Your dutiful servants,
Joannes Megapolensis.
Samuel Drisius.
Amsterdam, in New Netherland,
August 14th, 1657.

or THE State of New Yoek. 401

1657, Aug. 10.

Evert Pietersen, Schoolmaster at South Kiver, Delaware, to the
Commissioiiers in Fort Amstel, South Eiver, 'New ISTether-
land.

We arrived here on April 25th (1657). I find twenty fami-
lies, mostly Swedes. ]^ot more than five or six families belong to
our nation. I have already begun to keep school, and have twenty
five children, etc.

Your Honor's most obedient servant,

Evert Pietersen.

1657, Aug. 12th.

Evert Pietersen to the Reverend, Learned, Pious Domine Hendric
Ruileus, minister of Jesus Christ in the flourishing congrega-
tion of the City of Amsterdam.

Domine Hendric Euileus :
Emanuel !

Reverend Brother in Christ Jesus. Wishing you all bodily
and spiritual blessing in Jesus Christ, I hope this will find you
and your family in good health. I thank the Lord heartily for
my own health. We have received very joyful news by the ships
which have arrived from the Fatherland at the Manhattans, or at
New Amstel. We learn " De Wagh " is coming with a galiot,
bringing about four hundred people, among whom is the preacher,
called Johannis (Everardus?) Weelius, and also ray son, Arent
E^ertsen, a miller who comes over as super cargo. It makes me
very glad, to see my children thus prospering. My son Jan Evert-
sen, goes daily to the office of the Director to write, for which he
receives his thanks. He is on the road to success. We look with
longing for the arrival of this ship " De Wagh " and trust that
under Divine Providence, we shall soon hear of her arrival. If
any mishap should befnll her, wo would suffer n groat famine this
26

1657

402 ECOLESIASTIOAL ReCOKDS

winter. I must further tell you, that I am engaged in keeping
school, with twenty five children in it; but I have no paper nor
pens for the use of the children, nor slates and pencils. As soon
as winter begins and they can no longer work on the soil, old and
young will come to school, and learn to read, write (and cipher).
But I have nothing, from which to teach them. To keep school
here, is something of a novelty, as it has not been done before.
The books mentioned on the enclosed memorandum, please to take
care that they be sent by the first ship, for I am especially in need
of them. Please to speak to van Beeck, as to the price at which
I am to sell them. Let the paper and books be packed separately,
for if they get into the Directors hands, we cannot get them.
I must also respectfully request you, to be kind enough to go with
my wife to van Beeck, and ask him to help her to get one hun-
dred and fifty guilders of my already earned wages, and which
must now stand to my credit; for I receive forty guilders per
month. This will assist her in making provision for the winter,
by buying meats, bacon, turf and wood. Otherwise she could not
get along decently with the children, but would perish in sorrow.
I have also written to van Beeck, that our steward, Cors. Jansen,
has robbed the magazine. He was caught at it by the soldiers and
banished from the river for twenty one years, and neither he nor
his children may enter into any public service. I expect a letter
from you next spring, with information in it of what our colonists
write home, as great complaints are heard here against our Di-
rector. He does not observe the ninth and twenty fifth articles;
for the colonists are obliged to buy everything at fixed prices, wljen
they need anything. They are also put on rations ; seven pounds
of bread ; four of wheat, two cups (pints) of ground barley ; one
cup of peas, one pound of codfish, per week; a child on half ra-
tions ; one quart of oil, half a pint of vinegar ; but the men, who
go to work in the woods daily, cannot live on this. Hence there is
a great deal of murmuring. One has written this, and another

OF THE &rATE OF N^EW YOKK. 403

1657

that, to their friends at home. So much discontent has been cre-
ated, that about thirty families, living at the Manhattans, who were
ready to come here to the South Eiver, have remained in their
places, because of the ill-intentioned writing from here, that the
people suffered hunger. I fear that such rumors circulating in
the Fatherland, will stay this good work. Write me also of the
war between the Swedes and Danes, and send a part of the
Gazettes, that I may have something else to read. Herewith clos-
ing and commending you to God's protection I salute you, with
your dear wife and children, most heartily. Please to send the
enclosed letter to my wife.

Your friend,

Mr. Evert Pietersen.
Dated the 12th of Augiist, 1657,
at Fort New Amstel, on the South Eiver
in New Netherland.

Synod of North Holland, at Haarlem.

1657, Aug. 13 et seq.
Art. 2. Register.

According to Article 55, of the preceding Synod: This speaks
of the well known Register-book, and refers to the inserting of
resolutions and apostillen in the Acta of Synod.

After this, it was resolved to hold this matter in abeyance, until
the respective Classes could bring in resolutions on that point to
this Synod at the beginning thereof. These having been read,
it was found that the Classes, by a majority of votes, declared
that henceforth the Register-book, as begun two years ago, (1655),
shall remain in esse; and that only the summaries of the Remon-
strances (Memorials) and Petitions shall be inserted in the Acta
of Synod ; but the resolutions and apostillen in plena forma.

1657

404 Ecclesiastical Records

Article 35.

Extracts concerning the state of the Indian and other foreign
churches, handed in to the Rev. Synod, and read by the Rev.
Classis of Amsterdam:

The Lutherans in ISTew ISTetherland, having attempted the pub-
lic exercises of their religion, have been opposed therein with good
endeavors, and not without fair success.

Sent to 'New ISTetherland as a minister. Rev. Everardus Welius^
in April 1657; as siekentrooster and school-master, Aert Pieter-
sen, in December 1658 (1656?)

Sent as siekentrooster to the East Indies, in October 1656,
John Walraven.

Father Simon Le Moyne.

, 1657, Aug. 26.

This Missionary, Pere Le Moyne,* had followed some Christian Hurons into
the Mohawk territory, and took occasion soon after to visit New Amsterdam,
for the purpose of affording spiritual comfort to the Catholics residing in that
city, as well as to some French sailors who had recently arrived with a prize
at that port. The Dutch, always alive to the extension of their commerce,
seized the occasion of this visit to demand permission to visit the St. Lawrence
for the purpose of trade, and solicit Le Moyne to represent their wishes to the
Governor of Canada. The Jesuit's representations were crowned with success.
The Canadian Governor consented that New Netherland vessels should hence-
forward resort to Quebec, on the same terms as French ships, with this reserve,
however, that the Dutch should not participate in the Indian trade, nor be

* " This Simon Le Moyne has been with Indians from the Indian country several
times at Fort Orange. At last he came here to the Jilauhattans, without doubt,
on account of tlie Papists residing here, and especially for the accommodatioa
of the French sailors, who are Papists, and who have arrived here with a good
prize." Rev. Domine Megapolensis to the Classis of Amsterdam. On his return
to Fort Orange, the Jesuit wrote three essays: 1. On the Succession of the
Popes; 2. On the Council; 3. On Heretics; which he sent to Rev. Mr. Megapo-
lensis with a letter commending them to his study, adding. " that Christ hanging
on the wood of the cross was still ready to receive his repentance," (or conver-
sion.) The Dutch Domine sent an answer by a yacht then on the eve of sailing
from New Amsterdam for Canada. But the vessel was lost, and so Pere Le
Moyne never received this reply to his " Catalogos." [See letter of Megapolensis
to Classis, Sept. 28, 1658, and also his reply to Le Moyne, a copy of which he
made and sent to Holland and is now in the Archives of General Synod — nine
closely written pages.] See letter of September 28, 1658.

OF THE State of I^ew York. 405

allowed the public exercise of their relation in that country. As this proviso
was merely a counterpart of the rules which the Dutch themselves prescribed
In their province, they did not object; on the contrary, they hastened to talie
advantage of the " happy and fortunate," circumstances, and prepared to " plough
with their craft " the waters of the St. Lawrence. — O'Callaghan's History of
New Netherland, vol. 11., 363.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Rev. Henr. Selyns.

1657, Sept. 3rd.

Rev. Henricus Seljns asks that he may be examined prepara-
toir (for licensure) This was granted him upon his praiseworthy
credentials ecclesiastical as well as academic. — vi. 74.

Rev. Henr. Selyns.

1657, Oct. 2nd.

Rev. Henricus Selyns having made his exposition, (preached
his sermon) on John 5 :39, Search the scriptures, etc. and hav-
ing then been examined in the principal articles of the Christian
Reformed Religion, gave such very great satisfaction to the Assem-
bly, both by his preaching and by his answers to the questions of
the Rev. Examiner, that he was admitted to the public ministry
(preaching) after the signing of the Acta (the Formulae) re-
quired.— vi. 79.

Petition of the Lutherans to the Governor and Council of
ITew ^NTetherland, Oct, 10, 1657.

To the ISToble Honorable Director-General, and the Council of New
N'etherland : —
With all due respect, we, the adherents of the Unaltered Augs-
burg Confession, here in New Netherland, and under the judisdic-
tion of the Lords Principals of the West India Company, hereby
show, that the Burgomasters of this City of Amsterdam in New
Netherland, have received an order from your Honors, first, by
the City Messenger Gysbert op Dyck, and shortly after by the
Honorable Fiscal, Nicasius de Sille, to the Rev. Master in The-

1657

406 Ecclesiastical Records

ologj, Johannis Ernestus Gutwasser, that lie must and shall de-
part in the ship, the "Waag", (the Balance), now ready to sail.
Wherefore, in paying our respects to your Honors, we beg to say
that in accordance with your Honors orders and public announce-
ments he has behaved as an honest man, and has never refused
obedience to your orders and edicts, but has always given good heed
to them; and we too, have behaved quietly and obediently, while
we expect from higher authority, the toleration of our religion —
that of the Unaltered Augsburg Confession, To this result we
still look forward after receipt of another letter to us.

We humbly supplicate your Honors, that the sudden orders,
the one by the City Messenger, and the other by the Fiscal, to
Domine Johannis Ernestus Goetwasser, may be revoked by your
Honors, until we receive further orders from their High Mighti-
nesses, our sovereigns, and from the Noble Lord Directors of the
Privileged West India Company. Remaining your Honors' faith-
ful and watchful (servants) and good Christians, all adherents
of the Unaltered Augsburg Confession, and having been admitted
into New Netherland, we, in the absence of the others, have signed
this petition: Mattheus Capito, Christian Niesen, Harmen Edu-
warsen, Hans Dreper, Lourens Andriesen, Luycas Dircksen, XX
Jan Jansen, XX Jochem Beeckman, Andries Rees, Luycas Elder-
sen, Harmen Jansen, Jan Cornelisse, Davidt Wessels, Hans Sille-
javck, Hendrick Hendricksen, XX Meyndert Barentsen, Harmen
Smeeman, Cristian Barentsen, George Hanel, Pieter Jansen, XX
Winckelhoeck, Claes de Wit, XX Jacob Elders, Hendrick Wil-
lemee. We await your Honors favorable decision. Amsterdam,
in New Netherland, this 10th day of October, Anno 1657.

As answer this may serve: that the Director-General and the
Council do not recognize the Unaltered Augsburg Confession,
much less any of the adherents of it. They confirm, therefore,
hereby, their order and resolution of the 4th of September, sent
to Johannis Ernestus Goetwasser, who calls himself a Lutheran

OF THE State of ]^ew York. 407

1657

preacher, at Amsterdam, in 'New ISTetherland. Since that order,
five or six weeks ago, two ships have sailed, on board of one of
which the said Goesswater was ordered to depart. x\s he has
treated the order of this Provincial Government with contempt,
he is hereby once again commanded to leave with one of the ships
now ready to sail. The Director-General and Council consider
this necessary for the glory of God, for the success of the Re-
formed Religion, and the common quiet, peace and harmony of
this Province. Thus done at the meeting of the Honorable Di-
rector-General and the Council, held at Fort Amsterdam in New
ISTetherland on the 16th of October 165Y. By order of the Hon.
Director-General and Council aforesaid.

C. V. Ruyven, Secretary.

Having compared the foregoing petition and order, it is found

correct.

C. V. Ruyven, Secretary.

Rev. J. H. Gutwasser, Lutheran Minister^ to the Governor

AND Council.

1657, Oct. 15th.

To the jSToble, Honorable Director-General and the Honorable
Council of New Netherland : —
In answer to the repeated verbal and written denunciations or
orders to me, to depart from here within three times twenty four
hours, I wish humbly to submit to your Honors for your favor-
able hearing and decision, a very few points, as follows :

1. That I do not deny your Honors' declaration, as expressed,
that I desire to be free from charges of disobedience.

2. But also I do not consent to defend myself in such a troubled
state of conscience.

3. Therefore I would like to know, why this order has been
issued against me.

4. For I have exhibited my passports, and therewith the per-
mission of the Lords Directors, who promise me still other favors.

1657

403 Ecci^siASTiCAL Records

5. The special permission from your Honors, to live here, as a
free student is nowhere canceled.

6. What has been asked, is, will and shall be mediis lieites via
consessa et at competentis personas, also done here.

Y. I have behaved myself here in such a way that I cannot be
accused of Crimen Laesae Majestatis.

8. ISTeither shall any evil be done by me hereafter.

9. While I am waiting for further orders from Holland, ac-
cording to promise.

10. I find myself worried about my affairs ; for I cannot wisely
handle my property, scattered here and there, in obedience to your
sudden order. I am also of opinion, that much depends on my
reputation and habits (fama et vita), which would be endangered
by the order given me, and which your Honors must also consider.

I desire to inform your Honors, as to my humble opinions on
few points; Your Honors will please to consider justly the fore-
going points, and not carry out their unexpected sentence against
me. Awaiting your Honors' favorable decision,
Amsterdam in l^ew !N^etherland, the 15th of October 1657.

Your IToble Honors,

John Ernestus Gutwasser.

The foregoing request was handed in to the meeting of Di-
rector-General and Council and having been read, the following
decision was given.

The petitioner, who forgets himself and the truth, is reminded,
that the order for his departure was served upon him five or six
weeks ago, and sent in writing. Since that time two ships have
sailed. In one of these he ought to have left, according to order,
but the petitioner has neglected to do this, in contempt of the
government. He is once more commanded to obey said order by
going in one of the two ships about to sail; especially as the Di-
rector-General and Council consider it necessary for the honor of
God, the advancement of the Reformed Religion, and the common

OF THE State of JSTew Yoke. 409

quietness, peace and harmony of this place. Thus done at Fort
Amsterdam in !N"ew jSTetherland, the 16th of October, Anno 1657.
By order of the Honorable Director-General and Council;

C. V. Kuyven, Secretary.

Correspondence from America.

165Y, Oct. 25th.

Eevs. Megapolensis and Drisius to the Classis of Amsterdam.
Brethren in Christ : —

Since our last letter, which we hope you are receiving about
this time, we have sent in a petition, in relation to the Lutheran
minister, Joannes Ernestus Gutwasser. Having marked this on it3
margin, we have sent it to the Rev. Brethren of the Classis. We
hope that the Classis will take care that, if possible, no other
(minister) be sent over, as it is easier to send out an enemy than
afterward to thrust him out. We have the promise that the magis-
trates here will compell him to leave with the ship De Wage. It
is said that there has been collected for him at Fort Orange a
hundred beaver skins, which are valued here at eight hundred
guilders, and which is the surest pay in this country. What has
been collected here, (at New Amsterdam), we cannot tell. Our
magistrates have forbidden him to preach, as he has received no
authority from the Directors for that purpose. Yet we hear that
the Hon. Directors at Amsterdam gave him permission to come
over. We have stated in a previous letter the injurious tendency
of this with reference to the prosperity of our church.

Lately we have been troubled by others. Sometime since, a
shoemaker, leaving his wife and children, came here and preached
in conventicles. He was fined, and not being able to pay, was
sent away. Again a little while ago there arrived here a ship with
Quakers, as they are called. They went away to New England,
or more particularly, to Rhode Island, (a place) of errorists and
enthusiasts. It is called by the English themselves the Latrina
of New England. They left several behind them here, who labored

1657

410 Ecclesiastical Records

1657

to create excitement and tumult among the people, — particularly
two women, the one about twenty, and the other about twenty
eight. These were quite outrageous. After being examined and
placed in prison, they were sent away. Subsequently a young
man at Hempstead, an English town under the government, aged
about twenty three or twenty four years, was arrested, and brought
thence, seven (Dutch) miles, (twenty one English miles.) He
had pursued a similar course and brought several under his influ-
ence. The magistrate, in order to repress the evil in the begin-
ning, after he had kept him in confinement for several days, ad-
judged that he should either pay one hundred guilders or work
at the wheelbarrow (Kruywagen) two years with the negroes.
This he obstinately refused to do, though whipped on his back.
After two or three days he was whipped in private on his bare
back, with threats that the whipping would be repeated again after
two or three days, if he should refuse to labor. Upon this a letter
was brought by an unknown messenger from a person unknown to
the Director-General. The import of this, (written in English),
was, Think, my Lord-Director, whether it be not best to send him
to Rhode Island, as his labor is hardly worth the cost. Since the
arrival of De Wage from the South River (the Director?) has
again written to Joannes Ernestus Gutwasser to go away. On
this he presented a petition, a copy of which is herewith trans-
mitted, as also a copy (signed by) several of the Lutheran denomi-
nation. "We observe that it is signed by the least respectable of
that body, and that the most influential among them were un-
willing to trouble themselves with it. Some assert that he has
brought with him authority from the West India Company to act
as minister. Whether dismission and return will take place with-
out trouble remains to be seen. We are at this time in great want
of English ministers. It is more than two years since Mr. Doughty,
of Flushing which is a town here, went to Virginia, where he is
now a preacher. He left because he was not well supported. On
Oct. 13, Mr. Moore, of Middleburg, which is another town here,
died of a pestilential disease, which prevailed in several of our

OF THE State of ITew York. 411

English towns, and in 'Nevf England. He left a widow with seven
or eight children. A year before, being dissatisfied with the
meagre and irregular payments from his hearers, he went to Bar-
badoes, to seek to find another place. Mr. Richard Denton, who
is sound in faith, of a friendly disposition, and beloved by all,
cannot be induced by us to remain, although we have earnestly
tried to do this in various ways. He first went to Virginia to seek
a situation, complaining of lack of salary, and that he was getting
in debt, but he has returned thence. He is now fully resolved
to go to old England, because his wife, who is sickly, will not
go without him, and there is need of their going there, on account
of a legacy of four hundred pounds sterling, lately left by a de-
ceased friend, and which they cannot obtain except by their per-
sonal presence. At Gravesend there never has been a minister.
Other settlements, yet in their infancy, as Aernem, have no min-
ister. It is therefore to be feared that errorists and fanatics may
find opportunity to gain strength. We therefore request you, Rev.
Brethren, to solicit the Hon. Directors of the West India Com-
pany, to send over one or two English preachers, and that direc-
tions may be given to the magistracy that the money paid by the
English be paid to the magistrate, and not to the preacher, which
gives rise to dissatisfaction, and that at the proper time, any ex-
isting deficiency may be supplied by the Hon. Directors. Other-
wise we do not see how the towns will be able to obtain ministers,
or if they obtain them, how they will be able to retain them. Com-
plaints continually reach us about the payment of ministers.
!N'evertheless in ISTew England, there are few places without a
preacher, although there are many to\ras stretching for more than
one hundred Dutch miles (three hundred English miles) along
the coast. Hoping that by God's blessing and your care something
may be effected in this matter, we remain,

Your friends and fellow laborers,

Johannes Megapolensis.
Manhattans, Samuel Drisius.

Oct. 22, 1657.

1657

412 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

Eev. Brethren : —

Since the writing of the above letter, and before sealing it, we
have learned from the Hon. Directors and the Fiscal, that Joannes
Ernestus Gutwasser is not to be found, that his bedding and books
were two days ago removed, and that he has left our jurisdiction.
Still it is our opinion that he remains concealed here, in order to
write home, and make his appearance (as if) out of the Father-
land; and to persevere with the Lutherans in his efforts. We
therefore hope and pray that you may, if possible, take measures
to prevent this.
Oct. 25, 165Y. Samuel Drisius.

To the Eev. Learned, etc.,
the Deputies ad res Indicas
of the Classis of Amsterdam.

(Kames of Dutch immigrants for 1657. Doc. Hist. ]!T. Y.
iii. 33.)

Remonstrance of the Inhabitants of Flushing, L. L, Against
THE Law Against Quakers and Subsequent Proceedings by
THE Government Against Them and Others Favoring
Quakers.

Right Honorable. Tou have been pleased to send up unto us a certain Pro-
hibition or Command, that wee shoulde not receive or entertalne any of those
people called Quakers, because thay are supposed to bee by some seducers of the
people; for our parte wee cannot condem them in this case, neither can wee
stretch out our hands against them to punish, bannish or persecute them, for out
of Christ, God is a consuming fire, and it Is a fearful thing to fall into the"
handes of the liveing God; wee desire therefore In this case not to judge least wee
be judged, neither to Condem least wee bee Condemed, but rather let every man
stand and fall to his own. Maister wee are bounde by the Law to doe good unto
all men, especially to those of the Household of faith; and though for the present
wee seeme to bee unsensible of the law and the Lawgiver; yet when death and the
Law assault us: if we have (not) our advocate to seeke, who shall plead for us in
this case of Conscience betwixt God and our own soules; the powers of this world
can neither attack us neither excuse us, for if God justify who can Condem, and
if God Condem there is none can justifye; and for those Jealowsles and suspitions
which some haue of them that they are destructive unto Magistracy and Ministry
that cannot bee; for the Magistrate hath the Sword in his hand and the Minister
hath the Sword In his hand as witnesse those tow great examples which all
Maiestrates and Ministers are to follow M (oses) and Christ; whom God raised
up Maintained and defended against all the Enemies both of flesh and spirit, and
therefore that wich is of God will stand, and that which Is of man will (come) to

OF THE State of ISTew Yokk.

413

1658

noethlng: and as the Lord hath taught Moses, or the Civlll power, to give an
outward llbertle In the State by the law written in his heart designed (for) the
good of all and can truly Judge who is good and who is evill, who is true and who
is false, and can pass deflnltiue sentence of life or (death) against that man which
rises up against the fundamental law of the States Generall, soe (he) hath made
his Ministers a savor of life unto (life?), and a savor of death unto death.

The law of lone, peace and iibertie In the states extending to Jews, Turks and
Egyptians, as they are considered the sonnes of Adam, which is the glory of the
outward State of Holland; so loue, peace and iibertie extending to all in Christ
Jesus, Condems hatred, warre and bondage; and because our Savior saith It Is
impossible but that offence will come, but woe be unto h'im by whom they
Commeth, our desire is not to offend one of his little ones in whatsoever forme,
name or title hee appreares in, whether Presbyterian, Independent, Baptist or
Qualier; but shall be glad to see anything of God in any of them: deslreing to doe
unto all men as wee desire all men should doe unto us, which is the true law both
of Church and State; for our Saviour saith this is the Law and the Prophets;
Therefore if any of these said persons come in loue unto us, wee cannot in Con-
science lay violent hands upon them, but give them free Egresse into our Towne
and howses as God shall perswade our Consciences; and in this we are true sub-
jects both of the Church and State; for wee are bounde by the law of God and
man to do good unto all men, and evill to no man; and this is according to the
Pattent and Charter of our Towne given unto us in the name of the States Gen-
erall which we are not willing to infringe and violate but shall hold to our pattent
and shall remaine your Humble Subjects the Inhabitants of Vlishing; written the
27th of December in the Yeare 1657 by mee

The Marke

The Marke
The Marke

Edward Heart, Clericus.

Tobias Peake,
of William Noble,

William Thorne, Sr.
of William Thorne, Jr.

Edward Tarne?

John Storer,

Nathaniel Heflferd,

Benjamin Hubbard,
of William Pidgion,
of George Clere,

Ellas Doughtie,

Antonie Peild,

Richard Stocton,

Edward Grifflne,

Nathaniel Tue,

Nicolas Blackford,
of Micah Tue,
of Phlllpp Ud,

Edward Ffarlngton,

Robert Ffleld, Sr.

Robert Ffleld, Jr.

Nick Colas Parsell,

Michael Milner,

Henry Towiiseud,

George Wright,

John Foard,

Henry Samtell,

Edward Heart,

John Mastlne,

John Towuesend.

First of January, 1658.

1658

414 EcciiESiASTiCAL Recokds

The foregoing remonstrance delivered to tiis Honor, the Director General, by the
Schout, Tobias Feake of Vlissingen, on the 29th of December, having read, his-
Honor immediately ordered the Fiscal to arrest the said Schout, which was done.

On the first of January 1658, summoned by their Honors, the Director General
and Council, appeared Edward Farrington and William Noble, two of the Magis-
trates of Vlissingen, who likewise signed the foregoing remonstrance and were
immediately arrested. It was further resolved, to summon also the Clerk of the
said village Edward Hart. Date as above.

Thursday, the 3rd of January 1658.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 402, 403, 404.— We
omit the Cross-Examination. pp. 404-409.

Court Minutes of !N^ew Amsterdam.

1658, January 21.
Proclamation of a Day of Prayer for March 13.

The Honorable Nicasius de Sille brought into Court the Proclamation of the day
of Prayer, and it is read from the City Hall after the usual ringing of the bell; in
terms as follows: —

Honorable and well beloved.

Notwithstanding the good and all merciful God has favoured and blessed this
newly rising Province in general and its Inhabitants in particular with many and
innumerable mercies and benefits; amongst others with health, peace and pros-
perity, abundance, remarkable increase of population and trade, and what is to be
valued above all, with the free and public exercise of the pure worship of God;,
Yet, we, either enjoying the same thanklessly, or abusing them unworthily, have
by the ungrateful use of bodily, or the unworthy abuse of spiritual benefits, pro-
voked God's rigorous justice, exciting his Divine Majesty — never suflSciently
honored — to righteous anger, of which he hath shewn us not only palpable signs,
but has caused us also to witness evident proofs; He hath visited near and remote
places, towns and hamlets with hot fevers and dangerous diseases, as a chastise-
ment if not punishment of the thankless use of temporal blessings; permitting and
allowing the Spirit of Error to scatter its injurious passion amongst us, in spiritual
matters here and there, rising up and propagating a new unheard of, abominable
Heresy, called Quakers; seeking to seduce many, yea, were it possible, even the
true believers — all signs of God's just judgement and certain forerunners of severe
punishment.

To ward these off from us and our's and to obtain God's favours, benefits and
blessings for us as well in temporal as in spiritual matters, the Director General
and Council of New Netherland, have deemed it good and needful to prescribe and
publish a Day of General Fast and Thanksgiving to be observed on the second
Wednesday of the month of March, being the 13th of said month.

We therefore charge our subjects to repair on the fore and afternoon of the
aforesaid day to Church or where God's Word is usually preached in order, after
hearing the same, to praise and thank the all good and merciful God, for the
favors, blessings and benefits, which his Divine Majesty hath been pleased to confer
on us during the last year, yea, in the whole course of our lives, and further to
supplicate, pray and implore His Holy Name, with humble and contrite hearts, that
his Divine Majesty would be pleased to continue the same to us, the ensuing year,
to the Honour of His Name, to the furtherance and propagation of the Gospel, and
the prosperity and salvation of us all.

That this may be performed with great devotion and unity, the Director General
and Council prohibit, during divine service on the said day of Prayer and Thanks-
giving, all exercises and amusements, tennis, ballplaying, hunting, fishing, sailing;
also all unlawful plays such as gaming, dice playing, drunkenness and such like,
on pain of arbitrary punishment and correction previously enacted against the

OF THE State of New York. 415

same. We also admonish and require all Ministers within our jurisdiction to frame
their prayers and sermons to the said end. Thus done in our Assembly holden In
Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland the 21st January Anno 1658.

Was undersigned, P. Stuyvesant.

Lower Stood, By Order of the Honorable Director

General and Council of New Netherland.

C. V. Ruyven, Secretary.
— Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. ii. pp. 346, 347.

Sentence of Tobias Feaks, Schout of Flushing, for Harbor-
ing Quakers.

Whereas Tobias Feaks, a resident of Vllssingen on Long Island now a prisoner,
has confessed and acknowledged, that he received an order from the Honorable
Director General, not to admit, lodge and entertain in the said village any one of
the heretical and abominable sect called Quakers, but has nevertheless had the
audacity, in contempt of the said order and formerly published and renewed
placats, to be a leader and instigator in the conception of a seditious, mutinous and
detestable letter of defiance (chartebel) signed by himself and his complices and by
him retained and then delivered to the Director General, wherein they justify and
uphold the abomniable sect of Quakers, who vilify both the political authorities and
the Ministers of the Gospel, and undermine the State and God's service, and abso-
lutely demand, that all sects, especially the said abominable and heretical sect of
Quakers shall and must be tolerated and admitted; all of which is directly contrary
and repugnant to the above referred to orders and placats of the Director General
and Council, which he pursuant to his oath, official position and duty, as a sub-
ordinate officer of the Director General and Scout in the said village of Vllssingen,
should by all means have upheld and enforced.

But whereas he has herein not only failed, but has himself transgressed and dis-
obeyed, for which as an example to others he deserves severe punishment; yet con-
sidering the humble petition of the prisoner Feaks, confessing his wrong doing and
promising hereafter to avoid such errors:

Therefore the Director General and Council of New Netherland, administering the
law in the name of their High: Might: the Lords States General of the United
Netherlands, and the Lords Directors of the Trivlleged West India Company, first
dismiss the said Tobias Feaks from his otfice as Scout of the said village of Vlls-
singen, and banish him from this Province of New Netherland; or to pay a fine of
two hundred florins to be applied as directed by law. If he will keep his promise,
together with the costs and niises of law.

Done at Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland the 28th of January 1658.

P. Stuyvesant.
Pieter Tonueman.
— Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 409.

Petition of the Magistrates of Midwout, (Flatbush, L. I.)
AS to the Disposition to be Made of the Churchland and
Order of Council Thereon.

To their Noble Very Worshipful Honors, Petrus Stuyvesant and the High Council
of New Netherland. Show with due humility and reverence the Schepons of the
Court of Midwout, that heretofore they have several times requested and shown,
how necessary and useful in easing th(> burdens of the village and the congregation
the four Church lots would be, If granted to the village of Midwout; whereupon at
last your Honors directed, that a further report In writing and a statement of the
manner, In which the said Church lots were to be administered, was required.

1658

416 Ecclesiastical Records

We submit therefore to your Honors as our report and further explanation: we
believe, under correction, that the best measures for the advantage of the con-
gregation and the village of Midwout are as stated here below:

First. That twenty five morgens with their appurtenances lying on the east side
of the plain and south side of the road be used for the repairs and maintenance of
the Church.

Second. That another lot of twenty five morgens lying also on the east side of
the market place and north side of the road with their appurtenances and privileges
be used for the support of a school, divine service etc. If your Honors approve and
consent, the necessary means thereto shall be found.

Third. The remaining fifty morgens lying on the west side should necessarily be
added to the parsonage, but we cannot well decide, which is the most requisite and
best use for them. The further explanation of this point, quite lengthy, is sub-
stantially a request to be excused from contributing to the support of their Minister,
until the tithes for their village became due; I have abbreviated it here, because
the deputies from Midwout took the petition and answer directly away and I had
therefore no time to copy it entirely. It was signed Jan Strycker, Adriaen Hege-
man, Willem Jacobse van Boerum and below stood By order of the Schepens of the
Court of Midwout, Pieter Tonneman, Secretary.

Having received and read the foregoing petition the following answer was given:

We consent to the first two points regarding the lots and allow, that they be used
for the purposes and no other, which the petitioners propose and submit.

The Director General and Council agree, that the remaining two lots or fifty
morgens be used for the parsonage, to support as far as they will go, the present
and future Ministers.

The Director General and Council are of opinion, that the deficiency must bd
made up by the inhabitants according to their former promises and subscriptions
and continue so, until the tithes are due, when further orders concerning the sup-
port of the Minister shall be given.

Thus done in Council held at Fort Amsterdam in New Netheriand the 29th of
January 1658.

P. Stuyvesant.
Nicasius de Sille, P. Tonneman.
— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 410.

Order on a Petition of Domine Polhemius, Minister at Mid-
wout, Long Island, Concerning His Salary.

January 29, 1658.

Received and read the remonstrance and request of Domine Johannes Theodorus
Polheym, preacher at Midwout, etc., on Long Island, who shows, that from the
month of October 1654 to the 7th of April 1656, the date of his agreement with
th^ inhabitants of the villages of Breuckelen, Midwout and Amesfoort, he has had
charge as pastor of the congregation and performed the duties connected with It as
well as he could, without however receiving from the inhabitants of said villages
any remuneration for it. Having arrived here from the Islands poor and without
means he has been compelled to draw, with the knowledge of Director General and
Council, from the Company's warehouse and office the necessaries of life, amount-
ing now to nine hundred and forty two florins. He requests therefore, that this
sum might be balanced against his services performed during the time, as above
stated, when he received no salary, so that his wife and children might not be|
troubled or asked to pay it at some future time.

Having taken this into consideration and being well aware, that the laborer is
worthy of his hire, that the petitioner served as pastor in the said villages from
the year 1654 to the 7th of April 1656, without receiving any pay from the in-

OF THE State of ISTew York. 417

habitants. The aforesaid amount of fl 942.6. — Is placed to his credit and the
book-keeper is directed to discharge this account for so much and to balance the
amount against the service, performed by the petitioner.
Date as above. p. Stuyvesant.

— Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 411, 412.

Classis of Amsterdam.
Acts of the Deputies. Meeting of Feb. llth, 1658. Rev. Mr.
Carpentier in the Chair.
A certain letter from the Eev. Mr. Schaats, pastor at Fort Or-
ange, in ISTew ISTetherland, was read. His Rev. therein gives notice
that the time of his service has expired. He complains of the
limited salary, but is well inclined to continue in his charge, pro-
vided the salary can be somewhat increased. Resolved, That the
Patroons of the colony of Rensselaerswyck be consulted in ref-
erence to this whole matter. This was done. The brethren found
affairs in such a condition, that nothing of consequence could at
present be done for us in this case. xx. 383.

Administrative Minutes of New Amsterdam.

1658, Feb. 26.
Election of Churchmaster and Orphan-master.
Extract from the Register of the Resolutions of the Honorable
Director General and Councillors of New Netherland adopted in
their Honorable Court Tuesday, 26th February Anno 1658. "*

Whereas one Orphan Master and one Church Master have
served out their time, and Burgomasters of this City have there-
fore nominated and proposed a double number of persons, with
request that Director General and Council should therefrom se-
lect others in place of the retiring: The Director General and
Council of ISTew ISTetherland do therefore elect and confirm from
the nominated, instead of the retiring

As Orphan Master :

Wilhelmus Beeckman.

As Church Master:

Hendrick Jansen vander Yin.

1658

418 Ecclesiastical Recobds

Thus done at the Assembly of the Honorable Director General
and Council aforesaid in Fort Amsterdam in 'New Netherland.
Ady, as above.

Agrees with the aforesaid Resolution.

C. Van Ruyven, Secretary.

Thursday, 28th February 1658. In the City Hall. Present
the Heeren Paulus Leendertsen van der Grift, Olof Stevensen
Cortlant.

Wbereas to the Court is exhibited the election made by Direc-
tor General and Council of the succeeding Orphan Master and
Churchmaster in place of the retiring: The elected Wilhelmus
Beeckman as Orphan Master and Hendrick Jansen van der Yin as
Churchmaster are sent for to Court, who appearing are informed
thereof and are accepted by the Burgomasters and wished luck in
their office.

Records of i^ew Amsterdam, Vol. vii. p. 175.

CouET MI^"UTES OF Xew Amsterdam.

Jacob van Corlaer not Allowed to Teach School.

To the Right Honorable Director General and Councillors of New Netherland.
Right Honorable Sirs,

The Burgomasters and Schepens of the City of Amsterdam in New Netherland
represent with all respect, that some Burghers and Inhabitants of the abovenamed
City have presented a certain petition to this Court whereunto copy Is hereunto
annexed, remonstrating that your Honors were pleased to notify Jacob Corlaar,
through the Fiscal Nicasius de Sille, not to keep any school; and as they the
petitioners find themselves greatly interested thereby, inasmuch as their children
forget, what the abovenamed Jacob van Corlaar had to their great satisfaction
previously taught them in reading, writing and cyphering, which was much more
than any other person, no one excepted; therefore they request that the above
named Corlaar may be allowed again to keep school; and although the abovenamed
Burgomasters and two Schepens have spoken verbally thereon to your Honors and
your Honors were not pleased to allow it, for reasons thereunto moving your
Honors; they therefore, in consequence of the humble supplication of the Burghers
and Inhabitants aforesaid, again request that your Honors may be pleased to per-
mit the abovenamed Corlaar again to keep school, which doing, we remain your
Honors Subjects,

The Burgomasters and Schepens.

In Amsterdam in New Netherland the 5th March, 1C5S.

By order of the Burgomasters and Schepens of the City aforesaid.

Joannes Nevius, Secretary.

OF THE State of New York. 419

On the 20th March received the apostllle of the petition which read as followe: —
School teaching and the Induction of School Masters depends absolutely from the
Jus Patronatus, by virtue of which the Director General and Council for pregnant
reasons Interdicted Jacob van Corlaar, he having presumed to take such on himself
without their Order. To which order and resolution they still adhere. Done
Fortress Amsterdam In New Netherland the 19th March, 1658.
By order of the Honorable Director General and Council of New Netherland.

C. V. Ruyven, Secretary.
— Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. U. p. 348.

Council Minute Schoolmaster ;

Tuesday, March 19, 1658.

Received the petition of the Burgomasters and Sebepens of this City requesting
that Jacobus van Corlear, to whom on the 19th of February last the Director
General and Council forbade to keep school, may receive permission to keep school.

It was decreed: To keep a school and aitpoint a schoolmaster depends absolutely
from the jus patronatus, in virtue whereof the Director General and Council have
for good reasons forbidden It to Jacobus van Corlear, who arrogated the same to
himself without their order; and they persist In their resolution and Interdict.
Date as above. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 412.

Council Minute. The School of Jacobus van Corlear

Tuesday March 26, 1668.

Received the petition of Jacobus van Corlear, asking permission to keep a school
In this City for the Instruction of children in reading, writing, etc.

For weighty reasons the Director General and Council decree: Nihil. Done at
Amsterdam In New Netherland, date as above.

Received and read the remonstrance of Peter Tonueman as Schout of the village
of Brouckelen, who complains of having received bad treatment, when demanding
the long due salary of Domine Polhemlus from Lodewyck — , Jan Martyn, Nlcoiaea
the Frenchman, Abraham the mulatto and Gerrlt the wheelwright..

The following order was thereupon sent out:

By order of the Director General and Council of New Netherland, Lodewyck — ,
Jan Martyn, Nlcolaes the Frenchman, Abraham the Mulatto and Gerrlt the wheel-
wright are hereby cited and summoned to appear at Fort Amsterdam on the 2n(l
of A[iril next and to hear the complaint and demand for punishment, which the
Fiscal shall ex officio bring forward against him. Date as above. — Col. Docs. N. Y.
xlv. 413, 414.

Director Aldriciis to P. Stuyvesant.

March 30, 1658.

The prescribed day of fasting, prayer and thanksgiving has been observed here
on the 13th of March, also on the following day with a sermon, to celebrate it, by
the preacher Melius, (Wellus), who, for that purpose was fetched to Altena by the
Commissary: which was done. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xll. 208.

1668

1658

420 Ecclesiastical Records

Oath Taken by the Swedish ISTation, on the South Riveb.

April, 1658.

We promise and swear in ttie presence of Almiglity God, tlaat we will be and"
remain loyal and faithful to their Noble High Mightinesses, the Lords States Gen-
eral of the United Netherlands, the Noble Lord Directors of the General Privileged
West India Company, also to their Honorable Director General, already appointed
or in the future to be appointed; that we will obey and respect and honor them, as
It becomes honest and good subjects, as long as we continue in this province of
New Netherland.

So truly help us God Almighty.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xii. 212.

Sentence of the Persons, Who Refused to Contribute to
the Salary of Domine Polhemius.

April 2, 1658.

Pursuant to the order of the Director General and Council, dated the 26th of
March, Jan Martyn, Nicolaes the Frenchman, Abraham Jansen, called the Mulatto,
appeared before the Council, being the persons, who on several occasions, about
seven or eight times, have been called upon ' by the Schout of the village of
Breuckelen, Peter Touneman, and in his behalf by the Court messenger SimoD)
Joosten, and have each been asked, to contribute six guilders for the support of
Domine Polhemius, the preacher on Long Island, according to the levy, ordered by
the Court of Breuckelen and approved by the Director General and Council; they
have behaved very insolently and stubbornly, making none but frivolous excuses,
one for instance, that he was a Catholic, the other, that he did not understand
Dutch, etc. Therefore the Fiscal demanded, that the aforesaid persons should be
condemned to pay a considerable fine.

The Director General and Council, after mature consideration of the merits of the
case, and after having heard the answer of the accused, found them guilty and
sentenced them, as a warning example to others, to pay instead of six guilders
twelve into the hands of the said Schout Tonneman, before leaving the Manhattans.
Date as above.

Whereas besides the abovenamed persons Gerrit the wheelwright and Lodewyck
Jongh were also summoned, but did not appear; the Fiscal is ordered to summon
them once more, to appear at the next session of the Court. Date as above. — Col.
Docs. N. Y. xiv. 414.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.
Letters from New J^etherland; from Xew Amsterdam.

1658, April 2nd.
Rev. Deputati relate further that they have received some let-
ters from New ISTetherland, telling about the condition of the
Church there, and the efforts of the Consistory, and of Director
Stuyvesant, against the Lutherans and Quakers, who now and
then immigrate there in great numbers. There are also some re-
quests that they may be seconded in their efforts, especially

OF THE State of jSTew York. 421

against one Goetwater, Lutheran minister there; that these letters
were handed them by the Directors of the West India Company^
with the request that they, too, might have the perusal of them,
or a copy of the same. It was resolved in regard to the request
of the Directors, that the Rev. Deputati shall first inform them
of the contents of the letters orally ; but if the perusal of the let-
ters be insisted on, to grant this to the Directors. For the rest
the Revs. Deputati shall comply as much as possible with the re^
quest of the brethren there.

From New Amstel.

There was handed in also a letter from ISTew Amstel, from Rev.
Everhard Welius, in which he presents the condition of the
church, and requests that he may be provided, by the Directors
of the Colony, with a clock and hour glass, needed for the ac-
commodation of their meetings ; the M.M. Directors will be spoken
to about this, by the Rev. Deputati. vi. 94, 95; xix. 50.

Letter from Father Simon Le Moyne, S. J., to Director
Stuyvesant, Transmitting a Letter from the Marquis de
Daillebout, Governor of Canada.

The 7th of April 1658.
Very Illustrious Sir:

I send you with my love a letter received in Quebec, which though written In
French is sincere and friendly. He who signed his name to It, a very noble and
also learned man, Lord Dnlllcbout, did not wish, I think, to write In Latin, be-
cause perhaps more among you know French, than Latin, anyway because it treats
of a matter concerning the French and those, who love the French only.

Furthermore he wrote It, who to-day acts as the deputy of our absent Viceroy
and who some time was himself Viceroy.

May it therefore bring happy, beneficial and fortunate results. Dear friends of
the Manhattans, draw your furrows through the sea to our Quebec and some time
hereafter our Canadians will unexpectedly with God's guidance safely reach your
shores. Although it is not In my power to make, as I hoped, the voyage with you,
for I have my forest boatman with me; yet at some future day I promise to be
your guest and servant.

Even though my pen may have taken some liberties, overlook them, If you please,
Illustrious Sir, and take this letter as an assured testimony of my regard for the
Dutch and my love for you, with which I am

Illustrious Sir,

Your most faithful and obedient servant,

Simon le Moyne, SJ.

1658

422 Ecclesiastical Records

Quebec, the 18th of February 1658.
Reverend Father:

I have communicated to all the principal persons of this country the intentions of
Messieurs the Hollanders, of which you spoke. Nobody had any doubt, that in con-
■Ideration of their being admitted as friends and allies of the Crown in all the
ports of France since many years, we could for any reason refuse their coming to
trade with as and I cannot object to it. I consent, that they may come when they
please under the condition, that they submit to the same customs as French vessels,
forbidding trade with the savages and the public exercise on land of their religion,
which ii contrary to the Romish. You know the orders of the King about this
matter. Wherewith I commend myself to your prayers and am
Reverend Father

Your very humble and affectionate servant

Daille Boust.
; — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 415,

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

1658, April 15th.

Some letters from the church in ISTew Netherland were read.
Their principal subject was complainings about the annoyances
of many seditious spirits, and especially about the uprising of the
Lutherans; also a request to this Classis to further the preven-
tion of these (evils) as far as possible, with the Directors, xx.

387.

Letters from Il^ew !N^etherland.

1658, May 6th.

An account of the letters from Xew Amsterdam having been
given to the Directors of the West India Company, and the re-
quests contained therein having been considered; their Estimables
expressed themselves surprised at the character of the correspond-
ence of the church there with the Directors. They insisted
strongly upon the perusal of the letters, which were therefore
handed over to them. Their Estimables showed themselves dis-
posed, in regard to the Lutherans in Kew jSTetherland, to take
action against them, declaring that they would do their part; but
desired to see the Rev. Classis put into opperation all possible
measures, if it knows of anything that can be done in the
premises. The Eev. Deputati shall touch upon the aforesaid com-
plaint in their letters to the said church, and recommend to them
an active correspondence ^\'ith the Directors.

OF THE State of iN^Ew York. 423

New Amstel.

The Assembly resolved that the Eev. Deputati shall exert
themselves against the Lutheran worship there, as well as at New
Amstel, in every suitable way both with the Directors of this
Chamber, and with the Estimable Burgomasters of Amsterdam;
also at the proper time with the Nineteen, (the Amsterdam Cham-
ber of West India Company.) vi. 97; xix. 50.

1658

Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant ;

Lutherans; Latin School; Ministers.

The 20th of May 1658.
Honorable, Prudent, Dear, Faithful.

That you have sent back here the Lutheran preacher Is not contrary to, but
rather In accordance with our good Intentions, although you might have proceeded less
vigorously. The principal reason, which Induced the Lutherans there to separate
from the Reformed Church, was not only, so people of their persuasion here com-
plain, because In the Sacrament of Baptism some words are used there, which are
ofTensive to them and not contained in the new formulary, particularly in the
second point of the questions or admonitions to the parents and witnesses, to wit,
whether they acknowledge the dogma taught In the Christian Church there accord-
ing to the Synod of Dort, as the true one etc.; but also, because they were com-
pelled to be present at the baptizing of their children. We do not know how this
is, but we are aware, that the Church here docs not lay such great stress upon the
presence of the parents and witnesses; we think also, that the old formulary of
baptism Is still used in many churches here, as being less offensive and more
moderate, than the new, and therefore adopted at the beginning of the Reformation
as necessary under the circumstances, in order thereby not to alienate, but rather
to attract people of different belief. We shall leave it to your prudence and trust,
that henceforth you will use the least offensive and most tolerant means, so that
people of other persuasions may not be deterred from the public Reformed Church,
but in time be Induced to listen and finally gained over to it.

The two women of bad reputation, Magdalena Dircks and Gertie Jacobs, whom
you sent back here on account of their dissolute life, shall not again receive our
permission to return to New Netherland, and if they should come here again by
deceitful practices or under a false name, you may punish them, as they deserve it.

Domine Drlslus has repeatedly expressed to us his opinion, that he thought it ad-
visable, to establish there a Latin school for the inst ruction and education of the
young people, offering thereto his own services. Although we have no objection to
this project, we communicate it to you, so that, If you too consider It desirable,
you may take an experiment by opening such a school there; but you must not fall
to Inform us, liow such an Institution can be managed to the best advantage of the
community and kept up with the least expense to the Company.

To encourage the said Domine Drlslus In the performance of his duties, we have
Increased his board money from two hundred and fifty to three hundred florins
yearly and granted him besides a house rent free or Instead of It (wo hundred,
florins yearly, the same amount, which is allowed or paid to his colleague Domine
Megapolenals. This for your inforniatiou and guidance.

1658

424 Ecclesiastical Records

We found among the enclosures, sent by you, an extract from your resolutions,
■which informs us, that at the request of the congregation of Fort Orange and
Beverwyck you have engaged the former pastor of the Colony of Rensselaerswyck,
Domine Gideon Schaets, as their pastor at a salary of one hundred florins monthly;
we do not disapprove it, for the greater part of this salary must necessarily be
paid by the said congregation, as it is proper, but we expect you to report by the
first opportunity and without delay, how this can and ought to be done in the most
convenieat maaner. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 417, 418, 419.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Correspondence from America.

1658, June 4tli.

Rev. J. T. Poltemus to the Classis of Amsterdam.

Reverend, Very Learned, Most Pious Gentlemen, the Ministers of
the Classis of Amsterdam : —

Tendering to vou mj fraternal and respectful salutations, I
would express my affectionate regards, with thankfulness to God.
I still continue in the discharge of my appropriate duties, seek-
ing to build up the Church of Jesus Christ in this place. We
daily trace and observe with increasing clearness, the blessing of
the Lord, in the increase of members, and the prevailing good
order. We hope you have received favorable reports and testi-
monies in relation to us. This will comfort me in my old age.
I must also, through the advocacy of your Rev. body, secure the
provision from the Hon. Company for the satisfaction of my
salary yet remaining due for services in Brazil ; and for the reunion
and support of myself, wife and children. My salary in the new
church here, is also so small that it will go a very little way. I
cannot keep silent about it any longer. I commend your Rev.
body in general, and each member in particular, to the blessing of
Almighty God.

Given at Midwout in 'Neyv ISTetherland, June 4th, 1658.

Your Reverences much obliged brother,
J. T. Polhemus.

or THE State of N'ew York. 425

Extract fbom a Letter of the Directors to Stutvesant :
Lutherans and the Formulary of Baptism.

I June 7, 1658.

We expressed In our enclosed letter (of May 20th) our opinions and Intentions
concerning the Lutherans, to gain them over by moderate measures to the Re-
formed Church and since closing this letter we have come to the conclusion to
direct, that in the churches not only there the old Formulary of baptism be used,
but also the words " present here in the Church " be entirely omitted, because we
believe that thereby these and other dissenters will be satisfied and kept in the
Reformed Church.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 421.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Rev. John. Carpentier.

1658, June 22n(i.

Rev. John de Carpentier and Rev. Henry Wallins, candidates,
were accepted as recommended by the Classis after exhibiting
laudable certificates both ecclesiastical and academical, and
preaching sermons, vi. 106.

Synod of IJ^orth Holland, at Amsterdam.

1658, Aug. 12 et seq.

Art. 36. State of the Indian and other foreign churches:

Extract concerning the state of the churches of India and other
foreign lands, read and handed to the Synod by the Classis of
Amsterdam.

1658

New Netherland.
Extract from the letters from ISTew IsTetherland.
From a letter from Amsterdam in New Netherland, August 5,
1657.

1. Makes mention that the bold presumption of the Lutherans
to have a minister there, has been checked.

2. That a Lutheran pastor (Phar-hcer) called John Goetwater,
arrived there. He was taken before the Heer General, and then

1658

426 Ecclesiastical Records

summoned before the magistrates, but he could not show his com-
mission of appointment to such office, except from the Lutheran
Consistory of Amsterdam. Thereupon he was forbidden to
preach and ordered to regulate himself according to the Placards
of the land, and to depart at the first opportunity.

3. Rev. Gideon Schaats, minister at Rensselaerwyck, states that
the affairs of the churches there prosper, the congregation is
bravely increasing and that last year they secured a good meeting-
house.

4. On Long Island where there are three villages, Polhemius
of Bra-zil has come, and has been accepted as their minister.

5. At Flushing in ISTew ISTetherland a cobbler had arrived from
iN'ew England. He said that he had been sent by Christ, and be-
gan to preach; but was banished from the province.

Extract from a letter written August 14, 1657, in Amsterdam, in

ISTew jSTctherland.

It is* related that on August 12, (1656) a ship had arrived there
from the sea. On coming near to the fort, it fired no salute, flew
no flag except from the fore-mast. It was a ship full of Quakers.
The fiscal having boarded her, they paid him no respect; neither
did the captain show any respect to the Heer-General on landing.
They had come from London in eight (?) days, and went on to
'New England the next day — as is supposed to Rhode Island. On
sailing away they left two quiet women on land, who at once be-
gan to quake. They were arrested and without doubt sent away.

Extract from a letter of October 22, 1657.

Erom Manhattan.

1. It was made known that as yet, the Lutherans in New ISTeth-
erland, were successfully opposed in their attempt to exercise
their religion openly.

OF THE State of New Yokk. 427

Synod of ISTortli Holland.

1658.

2. It makes mention also about some Quakers who were locked
lip and transported to New England or Rliode Island.

3. The lack of English preachers is set forth ; inasmuch as one
had died, and the other had gone away.

4. Further all affairs are in good condition.

[The long Latin letter of Domine Megapolensis to Father Le
Moyne June 1658, and referred to by Dr. O'Callaghan and by
Megapolensis, under date of September 28, 1658, belongs here but
is omitted because of its polemical character].

Council Minute School.

1 August 13, 1658, Tuesday.

1688

Received the petition of Jan Lubberts, requesting consent to open a school for
Instruction in reading, writing and arithmetic.

It was answered: I

The request is granted, provided he behaves as such a person ought to behave.
Date as above. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 424.

The Director-General, and Council, to the Ministers of
New Netherland.

1658, Aug. 19th.

Extract from the register of resolutions of the Hon. Director-
General and Countil of New Netherland, adopted at their meet-
ing, Aug. 19, 1658:

The letter of the Hon. Directors of the "West India Company
dated May 20, 1658, was taken into consideration. Resolved,
That an extract from said letter should be made and placed in
the hands of the Rev. ministers of this city, and tViat \\c respect-
fully request their answer on the points presented in the letter,
relating to the pretended Lutheran minister, and the other Lu-
therans here. They are requested to give their answers in writing,
and adduce whatever may tend to furnish a full and correct view
of the case.

Done at Fort Amsterdam, in New Netherland, Monday Aug.
19. C. Van Ruyvcn, Secretary.

1658

428 Ecclesiastical Records

Answee to the Objections of the "West India Company, Coir-

CERNING THE FoEM OF BaPTISM.

1658, Aug. 23rd.

Eevs. J. Megapolensis and S. Drisius to the Director-General and
Council of !N"ew N'etherland.

To the Hon. Director-General and Council of I^ew I^etherland : —
Bj the favor of your Hon. Body, an extract from a letter from
the Directors of the West India Company has been placed in our
hands. From this we learn that the Lutherans have entered a
complaint, and have stated to the Hon. Directors, that they had
separated from our church, because in the administration of bap-
tism, certain words were used which were objectionable to them,
and the parents are compelled to be present when their children
are presented for baptism. We wish that the Lutherans in their
complaint had simply stated the truth, and had not encompassed
us with untruth, in their communication to the Hon. Directors.
We therefore assert that as your Honors have been accustomed to
attend our preaching and the administration of the sacraments,
and having been eye witnesses of the same, your Honors could jus-
tify us from these false charges, without any vindication by our-
selves. Yet it may be proper in obedience to your Honors order
to present to you a further elucidation of the matter.

1. Their excuse that the cause of their separation was a cer-
tain question about words in the administration of baptism, which
words are customary with us, but objectionable to them, is only
such in appearance. As far as our knowledge goes,' there never
has been any agitation, or even appearance of such, among them,
in relation to such a question. Indeed about two years ago one
Peter Jansen a stupid northerner, who was neither a Lutheran
nor of the Reformed Religion, and who had not intelligence enough
to understand the difference between them, nibbled at these ques-
tions, but could not give any reasons against them, or receive and

OF THE State of New York. 429

try to understand a reason in their favor. ITevertheless they have
sought, for five or six years, to call a Lutheran preacher, as Paulus
Schrick once said to Heyer Stoffels, whom he took to be a Lu-
theran, because he sang German songs on shipboard on the way to
Holland. When Schrick returned from Holland in 1655, he be-
came a chief promoter of this work. Separate meetings began to
be held, until the year 1656, when your decree forbidding them
was issued. We believe that, as the Pharisees were offended at the
words of Christ, Matt. 15:12, 13, so also has it been in this case;
that not only a few words in the Form for the administration of
baptism, but also the preaching of the divine Word itself was
objectionable to them; for blind men easily run against any ob-
stacle. We say blind men, for to our knowledge, there is hardly
one among them here who has any proper acquaintance with the
teachings of Dr. Luther. They praise Luther only because they
call themselves by his name. They are Lutherans, and will re-
main such, because their parents and ancestors were Lutherans,
as Paulus Schrick their leader in his wisdom once declared.

2. It is false that we, in the Formula of Baptism, ask the par-
ents or sponsors, whether the doctrines taught " here " in this
church, according to the Synod of Dort, are the true doctrines.
For although we hold the doctrines of the Synod of Dort to be
the true ones, still we do not use such a Formula, but that which
is found in the printed liturgy, of which you. Honorable Gentle-
men, are witnesses. We know indeed the emphasis with which they
refer to the word " here ". But suppose this word were omitted,
we nevertheless, by the Church mean, not the Papal church, but the
true Protestant and Reformed churches.

3. The Lutherans have done us wrong in their statement to the
Hon. Directors, that we strictly compelled parents and sponsors
to be present at the baptism of their children. This is imtrue.
The facts of the case are as follows: We assert that sometimes
there are bastards presented for baptism, who have no known
father. Some charged to be the father, deny it. In such cases

1658

430 Ecclesiastical Records

others have been known to interpose, and to present the illegitimate
child. Subsequently we noticed that young persons, who could
hardly carry the child, and who had scarcely more knowledge of
religion, baptism, and the vows, than the child itself, brought and
presented other young children for baptism. Whereiapon it was
resolved and published from the pulpit, that no half grown youths
should present other young children for baptism; but that it
should only be done by those who had arrived at years of discre-
tion ; that it was the special duty of parents, if at home, to present
their own children for baptism; for none could so well fulfil the
promises made in regard to the children as the parents; and to
this they were bound by the Word of God.

Yet it is not unknown to us that at the ISTational Synod of Dort,
in 1574, in Art. 61 ; at the Synod of Middleburg 1581, Art. 40 ;
and at the Synod of the Hague, 1591, Art. 51 ; it was decreed that
parents themselves should present their children for baptism. But
as we have learned that these acts are not very strictly enforced
in the Fatherland, so we also do not very strenuously insist on
them. Yet there are instances in which neither of the parents are
present at the baptism of their child. Indeed, it happened only
last Sabbath, Aug. 18th, while we were yet ignorant of the com-
plaint of the Lutherans against us, that a child was baptized,
neither of whose parents was present; but only two Lutherans,
who presented the child, and stood god parents, viz., Laurence
Koorman, who, they say was the host who concealed John Gut-
wasser, the Lutheran minister last winter, and Magdalen Kallier,
a Lutheran woman. We have thus given sufficient proof that no
undue strictness has been used towards the Lutherans in the bap-
tism of their children, but that their own perverseness has led
them to make false representations to the Hon. Directors, and
that they intend something else.

Johannes Megapolensis.
Amsterdam, in Samuel Drisius.

New ]N'etherland,
Aug. 23rd, 1658.

OF THE State of ^New Yokk. 431

(P. S.) Respecting the advice and proposition of the Hon.
Directors of the Company, that we should use the old Formula,
which is still used in many churches of Holland, and which is
more moderate, and less objectionable to those of other denomina-
tions, and that by this means they might be won and be satisfied,
(we answer) : We know that the Synod of the Hague, 1591, in
Art. 28, proposes the questions to parents and sponsors in this
form, — Whether they acknowledge the doctrine contained in the
Old and ISTew Testaments, and in the Articles of Christian Faith,
and taught in conformity thereto, to be the true and perfect doc-
trine of salvation. We find also that the Synod of Middleburg,
1581, Art. 21, leaves it optional either to use or omit the phrase
in the second question — the doctrine taught " here ". We are
aware that the apostolic churches, in order to remove difficulties,
and help on weaker brethren, frequently, in minor matters, gave
freedom. But in reference to the obstinate and perverse, who came
to spy out the liberty of believers, and to bring christians into
bondage, they would not yield one iota. (Gal. 2:3, 4.) We are
therefore inclined, as far as is consistent with truth and a good
conscience, to be moderate in all minor matters, and give indul-
gence in what does not affect truth and order, heartily wishing
prosperity to the church of Christ here. But as the Form now
used has been so long employed, the alteration or omission of it
in behalf of the Lutherans, may perhaps give offence to our own
people. We therefore write to the Classis of Amsterdam, to whom
we are subordinate, and take their advice.

Johannes Megapolensis.
Samuel Drisius.

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.
Request for a Latin School.

1G58, September 19.
Further, laying before your Honors the Rroat auRementntlon of the youth lu this
Province and place, which yi-arly lucri'as(>8 more and more, and finds itself now
very numerous, and thougli many of theni can read and write, the Bnrghors and
Inhabitants are nevertheless Inclined to have their Children instructed In the most
useful languages, the chief of which Is the Latin tongue; and as there are no

1658

432 Ecclesiastical Records

means so to do here, the nearest being at Boston in New England, a great distance
from here, and many of the Burghers and inhabitants of this place and neighbour-
hood having neither the ability nor means to send their chifdren thither, we shall
therefore again trouble your Honors and humbly request that your Honors would
be pleased to send us a suitable person for Master of a Latin School, in order that
our children be instructed in, and study such language, not doubting but were
such person here, many of the neighbouring places would send their children hither
to be instructed in that tongue; hoping that, increasing from year to year, it
may finally attain to an Academy, [College] whereby this place arriving at great
splendour your Honors shall have the reward and praise next to God the Lord,
who will grant His blessing to it. On your Honors sending us a Schoolmaster,
we shall endeavour to have constructed a suitable place or school.

May God the Lord long preserve your Honors in health and successful govern-
ment, and we remain.

Tour Honors faithful subjects,
The Burgomasters and Schepens of the City of Amsterdam in New Netherland.

Done in our Court held in the City Hall the 19th September 1658. — Early Records
of New Amsterdam, Vol. 3. 15, 16. Another translation, or paraphrase. In Dun-
shee's School of the Collegiate Church (ed. 1883) p. 33.

Classis of Amsterdam.
Correspondeiice from America.

1658, Sept. 24th.

Revs. J. Megapolensis and S. Drisius to the Classis of Amsterdam.
(Abstract of, in Acts of Deputies, Jan, 13, 1659. xx. 391.)

Reverend, Pious and Learned Fathers and Brethren in Christ : —
Your letter of May 26th last, (1658,) came safely to hand.
We observe your diligence to promote the interests of the church
of Jesus Christ in this province, that confusion may be prevented,
and that the delightful harmony which has hitherto existed among
us here, may continue. At the same time we rejoice that the Hon.
Directors have committed this matter to you, and we hope that
God will strengthen you in your laudable efforts. Last year we
placed before you particularly the circumstances of the churches
both in the Dutch and English towns. And as this subject has
been placed by your Rev. body before the Hon. Directors, we hope
that their Honors will take into earnest consideration the sadly
destitute circumstances of the English towns. These, by reason
of the removal or death of their preachers, continually appeal with
increasing earnestness for instant provision ; for we learn that one
of the English towns, through lack of a Presbyterian minister,

OF THE State of Kew Yoke. 433

is already engaged in seeking an Independent from (l^Tew) Eng-
land. The raving Quakers have not settled down, but continue
to disturb the people of the province by their wanderings and
outcries. Tor although our government has issued orders against
these fanatics, nevertheless they do not fail to pour forth their
venom. There is but one place in i^ew England where they are
tolerated, and that is Rhode Island, which is the caeca latrina of
ITew England. Thence they swarm to and fro sowing their tares.

The matter of the Lutherans remains still in a very smoky
condition. Last year the Lutheran pastor, (John Goetwater) was
directed to return by the ships to Holland. Instead of this he
went out of the city and concealed himself with a Lutheran farmer
during the whole winter, where they supported him at the rate of
six guilders ($2.40) per week. On the 4th of August last, when
we celebrated the Lord's Supper, they made a collection among
themselves for him. The Fiscal was again directed to arrest him,
and compell him to leave by one of the earliest ships. In the
meantime the Lutherans came and represented to the Director-
General that their preacher was sick at the farmer's, and besought
the privilege of bringing him within the place for treatment.
This was granted them. The Fiscal was at the same time empow-
ered to watch over him, and when well again, to send him to Hol-
land. Whether, on his recovery, he will return or conceal himself
again, time must show. We fear it is a stratagem to hold the
matter in suspense, and gain more time. We suspect this the
more, as they have said that they will make us appear in an un-
favorable light before the Hon. Directors of the West India Com-
pany. As to the great precision we employ in the administration
of Baptism, the accompanying documents will furnish the proper
proofs to your Rev. body. (See those of May 28, Aug. 19 and
Aug. 23, 1658.)

It appears to us that it would be very advantageous to the Dutch
church, to send over good Dutch ministers who might be tempora-
rily placed in the smaller Dutch towns, and afterward on the doatli

1658

1668

434 Ecclesiastical Records

or disability of other Dutch ministers, to be transferred to the
more populous towns. And such transfers would very soon be
required, as Domine Schaats is a man in feeble health; Domine
Polhemius is already sixty years old, and both of us have entered
in our fifty seventh year. There is much need of two more learned
and godly ministers in this province, as the Jesuits in Canada
or ITova Francia are seeking to force an entrance among us, and
introduce their idolatries and superstitions. For when the French
made peace with our Indians, the Mohawks, several Jesuits went
among them, and have since continued there. One of them named
Simon Le Moyne has been several times at Fort Orange, and last
fall came here to Manhattan, doubtless to encourage the papists,
both Dutch and French, residing here, and to observe the condi-
tion of our affairs. He remained here eight days, and then re-
turned to Fort Orange, and thence by land to Canada.

We commend your Reverences to the protection of the Most
High, who is able to keep you, and do abundantly above what we
can ask or think, and place you blameless before His throne.
With salutations to the Rev. Classis,

Yours affectionately,

Joannes Megapolensis.

Samuel Drisius.
'New Amsterdam,

in ISTew Netherland,

Sept. 24th, 1658.

Correspondence from America.

1658, Sept. 25th.
Rev. J. Megapolensis to the Classis of Amsterdam.

Reverend, Pious and Learned Brethren in Christ: —

I have a son named Samuel, now entering on his twenty fifth
year. I instructed him myself for several years in the Latin and

OF THE State of ^N^ew York. 435

Greek languages. I then sent him to the Academy of Cambridge
in 'Rew England, where I allowed him to pursue his studies for
three years at my own expense. When he returned home, he was
desirous of visiting one of the universities of the Fatherland, and
of continuing his studies therein. He accordingly went over to
Utrecht, and having letters to Domine Voetius, he entered the
university there. Although he is now separated from me many
hundred miles, and I remain ignorant of his progress in his
studies, or of his deportment in life, nevertheless as he conducted
himself diligently, studiously and virtuously during his three
years residence in !N^ew England, according to ample testimonials
given him, I trust that as he grows older, he will not exhibit less
industry in study, or less excellency of conduct in the University
of Utrecht; and since he is so faithfully attending to his studies
during the year now passing, that he will soon be prepared for an
entrance on the Gospel ministry.

At the same time, owing to the condition of the churches here
it is necessary that there should be sent out some English as well
as Dutch preachers, it is my fraternal and submissive request,
that when this subject comes before the Hon. Directors, and the
Rev. Classis, that my son Samuel may be taken into consideration.
And if he be deemed qualified for the oflSce of the ministry,
whether in Dutch or English towns, as he understands and speaks
the English well, that he may be sent over in that capacity. As
he isi my youngest son, and I have been at much expense for him,
having kept him for three years in New England, and now he is
in the third at Utrecht, supporting him solely at my own expense,
T cherish a strong desire to see him again among us before I die ;
as I expect that New Netherland, where I have now passed seven-
teen years of my ministry, will be the place of my burial. It
will be a great joy to me to have my son return, qualified by God
in doctrine and life, to build up the church in this land. I com-
mit these matters to God's providence and your kindness. May

1658

436 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

1658

our God bless and strengthen you and myself in our ministries,

to the glory of his name, the edification of his church, and the

salvation of our souls.

Yours affectionately,

Joannes Megapolensis.
!N"ew Amsterdam,

in New Netherland,

Sept. 25, 1658.

(Part of this letter is found in Sprague's Annals, Vol. viii,

p. 3.)

Correspondence from America.

1658, 'Sept. 28th.

Revs. J. Megapolensis and S. Drisius to the Classis of Amsterdam.

Rdi. Patres et Fratres in Christo : —

In a preceding letter of Sept. 24, 1658, mention was made of a
Jesuit who came to this place, Manhattans, overland, from Can-
ada. I shall now explain the matter more fully, for your better
understanding of it. It happened in the year 1642, when I was
minister in the colony of Rensselaerswyck, that our Indians in
the neighborhood, who are generally called Maquaas, (Mohawks,)
but who call themselves Kajingehaga, were at war with the Cana-
dian or French Indians, who are called by our Indians Adyran-
thaka. Among the prisoners whom our Indians had taken from
the French, was this Jesuit, (Jogues,) whom they, according to
their custom had handled severely. When he was brought to us,
his left thumb and several fingers on both hands had been cut off,
either wholly or in part, and the nails of the remaining fingers
had been chewed off. As this Jesuit had been held in captivity by
them for some time, they consented that he should go among the
Dutch, but only when accompanied by some of them. At last the
Indians resolved to bum him. Concerning 'this he came to me
with grievous complaint. We advised him that next time the In-
dians were asleep, he should run away and come to us, and we

OF THE State of New York. 437

would protect and secure him, and send him by ship to France.
This was done. After concealing him and entertaining him for
six weeks, we sent him to the Manhattans, and thence to England
and France, as he was a Frenchman, born at Paris.

Aften\^ard this same Jesuit came again from France to Canada.
As our Indians had made peace with the French, he again left
Canada, and took up his residence among the Mohawks. He in-
dulged in the largest expectations of converting them to popery,
but the Mohawks with their hatchets, put him to a violent death.
They then brought and presented to me his Missal and Breviary
together with his underclothing, shirts and coat. "When I said to
them, that I would not have thought that they would have killed
this Frenchman, they answered, that the Jesuits did not consider
the fact, that their people (the French) were always planning to
kill the Dutch.

In the year 1644 our Indians again took captive a Jesuit, who
had been treated in the same manner as to his hands and fingers
as the above mentioned. The Jesuit was brought to us naked,
with his maimed and bloody fingers. We clothed him, placed him
under the care of our surgeon, and he almost daily fed at my
table. This Jesuit (Bressani,) a native of Rouen, was ransomed
by us from the Indians, and we sent him by ship to France. He
also returned again from France to Canada. He wrote me a let-
ter, as the previously mentioned one had done, thanking me for
the benefits I had conferred on him. He stated also that he had
not argued, when with me, on the subject of religion, yet he had
felt deeply interested in me on account of my favors to him; that
he was anxious for the life of my soul, and admonished me to come
again into the Papal Church from which I had separated myself.
In each case I returned such a reply that a second letter was
never sent me.

The French have now for some time been at {yeace vnih our
Indians. In consequence thereof, it has happened that several
Jesuits have again gone among our Indians, who are located

1668

^38 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

1658

about four or five days journey from Fort Orange. But they
did not permanently locate themselves there. ±\M returned to
Canada except one, named Simon Le Moyne, (Le Moine,). He
has several times accompanied the Indians out of their own coun-
try, and visited Fort Orange. At length he came here to the
Manhattans, doubtless at the invitation of Papists living here, es-
• pecilly for the sake of the French privateers, who are Papists,
and have arrived here with a good prize.

He represented that he had heard the other Jesuits speak much
of me, who had also highly praised me for the favors and bene-
fits I had shown them; that he, therefore, could not, while present
here, neglect personally to pay his respects to me, and thank me
for the kindness extended to their Society. 1. He told me that
during his residence among our Indians he had discovered a salt
spring, situated fully one hundred (Dutch) miles (three hundred
English miles) from the sea; and the water was so salt that he had
himself boiled excellent salt from it. 2. There was also another
spring which furnished oil. Oleaginous matter floated on its sur-
face, with which the Indians anointed their heads. 3. There was
another spring of hot sulphurous water. If paper and dry ma-
terials were thrown into it, they became ig-nited. Whether all this
is true, or a mere Jesuit lie, I will not decide. I mention the
whole on the responsibility and authority of the Jesuit.

He told me that he had lived about twenty years among the
Indians. When he was asked what fruit had resulted from his
labors, and whether he had taught the Indians anything more
than to make the sign of the cross, and such like superstitions, he
answered that he was not inclined to debate with me, but wanted
only to chat. He spent eight days here, and examined everything
m our midst. He then liberally dispensed his indulgences, for
he said to the Papists, (in the hearing of one of our people who
understood French), that they need not go to Eome; that he had
as full power from the Pope to forgive their sins, as if they were
to go to Rome. He then returned and resided in the country

OF THE State of ^JvTew York. 439

165S

of the Mohawks the whole winter. In the spring, however,
troubles began to arise again between our Indians and the Cana-
dians. He then packed up his baggage, and returned to Canada.
On his journey, when at Fort Orange, he did not forget me, but
sent me three Catalogues: The first, on the succession of the
Popes; the second, on the Councils; and the third was about
heresies, all -s^Titten out by himself. He sent with them also, a
letter to me, in which he exhorted me to peruse carefully these
Catalogues, and meditate on them, and that Christ hanging on the
Cross, was still ready to receive me, if penitent. 1 answered him
by the letter herewith forwarded, which was sent by a yacht going
from here to the river St. Lawrence in Xew France. I know not
whether I shall receive an answer.*

Valete, Domini Fratres, Vester ex officio,
1658, Sept. 28th. Joannes Megapolensis.

(ISTames of Dutch immigrants for 1658. Doc. Hist. 1^. Y. iii.
33, 34.)

Rev. Polhemius.

1658, Oct. 7th.

Levin Hans a citizen of this place, hands in a letter from Rev.
Polhemius, of New Netherland, wherein he asks that this Classis
would aid him in seeing that the moneys which are still due him,
on account of his salary from the West India Company, may be
fonvarded to him as soon as possible. The Assembly agreed to
do this and commends the furtherance thereof to the Rev. Depu-
tati ad res Indicas. vi. 120; xix. 52.

Acts of the Deputies.

1659, Jan. 18th.
Rev. Abram RoelofF in the chair.

A letter from New Amsterdam, in New Netherland, was read,
of the date of Sept. 24, 1658, and signed by John Megapolensis
and Samuel Drisius, of the following contents: (An abstract is

*See note under date of August 36, 1C57.

440 Ecclesiastical Records

1659

here given of this letter, and of others of May 20, West India
Company to Stuyvesant; Aug. 19, Director and Council of 'New
!N^etherland to the ministers there; Aug. 23, their answer to the
Director, etc. ; but as these are all found in full elsewhere, this ab-
stract is omitted.) xx. 391.

Letters from iN'ew Amsterdam.

1659, Feb. 3rd.

Rev. Deputati ad causas Indicas, state that they have re-
ceived a letter from ISTew Amsterdam, in which the brethren there
request that this Classis will exert themselves with the Directors
to increase the number of ministers here. This request the Rev.
Deputies have already laid before the Directors, and received for
answer that their Estimables would take the matter into serious
consideration, and in due time would give the Brethren further
information thereon. They further write that the Directors had
written to them, that too great strictness is observed by them in
the use of the formulae of Baptism; that among other things, on
account of the multitude of Lutherans who are there, it would
be expedient to alter the customary questions, addressed to the
parents and witnesses, in respect to the words, " the Doctrine
which is taught here in the Church ", etc. Regarding this they
(of E'ew ISTetherland) ask advice, how they are to act in this mat-
ter. The Assembly is of the opinion that the Brethren must be
earnestly admonished not to depart from the customary formulae;
that meantime an endeavor will be made to inform the Directors
regarding several matters, as to which it is observed that their
Honors are poorly informed; at the same time begging them not
to attempt to make any alterations in the customary Forms. All
this the Rev. Deputati ad res Indicas will attend to. vi. 134;
xix. 53.

OF THE State of Xew Yoek. 441

Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant ;

Latin School ;

February 13, 1659.
Honorable, Prudent, Dear, Faithful: "We send you herewith some bound account
books, paper, quills and ink-powder, required by you to complete and send over the
resolutions and other documents of your administration since January 1657. Al-
though some of the most important resolutions and documents have been received
by us since that time, the copy of the record of resolutions must not be sent
without them, that we may have here and can examine the whole series in chrono-
logical order. We would have provided you with this stationery earlier, if you had
asked for it; and we send it now with pleasure according to the enclosed state-
ment. After the school books and stationery to be used for the education of the
youths, stated in the enclosed Invoice, you will please to look yourself.

1659

What we haye ordered in our last letter of the 19th of June in regard to the
Lutherans, may be learned from its duplicate sent herewith; our intentions are
still the same, as we see no reason, why the preachers there should raise diffi-
culties about it; for It is an order practiced in most of the Reformed Churches
here. The enclosed open letter will tell you, what we write to them on this sub-
ject: after having read and sealed it, give it to your Reverences.

You have also given credit to Domine Johannes Polhemius for fl 782.6. — , but as
he has that much to his credit on his Brasilian account, we have balanced these
tv'O sums f.gainsr each other, which you too must do in your books and you are
hereby expressly charged, not to give further credit either to his Reverence,
whose account is now closed and with whom the Company has nothing further to
do, nor to anybody else, be he an officer or a party, to whom the Company owes
nothing; for in case of death of the persons or other troubles the Company would
only be the loser.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 427, 429, 430, 432.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

New Nethertand.

1659, Feb. 24th.

The Kev. Deputati ad causas Indicas having proposed to the
Estimable Directors the examination and ordination of Rev. Beau-
mont, their Estimables permitted themselves to be pleased there-
with; but as to what was also enjoined them (the Deputati), to
request the Directors not in anywise to suggest to the Brethren
in ISTew Netherland any change in the formulae for Baptism,
they noticed when they waited upon the Directors, that the broach-
ing of this subject would be likely to awaken some displeasure in
them, because of the small amount of correspondence of the
Cburch there with the Directors; it was resolved to confer first
with the Eev. Classis about this incident, and to submit whether

1669

442 Ecclesiastical Records

it be advisable to precipitate this matter. The Rev. Assembly
consented to postpone addressing them (the Directors) on this sub-
ject until the Brethren in New ISTetherland could have been
written to (saluted) thereupon in the next letters, vi. 135 ; xix.
54.

Resolution of the Amsterdam Department of the West In-
dia Company Appointing a Latin Schoolmaster for !N"ew
Amsterdam.

Tuesday, April 10, 1659.

Before the Board appeared Alexander Carolus Curtlus, late Professor In
Lithuania mentioned in former minutes, who offered his services. After a vote
had been taken, he was engaged as Latin Schoolmaster in New Netheriand at a
yearly salary of five hundred florins, of which one quarter shall be paid to him'
in advance, that he may procure what books he requires. The Board further
grants him a gratuity of one hundred florins, which the Company will lay out in
available merchandise to be used by him upon his arrival in New Netheriand,
where a piece of land convenient for a garden or orchard shall be allotted to him
by the Director General. He shall also be allowed to give private Instructions,
as far as this can be done without prejudice to the duties, for which he is
engaged. i

Agrees with the original record.

L. Van Vevtenter.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 437.

Letters from the Directors to Stuyvesant:

Latin School ;

April 25, 1659.

Honorable, Prudent, Dear, Faithful. Since our last letter to you of the 13th of
February, sent by the " Trouw " and the " Otter ", the Patroon and the othef
Directors of the Colony of Rensseiaerswyck have presented a remonstrance, con-
taining various, but in the main the same, complaints, which have already been
made several times, to which they have only added their lamentations over the
demand of the tenths (tithes for Church support,) and the farming out of thet
excise on wine and beer consumed in the said Colony of Rensseiaerswyck. In
regard to the last two points we referred to what had passed between you and
Jan Baptista Rensselaer in June 1656 and we must admit, that we are highly,
pleased with your answer to his remonstrance, wishing only, that you had avoided
. or passed over the too minute explication or statement regarding the expenses,
whicli he claims the Patroon and the co-director incur in the maintenance of their
servants: the following words " or if impartial men etc." might also have been
omitted, for it seems, they have given these people with their unfounded claims
some hope, that by supporting a preacher they could avoid the paying of the
tenths; especially if the case is to be adjudged by arbitrators, which they have
already desired, while we considered it uncalled for and against the interest of
the Company: we stand upon quite a different, but sufliciently firm basis, also upon
some demands against the Patroon and the co-director, for which In due time we
shall demand satisfaction.

OF THE State of New York. 443

How much trouble we have taken, to find a Latin Schoolmaster Is shown by the
fact, that now one Alexander Carolus Curslus, late Professor In Lithuania, goes
over, whom we have engaged as such at a yearly salary of five hundred florins,"
board money Included; we give him also a present of one hundred florins In mer-
chandise, to be used by him upon his arrival there, as you may learn by the
enclosed extract from our resolutions or by the contract, made with him, to which
we refer for brevity's sake. — Col. Docs. N, Y. xlv. 435, 436.

1659

Administrative Minutes of New Amsterdam.
Salary of Curtius, Latin teacher.

Friday, 4th July 1659 ; In the City Hall.

Present the Heeren Nicasius de Sille, Marten Cregier, Olof
Stevensen Cortlant.

Alexander Carolus Curtius appears in Court, who is informed
that two hundred florins are allowed him as a yearly present from
the City; an order on the Treasurer is also handed him for fifty
florins over and above, which he thankfully accepts; but requests
as he has but few scholars as yet, that his salary may be somewhat
increased, as the beginning entails great expence, saying whenever
he gets twentjj five to thirty children to the school he shall serve
for less salary; but refers it to the discretion of the Magistrates. —
Early Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. vii. pp. 223, 224.

Letter from Director Stuyvesant and the Council to the
Directors in Holland : — ^Rensselaerswyck ; Latin School ;
EoRT Amsterdam.

July 23, lar.o.

By the " Trouw ". Honorable, Wise, Prudent and Very Worshipful Gentlemen.
The order Issued by you In regard to the sale of real estate shall henceforth be
obeyed and carried out; we have also considered It advisable to wait with the*
collection of the fortieth penny until the arrival of the expected candidates for
the ministry (propeuenten), for then we shall have so many more reasons for the
Introduction of this measure. i

The complaints and lucubrations of the Patroon and the other Directors of the
Colony of Rensseluerswyck, together with your reply to them, first call for our
answer. We have little or nothing to add to what you said, because since the
departure of Brant van Slechtenhorst, little has occurred between us and hla
■uccessor Jan Baptlsta van Rensselaer concerning the old, frivolous claims and
questions; as far as we know no other complaints have been made, than against
the farming of the tavernkeepers' excise ou beer and wine, and the collection of

1659

444 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

the tentlis (tithes for church support); and as what has occurred between us and
them in regard to these matters has been sent to and received by you from time
to time, we think a repitition of it unnecessary.

Alexander Carolus Cursius, engaged by you as Latin schoolmaster, has arrived
here. "We hope and trust, that the community shall reap the desired fruits through
their children, to which God may give his blessing: the state of the school shall
be reported to you in due time.

Domine Johannes Theodorus Polheym, preacher upon B-ong Island, remonstrates,
as you may see from the enclosure No. — that you have deducted fl 782.6. —
heavy money from his credit on his Brazilian account, which amount he has
received here in light money, besides fl 160, — a total of fl 942.6. — for serving
as minister from October 1654 to the 7th of April 1657; for these services the^
above sum was allowed him and credited to his account, as shown by the Register
of Resolutions, sent to you, under let. E. p. 63, January 29th. You will please-
to give such order in this matter, as in your opinion equity demands. — Col. Docs.
N. Y. siv. 438, 442, 443.

Synod of jSTorth Holland, at Hooen.

1659, Aug. 5 et seq.

Art. 25. Extracts from the state of the churches in India and
other foreign regions.

Extract from a letter from ISTew ISTetherland, dated September

24, 1658.

1. The English villages there had been more than a year with-
out preachers. They request that some may be sent them at the
earliest opportunity.

2. That they still had among them wandering Quakers, Avho
are tolerated only in Rhode Island.

3. They make known the condition of the Lutherans, that there
still abode among them a pastor (phar-heer) of the name of
Emestus Goetwasser. He lay ill within New Amsterdam, after
he had concealed himself at the- house of a Lutheran farmer.
The fiscal had been ordered to send him away as soon as he shall
have recovered.

4. They request two Duytse (German or Dutch?) ministers, in
two new Duytse (German or Dutch?) villages. These, indeed,

OF THE State of ITew Yoke. 445

should be introduced because of the difficulty of the work, in the
most populous places; and the death of others.

5. They had been somewhat annoyed by the Lutherans, but
through the good care of the Director-General, of which they
had already had good evidences, they hoped they would suffer no
harm. As to the rest, the churches were in a good condition.

Letter of Director Stutvesant to Sergeant LouRissEisr and
Others at the Esopus; Rev. Domine Blom Proceeds
Thither to Take Charge of the Congregation There.

Honored, Dear and Beloved Friends. According to tlie promise, wliicli I made,
I liave informed tlie Lords Directors last year of your just demand, to have tliere
a good, orthodox and pious preacher, which their Honors did not less judge proper
and necessary and they resolved thereupon, to inquire for some suital)le and pious
candidates and send them here. As in the meantime, the rumor spread of the
lack of preachers in the open country here, Domine Hermanns Bloem, a candidate,
resolved to make a voyage hither and inspect the condition of affairs and he'
arrived here by the ship " de Otter ", bringing with him very good testimonials
from several ministers concerning his life and good qualities for preaching; during
his stay here he has several times preached God's Word, as well in this City as in
the villages of Brooklyn and Mldwout, to the great satisfaction and pleasure of
his hearers, so that some of the neighboring villages have made several requests,
to have him as their minister, but considering that these neighboring villages can
go to Church to one or the other place near by and have the benefit of partaking
of the sacraments, while on the other side you can get to hear God's Word and
partake of the Sacraments only with great dlflSculties and troubles, I have per-
suaded the said Domine Bloem to make a trip to the Esopus with me, as I intended
to visit you before the sailing of the lately departed homeward bound ships, but
being prevented by the great mass of our business and the time for the Lord'si
Supper coming on in the meantime, I resolved to partake of it myself, so that*
it was finally decided to leave here next Thursday, but Homo proponit. Dens dis-
ponit; since that time I have suffered almost daily from a violent fever, which still
continues, so that my Indisposition does not allow me to go from home now. But
In order not to delay so important a matter but to let it have progress, I have'
resolved, to request our Reverend Domine Mogapolensis, the bearer hereof, to con-
duct the said Domine Blom thither and Inform you of our wishes in this regard.
You will now hear yourselves the said Domine Blom preach. If you are satisfied
with his gifts (and we do not doubt, but he will please you) you may take hold
of this chance, which will not offer again apparently In some years, to ask his
Reverence to be your Minister and notify us by letter, also how much you will
contribute yearly for his maintenance, which you will have to raise from the'
inhabitants in due time in the best and most convenient manner. Relying hereon
we commend you all, with cordial salutations, to God's merciful protection and
remain,

Honored, Dear and Beloved Friends,

Tour affectionate friend.
Actum Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland the (11th) August Anno 1G59. — Col.
Docs. N. Y. xili. 102.

1659

446 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

Letter of Dieectoe Stuyvesant to Seegt. Laiteensen at the
Esopus; Rev. Megapolensis Peoceeds Thithee; Inceeasei>
Vigilance Recommended.

Honorable, Valiant Sir. In case your Honor should discover any probabilities In
the rumors or signs, that the savages might attempt something, your Honor will
communicate it to the baarers hereof, the Reverend Domlne Megapolensis and
Ensign Dirci£ Smith, upon receipt of whose report and opinion such orders shall
be given, as will be found to be needed: wherewith closing we will commend your
Honor to the protection of God and remain.

Honorable, Valiant Sir,

Your Honor's affectionate

P. Stiyvesant.
Amsterdam in New Netherland, the 11th of August, Anno 1659. — Col. Docs. N.
Y. Xiil. 101.

Vice Dieectoe Aleichs to Buegomaster de Geaaff. (New

Amstel.)
abstract.

1659, Aug. 16.
After describing the settlers on the South (Delaware) River, and the govern-
ment, and the election of civil officers, he adds that there were chosen — " Two-
Elders and two Deacons ".

Moreover, outside the Fort, I repaired the Clergyman's house and that of the
emith.— Col. Docs. N. Y. ii. 69.

Petition of Inhabitants of Esopus, Requesting that the.
Rev. Mr. Bloem be Appointed their Minister.

To their Noble Very Worshipful Honors, the Honorable Director General and
Council of New Netherland.

Show with due humility the inhabitants of the place, called the Esopus, that on
the 17th of August the Rev. Hermanns Bloem has preached at the place of the
petitioners in the fore and afternoon, which has satisfied the petitioners very-
well and they wish sincerely, that they could obtain him for their duly authorized
minister. They request therefore respectfully, that your Honorable Worships will
please, to consider this matter and effect, that he may be appointed here by the
proper authority, while we promise to treat him decently and in order that his,
Reverence shall be able to sustain himself and be more encouraged In his work
we have all resolved (subject to your Honorable Worships' approval) to make a
good bouwery for him, provide it with a house, barns, cows and other cattle as
proper, to tend the land, which your Honorable Worships shall please to allot to
him, plough it and bring the whole in good order, so that he may cultivate it
himself, or hire it out advantageously, as long as he shall fill the position of
preacher here, but in case he should leave or die, then this bouwery shall always
remain for the support of the minister, thou being here, and as the number of the
petitioners is as yet very small and the establishing of such a bouwery will be-
troublesome and costly for them, may the petitioners therefore be granted, that
all who hereafter come to talje possession of lauds and bouweries here shall also-
contribute pro rata to the obligations of the present petitioners, who must now;
incur these expenses. We await a favorable decision hereon.

; Jacob Jansen Stoll

«. Thomas Chambers

Esopus, the 17th of August 1659.' Juriaen Bestvall's mark,

Willera Jansen's mark. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiii. 103.

OF THE State of Kew Yoek. 447

commissionees of the colonie on the delaware to vice
Dieectob Albichs.

1659, Aug. 22nd.

We are much pleased to learn the improvement of the church
and congregation, and approve the purchase of the house in which
service was performed, but not the assessment and deduction
prescribed there for all real estate (vaste goederen), inasmuch as
we have resolved that, agreeably to the practice in this country,
the 40th penny shall be deducted from all voluntary sales of real
estate, and the 80th from those by execution, and therefore only
one half per cent, and no more, for the Secretary, besides his fees
for writing and dispatch. This, we understand, is also the prac-
tice in the government of the Manhattans. As to what further
relates to the invention of such burthens on the commonalty, you
are ordered and instructed, in future, not to resort to such pro-
ceeding without our knowledge, unless the most imperative and
extreme necessity in this regard cannot admit of any delay.

The bold undertaking of the Swedish Parson to preach in the
Colonic there without permission, does not greatly please us.
And as we will assuredly, that, as yet, no other religion but the
Keformed can nor may bo tolerated there, so you must, by proper
means, put an end to or prevent such presumption on the part
of other secretaries. — Col. Docs. N. Y. ii. 61.

Proceedings of the XIX. in Regard to New Netherland.

Extract from the Minutes or Resolutions of the Assembly of the
XIX., of the West India Company, holden at Amsterdam,
from the 21st August to the 22nd September, 1659, so far as
they relate to JSTew Netherland.

Monday, the 2r>th August, 10^0.

Domine Pruelius, Cop-agroon uuil Van Noort, clergymen enter, who represent
that the Venerable Classls at present met In this city, had deputed them to greet
this Assembly and to Inform it:

1. First. That they had learned that various sects were residing In New Nether-
laud, namely, divers Quakers at the Red Hill or Rhode Island, and a number of
Luthei-ans at New Amsterdam and the South River, who were propagating their

1659

448 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

doctrine there, requesting that provision be made therein, and their conventicles
prevented.

2. Secondly. As, according to letters from the brethren in New Netherland,
some Dutch and English clergymen were required there, they wish and request
that this Assembly, in support thereof, may adopt a favorable resolution, and pro-
vide the place with more ministers.

3. Thirdly. As three clergymen have died some time since in Guinea, and in the
meantime the congregation are without any, they submit and propose to this
Assembly, in order to proceed more assuredly therein and to provide the congre-
gation there always, as far as possible, with one clergyman, whether a second
ought to be sent thither in addition to the Minister who sailed in the last ship.

4. Fourthly. They demand payment of the arrears of the salary earned by
Domine Polhemius, at present a minister in New Netherland; also, that Reverend
Asstetten's widow, who had been referred to this Assembly by the Zealand
Chamber, may be paid what is due. Which being considered, and question being
put, it is resolved and concluded, and told to the aforesaid Domine, who, being
without, were again invited in, namely, that the first and second parts of their
aforesaid proposal and request concerned the presiding Chamber of Amsterdam,
whose delegates being at present at this meeting, had undertaken to communicate
the same to their principals, that proper order may be taken thereon. But what
regarded the third division of their request, viz., the dispatching a second preacher
to Guinea, that this Assembly considers one Minister enough for that place asi
there is but a small congregation there, and those from the surrounding forts and
places came to Church to El Mina, and attended divine service there. Fourthly,
the Minister, Polhemus, in regard to his petition, is referred to the presiding^
Chamber of Amsterdam, to make due disposition thereof. And the widow Asstet-
ten's petition, consisting, in fact, of three parts, etc. — Col. Docs. N. Y. ii. 72.

Wednesday, 3rd of September, 1659.

The first point for consideration, whereupon many deliberations have been now
for some time had, but no conclusion come to by the different members is resumed,
in order to bring the respective Chambers to closer connection, good correspondence
and union, the result of which will evidently be their complete restoration and
preservation, the present deputies from all the Chambers representing the Assembly
of the XIX., resolved and enacted

1. First and foremost, each chamber, etc.

7. And in regard to New Netherland, where the Amsterdam Chamber, and the
Wild Coast, where the Zealand Chamber has each already its Colonies, the other
Chambers respectively will be at liberty (the resolutions heretofore adopted there-
upon, remaining in full force) to plant their Colonies also in those parts in suitable
places, having no proprietors, and to allow other persons to come into their Col-
onies, all with previous notification, knowledge and approbation of the Assembly
of the XIX., and upon an equal footing, order and proper regulation, not conflict-
ing with the already established Colonies, belonging to said respective Chambers
in those places and coasts, the expenses to be incurred thereby shall be declared
and assumed as a common charge, in order that the repartition of the Company's
receipts, hereinbefore more fully specified, shall be made in the same manner, as
it will be put into practice on the behalf of the Chambers of Amsterdam and'
Zealand, by virtue of this resolution, and the profits accruing therefrom for the
common advantage.

8. What relates to the general trade on the coast of Guinea, etc.— Col. Docs.
N. Y. 11. 73.

OF THE State of ISTew York. 449

Classis of Amsterdam.

Correspondence from America, 1659, Sept. 10th. Revs. J.
Megapolensis and S. Drisius to Classis of Amsterdam.

Reverend, Pious, Very Learned Fathers and Brethren in Christ: —
Last year, 1658, we wrote yon concerning the state of the
church here, and the lack of good preachers not only among the
Dutch, but also in the English towns under the jurisdiction of our
government. We hope jow duly received our letter although we
have not yet received any answer thereto, the reason of which
is unknown to us. In that letter of ours we explained the cir-
cumstances in detail. We know of nothing to add, except the
following:

The Lutheran minister, Joannes Ernestus Gutwasser remained
here when the ships departed for Holland. This not only gave
occasion to many people to remain away from church, but also,
contrary to the command of the Governor, and to his own solemn
promises, he began to hold meetings and to preach. The Gov-
ernor again learning of this, forbade him. But Gutwasser,
anxious to trouble the waters, refused to obey the orders of the
Governor, and with his adherents determined to persevere. Upon
this he was, by the authority of the Governor, arrested in his own
house, and last spring he was sent by the ship De Bniynvisch,
(Brown Fish,) back to Holland. There is now again quietness
among the people, and the Lutherans again go to church, as they
were fonnerly accustomed to do. One of their principal men,
the causa movens, in the bringing over of this preacher, and who
previous to his coming, had bcgim to hold meetings in order to
pave the way therefor, if he should come, is now one of the most
punctual attendants, and has his pew near to the pulpit. We
have, therefore, reason to thank God that he has inclined the
hearts of the Hon. Directors and those in authority, that the
threatened split among the inhabitants, and the imminent injury
29

1659

450 Ecclesiastical Records

to this infant cliurch, have been averted by their vigilance and
discretion.

Last April there an-ived here in a ship from Holland, a candi-
date of Theology, (or proponent), named Hermanns Bloem, bring-
ing with him his academical testimonials, and also those of his
preparatory examination. We consented that he should preach
in this and the adjacent places, which he has done several times
to the great satisfaction of the hearers. There are at least two
places where they have invited Domine Bloem to settle as their
minister. They offer good terms, as appears in the request con-
cerning* this matter, which they have presented to the Director-
General and his Council of JSTew l^etherland, and which they have
also doubtlessly forwarded to the Hon. Directors. He therefore
returns to Holland, to undergo the peremptory (final) examina-
tion, and receive ordination for the work of the ministry, in order
to prosecute the same here. We hope the Directors will facilitate
this affair, and that he may have the favor of your Reverences.
Finally, we commend you to the protection of the Most High,
while we pray for his blessing on all our ministries.

Your Reverences Obedient,

Johannes Megapolensis.

Samuel Drisius.
IN'ew Amsterdam,
Sept. 10, 1659.

Extract from a Letter of Stuyvesant to the Directors in

Holland : The Rev. Ha.rmanus Bloem Has

Arrived and is Proposed to Send Him to the Esopus ; . . . .

September 17th 1659.

Your Honors Inform us in their favor of the 13th of February, received by " de
Trouw ", among others, that for the promotion of divine service in the country
your Honors has resolved and already issued orders to send over two or three God-
fearing and suitable candidates. Upon the strength of that rumor one Harmanus
Bloem of Amsterdam has now proceeded hither, persuaded and advised thereto,
as his Reverence says, by some preachers of the aforesaid city; he has preached
here as well as in the country to the satisfaction of his hearers, so much so that
we have been petitioned in regard to him, to have him as their Minister, as your
Honors may see by the enclosure No. 4; under the circumstances, as your Honors
are the Lords and Patroons in general and consequently this matter concerns the

OF THE State of I^ew Yokk. 451

Classis, we did not wish to meddle any further in this matter, except to recom-
mend the said Domine Harmanus Bloem to your Honors and to request, partly
on his account as he has been candidate for a long time, partly for the sake of
the inhabitants of the Esopus, that your Honors will please to look upon him with
favor. We hope and trust from the short conversation had with him, that he will
be for many a good leader to salvation and should your Honors indeed send beside
him, two or three God-fearing candidates more, even though only at a salary of five
or six hundred guilders, we trust, nay, we may assure your Honors, that the
balance up to ten, eleven or twelve hundred guilders will be raised here by the
parishee, one contributing less the other more, according to the ability of the-
villages.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiii. 110, 111.

Extract fkom a Letter of Stuyvesant to the Directors:
Latin School; Medicinal Seeds Wanted.

September 17, 1669.

The Latin schoolmaster or rector, lately sent over, complains of his salary,
because, he says it is impossible to support himself decently with it, as you may
see by this enclosed letter to us. Your repeated Instructions do not allow us, to
raise anybody's salary without your knowledge; we have therefore referred him to
you, promising him our favorable recommendation: we now request your Honors'
advice, whether a reasonable sum may not be granted to him for board money.
As to his services and diligence, we must truly testify, that his industry is astonish-
ing and the progress of the young people remarkable.

Among other necessaries required we would respectfully remind your Honors
and submit, whether It is not possible, to receive by somebody's recommendation
and intervention from the Botanical Garden at Leyden some medicinal seeds and
plants, which could be cultivated here; if so, which we desire most heartily,
please to have some of them sent over by the first opportunity, taking care, that
such seeds be not packed in boxes or pots in the shlpshold, but in small, linen bags,
all placed in a larger one and hung up In the cabin, in the room on the quarterdeck
or in the gunner's quarters, to be preserved from spoiling. — Col. Docs. N. Y'.
xiv. 445.

Order Appointing a Day of General Fasting and Praybb

for October 15, 1659.
Honorable, Dear, FaithfuL* —

Although the most merciful God, rich in grace and compassion,
hath, notwithstanding our unworthincss, watched over us hitherto,
and daily gives us abundant cause to proclaim His praise and to
bless His august name for the innumerable benefits and favors
exhibited from time to time; in granting peace and quiet both
with our neighboring Christian nations and the Indians, the na-
tives of the country, as well as in bestowing a bountiful harvest^
having certainly blessed our basket of bread and staff of life;
w4ierein his goodness and beneficence are clearly manifest:

Yet, considering that the righteous God hath visited many and

1650

1659

452 Ecclesiastical Recokds

divers inhabitants of this Province, not only this summer, with
painful and long, lingering sickness, but, moreover, also, that
His kindled anger and uplifted hand threatened with many and
divers punishments, especially ^vith a devastating Indian war,
which is no other than a just punishment and visitation of our
God for our enormous sins of unbelief, dilatoriness in God's ser-
vice, blaspheming His holy name, desecrating the Sabbath, drunk-
enness, lasciviousness, whordom, hate, envy, lies, fraud, luxury,
abuse of God's gifts, and many other iniquities. And because
we run counter to God in our sins, God, in his threatenings will
oppose us with punishments, unless w^e turn to Him (whom, in
our iniquities, we have abandoned) in sincere humility and true
contrition of heart that He may turn aside His wrath from us,
and assist and bless us with His favor; therefore, we have con-
sidered it most necessary, to that end, to proclaim Wednesday,
the 15th of October of the current year, a day of Universal Fast-
ing and Prayer, and accordingly, notify and command all our
officers and subjects that they prepare themselves on the afore-
said day to appear, at the time aforesaid, with changed heart,
at the usual place in the general meeting, not only to hear God's
Word, but also, unanimously, with an humble and penitent heart,
solemnly to call on the Lord's name that it may please His Divine
Majesty to remove from our road His just plagues, wherewith
we are already stricken, and to divert His rod, which flourishes
over us, and to pour down His wi'ath on the Heathen who know
not His name; to take this just budding Province into His
fatherly protection; to maintain it against the efforts of all evil-
minded men who seek its ruin; mercifully to visit the inhabit-
ants and subjects of this Province Avith corporeal and spiritual
blessings, that the Word of Truth may be proclaimed and spread
among many people, and that their rulers may be as lights among
this evil and perverse generation; that to this end God may vouch-
safe to send forth faithful laborers into His harvest to proclaim
unto Jacob his sins and unto Israel his transgressions; particu-
larly that God would please to endow our Magistrates and Re-

OF THE State of ISTew Yoek. 453

gents of this land with, understanding, wisdom, foresight and
goodness, that they may resolve, design and valiantly execute
whatsoever may be of service to the happiness of the country
and the welfare of its inhabitants both in body and soul.

In order that it may be the better put into practice, we interdict
and forbid, during divine service on the day aforesaid all exercise
and games of tennis, ball-playing, hunting, fishing, ploughing
and sowing, and, moreover, all other unlawful practices, such
as dice, dmnkenness, on pain of the corporeal correction and
punishment thereunto already affixed; in like manner are all ser-
vants of the Divine Word, within our government, hereby ad-
monished to direct their preaching and prayers to this end.

Thus done and concluded in our Council, in Fort Amsterdam,
in Xew N^etherland, the 30th of September, Ann.o 1659.

(Signed), P. Stuyvesant.

Beneath was : —

After collating this with the original, dated and signed as
above, it is found by me to agree.

(Signed), C. van Kuyven, Sec.

On the side was :

Delivered the writing to Domine Welius on the 10th of this
October, 1659.— Col. Docs. K Y. ii. Y8.

Journal of the Dutch Embassy to Maryland.

1659, Sept. 30.
Journal kept by Augustine Heermans during his Embassy from the Right Honor-
able the Director-General, Petrus Stuyvesant and the Supreme Council of New
Netherland, to the Honorable Governor-General and Council of Maryland, touching
the pretentions set up by Colonel Nathaniel Utie to the South River.

1659

October 12/2, Sunday.
Accompanied Mr. Overzee to Secretary Calvorfs to dinner, where Mr. Doughty,
the minister, accidentally called. After the cloth was removed, talked about
his charts or maps of the country, of which he laid on the table two that
were engraved and one In manuscript. One was printed at Amsterdam, by direc-
tion of Captain Smith, the first discoverer of the Great bay of Chesapeake, or.
Virginia; the second appeared also to be printed at Amsterdam, at the time of»
Lord Balthamoor's patent; we knew not by whom or where the manuscript one
was drawn. Ail differed, one from the other. He wished to prove from them the
extent of Lord Balthamoor's boundaries, but we, on the contrary, showed and
maintained that if Chesapeake bay ran, above, so crooked towards the northeait,
they would come so far within our line. — Col. Docs. N. Y. 11. 88, 93.

454 Ecclesiastical Reoobds

1659

Acts of the Glassis of Amsteedam.
Lutheran Church in New ISTetherland.

1659, Nov. 3r(L
The said brethren did also read a letter sent to them from
New Netherland from which are learned the good efforts which
are made there for stopping the Lutheran conventicles, and with
such success that their meetings have been prevented entirely,
and the Lutherans come to church agaia. The minister Gutt-
wasser, has been put in jail and was sent to the Fatherland with
the first ships. The Assembly rejoiced in all this. It was re-
solved to thank the Directors here by word of mouth; and also
the Rev. Brethren thereby better, for the good endeavors put
forth, with the request that their Estimables will be pleased to
extend the same to the Director, (Stuyvesant.) vi. 168.
xix. 59.

Eev. Herman Blom.

1659, Nov. 3rd.
It was also made known in the same (letter) that Rev. Her-
manns Blom, a candidate, had arrived there, provided with his
Academical certificates, and (one, of his) preparatory Examina-
tion. He had preached several times to the great satisfaction
of the hearers. He had made himself so acceptable in at least
two places, that they had invited him to be their minister on
very good terms. To this end Rev. Blom had come back and had
been presented to the Directors, that he might be, according to
the usual order, examined for ordination, and be promoted to the
Sacred Ministry of the Church. Eor this purpose their Revs,
hope to have the favor of the Directors, and request our assist-
ance. The Assembly resolved to summon Rev. Bloem himself
before them, and to confer mth him about this matter. Having
_ been heard, he gave satisfaction to the Assembly on everything
that was proposed to him. They also saw a laudable testimonial
from the bretlixen there, and understood the affection bestowed

OF THE State of New York. 455

upon him by the churches there. They have therefore ckosen
Eev. Hermaimus Bloem as minister to New Netherland. The
approval of the Directors is to be requested, provisionally. Kev.
John Mouvlourt was appointed Examiner. He gave Rev. Bloem
the text 1 John 5 :7. The Eev. Deputati ad causas Indicas will
send out notice of the time (for the meeting) of Classis. vi. 169 ;
xix, 59.

Administrative Minutes of New Amsterdam.
Election of a Churchmaster.

Friday, 14th November 1659: In the City Hall. Present the Heeren Marten
Cregier, Olof Stevensen Oortlant.

Hendriek Jansen Vander Vin appears in Court requesting, that a Churchmaster
be appointed with him instead of Pieter Tonneman. Whereupon Nicaslus de Sille
and Pieter Rudolfus are put in nomination.

1659

Whereas Pieter Tonneman, Churchmaster of this City, has departed hence to
Fatherland in the ship ^he Moesman, and the office is consequently vacant; and
whereas it is necessary the place should be again filled, the Burgomasters therefore
propose to your Honors for this purpose a double nomination to select therefrom
one in the place of the abovenamed Churchmaster: — to wit —

Nicasius de Sille,
Pieter Rudolfus.
Requesting your Honors to be pleased to elect from them such as your Honors
may please; and remain Right Honorable your Honors' Subjects,

The Burgomasters of the City Amsterdam in New Netherland. By order of the
same,

Joannes Nevius, Secretary. — Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. vii. p. 237.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Rev. Blom.

1G59, Nov. ITth.

The call of Rev. Blom to the service of the church of New
Netherland having been laid before the Directors, was followed
by their Estimables, but inasmuch as Rev. Blom will not set
out so very soon, the fixing of the time for liis examination is
for the present postponed. The JJev. Deputati ad res Indicas
are charged to note the time of his departure, so that the time
of his examination may be fixed accordingly, vi. 170, 171 ; xix.
59.

1659

456 Ecclesiastical Kecords

Rev. Polhemius.

1659, IS^ov. 17th.

A letter handed in from Rev. Polhemius, minister in l^ew
iNTetherland, in which he thanks this Classis for the trouble taken
by the same some time ago on behalf of himself and his wife,
vi. 171 ; xix. 59.

Sheeifp Van Schweeingen to the Commissioners of thbj
CoLONiE on the Delaware River.

1659, mv. or Dec.

He alludes to his having requested Domine Welius to ask a
certain favor of the Director for him. In conclusion he says :

" Herewith I commend your Worships to the protection of
God Almighty, who will always keep and preserve you, and direct
your Honor's undertaking to the advancement of this colonic and
God's Church.— Col. Docs. K Y. ii. 106-7.

Vice-Director Alrichs to the Commissioners of the Colonie
OF THE Delaware River.

Again, you are advised that our minister, Domine Everardus
Welius, hath died on the 9th instant, to the sorrow and grief
of us all.

Your Honors are against hereby respectfully requested to pay
as much attention as possible to the sending another minister
hither very speedily, so that the congregation now here collected
may not come all at once to grow wild. Wherewith commend-
ing your Honors to God's protection.

Your Honors' obedient and obliged servant,

(Signed), J. Alrichs.

On one side :

ISTew Amstel, on the South River, in ]^ew ISTetherland, this 12th
December, 1659.— Col. Docs. K Y. ii. 112, 114.

OF THE State of New Yoke. 457

Jacob Aldeichs to Director Stuyvesant ; Death

of Rev. Welius.

1659

Also for Information, that Domine Welius died here, to all our grief and regret,
on the 9th inst., after a sickness of a few days.

New Amstel, this 12tli December, 1659.— Col. Docs. N, Y. ill. 285, 286.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Correspondence from America.

1659, Dec. 12tli.

The Church of Kew Amstel, South River, to the Classis of

Amsterdam.

Reverend, Pious and Learned Gentlemen, and Brethren in
Christ :—

We find ourselves under the sad necessity of informing you
that it has pleased Almighty God to remove to his heavenly glory,
on the 9th inst., our excellent and worthy minister, Domine Ever-
ardus Welius, after he had served this church and congregation,
with godliness of life, and edifying doctrine, for the space of
eighteen (twenty eight?) months. This loss causes here much
sorrow and grief of heart. During this time the church in-
creased remarkably, furnishing proof of your christian care and
providence in her behalf. The church now consists of sixty mem-
bers. It has therefore been greatly strengthened, formerly hav-
ing had only nineteen. Fully confiding in your pious compassion,
and your regard for this people, of which we have already had
such convincing proof, and in orde» that the community may not
run wild, we again send our christian requests, that you would
procure for us another minister and pastor. May one come
among us as soon as possible, who will turn the flock back again.

1659

458 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

We commend yon, Eeverend, Pious and learned brethren in

Christ, to the protection of Almighty God, while we remain,

Your dutiful servants,

J. Alrick ) T-,-, T

T— IT h Jilders.

J ean \\ imams, )

Evert Pieterse, Chorister,

Visitor of the Sick, and

Deacon.
New Amstel, S.E.

December 12, 1659.

On Dec. 12, 1G59, among the items in the debts due in the

Colony of Xew Amstel, is the following : — '^ The creditors of

Andries Hude for the church, nine hundred florins ". (Col. Docs.

K Y. ii. iii.)

Skipper Huts to the Commissioners of the Colonie ox the
Delaware River.

On board the gallot Nleuwer Amstel, lying at the ferry, In front of the Man-
hattans, 24th December, Anno 1659.
Honorable, Wise, Prudent and Right Discreet Gentlemen:

What regards the building carried on there, 'tis of little expense; the first winter
I remained there, I made application for my crew to be allowed to assist the-
carpenters, in putting the Director's house under cover. I gave thirty five days
with my carpenter and pilot; he promised to pay me as much as he had given one
baes Joost, but when the work and also the church and guard-house were finished,
he put me o£f and paid me in sweet words; but he hath paid my carpenter and
pilot.

The death of Everardus Welius, our minister, who piously rested in the Lord on
the 9th instant, has caused deep sorrow here and especially among the virtuous,
who now are almost disconsolate.

Also, Cornells Harpersen de Jager was likewise buried here at the Manhattans
on the 20th instant, so that almost all the people are dead, run away, or banished,
and very little hope is remaining, and there is every appearance of that little,
being less. Dec. 9, 1659.— Col. Docs. N. Y. 11. 114, 115, 116.

William Beeckman to Director Stuyvesaxt;
Burial of Rev. Welius ;

Domine Welius has been buried yesterday, he died of his sickness on the 10th
day. I too have had again an attack of violent fever last Monday night, having*
a great pressure on the chest with violent pains in the side, so that I feel very

OF THE State of Xew Yokk. 459

miserably; during the first three days and nights I discharged only blood and'
phlegm, so that It was horrible to see, it has weakened me so, that I can hardly
walk alone. I hope that the Lord God will grant me a little longer life considering
may wife and little children. Altena. December 13. 1659. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xll.
286, 287. ,

Extract from a letter of the Directors in Holland to Director
Stuyvesant : English settlements on the iSTorth River must
be prevented : Rev. Harmanus Bloem returns to Kew Nethei>
land. 22nd December 1659, received 5th April 1660.

Thus far in answer to your Honors first letter of the 23rd of July; we now
come to the subsequent letters of the 4th, 16th and 17th of September, in which
the principal topic is the distressing condition and decline of the City's Colony;*
as we have replied to this in our last, we shall pass it over here and come to the
one which follows, that is the inclination of and the efforts made by the English,
to form a settlement on the North River near the Wapplnghskll; we Judge the
reasons and difficulties, stated by your Honors regarding this, worth consideration;
also their advice, to anticipate this nation: therefore their coming in and settling
must above all be prevented and hindered by whatever means it can be done with-
out difilculty, as there is no other passage to that place, than along the North;
River. The English government here in this country is, we believe, not in a
position to care for or trouble Itself about such affairs and illegal usurpations In
foreign countries, we are nevertheless glad to hear of your Honors' Intention to
buy the land in that neighborhood in order to make our right Indisputable and
thus to avoid all further cavilling as much as possible, for they often make*
wonderful claims elsewhere, which cause here great troubles and dissatisfaction.
"We shall not rest in the meantime, but make efforts, to get some farmers, (for
whose accommodation farming Implements are going over now) toward spring, for
which we shall also call upon the Polish nobleman Lodem Bachlot and others for
help and assistance, that henceforth the expenses, which the Company lucurs in
bringing over such people, may become a source of profit. We intend also to look
about for some young fellows of fifteen, sixteen or more years, whom we shall
not be afraid of sending over at a monthly salary of four guilders, trusting that
they will be in demand and may be employed in promoting agriculture. In that
case the masters, who shall hire them, must refund to the Company the sums-
advanced for the passage and handsel of the boys, farmers and farm laborerH.
Close attention must be paid to their conduct and work: the Indolent must bei
compelled to work, for it is at least their duty to repay by their labor the sum*
advanced to them. You will make such regulations in this matter, as you will deem
best for the welfare of the Company and the community.

We have heard with deep regret, that the savages have again murdered six
Christians there: as this can only be prevented by the concentration of the
separate dwellings, the people must, necessarily, be compelled to submit to It as
a measure, founded upon sound political reasons and adopted for the benefit and*
preservation of the community. Meanwhile you must endeavor to obtain possession'
of the murderers or at least of some members of their tribe, which, we think,
would serve to get hold of the others by means of threats: or else you must
punish the Innocent, in the hope of checking these barbarous tribes. You ought

* New Amstel. now New Castle, Del. — See Col. Docs., Vol. xll.

t The war carried on successfully at this period by King Frederic of Denmark,
with the assistance of the Dutch, against Charles Gustavus of Sweden and Poland,
seems to have brought the Dutch into closer connection with Poland and put thl.s
notion Into the beads of the Directors.

1659

460 Ecclesiastical Records

under no circumstances settle such murders of Christians by composition, but
rather take the chance to fall upon them tooth and nail. For this purpose wei
provide you with the desired saddles and ammunition of war, as the enclosed'
invoices show, so that you make use of them upon this or other occasions.

At your Honors' recommendation we have engaged here Domine Harmanus Bloem
who now goes there as preacher at a yearly salary of sis hundred guilders, the.
balance up to one thousand or twelve hundred guilders, which is to be raised by
the community, must not be counted and paid to him by them, but by your
Honors, as chief magistrates, for reasons which your Honors will easily compre-
hend; the proper manner, in which this is to be carried out, is left to your Honors'
judgment.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiii. 129, 130.

Letter from the Directors to Stuyvesant ;

Rensselaerwyck ; Latin Schoolmaster.

December 22, 1659.
Honorable, Prudent. Dear, Faithful.

It has never been our intention, that officers and men of ships, sailing to your
ports, should be allowed to trade to the amount of two months' pay without paying
duties; nor shall we allow it now, because we have seen what abuses arise from
it, permission having been given to the steward and cook of the " Trouw " to,
bring over forty beavers and thirty two deerskins, worth more than four times'
two months' pay. It is a bad custom, by which not only the Company, but also
all honest traders suffer, who cannot compete against such hucksters not paying
even freight. Therefore it must be abolished completely and not further connived
at or permitted; such merchandises, taken along by officers and sailors, must be
seized and confiscated, as well as everything else not entered upon our bills of
lading or permits. For this very reason we have here refused to exempt from
the payment of duty the beavers, lately brought over in the aforesaid four ships,
partly under the name of provisions partly otherwise designated, among which

are found to belong to Paulus Leendertsen, ten [beavers] under Domine

Bloms name.

We intend, to send over two or three young preachers on the same conditions,
as Domine Blom, and have been looking about for them; it is not sufficient, that
they lead a good moral life; they must be a peaceable and moderate temperament,
which depends a good deal on the place of their studies; and not be infected with
scruples about unnecessary forms, which cause more division, than edification. The
preachers there, Domines Megapolensis and Drisius, do not seem to be free from
this kind of leaven, for they make difficulties in regard to the use of the old formula
of baptism without order from the Classis here, pretending, that they might be
accused of innovations, although the name of innovators could be better applied
to those, who have made changes in It without the order of the Church generally
or of the Classis. The most moderate preachers here understand this and consider
It an Insignificant ceremony, which may be performed or omitted according to cir-
cumstances and without hurting one's conscience. We had expected, that the
abovementioned preachers and brothers would hold the same opinion after our too
friendly letter to them. We are told, it is true, that the Lutherans come to Church
now, and that everything goes on quietly and peaceably, but care must be taken,
that this state of affairs continue; that is uncertain, as long as such precise forms
and offensive expressions are not avoided. It is absolutely necessary, that they be
avoided in a Church, which is so weak and only beginning to grow, especially when
we consider the difficulties, liable to arise, which might result in the permission to
conduct a separate divine service there; for the Lutherans would very easily obtain
the consent of the authorities here upon a complaint and we would have no means
of preventing it. We find it therefore highly necessary to direct herewith, that

OF THE State of J^ew Yoek. 461

you communicate all this to the aforesaid preachers there and seriously admonish
and recommend them to adopt our advice and use the old formula of baptism
without waiting for further orders from here. That will allay the dissensions in the
state and of the church there.

The two English preachers, for whom their Reverences have aslied to be located
in the English villages under our jurisdiction, will not be sent for the present, be-
cause the country, from which they must come, that is to say, England, Is now very
much disturbed not only in her political, but also in her ecclesiastical government
and therefore it is dangerous. We shall try to find among the Dutch candidates
some, who know enough of the English language to perform the service in both
tongues.

We believe, that the complaints made by the Latin Schoolmaster or rector about
the insufficiency' of his salary, are almost answered by the payment of all salaries
there at Holland valuation, as now ordered; which, with what he receives from his
pupils every year, should be suflicient to support him decently, as long as he re-
mains a single man; with the increase of young people In the school his Income will
increase daily, for the parents of his pupils will not hesitate to remunerate him
fairly, if he does his duty. You can assist him In this matter according to cir-
cumstances.

The medicinal seeds, for which you asked, to propagate them there, shall be
ordered from the academical garden at Leyden, and It Is possible, that they will
be sent herewith.

1659

We believe, we have now answered your letters, but we received with them also
a letter from Domine Drisius, who asks, that he be treated in regard to board,
money in the same manner, as his colleague, Domine Megapolensis, because he too
is burdened with a family. We are of opinion, that he cannot be placed In the«
same category, because his stepchildren* have undoubtedly their father's property
and are no burden to him. You may tell him so; also that we paid to Mr. Edward
Man the amount of his statement of salary earned, but we do not intend to do it
henceforth for the reasons given above; let everybody govern himself accordingly. —
Col. Docs. N. Y. XIV. 448, 451, 452.

Petition of the Minister and Churchmastees of Midwout
FOR Material to Paint Their Church,

Noble, Rigorous and Honorable Gentlemen, Honorable Director General and Gentle-
men of the Council in New Netherland.

The Church edifice at Midwout on Long Island, begun under your Honors' direc-
tion and^now, with God's help, nearly completed, requires according to our and'
many other people's opinion a coat of color and oil, to make It last longer, being
covered on the outside mostly with boards; these materials must necessarily bQ
fetched from the Fatherland, and we request, that it be done upon your Honors'
order and recommendation to the Honorable Company. Which doing, etc.

Your Honors' humble servants

Johannes Theodorus Polhemius, Pr.
This 20th of Jan Strycker.

December 1659,

New Amsterdam in '

New Netherland. *

Having received and read the foregoing petition, the Council decided: The re-
quest shall be submitted to the Lords Directors by the first opportunity. Date as
above (January 23, 16G0.) — Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 447, 448.

* Domine Drisius married Lysbet, the widow of Isaac de Riemer. the daughter
of — Greveni'aedt, in 1G59. Her daughter Margaret became the wife of Cornelius
Steenwyck in 1658 and after his death was married to Domine Henrlcus Sellnus.

1660

462 Ecclesiastical Recobds

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.
Call of a Minister to 'New ITetlierland.

1660, Jan. 5tli.

Rev. Depiitati ad causas Indicas, in order to give infoi-mation
to this Assembly, report, that at theii- urgent request for an in-
crease of ministers in New ISTetherland, thej received response
from the Directors here, that their Honors were disposed and had
resolved to send one more minister thither; and whereas, they
themselves (the Deputies) had heard of the gifts of Rev. Selyns,
they have recommended him, but only so far as still to leave
everything to the free disposal and choice of the Rev. Classis.

The gentlemen were also disposed to send still another minister
thither, who could also preach in the English language, and who
would conform himself, in government, with these churches; and
that the Classis might well look about for such a one without for
the present fixing upon any one; whereupon the matter of the
call was taken in hand.

Rev. Henricus Selyns Called to New ISfetherland.

The brethren candidates who were without the room, having
been called in, viz.. Revs. Paulus Broeckhuyzen, Christianua
Coningsvelt, Henricus Selyns, Ai-noldus Bonzet, Daniel van Swan-
envelt, Petrus Pauw, the inclination of all of whom to serve in
that church had been ascertained; of these were nominated Henri-
cus Selyns, Christianus Coningsvelt, and Peter Pauw; and of these
three Henricus Selyns was chosen by a majority of votes; the ap-
proval of this choice shall be asked (of the West India Company)
by the Deputies ad causas Indicas. He shall be examined, to-
gether with Herm. Bloem, on Feb. 16th, Rev. Mourcourtius being
Examiner; the text Ephes. 2:8, (By grace are ye saved through
faith; and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God.) This

OF THE State of New Yoke. 463

choice was announced to him, (Seljns) and the other candidates
were encouraged in their good intention, and were asked if any
of their number happened to have the faculty of preaching in
English. They all declared they had not advanced so far.

Preacher in the English Lang-uage in New Netherland.

And as regards a minister who can preach in the English lan-
guage, the Deputies were charged to look out for good stuff, and
having discovered such, to communicate with the Rev. Classis, in
order then to negotiate further with the Directors, vi. 172. xix.
69, 60.

Administrative Minutes of New Amsterdam.

Petition of Herman van Hoboocken.

1660, January 16.

M. Hermen van Hooboocke requests by petition, that he may receive an allovrance
from the City, as he Is behind hand with the building of the School, and for divers
other reasons set forth In the petition; on which petition is apostllled: — Petitioner
Is allowed to receive his current year's salary, which shall be paid him at a more
convenient season on an Order of the Burgomasters on the Treasurer, and his allow-
ance henceforth is abolished. — Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. 7. p. 244.

Petition for Land on Long Island and Leave to Settle a
Town " Beyond the Hills by the South Sea ", (Jamaica,
L. L) AND Order of Council Granting it.

To the right ye honnourable lord Stiversen Lord gennerall of the New Netherlands
the humble petition of your lordships humble petlshoners: In as much as we haue
had experians of your lordships willingnes to forwarde any of our nation that
desyer to liue honnestly and peasably by giuinge of them land whereby they may
comfortably liue: we therefore are bold to pettishion to your lordships for: a tracke
of land jylnge beyond the hills by the southe sea which we suppose will be con-
venient for the setiiuge of a towne without any prodigls to your lordshlpc; it Is
therefore our humble request to your lordshipe that you would be pleased to grant
us liberty to settell thereon: som of us haulng iiued thes seaurali years in your
lordships Jurisdiction and haue neuer had any land gluen us but we haue hired land
of others and now considerenge if we doc not settell oursolues whilst we be In our
Btrengthe to goe through our labour; whereby we may gain somethiuge to keep uo
in our agge we shall be rather a cliarge than a benoflte to the commouweaithe:
others of ns haulng soe little not sufficient to Improue for the use of our familys
have put It oft to others that haue less famliys: it Is therefore our humble request
to your lordshlpc to grant us our request and we hope we Indeuor to performe your
lordehips will In what we are able; If your lordshipe shall be pleassed to grant It to
lis %ve shall God willluge settei it this yeare we for the most of us haulug no land
to Improve: other ways we must look to settei ourselves some other way where we

1660

464 Ecclesiastical Records

may haue land to Improue: thus seasing to truble your lorshipe allso hoping you
will be pleassed to glue it to us we rest your lordships humble pettlshonours and

loyall subyectH.

Samuell Coe
John Lawrenson
James Bradlsh
John Coe

The marke R of Richard Betts

The marke & of Thomas Roberts

The marke ( — o of Samuel Sallis

Thms I s Smlt his marke
Richard Fldo his marke

Tho Reade
Nathaniel Hassorde
Joshuah Hassorde
Johathau Hassorde
Gershome Hassorde
(Rev.) John More
Richard G — Inge
Robert Jackson
Nicholas Carter
Hanrey Yemen (?)

his marke

The Governor Generall and Counsell of the Now Netherlands doe graunt by these
presents the petitioners to settle a plantation uppon or about the place mentioned,
uppon such conditions and freedoms as the inhabitants of our owne Nation in this
province doe Enjoye, proveyded that the petitioners and theyre adsoslates for theyre
own Safety and common good doe Settle theyre house Lots Soo cloose as the con-
veniency of the place and Generall order shall admltt.

Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland, February 4, Anno 1660. — Col. Docs. N. Y.
xlv. 456.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Eev. Blom & Rev. Selyns

Ordained as Ministers for ISTew ISTetlierland.

1660, Feb. 16th.

Inasmuch as Daniel Beiikelaers had been permitted to take his
preparatory examination, provided that before it began he should
hand in the testimonials required therefor, these were now
demanded of him. These having been read they satisfied the
Assembly, and he was admitted to examination at the same time
with the two others. After Rev. Hermanus Bloem had preached
on 1 John 5:Y, and Rev: Henricus Selyns on Ephes. 2:8, and

Rev. Daniel Beukelaer on they gave satisfaction, and

thereupon the examination was proceeded with. In this they
satisfied the Assembly, so that Rev. Bloem and Rev. Selyns were

OF THE State of Xew Yoek. 465

admitted to the Highly honorable preachers office for New Nether-
land, with the prayer for the Lord's blessing upon them; and
Rev. Beukelaer to the public candidateship. All three signed the
usual formulae; and Eev. Bloem and Rev. Selyns were ordained
to the ministry with the laying on of hands, by the President for
the time being, of this Assembly, vi, 1Y6 ; xix. 60.

Acts of the Deputies and their Correspondence. Classis of
Amsterdam to Rev. Hermanns Blom, Feb. 16, 1660. Certifi-
cate of his Ordination. See also Doc. Hist. IST. Y. iii, 581.

"WTiereas it is indispensably required, that the honor of God
and the salvation of men be promoted to the best of our abilities,
and for this end religious meetings ought to be instituted and
encouraged by the pure preaching of the Word of God, the lawful
administration of the Sacraments, the public invocation of the
name of the Lord, and what further is belonging to the dutiful
worship; and whereas the situation of Esopus in New Nether-
land requires, that a duly qualified person, be sent thither as a
lawfully ordained minister, who can execute there the ministerial
functions in every particular part in conformity to the church
government and the Word of God, and in unison with the laud-
able usages of the Reformed Churches in this country and who
is able to maintain and defend these. Therefore, we, the minis-
ters of the Word of God and elders of the congregations of Christ,
belonging to the Classis of Amsterdam, after the invocation of
the name of God, and in his fear, with the approbation of the
noble Directors of the West India Company, after a faithful
examination in the principal doctrines of the Christian Reformed
Churcli — and after having received satisfactory evidence of the
pious life and requisite talents for the ministry of the Gospel,
and after he signed the Netherlands Confession, the Christian
Catechism and Canons of the National Synod, have ordained the
Reverend, pious, prudent ami learned minister Hermanns Blom
with the solemn imposition of hands, to preach there, both on
30

1660

466 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

water and on tlie land and in all the neighborhood, but principally
in Esopus, the holy and the only saving doctrine of the Word of
God in its purity, to administer the Sacraments agreeably to
Christ's institution, with propriety to give an example to his con-
gregation of public prayers, to keep them with the aid of his
consistory in a good discipline and order, all in conformity to the
Word of God and the formularies of the ISTetherland Churches
and the Christian Catechism, soliciting all our brethren to accept
him as a lawful brother, and lawfully called minister of the Gos-,
pel of Christ, to honor him for the sake of his ministry, and to
assist him whenever it is in their power, so that he may officiate
unmolested -and cheerfully, to glorify God's name and the con-
version and salvation of souls.

The Almighty God, who has called this minister to the service
of his church enrich him more and more mth all talents and
the blessings of his Holy Ghost, so that his labors may be crowned
with abundant success, to the glory of his name, and salvation
of men, and reward and adorn him, at the appearance of the great
Shepherd of Sheep with the never fading croAvn of eternal glory.

Done in a Classical meeting in Amsterdam Feb. 16, 1660.

In the name and by order of all

.(was signed)

Petrus Proeleus, Eccles.

Amstelodamensis, et De

putatonim ad causas In-

dicas P* scriba.

1660, Feb. 16th.

The call of the Eev. Selyns to Brooklyn, by Rev. Classis of Amster-
dam, with the approbation of the Directors of the Chamber of
Amsterdam, of the West India Company.

As it is necessary that all means should be employed for the
promotion of the glory of God and the sah^ation of men, and to
that end, religious public assemblies and worship must be recog-

OF THE State of New Yoek. 467

1660

nized and observed, with the pure preaching of the "Word, the
lawful administration of the sacraments, and the public calling
upon the name of the Lord, and whatever else belongs to well
ordered worship: and inasmuch as, the circumstances of Brooklyn
in ISTew I^Tetherland, requires that a duly qualified person should
be sent thither, to discharge all the duties of the ministry, accord-
ing to the standard, government and customs of the church here:
Therefore we, the Ministers of the AVord of God and Elders of
the Church of Jesus Christ, belonging to the Classis of Amster-
dam, after calling upon the name of the Lord, and with the appro-
bation of the Directors of the West India Company, instituted
suitable examinations on the principal heads of christian doctrine ;
and finding sufficient e\ddence of godliness of life, and discover-
ing the necessary and proper gifts for ministerial work, and after
subscription by him to the Netherlands Confession of Faith, the
Heidelberg Catechism, and the Canons of the Synod of Dort,
have, Tvith the solemn laying on of hands, authorized and invested,
and do hereby authorize and invest, the Rev. pious, prudent and
learned Henry Selyns, to preach the entire and saving W^ord of
God, whether on water or on land, on his way thither, and especi-
ally when he shall have arrived at his place of destination; to
administer Sacraments according to the institution of Christ; to
lead in the public prayers of the congregation; and in conjunc-
tion Avith the officers of the church, to preserve discipline and
order; all in conformity with the Confession of Faith of the
Netherlands church and the Heidelberg Catechism. "We request
all to whom our brother may come, to acknowledge him as a law-
fully called minister of Jesus Christ, to esteem him highly in love
for his works' sake, to aid him as far as may be in their power,
that he may prosecute his work without hinderance; and with joy,
to the glory of God's holy name, and the conversion and salvation
of souls.

May Almighty God, who has called this brother to the holy
ministry, increasingly enrich him with all necessary gifts, abun-

1660

468 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

dantlv bless his labors in the conversion of mnltitiides, and award
to him, when the great Shepherd of the Sheep shall appear, the
unfading crown of eternal glory.

Done in our meeting of Classis at Amsterdam, Feb. 16, 1660
In the name, and by order of the Classis.

SigTied Petrus Plairenis, Ecc. Amstel et

Depiitatornm ad res Indicas, p. t.
scriba.
Samuel Coop a Groen, Ecc. Amstel.
et Classis p. t. Deputatus.

Lucas Van ISToort, Ecc. in .

p. t. ad causas Indicas Deputatus.

(On another copy, the signatures to the Call are Joannes de
Moncourt, President of Classis, and Examiner; and Cornelius
Cosijus, Secretary, protem.)

Endorsed as follows : " The within act of the Classis of Amster-
dam was approved by the Directors of the Chartered West India
Company, by the Chamber here. Mar. 26, 1660 ".

David Van Baerle.

Edward Maun.

Proclamation Eebruaby 23, 1660, Appointing a Day of Gen-
eral Fasting and Prayer, for March 24th.

Respected, Dear. Faithful. Whereas it has pleased the Almighty God. the just
Judge of heaven and the whole earth, to visit us, or at least many of us, justly for
our sins, the cause of all punishment, with hot fevers, heavy colds, giddiness of the
head any many other diseases, the province in general with threatened invasions
and attacks by our neighbors on the territories, streams and rivers, long possessed
by us, with rumors of war and its immediate consequences, murder and arson by
the savage barbarous natives committed here as well as principally on our friends,
countrymen and fellow-inhabitants on the Esopus, which though the righteous but
not less merciful God has mitigated and so directed, that it did not happen, against
our expectation, in the worst manner and according to the evil intentions of the
barbarians and has made it cease for the present desiring doubtless our penitence
and turning away from our crying and God irritating sins, as the abominable dese-
cration of his Sabbath and His Name by swearing and cursing, our indifference
and negligence regarding his service, our drunkennes.s, feasting, voluptuousness,
adultery, deception and other heinous sins, which prevail among us to our shame
before Christian neighbors and barbarous natives, from which if we do not turn
away, we can only expect, that like others we shall perish and that not the tower
of Siloa but the wrath* of God will fall upon us from heaven and envelop us Ini^

OF THE State of 'Niew York. 469

flames for our greater punishment, if we do not change to prevent one and obtain
the other from the All-Good God, Therefore, the Director General and Council have
thought necessary to appoint and proclaim for this purpose a day of general fasting
and prayer, which shall he kept throughout this province on Wednesday before
Easter, being the 24th of March, and all Inhabitants of this province, officers as
well as subjects are hereby directed to appear on the aforesaid day in the churches
or where God's Word is usually preached and taught, and after listening to God's
Holy Words to call with humble and contrite hearts solemnly upon the name of the
Lord, to pray and beseech Him that his divine Majesty may please, to turn aside
his righteous visitations and well-deserved punishments which our crying and dread-
ful sins have brought upon us, and to make them cease, to continue the peace and
good correspondence between us and our neighbors, to take us and this newly
opened province into his fatherly protection and to maintain it against the practices
of these barbarous natives and all evil minded" people, who attempt its ruin and
destruction, to bless the fruits of the earth with early and late rains and above all
to allow the fear and knowledge of His Name and hate of our own sins to grow and
to increase among us, principally also that His Divine Majesty will please to favor
the authorities of this country with understanding, wisdom, discretion and godli-
ness, that they may contemplate, resolve and courageously carry out what may be
useful for the welfare of the country and the well-lieing of its good inhabitants.
That this may be done and executed so much better, the Director General and'
Council forbid during divine service on the aforesaid day of general fasting and
prayer all exercises of playing tennis or ball, hunting, fishing, driving, ploughing,
sowing, mowing, all illicit amusements as dicing and hard drinking under the pen-
alty formerly imposed thereon and the servants of God's Holy Word within this
our Government are requested, to adapt their sermons and prayers accordingly.
Thus done at the meeting of the Right Honorable Director General and Council,
held at Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland, the 23rd of February Anno 1660. — Col.
Docs. N. Y. xiii. 144, 145.

* In the original: " de tooren van Slloa, maer de toorne Godts ", a play of words,
which cannot be rendered Into English.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies and their Correspondence. Meeting of
March 1, 1660. Copy of the response, written March 1, 1660,
to the Rev, Consistories in New l^etherland, and sent \vith
Revs. Herman Blom and Henry Selyns, traveling thither as
ministers, xx. 408-410.

Reverend, Godly, Very Learned Brethren and Co-workers in the
work of the Lord :— '

Yours of Sept. 24, 1658, as also of Sept. 10, 1659, have come
safely to hand, showdng especially your joy at the favorable an-
swers given by the Honorable XIX to our requests. They ex-
hibited also a grateful appreciation of the diligence used by us
(the Classis) respecting those things which pertain to the best
interests of God's church in your regions, and of our desire for

1660

470 Ecclesiastical Records

the peace of the same. We very gladly took the trouble, even
as at no time have we failed to make efforts at your expressed
desires, and according to your written requests, to secure from
the said Hon. Gentlemen, the sending, provisionally, of two min-
isters to the new German (Dutch) villages. Their excellencies
kindly granted our requests. Thereupon the Rev. Classis legally
called Rev. Herman Blom, who came over in the previous year
with your recommendation, for settlement at Esopus; and the
Rev. Henry Selyns, to supply Brooklyn. After proper exami-
nation and ordination, these two individuals are sent over to you,
as will appear more at length from their letters of commission.

Also for the reasons mentioned in your communications, we
have requested letters for the English villages. Their Honors
gave their consent that we should look about for a proper person,
free from Independent and other ISTew England notions, as their
Honors have understood that such a person might do great harm
there. The Rev. Classis has accordingly charged us to inquire
for a proper person. In this undertaking we are now occupied,
and hope ere long to find some one, satisfactory to the Hon.
Directors and to yourselves, who may (in the English tongue)
ably edify the church of God, in your regions, through his grace.

Concerning the Quakers, Lutherans and other sectaries, their
Honors asserted, that from the beginning, they had established
the rule, that only the Reformed Religion should be exercised
within your province. Moreover, as far as regards their Honors'
intention, the Director-General was very favorably disposed
thereto, and has shown himself very figilant in that work, and
their Honors would not be backward in promoting the success
of the same. Wherefore we feel at rest on that point, although
John Gutwasser had already arrived, in good health, in your coun-
try. Eor all this, the Rev. Classis rejoiced, and thanked the
Hon. Directors, while your measures, taken in this matter, are
commended. We request that you will be pleased to return our

OF THE State of Xew York. 471

cordial thanks to Hon. Director-General Stuyvesant, for his emi-
nent zeal in this whole affair.

It was further added by their Honors, that they would gladly
see some moderation and laxity allowed on your part, in certain
phrases, in the Formula of Baptism, etc. This, in their Honors
opinion, might be productive of much good in your locality. But
we defended you, before their Honors, with all our might, in
accordance with the explanations you made, against the alleged
false accusations of the Lutherans ; and as in respect to the altera-
tion in the words of the usual Form of Baptism, you have ex-
pressed 3^our determination to consult our Rev. Classis; so we
consider that you have, for weighty reasons, properly held your-
selves to it hitherto; and it has been thought advisable earnestly
to admonish you not to depart from the usual Forms. Finally,
their Honors expressed their dissatisfaction at the infrequent cor-
respondence of the church in New iSTetherland with their Honors.
They strongly insisted on reading your letters sent to us. These
were therefore handed over to their Honors, after pre^dous com-
munication and consent of the Rev. Classis.

Our meeting has also agreed to recommend you to correspond
more frequently with their Honors, as occasion may serve, to
their Honors' great satisfaction. This ^vill be useful, as then we
will not be compelled, as previously, to hand over to their Hon-
ors, your letters addressed to us.

We have lately learned, to our sorrow, of tho unfortunate
decease of Rev. Mr. Welius at New Amstel. ATe will see what
the Rev. Classis "^nll deem advisable for the interests of that
place. Rev. Adrian Wardmond, having received a call as pastor
to Curacoa, was finally examined for ordination on Feb. 3, 1G59,
and thereupon was ordained to his office, and subsequently de-
parted for that place. Concerning the business of Rev. Mr. Pol-
hemus, we will, at the earliest opportunity write to his Rev. more
particularly.

In expectation then, of further correspondence, we commend

1660

472 Ecclesiastical Records

your Reverences, godlj, provident, very learned gentlemen and

brethren, to our God and the word of his grace.

Done in our meeting of Deputies on the Affairs of the Colonial

Church, March 1, 1660, and signed in behalf of, and by order of

their Reverences, as clerk,

Peter Proelius, Ecc. Amstel.

Ecclesiastical Testimonial to Selyns.

1660, March 11th.

We the ministers and elders of the Church of Jesus Christ,
at Amsterdam, hereby testify that the Rev. pious and learned
Domine Henry Selyns, who has been chosen minister of the
Church of Jesus Christ at Brooklyn, in 'New ]N"etherland, is a
member of the true Reformed Christian Church. During the
time he, has sojourned among us (at iSTew Amsterdam), he has
not only diligently attended the public means of grace, for the
promotion of his own salvation, but he has frequently preached
with much acceptance, and to the edification of our church. He
has also, so far as is to us known, lived a pious and exemplary
life. Wherefore we request all our Rev. brethren and officers
of the church of Jesus Christ, to whom this testimonial may
be exhibited, to receive him with all christian affection. We
wish, in behalf of our Rev. brother, a speedy and prosperous
voyage, and a rich divine blessing upon his ministry, to the honor
of the divine name, and the extention of the kingdom of Jesus
Christ.

Done in our ecclesiastical meeting, March 11, 1660.
In the name and by order of all,

Johannes Rulaeus, Ecc. Amstel.
et. p. t. Synedrii scriba.

(On the back of Selyns's call was written, " The within act
of the Classis of Amsterdam is approved by the West India Com-
pany, this 26th "

David Van Baerle.

Edward Mann.)

OF THE State of JSTew York. 473

Lettee from the Directors iisr Holland to Stutvesant. Eev.
Harmanus Blom E-eturns to IsTew N^etheeland to Take
Chaege of the Congeegation at Esopus.

The 29th March, 1660.

Honorable, Prudent, Beloved, Faithful. We forgot in our last letter, a copy of
which Is here enclosed, to mention the engagement here of another preacher, be-
sides Domine Blom (who has been married here), called Domine Henricus Selyns
under the same salary and conditions; they both go over in the ship " de Bever ",
the first to take charge of the ministry at the Esopus, the other in the village of
Breuckelen. To carry on the service some books are sent over, which your Honors
will hand to them, besides the small psalters, prayers and catechisms, to be dis-
tributed and used as proper under the community in each respective place for
teaching. Closing herewith, as the time does not permit to write more. Honorable,
Prudent, Beloved, Faithful, we commend your Honors to the protection of God.

By order of the Lords Directors of the West India Company, Department of
Amsterdam.

Amsterdam, 29th March 1660.

To the Director General and Council of New Netherland. Eecelved by " de
vergulde Bever " arrived 11th June 1660.— Col._ Docs. N. Y. xiil. 155.

Acts of the Classis of Amsteedam.

'New l^etherland, (Death of Welius)

1660, April 5th.

Eev. Koop a Green submits that another person should be sent
to New l^etherland in place of Rev. Welius; but it is not yet
known who shall send him, whether the city or the Company,
vi. 1Y8. xix. 60.

(The City of Amsterdam had owned the Colony on the Dela-
ware from 1656.)

Petition of the Inhabitants of Geavesend foe the Appoint-
ment OF A Clergyman and Answer Thereto.

To the Noble, Very Worshipful, Honorable Director General and Council residing
at New Amsterdam In New Netherland. Some of the undersigned Inhabitants of
the village of Gravesend, your Honors' subjects, very respectfully show the
licentious mode of living, the desecration of the Sabbath, the confusion of religious
opinion prevalent in this village, so that many have grown cold In the exercise of
Christian virtues and almost surpass the heathens, who have no knowledge of God
and his commandments: the words of the wise King Solomon are applicable here,
that where prophecy ceases, the people grow savage and licentious; ami as the fear
of the Lord alone holds out promises of temporal and eternal blessings, and as we,
your petitioners, to our sorrow and constant regret, see no means, by which to
make a change for the better, we have concluded, to address ourselves to your

1660

474 Ecclesiastical Records

Honors, as being the only hope for us and the well being of this community, and
humbly and respectfully to ask and to pray, that a preacher or pastor be sent here,
that then the glory of God may be spread, the ignorant taught, the simple and
innocent strengthened and the licentious refrained. Then we shall be able to live
in greater peace and in the fear of the Lord under your Honors' wise administration
and government; whereupon relying we await your Honors' favorable reply and so
doing etc.

Jan Jansen Verryu
Karsten Jansen
This mark + is made
by E. Benoni?
Karsten Jacobsen
Jan Bomess
The marks 4- J Kim made by Anthony

Jansen and his brother-in-law Jan Emans
The mark M made by Sarles Morgan the Schout

Li-eutenaut Nicholas Stillwell
The mark ^j made by Louris Pittersen.
April 12, 1660.— Col. Docs. N. T. siv. 460.

Letter from the Directors in Holland to Stuyvesant:
Clergymen and Church Affairs ; Sheriff of ISTew Amster-
dam.

April 16, 1660.

Honorable, Prudent, Pious, Dear, Faithful. We informed you briefly, by the
" Bever ", by which we sent a duplicate of our last letter, that besides the two
preachers Domines Bloom and Selyns, also some books were sent, which were to be
given to and used by them for the public service; this must be strictly adhered to.
Before their departure we have sounded both the preachers concerning the old'
formula of baptism, to discover, whether they would make difBculties about using
it; but they answered negatively, considering it a matter of no importance and
engaged themselves to make use of it in the exercise of their clerical duties. You
will find therefore the old formula in both the testaments in 4to, which we send,
placed in its proper place in the appendix, also in the Psalm liooks in 8° and
12°, printed with notes, to be given to Domines Megapolensis and Drisius, that they
too may use it at the proper occasions and carry out our good intentions and wishes,
which they must not oppose; for it would displease us on account of the loss and
injury to the province and the church there. We told you this before and refer to
our former letter for brevity's sake.

As we are told, that Rector Curtius practices medicine there and therefore asked
to have a herbarium sent to him, we have been willing to provide him with one-
herewith; you will hand it to him with the understanding, that it shall not cease
to be property of the Company; likewise the books sent with and for the above-
mentioned clergymen. You will make a note of this, that it may not be forgotten.
Herewith etc., etc.

Your good friends,

The Directors of the West India Company
Department of Amsterdam.

Abr. Wilmerdonck
C. Burgh.
To the Director General and Council in New Netherland.
Amsterdam, April 16, 1660.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 461, 462.

OF THE State of ISTew York. 475

Letter from Stuyvesant to the Directors ln" Holland:
Blom — The Preachers : — Form of Baptism.

1660

The beavers of Peter Tonneman, one hundred and bIx pieces belonging to Baltha-
zar and Nicolas Bayard, both clerks in the Secretary's office and to Nicolas Varlet,
Commissary of the Warehouse, had been given them on account of their earned
salary and the payment of duties had therefore been referred to your Honors' dis-
cretion and approval. As to the beavers of Councillor de Decker and Domine Blom,
the one ex merito, the other ex gratia hoping to receive some favor from you, re-
quested to be exempted here from the payment of duties, which out of consideration
we granted, but only subject to your approval. We shall henceforth strictly obey
your orders in this respect.

We are sorry, that your Honors are so displeased, as your expressions make us
presume, with the preachers here, whose zeal in teaching, admonishing and punish-
ing, whose peaceable, and edifying life and conduct, agreeable not only to ourselves,
but also to the whole community, compels them and us to pray, that God may give
them long life for the best of his infant Church here and to assure your Honors,
that neither of them can be suspected of any leaven of innovation or turbulence.
In consideration hereof, we have so far withheld your expressions and shall con-
tinue to do so, in order not to discourage them in their good and faithful service.
We shall however, not fail, to communicate to them your wishes, while it would
help much in observing and carrying out your orders, if some psalm books or special
liturgies of the Reformed Church or formularlties of baptism could be found some-
where and be sent over, in which the words " here present " are not used.

Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland, April 21, 1660. — Col. Doc. N. Y. xiv. 467.

469, 472.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

New ISTetherland. (ISTew Amstel.)

. 1660, May 4tli.

On the representation of Bev. Koop a Green, as to filling the
place of Rev. AVelins in ISTew ISTetherland, it was resolved that
Bev. Deputati ad eaiisas Indicas, shall make further inquiry there-
about, vi. 181 ; xix, 60.

Council Minute. Church at Midwout.

Petition of Auke Jans for payment for his work on the Church at Midwout.

Tuesday May 11, 1600.

Present the Director General, Petrus Stuyvesant, and Councillor Nicasius de Sllle.
To the Very Worshipful, Honorable Director General and Council of Now Nether-
land.

Shows with due respect Auke Jansen, carpenter on Long Island, that he agreed
with Domine Polhemius and Jan Stryckor to build pur.suant to the accompanying
plan a church at Midwout on Long Island, which work he has not only completed

1660

4Y6 Ecclesiastical Records

In accordance with the said plan, but by order of the aforesaid he has done also
some other outside worl£, not covered by the plan; and whereas his employers now
fall to pay to petitioner his well earned wages under various frivolous pretexts,
whereby they excessively wrong your petitioner, burdened with a large family.
Therefore he is compelled to turn to your Honors, humbly praying and asking, that
expert arbitrators be appointed, to hear your petitioner and the other parties In
this case and, if possible, bring about an agreement on the account and payment;
If not, to report to your Honors, that the matter be settled, as it ought to be.
Awaiting your Honors' favorable reply he remains,

Your Honors' obedient servant,

Auke Jans.
It was answered:

The Director General and Council of New Netherland requests, appoint and au-
thorize herewith Abraham Martensen Clock and Frederick Phillpsen, carpenters, to
proceed, pursuant to the petitioner's prayer, to the village of Midwout, to inspect
the work, spoken of in the petition, and to examine, what the petitioner did more,
than was called for by the plan and how he did it. They are then to appraise the
pay, earned by the petitioner, and make a full report of their proceeding to os.

Amsterdam in New Netherland, date as above. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 473, 474.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

New ISTetlierland.
; 1660, June 1st.

Revs. Deputati ad causas Indicas report in regard to the sub-
ject of 'New JSTetherland, that they had made inquiries in regard
'to it of the Directors, who had offered that the Burgomasters
ehould take the place again under their care; but as yet the Bur-
gomasters have not been able to make up their mind thereto; but
they expect thence very soon a certain person whom they first*
wish to hear in regard to it, and mil then further discuss the
Matter. The result of this will be awaited, and the Deputati ad
causas shall inquire about it in due time. vi. 185 ; xix. 61.

Questions before Baptism in ISTew Netherland.

1660, June 1st.
Rev. Yinckius states that he has been informed that the
Directors of the West India Company desire a change in the form
of questions in the administration of Sacred Baptism. To this
end having already caused Forms to be printed, in which the
word " Here " (Alhier) is left out, (as taught here in this Chris-
tian Church) and want the same to be used in this shape in New
Netherland. Revs. Deputati ad causas Indicas were enjoined to
make inquiry concerning the same. vi. 18Y; xix. 61.

OF THE State of I^ew Yokk. 477

Council Minute. Church Matters in Brooklyn.

July 5th, 1660.

1660

Present his Honor, the Director General Petrus Stuyvesant, and the Councillora
NlcasluB de Sllle and Johan de Deckere.

Before the Council appeared Jorls Dlrck and Jorls Rapallje, Magistrates of the
Tillage of Breuckelen on Long Island and stated, that pursuant to an order from
the Honorable Director General they had convened all the Inhabitants of the village
of Breuckelen, had talked to them and investigated, how much they could together
contribute to the salary of Domlne Selyns; that after much trouble they could dis-
cover and bring together not more than three hundred guilders yearly, to be paid
In grain at beaver valuation, and besides they would provide a suitable lodging for
said Domine Selyns. They were told, that the said Domlne Selyns had been
promised a salary of about twelve hundred florins yearly and come here on that
promise, therefore this sum must be collected and the Company would for the
present contribute towards it the tenths from the said village, but they must
endeavor to collect the balance. They declared, that it was impossible for the In-
habitants of the village, because the burden would fall upon a few, the rest being
people, who had nothing but their daily wages. They were reminded, that they
should have considered that, before they asked for and called a clergyman. Reply-
ing, that they hoped the village would increase daily and they would therefore be
able to contribute more In the future, they requested, that the said Domine Selyns
should come there by the first opportunity. Date as above.

His Honor, the Director General, Petrus Stuyvesant, having been Informed of the
inability of the Inhabitants of Breuckelen, offers, provisionally and until their
situation has Improved, to pay to the Company two hundred aud lifty guilders
yearly towards the salary of the said Domine Selyns on condition that the Domine
shall preach at his Honor's bouwery on Manhattan Island on Sunday evenings.
The Council after considering the offer accepted it and with his Honor resolved, to
inform Domine Selyns of it. Date as above. — Col. Docs. N. Y. ilv. 477, 479.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Form of Baptism in New Netherland.

1660, July 6th.

Rev. Deputati ad causas Indicas report regarding the change
in the rormulse of Baptism in New Netherland that they have
found that such a resolution was adopted by the Directors; that
the word " Here " (Alhier) in the Form of Baptism was left out;
and to this end they had already sent over there some old copies
for the use there, in which the same is not found. At a subse-
quent meeting this shall be more fully discussed, vi. 190 ; xix. 62.

1660

478 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

Administrative Minutes of ISTew Amsteex>am,
Salary of Ciirtius, Latin teacher.

1660, August 9.

Whereas the Honorable Director General and Burgomasters have last year
allowed to and ordained the Rector Carolue Curtius to take six guilders per quarter
school money for each boy, and Burgomasters had, on these conditions allowed him
a yearly salary from this City of two hundred guilders and whereas it has come to
the Burgomasters ears, that the Rector, of his own pleasure takes one beaver per
quarter from each boy which is contrary to the order; Burgomasters do, therefore
hereby give him warning and notice, not to take any more, than what is fixed upon
by the Honorable Director General and Burgomasters, or through neglect thereof
Burgomasters shall retain his Yearly Stipend, which the Rector receives from this
City and he shall receive no further allowance from this City. Done Amsterdam in
New Netherland, the 9th August 1660. — Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. vii. p. 257.

Synod of N^orth Holland, at Enckhuyzen.

1660, Aug. 10 et seq.

Art. 29. Extract from a letter dated September 10, 1659, at
l^&w Amsterdam, in New j^etherland.

The Brethren relate that the Lutheran pastor (Phar-heer) John
(Ernest) Goetwasser had been thrown into jail by Governor Stuy-
vesant, inasmuch as he was unwilling to heed the command of the
authorities to cease to hold Lutheran conventicles; and that in
the spring he had been sent to Holland in the ship the Bruynvis.

That the Lutheran conventicles had thereby been stopped, and
that the Lutherans now again come to the meetings of the
Reformed. Rev. Everardus Weelius had died in New Netherland.

There have been sent as ministers to New Netherland Rev.
Hermanns Blom and Rev. Henricus Selyns.

As yet no English candidate has been found to preach also in
the villages, among the English in that language. Further effort •
will yet be made.

OF THE State of !N'ew York. 479

Petition of Kev, Hermanus Blom and Rev. Henbicus Selynus
FOR AN Allowance for Board and Lodgings, While De-
tained at ITew Amsterdam on Their Way to Their Places
OF Destination, Respectively Esofus and Brooklyn,
Granted.

Thursday September 2 (1660.)
Present in Council the Honorable Director General Petrus Stuyvesant, Messires
Nicasius de Sille and Johan de Deckere, Councillors.

To the Right Honorable Director General and Council of New Netherland.

Whereas we, the undersigned, have left home in the service and employ of the
right Honorable Lords Directors of the Incorporated West India Company, Depart-
ment of Amsterdam, to preach the Holy Gospel and by God's grace have safely
arrived in New Netherland, but could not be immediately forwarded to our places
(to wit Esopus and Brooklyn, where we were ordered by their Lordships to take
charge of the divine service and propagate the knowledge of God) Except upon a
proper and solemn order of your Honorable Worships and have especially at the
Manhattans, where we took up our provisional residence, waited with sincere desire
for the time and opportunity of being forwarded and introduced into the service of
the Church, Therefore we, the petitioners, request with all respect and due rever-
ence, that your Honorable Worships will please to take upon themselves the pay-
ment of our expenses for board and lodgings, according to the laudable instructions
given by the Honorable Assembly of the XIX and delivered to us, the petitioners,
with new signatures by the Lords Directors, reading: Article XV the preachers etc.
By doing this, your Honorable Worships will oblige the petitioners and animate
them in their service of the Word, in the meantime they hope for a favorable reso-
lution and remain.

Your Honorable Worships' faithful servants,

(signed) Hermanns Blom,

Pastor at Esopus.
Henricus Selyns,

Pastor at Breuckelen.

The foregoing petition having been received and read, the following decision was
made:

For as long a time as the petitioners have been here at this place from their
arrival until this day one bever per week shall be allowed to them for board and
lodgings. Date as above. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiii. ISG, 187.

The Formal Introduction of Rev. Henry Selyns to the
Church of Brooklyn. Letter of Gov. Stuyvesant to the
Consistory, Sept. 3, 1660.

To the Church Council at Breuckelen: —

The church of Breuckelen, requested the Director-General
and Council, that on account of the fatigue of the journey
from Brooklyn to Midwout, and the great age of Rev. J. Pol-
hemus, to whom it proves burdensome, a preacher should be

1660

480 Ecclesiastical Records

provided for them for the promotion of true religion and their
edification. Their request was deemed reasonable, and it was
ordered that it should be sent to the Hon. Directors of the West
India Company, with the expectation that it would be granted.

Rev. Henry Selyns having come in answer to the above request,
to proclaim the Gospel there, and to administer the sacraments,
his Honor, the said Director-General, after several conferences
and a suitable contract with the delegates from Breuckelen, has
sent thither the said minister, accompanied by the Hon. Deputies,
Nicasius De Sille, Councilor and Fiscal of E"ew ISTetherland, and
Hon. Martin Krieger, Burgomaster of New Amsterdam, in New
IsTetherland, in order that he might be presented and installed as
minister, with the following missive:

Honorable and Dearly Beloved : —

This short and open letter serves as an introduction to the
bearer. Rev. Henry Selyns, by the Honorable, the Director of
the Chamber at Amsterdam. He has taken upon himself the
ministerial office at your request in your correspondence, in order
to fulfill whatever pertains to said office in the town of Breuck-
elen, wherein you reside. We commend him to you. Receive
him with affection; hold him in honor and respect; attend on
his services with readiness and punctuality; and provide him
vdth a comfortable dwelling house according to your promise; to
the end that he may be increasingly encouraged in his ministry
among you, to the glory of God and your salvation. Tor this
object may the good God send his richest blessings. With our
salutations, we join our prayers, that God would keep you all
under his divine protection, and defend you.

Your affectionate friend, the Governor,

Peter Stuyvesant.
Done at Fort Amsterdam,
New Netherland,
Sept. 3, 1660.

OF THE State of New Yoek, 481

This letter was read by the said Honorable Fiscal before the
consistory and schepens of Breiickelen. They returned their
thanks to the Honorable, the Director-General, and those whom
he had deputed, and acknowledged Rev. Henry Selyns as their
lawful minister. Whereupon Domine Selyns, in the presence of
the Deputies, proceeded to deliver a sermon, introductory to his
ministry. In this he declared his devotion to the people now
entrusted to his care.

The Consistoky of Bkooklyn to Domhste Polhemus.

1660, Sept. 7th.

It was suggested whether it would not be right and proper
for the consistory^ of Brooklyn to address a letter to Domine
John Polhemus, returning to him their thanks for his faithful
ministry and singular diligence, which he has so zealously exer-
cised, notwithstanding his great age. The consistory highly
approved of this, considering it their duty to furnish an appro-
priate testimonial of their gratitude. The following letter was
prepared and sent : —

Eev. and respected brother in Jesus Christ : —

As the salvation of men renders requisite the preaching and
hearing of tlie Gospel, and tho use of the precious Sacraments,
we desire not to be in any wise unthankful. In the name of the
God of heaven and earth, we thank you that you have dispensed
his word to us in such a faithful and paternal manner, and (ex-
liil)ited his) spirit in our congregation. We also thank you for
your devoted labor and acceptable instruction. It must be our
own fault, if we bring forth no fruits of repentance and holiness.
Having taken into consideration your great age and the burden-
some character of the services, we have requested from the Hon.
Director-General, and the Directors of the West India Company,
your dismission from us, and by God's favor, have obtained the
•same. At the same time they liave sent to us Domine Hcnricus
31

1660

482 Ecclesiastical Records

Selyns, who was introduced at Brooklyn, by the Hon. Fiscal,
Nicasius de Sille, and the Burgomaster, Martin Krieger, with a
letter from the Hon. Director-General ; and he has been accepted
by the congregation. Receive then, Rev. and respected brother,
the assurance of our gratitude, while we cordially commend you, '
and the churches which have been under your care, to the pro-
tection of the Most High.
Brooklyn, Sept. 7, 1660. Joris Dirkse.

Willem Bredenhaut.

1660, Sept. 12th.

Joris Dirckse, elder, represented that he had communicated the
letter of thanks to the Rev. Johannes Polhemus, which was very
acceptable to him. Domine Polhemus handed to him the follow
list of members within the jurisdiction of Brooklyn.

Joris Dirkse, Susanna Dubbels, Albert Cornelison, Tryntje
Hudders, William Garretse Van Couwenhoven, Aeltje Joris, Pe-
ter Montfoort, Sarah de Planck, Jan. Evertse, Tryntje Symons,
William Bredenbant, Aeltje Brackunde, Jan Pieterson, Grietje
Jans, Teunis ISTysser, Femmetje Jans, Adam Brower, Magdalena
Jacobs, Johannes Marcus, Elsie Hendricks, Teunis Janse, Bar-
bara Lucas, Jan Jorisse, Jan Hyber [or Hibbov], Guertruut
Barents. (25).

Classis of Amsteedam.

Correspondence from America. Rev. Gideon Schaats to the
Classis of Amsterdam, Sept. 22, 1660. (Abstracts, Acts of
the Deputies, xx. 421.)

The Peace of Christ !

Dear Brethren in Christ and Colleagues in the work of the Lord.
May God grant you his grace and peace for Christ's sake.
Amen !

The reason which induces me to write to the dear Brethren,
is partly the advice of the Brethren at New Amsterdam, and

OF THE State of New York. 483

partly, because the Lutherans are now again, as before, making
Tip subscriptions for .the salary of a Lutheran preacher. They
say, or pretend, that this has been allowed to them by the gen-
tlemen of the West India Company. But if he should come,
which may God prevent, it would create a great schism among
us here in our congregation, which is now at peace, especially,
because there are several (Lutherans) here, who are members of
our church, which numbers at present about twO' hundred mem-
bers. There are also other Lutherans who are gradually being
led to us. Some of these are on the point of becoming members,
who were at home of different opinions. But there are some
unstable Lutherans, who do not seem to like any other form of
baptism than that according to Luther, and his religion. They
have not the least comprehension of the difference, and are satis-
fied, as long as the hope of obtaining a Lutheran preacher is de-
ferred. They were indeed somewhat restless about it, when they
first heard of it, but having quieted down a little, they come
again to church. But when a renewed hope is excited in such
people, then these rainless clouds and this tempestuous sea again
begin to move by the (renewal) of the hope, given them several
times before. We trust that the dear Brethren will do their
best in this matter to protect Christ's sheep against the wolves
and foxes, and catch also the young foxes, that they may not in-
jure the vineyard of the Lord — the vines which are still very
young and tender in this country, and especially in this place.
Trusting to the Reverend Brethren, as faitliful guardians of the
Israel of God, we commend you to God and the word of his grace.

Your fellow worker,
Gideon Schaats,

Preacher at Beverwyck
near Fort Orange, in
New Netherland.
Done this 22nd of Sept. IGGO,
at New Amsterdam.

1660

484 Ecclesiastical Records

Correspondence from America.

1660, Sept. 29tli.
Eev. J. T. Polhemiis to the Classis of Amsterdam.

Eev., Yery Learned and Pious Sirs, the Ministers of the Rev.
Classis of Amsterdam : —

After offering you all, collectively and individually, my re-
spectful salutations, I would infoi-m you by this of my welfare.
I still continue in the discharge of my duties, in my church at Mid-
wout and Amersfort, in Xew Xetherland. I regiilarly preach
every Sunday morning at Midwout, and alternately at each place
in the afternoons. I thank God who gives me strength and be-
stows his blessing upon me, and upon my brethren in the ministry
in this country. If it please God to assist me, I shall continue
in my work, faithfully performing my service according to the
forms and customs of the parent church of the Xetherlands. I
remain meanwhile,

Yours aifectionately,

Midwout, Johannes Th. Polhemus.

Sept. 29, 1660.

CoTJNCiL Minute. The Church at Midwout, Long Island,

i September 30. 1660.

Before the Council appeared Domine Johannes Theodoras Polheym, preacher at
Midwout, on Long Island, and Jan Strycker, elder and churchmaster of the same
place, who informed the Council, that the Church at Midwout was almost com-
pleted, except the windows, and requested that the Director General and Council
would present the said Church with one or two windows. After considering the
request, a window for the Church was promised on behalf of the Company. Date
as above.

To the Noble, Very Honorable, Very Pious Director General aud Council of Xew
Netherland:

Show with due respect we. the undersigned, that for the building of our Church
at Midwout we have collected in the communities of Fort Orange, New Amsterdam
and here on Long Island the sum of fl. 3437.12. — of which amount we have expended
fl.3433.9.— but we still owe

To Jacob Lourens, carpenter fl.230

" Isaac Foreest for nails and hinges " 117

" Tyde Syricks, mason '" 215

" Sander, the skipper, for freight of boards " 81

" Aucke Jansen, carpenter, for outside work as appraised by arbi-
trators " 100 fl.743

There is still due us from Claes Notelaer on a note " 119

so that we are still indebted fl.624

OF THE State of New York. 4S5

In the name of our whole community we therefore humbly request, that on behalf
of the Noble Lords Directors of the Privileged West India Company, o)ir high
masters and for the support and propagation of the holy gospel in this country the
above stated sum may be supplied as a present. Which doing we shall always
remain,

Your Noble Honors' obedient and faithful servants,

Johannes Th. Polhemlus,
Jan Strycker.

The foregoing petition was received and read and the annexed statement of the
moneys collected in the community and of the expenses having been examined. It
was found, that the receipts did not cover the expenses. Whereas on behalf of the
Company as yet nothing has been contributed towards building said Church, it is
resolved, to disburse to the petitioners, on behalf of the Clompany. for the present,
for completing the work four hundred florins, couiuion currency, and the following
answer was given:

When the treasury is in funds, four hundred guilders shall be advanced to the
petitioners on behalf of the Company for completing the work. Date as above. —
Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 482, 483.

Classis of A:mstebdam.

Correspondence from America, 1660, Oct. 4tli. Rev. Samuel
Drisins to the Classis of Amsterdam. (Abstract, in Acts of
Deputies, xx. 421.)

Eev., Pious, Very Learned Fathers and Brethren in Christ: —

We have received your letter of the first of March, 1660, from
which we learn of your continued zeal and labor for the welfare
of the Church of Christ in this province. For this we tender you
the expression of our orntitude. Domine Blom and Selyns ar-
rived here safely, and have entered iijion their duties in their re-
spective cliarges, to the iircat gratilication and satisfaction of the
inhabitants. Domine Selyns is at Brooklyn, and Domine Blom
at Fsopus. Each has a very p:ood prospect, (Jod's blessing, of
buildino- ^p and increasing the church of Christ.

We have already, for some years ])ast, written to your Rev.
body, that the Hon. Directors of the Wc^t India Company, liave
desired that we should, for the sake of conciliation, be somewhat
more moderate, and meet the Lutherans half way, by omitting the
word " here ", (alhier), ordinarily used in the second question to
the parents and sponsors, (in the Form of Baptism). Our hope
was that vour Hon. bodv would have mediated with the Hon.

1660

1060

486 'Ecclesiastical Records

Directors in this matter, so as to obviate this (difficulty), but we
cannot perceive this from your letter, much less from that of the
Hon. Directors. We see, indeed, that you exhort us to adhere
to the Formula ; but this does not change the opinion of the Hon.
Patroons, that we indulge in no unnecessary precision in matters
of indifference; neither does it regain their approbation, or meet
the intentions they have expressed. For their Lordships have
required the Director-General to declare to us, in their name, that
they simply demand that the old Formula should be used and ob-"
served by us, without any farther orders from Amsterdam,
and without any farther opposition. For several ministers in the
Fatherland had judged it to be indifferent whether we use or
omit the word " here " (alhier) ; and it may happen here that
greater evils may arise, and easily bring greater injuries to the
church, by the formation of separate assemblies of other denomi-
nations. The Hon. Directors have therefore, not only sent over
some books which contain the old Formulas, to be used by us,
but they also write that Domines Blom and Selyns had consented
and promised to use them. On this account, we also deem it best;
and with the design of avoiding any division in the churches in
this country, we shall hereafter, according to the order of the
Director-General, use the old Formula.

There is present here a man, aged thirty years, baptized by the
Mennonists, at Amsterdam. He attends church punctually, be-
haves well, is diligent in learning the principal doctrines of the
Christian religion, and desires to partake with us of the Lord's
Supper. Some of the principal members of our church think,
that he should abide by the baptism he has received from the
Mennonists. Others, on the contrary, contend, that baptism by
the Mennonists is not proper baptism, as their ministers are a
miscellaneous lot, who teach grievous errors concerning the Holy
Trinity; that they do not acknowledge or believe that there are
three persons in the Godhead, but hold them to be mere names.

OF THE State of New York. 487

Thej think this doctrine to be no better than that of Jews or
Turks, who also acknowledge the Divine existence, but not the
distinct persons. The man himself desires not to be baptized
again. We request therefore that you would give us your advice,
and inform us of the usual custom at Amsterdam in such cases,
that we may know how to proceed in this matter, and that no dis-
sentions may spring up. Finally, we conunend you to God and
the word of his grace, praying that it may please him to bless you
in your field of labor, and also us here in America, that we may

bring many souls unto Christ.

Yours dutifully,

Amsterdam, in Samuel Drisius.

New Netherland,

Oct. 4th 1660.

Correspondence from America. 1660, Oct. 4th. Rev, Henry
Selyns, Minister at Brooklyn, L. I., to the Classis of Amster-
dam.

Reverend Wise and Pious Teachers: —

We cannot be so forgetful as to omit to inform you concerning
our churches and services. While at sea, we did not neglect re-
ligious worship, but every morning and evening we besought
God's guidance and protection, with prayer and the singing of a
psalm. On Sundays and Feast-days the Holy Gospel was read,
when possible. The sacrament was not administered on ship-
board, and we had no sick people during the voyage. God's favor
brought us all here in safety and health. Arrived in New Nether-
land, we were first heard at the Manhattans; but the peace-
negotiations at the Esopus, where we also went, and the general
business of the Government necessarily delayed our installation
(or presentation) until now. We have preached here at the
Esopus, also at Fort Orange; during this time of waiting we were
Avell provided with food and lodging. Esopus needs more people,
but Breuckelen more money; wherefore I serve on Sundays, in

1660

488 Ecclesiastical Records

the evenings only, at the General's Bouwery, at his expense. The
installation at Brooklyn was made by the Honorable Nicasins de
Sille, Fiscal, and Martin Kriegers, Burgomaster, with an open
commission from his Honor, the Director-General. I was cor-
dially received by the Magistrates and Consistory, and greeted by
Domine Polhemins. We do not preach in a church, but in a
barn, (Korenschuur ;) next winter we shall by God's favor and
the general assistance of the people erect a church.

The audience is passably large, coming from Middlewout, New
Amersfort, and often Gravesande increases it; but most come
from the Manhattans. The Ferry, the Walebacht, (Wallabout,)
and Guyanes, (Gowanus,) all belong to Brooklyn. The Ferry is
about two thousand paces from Breuckelen, and it is about four
thousand paces across the river, or to the Manhattans, from the
Breuckelen Ferry. I found at Breuckelen one elder, two deacons,
twentj four members, thirt^^ one house-holders, and one hundred
and thirty four people. The Consistory will remain for the present
as it is. In due time we will have more material (to choose from)
and we will know the congregation better. Catechizing will not
be held here before the winter; but we will begin it at the Bouwery
at once, either on week days, or when there is no preaching service
there. It will be most suitable to administer the Lord's Supper
on Christmas, Easter, Whitsuntide and in September, On the day
following these Festival-days a thanksgiving sermon will be
preached. I might have taken up my residence at the Manhat-
tans, because of its convenience ; but my people, all of them, evinc-
ing their love and affection for me, have provided me a dwelling
(at Brooklyn), of which I cannot complain. I preach at Breucke-
len in the morning; but at the Bouwery,* at the end of the
catechetical sermon. The Bouwery is a place of relaxation and
pleasure, whither people go from the Manhattans, for the evening
service. There are there forty negroes, from the region of the
negro coast, besides the household families. There is here as yet
no Consistor}', but the deacons from Xew Amsterdam provision-

• Stuyvesant's Bowery.

OF THE State of I^ew York, 489

ally receive the alms; and at least one deacon, if not an elder,
ought to be chosen there. Besides myself, there are in New Neth-
erland, the Domines Joannes Megapolensis and Samuel Drisius
at i^ew Amsterdam; Domine Gideon Schaats at Fort Orange;
Domine Joannes Polhemius at Middlewout and Xew Amersfort;
and Domine Hermanns Blom at the Esopus. I have nothing more
to add, except to express my sincere gratitude and to make my
respectful acknowledgments. I commend your Reverences, wise
and pious teachers, to God's protection, and am.
Yours humbly,

Henricus Selyns, Minister of the

Holy Gospel at Breuckclcn.
From Amsterdam, on
the Manhattans, Oct. 4, 1660.

[It will be found somewhat amusing to compare this transla-
tion with a former one, (an extract,) to be found in Doc. Hist.
K. Y. iii. 72 (4to. cd.)]

Stuyve.sant's Chapel — 16G0.

Peter Stuyvesant. soon after he became Director-General of New N'othorland In
1647, began to acquire lands on Manhattan Island In the vicinity of Third Avenue
and Tenth Street. A little settlement soon sprung up at this place, known as
" Stuyvesant's Bonwerie " or farm. For the aceoniniodatlon of these people, as
well as his own family and negro slaves, of which there were about forty, the
Governor built a little chapel, and here, about l(i(M), Domine Selyns. minister nt
Breuckeleu, l)egan to officiate on Sunday evenings. For this serviee Stuyvesant gave
him two hundred and fifty guilders (.$1(X).) a year, to supplement his meagre support
In Brooklyn. Thi.s arrangement lasted from KitMt-KMW, when Selyns returned to
Holland. He was succeeded at this Bonwerie eliapel, by Kev. Samuel Megjipolensis,
minister in New York, and who was also a physician, and he reiualued likewise for
four years, when he returned to Hollanil.

Stuyvesant died In IfiT'J, and was burled In tlie vault under this chapel.' His'
widow died in 1(kS7, and l>y will, left the chapel to the Dutch Reformed Church of
New York, to dispose of as they saw proper, providtnl the vault be preserved.

The Consistory of the Dutch Church do not .seem to have continued services In
the chapel; or the bequest may have proved unavailable as Mrs. Stuyvesant had
only a life Interest in the property. The building soon fell into decay, and after a
while nothing remained except the fouiKiatlons.

The Stuyvesants Hnally .joined tlie I'.plscopul Chunli. the name appearing among
Its vestrymen from 17C.0 and onward. With tiie return of prosperity, after the
Revolution, the population of the City increased: l>ut the frequent recurrence of
yellow fever from 1701 to 18(X), drove many out of the City northward to find rural
homes, ('lunches slowly followed, hut until St. Marks was bidit In 170!>, the only

1660

1799

490 Ecclesiastical Records

Episcopal Churches in New York were Trinity, St. Paul's Chapel, St. George's
Chapel in Beekman Street, and Christ Church in Ann Street.

In 1793 Petrus Stuyyesant proposed to the Vestry of Trinity Church the erection
of a church upon his land, near or on the site of the former Dutch chapel, and
offered eight hundred pounds ($2000.) and a plot of ground one hundred and fifty
by one hundred and ninety feet. Trinity Church accepted the offer, and agreed to
build as soon as its finances permitted. A couple of years passed before sufficient
money was available to begin with, and the corner-stone was laid in 1795 by
Bishop Provoost. But the work continued to drag, and the church was not com-
pleted until 1799.

As it approached completion, the question arose whether it would not be better
to make of it a separate parish, instead of retaining it as a chapel like St. Paul's
or St. George's. But as Trinity, by its Charter in 1697, was made the only parish
church (Episcopalian) in the City of New York, the proposal to erect another parish
raised legal questions, but these were answered satisfactorily, as the Charter of
Trinity was superseded by the new Act of Incorporation of 1704. It was decided
that Trinity should convey the church and land to trustees in trust for the Cor-
poration of St. Marks, when the same should be formed. Petrus Stuyvesant,
Francis Bayard Winthrop, Gilbert Colden Willett, Mangle Minthorne, Martin Hoff-
man, William A. Hardenbrook and George Rapelje, were appointed such trustees.
Mr. Rapelje declined to act.

On September 24, 1799, the Trustees adopted the following resolution:

WHEREAS, It is necessary, in order to carry into effect the complete organiza-
tion of this church, that an election of two church-wardens and eight vestrymen
should immediately take place; and it being more proper that they should be chosen
by the persons composing the congregation of the church than appointed by the
trustees, and in order to interest the congregation for this purpose.

Resolved, That the pews in the lower part of the church be sold at public auction
on Wednesday next, at eleven o'clock in the morning, on a lease of five years, at
the highest rent that can be obtained, payable half-yearly; and that notice be given
in the public newspapers in the city of New York, and at every public place about
the Bowery.

On October 18, 1799, a meeting was held of the male members of the congregation
to incorporate themselves and elect Wardens and "Vestrymen, according to the law
of March 17, 1795. The following were chosen:

WARDENS.

Petrus Stuyvesant, Francis B. Winthrop.

VESTRYMEN.
Gilbert C. Willett. William Ogden.

Martin Hoffman. George Turnbull.

Wm. A. Hardenbrook. Nicholas W. Stuyvesant.

Mangle Minthorne. James Cummings.

See Memorial of St. Mark's Church in the Bowery, 1899.

Opinion of Messrs. Troup, Hamilton and Harison, in the matter of a transfer of
lots from Trinity Church to St. Mark's Church:

In consequence of a resolution of the Vestry of Trinity Church, of the ninth of
November, instant, (1801), we have considered the subject therein mentioned, and
are of the opinion that the Corporation of St. Mark's Church can have no valid
pretensions, either at law or in equity, to any part of the property of " The Rector
and Inhabitants of the City of New York In Communion of the Protestant Episcopal
Church of the State of New York"; but nevertheless, for greater caution, we ap-

OF THE State of Xew York. 491

prove of their taking from the Corporation of St. Marls's Church, a deed In the
form of that marljed "A", when the lots lately set apart for that purpose are
conveyed to the said Corporation.

New York, the 21st of November, 1801.

Robert Troup.

Alexander Hamilton.

Richard Harison.

The deed marked "A " was approved and executed, and is as follows:

"A."

To all to whom these Presents shall come or m^y in any wise concern: We, the
rector, church-wardens and vestrymen of the Protestant Episcopal Church of St.
Mark's in the Bowery, in the City of New York, send greeting: Whereas, the Cor-
poration having the name and style of " The Rector and the Inhabitants of the
City of New York, in Communion of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in the State
of New Y'ork ", have, from their zeal to promote the cause of religion and piety,
contributed largely to the expense of building St. Mark's Church aforesaid, and to
the support of a clergyman to officiate and perform Divine Service therein, accord-
ing to the rites and ceremonies of the said Protestant Episcopal Church, and have
agreed to convey to us thirty lots of land, part of their real estate, for onr own use
and the purposes aforesaid; and, whereas, it may be deemed expedient by the said
Corporation of " The Rector and Inhabitants of the City of New York, lo com-
munion of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in the State of New York ", to obviate
and prevent any possibility of a question as to the residue of their real estate, or
any claim or demand being ever made by us, or our successors, of, in or to the said
estate, or any part, parcel, or member thereof, for or by reason of our belonging to
the Protestant Episcopal Church; Now, therefore, know ye, that Wc, " The Rector,
Church-Wardens and Vestry of St. Mark's Church in the Bowery, in consideration
of the premises, and in order to prevent any doubt upon the question aforesaid, and
to remove the possibility of any dispute or controversy that may in any manner
disturb or Interrupt the harmony, concord and aflfectfon which ought to prevail,
and which we sincerely pray may prevail among the members of the said church,
and also for, and in consideration of, one dollar to us in hand paid by the Rector and
Inhabitants of the City of New York, in Communion of the Protestant Episcopal
Church, in the State of New York, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, DO
expressly, for us and our successors, disclaim and renounce all right, title, claim
and demand whatsoever, of, in or to the real estate of the said Rector and In-
habitants of the City of New York, in Communion of the Protestant Episcopal
Church, of the State of New York, and of, lu aud to every or any part, shace,
property, or proportion thereof whatsoever, except what hath been voluntarily
given and conveyed by them to us. And that all possibility of doubt upon the said
subject may be removed, we do, for the consideration aforesaid, hereby clearly and
absolutely renounce, release and grant unto the said Corporation having the name
of the Rector and Inhabitants of the City of New York, In Communion of the
Protestant Episcopal Church, in the State of New York, all the right, title, interest,
share, property, claim and demand whatsoever, both at law and In equity, which
we now have, or which we, or any successors, may at any time or times hereafter
have, challenge or claim, of, In and to the estate, lands and tenements belonging
to the said Rector and Inhabitants of the City of New York, In Communion of the
Protestant Episcopal Church of the State of New York, or possessed by them or
their tenants, or any of them, so that neither we nor our successors shall ever here-
after have or claim any part of the said property, except such as we may have by
the grant and conveyance of the said Rector and Inhabitants of the City of New
York in Communion of the Protestant Episcopal Church, In the State of New York,
as aforesaid.

In witness whereof, etc.

See Memorial of St. Mark's Church In the Bowery, 1899.

1801

1660

492 Ecclesiastical Records "'

Form of Baptism,

1660, Oct. 5th.

Rev. Koningsvelt, about to go as minister to Kajana, asks the
advice of Classis in regard to the Form of Baptism, as to the word
" Here " (Alhier), in order to know how he is to regulate him-
self; inasmuch as he has imderstood that the Directors wish to
have that word left out of the formnhp. He was told that he
would have to abide by the customary Fonn, and if anything
should come before him in that connection, he must communi-
cate with the Classis per letters, vi. 210. xix. 69.

Letters from Stuyvesajn^t to the Directors ix Holland

English Villages on Long Island ^YITIIOUT

Preachers ; Plan and Sketch of ISTew Amsterdam ;

Copies of the representations and requests made by the English villages, which
hare been deprived of religious instruction for some time and now take advantage
of the departure by the " Bonte lioe " of a minister from New England, Mr. William
Leverets, are sent herewith and will inform you of tlieir wishes. We have no
doubt you will reply as favorably as possible.

The two preachers, lately arrived. Domines Blom and Sel.vns, have been placed
conformably to your directions and their call. In the meantime three or four other
Tillages still need preachers, and are deprived of religious services; namely New
Utrecht and Gravesend on Long Island: New Haerlem on this Island; and the newly
planted villages of about thirty families across the North River, (Bergen.) Neces-
sity therefore requires, that two pious and learned candidates be sent over besides
the desired English preachers.

Port Amsterdam in New Netherland,
the 6th of October 1660.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv, 483, 485; Col. Docs. X. Y. xiii. 189.

Classis of Amsterdam.
Acts of the Deputies. (Xew Xetherland, Curacoa.) Michael

Siperus (Zyperius).

1660, Oct. 25th.

(That one of the Deputies) stated that Michael Siperus

without pre\aous examination, and without a certificate of church
membership, being moreover of an evil life, had preached; and
that now he has been sent by the Directors to 'New Netherland
without testimonials: that he had also later understood that the
said Siperus had been admitted to the service of preaching, and
would be ordained as minister.

OF THE State of Xew Yoek. 493

That those who were with the multitude in the fort, were pun-
ished outside of the same.

That a sort of placard against , drunkenness and scan-
dalous sabbath breaking had been issued there with good results.
(At Curacoa. See Doc. July 8, 1661.)

That during his time the number of members had grown from
six to thirty. He also writes that the schoolmaster, Geert Scaets
had arrived there, and was doing a good work with his instructions
among the Dutch children.

The instruction of the children stands entirely still.

They live without God in the world, like beasts.

There was there a negro, who gave them some instruction in
the Spanish language; but his wicked life gave occasion rather to
the blaspheming of God's name than to its glorification.

Writes to have used the Indians for the beastly afore-
said.

That since he had found with certainty that the children were
baptized, he had also baptized their children, about fifteen in all,
causing the formula to be read to them in Spanish, for fear that
otherwise they might have been baptized by Papists, who some-
times arrive there.

Writes that there is needed in tlie highest degree for the instruc-
tion of the same a pious and godly man, versed in both languages,
about which he had indeed written to tlie Company, but had as
yet received no reply.

Requests also a large Bible for the Church. Two Psalm-books,
in quarto. A good number of small testaments with psahn-books
for the soldiers. Writes also that as yet there is no material for
making a consistory, and that lie shall wait f<tr a gc^od opj)ortunity.

Requests instruction and advice of Classis how he sliall con-
duct himself with regard to the negroes and their children in the
matter of baptism, as also in regard to the Indians.

Concludes with a wish for God's blessing.

Also resolved to write to Rev. Piljanlus the resolution of

1660

494 Ecclesiastical Records

Classis of February 9 (or 4), 1658, as to a certain catacMsing book

in Malay, xix. 415, 416.

1660, July 4.

Order appointing a Committee for [English] Plantation

Affairs. Col. Docs. ^". Y. iii. 30.

1660.

Patent of King Charles II. constituting a Council for Trade.

Col. Docs. N". Y. iii. 30-32.

1660.

Commission of Charles II. for a Councill for Eoreign Planta-
tions. Col. Docs. iii. 32-34.

1660, Dec. 1.
Instructions for said Councill.

As TO Religion.

10. You are most especially to take an effectuall care of the propogacon of the
Gospell in the severall Foreign Plantacons, by provideing that there be good en-
couragement settled for the invitacon and maintenance of learned and orthodox
ministers, and by sending strict orders and injunccons for the regulating and re-
forming the debaucheries of planters and servants, whose ill example doth bring
scandall upon Christianitie, and deterr such as yet are not admitted thereunto,
from aflecting or esteeming it. And you are to consider how such of the natives
or such as are purchased by you from other parts to be servants or slaves may be
best invited to the Christian Faith, and be made capable of being baptized there-
unto; it being to the honor of our Crowne and of the Protestant Religion that all
persons in any of our Dominions should be taught the linowledge of God, and be
made acquainted with the ministries of Salvation.

11. You are lastly required and impowered to advise order settle and dispose of
all matters relating to the good Government improvement and management of our
Forraine Plantacons or any of them, with your utmost skill direccon and prudence.
And in all cases wherein you shall judge that further powers and assistants shall
be necessary, you are to address yourselves to us (or) our Privy Councill for our
further pleasure resolucon and direccons therein. — Col. Docs. N. Y. iii. 36.

Letters from the Directors to Sttiyvesant :

Ministers for the English Villages on Long Island;
English Settlers in New ISTetiierland ; Church Bell foe
Brooklyn ;

The 24th of December 1660.

Honorable, Prudent, Dear, Faithful. We shall also consider the request for two
or three suitable candidates or ministers, to be located in the English and Dutch
villages; we are inquiring for such persons, that both nationalities and churches
may soon be properly provided. ,

OF THE State of Xew York. 495

We have been pleased to receive the map of New Amsterdam: we noticed, that
according to our opinion too great spaces are as yet without buildings, as foi»
Instance between Smee Street (William Street,) and Princes Gracht (Broad Street
above Exchange Place;) or between Princes Street (Broad Street above Exchange
Place), and Tuyn Street, (Exchange Place between Broadway and Broad Street);
also between Heeren Street (Broadway! and Bevers Gracht, (Beaver Street) where
the houses apparently are surrounded by excessively large lots and gardens; perhaps
with the Intention of cutting streets through them, when the population increases,
although if standing closer together, a defense might be easier. We leave this to
your consideration and care.

As Domine Selyns has asked us, to send a good bell for the Church at Brooklyn,
which could be used to call together the country people in times of distress, we
have resolved to send it if possible with this ship; also another for the Esopus;
that they may use them on proper occasions. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 486, 488, 489.

The Directoks to Stuyvesant.

" We will consider the petition of Mr. Evert Pietersen, late
schoolmaster and chorister in the colony of the city, to be employed
again in the Company's service, and return thither with his wife,
and inquire about his character, conduct, and abilities; when we
shall communicate the result to your honor." — Dunshee, 27.

Revenue and Expenditure of the Village of Wiltwyck, In-
cluding THE Building of the Minister's House.

Income of Wiltwyck Village.
From 525 morgens.
The land pays fl 2.10 st. per morgen In general, which computed

gives a total of
The house lots, not paying laud tax, have brought In
In wampum

In coin

The excise on wine and beer, farmed out, has fetched so far. that
is to the 21st of November 1662
In wampum

In coin

The revenue is altogether
Remains a balance of

The outlays for the Minister's house.

Bricks, tiles, lime, boards, wainscoting, slating. Iron, hinges, l<>« Ks
and nails and every thing required for It

In wampum 680. 5.

In coin 053.13.

All reduced to coin 1203.15. 8

Paid for wages of the carpenters and masons, hod carrier, for
freight of bricks, tiles, boards to this place.

In wampum 1387. 5.

In coin 570.

Reduced to cola 1263.12. 8

fl 1312.10 coin

272 fl

136

1.1.;.

•. that

1(X>3.18.

1505.17.

669. 5. 6

2117.16. 6

880.11.10

490 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

Board for the carpenters, masons and the hod carrier altogether

In coin 450.

Total in wampum fl 2067.10

Total in coin 1973.13

The wampum reduced and added to the coin makes it fl 3007. 8

Besides the above there must be paid to the Court Messenger, for the making
and keeping in repair of the gates, to Juriaen Westvael for hire of the house of
Domlne Hermanns Blom, who lived in his upper room, 80 florins. — Col. Docs. N.
Y. xili. 229, 230.

Return of Moneys paid for the Colonic on the Delaware River.
Return of the monthly payments here by the Directors for the government of
the Colonic of New Amstel, in New Netherland, from the 18th of November, 1659,
to the 3rd of November, 1662.

1660, December 24th.
Domine Everardus Welius, clergyman. No. 49, fl. 800. 0. 0

1661, January 26th.
Domine Everardus Welius, clergyman. No. 59, fl. 1,713. 6. 8. — Col. Docs. N. Y.
ii. 179, 180, 181.

Council ]Minute. Proceedings Against Quakers at Jamaica,
Long Island. Land at Flatbush.

Anno 1661. In the name of the Lord, Amen.
(First entry in the Council Minutes for 1661.)

Whereas some inhabitants of Rustdorp have urgently requested that one of the
clergymen of this City come over some day, to preach and baptize several children;
and whereas his Honor, the Director General, has been informed by letters from
said village and from Vlissingen and Middelborgh. that members of the sect, called
Quakers, have uncommonly free access to the house of one Henry Touwensen of
said village, who was therefore arrested a few days ago.

Domine Samuel Driesius and the Under Schout were to-day sent there with the
following letter, to obtain better information about it.

Lovlnge Friends:

Uppon petition of sum of yow beeinge desirous that theyre Children might be
Baptysed, we have sent one of our Ministers, to witt: Mr. Samuel Driesius and
Whereas we credibly were informed that if the quaeckers and other sects contra
to Order and Law private Conventickles had been kept. We have sent our substi-
tute Scholt and one of our Clercques for to tacke notice of it — Requiringe and
Orderinge you by these presents that you shall give unto them, an Exact account
and true Information ware it wath house, such unlawful conventicles ware kept,
and wath persons therein had Exercysed, wath persons — men, or womman there
had been present — and which person the meetinge did call, and further of all
Circumstances belonglnge to it. So after my Love I shall Rest.

Your lovinge friend and Governour
Amsterdam in the New Netherland,
this 8th day of January Anno 1661.

Domine Drisius, Resolvecrt Waldron, the Provost and Nicolaes Bayard, Clerk,
proceeded pursuant to the foregoing letter to Rustdrop, last Saturday, the 8th of
January, where they arrived in the evening. Domine Drisius preached twice the
next day and baptized eight children and two aged women. The Under Schout

OF THE State of Xew York. 497

had meanwhile been informed, that a meeting of Quakers was being held at
Gravesend, and in Company of Nioolaes Bayard went there early on Monday morn-
ing, but the Quaker had escaped. They returned to this place in the evening,-
brlnging with them the Quaker's cloak and Sam Spycer, because he with several
others had not only followed and listened to the Quaker in several conventicles,
but also entertained him in his mother's house. They further brought the follow-
ing notice and the list of persons who were present at the Quaker meeting:

Notition of the names that have been In the meeting of the quaecker. named^
N. N. in the house of Henry Townseu given up to us by Mr. Ritchard Everett and
Nathaniell Denton:

1 Henry Towensen hath been a warninge the people from doore to doore or
they would nott come to his house for their was a learned man.

1 Sam Spicer I ^^ Gravesande.
1 Goedie Tilton 1
1 Sam Andries

1 Ritchard Harcker

2 Samuel Deen and his wife

2 John Townson and his wife I

1 Ritchard Brittnell
1 Ritchard Chasmoor
persons 11

Thus testifyed in the presence of Resolveert Waldron in the house of Ritchard
Everett att Rustdrop this 9th of January Anno 1661. was underwritten

> Richard Everett

1661

Nathaniell Denton.

Nota: The name of the Quaker above mentioned is George Wilson.

' January 13th. Thursday.

Present his Honor, the Director General Petrus Stuyvesant, and the CouncillorB
Nicasius de Sille and Johan de Deckere.

To their Honors, the Director General and Council of New Netherland.

Nicasius de Sille, ex-officlo PlaiutilT against Henry Towuseud and Sam Spicer,
prisoners. ,

The plaintiff asserts and proves by trustworthy witnesses, that Henry Townsend
has not only lodged Quakers, but also informed his neighbors and others, that a
Quaker was at his house and asked them to come and hear him. He has admitted,
that the Quaker preached at his, Towuseud's house In his presence and that the
said Sara Spicer was present at the meeting of the Quakers not only in Rustdrop,
but also at (Jravesend and that he lodged them in his mother's house, contrary to
the pla(;at, i)ulilislic(l against conventicles and separate gatherings. The planntilT
therefore, tlemands, that tlie prisoners be condemned to a line of six hundred
florins each, conformably to the placat.* The defendants were asked, whether
they acknowledged, what the Fiscal charges against them, and answered that they
would not criniinjite themselves, but the charge had to be reproved. The Fiscal
having done it, tliey brought forward many frivolous excuses; that they had only
called on their friends, that no law forbade friends to meet each other, etc. As
they gave no pertinent answer, the Fiscal was directed to give them n copy of
his charge and demand for sentence, to which they are to give answer on the next
court day. They were then taken back to their conllneinent. Date as abovet

• Law of Feb. 1, 16oG. Laws of New Netherland. p. 211.

t Other flues: Henry Townsend was coiKliMiincd to a tine of 2."> pounds Flemish;
Sam Spicer. 12 poun<ls; John Tilton of (iravcsend and John Townsend of Jamaica
were banished and Mrs. MIcah Spicer, Sam's mother was actjultted, not knowing
George Wilson was a Quaker.

498

Ec JLESIASTICAL ReCOKDS

1661

Loovinge Friend.

Whereas the Experiancy from tyme to tyme to our great displeasure and Con-
tempt hath shewed us that our act and Orders, set forth against all the separate
Conventicles were not kept and observed, according to the tenor of our good Inten-
tions, Especially among you in the Towne of Rustdrop, moore that some in whom
we had put trust and authority doth connive with the Sect called quaeckers, giving
Entertainment unto their Scatteringe preachers, leave and way unto their unlaw-
ful meetings and prohibited Conventicles; all which doeings tending to the Sub-
version of good Lawes Orders and of the protestant Religion, and Contempt of
our Authority, for the Maintenance whereof we are necessitated to put such per-
sons, in the Roome of others amongst you as wee hope and are perswaded thati
will for the good of the Country and protestant cause, (See our acts and Orders
better kept and observed videllicit) and by name Ritchard Everett, Nathaniel
Denton and Andrew Messenger, which persons are ordeyned and lawfule Magis-
trates yow all shall give due Respect and obedience, and Lykewise all assistance
and helpe Uppon their command in the Maintaining of our aforementioned Orders,
sett forth against all private and unlawful Conventicles, for the better helpe and
maintenance of the premises and for hindering all prohibited Conventicles soo In
the Town of Rustdrop as others there about If need and occasion should Require,
Wee have also sent halfe a dossyn of our Souldiers, which you are to furnish with
Convenient Lodgeinge and diet untill further order. So after our love we rest.
Your Lovinge Friend and Gouernour,

P. Stuyvesant.
Amsterdam in the
New Netherlands this 24th
of January Anno 1661.

Wee whose names are underwritten doe by these presents promise and engage
that if any meetings or Conventicles off quakers shall be in the Towne of Rustdrop,
that wee know, we shall give information to ye authority set up in place by the
Gouernor and alsoe assist ye authority ofE ye Towne against any such person or
persons called quakers as need shall require. Witness our hands this eleventh oflf
February Anno 1661 stylo novo.

Thomas T fCoster
Luke Wattson
Sameiall Smith
Rodger X Liuas
Richard R Chasmore
John Rhodes
Henry Steres
Morace Smith

Richard Everitt
Nathaniell Denton
Andrew Messenger, his mark
Abraham Smith, his mark
Samuell Mathews
Robert Coo

'Benjamin Coe, his mark
William Horten
George M Mills
Thomas T Wiggins

Written by Daniell Denton, Ciarck.
Right Worshipfull.

These presents are to sertefy your honoure that acordeing to your derections we
have proseded and called the Towne together and propownded unto them acordeing
as you may see written and desired them to set to their hands: and accordingly
as they was willing they dide subscribe as you may see in the Inclosed which
are more in number than we dide exspect but the course that your honoure has
taken to prevent such meetings of quakers amongst us hath formerly bene we judge
has caused many to doe that which otherwise they would not have done: yefc
notwithstanding there are many that have not subscribed whose names if your
honoure desire to know we shall send them downe at your request: soe akcownet-
ing ourselves much obliged to your honoure for your diligent care taken for the
preventing of the quakers for haveing any interment or liberty to divulge thelre

OF THE State of IsTew York. 499

herises amongst us we humbly crave that your honoure would be pleased to take
into consideration our conditions that have isept your soldiers all this time that
we may not suffer for other mens selfe wlldnes and if your honoure sese cause*
that your souldiers shall stay any longer amongst us we humbly entreat you that
you would send order that they might be pleased elsewhere and if you se cause to
send for them home if there be anj'thing that your honoure sese cause to require
of us to doe in the pluses you hade set us wo shall Indevoure to doe according to
your derections with appreciation of all haplnes to your honoure we humbly talie
our leavse and shall remaine your loyall subjections to our power.

Richard Everitt
Nathaniell Denton.

February the 11th Anno 1661.

Upon better consideration we have set down the names of those that would not
subscribe. i.

John Townsend, Samuell Andrewse,

Richarde Harkar, Benjamin Hubbarde,

Samuell Deine, Nathaniell Cole.

Lovinge friends.

By the Bearers Wee have Received your letter and al soo the Engagement of the
most part of the Inhabitants for to oppose and to hinder the unlawfull Conventicles
of the quaeckers and all other prohibited meetings, wee hope the performancy thereof
and according to former petition, we free by these presents the Subscrators of
the Souldiers provided that they until further order, shall be lodged and furnished
with decent meete and vittells, by those that still our acts and orders does oppose,
Orderinge by these presents the Magistrates to see these put in Execution so after
my love I Rest.

Your lovinge Friend and Governour.
Amsterdam in New Netherland,
this 15th of February Anno ICGl.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 489, 490, 491, 492, 493.

Act of the States General and Conditions Offered by the
Dutch West India Company to Settlers in New Nether-
land.

1G61.
The States Generall of the United Provinces,

To all who these presents shall see or hear read, doe make knowno; that wee
liave condiscended and permitted as wee doe by these condlscend & permitt all
Christian people of tender conscience in England or elsewhere, oppressed, full
liberty to erect a Colony in the West Indies between New England and Virginia
in America, now within the jurisdiction of Peter Stivazent the States Generall's
Governor for the West India Company, on the conditions & prlvllodges graunted
l)y the Committees of the respective chambers representing the Assembly of the
XIX. doe therefore order charge and command all and every one whom these may
concerne, that they shall not In any wise hinder the said i)eoplo nor any of them
or any whom they shall or might send with knowledge of the said Company; but
coDtrarywise afford unto any and all of them all favorable helpe and assistance,
where it shall be needful; for wee have found it to bee good for the Company.
Given att the Ilage under our Scale paraphura, and slgued by our Gritllcr the 14tb
day of February Anuo Domini 1061.

Abstract of Conditions.

A grant of laud fifteen leagues along the sea-coast, and as far Inland as any other
colony; free property of said colony; to have their own Courts: no poll tax for
three years; aud miueral, free of duty for twenty years; no duty on Imports for

1661

500 Ecclesiastical Records

teu j-ears; free exports for ten years; own their own ships independently of West
India Company; may have their own Director, but must issue all writs in the name
of the States General.

Description of the land and its products is then given; "great profit to bee'
derived from traffique with the natives, who are naturally a wild people, very
capable, and by the grace of God to be drawn out of their blind ignorance to the

saving light of Jesus Christ " " Therefore if any of the English,

good Christians shall bee rationally disposed to transport themselves

to the said place under the conduct of the United States (of Holland) shall have
full liberty to live in the fear of the Lord, and upon the aforesaid good condi-
tions shall be likewise curteously used. — Doc. Hist. N. Y. iii. 37-39. See also
O'Callaghau ii. 444.

Council Minute. The Inhabitants of ]SrEWTOwN, L. I., Pe-
tition, THAT They May- Use the Minister's House and
Glebe for School Purposes.

To the honorable Lord Stuyvesant. Lord generall of the New Netherlands, the
humble petition off your Lordships petitioners: —

That whereas God hath beene pleased off laet years to deprive us off Middle-
borrow, of Long eylandt, off the publyck meaues of grace and salvation; and alsoo
off Education off our children, in Scholasticall discipline, the way to true happi-
nesse; but yet God in mercy off laet hath provided, for us a helpe meete for the
discipline of education of our children; and by the same person helpe in the'
Sabbath exercys: wee therefore, who never gave nor consented to the giveiuge of
the howsinge 'and Lands, built and fenced in, and alsoo dedicated for the Use of
the publyce dispensation off God's word unto us, wee humbly intreat your honor-
able Lordshipe that this our said Schoolmaster Richard Mills by name may bee«
by your Lordshipps order be possessed of the said housinge and Lands, for hlst
use and ours also, for our childrens education and the Saboths esercyse. the which
God doeth require, and wee have neede.for us and our children thereof: as the
housinge now Stand it is licke all to goe to racke and ruyne, the fences faellinge
downe, the house and barn decayinge and wanteth repayre and Francis Dowtye
doeth not repayre it, nor the towne, as it stands betweene him and them, will-
not repayre it, and by this meanes is like to come to nothing in a shorte time:
and soo wee and your Lordshippe alsoo by this meanes shall be disappointed:
therefore our humble request is to your Lordshippe, is that this our schoolmaster,
and at present our souls helpe in dispencinge Gods word to us and our children
cveryre Lord's day, may be settled in it, to enjoye it without any molestation
from Francis Doughty, or any of his, for soo longe time as God shall be pleased
to Continue him amongst us. or to provyde another for us thus knowinge that*
your Lordshipp is willinge to further Our Souls good as wel as our bodyes. Wee
rest your Lordships humble petisioners and humble subjects

Thomas Hunte Mary Ryder ""^

Francis Swaj'ue John Banker

James Bradish John Laurisen

James Lawrensen Thomas Cornish

Nicolas Carter Samuel Too.

This petition having been presented to the Director General, his Honor answered
as follows:

These presence doeth requiere and order Francys Doughty, and whom it may
Concerne, to give and graunt a quyett possession unto the present Schoolmaster
Mr. Richard Mills off the house and Land, Beeinge with our knowledge Consent

OF THE State of New York. 501

and helpe, hniUlt for the publick use of the ministry, and by that means it may
nor oaiinot l)e jjlven and transported for a privaet heerytadge, provyded if hee
«ither his wyfe, hath to demand any rcmaynder of meanes or wages, of her
deceased hu.sljand, Mr. John Moor, laet Minister of the aforementioned towne is
being made apeer, these presence doetli order the Magistrates and Inhabitants
of the sayde towne to give unto the heyres, what is done unto them. Actum'
Amsterw. in the New Netherlands, this 18th of February Anno 16G1. — Coi. Docs.
N. Y. xiv. 490.

P. Stuyvesant.

Kev. Dristus Sent to Hempstead to Baptize Children.

To the Magestrates and Inhabitants of Heemesteede.
Post Script:

Whereasr;wee by the Bearers were Informed that l)y want of a Minister now
•00 longe Continued many children amongst you were unl)aptized — we are Re-
solved to send with the first opportunity One of our Ministers (to witt:) Mr.'
Drlesius to administraet that Sacrament unto those that accordinge to the word
and order of God are desirous of Itt, hoopinge and not douI>tinge that you will
use all possil)ell means that the towne may tymely be supplyed with an able and
orthodox Minister to the Edification of God's glorie and your owne Salvation, soo
after my Love I Rest ut supra.

Pursuant to the promise, made to the people of the village of Hemsteail on the
2r)th of r("l)ruary, Domine Samuel Drisius proceeded to that place on the 12th of
March and after the sermon baptized forty one children and an aged wouuiu. —
Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 4'J7.

Contract Between Thomas Chambers and Otiii:r Inhabit-
ants OF Esopus AND Rev. Hermanus Bloem.

The undersigned inhal)itants of the settlement at the place called Esojjus, promise
to give our Reverend Minister Hermanus Bloem as salary for the first yeijr (which
salary has commenced with his arrival here on the r)th of Septemlier KUiO) the-
sum of seven hundred guilders in corn, at beaver valuation, in ease his farm
should fail and we promise further to put the farm in good order aicording to
contract, as soon as tiie land has I)een allotted and to raise that sum at the latest
for the coming farming season. This we, tlu' nndcrsigued, promise faithfully and
truly to do. Thus done the 4tli of March li'i(',i.

Thomas Oliambers

Cornelis Barenstcn Slcclir
The mark of (Jertruy Andrles

RoelolT Swart wont
Alaerdt lleymensen lloose
, The marii of Jurlaen Westvnel

— ("ol. Docs. N. V. xitl. 15)4.

Church of Midwout I^ktitiox K(>k Assisianck.

To the Noble Director General and the Honorable Council of New Nctherland.

Humbly show the undersigned, that we have gratefully rccciveil fi.4iri.lO — as

a subsidy for our Church, but that we are still indebted to

Mr. Jacob N., the barber for tl. "7

our Schoolmaster Renier •' :i'2

and to a skipper, Sander N '• 81

total rt 100

which we had hoped to pay out of the money due us; but as it has not ln'cn paid.

1661

502 Ecclesiastical Recokds

we are compelled, to turn again to your Honors and respectfully to request, that

these debts be discharged. Which doing etc.

In the name of the whole community.

Job. Theo. Polhemius

Jan Strycker.
Midwout, the 29th of

March, 1661.

A vote was taken and the following answer given:

When the treasury has sufficient funds, the petitioners shall be paid by the>
Receiver, on behalf of the Company and for the benefit of the Church, one half of
the above amount. Date as above.

To the Noble, Honorable Director General of New Netherland and his Council. —
Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 499.

Ordinance of New Amsterdam About Weighing Goods.

1661, April 11.

Goods for religious and charital)le purposes not to be charged

for weighing.

Only the goods and merchandises which are brought to, or received at the
weighing house, and belong to the Hon. (West India) Company, to this city, to*
the Board of Deacons and other Charitable Institutions, being really and truly;
their property, and to be converted to their use, shall be exempt from the fee
for weighing; all which the Weigh-master must weigh gratis and for God's sake. —
Laws etc. New Netherland, 393.

Directors to Stuyvesant.

1661, Maj 2.

Evert Pietersen appointed Schoolmaster.

The Directors of the West India Company, department of Amsterdam, to the
honorable, prudent, beloved, trusty Petrus Stuyvesant, Director General and
Council, make known:

Whereas we have deemed it necessary to promote religious worship, and to read
to the inhabitants the Word of God, to exhort them, to lead them in the ways of
the Lord, and console the sick, that an expert person was sent to New Netherland
in the city of New Amsterdam, who at the same time should act there as Chorister
and Schoolmaster; so it is, that we, upon the good report which we have received
about the person of Evert Pietersen, and confiding in his abilities and experience
in the aforesaid services, together on his pious character and virtues, have, on your
Honor's recommendation, and that of the magistrates of the city of New Amster-
dam, appointed the aforesaid person as Consoler of the sick. Chorister and School-
master at New Amsterdam in New Netherlands, which charge he shall fulfil there,
and conduct himself in these with all diligence and faithfulness; so as we expect
that he shall give others a good example, so as it becomes a pious and good Con-
soler, Clerk, Chorister and Schoolmaster; regulating himself in conformity to the
instructions which he received here from the Consistory, and principally to the in-
structions which he received from us, which he shall execute in every point faith-
fully; wherefore, we command all persons, without distinction, to acknowledge the
aforesaid Evert Pietersen as Consoler, Clerk, Chorister and Schoolmaster in New

OF THE State of New York. 503

Amsterdam in New Netherlands, and not to molest, disturb or ridicule him in any

of these offlfei*, but rather to offer him every assistance in their power, and deliver

him from every painful sensation, by which the will of the Lord and our good

intentions shall be accomplished.

Done by the Department of Amsterdam, on the 2nd of May, 1661.

I (Signed), Abram Wilmerdoncx.

By order of him,

C. Van Deventer. — Dunshee, 27.
Lower stood.

Directors to Stuyvesant.

1 1661, May 9.

Honorable, prudent, beloved Trustees: Our last was the 11th of April, by the way
of Curacoa, of which we now have enclosed the duplicate; since which period noth-
ing has occurred here of consequence — 1. e., which deserves to be mentioned — as
only, that we have engaged, on your Honor's recommendation and that of the
magistrates of the city of New Amsterdam, Mr. Evert Pletersen as schoolmaster
and clerk upon a salary of g. 36 per month ($15), and g. 125 ($52+ ) annually for his
board, who is now embarked in the ship the Gilded Beaver, but not with his wife,
whose indisposition, as he said, prevented her departure. And whereas he solicited
to be supplied with some books and stationery, which would be of service to him
in that station, so did we resolve to send you a sufficient quantity of these articles,
as your honor may see from the invoice. Your honor ought not to place all these
at his disposal at once, but from time to time, when he may be in want of these,
when his account ought directly to be charged with Its amount; so, too, he must
be charged with all such books of which he may be in want as a consoler of the
sick, which he might have obtained from your Honor, which afterwards, might be
reimbursed to him, whenever he, ceasing to serve in that capacity, might return
these; all this must be valued at the invoice price. — Dunshee, 28.

Charter of Esopus.

1661, May 16.

Judges to be of the Reformed Religion.

It Is, therefore, necessary, so that everything may be effected with due order and
respect, that there be chosen as judges, honest intelligeut persons possessing real
estate, peaceable men, good subjects to their Lords and Patroons, and the high
administration appointed by them In this country, professors of the reformed
religion, as it is now preached in the United Netherlandish churches, in conformity
to the Word of God, and the order of the Synod of Dordrecht; which court of
justice for the present time, till otherwise shall be ordained by the aforesaid Lords
Patroons in their authorized administration, shall consist of a Sheriff, being In
loco, who shall summon In the name of the Diri'ctor General and Council, the
appointed Schepens, and preside at their meeting: Laws of New Netbcrland, 306. —
O'Callaghan's History of New Netherland, Vol. 11., 433.

The Church of New Amsterdam to the West India Com-
pany, Undeu D.\te OF 1061, (Spring).

This letter related to the settling of another pastor In New Amsterdam. Mega-
polcnsls and Drislus were becoming old. This letter referred to In letter of Dec.
16. 1661. None was obtained until Rev. Samuel Megapolensis settled there Id 1604.

1661

504 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

Cr^asrs of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies. 1661, May 23rd. Rev. Mr. Lyendecker

in the Chair.

Letters from ]^ew Xetherland, read.

A communication was re^d from Rev. Polhemius, of New
!N^etherland, dated Sept. 29, 1660, giving information of the pros-
perity of the Church there.

A communication from Rev. Samuel Drisius, of Xew Nether-
land, dated Oct. 4, 1660, was read. He announced that Rev.
Blom is settled in his church at Esopus, and Rev. Selyns at Brook-
lyn, each having been received with joy. And because this letter
embraces certain difficulties concerning the word " Here " in the
Formula for Holy Baptism, and concerning a certain Mennonist
who would join the church, we will communicate the same to the
Rev. Classis.

A letter was also read from Rev. Gideon Schaats of Bever-
wyck, in New Netherland, near Fort Orange, dated Sept. 22, 1660.
He announces that the Lutherans are taking up subscriptions for
the support of a Lutheran minister, asserting that permission was
granted them by the Directors. This must result in harm to the
Reformed Church at that place, where now everything goes on
quietly and to edification. A remedy is requested. The matter
will be brought before the Classis.

Rev. Mr. Selyns writes under date of Oct. 4, 1660, He informs
us of his journey, arrival and installation, (or presentation) as
well as the condition of the church in Brooklyn. Everything is
in good order there, xx. 421.

Rev. Sam. Megapolensis.

1661, May 30th.

Rev. Samuel Megapolensis, SS. Theol. Cand., has asked to be
accepted as a recommended Candidate. Good testimonials from

OF THE State of New York. 500

1661

the Rev. Classis of Haarlem having- been read concerning liiui,

and he having delivered a trial sermon before the Deputies,

his request was granted, after the usual subscription (of the

formula?.) He lives at Vianen (in South Holland), vi. 228.

Those Baptized by Mennonists, not to be Rebaptized.

IfiGl, May 30th.

The church of New Amsterdam in the Manhatans asks whether
a certain former Mennonist, baptized when an adult by the Men-
nonists, but now converted to the true Religion, pious in life,
diligent in the hearing of God's word, desiring to be received as
a member of the Church, ought to be first rebaptized in our
Church. It is understood not to be necessary, according to a
resolution of Synod. This shall be written to the brethren.
vi. 230; xix. 72, 73.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Casus regarding Holy Baptism in the West Indies.

1G61, June 7th.

The Brc'tlivon in the West Indies have nuide known to the
Classis by writing, that the Honorable Directors had written to
them that henceforth in the questions in Holy Baptism they
should leave out tlie word "Here", (Aliiier), inasmuch as the
Lutherans are so greatly offended thereat, that for that very rea-
son they neglect to bring their chihlren to lie bapti/.iMl in our
churches, as they would otherwise do. That their Honors bad
also sent over some old copies (of the Form) in which the Avord
'^ Here " is omitted. Their Honors had also let them know ex-
pressly that they were to expect no other order in regard to this
matter from these provinces, nor were they to follow any other;
that thereupon, in the churches there, the intent of the com-
mand of the Hon. Directors, is observed, on ac<'Ount of the im-

1661

506 Ecclesiastical Records

portance of the subject the Assembly postponed action thereon
until the next session, vi. 231, 232 ; xix. 73.

Acts of the Deputies. Michael Siperus.

1661, July 1st.
It was reported in a communication from Alkmaer, in a letter
shown to Rev. Winkelig, that Michael Cornelisz. Siperus, while
employed in the school there, had led a very bad life; that he
had fallen into many very grievous faults, and for these had been
rebuked in the presence of the entire Gymnasium. He had here
and there made purchases in the name of the Rector, and had
then taken these to the pawnshop, etc. These facts shall be
made known to the Classis. xx. 423.

CouET Minutes of New Amsterdam.
Alexander C. Curtius Offers to Teach Latin.

1661, Jaly 12.

Alexander Carolus Curtius communicates in writing the offer of Ills services. If
this City will contribute to him six hundred guilders a year in beavers, on con-
dition of receiving no contribution from the youth. Whereupon serves as marginal
order: — Burgomasters and Schepens refer the petitioner to the Right Honorable
Director General and Council of New Netherland. — Early Records of New Amster-
dam, Vol. ill. 344.

Acts of the Deputies.

Letter to Rev. Van Beaumont, on Curacoa, sent July 9, 1661, with
the ship " De Moor ".

1661, July 8th.

Copy of the letter to Rev. Adrian van Beaumont, in the name
of the Rev. Classis, in reply to his letter, dated April 17, 1660.

Reverend, Pious, Highly Learned and Beloved Brother in

Christ: —

Your esteemed writing, dated April 17, 1660, to the Classis
of Amsterdam was communicated to it by the Deputies ad res
Indicas. The Rev. Brethren have learned wdth pleasure of your
pious endeavors, as also of the Christian aid and support given

OF THE State of New York. 507

to the Hon. Director of the Island, to remove those obstructions,
which had almost completely interrupted the stream of Divine
truth, and exhibition of piety. AVe trust that God the Lord has
croAvned your faithful labors with his rich blessing. Some breth-
ren of the Classis think that Michael Siperus is well known in
this country as a very unworthy person. Further inquiries shall
be made in reference to him and care shall be taken for the edifi-
cation of Grod's Church, in case the people of New Xetherland
have advanced him to any church office. The pious zeal of the
Hon. Director against unnecessary taverns, as indicated by the
salutary placards issued against the enormous sins emanating from
them, has been well received by the Classis, which desires every-
where such pious patrons. It is to be hoped, (it stands to hope)
that much good will be done by such means, which very greatly
sustain the labors of faithful preachers; may the Director still
further seek to maintain the cause of Christ, unto the salvation
of many people, and to the glory of the Almighty. Good fruits
already show themselves in the marked increase of members, un-
der your faithful labor in this field-work of the Lord Christ. That
increase is sure to grow still more by the careful instruction of the
tender youth, as the brethren are informed by your letter, which
was very satisfactory to them. A\^e hope that in time you v.ill find
sufficient material to fonn a proper consistory, and to bring the
congregation into a state of peace.

The request for a capable schoolmaster in the Spanish language,
for the instruction of the Indians in the knowledge of the true
God, the brethren look upon as an excellent suggestion. They
have communicated the same to some of the Diroctoi^s, bnt see
very little likelihood of finding a person calculated for such work.
We shall, however, use all possible diligence to search for a capa-
ble man, that those poor blind people may be enriched by the
light and gi-ace of Christ. The religious books asked for, namely,
a large Bible, two psalm-books in quarto, some small testaments

1661

508 Ecclesiastical Recokds

with. Psalm-books, the Hon. Messrs. Directors have agreed to send,
and we understand that they have already been shipped.

As to your inquiry regarding the administration of Holy Bap-
tism to the Negroes, Indians, and their young children : — The
Classis deems it necessary that you observe the good rule of the
church here in this land, where no one, who is an adult, is admit-
ted to baptism without previous confession of his faith. Accord-
ingly the adult NegToes and Indians must also be previously in-
structed and make confession of their faith before Holy Baptism
may be administered to them. As to their children, the Classis
answers, that as long as the parents are actually heathen, although
they were baptized in the gross, (by wholesale, by the Papists),
the children may not be baptized, unless the parents pass over to
Christianity, and abandon heathenism.

Concluding herewith we commend you to God and the Word of
His Grace. We pray the Great Lord of the harvest to please to
bless your faithful labors, that many souls may be won for Christ,
and be brought into his eternal garaer. May the grace of the
Lord encircle your person, your family, your congi-egation and
your whole Island like a fiery wall, that no enemies may break
through, and fall upon you to do you any harm. Thus we wish
from the heart, and remain,

Reverend, Pious, Highly Learned Brother,

C. Schulz, Pastor Amst : and tempore
Deputatus Classis ad transmarimas.

Peter Grians, Deputatorum p.t. Clerk. — xx. 425.

A Case of Marriage.

Amongst the People called Quakers Stated and maintained
Legall at ISTothingham Assizes the 8th of the 6th mo. called
August, 1661.

The 22ncl day of October le.'S William Ashwell of Coddington in the county of
Nothinghani, yeoman, according to the good order of the people of God called
Quakers tooke to wife Anne Ridge Daughter of Thomas Ridge of North CoHingham

OF THE State of Xew York, 509

In the same County. Their marriage was solemnized in the Citty of Lincholne in
the presence of Martyn Mason William Garland William Willowes Vincent Ffother-
ington Robert Shaw George Leucas and John Roberts who gave Certificate thereof
under their hands in few years after the said marriage the said William Ashwell
had by his said wife one Daughter named Mary Ashwell and sooue after Departed
this life intestate; the said Mary survivinge the said William Leauinge a Copphold
Estate of Inheritance not settled nor disposed of in his lifetime; Mary his Daughter
was presented to the Mannor Court and accepted by the Teniiants as next heir at
law to her father and so admitted Tennant to her Father's herreditory Estate; soone
after John Ashwell being the next of liiiidred unto William the deceased made entry
and Claime to ye said lands of Inheritance as next heir at law under pretence that
the marriage of William with Anne his wife was not Legall and so Mary the
Daughter not Legittiniate and so not in capacity of Heirshipp and thereupon Com-
menced the Suite at ye Common Law to oust Mary out of the possession of the
lands in question: and at Midsommer Nottingham Assizes IGOl: Brought on the said
suite to tryall the plaintive's Counclll was one Willmot neere Darby and some
others, who oppened his case and Tittles to the lands in question with reflective
words and unseemely Expressions against the people called Quakers falsely alleadg-
ing they went together lilse bruits and after their cursory manner of abuse they
proceeded to prove his relation and alliance to William Ashwell ye Deceased whose
next heire he pretended to be and so Intituled to ye Lands; his principal witness
was John Death of Brotherton neere Newarlvc; after he had signified his Evidence
the Couucill for Mary Ashwell viz., Serjent Newdigall of Serjeuts Inn in fleete
Street I^ondon, and Charles Dollinson of Lincholus Inn, made defense by suffltient
witnesse (viz.) Richard Gossy of Coddingtou William Bell and Edward Goodyear of
the same place, and by the Certificate of their marriage; subscribed by the people
called Quakers and others; proved thelre Sollemne Marriage, and their sober Con-
versation together within which time of wedlock Mary Ashwell was borne, and soe
the true Heire to her father's Lands; John Archer the Judge of Assize after hearing
ye Evidence ptics and what eitlier ptie could alleadge. Directed his Discourse to the
Jury telling them that as for the Quakers wee know not their opinions — but did
belecue they did not goe together like Bruit Beasts as had beene said, but as
Christians; therefore did beleeue that the Marriadge between William Ashwell and
Anne Ridge was lawfull, and Mary theire Daughter Heire to the Lands in question;
and brought a case to satisfle ye Jury it was to the purpose, A man tliat was weake
of Body and kept his Bed in that condition — his desire was to take a wooman
[)resent to be his wife; accordingly he then declared that he tooke that wooman to
be his wife and sliee declared that shee tooke that man to be her husband and all
Bishopps at that time did conclude it to be a lawfull marriage as the Judge then
said; and further told ye jury that there was a Marriage in I'arradise; Adilani took
Eve, and Eve took Addam, and none other present, and it was, said he. ye consent
of ye ptics that m.ade a marriadge. So ye Jury found if for ye Defendant and Mary
Ashwell lias ever since Continued in peaceal)le possession of her father's s.-iiil lands
and Inheritance.

John Theaker of North Collingham lit Nottinghamshire Grazier married Anne ye
Relict of the said William Ashwell and Defended ye said Suite and as Guardian to
Mary Ashwell had ye land in possession uiitill ye dcalli i>f Mary who departed this
life about Decenil)er 1072 last past.

And at Richmond there was the like case tryed in their Si)iritnal (^ourf — a man
that was related to a ll'riend; the ffriend niarryluge and having a Child — and being
Deceased would have had ye Estate and sued for It, Saying ye Child was not heire
because the Qalher and mother were not married by a I'rlest — and there was a
tryall of if in Richmond Spiritual Court; and ye Court Cast ye man and made ye
Child heire of .ye lands and so allowed of ye marriage in ye yeare 1(!7;{.

In Maryland there was two fCriends marr.ved and ye Magistrate (luestioued theire
marriage and brought them Into trouble about It. At last It came before Assembly
and Counclll as alsoe ye Governor; tlicy were much puzzled about it, and Hrleuds

1661

510 Ecclesiastical Eecokds

having gone together accordinge to ye practice of ye Holy men in the Scriptures of
truth and law of god; they laying the matter before ye meeting, all things being
Cleare, a meeting was appointed on purpose for the taking one another and having
a Certificate; they being much puzzled both ye Assembly Council; Governor and
Magistrate; at last referred ye matter to an old ffryer a Papist; a father as they
called him; and his answer was to them that if that was not a lawfull marriage
there was not one in the world; this was about ye yeare 1670. — Doc. Hist. N. T.
ill. 606, 607.

Propositions Agreed Upon by the Committee in the I^ame

AND BeHALEE of THE CoMPANIE TO BE PRESENTED TO THE

Much Honored Gouvernor of the New Netherlands by
Those, Whose Names are Subscribed.

1. That If a Church or Churches of English shall be planted in the place
pr'pounded they may be allowed by the Authoritle of the high and mighty Lords
and States General of the United Provinces in the Netherlands in Europe and with
the approbation of the Bewindhebbers of the West India Company to enjoy all such
powers priuiledges and liberties in the Congregationall way as they haue enjoyed
them in New England aboue twentie years paste without any disturbance Impedi-
ment or impositions of any other formes, orders or customes to be obserued by
them: And that therein they be Allowed and Approued churches by some publique
testimonie upon Record.

2. That if the English Churches planted under the Dutch Government shall con-
sent to consociate together for mutuall helpfullness: They may be allowed by the
Authority and with the approbation aforesaid soe to doe and to call a synod and
therein be established by common consent such orders according to scripture as
may be requisite for the suppressing of haeresies, schismes and false worships and
for the establishment of truth with peace in those English churches. And that the
Gouernor and Courts at New Amsterdam shall protect the said English churches
and Synods from any that oppose them or be injurious to them.

3. The English planters doe desire that they may haue liberty and power by ye
Authority and with ye approbation aforesaid to haue the ordering of all Judicature
and of all their civill affaires within themselves, to chuse their owue magistrates
and all other officers and Constitute and keep Courts and make all such lawes and
orders as they shall find most sutable to their condition and welfare in that place
And that all persons, planters and others, for the time they are amongst them
within their precincts, shall be bound to acquiesce in all their lawes, orders,
sentences and appointments of any of their owne Court or Courts and officers
determinately according to such orders and lawes as are or shall be from time to
time agreed upon and enacted by them and unto their sentences made and verdicts
declared without appeals to any other Authority or jurisdiction. This power the
English in America within New England have had and exercised in all causes by
the graunt of the late King of England, Charles the First, as is to be seen in his
Majesties letters pattent aboue twentie years together. And it is much more neces-
sary that they haue it under the Dutch (whose lawes they know not nor understand
their language and the way and manner of their exerciseing this their sole power).
We purpose according to the fundamentalls receiued in New Hauen Collonie which
are in print to be seen (or the most of them) so far as we shall finde it will alike
suite Christ's ends and our conditions there.

4. That all the lands agreed for, be clearly and undeniably purchased of the
Indians by an Athentik Instrument or Instruments and that we may haue one of
them in our custody and that the hands of those Indians that haue the naturall and
ciuill right be subscribed and soe owned by them In the presence of English Dutch

OF THE State of New York. , 511

and Indians as lawfully bought and sould and that then these lands shall be made
ye proper Inheritance of the English Planters and their posteritie foreuer by the
Authoritie and power with the approbation aforesaid according to all present and
fBture orders, graunts and agreements or diuisions of all such lands so bought as
Bball be made by the English alone amongst themselues by persons Intrusted and
empowered by them for such afaires.

5. That noe inhabitants be put upon us by the Dutch but that we have the sole
power of disposeing our lands and entertaineing or rejecting all Inhabitants accord-
ing to agreements that shall from time to time be made amongst ourselves.

6. That the English Planters in the aforesaid places by Authority and with appro-
bation aforesaid may haue equal liberties of tradeing with the Dutch In all respects,
they payeing all lawful! dues and customes as the Dutch doe or with any other
whom so euer.

7. Our humble desire Is that the Promises being graunted by those in Holland or
to whom the Pattent and power of such graunts appertaineth, may be declared and
ratified by an Authenticall Instrument signed and sealed by the Pattentees in
Europe, If it remaines with them And that a copie of it so signed sealed and
Authentically Attested may be procured for the English Planted under the Dutch
to be by them kept among their publique Records for ye benefltt of Posteritie.

Benjamin Ffen
Robert Treatt
Rich: Lawe
Jasper Gun.
Dated this 8th of November 1661 flfrom Milford in New England. — Col. Docs. N. Y.

xiii. 209, 210. [See further, papers under dates, Nov. 23, 1661, Mar. 11, 1662, May

30, 1662.]

Answi:r of THE Director-General and Council to the Fore-
going Propositions, of Nov. 8, 1661.

Extract oiith of the Recordes and Resolutions of the Lord Di-
rector General and Counsels of the New Netherlands, taken
in their Court uppon.

Monday, the 28th of November 1661.

The Director Generall and Counsells off the New Netherlands haveing perused the
Commissione and Propositions, produced by Benjamin Fonne, Robert Treat, llitcli:
Lawe and Jasper Gun, Deputies of a greather Companie English I'eopie, propound-
Inge uppon Certaine termes to be admitted as Inhabbittens and subjects under this
Government, Doe judge the matter off a hevler Consernement as to give soo full
and satisfactory answer uppon every pcrtlcull.

Nevertheless, Consideringe the abovementloned Deputies are very desirous to ob-
taine any answer for to Relate unto their principals, is Resolved to give this follow-
ing provisionate Answer:

Because there is no difference in the fundnnicnlal polncts of the worslilp of God
betwixt these and the Churches of New England, as onely in the Ruelluge of the
same —

The Director Generall and Counsell doe malto noe Difllculte to give way and
consent unto the two first Propositions, because in our natyff Country, alsoo hero
was never practised restraint of Conscience. In the nieantyme we wish and hope
that by a neerer meetlnge and conference between oure and thclre Ministers further
Obstructions in this poiuct shall be removed and that all lovinge Unity shall bei
observed.

1661

512 Ecclesiastical Kecoeds

Uppon the third proposition unto the petitioners shall be graunted in the way of
Magistrature, Judicature and Sirill affaires, all such power. Authority, Privilege
and Liberty as all other townes and Collonies of New Netherland have obtained, to
wit, the Nomination off theire owne Magistrates within herselfes yearely in a
dubble Number to be present unto the Director Geuerall and Counsell for to be-
elected out of the same the Magistrates for that yeare and to confirm them, the
which shall be qualified with sufficient power and Authority for to make and to see
approbated and confirmed by the Director Generall and Counsell all such Ordinances
as they shall find good for the benefitt of theire townes or plantations, Accordinge
to the same to doe Right and Justice, the Appelle beinge Reserved unto the high
Court, in Conformite of the Generall Order and Exemptions graunted unto all the
Inhabitants of the New Netherlands. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiii. 210.

Ordinance of the Director General imposing a land tax at Esopus to defray the
expense of building a Minister's house there.

(See Laws of New Netherland, pages 413 and 448.)

Ordinance for the observance of the Sabbath, prevention of fires, construction of
fences and houses, and for keeping in repair the palisades at Wiltwyck, passed 18th
of November 1661.

(Ibidem page 415.)

Ordinance for the speedy collection of the arrears due on the House and salary
of the Minister at Esopus, passed November 24, 1661.

(Ibidem page 421.)— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiii. 211.

Ordinance of New I^etheeland, foe the Observance of the
Sabbath, Etc., Etc., 1661, iSTov. 18.

1. No person shall be permitted to perform on the Sabbath, by us called Sunday,
any work at his ordinary business, whether plowing, sowing, mowing, threshing,
winnowing, transporting wood, hay, straw or grain, grinding, or conveying any
goods to or from the Strand; on the penalty of one pound Flemish for the first time,
double as much for the second time, and four times double as much for the third
time.

2. Much less shall any one on the Sabbath of the Lord give entertainment iu
taverns; sell or give away, under any pretext whatsoever, beer, wine or any strong
drink, under the above mentioned fine; and if any one be found drunk on the
Sabbath of the Lord, he shall in addition to the one pound Flemish for the benefit
of the officer, be conveyed to the Watch house, and there remain at the discretion
of the Commissaries. * * * — Laws of New Netherland, 415, 416.

Extract from a Letter of Vice-Director La Montagne to
Stuyvesant, Regarding Beicks Purchased for and Sent to
DoMiNE Blom at Esopus. Fort Orange, 19th ]!!Tovembek,
1661.

In pursuance of your Honor's order I have called upon Anderies Herbertsen, the
Constable, for five thousand bricks; he stated, that he had none and could not get
any, so that I have been obliged to purchase them to fill your Honor's order I
bought three thousand from Master Jacob de Hince at ten guilders in beaver the
thousand, which Monsr. Cousseau was to take for himself to the Manhatans; I have
given a receipt for these bricks and bought three thousand more from Jan Verbeeck
for twenty two guilders in wampum to be paid here, which Reyndert Pietersen was
to take to the Manhatans; I have sent these six thousand bricks to Domine Blom
together with a letter to the same by Jan van Bremen. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiii. 213.

OF THE State of I^ew Yoek. 513

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies and their Correspondence.

1661, Dec. 5th.

Kev. Charles Schulerus in the Chair, xx. 428.

Copy of letter to Eev. Samuel Drisius of ISTew Netherland, Dec.
16, 1661, in answer to his letter of Oct. 4, 1660. xx. 431.

Grace, Peace and Salvation.

Keverend, Learned, and much Beloved Brother in our Lord Jesus
Christ :—

Your writing under date of Oct. 4, 1660, came to hand and was
presented to the Classis of Amsterdam. It announced that our
letter of March 1st of the same year, reached the Rev. brethren
safely, and that they had taken pleasure in the measures of the
Bev. Classis in behalf of the West India churches. It also in-
formed us of the safe arrival of the Rev. brethren, Blom and
Selyns, whom the church there received with much joy, and who
are installed in their offices. May the Lord our God bless their
services and make them fruitful.

You "^vrite concerning a certain person thirty years of age,
baptized by the Mennonites, but now manifesting an inclination
towards the true and Scriptural Reformed Religion; that he dil-
igently attends church, and is of a godly life, and desires to be
admitted to the Lord's table in the Reformed Church. But a ques-
tion has arisen whether he ought not to be rebaptized. Some of
the congregation at New Amsterdam maintain the affirmative;
others that the Mennonite baptism is sufficient. The Rev. Classis
having carefully weighed this matter is of opinion, that since he
has been baptized once, he need not again be baptized. Such is
indeed, the daily practice of the churches in this country. Holy
Baptism is not administered anew to such as have been previously
baptized by Papists or Mennonites. Such are admitted to the
33

1661

514 Ecclesiastical Recokds

Lord's Supper on confession of their faith.. If, therefore, the
Rev. brethren will regulate themselves in this case, according to
this practice, they will do well.

In a recent interview with the Hon. Directors, in order to in-
quire what hope there was that the congregation at ISTew Amster-
dam might once more be provided ^vith a pastor, their Honors in-
formed us that they had received a letter on this same subject
from the Eev. brethren in Xew jSTetherland ; that the business at
present was in such a condition, that it is not now known whether
jSTew Amsterdam will remain under the care of this city, or
whether it will come under the charge of the Directors of the
West India Company, so that we must have some patience con-
cerning this request, till the result of these affairs is known.
Meanwhile the Rev. Classis will gladly give diligence, and as soon
as the opportunity offers, will do their utmost to provide the above
mentioned congregation with an able pastor. Whereunto may
the Lord lend his gracious blessing.

Further, Rev. brother, it has come to our knowledge that onie
Michael Siperius, who has been for a long while at Curacoa, and
has preached there, but w^ho was sent away, has probably arrived
in 'N&w Netherland ; that there was also some probability that the
Rev. brethren might employ him in the preaching of God's Holy
Word. But we have heard an evil report of this person, having
been compelled, to prevent injury to the church of Christ, to in-
quire about him. We have been informed on good authority, that
the same Michael Siperius has been from his youth up, a good
for nothing person. In the school at Alckmaer he was publicly
chastised before all the scholars as an example. This was done
for many wicked acts, such as obtaining articles from stores in
the name of the rector, and taking them to pavm shops, and others
of a similar nature. Let this statement serve the Rev. brethren
as a christian warning, and as a guide concerning him.

May the Lord, who can do more than we can either ask or think.

OF THE State of IvTew York, 515

pour out his Fatherly blessing upon the brethren, all of whom are
most heartily greeted by us, in their respective services and con-
gregations. Amsterdam, Dec. 15, 1661. Signed in the name,
and by order of Classis,

Charles Schulerus, pastor Amstelod. et

Deputatorum ad res Indicas,

p. t. scriba.

Copy of a letter to Kev. Gideon Schaats, preached at Beverwyck

in JSTew E'etherland, Dec. 15, 1661, in answer to his letter to

this Classis, under date of Sept. 22, 1660. Acts of Deputies,

vol. XX. 432.

Grace, Peace, and Salvation.

Reverend, Learned, etc.

Your letter to the Classis of Amsterdam, under date of Sept.

22, 1660, concerning the efforts of the Lutherans to introduce

there a preacher of their persuasion, has been duly received by us.

"We deemed it necessary to make inquiries of the Hon. Directors,

whether their Honors had any knowledge, or had given their

consent, that the said Lutherans might institute public religious

gatherings in the West Indies, or introduce a pastor or pastors.

"Whereupon the Hon. gentlemen answered us, that they knew

nothing of this matter, much less had given their consent to such

a thing; that they were also assured that his Excellency, General

Stuyvesant, who was such a staunch lover and defender of the

true Reformed religion, would not endure the existence of the

Lutherans, if they should grow too bold. From this you yourself,

and all interested congregations may observe that the pretended

consent was not given, and that the Lutherans can in no sense

justify their actions on this ground; nor will they ever obtain

such permission here. You may freely inform the good people

concerning this, that they may dismiss their newly conceived

hopes, since they may find abundant edification and comfort of

soul, through the blessing of the Lord, in the Reformed worship,

1661

516 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

if they hearken diligently, and endeavor to walk before God and
men with a good conscience. We trust that your congregation
will have no need to fear further agitation from such injurious
winds.

The Rev. Classis is heartily rejoiced at the happy increase of
members in your church. May the Lord of the harvest bless you
more and more mth knowledge, love and holy fear, unto salva-
tion. May he grant that you. Worthy Brother, be faithful to him
that has called you, that you may wisely employ the talent given,
so that in the great day, you may with confidence appear before
the Shepherd of the Sheep, and say, " Here am I, and the children
whom thou hast given me "; and may hear in reply, " Well done
good and faithful servant, enter into the joy of thy Lord ".
Herewith our brotherly greeting and the grace of Christ.
Signed, in the name and by order of the Rev. Classis.
Carl Schulerus, pastor Amstelod. et
Deputatorum ad res Indicas,
p. t. Praeses.
Petrus Gribius, preacher in Amsterdam,
Amsterdam, Deputatorum, p. t. Scriba,

Dec. 15, 1661.

Peoclamation of Gov. Petee Stuyvesant, Jan. 26, 1662, Ap-
pointing A Day of Thanksgiving, Fasting and Peayee, foe
Maech 15, 1662. _^^^

The great God has during the past year, as a righteous ruler,
sorely visited this province in general, and many of its inhabit-
ants in particular, on account of our manifold sins, of which not
the least is our ingratitude for the benefits and blessings we have
enjoyed, and our protection against foreign and domestic enemies.
He has chastised us in some instances with pestilence and hitherto
unknown fevers and diseases; again with sudden heavy rains and
floods of water in the summer, by which the promising harvest
was rendered unfruitful to the inhabitants; again by severe

OF THE State of New York. 5 IT

1662

drought, by reason of which the fruits of the field were greatly
injured and nearly cut off; and also by other trials. But at the
same time, as a merciful and compassionate Father, he has re-
membered his loving kindness in the midst of judgements, blessing
this province in general, and many of its inhabitants in particular,
\vith favors and benefits of signal value, and deserving the warm-
est gratitude. Among these may be numbered, as not the least,
the healing and removal of the above mentioned unusual diseases
and fevers, the continuation of peace and quietness amid so many
enemies with the prevailing rumors of new commotions and vio-
lence, and the renewed supply of a good and fruitful harvest.
Above all these should be highly esteemed the preservation of hia
pure religion, and the peaceful enjoyment of the pure and un-
adulterated light of his Gospel in our candlestick, which, hoW'
ever greatly to be deplored, is in very many places either
quenched by persecution, or darkened and corrupted by human
perversions. These and many other blessings and benefits should
urge us to all thankfulness, while at the same time the mixture

of his Fatherly chastisements, and thus not with these

benefits, should lead us to careful examination, that, on the one
hand we may pour forth our thankful praises, and on the other
hand, by humility, penitence and reformation of life, avert his
judgements, and acknowledge him as the giver of every good and
perfect gift, both temporal and spiritual.

Influenced by these considerations, the Director-General and
the Council have deemed it necessary to select a day of general
thanksgiving, fasting and prayer, to be held throughout this prov-
ince on Wednesday March 15th. The inhabitants of this ]n-ov-
ince, both those in authority and in subjection, are all hereby
directed to assemble in the churches or places wherein the Word
of God is publicly preached or read, and there mth hiunble and
contrite hearts, to call earnestly upon the name of the Lord, be-
seeching the Majesty of Heaven, in his gracious pleasure, to

518 Ecclesiastical Records

1662

remove and avert from us his righteous and well deserved afflic-
tive dispensations, to preserve peace and friendly intercourse
between us and our neighbors, to take this growing province
under his Fatherly protection and guard it against all e"val devices ;
to bless the fruits of the earth with the early and the latter rain ;
and above all to cause the growth and advancement of the fear
of his most Holy ISTame, and the hatred of sin among us.

That the observeance of the day may be better attained, the
Director-General and the Council forbid, during the appointed
day of thanksgiving fasting and prayer, all plays, as tennu, ball,
etc.; fishing, plowing, sowing, etc. The ministers of the word of
God within this province are requested to direct their sermons
and prayers to the object for which the day is appointed.

Done in a meeting of the Hon. Director and Council, held in
Fort Amsterdam in 'New ISTetherland, Jan. 26, 1662.

By order of the Director-General and Council of New Xether-

land.

Peter Stuyvesant.

C. Van Ruyven, Secretary. — Col.mss.

William Beeckmax to Director Stuyvesant ;

Rev. Aegidius Luyck Goes to Ma^thattans.

Herewith goes Domine Aegidius Luyck with your Honorable Worships' and
private letters from Holland, as the skipper does not like to leave already.

Altena, February 20, 1662.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xil. 361. 362.

Further Answer of the Director-General and Council to
THE Proposals of Messrs. Fenn and Others, of ISTew Haven
Colony, Stating the Conditions on Which They May
Settle a Town on Achter Cull. [See ISTov. 8 and 28,
1661.]

! 1662, March 11.

John Gregorle, arrived here yesterday from New England, requested further
answer to the propositions of some Englishmen, which are recorded in the Register
of Resolutions under date of 28th of November 1661. The following answer was
given to him.

OF THE State of Xew York. 519

Worthy and Lovinge friendes:

Wee doe Conceave, that our Scriptuall answer more largely declared by words of
mouth and mutuall discourses are such as possybely can be Expected and as is
Answerabel to our Superiors in Europe: it is l^nown (Honor and thancks be given
for it to the Bountifull God), that there is no at the Least differency In the
foundamentall points of Religion, the differency in Churches orders and gouvern-
ment so small that wee doe not stick at it, therefore have left and leave it still to
the freedom off your owne Consieuces.

In Civil matters which doe not Schruppel the Conslency, It is a Common Proverb,
in Strainge places, we may flnde, but must make noe Lawes; Conferringe our Com-
mon Practis in matters of Civil Justice with your Printed orders we find soe little
difference, that it will not hinder the business in hand, only the Appeale and Con-
firmation of Magistrates out of dubble Number (as a token of an acknowledgement
to a higher authority): must bo Referred to the Gouverneur General and Council in
tyme beeinge; but if the summe whereof a party may appeale and the Feynes before
he may Appeale (beinge Commonly hundert gilders and the feynes twoe Pound
Sterlinge) to your judgement is too small both may be exalted to a heyer Summe.

The Contirmation of Magistrates out of dubbel Number Is in several Respects
requisit and needful, more for the good of the township, as for the Authority of the
Government; the Reasons Shortenes Sake, wee shall deferre to more Convenient
tyme and Place, the Common practis of the Governour and Counsel before they
proceed to the Election and Confirmation of the New Magistrates is to advyse with
the deputy of the old Magistrates presentinge the nominations before them, which
the most fitted men are for that office, wheroout in part the premisses may be
deducted.

These twoe polncts beinge amongst your Propositions and Principals, whereabouts
at the last meetinge the differancy (to our Remembrance) was left and the Bearer
your Present messenger and agent John Gregorie beinge not further Instructed, wee
shall break off for the Present, only wee thought it meete for the furtherance of
the matters in hand to acquaint yow and those it may concerne with the oath of
Fidelity which in the first place all Inhabitants, secondly all Magistrates and mili-
tary officers, every one In his place are to doe, Soe after our love and Respects wee

shall Rest —

Your Lovinge friend.

Amsterdam in the New Netherlands this lllh of March 1GG2.

A Coppie of the Oath of Fidelity to be done and Subskrybet by those that are to
Come and Settel under the Government of the Province of the New Netherlands.

Wee doe in the Presence of the Almighty God hereby acknowledge, declare and
sweare, that wee shall be true and faithful unto the high and mighty Lords and
States Generals of the United Belglcq Provinces, the Right Ilonnourable the Lords
Bewinthebbers of the West India Company, theire Governour and Counsel in tyme
Beinge all fitting and due obcdiance accordinge as other Prince or State to hare
Dominion over us. Soo long as we shall live and Continue In this iheyre I'rovince
and Jurisdiction off the New Netherlands.

Soo help my (or us) the God Almighty.

Oath for Magistrates.

I, N. N., doe wel and truely sweare in the Presence of the Almighty and Ever-
livlnge God to be true and faitliful to the high and mighty Lords and States Gen-
erals of the United Belglcq Provinces, the Right Ilonnourable the Lords Bewintheb-
bers of the West India Company, their Gouvernor General and Counsel in tyme
Beinge, that I as Choosen and Confirmed Magistrate for the towne of N. N. shall
mafntalne the true and Protestant Religion, soo as the same accordinge to the word
of God is declared and In this Province is I'rofessed, that I shall use my best and
utmost endeavor for the Suprossiou off Mutinls, Sedition, Conspiraces or Invasion
whatsoever I shall heare, may be prejudicial to the abovenientioned high and mighty
and honnourabie Lords and their Government here Established, as also to the wel-

1662

520 Ecclesiastical Kecoeds

fare of this Province in general as to the Particular Towne, whereof I was Choosen;
that I accordinge to my best Skll as one of the Magistrates Chosen by the aforesaid
Towne Shal use and Exercise good and Equal Administration of Justice, without
favor or affection, hatred or malicy to the Persons or Partys, and not be a Counselar
In Prlvat in any Cause dependinge before mee —
Soo help mee God Almighty.

Oath of Military Officers in the Towneships.

I, N. N., Captain, Lelftennant, Eynsen, Serglant and all the Compagnie before
this present Coulers, doe well and truly Sweare in the Presence of the Almighty
and Everlivinge God, that wee shal bee true and faithful to the high and mighty
Lords the States Generals of the United Belgicq Provinces, the honnourable Lords
the Bewlnthebbers of the West India Company and their Governor and Government
heere Established, that we shall shew them and alsoo our Subalterne Magistrates
all due Respects and obediance not Bearingh any Armes against them in what
Respect soever —

Soo help my (or us) God Almighty.

Here follows a private latter of his Honor, the Director General, sent concerning
the foregoing matter to Mr. Robert Triatt.
By Mr. John Gregorie was our answer to the Compagnie in general and therefore
sent open, where out may be deducted, that all the Points of your Propositionsi
where graunted, except the Appeale, Election and Confirmation of Magistrates,
from the first wee kan not declaine, the Reasons of the other wheerefore it in a
dubbel Number ought to be presented to a heyer Authority ware to my opinion soo
Just and walthy that I see noe Reasons how to answer the denyal, notwithstandinge
If any to the contrary can be brought forth, which may give more light and Satis-
faction to our Court after due Examination, I wil and shal by all possible means
endeavor both here and if neede Requires by our Superiors in Europa, that the
Company in that point and in some other grievances may obtain al Reasonable-
satisfaction: I hope not, that such a small difference will cut off the business in
hand, therefore I shall Request you will be pleased to send me word by the Bearer,
your and the Company final Resolution, that we in buyinge and disposeinge of that
trackt of Land may order our occasions as the present tyme for the common good
of this Provlncy shal offer, so after my love and respects I shall Rest.

Your lovinge friend.
Post Schript:

The Bearer Dirck Johnz desyred my a letter of address in the behalfe of hlsi
cause, dependingh before the Governor and Court of New Haven Jurisdiction, my
Request is yow will be pleased to be helpful unto him, if Security should be re-
quired, for his goods Layinge under Arrest, if you will be pleased to become his
Security for it, these shall oblige me to save you harmless, so after my love I Rest
as before —

Amsterdam in the Netherlands
this 13th of March 1662.— Col. Docs. N. T. xiii. 216, 217, 218.

William Beeckman to Director Stuyvesant ;

E.EV. Laers ;

In the matter of the pastor, Domine Laers, nothing has been
done. I shall take it up now.

Altena, March 18, 1862.— Col. Docs. N". Y. xii. 363, 364.

OF THE State of ITew York. 521

Court Minutes of INTew Amsterdam.
Repairs of Churcli of ISTew Amsterdam.

1662. March 28.
Nlcaslus de Sllle and Hendrlck Janzen van der Vln, In quality of Churchmasters,
entering report that they have agreed with Claes Mareschalk to repair the glass In
the Church, which he undertook for a reasonable price; but he rendered unto them
an unreasonable account therefor, producing the same, with a request that the
Magistrates examine the same. Claes Mareschalk says, he calculated according to
the Church work, and has had great trouble to set the lozenges in the arms in their
proper places. Burgomasters and Schepens refer the matter in question to Cornelius
Steenwyck, old schepen and now Orphan Master of this City, and to Adolph
Pietersen, to take up the account, to discuss and decide the same; to reconcile
parties, if possible; if not, to report their conclusion to the Court. — Early Records
of New Amsterdam, iv. 57.

West India Co. Sell Their Rights in South Eiver to City of

Amsterdam.

1662, April^une.

The declining condition of the West India Company compelled Its Directors to
dispose of a portion of their territory on the South River (or Delaware) to the city
of Amsterdam, which had undertaken to colonize it, but with little success. In
1662 a colony of Mennonites was organized by the Burgomasters of Amsterdam for
settling on the Delaware.— Smith, 30. See also Col. Docs. N. Y. 11. 176-7.

Resolution of the Common Council of the City of Amster-
dam.

1662, April 20.

The Burgomasters have also reported that about twenty five Mennonlst families
had declared their inclination to remove to and reside in the city's Colonic In New
Netherland, if this city would resolve to assist each family to that end with two
hundred guilders for once. In addition to the passage money, on condition that such
families would jointly and severally bind themselves to repay the same. Which
being considered, it is resolved to loan each family one hundred guilders on such
conditions, the passage money therein included. — Col. Docs. N. Y. ii. 176.

Petition. Rev. Laurentius Carolus for Remission of a Fine
Imposed on Him, Etc.

Noble, Honorable General. Sir: My humble service and what further lies in my
power are always at your disposal. It will not l>e unknown to your Honor, how,
since the elopement of my wife, I have stumbled from one mishap Into the other,
because all my steps taken on that account liave been given the worst explanation
and I have been condemned to heavy fines, which considering my poverty I am not
able to get together, for besides about two hundred guilders paid already, I have
now again been sentenced to a fine of two hundred and elglity guilders, which has
happened, because I was looking for my wife and thought she was in the room,
which I opened by force. I found there nothing but some pairs of .socks, which
the vagabond robber of my wife had left behind him. I inventoried these, and
whereas it has been so interpreted as if I had abused the Court by this act of
mine, therefore I have been fined two hundred and eighty guilders, as it Is pre-
tended, that the runaway was so much In debt; and whereas I have been condemned

1662

1663

522 Ecclesiastical Recokds

to this fine In my Innocence, having no other intention than to looli for my wife,
therefore it is my humble petition, that your Honor as Chief Magistrate may please
to be favorable and merciful to me and to forgive me, what in my ignorance hasj
happened here and to remit my punishment considering my poverty. As to having
married myself, I have proceeded lawfully therein, and consent was given. I have
followed the same custom, which others have followed here, who have not been
called up on that account. I declare on my conscience, that it was not done with
any bad Intention; had I known, that this self-marriage would be thus interpreted,
I would have willingly submitted to the usages of the Reformed Church, which
were not known to me.

Therefore I pray once more the Honorable General may please to assist me with
favor and mercy to attend to my poor vocation and means, so that I may enjoy my
bread and lifelihood without being a burden to anybody. The Lord Almighty, to
whose protection I faithfully commend your Honor, may move your Honor's heart
and mind to such mercy.

Your Honor's humble subject,

Laurentius Carolus,

L. Minister.

Uplandt, April SO, 1662. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xii. 367.

To the Noble, Honorable, Distinguished General Petrus Stuyvesant, Director of
New Netherland, at the Manhattans.

Habman van Hoboocken.

Order In Council. — Present, the Director General, Petrus Stuyvesant and the
Hon. Johan de Decker.

Whereas, Harman Van Hoboocken,* before schoolmaster and chorister, was re-
moved because another was sent to replace him (Pletersen) by the Lords Directors
and the Consistory, solicits to be employed again in one or other manner in the^
Company's service, so is he engaged as Adelborst (signifying a sergeant, or some-
thing above a common soldier), and allowed ten guilders per month, and g. 175 for
board from 27th Oct. 1661.

Nota: TThereas the aforesaid Harman is a person of Irreproachable life and
conduct, so shall he be employed on the bouwery of the Director General as school-
master and clerk (Voorleeser), with this condition, that the Director General, when-
ever his service might be wanted for the Company, as Adelborst, shall replace him
by another expert person. So that from this date, until after the capitulation, there
were two schools under the care of the Consistory — Pietersen's at or near Fort
Amsterdam, and Van Hoboocken's, on the Bouwery. " The Church at New Amster-
dam was now in a flourishing condition under the administration of Megapolensis
and Drisius."

The year following, 1662, the Burgomasters petitioned the " noble, great and
respectful Director General and Council in New Netherland," to grant a lot of
ground in Brewer Street (in the vicinity of Whitehall and Stone streets), opposite
the lot of Johannes de Peyster, for a schoolhouse, and also a lot outside the gates
for a burying ground; and the Director General and Council " deem It, for various
reasons, more proper that the school-house was constructed on a part of the present
church-yard," 1. e., within the fort.

There is no evidence to support the conclusion that the school-house was built as
contemplated. — Dunshee, 29, 30.

•Alb. Rec. six. 383. Governor Fish, in a letter to the author, writes: " I have
an impression, although it is but vague and indefinite, that Mr. Stuyvesant pointed
out to me the location of the old school-house, as situate on what now is the site of
Tompkins Market, about the corner of Sixth Street and Hall Place." It is well
known that Governor Stuyvesant provided for the education of the colored persons
on his extensive bouwery, and it is highly probable that Van Hoboocken had them
ander bis instruction.

OF THE State of ]N'ew York. 523

Council Minutes.
Petition in Reference to Minister's Salary at Hempstead.

Honnoured Lord*. Our humble request to your honnours is, that your honnoura
would be pleased to helpe us with your advice. Whereas the Towne of Heemstede
for the continuance of the Gospel amongst them have Concluded at a Towne meet-
Inge by the major parte of the Towne, that there should be given to the Minister
seventy pounds Sterlinge by the yeare, And Whereas the towne have called Mr.
Fourdum, and hee have Continued with us one yeare and a Rate being made by the
Towne and notice given to every man what he should paye, sum particular persona
amongst us Refuseth to pay towards the Maintanlency of the Minister, our humbel
Request to your Honnours is that you will bee pleased to helpe us with your advice,
what way to proseed against such persons as Refuse to paye accordinge to the
Towne order. Thus Cravinge your helpe wee leave It to your honnours wisdom to
Consider of

Yours In Loyaltle,

John Hickes
Robert Jackson.
May the 16th 1662.

May 26tb.

This is the answer made to the preceding petition:

The petitioners are hereby authorized, to compel the unwilling to pay.
This is the warrant, given to the Magistrates:

Whereas wee Credibly ware informed that sum of the Inhabitants of the Towne
of Heemstead were opposyt and unwilling to Contribute to the Malntenancy of a
Protestant Minister, The Magistrates of the said Towne, are by these presents
Inpowered and authorized, not only to Constraine those that are unwilling, but by
further denyal, to punish them as they In aequlty shall think meete. Date ast
above.— Col. Docs. N. Y. ilv. 513.

Further Answer to the Proposals of Robert Treat, Philipp
Graves and John Gregory of New Haven Concerning the
Settlement of Achter Cull, [Made Nov. 8, 1661.]

May 30th, (1062).

At the house of his Honor, the Director General, present the Director General and
the Councillors, Messrs. Nlcasius de Sllle, La Mnntagne and Johan de Deckere.

Uppon the propositions made by the English deputies Robbert Trlatt, Phllipp
Groues and John Gregory the Governor and Counsel of the New Netherlands doe
still Reraaine by that answer as formerly In Schrlptis was given and sent unto them
and for further Explanation of Sum particulars, which they thluke to be doubtful,
this presents may serve.

First Conserninge the twoe former Propositions about the Churches orders and
government wee Referre that unto themselves, that they not any way shall be
molested therein and Iff need should require that advyce should be taken with sum
English Ministers or Churches within these Province of the New Netherlands that
shall be left to their own liberty. But In case Iff a Synode thereunto must be Re-
quired the Approbation and Consent of the Governor and Counsel then belnge.

Conserninge the third Proposition the Governor and Counsel doe give Consent that
the aforesaid English Nation being setlet under this government shall have power
by the most vote of the Churches members, to nominate theire owne Magistrates in
such a quantity as they shall thlnck most meete and needfull for their Towne or
Townes, which Magistrates with the freemen shall be Impoured, to make such

1662

524 Ecclesiastical Records

Eawes and Ordinances, as occasion shall require, which lawes and ordinances after
Examination being found not oppuguant to the general lawes of the United Belgick
and this Provinces shall by the Governor and Counsel be Ratifyed and Confirmed
onto them, only the Governor and Counsel doe Reserve the Appeale of Criminel and
Civil sentences above the Sum of fifty pounds Sterlinge, without Reformation or
Appeale to that sum, for all such Inhabitants as thereunto shall Subschrybe and ye
Confirmation of the Magistrates out of a dubbel Number yearly to be presented unto
them, out of which dubbel Number with advyce or Communication of the old
Magistrates or their deputies the following Magistrates bj the Governor and Counsel
then being shall be Confirmed.

Conserninge the further propositions, they are by these presents graunted. Actum
In Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland, the 30th of May 1662. — Col. Docs. N. Y.
xlii. 221, 222.

Contract for the Conveyance of Mennonists to the Dela-
ware KlVER.

Burgomasters and Regents of the City of Amsterdam.

Whereas we remain, at all times, disposed to advance this city's Colonie In New
Netherland, therefore have we, with the knowledge and consent of the XXXVI.
Councillors, resolved to enter into the following agreement to that end with Pieter
Cornelisz Plockhoy, of Zierikzee, viz.:

He, Pieter Cornelisz Plockhoy, undertakes to present to us, as soon as possible,
XXIIII. men, who, with him, making a Society of XXV. persons, shall bind them-
selves to depart by the first sailing ship or ships to the aforesaid city's Colonie to
reside there and to work at the cultivation of the land, fishing, handicraft, etc., and
to be as diligent as possible not only to the end that they should live properly by
such labor, but that provision may thereby be made for other coming persons and
families.

Therefore the aforesaid Society of XXV. male persons, whether the same be
more or less, according as they may increase or diminish, shall, for the whole, and,
moreover, each member of said Society for himself individually, have the privilege
of selecting, taking up and appropriating as much land, the property of no other
person, whether in the Whorkill or in any other part of the district of this Colonie
wherever it may lie, as they shall be willing and able to cultivate and pasture.
Which lands, both divided and undivided, the aforesaid Society and Colonists
respectively shall occupy in full property, to do therewith as to them shall seem
good.

And the aforesaid Colonists, for the peace, union and welfare of their Society,
such rules and orders shall be empowered to enact as they shall think proper, pro-
vided, nevertheless, that each person who may consider himself wronged shall be
at liberty to appeal to the Magistrate there or here.

The aforesaid Society, and each member thereof in particular, shall, for their
further encoui-agement, be granted freedom from Tenths and all other Imposts,
howsoever they be named, for the term of XX. years.

And there shall be paid likewise, to each of the aforesaid twenty five persons, by
form of a loan, a sum of one hundred guilders to provide himself therefrom with
necessaries according to pleasure, on condition that such sum is understood to in-
clude his passage money only, and not those of his wife and children, who shall be
conveyed over at the expense of this city, conformably to the printed Conditions.

Therefore the aforesaid XXV. Colonists promise and bind themselves, in solidum,
the one for the other, to repay the aforesaid two thousand five hundred guilders to
this city agreeably to the 21 and 22 articles of the Conditions relating to the city's
Colonie, last printed and published.

Then, in case any of the aforesaid twenty five men should wish to leave the
Society before the time of the full payment of said two thousand five hundred

OF THE State of New York. 525

guilders, in order to return hither, he shail be at ilberty to do so, on condition of
leaving to the Society the undivided land, cattle and all other common property,
and taking with him only his own particular goods, so that the repayment may be
effected by the remaining Colonists. Therefore the passage money of such Colonist
and family as have gone away shall be paid by the Society out of the common
stock in return for his contributed labor.

And if any person will go over, or make the voyage at his own expense and yet
wish to save or even sell his share in the common fund, he shall be at liberty to do
so, on condition that he previously put one in his place or sell to such a one as the
Society respectively shall approve of, in order to help to have a strict eye over the
common labor and other things besides.

The aforesaid Society and the Individual members thereof remaining further
bound to observe, in all other respects, the aforesaid printed articles. In like man-
ner, also, the explanation of whatever should herein be found to demand further
interpretation remains reserved unto the Burgomasters of this State.

In testimony whereof have we, the Burgomasters and Regents aforesaid, the seal
of this city affixed to these presents the 9th of June, Anno 1662.

(Signed), Wlgbolt Slichet

Having a seal impressed in Green Wax. — Col. Docs. N. Y. 11. 176, 177.

Classis of Amstekdam.
Correspondeiice from America.

1662, Aug. Sth.
Rev. J. T. Polhemus to the Classis of Amsterdam.

Reverend, Pious and Much Respected Brethren in Christ Jesus : —

I write to you to express my dutiful and respectful regards, and
the remembrance which I cherish in my heart, and which I utter
in prayers to God in your behalf; and to inform you that I still
continue in the service of the ministry in the church here, and
as I hope, to the satisfaction of pious souls. In relation to the
general state of the church, which by the blessing of God, is con-
stantly increasing, I will only say that we stand in need of com-
munication with one another in the form of a Classis, after the
manner of the Fatherland. It is desirable that this be bcgim, al-
though I do not know of much business to be transacted. We also
live at a considerable distance from one another. I myself, on
account of the advanced period of my ministry, and my infirmities,
have but little personal interest in the matter, but ought rather
to hold myself in constant preparation for the grave, and for eter-

1669

1662

526 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

nel blessedness, I wish for you, even each one in particular, all
prosperity and consolation from the Lord. Given in 'New Nether-
land, in the town of Midwout, Aug. 8, 1662.

Yours affectionately and dutifully,

John T. Polhemus.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Call of a Minister to New ISTetherland. S. Megapolensis.

1662, Aug. 21st.

Rev. Cribius, as Deputatus ad res Indicas, makes known that
the Hon. Directors of the West Indian Company, announce that
they have need of a minister in the regions of New Netherland,
to assume the service of the church there. And as this matter
cannot brook any further delay, after the Assembly had made a
nomination of three persons, namely. Rev. Broeckhuysen, Rev.
Bralius, and Rev. S. Megapolensis, there was finally called, by
a majority of votes, for the service of the church of New Nether-
land, the Rev. Samuel Megapolensis. The time for his examina-
tion was appointed for Sept. 5th, and the text. Acts 26; 17, 18,
was given him by Rev. Examiner, for a sermon.

Whereas, on account of the shortness of the time (allowed) the
elders to appear at the (next) meeting of Classis, and because
the funds which are now lacking, cannot be collected, notwith-
standing the resolution formerly adopted; therefore the Rev. As-
sembly resolved, if there be no objection, to take up this matter
at the next regular meeting of the Classis, which shall be held
Sept. 4th. At this next meeting. Rev. John Mourcourtius shall
preside. — vi. 276; xix. 88.

Council Minutes. Quakers in Flushing.

Thursday, August 24th 1662.
To the Noble Honorable Director General and Council of New Netherland.

The Magistrates of Rnstdorp came here to-day and In form of complaint reported
to the Director General, that the majority of the Inhabitants of their village were
adherents and followers of the abomnlble sect, called Quakers, and that a large

OF THE State of ISTew York. 527

meeting was held at the house of John Bound In Vllsslngen every Sunday. They
requested, that this might be prevented one way or the other. Date as abov«
(August 24th, 1662.)

By these presents are all Magistrates and Inhabitants of the English Townes, In
the Jurisdiction of the New Netherlands Ordered and Required to assist the Bearer,
our Schout Resolved Waldron for to Imprlsson all such persons, which shall be
found in a prohibited or In a unlawfull meeting. Given under our hand this &th of
September Anno 1662.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 515.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

S. Megapolensis.

1662, Sept. 4th.

Rev. Homma makes known that Rev. Samuel Megapolensis asks
that his examinationj which in pursuance of preceding resolutions
was now to be taken up, may be postponed until October 2nd 1662,
inasmuch as there are yet two or three months before his de-
parture for Kew iNTetherland, the Rev. Assembly grants his re-
quest. The examination will be held on Oct. 3rd the day after the
last Classis (of the year). y\. 276; xix. 88.

For a Church at Amesfoort.

Noble, Very Worshipful, Learned, Wise, Prudent and Discreet Director General and
High Council of New Notherland.
Very Worshipful Gentlemen: As the Schepens of the Court of Amesfoort have
resolved to construct and build with your Honors' approbation and the help of
friends, a house of God and a place to meet for hearing God's wordj therefore your
Honors are humbly requested, to allow that said Court may collect voluntary con-
tributions from the friends of religion for building such a house. Awaiting your
Honors' approbation, etc., etc.

Your obedient servants.

The Schepens of the Court of Amesfoort
By their order,
Amesfoort, the 12th of Adrian Hegeman.

September 16C2.
September 14th, 1662.
Answered:
Flat qd. petltur.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 516.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

1662, Sept. 25th.

A report was presented by the Committee of the Deputies of the
Directors of the West India Company, concerning the call of Rev.
Samuel Megapolensis to the service of the churches of New Neth-
erland. He was chosen from among others presented with him.

1662

528 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

1662

Also at the same time the above mentioned gentlemen were in-
formed of the dissatisfaction of the Classis at the course of action
pursued by the said gentlemen twice or thrice already in their
(manner of) presentation of a person to qualify before the Rev.
Classis for the pastoral office. They had therein departed from
the old and commendable order previously observed. (The Classis
makes) the amicable request that such might not again occur in
the future. They answered that they were well satisfied with the
person of the Rev. (Samuel) Megapolensis, and that on future
occasion they would establish such rule as would secure the appro-
bation of the Classis. xx. 437.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Candidates Solinus, Rensselaer, and Lydius.

1662, Oct. 2nd.

Rev. Peter Solinus, Rev. Nicholas Rensselaer, and Isaac Lydius,
candidates in Sacred Theology, having stood within with the
others, request to be received among those recommended by the
Classis. The Rev. Assembly read their testimonials. After they
had given proof of their gifts, and had subscribed the formulae
of Concord, their request was granted, vi. 278.

Rev. S. Megapolensis.

1662, Oct. 2 (3?).

Rev. Samuel Megapolensis, called as minister to New Nether-
land, having stood within, preached a brief sermon on the words
in Acts 26:17, 18, wherein he bore himself in such a way that
it was unanimously judged that the examination be proceeded
with. In this likewise he acquitted himself to the complete satis-
faction of the Rev. Assembly, so that he was ordained to the min-
istry by the laying on of hands, by Rev. Homma, as Examiner.
He then subscribed the formulae of concord and the rich blessing
of the Lord was invoked upon him and his labors, by the Assem-
bly, vi. 279; xix. 92.

OF THE State of Xew York. 529

Couis^ciL Minutes. Bushwick School Affaies.

I December 28, 1662.

The Commissaries of Boswyek came before the Board and represented, that they
required in their village a suitable person to act as reader and schoolmaster, to
teach the children; as Boudewyn Maenhout from Crimpen on the Leek* had been
proposed as such person, they had made an agreement with him that he should act
as reader and also keep a school for the in; truction of the children, for which he Is
to receive a yearly salary of four hundred florins In wampum and free lodgings.
They request, that their action may be approved by the Director General and
Council and that the Company may contribute something towards the salary every
year.

A vote having been taken,

The Director General and Council of New Netherlaud have approved the engage-
ment of and the contract made with said Boudewyn Maenhout, on condition that
the same be first examined by the reverend clergj' of this city and declared fit for
the performance of the said duties. On behalf of the Company twenty five florins
heavy money shall be paid to said Boudewyn, to make the payment of the salary
more easy. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 519.

Council Minutes. Chuech Affairs in Midwout, L. I. Magis-
trates FOR 'N'EW Utrecht.

January 4, 1663.

Noble, Very Worshipful Director General and Honourable Council of New Nether-
land.

Upon your Honors' order the undersigned began to erect a church edifice at
Midwout in September 1658 and with God's help they have accomplished so much,
that all debts have been paid. Having borne the burden for some time and desir-
ing to be freed from it, also considering, that we are mortal, we respectfully re-
quest, that we might be discharged and an order made to that effect by your

Honors.

Your Honors' obedient servants,

Johannes Theodorus Polhemlus

Jan Strycker.

The foregoing petition was received and read. After a vote upon it, it was
answered:

The petition is granted and the Magistrates of Midwout are authorized, to
nominate a double number, from which the Director General and Council will select
two other churchmasters in the place of the above. Date as above. — Col. Docs.
N. Y. xiv. 520.

Classis OF Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies. Pastor for New Amstel.

1663, April 4th.

The question was suggested, whether it would not be useful to
request of the very Hon. Councilors of Amsterdam, or of the
Hon. Commissioners, that a pastor should a<rain be sent to New

• In the Province of South Holland.

1662

1663

530 Ecclesiastical Records

Amstel, in New l^etlierland, on the South (Delaware) river, in
the place left vacant by Rev. Mr. Welius, deceased. Whereas it
has been ascertained from the Hon. Directors of the West India
Company, who have also agreed to contribute their share towards
it, that this matter remains to be disposed of by the Hon. the very
worthy. Burgomasters of the city of Amsterdam, it was resolved
to urge the matter upon them. — Vol. xxi. 3.

(1663, April, Rev. John Livingston, of Ancrum, Scotland, fled
to Holland. He was ancestor of Rev. Dr. John H. Livingston,
famous in the Reformed Dutch Church, 1770-1825. See Steven's
Hist, of the Presbyterian Church, Rotterdam. Also Life of Rev.
Dr. John H. Livingston.)

Extract from a Letter of the Directors to Stuyvesant:
Huguenots ; Quakers.

(April 16, 1663.)

You have not been correctly Informed In regard to a renewed request of the
oppressed Pledmontese for transportation to New Netherland, but we have been
approached on a similar subject by and in the name of the Protestant people of
Rochelle, who are now also considerably oppressed and deprived of their privileges.
Although we cannot as yet say much about it, it is not unlikely that it will go on
some time and then we shall not fail to give you timely notice before they arrive,
that you may make the necessary preparations. As in the meantime more and
more people will come there from here every day, we think, that you should not
delay the purchasing of fertile and conveniently located lands from the natives, to
anticipate the English and be in possession of these lands more rightfully and
peacefully. You will act accordingly.

Your last letter informed us that you had banished from the Province and sent
hither by ship a certain Quaker, John Bowne by name: although we heartily desire,
that these and other sectarians remained away from there, yet as they do not, we
doubt very much, whether we can proceed against them rigorously without diminish-
ing the population and stopping immigration, which must be favored at a so tendet
stage of the country's existence. You may therefore shut your eyes, at least not
force people's consciences, but allow every one to have his own belief, as long as
he behaves quietly and legally, gives no offence to his neighbors and does not oppose
the government. As the government of this city has always practised this maxim
of moderation and consequently has often had a considerable Influx of people, we
do not doubt, that your Province too would be benefitted by it. — Col. Docs. N. Y.
xlv. 525, 520.

OF THE State of New York. 531

Council Mustutes Church at Amesfoort ;

Tithes ;

May 26, 1663.

To the Noble, Very Worshipful Director General and Council of New Netherland.

Humbly and respectfully show the Schepens of the village of Amesfoort, for
themselvee and for the good inhabitants of that village, that the petitioners are
building a church, to hear God's word taught therein, and as they have so far done
the work, with the approbation of the Director General and Council, at their own
expense and trouble with great labor, but now find, that it shall cost much more
than they calculated, while the harvest of last year was a very bad one, which
made them get in debt, therefore your petitioners humbly turn to your Honors and
request, to be excused from paying the tenths for this year or that your Honori
will make provisions for continuing the work on the Church with diligence and for
the honor of God's holy name. Wherewith etc.

Your Honors' obedient servants

The Magistrates of Amesfoort.
By their order,

Adrian Hegeman, Secretary pro hac.
— Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 527.

William Beeckman to Director Stuyvesant ; — New Swedish

Clergyman.

Altena, June 6, 1663.

Sir. Until to-day no chance has offered itself, to speak with the new Swedish or
Lutheran Domine.* I shall forward to him the desired matter, pursuant to your
Honorable Worship's order. Vale.

♦Abelius Zetscoorn. Acrellus says of him: "A student, A. Selskoorn, came to the
country and for some time held divine service at Sand-hook (New Castle), then went
to New Amsterdam and received a call from Stuyvesant; he never had charge of
any congregation on the South River as a regularly ordained clergyman. — Col. Doci.
N. Y. xil. 431, 432.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Rev. Megapolensis.

1663, June 2nd.

The Deputati ad res Indieas report that Rev. IMegapolensis,
Junior, called as minister to New Netherland, has caused to be
asked thro' them, of the Hon. Directors, an increase in his salary,
because he will have to preach in two languages. The Rev. Classis
resolved not to enter into this subject. And whereas it is reported
that he is also studying medicine in Leyden, the Rev. Deputati
will call his attention to the Synod ical resolution against the
practice of medicine (by ministers,) and that according to his

1663

532 Ecclesiastical Records

1663

promise lie must depart as soon as possible, the sooner the better,

to his designated field of labor, vi. 308, 309; xix. 100.

(See many items against ministers also practising medicine in
extracts from minutes of Synod.)

Classis of Amstekdam.

Correspondence from America.

Eev. Samuel Megapolensis, yet in Holland, to the Classis of
Amsterdam, June 1663.

The original was in Latin, but is now wanting. It is referred to,
with an abstract, in Acts of Deputies of June 25, 1663.

William BEECKMAisr to Director Stuyvesant ;

Altena, June 24, 1663.

Abelius Zetscoren received an invitation and call from the Swedish congregation,
subject to your Honor's approval, but Domlne Laers objects to it with all his in-
fluence, so that the Commissaries were compelled to threaten him with a protest,
before he could be persuaded to permit Domine Letscoren to preach on the second
day of Pentecost. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xii. 433.

Order to Enforce the British IN'avigatign Act in the Platt-

TATIONS.
: June 24, 1663.

Abstract. — This required that all goods from the Plantations should go first to
Great Britain; but this had not been always obeyed, and hence the King's revenues
were decreased. This applied especially to Monados, (Manhattan) and other planta-
tions of Hollanders. Complaints were also made that the Dutch had intruded on
the Manahtoes and Long Island. — Col. Docs. N. Y. iii. 45, 46.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

1663, Jime 25th.

Eev. Mr. Mensoo read a certain letter, written in Latin, from
Rev. (Samuel) Megapolensis, already called by this Classis, to the
service of the church in !N^ew ISTetherland. In this he requests
that his call may be made out before his departure, and that the
blank spaces in the same may be left open, that when he shall
have arrived in New !Netherland he may insert the name of the

OF THE State of Xew York. 533

place to which he may be sent. Furthermore, he has also
had his brother orally request Rev. 'Mr. Mensoo for a testi-
monial concerning the examination which he passed, some-
what broader and ampler than that usually given; also, that
the Brethren, the Deputies would request the Directors for
an increase of his salary. Resolved, in regard to the first
and second, that we abide by the ordinary formula, instituted
by Rev. Classis for that purpose. Touching the third, an in-
crease of salary, we understand that this must be done by order
of Classis, whither this request is referred. Also as it is under-
stood upon good authority that Megapolensis is at present studying
medicine at Leyden, in order that he may obtain a doctors degree
before his departure, so that he may practice medicine in New
Xetherland, in addition to preaching. Resolved, that we inform
him, when he returns here, in respect to the resolution of several
Synods which oppose this practice; also at the same time to make
this matter known in Classis.

In reference to another request to send a pastor to New Amstel
on the South River, of which mention was made in previous min-
utes. Rev. Mr. Stoot reports that Mr. Van Polsbrock has been
conferred with on this subject, and has replied that the City Coun-
cil has not yet acted in this matter. The reason is that the Hon.
Commissioners appointed for this business were to furnish them
with further advice, which they were expecting on the arrival of
the Governor-General. After recei\'ing said ad\ace they would
act upon it. xxi. 3, 4.

Correspondence from America. Rev. J. T. Polhemus to the

Classis of Amsterdam.

1663, Sept. 11/21.

Reverend, Very Learned and Pious Gentlemen —
Dear Brethren in Jesus Christ: —
With my humble salutations, I licrcwith inform your Rever-
ences of my actual condition, and that by the grace of God, I still
continue in my calling and in my serWces t0/-.he congregation
I / /

534 EccLEsiASTiCAii Records

here, for which the Lord be praised. I wrote last year, that there
is no communication among the churches here, in reference to
ecclesiastical business. As there is yet no improvement in this
respect, I now mention it again, that I may not neglect my duty
therein. You will undoubtedly hear from our colleague, Domine
Gideon Schaats, at Fort Orange, that his oldest daughter, who is
not married, has been brought to bed with a child by a strange
married man, whose legal wife publicly complains of the matter.
Her conduct for some years past has not been above reproach;
but nothing having been said about her, I was silent, for I did not
wish to intermeddle with another man's affairs. I only mention
it to your Reverences now, for I do not think I should remain
strictly silent. As to the congregation I say: Quicquid delirant
reges, plectuntur Achivi (Whenever the Kings are mad, the
Greeks weep). But the good God has assisted us in promoting
the salvation of his people, and has granted us the desired deliver-
ance, for which we give him our best thanks. Herewith I com-
mend you all to his blessing. Given at Midwout in New Nether-
land, on Long Island, the llth of Sept, 1663.

Your Reverences specially obliged,

Johannes T. Polhemus.

Domine Blom's Desceiption of the Church of Kingston.
— Account of the Massacre at the Esopus, 1663.

1663, Sept, 18.
Rererend, Wise Right Learned, and Pious:

The state and condition of my Church, situate in the village of Wiltwyck, in the
Eaopua country, in New Netherland, since my three years residence there is some-
what prosperous, through God's blessing and mercy, as well in members, which
have Increased from sixteen to sixty, as in hearers, and all was well ordered in
Church matters and Consistory, so that everything Is placed on a good footing. I
have also laid a good foundation, both by private and public Instruction of Cate-
chiets, both within and without my house, as also by the explanation of the
Catechism, eo that this newly rising community began to grow and to bloom right
worthily, when a cruel blow overtook it, and the Heathens fell on, and right sorely
treated our Church and Commonality, and under the guise of friendship murdered
and also captured many; they intended to destroy this Church altogether, and to
devour It alive, had not the Lord our God wonderfully protected it, and they fled,
having taken a fright in their heart, when no person drove fhem away. So that
we escaped with the most part of the inhabitants, and have still retained the place.
The Lord only be thanked therefor, not men — for men's help was far from us; for
the soldiers whom we had before were discharged and sent to Holland. There lay
the burnt and elRughtered bodies, together with those wounded by bullets and axes.

OF THE State of New York. 535

The last agonies and the moans and lamentations of many were dreadful to hear.
I have been in their midst, and have gone Into the houses, and along the roads, to
speak a word In season, and that not without danger of being shot by the Indians;
but I went on my mission, and considered not my life mine own. I may say with
Jeremiah, " I am he who hath seen misery In the day of the wrath of the Lord ".

Consider well, worthy colleagues, how manifold Is the suffering and lamentation
amongst us, of our wounded who fled for refuge to my house, and of others who
yielded up the ghost near me.

I encouraged our people as much as possible, out of God's Word, and particularly
In prayer to God who hath rescued us. We must behold God's flock taken away
Into captivity by the Heathen, and Death come In unexpectedly by the windows,
and cut off the children from the highways, and the young men from the streets;
so that I might exclaim — O! my Bowels — my Bowels! I am pained at my very
heart! — and with Jeremiah, O that mine head were water, and mine eyes a fountain
of tears, that I might weep for the slain of my people; for the dead lay as sheaves
behind the mower.

The burnt bodies were most frightful to behold. A woman lay burnt, with her
child at her side, as if she were Just delivered, of which I was a living witness.
Other women lay burnt also in their houses; and one corpse with her fruit still
In her womb, most cruelly murdered In their dwelling with her husband and another
child. The houses were converted Into heaps of stones, so that I might say with
Mlcah, We are made desolate; and with Jeremiah, A piteous wail may go forth In
his distress. But In all this, my request to our Brethren is to remember us and
our suffering Church In their prayers. With Paul I say, Brothers, pray for us.

'TIs then soe that wee see In all this the rod and Him who uses it; and with the
Church of the Lord willingly bear the Lord's anger; for we have sinned against
him, and I exhort my Congregation to patience and endurance; and lately, at our
monthly prayer-meeting, I took my text from Isaiah 42 — Who gave Jacob for a
spoil and Israel to the robbers? etc. v. 24, 25; and such other verses In addition.
I have also every evening during a whole month offered prayers up with the con-
gregation, on the four points of our Fort, under the blue sky. But the Lord
Strengthened me in all this.

We trust and depend further on the help of our God, that he will not altogether
forsake us, but vouchsafe us his mercy In the midst of his Justice, and evince his
power in our weakness; for mountains may depart, and hills fall away, but his
mercy shall not once depart from this feeble and Infant congregation. For we
lean on his mighty arm, and he shall be a wall of Are round about us. and require
and avenge this blood on the heads of these murderous heathens. Already He has
begun to do so. Many heathen have been slain, and full twenty two of our people
in captivity have been delivered out of tholr hands by our nrms. Another expedi-
tion is about to set out. The Lord our God will again bless our arms, and grant
that the Foxes who have endeavoured to lay waste the vineyard of the Lord shall
be destroyed.

The Indians have slain In all twenty four souls In our place, and taken forty five
prisoners, of whom thirteen are still In their power. About the same number of
theirs are In our hands.

The Lord our God will make all turn out to the best for his Church, and for the
peace and qniet of the whole land. The mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ, the love of
God the Father, and the fellowship of the Holy Ghost be and remain with you, my
worthy colleagues forever; and may this Triune God give us all together after this
strife, the crown of Immortal glory; and should we no more behold each other here,
may we see each other hereafter In our Bridegroom's chaiiiher, securely sheltered
behind the blue curtains of the Heavens — In the third Heaven of Abraham's
bosom, where shall be Joy without sorrow, and a never-ending gladness, always
and forever; and receive altogether the hearty greeting of me who am one of the
least of the servants of Christ Jesus In the work of the Lord.

Ilermanus Blom.
the ISth of September 160.3,
In New Amsterdam In New Netherland, Egra mann.— Doc. Hist. N. Y. III. 582. 5S3.

Among the list of killed at Wlltwyck lu Ififvl, Is mentioned " Dominie Laer's
child." He was a Lutheran minister, who seems to have been In this vicinity at

this time.

1668

1663

536 Ecclesiastical. Records

Classis of Amstekdam.

Act3 of the Deputies.

1663, Is^ov. 6tL

Whereas it is understood that the Hon. Council of Amsterdam,
through their Hon. Committee, approve of sending another pastor
to New Amstel on the South River; therefore. Resolved, that we
appoint a committee thereon, to inquire into the truth of the mat-
ter as soon as possible. Subsequently we will take the matter
in hand, or bring it before the Classis. The committee appointed,
consists of Revs. Mensoo and Stoot. xxi. 12.

William Beeckman to Director Stuyvesant; Rev. Abelius
Zetskoorn, Lutheran Minister at New Amstel; Efforts
to Induce Him to Settle at Tinnecongh in the Place of
DoMiNE Laers ; Death of Andries Hudde.

Abelius Zetskoorn has been called by those of the Augsburg Confession, who
belong to the Colony of New Amstel, as I informed your Honorable Worships before
this, with the consent of Director and Council there, subject to the approval of
their very Honorable Worships, the Lords Burgomasters. Since his staying there,
he has been here in the district of the Honorable Company only once (it was last
Whit-monday) and then he preached at Tinnakunck at the request of the Swedish
Commissaries. Afterwards he was offered as high a salary, as Domine Laers
receives; they wanted him especially as schoolmaster, but they of New Amstel
would not let him go. In regard to the information, received by your Honorable
Worships, that he also administers the rite of baptism, this is not true: I shall
expect your Honorable Worships' further orders in this matter.

Altena, November 15, 1663.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xii. 446, 447.

Letter from Director Stuyvesant to the Magistrates at
Wiltwyck: Collections for the Church and for the
Poor; Superintendence of Intestates' Estates.

Honorable, Dear Faithful Friends. — You will learn from the enclosed copy what
we have written to the Reverend Consistory of Wiltwyck and we do not doubt,
that such abuses will be prevented in future. We have also been informed from
that side and we shall learn in due time, whether it is true or not, that you have
arrogated the disposal of what is collected in the community either for the Church
or for the poor. If it is so, then it is our opinion and we command, that the dis-
posal and the distribution of it shall only concern the Consistory and remain until
further order in its hands. Therefore you must in no way presume. But one side
or the other must remain within the boundaries of their respective positions and

OF THE State of New York. 53 Y

confer with each other In love and friendship, which, we hope, will be done. We
commend you to God's grace and protection and remain with cordial greetings,

Houoralile, Dear, Faithful Friends.

Fort Amsterdam

in New Netherland 21st 9ber, 1663.

Postscript.

As we have referred to you, because it was proper for the avoidance of further
diflSculties, and now do it again, that a good and strict attention and care should
be given to the goods and effects left behind by such persons, as should die without
lawful heirs or testamentary disposition, therefore we have also for pregnant rea-
sons resolved, that the money-proceeds from such estates shall be placed In charge
of the overseers of the poor, after the liabilities and assets have been adjusted; so
that the same may be better taken care of, until it is proved who has a right to
the money. Relying hereupon we commend you again to God's protection and
remain with cordial greetings,

Honorable, Dear, Faithful friends.

Actum Amsterdam

in New Netherland, 21st 9ber, 1663.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xlii. 306.

Letter from Stuyvesant to the Consistory at Wiltwyck
They are Not to Interfere in Matters Concerning In-
testate Estates.

Reverend, Pious and Very Discreet Friends. You will see by the enclosed copy,
of what the Magistrates of the village of Wiltwyck have complained to us. It
appears strange to us, that you oppose the magistrates In matters of such a nature,
for upon them fall the duty properly, to appoint administrators and to have the
estates inventoried; the Consistory has no direction in it, much less, should it pro-
nounce any Interdict through the Court messenger against rendering an account to
the Commissaries or the administrators appointed by them for the estate left
behind by this or that person without heirs or testamentary disposition, for they
are bound by their ofQcial duties to take care of the estates through orphan-mas-
ters or curators, that after the liabilities and assets have been adjusted, absent
heirs may obtain their own. In case the overseers of the poor or the Consistory
should have or pretend to have some claim upon an estate for advanced money,
given either for funeral expenses or on interest or as a loan to this or tliat person,
then they could not be their own judges, much less arrogate the estate on their
own authority, but they must proceed according to law and get an order of attach-
ment, when it is required. You are therefore hereby required not to make any
opposition to the Inventory of some Intestate estate, much less to order anybody
through the Court messenger or forbid him, to give a special account or relUpiat
to the Court or the guardians appointed by it, nor to forbid or prevent the pay-
ment of a debt in any other mannei", than by attachment and other such legal pro-
ceedings before the Court. You may appeal In behalf of the deacons or the Church
If you find yourself wronged.

As renewed complaints have been made In this regard by the Magistrates, we
trust that the error committed by you will be promptly corrected and avoided in
future; but we are also informed and shall hear In due time, whether It is true or
not, that the Magistrates tried to arrogate the disposal of what Is collected In the
community for the Churcli or the poor. If It is, as we are Informed, then we are
of opinion and direct, that the disposal and distribution of It properly concerns and
shall remain In the care of the Consistory. We recommend you, the one side and
the other, before closing each to remain within the boundaries of your respective
positions and to continue as well olllclally as privately to live together in mutual
friendship and harmony; we Inform you both hereof In love and friendship and
rely upon its proper observance. We commend you all to God's protection and
remain with greetings,

Honorable, Pious and Very Discreet Friends.

Fort Amsterdam,

21st November 1G63.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiil. 307.

1663

538 Ecclesiastical Records

Answee of Rev. Heemanus Blom to Dieector Stuyvesan^t's
Lettee, Conceening Cleeical Affaies at Wiltwyck.

Very Worshipful, Prudent and Very Discreet Sir. Sir: — Your letter of the 21st
of November has been received by us as well as the enclosed copy, sent by your
Honor. We should have answered the same properly, but cannot do it now on
account of the hurried departure of the yachts and defer it therefore to a better
opportunity. In regard to the estates of deceased persons we have done no more,
than to send our clerk to Cornells Slecht and Juriaeu Westval, that they should not
give up the surplus of the estates into the hands of the Magistrates, before we have
examined whether the overseers of the poor or the village were authorized to receive
It and we maintain that position, until we are better informed; that is the whole
of the matter, while they write so amply about it, that we do it judicially and
trouble ourselves with their business and assume their duties and other things.
Your Honors may see now, what it amounts to; methinks, we are not so wrong in
this matter, if we want to examine the case ourselves and discover who has a
claim to the money, when there are no heirs, for it is our duty to take care of the
poor and we have at present a heavy burden laid upon us; much less we meddle
with matters of this nature in opposition to the civil authorities, to compel the
same to appoint curators of the estate, nor have we ever thought of it, much less
even to forbid them through the Court messenger, while It has only been done by
our clerk, who simply spoke of the aforesaid persons: we leave them to attend to
their duties and have enough to do with ours, but they do not the same, as the fol-
lowing will show.

We also learn from your Honor's letter, that they have made several complaints,
while the Magistrates have not yet heard the Consistory, except Albert Haymensen,
whom they call the Consistory and him they he'ar whimsically at their meeting
instantaneously summoned, while he is only a member of the Consistory, for the
Consistory consists in the country, where the number of elders is only small, of
the preacher, the elders and deacons, according to the order of the Synod of Dort,
as your Honor knows

The Magistrates summoned, as your Honors know, the preacher and I answered,
that they must not let me wait, but they say, the messenger had given as reason,
because it was a day of prayer the next day and I had to preach therefore; then I
had to come immediately with Albert Heymansen, one of the Consistory, so that
the matter was not delayed; we will show your Honor in due time, how they have
treated us in regard to other ecclesiastical matters etc. as well as to the house of

Claesjen Teunis, also how they have compelled us by some documents to

before the church in the afternoon

Hermanns Blom.

Wlltwick, December 3, 1663.

(Parts of this letter are gone.)— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiii. 311.

Lettees feom THE Magisteates at "Wiltwyck to Dieectoe

StUYVESANT on GenEEAL MaTTEES and THE QUAEEEL WITH
THE ChUECH.

Noble, Very Worshipful, Honorable, Wise, Prudent and Very Discreet Gentlemen: —

We trust your Honorable Worships have received our last letter of the 3rd of
December with the journal of daily occurrences. We inform your Honorable Wor-
ships herewith, that since the 3rd of December we have not heard of any hostile
rencontres, we remain in the meantime on our guard and shall continue so. We
send your Honorable Worships some old pieces of property in Reijntje Pieter's
yacht, namely six muskets with five locks and eleven cutlasses and sabers. We
hope to receive from your Honorable Worships the necessary provisions for the
military in the Company's yacht before winter and the heavy frost; most of the
soldiers are ill provided with clothing for expeditions and standing on guard and as

OF THE State of New York. 539

to eatables for their subsistence, tliey cannot very well get them here, because
peas and other victuals cannot be obtained here in Wlltwyck except with great
trouble and at excessive prices. With God's help, our own good information and
other reports, we shall do our best during the winter, to do as much harm to our
enemies, as we can and wherever it might be, with detachments of llfteen. twenty,
twenty five or more men from the military or resident volunteers, whom we think
fit thereto, unless your Honorable Worships should give us other orders. The book
number four kept in Wiltwyck has been closed and only half of It has been copied,
it can therefore not be sent down unless during the winter by a mail from Fort
Orange or next spring. Closing with our salutations we commend your Honor-
able Worships to God's protection and remain.

Your Honorable Worships' faithful and obedient servants.

1663

Wiltwyck, Thomas Chambers.

December 12th 1663.

To the Noble, Honorable, Very Worshipful, Wise. Prudent and Very Descreet
Gentlemen, the Director General and Council of New Netherland at Fort Amster-
dam in New Netherland. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xili. 317.

Noble, Honorable, Very Worshipful, Wise, Prudent, Very Discreet Gentlemen. —
Your Honorable Worships' letter was thankfully received by us on the 26th of
November last past and we have accepted most of its contents with pleasure, but
we are highly astonished that your Honorable Worships as our supreme authority
here in New Netlierland should have taken away the small privileges of this vil-
lage and destroyed the authority of the Commissaries, for we see by your Honor-
able Worships' order, that the surplus resulting from estates left behind by this or
that person shall be placed into the hands of the overseers of the poor, that it
may be better and more safely taken care of by them. The Magistrates of this vil-
lage are therefore much dissatisfied, unless your Honorable Worships had appointed
orphan masters for this place or mistrusting us had required security, as is done in
Court when guardians are appointed. If your Honorable Worships will transfer
not only part, but all the duties and rights of the Commissaries to Doniine Her-
manns Blom and his Consistory Albert Ileymanson, for before or during our time
no deacon has been elected, who could either read or write, except the Domlne
alone, who sides with Albert Heymansen, who has shown himself more than once
as an instigator of quarrels.

Finally the Court of this village Is amazed, that your Honorable Worships have
given us no answer to our request concerning the farming of the beer and wine, as
we are dunned by several parties on account of the arrearage on the Domlne's
house and have no revenues, while the expenses of the village increas dally. Clos-
ing with salutations we commend your Honorable Worships to God's protection
and in the expectation of further orders we remain.

Your Honorable Worships' obedient and faithful.

Roeloff Swartwout
The mark X of Albert Gysberlsen

Ticrck Cla.ssen do Witt

Thomas Chambers
Gysbert van Imborgh.

Actum Wiltwyck,

the 12th December 1663.— Col. Docs. X. Y. sill. 31S.

Petition of the Schout and Magistrati:s of Bergen, that
Engelbert Steeniiuysen Shalt. Perform ITis Contract as
Schoolmaster.

To the Noble, Honorable, Very Worshipful IHrector General and Council nt Fort
Amsterdam in New Netherland. Show humbly the Schout and Commissaries of
the village of Bergen, that, as your Honors undoubtedly know, before the going
out of office and the election of new Commissaries, Michael Jansen Sail has been

1663

540 Ecclesiastical Records

before your Honors and requested that we might have a precentor, who could also
keep school for the instruction and education of our young children and that
your Honors proposing one Bngelbert Steenhuysen as a suitable person the Schout
and Commissaries repeated this proposition more than a year ago to the com-
munity, which resolved to employ him not only as precentor, but also, this was
expressly stipulated, to keep school. The said Steenhiiysen accepted this and has
now served for more than fifteen months, for which he was allowed a salary of
two hundred and fifty guilders in wampum annually and some other emoluments,
besides the school fees, considered proper and fair. Now being the owner of a
house and lot and of a double bouwery in the jurisdiction of the village of Bergen
the said Bngelbert Steenhuysen has upon the complaint of the majority of the
community been directed to maintain a soldier like the other inhabitants; this
has aggrieved the said Bngelbert Steenhuysen so much, that he has resigned his
office, asserting that a schoolmaster should be exempt from all village taxes and
burden, as it is customary, he says, everywhere in Christendom. The Schout and
Commissaries interpret this to be the case, when a precentor has only the school
lot, but not when a schoolmaster owns a lot and a double bouwery; t"he community
is also opposed to his being exempted for his lot and lands, for he receives a salary
as precentor and is bound to serve not only as precentor, but also to select himself
and provide a fit and convenient place to keep school in, which he has failed to do
until this day, pretending the community must designate and provide such a place
fit for a school-house. The petitioners are of opinion, that Bngelbert Steenhuysen
cannot resign his ofSce, without giving a notice of six months of his intention so
to do and therefore the petitioners address themselves to your Honors with the
humble request, to direct the said Bngelbert Steenhuysen that he must continue
his services during the second year now commenced, and to decide whether he is
not bound to maintain on behalf of his lot and land a soldier like the other Inhab-
itants. Awaiting your Honors' decision we remain.

Your Honors' very obedient servants,

Caspar Steinmets,
Tlelman van Vleeck.

December 17th. [1663?]

The Schout, Commissaries and Bngelbert Steenhuysen, mentioned in the forego-
ing petition, having been summoned before the Council and heard, the parties
were made to agree after divers debates and It was arranged, that Bngelbert Steen-
huysen should duly serve the rest of the term according to contract, as mentioned
above.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiii. 318. 319.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Return of Rev, Selyns from iSTew ISTetherland.

1664, Jan. 16th.

The same Brethren, Deputati ad causas Indicas, state that they
were informed by one of the Directors of the West India Com-
pany, that Rev, Henricns Selyns, minister at Breukelen, in ISTew
l^Tetherland, caused his father to notify the Directors, that, inas-
much as the time of four years, during which he had pledged
himself to the service of the church in ISTew !N"etherland, had
expired, he was now minded to return home again. The Assem-
bly was of the opinion that the Rev. Brethren, the Deputies,

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OF THE State of IsTew York. 541

shall inform the father of Rev. Selyns, that he will have to give
the same notice to the Rev. Classis. Thej will also request the
Hon. Directors, to choose and send another minister in his place,
vi. 331; xix. 108.

1604, Jan. 20.
Chamber at Amsterdam to Director and Council of New Netherland.

1664

Domine (Samuel) Megapolensls goes out now by this ship. We have engaged him
as Minister on the same terms and conditions as Domines Blom and Selyns were
formerly accepted, viz., fifty florins a month. We hope he, too, will give satisfac-
tion, and perform good service there, which we shall be glad to hear in due sea-
son.— Col. Docs. N. Y. il. 223.

CouET Minutes of ISTew Amsterdam.
Subscriptions for Defence.

16B4, Feb. 24.

The citizens were called together and were asked how much they would give on
ten per cent interest for the improvement of the defences of the City. We find
the total amount subscril)ed was twenty seven thousand five liundred florins, or
eleven thousand dollars. Among these

Peter Stuyvesant gave, fl. 1000.

Domine Johannes Megapolensls, (JOO.

Domine Samuel Drlslus, 500.

Domine Eagidius Luyck, 200.

Hendrick Kip, Sr. 100.

Isaac de Forest, 250.

Jacob Leisler, 250.

The Deacons of the Church, Etc., etc. 2000.

— Records of New Amsterdam, v. 29-33.

Extract from Patent op Charles II to James, Duke of
York, for the Territory of New Netherland, as Far as
IT Relates to Ecclesiastical Affairs.

(From Learning and Splcer's Ed. of Laws.)

1664, March 12.

Letter-Patent of Charles II to James Duke of York.

And further, that it shall and may be lawful to and for our said

dearest brother, his Heirs and Assigns, by these presents from time to time, to
nominate, make, constitute, ordain and confirm, by such nanio or names, stile or
stiles, as to him or them shall seem good; and likewise to revoke, discharge,
change and alter, as well all and singular Governors, Otllcers, Ministers which here-
after shall be by him or them thought fit and needful to be made or used within
the aforesaid Parts and Islands: And also to make, ordain and establlsli all manner
of Orders, Laws, Directions, Instructions, Forms and Ceremonies of Government
and Magistracy fit and necessary for, and concerning the Government of the Terri-
tories and Islands aforesaid; so always that the same be not contrary to the Laws
and Statutes of this our realm of England, but as near as may be agreeable thereto.
Page 15.

542 Ecclesiastical Records

1664

lew, June 24.

James, Duke of York sells New Jersey to John Lord Berkley and Sir George
Carteret with same conditions.

16&4, March 17.
The children of the Schools to be catechised.

Whereas it ia highly necessary and of great consequence that the youth, from
their childhood, is well instructed in reading, writing and arithmetic, and princi-
pally in the principles and fundaments of the Christian religion, in conformity to
the lesson of that wise King Solomon, ' Learn the youth the first principles, and
as he grows old, he shall then not deviate from it; ' so that in time such men may
arise from it, who may be able to serve their country in Church or in State; which
being seriously considered by the Director General and Council in New Netherland,
as the number of children by God's merciful blessing has considerably increased,
they have deemed necessary, so that such an useful and to our (us) God agreeable
concern may be more effectually promoted, to recommend the present schoolmaster,
and to command him, so as it is done by this, that they (Pietersen, the Principal,
and Van Hoboocken, of the branch school on the Bouwery) on Wednesday, before
the beginning of the sermon, with the children entrusted to their care, shall appear
in the church to examine, after the close of the sermon, each of them his own
scholars, in the presence of the reverend ministers and elders who may there be
present, what they, in the course of the week, do remember of the Christian com-
mands and catechism, and what progress they have made; after which the children
shall be allowed a decent recreation.

Done in Amsterdam, New Netherland, this 17th March, 1664, by the Director
General and Council.— Dunshee, 30.

Another translation in " Laws of New Netherland," 461; and In Am. Ch. Hist.
Series, viii. 52.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Letters from Polhemius.

1664, April Tth.

A certain letter written by Rev. Polhemius of 'New jSTetherland,
was read in the Assembly, mentioning how little correspondence
was held among the (ISTew Netherland) churches; also that the
daughter of Rev. Gideon Schaats, belong unmarried, had come to
childbed by a strange and married man, which man's wife suf-
fered keenly therefrom; but that the affair was now hushed up.
The letter was placed in the hands of the committee ad causas
Indicas, in order to make some further inquiries thereupon, and
to report to the Rev. Classis. vi. 336,

Churches in the West Indies, (Brooklyn.)

1664, April Tth.

The Rev. Deputati ad causas Indicas also reported to the Assem-
bly, how that they had presented themselves before the meeting
of the Hon. Directors of the West India Company, with the

OF THE State of New York. 543

request that the Rev. Classis might be authorized to call another
minister in the place of Rev. Sullyns, at Breukelen in Xew Xether-
land. Their Honors gave for answer, that for the present, there
was no opportunity to do this, on account of some difficulties with
the English. Thev would, nevertheless, remember the matter
favorably. The Rev. Deputati remain further charged therewith,
vi. 337; xix. 111.

Acts of the Deputies.

1664, April 8th.

A letter from Rev. John Polhemus, pastor at Midwout in New
Netherland, dated Sept. 11, 1663, was examined and read, by
order of Classis, and found to contain two points : First, a com-
plaint that no mutual correspondence was carried on among the
churches there; second, a certain sad case of adultry committed
by a married man, with the eldest daughter of Rev. Gideon
Schaats, pastor at Fort Orange.

Resolved, that we confer with some of the Directors of the
West India Company privately, (and request them) to furnish
the Rev. Classis with the information which they have received.
This will be done through Rev. President and clerk.

Since it was resolved on Nov. 6, 1663, to wait upon the lion.
Burgomasters in reference to sending a pastor to the South River,
in New Netherland, the Rev. Classis has therefore, having ob-
tained the consent of the Directors thereto, ordained, and sent,
on Nov. 26, 1663, as pastor for that field, the Rev. Warnerus
Hassinck (Hudson.) xxi. 13.

Correspondence from America.

1664, April 21st.

Rev. J. T. Polhemus to the Classis of Amsterdam. (Hardly

diMMplicralilc.')

Reverend, Very Learned and Piclovcd Brethren in the Lord: —
"With my respectful snbitatioiis, I find myself coinpollod, to
open our wounds before your Reverences, in order, so far as I
am concerned, to promote the desired cure.

1664

544 Ecclesiastical Records

1. There is no comniiinication among us, in reference to the
administration of divine services nor plans provided for propa-
gating the Gospel among the savages and the English. We

receive, indeed, our dues, etc., but in reference to a

teacher, for them, we must bear the expense ourselves, or leave
them uninstructed, and thus thej grow up wild, more and more
ignorant of God. The Quakers also are compelled to go before
the court, and be put under oath; but such compulsion is displeas-
ing to God.

2. As to ourselves, each goes his own way, without any cor-
respondence between us. Those who are outside the church
are hardly noticed, and in consequence of such inattention they
follow any opinions and whims of the community, from which we
obtain our bread with troubles.

3. The defects of the past are severely criticized, the principal

ones are the old servants remain. They card wool,

like those who have to earn their li^^ng by it, and not Avithout
remonstrance over the injustice. They who wield the sceptre

here, do so without let or hindrance, only shorten it,

to the contempt of the divine service and the name of the Lord.
I hope, Reverend Brethren, that this information may be received
in such a way, that I may remain unsuspected and not be troubled
therefor. Thus acting, may God bless us all. Fare ye well in

Christ.

Your Reverences obedient brother,

J. T. Polhemus.
2l8t of April, 1664.
Midwout in New JSTetherland.

The Secret Instructions as to Religion, to Col. R. Nicolls,
Etc., in Reference to New England; and New Nether-
land, IF Conquered.

1661, April 23.
Abstract.

1. The commissioners were to inform themselves of the true state of the colonies
by " insinuating " themselves by " dexterous carriage into the good opinions of the
principal persons there ", that they might " lead " them " to desire to renew their
charters and to make such alterations as will appear necessary for their own bene-

OF THE State or New York. 545

fit ". They were to inform the public that their great object was to conquer Long
Island, that the Dutch may no longer monopolize the whole trade; for this territory
was wrongfully wrested from the English. If the Dutch quietly submit, they shall
have equal rights with British subjects

1664

3. Since it was the purpose of those colonists to possess liberty of conscience;
therefore the commissioners were to be very careful not to say or do anything to
excite suspicion that they intended " to malie any alteration in their Church Gov-
ernment or to introduce any other form of worshlpp among them than what they
have chosen ". The King then refers to an elaborate letter of his on this subject
of June 28th, 1662, of wliich they had a copy, of the contents of which they should
" dextrously take notice and press the execution and observation of the same
according to the charter ". But that they " might not give any umbrage " to the
people, as if they wore enemies of their forms, they must " frequent their churches
and be present at their devotion ", though they were also to have a chaplain of
their own, " orthodox in his judgement and jtractice, who in your own families
will read the Book of Common Prayers and perform your devotions according to
the form established in the Church of England, excepting only In wearing the
surplesse, wliich having never been seen in those countries, may conveniently be
foreborne at this time ".

6. The commissioners were to be wary against any who seemed to side with
them too soon in reference to " the establishing the Booke of Common Prayer and
it may be the Ejiiscopacy itself ". Such might be invited to the devotions of the
commissioners, as led by their chaplain; but '• you shall let them know that you
have no order from us — for many of those overtures may be made known only
for discovering your intentions — to make the least attempt, or to encourage altera-
tion in the way they profess of religion", although It would be (he greatest

blessing, if all were of " one faith and one way of worship with us ". But

■" you should proceed very warily and not enter upon it, till you have made some
progress in your less difficult business; and Indeed you should rather advise those
■who seem to be serious and hearty in that desire that they cause it to lie first

proposed and set on foot in the General Assembly tliat shall be callofl

and promise them your utmost assistance there ". They were not to " appear
solicitous to make any change in the matters of religion or to make any attempt
to bring any change to that people, except botli " (a revenue for the Crown and a
Church I'^stabllshnient) " arise among themselves in the General Assembly, ami
then you shall give such countenance to it as you shall judge necessary for <iur
service ".

[These secret Instructions show the real policy of tlie Govcrnmont on religious
matters In New England; and also In New Netherland as soon as It might be
convenient.]— Col. Docs. X. Y. ill. 57-61.

Letter from Rev. IIehmanus Blo.m; to Director Stuyvesant,
Requesting in the Name of the Consistory', that the 7th
OK June be Annually Observed as a Day <>i- 'I'iiaxksgivino
at tiik Esopus, in Commemoration of the Escape of so
Many Persons from the Indian !Massacre.

To the Noble, Honorable, Director Genornl and the Honorable Council of New
Netherland.

Very Worshipful Gentlemen.— Your Honorable Worships all know, that last year
1663 on the 7th of .Tune the great God has allowed the savages heavily to visit our
neighl)or hamlet and this place, whereby the one was totally ruined and reduced
to ashes and the other partially destroyed, In both i)laces sovernl people were
killed smothered in their blood and wounded, as well as n large number of animals:
many of us have even been captured by the heathens and led away ns prisoners

1664

546 Ecclesiastical Records

and all this was done under the cover of friendship In an Instant and with great
cruelty, bo that it was pitiful and distressing to look at, as we did not know, how
it would go with those of us, who had been spared, for Death had come upon us
and into our houses quickly and unexpectedly to destroy the children In their
cradles, the young men on the streets, the dead bodies of men lay here and there
like dung heaps on the field, and the burnt and roasted corpses like sheaves behind
the mower. We have been living witnesses thereof as well as of tlie distress of
our town and the uncertainty of our escape. The heathens fell then into the
newly settled inheritance of the Lord intending to storm it at once and destroy it,
which would have been done, when they rose so tyrannically against us in their
rage and fury. If the Lord had not still been with us, they would have devoured
us all alive, so that the waters of anxiety rose daily up to our souls, even went
over all our souls, but our souls have escaped, like a bird from the snare of the
bird catcher and in that anxiety the Lord has increased our pleading and lament-
ing, so that we may say, where is there in New Netherland such sorrow as ours,
with which the Lord has visited us, for He it is, who on accoupt of our sins has-
given up Jacob, the plunderer and Israel the robber, because we would not walk
in his ways and not listen to his words, therefore he has emptied upon us the full-
ness of his wrath and the fury of war and he has set all around us a fire, but we
pay no attention to it and he has made us burn, but we do not take It to heart.

But from all these needs and death, through which we have passed, the Lord
alone has now delivered us, and no man has helped, for men's assistance was far

from us, though they got the credit for it and our delivery so that the Lord.

revives the dead again descend and he comes up again, as it has been

proved, for his mercifulness knows no end; he has said, mountains may move, hills-
may fall down, but my mercy shall not be taken from you, yea, a mother may

desert her child and forget it but I shall never desert and forget you, for the

is broken and we have escaped, for as long as the Lord pleases.

So that we cannot sufiQciently praise and thank the good Lord every day of our
lives for the great mercy and benevolence, which he has shown us and for the
delivery from the hands of these heathenish people, for which peace, honor and
thanks are due to him only now and in all eternity, amen.

The Worshipful Consistory of this place requests therefore with due humility
and proper reverence of your Honorable Worships, that for the merciful delivery,
brought about by God's power, the 7th day of June In every year, on whatever
day It may fall, shall be kept as an anniversary and thanksgiving day In our place
and that It be forbidden to do any work on that day, so that we, who have been
spared and are still alive, may praise and thank his divine Majesty for It. We are
sure, that your Honorable Worships will grant us this request, whereupon we rely
and expect a pertinent answer at that time, to notify the community of It. Mean-
while we commend your Honorable Worships to God's gracious protection and
shall not cease to pray God for your Honors' persons and administration. We
wish your Honorable Worships all blessings, good luck, welfare and peace for soul
and body, amen.

Very Worshipful, Wise, Pious and Very Discreet Gentlemen,

Your Honors' Very obedient subjects and servants.

In the name and by order of the Consistory.

Hermanus Blom.

The 6th of May 1664, at Wlltwyck.

To the Wise, Prudent and Very Discreet, their Honors, the Director General and
Council of New Netherland at Fort Amsterdam on the Manhatana. — Col. Docs. N^
Y. xiil. 373, 374,

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies. '

1664, May 12th.

In accordance with the preceding resolution Mr. Wilmerdonck
was conferred with, and it was ascertained that in the letters from

OF THE State of New York. 547

the government in !N^ew Netherland, no mention is made concern-
ing the scandalous adultery committed at Fort Orange.

Resolved, that Avhen we write to Xew iN^etherland, we request
the churches there, to maintain a mutual friendly correspondence,
xxi. 14.

Peoclamatign" for a Day of Thanksgiving on Account of
THE Peace with the Esopus and Circular Gommunicating
IT to the Magistrates Throughout the Country.

As It has pleased the only good God in his especial mercy to deliver all the
Christian prisoners out of the barbarian's hands against all human expectation and
to give and grant us with their release an honest and advantageous peace with the
Esopus savages, it is not only becoming, but also very necessary, that the only good
God be thanked and praised for it not only by the released Christians, but also by
all and everybody who have so long offered to God their prayers for the prisoners.
That this may be done so much better and with so much more unity, the Christian
community is hereby informed, that by order of our high superiors we shall close
the usual monthly days of prayer with a general day of thanksgiving to be held on
the first Wednesday of June, that is the fourth day of that month, when a sermon
will be preached here in the fore and afternoon. Every one prepare his heart to be
truly and sincerely grateful.

Here follows the letter sent to communicate the order for a day of thanksgiving:
Honorable, Dear, Faithful Friends:

This serves only as cover for the enclosed proclamation for a general day of
thanksgiving as well on account of the desired peace as specially for God's signal
mercy, which he has shown us during the war with the Esopus savages in deliver-
ing all the captive Christians out of the hands of the barbarians contrary to ail
human hope and expectation. After perusing the said notification yon will deliver
the same to the Reverend Ministers of God's Word, that it may by them be com-
municated from the altar to the community. Whereupon relying we commend you
to God's gracious protection and remain with cordial greetings.
Your affectionate friends,

The Director General and Council of Now Netherland.

Actum, Fort Amsterdam in New Netherland, 31 of May Anno 1004. — Col. Doca.
N. Y. xiii. 383, 384.

Classis of Amsterdam.
Correspondence from America.

1664, June 0th.
Rev. Henry Selyns to tlie. Classis of Amsterdam.
Very Reverend, Pious and Learned Brethren in Christ : —

With Christian salutations of grace and i>eace, this is to inform
you, that with proper submission, wc take the lil>erty of reporting
to the Very Rev. Classis the condition and welfare of the Church

1664

5 48 Ecclesiastical Eecokds

of Jesus Christ, to which, your Reverences called me, as well as
my request and friendly prayer for an honorable dismission.

As for me, your Rev. Assembly sent me to the congregation
at Breuckelen to preach the Gospel there, and administer the
Sacraments. This we have done to the best of our ability; and
according to the size of the place with a considerable increase of
members. There were only a few members there on my arrival;
but these have with God's help and g-race, increased four fold.

Trusting, that it would not displease your Reverences, and
would also be very profitable to the Church of Christ, we found
it easy to do what might seem troublesome; for we have also
taken charge of the congregation at the General's Bouwery in the
evening, as we have told you before. An exception to this ar-
rangement is made in regard to the administration of the Lord's
Supper. As it is not customary with your Reverences to admin-
ister it in the evening, we thought, after conference with our
Reverend Brethren of the Xew Amsterdam congregation, and
mature deliberation, that it would be more edifying to preach at
the Bouwery, on such occasions, in the morning, and then have
the communion; after the Christian custom of our Fatherland.

As to baptisms, the negroes occasionally request, that we should
baptize their children, but we have refused to do so, partly on
account of their lack of knowledge and of faith, and partly be-
cause of the worldly and perverse aims on the part of said negroes.
They wanted nothing else than to deliver their children from
bodily slavery, without striving for piety and christian virtues.
Is'evertheless when it was seemly to do so, we have, to the best of
our ability, taken much trouble in private and public catechizing.
This has borne but little fruit among the elder people w^ho have
no faculty of comprehension; but there is some hope for the youth
who have improved reasonably well. Xot to administer baptism
among tliem for the reasons given, is also the custom among our
colleagues. (See jMurphy's Anthology, p. 88, 89.) But the most

OF THE State of Xew York. 549

important thmg is, that the Father of Grace and God of Peace
has blessed our two congregations with quietness and harmony,
out of the treasury of his graciousness ; so that we have had no
reason, to complain to the Eev. Classis, which takes such things,
however, in good part; or to trouble you, as we might have antici-
pated.

Meanwhile, the stipulated number of years, pledged to the AVest
India Company, is diminishing; although the obligation we owe
to them who recommended us (viz., the Classis,) naturally con-
tinues. Also, on account of their old age, we would love to see
again our parents, and therefore we desire to return home. On
revohdng the matter in my mind, and not to be lacking in filial
duty, 1 felt it to be proper to refer the subject to God and my
greatly beloved parents who call for me, whether I should remain
or return home at the expiration of my contract.

As w^e understand, they are, next to myself, most anxious for
my return, and have received my discharge from the Hon. Di-
rectors, and have notified the Deputies ad Causae Indicas thereof,
which has pleased us. We trust, that we shall receive also from
your Keverences a favorable reply, relying upon your usual kind-
ness. Yet it is far from us, to seem to pass by your licverences,
and give the least cause for dissatisfaction. I have endeavored
to deserve the favor of the Rev. Classis by the most arduous ser-
vices for the w^elfare of Christ's church, and am always ready to
serve your Reverences.

It is my ]mr])ose when I return home, when my stipulated time
is fulfilled, to give a verbal account of my ministry here, and the
state of the church, that you may be assured that any omissions
in duty have been through ignorance.

Domine Samuel Megapolensis has safely arrived, but Dominc
"Warnerus Iladson, whom you had sent as preacher to the South
River, died on the passage over. It is very necessary to supply
liis place, partly on account of the chililrcn who l;avo r.ot been

1664

550 Ecclesiastical Records

baptized since the death, of Domine Wely, (Welius), and partly
on account of the abominable sentiments of various persons there,
who speak very disrespectfully of the Holy Scriptures.

In addition there is among the Swedes a certain Lutheran
preacher, (Lokenius) who does not lead a christian life. There
is also another person, who has exchanged the Lutheran pulpit
for a schoolmaster's place. This undoubtedly has done great
damage among the sheep, who have so long wandered about with-
out a shepherd except the forementioned pastor, who leads such
an unchristian life. God grant, that no damage be done to
Christ's church, and that your Reverences may provide a blessed
instrument for good.

In view of the deplorable condition of New ISTetherland, for the
savages have killed, wounded and captured some of our people,
and have burnt several houses at the Esopus; and the English,
with flying banners, have declared our village and the whole of
Long Island to belong to the King : therefore the first "Wednesday
of each month since last July has been observed as a day of fast-
ing and prayer, in order to ask God for his fatherly compassion
and pity. The good God, praise be to him, has brought about
everything for the best, by the arrival of the last ships. The Eng-
lish are quiet, the savages peaceful; our lamentations have been
turned into songs of praise, and the monthly day of fasting into
a day of thanksgiving. Thus we spent last Wednesday, the last of
the days of prayer. Blessed be God who causes wars to cease to
the ends of the earth, and breaks the bow and spear asunder.
Herewith, Very Reverend, Pious and Learned Brethren in Christ,
be commended to God for the perfecting of the saints and the
edification of the body of Christ. Vale.

Your Reverences humble servant in
Breuckelen, in Christ Jesus,

"New iSTetherland, Henricus Selyns.

June 9, 1664. — Extracts from this letter in

Col. Docs. X. L. xiii. 384.

OF THE State of T^ew York. 551

Acts of the Deputies.

1664, June 23rd.

A letter was read from John Polhemus, pastor at Midwout, in
Kew ITetherland, dated April 22, 1664. Therein his Eev. com-
plains, as in his preceding letter of Sept. 21, 1663, that no corre-
spondence is maintained among the churches; that ecclesiastical
discipline is not practiced, by the punishment of the offenders ; and
that no means are instituted for the promotion of religion among
the savages and the English, although authority therefor has been
received, xxi. 15. — Extract in Col. Docs. IT. Y. xiii. 384.

Petition of the Reverend Henry Selyns for His Dismissal
FROM the Churches at Brooklyn and the Bouwery.

To tte Noble, Very Worshipful Director General and Council of New Netherland.

Gentlemen: Your Honors' petitioner and subject respectfully submits, that with
the special help and blessing of God he has served his churches in the settlement
near the Director General's Bouwery and at Breuckelen and that he has now asl£od
for his dismissal by the Company, the term of years, for which he had engaged
himself, being about to expire. The dismissal was granted in consideration of the
expiration of his time and of the great age of your petitioner's father, who obtained
the discharge with the assistance of the Reverend Domine Jacobus Trighindlus,
Pastor at Amsterdam, and wrote concerning it to the General.

He requests, that your Honors will consent to his dismissal and considering the
ships are now ready to sail, allow him to depart in the " Bever ", in which ke
came. He has no doubt, that when Domine Samuel Megapolensis, Pastor and
Medlclnae Doctor arrives, your Honors will have a good opportunity to fill your
petitioner's place, and that your Honors will give the petitioner a favorable reply.

Your Honors' humble servant,
Amsterdam In New Netherland Hendericltus Selyne.

the 17th of July, 1664.

After a vote had been taken, it was answered: Fiat qd. petitur. Done at Fort
Amsterdam in New Netherland, the 17th of July 16(M.— Coi. Docs. N. Y. liv.
550, 551.

Extract of a Letter from the Director-Gener^vl and Coun-
cil OF Kew Netherland to the Directors of the West
India Company, Chamber at Amsterdam, Dated the 4Tn of
August, 1664; on File in the West India Company's Of-
fice, Cahier, No. 12.

1004, Aug. 4.
In regard to your Honors' despatch And your Improsslons created by the advices
which you have received from Old England: That I':ii;;land'8 Majesty being dis-
posed to reduce all his Kingdoms under one form of Government in Church and
State, and that some Counnlssloners (and, as it leaked out liiTe. two and three
frigates, sufficiently provided with anuniuiltldU and military) were ready In England

1664

552 Ecclesiastical Records

to iiioceed to New England and to Install bishops there, the same as in Old England;
ami your Honors' further opinion and advice, for our interest and encouragement,
and that of your inhabitants, we shall not at present discuss, much less contradict;
but rather wish and hope, if it promote the advantage of God's Church as it ap-
parently may ours, that it may turn out according to your Honors' anticipation
and meaning. Meanwhile we cannot omit communicating to your Honors, and
respectfully submitting what we have, on the contrary, been informed, and are still
daily warned of, both verbally and in writing, on this point; partly to be deduced
from the accompanying Declaration, No. 14. and more fully to be perceived by
your Honors from the verbal information of the skippers and passengers returning
home, to wit, that the design of those Commissioners, frigates and warlike force is
directed rather against Long Island and these your Honors' possessions, than to the
imagined reform of New England. The probability is presumed and inferred, from
various circumstances; among others from the patent granted last year to Rhode
Island, whereby England's Majesty grants freedom of conscience, in Spiritual mat-
ters, to every one; yea, even to the Quakers and Anna-Baptists, who are the most
numerous and principal there. Secondly, we have heretofore communicated to your
Honors what is now confirmed do novo, that Long Island and all the adjacent
islands, Rhode Island excepted, are conveyed by patent to the Duke of York, and,
therefore, are the frigates provided with so many people and so much ammunition.
And although the issue and result are in the hands of time, these and similar re-
ports not only continuing but being so repeatedly confirmed by every letter and
passenger from England, make us very circumspect, anxious and guarded to keep
the intrusted military together as much as possible; to increase the height of our
fort, and to furnish it all around with gabions, and to provide for all possible
resistance, respecting which the slightest anxiety does not exist. — Col. Docs. N. Y.
ii. 595.

[See another translation, following.]

Extract from a Letter of Stuyvesant to the Directors.
His Fears of English Fleet. French Refugees.

(August 4th, 1664.)

We shall not discuss now, much less say anything against the following parts of
your letter and the impressions, which you have received from your advices from
Old England; that the King would like to bring all his dominions under one form
of government in political, as well as in ecclesiastical matters; that therefore some
Commissioners (with two or three well armed and well manned frigates with
soldiers aboard, they say here,) are ready in England, to proceed to New England
and introduce there Bishops, as in Old England. Nor shall we speak of what you
say and advise for our and the inhabitants welfare and encouragement: but we
wish and hope that it will come to pass, as you suppose, if it will be for the best
of God's Church and ourselves. Meanwhile we cannot omit to communicate and
respectfully submit to you the contradicting verbal and written reports about this
matter, by which we are dail.v warned and informed, for which we refer to-
enclosure No. 14 and to the verbal relations of passengers and skippers, coming
from here, to wit: that the real design of these Commissioners with their frigatea
and soldiers is rather upon Long Island and your other possessions here, than an
imaginary relief of New England. Several circumstances make us believe, that the
former is the more probable, among others the patent granted to Rhode Island last
year, in which the King gives liberty of conscience and religious service to every-
body, even to Quakers and Anabaptists, who are there the most numerous and
influential.

OF THE State of New York. 553

We received among other papers and enclosures by the last ships also an extract
from your resolutions, dated January 24th and a letter to the Director General re-
ferring to it, in which you seriously recommend us to treat with kindness the
French families, which were to arrive here from Rochelle and from St. Martin, to
allot to them good parcels of land and assist them In every way. Your faithful
servants shall not fall to obey your directions: we shall promote this work, so
highly recommended by you, by all possible means and at)ove all others, as far as
■our responsibility to you permits; j?ou and the coming emigrants may be sure of it.
Seven or eight persons of that nationality came over for that purpose by the last
ship, the " Eendracht ", to view the land. As far as the shortness of their stay
here allowed, they have done it and being most pleased with Staten Island some of
them, among them one Jean Collyn, addressed themselves to us and he said, for the
better promotion and speedier execution of the plan they had resolved that he
should return in person by one of the ships and report to the others: He therefore
requested our recommendations to you, that you would favor them with as favorable
couditions and as much assistance, as possible and fair; especially that you would
please to allow your answer to a petition, made to you on the 14th of April 1661,
take effect, so that they could be provided with a good French preacher, which
would help to promote the undertaking. They informed us, that the preacher at St.
Martin was willing and could easily be persuaded to come here. If your Uonors or
perhaps we ourselves were to encourage him by a letter. In their name we request
you to write such a letter and to save you and us the trouble of repetition we have
given them a copy of this recommendation, not doubting, that for the best of the
country you will favor them with whatever your wisdom deems advisable. — Col.
Docs. N. Y. xiv. .">ol, 553, 554, 555.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.
Letters from Rev. IleiiricHS Sclyiis of New XetlierlaiiJ.

lG6-i, Aug. ^tb.

A certain letter was read from ireiiricus Sullyns, written in
Isew Xetherlaiitl June Utli, of tliis year IGO-i, to this Rev. As-
sembly. It made known the good condition and gi'owth of the
Church of Jesus Christ at Breuckelen and the neighboriug i)laces.
It also apologized for making request for his dismission, etc. It
mentioned further the creeping in of the Lutherans on the South
Iviver, althniigli with little success, (fruit.) <>n account ol' llie un-
edifying conduct of their nunisters; as also of Ihi' (U-ath of Kev.
Warnerus llassingh (ITadson), who died on the voyage, and in
whose place another should be sent at the earliest opportunity,
so that the church should suffer no injury, etc. This letter was
placed in the liands of ihc Deputies ad causas ^I:iritiiiias. to make
an abstract of the main ])oints cd' the same, and to exliibit it to the
Directors, all of which is to be done as soon as possible, vi. ;)-JrS;
xix. 113.

1664

554 Ecclesiastical Records

Letters from Rev. Polhemius.

1664, Aug. 4th.

A letter was read from Rev. Polhemius, written April 21st,
1664, to this Assembly. The same ivas placed in the hands of the
Deputies ad causas Maritimas, in order, if necessary, to make
an abstract thereof, vi. 349; xix. 113.

Correspondence from America.

1664, Aug. 5/14.
Rev. Samuel Drisius to the Classis of Amsterdam.
The Peace of Christ.
Reverend, Learned and Beloved Brethren in Christ Jesus : —

I find a letter from the Rev. Classis, which I have not yet
answered; and a good opportunity now offering itself by the de-
parture of our colleague, Domine Henricus Selyns, I cannot omit
to write a letter to your Reverences. We could have wished, that
Domine Selyns had longer continued with us, both on account of
his diKgence and success in preaching and catechizing, and of
his humble and edifying life. By this he has attracted a great
many people, and even some of the negroes, so that many are
sorry for his departure. But considering the fact that he owes
filial obedience to his aged parents, it is God's will that he should
leave us. We must be resigned, therefore, while we commit him
to God and the word of his gTace.

Concerning the places in which he has preached, especially the
village called Breuckelen, and the Bouwerie, nothing has been
decided yet; but I think, that the son of Domine (John) Mega-
polensis (Samuel) who has recently come over, will take charge
of them, as he has not been sent by the Directors to any particu-
lar place.

The French on Staten Island would also like to have a preacher,
but as they number only a few families, are very poor, and

OF THE State of 'N'ew York. 555

cannot contribute much to a preacher's salary; and as our sup-
port here is slow and small, there is not much hope, that they
mil receive the light. In the meantime, that they may not be
wholly destitute, Director Stuy vesant has, at their request, allowed
me to go over there every two months, to preach and administer
the Lord's Supper. This I have now done for about a year. In
the mnter this is very difficult, for it is a long stretch of water,
and it is sometimes windy, with a heavy sea. We have, accord-
ing to the decision of the Classis, admitted the Mennonist, who is
quite unknown to us, to the communion, without rebaptism; but
last week he and his wife removed to Curacoa in the West Indies,
to live there. The preacher, sent to ISTew Amstel on the South
River, died on the way, as we are told. Ziperius left for Virginia
long ago. He behaved most shamefully here, drinking, cheating
and forging other people's writings, so that he was forbidden not
only to preach, but even to keep school. Closing herewith I com-
mend the Eev. Brethren to God's protection and blessing in their
work. This is the prayer of

Your Reverences dutiful friend in Christ,
New Amsterdam, Samuel Drisius.

August 5, Anno 1664.

— Extract, in Col. Docs. N. Y. xiii. 391.

[Michael Zyperus and vnie came from Curacoa in Sept. 1659,
hoping to receive a call in New Netherland. He had good testi-
monials. He was succeeded in Curacoa by Adrian Beaumont.]

Remonstrance of the People of New Netherland to the
Director-General, and Council.

1664, Sept. f>.

Right Iloiiorablo. Wc, your sorrowful coinnioiinlty niid Hulijpcts, bpR to represent,
with all humility, that having, beforehand, for our own vindication before God and
man, In these sad and difficult circumstances, maturely considered and deliberately
weighed what Is necessary to be done and concluded at this critical and urgent con-
juncture, we cannot conscientiously foresee that anything else Is to be expected for
this fort and city of Manhattans (as your Honors must be convinced), than misery,
sorrow, conflagration, the dishonor of women, murder of children In their cradles,
and, In a word, the iibsolute ruin and destruction of about llftceii Imndrcd Innocent

1664

556

Ecclesiastical Recoeds

souls, only two hundred and fifty of whom are capable of bearing arms, unless you
be pleased to adjust matters according to the conjuncture of the time.

Your Honors are, in the first place, better aware than we, that four of the English
King's frigates are now lying in the road at Nyack, with six hundred soldiers, not
only ordered hither by his Majesty, but bearing also commissions to all the Gover-
nors of New England (a populous and thickly inhabited country), to impress troops,
in addition to the forces already on board, for the purpose of reducing New Nether-
land to his Majesty's obedience. In compliance with that commission, the English
General hath sent divers letters to your Honors, summoning this city and Fort
Manhattans, promising, in case we voluntarily submit, that we shall not experience
the least loss or damage, but, on the contrary, should we prove obstinate and head-
strong, we must expect the aforesaid miseries and misfortunes.

These threats would not have been at all regarded, could your Honors or we.
your petitioners, expect the smallest aid or succor. But (God help us!) whether we
turn us for assistance to the north or to the south, to the east or to the west, 'tis
all In vain! On all sides are we encompassed and hemmed in by our enemies. If,
on the other hand, we examine our internal strength, alas! it is so feeble and im-
potent that, unless we ascribe the circumstances to the mercy of God, we cannot
sutBciently express our astonishment that the foe should have granted us so long a
reprieve, inasmuch as he could have delivered us a prey and plunder to the soldiery
after one summons.

We shall now examine your Honors' fortress. You know, in your own consciences,
that it is incapable of making head three days against so powerful an enemy.'
Granting, even that it could hold out and contend against its assailants one, two,
three, four, five or six months (which to our sorrow, it cannot,) it is still undeni-
able that it cannot save the smallest portion of our entire city, our property and
(what is dearer to us), our wives and children, from total ruin, for, after consider-
able bloodshed, even the fort itself could not be preserved. Wherefore, to prevent
and arrest all the aforesaid misfortunes, we humbly, and in bitterness of heart.
Implore your Honors not to reject the conditions of so generous a foe, but to be
pleased to meet him in the speediest, best and most reputable manner. Otherwise
(which God forbid), are we obliged, before God and the world, to protest against
and call down on your Honors the vengeance of Heaven for all the innocent blood
which shall be shed in consequence of your Honors' obstinacy, inasmuch as the
Commissioners have to-day informed us, that the aforesaid English General has
stated and threatened that he shall not wait longer than this day.

We trust your Honors will not question that to God, who seeks not the death of
a sinner belongs obedience, rather than to man. We feel certain, therefore, that
your Honors will exhibit yourselves, in this pressing exigency and sorrowful season,
as men and Christians, and conclude, with God's help, an honorable and reasonable
capitulation which, may the Lord our God, in His great mercy, be pleased to grant
us. Amen.

Hendrick Kip
Balthazar Stuyvesant
Abram Wilmerdoncx
Martin Kregier, Jr.
Timotheus Gabrie
Stephanus van Cortlant
Cornelius Pluviers
Hendrick Bosch
Hend. Janss. van der Vin
Jeronimus Ebbingh
Isaack de Foreest
Arent Jauss. Moesman
Symon Janss. Romeyn
Willem Kaasenburgh
Tomes Davidts

Jan Janss. Preste, his mark
Johannes de Peyster
Oloflf Stevens: van Cortlant
Lodewyck Pos
Govert Loockermans
Conraet ten Eyck
Cornells Clopper
Anthony de Mill
Hendrick van de Water
Gerrit Jansz
Jan Hendrickss
Hendrick Hendrickss
Diouys Isaacqs
Jan Brouwer
Arent Isaacqs

OF TUE State of ]^ew York.

1664

Reynout Reynoutss, his mark

Balthasaer de Haert

Evert Duyckingh

Boele Roeloffs

X. Varleth

Johannes van Brugh

P. L. van de Grift

Cornells Steenwyck

Jaoob Backer

Pleter Tonneman

Isaack Grevenraat

Nicolas Demeyer

AUard Autoni

Jacob Kip

Cousseau

Hendrick Obe

Tomas Hal

Jochim Beeckman, his mark

Jurian Blanck

Luycas Dircks

Cornelis Janss

Tousein Bryel, his mark

Jan Cornelis van Hooren

Jacob Leyseler

Claes Janss: Backer /

Guilliam D'Honeur

Isaacq Coustrier

Isaacq Kip

Frederick Geysbertse

Egbert Meynderts

Baront Kours

I'aul Richard

Jacob Teunlsse

Allard Koninck

Andries Rees

Jan Vinge

Pieter Stontenburgh •

Hendrick van nyck

Nicolas De la Plalne

Cornells Gerloffs

Warnaer Wessels

Hennen Wessels

Alexander Hulter

Tomas Lamberts

Frerick Arents

Abram Klock

Isaacq Bedloo

Pieter Winster

Jan Gerrits van Buytenhuyse

Jonas Bartels

Meyndert Barents, his mark.

Jan Dircks Meyer

Daniel Vcrveele

Jacob Leunens

Johannes Nevlus

Jacob van Kouwenhoven

Hans Kierstede

Jacob Hugens

Ambrosous de Weerhem, his mark

Lambert Huyberts Mol

Abram Verplanck

Jan Jans van Slnt Obljn, his mark

Abel Ilardenbroeck

Sept. 5, 1664.— Col. Docs. N. Y. ii. 248, 249, 2.jO. See also O'Callaghan 11. 527-9.

Articles of Capitulation on the Reduction of New Xether-

LAND.

These Articles following were consented to by the persons hereunder subscribed at
the Governor's Bowry August 27th, Old Style, 1G64.

1.
We consent that the States-General or West India Company shall freely enjoy all
farms and houses (except such as are in the forts), and that within six months they
shall have free liberty to transport all such arms and annniinitlon as now do belong
to them, or else they shall be paid for them.

All public houses shall continue for the uses wlib'ti they are now for. IThis
included the Church in the Fort.]

.'V

All people shall still continue free denizens nml enjoy their lands, houses, goods,
shipps, wheresoever they are within this country, and dispose of them as they

please.

4.
If any inhabitant have a mind to remove himself he shall have a year and six*
weeks from this day to remove himself, wile, clilldr.ii, servants, goods, and to dis-
pose of his lands here.

1664

558 Ecclesiastical Records

If any oflScer of State, have a mind to go for England, they shall be transported,
freight free, In his Majesty's frigates, when these frigates shall return thither.

It is consented to, that any people may freely come from the Netherlands and
plant in this country, and that Dutch vessels may freely come hither, and any of
the Dutch may freely return home, or send any sort of merchandise home in vessels
of their own country.

All ships from the Netherlands, or any other place, and goods therein, shall be
received here and sent hence after the manner which formerly they were before our
coming hither for six months next ensuing.

8.
The Dutch here shall enjoy the liberty of their consciences in Divine Worship and
church discipline.

9.
No Dutchman here, or Dutch ship here, shall, upon any occasion, be prest to serve
In war, against any nation whatever.

10.
That the townsmen of the Manhatoes shall not have any soldier quartered upon
them without being satisfied and paid for them by their officers, and that at this
present, if the fort be not capable of lodging all the soldiers, then the Burgomaster,
by his officers, shall appoint some houses capable to receive them.

11-
The Dutch here shall enjoy their own customs concerning their inheritances.

12.
All publique writings and records which concern the Inheritances of any people,
or the regelment of the church — or poor, or orphans, shall be carefully Icept by
those in whose hands they are, and such writings as particularly concern the
States-General, may, at any time, be sent to them.

13.
No judgment that hath passed any judicature here shall be called in question, but
if any conceive that he hath not had justice done him. If he apply himself to the
States-General the other party shall be bound to answer for ye supposed injury.

14.

If any Dutch living here shall, at any time, desire to travel or traffic into England,

or any place or plantation in obedience to his Maiesty of England, or with the-

Indians, he shall have (upon his request to the Governor) a certificate that he is a

free denizen of this place, and liberty to do so.

15.
If it do appear that there is a public engagement of debt by the town of the
Manhatoes, and a way agreed on for the satisfying of that engagement, it is agreed
that the same way proposed shall go on, and that the engagement shall be satisfied.

16.
All inferior civil officers and magistrates shall continue as now they are (if they
please), till the customary time of new election, and then new ones to be chosen,
by themselves, provided that such new chosen magistrates shall take the oath of
allegiance to his Majesty of England before they enter upon their office.

17.

All differences of contracts and bargains made before this day by any in this,
country, shall be determined according to the manner of the Dutch.

18.
If it does appear that the West India Company of Amsterdam do really owe any
sums of money to any persons here, it is agreed that recognition and other duties
payable by ships going to the Netherlands be continued for six months longer.

OF THE State of Xew York.

19.

559

1664

The officers, military and soldiers, shall march out, with their arms, drums beat-
ing and colors flying, and lighted matches, and If any of them will plant they shall
have fifty acres of land set out for them, if any of them will serve any as servanta,
they shall continue with all safety, and become free denizens afterwards.

20.
If at any time hereafter the King of Great Britain and the States of the Nether-
land, do agree that this place and country be redelivered into fhe hands of tfie said
States whensoever his Majesty will send his commands to re-deliver It, ft shall

Immediately be done.

21.

That the town of Manhattans shall choose Deputies, and those Deputies shall

have free voices In all public affairs, as much as any other Deputies.

22.

Those who have any property in any houses in the fort of Orange, shall (if they

please) slight the fortifications there, and then enjoy all their houses, as all people

do where there is no fort.

23.

If there be any soldiers that will go into Holland, and If the Company of Wett
India, in Amsterdam, or any private persons here will transport them Into Holland,
then they shall have a safe passport from Colonel Richard Nicolls, Deputy Governor
under his Royal Highness and the other Commissioners, to defend the ships that
they shall transport such soldiers, and all the goods In them from any surprlsal of
acts of hostility to be done by any of his Majesty's ships or subjects.

That the copies of the King's grant to his Royal Highness and the copy of bis
Royal Highness' commission to Colonel Richard Nicolls, testified by two Commis-
sioners more, and Mr. Winthrop to be true copies, shall be delivered to the Honor-
able Mr. Stuyvesant, the present Governor, on Monday next by eight of the clock
in the morning, at the Old mill.

On these articles being consented to and signed by Col. Richard Nicolls, Deputy
Governor to his Royal Highness, within two hours after, the fort and town called
Amsterdam, upon the Isle of Manhatoes. shall be delivered into the hands of the
said Colonel Richard Nicolls by the service of such as shall be by him deputed by
his hand and seal.

John de Decker
Nich. Verleet
Sam. Megapolensis
Cornelius Steenwlck
OlofCe Stevensen Kortlaut
Jaams Cousseau

Robert Carr
Geo. Cartwright
John "Winthrop
Sam. Willys
Thomas Clarke
Jolin I'Incheou.
— Col. Docs. N. Y. II. 250, 2ol. 252, 253.

English Policy in the Capture of New Netherland.

KWM.

Charles II, on hla accession, committed the whole care and management of
North American affairs to his brother James, then Duke of York. This was a wise
.step, as James was well acquainted with them. I^nglniid was secure In her pos-
sessions in Virginia, Maryland and New Kuglnnd. the latter then Including the
onst end of Long Island. To the north lay Acndla niu\ Canada, occupied by the
I'^rench. Kufjlisli possessions were constantly nuMiacod by the French on the sea-
coast, along the lakes and rivers and from the forest-lllled l"udlans. It was
important to England to unite her southern and northern colonies, by conquering
tlie Dutch. Tlu' Duke knew the present and prospective value of New Netherland.
lis possession was a strategical necesslt.v. France might seize It. The question
was whether France or England should own the Hudson and Its noble bay. Coiild

1634

560 Ecclesiastical Ilecords

England afford to have her colonies divided by her most powerful enemy, with
the Iroquois at their back. The circumstances were important to England, and
Duke James understood the situation and was bold enough to act promptly.

The subsequent base conduct of James as King, has led the writers not to appre-
ciate the sagacity of James. Did he appreciate all this, or was it only to gratify
an ephemeral ambition?

The first steps of James were wary and cautious. His patent from Charles II.,
invested him, his heirs and assigns with " full and absolute power and authoritj^
to correct, punish, pardon, govern and rule all such subjects of us, Our Heirs and
Successors, who may from time to time adventure themselves into any of the parts-
or places aforesaid, or that shall or do at any time hereafter inhabit within the
same, according to such Laws, Orders, Ordinances, Directions and Instruments as-
by our said Dearest Brother or his assigns shall be established ".

See Patent in Brodhead, ii. 651; also In Col. Docs. N. J. Series 1. Vol. 1. 3. Com-
pare Dix, 1. 37, 38.

The Dutch Rule.

I 1614-1664.

The Dutch were the rulers of Manhattan for half a century, 1614-64. The impress
of their rule is yet evident, and will never cease. Just as the Dutch exerted an
influence which will never cease upon English civilization; so New York will never
lose the influence of Dutch jurisprudence and religion upon her destinies. The
fascinating story of New Amsterdam and Fort Orange will continue to be rewrit-
ten for generations to come. Whatever England's pretensions to the territory, the
Dutch actually discovered it and settled it, and were finally cheated out of it.
That the territory had been covered by general English charters amounted to
nothing without actual occupation by the English. Yet it was, no doubt, inevi-
table, that with the decline of the West India Company, New Netherland should
be lost to the Dutch. But the Dutch contributed not a small quota of principles-
which led on to American independence. — Compare Dlx, Hist. Trinity Ch. i. 20-26-

Classis of Amsterdam.
Correspondence from America.

1664, Sept. 15th.
The Eev. Samuel Drisius to the Classis of Amsterdam.

To the Eeverend, Learned and Pious Brethren of the Rev. Classis-
of Amsterdam : —
I cannot refrain from informing you of our present situation,,
namely, that we have been brought under the government of the
King of England. On the 26th of August there arrived in the
Bay of the Xorth Eiver, near Staten Island, four great men-of-
war, or frigates, well maimed ynih sailors and soldiers. They
were provided with a patent or commission from the King of
Great Britain to demand and take possession of this province, in
the name of his majesty. If this could not be done in an amicable-
way, they were to attack the place, and everything was to be-

OF THE State of New York. 5G1

1664

tllro^^^l open for the English soldiers to plunder, rob and pillage.

We were not a little troubled by the arrival of these frigates.

Our Director-General and Council, with the municipal authori-
ties of the city, took the matter much to heart and zealously
sought, by messages between them and General Richard Nicolls,
to delay the decision. They asked that the whole business should
be referred to his Majesty of England, and the Lords, the States
General of Holland; but every effort was fruitless. They landed
their soldiers about two (Dutch) miles from here, (six English
uiiles,) at Gravezandt, (Gravesend) and marched them over Long
Island to the Ferry opposite this place. The frigates came up
under full sail on the 4th of September with guns trained to one
side. They had orders, and intended, if any resistance was shown
to them, to give a full broadside on this open place, then take it
by assault, and make it a scene of pillage and bloodshed.

Our Hon. rulers of the (West India) Company, and the mu-
nicipal authorities of the city, were inclined to defend the place,
but found that it was impossible, for th© city was not in a de-
fensible condition. And even if fortified, it could not have been
defended, because every man posted on the circuit of it would
have been four rods distant from his neighbor. Besides the store
of powder in the fort, as well as in the city, was small. Xo relief
or assistance could be expected, while daily great numbers on
foot and on "horseback, from New England, joined the English,
hotly bent upon plundering the place. Savages and privateers also
offered their services against us. Six hundred Northern Indians
with one hundred and fifty French piivatcers, had even an Eng-
lish commission. Therefore upon the earnest request of our citi-
zens and other inhabitants, our authorities found tliemselves com-
pelled to come to terms, for the sake of avoiding bloodshed and
pillage. The negotiations were conchided on the (ith of Septem-
ber. The English moved in on tli(> Sth, according to agreement.

After the surrender of the i)lace several Englishmen, who had
36

1664

562 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

lived here a long time and were our friends, came to us, and said
that God had signally overruled matters, that the affair had been
arranged by negotiations; else nothing but pillage, bloodshed and
general ruin would have followed. This was comfirmed by several
soldiers who said that they had come here from England hoping
for booty; but that now, since the matter turned out so differently,
they desired to return to England.

The Articles of Surrender stipulate, that our religious services
and doctrines, together with the preachers shall remain and con-
tinue unchanged. Therefore we could not separate ourselves
from our congregation and hearers, but consider it our duty to
remain with them' for some time yet, that they may not scatter
and run wild.

The Hon. Company still owes me a considerable sum, which
I hope and wish they would pay. Closing herewith I recommend
} our Honor's persons and work to God's blessing and remain.

Your willing colleague,
Manhattan, Sept. 15, 1664. Samuel Drisius

Another translation in CoL Docs. N. Y. xiii. 393-4.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Henricus Sellyns.

1664, Sept. 29th.

Rev. Henricus Sellyns, late minister at Breuckelyn in !N'ew
ISTetherland, appeared before this Assembly. He told of the good
increase and peaceful condition of the Church of Jesus Christ in
that land, and how he had conducted himself in the service there.
He also handed in testimonials, both ecclesiastical and civil. He
further requested that he might be received by this Classis and
recommended for service in the Church of Jesus Christ here. The
Rev. Classis took very great satisfaction in everything he said,
and received him into their special favor, (into particular recom-
mendation.) They thanked him for his faithful and excellent
services, vi. 354.

OF THE State of New York. 563

Articles of Agreement Made With Deputies from Albany
After the Reduction of the Province.

October 10, 1664.

1664

3. That the InhabitaDts of Albany shall enjoy the benefltt of all the Articles of
Surrender made at New Yorke. i

5. That the salary to the Preacher, Clarke, Secretary and Boade* shall be con-
tinued and paid as formerly till further order. — CoL Docs. N. Y. xlv. 559.

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.

Salary of Evert Pletersen, schoolmaster.

16C4, October 11.

Mr. Evert Pletersen, Schoolmaster of this City, represents, as his allowance from
the Company is struck oflf, that Burgomasters and Schepens shall be pleased to
keep him at the same allowance; to wit, thirty six florins per month, one liuudred
anrd twenty five florins for board, Holland currency, free house for school and
residence and free passage to Patria; offering his service and to continue the same.
Apostille: Petitioner shall have to be patient for the space of eight days, when
his petition shall be disposed of. — Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. 5. p. 137.

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.

The Dutch refuse to swear allegiance to Great Britain except " Conformably to
Articles of Surrender."

1664, Oct. 14-20.

Friday, 14th October 1664 at one o'dm-k in the Afternoon having been sent for,
appeared at this City Hall Pletor Tonneman, Paulus Leendcrzen vander Grift, Cor-
nelis Steenwyck, Tymotheus Gabry, Isaack Grevenraat, Nlcolaas de Meyer, .Mlard
Anthony, Joannes de Pelster, Jacob Kip, Jacques Cousseau, Isaack de Foreest,
Jeroulmus Ebblnck.

Burgomasters reported. Governor Richard Nicolls had the evening previous
Informed them, that he should appear In person to administer the oath and with
that view Burgomasters should summon to this City Hail tlio Magistracy of this
City and some of the principal inlialiitnnts. After which Governor Mcoils appeared
in person with his Secretary at this City Hall, enquiring where I'etrus Stuyvesant,
Secretary van Uuyven and the preachers were? It was thereunto answered. It
was not known that they should t)e sent for. To which tlie Governor N'icoUs said,
that they should bo sent for. Who l)elng Invited they inimedlately came.

The Governor Nicolls requests of the present asseniMy to take the following
oath: —

I swear by the name of Almighty God that I will be a true subject to the King
of Great Britain and will obey ail such commands as I shall receive from lils
Majesty, his Boyal HIghnesse James Duke of York and such Governours, and Oflleers
as from time to time are appointed over me by his authority and none other wiilist
I live In any of his Majesties territories. So help me (Jod.

The preceding oatii being read to the meeting by Governor N'Icolls, divers debates
occurred thereupon by some of the asseniliiy. Finally all In the meeting roundly
declared that they could not take such oath, unless Mr. Nicolls should please to

• Messenger.

64: Ecclesiastical Records

1664

add to the said oath — Conformable to the Articles concluded on the Surrender of
this place — as they feared by taking such oath they might nullify or render void
the articles.

Then Domine Megapolensis and Secretary van Ruyven stated that they saw no
impediment to taking such oath. Nevertheless divers words occurred over and
hither thereupon; after which Governor Richard NicoUs finally departed with his^
secretary for the meeting. The assembly also then adjourned.

On the Tuesday following the Burgomasters went with the Treasurer's book of
the City accounts to Governor Richard Nicolls, and placed the same in his hands
together with the bond granted to the City by the late Director General and
Council. After which divers debates arose on both sides in presence of Coll. Cart-
wright and Mr. Thomas Willet regarding the oath, and then the Governor said^
that the Commonality were greatly distracted by some. Burgomasters thereupon
declared, that they had no knowledge thereon and persisted again that they could
not take the oath before and until it was thereunto added — Conformable to the-
Articles concluded at the surrender of this place. Whereupon the Governour exhib-
ited and delivered to the Burgomasters the following writing: —

Whereas there is a false and Injurious aspertion cast upon the Oath of Obedience
to his Majesty his Royal Highnesse the Duke of York and the Governor and Officers
appointed by his Majesty's Authority and that some persons have maliciously
sought to distract the minds of the Inhabitants of New York by suggesting that
the Articles of Peace so late and solemnly made signed and sealed were intended
by that Oath to be made Null and of none effect, to the end that such wicked prac-
tices may not take the effect for which they are designed and that all now under
his Majesties obedience as denizens of his towne, may be undeceived, and not give
any longer creditt to the disturbers of the peace of this Government; I doe think
fltt to declare that the Articles of Surrender are not in the least broken or intended
to be broken by any words or expressions on the said Oath, and if any person or
persons hereafter shall presume to give any other construction of the joind Oath
than is herein declared, I shall accompt him or them disturbers of tlie peace of his
Majesties subjects aftd proceed accordingly; I doe further appoint and order that
this declaracon bee forthwith read, to all the Inhabitants and Registered: as also-
that every denizen under my Government doe take the said Oath who intend to-
Remane here under his Majesties Obedience. Given under my hand this eighteenth
day of October in the yeare of our Lord God 1664: was signed Richard Nicolls.

At the side stood: To the Burgomasters and other Magistrates of New Yorcke.

This date 20th October 1664. In this City Hall assembled Pieter Tonneman, Pau-
lus Leenderts vander Grift, Cornells Steenwyck, Tymotheus Gabry, Isaack Greven-
raat, Nicolas de Meyer, Allard Anthony, Johannes van Brugh, Joannes de Peister^
Hendrick Janzen vander Vin, Jacob Kip, Hendrick Kip, the Elder, Jacques Cous-
seau, Jeronimus Ebbinck, Govert Loockermans, Isaack de Foreest, Jan Vinge.

The proceedings which took place as well on the 14th October as afterwards, and
the writing of Governour Nicolls being read to the meeting, it was asked whether
the aforesaid Oath could not be taken, inasmuch as Mr. Nicolls stated in writing,
that the Articles of the Surrender of this place are not broken in the least, nor
intended to be broken? Whereupon it was universally resolved in the affirmative,
provided the abovenamed Governour Nicolls shall seal his given writing. Then
Mr. Tonneman says, he cannot give his advice thereupon as he Intends to depart
for Holland with the ship lying ready to sail. — Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. 5.
pp. 142, 143, 144, 145.

Xames of THE Dutch Who Swore Allegiance to Great
Britain After the Surrender of ISTew York, October 21—
26, 1664.

The Oath.

I sweare by the name of Almighty God, that I will be a true subject to the King-
Of Great Britain, and will obey all such commands as I shall receive from His
Majesty, His Royal Highnesse, James, Duke of York, and such Governors and Offl-

OF THE State of New York. 565

■eers as from time to time are appointed over me, by His authority, and none otlier
wliilst I live in any of his Majesty's territories; SO HELP ME GOD.

There are about two hundred and fifty names of these printed in Col. Docs. N. Y.
111. 74-77. Among the more prominent names, most if not ail of whom were mem-
bers of the Dutch Church, are the following:

Nicholas Bayard, Rev. Samuel Drisius, Lourens Desille, Johannes De Witt, Coen-
rant Ten Eyck, Isaac de Forrest, Frederick Filipzen, Abel Hardenbroeck, Johannes
Hardenbroeck, Christottle Hoogheland, Heudrick Kipp, Sr., Isaac Klpp, Jacob Kipp,
Rev. Egidius Luyck, Jacob Leisler, Rev. Samuel Megapolensis, Rev. Johannes Mega-
polensis, Johannes Nevius, Johannes De Peister, Johannes Provoost of Albany.
Pieter G. Stuyvesant, Cornelius B. Steenwlck, Oioffe Van Cortlandt Stevenzeu,
Pieter Stoutenburg, Abram Staets, Cornelius Van Ruyven, Johannes Van Brugh,
Abraham Verplank, Warnar Wessell, Resolveert Waidron. — Col. Docs. N. Y. iii.
74-76.

West India Company to the States-General.

(From a Copy in the Royal Archives at the Hague; File, West Indie.)

Read 24tb October, 16G4.

To the High and Mighty Lords, States General of the United Netherlands. — The
Directors of the General Incorporated West Iiulia Company have been obliged to
trouble your High Mightinesses from time to time with complaints of the proceed-
ings of the English, M-ho, after their intolerable violences had dispossessed the Com-
pany of one place and then of another, of the conquests of this State in New
Netherland, to the end that your High Mightinesses may not be Ignorant of the
manner whereby this State was rolibed of its foreign possessions, and the inhab-
itants thereof, of their trade, and that you, High and Mighty, may be graciously
pleased, in season, to devise some means or other, in your profound wisdom,
whereby total loss may be prevented. And, finally, they are forced with sorrow,
most humbly, to make known to you. High and Mighty, that, in verification of their
previous remonstrances, complaints and warnings, the ships and forces sent from
England by the Duke of York, assisted by the power of New England, on the 27th
of August last, reduced, captured and subjected to the English authority, the City
of New Amsterdam, now occupied for fifty years in full peace and quietness, and
in addition thereto, the entire of New Netherland, and immediately called It by
the name of New York, whereby thousands of people have been reduced to a
miserable condition, and the State hath lost a Province, the appearance whereof
was wonderful to behold; which annually afl'ordod thousands of people a living,
already augmented the shipi)iiig trade, and within a few years would have caused
an incredible increase thereof: promoted the commerce of this country to an Incon-
ceivable degree, whereby the Company hath experienced a loss of millions expended
thereon for the benefit of the State and promotion of the trade of this country.
Therefore, the Company Is again obliged, humbly to pray your High MIghtlnessea
to be pleased to take Into consideration, according to their Importance, these vio-
lences and hostilities against the State and to the Company's great loss, and, above
all things, to consider the sorrowful and lamentable complaints of the inhabitants
remaining there, In the hope that your High Mightinesses may still find means to
recoTer that country, which the above named Directors once more pray and request.

Which doing, etc.

(Signed), MIchlel Ten Hove.

— Col. Docs. N. Y. 11. 272.
/

Resolution of the States-General.

(From the Register of West India Affairs, 1G64-1070, In the Royal Archives nt the

Hague.)

Friday, 24th October. lOM.

Read at the Assembly a certain Remonstrance of the Directors of the West Indl.i
Company of this country, complaining that the ships and forces sent from England
by the Duke of York, aided by the power of New England, had, on the 27th of

1664

566 Ecclesiastical Records

August last, reduced, captured and subjected to English authority, the city of
New Amsterdam, now, for fifty years occupied In full peace and quietness, and in
addition thereto, the entire of New Netherland, and immediately called it by the
name of New York. Which being considered, it is resolved and concluded that a
copy of the aforesaid Remonstrance shall be sent to all the Provinces, with the
request that they forthwith exert themselves to the uttermost to obtain vigorous
consent and the appropriation of necessary pecuniary means, to prevent the mis-
chiefs whereby this State is threatened both within and beyond Europe. Copy of
said Remonstrance shall likewise be transmitted to Ambassador van Gogh, in order
that he strongly expostulate against the attacks aforesaid, and request due and
prompt reparation from the King of Great Britain therefor, together with the
issue of prompt order for the cessation of similar attacks in future. — Col. Docs.
N. Y. ii. 272, 273. i

Resolution of the States of Holland.

(From the Resolution van Holland, 1664, p. 447, in State Library, Albany, N. Y.)

25th October, 1664.

Read at the meeting a certain Remonstrance presented to their High Mightinesses
by the Directors of the Incorporated West India Company of these parts, complain-
ing of the Intolerable violences committed against said Company by those of the
English nation in New Netherland and elsewhere, and, namely, that the ships and
forces sent from England by the Duke of York, aided by the power of New England,
had, on the 27th of August last, captured and subjected to English authority the
city of New Amsterdam, now occupied for fifty years in full peace and quietness,
and in addition thereto, the entire of New Netherland, and immediately called the
same by the name of New York, with request that their High Mightinesses, for
reasons more fully set forth in said Remonstrance, would be pleased to consider,
according to their importance, the aforesaid violences and hostilities committed
by the English against this State and said West India Company, and, above all
things, also to take into consideration the sad and lamentable complaints of the
Inhabitants remaining there, in hopes that means will be found by their High
Mightinesses to recover the same.

Which being considered, it is resolved and concluded that the aforesaid Remon-
strance shall be placed in the hands of the Nobles (Heeren van de Kidderschap)*
and other their Noble Great Mightinesses' Committee for the affairs of England, In
order, after mature deliberation of its contents, to submit their opinions and advice
thereupon. i

Resolution of the States of Holland.

(From the Resolutien van Holland, 1664, p. 459, in State Library, Albany, N. Y.)

31st October, 1664.

The Grand Pensionary hath reported to the Assembly, the opinions and advice
of their Noble, Great Mightinesses' Committee for the affairs of England, having,
pursuant and in fulfilment of the resolution dated 25th of this current month,
examined and considered the contents of a certain Remonstrance presented to their
High Mightinesses by the Directors of the Incorporated West India Company of
these parts, complaining of the intolerable violence committed against said Com-
pany of those of the English nation in New Netherland and elsewhere, and, namely,
that the ships and forces sent from England by the Duke of York, aided by the
power of New England, had, on the 27th of August last, captured and subjected to
English authority the city of New Amsterdam, now occupied for half a century of
years in full peace and quietness, and in addition thereunto the entire Province of

* The supreme authority in the Province of Holland was vested in an assembly
or body, consisting of the Raad Pensionaris, Nobles and the Deputies from certain
cities, eighteen in number. The Nobles were denominated Heeren van de Rldder-
schiip.— Col. Docs. N. Y. 11. 273.

OF TKE State of New York. 567

New Netherland, and also immediately called the same by the name of New York;
requesting their High MightinesseB, for reasons more fully set forth in the afore-
said Remonstrance, to be pleased to take Into consideration, according to their
Importance, the aforesaid violences and hostilities committed by the English
against this State and said West India Company, and above all things, to consider,
also, the sad and lamentable complaints of the Inhabitants remaining there, in the
hope that means may be found by their High Mightinesses to recover the same.

Whereupon, deliberation being had, it is resolved and concluded that the matter
shall be referred, on the part of their Noble, Great Mightinesses, to the States-
General (ter Generallteit) to the end that their High Mightinesses may cause a
copy of the aforesaid Remonstrance, and other papers thereunto appertaining, to
be transmitted to Mr. Van Gogh, Ordinary Ambassador from this State to the
King of Great Britain, with orders to expostulate, strongly and seriously, with his
Majesty on the matter aforesaid, requesting, hereupon, prompt restitution and
reparation, also, a speedy and categorical answer and declaration from his Majesty,
whereof he, the Ambassador, shall Immediately notify their High Mightinesses by
express and the ordinary post. The resolution to be adopted by their High Mighti-
nesses Is to be handed by Agent de Heyde to the Ambassador of France and to
Mr. Downing, Extraordinary Envoy of the aforesaid King of Great Britain, also,
to Messrs., the Residents of Sweden and Denmark, and, likewise, to Mr. Boreel.
Ordinary Ambassador from this State to the King and Court of France, and to
Residents Helns and Le Maire to serve for their further Information. — Col. Doca.
N. Y. ii. 275, 276.

Resolution of the States-General.

(From the Register of West India Affairs, 1664-1670, In the Royal Archives at the

Hague.)

The Remonstrance presented by the Directors of the Incorporated West India
Company of this country is again brought before the Assembly, complaining of the
intolerable violences committed against the said Company by those of the English
nation In New Netherland and elsewhere, and namely that the ships and forces
sent from England by the Duke of York, aided by the power of New England,
had, on the 27th of August last, captured and subjected to English authority the
city of New Amsterdam, now occupied for fifty years in full peace and quietness,
and, in addition thereunto, the whole of New Netherland, and Immediately called
the same by the name of New York, requesting that their High Mightinesses, for
the reasons more fully set forth In the aforesaid Remonstrance, would be pleased
to take Into consideration, according to their Importance, the aforesaid violeixea
and hostilities committed by the English against this State and said West India
Company, and, above all things, also to consider the sad and lamentable compliilnts
of the inhabitants remaining there, in hopes that means nmy bo found by their
High Mightinesses to recover the same. Which being considered, it la resolved
and concluded that copy of the aforesaid Remonstrance, with and besides the
additional papers appertaining thereunto, shall be sent to Ambassador Van (Jogh.
with order to expostulate strongly and seriously with the King of Great Britain
respecting what is above set forth, requesting hereupon prompt restitution and
reparation; also a speedy and categorical answer and declaration from the Lord,
the King, whereof he, the Ambassador, shall immediately notify flielr High Mighti-
nesses by express and also by the ordinary post. This, their High Mightinesses'
resolution, shall also be handed by Agent de Heyde to the Anibnssiidor of France,
and Mr. Downing, Extraordinary Envoy of the King of Great llrnain; also to
Messrs. the Residents of Sweden and Denmark, and likewise sent to Ambassador
Boreel and Residents Helns and Le Maire to serve for their further Information;
and the despatches resulting herefrom shall be sent off without reconaideratlon.—
Col. Docs. N. Y. II. 270, 277.

1664

1665

568 Ecclesiastical Records i'

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

1664, l^ov. 10th.

A letter was read, written by Rev. Samuel Drisius, minister
on Manhattan, referring to the transition of these places, by treaty
to the English Nation. He intends to remain there in order to
prevent the scattering of the congregation. — xxi. 20.

The Governors Lre. to ye Inhabitants of Long Island,
Touching a Generall Meeting of Deputyes at Hempsteed.

[Feb. 28, 1665.]

Whereas the Inhabitants of Long Island, have for a Long time groaned under
many grievous inconveniences, and discouragements occasioned partly from their
subjection, partly from their opposicon to a forraigne power, in which distracted
condicon, few or no Lawes could bee putt in due Execucon, Bounds and Titles to
Lands disputed, Civill Libertyes interrupted, and from this Generall Confusion,
private dissentions and animosityes, have too much prevailed against Neighborly
Love, and Christian Charity; To the preventing of the future growth of like Evils,
his Majesty as a signall grace and honor to his subjects upon Long Island, hath at
his own charge reduc't the forraigne Power to his obedience and by Pattent hath
Invested his Royall Highness the Duke of York with full and absolute Power, in
and over all and every the Particular Tracts of Land therein mentioned, which
said Powers by Commission from his Royall Highnesse the Duke of York, I am
deputed to put in execution. In discharge therefore of my Trust and Duty, to
settle good and knowne Laws within this government for the future, and receive
your best advice and Informacon in a General Meeting, I have thought fltt to pub-
lish unto you, That upon the last day of this present February, at Hempsteed upon
Long Island, shall be held a Generall Meeting, which is to consist of Deputyes
chosen by the major part of the freemen only, which is to be understood, of all
Persons rated according to their estates, whether English or Dutch, within your
several Towns and precincts, whereof you are to make Publication to the Inhab-
itants, foure days before you proceed to an Election appointing a certain day to
that purpose. You are further to impart to the inhabitants from mee, that 1 do
heartily recommend to them the choice of the most sober, able and discreet per-
sons, without partiality or faction, the fruite and benefltt whereof will return to
themselves in a full and perfect settlement and composure of all controversyes,
and the propagacon of true religion amongst us, They are also required to bring
with them a Draught of each Towne Limits, or such writings as are necessary to
evidence the Bounds and Limitts, as well as the right by which they challenge
such Bounds and Limits, by Grant or Purchase, or both, as also to give notice of
this meeting to Sachems of the Indyans, whose presence may in some c%ses bee
accessary. Lastly I do require you to Assemble your Inhabitants and read this
letter to them, and then and there to nominate a day for the Election of two Depu-
tyes from your Towne, who are to bring a certificate of their due election, (with
full power to conclude any cause or matter relating to their severall Townes) to
meet at Hempsteed upon the last day of February, where (God Willing) I shall
expect them.

Your assured friend.

Richard Nicolls.
February 1664-5.

— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 564.

OF THE State of !N^ew York. 569

The CoNCESsioisrs and Agreements of Berkeley and Carteret,
THE Lords Proprietors, with the Adventurers, or Plant-
ers IN Kew Jersey, so Far as They Relate to Religion.

(From Learning and Spicer's Ed. of Laws.)

1665, Feb. 10.

ITEM. That no Person qualified as aforesaid (by oath of allegiance to the King
of Great Britain) within the said Province, at any time shall be anyways molested,
punished, disquieted or called in question for any Differences in Opinion or Prac-
tice in matter of Religious Concernments, who do not actually disturb the civil
Peace of the said Province; but that all and every such I'erson and Persons may
from time to time, and at all times, freely and fully have and enjoy his and their
judgements and Consciences In matters of Religion throughout the said Province,
they behaving themselves peaceably and quietly, and not using this Liberty to
Licentiousness, nor to the civil injury or outward disturbance of others; any Law,
Statute or Clause contained, or to be contained, usage or custom of this Realm of
England, to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding.

ITEM. That no pretence may be taken by our Heirs or Assigns for or by reason
of our right of Patronage and I'ower of Advowson, granted by his Majesty's Let-
ter's Patents, unto his Royal Highness James Duke of York, and by his said Royal
Highness unto us, thereby to infringe the general clause of Liberty of Conscience
aforementioned: We do hereby grant unto the General Assembly of the said
Province, Power by Act, to constitute and appoint such and so many Ministers or
Preachers as they shall think fit, and to establish their Maintenance, giving liberty
beside to any Person or Persons to keep and maintain what Preachers or Ministers
they please.

The Inhabitants being freemen were then directed to select twelve representa-
tives from among themselves, who, with the Governor and Council should make
Laws, Ordinances and a Constitution. But after the division of the I'rovlnce into
parishes or other divisions, the free citizens were to elect on the first day of Janu-
ary, Freeholders for each division to be the Representatives of the same. A
majority of these with the Governor and Council shall constitute the General
Assembly.

Their Powers.

II. To Enact and make all such Laws, Acts and Constitutions as shall be neces-
sary for the well Government of the said Province, and them to repeal: Provided,
that the same be consonant to Reason, and as near as may bo conveniently agree-
able to the Laws and Customs of his Majesty's Kingdom of England: Provided
also, that they be not against the Interests of us the Lords Proprietors, our Ileira
or Assigns, nor any of those our Concessions; especially that they be not repugnant
to the Article for Liberty of Conscience above mentioned.

In reference to distribution of land:

III. ITEM. We do also grant convenient Proportions of Land for High- Ways and
for Streets, not exceeding one hundred feet in breadth In Cities, Towns and Vil-
lages, etc. and for CHUKCIIES, Forts, Wharfes, Kays, Ilarliours and for Pulilick
Houses; and to each Parish for the use of the Ministers two hundred acres, In such
Places as the General Assembly shall appoint.

IV. ITEM. The Governor is to take notice, that all such Lands laid out for the
uses and purposes aforesaid, in the next preceding Article, shall be free and exempt
from all Rents, Taxes and other Charges and Duties whatsoever, payable to us,
our Heirs or Assigns.

1665

570 Ecclesiastical Records

In the Commission of Philip Carteret, (February 10, 1665,) as Governor of New
Jersey, nothing relating to Religion occurs.

In the Instructions to Philip Carteret, (February 10, 1665,) nothing relating
directly to ecclesiastical business occurs.

The Governor and Council receive " Absolute Power and Authority " " to let,
sell, convey and assure such Land in our said Province, to such Person and Per-
sons, and for such Estate and Estates, and with such Conditions, Provisions and
Limitations as we by our Concessions and Agreement, under our Hand and Seal,
bearing Date with these Presents, to and with the Adventurers are obliged to
grant, etc." 28.

The Proprietors promise to ratify all the Acts of the General Assembly made la
accordance with the Concessions etc. 29.

And lastly. If our Governor and Council shall happen to find any natives in our
said Province and Tract of Land aforesaid, that then they treat them with all
Humanity and Kindness, and not in anywise grieve or oppress them, but endeavor
by a Christian carriage to manifest Piety, Justice and Charity, and In your con-
versation with them, the manifestation whereof will prove Beneficial to the Plant-
ers, and lilsewlse Advantageous to the Propagation of the Gospel 30.

THE DUKE'S LAWS.

Feb. 28, 1665.

So Fab as They Relate to Religion. •

Applicable only to Long Island and Staten Island until 1674.

" Whereas the public worship of God is much discredited for
want of painful and able ministers to instruct the people in the
true religion, and for want of convenient places capable to receive
any number or assembly of people, in a decent manner, for cele-
brating God's boly ordinances, these ensuing laws are to be ob-
served in every parish, viz. :

1. That in each parish within this government a church be built
in the most convenient part thereof, capable to receive and accom-
modate two hundred persons.

2. That for the making and proportioning the levies and assess-
ments for building and repairing the churches, provision for the
poor, maintenance for the minister, as well as for the more orderly
managing of all parochial affairs in other cases expressed; eight
of the most able men of each parish be, by the major part of the

OF THE State of New York. 571

householders of the said parish, chosen, to be overseers; out of
which number the constable and the aforesaid eight overseers shall
yearly make choice of two of the said number to be church-war-
dens; and in case of the death of any of the said overseers and
church-wardens, or his or their departure out of the parish, the
said constable and overseers shall make choice of another to supply
his room.

3. Every overseer is to take the oath of allegiance at the time
of his admittance into his office, in the presence of the minister,
overseer, and constable of the parish, besides the oath of his office.

4. To prevent scandalous and ignorant pretenders to the min-
istry from intruding themselves as teachers, no minister shall be
permitted to officiate within the government but such as shall pro-
duce testimonials to the governor that he hath received ordination
either from some Protestant bishop or minister, within some part
of his Majesty's dominions, or the dominions of any foreign prince
of the Reformed religion ; upon which testimony the governor shall
induce the said minister into the parish that shall make presenta-
tion of him as duly elected by the major part of the inhabitants
(being) householders.

5. That the minister of every parish shall preach constantly
every Sunday, and shall also pray for the King, Queen, Duke of
York, and the royal family. And every person affronting or dis-
turbing any congregation on the Lord's day, and on such public
days of fast and thanksgiving as are appointed to be observed,
after the presentments thereof by the church-wardens to the ses-
sions, and due conviction thereof, shall ho pnnishod by fine or
imprisonment, according to the merit and nature of the offense.
And every minister shall also publicly administer the sacrament
of the Lord's Supper once every year, at the least, in his parish
church, not denpng the private benefit thereof to persons that
for want of health shall require the same in their houses, under
the penalty of loss of preferment, unless the minister be restrained
in point of conscience.

1665

572 Ecclesiastical Records

6. 'No minister shall refuse the sacrament of baptism to the
children of Christian parents, when they shall be tendered, under
penalty of loss of preferment.

7. Ministers are to marry persons after legal publication or
sufficient license.

8. Legal publication shall be so esteemed, when the persons so
to be married are three several days asked in the church, or have
a special license.

9. Sundays are not to be profaned by travelers, laborers, or
vicious persons.

10. That no congregations shall be disturbed in their private
meetings, in the time of prayer, preaching, or other divine ser-
vice; nor shall any person be molested, fined, or imprisoned, for
differing in judgment in matters of religion, who professes Chris-
tianit}',

11. iSTo person of scandalous or vicious life shall be admitted to
the holy sacrament, who hath not given satisfaction therein to the
minister ".

Public Chaeges.

" Every inhabitant shall contribute to all charges, both in church
and state, w^hereof he doth or may receive benefit, according to the
equal proportion of his estate ".

Chukch-Wardei^s.

That Church- wardens shall twice every year (viz.) on the Sec-
ond day of the Sessions to be held in December, in open Sessions,
deliver a true presentment in writing, of all such misdemeanours
as by their knowledge have been committed and not punished
whilst they have been Church-wardens. ISTamely, " Swearing,
prophaness. Sabbath breaking. Drunkenness, fornication, Adul-
tery, and all such abominable Sinnes ". See Coll. IST. Y. Hist.
Soc, 1809. 331-4. The entire Body of the Duke's Laws extend
in this Volume from page 307 to 396.

OF THE State of !N^ew York. 573

1665

Eev. Mathias IiTevius in ]^ew York.

1665, Feb. 16tli.

Rev. Matliias iSTevius,* minister at Montfoort, Holland, was one
of the witnesses at the baptism of Sara Catrina, seventh child of
Johannes ISTevius of Zoellen, and Arientje Blejck. This is the
only reference to this Rev. Mathias jSTevins being in America.
There is no allnsion to him in the Correspondence. In the General
Catalogues, (Album Studiosorum) of the Universities of Utrecht
and Leyden, there are the following allusions to Mathias Xevius.
Born, 1628; entered University of Utrecht, coming from Zoelen,
1645; entered University of Leyden, as from Campen, 1648,
aged 20, student of Law; in 1649, matriculates from Zoelen, aged
21, as student of Theology; in 1650, matriculates at Utrecht, as
from Campen. In 1665, Rev. Mathias Xevius, witness to a bap-
tism, as above.

In 1676 another Mathias Xevius, (perhaps a son of the above),
matriculates at Leyden, aged 16, as a student of Philosophy.

The John ISTevius of ISTew Ketherland, above alluded to, came to
America about 1651. He was from Zoelen. He was a schepen,
1654-6, City Clerk and Vendue-master 1657-65; in 1670 he
leased the Long Island ferry, and died in Brooklyn, 1672.

Court Minutes of Xew Amstkjjdam.

low, May 2 (O. S.)

CtTtilicate as to Fidelity of Peter Stuyvesant.

Wo, the nndorsiKiicd Sellout, Burj,'omasters and Sehepens of the City of New-
York on the Island of Manathan, formerly named New Amsterdam, Certify and
Declare, at the request of the Honorable I'etrus Stuyvesant, late Director (Jencral
of New Netherlnnd, rtnd wlio now, on the change T)y the Knpllsh Is about to return
to I'atria, that his Honor has, during about eljjhtetMi years' administration coi\-
ducted and demeaned himself not only as a Director (ieneral, acciM-diiijr to the best
of our knowU'd^'c ou;;ht to do. on all occurring clnMimstances, for the Interest of
the West India Company, but besides as an honest proprietor and patriot of this
I'rovince and a supporter of the Reformed Religion. Thus done and executed In

*A genealogy of the Nevius family has just been published by A. V. D. Honey-
man, of I'lainllcld, N. J. The above Rev. Mathias Nevlns, and John, probably his
brother, are perhaps children of Rev. ,Iohn Nevlns, who died In ^(i.^(>. He was from
1G30-(J preacher at Weesop, and previously nt Schellinkhont.

1665

574 Ecclesiastical Records

our Court at this City Hall, ady, 2nd May, Old Style Anno 1665: in New York
situate on Manathans Island.— Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. 5. p. 233.

The Director vs. The Preachers, at the Surrender of New Amsterdam.

Evert Wlllemsen Munnlk declares that when the aforesaid frigates passed the
fort. Director General Stuyvesant acted as if he would have ordered the constable
to Are on them. But the ministers Megapolensis, father and son, led him aside
and persuaded him to depart. Hoi. Doc. xii., 25, 145; xiil., 54, 55, 94. The
Directors in Holland subsequently censured Stuyvesant severely for his conduct ou
this occasion. " It is an act which can never be justified, that a Director General
shall stand looking between the gabions whilst two hostile frigates pass the fort
and the mouths of twenty pieces of cannon, among which were several demi-car-
toons, and give no order to prevent it; but, on the contrary, lending an ear to
preachers and other chicken-hearted persons, demeaning himself as If he were-
willing to fire, yet notwithstanding, allow himself to be led in from the bulwark
between the preachers; and when the frigates had sailed past, became so troubled
that he must then first go out to prevent their landing. The excuse that It was-
resolved not to begin hostilities Is very poor, for the English had committed every
hostile act." — O'Callaghan's History of New Netherland, Vol. 11. 526.

Court Minutes of Kew Amsterdam.

Repairs of Graveyard.

1665, June 17.

It Is further resolved, whereas the Churchyard of this City lies very open and)
onfenced, so that the hogs root in the same, to send for the Churchmasters for
which purpose Govert Loockermans Is sent for and he appearing, the above written
is stated to him, and therefore the necessity of repairing the same: V^hereunto
be answered, that could easily be done, if there were money in the chest, and says
to repair and bring the same Into proper condition full five hundred guilders will
be necessary, to realize which It was concluded, that a collection be made.— Rec-
ords of New Amsterdam, Vol. 5. p. 253.

Synod of North Holland, at Hoorn.

1665, Aug. 1 et seq.

Art. 15. Extract from a letter from New Netherland written by Rev. Samuet
Drisius, minister at Manhattan.

It refers to the transfer of the said place, by agreement, to the English. He
Intends to remain there to prevent the scattering of the congregation.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Letters of Drisius.

1665, Sept. 7th.

A letter from Rev. Drisius minister in New Netherland was
read. He told of his desire to come over to the Fatherland, but
had been so far prevented from doing so. He requested the advice
of the Classis how he must conduct himself in the unfortunate
circumstances which had occurred, namely, the English conquest,
(literally, unpleasantnesses.) The Assembly resolved that the

OF THE State of jSTew York. 575

Eev. Deputati ad causas Indicas should encourage (animate) him
to remain there, and to oppose the introduction of the English Lit-
urgy into our Church, as much as possible. They will also write
to Eev. Megapolensis on this latter point, vi. 384, 385; xix.
117.

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.

Salary of Evert Pletersen, schoolmaster.

1665, September 19.
The petition of Mr. Evert Pletersen, Schoolmaster and Precentor of this City
being read and considered, requesting, that he may have some proper fixed Salarlum
ae he was heretofore paid his wages by the Honorable Company and has been con
tinned in his employment from that time to the present. It is apostlUed as fol
loweth:— Whereas order shall be shortly made relative to the salary of the Mlu
isters of this City, under which the Precentorshlp also comes, proper order shal
then be made herein lilsewlse. Ady, as above. — Records of New Amsterdam, Vol
5. p. 294.

Abstract and Extracts from Stuyvesant's Report on the
Surrender of IN'ew Netherland, in 1664 to the English.

1665, Oct. 19.
He refers to the poor condition in which he found New Netherland In 1647, when
he assumed the government. With the exception of the three English villages of
Hemstede, New Flushing and Gravesend, the Flntlands were so stripped of Inhab-
itants that there were only fifty bouwerles, and the whole province could muster
not more than two hundred and fifty or three hundred men able to bear arms: —
That New England was constantly encroaching, and their population was fifty
times greater than the Dutch; that Indian wars had destroyed or driven a way
many people, or caused them to retreat under the dilapidated walls of the Fort
In New Amsterdam; that great improvements had been made during his adminis-
tration, and far greater might have taken place If they had been properly sus-
tained from home with suitable reinforcements; that the New Englandcra were
finally re-lnforced by four Royal ships, with many troops and stores, and the
English on Long Island, joining with them, surrounded the Dutch and cut off all
eupplies; there was but a small supply of powder — not more than six hundred
pounds fit for use; thus the gunner will also testify; that they wore also short of
provisions; that they were relieved from all fear of any English fleet appronohlng,
by the last letter of the Directors, dated April 21, 1664, and received only one
month before the arrival of the English frigates, in which letter was the following:

" On the other hand, according to the Intelligence we receive from England, hla
Royal Majesty of Great Britain, being disposed to bring all his kingdoms under
one form of government, both In Church and State, hath taken cnre that Comnils-
pioners are ready at present to repair to New Knglnnd, and there to Install the
Episcopal government as in Old England; wherefore we are In hopes that as the
English at the North have removed mostly from Old England for the causes afore-
said, they will not henceforth give us so much trouble, but prefer to live free under
us at peace with their consciences, than to trouble fhenisclves to get rid of our
authority and then to fall again under a government from which they had formerly
fled ". (Compare Col. Docs. il. 432.)

Under such Information, we continued to allow provisions to be exported; nnder
which circumstances the people were unwilling to attempt to defend the place.
Besides the English villages had already surrendered to the New Knglanders, 1063.

1665

576 Ecclesiastical Records

which we could uot resist, because of an Indian war at Esopus, accounts of which
had already been sent to Holland in Nov. 1663, but to which no answer had been
returned. In these accounts, it had been said — " If the Honorable Company give
themselves so little concern about the safety of the country and its inhabitants, as
not to be willing to send a ship of war to its succor, in such pressing necessity, nor
even a letter of advice as to what we may depend on and what relief we have to
expect, we are utterly powerless, and, therefore, not bound to defend the city, to
imperil our lives, property, wives and children, without hope of any re-inforce-
ment or relief and to lose all after two or three days of resistance ".

He then refers to the disrespectful speeches he was obliged to hear, when he
sought to encourage them to defend the place; that some of the (English) soldiers
had been heard to say — " We now hope to find an opportunity to pepper the
devilish Chinese, who have made us smart so much; we know well where booty is
to be got, and where the young women reside who wear chains of gold ". Many
similar warnings came from the people of Long Island; and the people of New
Amstel had suffered just these things from the dissolute English soldiery there;
they had been " invaded, stripped, utterly plundered, and many were sold as slaves
to Virginia ".

To prevent such calamities and in view of the untenableness of the place, and
the warnings and supplications of the people, he and Council were compelled to
come to terms with the English; and even if the surrender had not taken place,
owing to the subsequent speedy war between Holland and England, we would soon
have been overwhelmed by the New Euglauders, who outnumbered us fifty to one.

P. Stuyvesant.
— Col. Docs. N. y. ii. 365-370.

Then follow a number of documents in support of his Report. Domine Aegidius
Luj'ck's name appears among these papers, showing that he was then in New
Amsterdam: 370-6.

The following Extract from Cornelius Van Ruyven's letter, refers to the advice
of the ministers urging the surrender: —

W. Extract of a letter from the Receiver, Cornelius van Ruyven, addressed

to the Directors of the Incorporated West India Company, Chamber at
Amsterdam, dated 9th May, Anno 1665.

Your Honors' despatch, dated 28th November, 1664, by the ship 't Gecruste Hart,
was received by me on the 25th February last. Much could be said on the dis-
satisfaction conceived by you at the surrender of this Province, but 1 shall only
briefly remark, that when you will come to consider rightly all the circumstances
of the case and the imperative necessity and difficulties in which your Honors'
faithful Ministers and servants were placed in regard to the vast, overwhelming
force of the assailants, the refusal of assistance by all the towns on Long Island;
the cutting off of all supplies of provisions; the scarcity thereof within, and of
powder and lead; the little inclination of the inhabitants, inasmuch as they were
aware that it was impossible to keep the place, as is to be seen by their petition
and protest; your Honors being aware and informed of this, agreeably to truth
and uprightness, and not according to the perverted passion and appetite of those
who would rather have seen all murdered and ruined, from which neither the
State nor your Honors would have derived any profit, but only a few bloodsuckers
and spendthrifts of their own and their Masters' substance, because then they
would not have to render any account. I feel assured that you will entertain an
entirely different opinion of your faithful Ministers, the rather when your Honors
will but once cast your eyes over what has, long before now, been so frequently
and seriously set before you chiefly on this subject of the so repeatedly besought
and prayed for Boundary settlement or re-inforcement of ships, people and ammu-
nition, with a frank declaration that, otherwise, the country was lost, as the sad
result has now proved to the loss of us all; namely, of such as have engaged in the
improvement of your Honors' conquest and invested all their means therein, which
they must surrender for M'ant of men and necessary means. This ought not to be
imputed to the prejudice of your Honors' faithful Ministers, for no man is bound
to perform impossibilities.

OF THE State of New York. 57 Y

. Your Honors doubtless know what has been efTected, from time to time, by your
Honors' servants against the Invasions, usurpations and pretensions of the English,
and that we have spared neither trouble or pains, nor allowed ourselves ever to
tire in maintaining your Honors' right; the same has been the case with your
Honors' Ministers; but perceiving the impossibility of making a longer defence,
they did not consider it proper, nor did they resolve to surrender the place until
they were of necessity forced thereto from without and within, as General Stuy-
vesant, to whom may God the Lord grant a safe voyage, will be able fuFly to demon-
strate by sufScient documents. This, I hope, will deserve, from your Honors, more
credit than the altogether too licentious prating of a few dissolute soldiers and
others who had their eyes fixed more on robbing and plundering either stranger or
inhabitants, than on the defence of your conquest. Had your Honors been person-
ally here and seen no hope of any relief or re-lnforcement, you would, without
doubt, have considered it better and more Christian-like to agree to some Condi-
tions than to be obliged to look upon the ruin of the place, the murder of the poor
people, women and children, without being able to do anything to prevent It.

I therefore request and pray your Honors to consider, according to your wonted
wisdom, the matter as it is, and not as represented by perverse information, that
your Honors' Ministers may be excused and relieved from the blame which is
unjustly attached to them. — Col. Docs. N. Y. il. 377.

Resolutions of the States General Oct.-Dec. 1669, on Stuyvesant's Report. — Col.
Docs. N. Y. il. 378-9.

Rejoinder of the States General to Sir George Downlng's Reply, respecting Eng-
lish Conquest of New Netherland, with further action of the States General. — Col.
Docs. N. Y. 11. 379-425.

See also " Additional Report " 1666, of Stuyvesant, 429-477. Appendices, 448.

CoTjRT Minutes of 'N'ew Amsterdam.

The City advances money to repair Graveyard.

166.-., Nov. 13.

The Churohraastors of this City, Sieurs Govert Loocquermaus and Joannes de
Teister entering Court and being asked, if there he so much money in the Church
Treasury as will fence the grave yard of this City, answer no: and that still many
small debts are due here and there, which they have not been able to pay as yet In
consequence of the trifling Income.

The Mayor and Aldermen resolve to advance from the Unrghors excise of this
City to the Churchmastcrs as nnich as shall be required for the fencing off of the
graveyard, on condition the same be repaid from the first Incoming money — which
the abovenamed Churchmastcrs promise to do. Ady, as above. — Records of New
Amsterdam, Vol. 5. p. 313.

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.

Salary of Kvcrt rietersen. Schoolmaster.

1066, February 20.

Mr. Evert rietersen appo.'irlng In Court, requests that a suitable nllowanee be
granted to him, inasmuch as the W. Court had, on the 10th of 7br. last, promised
that an order should be made also regarding hia stipend, whenever the preachers
were granted their salary, which has now been done. The W. Court having heard
the petition decree absolutely, that he shall receive some satisfaction for his service.
But whereas the City Treasury Is at present so low, that the dally expenses can
scarcely be met, the petitioner is requested to wait still awhile. Ady, as above. —
Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. 5. p. 340.

1665

1666

578 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

Aegedius Luyck.

\ 1666, April.

No. 2. I, AegidluB Lnyck, undersigned, late Principal of the Latin School In
Amsterdam, In New Netherland, and at present Theologiae Studiosus here, aged
about twenty five years, do hereby certify and declare in witness of the truth, at
the request of Mr. Petrus Stuyvesant, late Director-General in New Netherland
that not alone from the Gunner's own mouth have I heard that the gunpowder
was short, bad and unfit for use when the English arrived Jn New Netherland. —
Col. Docs. N. Y. ii. 470.

A Lettee Sent to Mr. Smith of !N"esaquake.

Minister's Support at Seatalcott.

New Torke 3rd April, 1666.
Mr. Smith:—

I am moreover to put you in mlnde of your former engagement before his Honor,

to contribute to ye allowance of the Minister of Seatalcott, untlll you shall be

otherwise provided, which will be expected from you; These particulars were given

mee In charge to deliver to you from the Governor.

I am.

Your Loving ffrlend,

M. Nicolls.
To Mr. Richard Smith of Nesaquake

on Long Island.

— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 576.

An Agreement made before the Governor, between the Oflicers of the Towne of
Seatalcott, and Richard Smith of Nesaquake.

and likewise that hee pay towards ye maintenance of the Minister at Seatalcott,
during the Terme In ye said Patent mentioned, or until he shall bee otherwise
provided ;

Dated at New Yorke this 5th day of April 1666.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 576.

Rent for school-house to be paid.
1 May 8, 1666.

Captain Steynmets entering demands paymejit of a year's rent of his house, hired
to the city as a city school, due on the first of this month, amounting to the sum
of two hundred and sixty florins. Petitioner is requested to wait yet awhile, as
there is at present no money In the chest. — Dunshee, 35.

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.

Election of Churchmasters, New York.

June 13, 1686.

Whereas the time of the Church-masters or Kirkmeeeters, Is expired, and It being
Necessary that In their Rooms some other fit persons should be appointed, the
honnerabie Court have made choice of Mr. Poulus Leendersen Vande Grift &
Jeronimus Ebbingh to be Kerkmeesters of this Towne one whole yeare Commencinge
from the date hereof by these Presents Requlringe the Late Kirkmeesters to de-
liver unto the said persons all the Bookes, accounts, & what estate belonging to the
Church yet under their Custodie. Ady ut supra. — Records of New Amsterdam,
Vol. 6. p. 18.

OF THE State of New Yoek. 570

Court Minutes of ITew Amsteedam,

Aug. 7, 1666.

Johannes Van Brugh, Pit: v/s Thomas Wandel, Deft: The Pit: declares that the
deft: is Indebted unto him for the Rent of Domenes Point,* according to agreement
made & Concluded uppon betwixt Annetle Bogardus deceased & the Predecessr. of
the deft: Wm. hark alsoo deceased bearlnge date the 16th of March Anno lCo7: for
the space of eight Yeares Commencinge from the first of April 1657 & expiring the
first of April 1665 New Stile, at one hundred Guilders in good pay per annum,
amounts the Summe of eight hundred florins in good pay, besides a Barne, which
the deft: was Ingaged to build uppon the said Land uppon his owne Proper
Charges etc.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Correspondence from America.

1666, Aug. 16tb.

Rev. John Megapolensis to the Classis of Amsterdam.

(Letter not found. An abstract in Acts of Deputies, below;
and in Minutes of Synod of North Holland, 1667, Art. 12.)

C. Van Ruyven to Stuyvesant.

1666, Aug. 17.

I Intended to have communicated some news to you, but, contrary to expectation,
notice was sent round for all passengers to go Immediately on board. I have men-
tioned some intelligence in the letter to our beloved nephew, young Wllmerdoncx.
I have hitherto had great reason to be thankful to God the Lord for our health and
present condition, and it has afforded me much pleasure to learn the same of you;
but 'twould afford me much greater satisfaction to be able to see it personally or to
hear it from your own lips, which I eagerly desire. Father* is old and weak;
preaching by turns In the outside villages does not help him much. Mother Is also
sometimes ailing. Since you left there have died here, to my knowledge, Abraham
Klock, Hans Klerstede; and Bartel Mannekin van der Doncx' widow will enter
again into possession of Nlpperha. She claims also land In Mespadt. She likewise
recently spoke to me about some ironwork you caused to be hauled from then', but
I know nothing about it. Many old matters are ripped up and misinterpreted, but
they are wisely disregarded by Governor Nlcols, so that a man remarked to me,
that it was the Governor's policy to follow the same course you had observed In
the case of Governor Kleft.

Wherewith, after hearty greeting and wishes for good success, quick dispatch and

eafe return, I shall recommend your Honor to God's gracious protection and remain.

Sir, and kind friend.

Your obliged servant,

Manhatans, 7/17 (Signed) C. v. Uuyven.

August, 1666,

— Col. Docs. N. Y. 11. 473.

• Domlne's Point, or Domine's hook, took its name from Domine Bogardus, who
was Its original proprietor, from whom It passed to Annetle Jans, his widow. It
eventually was ac(iuiro(l by Union College, Schenectady, and Is situate at the
entrance of Mespat Kill, Newtown, L. I. — Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. 6.
p. 28.

• Van ,Ruyven was son-in-law of Domlue Megapolensis.

1666

580 Ecclesiastical Recokds

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.
Call of tlie Eev. Henricus Selyns to Waverveen.

1666, Sept. 6th.

Rev. Clerquinius, deputed by the Classis to preside at the call-
ing of a minister in the church at Waverveen, made known, that,
after calling on the name of the Lord, there was chosen on Sept.
5th, out of the four nominations, but with good order, and by
the united efforts of the Consistory and the members of that
church, and by a large majority of the votes cast, as their regular
pastor, the Rev. Henricus Selyns, late minister in ISTew !N"ether-
land ; also that he, at the request of the people of Waverveen, had
gone with them to the house of the Hon., the Bailiff of Amstel-
land, to request his approval thereof, but that his Honor for some
reasons, raised an objection thereto, altho he did not absolutely
refuse; he asked the Rev. Classis, whether this should be further
urged upon his Honor, and that Stante Classi, (during the present
session of Classis). The Assembly decides by all means, in the
affirmative; and that the Rev. Clerquinius, if he pleases, will,
furthermore, put this into effect.

Hereupon entered Peter Jansz, elder, and Henry Laurents,
deacon, delegates from the Consistory of Waverveen. They like-
wise declared that the church there had called Rev. Henricus
Selyns as their minister, and requested that the Rev. Classis would
be pleased to approve the said Call, and to make arrangements
for the installation of Rev. Selyns in their Church. To this end
they handed over the written instrument of the Call, with the
written approval of the Hon. Bailiff of Amstelland, secured by
Rev. Clerquinius and the people of Waverveen. Both of these
having been read and found to be in proper form, (except that
something novel was added to the approval by the Hon. Bailiff),
the Classis also approved the call of Rev. Selyns, and then de-
cided that the same shall be offered to Rev. Henricus Selyns by

OF THE State of New York. 581

Eev. Clerquinius and the delegates from Waverveen, and if the
same be accepted by him, arrangements would be further made
for his installation.

Kesolution of Classis about the written approval (of the Bailiff?).
Call of Kev. Selyns.

Classis also resolved that the Hon. Bailiff be waited on by Revs.
Clercquins and van Noordt, in regard to that novel addition to
his written approval, and he shall be earnestly requested in the
name of Classis, that his Hon. be pleased to erase and remove that
addendum: the brethren having conferred with liis Hr.n., made
known that his Hon. could not be induced so to do, but prom-
ised that he neither wished nor would effect anything therewith
to the prejudice of church-rights; this having been in turn re-
ported to the meeting, the Classis decided that these brethren shall
again address themselves to his Hon., and notify his Hon. that
the Classis, notwithstanding the addendum, nevertheless regards
and accepts the same no otherwise than as a simple approval, like
those given by his Hon. heretofore. This having been done by
the brethren, the Bailiff agreed thereto (allowed himself to be
pleased therewith), declared further, tliat he had added this now
only to clear himself of his duty the better before the Gentlemen
of the Countship (some sort of local district) who claimed some
privileges in connection witli this clmrcli <<{ \V;iV(M*voon in particu-
lar, as it had been built at their expense ; but not in the least to
the prejudice of church-rights, as he repeatedly declared ; \vi\, he
rather promised that he would in every way aid in defending the
same. Whereupon he was furtlicr Iminbly requested (to act) with
the Brethren, with the promise of tlicir gratitude. His Hon.
likewise agreed thus to do.

Arrangements for the Installation of Rev. Selyns.

Thereupon the call luiviiig been offered to Rev. Selyns and also
accepted by him, in the fear of the Lord, it wa? nrrangod that his

1666

582 Ecclesiastical Records

first presentation (publishing of name from pulpit) be made by
Rev. Clincquane on September 12th, the second on September
19th, by Rev. Lantsman, or if made inconvenient, through sick-
ness, by the next following; and the installation on September
26th, by Rev. Lucas Vinckins. vi. 416.

(Waverveen is a village in the province of Utrecht (though
the church was in the Classis of Amsterdam) not more than 7 or 8
miles north west from Breukelen, after which the locality in !N^ew
Netherland was named.) — Tr.

Aegidius Luyck.

1666, Sept. 6th.

Rev. Aegidius Luyck, candidate, residing at Amsterdam, at
Cattenburgh, handed in the certificate of his examination in the
Classis of " Hardewyck and Nether Veluwe " (Gelderland.) He
requests to be received as recommended, by this Classis. The
certificate was r^ad, and his exposition (sermon) heard, and both
were found satisfactory; his request was granted upon his com-
plying with the usual regulations of Classis in the premises,
vi. 417.

Court Mii^utes of New Amsterdam.

1666, Oct. 9.

Jacques Cosseart, Collector of the monies promised by the Inhabitants for the
support of the Clergy, appears in Court requesting that something may be allowed
him for the collection of said money. Ady as above. — Records of New Amsterdam,
Vol. 6. p. 40.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Rev. Henricus Selyns.

1666, Oct. 11th.

Stood within Rev. Henricus Selyns pastor of the church at
Waverveen. He had been installed to the great satisfaction of that
people, on Sept. 26th, by Rev. Lucas Vinckius, and he now asked
to be received as a member of the Classis, and that he may also
be granted a seat in the Assembly. The Assembly cheerfully

OF THE State of New Yokk. 583

1666

granted him his request, upon his subscribing the ordinary for-
mula of Concord. He was heartily welcomed, and the Lord's
rich blessing cordially invoked upon his person and ministry,
vi. 418.

(This implies considerable difference in church government at
that time, owing to the Jus Patronatus.)

Letter feom the Governor in Regard to the Lutherans.

Gentlemen:-! have lately received letters from the Duke Wherein It Is per-
tlcularly signlfyed unto me that his Royall Highness doth approve of ye Toliera-
ton given to ye Lutheran Church In these partes I doe therefore expect that you
live friendly and peaceably with those of that profession giving them no disturbance
m ye exercise of their religion, as they shall receive noe countenance In but on ye
contrary strictly answer any disturbance they shall presume to give unto any of
you in your divine worship. So I bid you farewell being,
-'" •' Your very loving friend.

Fort James In New York this 13th day of October 1666.- Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv.
626.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

1666, Oct. 18th.

Eev. John Rulitius in the Chair.

A letter from Rev. John Megapolensis, pastor at Manhattan in
Kew E-etherland, addressed to Rev. Classis of Amsterdam, and
dated August 16, 1666, was read, embracing,

1. A defence of his Rev. respecting the transfer of that place

to the English.

2. A report of the condition of his church, viz. that there are
between three and four hundred communicants; and that that
place, together with the surrounding villages, is served by three
pastors, viz.. Rev. John Megapolensis, his son Samuel Megapo^
lensis, and Rev. Drisius; but that their salary is limited and

comes in slowly.

3. A request that, through the intercession of the Deputies of
the Rev. Classis with the Directors, he might obtain certain back
payments due to his Rev., but which still remain unpaid by the
Hon. West India Company, xxi. 32: also in Col. Docs. K Y.
xiii. 405. •

1666

584 Ecclesiastical Eecokds ■

Rev. Petrus Tesscheumaker.

1666, Oct. 25tli.

Rev. Peter Tessehenmaker, a proponent, (candidate) residing
at the Hague, asked, after handing in a certificate of his examina-
tion in the Classis of " Rheenen and Wyck ", that he may be re-
ceived as " recommended " by this Classis ; bnt inasmuch as he has
with him no church certificate, dated within the period of one year,
which was decreed and established as an express law at the Classis
of June 7, last ; therefore the granting of his request is postponed
(suspended) for the present, until such time and period as this
resolution shall be complied with by him. vi. 420.

*
Court Minutes of !N'ew Amsterdam.

1666, Oct. 30.

Jacques Cossaert requesting to know, from whom he is to get his commission of
four per centum which was allowed him on the 9th inst. by the Mayors Court for
collecting the money for the Clergy. It is apostilled as followeth: — The W: Court
order, that he shall be paid his commission out of the money he has collected for
the behoof of the Clergy. — Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. 6. p. 44.

1666, Dec. 10th.
Rev. James Heermans in the Chair.

The request of Rev. John Megapolensis, which was presented in
the meeting of the XIX, was rejected until his Rev. shall give
further satisfaction concerning the events at the surrender of New
!N"etherland to the English, xxi. 36. Also in Col. Docs. N. Y.
xiii. 405.

Reply of the West India Company to the Answer of Gover-
nor Stuyvesant.

1666.

To the fourth, In justification whereof he produces a declaration from the farmers
dwelling on his own Bouwery, he ought to blush to let people see by the aforesaid
Declaration that the farmers on the Manhattans, being busy with the harvest,
could not attend to threshing, and therefore must, including the Director's servants,
be Induced to do such work by prompt payment," just as if there should have been
any difficulty in forcing them to it. Under all circumstances, it was not necessary

OF THE State of Xew Yokk. 585

to have recourse to that, If it could be of no avail, seeing that, after so many
■warnings, the opportunity which existed previous to the arrival of the frigates, was
thrown away. And if the English frightened the farmers with threats of burning,
he ought to have constrained them by similar menaces to furnish him supplies, and
in case of neglect, at once to have made an example; unless, as is very probable,
the Director, some Councillors and Clergymen being Interested in Bouwerles would
likewise have to suffer In return. This is truly a matter that the Company cannot
think of without pain, seeing that the Province evidently failed to be supplied or
■defended. In order that private farms should not be destroyed. — Col. Docs. N. Y.
11. 495.

Thirdly, he alleges, that the Fort was encompassed round about by houses.
Truly a poor reason and still weaker, that he could not, on account of the damage
to the Burghers, resolve on pulling them down, as the Company in Us Observations
hath demonstrated, ought to have been done. For, here was no longer any question
of profit or loss to the Burghers who had abandoned the defence of the City. The
defence of the Fort only must be looked to, even though all the houses had to be
pulled down; for, the Fort, and consequently occupation, once lost, the State and
Company lost everything. But 'tis here again to be regretted that the Company
was served by men who preferred to save their own property, which they had
gained in the Company's employ, than to observe their oath and honor. The afore-
said Director would have easily enough resolved upon the pulling down of the
aforesaid buildings, were it not that Councillors and Clergymen were desirous of
saving their houses lying next the Fort; for, when the question of resistance or
fighting was under deliberation, it was openly stated In Council, that. If the people
should fight, the Commonalty must have a promise that the Company will indemnify
*very one who would suffer loss of house or goods; and that none of the Directors
would thank any man who may lose an arm or leg. 'Tis a matter of little moment
that the Burghers, when their houses would be pulled down, should be obliged to
retire into the Fort, and that tliclr wives and little ones could not find shelter there;
for he ought to have known that those who could not be accommodated, ought to
have looked out for a place of safety and retired there, as Secretary and Councillor
Van Iluyven took care to do for his wife, whom he sent with other women, not to
be troubled about them as he said, to the English, they being friends. This appears
by the certificate (L. K.) The aforesaid Director-General ought to have known that
he was not a Militia Captain, but a servant of the Company and Commander of Its
Fort, and have followed the example of many other Commandants who hiive, to
the utmost, defended for their masters the strongholds entrusted to them, even
though the cities may be all reduced, and did not suffer themselves to be moved by
the fiattering tongues of Preachers and others who were troubled about their
private property, without regarding the Interest of the State and Company. The
last consideration on the weakness of the aforesaid Fort, he founds on the number
of his enemies. But, having spoken hereof In the last of those Observations, the
Company will refer thereto and leave the said Director to answer what is contained
in the aforesaid deposition (L. K.), namely; that the force before the Fort was not
considerable enough to overcome It; and again only say, to put him to shame, that
'tis not true that they were unable to resist the encroachments and Incursions of
the New Knglanders previous to the arrival of the frigates, but that people (not-
withstanding Iterated orders) neither would nor dared offer opposition, all through
fear that here or there they might be Injured In their Bouwerles; the fact being,
by all reports, that this entire mob of lU-arnicd rebels was not a hundred and fifty
strong, and that their leader was not commissioned by any one, and conse(iuently.
If opposed, would not have received assistance from any quarter. — Col. Docs. N. Y.
II. 499, 500.

1666

But, coming to the third: Is It to be wondered at, that such a poor defence was
made? For he, himself, admits that he had neither ordered nor forbad firing. In

1666

586

Ecclesiastical Recokds

truth, whether this becomes a Director-General or not, the Company need not add
any more; it only says, that 'tis an action that never can be palliated in a Director
General, to stand between the gabions looking at two hostile frigates passing the
Fort and the mouths of twenty pieces of Cannon, several of them demi-cartoons,
and not give an order to prevent them, but, on the contrary, lend an ear to Clergy-
men and other craven-hearted people, pretending that he was wishing to order fire,
yet will allow himself to be led in from the rampart between the Clergymen, and
then for the first time, give himself any trouble after the frigates have passed,
when, for the first time, he will march forth to prevent a landing. — Col. Docs.
N. Y. li. 502.

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.

Feb. the 7th 1666/7.

At a Mayors Court held at New York._ Present Capt. Tho. d'Lauall, Mayor; Mr.
Olof Stevensen, Mr. Jo. Laurence, Mr. Corn. Steenwyk, Mr. Jo. de Peyster, Alder-
men; Mr. Allard Anthony, Sheriff.

The honnerable Mayor propoundinge to the Court that it was the honnerable
Governor's pleasure that this Town should maintain for one Teare Longer the
Ministers of this place, and whereas several persons where departed from this place
and others disinable to pay towards the same, whom the Last Yeare had
Subscribed —

It is Ordered that some of the Inhabitants should be sent for to appeare in Court
for to trye, or they would voluntarily Raise, the sums which they promised the Late
yeares to pay towards the maintenance of the Minister.

Names of the Persons who for One Yeare Longer have Voluntarily Promised to
pay towards the Maintenance of One of the Ministers Videllezit.

Beavers.

Abell Hardelbroeck fl. 8.

Balthazar d'Haer, continues as
afore.

Coenraet ten Eyck 12.

Christoffel Hooghlant 12.

Evert Duyckingh 5.

Fredrick Philipsen 24.

Fredrick Gysbertsen 12.

Jacques Cousseau continues at
two Bevers & profers two
Bevers more for them that are
disinabled to pay what they
have promised.

Mettle Wessels 8.

Nicolaes Meyed puts down 24.

Nicolaes Backer 8.

Francois Rombouts

Johannes de Peyster

Cornells Steenwick

Jacob Leysler

Tho. Hall

Tho. Levis

Symon Romeyn continues.

Isaack Bedloo

Poulus Leenders continues.

Pieter Alrigs

Johan d'Wit continues.
Jacob Hendricx Varrevanger . . .
Reynier vander Coele till May
next ensuing one Bever.

Warnaer Wessels

Wellem Abransen

Beavers.
. . fl.lO.
. . 16.

28.

12.

10.

12.

10.

12.

— Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. 6. 58, 59.

OF THE State of New Yoek. 587

1667

Classis of Amsteedam.

Correspondence from America.

Eev. Gideon Schaets to the Classis of Amsterdam.

May 7, (O. S.), 1667.
To the Reverend Brethren of the Classis of Amsterdam.
Dear and Reverend Brethren:

Through changes made by the English, our salary has not only
been diminished by two hundred g-uilders, but they have also for
some time past taken charge of the excise, out of which we were
formerly paid with great regularity; while noAV the salary is made
by collections from house to house, in the congregation. But
the people are mostly needy themselves by the failure of trade.
Therefore my pay is not only not forthcoming, but what is given,
is proffered in wampum, or grain, which, before I receive it, costs
twenty five guilders, but for which I have to pay the merchants
thirty five and often forty guilders, in wampum, for five bushels
(schepels). For a beaver I have to give from seven to eight
guilders in corn; and they never have a beaver skin for the teacher.
It is also to be feared, that permission will be given for the
opening of a trading house. This will compell all the people to
remove, as they are daily doing now. Therefore notliing else
is to be expected, than a general exodus. However, I di^ not
intend to leave, although I must remain a penniless tram]) in
prison; for I have not the means to get away. Nevertheless,
with the help of God, it is my hope to come over to Patria,
accompanied by my sons, who here can only come to grief; and
as for the rest of my family, I hope the Lord will grant us relief.
Therefore, I humbly request the Rev. Brethren to turn their eyes
in commiseration upon their unworthy brother's condition, so that
if the loving God permits, we may reach our Fatherland in good
health. I wish in one way or the other to continue the service

588 Ecclesiastical Records

to whic^li the Lord has called me, either at home or in foreign
lands, and thus run mj race, and serve in some hamlet or other.
Trusting, that the Reverend Brethren will act according to their
christian and brotherly inclination, I close herewith, and com-
mend them all to the care of God, to bless them, individually

and collectively in their work; and may it tend to the honor of
his name, to the growth of his church, and of their congregations,
and to their own salvation. Amen.

Tour Reverences humble brother and co-worker
in the vineyard of the Lord,

Gideon Schaets.
Done at ISTew Albany,
the Yth of May 1667,
old style.

CoTJET Minutes of Kew Amsterdam.

166T, June 18.

Whereas the General has complained to his Worshipful Court, that many persons
fall to pay the money promised by them for the support of the preachers, the fol-
lowing order Is sent to the Deacons by direction of the Worshipfull Court: —

Whereas divers complaints have been made to us the Mayor and Aldermen of
this City of New York regarding the non-payment of the promised and fixed
salary of the Ministers of this City, Therefore we do hereby order and command
by and with the advise of the Honorable Governor, all the inhabitants of this City,
who are in arrears to the said Salary, promptly to pay their dues on this warning,
and the Deacons of this City are requested to collect the same from said persons
with the Collector Jacques Cossaert, and to exert all possible means to promote
the collection of said arrears. Ady as above: — Records of New Amsterdam, Vol.
6, 8. 79.

Synod of North Holland, at Edam.

1667, Aug. 8 et seq.
Art. 12. Indian Affairs.

Extract from a letter from Rev. John Megapolensis, minister
at Manhattan in ]^ew !N'etherland, of date August 16, 1666.

1. There is a defense, on his part, regarding the transfer of
that place to the English.

2. An account of the state of that church: namely, that there
are between three hundred and four hundred communicants

OF THE State of Xew York. 589

1667

therein. That this place and the surrounding villages are now

served bv three ministers, namely, Eev. John Megapolensis, his

son, and Eev. Drisius, but that their salary is meager, and comes

in slowly.

Art. 53. Ministerial Changes in the Classis of Amsterdam:

Died: Rev. Casparus de Carpentier, minister at Amsterdam.
Came in: Eev. Henricus Selyns, to Waverveen.

Acts of the Classis of Amsteedam.

Aegidius Luyck.

1667, Aug. 15th.

Eev. Aegidius Luyck, a candidate, recommended here, and who
has heretofore been in New Netherland as Eector, and who now
thinks of going thither again, asks if he may not be allowed to be
qualified (ordained) in that land, if opportunity offered, and be
advanced to the Sacred Ministry. "Wbereupon it was resolved
that inasmuch as the Government there has been changed, and
that country now belongs to the English, that the Deputati ad
causas communicate in regard to this matter with the Messrs.
Directors (of the "West India Company) in order to deliberate
what more may be fruitfully done l\v us in belialf of the churches
in that country, vi. 437.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Guilhelmus Neiuwenhuysen, Candidate.

16G7, Aug. 16th.

Stood Mathin Eev. Guilhelmus Nieuwenhuysen, a candidatua,
who was received in March last as recommandatus by the Eev.
Classis. He now asks to bo advanced to the service of the foreign
churches. Thereupon a proposition (sermon) was heard from
him, Coram Classe, which gave much pleasure, and his request
was granted, vi. 438.

1667

590 Ecclesiastical Records

Aegidius Liiyck.

1667, Aug. 29th.

Eev. Aegidius Luyck repeats his request, made at the last
Classis. In regard to this it was reported that the Messrs. Di-
rectors could do nothing more in the premises. Wherefore it
was resolved to let this matter take its course, and to recom-
mend him to keep himself in genere to the regulations of the
church; and to keep in correspondence with our l^etherland
churches, vi. 438.

Colonel ISTicolls to the Reveeend Father Pierron.

^ Fort Albany 10/20 October 1667.

Sir:--

Having seen your very agreeable letter to Madame de Corlart of the 13th 7ber,
and also another to Mr. Halns, I feel very glad to be here to communicate briefly
my sentiments to you thereon; but seeing by the commencement of yours to
Madame de Corlart that you have thoroughly learned the English language, I dare
no longer hazard my bad French style, fearing to appear very Ignorant before you,
as I am in fact of your tongue. Therefore it is, I now beglnn in plaine English to
let you know that if you please to give me a meeting at Schonestade I shall be
glad to see you and to serue you in what you seeme to desire towards yout'
winters prouislon. ,

Wee have lately received newes from Bilboe fyall and other places that the
peace Is concluded between the Crownes of England and France, although I have
yet no expresse letters from his Majesty of England to that purpose; and wee doe
confidently beleeue those warrs are ended as also that the French army hath taken
severall Townes in Flanders which news I perceiue you haue also met Withall.

Howeuer, to a person of your profession and meritt, I should at any Time
willingly accept an Enterview without entring into discourse of Politique Affaires.
Therefore this present letter is expressly sent in Place of a Passeport to giue you
full assurance of your freedome to come to Schoneistade and to returne at your
liberty and if you please_ to bring one more in your Company upon the same terms
I shall endeavour to answer you your desires. Be pleased to come with all Expedi-
tion as I haue but a little time to spend in the and you will find mee

next Munday and till Tuesday att noone in Schoneistade attending your answer;
you may easily and with the most Expedition make the voyage in a Canoe down
the river; otherwise I would have sent horses for your accomodation. If you
cannot lay hold of this present opportunity the Liberty I have now glven_ will
neither serue you nor mee to those clvill purposes whereunto In person I am now
ready to comply, bee pleased to send mee your speedy answer by this bearer in
case you are not disposed to take so sudden a Voyage.
I am your very humble servant,

R. Nlcolls.— Col. Docs. N. Y. III. 162.
A Monsieur le Reverend Pere Jean Pierron
au Chasteau Tionnontogon,* ,»

soit donne. "

* Capital of the Mohawk country.

OF THE State of New York. 591

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.

r 1667, Nov. 19.

Att a Mayors Court held att New Torek. Present Mr. O. Stevensen, Depty Mayor;
Mr. Jo. Laurence, Mr. Jo. d'Peyster, Mr. Isaacq Bedloo, Aldermen.

On this day have the honnerable Court made Cholze off the following persons
to be Kerckmasters or Churchmasters for one whole Yeare commencing from the
date hereof to Witt Mr. Jeronlmua Ebbing & M. Cornells Van Ruyven.

N. B. The forme of the Election is to be found in date the 13th of June Anno
1666. — Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. 6. p. 103.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.
The Four Persons Selected for the Indian Churches Approved.

1668, Jan. 2nd.

Kev. Deputati ad causas Indicas report, that they had presented
four persons selected for the service of the Indian churches, to
the Messrs. Directors, and had obtained their gracious approval.
Thereupon they had called this meeting to examine the two can-
didates, Revs. Rynsdyck and Cascarius; also that Ing. Osdorpius
having resigned from the church of Curacoa, that place was now
vacant, and it would be seasonable to supply said church with a
capable person. Thereupon stood within, and was heard, Ing.
Lucas Osdorpius himself, who requested to be dismissed from
the church of Curacoa, and that he might have a certificate given
him of his peremptory (final) examination, as well as of his ordi-
nation, which took place among us. Both of these requests were
granted him.

Whereupon then stood within several candidates who offered
to go out to the service of Curacoa. As first, Ing. Wilhelmus
Nieuwenhuyscn, candidate at ITaerlem, and besides, Ing. Phil-
lippus Specht, Rector at Culenborgh; Ing. Albertus Stniys, for-
merly preacher (chaplain) to the St. Admiral Meppel, from whom
ho shows a very laudable testimonial; Ing Theodorus Stipel, pro-
ponent (candidate) here.

Besides these were recommended also, although ab.-^ont: Ing.
Rudolphus Meerlant, candidate at Ysselstein; Ing. Lnurcntius

1668

592 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

Hemmelingh, proponent (candidate) at Lejden. It was resolved
to reduce applicants to the number of three. There then re-
mained as follows: Ing. Wilhelmus Meuwenhuysen, Ing. Phil-
lippus Specht, Ing. Theodorus Stipel; of these there was elected by
a plurality of votes, Ing. Meuwenhuysen, who shall be presented
to the Directors, immediately, if practicable. vL 444. xix. 133.

Court Minutes of ^STew Amsterdam.

Abram de la Noy petitions to be allowed to teach.

Jan. 11, 1668.

The petition of Abram d'La Noy being considered and read in Court, requesting
In substance, that this W: Court will be pleased to admit him as Schoolmaster
within this City, and to grant certificate of privelege thereof. It is apostilied as
follows: — The petitioner Is admitted as Schoolmaster within this City, on condition,
that he submit himself to the orders of this Court, already enacted or to be
enacted herein. — Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. 6. p. 115.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Ing. Wilhelmus Nieuwenhuysen.

1668, Jan. 30th.

The Rev. Deputies on the churches in foreign lands report,,
that they had made every endeavor to secure the approval of the
Directors of the West India Company for Ing. Wilhelmus Niuew-
onhuysen, chosen by this Rev. Classis for the service of the
church of Curacoa. He was, however, rejected by their Honors,
who declared that in due time, they would themselves look about
for the proper material, and would inform us. Whereupon, they
were again earnestly urged this morning, in reference to the
matter, but they declared that they persisted in their former reso-
lution. From this circumstance much evil seems to have been
done by several candidates, who, after having offered their ser-
vices to them, had now been rejected by the Directors. On
account of this the Deputies shall take them in hand, and if found
guilty, punish them as the circumstances may require, and admon-
ish them as to the future. As to the special case, inasmuch as
it seems impracticable to secure Ing. Kieuwenhuysen, it was

OF THE State of Is'ew York. 593

resolved to abandon his promotion, and without delay to resume
the nomination of the five persons made at the last Classis, viz. :
Ing. Phil. Specht, Theodore Stipel, Albertus Strujs, Rudolphus
Meerlant, Laurentius Bermelingh, (or Hemmelingh,) with the
addition of Ing. Petrus Durant. These were finally narrowed
down to two, viz., Ing. Specht and Stipel. Of these Ing. Phil-
lippus Specht was elected. He shall be presented, by the Eev.
Deputies, at the first opportunity, to the Messrs. Directors, and
their gracious approval be requested, vi. 446. xix. 134.

Certificate of Ex-Dutch Offcials as to the Dutch Loyalty
OF Pev. John Megapolensis, Aug. 27, 1668.

As it is our duty to give testimony of the truth, especially when
requested so to do: therefore we, the undersigned, the late Direc-
tor-General, the Burgomasters and Pulers, attest and declare as
truth that the Pev. Domine Johannes Megapolensis, who has been
preacher here for more than nineteen years, did, at the surrender
of this place act no otherAvase, either in word, counsel or deed, so
far as we know, than it was the duty of a faithful subject of their
High Mightinesses, the Lords, the States-General and of the pri\'i-
leged West India Company and as was proper for a godly and
pious preacher to act on such an occasion; nor has anything else
ever come to our knowledge. In testimony wliereof this has been
signed on tlie Island of Manhattan at New York, formerly called
is'ew Amsterdam, this 27th of August 1668.

Oloff Stevenson van Cortlandt. P. Stuyvcsant.

P. L. van der Grift. Tiniothcus Gabry

Isaack Grevenraat

(Endorsed) Nicolaes dc Meyer.

Father's certificate
concerning the invasion of
ITew Nethorland.

Also in Col. Docs. X. Y. xiii. 416.
38

1668

594 Ecci^EsiASTiCAL Recokds

Acts of the Deputies.

1668, August 27th.
Rev. Luke Vinckius in the Chair,

Rev. Herman Bloem, "o:ho was sent bj our Rev. Classis as pastor
to Esopus in New ISTetherland in the year 1660, has now returned.
He has given an account of his experiences, and exhibited a lawful
dismissal, and a good testimonial. He requests the assistance of
the Rev. Brethren with the Dire<itors of the West India Company
that he may obtain what his Reverence deems as his just claim
for transportation and board. Whereupon the Rev. Brethren
resolved to send his Rev. to the Classis, that he may there make
a complete report, and present his foregoing request, xxi. 65.

Also in Col. Docs. N". Y. xiii. 416.

Rev. Hermanns Blom.

1668, Sept. 3rd.

Rev. Hermanns Blom, late minister in ISTew ISTetherland, in the
village of Wiltwyck, having handed in very laudable testimonials
from his respective churches, and having given an account of the
state of the same, asks further the favor of the Rev. Brethren
that he may be advanced, at an opportune time, in the home
church. The Rev. Classis having taken satisfaction in his testi-
monial, accedes to his request. Rev. Blom also asks that a regort
may be made of his edifying ministry there (at Wiltwyck) to the
Hon. Directors of the West India Company, in the hope that
something may be granted him on the arrears in his salary. The
Rev. Classis accedes fully to his request, and commended this
matter to the Deput. ad res. Maritimas. vi. 463. xix. 137.

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.

Election of Orphan-masters.
f Sept. 4, 1668.

Att a Mayors Court held at New York. Present Mr. Cornells Steenwyke, Mayor;
Mr. Ralph Whitfield, Capt. Matthias Nicolls, Mr. Isaacq Bedloo, Mr. Francois Boon,
Mr. Christoflfel Hooghlant, Aldermen; Capt. Jno. Manninge. Sheriff e.

On this day received from his Honor the Governor Coll. Francis Lovelaice a
Warrant, Directed to the Mayor for the Publishing of a day of humiliation to be

OF THE State of Xew Yoek. 595

held In this Citty on Tuesday Next ensuing being the 8th of this Instant month
of September, and was Published and fixed up at the Usual places.

Whereas the Late Overzeers of Orphans or Weesmasters have served out their
time and it being Necessary that in their roomes some other fit persons should
be appointed, We the Mayor and Aldermen of New Yorcke have made Cholze of
Mr. Poulus Leendersen Van de Grift, Mr. Johannes Van Brugh & Johannes De
Peyster to be Weesmasters for one whole Yeare Commencing from the date hereof
& Explringe the 4th day of September Anno 1669: And the Late Weesmasters
are hereby required to Deliver up unto the said persons, all the Estate of Orphans
now remaining In their Custody; dated as abovesald.

On this day this Worshipfull Court made Cholze of Mr. Corn: Van Ruyven Si
Ffredrlck Philips to be Church-masters or Kerkmasters for one whole Yeare
Comenclng from the date hereof etc. I

N Bene, the forme Was, the same forme of ye Weesmasters here above. — Records
of New Amsterdam, Vol. 6, p. 144.

Rev. Samuel Megapolensis to a Feiend.

1668, Sept. 7th.
Eeverend Sir : —

Shortly after the transfer of New Netherland (to the English)
I forwarded some letters to you, in which I ^vrote that I then
hoped that things were going to better themselves, generally, with
US', but time has brought us a different experience. I do not think
it advisable to enter into particulars, as the letter in crossing the
ocean may fall into the hands of the enemy, and be opened; for
they are an inquisitive people. ^Nevertheless this much may be
said : We have frequently hitherto complained to our rulers in
relation to our small salaries. They do not reach more than five
hundred guilders at most, while the expense of clothes, etc., is as
great here as in the Fatherland. And even this small amount is
irregularly paid, not at the appointed time, but little by little,
and that in the uncurrent money of this country. (See letter of
Schaats, May 7th 1667.) Hence much of it is lost when taken
by the merchants, as Domine Blom has doubtless orally informed
you. The manner also in which the above mentioned sum is
collected is unpleasant and degrading, and altogether unusual in
our Dutch nation. They go around from house to house to col-
lect the salary, and you may imagine the slights and murniurings
occasioned thereby concerning the ministry and the ministers.

1668

590 Ecclesiastical Records

Moreover the first year I was here, I did not receive a cent of
salary. Abominations and scandalous sins are daily committed
here, and remain unpunished. How an improvement of this state
of affairs among us is to be secured, does not appear. I also
apprehend such modifications in the condition of the church, as I
shall not be able to acquiesce in. The labors of the ministry are
now much more burdensome than they ever were before under
the Dutch government; for there are now five separate places in
which we must render services. Some of these are as much as
three (Dutch, nine English) miles distant. This service must be
rendered in both hot and cold weather; and the extremes are
much greater here than in the Eatherland. In the fall and spring
the weather is very changeable and stormy. Hence we are some-
times in danger of our life, and may very easily meet with acci-
dents, incapacitating us for service. Under this English govern-
ment the case is thus : when the labor ceases, the salary also
ceases. In view of these and other circumstances, I have not the
resolution to continue here longer. It is therefore my request
that you would give me your aid in obtaining my dismission from
the Rev. Classis. If it be practicable, let it be done without public
notice; for as you know that the English preachers (here) hold
correspondence with the preachers in England, if it should be-
come known here, it might prove injurious to me; for I know there
is a determination to cross the path of those who are about to
remove. Besides circumstances may so alter, that I may change
my resolution. It is therefore my humble request, that you
would effect this in the manner indicated. I shall however be sat-
isfied with your wise and prudent judgement, not doubting but
that you will be diligent in procuring my letter of dismission,
that it may be sent to you (me?) by the first ships. If necessary
I shall then be able to make use of it; and as I came here by
Classical authority, I may return by the same. Will you be so
good as to let me know what opportunities offer in your country
for a call and settlement. In the promotion of this in my behalf.

OF THE State of ISTew York. 597

I am sure your kindness and aid will not be withheld, as I have
already had sufficient proof of this in behalf of me and mine. I
have also written on this subject to F. Homma. You will under-
stand whether it is necessary for you to confer with him.

In reference to the church, and ecclesiastical matters generally
in this country, as you may gather from what is stated above,
little that is good can be said. If the Lord will, I shall soon have
an opportunity to communicate verbally with you. In the mean-
time I may say that the Lord begins to deal in judgement with his
people. He has visited us with dysentery, which is even now in-
creasing in virulence. Many have died of it, and many are lying
fiick. We are also threatened by the Indians who have already
an agent among the English, in a town just settled, and openly
threaten war. It appears as if God were punishing this land
for its sins. Some years (ago) there appeared a meteor in the
air. Last year we saw a terrible comet in the west, a little above
the horizon, with the tail upward, and hanging over this place.
It showed itself for about eight days, and then disappeared. So
we fear God's judgements, but supplicate his favor. Accept my
salutations, while I remain.

Yours dutifully,

Samuel Megapolensis.
ISTew York,
Sept. 7, 16G8.

ADMINISTRATION OF GOV. FRANCIS LOVELACE.

Sept. 17, 16G8-1673, Aug. ».

An Answer to the Desires of the Inhabitants of the Esopus tendered to me 24th of

September, 1«68.

1668

3. For the Preachers Howry which Is at the New Dorpo It being not within their
lymltts I conceive It concerncs them not since I am resolved to make that a dis-
tinct towne and to those that shall settle there It properly belongs to clayme the
right If any be though since It be forfeited to his Uoyall Hlghnesse by nn Escheate
I see no reason, why he should be deprived of his right. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xlll. 41S.

1668

598 Ecclesiastical Records

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Blom.

1668, Oct. 1st.

Rev. Hermaiius Blom, having not yet presented himself to the
Deputies ad res Indicas, his request and business remain in statu.
vi. 468.

Letters from Drisius.

1668, Oct. 1st.

Rev. Dep. Vinkius handed in a certain letter from Rev. Dries-
ius, touching the state of the churches in 'New !N'etherland. Its
consideration is postponed to the next Classis, which mil he held
on jSTovember 5th, when Rev. Jacobus Clerquius shall preside.
vi. 470. xix. 138.

Rev. Blom.

1668, Xov. 5th.

Rev. Deputati on Indian affairs, report that they have conferred
with the Directors of the West India Company in regard to the
arrears of his salary, and had received from them the reply that
they had appointed commissioners in his case, in order to deal
with him in accordance with right and fairness. The result of this
must be awaited, vi. 471.

Letters from Drisius.

1668, Nov. 5th.

"Was read a certain letter from Rev. Samuel Drisius, of ISTew
York, of July 30th, 1668, relating the condition and amenities
of the church and church services there. This is received simply
as information, vi. 471.

The Governor's Letter to Mr. James, Minister of East

Hampton.

I received your letter of the 9th of November by Frank ye Indian and am heartily
glad to see that the same hand that has Inflamed your heart with a desire of
aduanclng ye Gospell of Christ in the conversion of the Gentiles and bringing them
to the knowledge of his Law has likewise bestowed on you the spirit of perseuer-
ance in so glorious a work as will undoubtedly not only crown you with comfort

OF THE State of New York. .lOO

aud peace of mind here but with eternall beatitude and joy above your follows
hereafter for if he that saues a soule shall shine as a starr in heaven what a
glorious lustre may that person expect that shall saue nations, goe on therefore
and prosper and be assured there shall be nothing wanting in my parte to aduance
BO worthy a worke if you but put me in the way.

I very much approue of your composure of a catecblsme which as it was the
primitive way of instruction so it is most practicable at this time for those darke
Boules who being not yet ariu'd to that degree which the Apostle speaks of, of being
but babes in Christ, are therefore to be esteemed but as embryos in Christianity, so
that the sincere milk of the word Is euen too strong for their Infant digestion. A
Stimulation to vertue must therefore be the first worke though it were but
Buch as was eminent in the ancient Romans who as the Apostle observes
were by instinct of nature a Law unto themselves to check their appetite
to any licentlousnesse and irregularltyes, in your catechism care would be had
that the composure thereof be gentle and easy so that reason may be the hand
maid to Religion, and not to puzzle them with those Arcanas (raysteryes of salva-
tion) which as they will be very difflcult to Instill them in their myndcs (being the
proper objects of faith) so the difficulty of their comprehensions might make them
weary and desire a release of that burthen which their myndes are not able to
beare for nothing is a greater heauinesse to it than a desire to apprehend th.it which
the soule at that time is not able to comprehend, easy Interrogatoryes will there-
fore be most suitable and I would adulse you that some proper chapters might be
recommended such as might make them In lone and desirous to proceed in the read-
ing of scriptures but above all be carefuU that there be good examples sett them
by those whome they conuerse with lest that they finding our practice is not pro-
porconable to our precepts might make them haue a light esteeme of what you
would desire to Instruct them in. To facilitate your worke in which you desire
that certain dayes may be appointed that so the Indians may the better know when
and where to attend you I shall not determine that posltiuely but leave it to ye
consideration of the Comrs. whome I hatie appointed to take a strict care to that
particular as well as to the regulation of other affaires, that shall happen betwixt
them and the Christians, and therefore make the best oontrivement for the present
till the spring when (by God's permission) I will be with you to order and rectify
any convenience that shall appear to the carrying on so charitable a work.

For the clrcumiacent Colonyes to be contrlbutary to the support, I hope It will
not be necessary for I doubt not by the rcpresentacon of. your pious Imllnatlon
to my Mr. his Royali Hignnesse but to procure you ye exhibition as may both
support you in that ministry and give further externall Incourngenient to your
new Proselytes. That which I shall desire from you at present Is the Catecblsme
with some few select chapters and Laudatory Psalms fairly transcrlbnl in the
Indian Language which I will send over to England and have quant Ityes of
them printed, and if you (hinke It necessary I conceive a small bonk such as shall
only serue to the Instructing ye Indians to read may likewise be comjUled and
Bent to them All which so soone as I shall receive from you 1 shall speedily
dispatch to England and with the first opportunity you may expect a returne of
them though I am not out of hopes ere long lo have n printer here of my owne
bauing already sent to Boston for one bnt.whotlu-r I shall speed or no I am
uncertalne.

So soone as I can be furnlsh't with an able Person to attend the ministry In your
place I will entertalne him and then totally free yo>i from your charge th.tt soe
you may attend that worke only which God bath put Into your heart to performe,
to the aduancement of which I shall pray tJod to direct you.

I have according to your Instruction made much of ITrank haning entertained
him kindly at my house duerlng his abode here, and at his departure funilsht
him with a new garment I look on him according to your obsernatlon. as a person
of a more then ordinary Capacity and therefore (If fltt npplb-atlons be made) may
easily be drnwne oner to the great encouragement of his fellowes, who doubt-
lesse will bo much benefitted by examples of their own stnnipe.

Sr. I shall detalne you no longer, hauing as I conceive answered the moat
materlall partes of your letter and If anything be allpt my obaeruatlon pray
remynde me of It by the next Conuenlency.

1668

600 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

To Conclude I shall recommend you and your endeavours to the allsufflcient
grace of the Almighty who hauing Inclined your heart to will may liliewise estab-
lish your mind to doe, and may both tend to his glory the building up of the
Church of Christ here and the endless comfort and saluation of yourselfe and
those that shall be committed to your charge I remaine,

Your afCectionate friend,

Fran: Lovelace.
Fort James ye 19th
of November 1668.

Pray commend me lilndly to all our friends Captain Younge and the rest though
unknowne to them. I long very much till the tyme affords me an opportunity of
seeing you.— Col. Docs, N. Y, xlv. 610, 611, 612.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies,

1669, Jan. 21st.
Rev. Luke Yinckius in the Chair.

A long letter from Rev. Samuel Megapolensis, dated Sept. 7,
1668, at !N^ew York, was read by the Chairman. Therein he com-
plains at length of the unfavorable conditions of the church, and
of affairs in general there, and seems to desire his dismissal (from
that field) by the Rev. Classis, and a summons (to return). It was
resolved, therefore, to communicate said letter to the first meeting
of the Classis which may be held. xxi. Yl.

Feb. 16, 1668-9.

Evert Pietersen, Schoolmaster and Precentor requests payment
of his earned salary, and further allowance for his future services.

a confiemacon from ye governoe of what proceedings weee
Done in ye Cause Betweene Me. Feancis Doughty of I!Tew
TowNE AND Me. Jno. Hicks, Captain Jno. TJnderhill and
William Lawrence Etc.

Whereas a matter of difference betweene Mr. Ffrancis Doughty of New Towne,
on the behalfe of Mr. Ffrancis Doughty his father, heretofore Minister of Pflush-
ing, and Mr. John Hicks, Captain John Underbill and Mr. William Lawrence, for
themselves and ye rest of ye inhabitants then of that Towne, concerning a certaine
salary or yearly allowance to be paid unto ye said Mr. Doughty for his paines in
ye Ministry amongst them hath been heard and debated at several Courts of
Assizes, wherein Mr. Doughty's case was found very equitable. And it being made
appear to ye said Court that ye sum of six hundred guilders good pay was ten-
dered to ye said Minister but that he refused to accept thereof there being much
more thought to be due unto him. However at ye last Generall Court of Assizes
it being thought fltt and ordered that ye said sume of six hundred guilders should

OF THE State of I^ew York. 601

be paid unto ye said Mr. Doughty or his assigns In full of all demands but in
regard there appeared difficulty in ye levying thereof, ye Court having referred
ye whole matter to Mr. James Hubbard, Mr. Richard Betts, and Mr. Robert Coe
as Commissioners to examine Into and give In their report, to ye last Court of
sessions, how ye same should be levyed and paid, which accordingly ye said Com-
missioners did In wryting, and under their hands, and the said Court (who were
Ordered so to determyne the cause as to admltt of no further delay or hearing)
allowed thereof onely suspended ye putting ye same in execucon until I should
be acquainted therewith Now after due consideration had of ye p'mlsses I do
hereby certify and declare that I doe allow of and conflrme what ye Comrs. afore-
named and ye Court of Sessions have done in this matter; And do likewise Order
that ye same be speedily put In execution in ye same manner and according to
ye Tenor of ye said Comrs. Result and report, both as to ye levying and prln-
cipall sum of six hundred guilders and ye charges occasioned by ye suite. Unless
ye persons appointed to collect ye same shall agree amongst themselves upon
some other more speedy and easy way for the collection thereof then by ye Comrs.
is proposed. The charges are to be stated by — And all persons concerned, are
hereby required to forebare any further cavllls or contests upon this account as
they will answer the contrary at their perils. Given under my hand at Fort James
In New York this 27th day of March 1669.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 619, 62w.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Correspondence from America.

1669, April 17/27.

Rev. John Megapolensis to the Classis of Amsterdam.

(There is also an abstract of this in Acts of Deputies, xxi. 79;
and in Acts of I^orth Holland Synod, 1669, Art. 8.)

Reverend, Pious and Learned Fathers and Brothers in Christ
Jesus : —
The West India Company unjustly withholds two thousand
florins, justly owing me for salary, and due to me before the
change of government by the surrender of the place to the Eng-
lish, They falsely accuse me of treachery, of which, they say,
I was guilty at the surrender to the English. But how wrongly I
was accused of this, your Reverences have been able to under-
stand by the defense which I sent you in my reply. I doubt not
but that the Rev. Classis have done their duty in my behalf with
the Hon. Directors for my vindication, and to obtain for me the
salary due; but I have not yet received a distinct answer from the
Rev. Classis. I hope, however, that the Rev. Classis wnll continue
to look kindly upon me.

1669

602 Ecclesiastical Records

Concerning the circumstances and condition of the congre-
gation here, the Kev. Classis will learn everything clearly and in
detail from the mouth of my son Samuel. He has been preacher
here, and knows them as well as I do, and therefore I did not wish
to write more in detail about them. On Sundays we have many
hearers. People crowd into the church, and apparently like the
sermon; but most of the listeners are not inclined to contribute
to the support and salary of the preacher. They seem to desire,
that we should live upon air and not upon produce. We have
several times spoken to our Governor, but he answers, that if the
Dutch will have divine service their own way, then let them also
take care of and support their own preachers, and thus nothing
is done for our salary. Time must show how this will end. There-
fore my son Samuel has given warning to the congregation here,
that he will give up serving them and take his leave. He has
determined to sail from here to the Fatherland, in order to obtain
a better position there. I have no donbt but that the Rev.
Classis will kindly assist him, and that when occasion offers he
will again be employed in the service of the Church. Domine
Drisius and I are old men, of nearly the same age. Time must
show how it will turn out with us; meanwhile we shall do our
duty and attend to our service. I trust that God, who has hitherto
taken care of me from my youth, when I relinquished Popery,
and was thrust out at once from my inherited estate, will also
henceforth take care of me during the short remainder of my
life. I am now sixty five years old and have been a preacher
about forty years. Of this time I have been twenty seven years
here, and the remainder in JSTorth Holland. But a thought often
occurs to me, and troubles me. It is. What will become of the
congregation here, when I and Domine Drisius are dead. Since
they care so little for a decent support of their preacher, I can-
not see how they will procure another.

There is still another difficulty. The Lutherans here have
obtained a preacher from Amsterdam and received him with great
kindness. When we are dead, I fear there will be great con-

OF THE State of New York. 603

fusion and scattering among our people at this place. Yet God
can turn everything to the best, and give us a good deliverance.
Closing I commend your Reverences to the strength of the All
High.

Your obedient brother in Christ,
Johannes Megapolensis, Eccl.
'New York in America,

Island of Manhattans,
lT/27 April 1GG9.

[Another translation. Doc. Hist. N. Y. xiii. 423-4.]

New Netherland.

1669, July 1st.

Rev. Henricus Selyns makes known that there has been sent
him a certain complaint from the church of New Netherland,
written by Rev. Driesius, in which he asks advice from this Clas-
sis. It is of this purport; that a certain person there, having
slept with, and afterwards married, his (deceased) wife's half
sister, it is asked if that marriage is held to be laAN'ful; and if
not, whether that person may be admitted to the communion.
Inasmuch as the condition of that country is changed, not being
under the same (political) constitution, as formerly, the Assem-
bly excuses it self from replying to this question, nomine Classis;
but will be glad if Rev. Selyns would write in answer thereto,
as a private individual, vi. 488.

Rev. Megapolensis.

1669, July 1st.

Stood within Rev. Samuel !^^egapolensis, late minister in New
Nctherland. He handed in his dismissal, and a church certificate
of liis deportment there, with the request that this Assembly would
please to aid him with the Directors of the West India Company
that he may receive his salary. He tells at the same time of the
deplorable state of the church there, in that no arrangements are
made for the payment of the salary of the ministers of God's

1669

604 Ecclesiastical Records

"Word. He also requests of this Rev. Classis that he may be recom-
mended to the churches in the country here in preference to others.
He hands in also a letter from his father, Rev, John Megapolensis,
still minister there, who also complains that his salary is getting
in arrears, with a dissertation on the difficulties which he appre-
hends for the church there. Regarding the first request, the As-
sembly grants permission to Rev. Samuel Megapolensis to request
the Rev. Brethren, Committee ad causas Indicas, to aid him with
the Directors in such a way as they shall deem prudent. As to
the second request the Assembly receives him, like all others recom-
mended, and will remember him data occasione. vi 488, 489.

xix. 139.

^Nicholas Gouverneur.

1669, July 1st.

Nicholas Gouverneur, son-in-law of Rev. Dreisius, minister in
^ew Ketherland, states in the name of his father-in-law, that the
Honorable Company is far behind in their payments to him ; that
he has frequently made appeals to the Directors, and now requests
the assistance of this Assembly in the matter. This, like the
proceeding, is commended to the Deputati ad causas Indicas. vi.
489, xix. 140.

Acts of the Deputies.

1669, July 3rd.

Rev. Laurentius in the Chair.

Touching the salaries of the Revs. Megapolensis, father and
son, and Rev. Drisius, to which reference is made in the minutes
of the regular meeting of the Classis, July 1, 1669, (See Acta
Classis Ordinariae,) it was resolved, on account of the reiterated
requests concerning said salaries, to speak privately to some of the
Directors of the West India Company, to discover how the matter
now stands -svith their Honors. Further action can then be taken
after inquiry into this business. The Committee appointed for
this purpose are Revs. Chairman Laurentius, and Woodward,
(pastor of the English-speaking Presbyterian Church in Amster-
dam.) xxi. 76.

OF THE State of New Yokk. 605

Rev. Drisius.

1669, July 29th.

It was reported by Rev. Deputati ad causas Indicas, that Rev.
Drisius, of whom mention was made in previous acta, has obtained
a complete settlement and order for payment from the West India
Company, This is noted down pro memoria, and Rev. Deputati
are thanked for the trouble they have taken. \'i. 493. xix. 141.

Rev. Schaats.

1669, July 29th.

There was read a letter from Rev. Gideon Schaats, minister at
Eort Orange (Albany) in ISTew l^etherland. In this he declares
that inasmuch as in that place, he no longer receives any salary,
since the transfer of the country to the English, he has no means
of subsistence. He is therefore inclined to come over to this
country, and requests in that case, the favor of this Rev. Chassis
for his advancement. The Assembly will refrain from action
until he shall have come over, and will then act as circumstances
may require, vi. 493; xix. 141.

Acts of the Deputies.

Salary of Rev. Drisius.

1669, Aug. 5th.

As to the salary of Rev. Drisius: the same has been settled by
the Messrs. Directors of the West India Company, to the satisfac-
tion of his son-in-law, Gouvemeur. xxi. 80.

Synod of Xohtii IIoll,vnd, at Haarlem.

1669, Aug. 6 et seq.

Art. 8. Indian Affairs.

On the oecnsion of the i'c:uHng of the !Mli Article, treating of

the state of the Indian cliurchcs and other clnirchcs beyond the

seas, the Rev. Brotlircn of the Classes of Amsterdam, Hoorn and

Enckhuysen handed over and read extracts from letters from India

1669

606 Ecclesiastical Records

1669

and New Netherland ; and the list of the ministers and visitors

of the sick who had been sent abroad.

Extract from a letter from Eev. John Megapolensis, dated 15/25
April, 1669, at ISTew York on the Island of Manhattan, in
America.

1. He complains once more that his salary is so far in arrears ;
with the request that the Classis would please lend him a helping
hand in procuring the same from the Messrs. Directors of the
West India Company.

2. He excuses himself for having contributed to any extent
towards the surrender of those regions to the English.

3. Regarding the composition (constitutie) of the church there
he refers himself for the original statement in the report of his
Bon Samuel Megapolensis, who was minister there, and has now
returned to the Fatherland.

4. Meanwhile, he states that there was good diligence there
in hearing the sermons, but little or no inclination to contribute
anything towards the support of the preachers.

5. He makes known, finally, that in case of their death, (Mega-
polensis and Drisius) the church would run great risk of being
scattered; especially because a Lutheran pastor, (Pharheer,
pfarrer), had arrived there from Amsterdam. He had been re-
ceived with much enthusiasm by the Lutherans, who are numer-
ous there ; but that he and his colleague, Rev. Drisius, would faith-
fully watch over the Lord's flock, so long as the Chief Shepherd
should be pleased to spare their lives.

Art. 15. Rev. Samuel Megapolensis.

Rev. Samuel Megapolensis has returned home from New Neth-
erland. He has exhibited a very praiseworthy testimonial from
the Consistory of New York, as to his faithfulness in the minis-
trations of the sacred office there and in the vicinity. He has

OF THE State of New Yoek. 607

requested of the Rev. Synod to be accepted as a " recommended
preacher " ; as also the favor of the Rev. Synod and of the respect-
ive Classes, for his advancement to the sacred office here. This
request of his was favorably received by all, and he was also re-
ommended to the Rev. Correspondents.

Gov. Lovelace to Capt. John Carr and the Maoisteates of
New Castle,

1660

I perceive ye Little Domlne* hath played ye Trumpeter to bis disorder I refer
y* quality of his punishment to your discretions.

Fort James, New York, this

15th day of September 16G9.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xll. 465, 46a

Classis of Amsterdam.

Correspondence from America.

The Church of New York to the Classis of Amsterdam.

Jan. 24 (20?), 1670.

(Extract in Acts of North Ilolland Synod, 1670, Art. 7; also
in the Brodhead volume (Sage Lib.) p. 55.)

Very Reverend, Most Pious, Greatly Learned, the Overseers,
Guardians and Shepherds of the flock of Jesus Christ, in tho
Classis of Amsterdam : —

In order not to trouble you too greatly amid the weighty ilnties
which occupy you, We, the undcrsigne<l. Elders and Deacons of
this city, (New York), suppliants to your Rev. Body, have written
more particularly to your colleagues, Ilenricus Selyns and Samuel
Megapolensis, with whom we are well acquainted, concerning the
present sad circiiiii.stancos of the church of God in this place. We
feel it to be the righteous judgment of Gtxl on accDunt of our in-
gratitude and lack of zeal. One of our ministers, Domino John
Megapolensis, has recently (lied; uiul the (ithcr Domine Drisiu?,
is afflicted with a weakness uf memory, llonce this young and
afflicted church, is now to her great grief deprived of both the
preaching of the word, and the administration of the sacraments.

• Probably Maglster Fabrlclus.

1670

608 Ecclesiastical Records

Our necessities and pressing duties lead us to seek our refuge, next
unto God, in you. We humbly supplicate your accustomed good
counsel and ready help, in order that this good church may be
seasonably provided with a pious, faithful, and learned minister,
qualified not only to edify the congregation by his doctrine and
life, but to withstand the sectaries, who are many, and who, through
our unpropitious circumstances, have more opportunity for growth.
The Rev. Henry Selyns left a deep impression among our mem-
bers by the faithfulness of his ministry, the piety of his life, his
peculiar zeal in instructing and catechizing, and his kind and af-
fectionate intercourse. The congregation has therefore unani-
mously requested us to inquire whether he could not, by some
means, be persuaded or induced to come back, and engage again in
the work of the ministry, and its related duties, in this important
field, to the glory of God and the salvation of souls. If Domine
Selyns cannot be influenced by any motives to come over, the con-
gregation, and we in their name, commit ourselves to your provi-
dence and sufficient knowledge, to furnish this, our centrally
situated church, and the sooner the better and happier, with an-
other pious minister, well tried in doctrine and life. We have
been already in correspondence with the rulers of this city, for a
proper and suitable salary. Our success in this effort has already
been communicated to you.

We close with our christian salutations, commending you to
the protection of the Most High. We remain. Rev. Sirs, your
humble petitioners and servants, the elders and deacons of the
Reformed Christian Church in ISTew York.

P. Stuyvesant
Johannes Van Brugh
Coenradt Ten Eyck
Boele Roelofse
Jacob Teunise Kay
Hendrick Cousturier
Dated, Jan. 29, 1669/70 Gerrit Van Fricht.

in New York.

OF THE State of Xew York. 609

Court Minutes of ]^ew Amsterdam.

Election of Church-masters.

1670, Jan. 25.

Whereas the Church-masters or Kerkmeesters of this City have
served out their time, and therefore requisite that the said office
should be supplyed with summe other persons, the Worshipful!
Court have thought fit to N'ominate & appoint Alderm: Mr. Cor-
nells Van Ruyven & Mr. Jeronimus Ebbing to be Church-mas-
ters or Kerckmeesters of this Citty for the next ensuing yeare,
unto whom the Late Church-masters or Kerckmeesters are re-
quired to Deliver the Bookes & effects belonging to the Church
aforesaid. — Eecords of ISTew Amsterdam, Vol. 6. 215.

Letter from Gov. Lovelace to Capt. Carr, Informing Him
OF Domine Fabeitius' Intention to Remove to Delaware,
AND Recommending Him to the Captain's Attention.

The Governor's Letter to Captain Carre concerning Mr. Jacobus Fabrltlus.

Captain Carre: —

Upon ye Request of Maglster Jacobus Fabrltlus pastor of ye Lutheran Confes-
sion commonly called ye Augustan who by the Duke's Lycence hath a congregation
here I have graunted my passe to him and his wife to goe to Now Castle or any
place in Delaware Ryver. I pray show him all chill respect when he comes
amongst you and take care he receives no afTront there and I presume he will
comport himself with that Civility and moderation so as to give no Just occasion
of offence to others.

I am,

Your very loving friend. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xll. 473.
Fort James In New York
this 13th day of April 1070.

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.

Kent of Clfy School.

1C70. April -22.
Read and considered Caspar Stoyiiiiilts petition, reiiuostlng pnynient of one hun-
dred florins seawant balance due for rent of the City School. It Is apostlUed:
The Receiver, N. Hayiird, Is ordered to pay petitioner out of the flrst Incoming
monies.— Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. 6. 2i;i.

1670

610 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

Classis of Amsteedam.

Correspondence from America.

1670, June 5th.
The Church of Xew York to the Rev. Classis of Amsterdam.
(Extract in Acts of Synod, Xorth Holland, 1671, Art. 12.)

Eev., Most Learned, and Very Pious Sirs: —

The following is a copy of a letter heretofore sent, by way of
the Caribbie Islands. We again refer to the subject of that let-
ter, that by this double appeal, we may perhaps engage your more
earnest attention. Since the date of that letter, our church re-
mains in the same sad condition. On account of the continued
incapacity of Domine Drisius, we remain destitute of preaching
and the regular administration of the sacraments. ISTevertheless
each Sunday morning and afternoon, the usual prayers are offered,
and the Word of God and a sermon are read by the chorister,
Evert Pieterse. Every fourteen days, there is a sermon preached
on a week day by Domine Polhemus, who is now more than seventy
years old. At that time he also administers the sacrament of bap-
tism to children. In this may we endeavor to preserve the order
of our church as far as practicable. We hope that by your speedy
help, this anxious congregation may be supplied vdih a suitable
minister. For greater security of the salary, the subordinate of-
ficers of the city have obtained from the Governor an Act which
is transmitted. The bearer of this, Mr. Gerrit Van Fricht, who
was one of the deacons, but recently retired from office, goes over
with the ship. He can give you particular information concern-
ing the state of this church, which we have requested him to d<y.
We cordially commend him to you. We have nothing more to
add, and conclude with our hearty salutation. We commend you
to God's gracious protection.

We remain. Eight Reverend, Most Learned, and Very Pious
gentlemen, -„ ■ '

OF THE State of Xew York. 611

Your servants, the elders and deacons of the Reformed Christian
riniT-ch in Xew York,

P. Stii}'\'esant,
Oloff S. Van Cortlandt,
T. L. Van der Grist,
Boele Roelofse,
Jacob Teunisse Kay,
Jacob Leisler.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

1670, Aug. 3rd.
Chairman, Rev. J. Niemvenhujzen.
Secretary, Rev. Isaac Le Maere.

(At this meeting the letter of January 24th, 1670, was read, and
extracts recorded in the Minutes of the Deputies ad res Exteras.)
xxi. 91.

Court Minutes of Xew AMSTEKHANf.

ICTO, June 2Sth.
Whereas the Mayor and Aldermen of this City Received a I'etltlon from the
Elders and Deakons of the Dutch Church, wherein they desire that Pome Cnre
may be taken, for the Supply of this place with an able Orthodox Mlulster of
which they are at present wholly destitute. Whereupon they made their addressc
unto me by way of Request, that for the better encouragement of such a person
to come out of Holland to Reside here I would Vouchsafe In the bolialfe of
myselfe & Successors the Gouernors of thelae his Royall IIlKhncsse Territories to
promise That such Minister shall receive a Competent Salary or Allowance for
his Exercising the Ministerial! function, They the said Mayor & Aldermen havelng
engaged the Cause the said salary to be raised or Levyed annually uppon the
Inhabitants of the Cltty and parts adjacent within their Liberties; uppon the
Request & Conditions aforementioned, I do by this I'libllcq act ninnlfest fi. declare
that whensoever such a Minister shall come over here to this Otty and tinder-
take the charge nforemeiithmed, I slwill take Care that there shall be duely nnfl
.Justly paid unto the said Minister or lils order, the Vnbie of one thousand gllderi
Hollands monney each Veare. and Likewise that he nhall have the accomodation
of a convenient dwelling bowse. Rent free, Together with his Provision of Are
Wood GratlB. Given under my Hand, and Sealed with the Seale of the I'rovlnoe
att ffort James In New Yorke this 'ZHlh day of June In yv rJnd Yeare of blB

Majesties Ralgne Annoq Domini 1670.

(SlgiiiMli FrnnclB Louelace.

— Records of N.w AuiHterdam, Vol. 6. 240, 3il.

1670

612 Ecclesiastical Records

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.
Letters from ISTew York in iSTew ISTetherland.

1670, July 28th.

There was delivered to us a letter from some of the members
of the German (Dutch?) church at ISTew York, in New iN'ether-
land, requesting, through the care of the Eev. Classis, to be pro-
vided with a preacher. Especially do they desire that Rev. Hen-
ricus Selyns might be persuaded to allow himself to be employed
in the service of the church there. Rev. Deputati ad res Mari-
timas are directed to confer with Rev. Henricus Selyns about this,
and if he does not wish to accept, to look about for some one else.
vi. 511; xix. 145.

Synod of E"orth Holland, at Amsterdam.

1670, Aug. 5 et seq.
Art. 7. Indian Affairs.

East India

Extract from a letter from New Amsterdam, now New York,
on the island of Manhattan, written by the Elders and Deacons of
the church there, to the Rev. Classis of Amsterdam, dated Jan-
uary 24, 1670.

1. It makes known the distressed condition of the church there.
It has been suddenly deprived both of the administration of the
Word and of the sacraments, because one of their regular pastors.
Rev. John Megapolensis, has been taken away from them by
death; and the other, (Drisius) has been disabled from serving by
a failure of memory.

2. They request aid and counsel from the Rev. Classis, that they
may be provided again as soon as possible with a capable preacher.

3. And whereas the faithful service, piety of life and singular
zeal in teaching and catechising of Rev. Henry Selyns, have left
very deep impressions in the minds of the members there; they
declare that it is their unanimous request, as well as of the church,

OF THE State of Xew York. 613

1670

that the Rev. Classis would be pleased, if it be possible, to per-
suade him to come over to them, and to assume the sacred office
among them.

4. But in case this cannot be effected, that then their church,
under the direction of the Rev. Classis, may be provided with an-
other capable person and tried preacher. For the honorable and
proper salary of whom they were negotiating with the magistrates
of the said city; and the success of which would be communicated
to us in due time.

Art. 40. Ministerial Changes in the Classis of Alkmaer.

Came in: Rev. Samuel Megapolensis, from Xew York: settled
at Wieringerwaerd.

Art. 41. Loss of the Synodical Acts (of 1618-19.)
Rev. Deputati have also handed to each Classis four copies of
the Post Acta Synodis Nationals Dordracenu, translated* into
Dutch. For this announcement and delivery the Rev. Deputies
are cordially thanked.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies and their Correspondence.

1G70, Sept. 10th.

The Classis of Amsterdam to tl,c Church vi Xew York.

xxvii. r>2.

Worthy, Highly-Learned, Prudent and Godly Brethren: —

Your letter dated New York, January 24, 1G70, came safely
to hand. From it we leaimed, not without great sorrow, of the
very lamentable condition of your church, by the decease of Rev.
John Megapolensis, one of your pastors, and the further paralys-
ing of your cliurrh by tiie disability c;f the other, (Drisius;) so
that you are entirely bereft (if all jiarts of divine service. This

• This Item seems to settle the disptiteil point as to whether the rest Aetn were
originally recorded in Latin or in Dutch.

1670

61-i Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

condition involves a train of various evils. Therefore your
christian zeal is "worthv of great commendation, in that you have
determined to supply so great a want, and to obtain again the
customary comfort for your souls, by the use of suitable means
to so holy an end. Thus also will you edify the church and ex-
tend the kingdom of Christ. We will also gladly contribute our
efforts, to aid you in your purpose.

In reference to your special proposal that we should obtain
for you Rev. Henry Selyns, we willingly acknowledge that your
judgment has selected a most able, godly, learned and zealous per-
son; but having conferred with him, we find but little indication
that he will consent to serve you. And although your church
needs a person of great ability, yet it is not very likely that any
such can be obtained, as long as no definite salary is fixed by you
for his compensation. This surely ought to be arranged first; and
we do earnestly hope that proper measures will be taken with ref-
erence to this. As soon as you assure us that this is done, we will
use every effort to have your church supplied with a man of
ability. In the meantime we pray the great God, that his divine
grace, may, in these times of spiritual declension, crown you your-
selves and the other members of your church with a propor-
tionately more abundant measure of his divine blessing, viz., faith,
patience, zeal and godliness. Commending you unto his fatherly
protection, with our hearty greetings, we remain. Reverend and

Godly Sirs,

Your affectionate Brethren,

The Deputies of the Classis of Amsterdam.
In the name of all,

Johannis Nieuwenhuyzen,

Eccl. Amstelodainensis et Deputatorum ad. eccl.
extraneas, p. t. Praeses.
Johannis La Maire,

Eccl. Amstelodam. eorundem, et Deputatorum p. t.,
scriba.
Am^sterdam, Sept. 10, 1670.

OF THE State of New York. 615

Letters from Xew York.

1670, Dec. 1st.

Eevs. Depiitati ad res Maritimas report that they had received
a letter from the German (Dutch?) Consistory of New York, in
which was announced that they had received from the Governor
there, (Lovelace,) (the promise of) a yearly salary of one thou-
sand guilders, with free dwelling house, and fire wood, for any
Dutch minister who would come from Holland. They therefore
request that this Eev. Assembly would please to try to induce
Rev. Selyns, who has previously been in New Netherland, and
has left behind him a fragrant name, to allow himself to be em-
ployed in the service of the church there. It was resolved that
Rev. Deputati shall try to make this matter palatable to Rev.
Selyns. If they find him disinclined, that they shall then make
inquiry for capable persons who may be willing to be used in the
service of the church in New York, and to give notice thereof to
this Assembly, vi. 522-523. xix. 144.

Acts of the Deputies.

1670, Dec. 9th.
President, Rev. John Nieuwenhuyzen.
Secretary, Rev. J. Le Maire.

All candidates belonging to the Classis of Amsterdam, and
dwelling here, were summoned, in accordance with a resolution
of the Classis, in order to present to them the Act of the Gov-
ernor (Lovelace) of New York in reference to the salary provided
for the pastor in the Dutch church there; also to Icaru whether
any were willing to accept of such a charge, and if so, to report
the same to Classis. Many appeared, and the Act of the Gov-
ernor, being translated, was read to them. They expressed their
opinions thereon, but none of ihvin would li,>Jtcn t(^ the proposal
for such a service, xxi. 104.

1670

1671

616 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

MONTANUS' DeSCKIPTION OF NeW YoEK.

1671.

" On the Manliattans Island stands 'New Amsterdam, five miles
from the ocean: Ships run up the harbor there from the sea with
one tide. The city hath an earthen fort. Within the fort, and on
the outermost bastion towards the river, stand a windmill and a
very high staif, on which a flag is hoisted whenever any vessels
are seen in Godyn's bay. The church rises with a double roof,
between which a square tower looms aloft. On one side is the
prison, on the other side of the church the Governor's house.
Without the walls are the houses mostly built by Amsterdamers.
On the river side stand the gallows and whipping post. A hand-
some public tavern adorns the farthest point. Between the fort
and this tavern is a suitable row of dwelling houses : among which
stand out the ware-houses of the West India Company ". Doc.
Hist. N. T., iv. 75.

For view of the city, as above described, See Doc. Hist. N. Y.
iv. 76.

Oedee Coxceexing Domine Paulinus. (Polhemius.)

In makeing ye Countrey Eates for your Towne, 1 doe hereby slgnifye unto yoo
that you are to forebear ye taxing or leveying any sum upon any parte of ye Estate
of Domine Paulinus [Polhemius] your Minister untill further order, for ye doeing
whereof this shall be your warrant, Given under my hand at Fort James in New
Yorke this 19th day of January 1670-1.

Fr. Lovelace.

To ye Constable and Overseers of Midwout also Flatbush. — Col. Does. N. Y. iiv.
060.

Acts of the Classis of Amsteedam.

Letters from Xew York. Kev. William Nieuwenhuysen is chosen
Minister for Xew York, in America.

1671, March 16th.

Meantime Revs. Deputati further reported that they, in pursu-
ance of directions given them by this Rev. Assembly at the pre-
vious session of Classis, had inquired among the candidates of this

OF THE State of Xew York. 617

city, (Amsterdam,) whether any of them were willing to let them-
selves be used in the service of the Xetherland church at Sew
York, situated in America. These all manifested a disinclination
to that service. They had however, finally found Rev. "William
IsTieuwenhuysen, cand. S. S. Ministry, who had previously been
received among the " recommended " for churches in foreign
lands, disposed to officiate in the aforesaid church. The Rev. As-
sembly in addition, having understood from Paulas Hendrichsz.
vander Grift, elder, and Ernest van Trijht (Trycht, Tricht?)
deacon, in the German (Dutch) church of Xew York, their in-
clination towards the person of the aforesaid Rev. William Xieuw-
enhuysen, did call the said Rev. Xieuwenhuysen to the pastorate
of the aforesaid church. This call having been accepted by him,
it was resolved to examine him immediately peremptoir (for or-
dination) together with Rev. Oudewater. In this examination
they both acquitted themselves in their answers so greatly to the
satisfaction of the Rev. Chassis, that after previous resolution, they
were ordained by Rev. Examiner, Henricus Selyns, with the lay-
ing on of hands, vi. 525. xix. 150-151.

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.

Rev. Aegldlus Luyck Requested to Assist Rev. Drlslun.

IftTl. March 28.

Whereas Domlne Egldlus Luyck l)y reason of yo weaknesae of Doinlne Samuel
Drleeius now several tymes hath teached ye Word of God. with good satisfaction
to this Court & ye InhalMtanta of this Cltty. for which ye Court doe hereby
retunie him thanckes with further desiere that he wouhl ho pleased to Continue
therein until further order; which being recomended to ye said Domlne Luyck. hee
accepted thereof and promissed so to doe; Whereuppon Itt was this day agreed
uppon that from henceforth on Sal>bath dayes ye Word of God should he teached.
In ye forenoone by Domlne Drleslua & in ye afternoone by ye said Domlne Luyck.
and this Court doe further promise to make him sullsfacktlou for hU said service-
Records at New Amsterdam, Vol. fi. 2'.>'J.

Acts of the Classls of Amsterd.vm.

Rudolph us Varick.

1671, April 6th.

Rev. Rudolphus a Varick. candidate for the mini.stry at Recneu,
requested to be received among the '' rcconnneuded " of the Rev.

1671

618 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

Classis, and especially for the cliurches in foreign lands. He
handed in at the same time his certificate of his preparatory
examination. To this some brethren also added the good testi-
mony of Eev. Cupiiis, minister there, regarding him. He gave
proof of his gifts, and was therefore admitted, after signing the
formulae — vi. 527. xix. 151.

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.

Arrears of Ministers Salaries.

1671, May 16.

Whereas Domine Samuel Driseius has stated to us by petition, as well for himself
as for the widow of Domine Megapolensis deed., that divers persons are still in
arrears to the previous allowance of the Preachers of this City, notwithstanding
this W. Court did on the 11th February 1668/9 order, that the arrears should be
promptly paid within fourteen days time after date of the aforesaid Order, on
pain of execution; requesting further that such order should be made by this W:
Court, so that the petitioners may receive the arrears of their allowance: therefore
the W: Court decree and order, that before the merits hereof shall be disposed of,
the Beadle of the Church, Willem Verscheuren, shall speak to all persons who by
the list delivered in are debtors yet and still reside here, on the subject of their
arrears, and note down the answer of each in particular in the margin of the list
and deliver it in to Court on the Next Court day. — Records of New Amsterdam,
Vol. 6. 300.

Gov. X-ovelace to the Minister, Etc., of Southold.

Gent. — I have been petitioned by this Bearer, Mr. Booth, who according to his
Insinuacon there alledged conceives himselfe very much aggrieved in that hard
and cruell Distress you have made on his cattle, wherein not only himselfe prov'd
a great sufferer, but his poore innocent little children deprived of their Dayly
sustenance of Milke; when that extraordinary Indulgence was afforded you by my
predecessor of ye Exercise of your Religion after your own manner; It was not
thereby Intended that such Severity should be extended to those of a different
perswasion to your discipline; noe more then you would accompt it hard for any
of you that lived under another Church, in Conformity to his Majesty's Establisht
Lawes should be soe rigorously dealt withall for your dissenting Opinion. 'Tis
confest ye Labourer is worthy of his Hire, but then withall it must appeare hee
proves soe to mee, and not to others only if hee expects any wages from mee. The
Administracon of ye Sacrament of Baptism to Infants, and ye Lord's Supper to
ye Children of Grace I acct. to be ye essentiall parts of the Ministerial! fifunction
as well as ye dispensing of ye Word of Life; and hee that with holds either away
from mee cannot be properly a Labourer in ye Lord's Vineyard, but a Capricious
Distributer and applyer of ye meanes putt into his Hands by ye Lord of ye Vine-
yard as his Humor shall direct him, refreshing some Roots with water and other
nourishment and with holding it altogether from others; How consonant this is to
ye discipline of true Christianity, Common Charity and ye Practice of ye Apostles
(who would that all Men might be saved). I believe you better know, then (I fear)
practice; And therefore I would desire you not to insist on such rigorous Courses

* The Rev. John Youngs was minister of Southold from 1640 to 1672.

OF THE State of Xew York. 610

against those who desire to live under ye Itnowne and Establisht Lawes of his
Majesty's Dominions least I be forct to represent to his Royal Highness ye great
Inconveniencyes that may arise by it, and you be Interrupted in ye Exercise of
that Church tfunction you now soe peaceably enjoy. I have noc more but recom-
mending ye pr'misses to your Christian Consideration, I remalne,

Your Loving Friend,

Fran<^i8 Lovelace.

_, , ^ ,, ,. , , — Doc. Hist. N. Y. 111. 209.

Forte James, New Yorke July 10th 1G71.

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.

Salary of New Minister.

1671, July 11.

Uppon his honnor ye Governor's Letter of Recommendation that ye Court together
with some of ye Officers of ye Church should take Into consideration how ye Salary
for ye Expected Minister from Europe may be Raised ye Court thereuppon have
thought fltt to appoint a private Court to be held on Friday nest being ye 14th
of this Instant in ye afternoone at — a Clocq and do further desire ye Late
Aldermen together with ye present and ye Late Church Officers will give their*
attendance at ye said time to consult with them Conserning ye premises. — Records
of New Amsterdam, Vol. 6. 309.

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.

Ministers' Salaries.

1671

1071, July H.

In Obedience, To bis Honor ye Governor's Letter and In pursuance of this Courts
Order thereuppon this day, Appearing in Court ye former Magistrates together with
ye present & former Church Officers of this CItty, unto whom ye Worslilpfull
Court Manifested ye Reson of this present Meeting, tendring ouely for to advise
together, how the sallarle, which Is promised towards ye Maintenance of ye Ex-
pected Minister might be raised, Whereuppon ye following proposalls where made
and presented to this Court: —

Imprimis. That, whereas ye Great Excyse In the first beginning was Reysed.
onely towards the Maintenance of the Ministers, that therefore the Minister ought
to be paid out of the said Exc.vse altough some advancem should be made
thereupon.

2ndly That ye Rurger Excyse might be Raised soo Much as will Malntnluo ye
Ministers and Satlsfle other Necessarle Charges.

3rdly That the Costumes uppon ye Importation of Rom and Wines might be
Raised from four to five per Cento or more.

4thly That the Imposition might be Raised uppon Rom goln;; up f'>r Albany A
Esoopus.

Stilly That all Townes Charges might be Levyed by a General taxe, as Itt Is
practicable by ye Neighboring Townes, provided ye Excyse bo taken off.

Uppon which proposals, answer was mail«'. that ye Sallary of the Ministers by
ye English, ussually Is Levyed, by a taxe, iV: that about two years Blnce, ye Mlniator
was paid by the townesmen. Wlioreuppon itt was Replyoth that In Case ye
Necessity should Requlere a taxe Itt should l)e much better that n Levy be made
uppon any other account as for tlie Maintenance of a Minister A; Secondly that
ye Ministers abowt two Yeares since were paid by the towues Men was onely
occasioned by the tyme of Warre. when the Government was not able to Mnlntnln
them & therefore It was tlien likewise proposed to Continue but for one or two,
yeares, by a volluntarle Coulrlbntloii; llnall.r upon Severall I>ebat<>s, Concerning ye

1671

620 Ecclesiastical Records

former proposals, It-t was mutually Condiscended unto for to Returne for advise
viz. !

That itt would occasion a Great discontent amongst tlie people, to be both taxed
& to pay Excyse Wherefore itt is in general proposed, that ye Grand Excyse
should be something Raised, & that an imposition should be Laid uppon Rom going
to Albany & Esopus and that ye selling of Licquors to the Indians should be per-
mitted as it is throughout all the Government and some Excyse or Imposition should
be Raised thereuppon, or otherwyse that all the Excyses should be totally abolished;
and a general taxe for all towne Charges be made. — Records of New Amsterdam,
Vol. 6. p. 31L

1671, Aug. 4 et seq.
Art. 12. Indian Affairs.
An extract from a letter from the Elders and Deacons of the
Consistory of iSTew York, of June 5, 1670.

In this they ask for a preacher. They add that the Governor
had promised an honorable salary for the preacher called there,
namely, one thousand guilders Dutch money, a free dwelling,
and free fire wood. They also exhibit the authentic Act of the
Governor thereon

There was sent off by the Classis of Amsterdam, the Rev. Wil-
liam ISTieuwenhuysen to New York, as minister; Rev. Abram
Oudewater to the Castle D'Elmina, (in Guinea) ; and Rev. Thomas
Menslage to Smyrna.

Order for a New Assessment to Pay for a Parsonage in

Brooklyn.

Whereas Adriaen Heggeman being heretofore Schout of Breuckelen durelng ye
Dutch Government, did together with Albert Cornelyssen and other ye Schippena
of that Dorpe by ye Consent of ye Governor then in being cause a Rate to be made
for ye raiseing of a certaine summe of money upon ye Inhabitants there for ye
building and Erecting a House for ye Minister which accordingly they did, but did
not collect ye whole summe, many delaying or refuseing to pay ye same, and
although by ye alteration of ye Government ye said Schout and Schepens are
long since dismist of their Employment yet are lyable to pay for ye worke
about ye said House, and have by ye Court of Constable and Overseers been
Condemned soe to doe, although they have noe power to constraine ye Persons in
Arreare to pay their proporcons, which although it be for a publique worke, yet
without Reliefe had therein is like to redound to their particular Losse and Detri-
ment, haveing taken ye pr'misses into serious consideration I have thought fitt
by and with ye advice of my Councell to Order and appoint that ye Judgement of

OF THE State of New York. 621

ye Court of Constable and Overseers against ye said AdriaPD Heggeman, and others
upon this Accompt be made null, and hee ye said Adriaeu Ueggeman, Albert
Cornelysson, and those concerned with him giveing In an Accompt to ye Constable
and Overseers of what they have received, and what Is in Arreare they shall be
clearly acquitted and discharged from any further Trouble hereupon; And ye Con-
stable and Overseers of Breuckeleii are and shall be hereby invested with ye same
Power which heretofore ye said Schout and Schepens had to Levy ye Summes of
Money in Arreare, upon ye Persons or Estates assessed if to be found; But if ye
Summe intended to be risen shall come short (diverse of ye Inhabitants being either
dead or removed) the said Constable and Overseers have power to make a New
Rate for ye Remainder upon ye whole Towne; And for soe doeing this shall be
their warrant. Given under my Hand and Seale at Forte James in New Yorke

this 10th day of August 1671.

Ffran. Lovelace.

— Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 652, 053.

Permission to Domine Fabricius to Preach His Farewell

Sermon.

An answer to ye last petition of ye Lutheran Minister Mr. Jacobus Fabricius,
wherein hee requested liberty to give his congregacon a Valedictory Sermon, and
to install the new Come Minister accordinge to ye Custome used by those of their
Religion.

The Contents of this Peticon being very reasonable, and (as I am informed)
according to ye Custom of ye Augustine Confession, I doe very well approve thereof
and grant the petitioner's Request. Given under my hand at Cfort James in New
Yorke, this 11th day of August 1071.

Francis Lovelace.
— Doc. Hist. N. Y. ill. 242.

Court Minutes of Xew Amsterdam.

Support of a Poor Lutheran.

1G71, Dec. 5.

The deakons of the reformed Church of this CItty ys. day makelng their report,
uppon the former order sent to them upon the Petition of Jno. Fossacre returned
for answer that the said Fossacre had Lived on Louge Island, Weshester &
Onckeway* about eighteen yeares and since the Lutherish Domlne preached here,
come to this place, and he being a Member of their Church, the said deakons
Judged that the said Church ought to Malntalne him. The Court Ordered that the
Deakons of the Lutheren Church should be suraoned to appeare In Court the next
Court day. — Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. C. p. 348.

Court Minutes of Xew Amsterdam.

Each Church to Maintain its Own Poor.

Att a Mayors Court held In New Yorke the 21st of Decouiber Anno Km. I'resont
Capt. Matthias NIcolls, Mayor; Mr. Jno. Lauren<e, Mr. Com. v. Ruyven, Mr. Jno.
V. Brugh, Mr. Is. Bedloo, .MiltTiiicn; Mr. Allard Anthony, SliorlfT.

Uppon Complaint made by the daekons of reformed Chrlstlnii Chunh of this
Cltty, that they are Charged with some of the poore of the Luthornn profppslon
notwithstanding a Collection Is made for the poore In the snld Lutheran Church;
as alsoo that the Deakons of the said Lutheran Church do not according to Cus-
tome In a Publlcq Meeting deliver up their accounts how they have disposed of

• Fairfield, Conn.

1671

622 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

1671

the monney soo collected as aforesaid; Whereuppon the deakons of the said
Lutheran Church being summoned & appearing in Court, and haveing heard their
answer thereuppon; The %Yorshipfull Court ordered that each Church should for
the future Maintaine their owne Poore; and that the Deakons of the said Lutheran
Church should yearely deliver up their Accounts in a publicq Meeting in the same
Manner as iu the reformed Christian Church of this Citty until this day hath
bene practicable.

Uppon Complaint of the Deakons of the Lutheran Church, It is Ordered that
they shall give no more allowance to Jno. Fossiker, til further oeder.— Records of
New Amsterdam, Vol. 6. pp. 352, 353.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Two Preachers to East India.
jg^2 1672, Jan. 5th.

In order to call two ministers to the East Indies, there were
nominated in all, Eer. Gualterns Pereyzinus, Eev. Kudolphus
Varick, Eev. Petrus Durant, and Eev. Petrus de Lange. From
these there were chosen by majority of votes, Eev. Gualtema
Pereyzinus, pastor at Ommeren, in the Classis of Tiel, and Eev.
Petrus Durant, candidate for the S. S. Ministry, at Sprange.
These shall be presented to the Directors by the Eev. Deputies.
After obtaining their approval they shall appoint the time for
the final examination of Eev. Durant. He was provisionally
given the text, iicts 17 :23. vii. 27. xix. 158.

Liberty Granted by ye Governor to IVIartin Hoofman a Mem-
ber OF ye Augustine Confession to go to Delaware, to
Collect Money Towards ye Erecting Them a Church.

Whereas ye Minister and Officers of ye Church of the Augustane Confession or
Lutheran Congregacon in this City under the protection of his Royal Highness ye
Duke of Yorke, have requested my Lycence to build and Erect a house for their
Church to meet in, towards the which They doe suppose all or most of their Pro-
fession will in some measure Contribute, and there being diverse of them in the
South River at Delaware, to which place a Sloope being now bound a Conveniency
presents, soe that they have pitcht upon Martin Hoofman, to Negotiate there for
them; These are to require all Persons that they permitt and suffer ye said
Martin Hoofman to Passe out of this Porte in the Sloope belonging to Capt. Martin
Creiger bound for New Castle in Delaware, and ye Officers there are likewise
required noe way to hinder or molest ye said Martin Hoofman in his Endeavor
of Collecting ye Benevolence of such of ye Lutheran Profession in those parts,
towards their Intents as aforesaid Provided It doe noe way hinder or tend to make
Division or Disturbance amongst ye People, nor shall Occasion ye Breach of the
Peace, the which all his Majesty's good Subjects are obliged to keep, Hereof They
are not to fayle. Given under my Hand at Fort James in New Yorke the 16th
day of January 1671/2.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xii. 494.
To all whom this may Concerne.

OF THE State of Xew York. 623

Court Minutes of New Amsterdam.

Domlne Luyck Paid for His Services.

1671', March 5.

The Court this day allowed to Domlne Luyck, by way of gratuity for Preaching
before Domine Newenhuysen's Arrival, the somme of four hundred gilders seawtt.
Vallue and ordered the Secretary to make payment thereof. — Records of New
Amsterdam, Vol. 6. v- 365.

An Order Made on Behalf of Mr. Charlton foe Getting in
His Money from ye Towne of IIemstead, for Teaching
ScHOOLE There.

Whereas I am given to understand that ye major part of your Towne did at a
publlck Meeting Contract with Richard Charlton to keep a Schoole to Instruct ye
Children and Youth there to write and read, the which hee hath performed for
ye whole time of ye Contract, yet diverse of the Towne although they naue received
the Benefltt thereof, doe refuse or too long delay the payment contracted for;
These are to require you to cause speedy payment to bee made unto him, according
to your Contract, that Persons of that calling bee not discouraged, otherwise hee
will have good remedy against you at Law to your greater charge and Disparage-
ment. Given under my Hand at Fort James In New Yorke this 2l8t day of
March 1671/2.

Fr. Lovelace.
— Col. Docs. N. Y. liv. 661, 662.

To ye Justices of the Peace, Constable, and Overseers at Hempstead.

Court Minutes of Xew Amsterdam.

Church In the Fort to be Repaired.

Anno 1671/72. .\(ly 21. March.

Read the petition of the Kerkiueesters of the Reformed Church of this Cttty
representing in substance, how necessary It Is, that the roof of the Church In the
Fort be renewed; requesting to this eiul the Courts assistance for this work by
furnishing as much money from the City's revenue, as Is possll)le and Interceding
with the Honorable Governor that his Honor may be pleased likewise to contribute
thereunto from the public fund of the Province etc.

Which petition being this dny taken into consideration by the Worshlpfull Court,
their Worships, wltli the previous knowledge of the honorable (Jovcrnor pr4)vl»lon-
ally allowed the petitioners from the City chest, the sum of five hundred gulldera
sewant value. — Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. 6. pp. 3<>7, 368.

Acts of tiii-: Classis of AMSTERnA^[.
Kev. Rensselaer, Accepted, ns Expectant for Foreign Clmrches.

1«;T2, April 4th.

Rev. Nicholas van Kenssohier haviiii; cnuw ^nthin, exhibited
certificates from some members of tho (uM-inati (Dutch) church

1672

624 EccLESiASTicAi. Records

in London, as well as from the Rev. Consistory at Leyden, as
to liis doctrine and life. He requested to be advanced for the
churches in foreign lands. After delivering a sermon he was
admitted among the ''' expectants ". vii. 30. xix. 159.

Correspondence from America.

1672; Spring? The Church of :N^ew York to the Classis of

Amsterdam.

No date. (1672)

Reverend, Pious, Very Learned, Very Prudent Gentlemen and
Dear Brethren in Christ: —

The particular care, which the Rev. Classis of Amsterdam has
already shown for building up the Church of Jesus Christ, as
well at home as in foreign lands, is well known to us, and has
been verified several times heretofore. The indefatigable dili-
gence again employed by your Rev. Assembly, to provide our
vacant church in these parts with a pious and learned minister,
is highly gratifying to us, and especially so because, notwithstand-
ing the change of government in this country, and the disinclina-
tion of certain licentiates to come over here, yet your Reverences
have not rested, until you had legally called Domine "Wilhelmus
van Nieuwenhuysen, L.A.M. as pastor and overseer of our con-
gregation; and you also persuaded him to accept the call. He
arrived safely here last July and delivered us your letter. His
person is very agi'eeable to us, and his gifts fully satisfy the
congregation. He labors daily and diligently in edifying our peo-
ple, either by preaching God's Word, or by catechising the
young. Therefore w^e shall always consider ourselves obliged to
show very great gratitude towards your Reverences for the
fatherly interest you have shown us, and are compelled to pray
ardently to the supreme Shepherd of souls, that he will still
more greatly bless the councils of your Rev. Assembly, to the
glorification of his Holy !N"ame, the edification of his dearly
bought church, and the gain of many souls.

OF THE State of Jshw York. 625

We should earlier have sent you our dutiful thanks, if we
had not waited so long in order to consult about a good way for
paying the salary promised to our minister. This way has now
been found to the full relief of his Reverence and the satisfac-
tion of the congregation.

There is nothing more to say, Eev. Gentlemen, except to
convey our cordial greetings, wherewith we commend your Kever-
ences persons and families and property to the word of His
gi'ace. We remain meantime.

Reverend, Pious, Very Learned, Very Prudent, Gentlemen,
Your obliged Sen^ants and Brethren in Christ,
The Elders and Deacons of the Reformed
Church at New York.
In the name of all,

Oloff Stevensen van Cortlandt, Elder.
Jeronimus Ebbinck, Deacon.

(The points of this letter are given at a meeting of the Depu-
ties, Sept. 13, 1672, (Vol. xxi:127,) and hence the date would
probably be the first half of 1672. There is also an extract of
the same in the ^Minutes of the Synod of North Holland, 1673,
Art. 12, p. 20.)

Correspondence from America.

1672, July 13th.

Agreement between the Pastor and Consistory of New York
concerning his salary, xxvii. 147.

Pastor and Consistory being assembled, it is determined that
in the payment of one thousand guilders, Dutch currency, as
the annual salary of Rev. Nieuwenhuyscn, the beavers shall never
be valued higher or lower than six guilders each; tlint silver

money shall bo according to Dutch value; and the sewant shall
40

1672

626 Ecclesiastical Kecoeds

1672

be valued according to the exchange. This shall remain un-
changed so long as Rev. Van Nieuwenhuysen continues, here.

Signed,

Oleft Stevens Cortlandt,
Johannes De Piester,
Peter Jacobse Marius,
Jacob Leisler,
Jeronimus Elbing,
Pieter Stoutenburg.
Wilhelmus Van Xieuwenhuysen,

as Pastor.
Subscript :

This copy corresponds to the original in the church-book, to
which testify, etc.

Acts of the Deputies.

1672, Sept. 13th.

Rev. Laurentius in the Chair.

A letter without date, written by the elders and deacons in
New York, was read. Therein they inform us, that they had
received our letters, and that Rev. William ISTieuwenhuysen, sent
to them as their pastor, had safely an-ived, and that he was
highly satisfactory to them, edifying the church by his preach-
ing and catechising; that they are indebted to the Rev. Classis
for the trouble they had taken, and should have written sooner,
but delayed, in order to be enabled to decide first concerning
the best means of meeting the requirements of the salary prom-
ised. This had now been fixed to the full satisfaction of his
Reverence as well as of the congregation, xxi. 127.

OF THE State of Xew Yoek. 627

Explanation of Concessions Made in 1664-5 by James, Duke
OF York, and Carteret and Berkeley.

(From Leamiug- and Spicer.)

1672, Dec. 6.

II. As to the 8th. Article, it shall be in the Power of the
Governor and Council, to constitute and appoint such Ministers
and Preachers as shall be nominated and chosen bj the several
Corporations, without the General Assembly, and to establish
their maintenance, giving Liberty besides to any Person or Per-
sons to keep and maintain what Ministers or Preachers they
please. Page 33.

This was renewed in 1674, after the resurrender of the Prov-
ince to the English, Page 55.

Petition (Not Signed) for a Grant of Four Thousand Acres
OF Land Above and Below the Falls on the Delaware,
with the Privilege of Libekty of Worsiiii', Calling a
Minister, Holding Court, Etc.

1672?

Right honereabill Ed. Andros, Governor:

For wee thought good to propound dew things unto your honners Consideration
for the seatllment of ourselves and famelles at the falles of Delaway Itlver.

First we Request of your honner such a trackt of Land In the please aforesaid
Contaynelng fCowar thousand enkers of Land lying by the River that Is to sayo
fCowar miles above the fales and ffowar miles Belowe with the IJlands therehye
and that the Ijland callld by the name of Mr. Olderldges (Alrlchs) IJIand may be
procuarid ffor us and that your honner wolde be pleased to give us such a Pattin
ffor the same: whereby it maye be Conferniid unto ourselves and ayaros or suck-
sesars ftor ever ami bodies this ffowar thousand oakeres of Land we Itequest a
nother parte of Land to by as Coninian and (Tree ffrom any payments but for the
ffowar thousand Akerrs after the exsplreatlon of seven yeres paying ffor every
hondred eakeres one sclpell of wheate ycrely shall then be ffrold ffrom any other
payments as to the publlek.

21y that we may have our Liberty In point of worship and the Cliolse of our owne
Mlnlstar and that nothing may be Imposed upon him which may be offensive unto
his ConshciK'"'.

31y that we may have the I^lberty ffor the ludglng of such dlfnrniises as may
any way hapin aniongt as to give a lllual ileleruilnatlon thereof exsept of matters
which moste properly belong to the Coiirte of Aslsls. That we may have the
Liberty of treade and make the best of what we shall Itayes or maye proiluce and
tranceporte Into any partes of his Majesty's I>onilnyons either Vorke Boston or
Barbadoes or whore we maye make the best of what we shall any wnye pruduoe,
provided we paye the Kings Custome as In New Vorke we then be ffree to trance-
porte It where we please without any ffurdar pnymente. — Col. Docs. N. Y. ill.
521, 522.

1672

1673

628 Ecclesiastical Records

Synod of ISTokth Holland, at Edam,

1673, Aug. 8 et seq.
Art. 12. Indian Affairs.

Extract from a letter, undated, written from Xew York by the
Elders and Deacons tliere.

1. It makes known tliat Eev. William JSTieuwenhuysen, sent
to them by us as minister, safely arrived there in the last of
July; that he (his person) was very acceptable to them, and that
he edified the congregation by his preaching and catechising.

2. They would have written sooner, but were delayed in their
efforts to devise some good plan for his payment. This had
now been accomplished to his satisfaction, and the pleasure of
all the people.

1673, Aug. 9.
[Reconquest of I^ew l^etherland by the Dutch. See Col. Docs.
K Y. ii. 569-732; iii. 199-227; Doc. Hist. K Y. iii. 45-65.
Amsterdam Correspondence and Documents, 1673, onward. Also
Brodhead's New York, ii. 204-260.]

ADMINISTRATION OE GOVERNOR ANTHONY COLVE,

August 9, 1673, November 16, 1674.

Nathan Gould's AccorNT of the Recapture of New York

BY THE Dutch.

August, 1673.
The relation of one of the corporalls of the garrison concern-
ing the takeing of New Yorke, which is as followeth, viz. On
the last Monday was seuen night the Dutch ffleete appeared
about Sandy Hooke : On tuesday they came to an anchor under
Staten Hand: on the "Wednesday the ffleet came up into Hud-

OF THE State of Xew York. 629

son's Eiuer and Ankored before the ffort, not a Musquet Shot be-
fore the fort, before they came to an anchor at the fort: while
they were at Staten Hand the ffleete sent a trnmpeter to the
ffort and demanded it for the Prince of Orange ; and what answer
was returned the Corporall knows not ; After the ffleete was at
an anchor by the ffort they did not shoot a gunn for the space
of halfe an ho^\T: then the ffleet discharged their broad sides
at the ffort, and the ffort shot att them, while the Dutch were
placing their great gunns; they landed their men in IIutson'3
Eiuer aboue the Gouernor Orchard. This Corporall saith that
immediately the fflag of the ffort was taken Downe; and he can-
not certainly say who did it; the Souldiers of the enemy came
downe the broad way and entered at the ffort gate, it being open;
whereuppon the beseiged so^^ildiers march forth with their annes
and colours fflying, and laid them downe when they came; for
then they were comanded into the ffort againe and comitted to
prison in the Church, and so sent afterwards aboard the ships.
The above said Corporall also saith, that he see Generall Love-
lace at Justice Cornwalls, on longe Hand, \\'ith Captain Nicolls
who tould him he would goe to the ffort on Saturday last in the
mourning. He also saith that there were but seaueu men of
warr that came out of London (scil) three Amsterdam men and
four Zeelanders; the rest of the ffleete were prizes they had
taken in the Indies and Virginia, and he esteems theire is about
sixteene hundred men of them. — Col. Docs. X. Y. iii. 20L

Petitions from the English on Long Island fob Freedom of
Religion Under the Dutch.

Jnninlcn, .ViiKiist tlio Itth 1(IT:<.
Whereas wee ye Inhabltnnta of the Enst RhUnu of Lonu Islaii<l: namely So>ith-
ampton, Easthanipton, SoiitHoold Seatancok and IlnnlliiKtixi wore Hoiiiotliuo
rightly and pcacoafully joyned with Ilt-rtford .IiirUdlrilon to gitnA satlnfaotloii ou
both sides, butt about ye ycare KMU <;<Mioral Ub-liard Mrollw rouu-liic In ye name
off his Majesties Royal lllnhnesa ye Duke off Yorcke and by power subjected us
to ye Government under which wee have remained nntlll thl8 present time and
now by turne off (Joda Providence shipps off fTorces beloDKlnt; to ye States of
Holland have taken New Yorke ye 30th of the last month, and wee have noc
latelligeuce to this day ffrom our Governor: Frauds Lovelace Esq. oil whatt hath

1673

630 Ecclesiastical Records

happened or what wee are to doe, Butt ye Generall oCE ye said dutch fforce hath
sent to us his declaration or Summons with a serius Commination therein con-
tained and since wee understand by ye post bringing the said declaration That
our Governor is peacebly and respectfully entertained into ye said ffort and Citty;
wee the Inhabitants off ye said East Riding or our Deputies for us, att a meeting
this day doe make these our request as follow;

Imprimis That iff wee come under ye dutch Government, wee desire that wee
may retain our Ecclesiastical Privileges viz. to Worship God according to our
beliefife without any imposition.

21y That wee may enjoy ye small matters off goods wee possess, with our Lands
according to our Purchaze of ye Natieves as it is now bounded out, without fur-
ther charge off confErmation.

Sly That ye oath of allegiance to bee imposed may bind us onely whyles wee
are under Government but that as wee shall bee bound not to act against them,
soe also not to take up armes ffor them against our owne Kation.

Sly In every respect to have equal priviledges with the dutch Nation.

The Delegates from Easthampton, Southampton, Southold, Setalcket and Hun-
tington request' an audience, and entering, delivered in their credantials with a
writing in form of a Petition; they further declared to submit themselves to the
obedience of their High Mightinesses the Lords States-General of the United
Netherlands and his Serene Highness the Prince of Orange, etc. Whereupon the
preceding Petition having been read and taken into consideration, it is ordered
as follows:

On the first point: They are allowed Freedom of Conscience in the Worship of
God and Church discipline.

2. They shall hold and possess all their goods and lawfully procured lands, on
condition that said lands be duly recorded.

3. Regarding the Oath of Allegiance with liberty not to take up armes against
their own nation, is allowed and accorded to the petitioners. — Col. Docs. N. Y. ii.
583-4.

Court Minutes of ISTbw Amsterdam,

At a Meeting of the Honorable Council of War of New Netherland, holden on
the 15th August, Anno 1673.

Only Magistrates of the Reformed Religion to be appointed in New Orange [New

York.]

The Deputies from the Commonalty of the city of New Orange, being sent for
by the Commanders and adjoined Council of War of the fleet, they are recommended
to convoke the Commonalty of this city, without delay, here in the city Hall, and
to cause them to nominate six persons for Burgomasters and fifteen for Schepens,
to wit: from the wealthiest inhabitants and those only who are of the Reformed
Christian Religion; from whom said Commanders and Council of War will select
some as Magistrates of this city.

Dated at the City Hall of the City of New Orange, this 15th August, 1673.

(Signed), Cornells Evertsen, Jr.
A. Colve,
Jacob Benckes,
Nicolaes Boes,
A. F. van Zyll.

This 16th August, 1673: Pursuant to the order aiforesaid, the commonalty of
the city of New Orange have, by plurality of votes, nominated, and delivered in
by Deputies to the Council,

OF THE State of New Yobk. 631

For Burgomasters.
Cornells Steenwyck, Marten Cregler,

Cornells van Ruyven, Johannes de I'eyster,

Johannes van Brugh, Nlcolaes Bayard.

For Schepens.

Jeronimus Ebbinck, Francois Rombouts,

Willem Beeckman, Stevanus van Cortlaut,

Egldlus Luyck, Adolf Pletersse,

Jacob Kip, Rynler 'Wlllemse,

Gelyn Verplanck, I'leter Jacobse,

Lourens van der Spiegel, Jan VInges,

Balthazaer Bayard, Peter Stoutenburgh,
Coenraet ten Eyck.

Which above named persons being called before the Council, they took the oath
of allegiance, from which nomination the Commanders and Council of War elected
the Magistrates, who have subscribed the following oath, whereupon it was ordered
to make the subjoined Proclamation to-morrow.

The Oath.

We, the Scbout, Burgomasters, Schepens and Secretary of the city of New
Orange, qualified by the Honorable Council of War, do promise and swear. In the
presence of Almighty God, that we, each in his quality, will, according to the best
of our knowledge and without passion, administer good law and Justice between
parties in cases brought before us; that we will promote the welfare of this city
and its Inhabitants; in all things defend the upright and true Christian Religion
agreeably to the Word of God and the order of the Synod of Dordrecht taught
In the Netherland church; in all circumstances obey, maintain and help to main-
tain the Supreme government placed, or hereafter yet to be appointed, over us In
the name of their High Mightinesses the Lords States General of the United
Netherlands and his Highness of Orange, and prevent, as far as in our power lies,
everything that may conflict with it. So truly help us God. — Col. Does. N. Y.
11. 574, 575. Also, Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. 6. pp. 396-7.

Petitions from the English in New Jersey for Freedom of
Eelioion Under the Dutch.

At a Meeting of the Honorable Council of War, hoklen In Fort Willem Hendrick,
on the 18th of August, Anno 1073,

Present — Commander Jacob IkMu-kes,

Commander Cornells Evertsen, Jr.
Captain Anthony Colve,
Captain Nicolas Hoes,
Captain A. K. van Zyll.

The following order was made:

On the petition of the Inhabitants of the respective towns, vlE.r Elltabeti
Towne, New-Worke and Plscattaway, situated at Achtcr Cii^.

The Commanders and Honorable Council of War having considered and rend
the Petition of the Inhabitants of the villages of ElUnbets Towne. New-Worke
and Plscattaway, have ordered thereupon that all the Inhnhltants of those towna
shall be granted the same Privileges and freedoms as will be Bccordod to native
horn subjects and Dutch towns: also the Petitioners anil their heirs shall unn.e-
lested enjoy and possess their lawfully purehased and piild for lands, wlilrh sliiill
afterwards be confirmed to them by the (;overnor In due form; In regard t-. the
bounds of each town, they shall hereafter be fixed by the Oovernor and Council;

1073

1673

632 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

in respect to impressment, none of the Englisli nation shall, in time of war with
bis Majesty of England, be impressed against his own nation on condition that
they comport themselves quietly and peaceably, but their ships and boats shall
be subject thereto. Concerning inheritance, they shall have to regulate them-
selves according to the laws of Netherland, but be at liberty to dispose of their
property by will, according to their pleasure; and in case any wish to depart froio
this government with their property, they shall be at liberty so to do within the
term of six months on condition of previously paying their debts, and obtaining
proper passport from the Governor. Furthermore, no person shall be suffered
to settle within this government without the Governor's previous approbation;
and finally, the Petitioners are granted and accorded freedom of conscience as
the same is permitted In the Netherlands.

Further, the Deputies from the towns of Woodbridge, Schrousbury and Middle-
towne situate at Achter Coll, coming into court, the above privileges were, at
their verbal request, in like manner granted and allowed to their towns; but all
subject to further orders from their High Mightinesses and his Serene Highness
of Orange.

Captain John Berry, William Sandfort, Samuell Edsall and Lourens Andriessen,
appearing before the Council request that they and their plantations may be con-
firmed In the privileges which they obtained from their previous Patroons, and
furthermore possess unobstructed their houses, lands and goods and enjoy such
further privileges as are granted and accorded to all other the Inhabitants of Achter
Coll, lately called New Jersey.

Ordered thereupon:

The Petitioners shall enjoy their lawfully acquired houses, lands and goods,
together with such privileges as are granted and accorded to their neighboring
towns of Achter Coll. What regards the privileges obtained from their previous
Patroons, the same is denied the Petitioners. — Col. Docs. N. Y. 11. 576, 577.

At a Meeting of the Commanders and Honorable Council
OF War of New ISTetherland, Holden in Fort Willem
Hendrick 24th August, 1673.

The following is the Form of the Oath for Town Magistrates:
Whereas wee N. N. are chosen by ye authority of the high and mighty Lords
the Staets Generall etz to be Magestraets of the towne called N. N. wee doe
sweare, in ye Presence of ye allmighty Godt, to be true and Cfaithffull to ye said
authority, and their Governors for ye time being, and that wee equally and impar-
tially shall exercise, Justice betwixt party and party, without Respect off persons
or nations, and that wee shall ffollow such ffurther orders and Instructions as
Tree ffrom time to time shall receive ffrom ye Governor and Councell in time being.
So help us God.— Col. Docs. N. Y. ii. 583.

Court Minutes of ]N'ew Amsterdam.

Ordinance for Better Observance of the Sabbath.

1673, August 28.

Whereas we experience to our grief, that the previously enacted and frequently
renewed Placards and Ordinances against the desecration of the Sabbath of the
Lord, the unlawful and unseasonable tapping on the same and after setting of the
watch or drum beat, are not observed, but that many of the inhabitants almost
make it a custom, In place of observing the Sabbath, as it ought to be observed, to
frequent the taverns more than on other days and to take their delight in illegal
exercises, to prevent and obviate which hereafter as much as possible for the

OF THE State of Xew Yoek. 633

future, the Schout, Burgomasters and Schepens renew the aforesaid Placards,
enacted on that subject and hereby Interdict and forbid within this City of New
Orange and the jurisdiction thereof from sunrise to sundown on Sunday all sorts
of handicraft, trade and tratfick, gaming, boat racing, or running with carts or
wagons, fishing, fowling running and plclsing nuts, strawberries etc. all riotous
racing, calling and shouting of children in the streets, together with all unlawful
exercises and games, drunkenness, frequenting tavertis or taphouses, dancing, card-
playing, ballplaylng, rolling nine pins or bowls etc. which Is more in vogue on this
than on any other day; to prohibit and prevent which, all tavern keepers and tap-
sters are strictly enjoined to entertain no clubs on this day from sunrise to sunset,
nor permit nor suffer any games in their houses or places, on pain for the tavern
keeper, who shall be found to suffer such in his house, of forfeiting for the first
offence twenty five gl., for the second offence fifty gl. and for the third offence he
shall no longer be allowed to tap and moreover forfeit a fine of one hundred guild-
ers zeawant; and each person found on Sunday In a Club or Gaming shall forfeit
three guilders zeawant; and if any children be caught on the streets playing,
racing and shouting, previous to the termination of the last preaching, the otflcero
of the law may take their hat or upper garment, which shall not be restored to the
parents, until they have paid a fine of two guilders.

The intention of the above prohibition is not, that a stranger or citizen shall not
buy a drink of wine or beer for the assuaging of his thirst, but only to prevent the
sitting of clubs on the Sabbath, whereby many are hindered resorting to Divine
Worship.

Further, no tapsters nor tavernkeepers shall tap, present or sell any wines,
brandies, beer etc., nor set any clubs on Sunday, nor on the night of any other day
after setting of the watch or riuging of the bell, under the penalty and fine as
above. Done In the City Hall of the City of New Orange the 28fh of August
Anno 1673.

By order of the Schout, Burgomasters and Schepens aforesaid.— Records of New
Amsterdam, Vol. 6. pp. 405, 406.

FoEMs OF Oath for the Dutch and English, Kespectively.

1673. Aug. ::«.

At a meeting of the Commanders and Honorable Council of War holden the '-:".»th of

August, 3673.

Present — Commander Jacob Benckes,

Commander Cornells Evertsen, Junior,
Captain Anthony Colve.

Capt. Wlllem Knyff and Lieutenant Jorons. do Hubert are this day ordered with
Ephralm Herman, clerk In the oUke of Secretary Raynrd, to repair to the Towns
of Mldwout, Amcsfort, Brcnkelen, Itreght, Boswyck, (Jravesandt. Flushing, Heem-
stede, Rustdorp and Mkhlleborgh on Long Island, and to admlnlstir the onth of
allegiance to all the inhabitants thereof: to which end a conimlsslon Is granted to
them.

Note.— The form of the oath to be taken by the Inhabitants of the Dutrh Nation
shall be as follows:

We do promise and swear, in the presence of the Almlchty God. to bo loyal and
faithful to their High MlghtlnefiKes the Lords Sfates-GenerMl of the Inltod Nether-
lands and his Serene Highness the Prince of Orange and their Governor already,
or hereafter to be appointed here, and to romi-ort ..nrsolvos on all orrnslons ai
loyal and faithful subjects are bound to do. So truly help me (;od Almighty.

The following Is the form of the oath to be taken by the Inhabitants of the
English Nation:

Wee do sware in the presence of the Almighty Godt. that wee shall l.r true and
faithful to the High and Mighty L.-rds the Sta.-ts (Jennerall of the Lnlted IT-vlnrcs
of his Serene lllghnesse the Lord Prln.e of Orange and Iholr Governors here for

1673

634 Ecclesiastical Records

the tijme being, and to behave ourselves uppon all occasions, as true and lawfull
subjects provided onlij that wee shall not be forced in armes against our owne
nation if they be sent bij authoritij of his Majesty of England, except they be
accompanied by a commission of force of other nations when wee do oblidge our-
selves to take up armes against them So help us God. — Col. Docs. N. S. ii. 589.

Petition fkom Kingston for Help to Support Their

Minister.

1673, Sept. 1.
At a meeting of the Commanders and Honorable Council of War, holden in Port
Willem Hendrik the 1st September, 1673.

Present — Commander Jacob Benckes,

Commander Cornells Evertse, Jr.,
Captain Anthony Colve.

The Delegates from the Esopus appearing, delivered in a certain Pefition where-
upon the following Order was made:

The above Petition of the Magistrates of Swaenenburgh, heretofore called Kings-
towne, also the Petition of the Magistrates of the towns of Horley and Marble
towne, situate in the Esopus, being read and considered at a meeting of the Honor-
able Commanders and adjoined Council of War of the squadron of ships in the
North river of New Netherland, etc.

It is ordered as follows:

First. The Petitioners shall give in a list of the number of their inhabitants, and
what they will be able to contribute to the support of a Minister, which shall be
transmitted by us to our principals. Regarding the requested instruction it will
be prepared on the earliest opportunity by the Governor and sent to the Petition-
ers.— Col. Docs. N. Y. li. 592.

Petitions from Albany as to Their Privileges Under the
Restored Dutch Government.

1673, Sept. 1.

The Delegates from Fort Orange, lately called Albany, requesting an audience,
are admitted, and delivered in a writing containing the following articles, which
are answered as appears annexed in the margin.

Points to be proposed by the Dele- The annexed petition being taken into

gates to the Honorable Council of War consideration by the Honorable Council

of the Squadron of Ships lying at pres- of War, their Honors have ordered that

ent before the Fort called Willem Hen- Fort Albany shall henceforward [be

drick, for the Maintenance and preser- called Fort Nassau, and the Town of

vation of the rights of the Town of Beverwyck, Willemstadt, and have fur-

Beverwyck and Fort Orange: ther ordered as follows:

First and foremost: Most seriously 1st The Commandant there shall be
to request that the Officers and Jus- most expressly ordered to protect the
tices of Fort Orange and Beverwyck Reformed Christian Religion, and fail-
aforesaid may be upright protectors of ing so to do, the Petitioners shall have
the true Reformed Religion, according to address themselves to the Governor
to the Ordinances of beloved Father- at this place, and the Magistrates shall
land. alone consist of persons belonging to,

Secondly. That conscience shall not o^" ^t least well affected towards the
be subjected to any constraint, as there Reformed Christian Religion,
are some here of different opinions who 2nd Article is granted, and the Corn-
have intermarried, but that every one mandant and Magistrates are ordered
shall be at liberty to go where he to pay attention to it. — Col. Docs. N.
pleases to hear the Word or God. Y. ii. 593.

OF THE State of Xew York. 635

1673

The Corporation of I^ew Or^\.nge [jSTew York] to the States-
General, Respecting the Means for Prosperity in Xew
E"etherland.

1673. Sept. 8.

High aud Mighty Lords:— It has pleased the All-goveruing God so to bless your
High Mightinesses and his Serene Highness' Arms under the command of Com-
mander Jacob Benckes and Cornells Evertse, Jr., that this entire Province of New
Netherland, consisting of three cities and thirty villages, was, to the great joy of
its good inhabitants, on the 9th of August last, reduced again under the obedience
of your High Miglitinesses aud his Serene Highness, their lawful and native Sov-
ereigns, from whose protection they were cut off about nine years ago In time of
peace. In the name and on the behalf of our loyal Burghery, we heartily and
with due respect thank your High Mightinesses and his Serene Highness, under
God, for this reduction and recovery. And, furthermore, have thought necessary,
officially and dutifully to represent briefly to your High Mightinesses, that the reduc-
tion and recovery of this Province will, in time, be able to confer, exclusive of the
reputation and respect, great profit and considerable advantage on the state of our
beloved Fatherland, viz.: Many private families who are ruined by the French
Invasion, will be able very easily to earn a living in this country, if a helping
hand were extended to them only for the first year, whereby this Province, which
almost wants for nothing but people to promote agriculture and farming, would
be so advanced as In time to become, for Fatherland, a granary and magazine of
many necessaries which are ordinarily imported from the Sound. A portion of
this Province called the Esopus, consisting of three villages, having already, last
year, delivered about twenty five thousand skepels of grain (kooren). Certainly
Curacao and Serenam could, from this day forward, be provided from this place
with necessary provisions. By which means we shall be able to exchange our,
and they their, wares. This Province Is, also, very convenient and serviceable for
Western cruisers in time of war to bring In their prizes and to provide themselves
with fresh stores. Moreover, a constant eye can be kept on the actions. In this
country, of the King of England, who, In case he only came to be Lord and
Master of this Northern part of America, would be able to equip ships here
unknown to any Prince or Potentate In Europe, and thus most unexpectedly fall
on our State or its allies. To the above Is still to be added the Beaver and Peltry
trade for the maintenance of commerce with Muscovy; the Tobacco trade, and
much more which we shall omit for brevity's sake and In order not to trouble your
High Mightinesses with any longer details, and, therefore, rather refer to the
verbal report and Information of Cornelia van Kuyven, the bearer hereof, who
hath filled divers respectable offices here, who will be able fully to acquaint your
High Mightinesses with all the circumstances of the country and Its Inhabitants.
For all which preceding and many other reasons. It Is highly necessary to main-
tain this newly recovered Province whoso present cimditinn la au.h that, without
any actual and speedy reinforcement from Patrla. It cannot, evidently, resist Its
numerous neighboring English and French enemies by whom It la encompassed
around on all sides; who, without a doubt, will exert every elTort to take revenge.
If possible, for your High Mightinesses* victory here, when the good Dutch Inhab-
itants, who, with women and children, are estimated to amount here to about six
to seven thousand souls, but In consequence of the vaafness of the country, are at
a great distance the one from the other, would have nothing else to expect than
total ruin and destruction, wlibh God forbid. Therefore have we taken the lib-
erty to address ourselves to your High Mightinesses, and with all due submission,
humbly requesting and praying you. High and Mighty. In your wonted benevolence,
to apply yourselves to the preservation of this Province and of ao many soula. and
supply them with such necessary, and above all things, speedy auccor. aa shall be
found to appertain to the proper defence of this newly recovered Province. The
requisitions therefor we refer to the paternal care and opinion of our Honorable
Commanders, who, undoubtedly, will submit the necessity thereof, at n proper
time to your High Mightinesses. Meanwhile, hoping they will protect us. under

636 Ecclesiastical Records

God, with the force they command, from all invasions of the enemy; which pray-
ing of the All-good God, who will grant your High Mightinesses and your govern-
ment lasting and prosperous rule, we shall be and remain,
Your High Mightinesses'

Most humble and most obedient
servants and subjects.
The Schout, Burgomasters and Schepens of
the City of New Orange. — Col. Docs. ii. 526.
New Orange, on the
Island of Manhatans, in
New Netherland, this 8th
September, Anno 1673.

Freedom of Religion Granted to Lutherans at Albany.

26 Sept. 1673.

The Governor General of New Netherland having read and considered the peti-
tion of Myndert Fredricksen, Jan Hendricksen Bruyns, Volckert Jansen, Hans
Hendricksen and Hans Dreper. in their own and in the name of their congregation
of the Augsburg Confession at Willemstadt, (Albany) requesting in substance free
exercise of their religious worship, without let or hindrance, to the end that they
may live in peace with their fellow burghers, etc.

It is ordered as follows:

The petitioners are granted and allowed their aforesaid request, on condition of
comporting themselves peaceably and quietly without giving any offence to the
congregation of the Reformed Religion, which is the State Church (de hoofft
Kercke.) Dated Fort Willem Hendrick, this 26th 7ber, 1673.— Col. Docs. N. Y. ii.
617.

Instruction for Andries Draeyer, Commander and Schout, at Fort Nassau.

1673, 27, 7ber.

1. The pure, true Christian Religion, agreeably to the Synod of Dort, shall be
taught and maintained in all things as it ought, without suffering any the slightest
attempt to be made against it by any other sectaries. — Col. Docs. N. Y. ii. 618.

Order to the Magistrates of the Villages in the JSTevesines
IN Regard to Approaching Ships and for a New Election
OF Officers at Shrewsbury.

other officers than Quakers to be elected at Shrewsbury, N. J.

A letter was written to-day to the Magistrates of the villages, lying in the Neve-
Binks on the sea-coast to direct that they and their inhabitants should speedily
Inform the Governor General of the arrival of any ship from sea.

Whereas the Late Chosen Magistrates off Shroudbury are found to be Persons,
whoes Religion will not suffer them to take any oath or administer the same to
others, wherefore they can Nott be fitt Persons for that office, I have therefore
thought fitt, to order that by ye said Inhabitants off ye said Towne a New Nom-
ination shall be made off four Persons off the true Protestant Christian religion,
out of which I shall elect two and Continue one off ye former for Magistrates of
ye said Towne. Dated att ffort Willem Hendrick this 29th 7tember 1673.

Signed A. Colve.

— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiii. 477.

OF THE State of New Yoek. C37

Instruction foe Peter Aldrickx, Schout and Commander at
THE South Eiver.

1673, 29, 7ber.
1. The pure, true Christian Religion, according to the Synod of Dort, shall be
taught and maintained in every proper manner, without suffering anything to be
attempted contrary thereunto by any other sectaries. — Col. Docs. N. Y. 11. 618.

1673

Provisional Instruction for the Schout and Magistrates of
Midwout, Amersfoort, Breuckelen, New Utrecht, and

GrAVESEND, .L. I., AND TO THE MAGISTRATES OF BuSHWYCK.

1673, Oct. 1.

Art. I. The sheriff and Magistrates shall each in his quality, take care that the
Reformed Christian Religion be maintained in conformity to the Synod of Dord-
recht, without permitting any other sects attempting anything contrary thereto.—
Col. Docs. N. Y. 11. 620.

Art. 15. Towards the time of election, the Sheriff and Schepens shall nominate
as Schepens a double number of the best qualified, the honestest, most Intelligent
and wealthiest inhabitants, exclusively of the Reformed Christian religion or at
least well affected thereunto, to be presented to the Governor, who shall then
malie his election therefrom with continuation of some of the old ones In case his
honor may deem it necessary.

Dated Fort Wiliem Hendrlck, the first of October, 1673.— Col. Docs. N. Y. 11. 022.

Proclamation for a Day of Humiliation axd Thanksgiving.

1673, Xov. 15th.

Trustj and A\'elbeloA^ecl, Concidering the ManifoKi Blessings
and favours which the Boimtifull and Merciful god hath bene
pleazed graciously to Bestow uppon this Province and the Tiihal)-
itants thereof, amongst which is to be Esteemed beyond all others
the free and pure worshipp of god ; which Blessing together with all
others ought Not only to drawe and oblidge us to dutifull thanck-
f ulnesse, but also meeknesse and Rependance because of our Mani-
fold sins and Transgressions, to the End the said Blessings and fa-
vours of our god may bo Continued towards us and this People and
Country be free from this weldescrved Wroth and Indignation;
Ejiow ye therefore that wee have thought it Necessary and do

638 Ecclesiastical Records

by these presents order and Proclaime an universal day of fast^
humiliation and thancksgiveing, which shall be held mthin this
Province on the first Wednesday on every month, and begimn on
the first wesnesday of the next ensuing month of December,
being Second day of the said Month, and soo alsoo uppon Every
first Wednesday of ye month thereunto Ensuing; And to the End
the said day of humiliation and thankxgiveing may be the better
put in practice and due Execution, Wee do hereby strictly pro-
hibite and forbid on the said day of humiliation Thankxgiviug all
manner of Labour and exercizings, of hunting, ffisshing, gaming,
Excesse in drincking and the Lyke; and all Inkeepers and ordi-
naris not to Retayle any Licquore or drinke, uppon Penalty of
Corporall Punishment, To the true performance of which wee do
hereby strictly order and Comand all Magistrates, officers and
Justices of this Province and prolecute against the Transgressions
according to the Tennor thereof, and to Cause this Proclamation
to bee published in due time and place; Soo wee Recommand you
to the Protextion of the Almighty godt;

Trusty and welbeloved.

Your Loving ffrinds,

(: Signed:) Anthony Colve.

In fort William Hendrick this 15th of l^ovember.

(Vnderstood:)
By order of the governor gen-
erall and Councell of the Niew
ISTetherlands.

N: Bayard Secretary.
— Col. Docs. K Y. ii. 658.

OF THE State of New Yokk. 639

The States-General to Chables II.

1673, Dec. 9/19.

Sire: We know not ^vhat reason finally induced your Majesty
to write to us such a letter as has been delivered to us by the
Trumpeter whom we sent to your Majesty, and which is dated the
7/17 November. Yet we consider ourselves obliged to thank
your Majesty for the honor you have been pleased to confer on
us. And especially can we not omit making known to your
Majesty our regret to find its contents so disadvantageous to us;
and that the Minister in whom your Majesty has reposed confi-
dence, have, up to the present time, made use of their knowledge
to bring matters to the stand they now occupy, even persuading
your Majesty so far as to have conjointly reminded you of very
many things which they supposed your ^Majesty had altogether
forgotten, and which they in their consciences well know are far
from the truth.

This consideration, Sire, prevents us answering particularly the
principal points of the letter your Majesty hath written us.

1673

We are ready to renew with your Majesty the Treaty con-
cluded with us at Breda in the year 1007.

Finally, in order to manifest to your Majesty the special esteem
which we entertain for your friendship, wo hereby also offer the
restitution of New ISTetherland and of all other places and Colonies
which have been won by our arms during the present war.
Firmly convinced that your Majesty will bo unwilling to refuse a
reciprocal engagement to restore to us such lands and forts as
your subjects may have taken from us. — Col. Docs. N. Y. ii. 531.

The Hague, 9/19 December, 1673.

1673

640 Ecclesiastical Records

Court Minutes or*l!^Ew Amsterdam.

Magistrates to be only of the Reformed Religion.

At a Court holden at the City Hall of the City New Orange on the 16th January
Anno 1674. Present the Honorable Hr. Governor General together with the W. Hr.
Schout, Burgomasters and Schepens of the City aforesaid.

The Honorable Governor delivered to the Court a provisional instruction for the
Schout, Burgomasters and Schepens abovementioned, reading as follows:

Copy.

Provisional Instruction for the Schout, Burgomasters and Schepens of the City of
New Orange. [New York.]

1. The Schout and Magistrates shall, each in his quality, take care that the Re-
formed Christian Religion conformable to the Synod of Dordrecht shall be main-
tained, without suffering any other sects attempting any thing contrary thereunto.

15. The Schout, Burgomasters and Schepens aforesaid shall convoke an Assembly
on the 11th day of the month of August, being eight days before the election of new
Magistrates, and in presence of the Commissioner to be qualified for that purpose
by the Honorable Governor General nominate a double number of the best qualified
honorable and most wealthy persons and such only as are of the Reformed
Christian Religion, or at least well affected towards it, as Schout, Burgomasters
and Schepens aforesaid, which nomination shall be handed in and presented, folded
and sealed, on the same day to his Honor, from which nomination the election shall
then be made by his Honor on the 17th day of the month of August, with continua-
tion of some of the old Magistrates, in case his Honor shall consider the same
necessary. Done at For*- Willem Hendrick the 15th of January 1674. — Records of
New Amsterdam, Vol. 7. pp. 36, 39.

Court Minutes of jSTew Amsterdam.

Case of Rev. Jacob Fabritius, Lutheran.
IQ'7'i ' 1674, January 17.

Annettie Ffrabitius, pltf. v/s Jacobus Ffrabitius, deft. Deft, demands postpone-
ment until the next Court day, as he had not pltf's. declaration long enough. Pltf.
through her attorney Allard Anthony demands, that the pltf. may be ordered to
give her up the room in the house. Burgomasters and Schepens decree, that
Magister Jacobus Fabritius* shall provisionally remain in the chamber, until the
case in question be disposed of; and he was also allowed time until the next Court
day to prepare his answer.

Court Minutes of ]^ew Amsterdam.

Case of Rev. Fabritius.

1674, Feb. 15.

Anna Fabritius, pltf. v/s Jacobus Fabritius, deft. Ordered that copy of the
deft's. last entered answer shall be delivered to the pltf.

♦ The first minister of the Lutheran Church, who was allowed to hold service in
New York according to his tenets. His predecessor Goetwasser was subjected to all
kinds of indignities under Dutch rule. But even though on the return of the Dutch
in 1673, Governor Colve allowed the free exercise of worship to the Lutherans
(September 26, 1673), Fabricius was on March 1. 1674, brought up before the Gov-
ernor and Council for having solemnized a marriage, without having been lawfully
authorized to act as clergyman. At the same time he was accused of having com-
mitted bigamy, but the Court declared this charge unfounded, forbidding him
nevertheless to act as clergyman for a year. — Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. 7.
p. 44.

[BiiAR'

ASTOn, LENOX A'JD
TILDErj FOU.NDATIONS.

OF THE State of New York. 641

Petition Against Rev. J. Fabritius.

24 Feb. 1674.

To the Worshlpfull Heeren President, Burgomaster and Schepens of this City of
New Orange. Annetje Cornells represents with very great humility that she hath
divers times requested that the house belonging to her and her children from God
and nature may be given up to her, as she Is very sickly and beladen with the
Quartan Ague, having been obliged the whole winter to sleep in the garret under
the roof of the house, which truly Is a very hard thing to happen to an old woman,
and all this for a drunken and constant prophaner of God's Name, a cl-devant
Lutheran Preacher, named, as he says Jacobus Fabritius her married but unfaithful
husband, who has driven her out of her own house and Chamber which she Intended
for her son; which Is truly a matter that ought not be tolerated In a place where
Law is maintained as is the case in this Government, the good God be fervently
thanked therefor.

The Petitioner therefore humbly beseeches your Worships to be pleased to order
that he deliver up the key of the room without delay to the petitioner and to Inter-
dict or forbid him to presume to enter the house any more until further order from
your Worships, on pain of certain arbitrary Correction to be found fitting by your
Worships, the rather as said Fabritius did Yesterday not only use force and violence
In said house, but also stole property, which at a proper time shall be proved;
whereupon awaiting Your favorable apostllle, remains, etc.

Apostllled —
The accompanying Petition being considered and read in Court, the Petitioner
Annetje Cornells' request Is granted and allowed, especially as Jacobus Fabritius
hath of himself left the house and, contrary to the previous order and prohlbitlun
given him, hath behaved very uncivilly and badly; and the said Jacobus Fabritius
is ordered to deliver up the said key to the Petitioner and not to presume IJ
molest her In any way until the W. Court shall otherwise provide therein. — Doc.
Hist. N. Y. ill. 242. Record of New Amsterdam, Vol. 7, pp. 5)S, 00.

Valuation of Property in Xew York in 1G74.

iTth .Mari'h, 1G74.

1674

Pursuant to a second order of the Governor General, (Colve)
the following valuation was tliis day extracted, in the City Hall
of this city, by the Commis.sioners, from the second compiled valu-
ation of the best and most affluent inhabitants of this city, to wit:

Holland Currency.

Adolph Pieterse II. 1,100.00.00

Assur Levy l.',r,00.00.00

Parent Coerten 3,500.00.00

Balthazr. Bayiird 1,500.00.00

Balthazr. do haort's house 2.000.00.00

Cornelis Steenivyck 50,000.00.00

Cornelis van Puwon IS.000.00.00

642

Ecclesiastical Eecords

1674

Holland Currency.

Carsten Liiersen 5,000.00.00

Claes Bordingh 1,500.00.00

Coenraet Ten Eyck 5,000.00.00

Christopher Hooghlandt 5,000.00.00

Coruelis Clopper . 5,000.00.00

Cornells van Borsim 8,000.00.00

Cornells Dirckse v. Westveen . ., 1,200.00.00

Daniel Hondecontre 5,000.00.00

Dirck Smit . . 2,000.00.00

Dirck van Clyff 1,500.00.00

Dirck Sleeken 2,000.00.00

Egidlus Luyck 5,000.00.00

Evert Pietersen 2,000.00.00

Evert Dnycldngh 1,600.00.00

Fredrick Philipsen 80,000.00.00

Erancoys Rombonts 5,000.00.00

Gelyn Verplanek 5,000.00.00

Gabriel Minvielle 10,000.00.00

Hendrick Wesselse Smit 1,200.00.00

Hendrick Willemse Backer 2,000.00.00

Hans Kiersteede 2,000.00.00

Johannes van Brugh 14,000.00.00

Johannes d'Peyster 15,000.00.00

Jeroninnis Ebbingh 30,000.00.00

Jacob Kip , 4,000.00.00

Isaacq van Vleecq 1,500.00.00

Isaacq de Eoreest 1,500.00.00

Jacob d' haert 6,000.00.00

Jan Hendrickse van Bommel 1,500.00.00

Jacob van de Water 2,500.00.00

Isaacq van Tright and brother's houses. ....... 2,000.00.00

Jacob Abramse, shoemaker 2,500.00.00

Jonas Bartelse 3,000.00.00

Jan Harberding 2,000.00.00

OF THE State of New York. G43

Holland Currency.

Jacob Theimisse Kav 8,000.00.00

Jan Lawrence 10,000.00.00

Jan Coly, smith 1,200.00.00

Jan Shakerly 1,400.00.00

Jan Joosten, sloop Captain 1,500.00.00

Jacob leisler 15,000.00.00

Jacob Varravanger 8,000.00.00

Lonrens vancler Spiegel 6,000.00.00

Lnvcas Andriese, sloop Captain 1,500.00.00

Marten Cregier, Senior 2,000.00.00

Mattbjs de Haert 12,000.00.00

Nicolaes de Meyer 50,000.00.00

Islcolaes Bayard 10,000.00.00

Olof Stevense van Cortlandt 45,000.00.00

Pieter Jacobse Marius 5,000.00.00

Poulis Richard 5,000.00.00

Reynier Willeinse Backer 5,000.00.00

Stephanus van Cortlandt 5,000.00.00

Sxinon Janse Romyn 1,200.00.00

Thomas Lewis 0,000.00.00

"William Bcecknian 3,000.00.00

Total il. 520,000.00.00

1674

Tn witness of the truth is this signed by the abovcmontioncd
Commissioners. Dated New Orange, tliis IDth February, ITiTl.

(Signed), Cornelis Stoenwyck,

Aegidius Luyck,
Cornelis van Ruyven,
,I;i('<»b LcLsohT,
Franooys Rombout,",
Willoni Boeokman.
— Co]. Doc.^. X. Y. ii. 690, 700.

1674

644 Ecclesiastical E-ecokds

Charles II. to the States-General.

1674, March 31.

High and Mighty Lords, Our good Friends, Ailies and Confederates: — Whereas by
the sixth Articie of the Treaty recentiy conciuded between us, it is agreed that ail
lands, islands, towns, ports, castles and forts that one of the parties might have
taken from the other in Europe and elsewhere during the last war, should be re-
stored on the one side and the other to the Lord and Proprietor who was in posses-
sion thereof previous to the said war, in the same state in which they might be at
the time of the publication of the peace, agreeable to said Article; We desire that
you would order the despatch as early as possible of the necessary instructions to
your Governor or Commandant of the place called New York in the West Indies, to
surrender it to Sieur Edmund Andros, or to such other person as we shall depute
thither, with all its dependencies, arms, artillery, ammunition and material of war,
of what sort soever they may be, and in the same state as they were at the time
of the publication of the peace; Which orders you will please give to Chevalier
Sylvius to be sent hither, as we have ordered said Andros to proceed to the said
place of New York with all diligence, and to take possession of it, for us and in
our name. We rely on the effects of your friendship and justice on this occasion
and on all others on our part we promise you the like. Praying God that he may
have you. High and Mighty Lords, our good friends, allies and confederates, in
His holy keeping. Written at Whitehall this last day of March, 1674.

Your very good friend,

(Signed), Charles R.

— Col. Docs. N. Y. 11. 544.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Rev. Roelandus Carpentier.*

1674, April 9th.

Rev. Visscherus, Dep. at causas Maritimas, stated that the
Honorable Councilors of the Admiralty, had called before them
the Deputies of this Classis on certain affairs, and made known to
them that it was the desire of their Honors, that there might be
called bj this Classis a minister for the ship of his excellency,
Rear Admiral (Schout by nacht) Engel de Ruyter, There was
particularly recommended for this position. Rev. Roelandus Car-
pentier, a candidate of this Classis, who appeared before the As-
sembly and was asked whether he was disposed to be employed as a
minister (chaplain) on the National fleet, (navy). He showed
himself willing, if such a call were made out for him, to accept
it in the fear of the Lord, Whereupon after he had preached a
sermon in the presence of the Assembly on the words of Paul in

• Probably a relative of Eev. Oasparus Carpentier.

OF THE State of New York. 645

Eom. 8:31, " If God be for us, who can be against us? " he was
unanimously called bv the Classis to the aforesaid service. And
having been stante Classi examined on the principal articles of
the Christian religion, in so far as could be done, on account of
the shortness of the time, he gave such satisfaction that he was
ordained to the Sacred Ministry, in the name of the Lord, with
the laying on of hands. The Depp, ad cans. Maritimas, will fur-
nish him with tlie proper papers in the premises, vii. 81. xix.
168.

States-General to the Governor of J^Tew Netherland.

(From the Eegister of Uitgegane Brieven of the States General,
in the Royal Archives at the Hague.)

The States, etc.
Honorable, etc. We have received a letter from the King of
Great Britain dated the 31st of March last, concerning the Resti-
tution of jSTew JSTetherland, and have this day adopted the accom-
panying resolution thereupon, which we send you, ordering and
commanding you precisely to regulate and comport yourself ac-
cording to the tenor thereof, so far as you are concerned, without
failing in any manner therein. For such is our earnest intention
and will. Col. Docs. ]Sr. Y. ii. 547.

The Hague, 16th April, 1674.

Order Refusing Domine Fabricius Permission to Baptize.

Jacobus Fabricius, late Luthrrnn ^linistrr, requests in a peti-
tion, that the sentence against him should be mitigated so far,
that he, the petitioner, might be at least allowed to bajitize, if ho
may not preach and act as minister. The answer given was, that
petitioner's request is dcnitd. Cnl. Docs. K. Y. xii. 512.

April 18, 1674.

1674

646 ■ Ecclesiastical Recoeds

Case Betweek Wm. Teller and Gideon Schaets.

! At a Council, 18th of April, 1674.

Read and considered the petition of Mary Varlet, wife of William Teller, setting
forth that he Is gravely Injured by a certain Judgement pronounced by the Court of
Willemstadt, on the last, between the Petitioner and Gideon Schaets, re-

questing therefore that it may be taken Into consideration and the papers examined,

It Is ordered:

Fiat mandamus in case of appeal. — Col. Docs. N. Y. ii. 707.

Punishment for Disturbing Public Worship.

At a Council, 18th April, 1674. Present — Governor-General Anthony Colve,
Councillor Cornells Steenwyck, Mr. Cornells van Ruyven and Secretary Nicolas
Bayard, assumed Councillors, and Fiscal Willem Knyff.

Whereas Samuel Forman, residing at Oysterbay, on Long Island, at present a
prisoner, hath dared to come, some time ago, into this city without permission and to
make great noise and uproar along the public streets; and whereas he has attempted
to disturb the public peace, and, moreover, presumed to come into the church on the
last Sabbath, and there, in full meeting, during divine service, to make great out-
cry, abusing with great levity, the Word of God, and blaspheming His Holy Name,
all which, in a well regulated community, can in no wise be tolerated but ought to
be punished as an example to others; therefore the Governor-General of New
Netherland, administering justice in the name and on the behalf of their High-
Mightinesses, the Lords States-General of the United Netherlands and his Serene
Highness the Prince of Orange, having heard the Piscal's demand and the prisoner's
acknowledgement, have condemned and sentenced, do hereby condemn and sentence
said Samuel Forman to be brought to the place where justice is usually executed,
there to be severely whipped with rods, and to be banished forever out of thi*
Province; furthermore, to pay the costs and expenses of justice.

Done at Fort Willem Hendrick, the 19th April, 1G74.

By order of the Governor-General

and Council of New Netherland.

(Signed) N. Bayard, Secretary.

— Col. Docs. N. Y. ii. 705.

Regarding the Maintenance of the Minister of Jamaica,

L.I.

Mesr Byarde — Much respected Sir. After my servis presented unto you these
are in all love to request you to do us that Kindness as to let our petition wee left
with you be presented to our Honorable Governour and his Council and to procure
us an answer to that perticular which conserns the mayntenans of our minister soe
that as hitherto he liath been mainetained that is to say by the towne in generall
every man paying according to proportion though they differ in judgment or would
upon any other pretens deny payment that then as formerly wee might by au-
thority take by destres or execution soe much of such persons estates as is there
proportion to pay as hitherto hath been done in such cases and as wee conseive
was promised by the generals when wee took the oath of our oflSses for there are
two men in our towne which doth deny to pay theire proportion and giveth such
threatening speeches that there is hardly any perswadeing of any one to goe with

OF THE State of New York. 647

the raarshall to assist him In the execution of this offls for they have a consalto

that unless wee have an order from the Governor to take it by destres of every

one that wee cannot doe it of ourselves by the power wee have allready there

being somthing sed in our Instructions that we are not to maintalne any other way

of Church Government then what Is according to the senod of dort, now he Is noe

ways repugnant to that senod, but if hee were, we ought to pay him for the time

past; nowe my humble request to you is that you would be pleased to send mee by

this Bearer Mesr. Jouas Woode an order from the Governor that those two men

namely Humphrey Underhlll and William Creede with any other that shall refuse

to pay shall be compelled to pay by authority the which If you will doe I shall.

thinke myselfe much ingaged to you and I hope it may prevent a great deale of

truble which otherwise I feare may arise thus in haste commending you to God, 1

rest hopeing to heare from you by this bearer your friend redy to serve you In

what I may.

Nathanlall Denton.

— Doc. Hist. N. y. iii. 120, 121.

From Jamaica alies Rustdorpe

this 9th of May, 1674.

Addressed, for Mesr. Nicholas Byarde,

Secretary at New Oranlae These.

PETiTioisr OF Widow Megapolexsis to Gov.-Gexeeal Col-ve

AND Council.

1074, June IG.

On the petition of widow Megapolensls, etc., the following recommendation la
granted her:

Whereas we are informed that a considerable sum is yet due to the widow of
deceased Domine Megapolensls and to Domine Samuel Megapolensls, late ministers
In this city, both from the city, and others, for earned salary, requesting that the
same may be paid her the earlier because sitid widow is now about to return to
Patria; therefore those of the W. Court of this city are recommended, on her peti-
tion, to examine the justice of said debts, and where the fault lies; why said earned
salaries :u-e still unpaid, and further, if possible, to devise some e.Kpodlent whereby
said arrears may be paid and discharged.

Whereas it has been represented to us that the widow of deceased Domine
Megapolensls and Domine Samuel Megapolensls, late ministers in this city, have
still due to each of them for earned salary from the town of Hergen, the sum of one
hundred florins, wampum value, requesting that the sum may be paid her. the
rather as said widow is on the eve of going to I'atria; therefore, the magistrates of
the aforesaid town are, on her presented petition, recommended to use all possible
means that said arrears may be forthwith paid and discharged.

Burgomaster Egldlus Luyck is hereby required and ordered to demand an account
from Jan Corsen, the steward, of the provisions received by him as steward since
the 10th of October, 1G73, to the 31st of May last, from snld Burgomn.ster Luyck
for the use of the garrison; and further, to settle and close said account with him
and thereof to report as soon as possible.— Col. Docs. N. Y. II. 72»'.

lt(74, Juno 27.

On petition presented by Mr. Cornells van Uuyven, on behalf of the widow of
deceased Domine Johaunis Megapolensls and of Domine Samuel megapolensls. re-
questing that what still Is due them for earned salary both from the West India
Company, from this city and the town of Bergen, may be ordered to be handed and
paid him, etc..

1674

648 Ecclesiastical Records

Ordti-ed by the Governor-General of New Netherland:

As regards the claim against the estate of the West India Company, the petitioner
is referred to the commissioners appointed on the 21st instant for the settlement
of its books and payment of its debts; regarding the debt of the city and of the
town of Bergen, it is already recommended to the respective Courts, in order that
some means may be found, if possible, to pay the same. — Col. Docs. N. Y. il. 726.

Court Minutes of N'ew Amsterdam.

Arrears of Salary due Rev. John Megapolensis, deed.

1674, June 28.

On the petition of Mr. Cornells van Ruyven requesting in substance for Domine
Samuel Megapolensis* and mother Megapolensis, payment of the arrears of the
Minister's salary etc. Apostilled. That they, the petitioners, shall come iu concur-
rence with others, the old creditors of the City of that time, for what the City is
found indebted to them, to be paid the arrears whenever means are found; and as
regards the debts of particular persons, the petitioners have their recourse again»t
them. — Records of New Amsterdam, Vol. 7. p. 104.

Commission of Andros to be Governor of New England, New
York and New Jersey.

Instructions for Governor Andross.

1674, July 1.
1

2. When you shall be arrived at New Yorke you shall take possession thereof in
my name from those Dutch who have lately seated themselves there and are
obliged by ye Article of His Majesty's last Treaty of Peace with ye States
Generall of ye United Provinces tu surrender it in ye same condicon that it was at
ye time of ye publication of ye said Treaty.

3. Being possessed of New Yorke (and in vertue thereof, of ye territories there-
unto belonging) you shall by all possible meanes satisfy ye Inhabitants, as well
Natives as Straungers as English that your intention is not to disturbe them In
their possessions, but on ye contrary that your coming is for their proteccon and
benefitt, for ye encouragement of Planters and Plantations and ye improvement of
trade and commerce, and for ye preservation of religion justice and equity amongst
you.

4. And ye better to perswade ye Inhabitants of ye sincerity of your intencons
herein, you are in ye first place to take care that a strict discipline be kept among
ye Soldiers and Officers under your Command, severely punishing any disorderly or
debauced proceedings among them, thereby to avoid all cause of Complaints from
ye Inhabitants and at ye same time to invite them by your example to live soberly
and discreetly in their severall vocacons.

5. You are not to molest or vex any person of ye Inhabitants there, upon pretence
of their having lately dealt treacherously in assisting Eveson or his party in taking
ye Fort or in giveing him intelligence of ye condicon thereof, thereby to invite him

* A son of Domine John Megapolensis, born in 1634, his father sent him to
Harvard College in 1655 to study the classics and English, and in 1658 to Utrecht,
Holland, to prepare himself for the ministry of the Reformed Church. Then he
studied medicine at Leyden, and having been licensed as Minister at Amsterdam in
1659 he came back to New York to assist his aged father. He was one of the-
regular ministers of the Reformed Church in New York from 1664 to 1668, and a
Commissioner to prepare the terms of surrender in 1664. In 1669 he returned to
Holland, where he first became pastor of his father's first Church at Wieringer-
waerd, and died in 1700 as Pastor Emeritus of the Scotch Church at Dordreght,
where he had served since 1685. — Corwin, Manual Refd. Church.

OF THE State of Xew York. 649

to the attempt (except such person havelng offended shall prove to be an English-
man, in which case onely you are to proceed against hlin to ye forfeiture of bis
«state, or as ye law shall determine) But if you shall find any of ye Dutch (or
other forreigners) Inhabitants have l)een active In this matter, you shall take care
to observe them more circumspectly hereafter, and if they be posted in any place
of strength where the continuance of persons of doubtfuU affections may be
dangerous, you shall by all lawfuli means induce them to remove to other places as
beneflclall to them but less hazardous to ye publlck safety. — Col. Docs. N. Y 111.
216.

1674

Under the subdivision of " Rates for the Customs of New York " In these In-
structions, occurs the following, relating to Religion: —

11. You shall permit all persons of what Religion soever, quietly to Inhabitt within
the precincts of your Jurisdiccon, without giving them any disturbance or disquiet
whatsoever, for or by reason of their differing opinions in matter of Religion; Pro-
vided they give no disturbance to the publlque peace, nor doe molest or disquiet
others in the free exercise of their religion. — Col. Docs. N. Y. 111. 218.

Complaint Against the Rev. Jacob Fabritius.

New Orange, July 17, 1674.

The Hr. Schout de Mill Pit. against Jacobus Ffabrltlus, Prisoner and Deft. The
Hr. Pit. says that the Deft, contrary to the order of this Court came by force on
the 11th of July last into the house of Annette Cornells his Wife, and brought In
there a chest against her will and consent; pushed a certain woman named Barentie
with her spinning wheel off the road and moreover, when he was warned to keep
still or that the Schout should otherwise have to be brought, he gave for answer.
He was tired of the Schout and Burgomaster, and when the Schout came himself
with order to remove him, the Deft, he resisted the Soldiers, pushing him IMt. on
the breast with many other evil acts. The Hr. Pit. therefore demands that the
Offender shall at least be banished forever out of this City's Jurisdiction or other-
wise punished according to his deserts as a person unworthy to live In a well regu-
lated Burghery havelng committed divers offences against the laws and ordinances
of our Fatherland; with the Costs Incurred and still to accrue.

Burgomasters and Schepens having hoard at length the demand ajid complaint of
the Hr. Officer together with the answer and excuse of the Prisoner, and having
seen and considered the depositions on both sides, condemn Maglster Jacobus
Fabrlthis In a fine of one hundred florins for the benellt of the Schout, and he shall
merely ask the Court's pardon for the Insults and Injuries committed against It at
divers times althinigh he deserved to l)e more severely punished: I-'urther their
Worships persist by their last rendered Judgement between said Ffabrltlus and his
wife Annetie Cornellssen dated 8lh of June last, with this explanation that said
Fabritius shall not presume to come to his said wife without her consent or to glv*
her any trouble. Further, p.-iyliig the ciKsts liicurre<l herein. — Doc. Hist. N. Y. 111.
243.

Petition' of ('hl'rch ok Xi:\v ^Ok-k ior C'dnfir.mation of
Their Titlk ro the Church in tiif. Fort, 1074, July 23rd.

On petition of the Consistory (Kerckenraat) of the Dutch Reformed Christian
Religion in New Oriiii^e with the Church Maaters (Korckmeeatersl of that city,
requesting in substninc innllnnatlon to them of the Cliunh standing In I'orf Wll-
lem Ilonilrick, wlilili it was agreed on the snrrcniler of this Province In the year
1664, sh(i\ild ullli other publli- buildings continue to be employed for the same pur-

1674

650

Ecclesiastical Records

pose as they then were used; as more fully appears by the second article of the
Capitulation.

Ordered:

Flat coufirmatio, and a deed In form shall be granted to the PetltionerB In the
premises. — Col. Docs. N. Y. 11. 730.

Gov. Colve confirms the title of the Consistory to the Church in the Fort, July

23, 1674.

Anthony Colve, on behalf of Their
High Mightinesses, the Lords States-
General of the United Netherlands, and
of His Serene Highness, the Prince of
Orange, etc., Governor General of New
Netherland, to all who may see this or
hear it read. Greeting:

Whereas the Rev. Consistory of the
Reformed Christian Religion In the City
of New Orange, with the Church Mas-
ters of the said city, have requested by
a petition, which petition was granted
on the 7th, that they may have, keep,
enjoy and use, as they have done in
former times until now, for the exercise
of divine worship, the Church, built and
standing in this Fort William Hendrick;

Therefore, by virtue of the commis-
sion granted to me as aforesaid; I have
given and confirmed, as I herewith give
and confirm, to the aforesaid Consistory,
and their congregation in this city, full
use of the said Church, for the exer-
cise of divine service as aforesaid; and
further grant to them full consent, lib-
erty and privilege to hold services in
the said Church on weekdays as well
as on Sundays without any molesta-
tion, as it has been done formerly,
charging and commanding all and every-
body to whom this shall be shown, or
whom it may in any way concern, to
allow the said Reverend Consistory and
their congregation the unmolested use
of the said Church, in accordance with
these presents.

Done at Fort William Hendrick, in
New Netherland, on the 2Srd of July,
1674.

A. Colve.

Anthony Colve, wegens haere hoog
Moogendheden, de heere Staten gener-
ael der vereenigde Nederlanden en syn
doorluchtige hoogheid den heere Prince
van Orangie, etc.. Governor Generael
van Nieuw Nederlandt, alien dengeenen
die desen sullen sien, ofte hooren
leeseu, Saluyt:

Alsoo de Eerwaerde ICerkenraet van
de gereformeerde Christelyke Religle
der steden N. Orangie geassisteert met
de kerkmeesters derselven steeden pr.
request hebben gerequesteert en by ap-
pointment van den 7 deser oock is gecon-
senteert, dat denselven sullen hebben,
behouden genieten ende gebruyken,
gelyck deselve in voorgaende tyde tot
nu toe hebben gehadt, tot oeft'eninge
van de godsdienst "t volcomen gebruyk
van de kerk, gehout. staende in desen
ffortressen Willem Hendrick;

Soo ist dat uyt Kraglit van de Com-
missie in qualetle als vooren aen my
verleent Aen wel gemelte Eerwaerde
Kerkeuraet en des selfs gemelten alhier
ter steden hebben vei'gunt ende gecon-
flrmeert gelyck aen deselve verguune
ende conTirmeert is mits desen volco-
men gebruyk vangemelte Kerk tot het
oeffenen van den Godtsdienst as voor-
schreven is gevende aen de selve by
desen volcomen Consent. Vrydom en
Prevylegie omme so wel ter weeke als
des Sondaghs inde selve Kerk haare
Godtsdiensten als voor desen sonder
eenlge Verhinderinge te plegen; Last-
ende ende bevelende alle ende een eyder
die desen sal werden vertoout ofte
eenigsins Concerneeren magh de wel-
gemelte Eerwaerde Kerkenraet ende
des selfs gemeente 't gebruyk van
gemelte Kerk A'olgens den teneur deses
ongemolesteert te laaten genieten.

Actum Fort Wm. Hendrick, in Nieuw
Nederlant a dy 23 July, 1674.

A. Colve.

— From " Register van Transporten,
Begonnen 29 November Ao. 1673. No. 3,
p. 46 (Col. MSS. Vol. xxiii. f. 433.)

OF THE State of New Yobk. 651

MERCiiA^iTTs Trading to New Netherland to the Admiralty

AT Amsterdam.

To the Honorable Mighty Lords Deputies at the Admiralty residing In Amsterdam.

Honorable Mighty Lords: The undersigned committee from the New Nether-
land Merchants, having understood that their High Mightinesses, by their letter
of the 5th instant, request your opinion on the security which should and ought
to be, in fairness, requested and required from the ('rown of England for the
inhabitants of New Netherland on the restitution of that country, have, on your
recommendation, prepared their Observations thereupon.

Before explaining themselves, they have deemed it their duty humbly to pray
you that, as they consider how Importantly profitable that country Is to this State,
as the New Netherland Merchants have fully remonstrated, you would please to
direct matters so that their High Mightinesses will be pleased to have the good-
ness to discover some means whereby his Majesty of England may be prevailed
on to relinquish the promised restitution for the behoof of this State, either in
exchange or for a sum of money, according as their High Mightinesses, in their
profound wisdom, shall judge most beneficial for this State; and, were this to
succeed, to stipulate from, and condition with, the Crown of England. If neces-
sary, such security as their High Mightinesses contemplate herein. Kut, if his
Majesty were not to be disposed to that relinqulsmeut by any devisable means,
and if, accordingly. New Netherland must bo restored to hlin, the undersigned
committee think, under correction, that their High Mightinesses, considering with
paternal commisseratlon, the miseries and troubles to whU'h, In consequence of
the restitution of that country. Its inhabitants are exposed, who, through great
attachment for their High Mightinesses' government, have zealously eserted
themselves for the success of their arms, are. In duty bound, emphatically to
oblige his said Majesty not to molest, punish nor Injure those luhnbltants for the
aforesaid cause nor for any other, for anything whatsoever they might have done
directly or indirectly during this war with England against his suld Mojesty,
nothing excepted, but that everything shall be for all times forgiven and for-
gotten, to all appearance, as If it had never happened, nor occurred.

Also, that the inhabitants there, as well as those of this country, shall remain
In possession of their houses, lands, bouwerles and all other goods and rights
which they have in yonder country; and If dispossessed of any of them during or
previous to this war, that all such shall be restored to them, with full power, bo
long as they remain there, to trade and barter, to sell or ex<liangc their goods, to
collect payment of their debts, and for all of thenj to settle, coutr.Kt. prosecute
and obtain judgement in all things with the same right, privilege and frt'cdom as
the English inhabitants there. Likewise, that the Dutch Inhabitants tlu-re shall,
at all times, be at liberty to transport themselves, with their goods and slaves,
from that country wlilthersoever they please, free and tinhlndired, and Hint the
Commander who shall then be over that Colony In lils Majesty's hehnlf. shall
give proper passports for such ptirpose to such departing Dutch Inhabitants
within two or three weeks after their request has been made; that, also, the
Colonic of Rensseiaerswyck shall be restored to the owners, with all such rights
and freedoms as they have enjoyed and possessed from the foundation thereof.

Further that the inhabitants on both sides, from here to New Netherland and
thence back to this country, shall be at liberty, free and unniolestcd. to go and
trade without being obliged. In the outward or homeward voyages, to touch at
and pay duty In Old England or any other place under his Majesty's jurisdiction,
which trade and resort his Majesty did grant to somi' ships about the year IfM'hS.
But in case his Majesty object to grant It. nnd Insist Hint flw outward or homo-
ward bound ships must touch at and pay duty in Old Kngland. we. the tmdcr-
eigned committee, humbly request that his Majesty may be disposed to ni>polnt
some person or persona In this country to whom the ships going to .New Neiher-
land or returuing thence, may pay the King's customs and dntli-s. ami tlms lir
relieved and excused from touching at or paying duly In Old England.

1674

652 Ecclesiastical Records

But should free trade be considered unsuccessful, In such case the Dutch inhab-
itants, who in the first instance, will have remained in New Netheriand, and
who, afterwards, contrary to the concluded agreement on experiencing ill-usage,
may resolve to depart thence, and shall be in want of ships for their conveyance,
their High Mightinesses might insist on sending ships thither for the conveyance
of the inhabitants, on such conditions as his Majesty hath agreed to the trans-
portation of his Inhabitants in Surinam Ijy the IVth Article of the Treaty of Peace
concluded at Westminster.

Finally, that the Treaty or Agreement whereby New Netheriand was surrendered
to Mr. Nikols for the Duke of York or Crown of England in the year 16&4,* shall
remain valid and be faithfully executed, except in so far as It may be or Is modi-
fled or altered by any subsequent agreement. But the undersigned submit all the
aforesaid to your Honorable Mightinesses' wise judgement and correction.

Wherewith, Honorable, Mighty Lords, may God preserve your persons and bless,
prosper and render successful your administration In this Intended work, which
is the sincere wish of

Your Honorable Mightinesses'
Humble servants,

(Signed), Gerart Hamel,

John Baptist van Renselaer,

Nicolaus Gouvemeur.

— Col. Docs. N. Y. li. 541, 542.

Duke of York to Govern^or Andros in Favor of the Rev.
Mr. Van Renselaer.

Major Andros: —

Nichalaus Van Renseslaer having made his humble request unto me, that I would
recommend him to be Minister of one of the Dutch churches in New York or New
'Albany when a vacancy shall happen; whereunto I have consented. I do hereby
desire you to signify the same unto the parishioners at yt (place) wherein I shall
looke upon their compliance as a mark of their respect and good Inclination
towards me. I am, etc. — Col. Docs. N. Y. Hi. 225.

23 July 1674.

Classis of Amsterdam.
Correspondence from America.

16Y4, Jiilv 26tli.
Rev. William Van ISTieuwenliuysen to the Classis of Amsterdam.

Reverend, Pious, Very Learned Fathers and Brethren in Christ : —

I have, since my arrival here, constantly sought opportunity to
write to you particularly, but have found little to communicate.
In July, 1673, we made you acquainted with the sympathy and
grief we felt, concerning the breach of the daughter of Zion, in
our beloved Fatherland, caused by traitors within, and the in-
vasion of the country by the French. We also acquainted you

• This included articles on Religion.

OF THE State of Xew Yokk. 653

with the death of the Kev. Samuel Drisius, one of the ministers
of this church, who went to rest in the Lord on the 18th of April
of that year, (1673). He had been appointed bj the late English
Governor here, (Lovelace) about the time of my arrival, (Or; ap-
pointed by the English Governor here, who had just arrived,) to
the service of the English church. He had been afflicted for a
considerable time with a considerable loss of mental power and
memory. I fear that the letter referred to has not come to your
hands, as it is reported that some of you are dissatisfied with our
neglect, as they term it, in writing. We greatly rejoice in the
treaty of peace between our country and the King of England;
but we would have still more greatly rejoiced, if this country had
not been restored to the crown (of England,) as has been done by
virtue of the sixth article of the treaty. Xot less pleasant to us,
was the intelligence that it had pleased the Almighty God to put
his hook in the nose of the arrogant French Sennacherib, (Louis
XIV.) and has thus stopped the desolations of his dearly bought
church. Also thereby God has extended his special protection over
several cities in particular, and over our whole Fatherland in gen-
eral, against the wanton and the scandalous, the cruel and the
murderous, the hellish incendiarism and the robberies, of this child
of Antichrist. We trust tliat this (treaty) may bring the end so
Ions desired. Xeither can we doubt, but that bv those things the
light of the Gospel will be made to shine much more brightly from
the candle-stick of our Fatherland ; that now ojiportunities will be
procured for many of our fellow-laborers, belonging either to the
Classis of your Reverences, or to some other Classis, to fulfill their
duties with joy, without fear of persecution as heretofore; for
when they and their families were driven out and persecuted, their
churches and their dwellings burned, their congrogntions scattered,
they were made a spoetiu-le of grief to all christians.

The church in this place flourishes under God's blessing, as
much as we could Impe f(»r, notwithstanding the fact that during
the last four weeks, in apprehension of a change of governors, cer-

1674

654 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

tain of our members have moved away, as some of your Rev. Body
will have learned from the letters of dismission exhibited to you
by them. Our church consists of between four and five hundred
members ; of whom, we can assure your Rev. Body, without boast-
ing, more than one hundred have been received under our ministry.
I have preached constantly three times a week, on Sundays and
Wednesdays, for which duties God has graciously strengthened
me. If we remain under the government of the States (of Hol-
land), it would be well to send over a sober-minded man as a col-
league to me; but if this cannot take place, I hope to fulfill my
ministry faithfully, as heretofore. Since my residence here three
hundred and seven children have been baptized by me in our
church, and fifty couples have been publicly married by me be-
longing to the congregation. Hence if nothing unpropitious oc-
curs in our government, a great increase in the church and in this
community may be expected.

We have no other sect here except the Lutherans. We tliink that
the late English, as well as the present Dutch government, allow
them too much liberty. Yet they do us no harm, while we oc-
casionally gain a few from their small number.

We have to propose two questions on subjects brought before us
during the late English rule here, and which may again arise, if
we are brought upder the government of their laws.

1. May I be allowed to administer the sacrament of Holy Bap-
tism to children, without a sermon preceding, and not in the
church but in a private house, and in the presence of only a few
persons ?

2. Am I at liberty to marry persons outside of the church
building, in my own house or other houses, without the publica-
tion of the banns, and only on a license and order from the Gover-
nor ?

I have always refused to do so in such cases, although it made
the English very bitter against me, for I believed to do otherwise
would be directly contrary to the instructions received from your

OF THE State of New Yoke. 655

1674

Rev. Body, and against the general Churcli Order. Therefore I
could not do these things with a good conscience. I therefore re-
quest your advice on, these points, to be forwarded by the earliest
opportunity, promising to regulate myself entirely thereby.

I commend my present pastoral charge, as well as myself to your
care, as heretofore, beseeching you also, that in case of a change
in the government, your care may continue, and be increased,
rather than diminished. Meantime I commend your persons and
families to God and the word of his grace, praying that you may
earnestly preach the Word unto the prosperity of Jerusalem. May
he bless your Classical and other ecclesiastical labors to the glory
of his Great !N"ame, the edification of his chosen, and the winning
of many souls to Christ; and may he deliver his spiritual Israel
out of all their troubles.

With cordial salutations to you, individually, and collectively
as a Classis, and in the name of our consistory and congregation,
I remain. Reverend, Pious and Very Learned Fathers and Breth-
ren,

Your Reverences servant and fellow-laborer in Christ,
Wilhelmus Van Nieuwcnhuysen,
New Orange, Ecclesiastes ibidem,

in New Netherland
July 26, 1674.

(This letter was written during tlic brief rooovory of Xow York
by the Dutch, which lasted only about a year. The name of New
York Avas chan!i:ed to New Orange, 16T.'>-4.)

Order TO Pct tiik Dikk's Laws [ok Fkm. l's. ir.ii.". ] i\ I'.ut.ic

IN New York.

Wliereaa there are hereunto annexed cerfnlne Laws established hy n\ithorlty of
His Majesty's Letters I'lilents Kranled to me iiiid dlKesteil Into one voltiine for ye
publlque use of all ye territories In Anierlcn under my (;..vernmenl eollected out of
ye severall laws In other Ills Majestys Amerlean Colonies and rhintaeons. upon
perusall and conslderaeon of which It appears that there may !.e nn oeenslon to
make some alteracon or amrMidments In Home partloulnr clauses thereof; These nre
therefore to authorize and re-pilre you to put In exeeueon ye said laws, exeept

656 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

such as shall have apparent inconveniences in them; and after your settle-
ment at New York, with ye advice and helpe of your Councell carefully to
peruse and consider ye same, and if you finde it necessary for ye ease and benefitt
of ye people and ye good of my service to make any alteracons, addicons or amend-
ments in ye said laws, you are with ye first opportunity to represent ye same unto
me, to ye end you may receive from me such orders and direccons as shall be nec-
essary ,for authorizeing you to put ye same in execucon. And for soe doeing ys.
shall be your Warrant. Given under my hand at Windsor ys. 6. day of August
1674.— Col. Docs. N. Y. iii. 226, 227.
To Major Andros my Lt. and
Governor of New York.

[These Duke's Laws were adopted at Hempstead, L. I. in Feb. 1665, especially
for Long Island; but are now extended over all New York. See items on Religion,
under date of Feb. 28, 1665.]

Action on the Labadists Sent to Xew Yoek.

1674, Sept. 21st.

The Extract from tlie (action of the) States of Zeeland on the
case of Jacoh Coelman, minister at Sluys in Vlaenderen, which
was taken ad notam when some Coelmanites came into this city
and neighboring villages. Minutes of Ch. of iN^ew York, English
translation; Lib. A. 45-47.

The States of Zeeland, having now for a long time, waited
patiently for Jacobus Coelman, minister at Sluvs, in Vlaenderen,.
to submit to their authority, and to return to the use of the Forms,
as well for the administration of the Sacraments, Baptism and
the Lord's Supper, as for the confirmation of marriage: also the
observance of the Christmias, Easter and Whitesunday Festivals,,
all of which have been hitherto accepted and observed vath good
order and edification in the ISTetherlandish churches, and by public
authority in our land: and also (having waited) for the Classis
of Walcheren, to bring him to his duty, according to the resolu-
tion adopted months ago by their High Mightinesses, the States
General, and also by these Pro^ances : — But by their forbearance
and connivance he has become so bold as even in the city of Mid-
dleburg, and under the eyes of the authorities, to hold service.^
and administer baptism without using the Fonn, and has followed
his owTi fancies in uniting persons in marriage, to the great of-
fence of the congregation, and the no less disturbance of th&

OF THE State of Xew York. 657

leaders, who know not what to do in such an unusual case:
Xeither has he been satisfied with introducing his unusual novel-
ties into the church of Sluvs, but has gone with them, wherever
possible, into other churches; and he has so far prevailed in the
aforesaid churches of Sluys, as to propose in their name to the
Classis of Walcheren, to abolish the Festivals of Christmas, Paas
(Easter) and Pinkster, (Pentecost), as useless and unedifying:
adding that, if they did not adopt the proposal, the church of
Sluys itself would begin the reformation: so that the said Jacob
Coelman so far departs from all obedience to his superiors that he
undertakes to propose the abolition of days, which are observed
with edifying results, in all the churches of this land, and which
their High Mightinesses have specially commanded to be ob-
served: nor does he show any respect either for the Synodical de-
crees, or for the Church Order approved by the Supreme Au-
thority, although he subscribed the same at the commencement
of his ministry, and must still confess that the Forms therein con-
tained are orthodox and agreeable to God's Word: — therefore

The States of Zeeland, considering all this, and seeing that the
said Jacobus Coelman scorns everything, and that the patience
hitherto exercised towards him only makes his boldness greater;
and that they are bound, as much as in them lies, to provide against
this, and prevent the evil from breaking forth and infecting other
Provinces; therefore it is resolved

1. That a certain book, written by the said Jacobus Coelman,
containing two semions against the Forms of Prayer, shall be al-
together suppressed by the ofiicers, and no longer be allowed to
be sold or circulated. In this book, amongst other dangerous
novelties, he maintains that parents do wrong to teaeh their chil-
dren the ordinary morning and evening prayers, and prayers ho-
fore and after meals; and that the jxTfect jmiyer which the
Saviour himself taught should be diminished, (in tl'.e number of
its repetitions), and the use of it left optional.

2. We expressly forbid the said Jacobus Coelman to preach <»r

1674

658 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

to administer either Sacrament, or perform any public or private
service in any cburch, in to^\"n or country in this Province, or
under our jurisdiction.

3. Henceforth he shall have no seat in the Classis of Wakheren,
or in any other Classis of this Province, until he shall renounce
his novelties, in submission to his superiors, and thereafter, use
and follow, without exception or subterfuge, the Forms for ad-
ministering the Sacraments of the Lord's Supper and Baptism,
as well as that for marriage; and also celebrate Christmas, Paas
and Pinkster, without any deviation or failure.

A copy of this Resolution shall be sent to the High Officers
and Magistrates in this Province, to be executed by them, if need
be, and also to the said Jacobus Coelman for his own guidance,
so that w^e may not, for his neglect of the same, be compelled to
interdict him from the Province. A similar copy shall be sent to
the Classis of Walcheren, together with the other Classes of Zee-
land; also to the Consistories of Middleburg and Sluys; to the
end that this, our order and earnest desire, may be made known
to the same; that all ministers and elders may take heed against
admitting the said Coelman to the pulpit, or any public or private
service, or receiving him into any Classis within this Province.
By this means, they who render assistance to such extraordinary
proceedings, will see that they are disobedient to lawful author-
ity, and that they may experience this same penalty, which is now
put in operation against the said Jacobus Coelman, in the hope
of securing his amendment. Pinally, a copy of this action shall
be sent to their High Mightinesses along with a letter relating
all the facts.

Attest

Agreeably to the aforesaid notes.

OF THE State of !N'ew York, 659

1674

Petition of the Lutherans of Willemstadt for Leave to

Bury Their Dead.

1674.

To the Right Honorable Myn Hear Anthony Colve Governor
General of New ISTetherland.

Those of the Augsbnrgh Confession represent with due respect
that your Petitioners are ordered in cases of the burial of their
dead, to pay the Sexton (Aanspreecker)* of the Reformed Church
notwithstanding they employ their own Sexton, as lately happened,
one of theirs having seized goods Ijv execution and sold the same
at public auction: And the Petitioners remark that they fully
pay all taxes assessments, excise and all others whatever they may
be called; Yea they endeavour to pay also their own poor. They
are therefore, as they consider, not in the least subject to such
charges but on the contrary ought to enjoy their (religious) exer-
cises and Divine Sendee free and unconstrained, for which they
have a written grant from the late Honorable Governour Lovelace
a copy of which is hereunto annexed.

It is also well known to all that Mr. Roosenboom hath addressed
a petition on that subject to the Honoraltle ITeer General above
named, to be favored therein; v.liicli jiotitiou liad no result, but the
Heer Laval being come up, said in full Court in date the 7th No-
vember 1G72 he had authority as to Roosenbooiu's Petition —
Let the Dead bur)' their Dead; for with what free conscience can
your Precentor go and act for the Lutlicriins, fm- tlicy liav<> more
ceremonies than the Reformed. Whereupon at that time he had
no more to say, and it was as well.

Wherefore your Petitioners for aforesaid reasons approach
your Honor requesting most humbly that they may enjoy what
they have been granted, and as your i'etitioners Brethren at X.
Orange enjoy the same, that they further may bun* their dead

* Llternlly, "The person sent nmiind with Invltntlonw to n funcrnl "; n ctistom
still In practice In some of the older settlementH of this State. We render the
word, " Sexton ", being the nearest approach we can find to the original.

1674

660 Ecclesiastical Eecokds

without notifying Mr. Roosenboom, but employ tlieir o^vii Sexton,
and no one else. Whereupon they expect a favourable answer.
Your Honors Affectionate Subjects,

Bemhardus Anthony, V. D. M.

Jan Heinderik Bruyns

Jochem Backer

Hans Hendricksen. — Doc. Hist. 'N. Y. iii. 525.

Court Mixutes of jSTew Amsterdam.

Election of Churchmasters.

1674, Sept. 26.

Whereas the time for the election of new Churchmasters in
place of those retiring has expired therefore Schout, Burgomasters
and Schepens have resolved to nominate a double number and
present it to the Honorable Governor, in order that his Honor
may be pleased to make election therefrom; — and there are nomi-
nated

Capt. Marten Kregier,

Johannes De Peyster,

ISTicolaes De Meyer,

Ffrederik Philipsen.

Eight Honourable Sir,

Whereas the time for the choosing new Churchmaster for next
year in place of the retiring is elapsed, and it is therefore neces-
sary that the same office be filled by two new instead of the re-
tiring; we, therefore, nominate to your Honor from the Burghers
and inhabitants of this City as a double number: —

Capt. Martin Kreigier,
Johannes De Peyster,
IsTicolaes De Meyer,
Ffrederik Philipsen,

OF THE State of Xew York. 661

requesting that your Honor may be pleased to elect from them
the wisest and fittest, in order that the said office may be duly
filled and attended to. We remain Honorable Sir,
Your Honor's humble servants,
The Schout, Burgomasters and Schepens of the City of New
Orange.

By order of the same.
Done, City Hall of the City Xew Orange the 2nd October, 1674.

The Superscription Was: To the Right Honorable Anthony
Colve, Governor General of New Netherland. Ephraim Herman,
Secretary Residing in Ffort Willem Hendrick. — Records of New
Amsterdam, Vol. 7. pp. 126, 127.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Rev. Roelandus Carpentier.

1674, Oct. Sth.

Rev. Roelandus Cai"pentier was conducted into the room, com-
missioned as preacher (chaplain) in the navy by this body, on
board the ship of Mr. Engel de Ruyter, Rear Admiral, and gave
to the Assembly an account and report of his work. He handed
in also a good testimonial regarding his labors and deportment
on board the aforesaid ship, with the request that he may re-
main under favorable recommendation, with a view to his promo-
tion. The Assembly received this notice favorably, and on oc-
casion, his advancement shall be kept in mind. vii. 104.

Court Minutes of Xi:\v Am.sti;ui)a.m.

Churcbuiasters conflnned.

Iff74. Oct. 9.

Extract from the ResolutlouB of tho Honornblo (Jovernor (Jenoral and Council of
Now Netherlniid adopted In their AHHcmhly the :{r(l Octoltt-r 1»?7<.

From the nomination exhibited by the Schcuit, HiirKiiinnHt»T» and Sehepens of the
City of New Orange the Honorable (Jovornor (Jenoral of New Netherland baa elected
and confirmed as Churchmasters of this City for the onHuluK year: —

Adolf rieterHen. Old ('hiir»lunanter
NlcolaeH De niyer,
Ffrederick I'hlllpHen
Done at Fort Willem Hendrick In Ni-w Netherland. Ady, .7rd of October Anno
1674.

By order of the Honorable Covornor (Jenernl of New Netherlniul.

(Was Slifned) N. Ilnyard, Secretary.
— Records of New Amsterdam. Vol. 7. p. 132.

1674

662

Ecclesiastical Recokds
CoNDiTioifs OF Ee-Sureender, 1674.

Gov. Andros' Answers.

Proposalls sent by Gov. Colve to Gov.
Andros previous to the surrender of
New York Oct. 27 1674.

1 ^..«.

2 . . .^

4. Tbat the Inhabitants of the Dutch
Kation may be allowed to retain their
customary Church privileges in Divine
Service and Church discipline besides
their Fathers' laws and customs in the
division of their Inheritances.

5. That they may be excused from
Impressment, If not wholly at least
against their own Nation.

6. That each congregation whether
Lutherans or others may support their
own poor.

7. That all Publick houses may con-
tinue according to the Customs now ex-
isting.

[This Included the Church in the
Fort.]

8. That the West India Company's
creditors in this Country may be paid
from their property and outstanding
debts here.

To the 4th. The usuall Discipline of
their Church to be continued to them
as formerly, and the other of Inherit-
ance, as farre as I may, and for those
that shall desire it.

To the 5th. I have neither Orders nor
directions for any pressing whatever
and shall allwayes bee glad to favour
the Inhabitants therein.

To the 6th. I shall allwayes bee ready
to allow and favour so charitable a
worke.

To the 7th. I shall take fitting care
in this particular to the satisfaction of
all the good.

To the 8th. I have seen since my ar-
rivall severall orders or decrees upon
Record, for the arresting and forfeiting
the Effects of the West India Company
in these parts, during the former Warre
in 1664 and 1665, which I am also in-
formed have since been accounted for
at home, so not in my power.

Sir your most humble Servant
For the Hon. Governor Colve on board the States Shipp
the Surynam, These

This is a true Copie of the Proposalls sent by Gov. Colve to Gov. Andros before
the surrender of the Fort bearing date Oct. 27th O. S. with the Answer returned
to the seuerall particulars therein afterwards; pursuant to the Assurance given by
those employed. Matthias Nicolls, Sec.

Endorsed — " Proposalls from the Dutch Governor and the Governor's Answer,
Nov. 2nd, 1674".— Doc. Hist. N. Y. iii. 49, 50.

OF THE State of Xew York. 603

administratio:n' of gov. EDMUXD AXDROS.

OCT. 31 Qs. S. NOV. 10) 1G74-1063.
A Committee Appointed to Welcome the Xkw Goveenor.

3 Novfiubcr Anno 1674.

Burgomasters and Schepens being met at the City Ilnll with the Burgher Council
of war, they with the approbation of the Hon. Governor, appolntt-d and quaflfled,
as they hereby appoint and qualify the Hon. Cornells Stcenwyk, with the Heeren
Burgomaster Johannes van Brugh and Wlllem P.eekman to repair on board his
Majesty's frigate now anchored under Staten Island, and there welcome the H<>n.
Governor Andrews and to request together some privileges from him for the advan-
tage of the commonalty.

The foregoing Commissioners returning this date reported that they welcomed
the Hon. Governor Major Andrews and requested from him to favor the Inhabit-
ants with some privileges; Who answered them that they the Commissioners may
assure the Inhabitants of the Dutch Nation that they should participate In the
same privileges as those of the English Nation, and that his Honor would as far
as possible promote their interests; referring himself further to the lustruettoos
given him by his Royal Majesty and Highness the Duke of York. — Doc. Hist. N. Y.
iii. 47.

DoMiNE Bernardus Arensius His Passe.

Permitt and Suffer the Bearer hereof, Domine Bernnrdus
Arensins, to Passe from hence to Albany with his Xcfessarycs in
the Sloope whereof Claes Tysen is Master, and to Othciate there
as Pastor of tlie Augustine or Lutheran Conprrcgation, as fonnorly
under the English Goyernment, without any manner of Lett, hin-
drance or molestacon whatsoever. Givin under my liand ;ind
Seale in Xew Yorke, the Gtli day of November H'.74.

Proclam-stion ok Governor Andhos.

The tlrst I'roclamncon Confirming Kljrlitfi and I'reprrtyH.

By the Governor: —

Whereas It hath plensed Ids Majesty and his Koynll HI«hnef«Ke to Hond mo with
authority to receive this idace and Covoriiment from the Piiich. and to continue
in the command thereof under his royall IIIghnrsHc, who hath not only taken inro
for our future safety and defence hut alsoe (.dven nie his command!! for Beciirlng
the rights and propertys of the Inhabitants, and that I should eniloavor by all (11-
tlng means, the good and welfare of this province and dependencleii under his Kor-
ernment; That 1 may not be wanting In any thing that may conduce thcreiinio,
and for the savlmr of the trouble and charge of any coming helther for the KntU-
fying themselves in such doubts as ndght arise concerning th^lr rlghtu and proi>-

1674-
1683

1674

G64: Ecclesiastical Records

ertys upon this change of government, and wholly to settle the minds of all in
generall, I have thought fltt to publish and declare: That all former grants privi-
ledges or concessions heretofore granted, and all estates legally possessed by any
under his Royall Highnesse before the late Dutch government; As also all legall,
judiciall proceedings during that government to my arrivall in these parts, are
hereby confirmed; and the possessors by virtue thereof to remain In quiet posses-
sion of their rights. It is hereby further declared that the known Book of Laws
formerly establisht and in force under his royall highnesse government, is now
again confirmed by his Royall Highnesse; the which are to be observed and prac-
ticed together with the manner and time of holding Courts therein menconed aa
heretofore. And all Magistrates and clvlll Officers belonging thereunto, to be
chosen and established accordingly. — Given under my hand in New York, this
ninth day of November, in the twenty sixth year of his Majesties reign annoq;
Domini 1674.

E. Andrea.
Secryes Office Province of New Yorke

This is a true copy taken from the record of the book of entrys begunn October
the 31st 1674, page 13, at the request of the Mayor and Aldermen of New York,
this seventh day of July 1698: Exaiat and comparat p.

(Signed) David Jamison, Secretary.
' — Col. Docs. N. Y. ill. 227.

Petition of the Elders and Principals of the Augsburg
Congregation Here.

To the Rt. Honorable and Righteous Lord Edmund Andros Governor General of
New York etc.

Right Honorable and Righteous Lord.

The Undersigned Elders and Principals of the Augsburg Congregation here with
due reverence represent that they the Petitioners find to their sorrow that some
of their Congregation have failed to contribute according to their promise — firstly,
to the sending for and arrival of a Preacher and Secondly, to his yearly salary, on
which promises they the Petitioners have pledged themselves.

Wherefore the Petitioners are obliged to repair to your Right Honorable, humbly
praying that your Honor would be pleased to make such order therein as your
Honor may deem proper. Which doing they shall remain.

Your Honors humble and faithful Subjects,

Vrit Wessels,
Lauwerens Andross,
Martan Meyers,
Caspar Steinmets.
Endorsed. — Doc. Hist. N. Y. ill. 243.

A Request from the Lutherans to the Gov.
At his first Arrivall in 1674.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.
Rev. Wilhelmus Nieuwenhujsen.

1674, Xov. 26th.
Rev. William iSTieuwenhuysen, minister at Kew York in J^ew
Netherland, communicated per missive to the Rev. Classis, the
condition and growth of his church. He requests an answer from

OF THE State of Xew York. GO 5

this bodv to these two questions: 1. Whether he could be per-
mitted to perform baptism, outside of the church, in a private
house, in the presence of a few persons. 2. Whether he could
perform the marriage rite without public announcements of the
marriage (bans), and merely upon a representation from the lion.
Governor there. As to the' first, it was resolved that, except in
case of necessity, he (must) baptize the child at the public church.
(service) in the body (nave) of the church, in the presence of a
few persons, and after a brief exhortation. Concerning the sec-
ond question, he should observe, as far as possible, the usual or^
der and practice here. Rev. Dept. ad res Maritimas will inform
him of this. At the next Classis Eev. Barnardus Soomer shall
preside in (regular) order, vii. 108. xix. 170.

Petition FKOii Inhabitants of Hemstead to Govesnoe Andeos

FOR A Minister.

Hononred Sir.

Right Honoured Governour General! Edward Andros Govcrnoiir of New York In
his Maglstees teritorls under his Royall highness Jeamcs duck of York wee your
humble petichoners in the behalfe of sume others doe humbly petition unto your
Honour that your Honour would be pleased to be mindful of your petitioners most
humble request which is that the honour of God might be promoted and that hit
Saboths may be observed for the honour of God niid the good of us and our pos-
terity and to that end your honour would bo pleased to Install sUi'h authority
amongst us which may be a means under God f(ir the upholding and maintaining
of the ministry and worship of God amongst us; your llonotir being the father of
this common welth, we hope yoti will not be unmindfull of your petitioners, but
will be an Instrument under God for the upholding and niaintainiiig of the (iospel
of the Lord Jesus Chrlste, so hoping you will be pleiised to draw a favorable con-
clusion from this our petition we shall not further trouble your Honour at present
but leave this our petition to your Honnours serious consederatlon, we rest and
remain your very humble servants and petk-honers to the best of our power and
for your Honor we shall ever i)ray. farewell.

Thomas Champion Ulcliard Glldersleeve

William Jecocke Simon Sarlng

James Pine Richard (;ililer8leev»', Jr.

Jeremiah Wood —Col. l»..os. N. Y. xlv. (l*^.

From Hcmsted
November the 30th
Anno l(u4.*

• For the period, In which the Dutch were again masters of the Colony, sec VoL
11. N. Y. Col. Docs.

1674

666 Ecclesiastical Kecoeds

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of Deputies and their Correspondence.

1674, Dec. 9th.

The Classis of Amsterdam to the Rev. William Xieuwenhuysen.
XXVn. 86.

Reverend, Godlj, and Highly Learned Sir, and Brother in

. Christ : —

Your agreeable letter of the 26th of July, 1674, came safe-
to hand, but that addressed by you in July, 1673, to the Rev.
Classis has never been seen by us.

We thank you not only for your offer, but also for the im-
mediate proof of your co-operation with us. Very pleasant has
it been to us to see in your letters, your tender concern for our ■
dear Fatherland. This you show by your sympathy in our suf-
fering, as well as joy at our peace with the Crown of England,
and the restraint of the Erench Sennacherib. It is proper to
weep with those who weep and to rejoice with those that do re-
joice. We thank the good and beneficent God, that he has re-
garded our misery, which w^as very bitter. The enemy was round
about us; war was in our gates; the abomination of desolation
and idolatry stood in the Holy Place. But God looked down
from the light of his Sanctuary, to hear the sighing of the prison-
ers, and to release the children of death. He has reconciled
Ephriam with Manasseh, and Manasseh with Ephriam, that they
no longer tear one another's bowels, and that no longer to each is
the flesh of his o^vn arm consumed; and neither are they together
against Judah.* We also praise the compassion of God, unde-

* (On Feb. 12, 1672, England and France entered into a treaty against Holland.
Sir Robert Holmes made an unsuccessful attack on the Dutch fleet from Smyrna,
March 14th. War was declared against the United Provinces, March 17th. The
Duke of Monmouth co-operated with Louis XIV. Sweden joined the league against
Holland, April 14th. Louis crossed the Rhine, June 12th (N. S.), and soon con-
quered Utrecht, Guelderland and Overyssel. The Dutch imputed their misfortunes
to the Grand Pensionary, John De Witt, whom they killed, (aged 74), together with
his brother Cornelius. William III was made stadtholder; he rejected the terms of
Louis, opened the sluices, and saved Holland.)

OF THE State of New York. fin?

served as it is, towards our Fatherland. The Lord, the terrible
God, he that doeth wonders, has, as it were, bj the voice of his
power, so affrighted and humbled those French Philistines, that
haughty, juggling, idolatrous people, that they no longer intrude
into the jSTetherlands; and all the cities which they had wickedly
taken from our Israel have been restored to our State, excepting
only Maestricht.

Blessed be the Most High for the avenging of the wrong done
to Israel, and for the deliverance of Jacob, which he has so
wonderously commanded. We hope, beloved, yea, we earnestly
desire, to see the peace of Jerusalem established before long,
either by the arms of the States under our efficient commander,
and our allies; or by an honorable and lasting peace secured by
negotiation. And we pray our Great God, that as his right hand
lias changed everything, that he also may change us and the
hearts of the people, and powerfully unite them to fear his name,
that we may no longer go astray from him.

We rejoice not a little over the prosperous condition and great
increase of the Church of Christ under your ministrations; that
a great and effectual door is opened to you, and that but few
adversaries are found; that even from the sect of the Menno-
iiites, at times, one and another are won. All our desire is for
the extension of Christ's Kingdom. We earnestly hope that
under your labors many subjects may be bom to Iliiu in those
regions, and that his name ninv lie ■\]<l^ .'ibumlnnilv ^--l,, rifled rvcn
among the blind heathen.

To your questions, whicli we have presented to the Kev. Classis,
we are prepared to give answer according to their decisions :

1. Whether the sacrament of Holy Bapti.>jni may bo admitiis-
tcred to children, without a sermon, in a ]u-ivate house and not
in the church, Imt in the })resenec of a few persons.

2. Whether you i\ro at liberty to contirm marriage between
parties, outside the place of meeting, eitlier in wur o\m house,
or in that of another, witliout tlie announcement of the banns,

1674

668 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

but simply upon a letter of mutual agreement and tbe license of
the Governor.

The Classis resolved to send you the following replies:

1. That you may not baptize, except in cases of absolute neces^
sity, elsewhere than in the church, publicly, after the tolling of
the bell, (to notify of the service), and with at least a few per-
sons present, and in connection with a short exhortation.

2. That (in performing the rite of marriage), you hold to the
common order and practice of the Fatherland as far as possible.

Closing herewith, we commend you to God and to the word of
his grace. We pray the Lord of the harvest to bless you and
make you fruitful, and multiply your church and grant it much
peace and consolation. Such is the wish. Reverend and Worthy
Friend, of your Obedient and Affectionate Brethren in Christ,
the members of the Classis of Amsterdam.
In the name of all,

Gerardus Heiidricus, Eccl. Amstel. et

Conventus Dep ad res. Maritimas, p. t.

Praeses.

Cornelius Lijcochthon, Eccl. Amstelod.
Amsterdam, ejusdem Conventus, p. t., Scriba.

Dec. 9, 1674.

Anneke Jans Pkopekty Confiscated to the Duke of York.

1674.

Among the possessions of Lovelace was that piece of land
which subsequently became the property of Trinity Church. It
contained sixty two acres, and adjoined the old West India Com-
pany's farm. It was originally owned by Anneke Jans and her
husband Rev. Everardus Bogardus, the second Dutch Domine in
the country. In 1664 the farm of the West India Company was
confiscated and became the property of the Duke of York; but
the title of the Domines Bouwerie was confirmed by Governor
Nicolle to thjB original owners, as private property, in 1667. Mrs.

OF THE State of 'New Yoek. 669

Bogardus, (or Anneke Jans,) died in 1663, and in accordance
with her will, her fai-m was sold in 1671. Governor Lovelace
became the purchaser. But with his disgrace in 1673, this land
was confiscated to the Duke of York, and in 1685 became vested
in the Crown.

See Brodhead, ii. 183. Valentine's Manual of Com. Council,
1855, 531-2; 1860, 548. Perry's Hist. Am. (Epis.) Church,
i. 170.

Petition of Dutch Burghers or New York, as to the Form
OF THE Oath of Alijsgiance.

To the Right Honorable Edmond Andres, Governor-General over all his Royal High-
ness's Territories In America, and his Honor's Council.
Honorable Gentlemen: We the undersigned, your Honors' subjects and Petition-
ers, with all due respect represent, that in obedience to your Proclamation pub-
lished on Saturday last, giving notice to all persons who propose remaining residents
here, to come and take the oath of allegiance on the ringing of the town bell; we,
with many other inhabitants, presented ourselves yesterday about half an hour
after the ringing of the bell at the City Hall, and remained there until each of
your Petitioners undersigned, was ordered by the Marshall or Constable to appear
at the meeting of the Honorable Mayor's Court; where by your Honor's special com-
mands we were ordered to take the oath of allegiance, word for word, as 'twaa
taken by the Inhabitants of Dutch origin, in the year UVA, on the surrender of this
place to his Majesty at the hands of your Honors' predecessor, Governor R. Nlcol;
which oath we, each for himself, declared oiir willingness solemnly to take and to
observe in all its parts; only humbly praying that what the Honorable R. Nlcol
had declared respecting this oath, by proclamation under his hand and seal, now
also may be confirmed. Namely, that it was by no means the Intention of 8uch
oath to annul the Capitulation then so solemnly concluded, signed and sealed; which
in our opinion and under correction of better judgment. Is not annulled (gemortl-
liclert) but rather confirmed, and strengthened by the sixth Article of the peace
last concluded between his Majesty of Great Britain and the States-General of the
United Netherlands.

Whereupon the Honorable Mayor replied, that he was Ignorant of any such
declaration; when an authenticated copy thereof was produced, with further humble
request, that his Majesty's Honorable (^ourt would l)e graciously pleased to Inform
your Honors of the matter in the most friendly manner, and to Intercede for na,
your Honor's faithful subjects, that .said declaration of your Honor's predecessor,
as far as It concerns your Honor's present subjects, principally In the point of
freedom of religion and pressing In time of war, may In like manner lie couflrmed
by your Honors at the time of administering the oath.

Hereupon, having been dismissed by the Court, we were yesterday, by your
Honors' order, summoned personally before your Honors, and a|)peared accordingly;
when you were pleased again to retiulre from u.s, your humble servants, the same
oath taken to your Honors' predecessors, which we heartily declared ourselves
willing to take, only reiiui'st'i'K your Honors' confirmation of said declnrHtloo, so
far as it concerned any of the Petitioners, as aInNidy state<i, or otherwise; that we
were willing to take the oath of allegl«nc»- to your HonorH, the same as exacted by
the late Dutch Government from the Inhabitants of the l^ngllsh nation, which last
request your Honors then declared that you would take Into consideration.

1674

670 Ecclesiastical Eecokds

Your undersigned subjects and Petitioners were tliereby Induced to hope that
j-our Honors would favorably entertain and grant jaid request. But to our utter
grief and hearty regret, you were pleased to summon the undersigned again before
the Council, and to refuse to realize our hope and expectation, and to persist in
your previous resolution, that we should take the ordained oath; looking upon us
further as mutinous, because we in obeying your Honors' proclamation, have had
the misfortune to have been the first summoned to the Council. We hereby
honestly declare that we went thither without any other intention than to obey
your Honors' orders, as already stated, not doubting that your Petitioners would
BO far intercede on taking the ordained oath, that Governor Nicoll's declaration
would be confirmed by your Honors, so far as your Petitioners were concerned;
the rather as we, each for himself, offered to make it clear that we religiously and
uprightly observed, fulfilled and kept the oath formerly taken and afterwards de
novo ordered, in all its parts, clauses and points.

Wherefore we, your Honors' Petitioners, again make so bold as humbly to request
your Honors to be pleased again to take the aforesaid into your wise consideration
and deliberation, so as to graciously allow your Petitioners, for reasons and motives
herein before alleged, to enjoy the right of exemption from being impressed, agree-
ably to the aforesaid Capitulation and the subsequent declaration of your Honors'
predecessor, Nicol. Hereby once more declaring and offering to take, and religiously
to observe the ordained oath, otherwise praying to be allowed to give satisfaction
with the oath taken to the Dutch Government here by the inhabitants of the
English nation at the time of the last war, intimating in all parts full obedience
except alone not to be forced to take up arms against any native Dutch nation, if
acting under commission from the State, in case of war, which God prevent; hoping
and praying that we, your Petitioners, may not in our consciences be pressed to
abjure all natural affection towards our own nation, but that your Honors, out of
consideration as aforesaid, will be pleased to be satisfied with the Christian oath,
the same as your Petitioners have taken and subscribed to your predecessor, when
you will find that the more we now object to swearing lightly what nature and love
for our own nation forbid; so much the more shall we strive to keep sacred what
we have sworn.

But in case it turn out, contrary to hope, that your Honors would not be pleased
graciously and favorably to consider this our humble petition, we, your Petitioners,
are conscientiously necessitated to request your grace and favor, graciously to
grant and allow us, the Petitioners, a proper and suitable time to dispose of as
much as is possible of our estates, and to remove elsewhere with our substance and
families, during which time the Petitioners humbly requesting your Honors' letters
of protection for person, condition and property, with further consent to proceed
and transport, free and unmolested, whithersoever our occasions will demand; prom-
ising and offering an oath to be faithful to your Honors' government during our
sojourn here, with the above exception only, not to be forced to take up arms
against our own nation. Which doing, we shall remain, honorable gentlemen.

Your Honors'
; Faithful subjects and servants,

(Signed) Cornells Steenwyck,

Johannis van Brugh,
Johannis De Peyster,
New York, N. Bayard,

16 March, Anno Jacob Kip,

1674/5. ' E. Luyck.

W. Beeckman,
Anth. De Milt.
(Indorsed) —Col. Docs. N. Y. ii. 740-3L

Petition of the Dutch Nation in New York, heretofore called New Netherland.

This Dutch MS. appears to be translated from the English. The document, of
which this is a transcript, is very much broken in style and language, and not free
from errors, de Zwaan.

OF THE State of Xew York. 671

Petition of the Dutch Burghers of Xew York to thk

States-General.

To the High and Mighty Lords, the States-General of the United Netherlands.

The Dutch Nation in New York, heretofore called New Netherland, most humbly
showeth:

That this country had been taken by your High Mightinesses' arms, and reduced
under your High Mightinesses' obedience, by Commanders BInckes and Eversen, in
the year 1C73, during the war with England. That by Article six, hereunto an-
nexed, of the Treaty of Peace, which was concluded on the 9/19 February, 1674, it
was agreed: That the Islands, cities and harbors, castles or forts, which the one
party will have taken, or will yet take from the other, since the breaking out of this
unfortunate war, whether in Europe or elsewhere, ami before the expiration of the
period herein before set down for the cessation of all hostilities, shall be restored
to the former Lord or Proprietor thereof, in the same state and condition as they
shall have been, etc.

That, further, Anthony Colve, at that time Governor of the aforesaid country,
hath surrendered the same, by your High Mightinesses' order, to Major Andros, the
English Governor, pursuant to the aforesaid Article of the Treaty of Peace. When
they, the Petitioners, did not doubt but they would remain in the enjoyment of the
rights and privileges which they have possessed, under the government of the
English, previous to your High Mightinesses' occupation, and principally by virtue
of the Capitiilation hereunto annexed, which was entered Into In the year ltV!4, on
the 27th of August, old style, before the surrender to the English Governor, Richard
Nicolls, which was also accorded to them, the Petitioners, by the aforesaid 0th
Article of the Treaty of Peace. But they, the Petitioners, to their profound sorrow,
find at present that the aforesaid Governor, Major Andros, does not allow them, the
Petitioners, the enjoyment of the effect of the aforesaid Capitulation, and conse-
quently also of the (ith Article of the Treaty of Peace, but hath, over and above,
laid before them, the Petitioners, a formula of an Oath he hath drawn up according
to his opinion, and not according to the aforesaid Capitulation.

Wherefore they, the Petitioners, have been necessitated for the maintenance of
the privilege which you. High and Mighty, had stipulated for your siibjects there,
to postpone the aforesaid oath, and, by humble and civil supplication, to request of
the above mentioned (Jovernor, Major Andros, to allow them n proper time to
depart with their families and property, and meanwhile, protection both In thi-lr
persons and goods: likewise, free and unmolested, to transport theniHelves else-
where, wherever the opportunity should offer: they, the Petitioners, promising, on
oath, to be faithful to the aforesaid Governor during their sojourn there, with the
exception only of not being forced to take up arms against their own nation, as Ih
more fully demonstrated to your High Mightinesses In the copy of the petition
hereunto annexed; and notwithstanding they, tlie I'etltloners, consider It their duty
to preserve their privilege and conclnded Ciipltulatlon, and to <lemonstrate the same
by a most submissive pi-lltlon of the aforesaid Governor, yet hnth he, (;overnor
Andros, not only illy received, but peremptorily rejected their humble and civil
petition, and denounced them as the disturbers of the King's pence, placing them,
the Petitioners, In close conllnement, from which they have been released, under
bail, and ordering them to be tried.

And In order to communicate this to his Majesty of England, the aforesaid Oot-
ernor Andros to that end hath most subtllely (as they, the Petitioners, are for a
certainty luforme<l) dispatched Captain Salsbury to denigrate the Petitioners (as
can well be proveili to his Royal Majesty, whence nothing Is to be foreseen but ruin
and destruction to the Petitioners. Wherefore they Hud themselves under th^
neceseaty of turning to you. High and Mighty, humbly praying and l>eseechlQg you.

1674

672 Ecclesiastical Records

High and Mighty, to cause Information of this matter to be transmitted to M. Van
Beuningen, Ambassador to his Royal Majesty of England, or to whomsoever you,
High and Mighty, shall consider it proper to refer, to the end that no bad nor
wrong impression of them, the Petitioners, may be conveyed to his Majesty by the
aforesaid Salsbury, Governor Andros' messfenger.

And further, that the matter be so directed that they, the Petitioners, may be
continued (in the privileges accorded) by the annexed Capitulation, concluded on the
27th August, stilo veteri, 1674, (1664) between his Majesty of England and your
High Mightinesses, and enjoy the same without being contravened by any contra-
dicting statutes, ordonnances, formulas of oath, or otherwise; and principally to
order, provisionally, that no prosecutions, punishments, nor other inconveniences be
instituted against them, the Petitioners, by reason of the aforesaid presented
petition. Which doing, etc.,

(Signed), Cornelius Magistris, (Steenwyck.)

— Col. Docs. N. Y. ii. 738-740.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Rev. Selyns.

1675, May 27th.

Rev. Selyns aunoiinced to the Rev. Assembly that he had re-
ceived a commission from the Council of State, as well as from
the Rev. Classis, to set out for the army. In connection there-
with he requested that great care should be employed to the
supply of his charge. Thereupon he took a christian leave from
the Rev. Assembly. His request regarding the supply of his
church was received by the Assembly in a spirit of complete
willingness to comply. He was also commended to God and to
the Word of his grace, after wishing upon him and his labors all
success and blessing. On this occasion it was also resolved, that
since it has been learned, and is apparently tnie, that there is
an unwillingness in the candidates to honor the behests of this
Classis, in the fulfilment of their assigned supplies of pulpits, that
they be summoned to appear before this Assembly at the next
meeting of Classis. vii. 115.

A Petition from the Lutherans.

To the Noble, Right Honorable, Major Edmond Andros, Governor General of all
his Royal Highness, James, Duke of York and Albany, etc. Territories in
America.

Show with all reverence the subscribed petitioners, the community of the un-
changeable Augsburg Confession, called the Lutheran, which has Its residence on
{he Southriver, that after the petitioners had addressed an humble petition to the

OF THE State of New York. 673

Right Honorable Governor on the 13th of May Anno 1C7.J, together with a docu-
ment, drawn up in Council at New Castle on the 10th of December 1(572, and pre-
sented by petitioners' minister, whereby they divided the river Into two parishes,
so that all above Verdritige Hoek is and shall remain under the pastorate of Mr.
Laers and all below Verdritige Hoek under the pastorate of Maglster Jakobus
Fabricius, and requested and asked with due humility, that your Noble Honor would
please to confirm the action and the division for the sake of God's glory and good
order, the petitioners expected hereupon a favorable answer and decision and had
hoped to receive the same through Capt. Ed. Kautwell, but as the speedy Journey
and many troubles have prevented your Noble Honor, the Petitioners do not know,
how to act and they come therefore again to your Noble Right Honorable Worship
with the humble request, to confirm the act and the division, also their minister
Magister Jakobus Fabricius and to grant a favorable reply to the petitioners, doing
which they remaine your Noble Right Honorable Worships subjects and mediators
with God.

The Community of the Unchangeable Confession of Augsburg on the Southrlver
belonging to the Churches of Swaenewyck and Kraenhoek.

Hendrick Jausen

Hendrick HI Jansen van Breeman

Harman Janssen

Peter Velcker

Peter Classen

Peter X Wlllem's mark

Corn Janson

FMeter K Manslanst

Jan B Ba rends

SIbrand Jansen

Hlnrich Fransen

Wlllem Jansen

Jan Jansen

John Vokmer (?)

Clas X Andresen

and all the others.
Actum New Castle -Col. Docs. N. Y. xil. 529.

the first of June
Anno 1675.

Declaration of H. Block, John Moll and Derlck Alberts, Mnglsirnies of New Castle,

respecting the opposition Manifested In the Church by John Ogle and Uev.

Jacobus Fabrltlus, to the above order.
Declaration of the undersigned concerning wlini has 1 n .loue Inst 4tli of June

during the gathering of the people in consequrn.c <.f the ct)nstniitl..ii an. I r.-

pairs of two outer dikes.
As soon as we had read and promulgated the order concerning It. John Ogl<-, who
was still In the Church, took the word In an arrogiiiit manner and sal.l: " We will
not make Hans Block's dike, nor the other dike .-Ither." Capt. Cnntwell nnAwered,
" You John Ogle, are an Englishman, but It does not behoove you to make such nu
ado ainong so many people." he took him by the arm and .nhoved hhn out of th^
Church whereupon one Mathys Smith said In u like arrogant manner "That man
speaks the truth and we repent, what he says " adding other Improper words.
Capt Cantwell called for the Constable to place this nuin Into the storks, but ns the
Constable was not at hand and Mathys Smith continued with his foul Inngunge.
Capt Cantwell was forced to strike him several times with his ratnn: Mnglster
Jacobus Fabricius calle.l out very Insolently "That man has done no wrong, he
sneaks the truth. If he must go to prison then I too will go " and other bad words.

1675

6Y4 Ecclesiastical Records ,

which do not become a priest. As the Constable did not come, we thought it ad-
visable to prevent other mischief and had the aforesaid John Ogle and Magister
Fabricius brought down to the yacht. The priest was very angry on the way to
the boat, and when Capt. Cantwell wanted to take him by the arm, he swore and
scolded, saying " May the Devil take you, if you touch me " and other impious
words. In the boat he still made use of his foul language, so that other people
passing the boat called out " Take hold of him, take hold of him; " others armed
with swords and sticks swore at each other and looked, as if a great mishap had
sprung up suddenly, so that we resolved at the request of several to have the afore-
said John Ogle and Magister Fabricius brought ashore again.

A few days after we had had the confirmation of our order affixed on the Church
door, I, Hans Block, met John Ogle on the street and spoke with him about the
late mutiny, created by him and others: he said, if the Fins had been drunk, no
good would have come of it. I answered, that the confirmation of our order was
now there affixed on the church door, whereupon he said " I care no more for your
order, than for this dirt on the street here," kicking the same with his foot.
\ H. Block

John Moll
Derek Alberts.
— Col. Docs. N. Y. xii. 531.

Order summoning Domine Jacobus Fabricius and John Ogle before the Governor to
answer to the charge of having been implicated in the riot in Delaware.

At a Councill July 24th 1675.
Present

The Governor Capt. Brockholes

The Secretary Capt. Dyre

Mr. Jno. Laurence

That ye former Order of Councill of June 23rd about ye disturbance at Delaware
be respited and that an order or special Warrant be sent thither for Magister
Jacobus Fabricius and John Ogle as Ringleaders, to make their appearance here to
answer ye misdemeanors objected against them touching ye late disturbance.

The business about Capt. Carrs Valley and Meadow ground etc., at New Castle,
being taken into consideracon.

Ordered, That ye Order made at Delaware bee observed for ye vallueing of ye
said land and ye Towne to have ye refusall. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xii. 537.

A Warrant sent to Mr. Jacobus Fabricus and John Ogle at Delaware.

Whereas I have received Information from the Magistrates at Delaware, That
you Jacobus Fabricius, were a principall Ring Leader in causing a tumultuous dis-
turbance (not long sincce) That is to say upon ye 4th day of June last at the Towne
of New Castle, and did contemne and disobey the orders sett forth by the said
Magistrates, in a riotous manner; These are therefore in his Majesty's name, to
require and command you forthwith to make your personall appearance before mee,
in this place, to make answer to what shall be objected against you upon the
account afore mentioned; Of the which you are not to faile, as you will answer the
contrary, at your utmost perill.

Given under my hand and seal in New York this 26th day July, 1675.

E. Andross.
To magister Jacobus — Col. Docs. N. Y. ill. 538.

Fabricius, The same
Warrant was sent for
John Ogle, at the said
place.

OF THE State of XE^v Yokk. 675

Petition. Jacobus Fabricius relative to a cliarge of rioious conduct brought

against liim.

To the Honorable Mayor Edmund Andros Governor Generall under his Royal High-
ness of all his Territories in America.

The humble Peticon of Jacobus Fabriclu.".

Sheweth your Honor humble Peticoner as that your Honor having been pleased
to send a warrant to New Castle, ordering your Petitioner forthwith to make his
personall appearance before your Honor in this place, to make answer to what
shall bee objected against your Honor's Peticoner concerning a disturbance hapned
at Delaware in New Castle the 4th day of June Last, in condemning and disobeying
the orders sett forth by the Magistrates in a rioious manner. In obedience to your
Honor's order and comand, your Honor's Peticoner doth appear before your Honor
and as for what is Laid upon him your Honor's Peticoner finds himself not guilty
as may appear by Several witnesses.

Therefore its your Honor's Peticoner's humble Request, that an order may be
given with a commission to examine the Burghers and Inhabitants of Xew Castle
whether your Honor's Peticoner had beene tumultious against the Magistrates and
likewise whether he has given base language to the powers, or came armed, or has
any weapon, or made any resistance. On the contrary thereof your Honor's I'eti-
coner, being desired by the people to Speak for them, was affrontuously dealt by the
Comander there: upon the Returne of the examination, your Honor's Petitioner
hope your Honor to bee better informed, and shall know the very truth, and to
judge that your Honor's Peticoner is much wrongdt, and damaged In coming hether,
in Loosing his time, and leaving his employment with dayly expenses: which your
Honor bee pleased to consider, and to give Such order. That after your Honor's
Peticoner is cleared of the accusation Laid on him his costs, expenses, damages and
Loss of tyme may be allowed to him. not being reasonable to bee so much troubled
in a vexatious cause.

And your Honor's peticoner shall ever pray much. — Col. Docs. N. Y. xll. 521.

Synod of North Holland, at Haarlem.

1G75, July 29 et seq.
Xote.

(The following is an item of interest, as bcariu": on tlie wfU
known and oft-quoted " Journal " of the Labadists, Dankcrs and
Sluyter, who visited Xew York in 1G79.)

Art. 30. Labadists.

Regarding Art. 32, wluch speaks of tlie party ('aan.hang') of
the Labadists: The Classes which still have sonic remnants of
the people among them, declare that they are watching against
that evil with all diligence. All the Classes were once more ad-
monished to continue their good efforts to this end. On this
same occasion, the Rev. Oorrespondents from Utrecht and Vnos-
land read from their Acta some very lengthy articles on this

1675

676 Ecclesiastical Records

business. From these it appeared what had been resolved on in
reference to this matter, in their respective Synods; specially,
also, what means had been taken by them for counteracting" this
evil. The Revs. Deputati are requested, in dravring up the ex-
tracts of the corresponding Sj^nods, to insert the principal con-
tents concerning this matter therein.

Remonstrance of the Swedes and Fins of Cranehook
•Church, Against Domine Fabricius Being Their Minister.

« Laus Deo Semper.

The 14th of August 1675.
'We Swedes and Fins, ,

Belonging to the church at Cranehook, understand that the Dutch minister Feb-
rlcius has very unfairly and without our knowledge to the Honorable Gen-
eral our Church and the which was never granted him by General

Lovelace, except the community consented to it and what reasons could induce us
to do it, for neither we nor our wives and children are able to understand him.
We request therefore his Honor, Captain Cantwell, with due respect, humbly to
ask the Honorable General, that we hold divine service with our priest for our
edification, as we have done so far. If the Dutch priest desires to teach, let him
remain among his own people at Swanewyck and preach before the Dutch.

Hendricsen Lemmes.

As Deacons of the Church — Col. Docs. N. Y. xii. 53a

Olle Forsse, made by himself
Jan X Matson, made by himself
Sammel X Peetersen, made by himself
Mens X Pauwelson, made by himself ,'

The rest of the congregation.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Rev. Selyns.

1675, Aug. 26th.

A letter from Rev. Selyns to this body v/as read, describing

the religious condition of the national army. Resolved that the

same shall be politely answered by the clerk with thanks.

vii. 123.

Correspondence from America.

Rev. Gideon Schaats to the Classis of Amsterdam.

Albany, September 7, 1675.
This letter was difficult to read, but the substance of its con-
tents is a request that the brethren would remember him in

OF THE State of Xew York. 677

their jarayers, being now sixty seven years old. He also com-
plains of the disorderly preaching of another minister. (This
was the Eev. JTicholas Van Rensselaer).

Magister Fabricius Suspended.

Council Minute. Order suspending Magister Fabricius from Ministerial functions;
Delaware land matters; Order for the removal of the blockhouse at Kew Castle.

At a Council Sept. 15th, 1675.
Present, The Governor Capt. Brockholes

The Secretary Capt. Dyre

Mr. J. Laurence Mr. Fred Philips.

1675

Magister Jacobus Fabricius being ordered by special Warrant to make his per-
eonal appearance before ye Governor here to answer to a complaint made against
him by ye high Sheriff and Court at New Castle in Delaware for causing a disturb-
ance and uproare against ye Magistrate,

It is ordered, that ye said Magister Fabricius in regard of his being guilty of
what is laid to his charge and his former irregular life and conversation, be sus-
pended from exercising his function as a Minister, or preaching any more within
this Government either in publlck or private. — Col. Docs. N. Y. sll. 540.

John Werden, Secretary to the Duke ok Youk, to Governor
Andros, Sept. 15, 1G75.

Extract.

I have communicated to his Royal Highness your letter of the 'JOili <if Aprlll IC.TS,
with ye copies of ye proceedings menconcd in ye third paragraph of It, rclatln;; to
ye tumultuous meetings of some of ye chelfe of ye Dutch In that city*; and his
Royal Highness seems very well satisfied with your <-are and prudence In (]uelllnc
and composelng those disorders with soe much calmness.

He would have you endeavor upon all occasions to keepe ye people In due obedi-
ence and subjection, and all Inclinations towards mutiny severely supprest, but
relyea wholely upon your directions not to Impost anything that's hard and severe
upon them; and therefore doubtless you did very well to permltt ye person that
soe earnestly petlconed for It, to be admitted to be sworne upon his s\il>inlssion,
and I hope ye rest will follow by his example.— Col. Docs. N. Y. 111. '2li'J.

* Their names were, Cornells Rteenwyck, .lohannes Van ItriiKh, Johannes De
Peyster, Nicholas Hayard, Kgidlus Liiyck. William necckman, Jacob Kip, and
Antonio De Mill. Tlicir offence consisted In petitioning that thi'V may not he
obliged to take the Oath of Allegiance, nor bear arms ugalnst Htdland. The pro-
ceedings against them will be found at length In New York Council .Minutes, III.,
Part li; New York Colonial Manuscripts, xxxlv., xxxv.

878 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

1675

Difficulties is" the Dutch Church at Albany.

At a Council Sept. 25th, 1875.

Present.— The Governor, The Secretary, Capt. Brockholes, Mr. J. Laurence,
Capt. Dyre, Mr. Fred. Philips.

The matter under consideration was ye Complaint of Domiue Nicholas van Rens-
laer against Domine Newenhuysen, upon account of his sending to him by some
of ye Elders on Sunday last, to forbid him to baptize any children that should be
brought in the afternoon to be baptized, LTpon which he forbeare coming to ye
Church that time, but said he went to speak with Domine Newenhuysen, to know
his reason for what he had done.

To whom ye said Domine replyed aloude in ye street, that it was because he did
not looke upon him to be a lawfull Minister, nor his admittance at Albany to be
Lawfull, whereupon ye said Domine Renslaer desired to speake to him in ye house,
and to shew him what Testimonials he had, which he admitted, yet afterwards
would scarcely looke on them but exclaimed against him in like manner as before;
That afterwards at Mr. Ebbings one of ye Elders, they saw all his Papers, but ye
Domine still said, that one ordained in England, had nothing to do with their
Church, without a Certificate from their Classis.

Domine Newenhuysen did not deny at all that was alleaged against him, but on
ye contrary did in a manner maintaine. That no one that only had orders from ye
Church of England had suflScient authority to be admitted a Minister here, to
administer ye Sacraments without, as before, etc.

Resolved, That Domine Newenhuysen shall have time of two, three or four dayes
to sett in writing what his opinion or judgement is in this case, particularly
whether a Minister ordained in England by a Bishop, coming here and having
Certificate thereof, bee not sufiicient ordination to Preach and administer ye Sac-
raments in ye Dutch here or no.

Hee offers to bring it in on Thursday next.

A Copie of Domiue Newenhuysen's Orders and Instructions from ye Classis at
Amsterdam, to be taken and ye Originalls given him againe.

Domine Renslaer's papers of Certificate and Testimonialls were, viz.

The Ordinacon by Dr. Earle Bishop of Sarum, to be a Deacon.

His Majesty's allowance of him under his Signett to be a Minister, and to preach
to ye Dutch Congregation at Westminster

A Certificate from severall persons of Quality of his being an allowed Chaplaine
to ye Embassador extraordinary ye Heer Goph, from ye States of Holland.

A Certificate from ye Minister and officers of a Church in London, of his having
offlciated as a Lecturer there.

The Duke of York's recommendation of him to the present Governor here.

Upon which ye following Order was made, viz. Upon the Complaint of Domine
Nicholas Van Renslaer Minister of Albany, That Domine Wilhelmus Newenhuysen,
Minister of this Towne had openly and with words of contempt said that Domine
Renselaer was no Minister, and his ordinacon not good, both parties appearing this
day at the Couusell, Mr. Renslaer having produced his severall Ordinacon of Dea-
con and Presbiter by the Bishop of Salisbury, also attestacons of his having been
Minister to Myn Heer Van (Goph). Embassador from the States Generall residing
at London, and since Minister of ye Dutch Church at Westminster, and Lecturer
at St. Margaretts Loathliury in London, and of his good comport in said Churches,
together with his Majesty's Signett for Westminster, and his Royal Highnesse let-
ter of recommendacon to this place or Albany if vacant and made appeare his
being chosen, admitted and officiating in ye Church at Albany according to their
usual manner and Constitucon of ye Reformed Church, with ye approbation and Con-
firmation of ye Magistrates and Governor all which being found to be authenticke.

Upon a full hearing of all partys it appearing that Domine Newenliuysen had

OF THE State of New York. 679

Bpoken ye words declaring Domine Renslaer to be no Minister etc. ye above testi-
mony being produced in Councell to ye said Newenhuysen and he owned to have
been made acquainted therewith still insisted ye said Donilne Uenslaers Ordinucon
nor Call did not fitly qualify him to administer ye Sacraments, for which giving
not ye least sufficient reason, but implied according to his owue fancy.

Being Withdrawne, after mature deliberacon It being of great weight and Con-
sequence, It is Resolved that ye said Domine Newenhuysen shall have some time
to give in his Answer to ye above In writing, which he desiring no longer then till
Thursday, Ordered, That on Thursday ye 30th instant, ye said Domine Newen-
huysen shall by two o'clock in the afternoon appeare and bring In ye same. i)ar-
ticularly whether ye Ordination of ye Church of England be not sutflcieut qualifi-
cation for a Minister comporting himselfe accordingly, to be admitted, officiate and
administer ye Sacraments, according to ye Constltucous of ye Reformed Churches
of Holland. At which time ye Elders, and all other officers or ye Dutch Church
are likewise required to appeare and be present.

By Order of ye Governor in Councell

M. N. Seer.
[Matthias Nlcholls]

This order of Councell was sent. — Doc. Hist. N. Y. HI. 526, 027.

At a Councell Sept. 30th, 1675. Present. The Governor, The Secretary, Mr.
Laurence, Capt. Dyre and Mr. Philips.

This day being appointed at two o'clock for Domine Newenhuysen to bring In his
answer, and make his appearance, with ye Elders and r)cacons of the Church.

Hee brings a paper rather In the Justification of himself In his answer than
otherwise, and deneys what Is alleaged against him by Domine Renslaer therein.

After long debate, ye Domine and ye rest of ye Elders and Deacons, seeme to
allow In words, what Is denyde In writing, viz., That a Minister Ordained In Eng-
land by the Bishops Is every way Capable etc.

Time Is given them to consider agaiue well amongst themselves, and give a final
resolution In answer to the Order of Councell, tomorrow.

There were before the Councell,

Domine Newenhuysen Minister, Mr. Jeronimus Ebbing, Mr. Peter Stoutenberg,
Elders; Mr. Jacob Teunlsse Kay, Mr. Reyneer Willemse, Mr. Gerritt Van Trlght,
Mr. Isaack Van Vleck Deacons.

The next day they brought In their paper amended, with all Submission. — Doc.
Hist. N. Y, 111. 527.

Defence of Van Nieuwenhuy'sen.

To liis Excellency Major Sir Edmoiid Andres, Governor-General
of His Royal Iliglinesses Territories in Amorica :

Excellent and Honored Sir: —

As I have before declared in tlie presence of yonr Excellency
and the Council, so I still hy these declare, that the complaint
of Domine Nicholas Van Rensselaer aaainst my person, is not
righteonsly brought in. So far from my over (piestioning his
calling as. a minister, ordained by the lii.vhop of Salisbury, to-

1675

680 Ecclesiastical Records

gether with his certificates of the same, I have on the contrary,
fully assented to them, when they were presented to me. In-
deed, I have never spoken with domine Van Rensselaer, either in
private or in the presence of the Consistory, about the lawful-
ness of his call to the ministry; nor have I ever hitherto made
any special distinctions between the English and Dutch Churches.
I sustain the one as well as the other — I am not referring to
the language nor to individuals — as to the Rules, Discipline
and Order, wherewith the Church is served, administered and
governed in each country.

But as to the point to which I am especially required to make
answer: It is my opinion that the ordination of the Church of
England is a sufficient qualification for the institution of a min-
ister, lawfully called by the laying on of hands, and for the send-
ing of him, as such, in the dominions of his Majesty, wherever
it shall please their Honors. ISTevertheless, such a minister,
would not be pennitted to administer the sacraments, as a minis-
ter of the Dutch Church, w^hich has its own rights to be gov-
erned according to the customs of the Netherlands Reformed
Church, without having previously solemnly promised, as is usual
in the admission of ministers in the Netherlands, to conduct
himself in his services, conformably to their Confession, Cate-
chism and Mode of Government. This clearly appears from the
53rd Article of the Constitution of the Reformed Churches of
the Netherlands.

It is also my opinion, on the other hand, sa-ving the correction
of the judges, that no minister^ called in Holland and ordained
by the laying on of hands, would be permitted, as a regularly
called minister, to administer the sacraments in any one of the
Episcopal Churches of England without previously promising to
maintain and follow the Canons, Articles and Rules of the said
Episcopal Church, in his services.

Nevertheless on this point, I shall willingly regulate and sub-
mit myself according to my instructions, to the further explica-

OF THE State of Xew York. 681

tion of the Classis by whicli I have heeu called, invested and sent
forth.

Hoping herewith that I have fulfilled your Honor's order,
I am,

Respected, High and Honorable Sir,

Your Excellency's Servant and Subject,

Wilhelmus Van Nieuwenhuysen.

Conditions Undee Which an Episcopal Minister !MLa.y be
Acknowledged in a Dutch Church.

To the Noble, High, Honorable Sir, Major Edmund Audros,
Governor-General of all his Royal Highnesses Territories in
America.

Noble, High and Honorable Sir: —

A minister according to the order of the Church of Englajid,
lawfully called, is sufficiently qualified to be admitted to the
serving and administering of the sacraments in a Dutch Church
belonging under his Majesty's dominion, when he has promised
to conduct himself in liis service according to the Constitution of
the Reformed Church of Holland.
Noble, High, Honorable Sir,

Your Excellency's Servants and Subjects,

The Consistory of the City of Xew York,
In the name of all.
Wilhelmus Van Nieuwenliuysen, Pastor.
New York,

October 1, 1075.

Promise oi* Rkv. Xi<iiol.\s \'an Rknsski.ai ic. lo Comokni to
THE Dutch Church.

T the nndiTsigni'tl, have iJroniiscd nnd hcrcbv <\o promise,
to conduct myself in my Chnrch services ns minister <>i' AlUmy
and Renssclaerswyek, aeenrding to the Puieh ("hnveh. confonn-

1675

682 Ecclesiastical Records

ably to the public Church service and discipline of the Reformed
Church of Holland, pursuant to that which I have solemnly prom-
ised in my public installation before the whole congregation of
Albany, etc.

Done in the presence and view of Domine Wilhelmus Van Nieu-
wenhuysen, minister of the Word of God in New York, and of
Jeronimus Ebbing, Elder, and of the Burgomaster, Oloif Steven-
sen van Cortlandt.

Nicholas van Rensselaer,

Minister of the Word of God of New Albany,
and Rensselaerswyck.
New York,

October 2, 1675.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Rev. Selyns's Report.

1675, Dec. 26th.

Rev. Selyns gave a summary account to the Rev. Assembly of
his work in the army, at the same time thanking the Rev. Classis
for the supply of his church at Waverveen. He also handed in
very laudable testimonials, both from the Count of Waldeck and
from the officers of his regiment. These were very gratifying
to the Rev. Classis, and it thanked him once more for his faithful
labors in the army, and moreover wished him every blessing and
success, vii. 128.

OF THE State of New York. 683

1676

Classis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Deputies.

1676, March 30th.
Rev. Lycochton in the Chair.

The Eev. Chairman reported that in the matter of Rev. (John)
Megapolensis, he had made repeated efforts, with the gentlemen
of the West India Company, but hitherto he had not been able to
get a resolution of their Honors in this business. The brethren
who remain are recommended to urge this case to the utmost of
their ability.

The Minutes of the Rev. Classis and of the Deputies ad res
Indicas were examined, to discover if any business needed our at-
tention before adjournment. Nothing was found, except this case
of Rev. Megapolensis, which was given in cliarge to the Dep-
uties.— xxi. 159.

Acts of the Ci^assis of Amsterdam.

Widow of Rev. John Megapolensis.

1G70, April 27th.

The case of the widow of Rev., (John) Megapolensis was recom-
mended to Rev. Deputati ad causas transmarinias. vii. 132.
xLx. 173.

Petition of the Inhabitants of Esopus fok a ^Iinister of
thk gostel. [1g7g.]

To the Right Honorable Sr. Edmund AudroB Kt. SIkuof. of Snuciiinnres; Lleuteuant
and (Jovernor General Under hia Royal HlKhneas Jnnies I»uke of Yorke and
Albany and Dependants.

The humble Pcttlson of Severall of tin; liiIial)lttiiiLrp of ICsi'Ikih luimbly sheweth
unto your Honor,

Whereas this place Is destitute of a Minister for the Instruetlon of the people*
It Is our erncst deslar and humble rciiucst, with all submission, that your Honor
will bee pleased to bee aiding and assisting; In the procuring one for us; that can

1676

68-1 Ecclesiastical Records

preache both English and Dutche, which will be most fitting for this place, it being
In its Minority; and having great charges is not very able to malntaine twoo Min-
isters; nethar to bee at the Charge of Sending for one out of England or Holland,
and vree are Informed, Mr. Peetar Taschemaker Is at liberty, who is a person, well
known to your Honor and oflcltted in this place, for some time, And if to be pro-
cured, Is very well approved of and much dessired by moste, hee beinge a man of
a Sobar life and conversason having Deportted himselfe to satisfaction of ye Inhab-
Itanse, Wherefor wee humbly pray' that your Honor will bee pleased to be lustru-
mentall in the same and your Honor's humble petitioners shall ever pray, «S;c.

Harmon Gerrltson, Thomas Vandemark, Henrick Herrickson, Robert BickerstalT,
Andrie Petersen, An Broadhead, Robert Paycock, "William Gray, Jacob Johnson van
Eten, Richard D. Willson, Melgur Clare, Robert Chlsam, Thos. Garton, John Cock,
Georg Mailes, John Blgges, George Porter, Jacob Jansen Decker, Frederick Peter-
son, Jeremiah Keetel, William Janson, Thomas Quynell, John Parton, Anthony
Addison, Tho. Quick, Teunis Jacobson, Claus Teunlson, Arson Garreson, Garett van
fflet, Henry Pawling, Gilbert Krom, Gerrit Gisbert, his marke Peter & B Hilll-
brand. Evert Price, -f this is the marke of Warrener Hooris Beeck, Nieklaes
Rosevelt, his marke Jacob IB Basteyaensen, Heyman Albertson Roose, Arien
Albertson Roosa, his marke Lambart + Hubertson. Roelof Swartwout, John
Albertson Roose, his marke Garret H. Cornelisen, | Hattys Blanchan, his marke
Derick * Keyser, Anthoine Cresrel, his marke Albert A Gowersen, Johannes
de Hooges, Jan Joosten, Louys Dubois, William Asfordbie, M. Garton, William
Fisher, his marke Cornelius t Der. ..., Ed. Whlttaker, Jan Jansen Van...., his
marke Thomas ■+- Matthews, William Legg, John Ward, Walter Danniell, John
Hall, his marke Thomas + Chadock, his marke Poulus X Poulison, his marke
Hendrick * Aldersen, his marke Peter -j- Petersen, Weynte Ariens, Jr. — Doc.
Hist. N. Y. Hi. (4to.) 583. Col. Docs. N. Y. xill. 543, 544.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Correspondence from America.

1676, May 20/30.

Eev. William Van jSTieiiwenliuysen to the Classis of Amsterdam.

Reverend, Pious, Very Learned and Most Discreet Fathers and
Brethren in Christ: —
Your acceptable letter of December, 1674, reached us safely;
but thus far we have had no opportunity nor suitable material
for an answer. But the circumstances which have now befallen
us forbid longer silence. The principal inducement to this (letter)
is occasioned by the controversy, which arose between me and
Domine Nicholas Van Rensselaer, who has been palmed off upon
the pulpit here, rather than called to it in a legal way. When
this man came here, with the restoration of the English govern-
ment, in October 1674, he was, after a few months, invested with
the ministry of the church of ISTew Orange, now New Albany,

■a^j/

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GAt«j>^\ io.:'' v'q>€Q>,^^^,Fi<it-tt.jV*i^Jij^Vv*-^*'^*''''^'^

•,*K».,\>t Av2.g ^VSO'« e^Kt«»oOit. 1^<eiH>>t<. Vu- '(j
rjtAJt-iii, of Vt ^.t- '"ei^^piV, to ^-Lir*' ^o^/i^\< u-AttM, «K (r».>gK««*>J

ui.D Manubcuut— Dltcii Hiauiii.H.

THE NEW YORK

PUBLIC LIBRARY

ASTOR, LENOX A.D

TILDEN FOL.'.''DATIO\S.

OF THE State of Xew York. 685

without the least consultation with any ecclesiastical persons out-
side of the said place. This I judged to be directly contrary to
the rules and order of the church of the Fatherland. When he
came down here, (to New York) I accordingly warned him by
an elder that he could not administer baptism in our church,
which he would otherwise have performed, unsolicited, until' he
should present evidence that he had passed his final examination,
and had been ordained to the office of the ministry by the la\'ing
on of hands in the Fatherland. Instead of producing this evi-
dence, he immediately went to the Governor (Andros) and laid
slanderous charges (against me). He said that I had denied that
the Church of England was a true cliuroh, that I had treated the
authority and letters of the King and of the Duke of York with
contempt, and had subjected myself to the charge of crimen nescia
quod. [Crimen leasae Majestatis?] i^othing of these charges,
had yet been shown to me, or seen by me, as presented by hini^
The Council being called together here concerning this matter, T
was publicly asked if the Church of England or the Bishop of
Salisbury had not authority to ordain a minister for our Dutch
church. Whereupon I persistently declared that I could not and
would not acknowledge any Episcopal government owv the church
committed to my care. I placed myself for vindication, upon the
Church Order of the Netherlands, and referred to my instruc-
tions received from your Rev. Body, viz., that all thinj2,s nnist be
done in harmony with the Nctherland Churches. I felt that if
my plea was not sustained, my ministry woukl de facto cease; yet
I doubted not that some means wonhl he liojicstly provided for my
family, for it was under the care and kindness of your lu'V. Body
that I was sent hither. 1 have sent you a copy of the false charge,
as well as my lawful defence, that you may understand both. I
doubt not that my defence of the freedom of the Dutch Church
will prove acceptable to your Kev. Bo«iy, for you arc the i)illars
of the same. In the meantime, I await yonr advice and couu.^cl
as to that which is now brought before you.

1676

686 Ecclesiastical Recokds

The church here does not now increase on account of the un-
precedented proceedings against the inhabitants in connection
with the change of government. This has excited the hatred and
contempt of the rulers against the subjects. I should not be sur-
prised if a large portion of the Dutch citizens should be led to
break up here and remove. The bearer of this, Aegidius Luyck,
S. S. Ministerii Candidatus, will give jou verbal testimony. I
commend to your attention the intelligence he will furnish you.

I close by supplicating for the divine blessing upon your Classi-
cal Assembly, as well as upon your ministerial labors. Praying
:for the prosperity of Jerusalem, and anxiously desiring the es-
tablishment of a holy peace throughout Christendom, and com-
mending ourselves and ours to your kindness and favor, I remain,

Reverend, Pious, Greatly Learned, and Discreet Sirs, Your
Most Obedient and Affectionate Servant and Brother in Christ,

"William Van Xieuwenhuysen,
'New York in America Ecclesiastes in New York.

May 20/30, 16Y6.

Widow of (Eev. John) Megapolensis.

1676, May 26th.

Pev. Deputati report that nothing further could be done in the
case of the widow of Rev. (John) Megapolensis, on account of
the absence of the Hon. Ex-Directors of the West India Com-
pany, vii. 135.

(The old W. I. Co. was dissolved in 1675, and a new company
organized on a different basis.)

Casparus Van Zuuren.

1676, July 20th.

Rev. Casparus Van Zuuren, Cand. S. S. Minister, residing out-
side of the Tiendervrye Gate of Gouda, hands in a satisfactory
church testimonial; also one of his preparatory examination, held
in the Classis of Gouda. He asks that he mav be received as

OF THE State of Xew York. 687

" Eecommended " by this Classis and also for service in the
churches in foreign lands, particularly for the East India churches.
His request was very gladly granted, after he had given a digni-
fied (deftig) proof of his gifts, and had signed the formulae of
Concord, vii. 137.

Affidavits Concerning the Conduct of Rev. John Meoa-
polensis at the surrender, 16g-1.

1676, Aug. 15.
(Stamp of Six Stivers)

To-day the 15th of August 1676 appeared before me, Adrian
van Santen, Xotary Public, admitted by the Court of Holland,
residing at Amsterdam, in the presence of the under-named wit-
nesses, Messrs. Daniel Hondecoutet and Jonas Bartelsen, both of
competent age, who at the request of the widow and heirs of the
Eev. Joannis Megapolensis, in his lifetime servant of the Holy
Gospel at ISTew Amsterdam in New Xetherland, testified and de-
clared, that they wxre citizens and inhabitants of Xew Amsterdam
aforesaid, in the year 1664, and some years pre-s-ious, during
which time the said late Domine Megapolensis has always borne
himself in his duties, as a pious and godly preacher is bound to
do; also that the same Domine Megapolensis, at the time of the
surrender of the said place, did not in the least, so far as the
affiants know, troul)le himself in words, advice or deeds about
political matters nor make any jiropositions, which might have
been to the prejudice of their High Mightinesses, the Lords States
General, and the privileged West India Company of this country.
Affiants give as reasons, that they have been citizens and iniiabit-
ants at the aforesaid, as stated above, and have never seen any-
thing else of the said Domine Megapolensis than what is said be-
fore; offering to confirm tiiis, if required, i>y oath. All done in
good faith at Amsterdam, in the presence of CJillis Grommel
and Jacobus do Femdry, my clerks, as witnesses.

Quod attestor,

A. van Santen, Notary Publick.

1676

688 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

Classis of Amsterdam.

Correspondence from America. Rev. William Van Nieuwen-
huysen to Classis of Amsterdam. (Extract in Minutes N^ortk
Holland, 1677, Art, 9.)

1676, Aug. 29tli.

Reverend, Pious, Very Learned, Very Prudent Fathers and
Brethren in Christ.

Gentlemen : —

I hope that your Reverences received my last letter, written in
May and sent by Domine Aegidius Luyck. ITothing particular
has happened since. The death of Domine Johannes Theodorus
Polhemus, the aged minister in the churches of Breukelen, Mid-
wout and I^ew Amersfoort, all on Long Island, gives us occasion
to trouble you again. Your special fondness and inclination to
keep up the purity of doctrine at home and abroad, has so touched
the minds of the overseers in the aforesaid congregations, that
they have requested me to move your Reverences by all possible
means, on their behalf, that a suitable man be called, installed,
and as soon as possible sent over as their preacher. This we could
not refuse to do. The situation of the villages is well known to
Domine Henricus Selyns, a member of your Rev. Body. There
are altogether three hundred members. The salary promised, un-
der the signature of the Magistrates and Consistory, to be raised
yearly, amounts to seven hundred and fifty florins, Holland cur-
rency, besides a free residence and the providing of fuel.

May the love of Christ incline you to consider how wretched
it is to see so many sheep without a shepherd. It is well known
to you that trees grow miserably wild, if not trimmed and pruned
in their season.

As far as I am concerned, I shall meanwhile not cease to do the
best in my power for their benefit; but you may easily under-
stand, how little time I can spare in behalf of others, when I am

OF THE State of New York. 6S9

the only Dutch minister hereabouts, and must attend to the ser-
vices in our congregation three times a week.

The money to pay for the examination fees has been sent to
Domine Selyns, who is requested to hand it to your Reverences,
if necessary. The expenses for the voyage hither of the preacher
called shall be paid as soon as ho arrives. Tliey request your
Reverences most earnestly, to take this matter to heart, that it
may prosper to the honor of God, to the edification of the congre-
gation, and to the praise of your Christian care. Our Noble,
Very Honorable Governor (Andros,) has given his consent to all.

Herewith we commend you to God and the word of his grace.
We pray for the peace of Jerusalem, and for a blessing upon your
Reverences and upon your spiritual advice. Closing ^vith the
humble salutation of the above congregation.

Your Reverences Obedient, and Wcll-Dis-
posed Servant and Brother in Christ
New York in America, Wilhelmus van Xieuwenliuysen.

29th of August, 1G76.

(There is another letter of July 27th 1676 identical with the

above.)

An Albany Minister in Confinement.

At a Counwll Sept. 8th, 167C. Present. The Governor Cnpt. Brockhole*. The
Secretary. Capt. Dyrc.

Upon Information that Domliu" Ucnslacr (one of tlio Ministers nt .Mliaiiy) la con-
fined by the Magistrates there, upon matter of some iliiMous words spoken by the
Bald Domlue in his Sermon or Uoetrliie.

It is Ordered, That the said Domine l)oe releast from his imprisonment, and «B7
matter concerning the same is to l)ee heard here.— Uoc. llist. N. Y. 111. 527.

At a Meeting of the Governor In Coun<eli, and Minister of yo City of New \ork,
Sept. 15th, lOTtJ. The occasion was tiie returne of the appeaie in the CaBo between
Domine N. Uensiaer and Mr. Jacob Leysier, and Mr. Jacol) .Milburne, had l>eforc
ye Court and Consistory at Alltany.

Ordered, That as Dondne Kenslacr hath putt in Security of llfteen hundred Build-
ers Holland's money for lo prosecute, so ye said Leysier and Mlll)urne are to putt
in ye like Security to malvc gooii their Charge.

Ordered, that Mr. Lelsler do besides hlmselfe, put In one or two otheni an Security
for Ave thousand pounds by tomorrow before noonc. — Doc. Hist. N. Y. Hi. B'28.

8ept. the lOlh.

The Ensuing Warrant was sent up to Albany by the (Jovornor. Wherenii Mr.
Jacob Milburne hath accused Domine Nicholas Itenslaer for words upoken by him
In a sermon at Albany on the l.'tih last past, the which having made a great dl»-

1676

690 Ecclesiastical Eecords

turbance, and been before the Church Officers and Court there, and at last remitted
here in order to a determination; In case the same be nott already taken up and
Composed before this comes to your hands, These are in his Majesties name to
require you, to cause ye said Milburne to give in sufficient Security to the value
of one thousand pounds for his appearance to prosecute and answer the matters
relateing thereunto according to Law; which if he shall refuse to do. that hee bee
committed to safe custody into ye Sheriffs hands, of the which you are not to faile,
and to make a speedy returne hereof; Given under my hand in New York, Septem-
ber ye 16th 1676.

E. Andross.
To ye Commander and Magistrates at Albany. — Doc. Hist. N. Y. iii. 528.

Sept. the IStli. Mr. Levsler not obeying the Order of the Gov-
ernor in Councell of the 15th Instant, was bj the Governor's
speciall Warrant committed into the Custody of the Sheriff.

The Warrant was as followeth. viz. By the Governor.

Whereas Mr. Jacob Leisler of this City hath accused Domine Nicholas Renslaer
for words spoken by him in a Sermon at Albany, on the 13th last past, the which
having made a great disturbance and been before the Church Officers and Court
there, and at last remitted here in Order to a determination, but ye said Leysler
not having given Security according to the Law and Order; These are in his
Majesty's name to require you forthwith to take ye person of ye said Jacob Leysler
Into your Custody, and him safely to keep in Order to a determination according
to Law; for the which this shall be your sufficient Warrant. Given under my hand
in New York this 18th day of Septamber, 1676.

K. Andross.
To ye Sheriff of New Yorke, or his Deputy. — Doc. Hist. N. Y. iii. 528.

At a Councell. Sept. 23rd, 1676. Present. The Governor and Councell, the Mayor
and Aldermen, the Ministers of ye City. Upon reading all Evidences and papers
relating to the difference between Domine Nicholas Renslaer and Mr. Jacob Leysler
and Mr. Jacob Milburne, but ye said Milburne not being present, nor any autborized
from him.

Resolved, That if all parties are willing to stand to the friendly and amicable
determinacon made by the Church Officers or Kerken Raat at Albany, and referr
ye matter of Charges, (which was ye only obstruction then) to ye Governor and
Councell and persons above, That then they will proceed to a finall Determinacon
therein; But if not then a short day shall be appointed for hearing all parties,
and taking all further Resolves and order therein as ye Case shall require; All
parties to have Coppies, and bring in their Answers by ye first returne from Albany.

Mr Stephen Van Cortland for Domine Renslaer, and Mr. Jacob Leysler for him
selfe doe desire an Issue may be putt to ye businesse In question. — Doc. Hist. N. Y.
Hi. 528.

The Case of Domine Schaets.

Extraordinary Court holden at Albany, Sept. 28, 1676. Post Meridiem. — Present.
Capt. Salisbury, Commander. Capt. Thom De Lavall, Richard Pretty, Dirck Wes-
sells, Pr. Wlnne, Capt. Phill Schuyler, Andr. Teller, Jan Thomase, Marte Gerritse,
Mr. Slston, Sheriff. Domine Schaets, Domine Renslaer and some witnesses appear-
ing in Court (all the papers in the difference between the two above named Domines
being examined and reviewed) they are by order of the Governor to be reconciled
according to Christian duty and love, as it specially becomes such servants of God's
Word. Whereupon the above named Ministers answer. They are willing to be
reconciled with all their hearts.

Domine Schaets declares the twelve men. whom he accused of partiality in a
Letter written to the Consistory of New York, to be honorable persons, and say
that all such occurred foolishly, requesting forgiveness.

OF THE State of Xew York. 691

Doctor Corn. Van Dyck, representing the Consistory, Complains that Domlne
Schaets being sent for on two occasions by the Consistory, refused to come to
them, In direct violation of the Law of the Church.

Domine Schaets says that he was In the first Instance declared Interested
because he had rendered in writing his opinion of Domlne Uenslaer's preaching,
but that was not done to excite parties, confessing to have acted very Improperly
and they too in like manner.

Whereas various differences have arisen and sprung up between the two Min-
isters wherein Domine Schaets charged and accused Etomlne Renslaer with fal«e
preaching; and Domlne Renslaer thereupon Replied that It was a false He. Domlne
Schaets Is therefore ordered to prove the same, who forthwith drew forth a little
Book containing divers old comments which the W. Court neither accepted nor
received.

Their Worships ask parties If they will leave and refer their differences to their
W's decision?

Who answered, Yes.

Thereupon the W. Court resolved unanimously and by plurality of Votes, that
Parties shall both forgive and forget as it becomes Preachers of the Reformed
Religion to do; also that all previous variances, church differences and disagree-
ments and provocations shall be consumed in the Are of Love, a perpetual silence
and forbearance being Imposed on each respectively, to live togeth»»r as Brothers
for an example to the worthy Congregation, for edification to the Reformed Relig-
ion and further for the Removal and banishment of all scandals; And In case here-
after any difference may occur or happen between them, they shall seek redress
from the Consistory, to be heard there; but parties not being content with Its
award, the Consistory shall then state to the Governor who is In fault, who shall
then be punished according to the exigency of the case. In like manner ea<'h was
warned not to repeat or renew any more former differences or variances, under a
penalty to be fixed by "their worships of the Court. — Doc. Hist. N. Y. ill. 529.

DoMixE Rensselaer's Case.

At a Councell October 23rd, 1670. Present. The »joverni>r and Conncell. Some of
ye Aldermen, The Ministers of the City.

Upon a Returne from Albany, The matter conrernlnj; ye «-harge8 abnut ye Differ-
ences between Domlne Renslaer, and Mr. Leysler and Mllburne. now referred by
all partys to the determlnacon of the (Jovernor and Councell, the same iH'lug taken
Into conslderacon The Ensuing order was made vir.

Whereas there was an amicable and friendly agreement made by the Church
Officers (or Kerken Raat) at Albany of the Difference between Domlne Nicholas
Renslaer on the one part, and Jacob Leisler and Jacol) Mllburne on the other, only
as to the matter of Charge, the which was referred to ye (Jovertior and Councell
here.

The same being taken Into Consideration, It Is Orch-red. That Jacob Leysler and
Jacob Mllburne doe [xiy the whole charge both at Albany and here, as giving the
first occasion of the difference, .nnd that Domlne Renslaer bee frccil from lM>nrlng
any part thereof, and this to be a tlnall end and ileti niilnm-on of the matter
betweene ye partycs «i>'>!i 'M-^ ...•.•■i^|,,n It...- iil-t \ Y Ui v.i> ,v?o.

Petition' from IIinti.nodox, I.. I. .\«.Ai.\.sr riiK (^takers and

Indians.

To the Right Honorable Edmontl Androsa Esq.. Governor, etc.
The humble petition of the Inhabitants of Huntington upon Long Island.

Your petitioners humbly desire your Honor That your Honor will be plen«<Ml that
some Care may be taken That the Quakers may not be suffered to Come Into our
Meeting house In tyme of Goil'a Worship to disturbe us as they fre.juontly d<»«.

1676

1677

692 Ecclesiastical Eecokds

Alsoe that your Honor will please to order That the Country rate and Minister's
rate may be made both in one and alsoe that your Honor will please to order that
the Indians may not plant in our meadowes which wee have bought of them and
paid for which is very much to our Damage And your Petitioners shall Ever
pray etc.

Samuel Titus, Constable.

Endorsed. The Law to bee alttered The Indians to bee sent for by the Constable —
1677.— Doc. Hist. N. Y. ill. 209, 210.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Van Zueren,

1677, Marcli 15th.

Rev. Casparus van Zueren, S. S. Min. Cand., renews his re-
quest to be advanced to the service of the churches in foreign
lands, and the same was acceded to with pleasure by this Assem-
bly, vii. 152. xix. 175.

Sent to ISTew ISTetherland.

1677, March 15th.
Eev. Deputati ad res Maritimas represent to this Assembly,
that Kev. William Nieuwenhuysen, minister at I^ew York in !New
^N'etherland, had written them that Rev. John Theodore Pol-
hemius, minister in the colonies of Breuckelen, ]\iidwout, Amers-
foort and New Utrecht, had died there, in that land; and that
delegates from that place had promised for the salary of a minis-
ter, a yearly sum of 750 guilders, Holland money, ($300.) be-
sides providing a free dwelling and fire wood. They would also
transmit by draft some money for defraying the expenses which
might be incurred by this Assembly in making out a (new) calL
They also declared that it would be particidarly agreeable to
them, if Domine Selyns could be persuaded to accept this position,
but if this cannot be, that some other capable person be sent to
them from here. This proposition was laid before Rev. Selyns.
He declared, however, that he wished to be excused from under-
taking this service. Thereupon the Assembly called, by a ma-
jority of votes, the Rev. Casparus van Zueren. When this was
communicated to him, he accepted this call in the fear of the

OF THE State of Xew York. 693

Lord. After preaching a sermon he was examined in the prin-
ciples of Theology by Rev. Domine, Examiner Jacob Klerk. In
both of these exercises he gave peculiar satisfaction. He was ac-
cordingly ordained to the ministry in the presence of tliis Assem-
bly, by the Rev. Examiner. He also signed the usual formulae,
vii. 152. xix. 175.

Bishop of London's Memorial Respecting tue Churches in
THE Plantations.

On the 17th of July my Lord Bishop of Tvondon presents a
memorial, as follows: (1G77.) A memorial of what abuses
are crept into the Churches of the Plantations.

1. That the Kings right of patronage and j^rosenting to all
benefices and cures of souls which happen to be void in any of the
plantations is not duely asserted and practised by the several
Governors in so much as some parishes are kept vacant where a
lawful minister may be had, and some {xrsons are commissi< mated
to exercise the ministerial function without orders both in Vir-
ginia, Barbadoes, and other places.

2. That the profits of each vacant parish (instead of being re-
served for the next incumbent, as they are by law here in Eng-
land, or otherwise piously disjwsed of for ecclesiastical uses) are
for the most part converted by the people to their own use during
the said vacancy which does very much encourage them to op-
pose all offers and opportunities for their supjdy.

3. That the ministers which ought to be admitted for life are
often hired (as they term it) by the year and sometime by the

sermon.

4. Tliat the settled ministers an- in a tjrrat part deprived of
that short niaiiit<n:inc<' which their hiw^ protended to allot them
in that the commodities are paid generally the worst and over-
rated, and if the commodities happen to be of a just value to wiiat

1677

694 Ecclesiastical Records

they are rated, the minister is forced to attend till another year
when they shall be worth nothing.

5. That in Maryland, etc., there is no settled maintenance for
the ministers at all the want whereof does occasion a total want
of ministers and divine worship except among those of the Roman
belief who ('tis conjectured) do not amoimt to one in an hun-
dred of the people.

6. That in Virginia (notwithstanding their own law to that
purpose) there are no public places alloted to bury their dead in,
insomuch that that profane custom of burying in their gardens,
orchards and other places still continues.

7. That the vestries there pretend an authority to be intrusted
with the sole management of church affairs, and to exercise au
arbitrary power over the ministers themselves.

8. That in Virginia there is a great defect in the execution of
those two wholesome laws viz. the 4 and 12 Acts of the Assembly,
the one prohibiting all marriages to be solemnized without a law-
ful minister imposing the punishment due for fornication on the
parties, and making their children illegitimate and so not capable
of inheriting, the other prohibiting any person to exercise the
ministerial function without proving himself to have first received
orders from some Bishop in England.

9. There is no care taken, except in Virginia, for the passage
and other accommodations of such ministers as are sent over. Col.
Docs. K Y. iii. 253.

Extracts from Letters.

1677, July 26th.

Some extracts w^ere also read by the Rev. Deputati aforesaid,
as follows: some extracts from a letter from Rev. Philip Specht,
of Curacoa, of June 26th, 1676: also from the letters from
Batavia dated Jan. 30th, 1676; also some from a letter of Rev.
William van Nieuw^enhuysen, dated in Xew York, in America,
July 27th, 1676, which will be communicated to the Rev. S;)Tiod.
vii. 166. xix. 180.

OF THE State of New York. 695

1677

Synod of North Holland, at Hoorn.

1677, Aug. 10 et seq.
Art. 9. Extracts concerniDg Indian Affairs.

Extract and letter from Rev. William Nieuwenhuysen.

A letter was read from Rev. William Nieuwenhiiysen, of
New York, in America, dated July 27, 1676.

1. He makes known the death of Rev. Polhemius, minister of
the church of New Breukelen, Midwout, New Amersfoort, all
situated on Long Island.

2. He requests in a very friendly manner, that Rev. Classia
would again provide the abovementioned churches with a capable
person in the place of Rev. Polhemius.

3. W^ith the circumstances of these villages, Rev. Selyns is
very well acquainted.

4. That there are three hundred members in them.

5. That over the signatures of the magistrates and the con-
sistory, a promise is made to contribute yearly seven hundred and
fifty guilders, Holland value; besides a suitable dwelling, and the
providing of free fi.re wood.

6. That there is a necessity for providing for this church as
soon as possible.

7. That the money for the expenses of the examination will bo
provided for and paid by Rev. Selj-ns.

8. That the expenses of the journey of the niinisttT who i^
called will be thankfully paid.

9. This matter has been arranged with the coiiaeut of tho
Governor.

10. It concludes with a frnttriial salutation.

1677

696 Ecclesiastical K,ecokds

Ministerial Changes.

From the Classis of Amsterdam were sent as ministers:

To the East Indies

To Curacoa

To ITew Netherland, Casparus van Zuren.
To Guiana (Cajana)

Article 42,
[A long Article, showing that the Synod exerted itself to the
utmost to suppress " Brandt's History of the Reformation".]

Art. 55. List of Changes:

In the Classis of Alcmaer.

Rev. Samuel Megapolensis departed from the church of Wier-
wigerwaart, to go to the English Church at Flushing.

Classis of Amsterdam.
Correspondence from America.

1677, Sept. 26th.
The Church of Kingston to the Classis of Amsterdam.
To the Reverend, Very Learned Classis at Amsterdam:
Your Reverences: —

There are under the jurisdiction of ISTew York three villages
now without a teacher or minister; and we have, together, re-
solved, to raise six hundred schepels of wheat for the support of
a minister, who will serve in the said three villages, lying about
half an hour from each other. We are therefore compelled, to
acquaint your Reverences with our needs. If there is a preacher
there, who would come to us at the salary stated; a man of good
habits and sound in doctrine, he shall have said salary yearly.

OF THE State of Xew York. 697

To this we bind ourselves, as well as for the payment of his ex-
penses for his passage here. The minister shall also have free
house and free fuel.

We certify to this and expect, as above said, a good minister.
Meanwhile we remain.

Your Reverences brothers and servants in

Christ Jesus,
The Consistory at Kingston, Hurley and
Marbletown. Wessel Ten Broeck, Jan
Mattysen, Dirck Schepmoes, Jan Hen-
dericksen, Alaerdt Ileymansen Roosa,
Roelof Henderickx, Jan Joosten, Willem
Jansen.

(This, and the petition to Governor Andros, September 27,
1677, resulted in the coming over of Domine Laurentius van
Gaasbeeck; and the originals of these documents are in the pos-
session of his descendant, C. H. Van Gaasbeeck of Ivingston,

N. Y.)

Petition of Three Villages, Kingston, Etc., to Call a Min-
ister.

1077.

To the Honorable Edmond Andros, Governor Genernl, under his
Royal Highness, James, Duke of York, over all 11 is territories
in America.

Your Honor: —

Whereas in the three villages here we are umv without a
preacher and cannot be accommodated by our neighbors, who are
at such a distance from each other, we have raised by vobmtary

subscriptions six Immlrcd hcliciicls o( wheat as your lloiK.r may
learn from the accompanying list. For this wc would like to call a
preacher nud it is our huuible riMjuest, that your Honor will give

1677

698 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

us permission to call a preacher. Hoping your Honor will assist
us in this call, we remain,

Your Honor's subjects and servants, the
Kingston, Consistory of Kingston, Hurley and Mar-

27th of Sept. bletown, Wessel Ten Broeck, Jan Matty-

1677. sen, Dirck Schepmoes, Jan Hendricksen,

Approved Alaerdt Heymanse Roosa, Roelof Hen-

Kew York, Oct. 8, 1677. drik, Jan Joosten, Willem Jansen.
E. Andross.

Eor the call of a preacher from Holland the Deputies from the

villages of Kingston, Hurley and Marbletown, promise in the

name of their congregations yearly to raise six hundred schepels

of wheat to the value of three thousand florins in wampum; but

they only contract to pay the said salary in nothing but wheat,

and not more than six hundred schepels of wheat in each year.

For Kingston 400 schepels

For Hurley 100 schepels

For Marbletown 100 schepels

Total 600 schepels.

Wessel Ten Broeck,
Jan Mattysen,
H. D. Meyer
Compared and found correct Johannes de Hooges.

K. Rulens,
Convent, dep. ad res Maritimas Scriba.

(This is found in English, exactly as above, in Vol. xxvii.
144, in the Archives of Classis of Amsterdam.)

Marginal note on the above, xxvii. 144.

At a Councell held in K'ew York, the 19th day of jSTovember,
1680.

Present the Governor et Councell Mr. Wessel Ten Broeck, Mr.
Jan Mattysen, Mr. William de Meyer and Mr. Johannes Hooges,

OF THE State of Xew York. - 699

1677

authorized from the Esopus, acquainting the Governor that they
are agreed to write to Europe for a minister in tlie room of their
late minister, deceased, desiring his Honor's approbation thereon,
is admitted and approved accordingly, but in their letter they
are to give direction for one that can preach in English alsoe, if
to be had; and if they write to Holland, that it be communicated
to the English church there.

By order in Councell, etc.
John West, Ck. Concl.
(See also Doc. Hist. iii. 5S3, 4to ed.)

Correspondence from America.

Rev. Caspar Van Zuuren to Classis of Amsterdam.

Sept. 30, 1677. xxi. lSS-9.

Reverend, Pious, Very Learned, Very Prudent Gentlemen,
Fathers and Fellow-Laborers in Christ:

Gentlemen: —

Pursuant to the call conveyed to me by your Reverend Body,
I departed from Amsterdam on the 11th of June; from the Texel
on the 13th; and I arrived at the port of Dover on the 15th,
where I had to wait sixteen consecutive days. Tho sliip was
there examined by the Custom officials, and we also took on board
a new cargo. We went to sea again on the first of Jirfy, and
passed out of the channel, not without some danger, but under the
protection of the Almighty. For the sea was infested with
French and Turkish pirates, who took Dutch passengers and crew
even from English ships. But under God's gracious providence
we had but little trouble. We landed at New York on the 9th
of September, being one day more than thirtf^n v.r.-ks nft.r ue
sailed out of the port of Amsterdam.

I have been kindly entertained by Doniinc Niouwenhuysen for
a fortnight, during which time I had opportunity to visit the vil-
lages, (on Long Island) and to choose a dwelling place. This

700 Ecclesiastical Records

must serve me imtil a new house is built for me. I cliose tlae
village of Mid wont, called Flatbusli, (bet vlatke land, Elatlands,)
lying in a central position regarding tlie three others. Putting
aside all other considerations, I judged it to be the most con-
venient for the services required in the other villages around it.
The house of the schoolmaster here has temporarily been turned
over to me. It was hastily and only partially repaired, to serve
me for the present. But I do not know, how long this arrange-
ment will last. At present the villages are at variance concern-
ing the erection and furnishing of this new house. The people
of Breuklen and Midwout speak of an agreement, that the build-
ing was to be erected at the general expense of all the villages,
and at such a place or village as the preacher, upon his arrival,
should consider the most serviceable and convenient; but as I
fixed upon Midwout as the place of my abode, the people of
Amersfoort and of Utrecht deny the agreement. ^Nevertheless,
when I first visited their villages, they themselves proposed to
rent or to buy a better house there, than that of the schoolmaster,
which was offered to me in Midwout. Xow the villages of Amers-
foort and of Utrecht, and also the people of Breukelen who still
hold to the agreement, each offer to build me a parsonage at their
own expense, without troubling the other villages. But the peo-
ple of Midwout, where my predecessor, J. Theodorus Polhemius
lived, stick to the agreement, relying, as I think, upon the ex-
cellence of the position and upon the central situation of their
village, as stated above. I have tried my best in a friendly way
to adjust this difference among the brethren, but all in vain be-
cause of the obstinacy of certain ones, who seem to have an eye
only to self interest. Even if I agi-eed to live in Breukelen or in
Amersfoort, that would not end, but rather increase the difficulty,
because of the jealousy between these two places; besides I could
not then serve all the villages so well, living too far from some
of them, I should perhaps bring this matter before our iSToble
Governor, Edmond Andros, who is a well liked and discreet gen-

OF THE State (3f Xew York. 701

1677

tleman, well-affected to religion. lie would as I believe quickly
decide the case for the best of the congregation. But I thought
it would seem ridiculous for me to complain of my congregation
at the very beginning of my services, as if they were not fulfilling
their promises to me. This would also have increased the bad
feeling not a little, and this consideration made me hesitate. I
therefore prefer patiently to leave this matter to God and time.
In every other respect there is great friendship among the mem-
bers in general. If it were not for this dispute among the vil-
lages much good might be done, but this now, I fear, will be
frustrated, and my efforts be made fruitless for a while.

The whole number of members in the four villages is about
three hundred. At Broukclen there are one hundred and six-
teen, including the surrounding hamlets and farms; at Midwout
about one hundred; at Amersfoort sixty, and at Utrecht, which
is the poorest village, and which was almost entirely destroyed by
fire three years ago, there are only fifteen or twenty. I have
also been obliged to hold an election for a new Consistory there,
viz., two elders and two deacons, although one elder and one
deacon would have been suflficient; that in the general Consistory
of all the villages Utrecht should not be at a disadvantage. Be-
fore I could begin my services in the villages, the above mentioned
Governor wished to hear me preach in the city first. When this
had been done, I was inducted at ]Midwout on the 10th of Sep-
tember, and there-after I preached also in the other villages. I
hope also to administer the Holy Supper in each village twice a
year, being eight times in all; because the people of the different
villages can easily come together and take the communion with
their neighbors, as frequently as they think it necessary. The
Supper has been administered by Domine Van Xieuwenhuysen,
ever since the death of Domine Polhemius, of blessed memory.
The salary of three thousand guilders in wampum, is not quite
worth seven hundred and tifty in Holland currency, but •»nly

1677

Y02 Ecclesiastical Records

about six hundred guilders being five to one, and not four to one,
as I was promised. This, together -witli the trouble about the
building and furnishing of the parsonage, is not a little depress-
ing at the beginning of my service and my happiness is taken
away. In addition, although eatables are cheap here, all foreign
goods necessary for housekeeping are extremely dear. It is there-
fore as cheap to live in the Fatherland as here. jSTothing more
of importance has occurred in the churches of this country, ex-
cept that Domine (o^icholas) Rensselaer who officiated in the
Colony of Rensselaerswyck, has been deposed by the Governor on
account of his bad and offensive life. Of this Domine IsTieuwen-
huysen, who knows all about this man, will probably write more
details, which are not so well known to me.

In closing I commend your Reverences to God and the word of
his grace, praying for the peace and edification of Jerusalem, the
blessing of the Almighty upon your counsels in the Classis, and
upon your services in your churches. With my humble greetings,
I am and remain,

Tour Reverences Obedient, Very Affec-
tionate Servant and Fellow-Laborer in
Christ,
Casparus van Zueren, Minister of the
Dutch congregation (in Kings County)
Midwout on Long Island in America,

the 30th of Sept.,
local stile,
1677.

List of members at the settlement of Domine Casparus Van
Zuuren on Kings County, Breuckelyn, Midwout, New Amers-
foort, New Utrecht, 1677.

Brooklyn.

Thomas Lambertse and Jannetje, z. h. (zijn huisvrouw, his wife.)
Jan Gerritse en Anna Remse, z. h.

OF THE State of Xew York. 703

1677

Pauliis Dirkee en Jannetje, z. h.

Tennis Janse en Barbara Lucas, z. h,

Hans Teunise en Marretje Tennis, z. h.

Lucas Tennis

Bourgon Brouard

Dirk Storm en Marie Pieters, z. h.

Jan Harm Bergen, Jannetje Tennis, z. h.

Paulus Dirkee, Aagte Teunis, z. h.

Elizabetti Paulus

Elizabeth Thomas

Hendrickje Johannes

Stjntje Gerritse

Marie Pieters

Waale Quartie.
Eem Jansen
Joris Remse

Tunis Gysbertje Bogart
Joris Hanse Bergen.
Jannetje Joris Papalje, z. h.

Hildegond

Femmetje Kemsen,
Sarah Joris Kapalje,

Postscript to letter of Van Zueren of Sept. 30th 1677.

To the Reverend, Pious, Very Learned Domine Cornelius Daiic-
kerts, Paithful Servant of God's Word in the Congregation of

Christ at Amsterdam : (This Cornelius Danck-

erts was brotlior of Rev. Edward Daiickorts, minister of the
Dutch Church at Smyrna.)

Admodum Reverendo Doraine:

These few lines are to serve only as iwstscript, because the facts
contained therein, occurred after closing my first letter; namely,
that the dissensions concerning the erection and expenses of a now
parsonage for us, have been settled, by the two leading men of the

1677

704: Ecclesiastical Records

Dutch callages, who are called Justices, in the follo^ving manner:
Thev understood somewhat differently the words which I under-
scored in my letter, and because of which, we had argued about
the common expenses of the carpenter work. They imagined that
I would have, not only a suitable house for dwelling in, and for
use ; but that it was also to be my hereditary possession ; that, when
I should die, it would belong to my wife or children, etc. ; because
since my salary and the free fuel were at my own disposal, the
house was to be so likewise. This does not seem entirely consistent,
unless they also after my death intend to give my salary and free
fuel to my wife or children. This I do not think they meant to
do, and do not claim it, as it would be quite contrary to precedent,
and was never promised. It seems, that the statements mentioned
in my letter were so convincing to these leading men, that they
understood the case better, listened to reason, and gave reasonable
answers, and finally this decision followed. This conclusion in-
deed, is somewhat lame; so much cannot be drawn from the said
premises; because the three things, salary, house and fuel, are
common and at my disposal, and to be used at the pleasure of the
minister ; but they last no longer than the minister's life. x\t
his death he must give them all up to his successor ; and there-
fore also the house, which was loaned to him and granted to him
only for this purpose, namely, to dwell in it while attending to
his duties. As far as I know at least, this is the usual custom
all over the world, in all countries where the Eeformed service is
maintained by the ministerial office. I do not doubt therefore,
but that is the sense and meaning of the words in their letter, and
which were mentioned and underlined in mine. I shall be able to
inform you in my next, how the congregation understands this,
and what will be the outcome of the matter. Meanwhile please,
at your opportunity, communicate the foregoing to the Rev. Classis.
Relying on this, I remain with due respect, Sir,

Your obliged and willing.
From Midwout, Casparus van Zuuren,

the 9th of Oct. 1677.

OF THE State of Xew York. 705

Proposalls from the Constables of ye East and Xorth Rid-
ings to the Govr. and Crt. of Assizes.

To ye Right Honorable Edmond Andros Esq., Governor Generall of all his Royall
Hlghnesse Territories In America, The Worshlpfull his Majesties Justices of ye
Peace sitting in the Honorable Court of Assizes this 4th of October 1G77.

The humble Desire of ye Constables of ye East and North Riding on Long Island:

To your Honor and Wopps. most humbly Sheweth It Is their desire that the Main-
tenance and Encouragement for ye Ministry may by some way bee Established and
that such encouragement may bee, that there may bee a Minister in Each Respective
Towne that wants.

21y That there may also bee some way Established for the Maintenance of a
Schoolmaster in Each Towne.

31y That your Honor and Worpps. would be pleased to consider of some way to
prevent the great abuse there is of Indians being frequently made Drunke to the
great disturbance of severall Townes.

41y That if there must be entry made by all Vossells, that come from our Neigh-
bour Collony to trade with us, that there might be an OfUce in Each Place of
Trade that soe they might enter and Cleare where they soe trade and not to be
compelled to come to this city to doe the same.

51y That your Honor and Worpps. would consider the great Wrongc that many
sustain by reason of the Over Value, that Is sett upon Horses and Marcs In ye
Rates it being above Double what they are worth and all other Rates (viz.) the
Ministers Rate and the Towne Rate being made by the same Variuatlon, as the
Country's Rates are made by.

61y That there may be some order by this Honourable Court Established Con-
cerning stray Cattle that stray away from one place to another; that the person
that takes up any such shall within a certalno time bring In writtiiig to the Con-
stable of the places the marks of all such both Naturall and Arflllclall.

71y That whereas there is no Law extant concerning Pound breach, that your
Honor and Wopps. would establish one to that end.

John Mulford John Jagger

Samuel Glouer Samuel Leki-s

Past 1677. John Thompson.

— Col. Docs. N. Y. xiv. 730, 7.1L

Cl.vssis of Amsterdam.

Acts of the Dopntics and their Correspondence.

The Classis of Amsterdam to the Key. Caspar Van Zucren, Eccle-
Biastes on Long Island, in America. Xo date; about 1G77-8.
xxvii. 124.

Eeverend, Godly, Highly Learned Sir, and l?rother in Christ
Jesus : —
Your letter of September 30fh ir»77, together Avith the accom-
panying and gratifying postscript, dated October !•, 1077, caino
safely to hand. "Witli umvonted joy we Ifarncd of your safe pas-
45

1677

706 Ecclesiastical Eecords

1678

sage. It grieved us, however, to learn that soon after your arrival
a fire of division blazed up among the villages under your minis-
try, about the building of a parsonage for you ; but perceiving
from the postscript to your letter, that the same had been quenched
through the wise management of the two magistrates of the two
Dutch villages, with God's gracious blessing, our hearts were again
refreshed. We hope that what has been done will be so under-
stood by the church, that entire satisfaction may result therefrom^
and that you may pursue your duties among that people with joy
and peace. We shall, in accordance with your request, acquaint
our Classis with all the particulars at the first opportunity. Be
pleased to continue to inform us as to the condition and circum-
stances of the church entrusted to your supervision and care.
This will be very agreeable to us. Furthermore, be commended
to God and the word of his grace. With the most hearty wishes
for the richest blessing of the Most High upon yourself, your
household and your ministry, be heartily greeted by those who
are and remain.

Rev., Godly, Highly Learned Sir, and Brother in Christ,

Your obedient,
In the name of the Deputies ad res Maritimas et extraneas eccle-
siasticas,

Henricus Kiest, Eccls. Amstelod. et Con-

ventus Deputatorum ad res Ecclesiast.

p. t Praeses.
Henricus Rhynsdyck, Eccles. Amstelod.

ejusdem conventus, p. t. Scriba.

Call, as Ministers to the Moscow, Rev. Theodorus Schoonerwoerd;
and to Aesopus, in 'New ITetherland, Rev. Laurentius Gaas-
beeck.

1678, March 7th.

The Rev. Deputati ad res Maritimas have made it thoroughly
understood, that upon whatever footing it may be, a minister will

OF THE State of Xew York. 707

Lave to be called for the Moscow, at the request of the gentlemeu
of the Muscovy Trade. They had received a written application
from the Reformed church there, (for a minister) in the place of
tlie one deceased. Also there was needed a minister for the three
villages on the Aesopus, in New Xetherland. To this end the Rev.
Classis had been requested to meet. Therefore Rev. Peter Pave
was introducted into the room who offered his services for the
church of Moscow; as likewise Rev. Theodore Sehoonwoordt, can-
didate, of Leerdam, who exhibited a recent certificate, as to his
edifying walk, from the Rev. Consistory of Leerdam.

Rev. Cnaeus Cornelius Uythagen, formerly chaplain in the
States' army, was also brought in. After exhibitinf; several very
laudable testimonials, both in regard to his preaching and other
particulars, he offered his services for the churches in foreign
lands, and particularly for those in Asia, likewise also Rev. Lau-
rentius Gaasbeeck, licentiate and ^Nfedical Doctor, residing now
at Amsterdam, and who had previously reported himself here,
exhibited again his church certificate from Leyden. It was re-
solved, after Rev. Gaasbeeck had given a brief specimen (proefje)
of his gifts before the Rev. Classis, that in behalf of the greatest
benefits of the Church of Christ, favorable heed would be given
to the request of all these brethren.

Hereupon the Rev. Assembly called, in the fear of the Tvord.
from tlie nominations made up of these three persons, viz. Rev.
Theodore Schoonerwoort, Rev. Thomatius do Bruin, and Rev.
Cnaeus Cornelius Uythagen, as minister in the Moscow, Rev.
Theodorus Schoonerwoort. He having been called in, and being
informed thereof by the Rev. President, declared himself willing
to accept this call, aiid for this purpose, j)revious to submit to
final examination here.

Also from these three persons put in nomination, viz. 1{<'V, Peter
Pavo, Rev. T.nuronco Gaasbeeck, and Rev. John Arnaem, minit^-
t^r at Bettemer in East Frieslnnd, there was calh'd in the fear of
the Lord, as minister to the three villages of Aesopus, in Xew

1678

708 Ecclesiastical Eecokds

iN^etlierlarid, Rev. Laurence Gaasbeeck. He was called in, and in-
formed thereof by Rev. President. He declared himself inclined
and willing to follow up this call, and for this purpose to subject
himself previously to the final examination.

Examination and Ordination of these two.

After Rev. Schoonerwoordt had preached a sermon on John
vi:44; and Rev. Gaasbeeck had been first heard on Psalm
xxiii:4, the examination of these two individuals, now called,
was proceeded with. Having given good satisfaction therein, they
were both solemnly ordained by the Rev. Examiner, Abrahaim
Montanius, (Bergen?) with the laying on of hands. They also
signed the usual formulae of Concord.

The next Classis, which will be the first regular one this year
will be held, God willing, on the 28th of this month, at which
Laurentius Homma will preside, vii. 174-175. xix. 183-4.

CoUiSrciL Minutes Huntington and Their

Clergymen ;

At a Counclll etc.
March 18th 1677/8.

An order to the Constable and Overseers of Huntington to empower them to levy
by dlstresse the Rate to ye Minister and their Town Rate.— Col Docs. N. Y. xiv.
734.

Governor Andros' Answer to Enquiries of the Council of
Trade. Received in London, April 9, 1678, Chiefly Re-
lating TO ISTew England.

1678.

14. I doe not knowe that there is any superiorltle of one Collony over another,
but all independent though generally give place to and are most Influenced by the
Massachusetts, both in state and religion.

15. I doe not find but the generality of the Magistrates and people are well
affected to ye King and Kingdome, but most knowing noe other government than
their owne, think it best, and are wedded to and opplniate for it. And ye Magis-
trates and others In place, chosen by the people, think that they are obliged to
assert and maintaine said Government all they cann, and are Church Members,
and like soe to be, chosen, and to continue without any considerable alteracon and
change there, and depend upon the people to justlfie them in their actings.

OF THE State of Xew York. 709

16. There are severall sorts of religions In all the CollonyeB, but inconsiderable
to ye Presblterians and Independents; belnp only allowed (but not all Church Mem-
bers) except att Roade Island, where most are Quakers, but government now out
of their hands. I have not heard of any Church or Assembly according to ye
Church of England in any the Collonyes; their Ecclesiastlcail Government Is as In
their law bookes, and practice most or wholly independent. Their Coiledge at
Cambridge directed as by their law booke.

17. There is a trade between the Collonyes and New Yorke of European goods,
some wine and rumm, fish and provision.

' (Signed) E. ^ndross.

— Col. Docs. N. r. 111. 284.

Answer of Goverxor to Enquiries About New York.

1678

18. Ministers have been so scarce and Religions many that noe account cann be
given of chlidrens births or christenings.

19. Scarcity of Ministers, and law admitting marriages by Justices, no account
cann be given of the number marryed.

1G7S, April 16.

26. There are Religions of all sorts, one Church of England, severall Presbl-
terians and Independants, Quakers and Anabaptists, of severall sects, some Jews,
but Presblterians and Independants most numerous and substantlall.

27. The Duke maintains a chaplain which is all the certalne allowance or Chlrch
of England, but peoples free gifts to ye ministry, And ail places oblKlged to build
churches and provide for a minister. In which most very wanting, but Presblterians
and Independants desirous to have and malntaino them if to be had. There are
about twenty churches or meeting places of which aboue halfe vacant their allow-
ance like to be from 40 11 to 70 II a yeare and a house and garden. Noe beggars
but all poore cared ffor, If good Ministers could be had to goe thelther might doe
well and galne much upon those people.

Endorsed

"Answers of Inqulrios of New Yorke.
Received from Sr. Edm. Andros on the 16th
of April 1678".— Col. Docs. N. Y. 111. I'Ol 2.

Acts of the Ci^assis of Amsterdam.

Van Zueren's Letters.

1G78, May 2nd.

Rev. Depntati ad causas iMaritiinas read to the Assembly ex-
tracts from two letters, written at ^lidwoudt, in New Netherland,
by Rev. Casparus van Zueren, and dated Sept. .30th, and Oct. 9th,
1677. They related to his arrival in New Netherland, his resi-
dence, for the present, at Midwoudt, and the number of his church
members at Breuckelon, "Nfidwoudt, Amersfoort, and New Utrecht,
These letters have been already answered, vii. 178. xix..l84.

710 Ecclesiastical Records

Matthias I^icols to the Rev. Mr. Prudden of Jamaica.

Reverend Sir — I must crave your excuse that I have not ere now returned you
an answer of what you desired at Jamaica, touching liberty of setting a day a part
for your Congregacon to assemble together to worship God more particularly at
this season. I have communicated the same to the Councell, who are well content
therewith, and that you make use of the publick meeting house in your Towne any
day this week or next following where none are to presume to give you disturb-
ance in your divine exercise. You laying no Injunctcon on any but leaving them to
their freedome who are willing to partake with you therein. In which I pray God
to give you comfort and the good successe you ayme at or may desire, for the good
of the Church or State. So I take leave and remaine,
Your very humble servant,

M. N.
New York, — Doc. Hist. N. Y. ill. 121.

June 24, 1678.

Friends, in West Jersey, Resolve to Hold Monthly

Meetings.

1678, July 15.

Since by the good Providence of God, many Friends, with their families, have
transported themselves into this Province of West New Jersey, the said friends in
those upper parts, have found it needful, according to our practice in the place
we came from, to settle " Monthly Meetings " for the well ordering the affairs of
ye Church, it was agreed that accordingly it should be done, and according it was
done the 15th of ye 5th month, 1678.

Note. Two companies of Quakers had arrived at New Castle In 1677, and settled
at Burlington, N. J.

Synod of North Holland, at Enckhuy^zen.

1678, Aug. 1 et seq.
Art. 9. Rev. Rudolplius Varick.

Rev. Rudolplius Varick, formerly minister in the East Indies,
at Malacca, was present, and requested to be admitted as " Recom-
mandatus " of the Synod. For this purpose he exhibited proper
certificates both ecclesiastical and civil. Thereupon his request
was granted.

Art. 10. Ministers sent out by the Classls of Amsterdam.
To Esopus, in New Netherland: Rev. Laurence Gaasbeeck.

OF THE State of Xew York. 711

Account of a Church of England Service in New York,

Oct. 15, 1679.

15th Sunday. We went at noon to-day to hear the English minister, whose
services took place after the Dutch Church was out. There were not above twenty
five or thirty people In the Church. The first thing that occurred was the reading
of all their prayers and ceremonies out of the prayer-book, as Is done In all
Episcopal Churches. A young man then went Into the pulpit and commenced
preaching, who thought he was performing wonders; but he had a little book In his
hand out of which he read his sermon, which was about a quarter of an hour or
half an hour long. With this the services were concluded, at which we could not be
sufficiently astonished. This was all that happened with us to-day. — Danker's and
Sluyter's Journal, 1G79-80. Page 148.

Classis of Amsterdam.

Correspondence from America.

Eev. Caspar Van Ziiercu to Classis of Amsterdam, October 30,
1678. xxi. 209. (Extract in Mints. Syd. North Holland,
1680, Art. 9.)

Keverend, Pious, Very Learned, Very Prudent Gentlemen and
Brethren in Christ : —

Gentlemen : —

The letter sent mc, by the Rev. Deputies for the Foreign and
Transatlantic Affairs of the church, was handed to me by Domine
Gaasbeck, the minister sent over fur the congregation at the
Esopus. I learn therefrom your Reverences friendship for us
personally as well as for our church. I thank you from my heart,
and request you to continue your interest in us, even as we also will
persevere in informing you of the condition of our church as
opportunity offers. The following lines will serve this purpose
for the present:

The last information, to the best of my recollection, which I
sent you on church matters, was about tiic promised parsonage
and its cost. This matter caused a dilHculty among the several
villages, especially between Xew Amersfoort and Xew Uytrecht;
and for no other reason than jealousy of "Midwout, which village
I had selected as my place of residence. Tins was a central loca-

1679

1678

712 Ecclesiastical Records

tion, and consequently the most convenient for attending to the
services of all the others. We tried many ways to restore har-
mony, but in vain. The proposition of the two principal judges
was reversed on the next day by Amersfoort and Uytrecht. Fi-
nally, these places could not be brought further in regard to the
costs of the dvs^elling promised me, than the amount which they
had consented to give for my salary, namely, the Amersfort people
eight hundred florins ; the Uytrecht people six hundred florins,
all in wampum. The people of Midwout had to be satisfied
therewith. Even if said village should sometime call a min-
ister for themselves alone, Midwout was then to be obliged to
have the house allotted to me, appraised, and to pay back to these
villages so much, as it should be adjudged that their eight hundred
florins amounted to, and were worth, then. This was to be used
for fitting up the house, which they would then provide for their
minister. Meanwhile all this was done without communicating
with Breukelen, and this raised a new question when the costs for
the house were collected and had to be paid. The Midwout people
claim from Breukelen one fourth as their proportion of the salary ;
but the Breukelen people will not give more than eight hundred
florins in wampum, like the people of Amersfort. It is calculated
that the house will cost about five thousand florins in wampum.
To this the other villages have contributed only about twenty two
hundred florins and Midwout is to pay the balance. If the matter
falls out otherwise, and much to their disadvantage, I should have
spoken in time about it to his Excellencj" the Governor. I have no
doubt that then it would have turned out to the greater satisfaction
of the Midwout people. But Midwout was too careless, although
they knew their opponents. So far as I am concerned, I would
willingly have taken the trouble to complain myself; but I thought
to do this against my o"\vn congregation in the beginning of my
service was ridiculous, and could only have been followed by more
bad feeling and alienation. I remembered also, with how much
trouble the liberties of our Dutch church here were defended by

OF THE State of Xew York. 71o

Domine Niemvenhuysen. I therefore judged it not advisable to
trouble the Governor with it, and have hitherto delayed doing so.
But besides this something else has rather unexpectedly hap-
pened to me. It may easily be guessed from this, how the minds
of the people here are divided ; how little zeal and love there is
for God and his service. The following will prove this still more
fully. I believe I have mentioned in my former letter the small-
ness of my salary; that the promised three thousand florins in
wampum would in Holland currency and value not be worth more
than six hundred florins, and not seven hundred and fifty, as I
was given to understand, as well as the Rev. Class is. This was
done by Domine Xiouwonhuysen, who therein did not act in good
faith. He misled me and the congregation as well as the Rev,
Classis. Ho makes only this excuse, that he received his salary
in such values, while he acknowledges, that neither was he treated
with good faith. He had been promised one thousand florins Hol-
land currency, in specie. But he learned on his arrival, that no
silver money was in circulation. It was then agreed, that ho
should have at the rate of four guilders for one, and thus a com-
pensation such as is usual here, in wampum or boavors. It was
then really four for one, in wampum ; but wam]>um has since lost
in value, and is now only five for one; and this was so in the year,
when Domine Nieuwenhuysen wrote to the Rov. Classis, to ask
for a minister for my congregation; and wliMt r(\TPoning for a
minister! Somebody else has ohoatod mo; thrrct'dro T, too, nu\y
cheat another man. T am obliged to rocoivo my salary that way;
ergo, the minister, who is to come, must rocoivo it in tho same
wav. Such reasoning is more appro]»riate in the mouth of a
worldlv man, than of an honest Christian and toachor in tho holy
church, in reference to another mrnistor, oto. My sahu'v thorofore
can hardiv bo oquivalcnt to, and oortainly nut worlli more than
than six hundred florins. I also belicvo and assure your Rever-
ences, that in Holland more food and clothing, with all tho noces-
saries of housokooping can be bought for four liundred and fifty

1678

71-i Ecclesiastical Records

florins. It is not surprising therefore, that last year, I had to
spend three hundred florins, Holland currency, or wampum, of
my own private means.

I told the congregation three times last year, that the three thou-
sand florins were not the equivalent of the sum promised by them ;
that they did not yield seven hundred and fifty florins ; much
less so much money, in Holland currency, as they had agreed to
pay me; that the salary was not sufiicient to feed me. But all
was in vain. Mockery and disregard were my answers. The
third time, when I had called together the Consistories of all four
villages, to consider the business of the church, the Amersfort and
Uytrecht people stayed away. The first would not come, because
the Justice, living in the village and being one of the elders, is
an enemy to his own people and church. He is the same man,
who has caused me most all my troubles, by his power in politics.
The others could not come, because an elder of the village was
busy building, and needed the help of the others. That, in their
judgment, was reason enough to remain away. However, necessity
compelled me to bring up the matter a fourth time in a Consis-
torial meeting. Then I demanded for my support five hundred
schepels (bushels) of wheat and fifteen hundred florins in wam-
pum, equivalent here to nine hundred florins, Holland currency;
but which really is not worth more than can be bought in Holland
for six hundred florins. So much at least, a minister needs for
keeping himself and his family. This he has also fairly earned
by services in four scattered villages, and away from his Father-
land, where the salaries usually amounted to as much, if not more
than at home, on account of the dearness of all goods, and of com-
pensation for the dangers of the voyage. Thereupon all the mem-
bers of the congregations of all the villages, were called together.
The result and resolution was, that they would give me five hun-
dred schepels of wheat and seven hundred and fifty florins in wam-
pum. If wheat was worth six florins in wampum per schepel, it
would have made three thousand seven hundred and fifty florins

OF THE State of Xew York. 71."

1678

in wampum, being at the rate of five to one. But at present wheat
is very low in price, because in other Provinces, whence it is sent
here, it is very cheap. The traders might take it at six florins in
wampum ; but then they pay us in goods, which do not cost them
in Holland, England, etc. more than twelve stivers Holland cur-
rency, (twenty four cents). When paid in wampum, it would
not be possible to obtain five florins per schepel.

They admitted to me, as did also the Deputies from the villages,
that five to one was due to me in wampum pay. They wanted also
as a matter of course, to give me one hundred florins, Holland
currency, to boot, and call it full pay. Finally. I requested that
for the wheat, a draft of five hundred florins should be bought for
me from one of our merchants in Xew York, payable in Holland.
This was done. This would cost this year, now that wheat is
low in price, one florin per schepel ; five hundred florins in Hol-
land, for five hundred schepels. The balance, two hundred and
fifty florins, for it was altogether seven hundred and fifty, they
could pay me in wampum, at the rate of five for one, or twelve
hundred and fifty florins. Let the wheat be dear or cheap, the
draft called for silver. They might gain or lose, but I did not
want to do either. If wheat is worth twenty four stivers (forty
eight cents) in a draft, as it has been for some years, and was
offered to me last year, they gain, as thoy acknowledge, one hun-
dred florins in wampum, as niiiy lie figured out from the above.
If a little, even fifty or one hundred schepels, had to be lost, it
can better be done by a congregation of more than three hundred
and thirty members, than by a minister, who has to live on his
salary. This he must do according to the precepts of our Savior.
The minister does enough when ho prepares for his final exami-
nation, (which was then (piitc costly) ; when he risks his own and
his family's lives at sea; and also risks the adventures of the sea
everv vear in the largest proportion of his salary. If I must ro-
ceive and spend my salary here, or else lose one hundred florins
of it, Holland currency, tlnii 1 cMnnnt. possibly support myself

716 Ecclesiastical Recoeds

here, on account of the exceeding dearness of all goods brought
from other countries ; and even of some made and consumed here.
I have repeatedly represented to them, that if they would give
me only as much for the necessaries of the household, as can be
bought for six hundred florins in Holland, then I would be quite
satisfied to serve four villages, and that in the country; although
he who serves only one village in Holland, has at least six hundred
and fifty florins, and I would give up one hundred and fifty
florins. I cannot give away everything and make myself destitute.
I must also, and the duty is especially incumbent on a minister,
provide for my family ; for he who does not do this is worse than
an unbeliever ; yea, has denied the faith, etc.

All this confusion has been caused by the letter of Domino
Nieuwenhuysen with his rate of four for one. If they had spoken
only of a few hundred schepels of wheat, without explaining the
value of it, as was done by the congregation of Esopus, then prob-
ably we would have escaped all these difficulties. Time will tell
however, whether Domine Gaasbeck at Esopus, whose salary in a
draft on Holland will bring about five hundred and forty florins,
because their wheat is not so good as ours on Long Island; or if
he uses it here, only three hundred and fifty florins ; — whether
his Eeverence can live on it with his wife and two children. As
to Domine Nieuwenhuysen, he has four thousand florins in wam-
pum value ; paid partly in wampum, and partly in beavers. The
latter gives a large profit, for everything can be obtained for
beavers; sometimes even the goods brought by private parties, at
very cheap rates. Beavers are valued highly everywhere, but wam-
pum has no value anywhere else than in 'New ISTetherland, (or
America.) I have to give twenty seven florins in wampum for
a beaver. Then the expenses, custom duties, and license, run up
to half of a Rixdaaler in Holland money (a Rijksdaler = $1.) ;
or altogether, to six florins fifteen stivers, — five stivers more, than
they are worth in Holland; besides the risks of the sea. Then
also, we have not often the opportunity, for it has usually passed

OF THE State of Xew York. 717

before we know of it, of making a good bargain ; or we have no
beaver.

Domine Xieuwenhuvsen has, besides, obtained another increase
and draws salary from the congregation of Bergen, etc., for ad-
ministering the communion there four times a 3'ear. Therefore
he can support himself much better than others, although not
quite so well as a minister in a Dutch village, even though hia
place is at the capital city of the whole country. I am, there-
fore, the more astonished, that he so unreasonably opposes me in
my just claims. He excites against me the members of my con-
gregation, and blackens my character among the merchants, be-
cause I often censure their improper gains and godless traffic,
which tend not to accommodate and serve us, but almost to the ruin
of the inhabitants here, as he himself says. An advantage to him
would imdoubtedly arise from my property. A good conscience,
resulting from irreproachable habits, gives to its o^^'ner the courage
to speak, when another v.ould be silent and would howl with the
wolves among whom he is in the woods. A man in whose heart
the fear of God has not taken root, will rather aggravate an error
committed by him, by a second one, as if thereby to defend the
first, than clear himself of the first error and conceal the second,
in order not to destroy his conscience completely.

We sit here, meanwhile, in great distress, not knowing what the
congregation will give. The last proposition, about the five hun-
dred florins in a draft, and twelve hundred and fifty florins in
wampum, amounting to the promised sum of seven hundred and
fifty florins, although not in Holland value, was flatly rejected
with great disdain; and not without slandering not only myself,
but all ministecs in the Fatherland, who leave a smaller congrega-
tion to serve a larger one, as having in tlicir opinion no other ob-
ject in view, than the increase of money and therefore are nothing
else, than hirelings. A soul fearing God, would abhor such lan-
guage. Especially was such language used by the Justice of
Amersfort, who from the first, when I selected ^fidwout for my

1678

718 Ecclesiastical Records

place of residence, has been my sworn opponent. He howls with
the English and oppresses his own, the Dutch people, with un-
reasonable and unnatural zeal. The above mentioned meeting
separated in so much confusion, that I was completely deprived
of means to improve my position. Reasoning being useless, they
employed force, as there was a sufficient number of my adver-
saries among their own judges. I had to be satisfied with the offer
of five hundred schepels of wheat and seven hundred and fifty
florins in wampum, or call myself paid with three thousand florins
of wampum. Even if I sent for them six times, they would never
come again.

]^ot to excite their minds any further, I committed my case
to the Justice of ]S[ew TJytrecht. He although not of our religion,
is a man of good understanding, especially in philosophy and
in the mathematics of Des Cartes. I shall be able to tell in my
next letter the result thereof.

The house is not yet finished, I am living at a neighbors until
it is ready, which will be in a few weeks. The Breukelen people
provide me with fuel. Last year the Midwout people did it ; but
they did it in such a manner that I had to buy wood and pay
for it myself. So far, therefore, neither the one thing or the
other has been given to me ; not sufficient salary ; no house ; no free
fuel. The reasons for these dissensions, for which, according to
my adversaries, I am to blame, are really these: I am not on
sufficiently familiar terms with them, and do not visit the villages
and the villagers often enough. I preach, in turn, at all the vil-
lages. I make house visitations four times a year, and administer
the communion eight times. These duties have been most onerous,
especially at first ; the location of the village is such, that I cannot
do much visiting, unless I give up my studies completely, as
Domine Selyns well knows, etc.

If the difficulties continue I shall speak to his Excellency, our
Governor, about them. But then some evil results are hardly

OF THE State of Xew York. 719

1678

doubtful. They will be either disadvantageous to myself, or bad
for the liberty of our church. This perhaps, may be somewhat
restricted. Even my own Consistory, especially the previously
jnentioned Justice of Amersfort, will not allow me exactly to regu-
late myself according to the church rules of Holland. This is
not the least of my sorrow as may well be imagined. Domine
Nieuwenhuysen once worried through such a case with the Gover-
nor. Haughtiness when associated with ignorance, makes a man at
once intolerable, especially, if he be a person of low extraction,
and who can give no reasons, or cannot understand the reasons
given to him.

How I shall endure all this trouble, while I have at the same
time to attend to my duties, I can hardly imagine. Patience is
the best thing. But in the meantime to be obliged to impoverish
myself in the service of such an uncharitable, ungrateful and
stubborn congregation, while I have to hear so much spite, disdain
and reproach — this cannot create in me any other resolution than
one to return home as soon as possible. I should have done so al-
ready, if the chances and the season had not passed away for
this year. Finally I request, that your Reverences will please
to consider this, my distressed condition, and put in operation
such counter measures as you shall judge useful for our relief
and comfort. This I shall iimst imxiously await, especially, if
my return to the Fatherland is, perhaps, prevented by tlie Gover-
nor, through these envious people. Herewith closing, with cordial

salutations and wishes for the blessings of the Almighty upon

vour Rev. Assembly, persons, services, ami families, I remain,
Gentlemen ami llretliren.
Your Very Obliged, Humble Servant and r.n»tlier,

Casparns van Zunren.

.Midwout, on

Long Island, in

.Vew Netherland,

the 30th of Oct. 1678.

720 Ecclesiastical Records

Rev. Charles Wolt^-

! 167S-1680.

Gov. Andros had arrived In this country, accompanied by his wife on November
1st 1674, and entered on the government on the 10th of that month. He returned
to England in November 1677, and was li'nighted by Charles II. in 1678. On May 27,
1678, he sailed again for New York in the ship Blossom, Richard Martain, of New
England, Master. He was accompanied by his chaplain. Rev. Charles Wolley, and
others. Wolley had received his Masters degree at Cambridge in 1677. He re-
turned to England in 1680. He published a book — "A Two Years Journal in New
York " by Rev. C. W.; A. M.; London 1701. " (See Col. Docs. N. Y. iii. 741.) Re-
published, New York, 1860. Therein he describes New York as " a place of atf
Bweet and agreeable air as I ever breathed in, and the inhabitants both English
and Dutch very civil and courteous ".

Of the clergy, Wolley says:

" In the same City of New York where I was Minister to the English, there were
two other Ministers or Domines, as they were there called, the one a Lutheran a
German or High Dutch, the other a Calvinist a Hollander or Low Dutchman, who
behaved themselves one towards the other so shily and uncharitably as if Luther
and Calvin had bequeathed and entailed their virulent and blgotted spirits upon
them and their heirs forever ".

Yet Wolley does not appear to have been without interest in missions among the
Indians. In an account of them he says:

" May the lover of souls bring these scattered desert people home to his own
flock ".

Dix adds: " It is stated that he Joined with Andros in helping the Dutch furnish
(repair?) their new place of worship in the Fort, while it is certain that he was
indebted to them for his own accommodations, and lived with them on the best of
terms ".— Dix's Hist. Trinity Ch. i. 53, 54.

Minister's House at Albany.

I Albany Feb. 6, 1678-9.

Dom. Gld. Schaets appears in Court with Jan Vinnagen Elder and the Two
Deacons, Mr. Jan Janse Bleeker and Mr. Hend. Cuyler representing the W. Con-
sistory who freely without any persuasion promise to convey and give a proper
Deed of the house occupied at present by Dom. Gid. Schaets to be for the future a
residence for the Minister of Albany for the benefit of the Congregation of the
Reformed Church here; as the house was built out of the Poor's money and now
being decayed, the W. Court promises to repair said house and keep it in good order
fit for a Minister, for which purpose it shall be conveyed.

i Ordinary Court held at Albany July 6, 1680.

The W. Consistory of this City being sent for to Court, and being requested by
their Worships to contribute something to the repair and building of Domine
Schaets house, being for the good of the Commonalty;

The W. Consistory consent to Contribute the sum of one thousand guilders
Zewant, for the reparation of the said house. — Doc. Hist. N. Y. iii. 530.

OF THE State ok Xew Yokk. 7lM

1679

Classis of Amsterdam.

Correspondence from America.

Rev. Caspar van Zuuren to Domine Cornelius Danckerts.

May 4th, 1679.
Reverend Brother and Colleague : —

I shall at present not trouble you to read many requests. Our
previous letters, which we hope have reached you safely, contained
all information concerning our present condition. This neither
improves nor deteriorates. I am again compelled to witness how
Breukelen and Midwout dispute over the cost of my house. It i8
hardly so far finished that I can yet live in it; and now, during
these disputes, it remains in an unfinished condition. I have very
little hope of ever seeing it completed and myself in it. I have
done everything possible to reconcile these parties, because I am
myself so interested, but all in vain. My differences with Domine
Nieuwenhuysen have been amicably settled, which I request may be
taken note of. Tie himself has offered to come over with two of
his elders and settle this question on the fairest and most suitable
terms, but the Breukelen people would not accept mediation. Such
a refusal cannot be the best proof of a good cause. It seems that
it is their intention to carry the case before the English courts.
This cannot be very favorable to the liberty of the Dutch Church.
The other villages, especially Amersfort and Utrecht, have dis-
covered the bad policy of this. None of them want rates imposed
upon them to pay the salary of a poor preachrr. and against what-
ever arguments, proofs and protests they may nuike. As with the
house, so it is with tlic salary. His Honor, the Governor, upon
a request to act as arbitrator in our differences, decided very
wrongfully and outside of the point at issue, ne the above men-
tioned letters have stated, that I should have three thousand three
hundred and seventy five guilders in wampum; tliat is three h\m-
dred and seventv five less than is due to me, or seventy five giiild-
46

722 Ecclesiastical Records

ers Holland currency, counting five to one. His decision was
taken as a legal order, which cannot be changed.

And although it was very detrimental to me, and very annoying,
yet I was obliged to listen to it. Everybody here lays the blame
for it on me. The good people who judge rightly on the matter,
do not dare to come forward in my defence. I am, therefore,
compelled to address myself to you and to the Rev. Classis, with
the humble request, to decide about our present condition, without
prejudice, according to the statements of our former letters, and
to do whatever may be considered proper to help matters. We
desire either to receive here what has been promised us, or to
obtain permission to return to the Fatherland, and undertake there
joyfully, the service of Christ in his church among good friends.
God well knows, indeed, how badly we feel here. He sees and
hears all our injuries and insults. He also appreciates how earn-
estly I long for the Eatherland. To that God we pray from the
bottom of our heart, day and night, to lead your Reverences to
look favorably upon us, and graciously to bless the means for our
relief. May he take you and yours under his holy protection.
Amen.
Sir, your most obedient and affectionate servant and fried,

Casparus van Zuuren,
Midwout, Eccl. on Long Island.

1679.

To the Reverend, Pious, Learned Domine Cornelius Danckerts,

Faithful Minister of the Gospel in the Congregation of

Christ at Amsterdam.

May 4th in New Belgium,

By William Sunderland

and the ship the " James "

from that country.

OF THE State of Xew York. 723

Richard Gildersleeve, Constable, to Gov. Andros Relative
to a Quaker Meeting at Hempstead.

Right Honorable: — Whereas your Honor was pleased to lay some command upon
mee for the prevention of Quakers meettlngs within our Towne of Hempstead which
accordingly I have done to the best of my power by forewarning Captain John
Seman being sick and not able to go myself I sent two overseers to forewarn him
that he should not entertain any such meeting att his house, yett nott wltthstandlng
his answer was that he tooke no nottls of the warning and proceeded to have and
had a very great meeting the lastt Lordsday being the 28 day of this Instant,
hopplnj these few lines may flnde your honors favourable acceptance and render
mee excusable and thatt your Honor will be Pleased to take It In to your serious
consideration for the ffuter pruentlon of tthe like nott trt)iibllelng your Honor any
further I rest your Honors Humble Seruantt,

Rlchar Glldersleeve.
Hempstead, May 26, 1679.

memorandum I toulld him Itt was by your Honors

to mee.
Endorsed,

" To the Right Honorable Sir Edmun Andrews Governor and Gener.iil of bis
Hines Terytorys att ffortt James In New York These ". — Doc. Hist. N. Y. 111.
«06.

Acts of the Ct.assis of Amsterdam.
Letters from Rev. Van Zueren.

1679, July 24th.

Rev. Cornelius Danckerts handed in a letter from Rev. van
Zueren, of New Netherland. It was resolved to refer the same
to the Deputies ad res ^faritimas, to make extracts therefrom and
communicate the same to the Rev. Classis. ^'ii. 210.

Synod or iN'ouTit TTolland, at "Rd.vm.

1679, Auc:. 4 ot scq.
Art. 01. "Miiiistt-rial Changes:
In the Classis of Iloorn.
Died, Rev. William Grasmcer, at Ursom.
Died, Rev. Gerardus Beckinaii, at Grooshuysen and Avrnhorn.

In the Classis of Enkhuypon.
Died, Rev. Martiiuis Lydius, at Grootebroek.
Died, Rev. Theodore Brouwor, at Enkhnysen.

1679

72-i Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

Entered: Eev. Kudolphiis a Varick, from tlie East Indies;
settles at Hem.

Art. 32. Labadists.
Ad Art. 30. Concerning tlie Labadists, the Rev. Correspondent
of Friesland reports that tliey are watched against in their vicinity ;
even as also the Classes profess to be on their guard against them
respectively.

Coelman.
On this occasion, it was stated that Jacob Coelman not only
had his private gatherings in several places, but recently had also
publicly preached, morning and afternoon, in the vacant church
of Middellye. The Eev. Synod, regarding this as a case of bad
precedent, earnestly admonishes the several Classes, that hence-
forth, each one in its special sphere, see to it that such circum-
stances do not happen again. And since it is learned from the
reports of several brethren, that said Coelman has set his mind on
making the services of the ministers fruitless, and on instilling into
the minds of members, an uncharitable judgment against them,
and does not subject himself to the Church-Order of this land:
therefore it admonishes all the Classes, but particularly those
where he sows his evil seed, to be watchful against him and his
conventicles.

Oeder of Axdros to Examine and Ordain Tesschenmacher.

1679, Sept. 30.
(Original English Copy.)

Sir Edmond Andros, Knight, etc.

Upon Application from 'New Castle in Delaware, That being
destitute Mr. Peter Teschenmaker may be admitted to be their
minister; By vertue of his Majesty's Letters patent and authority
derived unto me, I do hereby desire and authorize you, to Examine
the said Mr. Teschenmaeker and if you shall find him fittly

OF THE State of Xew York. 725

1679

qualified, that then you ordain him into the ministry of the Pro-
testant Eeformed Church to preach God's word and administer
his Holy Sacraments and give him testimonials thereof, as is
usual. Given under my hand and seal of the Province in New
Yorke the thirtieth day of September in the 31st year of his
Majesty's Raigne Annoq Doming 1G79. (31st year of Charles II,
reckoning from 1649, when Charles I, was beheaded; omitting the
period of Cromwell.)

Edmond Andros.

To Mr. Guilielmus Xewenhnysen
minister or pastor of this city or
any three or more of the ministers
or pastors within this government.
Prepared and examined by me,

Matthias Xicolls, Sec.

From General Entries Vol. 32 p. Gl, in the Manuscript Depart-
ment of the State Library at Albany, X. Y. Also in Bi-Centen-
nial of the church of Schenectady, 64.

The above English copy was translated into Dutch ; and the
following is a re-translation from the Dutch into the English.

I, Edmond Andross, Knight, Patroon of Sausmars, Lieutenant
and Governor General under his Royal Highness, James, Duke
of York and Albany, and of all his Provinces iu America, upon
the request of the people of New Castle do order that Mr. Peter
Tcsschenmackcr be permitted to be their minister. By virtue of
his Majesty's letters patent, and authority entrusted to me, I de-
sire and authorize you to exaiuiiie the said 'Mr. Tessclienmaeker,
and if you find him capable, to ordain him to the service of the
Protestant Reformed Church, to preach GodV Word, and to ad-
minister the Lord's Supper; and to give him the usiuil diploma.

726 Ecclesiastical Kecoeds

Given under my liand and seal, of the province of New York,
the 30th of September, in the thirty first year of his Majesty's
reign; and in the year of our Lord, 1679.

E. Andross.

The above order was directed to Mr. William Van Nieuwenhuy-
sen, servant of the Holy Word of God in this city, or three or
more other ministers under this government. Attested by Mat-
thias Nicholls, Clerk.

Copy of the Proceedings in our meeting at 'Rew York, on the 9th
of October 1679, in the case of Domine Petrus Tesschen-
maacker.

To-day the 9th of October 1679, a call for a preacher from the
congregation of the South River was handed in. This call is di-
rected to Domine Petrus Tesschenmaacker, Candidatus S. Minis-
terii.

But whereas such a case is without precedent in this govern-
ment, the Dutch ministers here, at the request of his Excellency,
Governor Edmond Andros, and upon production of the testimo-
nials of the preparatory examination of said Domine Petrus
Tesschenmaacker, written by the Dutch and English Consistories
at the Hague, have been satisfied, in view of said congregation's
distress, to confirm this candidate as minister to that place, and
to ordain him.

And as it is very necessary, that an Overseer be approved, there-
fore the Rev. Assembly, comprising the Dutch ministers in this
government, together with other church officers, have approved of
the testimonials of the preparatory examination without any par-
ticular objection; it further resolved, to proceed with the ordina-
tion.

Domine Tesschenmaacker was then called in and made ac-
quainted with this approval of the Rev. Assembly. He was fur-
ther asked, whether he was willing to accept this call, and to serve

OF THE State of Xew York. 727

1670

according to the Church Kules of the Rev. Synod of Dort and

other existing chnrch regulations, conforming to these orders. His

answer was Yes, he was willing, and bound himself to live up to

them.

This done, Domine Tesschenmaacker was first heard in his ex-
planation of the text, Matt. 5 :20, " Except your righteousness
shall exceed the righteousness of the scribes," etc. The treatment
of this text fully satisfied the Rev. Assembly.

The Rev. iVssembly then proceeded to the examination; Domine
Wilhelmus van Nieuwenhuysen, minister of the Holy Gospel in
the principal city of the government of Xew York was appointed
Examiner.

The examination having been finished, the Rev. Assembly were
also satisfied by the answers of Rev. Tesschenmaacker, so that
finally it was followed up by his ordination, pursuant to our
Church Rules and Forms, in the name of the Lord.

Casparus van Zuuren,

Eccl. on Long Island,

Secretary of the meeting.

(See another translation in the Bi-Centennial of the Church
of Schenectady, G5.)

Correspondence from America. Rev. Laurentius van Gaasbeeck
to the Chissis of Amsterdam; (extracts in "Minutes of Synod
Xorth Holland, 1G81, Art. 1.)

1679, Oct. 2:.th.

Reverend, Pious, Very Learned, Godly, Discreet GentlemtMi and
Fellow Laborers in Christ Jesus : —
I doubt very- much, whether the Rev. Classis has received my
letter of the yVth October 1678. I sent it enclosed in a
letter to a certain friend of mine in New Amsterdam, and I liiive
as yet, received no reply from him nor from your Reverences. I
therefore consider it my duty, to inform you again of the state

728 Ecclesiastical Eecords

of our churches here, in order to keep up a mutual correspond-
ence.

I left Amsterdam on the 13th of May 1678 and arrived at ^STew
York safely with my family on the 21st of August of the same
year. I did not fail to thank the Lord most heartily for his un-
deserved grace in protecting us from the dangers of the sea and
the pirates, and for carrying us safely to our destination. After
some delay in (New York) I moved to the Esopus, having pre-
sented my credentials to the Xoble Governor of this colony. I
reached Esopus on the 8th of September. I preached my first
sermon there, and entered upon my duties in the fear of the Lord,
on the 15th of September.

As to my place, it is usually called " The Esopus ". It is situated
twenty (Dutch) miles from ISTew York, which is on the Man-
hattans, and on the ^orth River. It contains much fine, fertile
land, and produces such abundant crops that .the Esopus is the
granary of ^STew ^STetherland and of all the surrounding country.

The Esopus itself consists of three villages, Kingston, Horley,
and Marbleton, distant from each other about half an hour's walk,
besides some neighboring hamlets. Kingston is the principal
place, where I have my house. It is distant not more than half
an hour from the Great River.

Upon my arrival here, I found all the inhabitants well inclined
towards me and this feeling has, God be praised, increased ever
since. I foimd here a certain Domine Petrus Teschenraaker, a
Bachelor in Divinity, who had arrived here from Guyana in the
spring. He had been engaged by the Consistory here as candidate
or vicar (substitute) tmtil I should arrive from Holland. After
my arrival they dispensed with his services. The accompanying
letter will inform the Rev. Classis what has occurred about this
Domine Petrus Teschenmaker. I found here at Kingston about
eighty members; at Horley thirty; and at Marbleton twenty. It
has pleased Almighty God to bless my poor services so well, that
I have now more than one hundred and eighty members in the

OF THE State of Xew Yokk. 729

1679

three villages. I divide my preaching services as follows: I

preach two Sundays at Kingston, the third at Hurley, the fourth

and fifth again at Kingston, the sixth at Marhleton, and so on.

At first I had much trouble to get everything in good order,
and in conformity to the government of the Xetherland churches.
There v/as but little order in ecclesiastical matters and govern-
ment, because it was ten years, since Domine Hermanns Blom,
at present preacher at Woubrugghe, had left, and no preacher had
been here since. But I have improved the condition of affairs, as
well as I could, and what remains to be done, I hope to accomplish
in the future. At present I hold catechetical classes not only on.
Sundays, after the discourse on our Christian Catechism, but also
twice in the week, on Tuesday and Friday evenings, in my own
house. I consider this to be very necessary on account of the very
small amount of knowledge which I discovered in many; and God
Almighty has been pleased to bless this work, so that my congre-
gation has made progress in virtuous living, knowledge and godli-
ness. The Kingston congregation has already shown their zeal by
building a handsome new church, sixty feet long and forty five
feet wide. In this I hope to preach in two weeks.

This is all that I think necessai-A' at present to communicate
to your Reverences. I doubt not but that the Kev. Classis will
remember us and our congi-egations in their prayers to the Al-
mighty, and beseech him increasingly to bless our services and en-
large our congi-cgations not only in numbers, but also in faith
and every Christian virtue.

Praying the Lord to bless the meetings and counsels of your
Classis, as well as the services, the persons and the families of
your Reverences, I remain with cordial salutations, gentlemen,
Your Willing Brother and Fellow
Laborer in Christ,

Lawrentius van Gaasbeeck,
Eccl. Esopicnais.

730 Ecclesiastical Records

Correspondence from America. The Four Dutch Ministers,
Schaats, Van l!^ieuwenhuysen, Van Zuuren and Van Gaas-
beeck to the Classis of Amsterdam, Nov. 1679. Explaining
their action in Ordaining Tesschenmacker. (This is the first
Ordination in New York.)

Reverend, Pious, Very Learned, Very Prudent Gentlemen, Fath-
ers and Brethren in Christ.

Sirs: —

In our common Christian faith, the saints profess to have
fellowship with their Savior, and through him to possess a com-
mon heritage of blessings. Therefore believers must help one
another in every possible way. They should console, admonish,
edify and strengthen one another, as they become aware of the
favorable or unfavorable circumstances of a neighbor or brother.
They should weep mth those who weep, and rejoice with those
who rejoice; for nothing can occur to any believers without the
sympathetic knowledge of others in Christ; for He is the Head
and to Him all the members of the body belong. Eor this reason,
we, who are obliged to labor in this transatlantic country, seek-
ing to cultivate the vineyard of the Lord so far away from the
great body of the Church, feel compelled to strive to keep up our
fellowship with the churches in the Eatherland, and especially
with those of our own Classis.

Therefore, according to your order and request, that we should
write you about all our circumstances, that the welfare of the
members of Christ may be better cared for, and his whole body
edified, his honor promoted and his Kingdom extended; and that
in accordance with the Apostle's injunction, " Let all things be
done decently and in order ", as well as amicably, so as to prevent
confusion and misunderstanding, (we report:)

That some time ago, namely in the spring of 1G78, there ar-
rived here one Peter Tesschenmacker, a bachelor of divinity. He
had passed his preparatory examination at Rhenen, in the parish

OF THE State ok New Yokk. 731

of Utrecht. He subsequently accompanied the fleet destined for
Guyana, under Director X. Price, and had previously been a
preacher of the English church at the Hague. And although the
certificate of his examination was not exhibited to us, because it
had been wrested from him by the enemy, together \\'ith other
property and papers, at the conquest of Guyana; nevertheless,
upon the testimony of certain people here, who knew him, and had
also heard of his gifts in preaching, he was admitted by us to
officiate. This he has now frequently done, and in several different
churches here, to general satisfaction and edification. Besides
preaching in other places, he performed this duty for four months
in the congregation of Esopus, which is now served by the Rev.
Domine Laurentius van Gaasbeeck. In the autumn of 1678, he
was requested by the congregation of South River to take hia
turn in preaching there, and admonish the people to piety and
godliness. He performed this duty so well that that church, to
the general gratification of everybody there, called him to be their
teacher, and the minister of the Holy Word and Sacraments.

In order to obtain the ratification of their call to him, and his
ordination for such a son'ice in the most convenient and speediest
manner, the commissioners of said congregation first addressed
themselves to us, notifying us of their call, and, with urgent rea-
sons, earnestly reijnesting us, to meet in New York, with our
elders, and deliberate on this business, in <inh'r to give proper
assistance to their diurcli. This was, indeed, an atlair needing
great deliberation, as it would bo fraught ^\^th weighty conse-
quences. Yet some of our church-members made not a few diffi-
culties about it. But the Noble, Very Worshipful, Honorable
Governor of this countrj', (Andros,) who was advised of the re-
quest of that congregation, also earnestly desired to see their j>ros-
pcrity. Accordingly ho served notice upon us, authorizing and
reciuiring us, the preachers here, to meet together in the form of
a Classis, and having examined the said Domino Tesschenmacker,
to advance him. if lu* were found (pialitied, to the ministry'. This

1679

V32 Ecclesiastical Eecoeds

demand made upon us by his Honor, will be best understood from
a copy, showing the authorization or order itself. This is a trans-
lation from the English original, which is on file here, and which
was signed by the Governor himself. Thus legally impelled
thereto, the advancement of Domine Tesschenmacker was re-
solved on by us, and carried out on the 9th of October, 1679. In
performing this act, we regulated ourselves by the laudable cus-
toms and orders of the churches in our Eatherland. For the
proper performance of his duties, we engaged him by promises
and his own subscription, just as we were engaged to the same
duties by your Reverences. Previous to our action there had
also arrived excellent testimonials concerning the character and
preaching abilities of Domine Tesschenmacker, from the Rev. Con-
sistories of the Dutch and English congregations at the Hague.
The candidate himself also, in his sermon gave full satisfaction to
all the members of our Assembly; and in his replies to our ques-
tions gave also very appropriate and excellent answers.

If in this business anything has been done by us, which is not
within our official functions, or Christian (Church)-Order, we
humbly and fraternally request that you will look at our proced-
ure with that benevolent disposition, which hopeth all things,
believeth all things, endureth all things. Your Reverences are
well aware that human hearts are like the soil of earth. If it be
ujicared for, and left uncultivated, it generally produces nothing
else than briars and thorns. If a grape vine is to bear good fruit,
no labor must be spared upon it. And in the particular case of
this people, it is especially necessary, as it is a wild country, and
the way of speaking is apt to be also wild. The manner of life is
also correspondingly cori'upt. The opportunities are manifold.
Of these things, the commissioners from that congregation, (New
Amstel, or New Castle, Delaware,) have frequently and sadly
told us. The same things we also occasionally find among our
own people.

One must consider also the inconveniences of the winter season

OF THE State of Xew Yokk. 733

here; the dangers of the voyage, if the candidate should seek to
obtain his advancement from your Reverences; the embarrass-
ments of the congregation by the long delay. For that congrega-
tion now numbers about one hundred and sixty or more. Then
also the impossibility of our administering the Holy Sacraments
there during the interval; for it is about forty (Dutch) miles (one
hundred and twenty English miles) distant from here, (Xew
York;) and our presence here is always very necessary also. And
above all consider the zeal as well as the order of our \Vorshipful,
Honorable Governor, whom it would not be safe to disobey. Now
all these circumstances and reasons have induced us to undertake
this business, shaping our action to the situation in which we, at
present, find ourselves. We hoped thereby also to ward off further
evils and misfortunes from oui-selves. AVe trust, therefore, that
your Reverences will please to pardon us, and inform us thereof
by letter as soon as opportunity offers.

Relying thereon, we close with the prayer that God, the Al-
mighty, may be pleased to bless your counsels both in the (Massis
and the churches, as well as your serviees. yourselves, and your
families.

Gideon Schaats, Paator at Xew Albany, President.
Wilhelmus van Xieuwcnhuysen, Pastor at Xew York, Examiner.
Casparus Van Zuuron, Ecc. on I^ong Ishmd, Scribe.
Laurentius Van Gaasbeeck, Ecc. Esopiensis.

(Xo date; but Xov. 1679.)

Correspondence from America. (A ^liuutc, made by some party
unknoAm, connected with tlie «dl and ordination of Doinine
Peter Tesschenmacker, as minister of the Clmrch of Xew Cas-
tle, on the South River, Delaware.)

1079.

The ministers of the Refonncd Dutch Churches were invited
to meet together and deliberate, viz., Domine Schaats of Xew
Albany, Domine Van Xieuwcnhuysen of Xow York, Domine Van
Zuuren of Long Islnii<l, and Domine Van Gaai*beek of Esopus.

1679

(4 Ecclesiastical Records

They assembled at the house of Domine Van aSTieuwenhuysen in
iSTew York. Domine Van Gaasbeek, not having yet arrived, it was
thought best, after full debate, to proceed wdth the (exainination)^
at the request of Messrs. Moll and Ephraim Hermans, delegates
from the congregation of Kew Castle; and especially at the re-
quest of his Excellency, the Governor, who had furnished the
above delegates with a letter.

Hereupon the time and manner of the examination and ordina-
tion were fixed. It was resolved to proceed after nine days, viz. on
the 9th of October. Domine Schaats was appointed President of
the Classis ; Domine Van ISTieuwenhuysen, examiner ; Domine Van
Zuuren, secretaiy, and Domine Van Gaasbeek, adsessor. It was
also resolved that Matt. 5 :20 should be assigned as the subject
upon which the candidate should preach; and that the ordination
should be attended by the consistories of the above churches.

On the day appointed, Thursday, ail the members were pres-
ent. The above named delegates were asked whether Mr. Tess-
chenmacker had been freeh' and voluntarily chosen as their min-
ister, and whether they desired he should be ordained as such, by
this Assembly, constituted in the form of a Classis. The answer
was, Yes. On the other hand Domine Tesschenmacker was asked
whether he was satisfied with the conditions requested of him in
relation to the service, and purposed to fulfill them faithfully. He
declared his approbation, answering. Yes.

They then proceeded to the examination of Domine Tesschen-
macker. He defended against objections, and explained satis-
factorily to all, Matt. 5 :20. In his examination he manifested
Buch proficiency in and acquaintance with theology", as to com-
mand the approbation of all the members. He w^as then ordained
by Domine Van Xieuwenhuysen by the laving on of hands.

After some days the necessary instructions and orders, signed
by all the members, were handed to the person ordained. These
agreed with the instructions of the Classis of Amsterdam, and the
Eules of Church Government of the Svnod of Dort. It was also

OF THE State of Xew Yo

UK.

1670

stipulated that as the ministers here, who ordained Domine Tes.s-
chenmacker, recognized their dependence upon the Classis of Am-
sterdam, and felt themselves hound faithfully to correspond with
that Classis in all special circumstances; so also Domine Tesschcu-
macker should acknowledge the same subordination, and carry
on correspondence.

The above proceedings were transmitted by letter to the Classis
of Amsterdam, with the order and authority of the Governor in
November folloAnng (1679.) In October of the year following,
(1680), a letter was received in answer.

Letters from Rev. Van Zueren.

1679, Dec. 4th.

Rev. Depp, ad res Maritimas read the extracts from the com-
plaining letter, (dolcantie) of Rev. van Zueren of New Xethcr-
land. It was thereupon resolved to M-rite, per Rev. Depp, afore-
said, both to Rev. Van Zueren, in order to humble him somewhat
in this matter; and also to the church there, in order to admonish
them to do their duty, and to give Rev. Van Zueren satisfaction
so far as it is practicable, and thus to hold him powerless, (take
away ground of complaint?) vii. 221; xix. 195.

Petition of the Commissioners of Schenectady to Certain
Merchants in Amsterdam to Pkocuhe f«»u Thk.m a Min-
ister.

1679, Dec. 31.

Sc.heiiechecct^ido, December, 3 1st. 1670.
Monsieur Jan liciKlricksc van Bael (or Roel) and Abel dc Wolf:
We greet you in friendship with the humble request tluit you
will please to take the trouble in (Mir brlialf. brforo llio \lv\\
Classis of Amst^'rdaiii, luul ]>n>curr a jircachcr for us uiul it jxis-
sible let him be a bachelor, who understnnd.s notes and psaluia.
We engage ourselves to the amount of (the etpiivaleiit of^ ..no

736 Ecclesiastical Records

hundred beavers, in wheat, as yearly salary; but if you can beat it
down somewhat, we will be well pleased; and it must be an in-
ducement, that we wish to have him here before the winter. We
shall also pay for his passage and other expenses, and provide him
with free lodgings.

We should have written to the Rev. Classis, but we did not
know any of the members. The Honorable Mr. van Boel, how-
ever, is well acquainted with our conditions. We refer the matter
to your kind care, for the fear of the Lord is the beginning of all
wisdom, we think. We have no doubt, but that you will consider
it a duty to do such a praiseworthy act, and we shall be very grate-
ful. Praying the Almighty to protect you, we remain Messieurs,
Your Willing and Affectionate Friends,
The Commissaries of Schenectady
Jan van Eps Daniel Jansen Harmen Yedder Sander Sander-
sen Glen.

By their order.
To Messrs. Ludowicus Cobes, Secretary.

Jan Hendrickse van Boel
and Abel de Wolff,
merchants at Amsterdam-
Extract made.

CoTJNciL Minutes Ministers Hoijse at Flatbush.

To the Right Honorable Sir Edmond Andros, Governor Generall nnder his Royall
Highness, the Dulie of York, of all his Territories in America, the 24th of
January 1679-SO.
Humbly show the undersigned Constable and Overseer of the village of Midwout,
that they are greatly injured by the erection of the ministers house, so that much
of the money earned by them is not paid by the contractor and whereas the in-
habitants of Breuckeien are bound to perform one fourth of the labor, but defer it
from time to time, although we have done everything, to live with them in friend-
ship, therefore we humbly request your Honor, to give directions to some Justice
of the peace, who shall settle the matter amicably without legal proceedings.
Which doing we are and remain.

Your Honors servants,

Theodorus Polhemius

Cornells Jansen

Dirck Jansen van der Vliet.

OF THE State of Xew York. 737

At a Council held the 24th day of January, 1679-80.

Upon a petition from the Constable and Overseers of Flatbush, Complaining, that
the Inhabitants of Breuckelen having undertaken to bee aydlug and assisting Id
building the 4th part of the Domlnes House at Flatbush, but neglect or refuse to
perform the same.

Ordered, that a Copye of the petition bee sent to the Constable and Overseers of
Breuckelen, who are to take care to performe their agreement, or to return their
Reasons to the Governour for their falling therein.

By Order etc.— Col. Docs. N. Y. xlv. 743, 745.

Acts of the Classis of Amsterdam.

Final Examination of Rev. Peter Tesschenmaker in New Nether-
land.

1680, Jan. 29th.

A letter from New Netherland was read by the Deputies ad res
Maritimas, in which it is made known that the ministers there, by
order of Governor (Andros), after the manner of a Classical As-
sembly, had subjected to final examination, and ordained to the
ministi-y, the candidate. Rev. Peter Tesschenmaker, who had been
called as minister to the South River. It was resolved that the
Rev. Deputati aforesaid shall write to them, that this Assembly is
pleased to be satisfied with their labors in this particular instance,
and give them thanks for their account thereof. They recom-
mend to them, however, the praiseworthy correspondence with
this Rev. Classis, and the maintenance of that good order custom-
ary in the churches of the Fatherland, vii. 223 ; xix. 196.

DOMINE SCHAETS AND THE LuTllEIt.\NS,

Extraordinary Court held at Albany March 11. 167B/80.

The Court met at the request of Domlnc Gideon Schnets, accompanied by the W.
Consistory, who complains that Myndirt Krcdcrlf Usf Smitt cuim- to his houHo and
told him the Domlne never to presuuie to speak to any of his Children on n-llgloua
matters; and that he the Domlne went sneaking through nil the houHcs like the
Devil; adding, Our Domlne (meaning Domlne Bernardus, MtnlMtcr of the Lutheran
Congregation) does not do so.

Domlne Schaets further coinplalns thnt Myudcrt FrederlckHc's wife grievously
abused and calumniated him behind his back at Gabriel Thomson's house, as an old
Rogue, Sneak, etc., and that If she had him by the pate, she should »lrn>: his grey
hairs out of it; which the Domlne offers to prove by witnesses.

Whereupon Myndert Fredertckse and wife are sent for to Court and Domlne
Schaets accusation Is read to Myndert who denies It all declaring that ho had not
given the Domlne an HI word.
47

1680

Y38 Ecclesiastical Records

Pletertje, wife of Myndert Frederlckse denies having abused Domlne Schaets as
a rogue and sneak; but that the Domlne hath abused her Religion as a Devilish
Religion.

Hend Rooseboom sworn, says that he was at Gabriel Thomson's last Monday
when Pletertje, Myndert Frederickse's wife entered, and wishing to go away was
called back by Gabriel and conversing on the subject of Domine Schaets and her
daughter, she said — What business hath Domine Schaets to question mine
daughter? To this Gabriel said — Why should he not do so? The Domine does
well to question people. Whereupon Pietertie said, Domine Schaets, the old Rogue
and Sneak; had she been by she should have caught him by the grey pate — adding

he ought to look to his daughter the W e and take care of her — To which

Gabriel replied, Meutie, why say that and scold the Domine so? who answered
him — You damned dog! you protect whores and knaves.

Cornells Teunise Swart being sworn, says he was also at Gabriel Thomson's last
Tuesday when Pietertie Myndert Frederickse's wife came in and enquired for her
daughter, who not being there, she was going away but Gabriel called her bacfc
and said — sit awhile Meutie; and being in conversation about Domlne Schaets
wishing to question her daughter, she said she had, herself, a teacher to do so, that
if she had the old rogue, she woudd take him by the grey pate, and further
knoweth not.

Mr. Sheriff Pretty requests their Worships that he may act herein, to institute
his action at a more convenient period.

The W. Court postponed the matter to the next Court day to act then on the
merits. Meanwhile if parties can be reconciled, (through Respect for the Divine)
they were particularly recommended to do so, saving the Sheriffs action and costs.

Albany, March 12, 1679/80.

Myndert Fredericksen and his wife appear before their Worships of the Court,
requesting that they may be reconciled in love and friendship with Domine Schaets
as they have been with Gabriel. Whereupon their W. recommended him to call
Domine Schaets which being immediately done;

Domlne Schaets appearing before their Worships is asked — if he were willing to
be reconciled with the aforesaid persons? who answers. Yes, on the condition that
they both acknowledge him an honorable man, and that they know nought of him
except what is honest and virtuous (always excepting the Dispute out of which this
Case arose, namely — Universal Grace — being no political question),* also the
Sheriff's claim.

Whereupon Myndert aforesaid and his wife acknowledge the Domine in open
Court to be an honest man, and that they know nought of him except all honor and
virtue and are willing to bear all the costs hereof, also to settle with the Sheriff.

N. B. It Is settled by And. Teller and for six Beavers and six cans of wine.

* This is explained by the following testimony in another case — " Hans Dreper
further says that Gabriel's wife stated that Domine Schaets said at her house that
whoever taught that Christ died alike for all men, taught a false and devilish
Doctrine ".

OF THE State of New York. 739

Olassis of Amsterdam.

1680, April 2nd.

Acts of the Deputies and their Correspondence.

The Classis of Amsterdam to the Dutch Ministers in America.

xxvii. 137.

Most Worthy and Eeverend Brethren and Co-laborers : —

Having further considered the occurrence of the appointment
of the Rev. Teschenmaker as pastor on the South River, we can-
not judge otherwise than that your Reverences have acted legally,
wisely and well in that matter, even as the present need and ser-
vice of the church demanded. We cordially and fully assent to
all that was done, and gratefully acknowledge that the same has
been communicated to us so circumstantially, clearly and with so
well cut a quill. We heartily desii-e that the commendable coiv
respondence may continue, and that all the excellent orders, cua-
tomary in our Fatherland churches, may be fully observed, unto
greater unity and the best interests of God's Church.

Heremth, Reverend Brethren, we desire the blessing of the
Most High upon your services, yourselves and your families. May
he spare you, with health of soul and body, to the increase of his
dearly bought church, and to the glory of his great Name ; while
we remain,

Your Reverences Obedient and Alfectionato Brethn-n and Fel-
low Laborers, of the Classis of Amsterdam. In the name of all :
Peter Schaack,

Dep. ad res Maritimas, p.t. Praeees.
Zegenis van Zan,

CoUegii Dop. ad res Maritiiuoii, p.t., Scribu.
A Wolphus Ducher,

Dop. ad res Maritimas.
Amsterdam April
2, 1680.

1680

740 Ecclesiastical Eecords

Acts of the Deputies and their Correspondence.

1680, April 2nd.

Classis of Amsterdam to the Churches of Long Island, xxvii. 138.

Most Worthy and Dearly Beloved Brethren, Elders and Support-
ers of the Reformed Ketherland Churches on Long Island : —

Grace and peace from God the Father and our Lord Jesus
Christ.

With an opportunity of writing, we are unwilling to omit send-
ing you our friendly greetings, and to exhort you fraternally re-
garding a matter touching yourselves as well as the Rev. Casparus
Van Zuuren your pastor.

Most Worthy Brethren, we learn from other parties that his
stipulated salary is not promptly paid to him, and that he re-
ceives three hundred guilders less, in Dutch currency, annually,
than was promised him, besides the perquisite of free fuel; also
that the building of a parsonage for him has hitherto been hin-
dered by strifes, by which a neutral third party, although inno-
cent, always suffers. Such occurrences a pastor has especially to
fear, far they are of a kind from which he can expect nothing but
loss and trouble. Yea, he may be subjected even to scandal, the
heaviest of all burdens; because some have not the discretion to
understand that a pastor, being subject to bodily wants, as well
as others, must also support and defend his family. In the mean-
time, such care and domestic anxiety lead to the injury of his
ministerial services, grieves his spirit, quenches his gifts, or at
least darkens and beclouds them; and as the aspostle saith, it re-
dounds to the detriment of the church, if he must perform his
duties with sighs.

If also we examine God's commands in relation to such things,
we find that he exhorts the church to due regard for him who
cares for their souls, which are most precious. What an excel-
lent support he provided in the Old Testament, not only for the
priests, but also for the common Levites, as well as for those who

OF THE State of Xew York. 741

only closed a door or lighted a candle in the temple at Jerusalem.
In the Xew Testament, also, the Apostle teaches that it is as un-
lawful to withhold his compensation from a pastor, who serves, as
it was, under the Old Testament, to muzzle an ox which was
threshing out the corn; that there is nothing more equitable than
that they should reap, of our carnal things, who sow to us in
spiritual things.

For these and other reasons, it is our desire, that our brother,
Rev. Van Zuuren, should be comforted by your acknowledgement
and observance of the obligations made respecting the support of
his household, that his mind may be relieved. He left his Father-
land for service among you. All those who leave their Father-
land, for service in the churches in the Indies, mthout exception,
draw larger salaries than they do who serve in the churches at
home; but your pastor, even if he received his full promised com-
pensation, would draw no more, considering the last increase of
salaries of pastors here. But Rev. Van Zuuren left the Father-
land for a less salary, even on so small a one that it is insufficient
for his support. You are too reasonable yourselves not to see
the unreasonableness of this situation. * We hope also that such
good order may be established among you, that our brother Van
Zuuren shall have no cause of coniphunt. May he fulfill his dutiis
among you with satisfaction and joy; that the church may be
edified, and mutual satisfaction may ju-cvail in your congrega-
tions.

Reiving on the ac^oniplisliiucnt of (his, wr \\i>U to you u\\,
as well as to all connected with your church, the rich blessing of
the Lord. Wo N\nsh this upon your own selves, your families and
homes; that fruits of righteousness and peace may abound, and
the kingdom of (Jod be extended to the glory of his great Name.

Your obedient and affectionate brethren and servants, of the
Classis of Amsterdam. In the nnme of all.

Amsterdam,

April 2, 1G80.

1680

742 Ecclesiastical Eecokds

Acts of the Deputies and their Correspondence.

1680, April 21st.

The Classis of Amsterdam to the Rev. Casparus Van Zuuren.

xxvii. 139.
Most Worthy Brother : —

It is with dissatisfaction, and sorrow in your behalf, that we
learned from your letter of October 30th 1678, that your salary
is not in accordance with your expectations, nor the dignity of
your office. In evidence that the Classis takes your discomfort
and injustice to heart, she has written to your churches with the
hope that the business may be quickly arranged to your benefit.

Xevertheless, worthy brother, the Classis also hopes you will
maintain a patient disposition under your injustice. Many diffi-
culties are overcome, by this grace, in the charges in the Fathar-
land. We are not insensible to your loss, and understand well
that it is hard for the provider of his family to see himself de-
frauded; but here also, in the Fatherland, eveiything is not per-
fect. In several of our pro^ances there are churches whose pas-
tors do not receive the half of their salaries. Even in our own
Classis, there is an example of a pastor, who, if he should wait for
the payment of his salary, in order to live on that, would not be
able to live at all. It is true that the misery of others cannot make
you happy; still you may therefrom discover that by returning
to the Fatherland, your necessities would not with certainty be
overcome. It is also to be hoped that the hard headedness of
your people may finally yield under the fiery coals laid by you
upon their heads. Surely God, who is very liberal in rewarding,
and who recogTiizes no service as more acceptable than that of him
who is ready and willing to labor in his cause, wdll not, in his
providence, always leave matters thus. In liis own unsearchable
ways he is able to place you above loss and complaint.

If you follow our counsel in this matter, we Avill have cause to

OF THE State of Xew York. 743

hold joiir memory in blessing, your name in honor, and your pro-
motion in favor.

Meantime, we wish the blessing of the Most High upon you,
upon your service, and upon your family. Commending you to
God and the word of his gi-ace, we remain, with hearty greetings,

Your obedient bretliren

of the Classis of Amsterdam.
In tlie name of all.

Amsterdam,

April 21, 1680.

Proposals to Raise Funds to Erect a Xew Dutch Church.

New York 31 June 1680.

At a meeting at the house of Mr. Olave Stevens, of the Ministers, Elders, Church-
masters and Deacons, Mr. Frertr. Phillips, Mr: Cortlandt and Seer, of the Councell,
Mr. Mayor, Mr. Beeckman, and Mr. Jacobs, Aldermen.

To consider of the best way to raise money for the building of the New Church
recommended by the Gov. —

Free will or Gulft: — -A imbllek tax: —

Mr. Ffredrick Philips Mr. Nicholas Bayard

Mr. Stephen v. Cortlandt Mr. Van Vleck

Mr. Olave Stephens .Mr. John Dnrvall.

Mr. Mayor
Mr. Beeckman
Mr. Jacobs
Mr. Coenraet
Mr. P. Bayard
De Newenhuysen
Mr. Woolly.

If this way shall not be effectual tn raUe a competent simune — That some other
way be consldred of which referred to the Governor.

How to give notice — house by house or otherwise.

To bee appointed to meete at ccrlalne tlnioH at the townt> hall, to give In thoir
subscriptions

The severall streets, — the Inhabitants to nppeare upon notice, one after another —

The Country people at the Bowery, Harlem, etc. upon the Isl. to have notice, and
bee spoken to, by their Officers, Const. Overseers, etc.

With dimensions.

The Church In the ITorl fifty four foot wood inonsurc without - .ibi'iit fifty
within — In breadth.

Proposed to be somewhat longer and broader, but more In length.

A quartr. pt.— Doc. Hist. N. Y. III. 244.

1680

744 Ecclesiastical Records

Petition of Qxjakers Against Being Fined for Solemnizing
Marriages According to Their Own Rites.

To the Governor, And his Councell at New York.

The address of Henry Willis and John Bowne, conserning the proceedings of a
Court Seshons against us who said they fined us ten pounds apeece for suffering
our daughters to marrie contrary to their law, which proceedings we are satisfied is
without precedent, and we can count it no less, but either a mistake or hasty over-
sight, and though we have endeavoured for Its removall yet Execution is eishoed
forth and Jos. Lee under shlref hath seases Hen. Willis' barne of corn and since
taken from Jo. Bowne five good milch cowes and drove them away by night and
kept them pownded from foode moste of two nights one day and part of a day that
neighbours was generally troubled at it. Now in simplissity we doe seriously In-
treat all that may be conserned here in seriously to consider it and in the coolness
of your spirits without anger or hard thoughts truly to waye it in the ballance of
Equity where the wittness of God may arise in every contience to testifie, whether
if such things should goe on and be proceeded in it would not be to the rewenating
of families and to the kindling of God's anger against a place or poeple which we
truly desire may be prevented, by taking away ye ocation, whereof we make our
address to the Chiefe in authority knowing that Magistrates authority is to pre-
serve men's persons and Estates, but ye perrogative of the conscience that belongs
to God and we dare not but yeald obedience thereunto as God hath perswaded our
harts and we doe not act (as sometimes resented) in stubborness obstaincy or con-
tempt of authority, but in simplissity, having God's fear in our hearts that we may
keepe our consciences clear before him from whom we receive strength to uphould
ns in tryalls and exercise and we earnestly desire ye Lord may perswade your
hearts unto whome we are now concerned, that ye may remove ye cause of this our
address, and open that eye in you that can see us as we are, who can pray for
those that's in authority that under them we may live a peaceable holy and godlike

life.

Henry Willis

John Bowne.
Ye 4th of ye 7th mo. 1680.— Doc. Hist. N. Y. lii. 605, 606.

Certificate for Rev. Charles Wolley.*

1680, July 15.
A Certificate to Mr. Charles Wolley to go for England in the Hopewell.

Sr. Edmund Andros, Knt. etc. Whereas Mr. Charles Wolley (a minister of the
Church of England,) came over into these parts in the month of August, 1678, and
hath officiated accordingly as Chaplain under his Royall Highness during the time
of his abode here. Now upon applicacon for leave to return for England, in order
to some promocon in the Church to which he is presented, hee having liberty to
proceed on his voyage, These are to certify the above, and that the said Mr. Wolley
hath in this place comported himself unblameable in his life and conver.sacon. In
testimony whereof I have hereunto sett my hand and seal of the Province in New
Yorke this 15th day of July, in the 32nd yeare of His Majestyes Raigne, Annoq.
Domine. 1680.

Examined by mee, M. N. Seer.— Perry's Hist. Am. Epis. Ch. 152; Dix's Hist.
Trinity Ch. i. 53.

• There was a Charles Wolley admitted a freeman of New York, 1702.

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