AN ECOLOGICALLY ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF
THE VASCULAR FLORA AT THE CHESAPEAKE
BAY CENTER FOR FIELD BIOLOGY, WITH KEYS
by
Daniel Higman
Office of Ecology
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C.
May, 1968
NOT TO BE CITED OR PUBLISHED WITHOUT PERMISSION
OF THE HEAD OF THE OFFICE OF ECOLOGY, SMITHSONIAN
INSTITUTION
Mane YomTTy
i
Ay
An Ecologically Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Flora
at the Chesapeake Bay Center for Field Biology, with Keys
Smithsonian, Office of Ecology
Daniel Higman
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D. C. 20560
May, 1968
forsusiseqat tateqad j howe
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Introduction
The 690 acres of land owned by the Smithsonian Institution at
the Chesapeake Bay Center for Field Biology lie on the west shore
of the Bay in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, approximately 7 miles
south of Annapolis and 30 miles east of Washington, D. C. The
Center consists of three tracts: Java Farm, Corn Island, and the
southern part of Ivy Neck peninsula (referred to herein simply as
Ivy Neck). The topographic map (Figure 1) shows their relation-
ship. Java Farm and Corn Island lie on Rhode River, on opposite
sides of Muddy Creek estuary. Ivy Neck lies on West River. The
topography of the Center ranges from rolling upland at Java Farm
to nearly level lowland at Ivy Neck. There is also much variation
in the soils and drainage. The vegetation includes extensive areas
of hardwood forest, abandoned fields and pastures, and coastal salt
marsh. Ivy Neck also contains cultivated fields and sandy beach
areas. Thus the Center presents a broad spectrum of ecological
systems.
The Smithsonian Institution recently acquired the land, and
in 1966 established a consortium with The Johns Hopkins University
and the University of Maryland for a cooperative program of ecolog-
ical research. One of the first projects at the Center has been a
survev of the vascular flora and the preparation of an ecologically
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VICINITY OF THE CHESAPEAKE BAY
CENTER FOR FIELD BIOLOGY
ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY, MARYLAND
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annotated checklist with artificial keys. This checklist provides
basic information required in the planning of future projects.
The floristic survey has concentrated on the areas of Java
Farm and Ivy Neck, with less comprehensive coverage of Corn Island.
The reason for this restriction is that the previous owner of the
island is still in residence there, and much of the vegetation is
subject to slight disturbance. Part of the island has been land-
scaped and a grass turf is maintained. The chestnut oak forest
vegetation on the rest of the island resembles that of Hog Island,
which is part of Java Farm.
As background information the physical environment, history of
land use, and present vegetation at the Center are presented in the
first part of this introduction. The second part will explain the
checklist, the format of its keys, and the ecological annotations
which accompany each entry.
Physical Environment of the Chesapeake Bay Center
The physiography of the Center ranges from rolling upland at
Java Farm to gently south-sloping lowland at Ivy Neck. Java Farm
has two steep north-south ridges near the headquarters area, of
which the taller has an elevation of 100 feet. Elsewhere, the elevation
averages 20 to 60 feet. Moderately steep forested slopes occur in
all directions. The Farm lies at the mouth of the watershed of
Muddy Creek, and is drained by the north fork of this creek and by
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several springs. Although most of the farm is well drained, one
abandoned pasture is vernally inundated until May or June.
Muddy Creek becomes tidal near the junction of its forks and
apparently grows increasingly saline toward its estuary, as reflected
by a gradient in the vegetation. Salt marshes line much of the coast
of Java Farm. One marsh at the mouth of Fox Creek drainage (near the
head of Fox Creek estuary) changes abruptly from freshwater to salt.
In contrast to Java Farm, Ivy Neck is virtually level and poorly
drained. Three small streams drain the northern part, but on the
peninsulas much of the soil is vernally saturated and the many small
coves are closed by salt marshes. Severe erosion occurs along the
coast, especially at the confluence of Rhode and West Rivers.
The soils of the Chesapeake Bay Center range in texture from loamy
sand to silt loam. Fine sandy loams predominate at Java Farm, silt loams
at Ivy Neck. This distribution of soil types reinforces the differences
in drainage. The soil maps (Figures 2 and 3) illustrate the distribution
of 15 soil types, according to a soil survey of Anne Arundel County now
being conducted by the U. S. Soil Conservation Service. Detailed des-
criptions of the compositions of these types will not become available
until the soil survey is published in 1969. However, three of the
types were described in an earlier soil survey (Phillips, Perkins, and
Winant, 1928). Brief descriptions of these three soil types are given
below:
lv Collington Fine Sandy Loam: Brown surface loam and
underlying glauconite, both with a high iron content, friable
but sticky. Substratum of fine sand, silt, and clay. Drainage
oe 40: elt ‘peanw Kavebinrs hy eave a
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ISLAND
SOIL TYPES AT JAVA FARM AND CORN
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Soils data from Anne Arundel County Soil Survey, Soil Conservation
Service. Data from advanced field sheets, subject to change.
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Figure 2.
Soil Types at Java Farm and Corn Island
Loam
762 Donlonton
Sandy Loam
334 Adelphia
774 Colemantown
Fine Sandy Loam
323 Collington
373 Monmouth
763 Donlonton
318 Marr
341 Shrewsbury
581 Bibb
771 Colemantown
Tidal Marsh
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SOIL TYPES AT IVY NECK
Primary Classification (numbers refer to specific types)
Loamy Sand Silt Loam
Tidal Marsh
a Pond
Soils data from Anne Arundel County Soil Survey, Soil Conservation
Service. Data from advanced field sheets, subject to change.
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Figure 3.
Soil Types at Ivy Neck
Loamy Sand
377 Monmouth
Sandy Loam
334 Adelphia
Fine Sandy Loam
373 Monmouth
Silt Loam
401 Keyport
411 Elkton
771 Colemantown
Tidal Marsh
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excellent. Agriculturally important. Needs moderate amounts of
lime. Much of the area formerly mapped under this type is now
designated Monmouth Fine Sandy Loam.
2. Keyport Silt Loam: Brown surface loam with a compact
underlying hardpan one or two feet deep. Drainage poor. Deficient
in phosphate and lime.
3. Elkton Silt Loam: Similar to Keyport Silt Loam.
Drainage and agricultural value poor. Much of the area now mapped
under this type was formerly designated Keyport Silt Loam.
Coastal plain sediments underlie virtually all of Anne Arundel
County. At the Chesapeake Bay Center they are approximately 2,000
feet thick. The most recent deposits are of Pleistocene age. These
cover much of Ivy Neck and correspond approximately with the occurrence
of Keyport silt loam. On Java Farm the Pleistocene deposits have been
eroded away to reveal those of Miocene and Eocene age. These older
sediments are composed of sand, gravel, marl, silt, and clay. Some
contain artesian aquifers. The deeper strata go down to Lower Cretaceous
age, and finally reach a crystaline basement rock of undetermined depth.
The climate is characterized by mild summers and winters,
moderated by the proximity of Chesapeake Bay. Approximate annual
temperatures range from 1.6°C (35F) ime Jianiarys tOl2 as Ol Ce @/n/ yy) am
July. The growing season is about 203 days, from mid-April to late
October. Annual precipitation averages 44 inches, usually reaching
a maximum in August, but may be quite variable for single months.
The annual snowfall averages 21 inches (Mack, 1962).
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History of Vegetation and Land Use
The presettlement forest of Anne Arundel County probably consisted
of mixed mesophytic hardwoods, with pine on the drier sites. In an
attempt to reconstruct this forest, Braun (1950) places the boundary
of her Oak-Chestnut and Oak-Pine forest regions approximately within
the county. On the Maryland Coastal Plain these two regions correlate
roughly with the Wicomico and Talbot Pleistocene terraces, both of which
eccur at the Chesapeake Bay Center. The canopy of Braun's Oak-Chestnut
forest includes American chestnut, beech, white oak, Spanish oak, red
maple, and pignut hickory. The Oak-Pine forest differs from this pri-
marily in having much more sweet gum, less chestnut, and persistent
stands of loblolly and Virginia pines on the drier sites. On the upland
the Oak-Pine forest also contains black, scarlet, and post oaks; on the
lowland are loblolly pine, sweet gum, sour gum, red maple, pin and
willow oaks, beech, and tuliptree. Shelford (1963) describes a similar
canopy composition for the area, but adds shagbark and mockernut hick-
ories and blackjack oak. A historical reference to Ivy Neck (Kelly,
1965) mentions a stand of tuliptree on a hilltop near the Center and
one of white oak on the adjacent lowland during the 1650's. Virtually
all of the above species except shagbark hickory now occur at the
Center (see next section).
The composition of the presettlement forest was subject to several
influents, but at present it is difficult to draw conclusions as to
their relative importances. Shelford (1963) describes the inhibitive
effect of the selective consumption of nuts and berries by deer, bears,
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squirrels, etc., and of the selective browsing of tree seedlings by
the deer. However, Hairston, Smith, and Slobodkin (1960) point out
that in order for a community to persist the herbivores must be limited
by predation below the level at which they deplete the vegetation, or
the depleted species will be replaced by more resistant ones. Major
predators in the presettlement forest included bears, cougars, wolves,
bobcats, and foxes (Shelford, 1963). The last two still persist in the
vicinity of the Center.
Storms and hurricanes, aided by the county's normally heavy precip-
itation, probably caused periodic damage. Craven (1926) notes five major
storms between the years 1658 and 1787; other big storms have been re-
corded at 10-to 20-year intervals in the late 19th Century.
Probably the most important disturbances to the presettlement forest
were caused by Indians. Indian occupation at the Chesapeake Bay Center
is documented by 22 heaps of discarded oyster shells, 11 of which are
large enough to indicate permanent campsites. Fragments of pottery
permit five of these sites to be dated within the interval 250 B.C. to
1200 A.D. Other artifacts indicate that besides oysters the Indians ate
deer, gathered nuts and other fruits, and probably cultivated corn.
They killed the small game and cut the young trees for firewood,
moving on when these resources were temporarily exhausted (H. T. Wright,
unpublished data). By 1608, however, these sedentary Indians had disa-
ppeared, apparantly driven away by the warlike Susquehannocks, and the
western shore of the Bay north of the Patuxent River was uninhabited
(Marye, 1955).
Marye describes the Susquehannock practice of setting recurrent
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forest fires, principally ground fires, to encourage the growth of grass
for deer and elk. Early settlers held these fires partly responsible for
huge areas of "barrens," or "sapling land," on the Maryland Piedmont,
and for an extremely thin shrub layer in the forest of the Coastal Plain.
The Indians also set fires to drive game and to clear village sites
(Middleton, 1953). Early settlers imitated the practice of forest
burning to benefit their cattle and to clear fields (Marye, 1955).
However, the importance of forest fires should not be overestimated.
Fire did not prevent the thin-barked tuliptree or yellow-poplar from
being a characteristic species, as evidenced by the names Tulip Hill
(Kelly, 1965), Poplar Neck, Poplar Knoil, etc. given by early settlers.
The nuts of other fire-sensitive trees, such as beech and hickory, were
eaten by the Indians who left the shell heaps and probably also by the
later Susquehannocks. The normally heavy rainfall and numerous streams
in Anne Arundel County probably kept the forest fairly moist and limited
the spread of ground fires.
Colonial settlement in the county began about the year 1650, and
tobacco soon became the principal crop. It was raised throughout the
vicinity of the Chesapeake Bay Center (Kelly, 1965). As tobacco con-
sumes much nitrogen and potash, only freshly cleared land produced good
crops, and the forest was rapidly cleared to yield the best crops
obtainable (Craven, 1926). Soil erosion and stream siltation became so
serious that in 1704 and 1743 laws were passed against the clearing of
stream banks (Middleton, 1953). For this reason, and because of rough
terrain or inaccessability, part of the present forest on Java Farm
(along Muddy Creek and on Fox Point and Hog Island) may have escaped
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from cultivation, although it was almost certainly lumbered, burned,
and browsed by cattle. This forest has not been cultivated at least
since 1846,
Colonial cultivation methods encouraged erosion and the development
of hardpan. After a few tobacco crops the land was briefly farmed to
corn and wheat, then abandoned. Tobacco exports periodically flooded
the British market, producing severe depressions and the abandonment of
fields (Craven, 1926). Reaccumulation of soil nutrients probably was slow.
Before 1800 no fertilization or renewal of the soil was attempted.
The monopoly of arable land for tobacco deprived livestock of corn and
pasturage. Cattle browsed the forests and probably grazed the salt
marshes. There is no available record of the marshes having been culti-
vated, mowed, or reclaimed.
Between 1800 and 1850 the fertilization of fields with manure, marl,
and gypsum developed and slowly became standard practice. Soil erosion
was checked. Large tobacco plantations gave way to small farms where
more efficient use of fertilizer was possible and crops were diversified.
General prosperity continued until the Civil War (Craven, 1926). A
postwar depression crippled agriculture until 1880, after which grain
and truck farming slowly recovered.
Java Farm served as a dairy from 1915 until its abandonment in
1945. Although the forest there was not lumbered during this period,
fallen logs were removed every spring. Cultivated fields were rotated
between corn and barley, but from 1937 to 1945 alfalfa was largely
substituted for corn. The present meadow north of the headquarters
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area was used as pasture. No cultivation, burning, or mowing of the
marshes took place. Since the dairy was abandoned in 1945, it has
remained unused. No fires or tenant farming disturbed the development
of the vegetation. A broad spectrum of communities now occurs.
Portions of Ivy Neck are still under cultivation to corn and
wheat. One field was abandoned in 1963, but was recultivated in 1967.
Both Scaffold Peninsula (between Scaffold and Cheston Creeks) and
Cheston Peninsula (between Cheston Creek and Rhode River) were entirely
cultivated until about 1900. The present deciduous forest on Scaffold
Peninsula has apparently developed naturally since the abandonment of
agriculture there. It was lumbered about 1942. The loblolly pine
stand on Cheston Peninsula was planted in 1933 and has been left
undisturbed.
Present Vegetation Types
The present vegetation of the Chesapeake Bay Center falls into
six major categories: hardwood forest, coniferous forest, cultivated
field, formerly cultivated field, freshwater marsh, and salt marsh.
Within each category variations occur in the composition of the
vegetation. These variations usually take the form of patterns of
plant communities, referred to here as vegetation types. The
boundaries of the types are not always sharply distinctive, especially
where the vegetation is immature, but they form a mosaic within the
hardwood forest and other main categories.
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The present vegetation types provide baselines for studies of
vegetation development. The similarities and differences among the
types in each major category may reflect environmental character-
istics or recent histories, but further research is required to
establish correlations. Most of the Center has been abandoned from
cultivation within the past 70 years or less, and the vegetation in
these areas is still immature and changing considerably. The older
hardwood forests appear to be mature and relatively stable.
The two vegetation maps of the Center (Figures 4 and 5) are based
on 28 vegetation types, which are listed in the legends of the maps.
Details of the types are given in Table I, which includes lists of
the more abundant plants and provides a basis for comparing the
vegetation on Java Farm and Ivy Neck. There is less overlap between
the vegetation types of the two areas than might be expected,
probably in part because of the more level topography and poorer
drainage at Ivy Neck, and in part because of differences in recent
historical land use. No vegetation map of Corn Island has been prepared.
The remainder of this report will explain the structure of the
checklist and of its artificial keys. The ecological annotations
which show the relationship of each species to its vegetation pattern
will also be described.
Table I follows.
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VEGETATION TYPES AT JAVA FARM
numbers refer to specific types)
(
ication
if
imary Class
Pr
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Salt Marsh
i i
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JAVA FARM
LEGEND (Figure 4)
FOREST TYPES
Hardwoods
1A. Beech, Tuliptree
1B. Beech, Tuliptree, Oaks, Hickories
1C. Beech, Tuliptree, White Oak,
Sycamore, Sweetgum
2. Tuliptree, Black Oak, Blackgum
3. White, Black, and Spanish Oaks,
Sweetgum
*4A. Chestnut Oak, White and Black Oaks,
Hickories
(4B to 4D only at Ivy Neck)
5. Spanish and Willow Oaks, Sweetgum,
Tuliptree
6A. Walnut, Sweetgum
6B. Walnut, Sweetgum, Spanish Oak, Beech
7A. Locust, Sweetgum, Elm
7B. Locust, Black Oak, Sweetgum, Red
Maple, Sassafras
7C. Locust, Sweetgum, Tuliptree,
Sycamore
(7D to 7F only at Ivy Neck)
8A. White Ash, Sycamore
8B. White Ash, Sycamore, Red Maple,
Elm, Sweetgum
9. Tuliptree, Sweetgum, Red Maple,
Sassafras
10. Dogwood, Sweetgum, Red Maple,
Sassafras
(11 to 17 only at Ivy Neck)
Conifers
18A. Virginia Pine predominant
18B. Virginia Pine, Sweetgum, Tuliptree,
Hickories
*19A. Loblolly Pine, Sweetgum (pine
predominant )
(19B and 19C only at Ivy Neck)
ABANDONED FIELD TYPES
(20 and 21 are CULTIVATED FIELD
TYPES, and occur only at Ivy Neck)
22A. Reed Canary Grass
22B. Kentucky Bluegrass
*23. Goldenrod, Aster, Brambles, Poison
Ivy, Honeysuckle, young hard-
woods
24A. Sweetgum, Cherry, Red Maple, Pin
Oak, Elm, Sassafras, Persimmon,
Dogwood, Tuliptree, Hornbeam
24B. Virginia Pine predominant
24C. Virginia Pine, hardwoods of 24A.
(25 only at Ivy Neck)
MARSH TYPES
Fresh Marsh
26A. Grass, Rose, Black Willow
26B. Hempweed, Touch-me-not, Black
Willow
*27A. Sea Myrtle, Salt Reedgrass, Salt
Cordgrass
*27B. Salt-meadow Grass, Alkali Grass
*27C. Cattail, Marsh Mallow, Salt
Cordgrass, Wild Bean
*Occurs also at Ivy Neck
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VEGETATION TYPES AT IVY NECK
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Conifers
Cultivated Fields a ,"Maron Malinw, 06 HPO
IVY NECK
LEGEND (Figure 5)
FOREST TYPES FOREST TYPES
Hardwoods Conifers
(1 to 3 only at Java Farm) (18 only at Java Farm)
*4A. Chestnut Oak, White and Black Oaks, *19A. Loblolly Pine, Sweetgum (pine
Hickories predominant)
4B. Chestnut Oak, White Oak, Hickories, Red 19B. Loblolly Pine, Sweetgum, Locust
Maple, Beech
19C. Loblolly Pine, Virginia Pine,
4C. Chestnut Oak, Black and Scarlet Oaks, Sweetgum, Walnut
Walnut
CULTIVATED FIELD TYPES
4D. Chestnut Oak, White Oak, Virginia Pine
20. Pasture
(5 to 7C only at Java Farm)
21. Cropland
7D. Locust, Sweetgum, Persimmon, Tuliptree,
Red Maple ABANDONED FIELD TYPES
7E. Locust, Sweetgum, Walnut, Willow Oak (22 only at Java Farm)
7F. Sweetgum, Walnut, Black Oak, Red Maple *23. Goldenrod, Aster, Brambles, Poison
Ivy, Honeysuckle, young hardwoods
(8 to 10 only at Java Farm)
(24 only at Java Farm)
11A. White Oak, Sweetgum, Locust, Red Maple
25A. Locust, Sweetgum, Cherry, Red Maple,
11B. White and Black Oaks, Sweetgum, Tulip- Sassafras, Mulberry, Elm, Persim-
tree, Hickories mon, Pin Oak
11C. White and Spanish Oaks, Sweetgum, 25B. Virginia Pine, hardwoods of 25A.
Tuliptree
MARSH TYPES
12. Persimmcn, Locust, Cherry, Sycamore,
Maples (26 only at Java Farm)
13A. Bitternut Hickory, White Oak, Persimmo *27A. Sea Myrtle, Salt Reedgrass, Salt
Tuliptree Cordgrass
13B. Bitternut Hickory, White and Pin Oaks, *27B. Salt-meadow Grass, Alkali Grass
River Birch
*27C. Cattail, Marsh Mallow, Switchgrass
14. Tuliptree, Sweetgum, Locust, River
Birch 28. Sea Rocket, False Indigo, Salt
Cordgrass, Wild Bean
15. White Oak, Sycamore, Walnut, Red Maple
POND TYPES
16. Willow Oak, Black and Blackjack Oaks,
Locust Small Pond: Swamp Dock, Duckweed, Water
Purslane
17A. Cherry, Locust, Sweetgum
Large Pond: Salt Cordgrass, Horned Pond-
17B. Cherry, Locust, Black Oak, Mockernut weed, Marsh Mallow, Sea Myrtle
Hickory
*Occurs also at Java Farm
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Table I.
COMPARATIVE COMPOSITION OF VEGETATION TYPES AT
Java Farm
FOREST TYPES
HARDWOODS
1A. Beech, Tuliptree.
1B.
Mature upland hardwoods on
gentle west- or south-facing
slopes above tributary of Muddy
Creek. Canopy mainly Fagus grand-
ifolia; less Liriodendron tulipi-
fera, Quercus coccinea, and other
hardwoods. Understory of canopy
species, plus Cornus florida, Acer
rubrum, etc. Shrub and ground
floras include Euonymous americana,
Epifagus virginiana, and Hypoxis
hirsuta (none of these found in
Type 1B). Rhus radicans and
Lonicera japonica virtually absent.
Beech, Tuliptree, Oaks, Hickories.
Mature upland hardwoods.
Fagus grandifolia and Liriodendron
tulipifera throughout canopy; Li-
quidambar styraciflua, Quercus
alba, Q. coccinea, Q. velutina,
Carya tomentosa, and fewer Q. fal-
cata and C. glabra. Composition of
canopy variable. Understory of
canopy species, plus Cornus florida
Acer rubrum, Carpinus caroliniana,
and infrequent sprouts of Castanea
dentata. Shrubs include Viburnum
prunifolium and infrequent Vaccini-
um staminium. Rhus radicans and
Lonicera japonica moderately abun-
dant. Rich herbaceous flora, most
species not found in Type lA.
Herbaceous flora seems to vary
with composition of the canopy. At
one point, near the head of the
tidal portion of Muddy Creek, the
shrub and herbaceous flora resem-
bles that of Type 4A.
JAVA FARM AND IVY NECK
Ivy Neck
FOREST TYPES
HARDWOODS
No counterpart.
11B. White and Black Oaks, Sweetgum,
Tuliptree, Hickories.
Moderately mature lowland
hardwoods; canopy resembles
that of Type 1B, but contains
infrequent Robinia pseudoacacia
and has less Fagus grandifolia.
Main difference is in under-
story and ground floras,
which reflect poor drainage
of Ivy Neck. (More Nyssa
sylvatica, Viburnum prunifolium,
Cercis canadensis, Lindera
benzoin, Podophyllum peltatum,
Arisaema atrorubens, etc.) Rhus
radicans and Lonicera japonica
moderately abundant.
(Types 11A and 11C are
described on the following pages.
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1C. Beech, Tuliptree, White Oak,
Sycamore, Sweetgum.
Mature lowland hardwoods, on
level bank of Muddy Creek near
head of tidal portion and on
bottom of tributary valley down-
stream. Quercus alba prominant
in canopy, also Fagus grandi-
folia, Liquidambar styraciflua,
Liriodendron tulipifera, and
Platanus occidentalis. Under-
story of Cornus florida on bank
upstream; Lindera benzoin, Vi-
burnum prunifolium, and V. den-
tatum in tributary valley.
2. Tuliptree, Black Oak, Blackgum.
Moist lowland hardwoods, on
gentle north-facing slope.
Canopy of Liriodendron tulipi-
fera and Quercus velutina
throughout; Nyssa sylvatica pri-
marily on the west side, Quercus
alba on the east; few Pinus vir-
giniana. Transition to Type 4A.
Understory of Aralia spinosa,
7a.
Acer rubrum, and Prunus serotina.
Ground cover of Smilax rotundi-
folia.
No counterpart.
No counterpart.
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Java Farm
7b.
Ivy Neck
4A,
. White Oak, Black and Spanish
Oaks, Sweetgum.
Mature hardwoods, on south-
west-facing slope. Canopy of
Quercus alba, Q. velutina, a
few very big Q. falcata, Liquid-
ambar styraciflua, and Nyssa
suiuat ica. Understory of Cornus
florida, Carya tomentosa, and
Liquidambar. Ground cover of
Rhus radicans and Lonicera
japonica.
Chestnut Oak, White and Black
Oaks, Hickories.
Mature hardwoods of coastal
zone. Canopy of Quercus alba,
Q. prinus, Q. velutina, and
Carya tomentosa, with fewer Q.
falcata and C. glabra. Mature
Pinus virginiana usually few.
Understory typically of Ilex
opaca, Cornus florida, Acer
rubrum, and a few Pinus virgin-
iana (many young pines at Fox
Point); also scattered Amelanch-
ier arborea and Viburnum aceri-
foliun.
Ericaceous shrub layer char-
acteristic: Kalmia latifolia,
Gaylussacia baccata, G. frondo-
sa, Vaccinium spp. Ground
flora includes mosses, Hieracium
venosum, & Deschampsia flexuosa.
Smilax rotundifolia usually
sparse; Rhus radicans and Lon-
icera japonica conspicuously
absent.
11C.
4A.
4B.
Castanea dentata sprouts.
AC.
No counterpart. Resembles Type
11C on Scaffold Peninsula (described
below), but the latter has a level,
poorly drained habitat.
White and Spanish Oaks, Sweetgum,
Tuliptree.
Moderately mature; canopy of
Quercus alba, Q. falcata, Liquid-
ambar styraciflua, Liriodendron
tulipifera, Nyssa sylvatica, and a
few mature Pinus virginiana.
Understory chiefly Ilex opaca;
fewer Juniperus virginiana, Acer
rubrum, Viburnum prunifolium, and
Carya cordiformis. Ground cover
of dense Lonicera japonica and
Rhus radicans.
Very similar in composition to
that at Java Farm, and occupies the
same habitat: a narrow zone where
the bank drops steeply to the Bay
(probably a zone of improved drain-
age caused by a drop in the soil
water table); the finer texture of
soil at Ivy Neck seems to make little
difference with this type.
Chestnut Oak, White Oak, Hickories,
Red Maple, Beech.
Differs from Type 4A in having
Fagus grandifolia and Acer rubrum
in the canopy, and a more hetero-
geneous understory which seems tran-
sitional to inland Types 11B and 11C.
Understory includes Cercis canaden-
sis, Sassafras albidum, Viburnum
prunifolium, & & Carya arya cordiformis.
Rubus spp. and Campsis radicans also.
Chestnut Oak, Black and Scarlet Oaks,
Walnut.
Canopy and understory are more
varied than in either 4A or 4B; has
less Quercus prinus and almost no
ericaceous shrubs. New canopy species
include Q. coccinea, Juglans nigra,
Liquidambar - styraciflua, Liriodendron
tulipifera, Asimina triloba, etc.
et eo
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5. Spanish and Willow Oaks, Sweet-
gum, Tuliptree.
Mature lowland hardwoods adja-
cent Hog Island salt marsh.
Canopy of Quercus falcata, Q.
phellos, Liquidambar styraciflua,
and Liriodendron tulipifera.
Understory of Cornus florida,
Liquidambar, Aralia spinosa, and
Viburnum dentatum; infrequent
Quercus stellata and Pinus
virginiana. Seems to be invad-
ing drier areas of salt marsh.
6A. Walnut, Sweetgum.
Mature stand, probably persis-—
tent from cultivation, on steep
esst- and west-facing slopes of
ridge. Canopy of Juglans nigra
only on east side; with Pyrus
communis, Liquidambar styraci-
flua, and Sassafras albidum on
west side. Understory of Lindera
benzoin on east slope, Rubus on
west. Dense Lonicera japonica
on both sides.
6B. Walnut, Sweetgum, Spanish Oak,
Beech.
Moderately mature, at top of
south-facing slope. Canopy of
Liquidambar styraciflua, Juglans
nigra, Quercus falcata, Fagus
grandifolia, and Platanus occi-
dentalis. Understory of Lindera
benzoin and Cornus florida.
Lonicera japonica on ground.
4D. Chestnut Oak, White Oak, Virginia
Pine.
Differs from 4A in having in-
frequent Pinus virginiana in canopy.
Hardwoods formerly lumbered. Pine
abundant in understory, with Acer
rubrum and Liquidambar styraciflua.
Ilex opaca and ericaceous shrubs
infrequent.
No counterpart.
No counterpart. Walnut grows
infrequently along both sides of
Cheston Creek estuary, in Types
4C, 7E, 7F, and 19C, and on upper
Scaffold Creek estuary in Type 15,
but not abundantly enough to
characterize a stand.
No counterpart.
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7A.
7B.
Ge
7d.
Java Farm
Locust, Sweetgum, Elm.
Immature, on south- and
southeast-facing slopes over-
looking Fox Creek estuary. Can-
opy of Robinia pseudoacacia,
Liquidambar styraciflua, and
Ulmus americana; fewer Sassafras
albidum and Quercus velutina,
the latter mostly on the lower
slopes. Understory of canopy
species. Dense ground cover of
Lonicera japonica.
Also contains scattered Acer
rubrum and Cornus florida.
Locust, Black Oak, Sweetgum, Red
Maple, Sassafras.
Immature, on south-facing
slope near head of Fox Creek es-
tuary. Canopy of Robinia pseu-
doacacia and Liquidambar | styra-
ciflua, with fewer Quercus vel-
utina, Acer rubrum, Cornus
florida, and Sassafras albidum.
Understory of canopy species,
plus Ulmus americana. Ground
cover of Lonicera japonica and
Rhus radicans.
Locust, Sweetgum, Tuliptree,
Sycamore.
Moderately mature, along the
shore of Muddy Creek estuary.
Canopy chiefly Robinia pseudo-
acacia, especially near Hog
Island salt marsh; also includes
Ligquidambar styraciflua, Cornus
florida, Liriodendron tulipifera,
and Platanus occidentalis near
the eastern end. Understory of
canopy species. Ground layer
of Rhus radicans, Smilax rotund-
ifolia, and Lonicera japonica.
7D.
7E.
Ivy Neck
Types 7D, 7E, and 7F at Ivy Neck
Neck resemble Types 7A and 7B at Java
Farm in species composition. Chief
difference is in the habitat: from
moderately steep south-facing slope
and fine sandy loam soil at Java Farm
to poorly drained level lowland and
silt loam soil at Ivy Neck.
Locust, Sweetgum, Persimmon, Tulip-
tree, Red Maple.
Immature, covers watershed of
east fork of Scaffold Creek. Canopy
seems to contain no Quercus velutina
but does include Diospyros virginiana,
Nyssa sylvatica, and Platanus occi-
dentalis. Otherwise the same as at
Java Farm (Robinia, Liquidambar, Ulmus).
Understory highly variable, in-
cludes Sassafras albidum, Cornus
florida, Lindera benzoin, Viburnum
prunifolium, Acer rubrum, and Carya
cordiformis. Shrub and ground layers
of Rubus spp., Rhus radicans, and
Lonicera japonica.
Type 11A, described on the next
page, seems to be a transition be-
tween 7D above and 11B (described
on p. 7).
Locust, Sweetgum, Walnut, Willow Oak.
Immature, covers west bank of
Cheston Creek estuary north of Type
4B. Resembles Type 7F (p. 8a.) and
differs from other variations of
Type 7 in having Juglans nigra in
the canopy.
Canopy of Robinia pseudoacacia,
Liquidambar styraciflua, Juglans nigra,
and Quercus phellos. Understory of
Robinia pseudoacacia, Cornus florida,
and Sassafras albidum. Ground layer
Lonicera japonica and Smilax rotund-
ifolium.
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8A.
8B.
8a.
No counterpart. 7F. Sweetgum, Walnut, Black Oak,
Maple.
Immature, adjoins Type 7E. Can-
opy has little or no Robinia, added
Quercus velutina, Salix nigra, Acer
rubrum, and Platanus occidentalis.
Understory of Viburnum prunifoliun,
Prunus serotina, and Cercis cana-
densis. Ground layer as in Type /E.
No counterpart. 11A. White Oak, Sweetgum, Locust
Red Maple.
Immature, apparently a transi-
tion between Types 7D and 11B.
Canopy of Quercus alba, Liquidam-
bar styraciflua, Nyssa sylvatica,
Acer rubrum, and Carya spp.;
Robinia pseudoacacia becomes infre-
quent southward; Ulmus americana
infrequent. Understory varied,
includes Rhus typhina, Ailanthus
altissima, Co Cornus florida,
White Ash, Sycamore. Viburnum prunifolium, Morus alba,
Moderately mature, follows Cercis canadensis, etc. . Ground
bottom of Muddy Creek valley above cover of Lonicera japonica and
tidal limit. Canopy mostly Rhus radicans.
Fraxinus americana, fewer
Platanus occidentalis, few species 12. Persimmon, Locust, Cherry, Syca-
of Type 8B below. Understory of more, Maples.
Lindera benzoin, with few Acer Moderately mature, follows
rubrum, Fraxinus, Liquidambar, drainage of Cheston Creek above
Ulmus americana, and Carpinus car- | tidal limit. Persimmon and cherry
oliniana. Ground layer of Rubus | may be cultivated. Understory in-
spp-, Vitis spp., and Rhus radicans hibited by browsing cattle.
Herbaceous flora mostly Impatiens Canopy of Diospyros virginiana,
capensis, Podophyllum peltatun, and Robinia pseudoacacia, Prunus sero-
assorted grasses. tina, Platanus occidentalis, Acer
rubrum, A. saccharinum, A. negundo,
White Ash, Sycamore, Red Maple, Ligquidambar styraciflua, Nyssa syl-
Elm, Sweetgum. vatica. Understoyy of Viburnum
Similar to Type 8A but farther runifolium, Salix nigra, Cercis
upstream. More heterogeneous canadensis, Celtis occidentalis.
canopy includes Acer rubrum, Ground layer chiefly grass, or
Ulmus americana, Liquidambar forbs in wet areas.
styraciflua, and Quercus palustris.
Understory as in Type 8A, with
more Ulmus americana and Carpinus
caroliniana. Ground layer same.
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10.
Qo
Java Farm
Tuliptree, Sweetgum, Red Maple,
Sassafras.
Immature, covers north- and
west-facing slopes of hill over-
looking wet meadow. Canopy of
Liriodendron tulipifera, Liqui-
dambar styraciflua, Acer rubrum,
and Sassafras albidum. Understory
similar, plus Ilex opaca, Prunus
serotina, Nyssa sylvatica, Cornus
florida, Viburnum prunifolium.
Ground layer of Lonicera japonica.
Dogwood, Sweetgum, Red Maple,
Sassafras.
Immature, covers east-facing
slope at head of Fox Creek estu-
ary; merges with Virginia pine
stand (Type 18A) on upper slope.
Canopy of Cornus florida, Acer
rubrum, Sassafras albidum, Li-
quidambar styraciflua, Pinus vir-
Ground layer of Smilax rotundi-
folia, stopping sharply at edge
of pine canopy.
No counterpart.
giniana, few Fagus grandifolia and
Morus rubra. Understory similar.
8b;
No counterpart.
No counterpart.
13A. Bitternut Hickory, White Oak,
Persimmon, Tuliptree.
Moderately mature but canopy
thin. Lower valley of Scaffold
Creek (east fork) above tidal
limit. Canopy of Carya cordiformis,
fewer Quercus alba, Platanus
occidentalis, Diospyros virginiana,
and Liriodendron tulipifera.
Understory thin, of Morus rubra,
Juglans nigra, Ulmus rubra, Quercus
palustris, etc. Shrub and ground
layers very dense, of Rubus spp.,
Smilax rotundifolia, and Lonicera
japonica.
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No counterpart. (Habitat of
Type 7C resembles that of 13B
except that 7C has fine sandy
loam soil; 13B has silt loam).
13B. Bitternut Hickory, White and Pin
Oaks, River Birch.
Moderately mature, borders field
between forks of Scaffold Creek.
Canopy of Carya cordiformis, Quer-
cus alba, Q. palustris. Under-
story of Cornus florida and
Viburnum prunifolium, few Quercus
alba, Q. stellata, Carya glabra,
and Fagus grandifolia. Ground
layer of mixed grasses, few woody
vines.
No counterpart. 14. Tuliptree, Sweetgum, Locust,
River Birch.
Immature, covers drainage of
west fork of Scaffold Creek. Can-
opy of Liriodendron tulipifera,
less Liquidambar styraciflua,
Robinia pseudoacacia, Betula nigra,
and Juniperus virginiana. Under-
story of Viburnum spp., Carya
cordiformis, Quercus velutina, and
Q. palustris. Ground layer of
Rhus radicans.
No counterpart. 15. White Oak, Sycamore, Walnut, Red
Maple.
Moderately mature, at head of
west fork of Scaffold Creek estu-
ary. Canopy of Quercus alba,
Platanus occidentalis, fewer
Acer rubrum, Juglans nigra, and
Carya tomentosa. Understory of
Liquidambar styraciflua, Morus
rubra, Carya cordiforml. Ground
layer of Lonicera japonica, less
Smilax rotundifolia and Rhus
radicans.
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8d.
Java Farm Ivy Neck
No counterpart. 16. Willow Oak, Black and Blackjack
Oaks, Locust.
Immature, along east shore of
upper Cheston Creek estuary, borders
cultivated field. Canopy has Quer-
cus phellos throughout; Diospyros
virginiana near upstream end; Liq-
uidambar styraciflua near middle;
Quercus velutina, Q. marilandica,
Q. palustris, and Q. prinus near
downstream end. Understory of
Viburnum prunifolium, Prunus sero-
tina, Maclura pomifera, Sassafras
albidum, etc. Ground layer of
Rubus spp., Lonicera japonica,
Rhus radicans, other vines.
No counterpart. 17A. Cherry, Locust, Sweetgum.
; Immature; coves behind salt
marsh on lower Cheston Peninsula.
Canopy thin, variable, includes
Prunus serotina, Robinia pseudo-
acacia, Liquidambar styraciflua,
Cornus florida, Betula nigra,
Liriodendron tulipifera, Carya
tomentosa, Quercus velutina.
Understory merges with canopy; one
clump Rhus typhina. Ground layer
of dense Lonicera japonica,
Rhus radicans, other vines.
No counterpart. (Habitat 17B. Cherry, Locust, Black Oak,
like that of Type 4). Mockernut Hickory.
Immature; on Cheston Point and
low headlands adjoining salt marsh.
Canopy of Prunus serotina, Robinia
pseudoacacia, Quercus velutina,
Carya tomentosa, Q. alba, Betula
nigra. Understory on Cheston Point
of Liquidambar styraciflua and
Ulmus americana; on headlands of
Ilex opaca and Viburnum prunifo-
lium. Ground layer of Smilax
rotundifolia on one headland;
Rubus spp., Rhus radicans, and
Lonicera japonica elsewhere.
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9a.
Java Farm
CONIFERS
18A. Virginia Pine predominant.
18B.
Moderately mature; scattered
stands usually on upper slopes
or summits, exception at head
of tidal part of Muddy Creek.
Canopy of Pinus virginiana, may
have few Liquidambar styraciflua,
stand at bend of Fox Point Rd.
has few Quercus velutina and Q.
marilandica. Understory of
mixed hardwoods, chiefly Liquid-
ambar, Acer rubrum, etc. Ground
layer usually Lonicera japonica.
Virginia Pine, Sweetgum, Tulip-
tree, Hickories.
A mixture of Type 18A above
and hardwood Type 1B (p.7 ).
West-facing slope of ridge with
water tank. Canopy on lower slope
of Pinus virginiana and Liqui-
dambar, latter gives way upslope
to Liriodendron tulipifera,
Carya tomentosa, and few Quercus
velutina. Mature pine only on
slope, summit has young pine and
hardwood stands (Types 24A, B, C).
Understory all over slope of
Liriodendron, Acer rubrum, Sass-
afras albidum, and few Pinus
virginiana. Shrubs only on lower
slope: Vaccinium spp., Myrica
cerifera. Ground layer below of
Mitchella repens and Lycopodium
complanatum, of Rhus radicans on
upper slope.
Ivy Neck
CONIFERS
No counterpart.
No true counterpart; few mature
Pinus virginiana remain of former
Stand on Scaffold Peninsula (now
hardwood Type 11C). This area
resembles Type 18B to the extent
that Type 11C resembles Type 1B
at Java Farm, see discussion on
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9b.
Java Farm
19A. Loblolly Pine, Sweetgum (pine
predominant).
Mature; on south-facing slope
of ridge with water tank, des-
cribed for Type 18B. Canopy of
Pinus taeda and Liquidambar
styraciflua. Understory of
Liquidambar, Liriodendron tulip-
ifera, and Acer rubrum. Ground
layer of Rhus radicans.
Also one mature Pinus taeda
at headquarters area and one at
west end of Fox Point Road; few
young ones in old fields (Type
23)
No counterpart.
No counterpart.
19B.
19C.
Ivy Neck
Loblolly Pine, Sweetgum (pine
predominant).
Mature; planted in 1933 on
Cheston Peninsula. Very dense;
many trees down, rest with thin
crowns; reproduction at stand
borders. Canopy of Pinus taeda, few
Liquidambar styraciflua and Lir-
lodendron tulipifera. Understory of
dense Liquidambar, Liriodendron,
Cornus florida; fewer Prunus serotina,
Ulmus americana, and Quercus vel-
utina. Ground layer of dense Rhus
radicans and Lonicera japonica.
Loblolly Pine, Sweetgum, Locust.
Immature; triangular area on
Cheston Peninsula between 19A
and coast. Thin canopy of Pinus
taeda, Liquidambar styraciflua and
Robinia pseudoacacia. Dense
understory same as for Type 19A, with
few young Pinus taeda. Dense
ground layer of Rhus radicans, Lon-
icera japonica, Campsis radicans,
Vitis sp.
Loblolly Pine, Virginia Pine,
Sweetgum, Walnut.
Immature; on Cheston Peninsula
between Type 19A and cultivated
field. Canopy of Liquidambar
styraciflua, fewer Pinus taeda,
P. virginiana, and Juglans nigra.
Understory of Acer rubrum, Carya
cordiformia, Ilex opaca, Nyssa
sylvatica, Quercus alba, Q. palus-
tris, and Q. phellos. Shrubs:
Myrica cerifera, Viburnum prun-
ifolium. Ground layer of Rhus
radicans and Lonicera japonica.
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Poabanth! upd sims! BEES BuAR. 8
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Lxeest jBbix aoi3 ee) &osn7 gurts mieeks Sno ;
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Java Farm
CULTIVATED FIELD TYPES
20. Pasture.
Single pasture, grazed by dairy
herd. Gentle south-facing slope,
bordered on 3 sides by Cheston Creek
drainage. Flora of Andropogon
virginicus, Digitaria ischaemun,
Trifolium repens, Taraxacum off-
icinale, other forbs.
No counterpart.
No counterpart. 21. Cropland.
Cultivated to corn, barley, wheat,
and sorghum. Wild flora mostly
Ipomoea purpurea, I. hederacea; also
(vernal): Stellaria media, Draba verna,
Lepidium spp., Barbarea spp.,
Cerastium spp., etc. and (autumnal)
Aster spp.3; restricted or infre-
quent species: Datura stramoniun,
Echinochloa pungens; Setaria
lutescens often abundant near borders.
One field on Scaffold Peninsula,
described in text as "abandoned
wheatfield" (since recultivated)
was fallow 3 yrs. (1963-66); 60
species were found there in 1966,
especially Oenothera biennis, O.
fruticosa, Gnaphalium obtusifoliun,
Cerastium viscosum, Dianthus armer-
ia, Hypericum perforatum, Ambrosia
artemisiifolia. Locally dense
Trifolium pratense and T. hybridum.
Woody species found under forbs:
Campsis radicans dense; Quercus
velutina, Prunus serotina, and
Vitis sp. few.
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swiet ‘wateaqe gaeup
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os
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Meesaviaiuass ojoty) “blattisodw
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S7eis Gmiol orew Bei 0eqe
a] azanioge0 v¥ilotseaqes
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.pusoaely pulteex9
aot jotrad muoizeavs 1 si
Peemen witecot = .stioitis\os2is
; . ee bree sensiers mulicitst
tees se bao) eeloaqa yhoo
Re teesed spbothey aiagun)
S ABARNONRO 22s. Bacsutey
.wey ar gigi’
9d.
FORMERLY CULTIVATED FIELD TYPES
22A. Reed Canary Grass.
22B.
23).
Former pasture in valley
north of headquarters area,
marshy at the west end, drains
into Muddy Creek. Very dense
Phalaris arundinacea throughout;
Juncus effusus, Scirpus rubri-
cosus, Polygonum pensylvanicum
and P. sagittatum at marshy
end; few clumps of young Acer
rubrum, Liquidambar styraciflua,
and Rosa spp. Invasion from
outside slow.
Kentucky Bluegrass.
Small areas of dense Poa
pratensis turf in former cul-
tivated fields, being overrun
by Rhus radicans. Associated
forbs: Gnaphalium obtusifoliun,
Erigeron canadensis, Asclepias
syriaca, Solanum carolinénse,
Cirsium discolor.
Goldenrod, Aster, Brambles,
Poison Ivy, Honeysuckle,
scattered young hardwoods.
Very heterogeneous vegetation
throughout most former cultivat-
ed fields. Forbs often more
abundant than woody vines but
often less so. Principal forbs:
Solidago altissima, S. gramini-
folia, Aster pilosus, A. dumosus,
Eupatorium serotinum, Rubus
occidentalis, Lespedeza cuneata,
Rosa micrantha, R. multiflora,
Allium vineale. Early spring
forbs: Barbarea spp., Draba
verna, Lepidium spp., etc.
Principal vines: Rhus radicans,
Lonicera japonica, Campsis rad-
icans, Vitis vulpina. Many less
frequent species. Trees scatter-
ed or locally denses see Type 24A.
23
FORMERLY CULTIVATED FIELD TYPES
No counterpart. (When the
field described above was aban-
doned, its north end adjacent
Cheston Creek drainage had marshy
species like that of western part
of Type 22A.)
No counterpart.
- Goldenrod, Aster, Brambles,
Poison Ivy, Honeysuckle,
scattered young hardwoods.
Similar to that at Java Farm
but with fewer vines, more grass
and forbs. Merges with Types
25A, 25B. Grasses include
Setaria lutescens, Andropogon
virginicus.
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ae starr 16
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Java Farm
24A. Sweetgum, Cherry, Red Maple, Pin} 25A. Locust, Sweetgum, Cherry, Red
Oak, Elm, Sassafras,
Persimmon, Dogwood, Tuliptre
Hornbeam.
Very dense young stands, of-
ten predominantly Liquidambar
styraciflua but often hetero-
geneous. Covers parts of old
fields and usually merges with
Type 23. Principal species:
Maple, Sassafras, Mulberry,
Elm, Persimmon, Pin Oak.
Corresponds to Type 24A but
has Robinia pseudoacacia usually
abundant; Liriodendron, Carpinus,
Ulmus rubra, and Celtis in-
frequent to absent.
Special cases:
Liquidambar, Prunus serotina,
Acer rubrum, Quercus falcata,
Sassafras albidum, Cornus flor-
Stand at head of Scaffold Creek
drainage includes Nyssa sylvatica,
Platanus occidentalis, Carya cord-
24B.
ida. Less frequent: Lirioden-
dron tulipifera (central upland),
Diospyros virginiana (lowland),
Ulmus americana, U. rubra (near
pier), Carpinus caroliniana
(forest border), Celtis occiden-
talis (all over). Understory
usually none. Ground layer of
dense Lonicera japonica and
Rhus radicans in all stands.
Special cases:
South-facing slope at north
border (adjacent Type 22A) is
an old orchard; canopy of
Liquidambar, Liriodendron, and
Pyrus malus. Understory of
Rubus spp.
West-facing slope down to
Muddy Creek near head of tidal
portion has very dense Carpinus
canopy; so does stand at end of
Springhouse Road.
Virginia Pine predominant.
Dense young stands of Pinus
virginiana. Two occur on sum-
mit and west-facing slope of
ridge west of headquarters area,
one in old field on northeast-
facing slope near Fox Point Rd.
Few Liquidambar in stands, no
understory; ground cover of
Rhus radicans and Lonicera
japonica.
Pine also infrequent in Type
MEIC
iformis, and shrubs Viburnum
prunifolium and Sambucus cana-
densis.
Stand on Cheston Peninsula
below Type 21 includes dense
understory of Myrica cerifera.
Hedgerows between cultivated
fields usually contain Celtis
occidentalis, Liquidambar styra-
ciflua, Maclura pomifera, Acer
rubrum, or Viburnum prunifolium;
also Campsis radicans.
No counterpart.
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ATE CX9IFE
we
10b.
24C. Virginia Pine, hardwoods of 24A.
Simultaneous growth of young
Pinus virginiana and Liquidambar
styraciflua in old fields.
Stand overlooking head of Fox
Creek estuary also has Robinia
pseudoacacia, Quercus palustris,
Cornus florida, and Sassafras
albidum. Stand at west end of
field overlooking Muddy Creek at
southwest corner of Farm has
Liriodendron tulipifera and
Aralia spinosa.
Ground cover of Rhus radicans
and Lonicera japonica.
25B. Virginia Pine, hardwoods of 25A.
Infrequent occurrence of Pinus
virginiana throughout young hard-
wood canopies between forks of
Scaffold Creek estuary and on
Cheston Peninsula between pine stand
and cultivated fields.
Ground cover of Rhus radicans
and Lonicera japonica.
MARSH TYPES MARSH TYPES
Freshwater Marsh
26A. Grass, Rose, Black Willow.
Freshwater portion of marsh
at mouth of Fox Creek drainage,
separated from salt marsh by
hedge of Rosa palustris and Smi-
lax rotundifolia. Assorted
grasses, scattered Salix nigra,
clumps of Rosa palustris, Impat-
iens capensis, and Scirpus spp.
No freshwater marshes occur
at Ivy Neck.
26B. Hempweed, Touch-me-not, Black
Willow.
Two sites: marshy streambed
at western border of Farm and at
base of Fox Point peninsula
adjoining Fox Creek estuary.
Both sites have dense Impatiens
capensis and Mikania scandens,
and scattered Salix nigra and
Smilax rotundifolia. Scutellaria
lateriflora and Rosa spp. grow
at the first site, Sambucus
canadensis at the second.
aah pbsibwett
-gasupsxias
-aundguoits. Enskoiaxiv - seduabivond bas | :
HSSWI9S gatgonss boow - sablott bio mabe
: .j3ee70 blotiasd xOF to. haed gatsteol Sue
“bas3 a sewed efveniaet mogjead) ginko asd osle- yreusae
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boszoseh slioitbhnayjoy i,
Sais xitse bayes3ace7 ree ; :
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| ae saanted bas em
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i alueatasq astel xoT 20 seed
‘Vis0das my = ‘BE
Java Farm
Oe
Ivy Neck
27A.
27B.
DiGre
Salt Marsh
Sea Myrtle, Salt Reedgrass, Salt
Cordgrass.
Covers the wettest and appar-
ently most saline marsh areas
and follows tide channels into
apparently less saline areas.
Chiefly Baccharis halimifolia,
Spartina cynosuroides, S. alter-
niflora; less abundant species:
Iva frutescens, Aster subulatus,
A. tenuifolius, Limonium carolin-
ianum, Phragmites communis.
Slat-meadow Grass, Alkali Grass.
Covers more sheltered, inland
areas of large marshes; often
absent from smaller ones. Chief-
ly Spartina patens, Distichlis
spicata; less abundant species:
Solidago sempervirens, Eleochar-
is halophila.
Cattail, Marsh Mallow, Switch-
grass.
Occurs at landward margins of
marshes or throughout less saline
ones. Chiefly Typha latifolia,
T. angustifolia, Hibiscus palus-
tris, Kosteletzkya virginica,
Panicum virgatum; less abundant
species: Acnida cannabina,
Pluchea camphorata.
Tidal portion of Muddy Creek
has gradient of decreasing
salinity. Species there not
cited above: Scirpus americanus,
S. robustus (Hog I. Marsh);
Atriplex patula, Dryopteris
thelypteris (with Typha), Polygo-
num hydropiperoides, Asclepias
incarnata, and Mikania scandens
(at upstream end).
27A.
Salt Marsh and Beach
Sea Myrtle, Salt Reedgrass,
Salt Cordgrass.
Same as at Java Farm; Spartina
cynosuroides infrequent, only at
edge of water.
Salt-meadow Grass, Alkali Grass.
Same as at Java Farm but areas
often too small to map.
Cattail, Marsh Mallow, Switch-
grass.
Same as at Java Farm, but
areas often too small to map.
Salt marsh at head of Cheston
Creek estuary has several species
cited for tidal Muddy Creek.
Trees occasionally found in
salt marshes include Diospyros
virginiana and Juniperus virginiana
at several locations, Robinia
pseudoacacia at Sand Point, Quercus
falcata and Q. phellos at Hog Island
marsh, and Salix nigra at head of
Fox Creek. The last three species
occur near the dry land border.
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carer :
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10d.
Java Farm Ivy Neck
No counterpart. 28. Sea Rocket, False Indigo,
Salt Cordgrass, Wild Bean
Sandy beach along Cheston
Peninsula, and sandbars of salt
marshes. Species include Cakile
edentula, Amorpha fruticosa,
Spartina alterniflora, Stro-
phostyles helvola, Cenchrus
tribuliodes, Ammophila arenaria,
Asparagus officinale.
Baccharis halimifolia dense
on Sand Point.
POND TYPES
POND TYPES
29A. Small pond on Cheston Peninsula,
separated from Rhode River by an
apparently stable sandbar. Vegetation
indicates low salinity at present;
species include Rumex verticilla-
tus, Echinochloa walteri, Sparganium
eurycarpum, Lemna minor, Spirodela
polyrhiza, Ludwigia palustris.
No coumterpart (types 26A and
26B may be temporarily innundated,
but true ponds are lacking.)
29B. Larger pond on Cheston Peninsula,
separated from Rhode River by an
eroding sandbar. Vegetation indi-
cates a salinity equivalent to that
of marshes; species include Spar-
tina alterniflora, Zannichellia
palustris, Hibiscus palustris,
Baccharis halimifolia, Pluchea
camphorata.
No counterpart.
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A
li.
The checklist includes 553 species of vascular cryptogams and
phanerogams, distributed among 98 families. They were collected at
Java Farm in the autumn of 1965 and at both Java Farm and Ivy Neck
during the growing seasons of 1966 and 1967. Collection will be
started at Corn Island in 1968 and continued elsewhere in coordination
with studies of vegetation development. An appendix (p. 228) is
provided for the addition of new species. It now contains eight
species collected during the preparation of this checklist. When the
Center becomes further developed the checklist will be revised for
final publication.
The families represented in the checklist are indexed on page 16,
and arranged according to the Engler and Prantl system. When a family
is represented by more than one species artificial keys are provided.
Although many of the keys are set up in a form similar to that used in
Gray's Manual of Botany, 8th edition (Fernald, 1950), the keys developed
for this checklist are less extensive than Fernald's, since they are
restricted to the flora of the Center and its near vicinity. In
addition, the terminology has been simplified and in some of the more
complex keys the sequence has been revised.
The keys in three families have been adapted from those of local
taxonomic studies compiled for the Washington-Baltimore area, which
includes Anne Arundel County (Hermann, 1946). These three families
are the Gramineae (Gilman, 1957), the Cyperaceae (Hermann, 1941),
(O'Neill, 1941), and the Umbelliferae (Dayton, 1942). The adapted
vba aes evel dao 24 nk 2aet to nau dus aly | ak ata :
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ein ed3 30. em00 at Sea bol tiigoie
boetvey os4d aed someupoe odd eyed ae t@mame
Taso Yo sacds woxd bosgqebe nead avert eetiine! sexda of eyed sft
doigW aes eromialab-cosgaiseaW ona 101 beLiqnes eatbuse simonex
) wakibes? peais owett «(dCs , anesyoH) vaniod foheueah yan “a
i baer een 7 ie ada psa = 12D). ambi
oF =
7"
)
ti .
lla.
keys were modified to exclude species having a strictly Piedmont
distribution and those restricted to habitats which do not occur at
the Chesapeake Bay Center. Entirely new keys were prepared for some
of the more complex taxa which have limited representation at the Center.
There are two reasons for any similarities present between keys
in the literature cited above and keys in the checklist. First, the
dependability of the characters in the keys in the literature. Second,
the need of a framework to facilitate the anticipated periodic revision
of the keys as additional species are collected. Such revisions will
be accomplished more readily if the organization of the checklist keys
is designed to allow for them.
Therefore, when a couplet in one of the keys in the literature
separates a genus or species which has in fact been collected at the
Center from one not yet discovered there but expected to occur in the
vicinity, both halves of the couplet are included in the checklist key
but the word "expected" follows the unused half and the taxa to which
it refers are named in parentheses. This practice appears justifiable
in view of the continued investigations to be conducted at the Center
and the rich and fluctuating flora of the surrounding county, described
by Stieber (1967). Stieber notes a great intermingling of northern,
southern, and introduced species, the whole assembly subjected to wide-
spread human disturbance. From field collections west of the Chesapeake
Bay Center and an examination of the District of Columbia and Vicinity
collection in the U. S. National Herbarium, Stieber has compiled a
checklist of 647 vascular species for the county. His list cites 316
ob asta eons ot besateseas ovods be ao
Wa i Seen
rey ayo veo veut s793000 vel a scent
owt asowsnd dnaeexg estitsalimte yin #02 ‘snogeet ows exes oe
4S Be AT
ee avant sfaibiosdo: of3 oi ayod bar aieda patio wceonranle ofa
is
cone Fatndero92 ait ak eyed oda at 7s inact ant to iaatadeba
nubelves aibalxsq baseq! otjas add eisdtitcnt of srowsmn) 8 a6 bien oda,
betoal{on sme eokoey2 rennenhe as een ofa ye
thw atolaives a
eyed salticars ed3 30 notiskinesto sd3 24 vyitbssy sxom panei tanooas.
a madd 10t wolls of neagtesd |
La |
5 —
Sugesertt sft at aysd o43 Yo sno af seiquos & fudw stale sit
{ Abirw estosqs to euneg & soJstagae
=: ~<
wie t# betselina need Joni mt Gai
"ane Qi 30350 03 bedoeges suc ert bexysvooalb Jey gon S06 mort 30308
Yee Jed ftoor!s ois wi bebulonat sis telques ond 10 a9aviss sod crataky
Watdw oS axed ef? bee iiad beavav edi ewollot
i=
"betoagze"” Brow Sit aud
a Demteatatiaut evesque solioer¢q eiaT ,esaansu9isg 0 bamau sis areie® sb
Weahad etid ts bosoubnoes 66 a} eroivssiiseves tines sit Fo oleae
Dedivaneh ,ysnves gelbcvotiws ed? to esol? gatisusoult bas dott sig ne 2.
“a
{8G01) radekyg ww
smaenszon jo arilgetotesin’ tascg & asson iodelee
_)
aehie oF bedoetdus yidawess alody ad? ,selsesqe besnbortal bas .xergu0R
@eaaquass o3 lo Insv esotsseifos blalt sort ails coma §
=
: —_* bas sidetiic? jo Joirtai€ ez to acl toatmsxs a8 bas re2ns
| . tytn ae
‘s bofiqao> wal 29d6138 sutsedxefl Leuok3ait .2 .i snd at c iL
F] ee a
Ate nests sets ot ae
a a
ie ey
125.
species not yet discovered at the Chesapeake Bay Center; the writer
has collected at the Center 209 species which are not included on
Stieber's list for the county. This complementary collection rein-
forces Stieber's observation on the need for further systematic
floristic study of the region, and supports the writer's provision
for the inclusion of additional taxa in the keys of the present list.
To prevent the checklist keys from becoming topheavy with "expected"
taxa, the writer has used the following criteria in selecting them:
abe They must be named as established in F. J. Hermann's
A Checklist of Plants in the Washington-Baltimore Area, 2nd.
edition (Hermann, 1946).
Dis They must be described in the available literature as
having a distribution which includes the Maryland Coastal Plain,
and must not be restricted to swamps or other habitats which
do not occur at the Center.
Be They must not be too numerous to keep the keys relatively
simple and short.
This system of including "expected" taxa in the keys has already
facilitated the identification of several species listed in Appendix I.
Further research at the Center may reveal other taxa not yet listed as
"expected.'"' The identification of new taxa may be confirmed by the
use of Gray's Manual.
Nomenclature
The nomenclature of the checklist follows that of Gray's Manual
of Botany, 8th edition, except in the family Gramineae; there,
: (et were ody “Re eax ofa mt beer Lanotithbs Jo nofeutant ose
adie eedqod galmossd mor ays Jetiaooers afi. Iasvetg 3 -
Cia hcaigicats: a boetideics ea baman sc tA ont
UB Saevk waomtaled-iosgetdesW sda nt avait Qo sexixosAd
. (ber eceinnTeny motsbbe
bh aybsorsdti sldslteve edt at bedbrse5b 4q~Jeum yen
qatar’ Endeou? bontereM ats esbulont siskdv notdudivietb e anivad
Wat esusidnd xeiso to eqmawe 03 besolidees sd Jom Joum bas
.ye9na0 sda Jn twuwoo0 Jon oh
Minwieale+ eye! ori qsod 09 ewotsmua not od Jon Jeum ystt NE
qiode bas sigqnie
iv
WoeSTiA ehh Bys4 S03 nt sxal “haisaqxs"™ snibulont to mstdeye etar
Xr SthaegGa wt beleil adioage Lezavee to coi teat tiaasht ais boss tthoae
Ser Reeee!, 984 You exert vetio Laovst yeu Tstasc ed? Ja dorasest wale :
ant wd Mentiines sd vac axot ver to colisoltignsbs edt
.fbunséM a neato
puvselonsmol
Ltimcaet oF 080 R0) Sods evolio? jailioads sft %o venient iy
log meant Geos as it
iLS}e
Gilman (1957) follows the nomenclature of A. S. Hitchcock's Manual
of the Grasses of the United States. Whenever the nomenclature used
conflicts with that of The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora
(Gleason, 1952), the names from the latter are given in parentheses.
Common names of species given by Gray's Manual are placed opposite
the scientific names. Additional common names used by residents of the
vicinity of the Chesapeake Bay Center are distinguished by the letter
"(L)," for "local," or are listed separately in Appendix III.
Annotations
The ecological annotation which accompanies each species has five
categories: the general location (Java Farm or Ivy Neck), the estimated
abundance of the species, its exact collection site or specific habitat,
the dominant or canopy species of the collection site, and some of the
associate species observed in the same location and stratum.
The estimated abundance of an entry indicates the ease or redis-—
covering that species in the field; the four categories are:
Abundant (plentiful throughout the habitat)
Moderately abundant (evenly distributed but not plentiful)
Infrequent (thinly scattered)
One station (a single plant or very small, compact group)
The last category is preferred to "Rare" or "Local" because the
Center has not yet been studied in sufficient detail to permit a safe
assumption concerning the restriction of distribution of species.
Additional annotation data are being sought and are listed in Appendix II.
When the checklist is revised a more precise evaluation will be made.
edeseautt a8 ere miadese wat oat 46 Sony ithe 10)
Se Ht Mavie Bie Poddat.sd3 wor! vouce odd Che seer: «not
Uptown hasalq’ Ste facet e*vexd yd sanky astasqe ea esaen
a va me we
te ‘to eyasbven? d Heeu samen irumyos IeqolsrbhA~ .apmen 9it4 sastoe oie
r ey , SS Ge ; Bae!
D-atso1. ads ud bade fugit el! 456 Yat) va GX RSeeRG and sit 10 3 Leesa
as Pee Siig N nt viesarsqse bstalt-eta 10", fa90l”
Ovi? ‘hur waiseqa tous setraawenss doliw solsasornce LaD2801 058 sat ee
feeeaeee attipate 1 atie rolsoaiioa Jnaxs saloage sua to sonobauds
4
e192 (6 amos bos Ya nolzgoelle» sda as "YT. ‘Hino 3 Isucrtorsh. abd io wae
Bevenoaem Ot) , (45S wyl ro mtay avel) oorsaool eg 3128 Ol 195i ORR IRS
,
euseyie bie : SG gke ant A w7sec } q2 sw eloosees
aur
t
- : rn ‘ : 7”
4¢ rye - . 4 . me, Orel
ioe: 2H sans 4:15 xadecloe ¥ 6 is ' f faulgs
. 67h eolioysts lei7 oid of aglseew Jans gabvaves es
a -
Cteramele Jom Jel bedud Eih vines). ireinietn vintetehot a
(haye2jJece vlabni>) saaiuperiat i
Sepa Zobqno> , flere yrav te 327Alq olyate &) noise ea Dr
j
i |
we
x3
»
“
&
r4
‘
i
ahd spunced esq ak yrogessy jaeLl off -
meee Simseq oF [feieb Jnololiive ck botbuis mesa joy joe eed 193092" =
26 mobsudizyetb to actisiazstess sdz gol ia eobag
eee 3° 207 + seca: gil
| Bh bedatt exe boo aiigucs acted +xn ysah nek zeae
yw a4 Po Avi
Wed Liiv actynulevs eetoozq S200 & heave? sf
14.
The specific location of a species is described in relation to
existing landmarks and to the numbered grid now being constructed
for the entire Center (see Figures 6 and 7). The units of the grid
are in hectares (a hectare equals 2.471 acres or 10,000 square meters).
The hectare was chosen to facilitate the future establishment of sample
plots, since it can easily be broken down into smaller metric units.
Once the location of a species is established the oe may check the
soil and vegetation maps (Figures 2 to 5) for additional details.
The remaining annotation data summarize the vegetation of the
collecting sites. The dominant species are listed when these are
apparant. Also listed are "associate species" collected or observed
at the same location and in the same stratum. Further investigation
of the coincidence of these associate species should lead to more
reliable correlations among them and with their habitats. Additional
details of the vegetation may be obtained from Figures 4 and 5 and
from Table I.
The specimen collection numbers of each species follow its
annotation. All specimens collected by the writer are preserved in
the U. S. National Herbarium, Washington, D. C. Duplicate specimens
will be filed at the Chesapeake Bay Center. A few additional specimens
collected by Dr. H. David Hammond are kept in the Howard University
Herbarium, Washington, D. C.
ae agisut 9d s283iLhost ‘ot asdorts aay aiads
spain: ‘obrs90 golleme o35% swob. aelgid od yitess iso ak sonte
iitntas wk astoeqe s° To. gotssool od:
oe
apy sood vat webasa oft bedat
(2 o3 &. astualt) agen manpegey-
a is
fh 2. awkpwaed- Lagokat bbs ~o3
ovis ae Ghiedegsy of) sxtzsame sish aobtsionns gntnkeass edt -
6¥a seeds nedwv beset ara veloegs snentmoh ofl .eotts gatsoall
“yotoags eielcones” 918 betett cela _ snag
Shavrsedo to bernelios
ok bne nolaasol SmBe BHF
, Dpeisaghieeval xed2su% .muistie omen ot3 OF
aim of baet binoda baloeqa sIotsosas sears 46 S3nedioatas oft 35m
j RauctethbA <etsiidnd isc: dtiw bas modi aaoes enolieletz09. aldstier:
tae @ bas & estestl wort beatesro od Yaa motjesagev sit 20 ettsaeb
t- sidsT —
ast wollod? asiasqe dose to aredmuc noitoulios samtoege ont
anemtosqe LTA apeseionam
a nt beyviseess ote Tediaw ai3 vd bstoelios
anemiseqa sjasiiqu® <9 -U ,ooignidseW , eae Tenoiseu oe WD “osha ©
Baemiongs Lecctlbba wei A” sins} (38 siioanthena ot Ys belt? wd Ate
| 0 vd ba tae
wakevevin basvol sil 0: Jqe4 ot brommusH bived
2 .0 ,notaninasl eandes
~ ’ A ¢ . a! a
HECTARE COORDINATES OF JAVA FARM
"
“BTAMiA
aby
tak aaa a
} t r si ” wee a
ae oy a
i ag wand ae
| Ow yy .
eam en Ain > ember
) /
K il Seek % ha | Va
HECTARE COORDINATES OF IVY NECK
AND CORN ISLAND
Se Ee
a ee
BER Hea tH
[PP el lal al Pl
ee) fan nb ft
Beals fir dun han Lise leet aS
ES BD Se HR
pt We eet
NG
st
:
Et
3 i asian OE I
# t
rte a laa ia he
ea
| ' J
| Mild Sea Hl a
’ i
imme: - 4 + nds = :
Leaf et ~yt =e wt > aiaaeas eee ‘Sanne tenes
\ i
(Figures 6 and 7)
Hectare Coordinates of the Chesapeake Bay Center for Field Biology
These maps represent a grid system which provides a large number
of fixed points for designating sampling stations and recording
collections. Each square of the grid is 100 meters on a side and
has an area of 10,000 square meters or 1 hectare (1 hectare = 2.471
acres). The squares may be easily broken down into smaller metric
units. Each of the larger squares (with heavier borders) contains
100 hectare squares.
The vertical grid lines run north and south at right angles to
the baseline, not according to magnetic north. The heavy horizontal
line crossing Java Farm is the baseline; trees and brush along this
line have been cleared to make a relatively open footpath.
Disturbance to the vegetation along the other grid lines has been
kept to a minimum.
Although the grid lines on these maps extend beyond the boundaries
of the Chesapeake Bay Center, the actual surveying has been confined
to the Smithsonian property. In the field the corners of each
Square are pinpointed either by concrete monuments or by pipes
driven into the ground. The monuments are placed two hectares apart,
and have brass plates bearing the numbers of the adjoining squares.
Where pipes are used, stakes bearing the grid numbers accompany
them. No markers have been planted in the estuaries.
a
Ati. Sg s 03900 ys ein3398 IT x4 e¢sitom ouEupe 000; oi 30 a
esxotd vitesse ad THM aereupE ad
Sir seer: yoitanma olin eter
vw) apraupe eee ait 26 rig ee
5°
antedios (rrabrod ssivesd 43!
.asisube Fada Fi
seatl brs Isotsav oat
ee uotece Jdatt ie Mjuoe bee Aisoa nut
Taeaostyat yossd siT tatoo Sigenaam 09 galhrosss Jon .sotisand
eens “anoth tevic bas wears jantivosd 9n3 es frei avn. gahenoasy
wipheIcse? nsqo yloviieter = S%am 65 bevaslo asad ovett onkd
i bdee gad contl bitg yeidiso old ponte notzeisasy dz o3 sonedeebena
ormiohm 2. of 3g
i = at Pe
| y Beevepnod Gio bread baesxe sqem senad 40 6etl bivg sd3 dguodstAy ‘oe
Reais died wal gatyevivs Cwitos ots , teins) yee otetqeead) aiar ae
4
Hone Yo wisaszoo eds bl sij wi. .yi1eqotq astonedsime ot3:.08)
ai
va 7 Hh geq?4 Yi to. stnominom %7979R0 d 4addts beyakoqalq oxn-aT SDs
Saeece sereisel ows be75.q S18 a3 nage ION adit: .bawusts sid otnt covtah a
i Emapeige gitnichhs wis to araGme 31 auitanod ‘eval eserd oved bas iT
Wunquezse Sxodieva bisg 93 gityeed segsis ,bsau 93s aeatkq
wotteetee at? at beiselq osed evet exsazred BM)
15.
Literature Cited
Braun, E. Lucy. 1950. Deciduous forests of eastern North America.
Blakiston Press, Philadelphia. 596 p.
Craven, Avery O. 1926. Soil erosion as a factor in the agricultural
history of Virginia and Maryland, 1606-1860. Univ. Illinois Press,
Urbana. 179 p.
Dayton, William A. 1942. Preliminary treatment of Umbelliferae,
Washington-Baltimore Flora. Mimeographed. Distributed by the
Conference on District Flora, Smithsonian Institution, Washington,
DemiG.) 1 S4 pi.
Fernald, Merritt L. 1950. Gray's Manual of Botany, 8th edition.
American Book Co., New York. 1632 p.
Gilman, Elizabeth M. 1957. Grasses of the Tidewater-Piedmont region
of northern Virginia and Maryland. Castanea 22: 1-105.
Gleason, Henry A. 1952. The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora
of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. Lancaster
Press, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. 3 vol.
Hairston, Nelson G., Frederick E. Smith, and Lawrence B. Slobodkin.
1960. Community structure, population control, and competition.
American Naturalist 94: 421-425.
Hermann, Frederick J. 1941. Key to the genus Carex in the Washington-
Baltimore area. Mimeographed. Distributed by the Conference on
District Flora, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 24 p.
. 1946. A checklist of plants in the Washington-Baltimore area,
2nd. edition. Mimeographed. Issued by the Conference on District
Flora, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 134 p.
Kelly, J. Reaney. 1965. "Tulip Hill," its history and its people.
Maryland Hist. Soc. Mag. 60: 349-403.
Mack, Frederick K. 1962. Ground water supplies for industrial and
urban development in Anne Arundel County. Maryland Dept. Geol.,
Mines, & Water Res. Bull. 26: 90 p.
Marye, William B. 1955. The great Maryland barrens. Maryland Hist.
Soc. Mag. 50: 11-23, 120-142, 234-253.
Middleton, Arthur P. 1953. Tobacco Coast, a maritime history of the
Chesapeake Bay in the Colonial era. Mariner's Mueeum, Newport
News. 487 p.
ae ey encuhiiae
#g ate vsklqiohs tat Bi
: aad ai eines A 2s yogi tent Tiog 8S@r "0 oe
shomitt aio {OGBL~300E ,bunhyxey brs abalgiiV to. erode!
-q Sil:
ve aiibhtiodas 0 Sneainaia etedihs is EDGE ah metitih’, ;
“els ed, bosudiyield barlguxgoomt™ ,azolt ‘sromts int-gosantdenilas:
i spose . eorseT ESAs tinetnosdsin® ,erolT satyvdiesd o9 ‘gonsTstAO -
oy 5 : é } + AE thy
- = re
Chae Cae d38 ,wmijol to fauna & ‘vaso .OFOL .J sttcreM .bis
i aq Stal .ixo¥ well ¢.09) dood asokremA) |
con sha Seaabeld-sesswebiT add to eseast- Sel .M ftodsskle
i ,ROie@f cS aotntaed, -bosivren bos phatazs, aiediies to”
rol? tiexertautts omive bre oogsivd wea ofT .,f¢0L ick est ieee
ella _abenad imeosibs Sas a9929¢ beitol | ratesady2 ran afd FG.
fou: a tnne tapativel ~reiegoapd . Sa a
yakabodol® «A sonerove ors bh ae \3 dAsixebest ,-0 moalet codes ett
Senidrigscros bie ,lowsreo mores fugog ,omutouTIA Ytinow wo ,000F
PR heFSA 7 AC Jetleru2en neo tventA a
Sd
| apaedidegh odd ni were) ovnes ot ct yew .f0@L . ob Yolxrehoxt -noameh!
fo eolversised edd yd distal .bsdqesgosmit «S976 earoukiial < ©
mee 40 «0 ,forgotceek |: rjustienl natnoeisin?’ ,otols sorsteld. |, ee
: qeere esowtsink-nosgaideaW of3 Gl ainzig fo 38 fdearto A OBE 528 a
- 5 Bhiegald ao ooneistdo) 41!) ve hegacl basdantacsalt goitibe 28h & “Me ae
PED: 12 +0 »todgaidesW jouttosiaen retocedsina ,sxole ae
pelineg esi ben yrogel ais " Clin qitut” .qeel -yansat mls ot :
(£6)-00€. 10d .geM .c0@ +3edH bapiyrel:
Be Boe Subssaubet. et seltinque 194¢¥ sngord ,Saeh a Askvebest a
Mm pehced) .9qQ00 Saelci0M s¥2mpo. Ietnutsé enn ab trenqgoleveb andoie
- OO ¢08 .Lfivh .eef TaaeW Ps) Seria
sdeitl boebyisl! .enexsad baslysel ta07g AT -22eL 2 mettEEW 4
€2@S-805 ,Sal-OSL , Egnhs 302 - ea
| Be osabe eatiiver a ,22s02 opsadot ,f08f LT aud9TA « Paik:
eee omnes + yechom BI: inl p8 sas
15a.
O'Neill, Hugh T. 1941. Cyperaceae of the Washington-Baltimore area
(exclusive of Carex). Mimeographed. Distributed by the Conference
on District Flora, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 8 p.
Phillips, S. W., S. O. Perkins, and H. B. Winant. 1928. Soil survey
of Anne Arundel County, Maryland. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Chem.
and Soils. Ser. 28, no. 10: 29 p., map.
Shelford, Victor E. 1963. The ecology of North America. Univ.
Illinois Press, Urbana. 610 p.
Stieber, Michael T. 1967. An annotated checklist of the vascular
flora of Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Master of Science thesis,
Catholic Univ. of America, Washington, D. C. 70 p.
os 7
prec es dena tobousé
aoe iQ @8 201 .on8 BS sx92 settee
eSbtemA ddioK Yo ygolons att .€a0i a 102919. bret
-q Of \..saKdxt arts etontl
\ ieleeey art 35 detivoud- bssesotine cA | Tart. . = fase
_yehends tomdtoe 30 re8t00H ‘baatyrad ,ytauc) isbnretA aims Go: agelt =
9 OF 2.9 0 snosgaidesw roolrs@h to vial, a
16.
Families Represented at the Chesapeake Bay Center for Field Biology
Division
and Class
Family
No.
Species
Page
Family
No.
Species
Page
Pteridophyta:
Articulatae:
Lycopodiinae:
Filicinae:
Spermatophyta:
Gymnospermae:
Angiospermae:
Monocoty-
ledonae:
Dicoty-
ledonae:
Equisetaceae
Lycopodiaceae
Ophioglossaceae
Osmundaceae
Polypodiaceae
Pinaceae
Typhaceae
Sparganiaceae
Zosteraceae
Alismataceae
Hydrocharitaceae
Gramineae
Cyperaceae
Araceae
Lemnaceae
Commelinaceae
Juncaceae
Liliaceae
Dioscoreaceae
Amaryllidaceae
Iridaceae
Orchidaceae
Saururaceae
Salicaceae
Myricaceae
Juglandaceae
Betulaceae
Fagaceae
Ulmaceae
Moraceae
Urticaceae
Polygonaceae
Chenopodiaceae
Amaranthaceae
Phytolaccaceae
Aizoaceae
Portulacaceae
Caryophyllaceae
me™N
WrRRrFOOrRNMNNAUEFENNE bY
SCrRrrWOoOWADARr FEN WwW kr Oe
Nymphaeaceae
Ranunculaceae
Berberidaceae
Magnoliaceae
Annonaceae
Lauraceae
Papaveraceae
Cruciferae
Crassulaceae
Saxifragaceae
Hamamelidaceae
Platanaceae
Rosaceae
Leguminosae
Oxalidaceae
Geraniaceae
Simaroubaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Anacardiaceae
Aquifoliaceae
Celastraceae
Aceraceae
Balsaminaceae
Vitaceae
Malvaceae
Guttiferae
Cistaceae
Violaceae
Passifloraceae
Lythraceae
Nyssaceae
Onagraceae
Haloragaceae
Araliaceae
Umbelliferae
Cornaceae
Pyrolaceae
Ericaceae
Primulaceae
Plumbaginaceae
Ebenaceae
Oleaceae
Gentianaceae
Apocynaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Convolvulaceae
Boraginaceae
e
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WUNRFNYFRPNYRFPONWANHENERPNMNRUPRP HS WWRrP ENP U RRP NY WW OHPR RP RP RP NOH NH PH OF
106
106
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109
109
110
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116
116
116
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139
140
140
140
142
143
143
144
145
145
146
146
148
148
149
149
150
150
152
#52
153
156
157
158
162
162
163
163
164
165
166
167
168
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Spa057103 4.1
He9DeeeR" ;
Spa natgano ei} Ssssvenimse
enscsceto [44 oe eee sno tive
anes iois : spgono try
en7et) fsdail 3 gsosabnal got
esevalvisi
SnS9R RRL
seooaalt
ss99R70%
924654700
soeasioryt
spaseotss
enooalyaiit
Sm TT Hm
he
»
pee
17.
Division No.
and Class Family Species Page
Dicotyledonae: Verbenaceae 4 170
(continued) Labiatae 16 172
Solanaceae 6 178
Scrophulariaceae 10 181
Bignoniaceae 1 186
Orobanchaceae 1 186
Phrymaceae 1 186
Plantaginaceae 4 186
Rubiaceae 7 187
Caprifoliaceae 8 190
Valerianceae 2 193
Campanulaceae 3 193
Compositae 72 195
Summary
Division No. No.
and Class Families Species
Pteridophyta:
Articulatae: aL af
Lycopodiinae: aL 1
Filicinae: 3 14
Spermatophyta:
Gymnospermae: 1 3
Angiospermae:
Monocotyledonae: 16 139
Dicotyledonae: 76 387
Totals: 98 545
13 species in Appendix I.
558
ekacnasd ay
er : ae
et estsical
ve. sssoanklo2
, “OL sisaaize ludqosse
F ee spscstnonght —
f seenadoasdor0 ho
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A sasoentgsiual
i sepa tdih ee
a agsondLotkxqe? mie a
£- ssopnalraley 7
E essvaluneqiml ‘
ay ossisoqmod
.
ae ah el
4 &e
. . Ciamare
08 on | aotatvid |
= - oa ol > =
asineg? sol{[ims eastd Bas ~ =—
oa
I ey A A — st noeenmcteagiiamaiaaitaiaataie apa -cacsaosueestanteameesenlituimeagtege ana (re
~ i. LG ft 5
:sivigobizsa
H = £ resipluotIzA as
: spnktbogooyt
17a.
Adventive and Introduced Species at the Chesapeake Bay Center
Pteridophyta: Liliaceae
Filicinae:
Allium vineale L.
Osmunda regalis L. Asparagus officinalis L.
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth Hemerocallis fulva L.
Narcissus poeticus L.
Spermatophyta: pseudo-narcissus L.
Gymnospermae: None Ornithogalum umbellatum L.
Angiospermae:
Monocoty- Dicotyledoneae:
ledonae:
Salicaceae
Gramineae
X Populus eugenei Simon-Louis
Anthoxanthum odoratum L.
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Mert. & Koch
Bromus commutatus Schrad. Ulmaceae
inermis Leyss.
japonicus Thunb. Ulmus procera Salisb.
racemosus L. pumila L.
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
Dactylis glomerata L. Moraceae
Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl.
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent.
Festuca elatior L. Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid.
Holcus lanatus L. Morus alba L.
Phleum pratense L.
Phragmites communis Trin. Polygonaceae
Poa annua L. :
compressa L. Polygonum aviculare L.
Secale cereale L. cespitosum Blume var.
Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. longisetum (DeBruyn)
faberii Herrm. Stewart
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. persicaria L.
Triticum aestivum L. Rumex acetosella L.
crispus L.
Cyperaceae obtusifolius L.
pulcher L.
Scirpus validus Vahl. var.
creber Fern. Chenopodiaceae
Commelinaceae Chenopodium album L.
Commelina communis L. Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus hybridus L.
spinosus L.
a igtaandy mo htte
elfeploltio aughisdad
mw avley ebilasoxemel!
DE: a-olysey
eiiedm wilegoisias
raasaobel 3091
: “ | Gesnartiag
io - gson tm
Miwoderert? Ieusgus auiugol X
mujerobo mudtnskcthind =
gook } .txeM (.0) aukisls ovtosdanaivta 7
saspanelt .batdo’ eudatuames eumorg a
) sayed etorrtak ie
, Gaiise® atesoyq eval! daudT avotnogsl) ,
ae" ot eibmudg od BISOMSHET
fi ate (.d) aolyaosb roboryo.
gaa pe von .2 etersmoly atiyjosa
a tiv (,deaiod) memoadaec atrastgra
re ks tea) gee itywang oileaossuaril igxyseD (.J) asthat sukeus le
q Beemnse (i Yak) eveitwoy atirisa - i seiasla sovtaeh ~ me
sf adis guTroh J gutsnnl ensfon ae
= wl senavesq. aeldg
ay esyoecop lot alr? atnummos 2993 inige3dd
a , al eunnd 08
a we eraivaiva munceylot ; I Sazetgaos — ee
1a = amu ld moeot! ques ; I olseys2 Sisce8.. ae
es we ) mutsalarol -vunes {.J) souelg 6is2a8- > “ie
Jravese TIS. tives : =
wh Bisa rereg .oved {..0) seneaslan eur gee |! EU
ot alflecotess xem J suvisese quoboeetio 5 ae
= ef Bvgatss r
if avlloisevsdo 2832872949. nt
ik yd 2efoing
tay -idav¥ eublinv eogriae
Saauns bogoaod] mre: 1sd9eb »
y sh agpdds mutdoqonedd
17b.
Dicotyledonae, continued:
Aizoaceae
Mollugo verticillata L.
Caryophyllaceae
Cerastium viscosum L.
vulgatum L.
Dianthus armeria L.
Lychnis alba Mill.
Silene noctoflora L.
Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo
Ranunculaceae
Clematis dioscoreifolia Levl. & Vaniot
Ranunculus bulbosus L.
Cruciferae
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
Barbarea verna (Mill.) Aschers.
vulgaris R. Br.
Cardamine hirsuta L.
Draba verna L.
Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br.
Nasturtium officinale R. Br.
Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.
Crassulaceae
Sedum sarmentosum Bunge
Rosaceae
Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke
Potentilla recta L.
Prunus avium L.
persica (L.) Batsch
Pyrus communis L.
malus L.
Rosa canina L.
micrantha Sm.
multiflora Thunb.
Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim.
Leguminosae
Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont) G. Don.
stipulacea Maxim.
Medicago lupulina L.
Melilotus alba Desr.
officinalis (L.) Lam.
Trifolium arvense L.
hybridum L.
pratense L.
procumbens L.
repens L.
Vicia angustifolia Reichard
sativa L.
tetrasperma (L.) Moench.
villosa Roth
Simaroubaceae
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
Aceraceae
Acer platanoides L.
Malvaceae
Abutilon theophrasti Medic.
Guttiferae
Hypericum perforatum L.
Violaceae
Viola kitaibeliana R. & S. var.
rafinesquii (Greene) Fern.
Onagraceae
Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell.
Haloragaceae
Myriophyllum spicatum L.
Umbelliferae
Daucus carota L.
yf pet 2) nuksen ce
«1 gutssfov 3
od abzamte aut
,ffiM sedis e
af groltetoon ‘ane
besitos pilottievugee story
a J avktes oliksy) (+2) skbee aizelietg
. ionsctt (. Q) Mrraqzetso2 a
id dia¥ neohliv segoniu ye
sotoa¥ &..ived silotterooeoth etjamelde
sandadvoyat? wt auaadiog au luosuoaet Eas
ye Cuetee) eatewtates eydisslrA gate iio 2 eg
P8e2571924 deryel |. nasi iany eiaqobtdaxA”
a -erenoea [tM) snazav sextedied
J aebtonstalg 199° é a ebtegiuy
j 2 ndueits ontmabaad ee
ata ravialt ft eovav édaad Go
~ Fete? =I vt. (.d) siteaquss. autbiqsd 9 oe
A. A otnntortio. muktiz7888 ~
NR, 7 - ‘. ; ;
ty Hh) => wit hem Pauetdqpens mols sudh ae
i : goog (.J) slartotiio, mir rdemnees ak
- saprgiveaatd |
GF musaictise molreqy! Ave ai
. egcull magsasarse ube oy
ni oyenator’
Er er ni a
ok. w etativdiesi:s alot’ ee : ‘ deans
TOG5037) Liuparatien aionod (.thmA) aalont astaanou
‘ .t sjoex allisasjo&
J wmntvs autores
donwad (,0) epteaed eG
od eT OL,
Ano RIR0"
Sees tad) atatavicg eigivbu
Dad utgatge cull eiqodret
L7G.
Primulaceae
Anagallis arvensis L.
Oleaceae
Syringa vulgaris L.
Ligustrum vulgare L.
Convolvulaceae
Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq.
purpurea (L.) Roth
Labiatae
Glechoma hederacea L. var.
micrantha Moricand
Lamium amplexicaule L.
purpureum L.
Mentha spicata L.
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
Solanaceae
Datura stramonium L.
Solanum nigrum L.
sarachoides Sendtner
Scrophulariaceae
Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud.
Verbascum blattaria L.
thapsus L.
Veronica arvensis L.
hederaefolia L.
Plantaginaceae
Plantago lanceolata L.
major L.
Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera japonica Thunb.
Valerianaceae
Valerianella olitoria (L.) Poll.
Compositae
Achillea millefolium L.
Anthemis arvensis L.
Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh.
Centaurea cyanis L.
Chondrilla juncea L.
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L.
Cichorium intybus L.
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
vulgare (Savi) Tenore
Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake
Hieracium scabrum Michx.
venosum L.
Lactuca canadensis L.
floridana (L.) Gaertn.
Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walt.)
DG
Rudbeckia serotina Nutt.
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill
Taraxacum officinale Weber
4 f-audyint muktodor? ;
; Rens v As moutestd
' Aube
z Beare taesene antatete
ak. tron
| ,& eteisberss sousoel
Vat) artebts0L?
Pp eunetutiorss auqasqod«7¢7
© Salk aubtowsa piloedbus
CLEA fd) xeqne sudonoe
fateW alentor?to miseratst
4)!
a Paani
.post te D esata seosoat
AI0% tne u soruqued:
7
<T8v- se28 1shen emotiae®
bhadiiacke) atinksabe
wl ofusobxetqus pms
+d mustegiug
+l eisokge saaaen
33th (..) aasonssayt siltiet
pasoeus. Loe
Jt micomsite setae
J mrvaic mashes
yansbrad sebhiorsaTese
esagb ite Lunges).
sa on
5uss@ (.daudT) seodmencs shewotune
J sixetseld evosedts¥
sue | eveqad? —
i ebenevais sol goav
.J oalfetesished
gant aEd
mS aSatosauet ogetanld
- oak satan
18.
EQUISETACEAE
Equisetum arvense L. Common Horsetail
Java Farm. One station: rubble of ruined house at main building
area. Hectare 2580. Higman 752.
LYCOPODIACEAE
Lycopodium complanatum L. var. flabelliforme Fern. Groundpine
Java Farm. Moderately abundant on north- and west-facing slopes
of ridge between Muddy Creek valley and main building area. Hectares
2477, 2478, 2487. Canopy of mature Pinus virginiana, Fagus grandifolia,
Liriodendron tulipifera, Liquidambar styraciflua, etc. Higman 489.
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
Botrichium
1. Sterile blade sessile, about midway on the stalk;
plant fruiting in spring. (Also, divisions of the
sterile blade spatulate and serrate or cleft)......... B. virginianum
1. Sterile blade on a petiole half the height of the
stalk; plant fruiting in autumn.
(Species typically has divisions of the sterile
blade cleft into many linear notched teeth; in
forma obliquum the divisions are broader and
erenate=-serrulatettoient tre) ies sy... free tere coat elaieel ate B. dissectum
Botrichium virginianum (L.) Sw. Rattlesnake Fern
Java Farm. Moderately abundant in mature upland forest west of
Muddy Creek valley. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Carya tomentosa,
Quercus alba, Liriodendron tulipifera, etc. Associate species:
Botrichium dissectum.
Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in mature forest of central
Scaffold Peninsula. Canopy resembles that at Java Farm but lacks
Fagus grandifolia. Same associate species. Higman 1241.
Botrychium dissectum Spreng. (typical) Grape Fern
Java Farm. Infrequent in same habitat as B. virginianum above.
Also one station at north edge of Phalaris arundinacea meadow and base
of south-facing slope (hectare 2469). Higman 155.
B. dissectum forma obliquum (Muhl.) Fern.
(var. obliquum (Muhl.) Clute)
Java Farm. One station along northern border between Muddy Creek
Road gate and Muddy Creek. Associated with typical form above.
Ivy Neck. One station on Cheston Peninsula, in mature stand of
Pinus taeda. Hectare 5719. Higman 1101, 1102.
aued Stok ba ae ptidduy nodtase. ‘9x0 ‘sore!
SEN mangth OBES, oe
cammaveomons |
—
hist omotifiedsl? .mv .1 autempiqmos gl
daisy’ has <d2x0nr #0 Toebsvds etaaaenoen nee: evel.
sie pakbiiad - nism bee voliev f5e90 ‘ybbull aeswiad et
‘ pus toliniv gupnit asutem. Ip -¢qonsd GOS, OtAS - otis
ff - ae ,stibosry33 , tedmebiupht , BrSR i tot fa. eosubaost
GAAIA2CTOOINGO os
me | Ve ww: bile 5}: ss od we as
om ley sHigte B83 mo yawhim Jueds ,sLieese shbeid siliede be
as ; autiio anetetvib nA) anivas ni ygkiivai-2eeige
UES > - - os = J ” .
| pelonkataxiv SE peeeee yes (Field YO 5487792 ban sfeiusece abald sitrvasp
*ftorl efotiea # oo pbetd, sitwe2é ye
r sitio stated sis
a anotva af, gnbsaust Yoslq ~oister
me ste aft Yo Keotetvib esd yilestqys astoaqe) & ee |
i waa Hert: tnenii yasm otml t3af> sbal die 3 we
sgeheotd ern agotsivrh siz wmuotids error {
‘
; : Musoepel «8 Wie oie ol {(sy¥)300.03 si slyti t-S3BNSI9
| _ : Lad
fret esunen(tse%7 we dq nigiiv muinokt sat
7 fe Seow gesrei bnslqu ee | TB (sjszeboM | rst cont i
| ,BEOINS TO? Bywed: st lo}! on ts eugei to yqe fed seas lev xee7D vbbutt
festosga siatoonrs »eteiigtius mo; zbisboi th) | BS28 go is peer
Hawsnes 2c saanot: ssvian ci s7sbaude Yiaseisbolt., -ApaMoges
; . Nedsal god wisi eye je Jets esidmeast Peat: -niasained bloltss8)
(Aff camgit .xslosge stetzoees set -eifotthanyy Simei
fxe% Ssqsto- (isstev?) .pnesaé gutoseath moidoyesonoumm
sSvods | ty .€ sa desided omae at Javupaying “smret evel 955
send bas segankbaurs abisiedd Yo sabe dizos Ae ia toe ro ostA |
v | 1, 2eL noah .(edes. et 3290) anc ts -tjgoa to
We
OSMUNDACEAE
Osmunda
1. Sterile and fertile fronds bipinnate, the sterile with
Simple pinnmules....eccccsescceseccccevcccesesceveseess Of regalis
1. Sterile fronds once pinnate, with pinnatifid pinnae;
fertile fronds separate, cinnamon-colored, densely
WOOLY. ce reeeecercreerececcecvcecsecccevevccscccvcvoeses Of Cinnamomea
Osmunda regalis L. var. spectabilis (Willd.) Gray
(var. not in Britton & Brown) Royal Fern
Java Farm. One station: Ravine on east-facing slope between
Fox Point Road and Fox Creek estuary. Hectare 3544. Canopy of Pinus
virginiana. Associate species: Osmunda cinnamomea. Higman 516.
0. cinnamomea L. Cinnamon Fern
Java Farm. Principal station on north shore of Hog Island
near junction with salt marsh. Hectare 3582. Canopy of Quercus
prinus, Q. alba, etc. Second station in Hog Island salt marsh near
border of mainland. Hectare 3572. Partial canopy of young
Quercus falcata, Q. stellata, Q. phellos. Third station at east-
facing slope between Fox Point Road and Fox Creek estuary. Hectare
3544 (same site as 0. regalis above). Canopy of Pinus virginiana.
Higman 104, 442, 515.
POLYPODIACEAE
1, Indusium obsolete,
2. Fronds leathery, evergreen, simply pinnatifid.
Expected (Polypodium).
2. Fronds herbaceous, deciduous, 2- to 4-times
pinnate or pinnatifid.
3. Rhizome short and stout, forming a crown; fronds
lanceolate, in vase-like clumps.......-.++...-.. Athyrium
3. Rhizome slender, long and forking; fronds deltoid
or broader, solitary or scattered.........+.+++. Dryopteris
1. Indusium present.
4, Indusium formed by revolute margin of the frond.
Expected (Pellaea, Cheilanthes, Dennstaedtia).
4, Indusium not formed by margin of frond, either dorsal
or marginal.
“hws eitsete ait ,pdekobgtd ebooxst slivers bn’ ‘gfirga2. &
; SES be chiar aeamnmremnainai sp oleae
qaennta brstosonke atiw ,atadatq soto ahnext ctr
ae yianneh “fsgoino-—sommenks .SJeseqoe ‘sbaogt sligget: &
Fea sii ca prs ne NOME -
ao SPM AMAMA tale ps ee ks iat es Ena F
niet qero (.bLLi) adindagos 498 «78 | a: eatgseg: :
awsT, ieyot- ae Caw ord" ) nora ak son S84),
ee or, | noseyad sqols bagan?- jane no sotveh tnotieje 9n0 ais4 svat
ie gunk Ro yaenn? i heeb axeiosH |. eteutas fess) xo fae bec Jabot 3ee
Yosda gtetooeré - eek
[gent woweth .z3momnock> sboume0 +98)
ri itoeiecaale al Soom rth S) “fh ‘
x ina : ‘ Ais =
hnptet. gel Sy eyode farom so coltase Logiont*: wet BYVAL Kee
e193 Ro vqruel)) wiG2l- stesoed ietem dies dole soljsonh seam
» ‘ies. boelal gol of ceksade brosec....299 sete “ (RYOTE, |
Shan Hirt sic
Sto gvédseH -,babinkes.t0 rebrad, .
* giucy So ygoneo Late -s\:
~3 2 3 eeO4 43 0 .pjniisia, .0 Lat rae
. aad a aolteds byrdl Atay 2 «828 g22a,.0 ,Bis2Lar exo touQ: ttl
: ( ete sup!) ~¥aIsuse6 teen) “O48 bas baad gokol xo¥ asowsed Sune ‘gutoes:” “a
bateshegsty pubis to yqorm Aevod: silage: .0 26 9958 sond) Ste
= che ,SAé , S01 aomgkt Gee
F
>
.
)
z
SASQATOUTYI0S
srstoede es Tah ae
1
ee
asstaievs ,yxedieel ebnost a
Koustboay os) bed onqaet
»bLil deans: ¢
epaki~e. « S$ puoubtoeh ,ewoesadiad show S-
bitidenntg <2 ofennigq-
ehdort piwoxD 6 animyel ,tvose bas Jz0ne amoztit ,€
/ ‘museviloh Ter ee oes. @qow is sqii-saav ar , stniosored ‘ i"
0) ¢ = } P F
: . blogieh.abuors? qpeteso}. bne- gaat qabosde emostdd. ee 7
ar Shxeogey7G yaw ees walsh a sshors33508 0 ematloa »rabaotd 71. _
— .
aks ‘as sina ata do
Pris
/
20.
5. Indusium borne beneath the sorus, surrounding its
base as a saucer-shaped structure.
6. Fertile and sterile fronds similar, not rigid.
Expected (Woodsia, Dennstaedtia).
6. Fertile and sterile fronds very dissimilar, stiff,
the sterile much larger, the fertile erect and rigid.
7. Fronds forming tall vase-like clumps, the sterile
and fertile simply pinnate. Expected (Pteretis).
7. Fronds solitary or scattered, the sterile
coarsely pinnatifid, the fertile bi-
PANNA’ ChcKeel eke siete eerste) ciclcislie elec) ee lels wieleersieleiaieieiere a ONOGLea
5. Indusium spreading above or outside the sorus.
8. Indusium attached at center, orbicular to reniforn.
9. Indusium shield-shaped, without a sinus...... Polystichum
9. Indusium reniform or with deep sinus......... Dryopteris
8. Indusium attached at margin, linear or oblong
to crescent-shaped. (Also, sori parallel to
oblique lateral veins).
10. Fronds deciduous, pinnate to tripinnate;
stipes flat, angled or furrowed............. Athyrium
10. Fronds evergreen, pinnate (in species
collected); stipes slender, nearly terete... Asplenium
Athyrium
Fronds bi- to tripinnate; sori roundish or reniform;
indusium crescent-sShaped....ecescsecereccesccceceeseees A. filix-femina
Fronds simply pinnate or deeply bipinnatifids; sori
straight or nearly so. Expected (A. pycnocarpon).
A. filix-femina
Rhizome compact, covered with persistent old stipe-
bases; frond widest near middle; indusia toothed, if
ciliate the hairs not gland-tipped. (Also, fertile
fronds more leathery and contracted than the sterile;
MACUGEMSOG CONF UEMIt) se cteerehens ei ckeheletelrelerss chereierelersietelsleleretaeie Vale much auxeel
Rhizome horizontally creeping, with few or no stipe-
bases; frond widest toward base; indusia ciliate, the
Ci TaneUand tipped. «ac sic ecleicis sie/¢ el Sieeieie civic esleisisleseieivie. Vals asplentoldes
ae Gathabacts: ees Dias: sities Bae 4 ska -
si dl bag 5479" slitast “ota stegtel dois alt team a
att yese ait. aquest aait-sesv fls2 waksios eboor’, ra ee a a |
+Cgkt97929) Slat iad sogsnokq ylqnia sltoxre? bas opi
“gitsete aft guaeed. oa) wisiitoe ‘ebroxt x
nm’ ckd olftust oz ,bititennt zisarspo
neloand BRN cancpinscoes yn ce ae
os
I
seuxyes of7 sbistue to svods guibestqe mbeubal
\@rmoltnes oy teleotdzs seine. ts -banosszis mot ural +8
Manedaelo§ ......audie » suodtiw .baqada-biside ateubal se |
PiSRIGOTsT «6+ ..,8unte goed dilw zo mroitasy mteobal # h Bie
0 aps0il ,mkarem jn bsdoe33o metavbel
[{svaq trow ,orlA) .baqsde-tneces75-03
.(antoy fareint. syptido
‘soetniqit? oF sienniq ,everbt eboors, OF
muted 3A see tbeteues, RQWONIUD To bolens it. aeql2e
bat sae m7) Janalq ,nestTgzeve sbn0727
SA ,.-879792 Yiveor baste eeqije | (hatosiion
suliyaiA
= =e
tmrotive: +o daibaves rroe jadenniqks2 of aid “pbio1T«
LIU CUTER TTLELEPTIEETT TE ee au savtinky
Parga <okildannialid : af yo le 7ateike viqmnke —
»(gogze2ONIYG «4) betoagn OR vizaen 10 Idakarse a
£ X m = : <=
anloed-Aais2. »f
-sqiia blo 2uejetessg dsty bersyoo «Joaquin
3t ,bsdiooy slevint jofbbie 1s95 teabiw baodd
atta2s3 Gets) .beqgty-best,. a at
yeltseth edd feds barontJaos ban |
Dales
A. filix-femina (L.) Roth var. michauxii
(Spreng.) Farw. (var. michauxii Mett.) Lady Fern
Ivy Neck. One station: mature stand of Pinus taeda on Cheston
Peninsula. Hectare 5719. Higman 1103.
A. filix-femina var. michauxii form rubellum Farw.
(A. angustum var. rubellum Butters)
Java Farm. One station: along Muddy Creek entrance road, at
culvert of small tributary of Muddy Creek. Hectare 2497. Canopy
of Platanus occidentalis. Higman 480.
A. filix-femina var. asplenioides (Michx.) Farw.
(A. asplenioides A. Eaton)
Java Farm. One station: floor of tributary valley of Muddy
Creek, slightly upstream from Hog Island salt marsh. Hectare 3530.
Canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, Liriodendron tulipifera,
Liquidambar styraciflua. Higman 456.
Dryopteris
1. Rhizome slender, forking, long; fronds thin, annual, scat-
tered; stipe slender, naked or with scales 1-6 mm. long.
2. Fronds long-lanceolate, with 17 to 46 pairs of pinnae
the lowest pinnae shorter than to equalling the
middle ones.
3. Lateral veins of segments of sterile fronds
forking; indusia glabrous or long-ciliate,
NOt glandular.....csccscecesccerecsccveccrseceee De thelypteris
3. Lateral veins of segments of sterile fronds
simple; indusia finely glandular-ciliate,
(Also, 23) to) 46. pairs of pinnae) a.) ..00, cece vel eerciene Dy NOVeEbOracensiuls
2. Fronds triangular to triangular-ovate, simple or
with 8-30 pairs of pinnae, the lowest pinnae longest.
Expected (D. hexagonoptera). See Appendix I, p. 228.
1. Rhizome stout, short; fronds firm to evergreen, forming
terminal crowns; stipe stout, with abundant basal
scales .5-3.5 cm. long. (Also, lowest pinnae mostly
over 2 cm. long and 1 cm. wide; indusia not overlapping).
4, Frond tripinnate or tripinnatifid, firm, evergreen;
teeth’ of frond segments bristle-tipped.... 0... 0 Ds idilatata
4, Frond bipinnate or bipinnatifid, firm to leathery,
deciduous; teeth of segments not bristle-tipped.
(Also, sori not marginal; fertile fronds much
taltervand marrower than ‘the ‘sterile).). 0... -.1.0. De Crastata
orpatanga ae deere
aes 36 bose
é eeenir baat iOrse sTK F208
wwe au s gulledus aged pbuied aim. .20y.
(agedaud syllsdss tev camry
bs docs ‘sonexdst6 hoard ebbult aaole :norde ia and : pera sval:
Pees. seaisel Stetauil tess) ybbuM to yresudixvi i leas Yo pene.
vO088: semahh eieuabi 2 ure 3 seal 8 "3
Re
iM) eebt: plasiqar B nay: “pet mst—xt
{motn® ,A Silels EGER is
yhbum to qaliav wragodiys io rool? tno} isie any) eyet evel or
nen Siavegh ,deran tise hostel goH worl meezauqu jiaightat tas20 :
Smeeanmese? Hoxbrebolst) . oils 2uoteud ,sitoibbasry gused te gamed :
jee agenii auliloaxy se
aitstqeyxt
Jeon _Luucta. mid? ebrox) janol ,goiazot .sobneis emostdh sk
,en0k me Q-l galgoe ditw va hedeaq. <isiasia sqice qbarag
-osnnaig 14 atteq 4/ Vi date stoaviel-eaol abnor
Si santifsiups of asds 27 smote jeawol sd9
,3906, slbbin
vient? elevbat
azisq dé 93
19 alqata,, sievo-seldgnsiss of 36lusnétya abso?
s3¢egnol senciq saswol sid ,ssanitq 15 .e710q Of-0 ade
BES so’, F xthasqgA ac2 . .(ersigonoga xed -.0) betoegal
guiwieh jaie7gzevs 03 wxti ebootl gatode ,Juoge smoReae
leased imabauds Atiw ,2v0t20 egtin jadwors isetatag +
yignow seaniq jaevol sonia) aol 0 Reint, sekaaa) |
(artaqilsevo Jonglavbat zobiw .oo J an ws th Aa
paswrQreys wile” ,b2iisennigia 10
. ik dada lia oe. stip ~ataninds ,
ede
Dryopteris thelypteris (L.) Gray var. pubescens
(Lawson) nakai
(Thelypteris palustris Schott.
var. pubescens (Lawson) Fern. ) Marsh Fern
Java Farm. Infrequent. Principal station in Typha latifolia
salt marsh at upstream end of tidal portion of Muddy Creek. Hectare
3403. Also in ravines on east-facing slope between Fox Point Road and
Fox Creek estuary. Hectares 3543, 3544, Canopy of Pinus virginiana.
Higman 286, 524,
D. noveboracensis (L.) Gray
(I. noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl) New York Fern
Java Farm. One station: source of Fox Creek drainage at north
boundary, west of new entrance gate. Hectare 2573, Canopy of young
Ulmus americana, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Juglans nigra.
Higman 317.
D. dilatata (Hoffmann) Gray
(D. spinulosa (0. F. Muell) Watt, var.) Florist's Fern
Java Farm. One station: near western apex of triangular area
west of old Muddy Creek Road. Hectare 2470. Level ground adjacent
marsh; canopy of mature Fagus grandifolia. A rare species in this
region. Higman 251.
D. cristata (L.) Gray Crested Woodfern
Java Farm. One station: bottom of Muddy Creek valley. Canopy
of mature Fraxinus americana, Platanus occidentalis. Higman 74.
Onoclea
Onoclea sensibilis L. Sensitive Fern
Java Farm. Two stations: bank of Muddy Creek upstream from
culvert of old entrance road. Canopy of Platanus occidentalis,
Fagus grandifolia, Fraxinus americana. Also found along deep, narrow
ditch of Fox Creek drainage. Higman 182, 325.
Polystichum
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott. Christmas Fern
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant on shaded slopes.
Found along trail at north border between Muddy Creek and old entrance
gate, in forest overlooking Rhode River and north side of Fox Creek
salt marsh, and on east-facing slope west of main buildings. Grows
under a variety of hardwood canopies. Higman 160, 161, 237, 376, 497.
ada Comghoniat pert) 109
: bbs to sotteog Inbit 29 hns mastiegs
wa208 xo’ gaswied egole gainst-Ses9 m0 gantvex~
in REE gE SCE slgiabaec
te: dlyo¥ wall
dro 2 agnnte1b A491), xol tc aoxice :coktate sac
ee sad yqoma) .£{¢S exet79 eda someting wort ie) tenw att
spats ssatayl bos ,Gutitoeryie wearrenes Semen
4 Nak
usta (ansaitoH) aaaiete
HGF a Qetro0lt eu (anv ,39e8W (ifeuM, ...% 4,0), saoluntae
——
gens aalugssty4 to xeqn. wrese2su Yesn aoiaste snd "| petal vets
Wisostha Daversa fevel,.OVsS essicaH .bsoff desad wbboM fa ta tas,
pidd hi paiasge over A. .aiiotthnary avast sTudpg, to, Yqoue> {AeTei
bakin ek. apmyth i
BIAYhooW bese972 wad. Cad) asaaeka Gg
Meege? «vellsy-dees) ybbiet to weti0 ~ troitsie sa0 vate: evel _ is
Ot meng callejesblovo avepjall ,sospbiems augkenss srdem ao.
Aavey avitiensc
@ox? waexydequ 4ee22 vbbuif jo Sand :anotitaje owT -wist evel
g@ilatnsbiogs guna ret jo ygoneD .heox sscezIne blo 26 Ripa
Worsne pane garcia. brivdi Ostk -acankvemp Binixas? , ele
. (@S6 Sl cemglhi .eyaniei6 1a xOT 2o
muhotteylod ws
yatedo® (oxi) seit
23%
Asplenium
Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes Ebony Spleenwort
Java Farm. Infrequent. Found along trail at north border
between Muddy Creek and old entrance gate, in old fields, and on bank
overlooking salt marsh at northeast corner of Farm.
Ivy Neck. One station on bank overlooking halophytic area at
Sand Point, on Cheston Peninsula. Hectare 4860. Higman 143, 162,
1647) 209), 21:8) -470), 875.
PINACEAE
1, Leaves opposite or in 3's, scale-like; fruit
berry-Like, blue and glaucouS.). 015 ).i. wscslsccs wee ec cece es JUNIperuS
1. Leaves sheathed in fascicles; fruit a woody cone...... Pinus
Juniperus
Juniperus virginiana L. var. crebra Fern. & Grisc. Redcedar
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant along roads and
fences, in old fields, and in a variety of hardwood forest types.
Infrequent in dry, halophytic areas and salt marshes. Higman 112,
sie) ALLS Oe
Pinus
1. Needles 14-25 cm. long; cone scales with stout spine.. P. taeda
1. Needles usually shorter than 12 cm.; cone scales with awl-shaped
spine.
2. Needles in 3's. Expected (P. rigida, P. serotina).
2. Needles in 2's.
3. Twigs glaucous; needles 7-12 cm. long; spine of cone
scale 1 mm. long, weak. Expected (P. echinata).
3. Twigs brown, not glaucous; needles 4-8 cm.
long; spine of cone scale 2-3 mm. long,
-Lirm, straight Ore Lecurvedici. cies. oleic sleleciiee eee oo) Pe Mirginiana
by Wasok $a, hex gaois biter ee “ere Sve
a ibistt, blo mt .s0Ag: somsaans, bLo bog emp Tiers
,mist 2h wac169 jannits 107 +8, eee, pine ,
neat,
fhe abaudqnind phe ie Seve 310 aotiste ent oat. 5 ee
F abe Hang .088) srajsot ,elusdinet sodas) mo _2are
eats Ove “ats Ad) :
pee wae es QUGOURLS Boe au id uber
Re epevpe cee eoeee et ®
i | | |
ef.) ED eee oI: yboow a dlutl ;ssiotoeet | bertdsone ‘oll
eed Et
avrg rag =
|
. .
i sabanbot .2eiy) 6 .c79% oydeto «sev ,J anatobeyty auaag tout
brie ebso% goola toabmuds ylosayseocM 19% wrt Ens aed aves,
2060) Jeetol bocwbiad fo Yeriev ut bus ,sbiet} ble ab ,assmane
end nome ti eodevua tlae bot @enete stavicoisd yxb ra JyeuDe t REE Parnes
OLEL, , Ces
nC
G
a3 ay
— Suns
sn0 anol yep 28-81 eelbes see
bags .7 ..ariqe Jiose date eelese snea :gfol m2 Cores. }
5 . 7 =e ’
satens anos =» SI med? tedtode vileveu seilbsetiige ss
hagela-lws ditw aoino: oD > .m dj = bet: r bast
skye —
ugisosee «7 .sbtatr..3) bejosqul o£ at eslbsst soe
wats oF eolhaet MS.
@nos-to wolve ;ynol .mo SI-* eslhesn j;evosonty agiwt ©:
Apjanidcs .%) baioegx3 -sesw ,gnol .mm f slene
on > f-* gethssn (avoquelg Jon, » nd 7 .
‘ ,gool .om ¢-S alaca sA05 ie means ee i has
ieee ater aiay ss an Pa Ae pheniaet
i ‘wt
24.
Pinus taeda L. Loblolly Pine
Java Farm. Infrequent; mature stand on south-facing slope of
ridge, west of main buildings and below water tank. Scattered through
canopy of mature Pinus virginiana, Fagus grandifolia, and Quercus
alba on adjacent west-facing slope. Young individuals scattered in
old fields.
Ivy Neck. Mature, planted stand on lower Cheston Peninsula.
Higman 41, 415, 508, 574, 649,
P. virginiana Mill. Virginia Pine,
Scrub Pine
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Frequently dominates understory of
Quercus prinus forest; infrequent to moderately abundant in old
fields, there associated with Robinia pseudoacacia, Liquidambar
styraciflua, Acer rubrum, etc.
Java Farm. Dominant or co-dominant on west-facing slope
overlooking old entrance road, and along Fox Point Road near base of
Fox Point Peninsula. Higman 265.
TYPHACEAE
Typha
1. Staminate and pistillate parts of the spike contiguous;
pistillate part 1.5 to 3,5 cm. in diameter... 00.0 2. latifolia
1. Staminate and pistillate parts of the spike separated;
pistillate part 6 to 12mm. in, diameter. 0. ors oes Le angustifolia
Typha latifolia L. Common Cattail
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Abundant or moderately abundant in
salt marshes near heads of estuaries and at the landward margins
of more saline marshes. Associate species: Dryopteris thelypteris
(co-dominant in one marsh near head of tidal portion of Muddy Creek),
Scirpus americanus (co-dominant in marsh at head of Cheston Creek estuary),
Hibiscus palustris, Kosteletzkya virginica, Panicum virgatum
(infrequent at landward margins of other salt marshes). Higman 90.
T. angustifolia L. Narrow-leaved Cattail
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant near
landward margins of salt marshes. Associate species: Typha
latifolia. Higman 211, 533.
oy basta bednely ,oruast ee yd ’
POR GAVe (800 eak aah
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ie ‘guedevebau aetsnimeh yinesupest .xoev yvi bas ais’ a: Ms
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gadmia hops seivereobuseg sinidad Witw baru
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ms Me eked ener Seol tntot xo7 gnoia bis .baor sosaving: blo guiscol ero
eo - ,288 sapgik sien ined jakod xom!
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ye shetevaqes siige o12 to otelltsate bow stantmed@ wi
gphois seugoe . a roe .)..vetomahbh ai eo SL of 0, ixsq etn litaaig
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Spessa2 wend : wl giloities sigyt-
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at torbauds ylovawbem 1 tnehavds fost. yvt bos mtal avet
eeiguae bruwhes! whl 2% bon Bel tsa ho 0 ebast ase0 estarEn el
Penge] pivezqoysd ¢' siooqa staloneeA .#ofievem etiiiss syom 2005
ax2 © $6 goriiog isbti 20 beed ses0 devas end as srinahiobanaial
ee wees aoteec.) to basi ts deter ot toanimob~po) sumepttems i
nour msiasi ,soteisity § eva x aolareor abtssuiog sesete
,0¢ wean 3 tlea vadjo to eainrea biswbael ta. Sasupee
aha
a esiatedntcnn! 3 susupexant alot it tat
Bagel sesinege stmtocess -esdatem Mae waa 3o.m
ai eat
2s
SPARGANTACEAE
Sparganium
Sparganium eurycarpum Engelnm. Burreed
Ivy Neck. One station: large clump on dried mud bottom of
cut-off pond on Cheston Peninsula. Hectare 4880. Associate species:
Rumex verticillatus, Sambucus canadensis, Sium suave. Higman 944,
ZOSTERACEAE
1. Flowers in spikes or on a long axis.
2. Spike more than 2-flowered, raised above the
stipule in anthesis; carpels in fruit sessile...... Potamogeton
2. Spike 2-flowered, enclosed in the sheathing leaf
base in anthesis; carpels in fruit raised on slender
stalks. Expected (Ruppia).
EM OWETS sax MMlalray, sae, enctlelieeneraleieiehelslsisveiclelolsveielcieuevelehalsieralevers tee Cannelcheldleita
Potamogeton
Potamogeton perfoliatus L.
var. bupleuroides (Fern.) Farw. Pondweed
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Abundant in estuaries. Associate
species: Myriophyllum spicatum. Higman 272, 1009.
Zannichellia
Zannichellia palustris L. Horned Pondweed
Ivy Neck. One station: cut-off pond on Cheston Peninsula.
Higman 1154.
ALISMATACEAE
1. Carpels in a single ring, strongly flattened; style
on the ventral margin of the carpel, below the tip;
flowersvall” perbects ‘Stamen's oO. sis-c:ereieis) sis.c/e\eee so oletel een eAU Ede STal
1. Carpels in dense heads; style apical; upper flowers
staminate (or all either staminate or pistillate);
SEAMEMS! TUMETHOUS . ci «0 0 0 clei sielic' ceo cece reece ec vcceseseevee oagpittaria
Nar
ore
iste aricaay A my
4360 6 boa. bsish ra quvia sere sHoldese eno 2 :
OBB . statoet | .slvasiss? gotesdd mo. haoq 3 tev4u9
apveue mts ~Siensbess> apoudaes ss
HARZOARSTEON
Anes fis is tees
8 1.3 mit “vids. boetes ,berawoli-< aeds stom eakee '.&
fosagownso% DuwretScteeen Sluyi nt -sieytes peteedas nk olugtte
beet gotdsesrte oid of bssoloms ,barewolt-§ alga ti et
; repeaia oo boelet siuscl al alsqvar setesitae pAb seed : h
»(stqqua) beinsqed, i .tallese eS see
| (sigaué qu oat eh:
Be 1 OT Se ss .avinilixe exewold te
OM EoISRoueI o's
; : ie
aujetlotzeg sojagogtigd | >a
iyawbood ewes s-.(.r75 3) sebtoxveloud ie 67, aa a
li Bid i oewedA awivravdes 7 mmbouda s¥-ev!l bas miei svet i
ik OO! S05 mamgl ..megsoiqe muligdqoryyM » Seekers -
is a —
i BFA £9 91 AGS -
a.
Beewinet, ba niei 3 etsjeulng shifedotanss
, :
Pewenemess Gmdend) as brug, 230-309 dokjase am 899% ped
POST nema
SARQATANC TIA
eiyde jbanetsel] ylignorte ,goty olgote @ wt
terd offs woisd ,isqiso oft ie akgoan- ee
a ae 279G633, paget seg Cie,
at ‘wzqwold ssa Lpebe ate vebeod: ke
j{eislitzetq wo stenhanse oredahe
POCeRT Teed Terre serene hewenee
26.
Alisma
Alisma subcordatum Raf. Mud-plantain
Ivy Neck. One station: shore of small cut-off pond on Cheston
Peninsula, south of Sand Point. Hectare 5800. Associate species:
Rumex verticillatus, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Echinochloa walteri,
Galinsoga ciliata. Higman 946.
Sagittaria
Sagittaria latifolia Willd.
var. pubescens (Muhl.) J. C. Sm. Duckpotato
Java Farm. One station: dry, sandy bed of north fork of Muddy
Creek, upstream from culvert of old entrance road, near barrier of
piling (collected during drought). Hectare 2467. Canopy of Platanus
occidentalis, Fagus grandifolia, and Liriodendron tulipifera. Under-
story chiefly Lindera benzoin. Associate species: Impatiens capensis,
Polygonum arifolium. Also observed in the freshwater part of Fox
Creek marsh. Hectare 3526. Higman 1056.
GRAMINEAE
Key to the Tribes
1. Spikelets 1- to many-flowered; articulation above the glumes
except in Oryzeae.
2. Plants woody; culms perennial.........eseeeceeeeeess Bambuseae (Expected)
2, Plants herbaceous; culms annual.
3. Spikelets 3-flowered, with 2 rudimentary florets
below the perkect ONE. «cicie oie.e:s 0 e100 wishes cieleis siee ee ae (Nalarddeaem(pe. 28)
3. Spikelets 1- to several-flowered, with no rudi-
mentary florets below the perfect one (but
sometimes above it).
4. Spikelets unisexual; plants monoecious.
5. Pistillate spikelets embedded in joints of
the rachis... .sccscocscscoseseenssscseseee Lripsaceae (p. 28)
| erasost sdnkas *Anae 20 sion
ae isi ss ohaal x
RAagtoud 8.0. wh (, Eelunt) aiteaaads
WEROM Ao Axo} A2t0n To bad ydowe .yxb ccolista 20 sat all
(20 aeluved xse0 ,heot sonstinas blo Yo tnsvine moy?-mpomtege
, F306 euorkO LCOS Sxescen . (adguorh gotsib: paiseltos)
spxetigi ios northysbolyt.. bos ESOL ESL RS | auget "ake
Boetseqn Aare viainozaA = .ntosned & J it
i Szeq seIewilndyi Sid Ai bavrendo oalA «mitiod UO SY,
O00) onagth 6820 s#sicek~. degen
SS
. pa a
bemalg a3 svode aotiolioltys Gbevwoll-_yosm of =f \ezeladtage
gggey20 ak 1q93%8
: ‘ 7 4
i 06 (bet 90qx3) CD a +++. félagssaq emtiuo eghoow ajnpk® ‘<—
ene aulio j2uossadiet sins tT 6h j
atevol? yracwamlbir 2 dttiw ,bosawolt-€ eda lodge a ae |
ESS ED a reno,_330379q 2a3 wolad),
=thuy on Wdiw ,bexswolt-lLatevos os -I sisisdtge pi -
jud) ago Jostysq adi woled etsiclt vistas)
«(1 svods eomijeaoe
-avoloeonos siaslq ;lauxsatou asotodige
fo ‘minto! at bsbiadus~asalediqn Prien
aM eye Orde aees rece wesccnenpeere ene
2.
5. Pistillate spikelets not embedded in the
joints of the rachiss..c.s.csesceccceecesee Lizanieae (Expected)
4, Spikelets perfect or, if umnisexual, the
plants dioecious.
6. Glumes minute or wanting; articulation
bellowmthems . js. twee ssi lecwe sews es, Oryzeaea(pen 2d)
6. Glumes, or at least one of them, well-
developed; articulation above them.
7. Spikelets sessile; rachis continuous
except in Hordeum.
8. Spikelets on opposite sides of the
rachis; spikes terminal, solitary.... Hordeae (p. 29)
8. Spikelets on one side of the rachis;
spikes digitate or racemose.......... Chlorideae (p. 31)
7. Spikelets pedicellate, in open, con-
tracted, or spikelike panicles, rarely
in racemes. (Spikelets subsessile in
Phleum).
9. Spikelets usually 1-flowered......... Agrostideae (p. 33)
9. Spikelets 2- to several-flowered.
10. Glumes as long as the lowest
floret, usually as long as the
spikelets; lemmas awned from the
back (awnless in Sphenopholis,
awned between the teeth of a
bifid apex in Danthonia)......... Aveneae (p. 35)
10. Glumes, or at least one of them,
shorter than the first floret;
lemmas awnless or awned from the
tip, or from the back just below
the tip, or from between the
teeth of a bifid apex............ Festuceae (p. 37)
a
scree sande 22 one woled
“Ilow ,modi to seo 3eesf Ja 10 ,asmtD >
sna svoda cotiaiuo bias. pheqolsyeb
avountiieo aldony :siteess siolstigg ..s vier
j mmuebaoH ol tEs3Ks ~ ee ee
eat to aeabla sileoqqgo. as
i :
~- o&) — ena cpinse loa iatatad wodlqe taldoex
“ : ; t. 4 dat mat? hee
aa telqoes $03 %56 abts 8096 Oo e18l542i¢¢ a
7 ae ere. ; te eine Pa rt ee a ‘ -
© ATE: .@) PD ois es en se GROMSCRT YO StAITSID asaiqa_..: af
un be 1G - <
:
]
oe ane “oe .saqa mt ,sisilesthsq asslodige \
viovay ,eolotnaq Sdtiaxiqs to ,bs2oBT2
Ss Ral) : ; ‘
i a) wileeaedve saaiatiac) 2eneaost ot
7 :
« (BS 5 ¢
7 0 ee &
‘. : %
7 : ue ‘ 7
ie hinges (tf wflianey, ataiox ¢ v sae
(ge . OMON sd. +aresDStawolt=f yilsuen sisioxtge .
oF . P ns t %
batawoli~(s7sve 2 -8 “etsledige .t
j ; | geswol oa qo eat ee eomlD Uf
: i a“ ¢ srw: m is we
1 laws) Acad ae iw
56 bSaows aie
ba ual ‘ SG bitid i
‘ ad “OL
,msid Yo'so0 jeasl js xo ,eSmsid
tse7ol? sexta so osdd st547oile
6a9 stort bomen to arelows. esamed
woled iaui Axosd add mort te ,qia
~ adi asewisd sori 10 ,qths sda
Wa? Beeouiest .........+-.x0qn blitd w io Aaaed
28.
1. Spikelets with 1 perfect terminal floret and one
imperfect or sterile lower floret; articulation below
the glumes.
11. Spikelets paired, one sessile and perfect, the
other pediceled and staminate, sterile, or
WANTING. ccccccccveverevccscrccsesevecvccscceveveese Andropogoneae (p. 45)
11. Spikelets single (or in rows om one side of a
continuous rachis in Digitaria and Paspalum)...... Paniceae (p. 47)
Phalarideae
1. Lower florets reduced to small, awnless, scale-like
lemmas, smaller than the fertile florets; glumes
equal, sometimes winged on the keel.......eeeeecccccce Phalaris
1. Lower florets consisting of awned, hairy, sterile
lemmas exceeding the fertile floret; glumes very
UNEGUAL. .ccccerccevercsecrevccronsvescesesscesesecvece Anthoxanthum
Phalaris
Phalaris arundinacea L. Reed Canary-grass
Java Farm. Abundant in somewhat marshy 5-acre meadow north of
main buildings. Infrequent on roadsides near main buildings.
Higman 149, 772, 779, 826, 894.
Anthoxanthum
Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Sweet Vernal Grass
Ivy Neck. One station. Miss A. Colhoun's garden. Higman 1155.
Tripsaceae
Tripsacum dactyloides L. Gamagrass
Java Farm. Infrequent, along roads and in scattered clumps in
old fields. Higman 25.
Oryzeae
Leersia
1. Lower panicle branches fascicled; spikelets about
5 mm. long; leaf sheaths and blades very harshly
scabrous; rhizomes long and slender.......ssseceeeeees Le Oryzoides
1. Lower panicle branches not fascicled; spikelets
about 3 mm. long; leaf sheaths and blades scabrous
but not very harsh, not ciliate; rhizomes short,
thick svand ys Calliys. «icico\oe cls e7e icine eles wldeleie oe eeciesceisieviele Lie VAT gInica
a piexolt panies eltzene: 7
‘eas gio an: itibees. ato: ae = ple i
> > a .Siitete. Stsilesse. bie holeothan
55 pbaamscedmemmmabtonetiinis
aio Sble anc no. swor. ot yoy algae: wi fod baa’ i :
a mx wots Kesehaane _ bea abiatigre wt. ahsinen: slapias anon
fems of bosubss pisyal? sao.
ta? oct nent sol ians eegeeT
2 ao. bagniw aemitemoe: i
Oibi-olasca ,sesingwe ,I
Boeia getaroli silt
OTS i ee 43S. +
Slixzese. .~Niiod ,beaws.20 galbietanco ee sowal: 5
i yIev gecwle :7s70L5. alLars?- sit anbbsesxs pamrsh
; Mutaperod ys. ek ee Siesvctebeeninseape'> thes + ape
; or
: b atte led" es
a , eS 7528
| 4 - c >= ~~
vit BABTEHYAAMO bows 4 sepantbere elretemy)
Ge von wabhsa oxnerd vilavem Jadwaone ch unshoedA .aret eval
. seerkolind niee tasn eablabsor oo Invupssivl egorbliud gitar
* | 608 .c OLY. S4 aL eam tH | ae
3 FILS. i. J
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: . md , rom:
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ee want 66pebisg e'avoriiad .A salM§ .ootjute onO Adal yl
Seo7mgenn2 ; J seblolyjosb mussegtae
me eoees> basot360e8 ni bie ebsos omols Imoupszial sed evel. i
23 sesgtH .eblett Bio
i =
attend qov sabe te eae edsaede aod iomak: ay:
a Wry ei ereres seven, TobGabe bee gtol somcsicda aie
eisisiigqa ;belstsssi ton pital
@uordnoe esbeid bao eftpode taal
¢Ptote eseosids petetits
pases Or eee er)
4
PAS es
Leersia oryzoides (L.) Wx. Rice-Cutgrass
Java Farm. One station: in freshwater part of Fox Creek
marsh. Hectare 3516. Associate species: Rosa palustris, Aster
puniceus, Impatiens capensis. Higman 246.
L. virginica Willd. Whitegrass
Java Farm. Infrequent, in woods near bank of Muddy Creek upstream
from entrance road culvert; also along Fox Creek drainage; also one
station in old field south of old entrance road. Associate species:
Onoclea sensibilis, Epilobium coloratum, Glyceria striata, Elephantopus
carolinianus. Higman 141, 188, 326.
Hordeae
1. Spikelets solitary at each node of rachis.
2. Spikelets placed edgewise to the rachis............ Lolium
2. Spikelets placed flatwise to the rachis.
3. Annuals, cultivated.
4) Glumesovate, S=nervediiccisceiecccees + sccsie ce es LLbEtttcum
4, Glumes subulate, l-nerved..........e2ceeeee0- Secale
3. Perennials, not cultivated; plants with creeping
TF HA!IZOME Sie als ietlelieilol oils) chellerelieie\ievciele, ei cle ielel hevoieletey sverekeeleralerersi 7A @LODVACOT
1. Spikelets usually more than 1 at each node of the rachis.
5. Spikelets 1-flowered, 3 at each node, the middle one
sessile and perfect, the lateral pair usually
pediceled, often reduced to awns and simulating
AN NVOMU CIES le releverelsyoneieier oiel chezetey elis)ieirel aie siievenelsivxeNeNelehoneerelenelm ORG etm
5. Spikelets 2- to 6-flowered, all alike, usually 2 or more at
each node.
6. Spikes dense; glumes as long as the lemmas,
simulating an involucre; spikelets ascending
or islightly! spreading nnn. hve eG ROR... Elymus
6. Spikes loose; glumes reduced to minute awn;
spikeletsrwidelly spreading. Jn). oe'en oan « Hystrix
sbpatles oe iotoeqar eseMeONaTl
| BOS, —: “gheusaas.
a ‘ebb 36 ined tea ‘aati si \josupetial, are tvevel
gest ete regenintd fests ac% goofs onle j31ev:luo baoy sonBTine
yeatcage ofelounssA .hso1 -ecnezgan bio Ie ddvoa bish} bio et a0
esgeisse wisesyly sw 3eroicy muidoligd ~ebitdra ama
we : ate ,88L , fal mar :
SES b108
th
sbonm HES
ota eteisiige 8
i) pens i:
Ibvitiue .etaunna £
bersenst ledavo dsamutD, os
éludua seat .o
jiw agnalq :bodsyiilop tor ,~aleingsts4 .f
asnosing
~ehtimoas wes
uo albhie ad? ,abou moas »& , barowola-t atelsdiaa Pe ee
vilavav shed yetel edd .Soblivaq bos elitenos :
eotisiuale hose sieve OF eve ber #4376 , baleptbeqe.
SS Petes caes crores QU LOwRE A
8 stom zo S$ vilewes ,oitin Ile ,bsaswoli-8 of -§ ateisalkg? ae x
-sbon dos8 ae
~bameel eds en gool #8 ssuuig jseasb asalqe
gathaesue eteleiice ;oroulovelias gnttelimte
+a ee+ -gutbostae ultigtia 16
' Jie
e#*#eeeeeeeeeereerwnre
jawa-sfuera O35 baoubes asaude ;
bse yl sips hotline 4 site EL clobhe asatetten ls
‘if @ J. a 7
Siaeren: » Ha = «, re:
“skssoete StF" + ifr —_
30.
Lolium perenne L. Common Darnel
Java Farm. One station: along north boundary fence, adjacent
neighboring cornfield. Associate species: Clematis virginiana,
Amaranthus hybridus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia.
Ivy Neck. One station: waste ground around old house, near
entrance road, above drainage of east fork of Scaffold Creek.
Hectare 4658. Associate species: Elymus villosus, Plantago aristata.
Higman 769, 863.
Triticum aestivum L. Wheat
Ivy Neck. One station: path to abandoned wheat field on upper
Scaffold Peninsula. Hectare 4740. Escaped from cultivation. Associate
species: Polygonum avicular, Polygonum pensylvanicum, Diodia teres,
Cyperus strigosus. Higman 684,
Secale cereale L. Rye
Ivy Neck. One station: abandoned wheat field on upper Scaffold
Peninsula. Hectare 4761. Associate species: Trifolium pratense,
Trifolium hybridum. Higman 747.
Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. Quickgrass
Java Farm. Infrequent: grassy field south of main buildings.
Associate species: Agrostis alba, Cirsium discolor, Poa pratensis,
Asclepias syriaca. Also one station beside new entrance road.
Higman 829, 950.
Hordeum pusillum Nutt. Little Barley
Ivy Neck. One station: unpaved trail between cornfields on
upper Scaffold Peninsula. Hectare 4771. Associate species:
Anthemis arvensis, Plantago virginica, Lepidium virginicum, Rumex
acetosella. Higman 697.
Elymus
1. Glumes narrow, bristle-like; glumes and lemmas
PLLSUEC. ce er cece eens sree eceseneceverccccssccssesssees E. villosus
1. Glumes broadened near the base; glumes and lemmas
glabrous or nearly so.
2. Glumes about 1 mm. wide at the middle, the bases
not bowed out; palea much shorter than the lemma.
Expected (E. riparius).
2. Glumes 1.5-2 mm. wide at the middle, the bases
bowed out; palea about equal to the lemma.......... E. virginicus
nici ieee
maaan Blo bavois bancty\oseaw + moksase and: “ato
etal ‘biodies® to #rot gene to saunter avods -, absox
crggrome eg set tela sisiooash akc
erry
ne a Bist? tusdw bsbsbesda 07 jieq snokaete ard: ioe et} :
i ehiiroees peek eavidies mbxt beqeseh Oat) etatosi - +eloantneD "BEGH
estate? Bibore sMUctHeviversg mundgyloe ,zalustye mptio Yin’
08a. namakl -<epe
eva
eeeaeeee tego no bist} quedw benobuede ‘:noldase aud ialoe gy a
Wee 7G MiiiojisT iastuege ejetsoseA ~.f37b exsd098 | eleenkaeee
VAY nareih | .mmba ded
Se
seer geo lui) ‘Viteoh (40) Seteeere ¢
VRRMLOLEWe nia to Wivce hl: beekg itgsepsrinl maakt svat
emeeeeseag Sol .zofonsts wieris ,edln 2hieorgh ¢ otsaga: ase%Sonpiil
eo Sonats0e wan abies tis sno o2eta ‘BOBLTYS ct nana |
G2P> , eae te
yetvet 41331.] 40h wulitesg 5 wohl
SO ebierinxos csewied Lisi) hevsqm icoljtata on0 ~ dost el
Seakseqe siacqCneA ‘iTS eyajosh .slvgatost plot'ss8 seqqm
Bee puotatarty mtb! ys. ‘hatnbasty ogsiunl? sstadsyse pee
{06 demath -siiseetgaa : “ae
vaamel boe semulg ;sAtbi-slaetsd ,worsta som f. +.
Bugoliiyv .2 Wiweh-e ote w weed ¢ ons 6 « nS m0 Vala aes oe
Athol bia comuls j;s2ud ada was tesheaiglc wnieameal
08: okies = 2 suena
a |
asped’ oy ,albbia ods ds-sbhe sam oder y) re
sermmnl ods meds sodxede doum sateg tivo beved tom + |
Ag
eesitnsyshawet’ ad sai a a
ai char ea _ i
Shil
Elymus villosus Muhl. Wild Rye
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant;
seems to prefer moderately moist, moderately shaded sites like
borders of forest. No consistent associate species. One station
at Java Farm: summit of ridge northeast of main buildings, under
canopy of Juglams nigra. Three stations at Ivy Neck, near streams
or estuaries. Liquidambar styraciflua canopy. Higman 831, 850,
865, 871.
Elymus virginicus L. Terrell Grass
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent: dry, sandy sites near
salt marshes. Two stations at Java Farm: small salt marsh on
Rhode River above pier. Associate species: Asplenium platyneuron,
Triodia flava, Rhus typhina, Celastrus scandens. One station at
Ivy Neck: bank overlooking dry halophytic area at Sand Point,
Cheston Peninsula. Hectare 4860. Higman 225, 227, 1108.
Hystrix
Hystrix patula Moench Bottle-brush Grass
Ivy Neck. One station: side of low bank at southwest border
of Sand Point marsh. Hectare 4870. Junction of sand and mineral
soil; shaded by forest. Associate species: Elymus villosus, E.
virginicus. Higman 940.
Chlorideae
1. Spikelets with more than 1 perfect floret.
2. Spikes slender, numerous, racemose; spikelets short-
pediceled. Expected (Leptochloa).
2. Spikes stout, few, digitate; spikelets sessile..... Eleusine
1. Spikelets with only 1 perfect floret, sometimes addition-
al imperfect florets above.
3. Spikelets without additional imperfect florets.
4, Spikes racemose; culms erect; spikelets articu-
late below the glumes; salt marsh habitat....... Spartina
4, Spikes digitate; culms creeping by rhizomes
or stolons; spikelets articulate above the
glumes); seerrestrialijhabitat7. cries sss osceieeie + + CYnOdon
3. Spikelets with 1 or more imperfect florets above
the fertile one. Expected (Gymnopogon).
: f . ae Pceaicd par vor ie
“eadla habade yletwesbon: 4 Jaton waders,
PeaO .estoagqe adalocucn tasteiecos of .dest
iB ftud stam to Sasadszon. ogkhiz to kine,
Seen doe! vel te guoltints aosit pista
AEB caing gore | EAS, ‘sedms Bla pi a
Mean eectie yhres vith toosuper 1 Ipetvvi ‘bn eae svel (ae
a newer aioe [isms “sore! oval. te anvideste owl .agdetem Jie
Soo ore ewreommet tnaloege Blaioozad seb svode tovia bout
Pe Wierdase 00 .anobysce suytenled .paldqys suid euelh :
sSetat bras 24 s936 asitvdqolad. wrb ante ned sao
petit SSS .¢SSh samgitH .Od8e 2169545H biventas4 ‘nosed t
: i Cuevil
in r
Renn. Wade last! ff att sluieg aide
a :
a : “Oivvex! deowrlsiooun te Ni: vol 30 mbts inoliesa ent Vatost yi ‘A
= Paves Ore Boeew) tc Gis sau! O08) 2903688 dg1sm Inio® base” 20. zt
: ; H yao! f ky apery la 3 Suolneqa ’ ioAu/ tast0% yd bebade. eitog. a a
| Os Ae Tanta . suo tetas ns = aa
teq © onds sree dab eile: wk
Troe, eisles na. , evereaye ,tsbaele asoikae: we
t in5010 oJ j aanciae .bsisotbag hs oe
Benes Bitanoe sisiaitge :ssatigth ,@92 ,duosa Bpdiaey Gs
2 aostieq | glee dibw ataledia® at
svods agotol) Josizegah fae
—
eeoliihbts semlieec 3520
Jaxol] Joolrzaqal fanetithbse snooty essisdiee in
‘ —potdia ajaleitga :ji2e7s_ amius joeomes6% | aan Ree
BBEII995 «++. +. iG ilel devse tee pasmely pda woled
< “? iy ni
uep BOM@ORTds, Md golgeasa emtua ps2034; 3 al
ed? evodg wislvotsra sdign 331
SERA nese tas - Rap « +5 RECA re Re
ae
32).
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Goosegrass (L),
Wiregrass
Infrequent, on unshaded waste ground. Java Farm. One station:
rubbish pile at main buildings. Hectare 2580. Associate species:
Datura stramonium, Amaranthus spinosus, Solanum nigrum.
Ivy Neck. One station: near artificial pond at source of
Cheston Creek drainage. Hectare 4722. Associate species: Datura
stramonium, Polygonum persicaria, Abutilon theophrasti, Potentilla
norvegica. Higman 499, 1001.
Spartina
1. Plants robust, usually more than 1 m. tail; keel of
glumes and lemmas hispid-scabrous or ciliate; blades
flat (involute after drying), more than 5 mm. wide;
spikelets more than 1 cm. long.
2, First glume nearly as long as the floret; second
glume with an awn up to 7 mm. long. Expected
(S. pectinata).
2. First glume much shorter than the floret; second
glume awnless, acute or mucronate.
3. Margins of blades very harsh and scabrous;
glumes strongly hispid-scabrous on the keel..... S. cynosuroides
3. Margins of blades glabrous or minutely
scabrous; glumes soft-hispidulous or
ciliate on the keel... .cscccevcssccccvcecsocvess Of alternifolia
1. Plants rather slender, usually less than 1 m. tall;
keels of glumes scabrous; blades involute, less
Ehan Sm -Wides chs ccercccee ses ssccscvioscevercevccse OS» Patens
Spartina cynosuroides GidcRoth: Salt Reedgrass
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in salt marshes on
Rhode River and lower estuaries, on seaward side. Associate species:
Aster subulatus, Baccharis halimifolia, Scirpus robustus, Atriplex
patula. Higman 59.
S. alternifolia Loisel. Salt-water Cordgrass
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately ahundant in salt marshes on
Rhode River and lower estuaries, and in dry, halophytic areas such as
Sand Point. Associate species: Baccharis halimifolia, Distichlis
spicata, Cakile edentula. Higman 115, 285.
ee tabobitase +890. ‘tadb2n3a a0) «,
Sega azakooenA .Eh54 easdsall pera |
BS .d3genl woods: pedazush nba SLaT ec oo spnogylod °,
_~ OOL 202 nbaght
=
Bet 2PRUZ
20 food sits? cm reddy stow vi leva ‘<tauxios a2ae bf |
etheld eeebs i295 40 euGrdape-—highie pki Koa é a
reble oC Q JOGI B20m ,antysh aciis Saylovaby 2akd
ygnol .ma°i aady szon ia
bosses s39I0F% wil ee gudl en vireSsa-satg tanh ave
bo3oeqe .gnol .as S Ot qu awe op daiw Sunes Lg
f ascare 1393 Sq Wire p
4
« aU sa |
sna ey Sant .
a4 fi sates
id Jo anigaeh: aes
anos te eeie
vate mA
Vie [SBOTCaSS-
rb e36étT p>
soagle tedisa edoslS og
fsvoydece, asmule to efesd 5
Bangey 8 ....e-0... 6, cacepeyseaene ays eae sO Nes eat Soe
ea nybows 3102 | 2, (05 bab bec iuloaias sala
a Seeewee Iine ci innbavds yiazereboM .Josi yi, boa wre% evel tae
SGeroeGe PidiccenA shin hrewion mo (eshreviss tovoL boa: cevhe pe
BeSGizIA .Suteudo: suyiss2 etlotintind siysitooae pir ie
TeJaw-2122
5)5)6
S. patens (Ait.) Muhl. High-water Grass
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in drier, more
inland parts of salt marshes and halophytic sandy areas. Forms dense
carpets. Associate species: Distichlis spicata, Panicum virgatun,
Iva frutescens, Acnida cannabina. Higman 270.
Cynodon
Wiregrass (L),
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Bermuda Grass
Java Farm. One station: parking area at main buildings, in
cracked pavement. Hectare 2580. Higman 823.
ibe
Agrostideae
Panicle dense, spikelike. (Also, glumes as long as the
lemma; articulation above the glumes.)
2. Glumes glabrous, awnless; spikelets 11-14 mm. long.... Ammophila
2. Glumes with spreading trichomes, abruptly awned;
spikelets not more than 4 mm. long....cceeeccceeeeeoes Phleum
Panicle somewhat open, not spikelike. (Also, lemma usually
awned except in Cinna and some species of Agrostis).
3. Fruit hardened; callus sharp-pointed. Expected
(Aristida).
3. Fruit thin; callus not sharp-pointed.
4, Glumes as long as the lemma or longer.
5. Callus of lemma bearded. Expected
(Calamagrostis).
5. Callus of lemma not bearded.
6. Lemma minutely awned from just below the
apex; spikelets falling entire............... Cinna
6. Lemma awnless or awned from the back or
near the base; glumes persistent............. Agrostis
4. Glumes usually shorter than the lemma.
7. Rachilla not prolonged as a bristle behind
the palea; grain enclosed in the lemma and
palea at maturity. (Also, plant with slender
rhizome unless first glume is obsolete)......... Muhlenbergia
anal & Ds
JE Bers gnbiteg— otiaieiend?
-€58 ceweth .08¢L sxpjoen .Jnemereg 2
ossbiigors
witli em pool ee nemulg ,oeta)
(.gatmig ony
Bi ddgoncA po eapeel som Al-Li etatotiqe. pedelove ,euetesta
-bonwa vidqurda ,asmonoix) golteerqe (iste ee
». gaol » thi ait S200 Jan eae ladiqe
pus 23,
¥ilavev sen oel&) -.etiiediqen Jon ,asqe Jadwenoe stone
1NOugA to eatoage omos bas snot) nf Jqsore Sem
istoq-qvade waullas ;barobuad siya a :
(ebttersa
bsasaioy-qiate |
-yopnef xo aowel of? es gtol te senulp
he Joudke bebsaed eeuel 96 a liad
. (abdeoxgnaea a3)
ibassd Jon pamel 30 autled
: atd woled j4u) sort Ssown ytosonim acaed> 0
Cee eoaly SU as wl ale po eo SITIO EP LEES asielasiqr jmogel
yo! Naad Sc aos benwe Fo neath sents’ id «
ceue bn sve eben ttetsleisq aomty part oda tn40
Ae “> mg aly pei sexes 7
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7
34.
7. Rachilla prolonged behind the palea as a bristle;
or if not, the grain falling from the lemma and
palea at maturity. Expected (Brachyelytrum).
Ammophila
Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link Sand-reed
Ivy Neck. One station: beach on south shore of Sand Point.
Hectare 4861. Higman 1153.
Phleum
Phleum pratense L. Timothy
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in abandoned grassy field on Scaffold
Peninsula. Hectare 4761. Associate species: Festuca elatior,
Polygonum aviculare, Hypericum perforatum. Higman 810.
Cinna
Cinna arundinacea L. Wood Reedgrass
Java Farm. Infrequent in Muddy Creek valley; canopy of Fraxinus
americana, Platanus occidentalis; understory of Lindera benzoin.
Also one station at forest border of old field south of old entrance
road; canopy of Fagus grandifolia and Quercus velutina. Higman 66,
850 134.
Agrostis
1. Palea much smaller than the lemma or wanting,
nerveless. (Also lemma awnless; plants perennial.)
2. Panicle diffuse, its long branches forking at or
above the middle. Expected (A. hiemalis).
2. Panicle open but not diffuse, its branches forking at
or below the middle.
3. Spikelets mostly 2-2.5 mm. long..........e.eecc. A. perennans
3. Spikelets mostly 2.5-3.5 mm. long, crowded near
ends of panicle branches. Expected (A. altissima).
_Anks “h ens
‘saniot Lenssad to ost déuoes no woaed Sopa eaed af olosi wt
: asmg ti LO8H ore788k
ae Niles
endornt!
UBlers aoe gh Slel> yeeary haaohaeds at aa0pstzifi sty
(qetdais ie is Jga% a prosqe eserooker , fave o3838 oa
g mecerh
“MUSIC TIS oy pee eliaes:
PSAs Bee
NEP Rt,
oe
gé@nrgbesh bow
Pymueigart Bo vqousy ,yo.lev deet) ydobutt. ni eos t 2
nghonsied Bisboht Yo yroisrsbeu ;ehisie Pblsoo auge?
@anexsine bie to Wduoe bist? | » tehred tesyot 28 aoldaze ene oath.
evmeent! -sAtigiey guover) bas sotoiibenty suas Io Yqoese ibeor |
bEL (8
“a a
-gitinew vo ameol od? asdd solleoe Goum soled mp
(.tstensysq einsicq yeaslaws, samas inlA) ses fovise.
$0. 9m aniddoy esdouard aool ett ut tbh wlofaat o
»(etlaesidt -A) hesseqxe .eibhhia a evods, *
3a grtata! asdonayd oti ,saviIltb Jom Jud age » ekozas’ aed
olbbhin wah wolted be as
doce; ceeaebapdesesmaol am © .SS ae ested? ata
35.
1. Palea at least half as long as lemna, 2-nerved.
(Also, ligule 2-6 mm. long; panicle branches spikelet-
bearing to base.)
4, Panicle open; long stolons absent.
5. Culms erect, with strong creeping rhizomes...... A. alba
5. Culms decumbent; rhizomes wanting. Expected
(A. stolonifera).
4, Panicle narrow; long stolons usually present....... A. palustris
Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm. Upland Bentgrass
Java Farm. Infrequent, along Fox Creek drainage and in large
field adjacent road to pier. Higman 324, 334.
A. alba L.
(A. stolonifera L.) Redtop
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent in grassy abandoned fields.
Associate species at Java Farm: Agropyron repens, Allium vineale,
Cirsium discolor, Asclepias syriaca. Associates at Ivy Neck: Eleocharis
intermedia, Carex scoparia, Agropyron repens. Higman 858, 951.
A. palustris Huds.
(A. stolonifera L.) Creeping Bentgrass
Java Farm. One station: bank of tidal portion of Muddy Creek,
near mouth of tributary stream. Hectare 3437. Associate species:
Brasenia schreberi, Carex lurida, Polygonum punctatum. Higman 989.
Muhlenbergia
Muhlenbergia schreberi Gmel.
Java Farm. Infrequent, along Fox Creek drainage and vicinity.
Associate species: Perilla frutescens, Duchesnea indica, Aster
lateriflorus, Geum canadense. Higman 309, 318, 348.
Aveneae
1. Florets 2, one perfect, the other staminate.
2. Lower floret staminate, with a long, bent,
twisted awn; upper floret perfect.......eeeeeeeeees Arrhenatherum
2. Lower floret perfect, awnless; upper floret
staminate, with a short, hooked awn.......-.eecesoces HOlcCus
hem aS ae ee
Pf otabnen, sanet el Z)
“toads omeiate. eed oN, al
; ‘ete A shy besomosits gaigesys gaorte datw Jost: aml. 23
hydoagxd ‘aolkanaw eemostas + sisd mosh * pinta® 4a i y.
‘+ Gexsdnol ote ey ae =
auofote gaol worth. olotant 2
smredoul (.aaW} RSENS 2 opauaal
Surat fi tea sgentoexb esx xot goola ,Insyportal mrs aval :
~ACE >, ASE cewgth .retq oF baéy Inenetbs bish.
Bt adfa® of
goabsn Cail siohlnotes ro)
babieh? becobakds yeestg of Jnaupes3oY .t094 yvi bas qed oval one
by muliiéA .sasges Horyqo rh Paine avs? 3s asiosqe »telsoBeaa,
* Meee 9 BESS YGOARA
a pkiedooal* 1go0F yy! ts aejphvough epg eetusloeA »yolooeth mpkeg ho :
Baye { (skzaqoo8 28: RSIS) 2 gibeame gan ‘
yeee ,8C8 fieeotH .agedss notys ry
a 2buH alsd aul a8.
L: ; Sena gTdee aniqess) Cal pink inotese
Saenn? youl Yo notix6 brs 3o Anad noijsje sO .m@xSsa at : ait
Seelooan esetooeaA§ .\tet ataaasd nexte yvretudina to Ajgom teen eh
PONG mameil § .mesatopug mueogyiot ,sbisl meta) ,iaedeziion singenyd "aie
L.tgradass ait fn
(bet) tyederiiog piassdne teas
pweemtoly bane saentath Jar) xci gets s Iasuperial -wtet aval
gased ,ibol sacesiioutT agajeatuyy elijwed iesetosqu atskooesA
"Bde ,BIE .2Of neegtk .senebens> miso a
snenevA
SP teed ignolt & date ys:
(Cp Segeke:
Sex0Lt z9qqu i
aiest ar sae petcot “9A ,
36.
1. Florets 2 or more, all alike except the reduced upper
ones.
3. Lemmas bifid, awned from between the lobes;
florets, Severals ciccccicleic sciciccilccccccessieciseeceeess Danthonia
3. Lemmas awnless, mucronate, or awned from the back;
florets usually 2 or 3 (up to 6 in Avena).
4. Glumes more than 1 cm. long. Expected (Avena).
4, Glumes less than 1 cm. long.
5. Glumes shorter than the florets; lemmas
awnless or mucronate.
6. Glumes unequal in shape, the second
obovate and much broader than the first.
(Also, plant 3-10 mm. high in species
CODTeSCEED) S46 oici% oo altel eas «cles eles ells leleis «/oineie s) Sphenopholis
6. Glumes similar in shape, unequal in size.
(Also, plant 3-6 dm. high). Expected
(Koeleria).
5. Glumes as long as or longer than the florets;
lemmas awned from the back.
7. Lemmas keeled, awned from near the apex; awn
bent and twisted. Expected (Trisetum).
7. Lemmas rounded on the back, awned from below
the middle.
8. Rachilla extending as a bristle
behind the upper floret; plants
PCHENN A alijperere sejepereeis 0 © elorekere/ silefslsits e)e/eiejeten DeSChampsial
8. Rachilla not extending; plants delicate
annuals. Expected (Aira).
Arrhenatherum
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Mert. and Koch Fall Oatgrass
Java Farm. Infrequent along roads near main building area, and
in old fields. Associate species: Triosteum perfoliatum, Galium
circaezans, Houstonia purpurea, Lychnis alba. Higman 661, 716,
163) STB
Ejaadat ee bavwted mot? pres ‘pris. ast nt
Peet beveregy ena ds lateved evneet
PRHODERME Sia Ree Ee ®
a ; {
Sdsed eit wort Sere: Yo esuirosolm’ ,abelmvs sites re
apaye nt & O20 qn} & x0 yiievay edewels:, oop
danse) bedoagx= anol sso 1 walt syok nomi 50
Tt weds, saad esaho ve.
neta yeaxdde. samt)
SIBRCrSUum TO Saos NA
boosse sid ,sqade «1! eup ang om
‘Sevk? edz neds tebaord doom bas 632\
Beinoege ol cgis «a ~E tnaelg
OU ON CEES SC Se ee »(basasifos
ysude af Inupet ,oyele of telimke eould
bessbqxl «(datd sob d-2 snalq oels)
o(gizsiso%)
A)
sedeyoli sd? asd) rage 8S esanio
becwr aennel
fw txeve ods trs9 orl Seateot agansld «
“(a degtsT) ber betdeiw? hae Jasd
Woled mox? bonwe .*2 374) » bebouts sane
ylbbkm ortd
eisetad , Leas Jee lita ses
einaiq 43 3 s4qqu 2 satded
ee Li tnane yoq
agaciish einald :gnibontes don siildss#
(até) besoeqs® .aaeugon
pusoijenonith
gnetgzs0 fiat do0% baw .330M (.J) pubtels guy
bre eyed ek, nia seen ebnos ghola In¢
fas ars ,aen
+ At
Tey ay wv
SVL 6
Holcus
Holcus lanatus L. Velvet-grass
Java Farm. One station: road to springhouse. Hectare 3417.
Associate species: Melilotus alba, Taraxacum officinale, Valerianella
olitoria, Duchesnea indica, Rhus radicans. Higman 800.
Danthonia
Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. Poverty-grass,
White Oatgrass
Java Farm. One station near marshy west end of Phalaris
arundinacea meadow, north of main buildings. Hectare 2467. Associate
species: Glyceria striata, Lindera benzoin, Allium vineale, Carex
blanda.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent along banks of upper Cheston Creek estuary.
Canopy of Quercus velutina, Prunus serotina, Liquidambar styraciflua,
Acer rubrum. Associate species: Hieracium venosum, Amelanchier
intermedia, Elymus villosus. Higman 787, 843, 872.
Sphenopholis
Sphenopholis nitida (Bieler) Scribn.
Java Farm. One station: shoulder of old Muddy Creek Road, near
entrance gate. Hectare 2473, Higman 643.
Deschampsia
Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. Common Hairgrass
Java Farm. Infrequent on Fox Point Road and moderately abundant
at Fox Point under Quercus prinus canopy. Associate species: Rhodo-
dendron viscosum, Gaylussacia baccata, Kalmia latifolia, Juncus
tenuis, Baptisia tinctoria. Higman 435, 645, 802.
Festuceae
YT. Plants dioecious. 4)a8. ult. SRUaTY 5 See. TOORSER.. ob... Distichiis
1. Plants not dioecious; flowers usually perfect.
2. Plants more than 1.5 m. tall; salt marsh habitat... Phragmites
2. Plants not more than 1.5 m. tall, usually shorter;
terrestrial habitat.
1th supe el i alton chs
24, eoneustoat a
*. eno Bees Yeeate
, bao s
fous anne fie yee Cyst) ssakge &,
| opp S27 iiy ae:
2 aan Jott Im bus,isew Yevem wean notiate 900 compet, Ast
i . lieesones arr aypi pall eunibliud ntam Io divoq {wobsesom sassn
= ate) ,olaenty musk LA _plosasd avabubl qsistyte eprsaylS
4 items om - “ a ee epee aD | ean einys =
sowed wa87) botdasd tsqqu Ye eined wooie = reupaxtes ,aosh yet i
Y22 ecto bh uep bi <ouise a svon'ss sobtiisv #097S00 36 es
aptepan loch ferBorrey | s aid sesiseqs #faboe ek “edu |
CER F pi ak onxi ~Bueott aA a5 ray ba aibee (s3a
|
Lodgonsrige
adbrot (solai8) ebbata gtlodgopetegs
Shan , bach Nos" Ybbak bl to tebluons setjeyu ONO ~~ yeval eval ;
{ * 4,
E ‘yell .938g -S9nes meas
SewAZ eta wea iv? (1) geouxel? sieqamdgeee
Shabeuids yilotarebos ‘bos = salod KoY po Josdps vin! Jirred evel > ,
ene teotoeg4 essere. .yqonns | evabrtg erred vahau anket xo 24
OM goo eit Misal elmte% ,23a098d Bt eapul cee ees
S68 , 244 ,4f8 remy LH etiasor ZoRSnEy sisisqesd 18h
spooutesd
icon gyfer oro ou eae aa
ben vifavues esswol? Rare ei cay
38.
3. Lemmas with 3 prominent nerves.
4. Lemmas pubescent on the nerves and callus, the
midnerve extended as a short awn.
5. Palea densely long-ciliate on upper half
of keel; panicle with few spreading,
few-flowered branches; sandy beach habitat.
Expected (Triplasis).
5. Palea not long-ciliate on upper half of
keel; panicle large and open; roadside-
oldie Ered halbaitaltieleie e's aveleleie ole icles ciel hereccisehenmbGotodedia
4, Lemmas not pubescent on the nerves and
Callus, AWNLESS...ceceeccccrcscceecccrecceveseeos Hragrostis
3. Lemmas with 5 to many nerves, these sometimes
faint.
6. Lemmas keeled.
7. Spikelets with 1-4 empty lemmas below the
FETE TELOTEES cicicrersiere s)/clc/oisisieieieisie cieelelsiersrsteieiciomUNTOla
7. Spikelets with no empty lemmas below the
fertile florets.
8. Spikelets flat, nearly sessile, in
thick 1l-sided clusters at the ends
Of (SEPEE branches «cle cic oie sicie'e eieis'eicisleukele cl eere IDACt yds
8. Spikelets only slightly flattened, not
in l-sided clusters.
9, Spikelets more than 1 cm. long;
Hemma’s) AWN. sicrs srerclersiel si tialsicicichel sleilele sieielen Db OMUS
9. Spikelets not more than 6 mm. long;
lemmas AWNVESS'scis:s.0 clare sicls core el olelsele erete cia mEOR
6. Lemmas rounded on back.
10. Nerves of lemma prominent, parallel.
(Also, glumes not papery; all florets
alike; spikelets usually green)..........+.. Glyceria
10. Nerves of lemma less prominent, converging
toward the summit.
11. Lemmas minutely bifid at apex, awned
from between the teeth.......cece0e0eeeece+ Bromus
11. Lemmas acute, awned from the tip or
awnless.
Pear. toes no Pata isa’ ‘Sevoubiatiee
: <guthserqe’ wat daiw sloiasq 2{fscd. to”
sdatidad Asssd — “paadansyd botswolt-wet |
*fatestotsy) basosqea,
a
eae 30. isd <Sqqgu mb siekits~gaos ton aelsd: Aas
i |) ~ebtebsor inago bos sgisi’ sistnsq ised
phot’ peeteeeeerereieserasioneens t02bdad biett. bLo
; bas eevisn silt oo aes yon esmmat 48
Pe gbseerags «s+ ss... (ie eerene vey re neraee tower | Buttes
pomijomen oust) ,ssvyec ean ot é ditw eset a Ss
sb Los) sempad s6) 2
‘etd wolsd, eammel yiqas '-L diiw alsiodtge .%
4a vee seueress8dSxGL? 9 L379.
wolad eegumel yiqwa on doiw atefedtge .f
e3s70l2 sf{is791 |
nt .slfegea vlysen ,3611 etsletiqd .é
abne a3 ta exatevias beble-f daaris
-satonetd titys t6
,benesiisli yfltdalle yieo esslaviad
-exsjaulo bebla-! nt
syrol .7o I neds stom esaleditge ©
feeds tee DOOVE Ream tT
eynol uy 3 cad? stom Jon atoisdiqa—t
BOT gece tea drevenrs cence ys etaslawa Seuamed
ond of bébayor eamuusd
-lelletveq ,Jasatmova smelt ta asvisW Of
Ba bit an ajezol? Ile jyrsqaq Jon esemlg ,owté)-
DBERBOUID «.+. +... 6... +. (9945 yLleveu eraloxtgo aati. .
| ive in
< mebenetse? 1 3aSnk Geog anal ema £ a.
39).
12. Lemmas awned (except in F. elatior
and F. obtusa); without cobwebby
PUDESCENCE) (At DASE. ./snle ce cieieic’eleieiels MESEUCA
12. Lemmas awnless; with cobwebby
pubescence at base (except in
P. annua, P. autumnalis, and
IPEMCOMPECS SA iele eevee stones se Sreretetee 66) Oa
Distichlis
Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene Alkali-grass
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in the more inland
parts of salt marshes. Associate species: Spartina patens, Panicum
virgatum, Iva frutescens. Higman 52.
Phragmites
Phragmites communis Trin. Reed
Java Farm. One station in Hog Island salt marsh. Hectare 3583.
Associate species: Spartina cynosuroides, Panicum virgatum. One
other station reported in Corn Island salt marsh. Higman 441.
Triodia
Triodia flava (L.) Smyth
(Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc.) Fall Redtop
Java Farm. One station: old field near Fox Point Road on north
side, near stand of Pinus virginiana. Hectare 3533. Higman 363.
T. flava, forma cuprea (Jacq.) Fosberg Fall Redtop
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields. Also one station in
cracked pavement at main buildings. Hectare 2580. Associate species:
Euphorbia maculata, Juncus tenuis, Eupatorium serotinum. Higman 13,
226, 341.
Erogrostis
Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. Love-grass,
Tumble-grass
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant in Fox Point Road.
Associate species: Plantago aristata, Dianthus armeria, Digitaria
ischaemum, Juncus tenuis. Higman 26, 365.
ths 9% 5 shaw banakenh. sonnei P's §
mk wieson aand WM asasokodug
(bee veitemmove 4 paunua 2:
ae Sag bia LW ace 4,8 80%
j
rere tee
“bnstet eyo als oh Innbavds feaexebol sow yu bis nie S pe: tp
Meepnn ,anotsy eniizeg? :solosqe siatzonueA ,estovam Sfée Yo Sram
S& memgilh .,ensoeedugh svt janes
oir sates
esi tinghsit
hawt ,Ol3T 2 kimogmron. ci a
NERet etetoe! deren tine bastel gol ai noliaca anv Tiel avel
ea0. .gwaegriy mwoicsd ~aablorusop 7S saan es Sooge ojakoorek |
sth aampgit = jdeiam tis boalel are) hsixoqes sol an3e sade
= djyae td) evel? Srbe fee
phat .onog th (.3) suesl? emsbiaee
@aaied fib
Haven my beak Jotol «ot f r Bd imoatjseae enG ish. oval 5
eet asmys i €2f sigdosH . -enelotarty eunld to beste, Taam «
qesbol (ies ; guadect (.poel). satqua amse2 caval ‘54
Bi Polinis sno cal eblet? bio. at Jasupsat
Seeroeee S2atabaah = .OUCS Go ‘ “aantblind cee
She @ameth .mupticzs: weisoiegua ,Biuged 2up dike idelunpest i=
#i3 aoxn073
byes (deguT)
40.
Uniola
Uniola laxa (L.) BSP. Spikegrass,
(new comb. Chasmanthium laxum (L.) Yates) Spanglegrass
Java Farm. Infrequent in Hog Island salt marsh. Associate
species: Distichlis spicata, Panicum virgatum. Higman 342, 452.
Dactylis
Dactylis glomerata L. Orchard-grass
Java Farm. Infrequent: stations beside old and new entrance
roads. Associate species: Galium aparine, Carex blanda, Carex
muhlenbergii var. enervis, Fragaria virginiana, Poa pratensis.
Higman 640, 1107.
Bromus
1. Spikelets strongly flattened, lemmas keeled; awn
short or wanting. Expected (B. catharticus).
1. Spikelets not strongly flattened, terete before
flowering; awn usually present.
2. Plants perennial; culms usually 1 m. tall or more.
3. Creeping rhizomes present; panicle erect,
contracted at maturity; lemmas glabrous;
awn minute OF Wanting... ccrccreceeseveceseseees Be. inermis
3. Creeping rhizomes wanting; panicle open,
spreading or drooping; lemmas evenly pubescent;
awn present. Expected (B. latiglumis).
2. Plants annual; culms usually shorter than 70 cm.
4, Lemmas narrow, acuminate, with a sharp callus
at the base; awns usually more than 1.5 cm. long.
Expected (B. tectorum).
4. Lemmas broad, rounded above, without a sharp callus;
awns usually less than 1 cm. long or wanting.
5. Panicle contracted, its branches erect or
ascending.
6. Lemmas pubescent. Expected (B. mollis).
6. Lemmas scabrous or glabrous..........-.+-. B. racemosus
(aaa ? a sua widcnasta
Hexen fee tutor a: get sy anger gist bie
anaxg-bradsx0 al gdaremoky '¢
woo bos bio oblesd anohzage sineupssiny § .orel syel 7
‘ee BP «guesid sexe) ,sutrege oiled. tsatoage osnisoneA 1%
ata, Boo .sastolsiiv sirvegerT ,siviens «tay £
VOLt , Qe om
Bumord
-foleox eammel ,bemetzats vignorie atotedige |
.(suntizadtas .8) betoeqxt . .gnitaaw > Jens
4ayoqiecd.e397e2 ,banes3sli yignotia, Jon atsledtqa (hy
,toveaeta yilsuav oes penttewola We
-eTon tO 7 vilauedenius sleinneareq etneld =
5275897 eemos tidy goigas to me)
anol :vitsuaem ss basoazaaop
«+ -ROLINEW TO gjJunim owe
_neaqo sloinsg ¢gattasw eomosidy gatqestd 46
ranearedia yitove aimmel zaniqoosb so gakbesige
»(tlevigtisl .£) bstosqk! .Jneke tq iwe
oo OF maild zasyode yilevey eelus {fevuane akeass ar
Ay %e
suilas grode s.diiw ,e%eolavon ,woctAm oniaeial
.etol ,a> ¢.1 pedi ssom “¢Iiaveu eowe ;oaad ond Je
» (gurxotoss .8) hatoequa
pautliso gisle a quedtiw ,svods bebavez .,bsogd emma oA
Oc ciltaent aH gnol .mo I asd) eeal ss beac
Al.
5. Panicle open, its branches spreading or
drooping.
7. Lemma inflated, awnless. Expected
(B. brizeaformis).
7. Lemma not inflated, awned.
8. Branches of panicle rather stiffly
spreading, not drooping......0.eseeeeee+ Be Commutatus
8. Branches of panicle lax, drooping.
9. Lemmas obtuse; awn flexuous; palea
distinctly shorter than lemma....... B. japonicus
9. Lemmas acute, bifid; awn straight
or nearly so; palea about as long
as lemma. Expected (B. arvensis).
Bromus inermis Leyss. Awnless Bromegrass
Ivy Neck. One station: beside trail to abandoned grassy field
on Scaffold Peninsula. Hectare 4740. Associate species: Rumex
crispus, Anagallis arvensis, Galinsoga ciliata, Mollugo verticillata,
Oenothera biennis. Higman 854.
B. racemosus L. Bromegrass
Java Farm. One station: broken pavement in Fox Point Road.
Associate species: Plantago aristata, Festuca myuros, Cyperus
filicinus. Higman 1112.
3B. commutatus Schrad.
(B. racemosus L.) Hairy Chess
Java Farm. Infrequent along new entrance road and Fox Point
Road. Also one station on south-facing slope east of Muddy Creek
and adjacent north border. Hectare 2458. Associate species: Allium
vineale, Juncus canadensis, Carex tribuloides, Plantago aristata.
Higman 788, 891, 1136.
B. japonicus Thunb. Japanese Chess
Java Farm. One station: old field on south side of Fox Creek
marsh. Hectare 3524. Partial canopy Of Pinus virginiana and
Liquidambar styraciflua. Associate species: Erigeron annuus, Solidago
graminifolia, S. altissima. Higman 890.
70 antag redone et Hg Sree i:
F rgakqoos’
Vhesaueadt saan ebeaatint Aad: 68 tae re
ibsawe {botel2Ah Jon-smmod es Y aia
ELTakte xsite2 biatian ao eeronete .8
VG webeeeusitvarresQniqoord Jon ,gosbpszge a
~
sgniqoorb ,#al etolasg 10 asdonsrd 1b.
, easing ;auouxsl? awe ;sautdo ena! &. eS
Smeeetedet cH ...../.cmm5! ania zsttods ylaontzerb — -
Sriatesiea mee); bidid ,osuon eamnst |e
enol 86 Juvods saiaq {08 efysasn xo
-lelensvys
7 Beareshers suslows »2eval slorvenk sums ;
Biot) ¥obe1y barobaads o2 Lkaiat shlaed folseté sop) 7567 yer a,
E eeu cee. sinboores OM evatseH - .ai iis eapicr= to"
pRPRRE Eat I Iey saULION sles tho Ogeniin) seem A
1) bagneoxd .amagl as
aT wae
ay RE t_oaOyd I sucsompoat er
= ( .
;
eo bani } yuu at doemavagq netoxd :oolisde en tet _BSVAD ob
:sytoege saetooRae:
. bardoe
eho yo lel (.2° gy unm
“Gone
eee ean bin bSOt S2Ncyias wai. sno: Lqeupse ttn tet evel i
Baeaa ybbuM to teas syoie antosi-dovoe fe “wolteia sno onta bBo,
MUBEEA (t@ahs9qu aietooes\ 826% erajosll “Viebied As yoe spnetbe bee
c
= eeeadetnes oneroslT ,sehioludts3 xszee , elasebsnsas tee hes «2
ae ; Oe Ld Lee z
in
aned) sasceqs! dave? eyo inogsh a4
Mees) HOF Yo’ shie favo ao bist? blo :nottere OO Tete evel |
hae Sy -gugth 2° yqoon2 tat22u% “GeSee
teelooge stetooneA 2
42.
Poa
1. Plants not more than 25 cm. tall; annuals.
2. Lemmas with webby pubescence at base, distinctly
3-nerved, the intermediate nerves faint, thickly
pubescent on the lateral nerves and keel; plants
Paley SHES sinc cats cc clellotets leis cele se oisicle selcieis co ois eleieisie's io. Chapmamiana
2. Lemmas glabrous at base, distinctly 5-nerved,
somewhat pubescent on the lower half of all
nerves, especially the keel; plants bright green... P. annua
1. Plants more than 25 cm. tall; perennials.
3. Creeping rhizomes present,
4, Culms very flattened, 2-edged; lemmas glabrous
or nearly SO) at bases ciel. wes alte ee ececwes cesses Es. Compressa
4, Culms rounded or slightly flattened; lemmas
with webby pubescence at base.
5. Blades shorter than the culm; lower branches
of (panicle in a whord) Of) 5. Secs ce sceivie oe vel epratensis
5. Blades about equal to the culm in length;
lower branches of panicle usually in 2's.
Expected (P. cuspidata).
3. Creeping rhizomes wanting.
6. Lemmas glabrous at base, tips of lemma blunt
ANd= SCATLOUS 0/001. wcle cv acc cleee ceive seviecseceves, Da nautumnalis
6. Lemmas webbed at base.
7. Lemmas slightly pubescent on the keel or
glabrous on all nerves. Expected O26 trivialis).
7. Lemmas pubescent on the keel and marginal
nerves.
8. Lower panicle branches spreading or reflexed
at maturity; panicle erect, much longer
than wide; intermediate nerves of lemma
PLOMMAMEMtievensovereielofoveveKcte: sialic leveleieisie) elelesiols(eiereereni eS Vee citatals
8. Lower panicle branches not reflexed at
maturity; panicle long, open; intermediate
nerves of lemma faint. Expected
(P. palustris).
Uiesuneese MN pesd in ek aly eddew, wie bt s
visotds) ,jintei asvrem aterhoorsint add ,beyiensé ©
SS ataetc yload bes asyvies Insscel oft ao Inebesdig S oy
ys TE a eae ee ee ee ee ee ae eae a veo ¥ TIO TR Sieg ah, he
,bovred-< vyltoutdelb, seed 46 avotdaly esmiad (ey a
ils tc 2ied xowol sis no Jasoeedug Jadwapok re ey
‘BAMA mas so oftSOoR Sdgkad ssnkig, piosd: sit yi petcd chick
ebsinnsisg g2is2. sos tS asda stom asnald, “
JHA STq eHsion ily ankqentd x,
ie sucidets cameol ;bagbs-S ~beosd20l% visv ewlyd: =
a ; td a ee eee ee | biste : p i tae ; VE els 3 IO i os
ae hoe semis! ~baousdali ylsdg n babavex emlgoae
wi : S680 Ja Sons oRbCr radaw Asiwv es i
Nee aga oot 30 wewol smino ad3 7 estaie esbalf 44
va ee te a sh 20 fw eon nay) to ok
Jy pre thie.
my ee S-Tp ne uw> si guns suede s9bselét %c
7 e’S 4 ; a ty to eoflomaesd yovol si
; oe BISRLOR! 4) bestoaqed (
Rit Leew ganas tia petqasx- it : :
; o
ie , tauhd unmet ta eq stead jn suogdels samme} 1d
"pd hacnistys ting Ps 8 +> . Sanectar (eee : e+e CMOS EROS ONG. 6 oe
re ad 46 bstidew, send. =
(6 Imet od3 no togoredug yiidette exc 114 13 is ies:
faitaiyizra ra 8 betoaqus savis0n Lien oc suo tTtebg ®
7 ; - — at
leriatam bone ‘sod .adt Ae Jebougduy Zee 3 oe
397 IGN
bexal?sx xo golbesrca actvaard elsieag aewel .8
Segqok doum .229ye sialasq ;yJizeze we,
: ammdl to .4avren 93etbearts tal penton
mean neeegsii+ * esr sir s erdnnt ie va
ddktbense 201 ides ,gool sick
yp ReaseGsd ete?
43,
Poa chapmaniana Scribn. Meadowgrass
Java Farm. One station: broken pavement at main building
area. Hectare 2580. Associate species: Poa annua, Juncus tenuis,
Triodia flava.
Ivy Neck. One station at border of cornfield on Scaffold
Peninsula. Higman 587, 822.
P. annua L. Annual Bluegrass
Java Farm. One station: broken pavement at main building
area. Hectare 2580. Associate species: Poa chapmaniana above.
Higman 1113.
P. compressa L, Wiregrass,
Canada bluegrass
Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in grazed woods at head of
Cheston Creek estuary. Canopy of Robinia pseudoacacia, Platanus
occidentalis, Diospyros virginiana. Also one station on east bank
of estuary. Higman 731, 734, 876.
P. pratensis L. Kentucky Bluegrass,
Junegrass
Java Farm. Moderately abundant; dominant species in the few
remaining grass areas in old fields. Infrequent along roadsides at
both Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Forms dense turf, invaded by Rhus
radicans and Cirsium discolor. Higman 335, 547, 621.
P. autumnalis Muhl. ex Ell. Meadowgrass
Java Farm. One station: Mature forest near old entrance road.
Hectare 2474, Canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, Nyssa
sylvatica, Liriodendron tulipifera, Liquidambar styraciflua.
Higman 678.
P. sylvestris Gray Meadowgrass
Java Farm. Infrequent; stations at old entrance gate and at bank
of Muddy Creek upstream from entrance road. Canopy of mature Fagus
grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera. Associate species (none at
both stations): Dactylis glomerata, Galium aparine, Glyceria striata.
Higman 641, 791.
Glyceria
ie oprkeletsmiltinear,wl=4 em. dongh, . sete. ele eae coeeeee G. Septentrionalis
Borin to ‘blothares 4p sebr0d ga opktede aad AoE
ACESS ,.82, one.
asd sgn ae
PD gatatiud peor 45 Insweved wolaad toakiste sn0_ arte ewes
SSvVOUR soainamger ado Bot ;aetseqs SststooacA 08¢S siptast see
CLE gaia —
your tees ia ne 2297 qR0g- Rs
Bees Qeu Lo ahear. Be
ie a 1. iy Deel Ga abonw Sesere of rig bo & Yiledersbo AoA Oey :
. i (lt el “| ern 28 bei SL " Bk355 eo biusHS grit! GOH 30 YooOray AUtee aAsetD notsgaa. an
* . hee MHEG 2220 WO Hose )u Le AB LIke Beets BO Svea rae ant 09d : |
a ! V8. , PE) 0) ceagit ey sites Se -
Sean TReNLE iousand » Bi SusJare 4
ae esegonvt
7 ye wes OF) cl @afaeys Inasineo snebniuga vis? no Mint erat
ay [ ee WHO! eba07 ary la Iqo8ups fi SUi¢h? big mt gs f PuATR go latenscoes
a iy 1 guild Wd bobs v ot : by ' : eu igh wey esi ¢ % ove dsod
‘a . Lae | Jiovek> mokets) bre: BRIER
SHA tTavobeo! 7 Pp @ i: He pil agnosie 5
J
iw
- SORGY GIc8 sl ce eon ; we >AOZ2698 Si 0 bevel ee
a BEAR seis ysis) . 9 Sia SURBT Yo yoosd . AVAS S2asoemaag
Aéeto v0 beoM Vet atysaovive A
Bee ee Pah 2349 Soosiine blo 26 enotiyia jIpsupentol | irial evel :
Beeet Pitas to yqons) .baocy oorssi$ aoth esortequ desk? ghhuw ge
Be Bion) Asizagqe eisisoesA .p et RES nox,
seanirt: Beteovid .sntiess gulls ,aiazamoig ablyss + (eookiada
i gs NilT Dy “a
etrsovid ; Laan
i bye AVeae were i 7
ae ATA P YEA ts. eid - »92~i gual: a ’ :
‘ wr
ne
44,
1, Spikelets ovate, 2-7 ‘mn. long. (Also, panicle open;
lemmas prominently nerved; first glume less than
1 mm. long; florets crowded toward ends of branches,
OREEN) PULP ISH recites eiele a's! sre elelcrer eke efels cite ae steleletetetors cH) Gi SEETatal
Glyceria septentrionalis Hitche. Sweet Grass,
Floating Eastern
Mannagrass
Ivy Neck. One station: moist, grazed woods at head of Cheston
Creek estuary. Hectare 4733. Canopy of mature Platanus occidentalis,
Diospyros virginiana, Liquidambar styraciflua, Robinia pseudoacacia.
Associate species: Glyceria striata, Poa compressa, Carex crinita,
Carex tribuloides. Higman 735.
G. striata (Lam.) Hitchc. Fowl Meadowgrass,
Fowl Mannagrass
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant in
stream valleys, moist woodland, etc. Principal stations are at head
of Cheston Creek estuary (described above) and at shore of Muddy Creek,
upstream from culvert of old entrance road (Java Farm). Associate
species besides those listed above: Panicum clandestinum, Lindera
benzoin, Carex blanda, Duchesnea indica, Danthonia spicata. Higman 180,
IBOLI32. 14529756, 790%
Festuca
1. Blades usually 4-8 mm. wide, flat. (Also, plants
tall perennials, not densely tufted; lemmas awnless
except in F. elatior forma aristata).
2. Spikelets 8-15 mm. long, 6- to 11-flowered;
panicle contracted; Nemmas acute s.'t. cee eeisin see cece be elattor
2. Spikelets 4-6 mm. long, 2- to 5-flowered; panicle
diffuse; lemmas obtuse.
3. Spikelets lanceolate, scattered at tips of
branchlets; glumes and lemmas appressed.
Expected (F. obtusa).
3. Spikelets ovate, close together; glumes and
Vemmas, Loosely, aScending ese ccisise sie oe oele eee els eile sh. paradoxa
1. Blades usually less than 1.5 mm. wide, involute or,
if flat, less than 3.5 mm. wide.
4, Plants annual; stamen 1. (Also, lemmas glabrous).
Jen ee eed eee ‘at? |
= (iu dea past, omulg text? ybovied: yitaeatn
oc vzsitonasd ‘to abva byswo2 betes aes
PAD ares tiperseseeesesn res ernsennn sess OH
L gukteols 2
" @hargsaaelt ;
_aoivas bo baad 46 aboow hbesera ,Jstom snolved46 and siloet eye
satel sivtam 2 yqonsd ~ Cel) axetosl .ereulee
sda bivpht” .scpintssty: som
16 sisasy (Oo yealosqa ete
ny ht pabho Lees 3
2 eS | q as slosh 4 te Poss
: vr eet yObEaH hwo" 3 al):
7 Heetpbens (wot
: : ( Prt 1A eee eee ELT -
psirieey ex) ~Beastamos £0T Weiis
ee Grebauds viotexobon at Josaipetin aa5y frm mint sve. ce
* brad 76 #%A Bireljase sTonkw! 535 ,bhblbeav s.fom .vvollsv mpsaam
mene vobeM % s¥otc- 25 baa (svode beditses))> BuIaS BOs i“ neseede ‘i
peaatitgg ; Crt avel) beOT SOnBR7INn : ; sylus mor Times Demy 6
fie awwode het avon’ -rabtesd abrogga
. ,0es faery we yRrry abiro d3me0 ,esitbal pansensut ,ebaeld’ Sete
i} act A
mtaato , , i isveu zobeles eh
: bet rea aémrai pbss75 yids elornnaszeq tsi ;
| (ateiatte vet ls ph agsoKs
: byey ey Sy ae -0. , o2 om CiI--%8 2intadigg =
; a ose eacmal jhytosticos slakineg™ a
' ss =
?
siolneq ; Li~2 $ .anol. ..m d~* 57s ia Lolkge™ b)
seirtdo satastl seu2tib ;
5 eaii as bexstis2e ,stalosoaal esoledtigd ae
-bseestena ccoamel bos esuvtg -23s. Dione
Cmauido (i) bossaqet™
him eenmris j;1sd3eg03 seofo ,87a"6 gis fathae at! oan
Os ee ST) ;
“ gsc @tulown: ,ohtw ,ae 2.2 apd? meet ‘ee Lauree es
csbiv ma G46 ait Ey
| taeda lg) wens! some
45.
5. First glume much shorter than the second; awns
abowe cmap Mlon es tyelereratele selene chelevelare elalsleieicleleietelers (Mel MYUGOS
5. First glume 2/3 to 3/4 as long as the second;
AWS )3) EOL DS mm sp MONS. « <\seies «iieleie sissies ee claieialeleleeeien H OCtOL Lora
4, Plants perennial; stamens 3. (Also, culms densely
tufted).
6. Culms somewhat decumbent at base; base reddish,
the basal sheaths becoming fibrous shreds....... F. rubra
6. Culms erect; base not reddish or shreding.
Expected (F. ovina).
Festuca elatior L. Meadow-Fescue
Ivy Neck. One station: abandoned grassy field on Scaffold
Peninsula. Hectare 4772. Associate species: Phleum pratense,
Trifolium arvense, Hypericum perforatum. Higman 809.
Festuca paradoxa Desv. Fescue
Java Farm. One station: beside new entrance road. Hectare 2582.
Associate species: Panicum clandestinum, Vicia sativa, Lepidium
campestre, Melilotus alba. Higman 833.
F. myuros L.
Java Farm. One station: broken pavement on Fox Point Road.
Associate species: Plantago aristata, Cyperus filicinus, Dianthus
armeria. Higman 807.
F. octoflora Walt. Six-weeks Fescue
Ivy Neck. One station: west shore of Cheston Creek estuary.
Canopy of Quercus velutina, Acer rubrum, Juglans nigra, Liquidambar
styraciflua. Associate species: Glyceria striata. Higman 742.
F. rubra L. Red Fescue
Java Farm. Infrequent; road to springhouse. Hectare 3417.
Associate species: Taraxacum officinale, Poa pratensis, Rhus
radicans. Higman 1109, 1110.
Andropogoneae
1. Spikelets all alike, perfect. (Also, spikelets
surrounded by copious soft hairs; lemmas awned).
Expected (Miscanthus, Erianthus).
sm ton aa nals corgnta: ten amg
#3 on Akron Sey hea re &
is Sih
eas ons 26 gaol: ae ale 93 es anata desk
Pa ests sdicawe ev se sanel Paliisss 2 63 o oe
Nidan wins ,oelA) = SXSmeds sfatawatiat oa
bi : + Chortagy
(eee Meibbet bead iseed te tesdavoob Jsdwemos amigo wel ;
Wp. 2 i ae ~abeyhe- evoxdr? watmooad adisela Isesd sdt> 4)
rea sgatbesda xo dekbbax dom sasd p39R75 amir ae
| i(agive <3) besoequi
gunest~wobsar wf totjels. saa
bkoties® no blait veeexa basobasda tiolisia sn0) aban avi.
or: } eeaneIniy gusidt . seetoage sJatooas/,. .S\\hoeks309H " aloenteal
ae 208 namgth .aussyoise¢ muolteoyli sosceviy mud
io gone . veal |sxobasaq Be
eee eratoull .bacx sonextag wou obtved, tonljac2 saQ) ~.oet avet
iputhiqes ,sviiee atolV 3
:
; sheot aahot set wo Jnomeveq asdotd isotisita sav mad aban
; Suisigih ,spnlotlid eursay) 53838 tig epsingls sestosqe atateaelll
aan (08. memgth nae
SUGSSR ajouw-xi2 tisk sro tteIag 2g
eae ‘ =
, r+ abc
ara das13 qogead) ic syeds dese tnoksaje sn: .ADS eed, - v
b2 ups ti , 3954 enalsyl sBUIGUT IAA »~eRbiuley 37 eustaup to <qdnare
BAN nagoth .sininse ektsoviD + gotoage steinoesA § ,suliinez ;
a BIRI2IG ESLTSOVAY
aysest ber oth arduy ‘s
oH Ssutisankyas 62 baoy iSneupotial pad eval
5
euili ,xtenetasg bol ,slentoliiy suopxaral rasioage
~OLLL , COLL aa
< ssoncaaos beh + es uh
etsiedtqe ,oels) .taataeq atthe tte a3
+ (bone wasmeent \ ‘Ceotvemess pis sce 3 babaug
oe = “
46.
1. Spikelets dissimilar, one of each group sessile and
perfect, the other 1 or 2 pedicellate and either
staminate, sterile, or reduced to a pedicel,
2. Blades ovate; plant a weak, trailing annual.
Expected (Arthraxon).
2. Blades linear, elongate; plant erect, stiff,
perennial.
3. Racemes terminal and axillary; rachis with
several to many joints, promptly disarti-
CUMAETING . Te lerolelteysietaiel Nels elle cvelersiotle oe elveledsie sicte eleisle eer ANGrOpOson
3. Racemes terminal only; rachis with 2 or 3
tardily separating joints.
4, Fertile spikelet awnless (awn very early-
deciduous); pediceled spikelets staminate
OR TSS TAMS oie wievele) eel sielsiolars lelsiaveicieliepelel cretislaia adele sie OO NUM
4, Fertile spikelet with a long, persistent,
basally twisted awn; pediceled spikelets
usually rediced to hairy pedicels............ Sorghastrum
Andropogon
1. Racemes solitary on each peduncle; internodes and
pedicels club-shaped....s.sicseccecccvesieesecccescseses A, SCOparius
1. Racemes 2 to several on each peduncle, digitate;
internodes and pedicels slender. (Also,
pedicellate spikelet reduced to a pedicel or
to empty glumes; racemes silky villous, not
conspicuously aggregate at the summit of the culm).
2. Peduncles mostly 5 to 15 cm. long. Expected
(A. elliottii, A. ternarius).
2. Peduncles not more than 1 cm. long.
3. Upper sheaths conspicuously inflated. Expected
(A. elliottii).
3. Uppermsheaths, not anfila keds oy. yeccpereyejsse,oie.eceeueieie hol A AeA CUS
Andropogon scoparius Michx. Bluestem, Bunchgrass
Java Farm. Infrequent in Hog Island salt marsh. Associate
species: Panicum virgatum, Myrica cerifera, Diospyros virginiana,
Distichlis spicata. Higman 287, 292, 302.
| Lauane guiliress secant ~ snot se38vo! ‘gabath: *
«(roxe td3 2A) (pesaaqeal
,»litte ,JoeTs Iasi redsgaole .Faenkl sobala oS
pean
‘Hite etdosy ¢yxelitxs bos Isokoies dons oail Bs
-titsath vitaqnoxrg ,siatot vaso O27) Dsieved aK
BemOgebth . 1.6 ieee ee. PRe rene aeeenee ss nda ei e/g he RRO MRR ae
& «co $ date atdsex ivino Laptoss? asnqonn at iis
.etntot sotiaszaqssa viibras
ithe vyov mvs) esoiowe joledtqa ofbs1et ,*
Sicuimeie ateisdiga bolaaibeq ;Cayvdubrssb
mmtlasoe ihe th wis. he lee etna’ bed bh A vroe cD LEYSIG YO
iseseteiod ,gnol a datw talediae sitive .A
ataleritge beiesathsq ;owe bstalws vitesed
4 x 4 4 ) ; » ' id =. ane . r rr 7 5 ! é
‘1 a BUCO REAMRGE soessnasey's Pi9otheg yried G3 beotbss yl faves a
‘ Mm =
BO ROgOTh AA
= ( %
1A Gue eohboniain) tolanubsg foes an vyedifos ‘ASS 2BA a
; BUS edOOe A ws. 6. bb a Wwaokid ees as afte els we wees DSUBHG WOU! Si tee eee ai:
i. ‘, : [snubsq doses oo [atavee oF $ semesah Le
/ . | ,oada tebcele eleolibsa Sin aehottssrios
ty sy Isoctbeq 6 03 bsaubs x taladige atal (satbeq
jon ,wvolliy witke aswecnx peatule yignasag-
stielizo. sis. i itmme 2% 38 81639" 4828 Visuovatqneres % an
Pp
r
Lae id
— (Dp
iseqs ol imo @! of 2 ¢laeom setsnubed s)
‘eutyeqres sA ykbsjotiie «App
anol .ao 2 nealt orom gon asloavbst as
o ee i |
bedoeq«ct .boinlint. yi suouvotqenon adteorla: maqyv: CoD al
abael tte +A)"
47.
Andropogon virginicus L. Broomsedge
Java Farm. Infrequent in Phalaris arundinacea meadow and on
adjacent south- and west-facing slopes. Associate species: Asplenium
platyneuron, Hypericum mutilum, Paspalum laeve, Sorghastrum nutans.
Higman 150.
Sorghum
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Johnson-grass
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields, especially near the pier.
Associate species: Gnaphalium obtusifolium, Triosetum perfoliatun,
Solidago altissima. Higman 144, 243,
Sorghastrum
Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash Indian Grass
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields; often solitary among dense
Lonicera japonica and Rhus radicans. Higman 205, 207, 467.
Paniceae
1. Spikelets subtended by an involucre of 1 to many
distinct or united bristles.
2. Bristles united into a spiny bur permanently
enclosSimembhenspi Kellett a slssisieleis sccieslecissieeleieisieiere « (CONCH TEUS
2. Bristles separate, persistent, the spikelets
alG(onIAhNOHES Go GOOD OO DOGO OOUDOUUUOOU OO DN OOCOOODbOUGOA OC. Beleerttl
1. Spikelets not subtended by an involucre.
3.-Glumes fonesterdile\ lemma’ fawnled .)5 daveleherstererera si eiareiereraeteres EGhinochiloa
3. Glumes and sterile lemma awnless.
4, Fruit tough but flexible; margins of lemma
not inrolled.
5. Spikelets in slender, rather digitate terminal
FACCMCS. cee cecccccecvcccesesscccosesceoscseees Digitaria
5. Spikelets in diffuse panicles. Expected
(Leptoloma).
| stata at’ Jnsupesiak ’ ;
“B80. ‘ a pair cece. oe
ad gtoe “tenho
e737 (.J) pansqeiad
aeehe gid ose (iistoaqes (ehie ) ot
la lcsupsxidl -.azet eveblee
emsst {<3 22290 puIsenisy «MID it 12% {308 mast Leaske Bid eslooga’ at6h
FAG | 42 nin? tis Gas
y LOS hal 7 sugih Anteelits as
RERT Qrocedniol
Sy
AaH7D Galbol fast (...) eysjun meee
SENAD Hilome yrotilos n33% } P10 Gt g supszini ted Seah
Eh US KOS mem ERGO LOST Buns One potest meee
snyhiws basin vitdetsa-ee
Pee WEN w an aa : Siige sc? antaotasse:
pe mt ne
BISY%eqse esijuiaa as 7"
4+ ss auvoOunRash
+ 2
‘al ce ¥¢ bsboejder: jon adatom
eomsl sliteis to seauldr see
inws semel olivets base eaauls oe
iSidixe£? aud devo glove Ge
-boiiougs don.
$n radist ,xyabosle al atsTadtge -
asesisi) ...., @tecives Lite ag paces ones
48.
4, Fruit hard and rigid; margins of lemma inrolled.
(Also, spikelets placed with the back of the
lemma toward the rachis, or spikelets pedicellate
in panicles).
6. First glume wanting; spikelets plano-convex,
in: spiikeldike jracemes)aj aie. sieielels steieis|s shele lee slelecer nn wbaspalum
6. First glume present; spikelets not plano-
convex, in panicles.
7. Spikelets on short pedicels; second glume
inflated like a sac near the base.
Expected (Sacciolepis).
7. Spikelets on long pedicels; second glume
MOVE, ANF MACS Me cvelevoneta\iesclevershe o) eeeelencverewersrs eeisiceim ane Cum
Cenchrus
Cenchrus tribuloides L. Sandbur
Ivy Neck. Infrequent on sandy beach on Rhode River shore of
Cheston Peninsula. Associate species: Strophostyles helvola, Spartina
alterniflora, Cakile edentula. Higman 1013.
Setaria
1. Bristles of involucre at least 5. (Also, panicle
dense, spikelike).
2. Plants with short, knotty rhizomes; spikelets
about 2.5 mm. long; palea reduced; plant perennial.
Expected (S. geniculata).
2. Plants without rhizomes; spikelets about 3 mm.
long; palea developed; plant annual................ S. glauca
1. Bristles of involucre 1 to 3, or appearing more by
abortion of spikelets.
3. Bristles retrorsely scabrous. Expected
(S. verticillata).
3. Bristles antrorsely scabrous.
4, Fertile lemma coarsely transversely rugose;
spikelerseabout 3 mm.) LOng.c ccie oc cwcics se vies cris) Oe faberia.
4, Fertile lemma smooth or slightly rugose; spikelets
not more than 2.5 mm. long. Expected (Ss. viridis).
babies ae Yo Es anee ‘ees: pon
ass to aApad aid atin Baosiq ezelodtqa) .oa tay.
sf +o, salen aid fvawod” amie d Ba
SENG MRE pee
Peg st
an.) pRevoos-~onsiy etelsdiqe peniinew sth ts Be
nh “iat nes WER Gh ie cetibelewcoh sone vi BONeons SLT ooEss 1am
eonalg ton atslodtae jnaeaxq omulg Io3b¥ a c
saloingg mb yxevnod, =
amyla bnonea jafanibeq drone no aqolsdigg «V | ae
gand and ssou -c8a a SIRE astatint :
‘Agigpioisos®} boansqnd 6) Ge
-
iss ; pints bropse {2 fs5tboo gigi mo 875 fanree ra
Oe nkael ee ER So ee sve eo Desetiat tor
i
q eau Feo,
wehbe: { aebioiudity 2 ome
4 te evera svt sborlf mo dosed chowe a lnsupsTial Asse Sve
ah aluenios? goa
Biitrine? yetoviod eofvinoiiaig +estoeqn 961908 ra
PIOL mamgil .2issoebe alttso es
ti -2 Janel 30 otovlovel to eelsekiiige
(sdifisttgy ,sensh
4 fsAic apakdy ytzont ,2a0de Atiw Sanekt eae
wal vtatans : isubax aslag-:2a0 wu ¢, 4 206d =aa
(e2alvoin 2} hbatoaqxuit- a
Anand ame *
mn £ Suede e791 -s tesooatds jbodsiw etasliog eae
i
BOUBLE AE sci evi ress cee tstitta toalq pbogofsveb eelaq ggaed)
cotteeons 20. )€ 09 L exonlevak to eektenaee
.6isiedidase 20 nokenaiiay
‘ hedoaqxi .evosdase cisesenens eatsetet i
—s BLLipdgrey 2)
< savomdaae se ae
ponogua Yl sescvens1) vise:
5-3 Hedee theres aman ees see gaol an
nn
d
49,
Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. Foxtail Grass,
(S. lutescens (Weigel) F. T. Hubbard) Yellow bristlegrass
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields.
Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant near margins of cultivated fields.
Associate species: Strophostyles umbellata, Echinochloa walteri,
Polygonum persicaria, Eupatorium serotinum, Datura stramonium.
Higman 140, 336, 1045, 1052, 1127.
S. faberii Herrm. Foxtail Grass
Java Farm. One station: rubbish pile at main building area.
Hectare 2580. Associate species: Eleusine indica, Datura stramonium.
Also one station at north border, beside neighboring cornfield.
Associate species: Clematis virginiana, Amaranthus hybridus.
Ivy Neck. One station: pile of dry soil near artificial pond
at head of Cheston Creek drainage. Hectare 4722. Associate species:
Echinochloa pungens. Higman 5, 878, 1035.
Echinochloa
1. Second glume awnless (often acuminate in E. pungens);
spikelets ovoid; fruit ovoid to oval; sheaths of
leaves glabrous.
2. Fertile (coriaceous) lemma obtuse to subacute,
the tip soft and wilting; spikelets with appressed
slender trichomes, pustular-based trichomes if
present few and marginal. Expected (E. crusgalli).
2. Fertile lemma acuminate, the tip firm; spikelets
with conspicuous bristles, the trichomes usually
pustular based wr cctenelslele ciele e crete creie (ales esi « «/ efeloie ele elere! Ee PUN SCT,
1. Second glume awned (awn shorter than that of sterile
lemma); spikelets ellipsoid; fruit slenderly lanceolate
to lance-ellipsoid, acute; sheaths of leaves usually
hirsute, the hairs pustular=based... sj. ccsec sec coeenns Bs Waltert
Echinochloa pungens (Poir.) Rydb. Barnyard Grass
(E. crusgalli (L.) Beauv.)
Java Farm. One station: marshy west end of Phalaris arundinacea
meadow, north of main building area. Hectare 2467. Associate species:
Erechtites hieracifolia, Juncus effusus, Polygonum pensylvanicum,
Polygonum sagittatum.
(osedet a
fete vabios bio ah snéupextal ee
ae to ata at +890 snebrods ylavaobeMe: toot wT
Wdeaiew solfoontind ,sialioday aelytaodqorse yasteqs age
| siisonss3s wiuied- quo) iores mtyojaqua ..siysotetsq: m
ww NSEL jS@OL ,d0k Coke 0
~
ab hn ai ot ore EEs
ie. +8S 72 geokbt turd roa: ag eikq detddys taotsese end) wine Byeb
ot EnOnetIe Avie ,sotbai sateusld :asloage ststooeeA | .O8CS axed
an ae sbistinio? guttoddgien abkesd ,z9byoed daton Je nohtste sno 08h
4 aoe spubttdyd euflinexegA ,aoxiniasty efinmslO :astoa(e Sa6hS0RRe
ase . brieg Iststitiie tos0 Itox yxb to sllq :mottsje end set yin:
a... tmekoeqa sisiooaeA .SS{) suatosH ,sgantsrxs dest) sodeordld to baal
,CEQL ,8\8 .¢c unmgth .enspaug: aolnse
* poldroghdoy oe
. is
*(atsensa if ok stankmyoe ne3t0) saeiows somig brogse ae
io udinede yfavo of bkove Jhu1i pblovo. eteledkgqar.
.avordstg. asvsai \
~e3usnduve of sautdo aymmel (svosagizos) slisrey
pepstsate daiw eteloctrge pgetsliw bua J20e qke Sad
boessd“relujasa ,esmorsis® aSebasta
tilege gui .4) betseqxd .tsntagram bree wsi Insestg
gmodoks3
< P sua 4 fa
r A += ‘ rs - if
* aitetoedtiqes gmtti qtt ef? ,sraatawon amrel ollovet) Boe
vYiteuev eswordstst sit ,ealopied encvotqenos: Adige Y ;
CL i ivewesbaradbasunes eeeyda ores bSaed-jalugeng
ativsse ic Jac reds s9d46de-2ve) boaws oaula. baode8 sk lls
ejgalosonal yi fa. Situs? ybtesqeifs esalatiqa ¢(aembL
vyilawes pone io attesds ;ejvos ,bioegtife-sonall ome
eC ae oe onh ie’ .«+. -bsesd=telytavg ettad ef?) .ooerkes
meex0: brsyared -dbyi (, 1269) gosgnng #6
(.wureatt (Ciel) RE tRaNaS 2 a
¢ Yo bas jaew yderten {sokteia 9n0yaasitiavab:
gored .TOAS samzosH = .so1e gatbitud od 204 10
erated
50.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent at borders of cultivated fields: one
station near artificial pond at source of Cheston Creek drainage; one
in weedy field near forested valley of Scaffold Creek drainage.
Associate species: Eleusine indica, Ludwigia palustris, Polygonum
persicaria, Setaria glauca, Strophostyles umbellata. Higman 174, 255, 866,
996, 1138.
E. walteri (Pursh) Nash
Java Farm. One station: upstream limit of salt marsh on Muddy
Creek, beyond margin of forest. Hectare 3430. Associate species:
Echinochloa pungens, Baccharis halimifolia, Cyperus strigosus, Asclepias
incarnata, Eclipta alba, Scirpus validus var. creber. Higman 541.
Digitaria
Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl. Crabgrass
Java Farm. Infrequent along Fox Point Road and in yard of burned
house on road to springhouse. Associate species: Juncus tenuis, Rhus
typhina, Paspalum setaceum. Higman 27, 387.
Paspalum
1. Racemes both terminal and axillary, the latter sometimes
hidden in the sheaths; spikelets not more than 2 m.
long.
2. Blades usually not over 8 mm. wide; spikelets
about "1.5 mm. Wong. 20. Veeco cweasececceeewccerseedee Ps Setaceum
2. Blades up to 20 mm. wide; spikelets at least 2 m.
long. (Also, culms erect; leaves sparsely to densely
pilose). Expected (P. pubescens).
1. Racemes terminal on the primary culm or on leafy
branches, not axillary; spikelets 2.5-4 mm. long.
3. Spikelets conspicuously ciliate on the margins;
leaves glabrous. (Also, culms geniculate at base).
Expected (Pp. dilatatum).
3. Spikelets not ciliate; leaves pilose.
4, Plants robust, usually 1-2 m. tall; spikelets
APA W LONGI ieverVeteleioie 6. oie) c)ctele elle ees c/o stele) s/c ele oie) suelerss)) Pe Ot Ganume
4, Plants not robust, less than 1 m. tall; spikelets
usually under 3.5 mm. long.
PAs eerstand 48 J; aaupa
(Re eptuoe 26. ba
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» beakooge stalooews OEE sxsdseH .dagtol Xo néguam baoxed 4
Gevnoniise suisgy) ,silotintlad etxvedpopd <eagaa seh :
apmgth a9da79 tev aublisv augsio® .scts PAGEIAE
7 wey V }
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aan ; Dequee to Gaby hl bes beau sated sol unGla trebpetigs apt aval
,
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Be . TBE TS oomph .mygoezee muitegead yeu
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ot S madd stom Jon etalokiqa ,adsinene ont ne asbbid,
gaok. a
Ta tuxics' sso en BE 1avo0 for Viteited soba la A
| OTS PEs ee ee woevee nol .ar ¢.2 Judge
i zo S&S tans eJoisaige ~abiw ,em 9h 07 as aspaifd set
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ynol .am b-c,S esteiatiqn jyreliixa Jon ssotomsnd”
7 a0! ysaa- 40? wo prettro ylauoustquitcs apvoledtae e
(eeed 36 stalucineg aelan ,oatA) .evordel obi)
(mut6jeleb susie Lib 03) eae
Seolhq asvasl posekiss sho
Giolawiquliny 9 SF yiisivey ,36
Roonmse= ts: Wimns +n .Geens Coe aed
2 - 7
ako
5. Spikelets orbicular, 3-3.2 mm. long. (Also,
blades as long as or longer than the culm).
Expected (P. circulare).
5. Spikelets longer than broad, mostly under
3 mm. long.
6. Sheaths and blades very pilose; culms
ascending to erect. Expected
(P. longipilum).
6. Sheaths and blades glabrous or sparsely
piloses;*culms more spreading.......e..+... P.'daeve
Paspalum setaceum Michx.
Java Farm. One station: yard of burned house on road to
springhouse. Hectare 3417, Partial canopy of Rhus typhina. Associate
species: Digitaria ischaemum, Lonicera japonica, a, Trifolium repens,
Lepidium virginicum, Clematis virginiana. Higman 386.
P, floridanum Michx., var. glabratum Engelm. ex Vasey
Java Farm. Infrequent: one station on Fox Point Road;
associate species: Juncus tenuis, Eragrostis spectabilis, Plantago
aristata. Also one station in Hog Island salt marsh; associate species:
Distichlis spicata, Andropogon scoparius, Panicum virgatum, Juncus
dichotomus. Higman 18, 299.
Paspalum laeve Michx.
Java Farm. One station: south-facing slope north of Phalaris
arundinacea meadow, north of main building area. Hectare 2458,
Spreading Rhus radicans, Campsis radicans, and Rubus spp.; few grassy
spots. Associate species: Lespedeza repens, Hieracium scabrum.
Higman 165.
Panicum
1. Basal leaves similar to culm leaves, not forming
winter rosettes.
2. Plants annual.
3. Spikelets warty, tuberculate. Expected
(P. verrucosum).
3. Spikelets smooth.
4. First glume about 1/4 as long as the spikelet,
blunt, rounded, or truncate; sheaths glabrous;
NOGESNeUADLOUS so cds eee oeccere se Meee e eRe. Gichotomiflorum
Venet em 9.0-£.zeluatdro ovate cg
iia ads xegaot 0 ae
" a eee D ‘bs398
eae
a iis vise beond , pads segirot pastastega: ae
«grad ators”
‘ it,
aelus ;avoliq ysev esbsid bus edasale~.d , | ae
basosqnd |, Jodie 02 gatbiesees 4) fe
» (aligtgnot 3) \P a
A ) ~?Sipfeereqs Yo avordsig esbsald bos edteede 13
: ‘gvost 8 bent angepadene -goibestqe 2100 ants ,2a0tkg-
an ; .xioiM musopdse ing
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| ed baot no Saved bantud Yo brsy zackieie aa ree evel,
SoukocevA § .sntigy? audi to yqonso Iniaus4 ISE giaz09H ¢sauotgr
,BESIT7 Gud torts Sotnoget sysotmod +B SS visstaid ia
‘ .O8f qumgit ,eastoatativ alismsl) ,potarer iy wut
youn’ x9 ,«loegnd muterdetg .isv, erigaM auasbitol?
‘hao Jafot xoF mm fottate sic ‘Jasupszinl - ast svEb ¥
Opeimeth ,eiiicossosge elyeotmes ;Siuas3 guonul igetoeqe abs ay
feahoeqe eselooses deren Jfse bn | goH ak potists sao osfA —
guogul ,susegity muon _gulzsqose pogogorthnA .s3s9Ege
»#2S BL amyl
Sivelasy jo dixon sqoie gutsni~izuce = imolif2 a0 - ares BvsL! .
(Beas exetneaH asta guibiiud mism io Gdioc ,WwOobASst BASE bi cs
wewane WO) ;.qq5 aude fas ,ecsotbay Bteqms.! ,egsstpss But guibssge “a
be sMEPIGRIO BUT OS Se.) ,BaogeT See ast evlosge s3etsoaehy 6t0qa |
: 204 semi’
enimioi Jon ,esves! mfus od zalinke ssvasl Tegan
.a9339207 we3abw
-igeone wee so a
on, aa ; :
[otodian site gaolies 6\f a:
gavordslg adissde yoIeonwT3 |
Pp Sduige ses vaehay (csc Aveeueeehs
Te oe
= an
x a re. ‘ if 7
D2.
4, First glume about 1/2 as long as the spikelet,
acute or acuminate; sheaths hirsute or
villous; nodes bearded. (Also, panicle
erect; spikelets not more than 4 mm. long).
5. Panicle more than 1/2 the entire length
of plant. (Also, panicle as broad as
lons)rm\ spikelets 2=2 55! mm. Pome. seseheye! oe sereers P. capillare
5. Panicle not more than 1/3 the entire
length of plant. Expected (P. philadelphicum).
2. Plants perennial.
6. Plants without creeping, scaly rhizomes.
Expected (P, agrostoides, P. stipitatum).
6. Plants with creeping, scaly rhizomes.
7. Pedicels of spikelets usually over 3 mm. long.
8. Panicle long and narrow; spikelets 5-6.5
mm. long; sandy seacoast habitat. Expected
(P. amarum).
8. Panicle moderately diffuse; spikelets
4.5 mm. long; salt marsh and tidal stream
habitat. (Also, culms rigid, terete;
sheaths not compressed)...... #181 vous, e010 « ... P. virgatum
7. Pedicels of spikelets 1-3 mm. long. (Also,
panicle open; spikelets 3.3-3.7 mm. long;
culms firm to soft; culms and sheaths
compressed; terrestrial habitat)..........s.0. P. anceps
. Basal leaves unlike the cauline ones, forming winter
rosettes (except in P. depauperatum, the leaves then
crowded near the base).
9. Spikelets glabrous or nearly so.
10. Spikelets about 3.5 mm. long. (Also, sheaths
pilose; blades scabrous above, pilose beneath).
Expected (P. depauperatum).
10. Spikelets less than 3 mm. long.
11. Spikelets 1.5 mm. long or less. (Also, ligule
not over 1.5 mm. long; nodes bearded)...... P. microcarpon
11. Spikelets 2-3 mm. long. Expected (5 species,
especially P. dichotomum). (Also, blades 2
cm. wide or more, strongly nerved, scabrous,
round at base; spikelets 3 mm. long).
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bs ema Bi “So s$uetid edisora sstedinties, 10. esuDe,
sisbaan. ~oRlA). \ xbabxsad: zabon. paueliiv. ~
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} tee :
pee sabia. fs . SX 1 parr eis STOR wakes
as baotd 28 sloingeq ,calk) ,JInalg io’
aie te aes Sa mm ©. S-S etelaitqa (grek
etitne eft E\I sits Som Sor sin tnet et
Cota grsearte ns «1) bedoaqea sjasig to digaet- =;
= S<oupiit
na oe ‘So
Latnsersgq emnelt aa a -
“ senosiiz yisse .gatqaeto aueiitiw ssnbld-. oe
; (apindegtie +3 -pebtosecigs »a) bsiasyze
a a 2
al panosiis vlace ,gnicaes> atiw eirelt 8
; en?
gaol «ins avo Viisuauw sisteratge 2 99 L599 o4¥
ra
c,e@-c, 83 wigs ;woy tes Pp Theis Llarhad 8 %
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ihrer
ajaledtaqa jsaviitl srSshou ; 8 d
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saio153 ,bFgit em.ur d 3
mussativ .F -.- swe vewees e AOS pron oe
,oala) enol .mm P-f aeteleadiqe te afacl bed. <A
bora Lit -—-+ eyalisarye S40 Sipioag
sii2cede bra = 5 623604 oF mat? Bali areal
ban (jeeate? ~bessoigmeo aa
es bh
S3niW & ro3 11 Se uns S@2 98AsAs HOVBSL ~ iene oor
tad? covnel aid ,evlsatequagsd «i 8 iqaoxs) g9tsedoT | ee
‘gead eds saan Sebwors :
/
\
yitsen 1 avotdelg eteledigqe &
ad tasia oe.A) -afot oe c.€ auada etaiaadiga OL ”
Adjéenbd Seoltq ,svode euotdssa esbald j;eeoltg
ausa7eguBgSb i) botoagxd »), i
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Dis
9. Spikelets pubescent, some sparingly so.
WAG
WAP
Spikelets 3 mm. long or more.
13. Blades of leaves at midculm 15 times as
long as wide. (Also, sheaths hispid or
glabrous; spikelets pointed). Expected
(P. depauperatum).
13. Blades of leaves at midculm seldom over
10 times as long as wide. (Also,
spikelets 3.5-4 mm. long or more).
14. Blades velvety-pubescent beneath.
Expected (P. ravenelii, P. boscii v. molle).
14. Blades not velvety-pubescent beneath.
15. Sheaths glabrous or minutely
puberulent.
16. Nodes bearded; spikelets 4 mn.
long or more. Expected
(P. boscii).
16. Nodes not bearded; spikelets
about 2.8 mm. long....... eeeeee P. commutatum
15. Sheaths bristly. (Also, blades
2 em. wide or more)..... Re Fu eurelenettel aes P. clandestinum
Spikelets less than 3 mm. long. (Also, blades
usually over 5 mm. wide).
17. Spikelets attenuate at base; blades
tapering from base to apex. Expected
(P. angustifolium).
17. Spikelets not attenuate at base; blades
otherwise. (Also, sheaths not retrorsely
pilose).
18. Ligule (1.5) 2-5 mm. long.
19, Sheaths, or all but the lowest,
glabrous. (Also, ligule 4-5 mm.
long; spikelets 1.5 mm. long: leaf
blades and axis of panicle glabrous
or nearly so). Expected (P. lindheimeri).
. “a esas ry: iki Pry Laoeats Ae pains ee
To bigetd adjieeda |, oafA) sbtw as. snot) a
hadoaqxd , dial Bisiattaé ranordeig.( 5
* Cquisssquagah HY
reve mobios miarobiin te ei tc pobald. Ef =:
~ORLA) .Sbiw as anoi.ae eemta OF
«(Strom 40 gool .om h-¢.€ edatedigs mee
sd38onad ,3assesduq-yteviay asbelf .Al Dee.
if 4). bssoaqna -
oteenrsd joovzeduq-yiISvisy. jon. ashslf-.el
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C0 ee: rovG yifeuev
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y asbald +AG té& Steud Atjatlaties «bh ee
i. bas2gGgx" yaqga G2 saed mo7t gaisegqes —— _
-(muklotiijauagne A)
esbsid :2 is stnuneiie, fon ataleAhqe? aVk
yvisato1jsx Jon afjeods ,otLA) sarlbvosdio
- (sanite
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,jaewol sd tud Lis 20 ,atlseed@ .25
am @-) Siugi! ,oelA) .euordsle mop
©. Feel anol mmc. aisiediqe, pgabh 9) 2 Fe f
. avozdala ol>iaeq io abxs (pobtll sey ,=g
Wtemtedbai! .3) beasecai vloe cio 39” al
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la
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19, Sheaths pubescent. (Also, culms and
spikelets usually so).
20. Spikelets not more than 2 mm. long.
21. Ligule 1-1.5 mm. long. Expected
(P. tsugetorum).
21. Ligule 2-5 mm. long.
22. Axis of panicle glabrous or puberulent.
(Also, spikelets 1.3-1.6
mm. long). Expected (P. meridionale).
22. Axis of panicle pilose.
23. Spikelets 1-1.3 mm. long.
Expected (P. leucothrix).
23. Spikelets 1.6-1.9 mm. long.
24. Culms, sheaths, and blades
velvety.ccscccceecececeeee P. Lanuginosum
24. Culms, sheaths, and blades
spreading-pilose. Expected
(P. huachucae).
20. Spikelets about 2.5 mm. long. (Also,
culms, sheaths, and blades densely
villous). Expected (P. villosissimum). See Appendix 1.
18. Ligule absent.
25. Nodes bearded.
26. Spikelets 1.3-1.5 mm. long............ P. microcarpon
26. Spikelets 2 mm. long or more.
Expected (P. mattamuskeetense).
25. Nodes not bearded.
27. Plant velvet-pubescent throughout.
Expected (P. scoparium).
27. Plant not velvety throughout.
28. Sheaths pilose or hispid.
“hea wats set) Pree ednases (en)
3 then Tene rectal :
anos «tn & mas ease 00 asaleiige ae
a boszequ gaol jm oe Riscoht is
(quyotague 8)
vatol mm &-S elught ke”
sumeiowsdeq 16 sucrdsly slotarng Yo etxA .SS : Pi
Saivet Lt etefstiqan ,oalA) ipa
o
~{olgootbt tom ‘fom «> bstasqxd iA gOS betta ioe
genitg sioiusd to ala .oS8
: ; ;
ier f smaol- am €,[-). siulastae. £5 oe!
mi, , \ Poo ” :
, ae eAxignvosvel .f) hsetneqxd =
la Sete NES, #2)
mero ,om al-d,l etalotig?’ ,f¢ a
at eehe!ld bis ,efstesia , amit bt
SS DE ee ee ere
o. OGbaid bos ,eftdcots ,aelod , Af i.
Te beasoayet § .aeollg-patbasras bs
i) ,
: A yutseui 9) . s
; eae J
ae oa :
‘aa Ve L ch
i ad yOu LA) Hit0 C+ tueda ataloaiiqd .0f
a — ¥Viganéh asteld tan ,adtaadh., amtus
ae oh wkbmaqgA 252 -temeteeteoiity .4) hetoeasd 4 Cevelity
‘ ie . Insedo alight BP
7 Te, i. va - 7
: 1 " babrusd? gebot 2 :
~ |
#35 faatqe Ox '
ae
24
25
MN
»2nol
rom 19 gtol .om S etelTedage . 6h
| Seaniosisueszisa .1) basoequtl
-babxaed Jax “anor
sauoniguandy anaeddug-soulo inert a
54.
20 Billadeswe2memen wad Chote MOTO cvs lsvekeierareions suchen . P. clandestinum
29. Blades less than 1 cm. wide.
Expected (P. addisonii).
28. Sheaths glabrous or puberulent.
29. Spikelets spherical. (Also, blades
cordate, white-margined). Expected
(P. polyanthes).
29. Spikelets ovate.
30. Spikelets 2.3-3 mm. long.
30. Spikelets less than 2 mm. long.
Expected (P. columbianum).
31. Culms glabrous or nearly so;
blades 1.5 cm. wide or more....... P. commutatum
31. Culms puberulent; blades not over
1 cm. wide. Expected (P. ashei).
Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.
Java Farm. One station: border of salt marsh on tidal portion
of Muddy Creek. Associate species: Spartina alterniflora, Rumex
verticillatus. Higman 290.
P. capillare L. Old-witch Grass
Java Farm. One station: small old field north of main buiding
area. Hectare 2580. lLonicera japonica and Vitis vulpina dominant.
Higman 539.
P. virgatum L. var. spissum Linder Switchgrass
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in salt marshes,
especially the more inland parts. Associate species: Distichlis spicata,
Pluchea camphorata, Spartina patens. Higman 89, 344, 440, 973, 1027,
1050; W055.
P. anceps Michx.
Java Farm. Infrequent in woods between Muddy Creek and Phalaris
arundinacea meadow, north of main building area. Canopy of Fagus
grandifolia, Platanus occidentalis, and Quercus alba. Associate
species: Lindera benzoin, Glyceria striata, Onoclea sensibilis,
Duchesnea indica. Higman 181, 474, 1111.
eb es toe & ae palais nebnia eS B
Linoetbhs +3) ‘basosgxd ee a
Lsaslrodug 10 evoxdels arliand® 8 9) |e
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besseqzee 4 (beatgrem-atiny ,otabane See
(eetigeyioy va ,
«Steve adalsitad: 2s
r enol .mm €-6,.8 etaloedtae of
ral
enor oon aadd aesl Bialattqe Oe ae
»(munstdmutoas .7) batssquil yeas,
i son vwitesn xo euondedg atiud .tt ok
i Gemdmgummon 1S .......970m to shiv .mo ¢.[ avbheld
le s —— \
e ® ae : f
s9V0 ton eebsid ;tealinecug an = ft
{joras. .4)\ betosqxi ah Ev om
, Molasoq labia iy desam glaa io 3296300 ire g338 sim wis T svet us
Vxemet jpxoltiicntls eatizey2 eetosqe ssetooaas 19970 \ybbu age
05 mowptH .episll ise sere
Aee30 fosiw-bio J stslitags Wi
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anedbmob soigluy atity bus stooge! sxsoimod ,08h) pxejosh _ eee
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poetatast tise fi jxeboudn yflazazeboM .dosii.yvl bras eet evet.
asiteid .igetosye eisinoesA. «.eiteq. basinal, sxem eng vilsissges
TOT whXe ye SAE cs noua enezey ogi sac 2 sisted . ees :
: -fe0L , 2
vedoB eqeone 44
: anit oe weo73 “ebbult maewiod wboow mt ioonpatinl are ‘aval
rT Re-yqons> seve getblted atem Io ps wobsea sapamkbm
D0
P. microcarpon Muhl.
Java Farm. Infrequent in Hog Island salt marsh, near landward
margin. Associate species: Panicum virgatum, Cyperus filicinus,
Juncus dichotomus.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent on west shore of Cheston Creek. Associate
species: Danthonia spicata, Hieracium venosum, Panicum commutatum,
Rosa carolina. Higman 303, 446, 847.
P. commutatum Schult.
Ivy Neck. One station: west shore of Cheston Creek. Canopy of
Quercus prinus, Quercus alba. Associate species: Danthonia spicata,
Hieracium venosum, Panicum microcarpon. Higman 848.
P. clandestinum L.
Java Farm. Infrequent along Muddy Creek valley and Fox Creek
drainage. Associate species: Geum canadense, Carex blanda, Danthonia
spicata, Muhlenbergia schreberi, Perilla frutescens. Higman 87,
3089322), 0/185: 832.
Panicum lanuginosum Ell.,
var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Fern.
Ivy Neck. One station: abandoned unpaved road through forest on
Scaffold Peninsula. Canopy of Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Fagus
grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera. Associate species: Houstonia
purpurea, Juncus tenuis, Vernonia glauca. Higman 841.
CYPERACEAE
1. Flowers unisexual, the staminate and pistillate
in the same or in different spikes (the latter
resembling spikelets).
2. Achene naked, bony, supported on a disc.
Expected (Scleria).
2. Achene enclosed in a sac (perigynium) borne in
the axil of a bract or scale. (Also, culms mostly
triangular; leaves with sheath, ligule, and midrib;
spikes in axils of leafy or scalelike bracts,
often aggregated into heads)....csecescceveceeeveee Carex
1. Flowers perfect, spikes essentially uniform.
3. Spikelets 1-2-flowered, with 2-many empty basal
scales. Expected (Rhynchospora).
8270: mojesta Yo exe jasv ao sngupertal.
eeedumime ste gumnney. mikogze i »22sotqe
; "NAB. gORR -LOE. Gomgh
[te waged .dsex) nesacdd Io stode Inew saottase and wloot wie,
oPive Mahood tinG :2etooqa asia taaeas Bd28 BuQ79uG 5 auokas Bus
‘ * 868 tenwkH soonest tot mined, masa Ory g
rt et i bees sia
foe ee
Weasd wot bas yeifskw dsaxD vbbuM gaols tnsupesxini .wied BYBL:
Bhoodaand Bhogid xers) ,geangbaaso mig) . vestosqe stelooweh .a§
ave ia sMppssnjus? ullixsd «htadartiios etaredas iam ye
She 28% eos
Ro s6a502 fguotlt beor bovaqay benodasd: roljsie onD doa Yves.
"i Buges «eniduiey avo19vp , adie guoyoy) Yo ¥qonB. iLuenioel biepite
atenseinl. savlinde stoinoues Lig? osbrabotahd ~ebiots
S68 meng! ,etune? gust .somee
: :
W SATIAAS
i iM ' + = em got
408 Ail pei fiseta | bis. gt2netmsze an i? .lewrseteg eyoval
ee is336) a3) asdige 2 12th ah 4o some Stale
ssolexkqe gokidnseet
th s bo badszoegqua ,yhod badan: apelae 3! a :
(etx9E98) besonget ae
nt erred (aulirygtz9q) 56a # mt beeolone oonteh
visoom amins ,o#fA) sles so t2axd 2 tof
idixbior bas. ,efegil ,diacde ditw aeveel pxéiugeetay ne
' ,eioeid oiilsiace 1 ytsel to alien ae >
BBIOD y~ 0s oe ede deber evs sues labood otal betsgorage
=~ 5 eta aux a :
> rLintanveen/
56,
3. Spikelets many-flowered (if only 1-flowered, the spikelets
in densely glomerulate heads with 2-ranked scales), with
1 of the lower scales empty (more in Eriophorum).
4, Scales of spikelet strictly 2-ranked, folded
lengthwise and keeled.
5. Inflorescences terminal simple or compound umbels
or glomerules; flowers without perianth bristles;
achene without a tubercle or enlarged style-base..... Cyperus
5. Inflorescences axillary, from leaf sheaths;
flowers with a perianth of bristles; achene
capped by a long tubercle. Expected (Dulichium).
4, Scales of spiklet spirally arranged (sometimes 2-
ranked in Eleocharis, with single terminal spikelets).
5. Achene crowned by a persistent bulbous tubercle.
6. Culms naked, the basal colored sheaths
usually bladeless; spikelet terminal;
perianth of bristles) often Present: ee <a sja'e orelee: si ere
6. Culms leafy or leafy-based; spikelets 2-
many, in terminal or axillary inflorescences
with leafy involucres; perianth wanting.
Expected (Bulbostylis, Psilocarya).
5. Achene without a tubercle (Scirpus may have a small
point on the achene, left by the fallen style).
7. Flowers with one or more inner subtending’ scales
or with dilated sepals. Expected (Hemicarpha).
7. Flowers without inner subtending scales or
dilated sepals (may have bristle perianth).
8. Style dilated at base, deciduous below the
enlargement; perianth wanting. Expected
(Fimbristylis).
8. Style terete, slender; perianth usually present.
9. Perianth of 1 to 6 broad bristles. (Also,
spikelets with an involucre of 1 erect or
severaligspreading eaves iayer. stele sieles «cess 6 es
9, Perianth of many long silky bristles.
Expected (Eriophorum).
. Eleocharis
wihge ofa. havent Yin tt) berewoltacnatt
figs" ‘testeae. beiifet~S ifsiv ehast oFefovemaly
_ Uauroigotst ink stort) ages idishe TSwOk od to"
babLo® padays~S viwoirts telediga 10 pees
bata fie de kudtsgas eh
blades bimwognos to sigata Jantersss enunssestOlgan, ieee
tgeitelad dtnsixvey suvtstw sxewolt? sasivigmels 40 |
[Seid-alvis basieine xo siazodu2 Bo ron tie Sansone ae sm
sansasra Ins! no yt A : LRE 5 jreasasito0 Lint So 4
7. , i qenisa anttetid to t4nsiteq 8 132kw arswold -— ee, iy
on Agtidsting) ‘batceqx? .elsiduzy gaoiis xd beqges | east
© comtiseor) beanetre \ilastqe Jelitqs. to e3fso8 Whe
7 ‘i dedetettue fantmiad signte dtiw ,atzedsosls ti beanat
; Blows. did geazekareq a yd (boenves5 (ensdoé et Tana
; , : —— a :
ry wiaeeds botofoo feasd sad , Dares ourliroe ya Ta
aadiered Joledtue seisoaid vieoieo
labisiuos (7 ct is 1449697 to2 seitelio i aang i
fsa 7: of 4 aul #5 fs) “
ery ’ r we ‘ lentes cr ,.YREN
few djgtel townt visal a4 pe
(eviB 4° mnodiol) hessaqen “
ae
. fuot & eved yar ayogies dissed jvudiw sasiioh ft
ty auntie “Fy wuisé sit ho Jnkat
“ e6lioe gribusytde ai ano tiiw et ie (ou
(pha teoion't ; : 216958 hid ¥ oa
eames a a
i t Toniti ois 83 wolt wFa
,
f LL 3 fd sved Yam! Riso» hAgdALL! /
ori 3 tee 1) i se60 36 bajsitb eer 68
bssoeexs itiaw diastreq ,Itsmse te ing
(eblyserviaity : ;
sgneesiq Vilswer diosissy rsslmisibk ,828107 eiyit &
worla) veslietad beozwd 8 of I 30 dinsized se) ae
%o 4o07e J Yo stadlovat an dsiw eitaisdiga "
Sete dh ol viveery vv egevvesi wrihbeergs [sisvan, poy LY
saulgated wail: yee Lees ak ee
eo a
Diliae
Carex
(from Hermann, 1941)
Key to Sections
1. Spike one.
2. Spikes with pistillate flowers above, staminate
ones below, many-flowered; perigynia strongly
inflateds sess else cyevenese euspaieje!Sestses; 0,6) + oF neisieiepseiees fo GUamLOSaem (ps, /0is)
2. Spikes with staminate flowers above, pistillate
ones below; perigynia not inflated. Expected
(Phyllostachyae, Polytrichoideae). Species in
expected sections are listed on p. 68a.
1. Spikes more than one.
3. Stigmas two; achenes lenticular.
4. Lateral spikes sessile, short; terminal spike
usually with both pistillate and staminate flowers.
5. Culms arising singly or few-together from
long-creeping rootstocks. Expected (Divisae,
Arenariae).
5. Culms tufted, the rootstocks occasionally
prolonged with short internodes but not
long-creeping.
6. Spikes with staminate flowers above,
pistillate ones below.
7. Perigynia tapering into the beak or,
if abruptly contracted, the culms
flaccid and flattening in drying.
Expected (Vulpinae).
7. Perigynia abruptly contracted into the
beak; culms not flaccid nor flattening
in drying.
8. Spikes usually 10 or fewer,
PT CSMAS Ir arenette iayeiei ste covevielshelollekeveverere) sreleverereie Bracteosae (p. 62)
8. Spikes numerous, yellowish or
brownish at maturity; leaf-sheaths
often red-dotted ventrally.
Bloghnes2 -,eveds aswel). sisiliietg ditw ssdkqh ¢
ylgaoida sinyaited :bsxewoll-vasm ,wolsd asgo
. ee Mayen RNa eC RN otrenn SDL EQeRS ebotsttak,
ia etetitzata avods axawolt stsomins3s S3iw rare =
Aa betoequd .bsselint, jon shinet ~aa° paroled este. ie
a. fF apkosge (geghtodatrayts LoS ,seysioadeoliydd) “4
5 889 1.9 oo baterl sxe anohisas batsagee
ia sto. nad orci, aeceeaee
oe | re
Taluoijasl sansa ows sen hie Py ate
, Yeaitqea tontwiss p1ic yaltaese asdiqs tarated sho ie
yamowol? sjontmete bas edeliisely djed Miia ywOlerran
; x? redtssor-wsi to yignte giteize anivo 6 ee
ij gheatyil) basoaqii ,aasotatooy gittqssioragnol = Z
» (5ST aRST Ee i
SS
‘ei lunoras 34 jsjooe.ed2. ,betivs aks .f
| Jon dud trace diiw besanlorg De
: : gnigosta-gnot
i svods arawolt siantmete doiw esdtigd: .d
ore wot wang Ose l Lisaig . —
n° |
‘a ro Need sd32 oini soiveca? esinygtrst .¥ cs
_ amigas sdi .bsdossinoo yisquide tf
pittvobh ot gulaeigal? bas biooslt
»(senigivuy) beasequd
4d3 nand bojoe7Ineo zlagusds. staygtiet sf
gntasjjel) rom blooel? joo emiua ;aesa
a .gnivsh at
,~yaust ro OL yiisvey esuigqa .8
‘Pezoszos:!: PTO ET Coe CURR ET ET OTE a ert
yo do lwulisy,.asorsmuq. eadiee oe
eitdaga- ins Sinckntre a5 + dapeedae,
58.
9. Perigynia plano-convex, thin,
yellowish; bracts mostly much
exceeding the spikes; leaf-
sheaths usually transversely
rugose ventrally... ..tideadsecen. Mulbitloracmaps 10)
9. Perigynia thick-plano-convex
or unequally biconvex, brown;
bracts mostly shorter than the
spikes; leaf-sheaths not
transversely rugose. Expected
(Paniculatae).
6. Spikes with pistillate flowers above,
staminate ones below.
10. Perigynia with winged margins......... Ovales (p. 65)
10. Perigynia without winged margins,
at most thin-edged. Expected
(Stellulatae, Deweyanae, Heleonastes).
4, Lateral spikes peduncled or, if sessile, elongate;
terminal spike usually staminate,
11. Achenes constricted in the middle; scales
3—nerved iliong—awned Toes cccseresececoleeess CLYPLOCarpae (p. 66)
11. Achenes not constricted in the middle;
scales 1l-nerved, not long-awned. Expected
(Acutae).
3. Stigmas three; achenes trigonous.
12, Perigynia or foliage pubescent.
13. Style continuous with the achene, persistent,
indurated. Expected (Paludosae).
13. Style articulated with the achene, at
length deciduous.
14. Achenes closely enveloped by the
perigynia; bracts sheathless or
nearly so.
15, Perigynia obtusely triangular or
orbicular-triangular in cross-
section; plant (except perigynia)
elabrousecmente Voi eare steels Suiceaton ... Montanae (p- 66)
nbs savacsoonet Siaygt1sh .&
Hout yisaom etoerd jialwolley
a}asl yestiqa ort “gnkbesox9 a Bens
‘yisaxavens1d vilsuey aptheda i
stale dacues sn eReeeerna agtyoy
aivnos-one le-sorsds etaygitsd .&
‘nyord ,xeveontd yilsupsny 70° © dart
444 and. ned10de yiseom 35070 eae
jon spsesia-teal ;2sAiqe ait; - Seay oe
bajosqrl “.s80geT (isepoventk3 = a
on
; ,4 : ‘ ¢ . wg Oe ii
avois arowolt sjetlistelg fit 6 rqs: 4,4 = 5
wolsd ashe stectao 7
~ ~ 5
(f8 +a) emlay .-se.ne enistem o2oRnryv itw wtrivets9 i a
i” . "ie
a =
~ eatexzea begittv auantiw Bb Of :
_ ia doaqxs el :
: (epseempeia’s ,rannyswsd ,sesetuClosc) a
: a7
ot
taaagapls ,sitease Ti . 5 beianul asttae Invatad .* ;
pJanlanie feyec sAroqa laokiries
i
; fret! tf : -
o a Oa ATT RIOD YY iJ > ' rerun , hugwa-nGol , bSvisiet :
sibdbin (i 9 5baganc 4 esrensA ff
3554 “i oi Ja sovusn—l estate
= (SsJucas
@ yours? eenSnoe s5a7TH3 sama tic ra 2
Lf ; é Ss
dngaeteteq ,aneos off file eumimtszeno si¢ie «tL
saqxd .bsaearbnk
4a .snadoe of dotw bersiversis sivis .£1
,auoubraeb dagast
eda yd bsqolevns yteaoio sensioé Ot
qo gaefdjsore added rataygrq
,o& yitssa
to telu:; 13 qiseuide staygiiet sef
~BROT.
Bias
39).
15. Perigynia sharply triangular in
cross-section; plant pubescent.
Expected (Triquetrae).
14. Achenes not closely enveloped by the per-
igynia or, if so, the bracts strongly
sheathing.
16. Beak of perigynium strongly bidentate;
leaves septate-nodulose. Expected (Hirtae).
16. Beak of perigynium at most shallowly
bidentate; leaves not septate-nodulose.
17. Bracts long-sheathing, or at least
thesilowersoness soe. sa. Geeee.ce ee | Laxitloraes (ps) 66)
17. Bracts sheathless or the lower ones
short—sheathing. scac.scersecnsscs Nirescentesy (ps 00)
12. Perigynia and foliage glabrous.
18. Style not articulated, continuous with the
achene, persistent, indurated.
19. Perigynia subcoriaceous, firm. Expected
(Paludosae).
19. Perigynia membranaceous.
20. Perigynia obconic or broadly obovoid,
truncately contracted into long,
subuilatet beakea: «sche meeeiieee ces sce, Sqlarrosaegcps 61)
20. Perigynia lanceolate to ovoid or globose-
ovoid, not truncately contracted.
21. Perigynia lanceolate or ovoid-
lanceolate, tapering into the beak.
Expected (Lupulinae, Collinsiae,
Folliculatae).
21. Perigynia broader, abruptly con-
tracted into the beak, usually
strongly ribbed.
22. Perigynia finely and closely
ribbed. Expected (Pseudo-cyperi).
22. Perigynia coarsely ribbed.
ie vigande stayghisd .éf
dasveatoa 300! pRolioosreeors
(aatdsnnixt) aa ii arcane Sh
Jas agmoias » AE
x
syaq att yd baqolsvne ¢lasets
vignowje atoard ed ,98 2: .20 siaygt
gatdtasnes
\ Lasetmabht yi gnos: oe minigtyet td teeh .oL 2 > ~~ .
va (ap txih) hes9oqx eanlubog-sisiges esvesl ~*~ i
viveliads Jeon tu °owinygiysd jo dnok OL . |
eeelubor-sisjqen Jon asvesl ;oratashid 3 5 Le ne
iS Wassl Io ‘yO. , gtisissda~s P I J
eand taveol ont YO £89) djseda atoatd a
MMMEMEESARY ice casey eee yee Siidosaderstoda ; ar
ie ; uuotdely opaticat brs ataeghvet «Sh
ie ais #3h6 cuountidos ,badaluntixs. on alyae 8h
2 bat ,teetblayaq- ,eredoe
t
mh besbeqxs " ,sugecaliosdye aimratasd. .
buted) ia
ea ~byovoda yibaosrd yo sinmoo ¥otasd .OS
’ ea) P i tz
226 4 83 ue
a
D —secdola to biova nz stslosonet atnoyetied «0S "saa
/ » - :
sPSIDeISOOD Yias thor Zon ,dLovO
*“biove to sislosonel sievgired «1h
sMaod Sift osnt amet aoRe pin ioasnat
seatenils soantivoc!) barssexd >
pa Slat: pa tt NA AAS
(gesiuo si ioy
—1o2 yliqurds ,rebso1d sinvgized «LS
yileirew ,desd 53 ota ba3o"75
-beddis ylganzse
eiaaola bus: ¢len: alespiar: 85 . | .
| cer te
abeast iutoes ntoystzes iS ,
ri a
60.
23. Perigynia 7-10 mm. long;
achenes 2-3 mm. long, 1.25-
2s 2 Sammi BWA Ges Peversidore chelaeheisieiers Vesa cardiae (pe) Oo)
23. Perigynia 10-20 mm. long;
achenes 2.5-6 mm. long,
2-4 mm. wide. Expected (Lupulinae).
18. Style articulated with the achene, at length
deciduous.
24. Achenes strongly constricted at base,
rounded at apex; lower pistillate scales
bract-like. Expected (Phyllostachyae).
24. Achenes not strongly constricted at base,
short-pointed at apex; lower pistillate
scales not bract-like.
25. Lower bracts sheathless or short-
sheathing. Expected (Shortianae, Atratae,
Gracillimae).
25. Lower bracts long-sheathing.
26. Bracts bladeless or with
rudimentary blades. Yoq0dad« <suaceuee) Laxttlorae, (ps 66)
26. Bracts with well-developed blades.
27. Foliage, especially the sheaths,
pubescent or puberulent. Expected
(Gracillimae, Sylvaticae).
27. Foliage glabrous.
28. Beak of perigynium bidentate.
Expected (Extensae).
28. Beak of perigynium at most
emarginate.
29. Pistillate spikes elongate,
linear to cylindric, on
slender peduncles, the lower
usually drooping; perigynia
not sharply trigonous.
Expected (Gracillimae,
Sylvaticae).
ad gor el ne aemdon. aah
1) pata oe Si
sgnok «um DeDt ykovat vot ofS.
sageol, ma, 22,5 gedados
" gnaniosus) betoaga abby som d-S
(ened da hewsbetanc:
aeleos, inl ila
s(peyioaten tl) yi) bSsISq42
"sages t
{9260 Jn -beiniziesoo yigoorde
Stalifiselts
a
& gesidissie @etos1d yawod .th—
¥ ye ¥ Se .
‘ She TIA bstosqxi gitkiisacule eae
ry (Smit i toa to ; j
ae) My te — ee
7 r al
am =. _ euobdteeda-gro!s jatonad sewed «ts
4 >
, dHalw so eeolebeld satoard 0s
Uy Ge-..4) Berora ie t 11. .+s vase es t9beld voasnentbor oan
i esbald bscofevaeb-ilew diiw, e25014 «OS
H ra wa
> ~nitaeiea silt y haaqt eetiot §
“ae Sedaogxd «Aneiviscug 10 Inmsoesoug
a ' (959% ppami li toa) 7 =
aon A
i See ieee 4
va i Ly SLB Yas» ' = 4
- »
-(spattxe) bstaaaxd
bean +0
-oJauigyase
2eom 3h ALOU
~esegacis asdiqe atulitigid -0f
: so .oltbailys o3 reaatl
waWol ot ,cslomvbeq szabasla
§ sloygizeg ;ackquosb yiiavay
eens. Vitalie tacit. a
t -be3 .
digits! ta. ,Snsios sis Asiw ‘bodelantasa oleae BL.
vignovie, denedoA
.eeqe 28
sali -topxd
SArr
ated
ssywol :xadn Js bsaning
ektiinaserd jon esisse ~ me
~sseinehid muitovslie¢ to 2808 Bs
Age .85
~. «BUOUD. teh.
ag
babaver,
~
garadod, bs
prods
61.
29. Pistillate spikes short, oblong
or linear, erect or, if drocping,
either on long capillary peduncles
or with the perigynia sharply
trigonous.
30. Perigynia with numerous
fine impressed nerves.
Expected (Oligocarpae, Griseae).
30. Perigynia with few to many
strongly raised nerves.
31. Perigynia rounded at
the base, suborbicular
in cross-section, loosely
enveloping the achenes.
Expected (Granulares).
31. Perigynia tapering at
the base, trigonous,
closely enveloping the
achenes.
32. Rootstocks elongate,
often with long
horizontal stolons.
Expected (Paniceae).
32. Rootstocks not
elongate, without
long horizontal
Stollonse.eedece sede Laxitlonrae) i (pis 66)
Keys to the Species
Section Squarrosae.
1. Perigynia shorter than the rough-awned scales, 14-20-
ribbed; terminal spike usually staminate, narrowly
linear, .5-2.5 mm. long; ligule not longer than wide
or slightly so; achenes about 1.5 mm. long..........-. C. frankii
1. Perigynia much longer than the scales, several-ribbed
above; terminal spike with pistillate flowers above,
staminate ones below; ligule much longer than wide;
achenes 2.2-3 mm. long.
_molte ‘ode potloe szai! rite ee
(on ae Owe, BRIE L zee re
i q ysalirges ROL 66 Yad Tho ‘Ee pa
a - “eqande BEDE ISe 40 Hate ta: ; Ra Oe
reuoRt scala
=, ee
evoramin: daiw Abingginne OF
267 t98n iad endl sind ;
Tvsgont0 ;geararogrtS) bayonexl
Wome -ot wei diiv atovgized ,0£
mevien hyelnos vincoris
om babauoy Bluveiast Le “ie
walextdsadve Jobad on3 ; ;
Vameool ,agkiawa-reoyo of +,
, riley or? 8a Ego fouvns
Ann} b6t25qKq
r ePuoONORT i] J240 ‘4
aii anigyoleviim Yierols ay
-shaorsaups notinag
=OF-8! ,solnse benwn-dgvor eda o€d2 secrete alnyptist we
¥ lwo za: stacrlowen vileuauv odtqs faninws? .beddie
shiv oana tedrol Jon slugil jack «mm C.S88. Semone | te
Sivas Oe eee om ¢,£ suoda eensise pom Ulsdgi is ag
beddiy-Isisevar ~apleoe of9 medd segnol dome Bhaggiees fe
= Yevods erevol? stellizetg dtiw sthqe leckerss yaveds: am
pebiwerads tagmo! dove alvgit ~whled gene etapkaadeg
a onal tin E~S 4 i é gi"
Pray 7 ae
6 a is
a iw
62.
2. Beaks of perigynia appressed-ascending; spikes
oblong-cylindric; achenes obovoid, their sides
concave; pistillate scales mostly blunt; style
straight below. Expected (C. typhina)
2. Beaks of perigynia widely radiating; spikes oval
or oblong-oval; achenes linear-oval, their sides
almost flat; pistillate scales acute to short-
awned; style strongly curved below............c¢++- C. squarrosa
Carex frankii Kunth Sedge
Java Farm. One station: beside old entrance road near junction
with road to springhouse. Hectare 3408. Associate species: Juncus
tenuis, Agropyron repens, Verbascum blattaria.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent; at edge of woods near drainage of Cheston
Creek. Canopy of Liquidambar styraciflua, Platanus occidentalis, Diospyros
virginiana. Higman 797, 859, 1020.
C. squarrosa L. Sedge
Ivy Neck. One station: west bank of upper Cheston Creek estuary.
Canopy of Quercus velutina, Acer rubrum, Juglans nigra, Liquidambar
styraciflua. Higman 744,
Section Bracteosae.
1. Sheaths loose, mottled with green and white, usually
septate-nodulose dorsally; leaf-blades 4.5-8 mm. wide.
Expected (C. aggregata, C. sparganioides).
1. Sheaths tight, not mottled or inconspicuously so,
nor septate-nodulose dorsally (except sometimes in
C. leavenworthii); leaf-blades 1-4.5 mm. wide.
2. Perigynia distended and spongy at the base, usually
wide-spreading or reflexed at maturity.
3. Beaks of perigynia smooth, scarcely exceeding
the acuminate, deciduous scales. Expected
(C. retroflexa).
3. Beaks of perigynia minutely serrulate, much
exceeding the obtuse or somewhat acute, persis-—
tent scales.
4, Stigmas long, slender, seldom twisted, light
reddish; perigynium tapering into the beak;
leaf-blades 1-2 mm. Wide. ..sccsssescceereesee C. Yosea
“pant a maken to elsod
or: ti ybidvodo vansdas yskrbet. Iyoeynolds
Cores vtngtd Yiseon aninon stelizsalg ,avBaToOD ine
/ Ceebigyy 2) basoaqnt .ywoled Jsigiare -
fabiw stnvatieq to ined Ss
fave aoalae. agaksia Bt ¢
Gabed sheds. ,fevoe~teant! esrotas jLsvo-gmoido, to
~tiode OF,.S3055 paris gtelitzelq sist? tkomia 7
a Bs] oreo pi ayRoIee heavy elarosss slyis Beale '
ayhed . did Eblnex 2 sau
ian a orren? wer baor soysrics iio eshitsad tnoerjssgs snO eral Bvt Px
Al , Syn pagirage Sea tanoesA 8080 oust4ok sao ne Pare OF paex td
aan : ¢ ;
ne na ~Biteziuld museedssY .epsqes sorygorRs ahumer
i EEL LEST set ALM TA EY. 1 tt Yonge.
oteeds 70 Beentawh xs90 abodw ache ts j;2neupeatini «Aaah yee
oe (ti piaehlooo kureialT ,sulitonsyis indmebiuptl To, yqunEal toed ie
OSO£ ecb Tel mamgit oaginioake
agbad wl seortaguee fa
i
J VUpaudas Naor geageend seygu Io Anaad Jsow ror Ta opt xnen evi
i Radmaibagld ,exgtn goulyul. .murdix sek ,suijuley guozeu to yqomEe
>) feanearh 1B : 2 Bs eh es. #215
ie :
~SR20CI 1 ri notjoae
yilavusau ,a7i a neata diiw BSid4 _anool afteank. <b
abiw ,oun S<c, pabatd tes ag. i») oxolubor-stesaes
7 t > i ,BIRRS ! )) beissqud
‘ , glave i oF. ni fobs anInade oF
nk mi3- 732 B2TOD f (uSon-s2eIgen ton ute
. : a
zat im? ¢ a WA NMBs 155 LrInvirowns yess rs | f
an I i
eiiasev e40 } 36 YRtIOdA OAS BSORSIBID stovglzet oh f
tiyutjam Je baxeslins To getosesge ahiw
eothbegoxe yleoisce ,fioome atoya_hseq Jo esned 4f
baao9qra sefeca avoiibiosb ,atsnievan ef
. (exsizorisy 4.0)
foum ,steiossse zisiguioa ahirepiteq, To saad | af
~ebayeq .#2056 Yalwemon, to seutdo aay me a
oo re #3 4 i
dight jbaieiwy modise ,tebasls ,ga0! ude x a
‘daod ad? osnk pal saqa3 oes i
2 @eraetewerssesearereees ee seabiw
63.
4, Stigmas short, stout, strongly twisted or
contorted, deep red; perigynium abruptly
contracted into the beak.
5. Leaf-blades (1.5) 2.5 (3) mm. wide; perigy-
nia 3.3-4.5 mm. long, 6-20 per spike...... C. convoluta
5. Leaf-blades 1 (1.75) mm. wide; perigynia
2.3-3 mm. long, 2-6 per spike. Expected
(C. radiata).
2. Perigynia not distended and spongy at the base,
mostly ascending.
6. Inflorescence ovoid or oblong-ovoid; spikes
densely capitate.
7. Scales much shorter than bodies of the
perigynia.
8. Perigynia broadest below the middle,
round-tapering at the base, with raised
margins ventrally; beaks long, serrulate.. C. cephalophora
8. Perigynia broadest at the truncate-cordate
base, flat ventrally; beaks short, smooth.
Expected (C. leavenworthii).
7. Scales slightly shorter to longer than bodies
of the perigynia.
9. Culms lax; perigynia faintly nerved
dorsally. Expected (C. mesochorea).
9. Culms stiff, erect; perigynia usually
strongly nerved or ribbed dorsally; stigmas
MONG SLENGEST cieiccc aisle ele 'ele sieielelersieicicierete eelsiesio Oa MUMLenbengalar.
var. enervis
6. Inflorescence oblong or linear-oblong to
elongate and interrupted; spikes not capitate.
10. Spikes all aggregated; inflorescence 1.5-4
cm. long; sheaths concave or convex at
the mouth.
11. Scales reddish-brown to purplish-red;
perigynia few nerved dorsally; sheaths
not thickened at the mouth. Expected
(C. spicata).
agente ete ates nal ori ots i ee
‘ae yaad sid o2nt, hagoer2009 EO ie
dete 4
t
ve aleceg iy. sta ee #08 (2p) aohaie-tend a
2: od nee ae meq Oa eaxol soer ¢ he’, € wand yonines
see
phincatied pobiw. .mm (21, £) i errs: oe
De955qx4 .skiga Yoq O-L , adel .om £-€,.8
: (pietbax 2)
,~eusd Sid tb yanoge dna bebastatb ssa ‘plicsttes (ie
prkbasses yiseom.
wadiqa sbiovo-gnoldo zo biovo’ sonesesxoltel—.d _ shee
: Stettqss yloensb %
ae eft Jo eolbod osds xrstrode -foum asisoe of «
»atoygkrsg ;.
Li)
seibhia stit wolsd tesbsaord ainvatys? 48 a)
= beatexy Hoiw, seed sift 9a galbteoqa3-bnvor
Stedgoteigqes am os83eturres ygnoi elsad jyilatinev enigizan
atebtoo-e2290u72 snd tea Jesbsord siovaizsd .8 wih a
si3o0ema- ,Jrtode eissd :yllerataey jal? ,sesd Soa
[isgiowrsveel .J) ba isso :
eeioed mead saqnof oF teturofd ylingtla asisad .\
ssioystysq 903 26 *
bavysan ylinia? ataygizeq.ixsl emiud. sv
(sexornozem 40) bejoaqxd .y¢lleezoh
¥ = i
=
©
¥ilne niaygiszeq jtosts ,t2ita eantod-,
Seagide ivitseroh bedila so bsvrsa ylyaore
ey = 4 Ae See e res Seer eewerees ceaeen rabasla .gnol
: Fo y Pe 23) - ou
O23 gaoldo-resnti 10 gioide soaszeetolial .3
AInIlqeo Jon esdige ;bedquirssek bas aisgnois
+2 I ssnesesrolint ;bes3agotgas iis astkg2 OL
im xevnoa xo Sveomon eitesda jarol .ad
~fivod'ads Saif Yi
i 0 a Se
thea-dellqxug 03 oword-daibberx. eeleot wil =
iy edtnede. at Leweob beviea wai ree ghren
64.
11. Scales greenish; perigynia strongly
ribbed dorsally; sheaths thickened at
the mouth.
12. Perigynia strongly nerved and low
convex ventrally, the margins usually
slightly raised. Expected
(C. muhlenbergii).
12. Perigynia nerveless or basally nerved
ventrally, the margins not raised
AME MAEM NEY orejst ene cre! ore)’ ele ers HSeto Se Bewid C. muhlenbergit,
var. enervis
10. Spikes not aggregated, the lower ones sep-
arate; sheaths truncate and thickened at
the mouth. Expected (C. virens).
Carex rosea Schk. Sedge
Java Farm. Infrequent; two stations: Along old entrance road
under canopy of mature Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, Liriodendron
tulipifera, etc. Also at summit of south-facing slope overlooking
Fox Creek salt marsh, in small depression: canopy of Robinia pseudoacacia
and Ulmus americana; ground cover of Lonicera japonica. Higman 676, 765.
C. convoluta Mack. Sedge
(C. rosea Schk.)
Java Farm. One station: mature forest west of Muddy Creek,
near old entrance road. WHectare 2474. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia,
Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus alba, Acer rubrum, etc. Higman 1098.
C. cephalophora_Muhl. ? Sedge
Java Farm. One station: shore of Muddy Creek upstream from
old entrance road. Hectare 2467. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia,
Platanus occidentalis, Liriodendron tulipifera; Understory of Cornus
florida, Lindera benzoin. Associate species: Carex blanda, Duchesnea
indica, Glyceria striata, Onoclea sensibilis. Higman 1096.
C. muhlenbergii Schk., var. enervis Boott. Sedge
Java Farm. Infrequent, along new entrance road. (Collected
before resurfacing. Associate species: Carex blanda, Melilotus alba,
Ranunculus bulbosus, Vicia sativa, Lepidium campestre.) Higman 623,
1094, 1095.
wes Wa ee me 4 Weta) ee
ies chieaions, deinoeen: doteca aE:
“ae banastatae ree svideateb ‘badd \ 4).
ees, 2 5 ree Asucie 1
he =e OO oy » a a
2 wer: Bas Seprsa. Oe aniek a ainvgiret “4st ie a:
lend ertkgren as ~yllayioey ikeyiion |) . ae a
i PStosaet yborter visdglia - pie
-(itazadns tduer 19) Pi ee
2 i ° ‘ ‘ ae d >
haviss ylipesd xo nasievran sbiygtyrs? aS Oa pitty
Dette? ton entgyan oda -.yfilevinsy eae
4 i oN
ae newb vedeer ste vieseseue SUIRTDIOM Ie =e
.18¥ sa i os
i : 7 Si i
“qos onc xiwol off) .betasetgae fon nstigs - .OF -
36 hanewsid> bis stkanesd elteene. :eSp're f ‘
-(enerty' .o) Sstosyx® .Advom sit *
epbee Ado? 29803 xegesy
BI
eneny Someone ble goolA° susotsnde owt 24 rsupsttol*.ormat svat nt
es . et pROLB BYOTHUD .atiolthas rs eugsi Stutjem Yo yqdoiss Tepe |
ero agote 5 gr eFersne Yo J dmmue 38 pels i348 ,sIstid
BESIGOR t6- "does snoleesxesbh lens ak’ . dover jlaw s9979D 2oF
W Gawgrh sasthogat brsstno fo tyes SavoTH Tansoiréan sil bo
w
—" igbae 2 joa stulovnos 49 i
M (.#no2 seaox .D7
suet) YbbUe to daew Jesrol s1u3am 'noksnse 400° ved Bval “a
p piffetiense eet 2 yqansd ANOS stsyoaH .bsov S50e79n0 bie Teen
228 \muidun t924 »bdis eo dsau) ,srsttghiug Sotbashortit™
aim ae
a *abré ¢ .« frtuM- prodgol adgas~ Re ee
q . i ) |
’ jor Mesi2zhgr Ses7D yhbu tq srosde nokisze and -mtel svsl | oa
Seems tivery avgst Yo yqoirs? .*88S exudse# .haod sonesées bio
to abel ea ‘Brsitqtiaud aovbrabotrtd ~erlsgnsbtss
£exS) Yavisage ervelsosaéA ~.Alosnsd eysebok
TBPT vemais Biiidlense soloond .s2att3a ssas2vid
32008 aivasns saat Ado? Egrodoa om « 2)
~bavt aonkvine won goots ,taeupsting coset mips
eSbneid xe103 Soren piper 3 gaks
65.
Section Multiflorae.
Carex vulpinoidea Michx. Sedge
Ivy Neck. One station: strip of moist woods at source of Cheston
Creek drainage. Hectare 4752. Canopy of Platanus occidentalis,
Diospyros virginiana, Robinia pseudoacacia, etc. Associate species:
Carex crinita, Glyceria striata, Poa compressa. Higman 736.
Section Ovales.
1. Wing of perigynium abruptly narrowed near middle of
body; sterile culms strongly developed, their leaf-
blades numerous, spreading, not clustered at the apex.
2. Tips of perigynia appressed or ascending; peri-
gynia thin, barely distended over the achenes...... C. tribuloides
2. Tips of perigynia recurved or spreading; perigynia
firm, obviously distended over the achenes.
Expected (C. cristatella).
1. Wing of perigynium not narrowed near middle of body;
sterile culms often poorly developed, their leaf-
blades erect or ascending, clustered toward the apex.
3. Perigynia obovate, widest near the top. Expected
(C. longii, C. albolutescens, C. alata).
3. Perigynia not obovate, widest near middle or base.
4, Leaf-sheaths green and strongly nerved ventrally
nearly to the mouth. Expected (C. hormathodes).
4, Leaf-sheaths strongly white-hyaline ventrally.
5. Perigynia lanceolate to narrowly ovate-
lanceolate, 3 to 4 times as long as wide..... C. scoparia
5. Perigynia ovate-lanceolate or broader, at
most twice as long as wide. Expected (C.
tenera, C. normalis, C. festucaea, C. molesta).
Carex tribuloides Wahl. Sedge
Java Farm. One station: beside Fox Point Road, approx. hectare
3523. Associate species: Eragrostis spectabilis, Dianthus armeria,
Juncus tenuis, Euphorbia maculata, etc. Higman 733, 893.
Ivy Neck. See next page.
Ja sudan paki Re gixae- inolwate. ‘an0" ee yt
Bueatelt to yqonwd .82\ sretost ee .
moewA +099 ,stogogeiusay: pinidos Se
sree. “Repanames got Renae de wtzeoyi) BRED.
es th | eotaed naka CoD
tier Sibbta: wasn bawoxzen yliquida nukoygizeq 20 gakw a
wiseal thad? ,bsqoleysb Nigaotta emlua stixesa ivbod’
(gs 342 te °boisteulo ton ,Batbesiqs ,evorom sohatd_
; : 5 estes
=t28q j;gnibrssen x0 henasagae pie lpr to-agiT 4S
revere sBOronns- eft tevo hbsbests elozed ,~nids ative
etimgtiey ;suibeerqa to bevywos, sinygiisg 20 agit .$ =
<estsrion $643 zavo bobnastaeth Yisuotyvdo ark? ae
s(slisiatetzs .)) bstosexd. 9:
; mE ERED ioe CU i me, 7
fs .
| ichod 30 albbia xaee bsworren jon milaysiveq to 2ntW of
| " ~inel xheds ,begolsye5 ylroog noJie amilus SLisesa
* @tege Shs brewer hetstaulo ,golbnenes xo toert9 agbeid Ly) i
i y
PSI0RKA .go3 edi sese jesbiw ,s3evodo eboyg tread sb. aoe if
-(ntels .2 ,gusoaezutodia .9 . tint -D) Sa
59280 -3o “ibhtm zaen Jasbiw ,atevedsa tou itoygived vf -See
Vletiney bariso vigdoria baz neste vifipola-tead 4A ae
-(nhoegrod .)) betosqxd fquom sft 62 yLxaen }
— , {
ca -Vilevimav an! levid=-satde Vinworss allissde~tasld .b oe
“@jnvo yiworred o3
*
Bhiscooe WD) see -Sbhiw ag ano! es cam
28 ,2ehsoid zo ote losonsl-stsyo ataygizsd .2 / 7
+2} beiosqxd .sbiw es gool es ssiue Jtaom <
Qedebfon .9 ,g252u3e01 .2 ,sttemron .2 ,2x0g84
etalovomal sinvelasT .¢
3703 £ ,staloasnal
yi tio eons ad
GUE ied saiod xow Fwd eB, f a0. wu _—
66.
Ivy Neck. One station: moist woods at head of Cheston Creek
drainage. Hectare 4752. Canopy of Platanus occidentalis, Diospyros
virginiana, Robinia pseudoacacia, etc. Associate species: Carex
crinita, Glyceria s striata, Poa compressa, Carex vulpinoidea.
Higman 733, 893.
C. scoparia Schk. Sedge
Ivy Neck. One station: north end of grassy abandoned field
near Cheston Creek drainage. Hectare 4762. Associate species: Carex
frankii, Juncus effusus, Juncus dichotomus. Higman 879.
Section Cryptocarpae.
Carex crinita Lam. ? Sedge
Ivy Neck. One station: moist woods at source of Cheston Creek
drainage. Hectare 4752. Canopy of Platanus occidentalis, Diospyros
virginiana, Robinia pseudoacacia, etc. Associate species: Carex
vulpinoidea, Carex tribuloides, Glyceria striata, Poa compressa.
Higman 729.
Section Montanae.
Carex emmonsii Dewey Sedge
Java Farm. One station: low, mossy bluffs at head of short,
broad valley tributary to Muddy Creek, south of Fox Point Road.
Hectare 3531. Canopy of mature Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Carya
tomentosa, and Pinus virginiana. Associate species: Luzula echinata,
Carex digitalis. Higman 614, 615.
Section Laxiflorae.
1. Bract-sheaths, base of culms, and staminate scales
strongly red-tinged. Expected (C. plantaginea).
1. Bract-sheaths not red-tinged, base of culms rarely
so; staminate scales greenish white to dull reddish
brown.
2. Perigynia sharply triangular, short-tapering at
base, closely 35-50-nerved.
3. Spikes erect, nearly sessile; leaf-blades smooth
except on margins, the larger 12-25 mm. wide,
those of fertile culms much smaller than those
of the sterile. Expected (C. platyphylla).
2 Na veo 46 ones detom :aoktste pen 39
@ aaneIelt to yqousd .kEXh" pe
pogeA #299 cele ssobuasy
uy a ee Bod preriae ue ae est
han ve
Bkert ‘berobrsda deers Re bne dgronm snoktete $00 loot we te
eee? seeboaqe otatsowsA .S0\t sxai00H .eysatesb Asat) nojesn) 188m
my OCS nemgtti -gumodosoth susaul ,evsurts suonih gs
a am - ? sSgta59 saa0. gotsaa@,
a, ar aybee «ote a3tatso i
7 faa nodasio Jo pasion 3s aboow tatom imoliata on0 . .x9a% xvi
| : aptvaeol! <Silezrebtoso sume3s lt a9 yaoms) Sets syaioeH” .egsnisxa) |
- ; resiooqe SiatooeeA .92 y ,Blososobuasy siatdod . <BEAN
Bagetgwo> got .eietr2 atiesyit rssbloludtx xesad (nent en
Pee, remy i
288I3n0M nok 4998
ggbad yswed kestomns, 203g a q
siture to bes 3a atinid yweom ,wol spotysta 4nd arse avst
vbaok tatol xoF to suoe set) vbbuM oF viajudit2 yoliav beord
Myre) <kbidulay susx9u0 sits s gestae asusem to ygonsD) .f€cE svesnem
‘Bsgetdoo « titel §6+astosqe " a3Bf90a8A Soe GAY See euntd bas ,s803s9mog
as , etd ceo ih FH” Bite tages Early
-ge1litxel notasg
7 )
salaos S3ncimete bas .,emivo to pasd- addeede—Ioad oe
(nenigejnalg .2) batosqxt .bsgats~ber yignozria’
yisust salvo io sead ,begali-bex Jom adisesde-ton ta af am
“Slethbor ifmb oy atidw detnesty golace sidenimata [oa |
oword
$8 gatiteqss-~-szorde veivgashy3' tecade abeaeonletel
, rhavane- EEE pine ert
67.
3. Spikes drooping on filiform peduncles; leaf
blades hispidulous on the veins, 2-12 mm.
wide, those of the fertile culms moderately
smaller than those of the sterile.
4. Staminate spikes sessile or subsessile,
inconspicuous; pistillate ones close to-
gether; lowest bract exceeding the inflor-
escence. Expected (C. abscondita).
4. Staminate spikes peduncled, conspicuous;
pistillate ones scattered; lowest bract
not exceeding the inflorescence.
5. Pistillate spikes without a staminate
flower at the base; leaf-blades 2-5 mm.
wide, erect, GreEeN..ssceccccrecesecssesee C. digitalis
5. Pistillate spikes with 1 or 2 staminate
flowers at the base; leaf-blades 5-12 mn.
wide, weak, glaucous-green. Expected
(C. laxiculmis).
2. Perigynia obtusely triangular at least below,
long-tapering at the base.
6. Bract-sheaths entire or slightly serrulate on
the edges. Expected (C. styloflexa,
iG. Maxifiliora)) <
6. Bract-sheaths strongly serrulate on the edges.
7. Sterile shoots reduced to tufts of leaves,
not forming culms; leaf-blades 7-30 mn.
wide; pistillate scales broadly obovate-
orbicular. Expected (C. albursina).
7. Sterile shoots forming conspicuous culms;
leaf-blades 3-12 mm. wide; pistillate scales
mucronate to long-awned.
8. Culms not red-tinged at base; lower
pistillate spikes not on long capillary
peduncles; staminate scales usually
greenish white or slightly reddish
brown; staminate spike sessile or very
short-peduncled; perigynia obovoid,
3-4 mm. Longe... ceecescscccesceesecceee C. blanda
Nn thanandes 40 tebe. seitqa eleikmey®
hae ; wa? akolo esno odullisery sevousiganosal
Od ee aol tins ont gatbsssxe Joaxd teawol Aredia’,
she aie -(aatbnoogds .9) besqoqua soheog8 pea’
Py a { ‘ a7 Ley
vi ie, aia Bsn as < ee
Nsaas Keunks ¢belonvbsy eadtge Ssentmage A)! oe
§Joand deewol ;baxsi3aoe aeno stailttelg ©:
ssomecsetoliol afd xathessxzs On,
soacimaje o tuodtiw esxtqe staliiveld .o
som @-S Bebsld-teal joesd sit ta towol}
Hania od PEON KM Reece te tense ec MOOTR 39979 yobiw bd Si
etentemte £ 16 I istw eedice aint ltseat? .¢ ’ i
sear St+2 sobald-isal :sabd oll - th avenolr me han
~ )bOt500xR .TeSTg-a0C Dy yFaoe ,shiw
-. | | (atutuotxel 9)
Lu
,woled Sessa! a6 zHlegielit) ylaauado pinyatyed «8
ead sds Je galysqus gaol oo
M0 a3sivires yiiilg! y oshins edijssia-39878 VO eee
- pexeDlolyie .0) ketoaqx# .aegb9 ety”
o e- at
oe sBGgb9 Si a6 saatvTTea Yignotis adinede-35878 .9 it
a is
~eavacl to a32u3 o2 baoulhe1 #toode ‘siizes2 2% >
sm OF") wobaid-Ttasal janiuo eniearod Jon wy.
: —stuvedo ¥ibsoid esiaos satel litelq tsbiw vil
a ( (antkemdls .2) batpeqxt .asipoliite E
> ; : ‘ : ie : oi 344
eamkvs avouoigqanmus yateso? esoote sifzadé yh
eeinoa etulitialg jobiw .meo SI-+t asheid—dasi
/bonvs-anol 83 SJ snotoim Lae
A ’
i ; re —. |
: yavol jaead jn bogati-her von safnd (8
i ee
eielilges guol no ton asdlhgqe stelitialt¢
yifaver esinoe oteatmia jess
‘Webbboy yladgtle ro siidw dees
= wisv 20 Ssiisepe sAtae er ?
bnyatisg ;baiomubsqnd
ween eeenae alte
uN
= nas
68.
8. Culms red-tinged at base; lower pistillate
spikes on long capillary peduncles; stam-
inate scales strongly tinged with reddish
brown; staminate spike long-peduncled;
perigynia broadly obovoid, 2.5-3.2 mm.
long. Expected (C. gracilescens).
Carex digitalis Willd. Sedge
Java Farm. One station: low, mossy bluffs at head of short,
broad valley tributary to Muddy Creek, south of Fox Point Road.
Hectare 3531. Canopy of mature Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Carya
tomentosa, and Pinus virginiana. Associate species: Luzula echinata,
Carex emmonsii. Higman 1129.
C. blanda Dewey Sedge
Java Farm. One station: moist wooded bank of Muddy Creek, upstream
from culvert of old entrance road. Hectare 2467. Canopy of Platanus
occidentalis, Fagus grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera, étc.;
understory of Cornus florida, Lindera benzoin. Associate species:
Carex cephalophora, Onoclea sensibilis, Duchesnea indica, Glyceria
striata.
Ivy Neck. One station: east shore of Scaffold Creek. Canopy
of Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Carya tomentosa. Understory of
Viburnum prunifolium. Higman 546, 786.
Section Virescentes.
Carex swanii (Fern.) Mack. Sedge
Java Farm. Moderately abundant under mature canopy of Fagus
aren Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Liriodendron tulipifera,
Carya tomentosa, and Liquidanbar styraciflua. Collected at shoulders
of old Muddy Creek Road, near old entrance road, and on slopes over-
looking Muddy Creek and its upper tidal portion. Higman 698, 712,
Kee Beye
Section Vesicariae.
Carex lurida Wahl. Sedge
Java Farm. Infrequent along tributary streams of Muddy Creek (tidal
portion). South-facing slope. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus
velutina, Carya tomentosa, and Liriodendron tulipifera. Associate species:
Saururus cernuus.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent, in salt marsh at head of Cheston Creek
estuary. Associate species: Typha latifolia, Scirpus americana.
Higman 399, 738, 986.
ghee
any Yo basd ts
Y. gbsok sakot xen
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if aybsc
Di tanpbeu-gont epee aporhamse: sedenee
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hae aa pleepctied Epes 0)’ betsequa sin
Hise ij Vo Bot
torres
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7 yaar) ¢hbeM Yo. Noad bebouw teton <snokinie sol jormet evel
, 6 Unoawy’ VT o0s ‘eteaoek .baoy socerite blo #6 dysviuo oak
" ; {2038 ,age? bap Luz, porbasbot zh: (BiLowi bossy sop eT et inane’
a beeioods SixtscesA .clorosd erspett wares} to yrowes
aa Bieseetd wpothnt aoceudout wrodgat pigs. Perc) a
2 Se =),
(a woos; .teer) bloliece : es toolsets ond “lost vale G A
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ne 1S) ,oe¢ noemelH fis ttotiavee ad asut div ie
ase
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: Syebivena 36 beiovi lsd Hitloevyje qadmabtuptd: bis keotng: 2 syieT 7s
SaaVO eaqols ovo bre
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68a.
Species of Carex in Expected Sections
Phyllostachyae: C. willdenowii Schkuhr, C. jamesii Schwein.
Polytrichoideae: C. jleptalea Muhl.
Arenariae: CC. arenaria L.
Divisae: C. divisa Huds.
Vulpinae: C. stipata Muhl., C. stipata v. maxima Chapm., C. laevivaginata
(Kukenth.) Mack.
Paniculatae: C. decomposita Muhl.
Deweyanae: C. bromoides Schkuhr
Stellulatae: C. seorsa Howe, C. interior Bailey, C. howei Mack.,
C. incomperta Bickn., C. atlantica Bailey
Heleonastes: C. camescens L. var. disjuncta Fern.
Acutae: C. emoryi Dewey, C. stricta Lam., C. stricta var. strictior
(Dewey) Carey, C. torta Boott
Paludosae: C. riparia var. lacustris (Kukenth.) Mack.
Triquetrae: C. hirtifolia Mack.
Hirtae: C. lanuginosa Michx., C. hirta L., C. vestita Willd.
grayii Carey, C. intumescens Rudge, C. louisianmica Bailey,
Lupulinae: C.
C. lupulina Muhl., C. lupuliformis Sartw.
Collinsiae: C. collinsii Nutt.
Folliculatae: C. folliculata L.
Pseudo-cyperi: C. hystricina Muhl., C. comosa Boott
Shortianae: C. shortiana Dewey
Atratae: C. buxbuamii Wahl.
Gracillimae: C. gracillima Schwein., C. prasina Wahl., C. davisii Schwein & Torr.
Sylvaticae: C. oblita Steud., C. debilis Michx., C. allegheniensis Mack.
Extensae: C. viridula Michx.
Granulares: C. haleana Olney, C. granularis Muhl.
Oligocarpae: C. oligocarpa Schkuhr, C. hitchcockiana Dewey
Griseae: C. amphibola Steud., C. grisea Wahl., C. glaucodea Tuckerm.
Paniceae: C. woodii Dewey
t! a vee ou 2
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ae qoLine Robsnalie .D , .mlolk.stisqmoan? «2 9
mist sjosutetb .isv: «i anossoqns
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MaaM (.dtmeduNd) eisienos!~.tay etraqiy: 19
shiLIW giivesy .2 ,.t piitd . ,-xiDIM seontguast soem
evsitsd Soituetetyol ws! 4 3
at Ds Bt
. to: traatitos
$7008 seomes «2D ,.«fduM sototiieyi .2 *
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69.
Cyperus
(from O'Neill, 1941)
1. Achene lenticular, flat with an edge facing the
rachilla; styles bifid; spikelets very flat.
2. Spikelets 1.5 to 2 mm. long, 1-flowered, congested
into a solitary cluster of dense, sessile heads.
Expected (C. tenuifolius).
2. Spikelets 3 to 20 mm. long, 3- to 40- flowered,
digitate in an umbel-like panicle.
3. Achene suborbicular, black, transversely
wrinkled. (Also, spikelets yellow, 2-2.5 mm.
wide.) Expected (C. flavescens).
3. Achene obovate to oblong-obovate, purplish-
brown, not wrinkled.
4, Spikelets 1 to 1.5 mm. wide. Expected
(C. polystachyos var. texensis).
4. Spikelets 2 to 3.5 mm. wide.
5. Rachilla winged, the wings forming a
collar .2 to .3 mm. wide at the base
of the achene; salt marsh habitat......... C. filicinus
5. Rachilla wingless; freshwater marsh
habitat. Expected (C. rivularis).
1. Achene 3-angled; styles trifid; spikelets thicker
in the center.
6. Rachilla readily disarticulating into 1-fruited
joints. Expected (C. odoratus).
6. Rachilla not articulated or articulating only
at the base.
7. Rachilla wingless; stamens 1 or 2 (3 in
(CG. f£ilicinus).
8. Glumes long-awned, conspicuously 9- to
13-nerved; plants scented. Expected
(C. inflexus).
8. Glumes obtuse to mucronate, 3-nerved;
plants odorless.
aa ytev, sie ~bEatd pete
i. Reeopnds .borswolt~-! shot vas S 03 8.0 nae
rebsed altace ssansb to 3Steulo yasditoe B,O3nE .
ie ae {gui Lottynss 2): batooqud
n alan bagevol® “OB 03 af ~gnol! mm: 0S a E-atefodtge .
. -siotnag sAti-feday og at: StaNgtb:
elestavenss? ,jonid ,xaluaterodue sitedodl zt =e
am @€.S—9S ,wolley stoladige ,oRtA) . balioksw:
.{ansoasyet? 2) bavseqea” “{. abiw.
: (“fekigzrivg ,oaevodo-gnoido 03 sisvedo enedsA £
~~ . »bslinize. Joa .avord
ol i bexseqxt .obtw .mn 2.1 of ft, etefedtga .4
i! (okenons: “ev poyioateyiog .9) al
sshiw .am ¢.€' 59'S asetedion a
an B goiixot agatw eds ,bogriw sliidoat .t
weed oft tn obiw .mm £. 03 2. teilon
a: MtOET LD «) «+ ..++++-3etiiad dazem Jles ;saoroa oft to
Heys yesowtlesar? ;eaelgniw silidast .¢
-(alzelouvts 3) Satosqxul .tatidad
tsApidis atelediqa ;biiiz? selyte :bslgne-t anonsa yt
.fa3799 ad7-ar
‘ . betiuz?-£ ojnt gotselustizesib yitbess aliidoah (as,
»{gussrobo .2) betoouxt -edarot
yine gnissivolizs xo bstalyoists son allidos® 8
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at €) $ to I avomete j;eevtgoiw ellidoak sf
+ Cou ShLES 2
o1 -? elagooatqenoe pa Sg ‘esol af ie!
70.
9. Glumes 9- to ll-nerved; stamens 3.......... C. filicinus
9. Glumes 3-nerved; stamens 1 or 2. Expected
(C. pseudovegetus, C. fuscus).
7. Rachilla winged; stamens 3.
10. Spikelets not all deflexed, the uppermost
ascending or spreading, 3- to 40-flowered
(sometimes 2-flowered in C. ovularis).
11. Achenes .8-1 mm. long; glumes 3- to 7-
nerved. Expected (C. dentatus, C. erythro-
rhizos).
11. Achenes 1.3-3 mm. long; glumes 7- to
many-nerved.
12. Achenes 2.2-3 mm. long, 3 to 5 times
as long as wide; glumes 4-5.5 mm.
long. Expected (C. refractus,
C. lancastriensis).
12. Achenes 1.3-2 mm. long (rarely 2.2
mm. in C. ovularis), ovoid to oblong;
glumes 1.5-4 mm. long (rarely 4.5 mm.
in C. strigosus).
13. Spikelets 2- to 3-flowered,
densely congested into subglobose
heads at the ends of the rays;
achenes 1.8-2.2 mm. long......- C. ovularis
13. Spikelets 5- to 40-flowered, not
in subglobose heads; achenes
1.3-2 mm. long.
14. Spikelets nearly flat; achenes
linear, 1.5-1.8 mm. long;
glumes 3.7-4.5 mm. long.... C. strigosus
14. Spikelets subterete or sub-
quadrangular; achenes ovoid
to oblong, .5-1.2 mm. long;
glumes 1.5-3.5 mm. long. Ex-
pected (C. esculentus, C. grayii).
10. Spikelets all deflexed at maturity, 1- or
2-flowered. Expected (C. retrofractus,
C. dipsaciformis).
oe agomads pheamtte eee aT
wdowmrSqdd oifx ,baxeltes Ls Jo 2talodige or
betewolt-O8 o9 ~£ ,gnibsasrqe xo got busoss fae. a
(ekypluvo ..9 a) batawolt-S$ 2amt3emoa)
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\wpeiivis «) .2u3eiagb-.9) beieeqx2 .havzen ante
; (zosiny _ bt
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WSVISM-Y Nei aie
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: samtt © ot £ .gmol «mm €<f.8 aonedoA .. SI oF
mm &.h-) emule ;sbiw ee gnol as ; =
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(etanotsisesnsal «3 ae
SS vietary enol .ima Sf... sanodsA SE
igitelde oi btove ,(uizaluyo .o ei -om
smn Cah yloxax) gaol’ .mm dé, ! eomuly
-{eusoptyje :0 st
,paxowoli~t + -L etaisatqe .tl ue lie
Sa0dolgdua cist Satesagnos ylsoensb
7, ¢eyey a2 Yo ebro oft Jn sbsod
“pbasluvo eS atesessQMOL aun £.5-8.f gansdos
‘(a 96m ,baiewoit-0e of -2 atafastge «Ef
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i‘) > ,peol mr S-t.f
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tated som 8.i-¢.I ,rsantl
~Bvkogizize > seeagimt mt C.d-).£ ests
-diw zo sgexe%dua etelatiqe
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{gcol .om S.i-¢. ,gnoldo os
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Cyperus filicinus Vahl.
Java Farm. Infrequent. One station in Hog Island salt marsh
on inland side. Hectare 3572. Associate species: Panicum virgatun,
Juncus dichotomus, Osmunda cinnamomea, Distichlis spicata.
Also one station on Fox Point Road; associate species: Festuca
myuros, Plantago aristata, Lepidium virginicum, Juncus tenuis, Digitaria
ischaemum, Cyperus ovularis. Higman 438, 804.
C. ovularis (Michx.) Torr.
Java Farm. Infrequent along Fox Point Road. Associate species
same as for C. filicinus.
Ivy Neck. One station: marshy north end of grassy abandoned
field on Scaffold Peninsula. Hectare 4762. Associate species: Juncus
effusus, Juncus dichotomus, Phleum pratense, Trifolium pratense,
Agrostis alba, Carex frankii. Higman 17, 490, 1099.
C. strigosus L.
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in a variety of
habitats; seems to prefer unshaded sites whether dry, moist, or
slightly saline. Collected at old entrance gate of Java Farm, Spartina
patens community of Fox Creek salt marsh, old field south of Fox Point
Road (associate species: Lespedeza cuneata), upstream limit of salt
marsh on Muddy Creek, and border of cornfield on Cheston Peninsula.
Hieman, 97, 124), 548256 21006 210322
Eleocharis
1. Spikelet not thicker than the culm; scales persistent.
(Also, culm quadrangular, not septate). Expected
(E. quadrangulata).
1. Spikelet much thicker than the culm; scales
deciduous.
2. Achenes lenticular or biconvex, styles 2-cleft.
3. Uppermost sheaths white, scarious and loose
at the mouth; dwarfed annual usually less than
10 cm. tall. Expected (E. olivacea).
3. Uppermost sheaths greenish or reddish, opaque,
tight-fitting at the mouth; plant 10-130 cm.
tall. (Also, achenes whitish to tawny or
brown at maturity).
ey wottese end samt +iol 2 pre
‘ ae rn hue phe: on oe
ce tuakbage. Si nlooeas Lag jikod wot nd motwase sid oa
ee ee eon gsi’ mosbios! siateize oapigels.
, Ble Drege “wahieluve & puapays ou me
\vroT Carta) atialee Be
(iebveqa g@imtoossA .bsod tntet xo¥ gnols Josiupstial snere ‘evBke
. . BES ELE S »2 30% ce Sma
pennpeeis yeanrg T64 bas doa20on yieram tnoksar2 nO oak Yi
q Baan. shatoegs S3hicoes) .SA\4 srsinsk ,elueninsT blodisasé no blake
seanerstg @eliciiey! ,ssosjesq sunldy ,susnaiotoltbh auonul yep
. ROE ,088 Xi featyihi xSTH) , sda akdao
. . a
ey.) ba aueogkazs | 2
5
PO WeARsAY @ mr anebuude visterabo!% 3 .xiosh wl bas mst avel
a SO ,@8ice ,vzb sedtede asiie bebarany istasa ot eueos ;saetidnd
— salise ae yaaee BvBL JO Ging Socnx3as blo Jan bejasifod .soties yisaghie ae
i it Met tO divoe bieti bio ,devam-slean Asas) xot to yoknummon eeaga ae
Pane 70 Thall maariaqu ,(sifsoa ksebegqes!] teaioege sislooees) pe as ;
seiveginet goseeiD no bletiwro9 to rsbied bas ,Xeer) ybbuM no fexas
SEQL ,oONL ,A2S ,AeL , ASL V2 deme
¢ dndiataxsq asiace ¢c ad? obd2 rodsid? son Islet? iQ
yy boa soa xa SIAI3a +_30n , teivenesbeop infos Oa Lad ‘<
* - (stslugcesbeup 2) ae
Bo 1 :mius sft oods veadotds tioum jofedliq® Gig
-euoubrosb
ae JYalo-f ssiyse ,xsvadoid 10 zalustaael asastak oS
a , seool brn aunitese ,s3isiw ediesde Jaomraggu-,& 2
nod? east vileusu favnns delsavb :davom sit 38, /- ad
(peopyi fo .3) besseqxd. .Usto.m> OL
ssupeqo: or Mec, 40 pounenga* sittianta seomswaa® 36
+9, Sas ; phone: ie i
4.
Hox.
Tubercle only slightly constricted from the
achene; plants densely tufted annuals
without long, firm rhizomes or stolons.
5. Perianth bristles wanting or rarely as
long as the achene; tubercle less than
1/4 as high as achene. Expected
(E. engelmanni).
5. Perianth bristles longer than the achene
and tubercle; tubercle 1/3 to 1/2 as
Nachiras! aCheneres. cic cpeveve wisicloalelelle/ohorclelensiereheresrey Lie OD EUS al
Tubercle deeply constricted from the achene;
plants not densely tufted, with long, firm
rhizomes or stolons.
6. Basal scales of spikelet 2 or 3, the
lowest not encircling the culm. Expected
(E. palustris).
6. Basal scale 1, encircling the culm.
7. Spikelet closely many-flowered; scales
broadly obtuse or rounded, opaque,
appressed. Expected (E. calva).
7. Spikelet loosely 5- to 30-flowered;
scales acute or subobtuse, lustrous,
loosely ascending... i...0<.6.sceee esses Be Halophila
2. Achenes trigonous, styles 3-cleft.
8. Achenes with shallow to deep honeycomb reticula-
tion, or with prominent longitudinal ridges.
Expected (E. acicularis, E. tortilis).
8. Achenes smooth or minutely roughened.
Qe
Perianth bristles longer than the achene
and tubercle; plant a tufted annual. (Also,
mouth of sheath oblique; spikelets lanceolate;
ACHEMS ESMOOIEN) "ajar ate ateriere atevereteietaile, etelle evetelel elevates eter autiis
Perianth bristles shorter than the achene;
plant perennial with long, slender rhizomes.
(Also, culms flat, scales acuminate or
attenuate). Expected (E. compressa).
intermedia
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ace eel esnal ie
BAe ae qinwedh ate as if
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2K nedd enol sloredud jonsHoe odd es guol.
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te ee dz: met) ‘teenel dabiatae siageay rahe
(: ep $\2L 03. €\L sloredu3 :sfoxsduy bas aia
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ne | seapitaa add moxt betotiszeno> viqesh alarsdel A Se
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a «Caviaos .3) bezseqad .bseasaqas ; ng =
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,suotzaul ,sauidodua 29 adpon aalase
SPUEMRMME 6 cies cen tsescscessers sgnthnsoas yiseool a
-ijalo-l asivie ,euonogisd eaneds& 2S
-givotis:.<inosyonod qeeb oF wolleda dtiw sansdiaA 7ee
> 2eabis Isctbuttace!l jasnimorg diiw io ,nots
P as fits - ‘ wnat on = y
AGEslI10) -2 -ehisiustos .3) headiosque $8
banedeveot yistuata to.ujoomem escqenoA 8
stenosn Sj sada tesnoi eslsatrd donstxe? .e
,0af4) .iaunna bettut.c jenlq pelonedud bow
p9Ieloosnsl atalsaiga j;euplide dinsda To dive
© pibewiogc? at Teer s) Teere ee TT TRE SORE ETE eRe onmios,
/ senedos sii asdd iwe3t0nde eolsaizxd daanbaad ue
5) +asmosidx vabaele ,gnol daiw inlansieg Insiq /
ue ajackauce eslesa ae ee oats)
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73.
Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schultes? (immature) Spikerush
Ivy Neck. One station: abundant in salt marsh at head of Cheston
Creek estuary. Hectare 4753. Associate species: Typha latifolia,
Scirpus validus. Higman 741.
E. halophila L. Spikerush
Java Farm. Two stations in salt marshes: Hog Island marsh (pure
stand north of Hog Island, hectare 3582) and Typha latifolia marsh
at junction of forks of Muddy Creek (hectare 3436). Higman 298, 677.
E. intermedia L. Spikerush
Ivy Neck. Two stations near drainage to Cheston Creek estuary:
north end of grassy abandoned field on Scaffold Peninsula (hectare
4762) and beside artificial pond above Cheston Peninsula (Murray property).
Higman 881, 883, 994.
Scirpus
1. Involucre subtending the inflorescence consisting of a
single bract resembling a continuation of the culm;
culms leafless or basally leaved.
2. Inflorescence without long branches, either a spike,
a spikelet, or a cluster of spikelets; culms 3-angled,
or if terete less than 3 mm. thick at the base.
3. Plants tufted, annual, without rhizomes; mature
achenes black or blackish. Expected (S. smithii,
S. purshianus).
3. Plants mostly solitary or scattered, perennial,
with long rhizomes; mature achenes whitish, drab,
or brown. (Also, rhizome hard; upper leaf sheaths
closed; spikelets solitary or clustered, ovoid,
reddish-brown to dark brown; scales ovate to
orbicular, the margins irregular).
4, Involucre linear, 2-15 cm. long, acute; upper
sheath concave but not notched at orifice, with
a long, linear, sharp-pointed blade.............
In
» americanus
4. Involucre lance-triangular, 1-3.5 cm. long,
blunt; upper sheath V-notched at orifice, with a
lanceolate, blunt-pointed blade 8-15 mm. long.
Expected (S. olneyi).
asd Seishin tas" RY Soshouds | aoa? rae Agoit et
£ sdeyT fsokoage Stgtooead ~Eehe sisiosH -.yrandae
pace itay Dae Bibi Ley
ween
Vien) ities haaiel golf :eadé-ram jing Gk snokteta Brine IBF aval
Raven gitoritel aigyT bay (S62f sxsioed ,basfal sok to dison
nya pBes Baemgia. ~~. (E86 sx03997) teas) vbbud te af 32 op kt oan 38
. dawrrpatte ___ st ghbosretad Sem
/ a
a? - Pyemaas dest coyasit? oF syantarh xs90 anokiste heck: Loot qT
% Sasssen) wliwnkast bietisse ao biet? beeobnaad BaTS Io bas dorom!
‘Ayreon yeatoM) siuanines noiaeig ayods brow fatavadate shleasd bas (Sata,
i Sve. £38 {538 J
a. . ;
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IGx OG a 7
i
: & 30 gottstenos soceoussolint sf) potbnsidys Stoutovar
imine bit Jo melisualineos 2 snlidnesar donee pate
baveel yitased so asesitess mie.
pSa4iqe n xadiis, ,esdstard anol tucdthr sanessastoltal J Be
photgne~£ emlus jetalelige to ysteula & to , Msledtie ¢@
Sasd fy Js dohis (om E med? vest o3e+a4 TE 36
Stiga sasneriis seeaie .fcunne -bostud asnsle EF
phifitios 1.2) betssquf fetdosid 10 dosld senmsiba ‘¥
» (eunetderg <2
sz) == La
: -isinueteq ,bstsisese 10 yrssiloe yideom stash .E — © a
posto ,feliidw esusios ssviam jasmostds gaol Adtw va
Stigete 2esi teqqu ;bxsd aoostdy ,oefA) word to
»Dhove .bavetsylo so vrettioe axsfettqe ybsaols ;
O23 Sthvn adisce joaword Axsb of sword-dletbhar
(talogeitt entgyes 8d3 ,rsluvotdyo
wedqy :Ofuoe ,giol mo 21-2 \reankl erouLoynal .A
iw ,s>tllto gs ledssen tos jud svesees dépsie =
$B terssinsses- bald boamtog-qrede ,sesakl , gaol
= i, a ty
yee0t wes f.0-0 . 18Lugant13-s2neI- sasulovat va
& d3ky ,ottine ww bsdoten-¥ disora qu P
2.
74.
Inflorescence with long branches; culms terete, 3
to 20 mm. thick at the base. (Also, style 2-cleft;
achenes plano-convex; scales reddish to deep brown).
5. Scales glabrous, not gummy or spotted, the green
midrib projecting as an awn; basal sheath mem-
branaceous, with scarious margin...........+..+. S.» validus,
5. Scales pubescent, with many gummy dots, midrib
mucronate; basal sheath firm, with fibrillose
margin. Expected (S. acutus).
1. Involucre of 2 or more flat leaves; culms leafy.
6.
Culms sharply 3-angled, solitary or scattered;
spikelets 1 to 5 cm. long, 5 to 11 mm. thick.
(Also, midribs of scales awned).
7. Achenes equilaterally 3-angled; freshwater marsh
habitat. Expected (S. fluviatilis).
7. Achenes plano-convex to obtusely 3-angled; salt
marsh habitat. (Also, spikelets reddish-brown,
blunt or rounded at apex; ligule scarious)...... S. robustus
Culms obtusely angled, or sometimes sharply at
summit; spikelets 2 to 15 mm. long, 1 to 3 mm. thick.
(Also, spikelets 35 to over 100, in decompound
umbelliform panicles).
8. Bristles retrorsely barbed; culms solitary or few;
stolons thick and scaly.
9. Bristles barbed nearly to base; lower sheaths ©
reddish. Expected (S. expansus).
9. Bristles barbed only above the middle; all
sheaths greenish.
10. Bristles twice as long as achene; spikelets
reddish-brown. Expected (S. polyphyllus).
10. Bristles not exceeding achene; spikelets
pale to dark brown. (Also, scales round). S. atrovirens
8. Bristles smooth or with few hairs; culms tufted;
stolons absent.
11. Bristles barely exceeding the scales.
Expected (S. lineatus),
11. Bristles greatly exceeding scales at maturity.
(Also, lateral spikelets in the ultimate fascicles
pedicelled, central one sessile; spikelets reddish-
DEOWN, OVOLd) 0. siccvcccececresetecleseseses es Oe CUbITcosUS
fous emia - teadonaxd gto dee
bite a sixta ,onls) seed add 46 Bok
S ssimadeial iecciti tetbboyr aaets txevnes-oaed _
oes odd .batzo08 0. YR g ton RUpnAT 29)
omen diesde Igzed (wh a6 a6 galiostioxg Gry
Dish deer teyeceseuds sl gtse auotrass Aiko Bucssaassd
18 rv)
Aidhia ,esob yea yesa dshw ,jesoasdug, B9les2! aie
eeoliiedss ddiw wrt? dsoasda fsasd jSisnorss
o(gutuos .2) batasqxt enkiism — wea
Wwasel emlva :eovesl t51% sx0om 75 & to oniavea
rk 3. tharve23B2e yo yrsiiineg bslgusct wlatale anu ay
saokds .mm tL ot ¢ Hol mo ¢ ox LT ‘easisatta
F vat
i(banwa salscve 6 sdi-+btn: 02th) 3
2
re
favam wssnwileext ;bslans-f vitaxeteliups eanatioA 2
am Catitietvul? .8) betoagx’: «teriden an
= ‘Ziee pbalgas-t ylesuido of xsynoo-onnia esnensaA ok H
~iword~riethbet ateisdias ,oafAY -.te2idsl daxent :
MUSED D sh «eee» (euebrsce Ofuyll ;xeqs Ja befor so tould
} 3n vlqvate eamtiomoe xo .bsiane visavido emted ve
‘A5iU3 wom £02 L ,gnol .am tL of S$ sieisdiga :3imoe Bic
houoqimse> mh ,J0i xeye.o7 Cl ede sada bd ota) ee
Me “(aa loro wxyot el fedmar =
jwek wo viadilos ontun ¢hedred visexortet cafteitd 8°
viaok baa 4Stds sgolota
iipeita 294 saad 03 yitesn badved weltetrh ye wall
* wrngxe +8) ‘boteegad. .ilekbbes et
°e
[fe ;aibbin ait svoda ¢ino bedsad eelsaina/.€
Jelosers andiesda
uJelodlgs j;onedoc ea gaol as solws esizebsd Of
(guiivdoyiog .2) basasqxd .owoyd-rethber
* aselaiiqn ;:00dse gatbsacxe jon «sligiad .Of
-(bayes 2aaloss ,oalA) -.nword Azad 02, Piaq,
thedivd amina:; ertad ws? diiu zo. dscoms, Rpg
. : Bab aa
Biel eee:
De
Scirpus americanus Pers. Bulrush
Java Farm. Infrequent in Hog Island salt marsh, at shore of
Muddy Creek estuary. Associate species: Atriplex patula, Polygonum
punctatum, Aster puniceus.
Ivy Neck. One station: beach at Sand Point, on Cheston
Peninsula. Associate species: Cakile edentula, Spartina alterniflora.
Higman 295, 451, 937.
S. americanus Pers. (extreme form)
Ivy Neck. Salt marsh at head of Cheston Creek estuary. Associate
species: Typha latifolia, Scirpus validus, Carex lurida, Juncus
bufonius, Eleocharis sp. Higman 856.
S. validus Vahl., var. creber Fern. Bulrush
Java Farm. Infrequent in Hog Island salt marsh. Associate
species: Scirpus americanus, Pluchea camphorata, Distichlis spicata,
Panicum virgatum.
Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in salt marsh at head of Cheston
Creek estuary. Co-dominant with Typha latifolia. Less frequent in moist
woods of Cheston Creek drainage, under canopy of Platanus occidentalis,
Diospyros virginiana, Liquidambar styraciflua. Higman 257, 294, 737.
S. robustus Pursh. Bulrush
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent in salt marshes. Collected
at Fox Point and at the head of Cheston Creek estuary. Also observed
along the tidal portion of Muddy Creek. Associate species: Typha lat-
ifolia, Pluchea camphorata, Scirpus americanus, Iva frutescens. Higman
56), (85i/'.
S. atrovirens Willd. Bulrush
Ivy Neck. One station: moist woods at Cheston Creek drainage.
Mature canopy of Platanus occidentalis, Diospyros virginiana, and
Liquidambar styraciflua. Associate species: Carex crinita, Glyceria
striata, Poa compressa, Eupatorium coelestinum, Carex vulpinoidea.
Higman 728.
S. rubricosus Fern. Bulrush
Java Farm. Infrequent; stations in the freshwater part of
Fox Creek marsh and at the marshy west end of the Phalaris arundinacea
meadow north of the main building area. Associate species: Juncus
effusus, Polygonum pensylvanicum, Impatiens capensis, Aster praealtus,
Salix nigra, Sambucus canadensis. Higman 190, 495.
‘Léa b bem tet gill! « at pero hy wes’
valitia eins ieubasgs easisoeeh »erBvIaS: egad
«BUS stags. Belt
aie ie “qos998d0 fro ‘gabod base ta dosed: wHolisje sot ane yt
* gitt tune? ~ludnebs slits) rveksaqe sistogees, isloeaieaeed
hone ee sees oa aca
(ertoxi smexixs) par sumo Ppa a
De SSOOSEA .ytheies H5ex) coteed) to based ge reve alee. ,Asolt yt
ae gusnut, .2bbyul xaxs) ~aubtisy suqztoe. ,.nilotiser edgyl reskoaqa
fe 828 nemgti .qe abisdooslt epuigotjud ©
dayylua 19%. x9d975 .tav ,.idsv eubitey s
i ee
Stetsoasé. .fetem tise baslel gol mk gasypottal iret svat an
spobotge atidotield ,s2ssordguns sedould ,eunsohyome guqtkoe <saloaqay,
: bab vmucleatiy, au oERe (
Roseed) to beari gn deisa tise mk tosbiuds ylataxabol ere ave
@eior nk sasupet? ees! Biioitisl sdgyT ditw iosatsob-od .yxsautee Wesz0L
" gasbhr50 sunaiel to yqonss isheu ,egenie:& e971) moteedD io aboow
PAEN ghOR ,N\CS namgli .sulttosryja yadmebtupt! ,ansiataaiv soTyqsold=
dsuriyd = aw? aoteudon, Ri) ¢ :
Maapetliod .#edateac tlhe mi tasupstial 496K yvl bas mxet svel_
Bevwesds onlA .vravies Ye010 motesdd Yo based. sdt te bes. takoY xoT 34
woe) sicy’ ag otatoves/, .%s910 ybbuM Yo aokixoq Inbta sit poole: ee
Memeee 8 «enoosojurt svi ,sunsotrems augitnod .,sisiorgmes asoult et ; =
. <28 06>
deur iud . . DLDIW gopaivos3s 58 ae
Segenteth AsetD Golesi) 36 aboow jetom :aotista an0 A934 yvI i
BAG ,subinteriv woryqro0id ,etlnjoebtoro augstelt to yqonss studaM
si122419 Biinixs x97B) +:asiosqe asatooreA “aoeasaaes ao sina
sasbbontaloy, 20219 »mentieslsoo myrtrojsqua rBSSO7GMO2 B fet ae
dauxtua , > mh
30 38eq te Inwizes? ‘ova ak angltaia 23
hots Schein to = jzow waa oda: Ja
TG
ARACEAE
Arisaema
1. Lateral leaflets very rounded on lower side, tapering
to base on the upper side; tube of spathe 3.5-7.0 cm.
long, summit flange 2-8 mm. broad, hood 3-6 cm. broad;
fruiting head 3-6 cm. Long... cc.esssecsscevcececveces Ae atrorubens
1. Lateral leaflets narrowed subequally at base, not
especially rounded on the lower side; measurements
of other parts usually smaller than above but slightly
OVEFLAPPING<.csccccesseresseseveerorersesecccnencsncoe As triphyllum
Arisaema atrorubens (Ait.) Blume Jack-in-the-pulpit
Java Farm. Infrequent; prefers moist, shaded sites. Along old
entrance road under canopy of Liquidambar styraciflua, Fagus grandifolia,
Quercus alba, Acer rubrum, etc. Associate species: Podophyllum peltatum.
Also along moist terrace of Muddy Creek under canopy of Fraxinus
americana and Platanus occidentalis.
Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in similar habitats, especially
source of Scaffold Creek, under canopy of Liquidambar styraciflua,
Acer rubrum, Robinia pseudoacacia, etc. Associate species: Viola spp.,
Podophyllum peltatum, Claytonia virginica. Higman 72, 600.
A. triphyllum (L.) Schott Small Jack-in-the-
pulpit
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Habitats and associate species the same
as for A. atrorubens above. Higman 544.
LEMNACEAE
1. Floating frond flattish, ovate to circular; rootlets
present, 1 to several.
2. Rootlet 1; frond 1- to 5-nerved, green beneath..... Lemna
2. Rootlets 2 or more; frond 4- to 15-nerved, purple
SEN NG on GOO OOOO CDOOOD0OUUOES pUoteeleholsfefayele cleleieleleveere opi rOdela
1. Floating frond ellipsoid to globose (like green rice);
rootlets absent. Expected (Wolffia, Wolffiella).
Pe) «6gdteoqes .ebte xowol a0 bebevex, vray, cieltes! fezetad Cf)
ae Pe atte, O5840.£ edjsqe ito sdud yabin teqqv- eis no shad ot)
sbeosd «a @-f boot ,bsord «ar B+ sgoesl? iimwe aro bs
OS es RENTS Ew srseegtol sino Q~€ beod gatshuxa)
jon ,Sebd Js vilaupsdua beworren stoligel texoket fr Sa
einamesuessm yahble sswol. 247 ao bsbhnuor yvileiosqas
0 ROP ae : yiartgtie jue avodn apis yeileme yllavay asasq sed3o here
AMMAN GA cece teeters sesee dere eyeben syne e nese SARC IBLTOVOn |
Re tra act. ef ald ARAN leon 5 4 Bea ca
- Migiiq-ats-ci-dost emul (.3EA) ansdyrorss balled at: Wo
‘ ane 0g <683le babads aokon Bistextt ;tosupsxinl | .orBt evel
a pegs eee Ene » tedmebiupit to vqoones teboy bsex siuaigae)
1 Of <asioeqze “atatooesA sie ,mrdyy 2994. ,Bdis Se eeRD. f
eRe BO ygones yebau xest9 aia uM to s9675753 Jaton greta beta
th my zl
wixetoeqss Pintidan szelimte ot ansbouds yietni1eboM . aos yt... oe ;
at: ju aedmebiupti to yqonss zebnu .NS5e1) blotaase to soiuda iS eam
qe gion SBetosyn sin tooe 238 ,Bt: ebuaeq sintdon mux dys 2e5h
000 ,f\ temgih .satutasty ataosyslo ~mujsileg sq oui lydgobode
alisnddoat fLam2 7 itofio® Cyt) mudfyda tes cafe
Giglue :
rl 7 r = i
: nowmee S22 eolsoqo Stoltsoves ber jnjidak oh vw) bos mred gyal <4 an |
ogi .ovods anséusotje «A Ot Bas
ataiioor :reluotio ©) etavo ,detiiel? baowt gabaeory, mr
-inzsvee of. 1 <t0n8esd =
om
Boal .....fi3assnsd asaig ,bevisn-t of -[ baort yt jsl2oo4 =
arene ,baviIsa-t1 of -é baotrld {>9%om 319 BE: Sse ty
=a
sats ong wail) -nots 02,
76a.
Lemna
Lemna minor L. Duckweed
Ivy Neck. Abundant on surface of small cut-off pond near Sand
Point on Cheston Peninsula. Hectare 4870. Associate species:
Spirodela polyrhiza above. Higman 1225.
Spirodela
Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Water-flaxseed
Ivy Neck. Abundant on surface of small, fresh to slightly
saline cut-off pond near Sand Point on Cheston Peninsula. Hectare
4872. Associate species: Lemna minor, Rumex verticillatus,
Sparganium eurycarpum. Higman 1226.
COMMELINACEAE
Commelina
Commelina communis L.,
var. ludens (Miquel) C. B. Clarke Dayflower
Java Farm. Infrequent along Old Muddy Creek Road and in ditch at
entrance gate. Partly shaded by adjacent canopy of Fagus grandifolia,
Quercus alba, and Liriodendron tulipifera. Associate species: Poly-
gonum spp-, Oxalis stricta, Galium aparine, Dactylis glomerata, Geranium
carolinianum, Sphe Sphenopholis nitida, Tovara virginiana, Hieracium scabrum.
Higman 352,
PONTEDERTACEAE
Heteranthera
Heteranthera reniformis R. & P. Mud-plantain
Ivy Neck. One station: ‘muddy bank of artificial pond at source
of Cheston Creek drainage, on Murray farm. Associate species: Gratiola
neglecta, Ranunculus sceleratus. Higman 874.
\
sT onke gam
Tee meen Hog 320-302 [lene To aondsea, no toshoudAé -ioeit wel! ue:
es ay pee SiatojeeA .ON8) sxsiosh peiventast trodesdy: to dabot
-COSL, coop th). svods saddles —
one
heeerc li~yorsv ebtaidad bod asia vag ashok
. isity? Le OF Geer? .ifeme Io sesttwe a6 tosbaudA toot rl
Breese: ,uiventost notesdD 10 Aanies oe T89n'haoq Fio-dgs ectisa t
h, *BUARLssobIzey xm .xontm sonst testoeqe ststooash .SYBE
“Ona rome tl MUIITKIVIUS Mb nS gr ager
| .
FSR GAMUT IZMMOS
oni foimoD
| , +d gtnomuoo sok i smb)
FwoliynT sdzeid .& -9 (lsupiM) esopbul tag,
* wiih ak bas heok Aee7D ybbuM blo gnols Josupexial wore? evel
Byges Io yqonko Jmsosfbs vd bebase visyseT +5483 @2nsxdasS
tagkseqa Si6Iaoseh eran 291 Hoybosbotstt bos adie austeug
2 «£33739 BtlsxO »-9qe- muroe oa
ailoiqonsig? .mugetat loxeo a s
SCE pamgeity
MgmaomeS aiiviosd entre
Gees GuiodsetH .oozinissiy pysvo}
ie : ; Bnei ii ety axsy
SAS OAL AACS UOG
pisdigaxzsIeH a -
gtetpal¢-bult - -I 3 1A siorot toss sedzansoaell 7
Mae baoq fatoiiitzs to sinad ybbus” :nnttese end -to9K xvi
faskosqe otntooses orp? yet1uM oo .sgantesb deexd nviesdd 2 5 ie
OTB. pamg tt “au2181320) SEL asigea!
Ute
JUNCACEAE
1. Leaves and young stems pubescent; capsule 1-locular... Luzula
1. Leaves and young stems glabrous; capsule 3-locular.... Juncus
Luzula
Luzula echinata (Small) F. J. Herm. Woodrush
Java Farm. Infrequent on moist, south-facing forested slope
overlooking upper tidal portion of Muddy Creek. One station adjacent
to Typha latifolia salt marsh and one at source of tributary stream.
Canopy of Quercus alba, Q. velutina, Carya tomentosa, Liriodendron
tulipifera, etc. Associate species: Carex emmonsii. Higman 717, 1097.
Juncus
1. Individual flowers subtended by a pair of bracteoles
as well as the bractlet at base of pedicel.
2. Inflorescence terminal, subtended by one or more
slender divergent leaves.
3. Leaf sheaths tapering to summit, not auricled;
inflorescence at least one quarter height of
PLANE. coc csccccsvesececccnsscsccccevecovseccones J. bufonius
3. Leaf sheaths auricled at summit; inflorescence
less than one quarter height of plant. (Also,
auricles entire; rhizome short, hidden by
tussock; tips of sepals not appressed to capsule).
4, Auricles prolonged, scarious, lance-
triangular; leaves flat.......seeeeeseeeeeoee J. tenuis
4. Auricles rounded, not lance-triangular;
leaves terete or only channeled on upper
SLdC. cece ec ec cree ccc r es eecereeresseseeseeeee J. dichotomus
2. Inflorescence apparently lateral, the subtending
Hleafykikey a (continuation) of ‘the ‘Stemi. 6... ete eh huUSUsS
1. Individual flowers subtended only by a bractlet at
base of the very short pedicel.
5. Leaves not septate. Expected (J. répens, J. biflorus).
5. Leaves septate. (Also, heads of flowers not
spherical).
ah oe
ic Bom... aeluool-£ siveqés saudvdele eeste govoy bee eevss
slut pat ae +4 wel in
i. ‘i *
Hercoboolt rsh .& Ot (itemes: atamidos 5 seat
agate beteor't at Rater i berynath va Jnsupstinl anett evel
WHooe the wetseue on ,xoeet) vbbut to oktroq [sbtd saqgqu untiocolsave
Peel) TthseeiT? 20 S5tvoOeK ta ore Sie favaw ise Brioitgal edgy ea | Ce
Bis \eeosieno? eyisd ,soljulev 2 ,sdis eujsvau) to yqonse ae
Neibanbs
WOOL ATS Gano tPsqoums x9 se
ned ‘esiooge bobeeA §6.cdo perett Ee
axe “STi
a ey
7 sirsni j Side
~
\ esiostoagd to theq « vd bebmeddive srawolt |Iepbivibal fie
esibsq to eead te tsftosizd oft dn. Liaw as
aydm eo vi bebusidue ,ietckoriess sogessaproftal So: om
a 2ave0! Jasgrevib yebmels — +
*paloriwe in , Simmer oF aolasqad aritsade 4peti .& \ ae
idgiad «8traup so7 3te6al Ix Sonssanxatint
Baaeoiud «i. [Phew eee vaeeetoe thee bn bwtee «we qghitBad
Mia Pri fitrade test’ (zt
bal ce suo mells gaol
] (eyrine ad folsyva’ =~ ft ,
‘ ‘ met
. »telusoe ae eqt? ~;aseesH3 i aL 4
Sy .
gonsl ,auoiisor , bsgnolore eeiciroA .é
rue? ah. wes sapeseesess dhl? goves!l ptalugnaty2 }
SiGivagelis-esnei ton ,bebavoxyvesfoarmuA «<b
s9q4U no! bolefAnkds.¢ico to sts1s? woyvasl ay
ae ee ee “ae 6 Ps , ** ss . ee etas es BOER
wipe
snkbnesidue six ,lors7al viaaeute somsossToltnt .§
Be dei Ne pebectsssOI8 302 FO- aol seun tance 6 stil teal
ecg e |
dn tefsce1d & vd qiao bolwevduas ededok D
-Teotbeg trode voy ‘ond 9
By
78.
6. Heads hemispherical to nearly spherical......... J. canadensis
6. Heads less than hemispherical............+-++++e- J. acuminatus
Juncus bufonius L. Toad-rush
Ivy Neck. Principal station in marsh at head of Cheston Creek
estuary. Hectare 4753. Co-dominant with Eleocharis palustris.
Adjacent to stands of Typha latifolia and Scirpus validus.
Infrequent at forest border of cornfield; there associated with
Juncus tenuis. Higman 739, 838.
J. tenuis Willd. Bog-rush
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant on dry, unshaded
areas (fields, bluffs overlooking Rhode River near Sand Point, etc.),
roadsides, and cracked pavement. Wide variation of associate species.
Hioman) 2471735) 7965 824.837, 839.
Juncus tenuis, f. anthelatus (Wieg.) F. J. Herm.
Java Farm. One station in broken pavement at Fox Point. Hectare
3557. Canopy of Quercus prinus. Higman 434.
J. dichotomus Ell. Bog-rush
Java Farm. One station: in Hog Island salt marsh. Hectare
3582. Associate species: Panicum virgatum.
Ivy Neck. One station: marshy north end of abandoned wheat-
field. Hectare 4762. Associate species: Juncus effusus, Carex
frankii, Carex scoparia, and Scirpus atrovirens. Higman 304, 749.
J. effusus L., var. solutus Fern. & Wieg. Soft Rush
Java Farm. Infrequent at marshy west end of meadow north of
main buildings. Hectare 2468. Associate species: Phalaris
arundinacea (dominant), Polygonum saggitatum, and Scirpus rubricosus.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent at marshy end of abandoned wheatfield.
Hectare 4762. Associate species: Carex scoparis, Eleocharis
intermedia. Higman 748, 880.
J. canadensis J. Gay Bog-rush
Java Farm. One station: bank of Muddy Creek above entrance
road culvert. Hectare 2467. Open canopy of Platanus occidentalis,
Fagus grandifolia, and Liriodendron tulipifera. Understory of
Cornus florida and Lindera benzoin. Associate species: Glyceria
striata, Panicum clandestinum, and Duchesnea indica. Higman 792.
| : ‘uote
ya “hosear) 4o bee 2s fn Sle at aolista Agate 954 ev
: | BkaedocolA saiw Jnsatmob-o0 .£2\) sisiosit eae
Igy sugyice bas eilotissl sdgyT to ebase of smoniha
Deh bedktsoves sxod3 :bletinxo» to rsbrod fasr02 $2 bast is Sai
BES ,CEY poise jase 3 eusaeh
taunt SELLE aivied oe i
. Babaidexs Vib no Jnabauds qistexaboM aoa wl bea mist Tent
a Wivade ,anioT bas2 vseq revid sboda ackfoulyeve: atiuld ebiar3) 258%h~
i awaetesad GiGtsouss to nolistiay shiW .jusmeveq bexoe1 bre aebiabeey)
sREB , VER , O88 dey ETE . es ca
a | .wxsH .t .9 (.g0tW) suszsisdins 47 _2buns? euaeut
O1B3501! SntoY xot jun inemeveq sodlord of ootisia enO § .otet svat
LOfh namglh .aumtrg guoisv) to yqomed .Veee
ieux-s08 ; sIia- eumotodalLb Eb.
BuntoSH «6.detem Jiee beaiel gol st ‘saobisete nO |. tht eval
twiseriv auornss taekssqu sistooseA ‘sS8CE pie
minotw bacobasds to bao deton Yierem snokiste an0 .ADSH yvI
AD ,Bueutis gusoul :eotssqa s2stanoeeA Saye axe399R bist?
peP\ ,ADE names .emexivoyts eugito® bas ,sissqose xexe8) AbipeD
fea 2to08 pot 2.219% avtulos .tev 4.d) apeutis Ge
erg:
96 doton wobsem ico bro teow yieraa is treupsTinl .mrsT svel
Biyalady iestosge siziooneA ,804S s1BI94n -agaitb{tsd atee@
BeueOotiors Averte? bas ,sistitgess sunogylot ,(tnscimob) ssaanthauas.
thisttonedw beaohoeds Io base ydatse 36 Jasupetial ideo yt
rt De Stzeadoosid ,etzsqooe xsi42 :esiszeqe s3sinzoeeA . S008 azajaei |
088,80) momgit ptbemaesi | ;
Ue
J. acuminatus Michx. Bog-rush
Ivy Neck. One station: dry bank of artificial pond on upper
Cheston Peninsula. Associate species: Echinochloa pungens. Higman 997.
LILIACEAE
1. Flowers or inflorescence terminal.
2. Flowers solitary. Expected (Lilium, Erythronium).
2, Flowers in clusters.
3. Plant woody, evergreen; leaves rigid, erect, with
marginal shreddy fibers. Sandy shore habitat.
(Also, flowers white, campanulate, in a
PAMACM|S) elses Patevarapsterensicrsoreneliste: suolionshaneverchers lekeiere meres UIeCa
3. Plant herbaceous, not evergreen; leaves not rigid,
without marginal shreddy fibers. Inland habitat.
4. Flowers 1 dm. long or more, very showy.
5. Flowering stem arising from fibrous roots;
Teaves basal... ..ceeccisvcscncceseceeccesss Hemerocallis
5. Flowering stem arising from a scaly
bulb; leaves cauline. Expected (Lilium).
4, Flowers considerably smaller.
6. Flowers in umbels.
7. Flowers white or pink; leaves basal;
plant onion=Scented ss ci. osice eis soe eie cence ALLium
7. Flowers greenish yellow; leaves
cauline; plant odorless. Expected
(Medeola).
6. Flowers in racemes, corymbs, or panicles.
8. Styles 3. Expected (Amianthium, Stenanthium).
8. Style 1, sometimes cleft at tip.
9. Base bulbous; leaves linear, basal;
fruit a capsule. (Also, perianth
segments white with broad green
MAA ADS) |< cic: 6 «0561 2's.,0) oie) ofe/s)e) 0) 6018, +) neieuo ONE Ehopalum
9. Base not bulbous, arising from
long rhizomes; leaves oblong to
ovate, cauline; fruit a berry....... Smilacina
tee. va: nnd ¥xb peg ou! oa _saoett ;
oa aeehoage s3sLooeeA ‘eluant
Ste are a
FASOAT II
| Mewphuoadacst MLLED HEED) bodosqal .yresiios exmol ou a"
-e79Jeufo ne srowolt s
aisiw ,29979 ,bigizs eavesl jmestgisvs .vhaow “4ostd es .
in steiidad g10de ybas@ .sisdi? ybosida’ Esatgream — >see
S mE ,Sislunagsss ahadee etswoll-i,oBla) ae
| UVES ae ee eee Ses bev veer eevencun e (ILILNBE nu
a seiatt jog saveol inost_rsye jon ,2vososdi9nd gnsit..§
; —S63ided Oopin! e7adii ybborde Leutezenm tyodtiv
»ywode vrsy ,s20@ %o gaol .mb L erewolt, ,A _
“eto0% siosdid mott anteat«o art snitewolT _,¢
EO a -.aseleued asvaat
i visoe a moti gikaiis msta aeivawolT ,é
(mtttt) betosqxd .arifveo esvesl ,dind
roilieme videtsbisnos srewolT .#
eisdmy ot erswold .0
\
tigead esyeol santg xo gafdw arswolT.t
EE Abbe sos ss ro eeu+sDoleve=noino tarig
iY J
gol swolis itasexg exawolT .¥ oe
beloaqxa .easliohoe tnalq ;aniiuso
. . (aloabaM)
7 easioinsg ¥O ,ednyroo .ssme7e1 ok. a7ewold ,e :
SmRo932 ,mutdine lms) baszoqxd .€ aafyie .8 —)
) -qii 38 tislo eemtiemoe .f sly32 if nr hs
jisned ,1#edil seves! jevodiud send ,@ Siw ie
diast199 aid) .aluaqao 6 IRat i : |
nee%g beord diiw otidw a2anc ey naa thot? a
Penh e rth Ot ae mek ewrerensn ena ll a
2A
80.
1. Flowers or inflorescences axillary.
10. Plant thorny, a woody vine, often with tendrils... Smilax
10. Plant thornless, herbaceous, without tendrils.
11. Leaves reduced to small scales; plant extremely
DrANched.scecccesscccccccvsscesvcscecccesceses ASParagus
11. Leaves normally developed. Expected (Uvularia).
See Appendix I.
Yucca
Yucca filamentosa L. Adam's Needle
Ivy Neck. Infrequent on sandy beach facing Rhode River, well
north of Sand Point. Higman 1076.
Hemerocallis
Hemerocallis fulva L. Day Lily
Ivy Neck. One station: yard of abandoned house north of
entrance road. Hectare 4720. Persistent after cultivation.
Higman 961.
Allium
Allium vineale L. Wild Onion,
Field Garlic
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant to abundant in old
fields and in moist, moderately shaded areas near freshwater marshes
and streams. Higman 784,
Ornithogalum
Ornithogalum umbellatum L. Star of Bethlehem
Java Farm. One station: large field along north border.
Hectare 3508. Dense Rhus radicans. Higman 1146.
Smilacina
Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf. False Solomon's Seal
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant in mature forest
beside old entrance road. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba,
Liriodendron tulipifera, etc. Associate species: Dentaria laciniata,
Dentaria heterophylla, Claytonia virginica, Higman 412, 668.
sealiixe shsbpetalione ;
; Bh DASE Ser Te Rtas
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(phx aluvU) botosqxa .beqefsveb yliemion eevsed .Ify
»f xtbnaqqé: 9880 os.
sou oe AE Meee |
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sail ‘avi shod gatosi dosed ybnse no ‘gaoupertal Ren Ut:
.OXOL memati antes bre 20 dance!
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yitt yet ” 2 svlut eklissorgmel
Yo dixon Satied benobnsds Yo bisy :nottsie asO .js9H yvi
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. £68 asmgit i
musta
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stitad blolt x
— bie @) tnsbeuds of frebriudea vista1sboM “;A99K yvI bos oteT sval q
betlexhm totewseox? 1s9n esoxe hobsde yietstebom ,Jatom nt bos ebletie -
4 ; BY animate ,emsstte brie
mute goiitar0
madeidied to x632 «I muta tiedm eG
stebrod dizom anole bist? sgisl i:notsaze snO .mred avel
OIL osmgitf -adsatbex aud seamed Chas Seer
81.
Smilax
1. Leaves whitened or glaucous beneath; berries blue..... S. glauca
1. Leaves green beneath; berries blue-black.............. 5S. rotundifolia
Smilax glauca Walt.
Java Farm. Infrequent on Fox Point. Canopy of mature Quercus
prinus. Associate species: Baptisia tinctoria, Epigaea repens,
Gaylussacia baccata. Higman 1072.
S. rotundifolia L. Greenbriar
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Abundant on the landward borders of
salt marshes, often forming a dense barrier. Apparently delimits the
saline and freshwater parts of marshes. Associate species: Rosa palus-—
tris, Typha latifolia, Hibiscus palustris. Higman 269.
Asparagus
Asparagus officinalis L. Asparagus
Java Farm. One station: lawn at main building area. Hectare 2580.
Associate species: Medicago lupulina, Melilotus alba, Allium vineale.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent on sandbars, landward borders of salt
marshes, and muddy shores of Cheston Creek and Scaffold Creek estuaries.
Higman 740.
DIOSCOREACEAE
Dioscorea
Dioscorea villosa L. Yam
Java Farm. One station: beside old entrance road. Hectare 2474,
Mature canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, Liriodendron
tulipifera, etc. Associate species: Claytonia virginica, Dentaria
heterophilla, Smilacina racemosa, Viola papilionacea. Higman 699.
AMARYLLIDACEAE
1. Perianth and fruit glabrous; base a truncated bulb.
(Also, flowers loosely spreading or nodding;
perianth with a slender tube and campanulate or
cup-like crown and a spreading limb).................. Narcissus
as eal ees Hs 8 i ‘ot ia
x
iy
byoten Povanned .20k6s xoF ho siswps Stak versa niet. -
“pepsin . £1753 ‘uae givtiqad restosqa sssisoteé =
SYOL. memgih .a7e5aad Sloe. 480 a
se tednowtd 4 gi ei foathou: 104) Ea
he eeensod Biswhaat ot 20. ‘noboudA fost yet bas ‘nzetiavel: ee
a ont Seiatieb eiinstaqgA: «.t9ktred s2nsb 5 ynkinxol oS3to , sora tsar thats 4
‘ae Bene ahetdegs oielooens exéer 20. HITHg- totewiteors bas ba =
QoS nemyth setrtisoleq BSvoetdih jst fotijsl -siigy7 Shee
_- | pugaeege 5 | ee.
: } niyo yaqak T alliatoltio: sugssageaa”
> abies, Sehtoet kaya gotbited wien 346 nwel snoksete en! Serre eyst at
sg inant) fai. ita ;BGis weioli let .ehituqul ogsotheM ‘nefosge atsisoeely
Sfee iG orehbrod biswhes! ,2ztadbase mo Issupsttnl §6.apen YV
Seenemieme Meer Hivtiaoe bar dos sotesid to wazods ybbuin brs .2odsam eas
,044) napoli ;
. AFOARHOOROIG ey
it.’ aJ neolltv seyoosokd
“og OTAL Semgeeh | |6ofheoy? sunetTios Lio Shiesd taolsaze sn coset eye
Bppetiots} i eis wvoveu) ,stlottbnasy ‘evga? io Yqomeo oruinM
Wi ~Beinigiiv gine Yai? ayboege slaloosaA soda: ge ¢
W220 weweth -asomrot fh gi: eiolY ,seomsos7 saboa liek
wee
RAZDACLLIYAAMA
nll x0: '
1 he “ «\ WLS BALIN 2 5 ae
P ay abe Captian i
.
‘tie
*iu Saar
82.
1. Perianth pilose on the outside; base a corm, rhizome,
or tuber. (Also, tube of perianth covering ovary
and perianth segments converging to form a beak over
the fruit; leaves linear, usually pubescent).......... Hypoxis
Narcissus
1. Flowers yellow; crown about as long as perianth-
SEQMENESS ooccccviscieeeriescceeeewecesdesissecccaceesoencae Ne pSeudonarcissus
1. Flowers white; crown much shorter than perianth-
SEQLMENES. co cccccccccccccscecscsccsccreceseresceceseves Ne poeticus
Narcissus pseudonarcissus L,. Daffodil
Java Farm. One station: steep east-facing slope of ridge
near north border, north of new entrance road (yard of old house).
Hectare 2562. Canopy of mature Juglans nigra. Persistent after
cultivation. Higman 552.
N. pseudonarcissus L., var.?
Ivy Neck. One station: yard of old house between entrance road
and source of Scaffold Creek drainage. Hectare 4658. Persistent after
cultivation. Higman 586.
N. poeticus L. Poets' Narcissus
Java Farm. One station: summit of steep ridge near north
border, north of new entrance road (yard of old house). Hectare 2562.
Canopy of mature Juglans nigra. Persistent after cultivation.
Higman 601.
Hypoxis
Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville Stargrass
Java Farm. One station: bank of tributary of Muddy Creek,
near old Muddy Creek Road. Hectare 2491. Canopy of mature Fagus
grandifolia. Associate species: Claytonia virginica, Smilacina
racemosa. Higman 6/0.
IRIDACEAE
Sisyrinchium
Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. Blue-eyed Grass
Java Farm. One station: mound of charcoal in yard of burned house
on road to springhouse. Hectare 3417. Partial canopy of Rhus typhina.
Associate species: Trifolium repens, Lepidium virginicum. Higman 709.
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| atxoqyA
. Bestg7s3- siiivod (.J) sstpaxkd akxogell }
e#eas5 ybbuM 26 yratudiszt to dosd saoliaie Sa0 = .05N4 svat
(puget 2suiem jo ygons) .f0AS sisitcel .bsof dosxd ybboM Do) xs9a —
fanbonitme -.potataity sinorvsl) +esisaqe sIelackeA ere Ss
058 cewgtil “<BROMS >Re =
83.
ORCHIDACEAE
1. Inflorescence a terminal spike; stem with narrow,
clasping leaves. (Also, basal leaves fleshy and
evergreen, with white veins).....cccceseesceeescseeees Goodyera
1. Inflorescence a raceme or of one terminal flower;
flowers borne on a scape.
2. Flowers remotely racemose, exceeded by leafy bracts;
lips of corolla pink and white; flowers 2 to 3 cm.
ION Pieveverevenelololereteicletoleler ereiskenereielelcialeverererereretelcieleis! cleretelorenepeis OC lias
2. Flowers solitary, terminal, without leafy bracts;
lip of corolla pink or roseate, inflated, drooping,
365 C007 cm. LONZecccsceccanevsvdoveccseveveveseves Cypripedium
Goodyera
Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. Rattlesnake-plantain,
Latticeleaf
Java Farm. Infrequent in mature forest west of Muddy Creek.
Canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus alba.
Also one station in mature forest at Fox Point. Canopy of Quercus
alba, Quercus prinus. Higman 250.
Orchis
Orchis spectabilis L. Showy Orchis
Java Farm. One station: mature forest west of Muddy Creek,
near old entrance road. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba,
and Liriodendron tulipifera. Associate species: Dentaria heterophilla,
Claytonia virginica, Smilacina racemosa. Rare species. Higman 654.
Cypripedium
Cypripedium acaule Ait. Lady-slipper,
Moccasin flower
Java Farm. Infrequent: two stations under canopy of mature
Fagus grandifolia and Quercus alba. One station near apex of
triangular area west of old Muddy Creek Road, near freshwater marsh.
One on northeast-facing slope between old entrance road and main
building area, north of water tank. Rare species. Higman 476, 669.
ess ‘ae x ay v
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Bisse cscrveytenebsttoy sikdw dstw wise1g7ava a
Samuat® lankis3 So ko. 40 SUSIST. § sonseasoL tah
sOqn98 BLO, eased 2% i
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.
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ayo wiasad vbbut. do. eow 2aot01 siudem at ansupsyint .mrel evel ee
ote ~pdia suoxsud isitatlyd nozbnebotzbl -stioitbsass eugel io yqoaed ony
: srujem oh pottgiaa sno VeLé
Byomeud fo YooRs) .antol xo1: 7A Jas to01
af O25 spegtH .auntig aug tsup -sdis.
Nios fis i:
@trlor0 ywode ia atizgna zeus se)
9 ,4ga70 ybbuM 36 Jaow sa9702 siviem saoliate sa0 wrist evel
: auomsup, ,sifoitboars pons io yqonso hsoy SonB%In8 -—
Riieraied stastiad :eoloags sistaoseA ,sxsitgt tux noes Ss “—
PAOD Gamgih. .naineqe 276i .gpomeony ALORS eee tae .B2 tatay ky singel .
mu thegry ae,
ae
Gewolt alsxssoM
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84.
SAURURACEAE
Saururus
Saururus cernuus L. Lizard's-tail
Java Farm. Infrequent, in valleys of tributaries to Muddy Creek.
Canopy of Quercus alba, Fagus grandifolia, etc. Higman 397, 985.
SALICACEAE
1. Leaves linear to lanceolate, acute; aments ascending
Gre Ghhwadusmen po ono DO COO OU DOU OUD COOUDUOO OO ODO G0 G00 bO0 o meulab
1. Leaves broadly ovate or triangular, acuminate; aments
arching Or droOping....escereeseccecscceccccesseevess POPuLUS
Salix
The species included in this key are those from the Washington-
Baltimore flora (Hermann, 1946) which the available literature does
not report as restricted to the Piedmont. Of these seven species,
three (S. nigra, S. sericea, and S. tristis) are represented from the
Maryland Coastal Plain in the U. S. National Herbarium. Only S. nigra
has been found at the Chesapeake Bay Center to date. This key should
facilitate the search for additional species there.
1. Leaves entire or sparingly undulate-crenate, narrowly
oblanceolate to obovate; plant a shrub. (Also, aments
preceding the leaves; staminate and pistillate
flowers each with one basal gland.) Expected (S.
humilis, S. tristis).
1. Leaves closely serrulate, linear-lanceolate to
broadly lanceolate; plant a tree (shrubby in S.
sericea). (Also, scales of ament pubescent.)
2. Aments sessile, preceding the leaves; scales
blackish, persistent; capsules silky-puberulent;
staminate flowers each with one basal gland.
(Also, leaves acuminate, glaucous and silky
beneath; stamens 2.) Expected (S. sericea).
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BUIOGE Wage hsee eyed ds erinersentasvawayses oe QNiQoO¥h YO Sarno se
eroseninvaW 65 mort seodd sxe woe aliit ef hebutont asiosqe sit :
ROOD S2utarItl eldsltevs sd) do titw (AdCl. ruspryahH) stol® svoutt lag
i : peSiaaga oaves saesida 10 thombs.oT sf9 o3 hojolriezat es. 2xoqst: 30a"
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| Sate 2 YinO .mwtyedral {ecole .2 0 off3 Felt tetasog bo team
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siedd asiosqe fanooribbe +0ot doxwsse si3 os0skt ae
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me bjeliigeltq bos sienlmatie :esvesl ody polbegszg —
—<C) batosixt (.bosla Leesd soo. di tw dase erewolt _)
yd uae | : (EE aR AS, 2 s8s saeainr’ aa
33 sSisfosonpl-—resatl .s2aturssa yloaols ae Pi ;
2 oi yddurde) seri s tuniq ;s3alosanel ylbaord =e
C.tnaoesduq tneme to eolaoe ,oelA) -(so9okxeg |
: esiace ;asveol oft antbsosaq olteeasa ven a
jidelureduq~yilie ealueqes ;tasjeleqaéq (Heblaaie)
«baals Inesd oro d3hw doses etswolt odaakme2e
ae | wilia bre avoovsly ,sisakouse, sevae. pe
7 oem ee 7. * > a
a, a, (panties 2) ers BOE Salen |
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a
84a.
2. Aments on leafy peduncles, accompanying the leaves;
scales yellow, deciduous; capsules glabrous;
staminate flowers each with two basal glands.
3. Petioles not glandular above at apex; stamens 3
to 8; pistillate flowers whorled. (Also, leaves
long-acuminate).
4, Leaves glaucous beneath. (Also, leaves somewhat
pubescent, especially on midribs). Expected
(S. caroliniana).
4. Leaves green beneath... cc ccsccecesccescrcccccorse Of Rigra
3. Petioles glandular above at apex; stamens usually 2;
pistillate flowers spirally arranged.
5. Leaves glabrous at maturity, with 4 to 6 teeth
per cm. of margin; capsules short-pedicelled.
Expected (S. fragilis).
5. Leaves silky-pubescent, with 7 to 9 teeth per
cm. of margin; capsules sessile. Expected (S. alba).
Salix nigra Marsh. Black Willow
Java Farm. Infrequent, in freshwater portion of marsh at mouth of
Fox Creek drainage and at the landward margin of small marsh on the north
side of Fox Point peninsula. Hectares 3526, 3557. Associate species:
Rosa palustris.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent, in moist wooded strip at source of Cheston
Creek estuary. Hectare 4733. Canopy of Diospyros virginiana, Robinia
pseudoacacia, Platanus occidentalis, etc. Higman 465, 493, 525, 589.
Populus
1. Leaves ovate, short-acuminate, wooly when young but
glabrate at maturity; teeth remote, deltoid, unequal..... P. grandidentata
1. Leaves triangular, acuminate, glabrous at all ages;
EeEeCEh, numerous, Equal. i seccceriereccsecesereveseiicsesees XP Cupened
Populus grandidentata Michx. Big-toothed Aspen
Java Farm. One station: rubbish pile on north side of headquarters,
near big steel shed. Hectare 2489. Associate species: Paulownia
tomentosa, Celtis occidentalis. Higman 913.
cS ia phere ences ofaoe
| Poms “dghw qone: exewolt oasritsie26
are fy 2 ‘enomst@ regan 3B avods. satiate Jon: eotokieniuel ae
Re, Miinat oats) .bsktodw atewolt otsiltsetq 28 ed
cae (edsnienosqgeol —
| Isdwemoe. eevsol oats) .Hdsensd euoouslg ravaed ny
beroaqet J(adizbim no wistosqes .tasoesdiq
. (eagtniforss 127
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aoe
. aa J aes
> Se S$ vilavev endsmspte ;xsqs 3s svods telubnety .selotsel .f :
. -bsgasize yYilattqe avswolt atelilvetg’ irae
fiteesd 6 of } dtiw ,ytisujan ja evordsife asvsel ,¢ 3
i, my
Cree ebalisstbsq-trods esliegss patgitsm jo .md 19q oh i
»(etitgest .2) betsequa
asq djsot @ of \ dttw ,jnssesduq-yllie sevpad .¢.) >>
(edie .2) betosqxd .slitaasa eolueqes intgism to «mM
he woLLIW don ia .fersM stata xbfe
90 ftuowm 38 dexsm to wolt1og yetewdes7? of ,3e9upertHI ore syst HRS
fexeg 803 ao Herem Ilene to otyrem biswhnef si? Js bas sgemiayb Aeor0-x0F |
Seetosge SistsoszA .TECl ,aSe@f eerstosH ,sivenineq Inkol xoT to Ssbzeo
eixjayisg SeOR 1
fioseedd to g31v08 26 gixse baboow gatom at ,3msupetial .a59n “wt
ae Same cae eozyqsoid io vqonn) . CET) stsi9sHh jy reutes abana
7 ® ,¢c6) hemethH .9796 VN et ede ile eunete ly Slosospbys ey
sutugod
tud pavoy medw yloow ,s2sclmune-srode ,otavd seven ae
ef «««+«-faupsar ,bioiieb , stoma. diss? ;-ysisoden 35 etardatg
- ¢eege [fs te avordaiy 1 Sienlonios eTaluguelss neveel,
cite nami,
85.
X P. eugenei Simon-Lewis Carolina Poplar
(P. deltoides Marsh. x P. nigra L. var. italica Muench.)
(X P. canadensis Moench var. eugenei (Simon-Lewis) Schelle)
Ivy Neck. One station: two large trees in yard of old house near
entrance road. Hectare 4658. Higman 1089, 1142.
MYRICACEAE
Myrica
Myrica cerifera L. - Wax Myrtle
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant along shores of
estuaries, under a variety of hardwood canopies. Infrequent on sand-
bars and at margins of salt marshes. Higman 572.
JUGLANDACEAE
1. Leaves with 10 to 17 leaflets; nut with fleshy indehiscent
husk and irregularly furrowed shell; pith of branchlets
Separdtine. into than: Plates ioiee «steers! ol cieio jeter sisiene\s ciel s ciere aiehetenere pd oulans
P g Ue oe
1. Leaves with 5 to 9 leaflets; nut with dry, partly or
wholly dehiscent husk and smooth bony shell; pith of
DEANChLSES <CONEINUOUS (wie cise vie ci eiels 4) 0)n1 eis'6) ole a) areleleielsliois sieieleiors ee 1 Cava
Juglans
Juglans nigra L. Black Walnut
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant in mature
canopies, usually associated with Liquidambar styraciflua in canopy and
Lindera benzoin in understory. Dominant at Java Farm on steep east- and
west-facing slopes of ridge near north boundary (hectare 2562); co-
dominant with Quercus falcata, Fagus grandifolia, Platanus occidentalis,
and Liquidambar styraciflua on south-facing slope above Muddy Creek
(hectare 3415, 3416). Co-dominant at Ivy Neck with Quercus prinus at two
points on shore of Scaffold Peninsula (hectares 5704, 5745). Higman 159, 755.
‘Carya
1. Terminal buds yellow, somewhat lanceolate. (Also, leaf-
lets 5 to 9, lanceolate to lance-ovate)....... seccceesess GC. cordiformis
1. Terminal buds brown, ovoid-acute.
2. Leaflets 5; young branchlets glabrous............++.. C. glabra
2. Leaflets 7 to 9; young branchlets tomentose.........- C. tomentosa
| ‘ eau ‘praia J
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nidd otek. gritatsqass
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bo. dia <ileda yaod dgcome bnra.Aeud josoekdeb wi Lomlw. my
yo See ee evount Jo09 aialHonetd, Li
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Seentem ab, iebeauda yleisishom 04 jouupetini .«ASon Yvi Dor mist evet
dmabiwolt fatw batsiososes yileuew .26iqonea
Bie yoouso of fvlitoriyte zsdm8
Bee e4uee gesie co mini sysel Je Josdlmd motarsbuy nk akossed
eps :(Sde@S s1éaoed) yiebquod dion er Bacay 1o aegale patont
sriebto20 auiAdeasS ,oilotibnsig euped , gisoisi auszeuO nate -atmol
9n30 “ybbuM evade eqole gatvai~dijvoa a0 barrier nr mado pit bas
usreu0 div joel Yvi 24 tnentmobso) . COLA, thet ete:
s(2n%e@ dO wateivol) asfyveatae’ hoa ed 19. prode. aa 8
a ayis) 4
paepeey “teas ~OelA) .eanlossasl Jedwamon.
} ; ee eee: TOLL 03 ada
an Vig
86.
Carya cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch Bitternut Hickory
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant in
understory of mature forest, under canopy of Quercus alba, Fagus
grandifolia, Quercus velutina, Liriodendron tulipifera, etc. Most
abundant near top of south-facing slope overlooking tidal portion of
Muddy Creek. Higman 170, 247, 403.
C. glabra (Mill.) Sweet Pignut Hickory
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent in understory of mature
forest, like C. cordiformis above. Also observed under canopy of Quercus
prinus. Associate species: Cornus florida, Acer rubrum, Carpinus
caroliniana, Carya tomentosa, Liquidambar styraciflua. Higman 521.
C,. tomentosa (Poir.) Nutt. Mockernut Hickory
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant in
understory and canopy of mature forest. Associated with C. cordiformis
and C, glabra above. Higman 418, 419, 420.
BETULACEAE
1. Bark smooth, with rounded ridges (muscular); fruit
a nutlet at the base of a lobed, leafy bracts; nutlet
WANE LESS cicheic e.clors ese s se cs capesis sisose sss vslee es eceee ses CAtPINUS
1. Bark smooth only on younger trees, without rounded
ridges; fruit a number of small winged nutlets grouped
into a cone, without leafy bracts.
2. Pith of branchlets triangular; cones woody, persis-
TOME OVO ierareicires siraiay cl syelie) sroke\ieriove estore crate’ er aueveveretencletaiel erst once AULT US
2. Pith of branchlets circular; cones cylindrical...... Betula
Carpinus
Carpinus caroliniana Walt. Hornbeam,
Blue Beech
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant in the understory
of mature hardwood forest, under canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus
alba, Liriodendron tulipifera, etc. Seems to prefer slopes overlooking
streams and freshwater marshes. Higman 187, 1105.
Dies eaten ot Padouketnn i. teen yi an rst.
er ails BupasuD fo yqoeso ysbuy , teste sTusEq Ro yred
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oo Ge Yaones z5bny bevieddo oafA yevods simigit -byo9. +2 oti Biase ;
; ASE aa ~msidua 195A ,shiyol? euntod <8 Foods 3 Stet 508A, -
wi an femgi ~eulitonsyje. tadombippti .sso3nrorod a SAB:
an VIotete Iwirtss!oo! sur oC. thot) Sa0snemog
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RARSAIVTAE
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beenory etotsun bogntw [fees io todeun & Ikust FeaRgber
snexd vial guotdby).,.sce2 & otal
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87.
Alnus
Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng. Smooth Alder
(A. serrulata (Air.) Willd., var. vulgaris)
Java Farm. One station: base of Fox Point peninsula, on north side.
Hectare 3557. Canopy of Nyssa sylvatica, Quercus velutina, Quercus
alba, Quercus prinus, Pinus virginiana. Associate species: Aralia
spinosa, Prunus serotina, Acer rubrum. Higman 650.
Betula
Betula nigra L. River Birch,
Red Birch
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent along banks of estuaries,
bottom of Muddy Creek valley and on Fox Point Road. Occasionally found
under Quercus prinus canopy. Higman 651, 1106
FAGACEAE
1. Leaves simple, sharply and regularly serrate, acuminate;
fruit a nut in a spiny bur.
2. Leaves oblong-ovate; leaf buds linear-lanceoloid and
sharply pointed; bark pale gray; large tree........ Fagus
2. Leaves oblong-lanceolate; leaf buds short and blunt;
bark dark brown; stump sprouts only.......eeeeese++e Castanea
1. Leaves lobed, or if simple, entire or with round-
tipped teeth; fruit a smooth acorn with a basal cup... Quercus
Fagus
Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. Beech
Java Farm. Moderately abundant in mature canopy, especially on
upland west of Muddy Creek and on north- and west-facing slopes of ridge
between old entrance road and main building area. Less frequent on
lower south-facing slopes overlooking the tidal portion of Muddy
Creek. Associate species: Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Lirioden-
dron tulipifera, Liquidambar styraciflua.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in southern part of Quercus alba forest
on Scaffold Peninsula. Higman 277, 558.
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tstaninwon ,ojarioe yizeliget bos ‘yiquede ,olamta soveas
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Buameup .. «quo Ieend 8 djiw otoos n3oome 6 Iiuxz jdjesd beqqta
soget
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fo vlintosqss ,yqoces siv2em ot Jsasbauds ylsrsz9boM 387, :
e 4c eeqole gnioni-jesw bas -d3ton ao bas jsex) ybbyl te teow &
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88.
Castanea
Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Chestnut
Java Farm. Infrequent in mature mixed hardwood forest, occurring
only as stump sprouts. Collected under canopy of Fagus grandifolia and
its associates, also one station on Hog Island under canopy of Quercus
prinus. Higman 107, 402.
Quercus
1. Lobes or teeth of leaves not bristle-tipped;
acorn cup with puberulent scales, rust-
puberulent within.
2. Leaves not lobed, or with sinuses less than
1/3 of distance to midrib. (Also, leaves
puberulent beneath; acorn puberulent above).
3. Acorns on peduncles 2-7 cm. long, exceeding
petioles; leaves much paler and densely
stellate-tomentose beneath, often shallowly
lobed. Expected (Q. bicolor).
3. Acorns sessile or nearly so; leaves slightly
paler and moderately stellate-puberulent
beneath, coarsely serrate with sharp or
rounded teeth (never lobed).
4. Leaves sharply serrate (tips of teeth
round); acorn 1.5-2.0 cm. long, subglobose... Q. muehlenbergii
4. Leaves dentate with broadly rounded teeth;
acorn 2-3 cm. long, ovoid-ellipsoid.......... Q. prinus
2. Leaves lobed with sinuses more than 1/3 of distance
to midrib.
5. Mature leaves glabrous, whitened beneath,
irregularly lobed (lobes ascending); acorn
ovoid-ellipsoid, 2-3 cm. long, glabrous......... Q. alba
5. Mature leaves densely stellate-pubescent
beneath, lobed like a cross; acorn ovoid, 1-1.5
cm. long, puberulent above........cceccceseceees Q. stellata
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89.
1. Lobes of leaves (or tip in Q. phellos)
bristle-tipped.
6. Leaves unlobed, entire. (Also, leaves glabrous
beneath, acorn globose, 10-15 mm. long; acorn
cup very shallow, with appressed scales, nearly
SESSILE) .cccrecececececccecccecrscsccvevescceseseses Q. phellos
6. Leaves lobed, the lobes usually cleft.
7. Leaves broadly obovate, shallowly 3-lobed.
(Also, leaves rounded at base, minutely
rust-puberulent beneath; acorn cup turbinate,
with tomentose scales, covering about
M/Z OL AMUC) iacschele lei siete) evelisis’ c.e'e(s eles! sisicls s[elele civieiereleie sO.) MaLaehanddica
7. Leaves oblong or elliptic in general outline,
moderately to deeply 5= to 7-lobed.
8. Base of leaf blade rounded to petiole, often
unevenly; basal lobes broadly divergent,
terminal one long and narrow. (Also, acorn
cup deeply saucer-shaped, covering 1/3 of nut,
its scales appressed, rounded).......+++e+e0+- Q. falcata
8. Base of leaf blade tapering to petiole;
lobes all ascending-spreading. (Also,
leaves often pubescent only in axils of
veins beneath).
9. Acorn cup turbinate, covering more than
1/3 of nut; leaf buds tomentose.
10. Upper scales of acorn cup loosely
imbricated, forming a fringe,
PUDESCENE. ce eeseeescreeeeereveceeeeeee Q. Velutina
10. Upper scales of acorn cup appressed,
becoming glabrous. (Also, leaf sinuses
often broadly circular; acorns often
with pale concentric rings around the
{esl D)) (olelalereueversvercha cers) eierershoeverelelelelalelcisias eto COCeIned
9, Acorn cup saucer-shaped, covering about
1/4 of nut; leaf buds usually glabrous
(or tomentose above in Q. rubra).
11. Leaves lobed moderately, bottom of sinus
rarely more than 2/3 the distance from
lobe-tip to midrib; acorn cup 1.5-3 cm.
wide; nut 2-3 cm. long. (Also, bark
often with pale gray streaks on upper
trunk; forest habitat). Expected
(Q. rubra).
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11. Leaves lobed deeply, bottom of sinus often
3/4 or more the distance from lobe-tip to
midrib; acorn cup 1-1.6 cm. wide; nut 1-1.3
em. long. (Also, lower branches often
spreading downward; frequently in old field
» habitat). .cccceccccscccsvccncsceceecoscsecncvee Q. palustris
Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm.?
(Q. prinoides Willd. var. acuminata (Michx) Gl.) Yellow Oak
Java Farm. Infrequent, large trees overhanging Rhode River
(Fox Creek estuary). Adjacent forest canopy of Robinia pseudoacacia
and Ulmus americana dominants. Higman 766.
Q. prinus L. Chestnut Oak
Java Farm. Co-dominant with Quercus alba in canopy at Fox
Point and Hog Island. Hectares 3558 and 3592. Associate canopy
species include Carya glabra and Carya tomentosa. Understory
dominants are Pinus virginiana (at Fox Point under thin canopy)
and Kalmia latifolia (at Hog Island). Understory associates include
Ilex opaca opaca, Acer rubrum, and Liquidambar styraciflua. Ericaceous
‘shrubs numerous. Also one station in bottom of Muddy Creek valley,
with canopy dominant Fagus grandifolia. Hectare 3403.
Ivy Neck. Dominates most of the shoreline of lower Scaffold
Peninsula, usually on banks 6 to 10 feet above the estuary. Co-
dominants include Quercus alba, Carya tomentosa, Acer rubrum, and
locally Fagus grandifolia. On Cheston Peninsula (west shore)
Quercus velutina usually co-dominates. Understory resembles that
at Java Farm. Higman 261.
Quercus alba L. White Oak
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in.most hardwood
canopies, on dry to moderately moist sites. Co-dominant on upland
with Quercus velutina, Acer rubrum, Liriodendron tulipifera, Carya
tomentosa, Fagus grandifolia, etc. Often co-dominant with Quercus
prinus on estuary shores. Higman 263.
Q. stellata Wang. Post Oak
Java Farm. Infrequent on banks of tidal portion of Muddy Creek,
under canopy of Quercus velutina and Quercus alba. One station on
Fox Point, under canopy of Quercus prinus. Prefers the shoreline,
overhanging the water. Also adventive in Hog Island salt marsh.
Higman 260, 275, 460.
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Q. phellos L. Willow Oak
Java Farm. One station in Hog Island salt marsh. Hectare 3572.
Associate species: Pinus virginiana, Juniperus virginiana, Liquidambar
styraciflua, Quercus stellate, Quercus palustris, Myrica cerifera.
Higman 278, 591.
Q. marilandica (L.) Muench. Black-jack Oak
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent, associated with Pinus virginiana.
Also at Java Farm: one station west of Old Muddy Creek Road, in canopy
of Liriodendron tulipifera and Fagus grandifolia. Higman 407.
Q. falcata Michx. Spanish Oak, Red oak (L)
Java Farm. Moderately abundant in canopy of bottomland forest at
northwest corner of Hog Island salt marsh. Hectares 3561, 3571. Adventive
into the marsh. Infrequent on south-facing slope along tidal portion of
Muddy Creek, with dominants Quercus alba, Fagus grandifolia, and Quercus
velutina. Also one station on Fox Point. Hectare 3558. Canopy there of
Quercus prinus.
Ivy Neck. One station on east bank of Scaffold Peninsula. Canopy
of Quercus alba, Quercus velutina. Higman 91, 262, 404.
Q. velutina Lam. Black Oak
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in most mature hardwood
canopies, especially on upper slopes and moderately dry sites. Also
moderately abundant on estuary shore of Cheston Point, where Quercus prinus
would be expected. Higman 588.
Q. coccinea Muench. Scarlet Oak
Java Farm. Infrequent in canopy of mature upland forest west of
Muddy Creek; also on ridge west of main building area and on south-facing
slope overlooking meadow, north of main buildings. Canopy dominants include
Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Liriodendron
tulipifera. Higman 414, 557.
Q. palustris Muench. Pin Oak
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant adventive in abandoned
fields; associate species: Acer rubrum, Liquidambar styraciflua, Cornus
florida, etc. Also at Java Farm: infrequent in valley of Muddy Creek,
under canopy of Platanus occidentalig and Fraxinus americana. Higman
Ya, Hoge
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ULMACEAE
1. Leaves entire, glabrous, prominently 3-veined at base,
very oblique at base, usually with insect galls;
buds appressed to stem; fruit a dark green drupe...... Celtis
1. Leaves serrate or dentate, pubescent or roughened
on both surfaces (except U. pumila), moderately to
slightly oblique at base, without insect galls; buds
somewhat spreading; fruit a Samara......ccsececceeceee Ulmus
Celtis occidentalis L. Hackberry, Sugarberry (L)
Java Farm. Moderately abundant in old fields and along roadsides,
especially those with oyster shell paving. Prefers calcareous soil.
Ivy Neck. One station at old house, between entrance road and
source of Scaffold Creek drainage. Hectare 4658. Higman 367, 370,
46350473 «483563354773:
Ulmus
1. Leaves smooth, simply serrate, very slightly oblique
at “base; “samaras-entirely glabrous dares. c tects oe oc os Uo pUMLLA
1. Leaves rough or harsh above, doubly serrate, definitely
oblique at base; samaras pubescent.
2. Leaves slightly folded at the midrib, very harsh
above, ciliate; buds and branchlets downy pubescent;
samaras pubescent only in the center.............-. U. rubra
2. Leaves flat, moderately scabrous above, glabrous;
buds and branchlets glabrous or sparingly pilose;
samaras pubescent only on the margins............-. U. americana
Ulmus pumila L.
(not in Britton & Brown) Dwarf Elm
Ivy Neck. One station: edge of bank above Rhode River, just
north of Sand Point. Hectare 4769. Associate species: Maclura
pomifera, Liquidambar styraciflua. Higman 1074.
U. rubra Muhl. Slippery Elm
Java Farm. Infrequent near northeast corner and in vicinity of
pier. Associate species: Fraxinus tomentosa, Ulmus americana,
Celtis occidentalis. Higman 347, 391, 619, 771.
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U. americana L. American Elm
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields north of main building area.
Associate species: Celtis occidentalis, Liquidambar styraciflua,
Quercus palustris. One station along shore of Muddy Creek estuary
east of Hog Island salt marsh. Associate species there: Robinia
pseudoacacia, Cornus florida, Liquidambar styraciflua, Prunus aviun,
Morus rubra.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in Quercus alba forest of central Scaffold
Peninsula, Higman 428.
MORACEAE
1. Leaves entire; branches with axillary spines; staminate
flowers in rounded racemes; mature syncarp (fleshy
aggregate fruit) 7 to 15 cm. in diameter, with a dry
Tesl'TA levers el alloleversns) sVevetel are efsie/ ate eile e)leie/atelsvere (ele) sieleieielereie oretolel ehepeneroa AC UIZA
1. Leaves coarsely serrate, often lobed; branches
spineless; staminate flowers in long aments; mature
syncarp 1 to 2 cm. thick.
2. Buds with 2 or 3 scales; syncarp globose, with
PLOLTUCAN EHF GUA ES ee srererave o/atatevereve' severe! oles si ela’'s ol eVevererele, es DEOUSSONeLELa
2. Buds with 3 to 6 scales; syncarp cylindric or
ellipsoid, juicy, the fruits not protruding........ Morus
Maclura
Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid. Osage Orange
Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant along coast of upper
Cheston Peninsula, both on the Cheston Creek and Rhode River sides.
Also in hedgerows and along drainage of Cheston Creek above the estuary.
Higman 869, 1010.
Broussonetia
Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. Paper Mulberry
Java Farm. One station: west fence of field at northeast corner
of Farm. Hectare 3600. Associate species: Liquidambar styraciflua,
Ulmus americana, Ulmus rubra. Higman 346, 1137.
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Morus
1. Leaves densely pubescent on veins and surface beneath.. M. rubra
1. Leaves pubescent only in axils of veins beneath........ M. alba
Morus rubra L. Red Mulberry
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent in understory of a variety
of mature hardwood canopies; seems to prefer low stream banks, poorly
drained woods, etc. Higman 425, 527, 770.
M. alba L. White Mulberry
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent, same habitat as Morus rubra
above. Higman 479.
URTICACEAE
Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. False Nettle
Java Farm. Infrequent along old entrance road near culvert of
Muddy Creek and along new entrance road near culvert of Fox Creek
drainage. Both sites densely shaded by adjacent forest. Associate
species: Lycopus virginicus, Cryptotaenia canadensis, Agrimonia
microcarpa, Elephantopus carolinianus. Higman 458, 978.
POLYGONACEAE
1. Outer sepals wide-spreading or reflexed, inner ones
(vaiives) @enlangedVinhiruidt. SF cevwiee-. 6 ive avelthele «ae SH RUMEX
1. All sepals equal, erect or ascending and petaloid.
2. Styles 2, deflexed and hooked, persistent on achene
as rigid beaks; flowers remote on terminal raceme,
GetVexedy Tm bx UAE i cio) orerclelleleellelcl o\eie: « “allah ei ells daloneitetevelelevele siete MEOMAIa!
2. Styles 2-3, not deflexed or hooked, deciduous;
flowers in dense raceme, not deflexed in fruit...... Polygonum
Rumex
1. Leaves hastate, with 2 spreading basal lobes; racemes
red or yellowish; flowers dioecious; plant spreading
by slender horizontal rootstocks.....sscsscccccvcccsees Re acetosella
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1. Leaves without basal lobes, entire or with crisped
or uneven margins; racemes greenish, brown in fruit;
flowers monoecious or perfect; vertical taproot.
2. Margins of leaves entire, not crisped or uneven.
(Also, margins of valves entire).
3. Salt marsh or sub-aquatic habitat; leaves
narrowly elliptic; fruiting pedicels clavate
and He LUSK re are ace etahe ele er erore catote: oreke tate cabo revehatadehe R. verticillatus
3. Terrestrial habitat; leaves oblong-lonceolate,
with cordate bases in one species; fruiting
pedicels slender, not reflexed. Expected
(R. altissimus).
2. Margins of leaves undulate or crisped.
4. Valves entire or obscurely dentate. (Also,
valves broadly ovate; leaves with crisped
OF NeCrumplled™ margin). 6. scc cece ccc cn ses sc sie eet Re. CEISpUuS
4, Valves with long teeth. (Also, habitat not saline;
margins of leaves slightly uneven).
5. Plant 2-7 dm. high; length of panicle more
than? 4/2: hetght#of* plants. 21.2 .seeecccsessces Re pulcher
5. Plant 6-15 dm. high; length of panicle less
than 1/2 height yofipllanth. ssiiccelsiewm eclgecln jee) Re Obtusttolaus
Rumex acetosella L. Red Sorrel
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant in
dry, open soil (abandoned fields, roadsides, etc.) Higman 590,
759, 1083.
R. verticillatus L. Water Dock
Java Farm. Moderately abundant in salt marshes along Muddy
Creek. Associated with Panicum virgatum, Scirpus spp.
Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in estuarine salt marshes and at
coastal overflow ponds on Cheston Peninsula. Higman 289, 945.
R. crispus L. Sour Dock
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in abandoned wheatfield. Also one station
in dry, sandy halophytic marsh on tip of Scaffold Peninsula. Higman
68875,,.852,,, 95, 97/5.
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R. pulcher L. Dock
Java Farm. One station: grassy patch at entrance gate. Hectare
2463. Associated with Cyperus strigosus, Perilla frutescens, Trifolium
spp. Higman 1084.
R. obtusifolius L. Bitter Dock
Java Farm. One station: on Fox Point Road just before turn eastward
to Fox Point; in front of old barn. Hectare 3543,
Ivy Neck. One station: abandoned road through forest on Scaffold
Peninsula. Canopy of Liquidambar styraciflua, Robinia pseudoacacia,
Nyssa sylvatica, Morus rubra. Higman 523, 976.
Tovara
Tovara virginiana (L.) Adans,.
(Polygonum virginianum L.) Virginia Knotweed
Java Farm. Infrequent; seems to prefer moist, partly shaded sites.
At entrance gate; along entrance road under canopy of Quercus alba,
Fagus grandifolia, Liquidambar styraciflua, etc.; on moist valley of
Muddy Creek under canopy of Fraxinus americana and Platanus occidentalis;
and at main buildings. Higman 38, 65, 354, 538.
Polygonum
1. Plant prostrate-spreading; flowers in axillary
FASCIcleS, ..ccrsecccesccccescevessessccvececsresevseees BP. aviculare
1. Plant erect; flowers in spiciform racemes or panicles,
or capitate.
2. Stem prickly; leaves sagittate or hastate.
3. Leaves sagittate; inflorescence capitate........ P. sagittatum
3. Leaves hastate, the basal lobes horizontally
spreading; inflorescence a short raceme or
PAmUCWe:. (oi. <\ fellate lokebofoie «teks Clekoks) ote lexeietereNalelieveustetelee wis oy Leen AtskOlenum
2. Stem smooth; leaves elliptic.
4, Ocreae (sheathing stipules) without marginal cilia.
By 319. take Sno)
ar wes soo
waaeet
Lito 3H oe SAG,
aM ote Ay: 2) vqiinre
pitta ee pause. 3
ee to: yd ie as ‘ et 2 by i a Oy wean ae : vtGR vaanrang tA
cy egy Sabeaind, 2.590) suitioe PRdwmeb iLL.) . «eee ino. sug 7
euiedett b were Faint eae ry iy 2G “oocks anmr taayO sbhult™ i
tea bes .e8 28 avavarh aeatbdddkl, apes Se oo
MJ vt
tiyee SVR ue
whist be tepals Peak) Shy eae deed eaveiel pt
te, oieoer acta » shirenssFolany, ignibssxqs
Me al gy Ate ae Tabara
96.
5. Leaves strigose; peduncles and axis with
Stalked gilandShvefstesi sic cile/c) else (ee elle) ele eles) scissile eel vo PENSylvanieum
5. Leaves glabrous to scabrous; peduncles and axis
glandless. (Also, ocreae short-strigose; base
Of plan CKEePANG) erste cie's eres ele ci a's w olersitain stele ev) NYA Lop peroldes
4. Ocreae with marginal cilia (lower ocreae may
have top torn off).
6. Plant annual, with fibrous roots.
7. Mature calyx glandular-punctate.
8. Calyx greenish; achene dull.
Expected (P. hydropiper).
8. Calyx white; achene lustrous........... P. punctatum
7. Mature calyx glandless.
9, Leaves ciliate on margins and lower
veins; spikes terminal, 3-5 mm. thick;
cilia of ocreae equal to or longer
than the sheath... wsccnesccseccsssecss Fs CeSpitosum,
var. longisetum
9. Leaves glabrous, or sparsely strigose
beneath; spikes in panicles, 7-11 mm.
thick; cilia of ocreae shorter than
the sheath. (Also, leaves often with
purple blotch above but this
character not, Consustent)cciiee siecle P. persicaria
6. Plant perennial, with subligneous forking
rootstocks.
10. Mature calyx glandular-punctate.......... P. punctatum
10. Mature calyx glandless.
11. Calyx pink; leaves glabrous to
scabrous; ocreae short-strigose...... P. hydropiperoides
ll. Calyx white; leaves strigose; ocreae
Stricose-hirsute... sss. seeceecescceee Fe Setaceum
See also Appendix I., p. 229: P. cristatum.
ae hpaEanibed panies
ei tS lahore: 0 ne
amet parodia sa ok aoucdals Pere:
). gasd :saogtyia-s10rle “Scaka0 ,oetA). eselbasig |
ci bisencacnesZerenaces senses e(giitgsays tasl¢, ="
went ‘Beet30" reat Brits lantgzen dsiw cae ee
fis . Qo mod qed ove so
-8io0% anode kw _ feunns aaatt a3 .
; Se duikbukiinn hua te xy iss oyuIAy A | ae
-{Iubh sfedoa ;dainsess ets "5 =, ‘ za
»(tegkgotbyd .1) bssooqxe —=
UNE! 2 er) puotiaut snstion isiinw xyied .6
geslbosis xvise s7uteM—.<
|
= rea s
J.
” d »: = = =
saiol bne enigrtad so stailio' asvsed .e
“s ) ) fhekde .eme-E , feoteres ectlge (eatev
yegnol'to o2 Isups sasia0 Jo elite
..3seds odd Hadt
«3 See euvereceay tas eee
.15y
=
ed0girte yieemmqe 10 ,auotdsls aevesd é¥
Ei-< .asloinsa mi esiiqa ;dtnansd aioe
sed} x93t0de anotac Yo atlta pasta ;
ddiw oegta eovesl ,onfA) § .Moeede ag i =
aida tud svods rotold siqzugq
See ae .+ee(3nstaianes ton 193587819 — —
gnivxzot euosngtidve dtiw ,{elnasieq jnslt .a Sy
: . 84509425607
es a | Stray ees ssdetonuq-relobnels wyles etuaeM s0L
enathaaia xyiss nus) a ,O£
en =, 9a ectndats advacl ytokq xvfed«, 20" :
aS... .se0gtisa-29ode sesiczo pavordson je
_. Baetso jaaoghade esveol pean xiao" I :
aot I ae a a ete _ rom
@ a i
: —
Di.
Polygonum aviculare L. Smartweed
Ivy Neck. One station: unpaved road to abandoned wheatfield.
Hectare 4740. Associated with Diodia teres, Lespedeza stipulacea,
Polygonum pensylvanicum, Cyperus strigosus. Higman 1059.
P. sagittatum L. Smartweed
Java Farm. Two stations: freshwater part of Fox Creek marsh
(associated with Aster puniceus, Lycopus virginicus, Leersia oryzoides,
Solidago graminifolia, Impatiens capensis), and in marshy western end
of Phalaris arundinacea meadow north of main buildings (associated with
Polygonum punctatum, P. pensylvanicum, Scirpus rubricosus). Higman 152.
P. arifolium L. Smartweed
Java Farm. One station: low bank of Muddy Creek, adjacent to
west end of meadow above. Hectare 2467. Canopy of Platanus occidentalis,
Fagus grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera. Understory of Lindera
benzoin, Cornus florida. Higman 1055.
P. pensylvanicum L. Smartweed
Java Farm. One station: large clump at marshy western end of
Phalaris arundinacea meadow north of main buildings. Hectare 2467.
Associates: see P. sagittatum above.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in open fields, unpaved roads. Associated
with Strophostyles umbellata, Desmodium perplexum, Lespedeza stipulacea,
Oenothera biennis. Higman 151, 1023, 1123, 1124.
P. hydropiperoides Michx.,
forma leucochranthum A. H. Moore
(form not in Britton and Brown) Smartweed
Java Farm. One station: border of salt marsh at upstream end of
tidal portion of Muddy Creek. Hectare 3403. Associated with Mikania
scandens, Pluchea camphorata, Lobelia cardinalis, Hibiscus palustris,
Typha latifolia. Higman 80.
P. punctatum Ell. Smartweed
Java Farm. Infrequent in fresh and brackish marshes. Stations
in Hog Island salt marsh, muddy shore of tidal portion of Muddy Creek,
in Fox Point salt marsh, and at marshy west end of Phalaris arundinacea
meadow north of main buildings.
Associates in freshwater marsh: see P. sagittatum above.
Associates in salt marshes: Aster puniceus, Atriplex patula,
Scirpus americanus, Distichlis spicata, Kosteletzkya virginica.
Higman 58, 153, 449, 990, 1245.
banobasds. or. iad Bevicicte tnoktaq2. an Hae
g39 apres Stioke daiv bazaroonns 4
aparg tt - pamontaze, satel . otngyl)
_ baowsta08.
‘eta ‘sheet en Yo diay. satevileort renobiade owt’ "ance haat ea
ad Ab quot OLAtsy gEgooysd ~<apsoinug xotes xeized dutw ei r
i. ase geen mi bas ", Latatiegs> snaijsqul “stlotinimess
_bptviacees) egnibliod aksm io dyson wobsem ee eizete
pa. feueookscus guguto® ,musie sevivensq «3. eugeioaea a
ae boswaramtt oe
a i
ea! gnacetive wiserD ‘ybbutt to adasd wol cwotte2e a0, vist svete) se
ar Ie: Z io yqocn {8a erieisel ssvede wobrmem to bee pe
: , . Siebatt ta yaote rebel ersiighivs goxbasbot sil nptloXtbass 2
: ccUL aemg ili BULTIC ay gneted tho
boawa sae. ad nusbnov tives 4 .
scobicia on0 .nasT SYBES:
4 =e shoo Wisteow vdesem 2a qmuto eonel at
a rey sveiosh .tankbined otem to dito wobeom s9osat bouts ee
syods mutsiiigee . cn san ie@26tD ;
iy) 7
Sn
phiett aeqo al jasuparinl dost evil
begebooaeA «sheer bevegau
qvbigelugite ssoboqaad ume lgse4 f aut bomast. Bisll oem Uy Badx seorqorse Ate
Deir ,fSi1 ,£802% ict nemgit ~alanald siedseaihy
, .xeork sabLorsciaon bed «h
i i
a a gi90M -H .A nus tapadoosuet ourrok. Be
a ' boaw si Amd (awovd bos godaive of ton mio2) ~ a
oe Any Wasssequ +e sare Iiee to yabaod inobyets sat erat ave’,
6 Bhaslit Haiw besetooesA FOat staiaeH .Jesr2 ybbuM to roks2oq {abkq |
eitinules gunetddh atin. pbs sn> siisdol ,ejazodemes gegould ,eaS50
08 peng -ehloitsal ae
~44it muaagOaea
« Rarlecent dazdanad bot teaxt ot Josuportel,’ tet pap
) oll te notinoq. beta! to. ogo ebbum Tintaianidl ond
“egatblied
arenes
98.
P. punctatum, var.
Leptostachyum (Meisn.) Small
(variety not in Britton and Brown) Smartweed
Java Farm. One station: large abandoned field south of entrance
road and east of road to springhouse. Solidago graminifolia, Rubus spp.
Rhus radicans, and Lonicera japonica dominant. Higman 132.
P. cespitosum Blume, var.
longisetum (deBruyn) Stewart Smartweed
Java Farm. Three stations: along entrance road between gate and
Muddy Creek (canopy of Quercus alba, Fagus grandifolia, Liquidambar
styraciflua, etc.; associate species Desmodium spp., Agrimonia microcarpa,
Elephantopus caroliniana, Tovara virginiana); two stations along Fox
Creek ditch (canopy of Juglans nigra, Liquidambar styraciflua; associate
species Perilla frutescens, Duchesnea indica, Eupatorium serotinun,
Geum canadense).
Also observed along stream at northeast border of farm. Higman
35 223 Lae O2 2
Polygonum persicaria L. Smartweed
Ivy Neck. One station: near small barn on south bank of artificial
pond, Cheston Peninsula. Hectare 4723. Dry, umshaded. Associate
species: Potentilla norvegica, Ipomoea hederacea, Abutilon theophrasti,
Eleusine indica. Higman 1002.
P. setaceum Baldw.
(P. hydropiperoides, var. setaceum (Baldw.) Gl.) Smartweed
Java Farm. One station: north boundary fence, adjacent neighbor's
cornfield. Associate species: Ambrosia trifida, Clematis virginiana,
Amaranthus hybridus. Higman 1243.
CHENOPODIACEAE
1. Leaves alternate, or the lower opposite in Atriplex,
flat, neither reduced to scales nor spine-tipped.
(Also, plants erect; stems and branches green
with white longitudinal stripes; flowers in small,
spicate clusters).
2. Terrestrial habitat; flowers perfect; calyx
5-parted. (Also, leaves narrowly to broadly
lanceolate, entire to dentate).......e..eeeecceeee» Chenopodium
2. Salt marsh habitat; flowers unisexual, monoecious or
dioecious; calyx absent in pistillate flowers, these
enclosed by two appressed bracts. (Also, in species
collected, leaves hastate; spikes reddish)......... Atriplex
: -davoe bielt saribomadi eerer” anoles’ 980). ‘avak
imgxa Onsbt le? .<.deiorlgmttae oF bao 30 Fass
4S BV og santa §
txswoIe _(aqodieb)
he RON grole anotiaia ows ase erate caasl zen pre 19 madae
Pidteksoses ‘aut| Lome, tadmsbtupt!t ,ergtn gosigul to ygousa) dosh
nee be Eyoiequa ,sotbhat eoqeodoud ,enosussuxt & ifs at agto
esl
ies
utping. LH nee io wobted Jensi2s00 26 mistia yeols bavysads os fA ~)
a ie 3 pee hie ESSE
ps)
Baawt +2002 aul sixesterag Bie 7
“fstorttos Molanad dsuoe do oxsd Slame sus implies sn0 toot yi
| StalooanA sbebstinas «yd ,CL(+ ervesosll ~ atuenioed mojaand baoy
Pans wolkists \wwarebet noowogl ,esinevion sil tiasso4F perce
"S00L- mamytl Botbar sateys.
a ><
«whied my susoeioe 4
baewsy7 ane (1d Cuwbt ef) gpese3se. «IBV . zablowsgiaorbyd
se
# pEenMaten 2henatbs ,souet ytabriwod diron :moltteje se0 .orxel aval
- <Bablalgaty sligwal> ,abtitx) steotdmA <:astosqe Siseiooesa blabiexoo
Po. .CASE nemgth vevblydya el
FATIALMOVORSND a oes -
— Ate dh
MaiolijA mh astuoqqo iswol 93 ae yosmasod ls torn E
.baqgij-ontgs ton eslese oF beavber wediisa joey
megzg esdoaatd bas amste 3581s efoatg ,oaLA) ie
~tiame al erswoli issqizte tantbud taco! ettdw dake ‘él
: + (uteawurts eit a .
iy Ae are8
_ geties, Gaostieg eiowol? :an2bdad ‘falbed 179)
gibeord 03 ylwomrsn esvesl joelA) ) \Betuaqet
Dyke raten ¢ys «bbb s vss Contents de ae
99,
1. Leaves opposite and reduced to scales, or alternate
and spine-tipped. Expected (Salicornia, Salsola).
Chenopodium
1. Leaves and inflorescence glandular,
aromatic. Expected (C. ambrosioides, C. botrys).
1. Leaves and inflorescence not glandular but often
farinose (covered with mealy substance in dry
specimens).
2. Principal leaves deltoid or rhomic to broadly
ovate, their margins serrate or sinuate. (Also,
seeds all horizontal if collected in late autumn).
3. Leaves with lustrous upper surface, coarsely
serrate margin, and long petiole, usually not
farinose; inflorescence short, spreading,
branched. Expected (C. murale).
3, Leaves with dull or glaucous upper surface,
sinuate-dentate margin, tapering to short
petiole, slightly to densely farinose;
inflorescence of dense clusters, these
forming long, short-branching, continuous
or interrupted spikes. (Spikes may be shorter
than leaves in C. rubrum).
4. Terrestrial habitat.
5. Leaves glaucous above, densely farinose
beneath; young stem greenish; fresh calyx-
lobes barely keeled. (Also, leaves and
inflorescence often red in late autumn;
leaves subtending the individual spikes
narrowly linear, unlike the serrate cauline
ILCEKTAS) ASRS GN Se Dada Ohtioddo6006d0nodo0.c00) Go ullown
5. Leaves dark green or yellowish, slightly
farinose beneath; young stem red or purple;
fresh calyx-lobes strongly keeled. Expected
(C. paganum).
oe je essen a oaacaayotine baa §
eget Be) gektols: gocdnte ‘wD baiogqad woke 31
Se ee : gosto sid xalubaels ton sonegusxotiad bose eovadt
lt ni il ae aoresedue \ vieais aw heave) aacnkaat ;
. ina — coma
vibscrd of Simons to biotish env let | Fanteaereae
yoalA) .stsunte 20 sjariae anhaven thads jsisve.
toswtun ets! ar fhetoslties +2 fsamoaxs mod Dis -ehage
~~ ¥ledyHod ,s5eTIve TaqTgV suortant dake soya ah
“a Joo Yifavisu., sfolso4 pol bas | ,abgzem SIs2798
i gat baaige , 71008 ggnaneatorant psnont at
» (aise 3) betoegx had sass =,
by
7 7 Soetvus T9qqu BNOOve+—% +o Livb date eevest «€
azole oF garitoqe? jkginm Statnebstavatar’
7 seaonkte? vlornol oF yi tigite ,sketsegq ‘io aa
. eeed2 ,eisgeuls aeneb > aonsoestot Sat hy mid
gvouns 09 gaidonerd=2 tons geol gaterek (neo re
ssi2ode od van eedtq?) eestiqe betqurvesat 10 Rr
{muadea «2 ot asveat ment:
"
ntidald Ieiyaeossa® +?
a Sa0nius? ‘{
euylas desxt ;deinesig s5% sauoy saisened a
bes evsveol ,oelh, Eefosk ylored asdol sue
vite siel nt bax "ast etpsosetol tar
senkqs Ispbivtbnt at gntbasidue esveast
eatirtes eisitse os siitfnu ,reeclLl yiwerzed .
byes (apveed ; “F
Bidie -y Port wie sebeaen aves sows ae ew ees
4 =
ia
S
eittigiie tekwolley to 19974 drab aovesd «& © - Gee
skiqueq 26 dst mote QnUOY sdissasd seonkwed tte =a
besasqx4 .bsiaedt vignorse asdol~xelsa, Mearhiey > iii
_- + (auasses ,
twa? wisensh .avoda evosuelg’ seven & is
100.
4. Salt marsh habitat. (Also leaves and
inflorescence red at maturity. Seeds often
VET CAC all) yoie) ailsiere) ei ¢/ ehe/ielcfiar/alele ol eiwleielisi sieve oveielsrslecoforeleien Cu UD CUM
2. Principal leaves lanceolate, elliptic,
narrowly ovate or oblong, the margins
usually entire (often sinuate in C. glaucum). Ex-
pected (C. glaucum, ;C. leptophyllum, C. lanceolatum).
Chenopodium album L. Lamb's quarters
Java Farm. One station: entrance road near read to springhouse.
Hectare 3408. Dry, unshaded site.
Ivy Neck. One station: abandoned wheatfield. Hectare 4772.
Higman 982, 1121.
C. rubrum L. Goosefoot
Java Farm. Probably in salt marsh near Fox Point Peninsula.
(Collected by H. David Hammond).
Atriplex
Atriplex patula L., var.
hastata (L.) Gray Spearscale
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in salt marshes.
Associate species: Polygonum punctatum, Distichlis spicata, Scirpus
robustus, Kosteletzkya virginica, Rumex verticillatus, Pluchea
camphorata, etc. Higman 60, 276, 282, 450.
AMARANTHACEAE
1. Leaves alternate, anthers 2-locular. (Also,
flowers unisexual; filaments separate).
2. Salt marsh habitat; flowers dioecious; leaves
lance-linear; spikes remotely flowered in loose,
spreading, panticey siiversieiecleiehegersiepecckenedelsl slohevenenaeielereieier se ACO LG al
2. Terrestrial habitat; flowers monoecious; leaves
lance-ovate; spikes densely flowered in compact,
EFECE PANTeiller. cicieleis sislerlereiolsielelsieielslelsielelererelecieteriele Amaranthus
1. Leaves opposite; anthers l-locular. Expected
(Iresine).
‘aqui ‘ytvibbse one aunt Pu
enigzea sit ,gaolde 70 stevo vivortan
a nd Ait Sa330) feels —
spouts OF baer 890 haot 9onst3ne snolisse an0
othe. bebadenu see
RETA szagvall” |idettisodw benobands fsoliste a0 Aden” wt,
; {SEE SOY nigh
i |. sobRea090 a meme Pee |
Bie usbosetne! intel xc% xen dasem tise ck yfisdoxt wisi svat |
ms ; . Conasineh brved Vo wd baraaklod)
—
metgtz3®
a | TRY jy ad eluisn wal 4 =e
ee | piessissd? aid (1) gieigen ie = a
Oe . wbedeten tine a2 taxbouds ylsstsreboM .xo9% yy! bay wrest aval ree
aa Apgsioe , fqe gifrokietd ,swtsyoaug mnogylc? sasloaqa erskooaeA
i! «evan Lhokarsy “om eotntarts vy grisisisieod ,syjeudex |
i. a Ded , CAS ,ats ,08 nemgiff 939 3 ,SisTodgmen
_ HAMOAHTMARAMS ce
«oe DA) safuool<S$ srsiias ,stenrxvedis sovenl-<f
-(sisteqse siaoaeli® ;isyvxeatew asewold ay
asyasl ;evotosoib wexswolt pjaitdan dese afe2 3
,seool at bsxewel? ylesoowy aad tos : tesatt~sonel
ay Bblnod Peres Mek uadiaaense ces esse 00 emnoEm garheesie:
aevae! jayntsoorom etswoli ;Jasided ipiytess1st “s
<Jasqwoo nt baxewoll yloansb sadtige ¢ .
aT .
101.
Acnida
Acnida cannabina L. Water Hemp
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent in salt marshes, seems to
prefer drier parts of marsh, also sandbars or low hummocks. Associate
species: Distichlis spicata, Spartina patens, Panicum virgatum,
Baccharis halimifolia, Gerardia maritima, Juniperus virginiana. Higman
My Siz /ake
Amaranthus
1. Spines absent from axils of leaves; utricle
circumscissle, the top falling off as a lid.
2. Plant slender; blades of principal leaves .5
to 7 cm. long; flowers in small axillary
clusters; stamens 2 or 3. Expected (A. albus)...
2. Plant stout; blades of principal leaves 5 to
30 cm. long; flowers monoecious in terminal and
axillary simple or panicled spikes; stamens 5.
3. Calyx of pistillate flowers about 3 mm. long,
the bracts 2 to 3 times this length.
Expected (A. retroflexus).
3. Calyx of pistillate flowers 1.5 to 2 mm.
long, the bracts slightly longer to twice
as long.
4, Lateral spikes of terminal panicle divergent;
bracts red or purple; utricle longer than
calyx. Expected (A. cruentus).
4, Lateral spikes of terminal panicle ascending
to erect; bracts green to red-tinged;
utricle shorter than to equalling the
Cally Xccjelolle sw e\le] evelislinielieje eisiele elec elssl eee ainie'o) cjleveisieielels Pata MyiDIStGUS
1. Spines paired in axils of leaves; utricle bursting
Peres Ar My cic) cies) veils) elele\ eis! ele avers ois e) oleie-s) «she elles aioe eee eels) sie) Ae) SPANOSUS
92 as $ia8 ak denpnasiats«: look gv bas ne, ares
sehaommt aol: xo. ursdbnse sels jdexam to a31sq Teby oe
ipa +f ‘qetsing saltiness? -BI89iga 8 Hoiverd. 4 ai
tauspabnul ghee gibastao (BE lot
audinstsmA
bx moxz Suseds dental
alataau yesverlt
got od3 oleetsemuaxto
hry
a
«bEL & 25 to voatile
ee a
ae , ' ,
i 7 @) asvael [sqkoatay to eabsld yrsbasle trald
bet feaktins Fisme mi avowold gaol .m> VY 03
io» sCapdia 4) betoogxa .€ xo & anomete ,arotaulo
Mi ; - e Ae ees: —s pe
i: of @ advesl Inqtenttq to esbeld ysz0se tngid .S)
me bas featers3 ol evotoecnom arewolt :3aol mo OF ie
Sa 2 agemate ,eedtqe befotnsq zo efumta yisllixe
a} : * ; ; Et a
anol .m £ avoda exewnlt sislissetq 20 wyiso Ef)
ddansi wits eemts € of & etna ons . te
a (aoxei3o3357 +A) bossaqxa :
B a _ } goad).
a mot od ¢.k exeweli sinlitizat, Jo xyvicd-.t aie
ee sohbet of ragont Vitngile esoaad oda ~pRol a ny
= .arol as
i sgnwersyibh slolasq Lantos to- asdice Inrsied »s ~~ 5
; moa3 yagnol sis s3u sake to bax atonxd ae
5 .(ayingsutg .A) basosqxd .aytao ee
gaionasas sfstane ientorys3. to asdAiqe Isreted «+ a
-bognit—-ber oF ABStR 89987 jtosis of
oitt entifaups of sends 19Jiorla sates 43
gatieiud oloisiu ;esvsesi 30 alixe ak song sane
ss wh Wate bed Wis et hn 0 sin a) whe on nae sts «9 Om RR STR
, Ro bas: the aoeialal
: aR oe
102.
Amaranthus hybridus L. Prince's Feather,
Amaranth
Java Farm. One station: north boundary fence, adjacent to
neighbor's cornfield. Associate species: Clematis virginiana,
Ambrosia trifida.
Ivy Neck. One station: rubbish pile between old house and
tobacco barn, near road. Hectare 4658. Associate species: Juncus
tenuis, Barbarea vulgaris, etc. Higman 1037, 1117.
A. spinosus L. Thorny Amaranth
Java Farm. One station: rubbish pile near old house, at main
buildings. Hectare 2580. Associate species: Solanum nigrum, Eleusine
indica, Datura stramonium, Juncus tenuis, Melilotus alba. Higman 500.
PHYTOLACCACEAE
Phytolacca americana L. Pokeweed,
Pokeberry
Java Farm. Infrequent around main buildings and in abandoned fields.
Ivy Neck. Apparently an initial dominant in abandoned fields on
Scaffold Peninsula. Moderately abundant in stands of young Liquidambar
styraciflua and Acer rubrum. Infrequent in hardwood forests of Scaffold
and Cheston Peninsulas, under canopy of Liquidambar styraciflua, Juglans nigra,
Robinia pseudoacacia, Nyssa sylvatica, etc. Higman 3.
AIZOACEAE
Mollugo verticillata L. Carpet-weed
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in cornfields. Associate species: Ipomoea
hederacea, Barbarea verna, Draba verna, Lepidium virginicum, etc.
Higman 958, 1062.
PORTULACACEAE
Claytonia virginica L. Spring Beauty
Java Farm. Moderately abundant in mature forest in vicinity of old
entrance road and gate. Canopy of Acer rubrum, Quercus alba, Liquidambar
styraciflua, etc. Associate species: Sanguinaria canadensis, Dentaria
laciniata, Desmodium spp. Higman 562.
‘dassiitbs Comat bins es isokiesa anO
; sijemel) padloege mistoowed abES
Aue SIS gosvtnd of3a detaios sastsaze 2h oul
pes@ekaage sistoounA §.8fd) sisisali .bs01 Yead ath
Aff ,SEOL sooth 539, strsgluy sewedrad
AaneakiA yarorT ; a, the ee J aueont eA
i ~ a ae + 7 4
ape se \eavon blo resem Sfid delddut snoltste ond 587 ‘aval!
de mutteios <sastosys sistooasA .08¢S o1s309H .egmrely
aug! medle eusotifay ,elones susqut .minomsi3e pried yep
FARDAQVASOT YU
boswoxnd 1 ansokyams ss5stosysa
V27edado° 4
)
peeter? bandhacds of-tos Seabbrtvd atee bovore jasups sin al ae Bvsl.
Bo ebiel? benebieds wi inmenimob fetdiat ns ylinsreggA ,doaVi evi s..
cs wereoas gawoy lo ebnata uw! seshouds yletsiabo! .sfusoinet. blottesm
Oranee to eteaxvcl hiowbie¢ «i tusupsrial..moxdut xyood baa satthos os
pias sora. peel Pimuty sa. tadasbiuols lo yqomes reba 1 , eslventass fotasdd bas
7 Evnemgtit ,225 ,sobdavivs seay! ,stosceobusagq piatdod” ;
i
TANDAOSIA ne!
o ; +30
beov-Jaqs69 gisiftolsiey Opt Fam
Baomeg! yesioeqe pisioose’ .ebletinios st Jmduperini daa yvt
smde .mirsiniasiy muthtge!t ,svisay sdaxd eae a)
OL ,8ce
SATIADATIUTIOI
ey ; 32h So gene eae
1/03,
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
1. Sepals distinct; petals, if present, without basal
claws.
2. Leaves with scarious stipules. Expected (Spergularia).
2. Leaves without stipules.
3. Petals not apically notched or deeply 2-cleft.
(Petals may be absent in Sagina). Expected
(Sagina, Arenaria, Holosteum).
3. Petals apically notched or 2-cleft.
4, Styles 3; capsule ovoid or ellipsoid;
Flowers! Sola tary, (OG IMUCyMES cnxereaheienshcl vicious cies oEelalaria
4. Styles 5; capsule cylindric; flowers not
in umbels but may be clustered............... Cerastium
1. Sepals united into a tube; petals, if present, with
basal claws.
5. Petals absent. (Also, calyx a hard cup; flowers
green, sessile in upper axils). Expected (Scleranthus).
5. Petals present.
6. Petals red-violet; calyx with scarious or leafy
basal DraGt Sis custepeyece slecevsioheteveverenene bickenote sehen memes a Dianthus
6, Petals white or pinkish; calyx without
basal bracts.
7. Styles 5; capsule opening by 5 or 10 teeth... Lychnis
7. Styles 2 or 3; capsule with 3, 4, or 6 valves.
8. Calyx 10-nerved; styles 3; capsule 3- or
G=vailayiedieretete aiereretele erence eters
coer scresescnces SLLENE
8. Calyx obscurely nerved and cylindric or
5-nerved and ovoid; styles 2; capsule
4—-valved. Expected (Saponaria).
{
ee 3 lan pore teem
solugnae, wwodtiv aovnad, Sa"
‘ii stetaes yigqash to badoton gi is soba 408 feet ef | be
hejosqxa . (anigse At jaseds sd yer afea5%)
~ «Aig T29: cH ,atyep gpetA . Bi ey" ) 3
wyzals-S to barisjon yiteoiqs elated ok
; - *binegiils 1° dove giweqes, 4c. RRIZIS
me, piwehisi2 cou wketereevacveeenays QI 30 ~atklos axyewolt 4
:
=
Jou easwolt -opehaties afueqso 3 sslvae 48 :
uis sft veo Jud aisdmu a4
=> +onle
Sottiu. aiaqed ip ae
.awein Lssed
doio ,ineearq Li ,efsseq 4904" ® DIKE
visas é LA} , 27eeCs alsis9 ey «us We
saawolt {quo DIAN ft ;
.(angsnsielo2) ba tosaxe (alixe weqqu At aligase ,nbets ae 2
ce =
ca .asBe4G ale3gS, «acs
yer winet to ecolisoe 3a KYs6° -3Sloly-be1, 2ie397 0. > Jae
ease theeenp SJ2BI0, tBBES bey
MOASOEEG «+ eeees es tencre’
7
he . suntv Zs atinte 10 sity elazeT 3 .
.etjoayd. Ieead =
ebptioyt sagas? OL x0 & yd gaineqo sivas? sc ugivse .%
; i
seaviay @ x0 ,¢ ,Ef adtv sieagse ‘E ya S$ asiyge os 220
- ie
sslets pbayrea~0l xvind |
.baviay-a
go = sivaqs> ;:¢
MOMREEE ac yspeyeed=srrecrerarrerrne?
zo stibutiys boe bevrse yiotoedo, xylad »B
siveqe> jf esivie ibkovo bre bevisare.
. (arrenored) beset -baviayd hierar
104.
Stellaria media (L) Cyrillo Chickweed,
Starwort
Java Farm. Infrequent to abundant along roadsides and in sparsely
shaded old fields. Principal station near junction of old entrance
road and base line. Canopy of Platanus occidentalis and Fraxinus
americana. Associate species: Ranunculus sceleratus, Duchesnea
indica, Lonicera japonica.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in cornfields and abandoned grassy field.
Higman 550, 753.
Cerastium
1. Plants perennial, with long, matted, creeping basal
branches. (Also, bracts of inflorescence scarious-
margined or the lowest ones herbaceous).
2. Basal leafy branches herbaceous, without axillary
tufts, their eaves hirsute... cesses ceseecsceees Ge VUlpatum
2. Basal leafy branches becoming dry and withering
but persistent, with conspicuous axillary tufts,
their leaves not hirsute. Expected (C. arvense
var. villosum).
1. Plants annual or winter-annual, without creeping
basal branches.
3. Leaves narrowly oblong to oblanceolate; capsules
2-3 times as long as sepals; sepals oblong, euls
or acute. Expected (C. nutans).
3. Leaves broadly elliptic to ovate or obovate;
capsules 1-2 times as long as sepals; sepals
lance-attenuate.
4. Bracts of inflorescence scarious-margined.
Expected (C. semidecandrum).
4, Bracts of inflorescence herbaceous. (Also,
Sepals’ scarious—margined) is... sce secees ss ee scone) Gu viScoOsum
Cerastium vulgatum L. Mouse-ear Chickweed
Ivy Neck. Abundant in fallow cornfields. Associate species:
Cerastium viscosum, Stellaria media, Draba verna, Barbarea vulgaris,
etc. Also one station on dike through salt marsh at head of Cheston
Creek estuary. Higman 868.
gabtebsox gnule Iusbauds oF YrneupetTiel ree
‘mokionv, tsen solsate Ieqkoatsd .-ablezt blo
Bileinsbiode suneteld to yqoas) (Okt saad. bas
) auseielooe euluaquish seaiosqa statooeeA «BBB:
. a vpotnogst sractwad 2d.
DP ABietW yaewra banobasde bas ableitozoo, at jnsupsxial dos ot se
ae ee leah G2) 082 mae
pe 7
}
mut jesvay .
Taead griqvet> ,beisam <aaot daiw ,intanexsq einsld,
~agortisoe sousosetoliat to sipsid ,celA) estore rd:
_(auesoedzed aso daswol sda 19 besig yeni
gisilies spoditw ,guososdied esdonsid yviaot Ssosk +S.
EY Lis ne cae g ghe dda ne SeveLen savesl. stedi .et3ua
ygatxeditw ore vib gotmoasd asioaetd ytsel fsesh «&
,ettns vrolilazs guouakgedos erw -dostateyeq avd
waneayis ,2) betosqzd .etuetid Jon esvssl trod.
= -Couaolity +26V
gitqest. avoiiiw ,iaunce-te3ntw so Invann ataald ae
£ estsoerd Leaad —
@etuheqss :23eloesnsido C4 etoldo yilworssy sevesd
snutd ,gnoido alaqer ;sieqar 88 gnol 2s Besta t~S
(eneJun .o) betosqxa ~stys FO
petavodo to 23a oo siaqtils yibsomd eevseed
eleque ialeges es gaol ss semis S-I asiueqes
.oininetis-oonel
Nontyrem-eu0trese eoneoes sot int 20 asoase of
. (mortbagoebiimed «D2 batoogua
,oRtA) ,suoscsduen ssnsoessolink do Bdosta
UE ee cima)
\ Sear + ; re 2 ; : 7? |
fh «Able kxax09 wos? ab aesboudh ais
wit tng oe
OD5;.
Cc. viscosum L. Mouse-ear Chickweed
Java Farm. Infrequent in grassy old fields between south side
of main building area and old entrance road. Associate species:
Poa pratensis, Cirsium vulgare, Asclepias syriaca.
Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in fallow cornfields. Associated
with C. vulgatum above. Higman 636.
Dianthus
Dianthus armeria L. Deptford Pink
Java Farm. Infrequent along unshaded portions of Fox Point Road
and new entrance road, and in old field south of Fox Creek marsh.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent along tractor trails and in abandoned
grassy field. Higman 23, 722.
Lychnis
Lychnis alba Mill. White Campion
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant in grassy old
fields south of main building area. Associate species: Cerastium
viscosum above. Higman 8, 662.
Silene
1. Calyx glabrous or virtually so.
2. Stem not sticky; calyx somewhat inflated, its
nerves not prominent.
3. Leaves in whorls of 4; petals fringed........... S. stellata
3. Leaves opposites petals 2-lobed. Expected
(S. cucubalus, §. nivea).
2. Stem with sticky areas; calyx tight around the capsule,
its 5 to 10 straight nerves prominent. (Also,
flowers in loose panicles, with long pedicels;
petals inconspicuous or wanting).........0-e.0++.-++s So. antirrhina
1. Calyx pilose. (Also, plants annual, without
persistent bases; calyx prominently 5- to 10-
nerved; inflorescence an open cymose panicle)......... S. noctoflora
Silene stellata (L.) Ait. Starry Campion
Java Farm. One station: large mound on bottom of Muddy Creek
valley, between old entrance road and Muddy Creek. Hectare 2497,
Canopy of Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Fagus grandifolia, Carya
glabra. HIgman 1041.
Lalas ‘ato years nt jasupark it
BA bor wire blo bas B9%s 53
canaghie euteat) |
te so vote? tt Saebacds ydeaaaabalt sala git ;
OES serene haere caarrud
gurl td
id atieese
aeaana, cami: *
Batot xol 20 eacli10q babsrenu gaols tnsypazial axed svst-
sterem §gexD xo% Yo dsyoe biokt blo ot bas ,bsor sonszias wan bas
i.” san ponobernds 6? ‘base eltsxd yotos13 goole tnoupstinI~ .alasi ov 8
) ae ~SS¥ tS anmgth /bDS22 yea tg
is | Bak
‘ie . atoioyd hy ee
ik ieee si idw [0M edie eladoye )
"if yeEsty ft Jasbadda yieisrehom 03 jasups tial trisY avel .. ‘i
mubiesia) :askosdqes S4atooues .oese guibfiuil ntem to s3108 ebhert
: ieeth ‘830 ,8 neogit .svode guaqnaty
na ee
| ans lid a
\
| ,oe yileussiv 10 avordsly eyled GE
" P Put
ae a3t ,botelic! sedwamee xylan; plaize Jom maze +e
a ingarmatg 3208 sevies
< Bepiieds 12 ..-+..+-+--bogents? alsjoq 34 to altciw ak aaveod Gt mae
en betosqxd .bodol-S slaisq yedieoqqo sevasd Pt a g
.(asvia +2 ~auiedvous. +8)
,siueqss 212 bavors tight xyls2 788975 ywiorze diiwmes? .S
vortA) .Inealmorg esvien Itgtetse OL-et & Best
-afenkhsq geol ditw ,aeiokasq seool af arewol?
sels 10 euqustqedenitt aleitod.
caeeiae —
s “eB Ph omit daily cetca te
_
tuoditw ,leunns fate errs:
-8f oa -2 ' ylgasnimerq xyiso* ¢a9
AB essences AS iodaag seomys sqe A anaes yo
-
: fr. oh ae
106.
S. antirrhina L. Catchfly
Ivy Neck. One station: southern part of grassy abandoned field
on Scaffold Peninsula. Hectare 4772. Higman 693.
S. noctoflora L. Catchfly, Campion
Java Farm. One station on Fox Point Road. Higman 803.
NYMPHACEAE
Brasenia schreberi Gmel. Water-shield
Java Farm. One station on shore of tidal portion of Muddy Creek,
near mouth of small tributary below springhouse. Hectare 3437.
Growing on soft mud. Associate species: Panicum virgatum, Pluchea
camphorata, Polygonum punctatum. Higman 998.
RANUNCULACEAE
1. Pistils forming follicles (pods opening down one
side) or berries. Expected (Caltha, Coptis, Aquil-
egia, Delphinium, Aconitum, Cimicifuga, Actaea).
1. Pistils forming achenes or utricles borne in heads
or dense spikes.
2. Plant a vine; leaves opposite; sepals 4, petaloid
(petals absent); styles long and plumose.......... Clematis
2. Plant erect; leaves alternate or radical, the
upper sometimes opposite or whorled; sepals 3 to 20.
3. Petals 5, yellow; sepals 5........ceeeeeecceeee- Ranunculus
3. Petals absent or represented by modified
stamens; sepals 3 to 20.
4. Leaves all alternate; flowers in racemes,
panicles, or corymbs. (Also, leaves 2- to
3-ternately compound; flowers dioecious).... Thalictrum
SAAD a
is Laodowise Bisseasil
* Eee a 7 is
46. srotle oo soltede 9n0,-.mis? Byeu URS
: ee 5 gbbut! jo notdz0q tabi :
REDE atatiel .seuudgatiqe woled yraiydtxa tisme X¢\dayom, ARR
‘bum 3268 ob gxkwooe!
a podoult «ssazey. igo bes |; eotasqe gipkacesé i
} 302 cameth, .muzsioaug oumdaviot <sZexedgmess i
7
TAROAFUIUUMAS = <5
i : aco. mooh gakmed #bog) eslotlied gabmro: al ttett «i
‘re +ik «atigo> aiaisd) besosqxs _apelrred zo (bs
.(eset0A ,seuridimto eausimooh wuigtdaled”. gigs”
| ébeed at sareod eafotriy TO sonoiss gatirrct elliet4 Ps a
’ sexcige sensb' 20 we
& sre ll fs. od 2 ae *
hroksegoq ,* elaqee ;e7se0q9° roveel ;eciv
‘(saseda sisteq) =
>
4 . 7 a
mn gisamp i> caer eanmin bes gaol gaivse
so Siasarstin esvesl ,J29%9 jneld .&
i ad) ,faenibst
: 0 ~OS o3 € siages -hefyorw sce otlecgqo semijamos yoaqu
«& afaqse ywolley Re aisia4 bx SS
beliibos ys 5975
3285057 xo d#seds eieset .€
.OS of & eleqes ;2asaRte
,peeenns wt exquold :otamsils ifs eeyaed +
7 og =S esvresl ,oelA) ~sdayro? 19 ,eolakasy
ween (avotogeth exowoll ~bevoqwes yistemrs3t
i
ai) hy i ie aie oh. ”
Sieg "
om
Po i)
he, ata)
107.
4. Leaves at summit of stem or peduncle opposite
or whorled, forming an involucre; flowers
solitary or in umbels.
6. Basal leaf 1, involucral leaves compound
(3 leaflets); roots tuberous; sepals 5 to
10, petaloid. (Also, sepals white or pink).
svaile/ sepsis ou (is eels (61.6/6is)e,sye (sifei,cusheieiesoievedeusieuexeieyeneieaeue) POLL EMOTE elec
6. Basal leaves several, basal and involucral
leaves simple roots not tuberous; sepals
4 to 6.
7. Involucral leaves unlobed, near the
flower, sepals bluish, white or pink;
plant stemless. Expected (Hepatica).
7. Involucral as well as basal leaves with
3 to 5 deeply lobed divisions; involucral
leaves remote from the flower; sepals
greenish-yellow; plant with stem....... Anemone
Clematis
1. Leaflets toothed or dissected; sepals 6 to 12 m.
long; achenes pilose or villous-hirsute............... €. virginiana
1. Leaflets entire or wavy-margined; sepals 10 to 17 mn.
long; achenes appressed-Silky....essesccesccvcrceseeee GC, dioscoreifolia
Clematis virginiana L. Virgin's Bower
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields, among Rhus vadicans and
Lonicera japonica. Higman 130, 710, 1038.
C. dioscoreifolia Levi & Vaniot Clematis
Java Farm. One station: steep southeast-facing slope at shore of
Rhode River, slightly below pier. Hectare 3610. Shaded by Robinia
pseudoacacia. Associate species Lonicera japonica. Higman 1039.
Ranunculus
1. Basal leaves simple or lobed, cauline ones divided;
roots fibrous, without corm.
2. Habitat aquatic or amphibious; plant fleshy; the
lower and middle cauline leaves long-petioled...... R. sceleratus
nai BE ‘getertot, ERG t
“hs vatsdam ot 3 wei
Ne poveat bectoont: an: |
hg ginqea yewdredys q200x ; s(ataltsel E)) 4h 8 i.)
aq cttw afaqee ,oeté) ‘bioleteq ey ti canal
—~
TRAE ar ee
7 N
RueKee eo xe
‘faxouLovnt bas teecd ,lezavee sevsoel fsesd, .o
gbaqes ;sveradia Jon Btoor alqute aoveal . Arh,
8 02 8 ete
ens ase ,bédoinu aavaet fexoutovnl .%
inte xo aotrw ~laluid-« Tnuee ,tawolt
Aggk sage) budosgxe ,eealanste trim licg id . ee
iIew na Isxavtoval. 5
a? i ene | “dakw advert Isead es
S
farautovral.ianotetvit hadel viqasb’ < o2
ao sfegen tyewoli afd meri syomet, BoVv! SJ
aa ‘pspoyre eA. oe. meitie: tiw jaalq, pendsey~ detaqgesd ye
aan yttamol)
me .
Be! | ; ‘x *
ys jan $1 163 8 elaqee gbossaeekb rq ‘hsAtoo2 ateltest af
oi aida cih wales es atuesti~auolliv ra aeoliq. eensdos 1gnGh
stm \a ji efeqse. ;bantatareeyyaw 10-3 $3 sisltsad ak a
A eh ayn t ev tomesaen oo ohtrs O-DERRSTI GS asneios, ¢qded
a. sowohl a thou a ee i postal toriv eves) |
erent evel
vn . bre gmpdiber aui% gaoris pebLel? bf ak Jnsupss4eL,
( ‘ i 7 sal! ‘ ae! , HEE Men! mgt BIL aHge| axgokaad fl
' i : i 1 7
we toaweal) f qotneV’ & twed elloitsiosgore a ie
; ( a a TO a ii x
fe avon te aqole gnbigi+sessnd08 sogte tol $6: ja sO .ored evel goa
stq wolad wlodgkie ,s9eke sboda
Xe vd debate .1/ et s761948H
‘ E emg tH enhance 7 Brpdinod ay kooge oIplaosek se
yy y ais Lis oumure ; 8 -
ee ghehiveh ‘agro satives bedel xo atigubhs ssvast
kg De mos beige? oa
pine eens Mentee cae pas
= ee we ae
108.
2. Habitat terrestrial; plant not fleshy; cauline
leaves short-petioled to sessile. (Also, achene
beakless; basal leaves shallowly dentate or
GREENE) OB GoGo COU CUO OOS DODO DOO ODO COMO OOO OCOD DOD OOO Ose Neloie es Ati)
1. Basal and cauline leaves compound; roots spreading
from sub-globose COrM...cccccccccccscscecrescorececsevecs Re DULbOSUS
Ranunculus sceleratus L. Cursed Crowfoot
Ivy Neck. Infrequent along Cheston Creek drainage and near artificial
pond at source of the drainage. Canopy of Platanus occidentalis,
Diospyros virginiana, Liquidambar styraciflua. Higman 877, 1157.
R. abortivus L. Small-flowered Crowfoot
Java Farm. Two stations, both shaded and apparently well-drained;
at north boundary west of new entrance gate, and along cut bank of old
Muddy Creek Road. Higman 580, 605.
R. bulbosus L. Common Buttercup
Java Farm & Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant along dirt roads, and
in old fields not yet swamped by Rhus radicans. Prefers moderately dry,
sunny or partly shaded areas. Higman 627, 1147, 1148.
Thalictrum
Thalictrum dioicum L. Meadow Rue
Ivy Neck. One station: steep bank overlooking Rhode River, slightly
above Sand Point, Hectare 4749. Higman 1012.
Anemonella
Anemonella thalictroides (L.) Spach.
Ivy Neck. One station in poorly-drained forest of central Scaffold
Peninsula. Canopy of Liquidambar styraciflua, Acer rubrum, Liriodendron
tulipifera, Fagus grandifolia, Juglans nigra, Quercus alba, Carya cordiformis,
etc. Higman 570, 631. i
as 7 oe pen soltsaga ot belok?
Rat. ep en yiwes fade govsst fnesd- +
eect reese
Rie euserolore a
bias ies bad septal Assi sotaedd punta anbupsYinl ios oe
@ aunbislS to yqoney susaitesb edt. to sp tuo0R' 44,
Tavedd , tro Mamgih .suftioexyta sedasbrupis © < SaBLAaEN Eck
thesb—-Iisw yizueraqqe ban bebsde JAtod enottede oat ee pyide i
te Atad sus grole ban .9icg sonatine wen io Jasw yisbaved dixon
ia aS rit 208 ,082 namgit .bsof ases0 yh
i ;
a) qosregsu8 neancd coe susodtud
| ] bye ,ebacs ath goole sashoiuda ylesersb0ol Per yvi 3 myal auak . ,
P Po yea Yisdausbom exelo7l = .gmsotbex null vd beqmawe Jay Jon ebfekt blo mk
4 pONtl TALL VS < ‘pang tH -esors bebarle- yldinq 36 OE
‘|
if muxdob ind?
ot ae . |
“or . su wobsot! ol muotots pier Bis
a —_
(ae ebaturte ~wovih shor gatfoolusyo deed qoste inokis3e sa .#oeM wt, a
ie 2f0I geegth .8é Se atesasl Bilt fo Rae’ zy
. : :
bioitaat faxateo to tesx0) benterb-yluong ab solicae Sn0 nae ore
bolt tt cea -sultlostyia xsdmsbinpttl Jo ygonao +SiueR
aisup ,aigia sasisol , ihe it a8AR ae
7“ ee ey oul
ra ae! | 5 ae
“oc « “is ;
nip © siete &4 ee
109.
Anemone
Anemone virginiana L. Anemone,
Wind-flower
Java Farm. Infrequent on summit of ridge, northwest of water
tank. Canopy of Pinus taeda, Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, Q.
velutina, Carya tomentosa, etc. Higman 504,
BERBERIDACEAE
Podophyllum peltatum L. May Apple, Mandrake
Java Farm. Moderately abundant in bottom of Muddy Creek valley,
under canopy of Fraxinus americana and Platanus occidentalis. Less
frequent on slopes of valley, under canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus
alba, Liriodendron tulipifera, etc. Associate species: Claytonia virginica,
Smilacina racemosa, Viola papilionacea.
Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in valley of Scaffold Creek
drainage, and less frequently in central Scaffold Peninsula. Canopy of
Liguidambar styraciflua, Acer rubrum, Liriodendron tulipifera,
Platanus occidentalis, etc. Higman 628.
MAGNOLIACEAE
Liriodendron tulipifera L. Tulip-tree,
Yellow-poplar
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant in
a variety of mature hardwood canopies. Seems to prefer moderately
moist upland, sides of stream valleys, etc. Associate species:
Quercus alba, Fagus grandifolia, Acer rubrum, Carya cordiformis,
Quercus velutina, Cornus florida. Higman 266, 1122.
ANNONACEAE
Asimina triloba (L.) Duval Pawpaw, Papaw
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in mixed hardwood forests of Scaffold and
Cheston peninsulas. Small clump between cornfield and Sand Point salt
marsh. Higman 573.
Se Masten Veghis to anaes no sebeaee” gees pasta:
; la cs Hoe ne <gbesd auntd to ygonsd” a
098 ,se03n9mod BYYeEO PEM
RATATAT AAT ki
Pabetbasd yolges, cit ; wl musests oa 2 om E.
in. bey Jo motjed nt sasbavds y (ater boM Sie t ett
jap gungtelS das sqaotusas auntxest to ¢qoiies sete
ry ayuss to yqonss yebay "WELL SV to to asdole co Sregps
ae eJeizoeeA 229 ,grstighiuy noxbasbotsid |
-poosaotityag aioly , S20 me 9B Ba.
W$029 blolies? Yo yellev uk jasbauds yfstsisboM © sApslt ‘eel a
' Be egone) .afuantoo% bloiies? Lextmso ak yliasupszi easiybns’ 56 ;
Breiighty) SOARES DOLLS fama suidus 1554 sulliosryia csmeuae a:
Be Sa mi:
‘idle
nemgth .: 913 ~ailsiaebtaso BUST
op
: i" , Ae ,a6tI—ol fT ~. oh systiqi ios noxbasbottht ;
2 Gaiqog-wol ls? Re
7 7
nk Wt Snehnuds vlatayebom 25 tnsipeyial .ASs qvI San mist svst
Wisdeisbom 18i6sq O27 emas2 ,astgonss boowbrud stujem to ee Si -
raetssq> StietoceeA .939 ,eysllav westta to esble ios lqu tekom
ban pieero} tbs @5 ayre0 ,swadur yok ,stlotibsays suged yacle a4
SSL ,dd8 oameth "sbi gol? sumo) ,snisjulay
SARDAMOUMA
Hagel .isiows? onal (..) séoteey satabalil
Mae Biotiact to steetcl boowhiad baxter at insupeting \- ost was
_ iss SHEOT trae brn biattazoo nsewsed qmulo flew? sesfuentasa
EX. sramg hl |
Peay
i
110.
LAURACEAE
1. Leaves usually with 1 or more lobes; flowers
in peduncled corymbose racemes, appearing with
the leaves; fruit a blue drupe, its pedicel
thickenedeatwthelendeiijcceicissieciteiieleiditincies eevesiec ss ocaSsatras
1. Leaves not lobed; flowers in sessile clusters,
appearing before the leaves; fruit a red drupe,
HES, pedicels Not CHICKENS s ciaiciasisis cle eielsisieieceie ce clsileicleiee eee VLINGdena
Sassafras
Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees. Sassafras
Java Farm. Moderately abundant in old fields and along fences.
Associate species: Acer rubrum, Quercus palustris, Liquidambar
styraciflua. Infrequent in mature mixed hardwood forest.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent at margins of fields. Higman 382, 584.
Lindera
Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume, Spice-bush
L. benzoin, var. pubescens
(Palmer & Steyerm.) Rehd.
Java Farm. Abundant in valley bottom of Muddy Creek. Canopy of
Fraxinus americana and Platanus occidentalis. Associate species: Cornus
florida, Rubus sp. Infrequent to moderately abundant in forested valleys
of tributaries to Muddy Creek. Higman 73, 559, 583, 632.
PAPAVERACEAE
Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot
Java Farm. One station: along old entrance road under canopy
of mature Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, Liriodendron tulipifera,
etc. Associate species: Dentaria laciniata, Dentaria heterophylla,
Claytonia virginica, Viola papilionacea, Desmodium spp., etc.
Higman 560.
goer eandos ‘orem. sae + aay
“aah. gabtseqgs ,AomsoBy seodary
Jeatbsq: eft ,equrb- suld 5. ster?
wbus 9d.
cee ev ege eee wy at Oe a ee saad soe
ree ‘gassents glrease. nt erewolt ybados ie
‘aaa ~oquib-bs & Jivyi, ;asvest: edt s1tdted, grizs9qqs
grabokt Fee Pa eiaine ay ve oso 6 ROROATENS Sor festbeq: “aay ve
eerisgasd “ WE ay
eaxtanee? sah (dau) gupidte BT
2, i
aeons? anole bas hist? blo al Jesbnuds . ylsisrabaif eek syeb y. |
opi ,sixtegiag euoteul ,muxzdus ash reginode ‘ssh
paeate} boowbied bexte sivten al Gnsouperial .5ul3)
Bt ,F2C aesig tt .sbfett to. sntgysm te Jaeupsxint . dost yt
By, daud-aalqe pemuld (1), nhossed ‘ego
ansoasdug .tev ,wiGRm
book (.arrsvese 6 28
AG weenRd weet) ybbu! to motiod yollav ak toahouds wrs% avel
ce radisesqs sdolooasaA spbiatnethan eunsjelt bos snsakroms
ayels y feteexo! ni toabouds yistniet Son ca dimou portal «qe age audod BE fs)
ka E62 .28e .€% npmgit .leax0 see os soi sasudind
a: TABOARSVAGAT at —_
er
; Joothoold ft akemebsnes Atronbegoge
r
= tebau Saox souatine blo gmole ‘:mok3sss sn0 sarxBY evel. 79
: : xhaobotutt .sdfa ayo tsu0 stlotibasrg oo
sine piskatoss sizaios0 ‘+aetsege 92 o0neh 4954
murbonead .gsasnodiiges slox¥ caakalntty: enes
flail
CRUCIFERAE
1: Petals yellow or orange.
2. Leaves all simple, not deeply divided. Expected
(Erysimum, Rorippa, Conringia, Camelina).
2. Leaves, at least the lower, deeply divided, lyrate,
or pinnate. ;
3. Petals 1 to 2 cm. long. Expected (Raphanus,
Brassica).
3. Petals .5 to 10 mm. long.
4. Cauline leaves clasping the stem by pinnati-
fed DASE Stayenedeiehelcherefenehelel sisielo eisteleielel sieleeiels nereiel me bacDakea
4, Cauline leaves not clasping, or if so their
bases entire or shallowly dentate.
5. Sepals erect at anthesis; petals 6 to 10 m.
long; ovary and fruit beaked. Expected
(Brassica).
5. Sepals spreading at anthesis; petals
shorter; ovary and fruit beakless.
6. Dry habitat; sepals and ovary linear.
(Also, terminal segment of the pinnat-
ifid cauline leaves bluntly to sharply
serrate; flowers pale yellow).......... Sisymbrium
6. Damp to aquatic habitat; sepals and
ovary ovate to elliptic. Expected
(Rorippa).
1. Petals white, purple, or pink.
7. Petals purple to pink; leaves palmately
3-divided; plant perennial with fleshy rhizomes;
LOTESE Wabiltraes Payee foderene el slononoyele enehohe! selelisenetenajeresslcn es oereie DeMtarcda
7. Petals white; leaves simple or pinnate; plant usually
annual or biennial without rhizomes; roadside and
field habitat. (Raphanus, above, may have whitish to
pale purple petals, lyrate leaves).
Ria Oar a jk
x Yh f : ey Ree hel
hioern rate oes +. Sia 2
i a ‘a pesosqxt “hebivth: wiqoat jor pelquke is
ee et
hee) 4 Gabeme ,atankesod .egghtoR ¢
) yaseryt ,babtyrb yiqest .xewol, si3 Fsasel Fa"
: eee. oo \gaRanke 30°
iy «zuasidge2) bstssqul .gcol «mm S$ 03 L_efs394 de
.(poteasid .
.gaol .mm OL-o2 2. efs7st -E~
povest gabiued 4a
<tiednhg xd made 9d3 gniqesio
+ vesend bE
OO a a
‘fi ve
kedy oe 2X 16 .gutqeat> Jou
sjpaneb. yiwollsde 1
‘*
geveok sabigsd «oy
o sitting asesd
ie
_ : emmy Of° 6% 9 efssoq rabeedinn Ja 299t9 alaqes 32 st a
berseqxd .baansd jtux2 bas qasvs gaol
»(spteenia) .
a elnjeq yeatesdins J4 gntbssiqa alaqed x ~~ ee
-saelised shui bes yr6ve ‘redavoe 2. etd
. oT
_ -yeoatt yrevo fas slaqoe ssatided ysO +4 a
- -jeante sila to Imemgse fentorea? »oetA) eo
; ae ylgvede oF yijould saveal antfues BET rate
SSTETISS =
A; b ;
_:’ : fubadmyet< cacmsrcse€wolisy slag arswolt a 3
w
bos eisqio8 -3stident oiijsups oF ‘qoreki 3
bainogad wotigtiis of s3avo y1eve - I
: (pageson) —e
_
10 ,Slasug’ -eaide elaveins
Se
- eon
i, .
i
Malg
‘ qissemlng eovasl pantq) os alquyq 0f628% «T
Ve spamonteiy ydest? citw (stasis Jnelq pbsbivib-€ 209 Sigua
RA sos - nen cen nnnc ses conn crs onc MARRS ‘~ te
¢ifeves tasigq :etenntq 30 siqmte asvesl ,eatdw sists mc
bre ehtebeot - gomosiiiz.2u0hiiw Istanetd +o Laue) me)
od sterzirw svad yom ,svods ,supssigal) -tetided BLSEX 9)
A(esvesl ssatyl valeseq siquug oleq a hy
i Ate
Hale
8. Leaves simple, not deeply divided.
9, Basal rosettes present. (Lepidium may
have a false rosette of cauline leaves).
10. Cauline leaves absent; flowering
stem a scape. (Also, petals cleft
to! middle) Reve evaterelsele cl cic ersicicisin messes Draba
10, Cauline leaves present.
11. Leaves sagittate at base.
Expected (Capsella, Arabis).
11. Leaves not sagittate at base.
(Also, ovary linear; petals
spatulate; plant annual with
slender taproot)......2.)..0cceeees5ee Arabidopsis
§, Basal rosettes absent.
12, Plants halophytic, succulent............. Cakile
12. Plants not halophytic or succulent;
old-field habitat.
13. Cauline leaves clasping the stem,
sagittate.
14, Ovary notched at summit; style
absent or very short.
15. Plant pubescent; petals 1.5
MMs LONG sieeve cr ciersie)s eleielesclee ere Ue DA GTUM
15. Plant glabrous; petals 2-4
mm. long. Expected (Thlaspi).
14. Ovary not notched, but subglobose
or cordate; style filiform.
Expected (Cardaria).
13. Cauline leaves not clasping.
16. Ovary short, lanceolate to ovate;
petals 1 to 2 mm. long or
ADSENE se cic ersle oyeie' ee c/eleicjeseserereee,euele/ CDG Tum
16. Ovary long, linear or
cylindric.
RMS amhe. gatzawolt it bonnie ees saktsch gba
- bie 5 stele elsteq ost) 249 GEIS &. MIS, rene hah a oe
ears ¢ r oy
iy a2 a i ee ‘ au : ih aa I is a i? 2
of eOiieeaa ie i ,insassq saves! ontiusd OL, = ina
seed tn oisitiges ‘goveel. .if ae)
atetdazA .sifsegs9) bedosyxe r Ree
.ebsd tn oteitiges jon ssvesd «tt Sever ee iG
Be > ; afsteq ;rsents yiseve ~oatA) = i. oe
Se _ datw Levan Snaiq. ;etsiujege a \ wel
OVC Ce a al wbasle :
| . | jnaads aettouox Leenh .@ an
A! ' ‘ q 7
i my SIEIED ssasvaverers snoluobe ,ottydqolad ejanlS $f vs
ey ee
: ae <.: yameiuoove 16 2tiydqolad Jou arene St
ces -tsiided bieli-~bic
Bes, ,meta of gaiqeals avvesl eatiue) tL "ae
iy, .s3a23igae =)
ai eivije ;tiamue ts badojon yrsvO Pt A %
y jyode ytev 10 Jqgsds ig
4 |, Oe 2.0 ulsisy ,3nscasdag gast9 are e
Py OE ee . mn
ne one b-S alesec j;svordsig JaslT ict ~ a
yi: Abgesintt) botoeqx3 .gael mm Re
' ; .. eee
seodoigdus sud ,berot0n Jan cRaND Pt reek
“mroghit? slyte ;ssabroo 10 ; me i.
- (gtzebis)) besoagxd
re -gniqesio ton asvaest sotived EL, ted '
pedaye o1 stalosocel .Jrode yenw0 OL ite en: ; a
x6 ‘gwol ame S of 1 oksdaq .cjj,yhe yu) See
3 26 si} ¥
gakieares sain ne Re sackeek iad
10 aeentl
eK
17. Cauline leaves deltoid-ovate,
cordate, long-petioled; plant
onion-scented. Expected
(Alliaria).
17. Cauline leaves tapering to base,
sessile or nearly so; plant
odorless. (Also, blades of petals
not raised above sepals; cauline
leaves blunt-toothed)........+.... Cardamine
8. Leaves deeply pinnatifid, lyrate, or pinnate.
18. Petals 1 to 2 cm. long. Expected
(Cardamine, Raphanus).
18. Petals not over 8 mm. long, or absent.
19. Ovary lance-oblong to round or ob-
cordate. Expected (Teesdalia, Lepid-
ium, Coronopus, Armoracia).
19. Ovary slenderly linear.
20. Wet or aquatic habitat; petals
4° to 5 mm. longs. ..... 5. oe cee ie, NAStUGELUM
20. Dry habitat; petals shorter...... Cardamine
Barbarea
1. Uppermost leaves coarsely and irregularly dentate;
lyrate lower leaves with 1 to 4 pairs of lateral lobes. B. vulgaris
1. Uppermost leaves lyrate-pinnatifid; lyrate lower
leaves with 10 to 20 lateral lobes......cecccceeeeeeeee B. verna
Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. Winter Cress
Java Farm. Moderately abundant in old fields, in areas not yet
covered by Rhus radicans and Lonicera japonica. Also along roadsides
and around headquarters. Associate species: Draba verna, Stellaria media,
Arabidopsis thaliana, Cerastium vulgatum.
Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in cultivated fields. Same associate
species as as Java Farm. Higman 596.
; Si pegs, , !
as et catia.
N+ ‘Sneio toe yixesn x0 slicese: -'
@ie%eq to asbald yoelA) «sesfrobod
neue teleqse owods piri son
eovsal
=
-steanly x0 udnes! ebtdissanig, Se eaves »o es
heyosqra: sgrol oo $02 D elatot .81 (eae
-(exeedqsh ,ettmebys) > is
insides yo ,gnol, -om 8 weve Jom elatot ,bf
“to vo broor oF Saqaeibapye vrei 22
441 " Ny
han “bhiqa! .stighasst) b22> Sex .Bdnbwe a
Be! . AgtoayemyA .suqogor02 , iat -
faesoti yitebuele yrtevO es
eirktis bern), oo vew & coe Y< f F fejagq tjeitdss val OS
aA sated ch a
Pr . = ; |
' a satniesh cixzsluagsryt bow yleersoo esyaal JeoarvedqU of: “a
Rieeee .esdol feouss: *o exteq boo © doiw eevesl sowol adetyt a
m7, > swowol statu ibiztsenatg-sia1yl savesl Jeomraqgie Lf.
y i Ca pevewesseve9dol fexets! Of of Of natw sevest 5/9
fn
. 4
ie @89x0 yvodnt' 14 iS ebysalvy sonedeadl @
Paon gse76 At ,obielt blo nt Jasboude gehen samet evel 7
ggois celA ,noukmoge! axgoinol bes emeothet eudd yd poate:
ie .avzew sdgil iestosqe s3etooeeA prercerrs rer wants 7
muaeziuy mutsnere) een |
e
Gand -gbf01? bessvisiue oi amsbouds écanesebetl
= apart ‘ate aval * a
114.
3B. verna (Mill.) Aschers. Winter Cress
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant. Associated with
B. vulgaris above. Higman 575, 617, 1082.
Sisymbrium
Sisymbrium officinale Scop., var. leiocarpum DC, Hedge Mustard
Ivy Neck. One station: pasture behind mule shed, north of
Cheston Creek drainage. Higman 724,
Dentaria
1. Bracts of inflorescence more or less’ hirsute;
flowering stem usually without a basal leaf........... D. laciniata
1. Bracts of inflorescence glabrous (occasionally
densely hirsute); flowering stem with basal
leafs, leaves violet beneaths. .cicteuinesseciyeice sosceeccoves D. heterophylla
NOTE: These species are difficult to distinguish. may hybridize.
Dentaria laciniata Muhl. Toothwort
Java Farm. Infrequent, along old entrance road under mature
canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, Liriodendron tulipifera, etc.
Associate species: Claytonia virginica, Sanguinaria canadensis, Viola
papilionacea, Smilacina racemosa, etc. Higman 1081.
D. heterophylla Nutt. ‘Toothwort
Java Farm. Infrequent, associated with D. laciniata. Higman 561.
Draba
Draba verna L. Whitlow Grass
Ivy Neck. Abundant in cultivated fields and along tractor trails.
Associate species: Cerastium vulgatum, Barbarea vulgaris, Arabidopsis
thaliana, etc.
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant. Roadsides and
open fields. Higman 555,
ryAoses
8B0L VEE. very sonal evods pi
{90 miqiesotsD tev ,iqoe? ‘sisatakive multe ley
be tisow , beta ofum boided stytesq = 'rolteja gn _.a5eu qt
SY asmgtli vsgenteth Assa0 pozaaigy:
me ‘ aie 1
. |
f ae ha de me
He * i ; sieatasd z
sAtnerzti asel yo Siem 8oNg25 syoLltnk 36 eaaee “ou
Woe. eee teed Laeed & Ivodiiw yliswau’ matve “grrb-yewodt! oi)
¢ffanelancs0) evordély 49meoasrcltnt Yo atosul «fis:
laced Gitw aeds antrseol), ;(otvetid. qisaaeh
allntaases PE abel bhstinew whi eae ges veces eSnened JaL04V asvasl ~Is6t Bh
sfuoht3ib ata eototqe aeant <a70R
. arte’,
bit: ' eer hirdyA yom . feluge th oc
Si hoa) Sxteri3ooT (HuM sjutniont stvetge | jae
" iam taba hace Soon" bid gadis ,jnsupessiat eset ave Ne)
ay 009 1 yB35 gi lir3 Hoyhnshoishs .bbis Bysi3y) »Btloicbneig evged 16 {qORee
bic q Boanes giteelvanke ,esiolariv ee :aatnogs ajainoeBa
i] a A
a ABUL raergit gp 2anokt ted 5
i ft , \ a‘
4 ea —s ni Y.
| i steel Io0 30% siivigowsst «&
i a oJarooae tasupayini «axe? evet
ve SpeDE Wisg ik eaninioal .{ daiw bosatenees , insdpaszin
eee iO volt ly
SO? Oty 4 gpoia bos viiatt pegaviaiue ok doabaudA | A508 yak
yetoagliey Sataiwed .muasgluy autIes29) TSakgagR Sapees
.Saeterude qLesexabom 63 “snsupe sid rae
ean
ipa 7 ai eras oa? wa
- iat Ly
we
v
115.
Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
(Sysimbrium thalianum Gray) Mouse-ear Cress
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant. Same
habitat as Draba verna above and associated with it. Higman 582, 624.
Cakile
Cakile edentula (Bigel.) Hook. Sea Rocket
Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant on sandy bars and
beaches of Cheston Peninsula. Associated with Spartina alterniflora.
Higman 860, 936.
Lepidium
1. Plant densely short-villous; cauline leaves
sagittate-clasping at the base, oblanceolate
to obovate in shape, entire or shallowly serrate....... L. campestre
1. Plant glabrous or nearly so; cauline leaves tapering
to base, very variable in shape and serration.
2. Petals equaling or longer than the sepals........... L. virginicum
2. Petals shorter than the sepals or wanting.
Expected (L. densiflorum).
Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. Field Cress
Java Farm. Infrequent along new entrance road. Associate species:
Dactylis glomerata, Lepidium virginicum, Melilotus alba, Vicia sativun,
Trifolium repens. Higman 637.
L. virginicum L. Pepper Grass
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent along roads and tractor trails.
Associate species: Juncus tenuis, Trifolium repens. Higman 681,
704, .708, 794. e
Cardamine
Cardamine hirsuta L. Bitter Cress
Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant in cultivated fields.
Associate species: Draba verna, Cerastium vulgatum, Stellaria media, etc.
Higman 554, 634.
ca Ee asiataors of 4ooupoaia toatl yvi bas axe ‘svat
‘ada aia Jr dalw bedskooses be evods strrsy ee ae Bias ‘
ete aso
Fae Bae
oy Giaon ybnde oo Joebauds viesarabom of Insupsttat Asi onan Hy,
“gaol tinsette asa détw bsistooseA ,siveatgsd nojesfd. to ee
-d€@ 008 meng.
y
mut brqscd
soveal ontiuss ;auolliv-Jrole qisenoS 90989 |
. evulosonalde ,send ait 76 guigeslo-sasssiges
yh RAZOR GMS 3. ask nie eae SIATISE vivolfade xo azting ,saade mb sjavede 02
ankaeqa2 esvacl sailusy joe \. them 710 euowdsls Japid
‘motisixse bos sqele af sidettav yrev gard oF
.aleqaw odd mada ssgnol 10 gatleips etssea Ss
| , ay
-4tosw vo efeqse 93: nad? yoatods distot sS on
— . (qvroltiensh .d) bavoequa 1 '
@aet? Sieit .1a 3 CS) s3v2eqme 2 muatitead
Seatoses sifiouecA beer eoceisas wen gvola insupaviat = -otsT svat
‘came srotv .adis au? sobttsM -mustotesty guiblaed Sisrasols B
Aye.) nargse -enogoy mkt
mne70 1999°% a muotatasty,
_ Mee aes bas abact gaola jnewpssial 499% yvI bas sret ave
ee: pages mutioi ist aiupes agonal Regt ‘3
£ 3
116,
Nasturtium
Nasturtium officinale R. Br. Water Cress
Java Farm. One station: bank of tidal portion of Muddy Creek
at mouth of tributary from springhouse. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia
and Quercus velutina. Higman 616.
CRASSULACEAE
Sedum sarmentosum Bunge Stonecrop
Ivy Neck. One station: stone flower box in yard of old house
(persistent after cultivation). Higman 721.
SAXTFRAGACEAE
Penthorum sedoides L.
(put in Crassulaceae by
Britton and Brown) Ditch Stonecrop
Ivy Neck. One station: mud bottom of dry overflow pond on
Rhode River shore of Cheston Peninsula. Associate species: Sparganium
eurycarpum. Higman 1015.
HAMMEL IDACEAE
Liquidambar styraciflua L. Sweet Gum, Sweetgum
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant in
canopy and understory of all hardwood forest types. Adventive in
abandoned fields, often forming very dense stands. Higman 63.
PLATANACEAE
Platanus occidentalis L. Sycamore
Java Farm. Dominates canopy along upper Muddy Creek near culvert
of old entrance road and at source of tributary near junction of old
entrance road and springhouse road. Hectares 2466, 2476, and 2497.
Associate with canopy dominant Fraxinus alba along Muddy Creek valley
bottom. Also one station at main building area.
Ivy Neck. Dominates canopy along drainage of Cheston Creek
estuary. Hectares 4722, 4732, 4752. Co-dominants include Diospyros
virginiana and Liquidambar styraciflua. Higman 459.
tr0q teks ey ave “chobasde
eugel to yore? .seuodgn tz. oe
Sree aki a ee ioe eoraeh
SARUAS SEARO
I Samuod blo 3 biev ai xod sewolt snote if0lriste en0 Shoat ae wt :
aes baci LSS) ope th ‘(aotdeyiaiua, 79428 4ns3ekenag) ‘
=
BASDADARS LkAe *
it gabbohas. ine zocb3e
vd SROKA jHeaatD ihan sy)
demnemore n53'e (meoté bam AOR IESB:
(0. hnaq wobtyaro y7b to mossod bum ;nolteta “as es wr"
Bh PRO E oayD sthtooeeA blvantast sojeed) to stone Yavin etna
L2f0F gemyth . mvs yaa,
GAS DAC TAMA . D. .
eu lisse tyre a dad
FRetaewe gd Jo%we
i iF neh dnébasds (lasois-: , +n perianal xyooF vv bea oyved ayet -
a We avi degubsA anae) seyod. boowb rad [ial taxebau, bos: yaaneoe
ae [ke wemetli ‘ebacta eaneb yisv artorsot a Ro -abialt saockoma “hr
- peter? I ettntasbkase
S acen Jeor) ybbuM reqqu grote eqomms estaaieol sist eval.
86 eoksosu) twod yre2edis9 to ec1u0n 26 baw haoy asaarias ibho:
@SRRS baa Ore ga At warajost e072 sevcfgaligé Bae bapt Some
im getty Hoox) cbhu® grole sdle sugizax? iasateok- yom. dziw siak
ean eaxm potbil or aise 2H morse He ‘ane pee :
2 egjetibers gacka Yqases -avneitno®
sraretgeb- oD 200 (SEW “SSRs ‘i :
INTE
ROSACEAE
1. Trees or woody shrubs.
2. Ovary inferior; fruit a pome or berry.
3. Plant not spiny; mature carpels papery.
4. Flowers in racemes; pome small, berry-like... Amelanchier
4. Flowers in corymbed or umbellate cymes,
very showy; pome large and fleshy (a
berry in P. melanocarpa)......essceccssesccere Pyrus
3. Plant with long spines; mature carpels
hard, with 1 to 5 bony nutlets..........+++-ee-. Crataegus
2. Ovary superior; fruit a follicle, capsule,
or drupe.
5. Plant a shrub; fruit dehiscent, a follicle
or capsule. (Also, flowers white in dense
elongate panicles in species collected;
EULEIVaAted)circps cicisiecis¢ dieee sie'e eieivlsie wile sis\eisieisisicieie se) OPAkaeas
5. Plant a tree; fruit indehiscent, a drupe.
(Also, flowers in racemes or corymbS)...+.++eee+ Prunus
1. Herbs or semi-woody shrubs, the latter thorny.
6. Ovaries partly or entirely enclosed by the calyx.
7. Plant herbaceous.
8. Calyx covered with stiff, hooked bristles;
petals 5, yellow; leaves pinnately
COMPOUNA La) sgeteyets eve epateloveloks| Vols sifels) siesel eleleleleisyeisleisfele PAC TAMON La
8. Calyx without hooked bristles; petals none,
flowers greenish; leaves palmately cleft.
Expected (Alchemilla).
7. Plant a thorny shrub. (Also, flowers white
and pink, showy; calyx an open cup, ripening
as a fleshy lip; leaves pinnately compound)..... Rosa
6. Ovaries not enclosed by the calyx.
oer canner Frome ‘Sod. paamaney int es cK
‘yaege.- steliedm: “10 baduy? 169 kt erawolt ie
a s) visolt bas sgrel say iywode: VIsVv
ees ere ee sqseconsiom. .t at ersed |
‘aisaieo sandan jsoenign ‘snot date Ing ld Ns
augestex) Cede Vas cteed sss SOIeLIUe YEO 2-09 f daikw , brad
jelueqss ,sistifol.s: thst -solyeque a
aqush t6)
elstifei s ,jusoekdeb siutt pours 6. toatl
‘pei eek 93 tae axyawola -osfA) .eivaqs> te
jbatoalioos satoege al .asloinnq ategaole
WE GE se pees e eee ee eee sav eye pps (DSIBVIAIUD
_eqert a ,insoelsebat tivrt
MTA cay uy esses CBdayAD FO Bemwoe4
vwrods tessal ent
eet sd ed boeetene’ ylotisas.410 yijzaq: seikiav0 4a
.auosasdisn taals ft
rasizelad bsxoad e3232 jiw bétoyoo: xzisl 8
yissaneig : iwolley ,¢ alaseq
SipomersA Tree eee see ee . ’ ova dente penonmes
sanon elsteq ;s9lvetid bedoorl: suodiiw xyisd 8
-tiela- ‘vistantlag saveol jlekaaesg arswol?
-(allinad >iAy basoaqual
a . “ gthdw axewol? . welA) ,dutde yoxods:
ao ” geknagts pI ‘ope: te xylao ieee.
Fagg... Ginwogeo RENE, weve a
118.
9, Plant a thorny shrub; fruit a cluster of
PUdeyMadrnUpelleES ees cic alecicliele sees cscs eels sicieicn eco RUDUS
9. Plant herbaceous; fruit achenes.
10. Plant prostrate-spreading.
11. Receptacle pulpy, enlarged in fruit
(strawberry-like); leaflets 3, digitate.
12. Petals white; bractlets of
calyx similar to the narrow
TODES es cc's 6 alo a \crelawerewevnreveraweverelevercnatarcrorere Fragaria
12, Petals yellow; bractlets of calyx
much broader than the lobes, 3-
toothed. (Also, plant very pilose;
stipules 3-divided).....c.eecececeeeees Duchesnea
11. Receptacle dry, hairy, not enlarged in
fruit; leaflets 5, palmate. (Also,
Petals) YElUlOw) ic sccnciee sieeve ereide LOtentadela
10. Plant erect. (Also, receptacle hairy).
12, Petals yellow; receptacle flatish; leaves
oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, coarsely
serrate, never lobed... .ccceccccsceccvcess LOtentilila
12. Petals white; receptacle conic-cylindric;
leaves broadly oblanceolate or rhombic,
serrate, the lower often lobed or cleft.
er rr) Geum
Amelanchier
1. Racemes ascending; sepals divergent in fruit;
petals 7-12 mm. long; leaves blunt or acute at
apex, glabrous beneath, round at base........+..++..+. A. Canadensis
1. Racemes drooping; sepals tightly reflexed in fruit;
petals 1-2 mm. long; leaves acuminate at apex,
tomentose beneath, round or cordate at base........... A. arborea
shui ‘prasde rset Ms Hues
ewe ee: we siequab wetol
ene stuyt yeupsoadied anal of
Jantbagrqs-ssetieoue maces 60
giv ok bsatsins , eqiug aiasjqerds «ih
savettgth: ,£ i Paisptees (edit -yrtedws1 se)
may: oy oe
: ss sie ctmesd sotidw efstet tt | ites
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ig we eo BAGOL ;
| Es ee een : , x Bre
x¥iad Yo atelsostd «wot ise alates 8.2
rf ,aedol old oad? sobsotd. dove i (ag
seaolig (iv: Jsalq _owfA) ~.bed2003 ; a
. bebivib- - geflugkse ran
eoeaveee ve ©
OSCE SS) Se ahh aaa . (wolfey afateq, Aor
nk bagtains ton ,¢zisd yib elsesqeoed Lf mg
c : -oetA} ,97anleg my ajefies! saiurt : a
Fy. 1 Re
oA ~ : \
7 [ . tyikent afoatys0e7 ou EA) ssaxve taet? 2.0L
mn Crs =
: ie aavesi paatssi} alaasqeoo% -wollov, alsso% si
an oF sislossnsido a an.
| fc yisersds ,sInvod: viwort
badol ssvenr ,sistses }
D ~
seiabatfiyo-ornos siostqs28% :aaidw eleset Af : i,
, ~pkdmodts 10 atelosousida ylbsoxd eavess le
' .3telo 10 Bedok a53t0~ yunnt add (siutise ]
yotiogesiom’s —
Agi stkust ak Josgtevil elaqag pagal bremes esmen8d “ah”
$s s3uDa 10 2o0ld eovesl ygnot =m Si-< alateg,
Bhanoh sng SA ee Ues eevee eSRRd IS DUTT iteened evosdslg ,x3qe
satux2 ak bexelte: yladgts eleqse -gmigqoosh womsoa: fi a
~xaqgs Ja sisciau2s saves: :auol mx S-E elsded, j
aezadze a ceegeves es O8ad 38 SILDTO9: 10 brvto% Ripe asornsmol |
J : = ‘we
a4.
sa”
ale).
Amelanchier canadensis Medic. Shad-bush,
Service Berry
Ivy Neck. Two stations: head of Scaffold Creek estuary and east
bank of Scaffold Peninsula. Canopy of Quercus alba, Carya tomentosa,
Fagus grandifolia, Acer rubrum. Higman 594, 844,
A. arborea (Michx. f.) Fern. Shad-bush,
Service Berry
Java Farm. One station: Hog Island. Hectare 3592. Canopy of
Quercus prinus. Associate species: Rhododendron nudiflora, Nyssa
sylvatica, Gaylussacia baccata, Cornus florida. Higman 117.
Pyrus
1. Leaves glandular along upper midrib; petals less
than 1 cm. long and 7 mm. broad; fruit small and
DEY RHELKE! etohele clototakelalereie ele nie ielelejoleieleie ere leleleleleieicveleieiecieiee ihe MeLanocanpa
1. Leaves not glandular; petals 1-2 cm. long and 0.8-1.5
em. broad; fruit large and fleshy.
2, Leaves and branchlets glabrous; fruit pear-shaped,
Fy SulalLOWieNatarete folleleiteladereve lavelalode| allaletollor lave tcteleteteleleiieistere lee oleiene ole) Jie mC OMMUI LS,
2. Leaves and branchlets white-tomentose; fruit
apple [Shaped ey GE's craree shel eleieiel clleiellslsichele efelaleeieleisieiee cies ee mallu
Pyrus melanocarpa (Michx.) Willd.
(Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell.) Chokeberry
Java Farm. One station on Fox Point, under canopy of Quercus prinus.
Also observed on Hog Island. Hectares 3558, 3592, Higman 532.
P. communis L. Pear
Java Farm. Infrequent on steep west-facing slope overlooking
meadow, adjacent northern boundary. Persistent after cultivation.
Canopy of Juglans nigra.
P. malus L. Apple
Java Farm. Infrequent on south-facing slope overlooking meadow,
adjacent northern boundary. Persistent after cultivation. Open canopy also
includes Liriodendron tulipifera and Robinia pseudoacacia.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent on borders of cultivated fields. Presumably
cultivated. Higman 157, 506, 578, 597, 604.
Mi: ‘i mien) 2 4 eae = ies
0039 lotto? ae baad \ enokinte ‘ox? | oe Bie
‘Poveqeded , .minankeat bkotieed to:
fo r3
at B 8 nest err ase ig
~}
a —
“A ¥ ‘ a . \ p y >
an | > pi ceteet 45% yadoiM sexodss 1B
FREE ayetoal: sbagkal aoh - sextdese 920 mip syeb
HISGRIVORA ByOLSE
jg mer sre! reakoeqe 9:
NEL mangifi .ebirolt eutyod ,B3a22h¢0 BTOSe seulys® Soh eel
=e
ie ae
eguiyt ; Ss
ta xelvboslg esvaode £
erat wrt emo f hed
int otk ingraed eh
tael aletea ;dixbkm rsqqv gn
haw Eisme tivst,;baord sa
He: it -evebivewer eseevael ee ¢ ee? 2 0 88 even dcitate
ma i :
/ rane ae 2. %=6.0 bia gaol .m Cal glayeq pralubsstg| son avveae £%
; Aisel? brea satel tivat shaord «Mo ie
,bawarer1894 sru's? [eurokess9 sdsinoaeyo OFB eovaad, «& ;
Su, a ere cweatee™ pede eet ~ woLlsy. is
‘ Stuy? senoinsmos-s3idw alelcomsse BNE govaal.8 i) 9 cae
\ Mie Diyahnetes scr e=soetrernere® ~ boy -baqeda-sLGgR. | See
ee J “a
On ae = biltw (.sobM) sgrnsonp tem: se _
|g Been renee
18 (iol) squecotetom Sige
qrzadalot7
biste on -crmsd aval
sure Saga fo yqons) 19! bau ,3as xo’ ne Gg
eeze ,22e£ poet oH .baslel, gon He hovreed® asta.
Hamad Seen
a
365% : 7
, olyovo Sqole, goiosi-tesw qeetve mo Impex: tat mre BYOln |
A Ahtav talus ye3te ineieteses wigbivod siad7 tou toone pbs wo a
| paata: gonial 19 |
alagk Lanhaied uae e)
sorset svat)
paontzve sqoia gatoai-dsvee ne snoupoxtar
soaker
potsevidiue wits Insets pepe
betas piel we mnalaa
120.
Crataegus
Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl.) K. Koch Hawthorn, Red Haw
Ivy Neck. One station on east shore of Scaffold Creek; canopy
of Quercus prinus, Q. velutina, and Carya tomentosa. Another station
on east shore of Cheston Creek; small area of Quercus phellos-mixed
hardwoods. Higman 656, 1073.
Spiraea
Spiraea prunifolia Sieb. & Zucc.? Spiraea
Ivy Neck. Two stations near old houses. Hectares 4720, 4658.
Persistent after cultivation. Higman 593, 1144.
Prunus
1. Flowers an long racemes... ..s. cece cecccceceeccsccoseess bP. Serotina
1. Flowers umbellate or corymbed.
2 Ovary rand £rud CE) LOMEMEOSE fie )c/erers ele cletsteleleieters etelels ove e De ppersica
2. Ovary and fruit glabrous, not glaucous............. P. avium
Prunus serotina Ehrh. Black Cherry
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields and
along roadsides. Associate species: Sassafras albidum, Acer rubrum,
Quercus palustris, Liquidambar styraciflua, Cornus florida.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in old fields between east and west forks
of Scaffold Creek estuary, in forest at source of Scaffold Creek
drainage (east fork), and in forest of central Scaffold Peninsula.
Moderately abundant on Cheston Point and in coves behind salt marsh
there. Associate species: those at Java Farm plus Robinia
pseudoacacia, Rhus typhina, Quercus velutina.
Higman 139, 644.
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Peach
Java Farm. One station at main buildings. Hectare 2580. Persistent
after cultivation. Higman 598, 867.
‘
‘ Atay SNE i .
door sa 6, «tbaet) y sean 2
m8 ‘no notisze ‘en |
,saziuise Die
lass T pojeeds |
vEXOE aa rhemget ,aboe
nie ;
Paiee ts
SBops .OSts aetatosl ‘senvon blo wed acclss3e owl. foot we
»pokisv ts iss- 19336 sao Tara
pearl , £82 nsmgth
suo
~
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ber oe BSNGlS
ui gut $0 soe sg : ’
bodoret stalladmna oxovBET, re
a ep
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thuv? bes grave Sc
ae
Ce ee ) ie suoouatg Jom ~BUaTCE ig
‘wa egret) donlt eld aataouss aumat |
ul bas ebieli bin as aahoauds vlatnasbom 92 fnaupa sin ies e sve +
- yaoradus, sod jaubidis sowseese-~*? ntosqa SIBLSOBeA eobtabsor setae
. poral} eusyo Buti soe Is zadmebbupiy «8 i7289 dag expaeEbs Mi
: KAfale bo at dnsepsaael ook WWE =e
a Sanur Libttace To s571u08 ago? ok ,ysautas Ase “chs gl
‘eivenitua?t bloitsse tex389> 10 ‘gaerot at bas , (#7193 taa9) ogek
Wexem tise beined asvos nt hos Salot moses) 10 ‘ganbands ¢h
aintde® suiq ors velo 3h sods 228L98G¢ eisisoeeaé oneal
pokwl ay euoisup yanidoys aah 2EoRs
dosed dosjed tad). ele! uss
egnibitud atem 3a nolaase on. .rset aval
Tae 882 nse kh ‘
2 / igiset tuew Gna 225° magwied &
4%
J082R atecosk
*€ ae alt e-
ce
' ; =a ow,
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whe ; 4
a
alPJake
P. avium L. Sweet Cherry
Java Farm. Infrequent along shore of Muddy Creek and Fox Creek
estuaries. Associate species not definite, may include Robinia
pseudoacacia, Liquidambar styraciflua, Ulmus rubra, Cornus florida.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent along shores of estuaries and at Cheston
Point, not associated with Quercus prinus canopy. Also one station
(presumably cultivated) beside old house on upper Scaffold Peninsula.
Higman 422, 424, 585, 767, 1163, 1164.
Agrimonia
1. Larger leaflets of middle and upper leaves lance-
acuminate, sharply serrate, villous and copiously
white-glandular-dotted beneath. (Also, axis of
raceme minutely glandular)....scccescccceccccscecvecese Ae parviflora
1. Larger learlets of middle and upper leaves ovate-
oblong, coarsely dentate, either villous or glandular-
dotted but not both.
2. Axis of raceme minutely glandular, glabrous or
nearly so; rachis and lower leaflet surfaces
BLADTOUS. -c eee creerescenccvccccccssessesscscecssees As rostellata
2. Axis of raceme glandless, pubescent; rachis
and lower leaflet surfaces pubescent.
3. Larger leaflets broadly obtuse at apex;
mature hypanthium about 2 mm. long........-....- A. microcarpa
3. Larger leaflets acute to blunt at apex;
mature hypanthium about 3 mm. long.
Expected (A. pubescens).
Agrimonia parviflora Ait. Agrimony
Java Farm. Infrequent in grassy fields between south side
of main building area and old entrance road. Associate species:
Solanum carolinense, Cirsium discolor, Erigeron annuus, Verbascum
thapsus, Asclepias syriaca.
Ivy Neck. One station: drainage into Cheston Creek estuary.
Hectare 4743. Canopy of Robinia pseudoacacia, Diospyros virginiana,
Platanus occidentalis. Associate species: Elephantopus carolinianus,
Cuphea petiolata.
A. rostellata Wallr. Agrimony
Java Farm. Infrequent along abandoned trail between old entrance
gate and Muddy Creek, parallel to north boundary. Canopy of mature
Fagus grandifolia, Carya tomentosa, Quercus alba, Liriodendron tulipifera,
etc, Higman 1079.
3
a baa a ae eas, ot ‘ene it
. sa ore tort danchpa sapioob tt
ah cate batienites 49 ets Bry Seen
gaye no, oalA .yqonso suet 7 pugzand ds iw boekooees fom « pe
a geval blo abkaed (bstavidinve vidsomsasq)
anocnins bletient yeqqu TG)
DOLL (COLL ., Tat yeBE ASE aa
sizombsgA : vo i :
ws9nel esvees. seuquv bone olbbla to “ggaltsal aero a
‘yiavotqos hoe evolity ,s1877190 viquaia (atenimoa &
Jo eins “poe LA) jjaens af botiob-waivbnele—o9 kewl
gxeliivrag .A le ocd bad aaa ionantaceeCTHLORACLE viswuate smaoee) ;
Uj
cr ‘ ; ; (ts
a: 7 ~#tavo, poveal reqqu bas albbkm to ajelueol 2epTSd aes
ia ~yalubaats 10 avolity ssdste ,sieinsb yleayaod ,anodda 9
; . . dod soy- dud bessoR
% 16 arertes , wlubastg yissuate omeop2 30 erxA oS
2ene7 satias!l rawal bae aitloas ,o8 yiteon
i 6 .
: s2allesvos oO ee oo bancdeecadiens SEUOCEGLE) Oars
vidoes: rimacesduq ,eeslbralg emis, to ath oS 7 oe
q ars) «
i gnooredpa sssstme doliael yewol Bins
i ; ‘seas tn gavide ylbsoxd asotiael regted 46 Acie
es Bampymsobm ah «1+ -+> << -s-* ~ogtod .as,S Juode euidanaqyl 81438% ) qe
Au ‘
xy ixaqs. te Jauld oF 99498 ajalisal apse, .€ 7
.gaol am wots muldinagyd. swiss
» (ensngods uy AD besoaqxe —
yout i ZA 3th sxolkivtag. ‘sonal
ghia Hiuoe soowsed ebisit yeasty of Snape Tiel met evaton i
teatosge azatooseA .bsox aorsyias blo bas 692 garbitud ‘Them }
muzpadzey ayuang goseph Te stolozeld subert>
3% one
| syieuans siea79
area ojut “Sasaeen? saoliaie ene
aotG , S22) =f 29 past
get: s aakoeat seer 2!
e220
A. microcarpa Wallr. Agrimony
Java Farm. Infrequent along old entrance road between gate and
Muddy Creek. Canopy same as for A. rostellata above. Associate species:
Lactuca floridana, Eupatorium purpureum, Desmodium paniculatun,
Desmodium glutinosum, Elephantopus carolinianus, Polygonum cespitosum
var. longisetum. Higman 32.
Rosa
1. Styles united into a column equalling the stamens.
2. Stipules entire; leaflets 3. Expected (R. setigera).
2. Stipules fringed like a comb; leaflets 7 or 9...... R. multiflora
1. Styles free (sometimes partly united) and shorter
than the stamens.
3. Sepals persistent in fruit; foliage not
glandular-aromatic. Expected (R- cinnamomea).
3. Sepals deciduous in fruit, if persistent, the
foliage glandular-aromatic.
4. Mature hips 2 cm. long or more, ellipsoid-
ovoid, the achenes often visible through the
walls. (Also, leaves glabrous, glandless,
NOE ATOMAELEC) ior cierererekeicheleielsels:s wiaiel eras atebsisiercrel-io rac anna
4, Mature hips usually 1 cm. long or shorter
(1.5 cm. long in R. micrantha), ovoid-subglobose,
opaque.
5. Leaves glandular beneath at least, oval-
ovate, the teeth glandular or gland-tipped;
hips sparsely glandular-hirsute to
glabrous; sepals fringed like a comb.
6. Sepals persistent until fruit is entirely
ripe (only sure distinction); leaflets
strongly glandular above; styles
pubescent. Expected (R. eglanteria).
6. Sepals promptly deciduous in fruit;
leaflets sparsely glandular above;
styles glabrous or nearly so..........-. R. micrantha
Pi Teh ae oma gece
das . ew acted
-anoiie te ais gotilsups amufon pn odnt .b sadn salvia at
i(eisgtise .f) betseqxd = .t atoliesl ~azlbinas eatughna eee
Bose yeen®, aO-5 atjoliae! :deoo 5 viltl bayatss asibata2 af £
yWadrode bak (had reo vis7sq aenbtanoa)y sax salvia, rae
smenaza sna rad?
son egetio? :3luc3 al jnotelerteq eleqse, i),
+ {geporm fai: 4) betoeqed Lismeyn-tstvhne lg’
o43 ,Jnadetereq 22 ,3tuTt ni guoubtceb aleqaa 4&
orgamoteisliiinslg ‘agettor
ebtoagtils ,ogtom To guol .9 - agid siedaM
oft iguows sidteky mei lo-seasios ada ,bhove
~eadibasts suotdete wesaol , mts) eitlew
> ee ee ‘ pee ewes (ORPRMOTE ION
qssi70He zo giol.mo [ ylievevs eqht eto
,aeodoladye~biove , (sdinsyotw +i at gool .ao t,t)
+ SL DAO,
wlnve ,Jesel is dissosd maiubnsig aeveud .t
sheqqts-baaly > saivbnstg, diaest ot? ~a3svo
oF Stuer rin- ro Lu bite £3 pisstnqe., agit
doo o stil bsgata? eleqss ,avordalg
glevigos a) tiwx) (kiny sussetersy elsaes st
ajalise! arisen anwa xine) sgiz
¥ asivyts gavode isivbosig ylgacis2
+ (pixoome le 8) ba2saqxd sapeteres)
uP patwrt nb pbypuoubtoeb ‘eiagante) alpen
>a pavods zalubasla ee one
1 resegaianey zo
23).
5. Leaves glandless, narrowly elliptic-
obovate; hips and sepals glandular-
hirsute; sepals entire or with 2
narrow lateral divisions.
7. Stipules upwardly dialated, the
spreading adnate part of the pair
3 - 10 mm. broad. Expected
(R. virginiana).
7. Stipules with parallel sides, the
adnate part .5 - 2 mm. broad.
8. Sepals entire; leaflets glabrous,
or pilose only on veins beneath;
cauline thorns stout and recurved...... R. palustris
8. Sepals with 2 narrow lateral
divisions; leaflets pilose beneath;
cauline thorns slender and straight.... R. carolina
Rosa multiflora Thunb. Rose
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent, usually on banks of streams
and in nearby old fields. Associate species: Gratiola virginiana,
Trifolium repens, Tripsacum dactyloides, Panicum clandestinum, Viburnum
prunifolium, Rhus typhina, Celastrus scandens. Higman 221, 328, 680,
HOS) 1 23k
R. canina L. Dog Rose
Ivy Neck. One station: steep bluff above sandy shore of Rhode River
on Cheston Peninsula, north of Sand Point. Associate species: Amorpha
frutescens, Rhus tpphina, Verbascum thapsus, Daucus carota, Atriplex
patula, Plantago lanceolata, Juncus tenuis, Solidago sempe-: sempervirens,
Cirsium discolor, Arctium minus. us. Higman 368, 1162.
R. micrantha Sm. Sweetbrier
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields. Associate species: Rosa
palustris, Solidago altissima, Rhus radicans. Higman 377, 761.
R. palustris Marsh. Swamp Rose
Java Farm. Infrequent along shores of streams and estuaries,
landward margin of salt marsh on tidal portion of Muddy Creek, and
scattered along Fox Creek drainage and adjacent fields. Associate species:
Salix nigra, Rosa micrantha, Myrica cerifera, Viburnum prunifolium.
Higman 291, 368, 379, 466, 861.
fe ylworssn .dealhoal
tobauly eleqos bie aqitd
S$ dike to aitsas efegee je .
snotatvib devesil worsen f/f
é Ze NY MRSS fea
a?’ ibeaeiaib eibrawan: sa tugia® ae oe
Rietae ads 26 d26q- gtonbs gathsarqs!
se bajoaqut ,bsord yor OL = ati:
vi prolotoarty A)
aft) .debta tetiaveq @iw eeluqtae
~bsotd .om S$ - ¢..dasq stenbs
ysuemdels etolias! ysiatstos alaqe2. 58
pddsened sakev oo vino saoltq to
oe ss + Devaney bre Juota envods ontivusa
{sretel wortsa S$ djiw elaqsd
tdigensd: seclie ajaliss! ;emobetvih
Batlowes .f «...3igtsxte baa ysbnele emzoa ontlues
aga08 sdoudt ero ks tum. seo
yeni to ited go Yliscven ,jneupstial .Avet wi baa’ mre ovat ze
} eshoeqs statooseA -alifer2 blo ydzson nk pneu
ee D austasd ,ssblolyjosbh quoreqtxT ,agsqox muklodtat
BSE ,FSs stg, tH
.gasbosos suitesis) ,satigys audit a
SV GOV
aeoK goo P z are entass am
insite ehoria %o sxdda vbnse evods ttuld qosie ‘:notsaye sad dosh yl =
an faviseqes Staiooasé sare bre? to daion ,alventaat. cotesdo go
a) om sGaetmse suoueG ,auegsii myoasdyal ,satdgqys soda emsagsnee
paometvtoonse onatiio® .2luco) evasul ,sislosomel onstaasd sbLujed |
Sell Bae jeumgtt .avetm mkjoxA .xoloosth muswa$D |
Wirdseswe ! 02 adanenakm ae
Baek reshosqe #dJeloogzA ..ebielt blo at sgeteeniat oiet svel 9
POX, ChE mpegih .amsriber eudi ,amtsetsis ogsbiloe celaaauleg
Bek gue? ck adage atizanlsd
Ladeaccsee bis tessyie 20 aez0de men asopessik: sara ovat
Ever eHpesD ybbuM 2o wolsi0q Labt2 no dexse tse
-abigki saanabhs bas event aanueet bagel
24%
R. carolina L. Rose
Ivy Neck. One station: east shore of Scaffold Peninsula.
Canopy of mature Quercus prinus, Quercus alba, Carya tomentosa,
Acer rubrum, Fagus grandifolia. Higman 846.
Rubus
1. Flowers 3-4 cm. broad, with spreading petals;
fruit often drying in the receptacle without
falling; leaves pale green beneath, pilose
on both sides; stems and petioles very bristly........ R. hispidus
1. Flowers much smaller, with calyx lobes exceeding
petals; fruit readily falling from receptacle;
leaves densely white-woolly beneath, nearly
glabrous above; stems and petioles pubescent
or glabrous.
2. Stems, petioles, pedicels, and calyx with dense
red glandular hairs; leaflets red-veined;
FLULC LEdeececeeescccssccscessvsecccvceessecssscees Re Phoenicolasius
2. Stems glabrous but often very glaucous; petioles
and pedicels slightly pilose with non-glandular
hairs; calyx tomentose; leaflets green-veined;
fruit purple-black... ccc ccceescccsvccceeescvsesers Re OCCidentalis
Rubus hispidus L. Dewberry, Bramble
Java Farm. One station: border of mixed hardwood forest at end
of road to springhouse. Hectare 3427,
Ivy Neck. One station: prostrate in cornfield on Scaffold
Peninsula and in adjacent forest.
(May be infrequent to moderately abundant at forest borders.)
Higman 658.
R. phoenicolasius Maxim. Wineberry
Java Farm. One station: near northeast border fence. Hectare
2550. Summit of steep west-facing slope (old orchard); dense
canopy of Juglans nigra, dense ground layer of Lonicera japonica.
Also in small ravine at base of slope, adjoining meadow. Higman 781.
salatey gaibaazge ris bin band cies fuk ekewaly ;
juontiv slostqeoex adi nt galyib astio shox
Oe in gaoltq ,djesned osstg sisq seveol pact list
ites 4 Seveseesedaabsd trey asloieay bos emote paable fidod a0
a gaibessx9 eadul xqics ditw ,rsiieme doum ezevolt_ ts
ewe - sesstqsosx mort gnaiiis? yitbaes trust :aleteq — ie
yixveon ,dissasd yloow-s3 Edw yvisenab.asvEegl' sp
snsskedua sefotisq base anieve isyeds evordelg ay
.euosdslg 20 ae
ae oa
ces, osreb doiw xviso bas ,elesibeg ,caloiteq ,smesd .f oe
chontov-bex eteltee! jeitod weivbsely betc; Ded) |
; vee oe DSE REGTE, en) ee
Bite 2's welokieg j;euosvslg yrev s9Jto Jvc suoidals anes ..f
pis satobialg-von dsiv seoliq yistigrls elsotbsq bas Ree
shouinv-asexy sisliasl jaeotmnmos ayino taxbed: - 7ien
SESE eee dtu ny
‘ x
4 eliinn36 verrsdesd = oF aubbge lt audogy)s
-
| aa tn A og Yaso? boowbzes bextw 20 rsbi0od :mordsia sn) .srist avel”
‘oe ‘Ue eNSAE sresosl sunordgabtqs os bear Fay
eT a:
: j Hicn
- _ heties? a0 bietiqa0 nt s2exs8074 snotsete od jao9M ek Se
a dasyol tragstis. os bes aluenkaet a
b.eyebsed Sesroi is jooduuds yisterebou 03 Inaugsyial ee “yet)
.8c8 memgell,
qysodanth oxen euicateo tinea .s
f, IBI9 ii Jedast rebyod tasedtron sssm jaolisie eanQ .9ret Byes 7
seaab baie! blo) sqole anisein~sesw qpate jo thom? Oe
44 yayal boots sanah eral oes Legal fess
125.
R. occidentalis L. Black Raspberry
Java Farm. Dominant in many old fields, forming dense clumps.
Seems to compete well with Campsis radicans and Lonicera japonica.
Also scattered in grassy areas. Higman 702, 648.
Fragaria
Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Strawberry
Java Farm. Three stations: grassy triangle at entrance gate,
washed-out culvert on upper Fox Creek, and open glade at end of
springhouse road. All sites moderately moist, moderately sunny, and
moderately free of Rhus radicans and Lonicera japonica. Associated
with Viola spp., Duchesnea indica, assorted grasses. Higman 622.
Duchesnea
Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke. False or Indian
Strawberry
Java Farm. Moderately abundant to abundant in same habitat as
Fragaria virginiana above. Also found in bottom of Muddy Creek valley,
under canopy of Fraxinus americana and Platanus occidentalis; associate
species there include Ranunculus sceleratus and Allium vineale.
Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant along Cheston Creek drainage.
Canopy of mature Platanus occidentalis, Robinia pseudoacacia. Higman
1/7, Sst GOIN ./ 83).
Potentilla
1. Stem erect, 2-9 dm. high.
2. Leaves digitately 5- to 7-foliate; teeth of larger
leaflets narrowly deltoid, ascending toward the
apex; petals notched at apex; flowers 15 to 25
Top DOG sreileloveileieitctelela\otaycrolevoketatene) shelelare) eienerier et aieienenehsnevelisieueh exe Mrae Citta)
2. Leaves palmately 3-foliate; teeth of larger
leaflets broadly acute, spreading; petals only
slightly notched at apex; flowers 3 to 10 mn.
ROK CD UD OOO COOL OD ODOOOUU0D U0 GOOG MOU O ODIO OO ODO OD eo) ular!
avenas), ditw: Tiow, Sioa
“Beate Veen ty: ab”
| Bitegayt :
ia tradwesa? | -giuadoud auetatasty: :
Spee opietice te eignelsd. (22978 - sagokesa sovdT | mga. evel 2 <a
. Yo te 36 abalg maqo bas jest) -xol 1Sqqe AC tyoviuo Juo-berleaw a
‘Bae ,xanur viatazebom ,deion yierarsbom eeite ILA ..paO7 ssuotgnltaei ys
WeugheerbA .Aotmogs}, ex2oio0! bas gasotbss audi to, sast yishershoms
G85 gavath .woeeaug bo10e68s ~solomk Benagdoud ,.4qe 6ho% aw
pansorsuc
Oe Te AP mE a Fe
4 aptbat ao selet edoo” (.tbmA) aatbak soneodoul
yirsdyay 328 <1 j —= is
A (
#5 tetided emaa cl. dnebeuds of tonbauyds, vylatateboM .orzsa aval,
Rise Het) “bbult 20 moazod at bauct oelA .pvode ‘aostninyty Alssaes4 oe
Biseies iaiiginabtr.0 punezsid boa seo. any suatzexd 206 yqoues Temes «
wedsaniv grit lh. bas eujsteison euiuocugsh abylout sxed3 esigaqe
wagemketh Jest!) fos2eio gaole Jtasbaue: yiaisiebo j;J09% xvi :
eat +BiQerwobu rig atnidod .etieiaabiocs eumpield siuJag 20 eqorind is
Ay re eEBS, C08 {ELE ANA
49 drasi psgettoi-‘t o3 -¢ visssiigib asveal «Si 1)
brewol gothirsoae ~birosish yiworren aisltsel rs
6? 2 axsawold ;xsas je bedaton eletsq ixsge
epeareasd+ . neepaceccres tes <siesshoname 7
"Gostal to dase: yeagtioi-t <Lasamlug aay od; 2S
yino alajag zanbbastga ,.Sdos yibsord sielise be ey
og OF ot £ exswoll :xoqe: 36 bea us ore Se
aj erry ey COPE ee
. tol
126.
1. Stem prostrate-trailing.
3. Rhizome short and blunt, max. 2 cm. long;
stipules of basal leaves with oblong-lanceolate
flat auricles; leaves small at anthesis.........---
{rd
canadensis
3. Rhizome irregularly enlarged, max. 8 cm. long;
stipules of basal leaves with linear-lanceolate
inrolling auricles; leaves expanded at anthesis.... P. simplex
(NOTE: These last two species look very similar in the field and on
herbarium sheets, and distinguishing characters cannot be fully trusted.)
Potentilla recta L. Five-finger
Java Farm & Ivy Neck, One station each: both on open, unshaded
roadsides. Higman 720.
P. norvegica L. Five-finger
Java Farm. One station at border of parking lot, main building area.
Hectare 2580.
Ivy Neck. One station: near old barn on south side of artificial
pond at source of Cheston Creek drainage. Hectare 4723. Associate
species: Ipomoea hederacea, Datura stramonium, Cyperus strigosus, Abutilon
theophrasti, Eleusine indica, Polygonum persicaria. Higman 932, 998.
P. canadensis L. Five-finger
Java Farm. One station: near old entrance gate. Hectare 2463.
Canopy of mature Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, Quercus velutina,
Liriodendron tulipifera, Carya tomentosa, etc. Higman 664.
P. simplex Michx. Five-finger
Java Farm. One station: along old Muddy Creek Road. Same
habitat as P. canadensis above. Hectare 2472. Higman 665.
Geum
Geum canadense Jacq.
Java Farm. Moderately abundant along new entrance road,
especially near culvert of Fox Creek drainage. Associate species:
Panicum clandestinum, Duchesnea indica, Agrimonia microcarpa , Lonicera
japonica. Site is partly shaded by Juglans nigra and Liquidambar
styraciflua. Continued next page.
“gittier
: taret a
i eo grolde isin- gaviet Lsesd) to estigtaa”
Mev egeveves p8kaodI05 38. iisae esvesi ‘gaatotae: yelt
gdol «mo 8 .xam Sbeaseins elislugox1i smostdd '.G,
Stelosonet-rssetl dtiv eevee! Leasd to solngitez
aa | ~nssetnodins ye Bbsbasgxe 2evaeol ae gacltose’
Te x
ga’ brett oft at telinte yrsv Fool esioege ow? jaal stodT Re
‘= eile ed) donpad exs2081e75 giidotugaiderb ‘bas eaosde myrxedsall ae
ie, |
gagnt sv 2 | vil 93283 188 Likes sua
Babadens rade no god done noktace sac jsoek yvi Fi) wer svat at —
om, ; - OSV memgth -eoblebsor / :
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Tcesabal genvbited atao ,jol antssse to dsbyod jn colasse sn0 sarsT evel, aS
a 0828 o1sigeH |
eats ant) oa vi
;
_ /Tazarthsys So obie-fisvoe Wo aisd diy tss0 ;
Buetdodus .EStt ersivoH .sgantsi) “ses ) goveslD Go sowvoe da Som,
te. ,.se80B79bSd suowogh vaslssge
bee ilmegy) ,moapneyte 231 tel ,sspexb
vefrestesed wanesciot .aokbal gutevets \Eieeseggeee
qyeantt-s9)% : of ahem abs aie - 2 ol
ileligtt am met aval.
ai atdvtsa 10 ie
“an
se exed3sH Silly Some7209 bio Ie!
ra :
om julay auggyi) adie Rua Tuy) atiotkbaars 8 y
it ‘foe noraifi 220 ,sso3gemO> avis) , 8735 ert ations nozbasoaks
yegnts-ovld
ease beak teox) ybbutt olo gnola inotiaia ono zat erat
208 pamatli \STAS statneH = .evods eTRBSSeRe> 4 as dstided
ey
poet sche ml ei
7 veh gaols tosbauds ylesetsbom > ast ovals
SietsonsA ,sgeciesb xoox? xod 20 Jsvivo: vane
WAT
Less frequent in forest north of Fox Creek marsh and in Muddy
Creek valley near old entrance road. Both areas have dense, mature
canopy and a dense ground layer of Lonicera japonica. Associate
species at both locations: Elephantopus carolinianus. Higman 184,
248, 830.
LEGUMINOSAE
1. Stamens completely separate. (monadelphous at base
in Amorpha).
2. Stamens inserted on the calyx.
3. Herbs; flowers yellow; petioles with 1 or
MOTEY GANA Seie cle laters referee oi elavkolede slatelshste steieteyaeiers elses Cassia
3. Trees; flowers white or pink; petioles without
basal glands.
4, Plants thorny. Expected (Gleditsia).
4. Plants thornless.
5. Leaves bipinnate, with ovate leaflets;
flowers white, not papilionaceous; legumes
thick and woody, 1 dm. or more in length.. Gymnocladus
5. Leaves simple, cordate; flowers pink,
papilionaceous, appearing before the
leaves; legumes not woody, approx.
D=I/ MCs VON Pic erevoisrereicl svelereleieic: siciecs err el sieraiee MOET CLS
2. Stamens inserted on the corolla.
6. Shrubs; sandy shoreline habitat; leaves
with 13 to 35 leaflets; corolla of 1 violet
petal; Legumest resin—dotteds..% «.cvsies sie sclsialetelsiele sn AMORpha
6. Herbs; inland habitat; leaves with 3
leaflets; corolla of 5 yellow petals
(papilionaceous); legumes not resinous.......... Baptisia
1. Stamens monadelphous or diadelphous. Herbs,
except Robinia. (Wisteria and Cytisus omitted).
RaeOUTMUOS |
usd de esodqlobanom) <94B78998 vistslqmoa enomste *
«(edgxon® be
x¢iso sft oo bstsssat. enometé a ;
| so 1 Hakw solotisg ;wolisy eiaoal sadroll tte aa
ai2ap ntl. heen - caney es evnbne lg S2Qmt
‘ankq Oo sildw arsvol? geosxT .t (hao
vebnetg feead | ee
tjiedakw eslokiod
Hh 5 . latest belo) bojoeqxa © .yurods atneld oh
x b b F > f
»peolaton2 etesld .& (0M
i
S| me 3 ,
ei davetinas stevo fiiw eisontgtd aaveal «.€ sh (UA
ris) ran eemugat neha plage ap 40H .o2tdw, axawolt ei
Pe amigiSonmayD ..Hiagest ni erom ro .mb ft yy tboow bns #otds ee
by | Ke
inky. ayeswolk ,92627109 ,elqmte eovesl .¢
. La
+ aHi aiotesd gate ggs evossnroll rqeg
i | .xorags ee roq esmugel jauveol
5
7
i
rs
. Bkoxa0 Pe a cca uensesyp aerate ae ghol .mo Yrt ee
aiboron edt no bsttaanl enemas? 8
seveol ;jsaididsd petiasce. ybase j;edwide a ee
¥etotv It In sifotos zesstisel cl of 4 djiw at
nileerguh, cd wteebenetraaer esas pibebactesy epnarget i tadaq
& dale ssveol ;3jetidad beatal edaeut .o
eipioq woifsy & to sifoxeo setoitsel
Mmbebiqee «+--+ ++-~ 9" vesa yon Bomgel ; (evospanotitqng)
: adie .auedqiobstb to auodgisbedom F
»(batiimo sual 1¥D bon cammmeell sundae 20mm |
4
ee eee
128,
7. Anthers of 2 forms; legume dehiscent. (Also,
stamens monadelphous). Expected (Lupinus) .—
7. Anthers uniform. (Stylosanthes has 2 forms but
legume is indehiscent).
8. Leaflets denticulate or serrulate.
9. Inflorescence a head; petals persistent
LT meiatallesteevevaneledaenerene leial silevenciellevelereNe! svorenayersiersroter ofelel eNom laren OM let can
9. Inflorescence a raceme or spike; petals
deciduous in fruit.
10. Legume straight; plant about 1 m.
EEULILS GH do OU dun OUSU Udo ooDG OD ododo dg welbblomns
10. Legume curved; plant (in species
collected) low and spreading............. Medicago
8. Leaflets entire.
11. Trees, thorny. (Also, 3 to 10 pairs of
WEAELCES))< ereret eieiers/ sists, eels isievare! sislicicyereee eater te eres RODEN a
11. Herbs, thornless.
12. Plant not a vine, without tendrils
nor twining. (2 species of Lespedeza
are prostrate and spreading).
13, Leaflets 5 or more, up to
approx. 25; legume dehiscent.
Expected (Aeschynomene, Tephrosia).
13. Leaflets 3; legume indehiscent.
14. Leaflets stipellate (with
appendages like stipules);
calyx 2-lipped; flowers
purple to pink; legume
AGHESAV Cis exclonensdenerete Halsisieieie(s sieloere DeSmodaum
14, Leaflets not stipellate;
calyx subequally 5-toothed;
flowers yellow or whitish;
legume not adhesive.
Oates
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.etatuxtse 20 § ssutuatsaab piettsad ‘8
a Gastakess4¢ wteteq: tbsan’ £ inioveanwheak: Rinwe
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yuna? at evoubloeb
jm 2 Qvods jaslq ,adgisxse ancuats ioe (
My
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Hpewestocness sQntbeszge bas wok {bsaioalios
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irae se es Fe ee * « «oe webensectasakipeat
vaso larodd eds
aitrbsass soodiiw ,saty 8 300 yrekt) SL
asebegest to e9tosge S$) «.gakokws 700
«Cgatbsszqe bea s2saiz0tg Sts
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-dneseliah smgel 72h .xoTqqR!
-(aleordgeT - asanmomydae eh) betosqxa
Ygascetdebot smvast ;£-ensitest Mab f
Ashu) stalieqitza esefised at
> (asiveite alti asgebooqgs
a axswolt spaygiI-S xeieo’
ere ibe. seugetl ;aniqvas alatug
“ptboaesd Bo Aiapecpenee'n» «ner smnnennes
yeteilegiia 708 ete lizset
rbaridoos-é, ylinupedie xyiao
ganas zo wolfsg &
you sauigel -
IAN
15. Flowers whitish with purple markings;
stamens diadelphous; calyx persistent
in fruit. (Some species have apetalous
FlowersWalliso MAR). sist Mii clelers teishe cMicttseelein. Lespedeza
15. Flowers yellow; stamens monadelphous (2
kinds of anthers); calyx deciduous in
ELUTE). 6 elleletereisleljeiescrseccsereerercveorseces otylosanthes
12, Plant a vine, trailing or twining, may have
tendrils.
16. Tendrils terminating the pinnate leaves;
He ake rs UOMO MOE le eireiesie! eneieleevelensisiors sleneiensieeie isha Cac:
16. Tendrils absent; leaves odd-pinnate, with 3
to 9 leaflets.
17. Leaflets usually 5 to 9, ovate-
PANCCOLAES. 6 is sie c viveiele oe eles ieee s slelsiaie's wieiee ADLOS
17. Leaflets 3.
18. Corolla yellow. Expected (Rhynchosia).
18. Corolla blue or purple to white.
19. Style not bearded.
20. Flowers both petaliferous and
apetalous, the latter attached
to roots; calyx of petaliferous
flowers without small bracts
at base of pedicel; calyx teeth
SuUbequal 2). 5 sieienciers cee eves, « shhevRMMEAMp ML Carpa
20. Flowers all petaliferous;
calyx with small bracts at
base of pedicels; calyx 2-
lipped, deeply cleft.
Expected (Pueraria).
19. Style bearded.
21. Style bearded at summit
around stigma. Expected
(Centrosema).
21. Style bearded along upper
surface,
Os ea oe hye ta,
Coe a PD isiarskewsl anuiese swottate atowert: ee
at evoubinsh xyla7 '; (axedsuts 40 abyra |
Peay as ge set bbecix sce sBobn tay es ye aemeS
we
Be i hs pee yao santakut xo gabitert'; aniv & 306th Peet
ce 5! " alivboss eae pi
; jaboket: wrcmite arnt gat vaanariey eliibyat 208 .
Bioil init w Cie s hub ae diab ee CRO, DO Of agiteal :
Euttte: .otenatg-boo aoiveol shantadiesehe
fe sajatiesl @ oF >
* -s3sr" 94 @ yifauey edelinet VL
WORGA cee se iene were e sd dee es. toy. 33a fos onns
.€ eisftnsd VVL ©
| an
(ekeorpardd) batgaqxt .wolLlsy AML eyes GST! se: a)
43tdw of slatvq so auld ehiord 73s
-bsbaasd gon oiys2 .ef i fe
f bow wuortstil ata, da0d axswol® .ON , z
mii. hefuasin yortel afd ,avofstsqe
7 id -
aboyvsiitinged to x4Ino_tetoo7_03
! moanzd If voistiw ayeawoli
43889 #¢ino featbea j6 Ses0 $A
GPRORMGMA 6 ede vk eae eee A BUpOCUE.. ee
B
sauoreikiaiag ifs erewold .OS 7 Sa
9k ad5nxd Flame daiw aviso , Bat
«fi xytso: pleslhseg 30 Seed ] : Be ae
ele yiqueb ,bagqtt
»(atszaresd) bs2zseqxa a}
behyasd siyst..!
Jimme Is bebised sivie 1S Adi
oir By <sagiza betvoith
° (gasgen aes) — Ly
neqqu gucle botesed siyse ys ye
o8tzpe
“ fl ; os 7 r
f ie 7 > a sane Hh a
130.
22. Flowers numerous in racemes or
panicles; keel spirally coiled........ Phaseolus
22. Flowers 1 to few in heads or short
racemes; keel curved but not spirally
coiled.
23. Flowers 4-6 cm. long. Expected
(Clitoria).
23. Flowers .6-2.5 cm. long. ( Also,
keel long and blackened; flowers
creamy with pink tinge; legume
Hine@ar, fLat ) iis. cececn es) ovis eis ef) SETOphOSbylles
Cassia fasciculata Michx. Partridge Pea
Java Farm. Infrequent along Fox Point Road. Associate species:
Daucus carota, Verbascum thapsus, Plantago major, Prunella vulgaris,
Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Erigeron canadensis.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent on tractor trails and field borders.
Higman 16.
Gymnocladus
Gymnocladus dioica (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffee-tree
Ivy Neck. One station: large tree by parking area, north of
entrance road. Hectare 4720. Probably cultivated. Higman 1047, 1053.
Cercis
Cercis canadensis L. Redbud
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in forest of central Scaffold Peninsula.
Canopy of Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Nyssa sylvatica, Liriodendron
tulipifera, Carya tomentosa, etc. Understory includes Rhus typhina.
Higman 595.
_ Amorpha
Amorpha fruticosa L. False Indigo
Ivy Neck. Infrequent along landward margin of sandy beach, at shore
of Rhode River. Associate species: Baccharis halimifolia. Higman 1063.
attoo
aptly Pd he 7 Ls ite pee ; ee
besosaet wie tas ey extra's : £8 - ‘Eonar
‘" ah (eksot EI) av eee
<oatA ) (gar io 2843.) etawolt ae ay Ck Gh,
@reuol) ;bemsdosid brs gnol Ise Chie
emuge! ;agat) Antq dalw yaoi = Bie}.
Demakeoaveveveeeseveret 3EL2 iy xeon i ee 8 a ; oe
net Ssghiyiset zo lM xsluoioest sid
“ reatoaae eaatacash bso!) tatol xot gaola tnaupsyial are t> ‘aval
Bdlgoust ,sofem ogagmasd ,suegsn? | gooasdreav ystome> 3
-ahemebsaso poxogtss shlottbetmesxs 3180
= sezebsod bist? bnew elteatt toJosx3 Ac jroupstic! .#9948 wT a
Ve | 8! negyel
i 7 : I neggth |
a eubsloontnd
ris... Bets-9g1209 wloudnat dood «2 Cd) gotokh subsloon “a
q - ae to diten ,seavs anidrsg yd sexi sgtel potssi7e 9nd stsel xvt
Mee weet 2000t cematli .botavtiiuo yidsdort JOST) erajcoH .baov soaswias
q ats399 :
pe, budhbead a ol siene 7a bates so aromas
ont get a fel
| Aebtrent co biditese Letinss to Jasyved at tnaupsrint
BY .sottavive sosy4 ,entiutey susiaup ,adis sudzeul) t¢ gonad
eu asbulont yrosersbav « .o39 peoInomO) ByIs. .Hrotk mn:
1202 noah |)
efigqzons
aoetaag seiet
vhase 2o akgiam brewbast winite josupsziql ©
otatoozeA _
spblehinkind staalgpes :estooge
SHES
Baptisia
Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Vr. Wild Indigo
Java Farm. One station: Fox Point, at end of road. Hectare 3558.
Canopy of mature Quercus prinus, Quercus alba. Associate species: Liatris
graminifolia. Higman 431.
Trifolium
1. Flowers sessile in head.
2. Heads cylindric, not subtended by opposite
leaves; flowers pale gray; calyx long-villous...... T. arvense
2. Heads subglobose, subtended by opposite leaves;
flowers pink or reddish; calyx densely short-
PLLOSE. ce crecrcacorererevecerverescesseeseceevceers Le Pratense
1. Flowers pedicellate in head.
3. Flowers yellow, becoming brown with age............ TI. procumbens
3. Flowers white to reddish-pink.
4. Stems repent or creeping, the peduncles
ascending; flowers white......sscscceceecoeseees Le repens
4. Stems erect or ascending; flowers pink or
LEddISh. wc ecccenvccrosevsesvvcccreesvevcceresees Le hybridum
Trifolium arvense L. Rabbit-foot Clover
Ivy Neck. Infrequent along tractor trail beside grassy abandoned
field. Associate species: Hypericum perforatum, Festuca elatior,
Trifolium hybridum, Rudbeckia serotina. Higman 813.
T. pratense L. Red Clover
Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in central part of grassy abandoned
field. Associate species: Trifolium hybridum, Verbascum blatteria,
Oenothera fruticosa. Higman 545, 695.
T. pratense, var. sativum (Mill.) Schreb.
Java Farm. Infrequent along new entrance road. Associate species:
Vicia sativa, Melilotus alba. Higman 203.
eu
ey
th ae as Pe ee net erase aoe
Cebaea
Sdatsoecs F ad is heacaaed Bi RLS piney aneee.
ete, names Sk.
need.
sa rr Eon nil alkeeas. exovol
ee) oste esqqo ye Sshastdee Joo siibabies absall Bo
. Senevirs WD onc. vequoitty-snol xvfao jyexg afeq stawoll, e9vegt
= wane a
; seavesl etieoggo, yd babnotdve seodoind ve\ebsast Se
ae Ajyvoda ylaenab xyes jderbbas +0 ee suswol?
0 ee eR als speoltg —
A . : yi ny 7 ; = oe
Be MeeemOIGTG «Lovee reese ee e8Qe div nword gatmoosd ,wolley aiswelt Se
ae dniqedaibbes oF oiidyw airewolt By
} fy" Py eslanybsq oto ,aniqesi9-1G snoegeTd an 32 48. She
va MEE eT ves di hverniversersceee sSSthy BIOWDL rantbueges? — i’
f > ; ¢ ae “re «- - . - + i -
ie 6 dntaq axawol? ranthesoes To 19379 pars Je | ~ i
ia (ee a echt eeae eee chseetive ares ; .dalbbsr - a: |
Penouseda yetetg sbieod [tsa fon7y gaele Jqeupsaial oan. yet a
eaeAIBLS Boutadl .guiiesoives gs a eotosgqa SiahooeeA ~ bios a
ETE ct enttoigs sidosdbud ,mubladyd mui boeeee
he’ Paver? bat ic} Sone Cart sana
beavbrieds Waeetg to Ivaq istingo st jmsbnuds ylorsteboM fost yi
peidetseld museed32) ~aybraded milotizt seetzeqe sJekooeeA +blobt
280 ebe agmgili .ggonktes? . z
,dewio2d f. LLEM) mow. muh apa, pee .
SjelsoneA .beor somgasrs wen sirole jnsupstial
wins E “E08 neagth elie as
132.
T. procumbens L. Hop Clover
Java Farm. One station: south-facing slope adjacent north border,
overlooking meadow. Hectare 2458. Open canopy of Pyrus malus, Robinia
pseudoacacia, Liriodendron tulipifera. Fairly dense Rhus radicans
and Lonicera japonica. Higman 1119.
T. repens L. White Clover
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant along old entrance
road and road to springhouse. Higman 673, 705, 706.
T. hybridum L. Alsike Clover
Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in grassy abandoned field. Associated
with T. pratense above. Higman 687, 689, 817.
Melilotus
He Petals yellows. ccccrsescecivcrsccisveergesivceccrscvocee Mo Officimalis
We Petal sownlte se cdcccese cscs se clogecee cipiieesiceie wee scene Me alba
Melilotus officinalis (L) Lam. Yellow Sweet Clover
Java Farm. Moderately abundant around main buildings and along
sunny roadsides.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent, around farm buildings. Higman 511, 700.
M. alba Desr. White Sweet Clover
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Same habitat as M. officinalis above;
somewhat more abundant. Associate species: Cirsium discolor, Osclepias
syriaca, Verbascum thapsus. Higman 361.
Medicago
Medicago lupulina L. Black Medick
Java Farm. One station: weedy lawn beside parking area at main
buildings. Hectare 2580. Associate species: Melilotus alba. Higman 701.
- somes30 bilo groks ee ieiaci yvlstersbor os jnoupsxtal errs rae
oot eeOy EXO osagia ,sauedgakiges of beer bas: oa
“xvod exiozé | HN Tet eam “3 eae coo
piss benobneds yeasts ak sasbauds vinsbiabol.” 50H ort
POP 082 {80 aamgih ~ .éveds ganaJE3g = day. wi)
hs fa aujoltioM
cr
; y wey!) jaawe, wolleY aed GD) <stusiatiee a8 FE. [
r wig * Bpslebns agntotted ute Novorwe snsburds yledszebow acai eae "s |
aan . eabkebsot yams (ome
c MOOt . fic mamgiH segaiblted «xsi ance _ineupasbal staat a a
; BP aoward sovue o32ew a ey sine
Feinds ahisninitia .M es jaiidedt eas? .lnot vd bee onset svet Dt
faykD testoeqe shantsossA .tnsbaece stom sexwomae.
| 86 némgih .aueqed? mugeeeiey er
ogsotist
ptbeN. Josie | , J sik Suout,
(38 Bete gntdteq sbiasd awal- ybaoy ‘aotzate. 900 wars oval:
-* autoltisH zeolseqe gjatooeeA OGLE 307408 »
Cli
"
a ii es
US}ie
Robinia pseudoacacia L. Black Locust,
Yellow Locust (L)
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant in
old fields and immature forest, often associated with Liquidambar
styraciflua. Absent to infrequent in mature hardwood forest. Formerly
cultivated at Java Farm, on south- and west-facing slopes overlooking
meadow. Higman 264, 696, 1046.
Desmodium
1. Stamens monadelphous; stipe of loment (legume)
equal to or exceeding the pedicel, more than 3
times as long as calyx.
2. Inflorescences axillary and terminal; flowers
white. Expected (D. pauciflorum).
2. Inflorescences terminal only; flowers rose to
purple. (Also, flowering stem leafless or
nearly so).
3. Flowering stem leafless at base; leaves at
apex of a sterile stem. Expected
(D. nudfilorum).
3. Flowering stem arising from a basal whorl
OIE JSENV ORG FG COICO O DIDO OO OG Colao ccesccoeceesees D. glutinosum
1. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1); stipe of loment
shorter than the pedicel, not over twice as long
as calyx.
4, Stipules ovate-attenuate, cordate at base,
conspicuous. Expected (D. ochroleucum, D. canescens).
4. Stipules linear to lance-ovate-attenuate, often
deciduous.
5. Loments with 1 to 3 articles. (Also, flowers
not longer than 6 mm.; bracts not longer than
3 mm.) Expected (D. rigidum, D. ciliare, D. marilandicum).
5. Loments with 4 or more articles (occasionally
only 3).
6. Leaflets linear-lanceolate to lance-ovate,
not ciliate, nearly glabrous; stem glabrous
Che MOAT. On clon ano COU. Odo UiEDUUO OCOD eoeeee D. paniculatum
6. Leaflets rhombic to ovate, ciliate,
pilose on both surfaces; stem puberulent
and/or pilose.
ee ne oo "
O80L do «808 comgth
mutie bomestl
ako a. (emugel) Snemol to Sqi3e, ;avodgLabanom anne
'"¢ esis atom ,teotbeq edz gal bbasaxs zo of feuPe tia
a iar xytso 2a gaol as aomkd
lantored bee ere ihen easpasestol tol; ee
arawolyt .:
. (ror xo Li koveg D | besa eh. 93 ite
Pe) i. od BeoT arswo svieo Larios eeonssesr0ltal ee i
: mm ao eesites! maga qaksswald ,oelh) - aiqrug
j : ‘
re : (oe yvirsenr © - aa
{ vei fic ‘ : ae raf
aoe 46. ssvaol ;eeed Je seafinal mate gobrawald .€, 2
y hejosqse .msce sligaze = To nage
“f sourrol tibea mes)
me txode Isaed 3 most gee alis mote gutravola”.t° " .
a. ONT 22S ns ee ie a ae x UN ene ee ig See hy =
a oe
, snomol- to sqite ; (1 bas 2) eucdgtisbatp ncoppse a
ghost as acivd 1970 Joa ,lesthay ait oeta yetzxede 7:
ie *viBn- BB). came
at ai ' A
: saad Js siabtos ,Ssi3sunsJIbesJpve se luaked a)
7 e(agasesns> «0 ,gususiouios betosqmm » waHoud EAReO, mo
Wesi0 ,S3euNs3In-a3evo-s0nsl on, seoatt axluatss st
-eunubrosh
ra fy
#Yencil ,ouls ealoisre & of L dabwisteemms <
nsGs ‘eg ae jon edoerd +.mm o odd, aeygnol 209
Miiethoalites .@ .2iet!)) .@ suniaiz .0) bassequt | (om: pia
ci tbiblaaites) esfoisire s1om,30 & daw eiaggal, a
aff & Ino | ‘j ete
satevo-e2008L, 05 sigiospani-meats aselieed. 3
a Sucrdsia. wreggeuosdalg ylaeen .nsebiio Fon, me 4
| et ae. “ft
he
wr. «taskizo 3305 o aidwods |
\ anpaaet o mie yeaos dave bea
134.
7. Venation of leaflets conspicuously
reticulate.
8. Flowers 6.5-13.5 mm. long; primary
bracts up to 12 mm. long; loments
sessile or nearly SO......sceeeeeeeeeee De Canadense
8. Flowers and bracts smaller; loments
on stipes.
9. Leaflets tomentose beneath, velvety
to touch, pilose above. Expected
(D. viridiflorum).
9. Leaflets appressed-pilose on both ;
SUTFACES. cee eee veescccesscccsevees De glabellum
7. Venation of leaflets inconspicuous.
10. Plant prostrate. (Also, stipules
ovate- to lance-attenuate).
Expected (D. humifusum).
10, Plant erect. (Also, stipules linear-
to tlance-attenuate)in. JIS aes oc) +s) De perplexum
Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl.) Wood Tick Trefoil
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant along old entrance
road. Canopy of mature Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, Liriodendron
tulipifera, etc. Associate species: Agrimonia microcarpa, Lactuca
floridana var. villosa, Eupatorium purpureum, Elephantopus carolinianus,
Smilacina racemosa, Tovara virginiana, Dentaria laciniata, etc.
Higman 34, 36.
D. paniculatum (L.) DC. Tick Trefoil
Java Farm. Infrequent along old entrance road. Associated
with D. glutinosum above. Higman 33.
D. canadense (L.) DC. Tick Trefoil
Java Farm. Infrequent along old entrance road. Associated
with D. glutinosum above. Higman 40.
D. glabellum (Michx.) DC. Tick Trefoil
Java Farm. Infrequent along old entrance road. Associated
with D. glutinosum above. Higman 39.
‘ 1 eater hy C0128 estat nae
| sai go -S ios qi esowed. oi
“4 e esas nee. behaves ¥0. siteese ”
ednemot ay yale ee ‘bus ayouers! eh
. «Bogie m6
ae ei! sent 3 embaed sxZosneno2 etaliuet’ se) : anes
eee Ye ss bagosyet: ‘wavods ‘saolkg over oFe. os!
: d aaa ; (myo Saebeeky 9) se
ftod ro szoliq-beassuaga
we? : a
" aglinssse = sa Lae lela ima Mairi ata -
a ae gseitest “20 pokgnmey
asfontza ,oeiA): sedsydaorg Snel? UE
+ (Steunsatys-Sa0el of% —stsvo ia
(SMa s(oventimped .0) bstoeqxa - iy | a
i= (suet tmpsl «1 j ae i
a Z ; ae \
. eo ovegpatl paduqtzas ,oefA) .tsats. trelt of J
Re emt aree 40. ese) eee bi ees (9dnunstyaqaonEl OF
ss Atoles?T aAakt boow (.JhuM) guscntsuls na hbotiaed =
in TSeasuene bio grola joshbuuds ylsjaxshom o- thaupestint rst syvsl &
a! ae ~pdis guots.() ,atlotthaszs -auget siutam to yqons0 | Beem
S2eI9—) ,squnc0t te BinomivsA iastosge sjatooreA 93a ,a785 oh
eeuaeiatiove: sugotesige!s ,mexugiug mulsojeusd ,peolliy 3%
Me) «994 .wdpinize! sicsioed ,sqetatgrty syeyor
mY fiatarT doit Pe: |
hessisoeeA ,baor Siunetins bio xsocls Inoupaatat 187 ‘eval
€€ cemgtt .sirhda meontzoip -s 0 date,
LiojesT 4orT ima k a “oH BRED, a
BevatooaeA .bsot sonatas bio geols saeupst3al eae aval
+08 nihing ht -ovodn mpeomtjuts ;
‘DketexT ott ia,
beastooaeA .betr soastses blo’gnols’ sxsupeyd
a. LAG Taam 2 asmgit vevods.
we
ALS}5)c
D._perplexum Schub. ; Tick Trefoil
(not in Britton and Brown)
Java Farm. One station in large field south of old entrance
road and east of road to springhouse. Hectare 3419. Rhus radicans
and Solidago altissima dominate. Associate species: Lespedeza cuneata,
Eupatorium serotinum, Cyperus strigosus, Clematis virginiana, Daucus
carota.
Ivy Neck. One station in fallow field between entrance road and
Scaffold Creek drainage. Hectare 4668. Associate species: Setaria
lutescens, Eupatorium serotinum, Echinochloa pungens, Strophostyles
umbellata. Higman 119, 834.
Lespedeza
1.Stipules and bracts broad and scarious; calyx lobes
broad; annuals. (Stem prostrate in species
collected).
2.Flowers and fruits in tiny axillary clusters.
Expected (L. striata).
2.Flowers and fruits in long, bracted spiciform
LACEMES + ve eseeesscvccrrcscseecccreccscrevccescscecees Le Stipulacea
1.Stipules and bracts narrow to awl-shaped; calyx lobes
Narrow; perennials.
3.Petaliferous flowers in racemes or panicles; apetalous
ones present; calyx shorter than the legume,
flowers violet.
4.Peduncles of petaliferous flowers 2 to 4
times as long as the subtending leaves.
5.Stems erect or ascending. Expected
(L. violacea).
5.Stems prostrate, spreading.
6.Stems and leaflets densely pubescent........... L. procumbens
6.Stems and leaflets glabrous or nearly so....... L. repens
4,.Peduncles of petaliferous flowers equal to or
shorter than the subtending leaves. Expected
(L. nuttallii, L. virginica, L. intermedia).
20 Hivoe aN seit ae daksane ses sorrel svat.
(Qik ex3088 “\sezoleniyqe ot ‘beot to dese Bas]
laaboiqe siatooees .atantmob ‘gateali is :
see jpenoalzan, a4 eeeeso cs een
~
heey ete ‘neowisd ere woifiet at woes SA0 : ‘loot ert
leadoage S3aiooeeA ,Sa0% 9183990 | agentetb. daexd bie
ams poliisomidad imnkioxse subyotsqul, 22
; DES , CEL aeogth 4B
nadol xyiso javotracs bas bsord #20574 bas astug baie te
gatosqe st stsydsoxq ma3@) -etauans rbsord” Me
Abstoeilos
‘aqugevis vxallixs yaid nk adivy? dae eyewolt, Lay
»(sjaixta, 2)! hovoeqxa
th 1) a a = motiotqe bedos7td jgnol nl etivtt ons axswolt.S
re 1" Bapelug) ou, od a ce ih ces hbaeasescesscnsebenaeeneyes sini Nee sp memnenen a:
a gadal svieo ;hecede-Iwe o2 woTTes ajosit6 bie eainakie ot ae
¥ ee eisinne ted rwormsa |
-palotang x0 Sensost al exewoll svorsbetateaue ee
,amugel sia-aedd tes 1ode xyine. pieeessq Bend) 0 oe
a
etoty exewpl® Loe
¥
: guolasege
sswol? puotettietveg to esloaubed.h-
gnibsaidue sii es gaol 88 sonra
i &
bstosqxd «0 -palbresss 30 35879 “ama 7e,e
-(aazetoby +d)
gaibes3zde 970728079 emote 5 im
ewe eA wre ev sess dagoRodug qisensh eisites! bas amends «8
ak
: (989997 rd meenge 08 yvitsen 10 sEOSSMD sseiinel ban eus38.3 |
a9 03 Poe a soeat, evoisitisasg. to
oe .28785. gnibassdua r
(pibemgpsat «2 +! ct
136.
3. Petaliferous flowers in heads, spikes, or
axillary racemes; apetalous ones absent
(except in L. cuneata, in which the calyx equals
the legume); flowers white with purple markings.
7. Inflorescences at summit of stems and branches;
calyx very pilose. Expected (L. capitata, L. hirta).
7. Inflorescences axillary along erect branches;
calyx nearly glabrous.....-...0.%.. Siler epele sleveiere vo uigecuneata
Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim. Bush Clover
Ivy Neck. One station: on dirt road leading to abandoned wheat
field. Also old house by tobacco barn. Higman 1022. Hectares 4658, 4740.
L. procumbens Michx. Bush Clover
Java Farm. One station: level bank above upper Fox Creek; open
area dominated by Rubus spp. and Tripsacum dactyloides. Higman 323.
Hectare 2593.
L. repens (L.) Bart. Bush Clover
Java Farm. One station: south-facing slope adjacent north
boundary, overlooking meadow. Open canopy of Pyrus malus, Liriodendron
tulipifera, and Robinia pseudoacacia. Dense ground cover of
Lonicera japonica and Rhus radicans except in a few spots like this
station. Higman 163. Hectare 2459.
L. cuneata (Dumont) G. Don Bush Clover
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields
dominated by Rubus spp., Solidago altissima, Campsis radicans, Lonicera
japonica, Rhus radicans, etc. Higman 123, 372.
Stylosanthes
Stylosanthes biflora (L.) BSP. Pencil-flower
Java Farm. Collected by H. David Hammond.
Vicia
1. Peduncle very short or wanting. (Also, flowers
purple).
2. Flower 1.8-3 cm. long; mature legumes brown,
ESTES ei hisbiGdicioiciordieDsGIo 6 CIUIOI COG CceCLOIG CiGiCW) CcvoLoN io exersien Vem aetvia
2. Flower 1-1.8 cm. long; mature legumes black,
Somewhat Wlatt ened cieyete wlete clololeteselelete ereletelere eel cvelerevale V. angustifolia
ON a Ss fe ey
a hatopys reeotig ray i:
ernie assasaaneoriet
,ancideln viteen *xYLSO -
wine seoalal2e tat ag
Pls OS ‘gutbest bacr 21i6 ‘no rekibe Sav aati wi.
igexs7 ao! Scol agmpth rind cooMoed yd sever bic” cela’ Ne
geval) veut 2 dott srigdm 2030 wl
_aqo: heen wot 4G! esyode fond evel snorspde anv ee eke avol Jan se
pew Wma hh. .g2i) be. vinab misnagiaT bas. . 498 andui, yd betaatmol Boxe?
| “ERLE erasoae
savgho euwl : : a) Bia.
, A> — ea
ee eon Pe 240 yoios tno tsobtaje” sav rst. svat
» wea wobrom antioolievo {VIsbaged
I *% TEES bi 26280RUSEL eS — bss (Seat igs ius
e n . ae0tD ch] yrnd'? era
i bets Reet itoqu wat p ot Iqecx enpotbas audi Due ablneget SxS33 ae
,02a8 ststosli, .£ at renin © re,
ay mvolD. ied ‘ot 2 (yhomvd) edeeguay wee
gbietl bio al -dxet riz: aja 1pbe mwpsxtnt fou" pyel 5
* mason! sBithothas eiegus” eeeuary — opebiles ,+49% apaek yo hasantmob=
oat $f { .929 ,Bomdibaxy aude Sok HOgs MD
- n a=
sii oesol73e
a
? ; ; SS oe! 5
928 (nl) sroltid esdogeol (ee ie
si ,H-yd batosiiod ia1s% evel
eat" Powe
—eiswoli ,orta)
i
mega. esmupet sauces jaol -.a9 ) eB,
Pewee a babartserceh or. s* ©) rippers ssa nah see,
oeie Somme. sruriiia gt.
Ipaca peak Seb WO es Lh eh - von a Stine rene
F
s
137.
1. Peduncle equal to or longer than the leaflets.
3. Flowers 1 to 8, 3-8 mm. long.
4. Legume beakless, not oblique........esseeseeeees Ve. tetrasperma
4, Legume beaked, oblique at the tip.
Expected (V. hirsuta).
3. Flowers 3 to 40 or more, .8 - 2 cm. long
(if less than 8 in number, then 1.5-2 cm. long).
5. Calyx teeth deltoid; flowers scattered in
racemes. Expected (V. caroliniana).
5. Calyx teeth lance-attenuate to linear;
flowers strongly overlapping.
6. Plant glabrous or appressed-pilose.
Expected (V. dasycarpa).
6. Plant villous, the lower calyx teeth
CLLLACC. cece eee eee erececcereccccesccseseeees Ve Villosa
Vicia sativa L. Vetch
Java Farm. Infrequent along new entrance road. Associate species:
Melilotus alba, Trifolium pratense, Lepidium campestre, Ranunculus
bulbosus. Higman 635.
V. angustifolia Reichard Vetch
Java Farm. Infrequent along old entrance road, near main
building area. Lonicera japonica and Rhus radicans dominant.
Higman 1165.
V. tetrasperma (L) Moench. Vetch
Java Farm. Infrequent along old entrance road, near main
building area. Higman 1166.
V. villosa Roth, var. glabrescens
(variety not in Britton and Brown) Vetch
Ivy Neck. One station in grassy field near parking area and old
house. Hectare 4720. Higman 719.
Java Farm. One station beside entrance road. Higman 1246.
ot Eo be 2 Aa Lote
Be youl 4 gnesidsed | sugod a
neg
ah aie gta add 26 suptide |, padasd emvaat e a
(aduaats Or adda eck
andl «ma S - 8. ,sxom to O08 o3 € ex9wolt =
s(gnol .m> $-t.1 aed? ,yedmun mL 8 nadt-seat 3B) if
wt bereigsse eyowolt «bioates djeot: rete’ 2
.(smetniiows .¥) bsisequa -asaasgt
ee . -yesnkl o3 sieunetis-sonel dtosa xyled nee x
ae sl .gatqqalievo ylgnotsa erowolt = Ele
_— _pholto-beeserzqas 16 auetdglg.jasld .9
; shemek Atk Resae : hee
- (egreoyash .V) bassequt ey
44947 xvia9 xewol ana ,evolliv. ansl® «0
a, ik. 4 ASCO ee oa on dimelein 9.5.0 0.40 9 aa eae ‘ .
a foaey i aviiee BE
7 teshooqe SeetezoezA ,baor Sosnisns won anc ia. Jnsuparial smrys4 pyel ce ps
os, SuTuonuos® ,Stieagve. jywik! thtgal ,sesodazo muktoite? ,sdis suzolk
ee a .c£3 asmgih ,eiteogs
mee: 7
iaits¥ ~ bradoisd ablotizausna 1
» is “4 giom icad ,beor sxnexias blo gaois ‘gesupssink .mrst ‘pyat
<dopnimob acsothe: avd bas aotmoge} szsQiged -Bemé ae
; seals neural
dptev -dpaa0m (2), smspqent3e3 Ba i
item seen | bso~ sonetioa bio gnols jeaypextal suse evel 7 r
.J0ff mamgiH .se7s actin 7
= emsgeordels -18¥ ‘30, Sut
me dotev (awoxd bas wos3iwet ok ton
a eee tssa bLeit saad at cottess
Saal a
: naa ao, sooeriee abies &
‘
138.
Apios
Apios americana Medic. Wild Bean,
Ground-nut
Java Farm. One station: salt marsh along tidal portion of
Muddy Creek, upstream from Hog Island marsh. Hectare 3540. Associate
species: Spartina alterniflora, Pluchea camphorata, Kosteletzkya
virginica. Higman 283.
Amphicarpa
Amphicarpa bracteata (L) Fern. Hog Peanut
Java Farm. Infrequent along banks of Muddy Creek (fresh-water).
Canopy of Fraxinus americana; understory of Lindera benzoin.
Higman 92, 1044.
Phaseolus
Phaseolus polystachios (L) BSP. Wild Bean
Java Farm. One station: valley of Muddy Creek, upstream from
culvert at old entrance road, near Phalaris arundinacea meadow.
Hectare 2467. Canopy of Platanus occidentalis, Fagus grandifolia,
Quercus alba. Understery of Lindera benzoin. Ground layer of Lonicera
japonica. Higman 178.
Strophostyles
1. Principal leaflets ovate, may be somewhat 3-lobed,
acuminate; stem glabrous or spreading-pilose.......... S- helvola
1. Principal leaflets very narrowly ovate, unlobed;
stem retrorsely pilose for 1-2 dm. back from tip only.
Seda cece cece cesses ccesceecesccsscrscescessessscecess oe umbellata
Strophostyles helvola (L) Ell. Wild Bean
Ivy Neck. Infrequent on sand bars and beaches at the Rhode River
shore of Cheston Peninsula. Associate species: Cenchrus tribuloides,
Spartina alterniflora. Higman 1014.
S. umbellata (Muhl.) Britt. Wild Bean
Ivy Neck. One station: fallow field between entrance road and
forested valley of Scaffold Creek drainage. Hectare 4668. Associate
species: Desmodium perplexum, Echinochloa pungens, Eupatorium
serotinum, Setaria lutescens. Higman 1116.
$¥oq Iebl? guolp dewast slae : aatinee an0
Ob2E sse299H nied roa po! mos} msasizaquy
~ptarod godoutt godout’ .gxollanred ts grsisae
~E8S ied ‘3
jaxat GD si s220exd
‘Shase4 gol -
hasdae-des?) daesd yobuM 4b edinad gools jneupsTial- mre’ aval | oa
= szebail iJ
mee oe A
aulossgsit x
428 (J). a0bdos? exiog autos ont
@orl maotiequ .ioes0 ybbuM io yollav tcohiste Sat paeakd svel
swobuam naomi base styetedd ised ,b802 2sasi3o5 220 34 sursy lua -
Leitbsns » suget i ,atleimabtaoo auesislt to yqoned .104S ene
Bregkuos to yoyel bnuoiw? -arosmod ersbatt 1 to “grotersbau vedis
; = BV E aeirgth a) ae
neat bLLW
=
Sei fyjsorgot 13¢
sieve etelisel Isehsalye a
,badoi-f aerwomos ad yao
ssdanimuos | Rs
, enoliqugatbserqs 36 evotdsig meig-
sbadoinu
iso gti sori Joad
spablode MB Sigwaeconnvananere? err
nest bil’
sevish sborfi of3 26 vedossd bore -esad basa a0 sosupartiat
Tibbs Soe sasiosqa atstooaeA pty
; ,PLOL apagtht -
ab $-I 10? seoltg ylserorisT ms38
sdaew ates peepee sem (aR fre
a
,atavo viworiss YISv ejolisst Leqtombrhgek
io yrotetsbay ,smBDiwome auntnet. to cecal
ign reeled otceatl
139.
OXALIDACEAE
Oxalis
1. Plant stemless, the leaves and scapes basal; petals
purple or white. Expected (0. violacea).
1. Plant with leafy stem; petals yellow.
2. Petals 12-18 mm. long. Expected (0. grandis).
2. Petals 5-11 mm. long.
3. Stems prostrate, rooting at the node; stipules
broad, brownish. Expected (0. corniculata).
3. Stems ascending, not rooting above the base;
stipules narrow or wanting.
4. Fruiting pedicels straight, erect or
ascending. Expected (0. europaea).
4, Fruiting pedicels deflexed, the capsules
erect.
5. Lower internodes of flowering stems
glabrous or strigose; styles 1-2 mn.
long.
6. Capsule densely puberulent, 15-25
MM. LONG. .ccereeeeeeeeceeeeeceeseeeesess O. Stricta
6. Capsule glabrous or remotely pilose,
8-12 mm. Long...cccrecccescccsecccceese Of filipes
5. Lower internodes spreading pilose;
styles 3-4 mm. long.......secceecceccseess O«. florida
Oxalis stricta L. Wood Sorrel, Sheep Sorrel
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields.
Higman 760.
O. filipes Small Wood Sorrel, Sheep Sorrel
(combined with 0. stricta in Britton and Brown)
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant in
old fields; infrequent in open forest. Higman 171, 390, 396, 1115.
0. florida Salisb. Wood Sorrel, Sheep Sorrel
(combined with 0. stricta in Britton and Brown)
Java Farm. One station: side of ravine, of tributary to tidal
portion of Muddy Creek. Hectare 3437. Canopy of Juglans nigra, Fagus
grandifolia, Quercus alba, Quercus velutina. Higman 718.
“s(gengloiy .0) betasqxl, seatkdw:
swolloy aleisg ene ‘aest dsiw
| “ethansa or Ssjositl a) not sat Bioeth: etnsod +S
van ‘vf ie alate’
selugise -obow oft ga gatzooy poe Genes hae
(Edatup tron »O) bs I92qan daiawoud jbeord 9
53 Zan ssead 5n2 avods git 450% TOR _gatbnooes’ “ames | SES ; es
; guijnew 16 worren eelogiza | ~
ne a
so doass ,ingiaste-elesibeq galszuxash 7) ee
«(ggagoxvs .0) betosyxt ,anbbasses ie
,beagiteb eisatbsq gatdinw * = (oo
ai
astiagas
_— =
i) ’ pmsta gnizswoli jo ashonxstat rewod:{4b caeoe
y an vom Saf selyde psacgiszse yo euordels
> varat ; va
7 Sucl ,vostwisdeq yleenab siueqed 8 a
DOMMMENER AD shady ienevne sc tcrwcsre eer seees B04 avn >
-oseitq yisjomexy to ayordsla sluegs? .a 2 2
eles
a PMR OD tec re sevrseccecer rec enes yQHOL yitin
-szoliq gukbsexqe e#boat93at sawol .¢
aa hi OS) 3 ae mm A+f padyde 2 (eng
i Layee eae
foxrxe2 booW J atotxae skieg0 =
ae o 4+ gi25s3 — >
eablari bia ot ganbauce ‘letersbom 63 Jgsupsa%sl | atet ‘svat
085 aamghll
“qeadé ,Lov102 bool! : i fme gagks
fowoxh bag sag dist gt EES Eh ra disiv
ae vigsassbom of Imsupeaint sot et ite ores
stese ,90C OPE ,IN I mnorgth .Jes70) ago mE a il
(sir bas poaaiae ot ab 0 ff pes a
140.
GERANIACEAE
Geranium
1. Leaves .5-1.5 dm. wide, glabrous; rhizome at base
of stem; petals much exceeding calyx; beak of mature
style-column up to 2-3 cm. long....seeesccsscccceeeeee G. maculatum
1. Leaves not over .5 dm. wide, hirsute above, hirsute
on nerves below; rhizome absent, taproots present;
petals about equalling calyx; beak of mature style-
column 1-2 mm. LONZ....cceeeesccececreeceeevecccecceee G Carolinianum
Geranium maculatum L. Wild Geraniun,
Crane's—bill
Java Farm. Infrequent; along old entrance road under mature
canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba. Higman 625.
G. carolinianum L. Wild Geranium,
Crane's-bill
Java Farm. One station in open, grassy triangle before entrance
gate. Hectare 2463. Associate species: Ranunculus bulbosus, Duchesnea
indica, Fragaria virginiana, Cyperus strigosus. Higman 642.
SIMAROUBACEAE
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle Tree of Heaven
Java Farm. One station in old field, approximate hectare 3508.
Rhus radicans abundant. Higman 1238.
EUPHORBIACEAE
1. Flowers with a calyx, not in a calyx-like involucre.
2. Stamens 2 or 3; styles simple. Expected
(Phyllanthus).
2. Stamens 5 to many; styles divided.
3. Pubescence of branched or stellate hairs.
Expected (Croton, Crotonopsis).
3. Pubescence of simple hairs or absent. (Also,
flowers monoecious, the staminate ones very
small, in spikes; stamens 8 to 16; pistillate
flowers at the base of the spikes; styles 3,
themstipgmas (cut=tringed «redo. ie.cciecee cesses ACalypha
otuertd - .evods ahiests ie ab e “18ve. 4on aan
“gamaag aJoe1gs3 \ tasads smosidy wGlad Aaa ie
i ~gi¢ie siuinm to deed txylso aniiieupa teods alsjaq”
l Pe Baas apes ea gtas hey sewemes 1s Cp hne Oye Biihs vinar SL 6
_eauteensd iw ; 7 madelucer
iikd=e' ene1o = ag
Syutem wba beox socetins blo gnols :deeupssinl . mest avn
6280 gempl sedis suoroy) .6t Lohboona. augst io one
a ‘estrenss)- BLEW a ai musica a
= fttd-s' ane
Lidgndiide oxotsd sixastsa yneste .9qe nt soijtate on0 ak au
ae geneodoul gueodiud sulyonuaei restosqe oteloozes .£0AS s16329H
yo . Abe piemgih .aveogitze evreqy) ,sietotarty SoBe
HATOARUOWANTS
atl? faveaeh in. se7T slgtiwe (TLE) smteatiie esuiioel el ,
:: PeSO2E sxstoed atemixotaqy ,bisi3 bio al mottste omO saris evel Sle
OPSf abwett .3nebauds ensitbex sudd
HAZ/ TU bs
pesuloval attl-xyfpo | ton ,x¢iso s djiw ezswolt tf
| nt a
babivib esivse ;yaem of ¢ appmete i Rae
,evkad s3siie3e xo bedanasd te sonanesdud nal ats.
(gdaionosog? spo go%)) ee 7
Me
.
oalA) .dneads to atts siqmba te 9s
yIev sence aisnimese edi Creede as e181
saallixsig. 72f 03 8 anomase |
SLi ,€ eeivie. feadiga eer
} eer eS ees a ie
a DD: 4 iain an
ae cane
vrs Ye
141.
1. Flowers without a calyx, in a calyx-like involucre, (Also,
staminate flowers culstered around a single pistillate
one; styles 3, each 2-cleft; outer structure (cyathium)
surrounding the involucre and bearing 4 or 5 glands,
these often with petaloid appendages).........+..e++.~4 Euphorbia
Acalypha virginica L. Three-seeded Mercury
Ivy Neck. Infrequent along trail to artificial pond, above source
of Cheston Creek drainage. Associate species: Galinsoga ciliata, Gratiola
neglecta, Ranunculus sceleratus, Perilla frutescens. Higman 1065.
Euphorbia
1. Leaves entire, symmetrical; appendages (on glands of
cyathium) broadly obovate, petaloid; inflorescence
terminal, umbellaternescccsccvesecsscccvcssssesesseceos Be Ccorollata
1. Leaves serrulate, oblique at base; appendages narrow
or rudimentary; inflorescence of axillary clusters.
2, Stem semi-prostrate, villous; appendages white,
narrow; ovary and capsule strigose..........++++... H. Supina
2. Stem erect or ascending, glabrous; appendages
pink to maroon, very small; ovary and capsule
glabrous (purple spot on leaves is not a
Consistent Characrer)iiwie cscs sseise eelasiessicisas ese e (he Maculata
Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering Spurge
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields among dense Rubus sp.,
Rhus radicans, and Lonicera japonica. Higman 137, 388.
E. supina Raf. Milk-purslane
(not in Britton and Brown)
Java Farm. One station on Fox Point Road. Associate species:
Digitaria ischaemum, Eragrostis spectabilis, Juncus tenius. Higman 28.
E. maculata L. Wortweed, Eyebane
Java Farm. Infrequent in cracked pavement at main building area and
along Fox Point and old entrance roads. Higman 14, 120, 543, 983.
omuaote, =yodu0) 433419"
es. xo 8 gabasod: bos Fenesanides
ee
5 abn09 detststoae. a3 ivasa. guote ta seals ng he wees «
Ie) resrasqe etsiooseA © .sgentsxb- desxD nossa!
4 ,anoseatuy? siltsey SELES Su Kuoeuneh «6
skdxzongud 2 ele ql
- .
to abasia so) asgebneqgqs itissaeee “atine savin eke
gonscaszolini zbiolsieq ,sisvode ylbsord ‘een brldeyoo Gang
Lantos? Be
Bielloros .2 ee rin aia. 6 oe hme e PRR Re ARIS Ad BD ~-. sisi ledm
wore eepebesags .ssad Js auplico ~sasiuyvise cuuaee
yexateauls. pant Lie 30 sonso2edtoiiar Pap Iaomek put 10.
Ss
- Sititiw segebmeqqs seuoltty « atetisoig- mae n832 aS i
aluaqso bts yYisvVO TwoTTss ah
apigue .X Paks 2 Sas 9.) o tire. oy SPRORLAIE
espabnoags j;euordslg ,gutbasoes ro Jo979 msge oe Se
sy sineqes base cians cLlame viev .soomwsm oF aig o age
« Jom 8 sevesl ao toga slqauq) auotdsig
0 ne ws ftedonzeds, Iyatebenoa = =
=
‘ agxuge gatsswolt ac sielloro sidrodqual
; 8 aududl senab gnome abiobt bio et anaupetial «orred eval
: -B8E SEL momgih .soigogel B19: pissinod bas. renga thes ee!
enaleiuy~ALlM . »ted a y
(nwotd bos mojaicd
Meeioeqe SdgtooesA .bsof IJnitod “oF no noksste 920 ‘ares ied
epee cmmeth “.avtyss suonul ,etitdsiosge abteorgasd iis sal
soadoya ,boswa 108 vd
aes -
ee ae ots as tosmaveg bedos15 at sneueeiah met evel
Bit .OSI ,41 namgii abso sonsi302 bio. > bas ack a HA
~ . 1%, whores :
142.
ANACARDIACEAE
Rhus
1. Plant a woody vine, or with woody stems ascending
1 meter or higher; leaflets 3; flowers in axillary
panicles’; drupes WHATS. srw eele ss eielotereiete silicic eidielcieletlldR. phadieans
1. Plant an erect woody shrub; leaflets 11 or more;
flowers in terminal pyramidal panicles; drupes reddish.
2. Rachis of leaves winged; leaflets entire or
1 cATaAlA AS Oletane) enollovlelsheieisi'e) sieueleVelolevshetsier sisle iexeicoialevereleielers eras eon CODalaelial
2. Rachis of leaves not winged; leaflets coarsely
serrate.
3. Branches, petioles, and drupes with long,
dense pubeSCeNCe....ccsccerecccccccccecseeccsers Re typhina
3. Branches and petioles glabrous, drupes minutely
PUDESCENE. ..ceersccceeccereseserssvcscccccecsece Re Glabra
Rhus radicans L. Poison Ivy
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Ubiquitous, but conspicuously infrequent
under Quercus prinus canopy along estuary shores. Absent from salt
marshes, but invading sparsely wooded sandbar at Sand Point, Cheston
Peninsula.
R. radicans, forma malanotrichocarpa
(A. H. Moore) Fern.
Java Farm. Old field near Fox Creek drainage. Dense, ascending
woody stems 3 to 5 feet tall. Near southern limit of known range.
Higman 375.
R. radicans, var. vulgaris (Michx.)
DC., forma negundo (Greene) Fern.
Java Farm. Twining on tree north of Fox Creek marsh. Near northern
limit of known range. Higman 768.
R. copallina L. : Dwarf Sumac
Java Farm. One station in valley of Muddy Creek, upstream from
culvert of old entrance road. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus
alba, Liriodendron tulipifera, etc. Hectare 2457.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent, in ditch through cornfields on Scaffold
Peninsula, also on west shore of Scaffold Peninsula under canopy of
Liquidambar styraciflua, Acer rubrum, etc. Higman 179, 851.
onde amete Nelo 514 pres dow:
c Visiitxs ‘ab atowolt pe aaeLteot " peotiyia yo
RR read ppeenie Maen:
.eyon © ey EE ajeltsol adurcite yboow: ‘$oat9 “AB t58.
Minos ila ta vest aines Tpbbas sa parcial at ‘etawold”
“yo! gtkaas aveitssl, pbasiiw Saves 3h" abdonit” shee
Demis hoa Trae edn One Naan he § CARN eirson 1 x
oe sisiiael ;bexakw jon ssvsel #0 eidost :,
BIBT IES |
anol dalw asquab bas ,esfoliog peices ae
eats Tice hnranaue cates iver sve ney seas Sammonedyg SeNey ;
yietumim asqusb psuordslg ealotiag bas esilosetd it
i widely: 1 Pebeeahbabesasyectisctonrev snes seer gasonsdug
“vi noatot J ansotbss sagt
Gueupo rir ¢isvorstgenos gud ,wwodiupidd§ ,jtosll yvi bos wrest aval
Phas port gooads .seroce Sabie’ qnols yaonR> 2uniyg eus1su0 ebay
Mmogeedo ,tatoT bee? te stedbaee bobcow ylsaxsge gutbavnt dud eatesent
Sivantasd =
sames0noiasonales ane) vennoiban we
a A a mt a ~ Oe NT ve =
sare? tawoant 4H Ad ray
gnihasozs . a, yogaciesh as0x3 xol 1s980 bier b1O ore ever
1AQIB qwond 46 stabi wradiuoa ts9f Liat Jos? ¢ oa t emege choow
- ae 2 =——
(.xrloiM) ezisplow soev (em wanes eee
71st (sne0%0)- obaupen amxok i _
eee .tntem aser0 xol 30 Ajton 9973, 10 agniniv? met eval : ea
; 30% osagiff ,sgme7 avons to stmth
a
out Scrawl
an d4e7D “ybbeM Lo yslisv ai noiseze ante at at eu
See vatigtsess Loco sunat 20 yqoeD~ -bsou sonsitas, blo ae.
—~ NOS 97 gTasos 6.038 Dear 5h sat
143.
R. typhina L. Staghorn Sumac
Java Farm. Infrequent, usually in scattered clumps; observed
around main buildings, around burned house on road to springhouse
(charcoal-covered soil), and along Rhode River shore near pier.
Ivy Neck. One clump near Cheston Point, and scattered nearby.
Associate species: Prunus serotina, Robinia pseudoacacia. Infrequent
in forest of central Scaffold Peninsula. Associate species there:
Quercus alba, Liquidambar styraciflua, etc. Higman 222, 360.
R. glabra L. Smooth Sumac
Ivy Neck. Infrequent along top of bluff overlooking Rhode
River, on Cheston Peninsula. Hectare 4768. Associate species:
Maclura pomifera, Liquidambar styraciflua. Higman 1011.
AQUIFOLIACEAE
Ilex opaca Ait. American Holly
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant along
estuary shores, under canopy of Quercus prinus and Quercus alba.
Occasional in mature upland forest or even in old fields. Higman
2885) 522).
CELASTRACEAE
1. Plant a shrub, 1-1.5 meters high; leaves opposite;
capsule 5-valved, reddish-pink; seeds bright
OTANGCr ee escesveescesrsvscvcsesscesccssesscecccveceees BUONYMUS
1. Plant a woody vine; leaves alternate; capsule
3-valved, yellow-orange; seeds red.....c..eeceeceeeeeees Celastrus
Euonymus americanus L. Strawberry Bush
Java Farm. Infrequent, triangular area west of old Muddy Creek
Road. Hectare 2472. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia and Liriodendron
tulipifera. Higman 409.
Celastrus
Celastrus scandens L. : Bittersweet
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. One station each, both at top of bank
overlooking Rhode River. Also found on an old field fence at Java
Farm. Hectares 3407, 3600, 4890. Associate species at all sites:
dense Rhus radicans. Higman 219, 496.
manos ‘on, <2atok nose? ss9m: bak ge Y. by
>! riorse suavtd :eatoeqe sanks
ot eataod blot#sce Isyime> 16_ jeez 4 rt
errs omeammentl aedeebhueh cals 8 osaut
a
SS
a gattoolsavo ytwid %o qod gools Insups7tst “host wt
,plussige? sojsed) fo- rev
‘gahouqe adntvo2aA ,Bata sists
Lf0f oeag th puiitoszyse zadusbkupit 24 ented suis
SARDATIOWIUOA
BLieh weobrems A1A 52590 sok |
i, gnoks toginel ehaveretye | pace oNe ost yrt bre ores Byeb <a
; : bas guntag But vO to yqomss 34bsty _aprone yxanles
_ soseer A erste hice at seve 20 naewist basiay sivtem at fsnotesss0
. = . ,8Se BBR
GASIAAT2AIZO. sk
ereiem 2,i~! ,dutde s sopth oko
aL bpasd baview-e alueqa2 ie
~. Jc dwhee ane Be ds ~
(a> 82
yaareaqge esysel ae
Sigtzd ebase gatqars
t ; afueqss ;Stensetiea seyasl raniv yeoow & toels .o%
:agusito-wol lay ,bovisv-€
, DSi Boos
J agnsotzoms SueeeOe |
yaivaashtd , Imaupas? ei «erat avysl
CHa) .ShPS ays3908 ee
C08 meagih <s
oe. . @evh yryedwess4
Med) Ybbuli bio So. iasw 8575
J Bru abfotibasys augsi to 44
gSawess 922%
: igh? 36 dgod ,doae colisze saG
aed Ae
Spyaval Je eon) bieli
teethe tis 25 Gatovqe ststoossh 0268 |
asiva @a46
a a oe A A if) Ns, - ;
chip : Mel —_— :
144,
ACERACEAE
Acer
1. Leaves pinnately compound; young branches bright
green; samaras forming a sharp, inverted V............ A. negundo
1. Leaves simple, palmately lobed; young branches not green;
samaras forming a broad, inverted U or divergent.
2. Leaves 7-lobed, broader than long; sap milky;
samaras widely divergent; leaves green beneath..... A. platanoides
2. Leaves (3-) 5-lobed, usually longer than broad;
sap clear; samaras forming an inverted U or moderately
divergent; leaves white beneath.
3. Lobes extending more than halfway to midrib,
sides of terminal and sometimes lateral
lobes divergent; buds, flowers, petioles,
young branches, and samaras yellowish-green..... A. saccharinum
3. Lobes usually extending less than halfway to
midrib, sides of all lobes converging; buds,
flowers, petioles, young branches, and samaras
(especially young) reddish to bright red........ A. rubrum
Acer negundo L. Boxelder
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent in old fields and at margins
of forest. Higman 427, 577, 620.
A. platanoides L. Norway Maple
Java Farm. One station: single seedling on trail along north
boundary from old entrance gate to Muddy Creek. Hectare 2471.
Canopy of Quercus alba, Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer rubrum, Fagus
grandifolia, Carya tomentosa, etc. Higman 1078.
A. saccharinum L. Silver Maple
Ivy Neck. One station: several large trees along marshy border of
pasture (source of Cheston Creek). Hectare 4733. Grazing cows have
prevented understory development and have deposited considerable manure.
Canopy of Robinia pseudoacacia, Diospyros virginiana. Higman 1071.
A. rubrum L. Red Maple
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Aggressive invader of abandoned fields, often
co-dominant with Liquidambar styraciflua. Infrequent to moderately abundant
in almost all forested areas, especially moister ones. Higman 417, 556.
< qhseta ve Teakamnid ‘govee sbadol tiotantaa wateui t6S
%y pi anette 10° U hadgova meth ABE: guitare emma
. &
nok aad? Emcee pede eS ce .
peti fqeat3
tanthh. smal ‘Batenes Sa
iaaseed geeig esvEol 73098
ee
pepeaiil ehaoxd apds raenot yilsuas rera ey (+€)) saveatns ced
sdsteiebos ao .U Sactievint. ds giiarot ‘eeismse gts9la qse
seamed 1 gtidw eovesl janagrovib:
add 9x00 antbnedxs eadod Poe
ais feria . to sepia =o
,zhud pinoazsul® estat iene eae
sedsiiket o3 yawiiss 4
favetal pwomk4saros
,pelolssg (erovolt
oy pazsasa ban -esiloneid BNUOY -
f
1 ,
F, pene: hy so vertnargnda tual tor meee
cl
od yawtion aods saat gathpsaxs en peu esdad Gt
te enn | aka paid, gota revite> qadol Ils i wobre disbiu aah
* - aacamne bie -asdonesd gsuoy ~438+°4 S9q eTsaelt rs aR a
: apd Sa has aifgrad of es bhatt (x giilroy. , vilek oiqaa) 7 a
a * seh fexad wl ghaugoe 2 32k
Bie i
: stigion 15 Hue abfnid bio o3 WWouosTIML = + 304 wi bos wre svat. bate |
oga .. ose [TSd eagts ,2esTe? 26)
7
; _ a hq wien oll ; acy en eebt a8 e
dozen gnviv itexs Se gunk (bess-signte :
ECR osxadpek =. Asat) ybbvM oF
~prsiighivy notbae!
: "Atal mserglH .273
:notsads an0° “ere ae
o1aR gsusta0e blo mot yreborod | 4
tid ,sdis SpI59Up 70 pS pie
ieremOT LYSB +
al muatiesooee, Fs
fo xeb10s vletom anoles as912 agisl fstavee -naltsia sn ainsi wi Da
‘ 9 qojnedd Yo s97N0e) sodaeg
o4 45 J
pve eyco gutwat> ff asn2268
eects efdasebiem bettaocqs’ aved bas gaacqoLsveb - grosazabmy beam
SISOt gomgik -auetaiaisy soxyqeele , ciangsobsed saakson ra
SiqaM bex
banobagds to xebaesat biknein tse
‘4 Grenpesaal-
,aano zetaion Bm BEDEGeS
- gillgaM vovitt
145.
BALSAMINACEAE
Impatiens capensis Meerb,
f. immaculata (Weath.) Fern. and Schub. Touch-me-not
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Abundant in very moist, forested areas,
especially the upper Muddy and Scaffold Creek valleys. Higman 76.
f. albiflora (Rand and Redf.) Fern. and Schub.
(1. biflora Willd.) Touch-me-not
Java Farm. One station: freshwater part of Fox Creek marsh.
Hectare 3516. Higman 242.
VITACEAE
1. Leaves simple, may be lobed; bark loosening in
ropy shreds, without lenticels........cceecceeeecceeee Vitis
1. Leaves with 5 palmate leaflets; bark tight, with
MaNnylentdL Cel. Sis tics siecleeidlsie Moremi siieie ccleie leli@iekder cies Harthenocissus
Vitis
1. Leaves ovate-squarish, with dense rusty pubescence
beneath; grapes 1.5-2.5 cm. diameter...............-+. Ve. labrusca
1. Leaves cordate at base, acuminate at tip, glabrous
except for conspicuous tufts in axils of veins.
beneath; grapes 3-9 mm. diameter.......ccceccscccceeee Ve VUlpina
Vitis labrusca L. Fox Grape
Java Farm. Infrequent in bottom of Muddy Creek valley. Canopy
of Fraxinus americana. Associate species: Rubus sp., Lonicera japonica.
Higman 67.
V. vulpina L. Frost Grape
Java Farm. Moderately abundant in old fields. Associate species:
Rhus radicans, Campsis radicans, Lonicera japonica. Higman 166, 374.
Parthenocissus
Parthenocissus quinquefolia L. Virginia Creeper
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields and at borders of freshwater
marshes. Associated with Rhus radicans, Lonicera japonica, etc.
Higman 86, 224,
belo seat es duptnycé © .299% es vey Perce oe a
-ayetiav deed hlotisod: bas qbbul roqqer ela yltet
ce a | dprioe bas syed (.3bea bas basi) solanate 18
‘gommisou07 mi Aken ye" : | (PLLA prob Rd 2D)
eae §aa79 x0% Zo t18q asieunee7? prottess an. sats) eet: nae
S&S aemgih. .alee aveaoall
SAAQATIV ae I eS.
mt gainezool aad *hedol ad yam -siqmia. aevest ut
_ MR ROE «544+ sirlvaierit awe sie rs ee wplesisasi juodtiw .abetde: waa
a es 7 ijiw ,ddgha Axed yeiel Jeol sisaleg-= dStw Loven ake
BU MMMRRDOCRHIIAT ce mee y ener center ces sa waiwedsewscclee sto5 sSLRD ESSE COMET eee
) a oy p a ‘
ary } =
eiziv .
sinenasdug yIsux Seach diiv «cetwsuparssave goveol ah 5
o 2, f-a.f agqetg titesisd ==
i Boosdel «Vo +s essere sees jeteme rth |.ma Cysrovt _
evesdsig ,gi2 Ja sientmuss ,s640 38 ejebyo> esvead wt
siiisy Yo alix& ar site
7 marylve Vives vikve bpplnpiee 0 v4.0) e SMASMBLO
eh * : i oe
| A gopuzdal eae
y, ; Sqst) xot
ee
auoU oe yewens sot Jqeoes(~i/%
um @=6 jetg iitesnwed 2oee
¥")
— yqons? ‘Yektny Aas bbUM to stodtad ot Jasupes: ve ae “era evel mrs
: alia «-@@ gudua ‘:setosge sjetooeeA «Bites. iyoke aunt eer to ¥
at: cog hl
spor? 2) sh gabe a
4 SteisoonA .ebleli.blo mo toabauda yisjaxsboM exe) sveb\”
(Bal onwgtlh .eoteogat sxsotoal ,enaotbex pieqmes)) posabbes Pr a
sf
du
1 GRAS
a a 1849
; wit. hd eg ey ne ie at 4 LM &
yeu) ke wiebaed je, bop blot? blo ut jssupexil ¥ amet ava
see penn A992} <sanokbey auth eine! SAS TESA ore
5 bi f LAs
can
146.
MALVACEAE
1. Salt marsh habitat; flowers white or pink-violet;
carpels 5.
2. Flowers 8-12 cm. broad; petals white with red
bases; leaves broadly ovate, 3-lobed, felt-
PUDESCE Hite euelatere epee okelcliekese! are) cialis 9| silelel <ieiefeisieleleleielsicielellsie ste Haba scus
2. Flowers 6-8 cm. broad; petals roseate; leaves
cordate-ovate; stellate-puberulent..............+.. Kosteletzkya
1. Roadside habitat; flowers yellow-orange; carpels
DD Ht) seevetove rst sh eter skercoyeicieletione ies of evelieleyalfelere' shelevslelovereialsteveiclisncietorench rem ADU teLOn
Hibiscus palustris L., forma
peckii House Rose Mallow
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant at shoreward margins
of wet salt marshes and marshy estuaries. Associate species: Typha
latifolia, T. angustifolia, Kosteletzkya virginica, Iva frutescens,
Baccharis halimifolia, Panicum virgatum, etc. Grows just seaward
of the Smilax rotundifolia zone. Higman 78.
Kosteletzkya
Kosteletzkya virginica (i). Bresl. Seashore Mallow
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in same habitat
as Hibiscus palustris above. Higman 57, 281.
Abutilon
Abutilon theophrasti Medic. Velvet-leaf
Ivy Neck. One station: border of cornfield beside old barn south
of artificial pond, near source of Cheston Creek. Hectare 4723.
Associate species: Datura stramonium, Plantago major, Eleusine indica,
and Polygonum persicaria. Higman 1000.
GUTTIFERAE
1. Sepals 4, in 2 unequal pairs; petals 4................ Ascyrum
L. Sepalispo ye petalisy 5 mrenere screens POWs ovccccceccsceccccsccese Hypericum
Ascyrum hypericoides Le St. Andrew's Cross
Ivy Neck. One station: abandoned road near southern border of
central mixed hardwood forest, Scaffold Peninsula. Canopy of Quercus
alba, Quercus velutina, Fagus grandifolia, etc. Higman 968.
eres bond B9vi
elagres. ce are ‘arswolt. aeakeee ane
ran) s
ae : 2 i :
t i ae ee i ee ee eo i-s
—
ai is Seok jesdem ia lreee
wolial saoA =
_ brswetorda 35 ‘dnebavda yisisteboM doa yvi bo5 a Awe
> as koaqa siatsossA .esiisutes yiersir bas eying” sine ow 36
ueaiue? svi .s2intarty avisielsiood ,aiioitiguane 2 ag
meee Jaut eword .539 ,museutty muotnsd PVE z
: ,BX Hemgit .agos StloM gies annie xpi
syisiels3a0x .
WolleM sundens? feast (.d) solotgriy svistsleseom 05
dekden some Gt Srabmide yledatsboH .i#oel yi bos met svel.” : a
LOS ,\e meagil .svods sittesiag aupekdih aa
a tb a
molt sudé
tpel-tevia’. _ ibe Ligsutgoont noligedA |
im mrad bic ebiasd blalinios jo sabi0ed iaolanie pit WE oa 3 eee,
Rt (ESX8 sznjoeH ..joax) qotesd) 20 92700 then, ,baog, Istotiiozsl Pe
# DA gaerbon satavoss Johan ogasna!’ youteomerse s.v34 taghoege siakogaal
y -O00L semg th porriche se sapere baw
FARSSITIVS
MyaySeA ----e- essed elajeq jeztag Leupsny < a: r neat
= aPEIee BiNGNE SATS 0.6 9: 00,0 94 ¥\0: Sad CO RPe Ss € etatog a whee ae
. rod mise + br oid bso az bensbaade ‘non a ta ae | |
147.
Hypericum
1, Flowers flesh-color or mauve, clustered in axils and
top of stem. Expected (H. virginicum).
1, Flowers yellow, in terminal cymes.
2. Stamens 20-100 or more.
3. Stamens in 3 to 5 clusters; styles 3; capsules,
petals, sepals, and leaves with black dots or
lines (oil vesicles), leaf dots may also be
translucent.
4, Plant very branched; leaves very numerous,
elliptic-linear, usually with axillary
fascicles on whole stem and branches;
petals with black marginal dots; sepals
5-6 mm. long, acuminate... .ccccescovcceseeeee He perforatum
4, Plant branched only at summit for cyme;
leaves remote, elliptic-ovate, seldom with
axillary fascicles except on upper stem
near cymes; petals with black lines; sepals
2-3 mm. long, acute or blunt......eeceoeeeeee H. punctatum
3. Stamens not in clusters; styles united into
a sharp beak; capsules, petals, sepals, and
leaves without oil vesicles or black markings.
Expected (H. densiflorum).
2. Stamens 5 to 12, if up to 20 the flowers are
very small.
5. Leaves spreading, not linear-subulate.
6. Leaves ovate-deltoid or round-oblong, the
upper cordate or clasping at base..........+. H. mutilum
6. Leaves lanceolate or linear to narrowly
obovate, tapering to sessile or short-
petioled base. Expected (H. canadense).
5. Leaves appressed or strongly ascending, linear-subulate.
Expected (H. gentianoides).
Bs HD) boaseqal
apie saaties ak welts ee
i ‘ ; iy ; Seth a zi Pee ria ‘ lity
aa) ; oo a eae
ee a ‘sxom to 001-08 “snamsze .
Z ; _ roe aa A th
_, eeetvegss if asiyta ;exeseuilo ¢ oF € ni ansmeye .6
7 So eiob Woeid fatw eevest bas ,elsqse ‘ateeag "oe
ed oals ysm e3ob taol ,(eeisieev Tro) eamth
ie: | oS Sqabonkenetd oes
,euorsmun Yiev sevasl sbeHonsad yIav soeL4 8
a : yvislitxe diiw yiisuay tesnti-skiqtifs
S 4) A , - J es
aes: ;eedoneyd bas meie slodw so a9iotsest
eleqse 72305 [eatguam Aoald dtiw alsisq
paige
: au muderoixs9 m3 DO ek oD Sh edie seenreeee ~sisnimtios -guol tat a-c ia : ae ne ae ut
ea allie - a
i - ygmy> rot timme ts vino befomesd Japa A oe
; diiw mobiles ,sievo-otaqiife ,siomst asvest ae oa
: geste xeqqy mo Jqsoxs asintoest wrellins ey
hn gieqse yeont! tosid ditw sisieq zomy ss9n
_ ‘muesooua «2 evenccacveceree:d00ld YO 83198 ,gn01 «mn £-
i omnt betiau eslyte -ersieuls oak ton ensmaze sé
. base ,eleqee ,aisisq ,eslueqso jised qvade s
legnisiiem Aoeid ro velotesv to guorstw povesl soe
-(aurolitensh .H) betoeqas meh
; |
) ate erswolt sda OS of qu it .S1 oF @ angmed2 .&
- tisme yIsv
4 iy re
.etsiudue-sseenil jon ,antbsezqe esvaal .e
9" hi Se ae
; sig eid ,gaoldo-bavor xo blotisb-s$avo saveol 8° 7 yi
~~ qulijum shacevdecss 3eBd 368 geiqssio so Siabi0> Teqqu ae
neste) ae
ylwossen o3 rg9mil 70 stsiosonsl eevaol «0
-szofa 10 sitaese 03 gniizeqai ,atsvodo
«(gaasbsas> «H) petzegxd .sasd beietieq =. sg |
= . : tT f . egue a i
: <eialudue~ssent! ~gutbneces vignorss to beasstqqs eovest se en
: -(esblonetsnes .H) bejnegxd
148.
Klamath-weed,
Hypericum perforatum L. St. John's-wort
Java Farm. One station: western part of main building area.
Hectare 2499, Associate species: Erigeron canadensis, Achillea
millefolium, Setaria faberii, Plantago lanceolata.
Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in abandoned wheatfield,
especially near road. Higman 7, 812, 955, 956.
H. punctatum Lam. St. John's-wort
Ivy Neck. Infrequent along abandoned road through forest of
Scaffold Peninsula. Canopy of Quercus alba, Liriodendron tulipifera,
Liquidambar styraciflua, Carya tomentosa, Nyssa sylvatica.
Higman 928, 929.
H. mutilum L, St. John's-wort
Java Farm. One station: border of Phalaris arundinacea meadow,
north of main building area. Hectare 2560. Higman 156.
CISTACEAE
Lechea racemulosa Michx. Pinweed
Ivy Neck. One station: south shore of Scaffold Peninsula.
Hectare 5763. Canopy of Quercus prinus. Higman 1049.
VIOLACEAE
Viola
1. Stemless; petioles and peduncles rising from thick
rhizome; flowers blue to violet.
2. Sepals ciliate.
3. Petioles and both or only the lower leaf surfaces
VALLOUS. coc cecccescccrvcccersccrsccccccceseseess Ve SOrOria
3. Petioles glabrous; only upper leaf surface villous
OF [SETA P OSS eco relenorej cue) eycielenetensieleke.eye ee epsusienscejeueieie = ee Viel SCD ECHtERLOnalas
2. Sepals glabrous (rest of plant same except bearded
Pat eral specials) eye ye «ice crojepeisteus aeleuepsieie! ofelcleleysole cieicic's es Nie) Papal tonacea
1. Stem leafy, rising from taproot; flowers white
BOM DURST oy 0; <40)cie cl sohole o4e. sxe, che ose ol sieleue * soe jelieueielelopreioe) one's) Mey Kitatbelianal,
var. rafinesquii
-a6ioaqe ajetoonea
S. bizadet stra392
plseizeade benobnsds nt ERE: yistsroboM.) )«: 2
coal eee S18 , 1 email .baox 1880. a a
x seat02 dquowds ‘bao ‘panobasda anole jnoupexial ~ Jost ey
. ventned Srotaand ;
Eu)
“gesbos boli ,sdis eaugrsu0 to yqona) =«8t
a cee eric Mo ,seoinemo] Ssyts) sultioaryte
e8@
drow-a' fol .Je ’ a .
- a) 1 -f
G to 19bs0d stoljside SiO (mist ave i a
‘ilaaee abis
bis cigmges or eT gigiseh ..s9t8 gntbitud atsa 40 djyvom
BASQAT2I9 ' =
baswet4 xnoth saolums2Bt sonoad
52 to. s10de diuoe. :aorsete gn0 woo yl. ~~
~piventasd bieits
eave o7s290H |
,Qe0!1 oemetH -guatsqg 2 ausreu. to ygous9
AARIALOLV ial
siolkV
4 ao lotubsq bas eslokieq ,229ime2¢ pis
* f solda mori gntet
gsfotv of ould. exewol? ramosidx ~~ 2 |
=
__.9teiits elaqee So
ola. yiao yo dsod bap ‘eolgkio4 & oe
geseixua test aavwol
wa eeu’ Buoliby
Sacme ¥ Cbs Ue he Bae ban oes eRe S70”?
‘gpolliv: eosirve tssl xsqqu yito 5 savordelg sefotsea - af
se. a ne aC ie STEREO i
bebssed tq30xs emee Jasiq 20 qes1) —— efaqse so
isxetsl
rm easpeceddntyohancs ofep se eet™ << eae iee
¥
-
otidw Btevolt ;Joo7qs? mort gatsts cate 7
‘owe
a caus v nviaies Os <ovdbmwene <2 PSR a
149,
Viola sororia Willd. Wooly Blue Violet
Ivy Neck. Abandoned road through central Scaffold Peninsula.
Canopy of Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Nyssa sylvatica, Liriodendron
tulipifera, Carya tomentosa. Higman 599.
V. septentrionalis Green. Violet
Java Farm. Infrequent along old Muddy Creek Road. Canopy
of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba. Higman 548,
V. papilionacea Pursh. Meadow Violet
Java Farm. Moderately abundant on steep east-facing slope
adjacent north border. Hectare 2573. Canopy of Juglans nigra.
Higman 581, 602, 629, 630.
V. kitaibeliana R. and S., var.
rafinesquii Fern.
(V. rafinesquii Greene) Wild Pansy
Java Farm. Infrequent on south-facing slope adjacent north
border, overlooking meadow. Hectare 2550. Open canopy of Liriodendron
tulipifera, Pyrus malus, Robinia pseudoacacia. Found in scattered
grassy areas. Higman 1150.
(NOTE: All violet species except the last appear to be moderately
abundant throughout the more moist forested areas, especially on
Java Farm. No clear pattern of distribution has yet been determined.)
PASSIFLORACEAE
Passiflora lutea L. Passion-f lower
Ivy Neck. One station: west side of southern Cheston Peninsula.
Low bluff overlooking big salt marsh. Hectare 5749. Canopy of Quercus
velutina and Carya tomentosa. Higman 1075.
LYTHRACEAE
1. Flowers regular or nearly so.
2. Calyx short, campanulate to globular. Expected
(Rotala, Ammannia).
2. Calyx tubular. (Also, petals white; leaves
PeLTICAND Vopere) opeieetcieelsisroheiove enele! cheval sie ataye,e\oneieicvelsiolsreleis ever stele VEY LGUM
1. Flowers irregular, the tubular calyx spurred at
base on the upper side. (Also, petals purple;
Heaves) Ovate—Vanceolace) weiss sccccseceviecsiicaciecisees CUuphea
4 eon vod deasd yhbudt bio. ‘gaols snouperiad
i : ‘ Be samy rh <egis BYDISHD +
4 —
rn re. Le “egote gotsei-seso geste 90 wets poser 2 “i al
- wight seetat 30 -YGORG syéj0sH . TSbto S10 a
080 ,eSe £00 , [Be man
yarst BIW
eg snscetbe sqole gnisst-dauos #0 jesupstinI asset evel =
botsid to NquKeS, mat .O@28 w¥e390N . .wobsom gaitootssve igbed |
SE IBIBODUS ET statdof# ,eulem augye sistiqktvs ” =F
~~ "O@Lt wamgli .28e7s \BPazS.
erabam 4d ot re0qqh teal sd? Jqsoxs ssl2eqge jofoly LILA +aTOW)-
fe yiisioagag ,essxe betastol Jeiom s10m aid ayodguoxd?. jesbauds
(ibeskietsb nssd Jay eed as stsudixseth to avtteq se9io off -t6Y AV
HANOAHOTITAZAAG
qawolt-nolees’ wl gogpe a? -
Oeebeentoed novesi) axedives to sble gesw +s0LI5I% anO aoe ae =
_ Sy qgoms) .¢)\e ogszosd § .diessm 3lee gtd gnistonkaayvo tind wot —
,tV0L nomgit .gen3namod pyre bre Bee Se
SASOARAT YI
,o8 vissea to teiages wxovolt a
beaesgkd .reludolg 09 sdelonuqead ,Jxodel aged a
aoves! jedinw alsaeg oaka)
awas o* sei iiales tied mae sagt As eho ms He ig +2 ‘ 4
150.
Lythrum
Lythrum lineare L. Loosestrife
Java Farm. One station: Fox Creek salt marsh. Hectare 3527.
Iva frutescens and Distichlis spicata dominant. Higman 61.
Cuphea
Cuphea petiolata (L.) Koehne Blue Waxweed
Ivy Neck. One station: moist woods along Cheston Creek
drainage. Hectare 4752. Canopy of Platanus occidentalis, Diospyros
virginiana, and Liquidambar styraciflua. Associate species: Duchesnea
indica, Eupatorium coelestinum, Ranunculus sceleratus, Viola sp.
Higman 1005.
NYSSACEAE
Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. Black Gum,
Sour Gum
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant in a
variety of mixed hardwood aanopies, especially oaks. Higman 109, 421, 520.
ONAGRACEAE
1. Flowers 2-merous; fruit indehiscent, bristly.......... Circaea
1. Flowers 4-merous (5- or 6-merous in Jussiaea);
fruit dehiscent.
2. Fruit indehiscent, with 1 to 4 seeds.
Expected (Gaura).
2. Fruit a dehiscent capsule (loculicidal),
many-seeded.
3. Leaves alternate; petals showy; capsule
Stow biliys Cy amd Tiel w vieielorsiereie/e) ele eieleneiel cieielere ess) ehapere OCNORMeTa
3. Leaves opposite; petals inconspicuous or
absent; capsule linear-cylindric or short
and angled to terete.
4, Stamens 4; capsule short; seeds glabrous..... Ludwigia
4. Stamens 8; capsule linear-cylindric, its
valves widely splitting; seeds with apical
tufts of hair, like the bristle pappus on
achenes’ of |Composa:taeclsarcricteclet o occ ese e os) HP LObLum
FARGASEYU
ore) ioate
me 08
Bo omk dasbauds yisaiszebom, 4 Jasppstini .Aos. ye ‘bas its? evel ee
ise 201 So a lalko vikstoeqes ,eabgonsn boowbrad bette t0 dae
TATIAAIAUO
'
t
7 B9p9719 preksievae Qldebrd ,dresatdebrl arutt renotom-§ arswolt \f.
i (Saaiaaul mt auoTamrd t0.-2) auotaur-P exowolit.L
Inesatdeb skeet
.absse 8 oc Lf ngiw .snsoeidebat thuwt
(as bstogqxa
_(Isbiotiveol) siueqss anssetdsb 5 divaT
.bsbase-\ynem
nae etuaqsas ;ywore eleigq isismvegia eaveed Em! he
Biessocs0 ..... vp wile vie yas se ee henge aa, cee eulsuard eee
10 guovotaeBaoont alstsg ysdisoqqo eevast .E
3iode xo abtbnifyo-rssnti simage9 ;2ageda
-sja7T52 03 boiges bas
ILs\a Ue
Circaea
Circaea quadrisulcata (Maxim.)
Franch. and Sav., var. canadensis
(L.) Hara Enchanter's Nightshade
Java Farm. One station: along old entrance road between inter-
sections with Fox Point road and springhouse road. Hectare 3409.
Ivy Neck. One station: moist woods at Cheston Creek drainage.
Hectare 4752. Canopy of Diospyros virginiana, Platanus occidentalis,
Liquidambar styraciflua. Associate species: Eupatorium coelestinun,
Duchesnea indica, Cuphea petiolata, Ranunculus sceleratus. Higman
821, 855.
Oenothera
1. Leaves lyrate-pinnatifid; stem leafy to base, often
branching at base. (Also, capsule 2-3 cm. long)...... 0. laciniata
1. Leaves entire or shallowly serrate; stem often nearly
leafless below the middle, branching above the middle.
2. Calyx tube 1.8-4.4 cm. long; capsules 1-3.5 cm.
long, lance-cylindric, nearly sessile, appressed
ascending. ....... Tele eisieie\civ vee ere eve see ele s/4sie)sin ee ae 0. biennis
2. Calyx tube .5-1.5 cm. long; capsules 6-11 m.
long, short-ellipsoid, tapering to slender
stipes 5-15 mm. long, ascending-spreading.......... O. fruticosa
Oenothera laciniata Hill Evening Primrose
Ivy Neck. One station in abandoned field on Scaffold Peninsula.
Hectare 4761. Associate species: Hypericum perforatum, Trifolium
pratense, Trifolium hybridum, Eupatorium serotinum, Plantago virginica.
Higman 690.
QO. biennis L. Evening Primrose
Java Farm. One station on Fox Point Road.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in grassy abandoned field on Scaffold
Peninsula. Associated with 0. laciniata above. Higman 145, 954, 1018.
QO. fruticosa L. Evening Primrose
Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in abandoned field on Scaffold
Peninsula. Associated with 0. laciniata and 0. biennis and their
associates above. Higman 1114.
sows | beot oonetaaS: fo ete, taotsel2: ie
“gasdos® © .-bsot gauongaitgqe dma
| tsa fotesf) 16 ecaalae tetou
by padels . v
2 reoiongs sen hageeh
eradjons0
oe astio ,sabd of yissl mate vaeaidardualieasd nave,
sagiatosl O weegss (mol .mo E-S slueqso orn ts) «6. send Js gitdoasyd
. giasen aetin mate iesatrse vivolisde x0 exbine sevesd tt
iM Ma iM -Stbbko oj sveda gthdonszd ysibbim, ond vole aesitsol. cpt
emo e@.€-f aefuedss seek oo J, d=8.5 adut xyisd a
i
‘ iP: beaesiqgs ,oilesse yixsen irbailyo-soual anol
ae aed «as QOEDRSIBR.
BPEL 0 oss eens sense enter arensmrnnees : «tA
a sor If-& asivedss ¢gool .m> ¢,i-€. edu wylad Boa z §)
sabpefa oF gniteqs? ,bkoaqtiis-giode ygaol X
| . eos 3uxt WO cece srues aathestqe-gatbasses <gnol .am el-¢ asqiie
seearmizt gatneva LorH gaazoksel sqetione0
; . genre 23 bloxasse wo bisti bacparers nt pokttete soO doa yvl
“7 \musteiotisg mustrgayil hen aisiseesA .1ata. semen:
; ogsd Ee 7 ,wuphoyves mrt toseque fyiadyd my muiloit3T «2
a -088
Saowmixd goinsvT Dg wl ciel 2
-beod Jnto%’ xei no soktese sO .axet pyvel
plo2isc2 mo bieii bonoboads senees nk tusupatial ost. 4.2
hae, me asmgiH .svods systntosl .O daiw beSakarane ‘aluaatnod -
52%
Ludwigia
1. Leaves alternate; stems erect; flowers pedicelled;
petals, yellow, (CONSPiCUOUSK cc Uers sree cls c1s c1eie Meee a. (a leernaholsia
1. Leaves opposite; stems ascending to depressed;
flowers sessile; petals purple to green, or
WANTING. ccc cccscce esc cesnsscsscnaccrccsvcssvessssssces L. palustris
Ludwigia alternifolia L. Seedbox
Ivy Neck. One station: marsh at head of Cheston Creek estuary.
Hectare 4753. Associate species: Typha latifolia, Scirpus americana,
Panicum clandestinum, Eleocharis intermedia. Higman 1100.
L. palustris (L.) Ell., var.
americana (DC.) Fern. and Grisc. Water-purslane
Ivy Neck. Infrequent on muddy shore of artificial pond near
source of Cheston Creek drainage. Hectare 4723. Associate species:
Eleocharis sp., Echinochloa pungens, Limnobium spongia, Gratiola
neglecta, Juncus acuminatus, Ranunculus sceleratus. Higman 995.
Epilobium
Epilobium coloratum Biehler Willow-herb
Java Farm. Two stations: old field on north side of main
buildings, dominated by woody vines. Hectare 2580. Also in deep
ditch of Fox Creek drainage. Hectare 2583. May be infrequent
elsewhere. Higman 195, 327.
HALORAGIDACEAE
Myriophyllum spicatum L. Eurasian Water Milfoil
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Abundant in estuaries, especially
Muddy Creek estuary. Found along Muddy Creek to upstream limit
of salt marsh vegetation. (Virtually disappeared in 1967).
ARALIACEAE
1. Leaves 2-or 3-times compound; plant a thorny shrub
(in the species collected)....... a av ehavetecuraterers Celeebereiesieremamaldea
1. Leaves simple, palmately lobed; plant a thornless
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153.
Aralia spinosa L. Hercules’ Club
Java Farm. Principal station on north side of Fox Point Road,
near base of peninsula and head of Fox Creek estuary. Hectare 3556.
Abundant in understory. Canopy of Quercus velutina, Quercus alba,
Nyssa sylvatica, and Pinus virginiana.
Also observed in Hectares 3415, 3530, and 3554. Scattered
infrequently under a variety of hardwood canopies.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in forest on lower Scaffold Peninsula.
Canopy of mixed hardwoods. Higman 395.
Hedera
Hedera helix L. English Ivy
Java Farm. Principal station north of Smithsonian property, on
north-facing slope above stream, near road to pier. Hectare 2599.
Canopy of mixed hardwoods; understory of Ilex opaca. Also on north
bank of Fox Point. Hectare 3558. Canopy of Quercus prinus. Higman 1239.
UMBELLIFERAE
(From Dayton, 1942)
1. Leaves without blades, reduced to hollow, linear,
cylindrical, septate petioles. Expected (Lilaeopsis).
1. Leaves with blades well-developed.
2. Leaves simple (only the basal ones in Zizia).
3. Stems creeping, rooting at the nodes............ Hydrocotyle
3. Stems erect. Expected (Eryngium, Zizia).
2, Leaves compound.
4, Leaves, or most of them, palmately compound.
5. Umbellets globose; fruit burlike, with
hooked shir Stlles wey. <jeyef vopel'e eye) crsysreye yevslenejeysveyerdore's SANACUIA
5. Umbellets not globose; fruit not burlike
nor bristly.
6. Umbels conspicuously irregular; flowers
white; calyx teeth and involucels absent;
fruit narrowly oblong, bony, often curved. Cryptotaenia
it Geet voeee Lathe ‘soretood ak bove:
_.pebgomss hoowbrad to yisiisy 8 roby
bloiies2 towol mo 3esz0% at tssupastal . .aosM wd
<EeE gemgth -aboowbran bextm ae
suebs! sand ineey "la
wi dabignd as iad algal
Mm eyiistorg neleoettins to ditom noltets tsqhoates .orgat svat :
2028 Sisi0sH .19iq oF beoy ts90 ,mastJe svods syole sakost-dazom
. ae iMG oefA .s59g0 ysiI to yxotetsimy jeboowbrsd bextm to ygonet
P. RES ae rg .aumtzg euarsii0) to ygomed .8e2£ sxsisoH .jatet xo% 20 Aned
SARS I TIA
CSsOf .pojysd moxd)
~teentt ,wollod 03 bsouba1 (2ebald tuodaiw eevaed 4h -
-(atagossitt) betosqxd .eslotieq stsiqee ,lestxbatlys :
-begolsveb-Iisw eabeld dttw ‘gavasd. of = 7
-(gisiX ot aeno Isesd sd3 yleo) siqmia asveal .S ”
Siysooorbyi ......., sssseeboq 93 3s gntioor ,aniqesto emsz2 .£
(gtsix ,swkanyrtd) betssqxS .to9%8 amsa2 z a) 7 a
_sbamogmea savest .§ |
-bioqas visvamisq ,asd2 io Jaom xo .asvacd «A
fijiw ,stifiaud ttuzi ;2:aedolg essilsdal] .t
i Biuotose SEseaeesres nee nsnerigsncncrinns BO FESTE badoosd
sdifiud jom ttuti :seodoly tom a
erswol? preivgerzt ¥
posal Piven sar bre
154.
6. Umbels regular; flowers yellow; calyx
teeth and involucels prominent; fruit
oblong or oval. Expected (Zizia).
4, Leaves not palmately compound.
7. Leaves ternately compound or decompound.
Expected (Zizia, Chaerophyllum, Osmorhiza).
7. Leaves pinnate or pinnately decompound.
8. Plants annual.
9. Plants glabrous; leaf segments filiform;
fruits glabrous; involucral bracts
pinnately parted...... sfejevotehevehel ofelishonelio sete bitten mmentim
9. Plants rough-pubescent; leaf segments
lanceolate; fruits with hooked bristles;
involucral bracts small, lanceolate,
sometimes absent. Expected (Torilis).
8. Plants biennial or perennial.
10. Plant pubescent.
11. Plant bristly-hispid; involucre
conspicuous, of leafy, pinnately
parted bracts; fruit oblong,
barbed-bristly on the winged
GAlbSicveree's stotelet eter cheFovenen ene Selsiciuieisierseeee DACs
11. Plant closely pilose above;
involucre absent; fruit oval
or ovate, pubescent (not barbed),
winged laterally, flattened
dorsally. Expected (Angelica).
10. Plant glabrous.
12. Flowers yellow; plants mesophytic,
in fields, etc. Expected (Pastinaca).
12. Flowers white; plants hydrophytic,
poisonous.
13. Fruit wavy-ribbed; involucre
and involucels of ovate-
acuminate bracts; calyx teeth
absent. Expected (Conium).
ey ein ebasleeia tt oo
ep Berlaoy 35/9 ‘geaEsy paestini Lek 7
“iho yissemal¢ wo atwany aaveat ad
Asuaas adaelt a
(oreo TMT? “stooges Yan! imesadta adnate =f
e956%¢-laxsulovad jt oycortdels-eitor? = - an
PA riielss ere dtveeyecnens +, D53rey Plotantiq<. Bec S
a
eitteoese: Teel petri 2acdetedguod atrmelf .2
wa 4) jeatterst basosl -daiw etiuyvt :stelneone!
ae Statosvack ,lises atonrd Lexoytaval = Tes
(GRiEIaT) ‘Hetosekd .jitende woutasmog hae
taisastsaq to tslorohd afasly x8 = a
i
\
Cris) raoesdia 2329689 Of
my, ,
An
1 | an r ij
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i s,s * =
et Visdnotirg {rlcal to. ,sdoeuratgewas as
i! san0Ld® tus? Fetsetd patsy
’ =
BE: pasniw sf9 on vlietid-hadyed
iq - ? i
day eg el Sy oP a aden a
i =
uN ; : : . ;
a a! LaYvods Lipo viaeels taes4 i
7 i
tay Lsyo' 7hinyt «Unease atoytovat
} a Chsdssd son) amiegadia ,alsyvo x0
vi nateIIeli” -vileysizi beantw =o
AD s(s5tfoumh) bsdo8cx ‘ised :. Se
‘ _—, +
- doris late sqeli4 sOrt
; ¢2tivdgqopsm ataslg jwolloy etowoi4 wR
.fassnttess) betseqsd 4535 ,ableis wt
P Obs yigerbyi ainslq cszidw aveiget) eSfewdue 4
oi Yaris ,
-aupROELNG
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» '#938¥0 Io) zlaculopat bas
2, been ea
155%.
13. Fruit with straight ribs or winged;
involucre and involucels of narrow
bracts or the former absent; calyx
teeth present (may be minute).
14, Fruit winged laterally, flattened
dorsally. (Also, roots tuberous;
leaves simply pinnate; leaflets
entire or remotely toothed;
calyx teeth evident). Expected
(Oxypolis).
14, Fruit not winged laterally.
(Also, umbels compound; fruit
ovate to oblong, or orbicular
in Cicuta).
15. Leaves simply pinnate; stems
corrugated; involucre present;
fruit with prominent corky
ribs and broad red-brown furrows;
calyx teeth minute........... spale) OeuUIM
15. Leaves twice or thrice pinnate;
stems terete; involucre usually
absent; fruit with rounded corky
ribs and dark furrows; calyx
teeth prominent. (Also, leaf veins
tend in direction of notches
between teeth). Expected (Cicuta).
Hydrocotyle
Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. Water Pennywort
(Collected by H. David Hammond).
Java Farm. Probably along Fox Point Road.
Sanicula
Sanicula canadensis L. Black Snakeroot
Java Farm. One station: mew entrance road, near culvert of
Fox Creek drainage. Hectare 2573. Canopy of Juglans nigra and
Liquidambar styraciflua. Higman 69, 310.
Cryptotaenia
Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. Honewort, Wild Chervil
Java Farm. Moderately abundant along old entrance road, from
entrance gate nearly to main building area. Canopy of Quercus alba,
Fagus grandifolia, etc. over most stations. Higman 793, 820, 933, 980.
yam) desea Hae? Wy
q _begatw. thus, ALS
E -yilserob
[ gibi eaehs sevsal
' ari ylestomot qo saidine
saonngndh .(4esbive d3sot xyiso
-(shoava®) ‘i
,vilersis! Sagniw tor. ituxi
thus? ;bovegmos eladmw ,o8tA)
taduotdro 10.,gmeldo 02 2isve-
«fadyokd mk
aniste satsantq yiqmte esveat .¢f
sgaeesiq stiuloval ;boteguancs
Agteas tasatmorg diiw iioz..
jaworr? mword-bsx beord base adiz
mute Si vidukwawas <> vyatunia fises. xylea
;stannig sotids yo soiw2 asvss.t
yilsueu sroylovat ;et9153 amese
yizos bebavor dtiw thoxi ;Jaseds
xviso ;eworitu? Ayah bas ediz
antey tesI) obiA) .4nertmorg disst
aetatjon to moksoe1lbh al bass
-(p3uatD) betosqrad. (iftess reawisod
alyioootbyH ‘f
Sagwynnet otal -dnodT s3eilkotarey slisaeaeae a
| . (bnommeH bivedl -H vd betosifo ‘a
B&O tnteT xo% gnola qidedot oral aval
pivoiasé
toorsdsn2 Avsia J ghansbeas sta
to drsvivo rss0 (bos soa57308 wen rimottste sn® .areT svat
bas Bs al lo yqous2. .é\2S sisiosH -sgenis2b donate
OEE ,20 snes -sulitossyse isdmsbhiu
-90 (.2)
156.
Ptilimnium
Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michx.) Raf. Mock Bishop-weed
Java Farm. One station: shore of Muddy Creek near upstream
limit of salt marsh. Hectare 3403. Associate species: Panicum
virgatum, Baccharis halimifolia, Aster subulatus, Cyperus strigosus.
Higman 254.
Daucus
Daucus carota L. Wild Carrot
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent; in grassy old fields, along
roadsides, etc. Higman 138, 199, 953.
Sium
Sium suave Walt. Water Parsnip
Ivy Neck. One station: margin of cut-off pond on Rhode River shore
of Cheston Peninsula. Hectare 4800. Associate species: Sambucus
canadensis, Rumex verticillatus, Sparganium eurycarpum. Higman 948.
CORNACEAE
1. Flowers green or purple, in a close cyme or head,
with a large 4-bracted white or pink involucre;
ErULE TEI. ccevcecccecccveseceesevrecevesevsceserveses Ge florida
1. Flowers white or creamy, in open cymes, without
involucre; fruit blue or white.
2. Leaves alternate, but appearing whorled by
crowding fat tips tof branches. ..j:).10\. 00sec «ces eleeeiee) Ce alternifolia
2. Leaves opposite, not crowded at tips of branches.
3. Cymes long, loosely paniculate; leaves 1 to
4 cm. broad. (Also, pedicels bright red).
Expected (C. racemosa).
3. Cymes compact, broad and flat-topped;
leaves 1.5 to 13 cm. broad.
ode: “pio £4838 940° sings oie the ‘
ye otsissH’ .devam'dise to akekt
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ok jth €e@ CCL BEL cemgit “1998 eabtaber
+
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. ‘cauiviiaaia 938 «3 LewW sveue. md
sade ovis shoiA mo beoq tio-Ju5 to aigyem :noltste enO jdaen wi :
a ih spetosqea sitefFooezA .0082 sxniosH .sluentesd motesdd io.
mmuaieoyins migegreg? ,2utalltoiizey eames ,akenobanso
BAIIAMHOD
Wh Mi been 4¢ syd se0ls 5 si ,slqruq to a997g etewolt-.f
a rstoutlovat adakq 10 stidw betoasd-) sgusl 6 Atiw 2G
Petes renee sea ere rene eseweseneeersserevenseeDet F ;
cs: abixoli 2 teat 2 i
M 9 oat
i: . ; tuodtiw ,e90rgo oeqo ni ,vameto ro stidw erowort ‘a
aa ,etidw 10 ould thus? jsteulovat 7
yd beltorw geivesqqs jud ,stanyedis sevaat A. 2.
He ak eve ence saveverseve se BSHONEAS. 20 agt? Ja Snipers
saSilonsid Yo agi? 48 bebwors jon ,stieoqqo esvaad LS) 200m)
. f
o3 L esvest ‘sialiadalincs yisacol ,gnol aoa, .€
. (a8 Fdgiad sisokbag .08fA) bao yas} 9 OP) > Se
(saomeoe «Q) bessaqull 9)
iboqqos+telt bas beord .Ja6 aamyd
oie -bsoxd «mo Ef oF ent eeveal
eas:
Le aaa -
Sa, Selby far ; : a Ohian: d »
W573
4, Pith of branches 1 to 2 years old white.
Expected (3 species).
4, Pith of branches 1 to 2 years old brown.
(Also, leaves smooth above, appressed
puberulent beneath; fruit blue)........ Selsieesso eee) Gey amomum
Cornus florida L. Flowering Dogwood
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant in
abandoned fields; associate species: Liquidambar styraciflua, Acer
rubrum, Quercus palustris. Also infrequent to moderately abundant in
mature upland forest of old entrance road, under canopy of Quercus
alba, Fagus grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera, etc. Higman 33, 603.
C. alternifolia L. f£. Green Osier,
Pagoda-dogwood
Java Farm. One station: west slope of Hog Island. Canopy of
Quercus alba and Quercus prinus. Associate species: Kalmia latifolia,
Viburnum acerifolium. Hectare 3592. Higman 103.
C. amomum Mill. Red Willow
Java Farm. Infrequent in valley of Muddy Creek under canopy of
Fraxinus americana, and in freshwater marsh at western boundary, west
of old Muddy Creek Road.
Ivy Neck. One station near source of a tributary to the east
fork of Scaffold Creek estuary. Hectare 4677. Associate species:
Acer rubrum, Liquidambar styraciflua. Higman 71, 186, 413.
PYROLACEAE
1. Leaves green, well-developed; plant self-supporting.
2. Stem leafy; flowers in a corymb. (Also, in
species collected, leaves thick and shiny,
Walia uWillitseyaVCciTlS) Neweifeuekoyepehenetoue: oueouekeus) sacneKchoneue sels) o cideieie ee) Cama pnaelta
2. Stem scapose, leafy only near base; flowers in
a raceme. Expected (Pyrola).
1. Leaves white, scaly; plant saprophytic or root-
parasitic.
“92th Wo einen {02 1 sadamned ‘8
. an mie (eabosqeve): manera
a “pao Bis. eee Sas 5h eatonnedidi
heesoxgus .pveds dooms esvacl (oH
ceeke, Skerry :djaened ane tursadag
Me hans ee ee ey ewe
Boewg00 goksowolt | easy wns al
debpidlo WIS te iskos OF Jaairesyigs doo¥ ata | brs azat aves
Gaye tedmahtimel sretosqe Steiseses ;abisi? henobe
yisteisban bt indahebm oaiA ,aitealles \aupmeuD seER
ey 30 waqonns /39ban brow Sinavns blo ae peerere: Wyte oui
808 rs “rnsutig Ih 4 3I8 PEERLESS ‘gthus goshssbolks3.t :, eb to2% PDABTR eoget sala
gtalad. raed ee a eb oa Ee sehr 18%: a
i pata Gh 4 hays . es Caine
y 46 giver .postel poll to oqote Jasw 161% “eNO, - ret, SRL,
Ea ae. feerosgs Sssaliooew sumtyd, 4 wateut” a a adiae
ee, (EOL demgti .SeCk stazo A moi lothgson mages
Tk ) WoLliW box LLM mswmm a: |
a Re vquaes sshau fser) vor | yaliev ni taevparins wiMteI ayet
a SMeAW, ,Yesbried Htytcow Jn Jed tSIowtaeri od brs anes ssess ay i
or hood dear? yobuet: bio. cv
r ; Stee wit 09 eeesuviee 8 26, doxvae, THON HotIado lank 493% eve ™
Ric raetoody Simroeess! AN Ob sy Toon 71a) 2a0/ 08940 Sietteor 36 A038
: BE) ASLAN cong” .wifdiaesysa: we sdmeb Lupa aorta
3aut-Lies tgnalq shbaqolaval-iow: (peetg esveod yf
oa fs) dongioo 6 ak vyawold pxtesl mage %
(vetin bon wottd asvasl, basosiles seloage
0 edie een eee eee wis (anbet aantsiy Haw : |
a ee tapi sand Ou P
eyswolt ;send aéec viwo vinel ,emogese Mate Ge
(ghar) tejoscge® > .smeces Ss
“a
~2007 70 nravdaorane snsiiq. ecnoe, godiiw’ —
sky it» tear
158.
3. Plant white, fleshy, odorless; flowers 1 or
few, nodding; petals 4 to 6, separate; calyx
of 2 to 5 bracts; deciduous forest habitat.......... Monotropa
3. Plant purple-brown, somewhat fleshy, sweet-
scented when fresh; flowers several in a
raceme, nodding at first; petals united; calyx
of 5 regular sepals; pine forest habitat.
Expected (Monotropsis).
Chimaphila
Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh. Wintergreen,
Waxflower
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant on forested slopes
overlooking Muddy Creek valley and Fox Creek estuary. Canopy
usually of Quercus alba, Acer rubrum, Liquidambar styraciflua, and a
few Pinus virginiana. Higman 94, 884.
Monotropa
Monotropa uniflora L. Indian-pipe,
Corpse-plant
Java Farm. One station: among leaf litter at base of dead
Quercus alba, along north boundary between old entrance gate and
Muddy Creek. Higman 1182.
ERICACEAE
1. Ovary inferior; fruit a dark blue to black berry.
(Also, corolla 5-cleft; stamens 10).
2. Leaves with many amber glandular dots; ovary
10-locular; anthers not awned at base..........+++-. Gaylussacia
2. Leaves not glandular-dotted; ovary either 5
locular and the anthers awnless, or ovary 10-
locular and anthers awmed at base...e.ececccoeceeeeee Vaccinium
1. Ovary superior; fruit a capsule, berry-like in
Gaultheria.
3. Plant prostrate and trailing, sub-herbaceous.
Pe a
juawe esi sadwomos wees 4s
"gp ak Isveves ‘evowolt :deet? nedw. besnsoe
yeles tbediinu elateq :dexti Ys gutbbom ,smsosT
,astided Jesr0% sntq ;elsqes taluger ¢- Ete
(a sageetoaey) befoaqxd >
as giingbmkto
| ghigeagrotntw | dew (2) ssloogm
Vqawoltxs!
aagots potas? fo dasbauds yletereboa ot insypettal .ornrst eval:
sae ai .yreuies deexd mot bos yollev As9x0 ybbum suttoolsere a
. setimgbiupht. « ‘ dpy yok ,edis suoxeu) ta ile
; 7 he neat -Bastabaxty sunkd ita fe on
5 ria
en ByoTtanoM :
.ogiqu-netbal I sxolitay sqowonoM | |
jnslq-saq710d os
i] f : —
a | Beeb to. 9e6d 35 zeit)! tsel gnome ~:mottede sO mei ‘evat. So
a baa Sisg sonetine bio ssewled yrabaved diton gnols ,adis By95" o
‘ Bg! -SBLL memgtH ~.tesxd ybbi
SAHOADISS a
eerisd fosid 09 Suld axeh 6 Jiuy? jrobreiak yrsyO bie
(OL ansmaas itieLa~2 ailoroo | souls)
yrsvo :a706 aa tebiistiy asda yam dilw esvssd ii
Vetaavivversss 980d Je benws Jon essdans tuBlusal~0s
». 2 yedsis yrevo ;bedsob-telvbaalg Jom devacd oe
¥ -0L yrsve to ,eseliwe exeitas of3 bas telusol =
fuged 39 8V Chabevehvecaesessss9eed ds S9nws Latin i ee heer pi
Us toe
at slii-yr1ad elveqns | 5 atuad ¢
IE WS)¢
4, Leaves acute at base, glabrous or sparsely
bristly beneath; fruit berry-like, red.
Expected (Gaultheria).
4. Leaves round to cordate at base, red-hirsute
beneath; fruit a capsule. (Also, stems,
petioles, and capsules hirsute).............. Epigaea
3. Plant an erect shrub.
5. Corolla globose, ovoid, or tubular; capsule
loculicidal. (Also, anthers open at apex;
flowers white, in lateral racemes or
umbelliform clusters). Expected (Lyonia,
Leucothoe).
5. Corolla funnelform, campanulate, or saucer-
shaped; capsule septicidal.
6. Corolla funnelform, irregularly lobed;
capsule cylindric, 10-25 mm. long. (Also,
flowers pink, leaves deciduous in species
COMME CEE) eicie vice oieie eisle sivleeisiel oidele ehelssiecisierels <RnOGodendron!
6. Corolla saucer-shaped, regular; capsule
depressed-globose, less than 10 mm. long.. Kalmia
Gaylussacia
1. Leaves copiously glandular-dotted on both sides;
fruit black, not glaucouS......esecesccceseecseccesees G. baccata
1. Leaves moderately glandular-dotted, on underside
only; fruit dark blue, glaucous......seescssccceeeeees G frondosa
Gaylussacia baccata (Wang.) K. Koch Black Huckleberry
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant under canopy of
Quercus prinus, along banks of estuaries and on Hog Island. Also
at Java Farm, infrequent on slopes overlooking Muddy Creek valley
(hectares 2467 and 3415) under canopy of Fagus grandifolia and
Quercus alba. Associate species: Kalmia latifolia, Rhododendron
nudiflorum, Vaccinium staminiym. Higman 106, 110, 475, 675.
G. frondosa (L.) T. and B. Dangleberry
Java Farm. Infrequent on Hog Island (hectare 3592) under
Quercus prinus canopy. Associated with G. baccata and its associate
species, above. Higman 111.
sere -ydtaened | tite
: yi Lt Vossen
siusye> eee x9 above jseodols siloxo a:
iksq6 te nego sacle .oelA) ,tabtottveol, ae oe
xo aemessy Is1sisl at ,stidw erswolt =
sisoyd) basosqxa sAessteuts mrottitedans
+ (sof3ogue1
“y9nes xO ,Stslunequss ,grotlenaut abigail
-Ilabiotsgqee otyaqso *hegene *
tbadol, vlisiugssst ,gzelleanut allored aa aE
-opfA) anol .em 8-01 ,olrbailyo sioaqas 34 yy
aatosqe sk euoubiosbh ssveal ~antq axewolt tiqnths
7 aenevet oer eeaereraernene ee ccaes sey tbedoatiog iat >. ae
siuaqs> jisliugs? ,bogede-T3s9Ve8e aliforad. .a
simisa ..gool ,mo 0] sacs aaal ,saodelg-heeeatgeb
i" ea
i :aabie dzod no betzob~ysivbaslg ylevatqos eevaad » eo
BOBOSAG «Dincervecreveeraeresseenercrys -evesuelg ton ,%onid: dius? a
ffi . ' 6fevsbau no .bstaob-relubasle yloetsiasbom ssveed oe
BSGOROST -D estes een este ee ners .euoouelg ,suld Arab diurt pyine
Bs yesedsitoull Hoots dood .0 (,ansW) stssoad stossauleD
76 ygones ashoy Inshauds qisistabot, aise! evi bas miei evel
Seth .badfel gof no bus ssttauses Yo aiissd grote ates |
baa Hteo2d ybbuM. gattoalyeve esqole ao Jnoupetiat .ias
bastg augny to ygons> rsbay (C1d€ bas A@SS- ‘soxesaed)
skiottts! here secon a igen +5018 2:
Libaatat
160.
Vaccinium
1. Leaves not more than 1 cm. long, rounded at both
ends; stem trailing; corolla cleft to below the
middle, its lobes recurved. Expected (V. macro-
carpon).
1. Leaves 2-7 cm. long, acute at both ends (or some
apically rounded in V. vacillans); stem erect;
corolla shallowly cleft.
2. Flowers subtended by leafy bracts much smaller
than the foliage leaves, in panicles or racemes;
anthers 2-awned on the back. (Also, leaf veins
thinly puberulent on both sides; corolla white)..... V. stamineum
2. Flowers not subtended by bracts, in small racemes
or corymbs; anthers awnless.
3. Leaves finely and sharply serrulate (also
entire in V. corymbosum).
4. Leaves narrowly elliptic, 2-3 cm. long, not
over 1 cm. wide. Expected (V. angustifolium).
4, Leaves broadly elliptic or ovate, 4-6 cm.
long, 2 cm. wide or more. (Also, corollas
pink; berries blue to black, glaucous)........ V. corymbosum
3. Leaves entire, occasionally slightly serrulate
near the apex. (Also, corolla usually pink to
reddish, cylindric to urceolate; berry blue to
black, 5-8 mm. dia). :
5. Leaves elliptic to oval, the smaller lateral
ones more circular; twigs often bright green.
(Also, berry dark blue, faintly glaucous)..... V. vacillans
5. Leaves all elliptic or ovate, acute; twigs
dull green or brownish.
6. Leaves very tomentulose beneath, especially
on the veins; berries shiny black, not
glaucous.
6. Leaves sparsely puberulent or glabrous
beneath; berries dark blue to blue-black,
glaucous.
amos ¥5) abas ‘dood da 23098 «asl smo Vee
r3oeme@ mae (ensiitoey Wak bebauer tao
; cy qiwollsde Bit
i es te qos Lemme dowm atoard Vissl xd baba siie: acoiokt Br
(POBMOORT To eoloined wt ,aevsel agettot sda asda <
ee. : nitey Yoel o2ztA) toad sit so benwe-S eredjon”
Mweutmsse, WY seas. (Odie clicyos :dabta dtod so taoluredyg. vlog
aomeopr Tleme tk , 2a onied yd babys tdue oa eyswolt se
; -2oolmvs sxsdins radimyiaa to.)
oats) srelurws vigista bose yioakt esvesd. |
-(mueodmysos .V at satsne
oT) nw atom ,erot «ao €-S (atsqilis yiworrsn sevesd ce ee
-(emplotizeugag J) betoeaxd .sbiw «mo / Taye
et (mG O-\ ,S23svo to ofsqrils yibsowd esveed .#
— | asifioses {oslA) «stom to sbiv .mo S$ anol See
a ‘ musodmv re. Vv teveeeyvetaponvaty ,doeld oj -enld esirread iAntaq a a
it: 5 stjaluries ¥i Idsiie yilanoleassoe ,oatines 2av55,) ioe a: he
oe By 64 Jotq elisyeu slloteo ,oatA) -x908 30d TES - Bie
hl . _ 03 suid yried :ajalosor 01 olybatly> ,detbber pe
in -(eib. .omr 8-€ jdosnid £8
ay :
ie fetetel asilame st4 ,fave o1 stiqklfe esvaed .t
3 ,@ee%g tipizd satio egitwa ;tsivoxto som apgo aan =.
- We St. eee
emelltosy WY iseee(euenuelgs ylinist ,sold dish yrxad”, oBfA)
aeiwo !44098 estevo zo ottatite- ifs goveal, Ae )
dataword vo asexg Link
: - F Se 42%,87 ry
yilebosqes ,iteeasd seoluinomod yisy aevasd . Fy cos wit oe
ey. gon ,koeld yaide esixssd :antsy sdi #e ns . saat
,eueomstg 2
— @uewasis to tnaluxedug¢ ylearsge coved TRIES *
win siontd-suld o3 suld axeb ea, d3gete i <a
n® 4
160a.
7. Leaves 3-5 cm. long; corolla 5-6 mm.
long, dull white; berry 5-8 mm. dia.
Expected (V. caesariense)
7. Leaves 5-8 mm. long; corolla 7-12 mm.
long, bright white; berry 6-12 mm. dia... V. corymbosum
Vaccinium stamineum L. Deerberry
Java Farm. Infrequent along old Muddy Creek Road and on upland
slopes of Muddy Creek.valley. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus
alba, Quercus prinus. Associate species: Gaylussacia baccata.
Higman 647, 671
V. vacillans Torr. Low Bilberry
Java Farm. Moderately abundant on Fox Point peninsula. Hectare
3559. Canopy of Quercus prinus. Associate species: Rhododendron
nudiflorum, Vaccinium stamineum, Gaylussacia baccata, Kalmia latifolia.
Higman 1240.
V. corymbosum L. High-bush Bilberry
Ivy Neck. One station: southern shore of Scaffold Peninsula.
Hectare 5763. Canopy of Quercus prinus, Quercus alba, Carya tomentosa,
and Fagus grandifolia. Higman 845.
Epigaea
Epigaea repens L. _ Mayflower, Trailing
Arbutus
Java Farm. Infrequent at Fox Point and Hog Island. Hectares
3559 and 3592. Canopy of Quercus prinus. Associate species:
Gaylussacia baccata, Kalmia latifolia, Vaccinium staminium. Higman
NOS US 6i7i
i ee ‘ghet abbexes egriol .
“seen Ba SL-8 yaad peably ctabad oa
“baeiqu a0 bas heat #gs19 biol bio groin panercee ‘eet nets :
i pyorsuO ~pelortbhas ‘ Fecal to yqomsD .yvettev dsoxd vbbult Ye. E
bee t9Eg8 Sajstsosaé SRBEAE
gated lie wos
° e@isg03h .elvenined jnkoT “0% fo Jonbavdsa ylejs79boN serra evel Py.
“errs rapinsde stetooaad .apatsg guoteuD to’ yqomed 46
FE Brpkee .atgoved sioneoufve) .mmaatmate musnboae’ « muro.
a “ee 7
i
se Sivs ais amibal et to arsine gisizuoe <ssokists on0 ~,ao9K% qt
a waasaenes. 20302 « Mis eyoseu) ,Buatig eugzeyh to yqos? “gate a18399H
| 2N8 oomgih .etlotibpers eugs’ bas
e£eagiot = - :
ie grblicsT prewoltyem .f aosgst sseghge
Pas audi . a
@ezesosh «.heplsl sod bee Joho? xcY 49 treupsiidl § -ofeT-svel
a a seutcbge sdskocteA .syals4 acgysu0 Io yaqomed .SeZE bag CCee.
Fee mats mtihests nytntoss) fifo sis! sinle® -B25998d TEE ea
161.
Rhododendron
1. Flowers preceding the leaves or accompanying the
young ones.
2. Plants colonial, with subterranean stolons; corolla
buds with rows of stalked glands; conolla glabrous
within. Expected (R. atlanticum).
2. Plants not strikingly colonial; corolla buds
glandless; corolla tube pubescent within.
3. Leaves pubescent beneath; flowers fragrant.
Expected (R. maximum, R. atlanticum).
3. Leaves glabrous beneath or with strigose midrib;
flowers not fragrant. (Also, pedicels and calyx
not glandular; corolla tube pilose without)....... R. nudiflorum
1. Flowers expanding after the leaves.
4. Young branchlets and leaves glabrous; calyx lobes
not glandular; ovary densely glandular-villous.
Expected (R. arborescens).
4, Young branchlets bristly or strigose; leaves bristly
on the midrib beneath; pedicels and calyx lobes
glandular-hirsute; ovary strigose, not glandular..... R. viscosum
Rhododendron nudiflorum (L.) Torr. Election-pink,
Pinxter-flower
Java Farm. Infrequent on Fox Point (hectare 3559; canopy of
Quercus prinus) and on west-facing slope overlooking Muddy Creek
(hectare 3415; canopy of Fagus grandifolia and associates). Canopy
at both sites includes Quercus alba, Q. velutina, and Carya tomentosa.
Associate species at both stations: Gaylussacia baccata, Kalmia
latifolia, Vaccinium spp. Higman 102, 401.
R. viscosum (L.) Torr. Swamp Honeysuckle
Java Farm. Infrequent at Fox Point. Hectare 3559. Canopy and
associates as for R. nudiflorum, above. Higman 646.
ade acne iste satis ests
yo gabdntg Sexless. to swox diiw, eb
Aguas eet e: i) barveaet Nera:
bud gi Lexo> pisteolos eigaidtrre goa eae
‘een gae drasesdag, edu ehrore jeuolbasty
aasieed. Met? pitaened se cola Bovead rs
s(aktosias .f ompuixem .2) bedoequal e,
ins
{drtbha asogixas dziw yo disensd suordely “sees. 2: ui
wvlas: bao: aleotbeq ,oelA) Srexgesy Jos etawoLt
fee estduontiw asoity adut silows, oe lubaatg aon"
‘,peveol sit zadis gaubeiae 3 atawn.
aedol xyiso sesuotdeig esvael bua atoidonaag goo
easel Livexolubnslg ylegnah ytEve -tsivbigeig Jot
. (enepeasoda A) baanegen
i gukad gavasl psavgiise a9 vitetad etetdonerd combi oe
Bren ; gatol xyin> bae aleotbeq sdasened diibhe ada for. He
guzopely WS «i, <aelubaalg ton ,sacgsaia YISve ¢ sivertd-ratobaslg
gi wJatqemotzoel3
sewol3-ts duntd
to. YIOGES GREK’ eras os: {) gud0T xo% oo JireupstTinl mrs aveL
‘eecd qbou gotdeoiseve aqots geet
gt~seaw po bine Sghya
DeeGaptetcoees bes sifoithupry 2uge% to yqotss 7eL8E stasoas
uses Bie bith? 0. Tov 2 .£0is5 gootsup asdlisak astie Aged (2
a1 ‘EAB ODES | Biospeus yao enctisatn died Jn eeibeqa sastoose
(od , SOL nampi# .qqe mbatossV ere
.xto? Cl) suaoneky 4
bai)’ jbes odns) Ree. Stasosh .Fakod xo% Js Jagupo7ial int evel
en 06a néagif .svede wwrelttbud A incall #9 a2taio
Siioueysaol gaow?
162.
Kalmia
Kall mataielatasrolaia win. Mountain Laurel
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant on moderately
steep, usually west-facing slopes overlooking Muddy Creek and its
tributaries. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, Liriodendron
tulipifera.
Dominates understory on steep west-facing slope of Hog Island,
under canopy of Quercus alba and Quercus prinus. Less frequent
under the same canopy at Fox Point and along estuary shoreline at
Ivy Neck. Associate species: Gaylussacia baccata. Higman 801.
PRIMULACEAE
Anagallis arvensis L. Scarlet Pimpernel
Ivy Neck. One station: beside tractor trail to abandoned
field on Scaffold Peninsula. Hectare 4740. Associate species:
Galinsoga ciliata, Mollugo verticillata, Diodia teres, Polygonum
aviculare. Higman 835.
PLUMBAGINACEAE
Limonium
ieCalyx tube! plabrousiie cs clsrsjeqeje) erence oie elelsiereie seieleil einen. «eile NCanOleinianum
1. Calyx tube pubescent at base and part way up the
angled SIGES c/o cin acs 60 ceo cs sie 4 00 clei siciois w clelec ete s ev eicleie ae Masha £
Limonium carolinianum (Walt.) Britt. Sea Lavender
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent in flooded parts of salt
marshes, Associate species: Spartina alterniflora, Spartina cynosuroides,
Baccharis halimifolia. Higman 993.
L. Nashii Small Sea Lavender
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent in flooded parts of salt
marshes, Associated with L. carolinianum above. Higman 212.
6 90. Je d
gaat) ‘vbbut ates. para leds cE
| adie seam ene suse hoe eres
easier. ua. He sqo fa gana dese Pete ae ehoseasben aahactooe:
> Jasppe1? 260. 9, sunkyg suorju) ona sits sy o2aul 20 NAR
Se eaklenods Yasvies, godle boa tniof got +4 yqouss ame, ont
ee : eng a a ; agen atoneantvad :a9iosqe arainersA: ve
HARDATUMIAS
Jwavenat? soisent fe a yehaeite sippavas abt
44 sblead inok3site on0 sat wi
henabeate of Eins? fotos
{i 91a 2o0H Rapenarss ss bioti 58 a6 pis.
eA sh pelhy azatooras .0e'
nevia® Ex EN pibos® ,aieliistsisy Oi ulloM ,adetits sgoeg his
fais = aay een F eee ~ RRP betes AGES we S
se LAke pater :
SAUQAMIGAEMUIG
PPrmysidreibos sc TG ea oaeaae there k= BA CESS RRA ta auordsle sdut ected «dh
/ aifa qu waw tine sed Je pHaceediq adi x52 salle
f OS SS ‘ee ., evble bokgne =
jane (2 Lan) si2ioes ee
TAS PeROe f3¢nb tngupetic! ,Asar yvi baa met ‘aval
‘nauiie satitsac dacegte bi 9is6i3088A ee
2hee ape eteti wh oe en teoene
seCO Tnggrn _ tibet ied
, THASvET nO
OoHSVS.
Skee Yo aiine beSool? at ‘inawpetial .Ase% ‘vi -bas ars svat!
AIS esegif -ovods mupebatiors: «1 ditw ladatangal
(Oe aan
i
2 14a ee
‘ % A ,
a iia
?¢ > -
; :
A
163.
EBENACEAE
Diospyros virginiana L. Persimmon
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields. Associate species:
Quercus palustris, Acer rubrum, Liquidambar styraciflua.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in old fields as above. Also moderately
abundant in canopy along drainage of Cheston Creek. Associate species
there: Robinia pseudoacacia, Platanus occidentalis, Liquidambar
styraciflua.
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent in salt marshes, apparently
the less saline parts. Associate species: Panicum virgatum, Typha
latifolia. Also on sandbars. Higman 116, 158, 233, 293, 383, 512, 746.
OLEACEAE
1. Plant a large tree; leaves pinnate; fruit a samara.... Fraxinus
1. Plant a woody shrub or small tree; leaves simple;
fruit a wingless capsule, drupe or berry.
2. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. (Also, plant
cultivated or escaped; flowers lilac-purple;
leaves ovate, acuminate, entire, petioled,
truncate or subcordate at base)......eseccecscevces Syringa
2. Fruit a drupe or berry.
3. Petals linear, nearly separate. Expected
(Chionanthus).
3. Petals united, funnelform corolla with broad
lobes. (Also, panicles terminal, erect;
stigma 2-lobed; berry 2-locular)................ Ligustrum
Fraxinus
1. Leaflets definitely on wingless petiolules. (Also,
leaflets acuminate, with round or broadly acute base;
samaras with a distinct flat wing and terete body).
2. Leaflets abruptly acuminate, equilateral at base,
oblong to ovate or obovate; samaras 3-5 cm. long,
the wing 4-7 mm. broad, the body .7-1.6 cm. long.
(Also, leaflets may be serrulate near summit)...... F. americana
(Typical species has glabrous branchlets, pet-
ioles, and lower surfaces of leaflets; var.
biltmoreana has these pubescent and the
leaflets white beneath).
a egantesb ‘gale Yqones |
seaazer pemcuic one 24. dt
xseitenso lee a Ineupsz3a! tos set bina
+eaioeqe SisisoeaA . atisq 3
i , Off asegii vexadbane fo “on lh
TATOALIO
4 ae BTRRS 6 thur? :stanatq aevacl 29973) eae & snslt a
‘setquie’ agveol Peers Elame to duxde. yboow 8- Sook, af
.“s79d x0 aqurd . alneqes esslgatw 5 shut pes uy
ee Soatq ,oafA) ,eivaqeo Iebtorivool's sturtil
. Lgbovdennatit axswoli :b9qno89 70 bstavidiue
beloriey ,sxtioe ,eieatmos ,otevo sevasl
ere agnkyy? Meg vote sin peer ectateend 38 eipbyovdua 10 odsoauT?
‘a — yo eqush s -3iuzt 58
i, betosqxd .starsqee yizasw ,xeenit elsjoty .€
‘ (auslgapmotd3) i). ae
a baoid iftiw alioros mtotleanu} basins eleze% R ae |
" :to97a tanieres ralotasg ,oalA) .padol Mie)
BUSHSGALT oo ess esse nye e +s Crpivool-S yx199 .padol—& amgise
; ; qugkes27 EN re
,o8tA) .selulotzeq esaigniw ao > eientiatal wttand
ipand syuos vibeoyd to bavos d3tiw ,stentens aisl
a (ybod ators bas gukw dit sonktatb, 6 datw sonal re
,easd 48 Isieteikupe ,steatmwss ulsqusde adalined. at ul
09 @=€ setamse gesavodo ro S3eve 69 gnoldo
sgitol «mo 3.f-%. ybod ods .bsoad .mm S-) gatw sda
sesave(Stmaue seen otelurise ad yam eteltaol woth)
at ,atsidonexd avoxdalg ead ealseqa Taok Aah
wae ,eteliest to eszsitie sewol bas . eeiol
ed? Baa sasasedug east ont ; :
. (djaened
164.
2. Leaflets long-acuminate, inequilateral at base,
lanceolate to oblong or elliptic; samaras (4) 5.5
(7.5) cm. long, the wing 6-12 mm. broad, the body
1-3 cm. long. (Also, branchlets, peticles, and
leaf rachiese velvet-tomentose)......c.ccseeceeeeces Fe. tomentosa
1. Leaflets sessile, or subsessile on winged petiolules.
(Also, leaflets lanceolate to oblong, with broadly
acute base).
3. Leaflets entire or undulate, rarely serrulate,
often inequilateral at base, on winged petiolules;
samaras 4-7.5 cm. long, wing extending to middle
of body. (Also, leaflets usually 7).
(Typical species has pubescent branchlets,
petioles, panicles, and lower surfaces of
leaflets; var. subintegerrima has these
Plabrous trate eck Mebbirere + cce le cececescoeos KE. pennsylvanica
3. Leaflets conspicuously serrate, equilateral at base,
sessile; samaras 2.5-4 cm. long, 6-10 mm. broad, the
body poorly defined, wing extending to base.
Expected (F. nigra).
Fraxinus americana L., var.
biltmoreana (Beadle) J. Wright White Ash
Java Farm. Canopy dominant along bottom of Muddy Creek valley
above tidal portion. Associate species: Platanus occidentalis,
Liquidambar styraciflua, Ulmus americana, Acer rubrum. Understory
chiefly Lindera benzoin. Higman 1043.
F. tomentosa Michx. Red Ash
Java Farm. One station in old field near junction of old
entrance road and road to springhouse. Hectare 3407. Associate
species: Liquidambar styraciflua. Higman 389.
Syringa
Syringa vulgaris L. Lilac
Ivy Neck. One station: yard of reconditioned house near parking
area. Hectare 4720. Cultivated. Higman 1145.
Ligustrum
Ligustrum vulgare L. Privet
Java Farm. One station: main building area. Hectare 2580.
Persistent after cultivation. Higman 828.
eutotsen beaaiw ao Mikendnaneiee! re pee ‘ag
ine no Ew yariae ot sdalesonal a8
ee ‘i 2isivcrsa yierey ,eislubas +o sTiins avalinet’
i 4 tRedulotieg begelw am pend te Ietstelhipaar 13330 — ‘<
“OS Pe bbia. o3 gnihmesus gitw , gaol -.ar @if-6- eB TERS
i Y ifseas’ ateLltes! ,oafA) iybod Io”
,Sigidetasd tasseeduq ead sotssqea faotay®)
j to esostige tewol bone ,asioineg ,aelotteq — —
eeens aad sates agedateue - tsy peyelise! (Se
SG | SPie Fe eeewn eee cee e sen eoewts ea >» (avovtely
«seed Jp Iszetellups 292377948 yisgouvotganos ntolisad <p
Sid ,baowd .mm Ol-o ,gaol .mo d-2.8 eersmee ioftagez :
send oF goibneize gatw ,bestish yitnoq ybed” ta
~ Cozats D> Serena
ptaw yt arkobrems sumks
Hed oat tdigtaW .l fslbes4) ‘Baessoma itd
» yeiisy 2992) ‘chbuli >. aettod. gaola inanimob xqoued waist evel >. |
Hi +ebigtashty50 aunsgalT s:eatoaqa stabsoseA .nolitog Isbiz avods
. WxCIsIaReY “ musydks 169A ,ampotrems aumiU sa! btostyie zedqsblupha <
i , ESOL nagg it Atoshsd arsbatt ylisida —
2 eA bes wxifo EM pemoa -
| 2A 6s. xiiolM geod Ei)
Hilo to nckdonut teas biet} bfe at aetiata sn0 .abT evel
siatsorsA .\08E srstos .savorigaiaqe of beet bas beoy-sonmasing
‘CBE nemgih .aulitossyi2 sedmebtiuphl sastosqa. |
— ; ‘ ~~ : 43 tes
965i EI ol é ivy sgntbsye :
griiteg issn sevod banct3ibacoss 30 beey tnoftete sno assk yet
-COEY osmagit .bateviaivd OSTA expgaol - AQTB
ire ) e: fa
. 4 = ure Ls :
sutsaugss! sae
a iS my
ee
sae a
165,
GENTIANACEAE
1. Leaves alternate, mostly petioled, compound or
crenate. Expected (Menyanthes, Nymphoides).
1. Leaves opposite, sessile, simple, entire.
2. Style filiform; corolla rotate. (Also,
corolla pink, 5-parted; leaves thin, cordate-
GVaAbe HELASPING rete os witcve wieiele oie) eicloteleieic\e clafelafereieisielers wie Oabatdia
2. Style short to absent; corolla campanulate.
3. Calyx lobes 2, resembling leaves. (Also,
corolla white, 4-lobed; leaves thick, cuneate-
ODOVEECS eteecs ce cieie srereierclielel cries c isle eis ecferpasielcieseierene ODOMaidcl
3. Calyx 4- or 5-parted, not resembling leaves.
Expected (Gentiana, Bartonia).
Sabatia
Sabatia angularis (L.) Pers. Rose-pink,
Bitter-bloom
Ivy Neck. One station: along abandoned road through central
Scaffold Peninsula. Hectare 5722. Canopy of Quercus alba, Quercus
velutina, Liriodendron tulipifera. Associate species: Aureolaria
virginica, Vernonia glauca, Amphicarpa bracteata. Higman 964.
Obolaria
Obolaria virginica L. Pennywort
Java Farm. One station: mature forest west of Muddy Creek and
south of old entrance road. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus
alba, Carya tomentosa, Quercus velutina, Liriodendron tulipifera.
Higman 653.
APOCYNACEAE
Apocynum cannabinum L. Dogbane,
Indian Hemp
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields. Associate species:
Solidago altissima, Rubus sp., Lonicera japonica, Rhus radicans.
Higman 232»
‘will Voatay inte —— vianiiad qi2.
eg -e¥shres potds gevest: ‘pbarrsgee amo rs =
Pirererresseoneneessunasnanasyes +++ (QmnQamia: >
yaa Lureqinn® bela viasats on okoite shea?
ie
es. GR he) on cay Jbatiane giik ima is asda aeebadua®
oe satsenus told savesd’ ;bedol-s oaks allowes) 2.25
besereesisegadendorscysesess(aavads
t pees
@s4ecvev erent
ver giiidmsass Jon pating-2 10 =A x
»(shootaso Bpetsaeo) bes oatp
taintg-saci e189 (ol) abrelugas tee’ i
‘ moold=tesa le
cla eddies Pivords bact beaobssds gnols -noliste_snG olask aa y 7
0 adits syoxgs() to yqousd .SS\@ oxssoel ,plueantast blottaa® -
Sian >eolooge otetsoesA .sastighivg sorbasbokxtd egniaitey
aR memgih .nzeajze1d sqteatdaek ,pousta sigomsv. eerrincs
\ = j
stzalod0 <item
% Jtowynis - .t aptatexty shrel odd
7 Baa AsoxD VbbuN to jeew Jeesol Sawism :golseta me -rtst syst - Hi
ay i. abgzen? .siioitboass Suan to yqons? bso sonmeytae blo 30 homea
_ pyatighlus agzbashotxtl satsuley su: aoe. .82eQ3n5a193 Gl
ie
Bias \ “ial: ee
SASIANY DOTA
ssnsigzod
qmed cek beri |
{ Stefd0oneA .ebieti bio at Ineypexial, oes win
Pe cena tees «os
Oe bases, ne
166.
ASCLEPTADACEAE
Asclepias
1. Corolla red to purple; hoods (5 in a crown on tube
of stamens) orange or purple.
2. Tidal stream habitat; umbels several, forming
a corymb. (Also, leaves tapering to tip; stems
and lower leaf surfaces glabrous or nearly SO)..eeo Ae incarnata
2. Moist to dry forest habitat; umbels 1 or few,
scattered. Expected (A. tuberosa, A. rubra).
1. Corolla and hoods greenish, yellowish, white, or
tinged purple.
3. Leaves narrowly linear, with revolute margins.
Expected (A. verticillata).
3. Leaves lanceolate to oblong or obovate.
4, Leaves membranaceous, long-attenuate.
Expected (A. quadrifolia).
4. Leaves firm, thicker, blunt-tipped.
5. Leaves sessile and clasping at base.
Expected (A. amplexicaulis).
5. Leaves short-petioled, not clasping.
6. Leaves glabrous, tapering to petioles;
flowers 8-12 mm. long, white with purple
center. Expected (A. variegata).
6. Leaves minutely tomentose below, rounded
at base; flowers 12-25 mm. long, hoods
greenish to whitish or purplish........... A. syriaca
Asclepias incarnata L., var.
pulchra (Ehrh.) Pers. Swamp Milkweed
Java Farm. Infrequent along tidal portion of Muddy Creek.
Associate species: Typha latifolia, Smilax rotundifolia, Aster subulatus,
Scirpus validus. Higman 268.
goturrot - asin alsdmm iabatded M5398 Ender a8
prods tats 69 yatveqes aeveel .oalA) .dmyro9 5 %
vd sare afos yigeen, 7. auozdels, agoaisue tral. aswok bos
wot ta £ 6 tS ezans Pye tided teszo vb. oa ‘dakot’ oe
?Seager “A cpgoradua A) betogqxd .bexsagsoa__
“Wo. 83 Edw Rain toe Habnbsag ebood ven
ssiquug: banks
Jaberan S3utovey Hake Pere yiworrsa eavaead &
»(etelitotrzev .A) bstooqual a
rs i ty mere eae a ie Ay
etevodo 26 geoldo oF svstossnat-ssvent ee
Sisusatis-gpaol ,evosssaszdmam esvysod .#
(ag Lotsbsup 2) bsi2equil
-bsqgli-ineld ,edoids ,mrtt eavEpl, a
sasd te gotgea(s bna allfeess esvest .¢ 5
- (skiusotxelgqas .A) batosqxud
~gpkqeeio tm ,befotieq-tyode easvasl. .¢
tasinkisg of gniteqsas ,avotdalg seveol «0
etqauq igtw asidw ,gool .am S1-8 etowoli,
(as Bipeaizey A) besoeqnd 48985 |
bebaucy waled Seodname? ylajuntz ssvaod .3
Bboon , adel wom US-SL avawol? pound Ys
aanwe A povbivee s sda@hiqrg no delsidtw ot daknsorg
167.
A. syriaca L. Common Milkweed
Java Farm. Moderately abundant along old entrance road near
main building area and in grassy fields south of main buildings.
Associate species: Cirsium discolor, Rubus sp., Erigeron canadensis,
Verbascum blattaria. Higman 359, 825.
CONVOLVULACEAE
1, Parasitic; stem yellowish or reddish; leaves reduced
to scales; flowers tiny, cymose-clustered..........2.+6+ Cuscuta
1. Not parasitic; stem green; leaves normal; flowers
much larger, few-clustered to solitary.
2. Stigmas 2, linear-filiform to subulate cr slenderly
ONO Airey totroneiterretteli cle) oheleiolieve} evel eye; ey siteys (sie) ol/e/s).e)(eveforohsliaheliee cf jee icveieam CORVOMMUAELETS
2. Stigma 1, capitate or with 2-3 globular lobes....... Ipomoea
Cuscuta
Cuscuta gronovii Willd.? Dodder,
Strangleweed
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant
in salt marshes. Parasitic on Iva frutescens and Baccharis halimifolia.
Higman 62.
Convolvulus
Convolvulus sepium L. Hedge Bindweed,
Wild Morning-glory
Ivy Neck. One station: salt marsh at southwest end of Scaffold
Peninsula, on mud flat adjacent water. Hectare 5761. Associate species:
Panicum virgatum, Acnida cannabina, Gerardia maritima. Higman 814,
969.
Ipomoea
1. Stem and sepals glabrous, tips of sepals obtuse
or blunt; stigma lobes 0 or 23; locules of capsule
2. (Also: corolla white with purple in tube,
4.5 to 8 cm. long; leaves unlobed or with 2 short,
Eounded= Dasa VOHES)) crs cre em ialietee ov eel at ec eis/es elele\sieisaie eve ee tpandurata
Aled: - bépebst aavsel :dekbbsx 10. "iste S ek mate
i sauseu9 teste es eves ‘ybaxasaulo-abony Rees azawol? ©
ale er ‘ptewol? rismmon eavsel :a9sy1g mote A iteatae 20M ae
ao i yyasitloe o2 be1s3eulo-wet bik Sooty sum i
qixsbosie to staludue of mietiit~reant! * eamgrse&
sah la aE a id a a al on 6 6p dea REIN Ae we
*
geomogt .seees 280! telydoig €-S diiw to etsitqsos 1 aiietye .§ ia
—_
4 giusen) Se
‘l \. ; pa " ; = t » ‘
oi | ,yasbbod. {. bITHW rivovotg ‘sInzeu9-
7) bsowsl gis tie ;
on Shebnudes yletntebom 03 dnsupetial Asef yvI bas ast evel _)
fe) sebietigibas stintooket bee ameaeaaps> svi ao otitasisi .esdersm slew ak
R a is ka coma
he
ae :
i :
hi) thaswhara ogbsk : 1 ‘mutges euiuy Loved
- Vanla-anintoM bitw :
ot “3 Plotthe® 26 bie tzewdiucs tp Hetem 21se jnokist2 900 yoo yet —
Pewestesee atetooueA .[d\? axatosi .rotew toscsfbs Isl? bua fo pears
. JORG ramet! .ambtiiem sibisys) .saidennno BbInOA « mjagiiv
}
. sputdo efsqor to aqt3 ansntet areqsee *
stuegss 30 eefneot ;S so 0 sedoi sagtia pinuid zo
edit at sigue dziw s3tdw siforoo” sontAy s
seal < diate tines esis gaol Lum 8 oF B80
ih alia whey he ratees one Pie eed be bea
‘168.
1. Stem and sepais pubescent, tips of sepals acute to
linear or bristle-tipped; lobes of stigma and locules
of capsule 3 (2 in I. lacunosa).
2. Sepals densely yellow-villous near base, short-
hirsute above, tapering to long linear tips;
leaves densely hirsute on both sides, the lobes,
if present, with narrow U-shaped sinuses.......... I. hederacea
2. Sepals moderately to sparsely pilose, with broadly
acute or bristle tips; leaves strigose or sparsely
pilose, the lobes, if present, with broadly obtuse
sinuses.
3. Sepals moderately hirsute at base, sparsely so
above, with broadly acute tips; peduncles long;
leaves never lobed, strigose on both sides..... I. purpurea
3. Sepals sparsely pilose, with bristle tips;
peduncles short; leaves sparsely pilose, the
lobes, if present, with broadly obtuse sinuses.
Expected (I. lacunosa).
Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G. F. W. Mey. Wild Potato-vine
Ivy Neck. One station: plowed, fallow cornfield on Cheston
Peninsula. Higman 1028.
I. hederacea (L.) Jacq. Blue Morning-glory
Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in cornfields. Associate species:
Barbarea vulgaris, B. verna, Cerastium vulgatum, etc. Higman 999, 1007, 1016.
I. purpurea (L.) Roth. ‘Common Morning-glory
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent along unshaded roadsides,
and in cornfields at Ivy Neck. Associated with I. hederacea above.
Higman 1021, 1064.
BORAGINACEAE
1. Ovary unlobed, surmounted by the style. (Also,
leaves oval, 2-5 cm. long, petioled; spikes bractless,
5-12 cm. long; sepals 2-3 mm. long). Expected
(Heliotropium) .
1. Ovary deeply lobed, the 1-locular divisions forming
nutlets around the base of the style.
es yisetsae ¢ o3 xloaezshon hag
tite. eaves! jeqii aliatid: “10 94
te alae % eedol add 36
ae ; Sh ny eal ie .seeunks
oe iain send Ja otuerid vtsexebeu ataied col
patiol asiamubsq jagit siuas yibsord dilw ,sveds
I .....a8bka ntod fo ssogitta ,badol even ‘asvesi® —~ oe
a ae =
AY
pagia sliaiazd daiw ,seoliq ylaeisqe aleqee. sf :
edi .saolkg ‘Ulsertaqa esvesl :;3toa aelsnubeq — ae aaa
vesepnke seuido yibsord ditw ,jneserg 21 quadol <<
-(gzocvonl .1) betasqxd
_ phroassot bLEM OM WOT 1D Cd) sasuinas ssa
VpewasH po. bletinives wollsi ,bewolg recisase sn0 .A99K ywl-
-BS0I samgth -sinentaed
MekaAgatnroM s0i0 | “\poet. (0) segensbad Ba
Ne “pablasga atpiooseaA aiites intop at tusbouds ylsisisboM sdoell oF Fe 7
x00! PRE nmemgiB .ot9 mutealun muktesse) ,sorsy .& ,elisaluy soxsdyee _
Peate-cormon donna) - 308 hail? ‘ue
| paabiebsox bobsdeny gaols aneypesini Ase yvi ne mist svsl » ia
beawads “esaoatsbsd .I ftiw botetooeeA Aca yvl 48 ebleitatoo wt ‘bot ee
a vos me | MO0E LSOL ee | re
°
HABQAMIOAAOS
~o2tA) .sigae add yd bestnuomiue ,bsdofay yrav0 Se
,eeeitoard asaigqe ~hatdkieaq ,gnol .m> ¢-S nh eae asvesl ua
besosqxS {gaol «mm E-S meee 4
169.
2. Attachment of nutlet strongly plug-like, leaving
a pit on the gynobase (enlarged receptacle). (Also,
corolla campanulate or rotate, blue, or yellowish in
Symphytum). Expected (Lycopsis, Borago, Symphytum).
2. Attachment of nutlet flat or concave, leaving no pit.
3. Stigmas 2 or style bifid. (Also, leaves linear-
elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate). Expected
(Echium, Onosmodium, Lithospermum) .
3. Stigma 1, simple.
4. Nutlets attached near the apex, strongly
divergent. (Also, leaves lanceolate to broadly
ovate, 10-15 cm. long, very bristly, the
cauline sessile (clasping in species collected);
racemes paniculate; carpels very hirsute;
corolla white in species collected............ Cynoglossum
4. Nutlets attached near the middle or base,
erect and parallel.
5. Flowers of the raceme not subtended by
leafy bracts; nutlets smooth. (Also, plant
not over 5 dm. high; cauline leaves sessile,
narrowly oblanceolate-spatulate, very
pilose; calyx somewhat irregular; corolla
bluesorewhite;ol=3rmm*sijbroad))s.422......... Myosotis
5. Flowers, at least the lower, with leafy
bracts; nutlets prickly, rough, or wrinkled.
(Also, cauline leaves elliptic to ovate, up
to 2 dm. long, smoothish, petioled).
6. Nutlets covered with hooked prickles.
(Also, racemes about 1 dm. long, with
small bracts; nutlets globose, 3 mm. long. Hackelia
6. Nutlets wrinkled, not prickly. (Also,
flowers in scorpioid cymes; corolla
blue, 1-2 cm. long). Expected (Mertensia).
Cynoglossum
Cynoglossum virginianum L. Beggar's-lice
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant in mature forest
south of old entrance road and west of Muddy Creek. Canopy of Fagus
grandifolia, Quercus spp., Liriodendron tulipifera, Carya tomentosa, etc.
Associate species: Podophyllum peltatum, Claytonia virginica, Galium
aparine, Orchis spectabilis, Viola papilionacea, etc. Higman 666.
og so: dalk asioue oe qoaasioga 3A 5
sasadtt ésvnel oath) biixd aivde 10. £ seer ae
aba eal , (edeiooonside yiworrse 03, pik eT ae ¢ ‘i
, hee Resins ceais dE ,suibomeon0.. wud oa)
ehaees oe ‘bog t32 3 si
oe oglgdowie \xaqs adt ‘Teen berosias esoisuul oh,
BON ire) ~ yxlbaoxd od sssiosamal esvest ,oa EA) .dnagtsvib, 6 — =.
oa add ,yivetid yrev ,gaof «m 2f-Of ,stsvo( .
w(hatoeiles estosce fi gekqeats) eltsees santiiso >.
resvertn yisy wleqts ‘etsivoingg 89msos% “
. abixvess Detoetios sakveqge at satdw siloro2 paiva
a
my iy ,sead to sibbin gf4 pen bedossis atatiut .#
i i Mo eRer, fof 1 : Be
| ee ; fsilezsgq bas Bails et piece eae
ie ed Dohaetdue fom emeaas 9113 to exawold .cJ .
dnaiq ,oalA) .isooma esetjun retsonid gisel per
,siizeon eavaesl satiues gigtd .mb ¢ rave Jon tah
yIsv _stulutaqe-o3plosszetdo yiworrsa aa
alfotes ;rafegetyi Isdwemos xyiss ;pacliq }
-oatdw zo Suid
a a | = abiosoyti Shatewrateneee (f{eord am fai i:
a: yinel daiw ,sowol afi Jessl ta ,eTewold oc pitt
cet whee so ,dguot (vilotie sseitun ‘egpend, §; st
om qu ,aanvo of 2itqtifs eavaot sntivss ,osfA)
ee othaforrsq .fetdsoons eBiGS sso S§ p3
go ae -aebisixg badeod jin bsyaveo atefiu .d ” ‘oa,
: datw ,anol «ub 1 duods aemeos7 ,oRiA) a
\hlodosit .qnol..mm € ,9eodolg ejoloun -ajonad heme
,osfA) .yitotsg jon ,beliniaw exsfau .d _—
el Lotten pageno Brolqtoos al axewolt =”
- (ptagsss9¥) petosexs .(gaol..mo S-1 would © ures han P.
; ; Ana
, be a.
.2jt Pat
170.
Myosotis
Myosotis verna Nutt. Scorpion-grass
(species not in Britton and Brown) Forget-me-not
Ivy Neck. One station: abandoned grassy field on Scaffold
Peninsula. Associate species: Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium
pratense, Oenothera fruticosa, Hypericum perforatum, Eupatorium
serotinum, etc. Higman 1085.
Hackelia
Hackelia virginiana (L.) Johnst. Stickseed
Beggar's-lice
Java Farm. Infrequent; principal station in small stream valley
on Rhode River shore, slightly below pier. Hectare 3519. Canopy
of Robinia pseudoacacia, Liquidambar styraciflua, Ulmus americana.
Associate species: Lonicera japonica (dominant species of ground layer),
Verbesina occidentalis. Rich collecting area. Higman 674.
VERBENACEAE
Verbena ~
1. Spikes panicles at apices of stems and branches;
corolla limb 2 to 4.5 mm. broad.
2. Spikes very slender (also interrupted in all
species collected); fruiting calyces remote.
3. Leaves obtuse to subacute, pinnatifid or
deeply incised; calyx glandular.
Expected (V. officinalis).
3. Leaves acuminate, regularly serrate; calyx
not glandular. (Also, corolla white to
bluish, with limb 2 mm. broad).
4, Leaves narrowly ovate, 3 to 13 cm. long,
serrate-dentate, harshly scabrous above;
fruiting calyx 2.5 to 3 mm. long, its
lanceolate lobes converging into an acute
beak above the schizocarp (pericarp which
splits into nutlets); nutlets 1 to 1.3
mm. long, reticulate above.......sesssseeeee- Ve. SCabra
ontiq tansupssinl~ asst aval. ©
.19iq wolsd yisgdgile ,srode sevii sbodt. ao™
f ypaldboaseie asdmabtupld ,ghososebucag Biakdod 10:7
g Ye aeisoqe dcamtmob) sotaogst, sxzotnod teetoeges sieroceeA' |
“(AVS ssagit .seas gnidosiies doth .elisinebtoso gatesdiaV f
TASOAMMAARY
anode,
teadonexd bas emeje to asotqe a5 aslotasg asttqe. +f
. <baord «mm C,d-03,8 dmkl eliorea ”-
{le oi basqurvaimt oats) qyebnole yssy seat? .f
«Sines essylan gatiivr? ;(beassiloo asioade
so bblEteantq—,.23voedua oJ sauddo aeveal .£
-tluboasig zyisa ;beetonk yigesb
-(atiaatotiio .¥) betoaqxa
ayieo ;sinvias ¢lreivass ,sisaatiauos aavaad .£
63 siidw eilorad ,osiA) -selubnalg son
-(baoid .or S$ dtl date fetyld
wgnrol «ma €f of £ ,s3ev0 ~iwormsa asveal A
cagodn eyordecd ylilesed ,9Isiash-ejeree
Ba: »gmol .em £ 03 ¢.8 xyiao @attatust
siucs nc odat gntgrevnoo asdol sislosoast
dot qreaiteq) gzeoosidos sid svoda dssd_
€.5 03 £ atghapa 3 (eselsua osak ettigqe
ay du caececesseceues S¥O0d8 O¢4lvott91 ,gool Gam 5
mt ae nee y
aia er ae
a | 44
ec ey “
V7.
4, Leaves oblong-ovate to lanceolate,
8 to 20 cm. long, doubly crenate-
serrate, strigose on veins beneath;
fruiting calyx 2 to 2.3 mm. long, its
deltoid subulate-tipped lobes equal to
or shorter than the schizocarp;
nutlets 1.5 to 2 mm. long, not reticulate.... V. urticifolia
2. Spikes thicker, pencil-like, continuous; fruiting
calyces imbricated. (Also, corollas violet-
blue; mature calyx overtopping the schizocarp,
With) incurved TCCEh)immise a alesis lce s eisieuiele sie aici e) Ve astata
1. Spikes single or in 3's at tips of stems or branches;
corolla limb 5 to 6 mm. broad. (Also, in species
collected, leaves narrowly lanceolate to oblanceolate,
3 to 10 cm. long, serrate; fruiting calyx 4 to
5 mm. long, with acuminate lobes; corolla purple)..... V. simplex
Verbena scabra Vahl Harsh Vervain
Java Farm. One station: along old entrance road. Canopy of
Quercus alba, Fagus grandifolia, and Liriodendron tulipifera.
Higman 897.
V. urticifolia L. White Vervain
Java Farm. One station: western end of main building area.
Hectare 2489. Near wooden shed among dense Rhus radicans and Campsis
radicans. Higman 4.
V. hastata L. Blue Vervain,
Simpler's Joy
Java Farm. One station: clump of trees in Hog Island salt
marsh. Hectare 3582. Canopy of Quercus falcata, Quercus stellata,
Prunus serotina, Liquidambar styraciflua. Associate species: Panicum
virgatum, Osmunda cinnamomea, Juncus dichotomus. Higman 305.
V. simplex Lehm. Vervain
(V. angustifolia Michx.)
Ivy Neck. One station: southern part of abandoned grassy field.
Hectare 4772. Associate species: Rudbeckia serotina, Trifolium
hybridum, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Oenothera fruticosa. Higman 815.
ereny panownksces Patra Piet iodloid 2
wialoty esliowos. .oa tA) , boasorsdat sooeten |
,qresesidos sty gniqgeszavo xyisa. axuasn jould —
Rea Beh cgonncpantensn stores «184722 hevivont Aske
aoe wipale Un ccuned 30 asete To eqit 35 att ak 10 agit ‘ottae
aatosges at oatA) «heotd ma 3 ot 2 dmkl sifoxos .
. Sastossasida oe? atelepoast ylworrss, aavsal coe
soe aaa ‘eg ) xyleo gakatvat 79367708 anol <9 OL ot §
3 zedgwt? rs agp rkabaton ast Sore sgodel etaniouoe datw, otal me
ahs esi | laav oideoe au
ae
an r 40 wqo0n) bao sonsisns bho amofs +:otie36 end .anmel evel 2 |
Sagiigt ud gorbesboiatt bas Siloti basz2 euRst ~Bd is Sag
i NOB imeagiis
mf si toliosate ¥
spotisie 990 mis “BVAL ~~
ash «O84 918399H —
sds -eugdtbex. ”
atevra auld ¥ asadbad pS
yoy e'rslqnt? — . —a
Pi Ass beslel po st 2992320 qgaui> tnaotiete of. mast evel
vadetisje auatau) ,sspolet guozsup to yqomso .S8— sisiseH ete ,
Bi wesrssqe SistnonaA «eulilverys® 38 aedmsbiupht -amloige eunard
20E. hamgit .2emojodalh gpqmul. L (somomsasto, sbaumed ‘ z
oievrsy atte
r vere gkbltud stas io bos Wrei25W
aban? bab savotber 2uil? sensb gnoms bede asboow
nisvi3V
“lp wae
Ley ae
f et ee hy a
ya Ke s,s
a ek er hag ;
—
Ge
Ie
Ie PAc
LABIATAE
Ovary 4-lobed, not deeply divided.
2. Corolla regular, with 5 subequal lobes. (Also,
flowers solitary at ends of terminal pedicels;
stamens long-exerted; stem glandular-pubescent).... Trichostema
2. Corolla irregular, the upper lip apparently
WANE TMG. 5 <a aie sfevonshich sllefoVee elloteheliekeltelofe ele efouchojeieXoteiisiele se sc ee -LeUCKumM
Ovary deeply 4-divided. (Also, corolla irregular,
with upper lip present or, if regular, 4-lobed).
3. Stamens included in the corolla tube, not
directly visible. Expected (Marrubium).
3. Stamens exerted from the corolla tube, directly
visible.
4. Upper lip of corolla helmet-shaped or
concave. (Also, stamens always 4, ascending
under the corolla lip, exceeding it only
in Agastache).
5. Calyx with a helmet-like projection
on the upper side, closed in fruit.
(Also, flowers blue to purple, usually
in leafy-bracted racemes or panicles
but axillaryginyone species)... ..0.20.0.....9s5cutellaria
5. Calyx without a helmet-like projection on
the upper side, open in fruit except in
Prunella.
6. Stem prostrate to ascending; leaves
cordate to reniform at base. (Also,
flowers lilac to blue-violet).
7. Flowers distinctly pediceled,
usually 3 per axil; upper stamens
longer than the lower; corollas
DHWEHVAlOL- CEL Kis geks is (ole katetehags okchs¥eteks/ epeye.s! seis se GLeChoma
7. Flowers sessile, in dense terminal and
axillary verticils; upper stamens shorter
than the lower; corollas pink- or
MEd —VA OME thyercheielevelelisiersieeleieusielsnoreseraie stoferereee ac mlttm
6. Stem erect; leaves acute, rounded, or
shallowly cordate at base.
gre abd ‘goqqu oft pe ake : eitenens oe
PR Rm satan aeebisiee Vey 8H Wise Baik Ae ss 2 OO s Vi oe
25 22%
~~ by
ealuger7 bbiones ,oe ts) behivEbd. ‘elassb ean ni
sacaaaala etalugey IE , 50 anseexy ght ei shpat
a g
ton cadis ai kaenn: od3 mi bebyiont apiigetat sa
a Ye | meus eM) badosqsd .oidiety yisoorEb:
eo yl
gisosxth ,edua eflore> Sd? mort bsd1sx9 anemsi@ .€ ”
adel elles
x0 beqede-tomled alloron 30 qhi raqql .#
} Bey) gothnence ,* ayswis siemete ,celA) © .9vso9g09 =») 2a
ae _ iso’ dr galbessxe ,qgtl ai Loxes 9d2 taba =p
Boy fetasigegh at be
et 7 ae ei) ae
Pay nokiostoxrq suki-tomisd » ditw xyled .2
‘eal ie 4dtuyvi nt bakwelo ,sbie s5qqu add oo ; me :
ia vor yvilaiex yslqsawq of auld erewolt oat) Es
wer aslaiauq 16 2esm9oe1 bedosrd-yieel ab a> ete
EE ERTS TL LALLY (eetosqe sno _al yrsliixs jud on
no folvestexq elif-semlend s tvoniiw uyfed 2. aie:
1, i, hk Jqsoxus ttuzi WE msqo ,sble reqqu Si
agyest panlQaooRs 03 930722019 mote 2 + es
,o2tA) ..9and 36 m1o}iaey 03 9ashr02 ‘se
.(asfotv-suld o3 osit! exawolt i
' tat
,baisaibeq visonriterb exrawolt a ‘ ies val
: emameta azg9qqu ;iitxs toq € yilsveu nn
' aslioro2 jewel of’ asd> asgaol oF.
9 esse nee gate » + Oke ante “4 ae
, a wes. ee
bas Fantnrres sanoh mt ,sltease erowoll .V
aie Satie snsmsia yeqqu saltotsxav yrsilkxa
ah x0 ~inhe asifezes yxswol sed3 pene ba
4i tah ot
IL7/3hc
8. Flowers axillary. Expected (Leonurus,
8.
Ballota).
Flowers in terminal spikes, clusters,
or heads; if axillary, the subtending
leaves reduced and clustered into
a terminal spike.
9. Spike very dense (may be somewhat
interrupted in Nepeta).
LOG
10.
Calyx distinctly 2-lipped,
closed in fruit. (Also,
flowers blue-violet, in
clusters of 3 subtended
bys round *bDEACES) sac cieiccew siete crete so UN ella)
Calyx nearly regular, open in
fruit. Expected (Nepeta,
Agastache). See Appendix I.
Spike loose or interrupted.
(Also, calyx regular; flowers
pale purple or pink).
ales
ale
Plant glabrous; flowers single
in axils of small bracts.
Expected (Physostegia).
Plant pubescent; flowers in
small, dense cymes subtended
by small), DraACES sriieioc eves es se op OLAChYS
4. Upper lip of corolla not helmet-shaped
or concave.
12. Flowers in dense cymes or heads.
Di
(Also, corolla purple to white)............. Pycanthemum
Flowers in panicles, racemes, spikes, or
clusters, inflorescence terminal or
axillary.
13, Flowers in loose terminal racemes
or panicles. (Also, leaves ovate or
ovate-oblong, serrate, acuminate,
with long petioles).
ane. ‘nines a lena): aie wee preci
Bi ak seichacee
sbeaakl-s vitonttath zyieo an cia § ee ue
opis) ,ilwxt mi beeols cee 2: |
/. ath .FeLofy-suid axsweti |. es : wT cs
yar papnsidue £ Io sxetants, 4.200) oo ieee
trie aseasene aketoend baron vd. ' z Sega
= se i - J ie
ae 5 «amlugss vixsen xyiad .Of -
deqgsh) Koetongud , Itust \ ve
f wbbanggh 933. .(ofontesne
-batquivsaat so saool sAtqe .e
eTowolh preisgss xyfas, ,osts) aa
Giatg to. alqiuq aleq : on Soe es
; i iPgns & syowolt :avotdnmin tJoeid tf
a! ; ™
i etTOB20 LaoH 4 Dike OL
iy ; vl gi ge weynd) batosgqxa
re Ht erew mcosseur goalt—.t E
BS GAs lire 1gva eaftab ‘ i lesa a Y
, BNGORTe obs s des ns ,+-etostd Ileme «d ;
a beqainetowled. gon nLloyvoo aq qif xeqql .8
j i a YSVYROTOD FO
x
: ,abeen x0 esaivo sesh et prowolt .AL :
i : PRI ASSET ods ene (OTK O2 elqavg alfoxroy yoe tA) S ~
: a0 ,wediqa .bamsess ,aslobeg ol esswolt SI tt
7
; ; tenterste?- gonscestoltat ,sretdauis
vretitxa 7
F aoense: lacked sacol nt wravolt .tf
T awe ayvegt oats), .2alotnsq 20
snndlahiss eahives .gcoldo-e2ey0
.fealoiaeq gnol fale
174.
14, Plant annual, without a rootstock;
calyx villous; corolla purple (at
Chesapeake Bay Center) or white; stamens
4. (Also, leaves purple beneath).......... Perilla
14, Plant perennial, with large woody rootstock;
calyx nearly glabrous, minutely glandular;
corolla pale yellow; stamens 2. (Also, one
of the 5 corolla lobes much enlarged and
deeply fringed; stamens and style long-
EXSEEEEd) pce eeeer ceee come om eens ceeds oo COLMinsonia
13. Flowers in spikes or clusters, terminal
or axillary.
15. Stemens 2.
16. Flowers axillary, in dense clusters.
17. Corolla regular, 4-lobed.
(Also, leaves coarsely dentate,
acuminate at both ends; strong
Mint Odor) 0% Tee. eee bee aee Lycopus
17. Corolla irregular, 2-lipped.
Expected (Hedeoma, Monarda, and
Blephilia).
16. Flowers in an interrupted spike.
(Also, in species collected, leaves
basal, lyrate-pinnatifid)............. Salvia
15. Stamens 4.
18. Corolla regular, 4-lobed. (Also,
in species collected, flowers in
an interrupted spike; strong
MIME MOA OM) errr ics ectele «ere eteke ereletetetetternt ce) Mentha
18. Corolla irregular, 2-lipped.
(Also, flowers axillary).
Expected (Melissa, Satureja).
Trichostema
Trichostema dichotomum L. Bluecurls,
Bastard Pennyroyal
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields, more abundant near young
Pinus virginiana stands invading these fields. Hectares 3513, 3535.
Associate species: Solidago juncea, Solidago nemoralis. Higman 378, 462.
ste4007 ean teen viet telat bnet at" ae
rrelubnals lea ior .guordalg vlisen xyles 7
Hag ,oets) "8" 4a swollsy Slay siloxos a he
‘yaa bogisine doum eadof s{loroo t edt do
|) egaol olyte ban easmeste ;beguixt yiqseb «= |
NO sn Cee er
‘dtsnlmrs? .sitstauls 10 aodhes ai exswolT
- esallineg. 10
sromet2 ok
~steseuts senab at ,vislitxs azewolt .oL
«hadol-' ,rsiugex eliozre) .\!
gadetneb ylserano sevsel oA) i Py
gnorde yeboas njed 3s stentenos eee
a gygosyd Perey gs ewedete ree eC 2ON0 anim
: ;
: ss baqqti-& ,taiugsyxt silotod .¥L
es bas .ShyanoM ,smosbeH) batssqzi
oo ae «(atitdgeaté
<iqe badqurretar us nk eiswolt ,of by
asyael ,bojssilon asiosqe at ,oatA) aS,
(pimbee 23 ..+.. 42... (bi Thaeneiq-sieyl .leead { s iS
.§ aensmese .tf
~oatA) .badol-a ,rslugex silorod .81 4)
r ai avewolt ,bsinelion estosge at __ > shale
ae ', oe ysotte satiqe betquatsink as vies
sdigoN oe Chun awigio. cee vin ene side CEODO Siem = ¥
eaqgtl-£ ,zsfugsrxt allorod .8t eat
.(gaelilxe etewoL£i ,oalA) :
-(sfaapiee ,serileM) bestoaqud
aapseodots?
Die
Teucrium canadense L. Germander,
Wood-sage
Java Farm. One station: mew entrance road. Canopy of mature
Quercus alba, Fagus grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera. Higman 918.
Scutellaria
1. Racemes not l-sided; base of stem without stolons.
2. Cauline leaves round- to oblong-ovate or the
lower deltoid, all dentate or serrate.
3. Principal leaves cordate at base, villous.
Expected (S. ovata).
3. Principal leaves not cordate, if shallowly
so, not villous.
4, Principal leaves rhombic-ovate, 3 to 6 cm.
long. (Also, lower leaves slender-petioled,
median and upper ones cuneate to short—winged
petioles; 2 to 5 pairs of leaves below the
single or panicled terminal racemes; corolla
14s Ow? (Cen HOME) stores oleleiele crstele «lele! elaine eek ieee Lt pica
4, Principal leaves ovate or ovate-oblong,
4 to 14 cm. long. Expected (S. serrata, S. incana).
2, Cauline leaves ovate and crenate below, oblong
to linear-lanceolate and entire above,
successively narrower to summit of stem. (Also,
petioles of upper leaves short, not winged,
3 to 8 pairs of leaves below the terminal
raceme. or leafy panicilievof ythem)). crereseccs pdeneepens os o* Intepra rola
1. Racemes 1-sided; base of stem with creeping rhizomes
developed from stolons. (Also, in species collected,
racemes in upper axils as well as terminal, their
bracts not minute).
5. Stolons not forming tubers; lower leaves regularly
serrate, with slender petioles; stem with
incurved-ascending pubescence at least on the
angles; leaves round to subcordate to base,
ACUMINAES, OEP cise evel ele wlwierslieielesalcle lore wines ee aie eels shee: ema eny lee Ore)
5. Stolons, leaves, or stem pubescence otherwise.
Expected (S. parvula, S. nervosa, S. saxatilis).
DTT Be
We a ras f a e aa a eee 7
10 deed {babhexk jon 25m sont ae
ay oars
ra ar ay
a petolols “auodaiw move
nie * 4 gd¥-t0 atavorgaoldo o3 ~bovor zevsal eatiusd BO,
.ststise Yo eistmeb Ils ,ptosieb sawol- “|
a : vauolity sand ts gtebtoes aeveel leqtoats AG ea
.(pasvo .2) bedssqul -
ies ' ; : = : ;
_ i viwolieds 7i ,aisbyop Jon asveel Laqtonkad .€
: seuniliv jon ,0e
a7 & of € .Sisve-sidmody vevacl fsqivntsd A
-belotdeq-rebnele aovesl xewel ,oafA) gaol “lh
! bagniw-dwote o2 stsanus eone Toqqu bos onelbeom oe,
eta wolsd.zevsel to etisg ¢ 03 € geslotisq ~ 11=
a effeios ;asnecny Eenimrsi belotasq ro Sigake fe a
es ite .& ele ae. age veer S)QF Af \
peer eve ete ee +e
a '_auotdo-stavo to sjavo eovest Isqtomtyd A
oe Agmpont «2 .BIbAIAS .2) besosqxa . anol “mx &l of A
,wolsd sdanoro bas stave zevesl soifusd«.s %
.syodn exiias bas sisiossnai-ssenil 0% ee,
a ,oatA) mete 2o Jimmye oF Tsworten yleviaesooue a
me) 2 4c;, heanhw ten .310d2e esvsei raqqu to asloaksag - ;
ii : Tuniorves 3d2 wolsd esvasl to etiaq 8 a3 €
(mait lo aiotasq yiesl 1O Ssm928T
ma ‘ ;
a. gogo
s
| nn eo er ee ee
rt : : eamosidy geiqes1s dilw aja to sead ybebte~l esmea5h Lf
_ vbajoaiios asiasqe nt ,oefA)° .enolote mort baqoleveb. -)
sists ,leniois3 es Iisw as eltxe teqqe mi gamsoet
“\(sduaim ton etostd :
yirsiugss gavel revel jetsdud gatmrot ton eaolos2 se
f4iw moje ;aelotsiegq asbaele Aibw .SIs1Ive
afd mo tassi ae sanssesduq gnlbassas~bevivont
.sead 03 siebrosdue oF bauer eovesl j;esigas
ba Gebte sense ee cenegaennir ens x04 ssn
176.
Scutellaria elliptica Muhl. Hairy Skullcap
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in west-central Scaffold Peninsula.
Canopy of Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, Liriodendron tulipifera,
Liquidambar styraciflua, Carya tomentosa. Higman 1093.
s. integrifolia L. Skullcap
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in west-central Scaffold Peninsula.
Associated with S. elliptica above.
Java Farm. One station: south-facing slope east of Muddy Creek,
adjacent north boundary of Center. Hectares 2458, 2459. Partial
canopy of Liquidambar styraciflua, Pyrus malus, and Liriodendron
tulipifera. Dense Rhus radicans on ground, with few grassy patches.
Higman 545, 849.
S. lateriflora L. Mad-dog Skullcap
Java Farm. Infrequent in freshwater marsh at western apex of
triangular area west of old Muddy Creek Road. Hectare 2470.
Higman 405,
Glechoma
Glechoma hederacea L., Ground-ivy,
var. micrantha Moricand Gill-over-the-ground
Java Farm. One station: gravel fill of old Muddy Creek Road,
beside stream culvert south of entrance gate. Hectare 2491. Shaded
by adjacent canopy of Fagus grandifolia; growing among dense Lonicera
japonica. Higman 566.
Lamium
1. Upper or bracteal leaves sessile, reniform; flowers
6-10) per ‘whorl, calyx ‘teethiconver ging sss. curs apiejotess clei a plexi caulle
1. Upper or bracteal leaves petioled, ovate-subrhombic;
flowers 3-7 per whorl; calyx teeth divergent........... L. purpureum
Lamium amplexicaule L. Henbit ,
Dead-nettle
Java Farm. Infrequent around parking apron, main building
area, Hectare 2580. Associate species: Juncus tenuis.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant in cornfields and
around old tobacco barn near entrance road. Hectare 4658. Associate
species: Draba verna, Stellaria media, Cerastium vulgatum.
Higmen 553.
“links blotiss2 Ipssioo-teow nk jusupatiol ase vd,
ete Aceveds’ sobsgi Tis’. 2 ne
etiam to eee ‘sigh capaieunaan” :fokjeie Sn0 pads
Se B2AS bees rere 193189) ts gerne firon ete ;
+i.t has
aes thus gob-bans
‘ ee! we bus) ae miateow je férsm sotgswideotd at dneypsyinl met sveh
NR ‘JOVAS Sqe799h .«bsot sisox) “yhbuti bio lo teow sexs selugaahas
yt - 208 nog
¥ A
Ry, 4 gmorios ld ote
i, : row 2 wl 4
hee: jetvta bauer) +7 segessbed smokey
. be pageant -vao=t fk: ) bassii1oM siinesoist «tev
A (hedh Hedsd ybbulf bho to ELEY L4verg fnotzede snO .mre aval
babar [63% syssoeH .$6%a8g soms1jas Yo dayor J¢svivo mesade obtesd-
ice ‘Braatoo. Sansh sooms goivorg :pifoitbaszs euged to yqonss ingos{bs yd
: .d0€ namgih aot gst
=: E ts
eiawolt jarrotime: ,olteesa seveel [setasid to Yaqql net
3 = ti pe cn eensasveneens ,gaiayavnon diss xyleo ,frodw taq Dine 3
: ‘ahdworvdee-etevo ,belotsieq esveasl festosyd ye 154 pe
er BWemgaug .! vevravesrs sSnsarevib disor xyleo ;{sorlw 73 v-£ atawol3
,thdnoli . i siagtaolose mua
eidtsa-hsed j
eaHitaes akeim , s04q5 austin bawvors Inoupetinl wit :
zhgoes ausmyl, vestseqe sI6isoeeA sane lahat a ;
- a Beier « nt tasbauds yisasisbem oF snpupe a
. y icp sbaor aoneraas - P urred o
r mutentay
WATS
L. purpureum L. Purple Dead-nettle
Java Farm. One station: edge of old Muddy Creek Road, on top
of stream culvert south of entrance gate. Hectare 2491. Near station
for Glechoma hederacea, but drier. Higman 565.
Prunella
Prunella vulgaris L. Selfheal,
Carpenter-weed
Java Farm. Infrequently along Fox Point and cld entrance roads.
Partial shading on springhouse road by Celtis occidentalis, Liquidambar
styraciflua, and Prunus serotina. Associate species: Melilotus
alba. Higman 20, 118.
Stachys
Stachys palustris L.? Hedge-nettle
Woundwort
Java Farm. One station: salt marsh at northeast corner of Farm,
above pier. Hectare 3620. Flooded at high tide. Associate species:
Spartina cynosuroides, Baccharis halimifolia, Limonium carolinianun,
Aster subulatus. Higman 216.
Pycanthemum
Pycanthemum flexuosum (Walt.) BSP. Mountain-mint ,
Basil
Java Farm. One station: old field dominated by Aster spp.,
Rubus spp., Solidago altissima, Rhus radicans, Lonicera japonica, etc.
Hectare 3501. Higman 364.
Perilla
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. Beefsteak-plant
Java Farm. One station: grassy triangle at entrance gate to
old Muddy Creek Road. Hectare 2463. Associate species: Cyperus strigosus,
Duchesnea indica, Fragaria virginiana, Ranunculus bulbosus, Daucus
carota.
Ivy Neck. One station: tractor trail to artificial pond, above
source of Cheston Creek Drainage. Hectare 4721. Associate species:
Mentha spicata, Ambrosia trifida, Galinsoga ciliata. Higman 1031, 1061.
si eiionust "
“bio bas t#kol xot gaol ¢idnsipoaaat. “wrt avet. ue
£990 atitad yd beot sevodgnizqe so gakbsde fs:
feebsoqe stelooeeA - .saltjoxes sunuxt brs ,sulitbds
1?) 22
ol ijirt-aghol ; ¢d abeeeneee ae ca
jy owbaual ; arananee: 2
ye (gitar to aSsiteD dansised Js daéyem ifsne ‘:naotist= sn0 on BVBL 7
Re ‘ae aeons? oigbooues .9b14 dgid 3s bshoolt .OS0€ stss39H~ yretq ae
i cithigs int Lows mtmomil ,ptfoiimbisd eixedoosd ,2sblomweonys sokizeqe
ie ie | .OfS memgih .gussiudye =
.
<
i re ha a % i ne TE id
; mumsrinsoyd = il
7 he exact
eK, _Trila-abedtny ot __.928 (. 31a) mugouxel?, mumedinsogd
oe tian’
4.992 Yeget xd bedsnitiob bist? blo tmoliste an0 myst sve Se
. ‘oni PpeeneEs, Sa82901 . Senotbet audi ,smleztits ogsbifod 2992 ae
AOL paaglh .10€ exs309H
= , N Z
| elizzet . 0 “a
Vaaieitq~Mine e900 3:78 (1) pneseatus’ piltaed |
04; 9388 QSitsxia9 Jo olgasts3s yeasts raphisse. “9090, ie a
a ) reakosqe staksoaeA .£0M 9184597 «bei
toaye AtaloossA “set X0. sis2008 seapate 8
178.
Collinsonia canadensis L. Horse-balm,
Stoneroot
Java Farm. One station: mature forest south of old entrance
road. Hectare 2484. Canopy of Quercus alba, Fagus grandifolia,
Liriodendron tulipifera, etc. Higman 1206.
Lycopus
Lycopus virginicus L. Water-horehound ,
Bug leweed
Java Farm. Infrequent along bank of Muddy Creek, upstream from
old entrance road. Hectare 2467. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia,
Platanus occidentalis, Quercus alba. Understory of Lindera benzoin.
Also infrequent in freshwater part of Fox Creek marsh. Hectare
3516. Higman 977, 1209.
Salvia
Salvia lyrata L. Cancerweed,
Lyre-leaved Sage
Java Farm. One station: mature forest along old entrance road,
near wellhouse. Hectare 2487. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus
alba, Liriodendron tulipifera, etc. Higman 819.
Mentha
Mentha spicata L. Spearmint
Ivy Neck. One station: partly shaded border of tractor trail
to artificial pond north of Cheston Peninsula, near source of Cheston
Creek drainage. Hectare 4712. Associate species: Ambrosia trifida,
Chondrilla juncea, Solanum carolinense, Cichorum intybus. Higman 1026.
SOLANACEAE
1, Plant a shrub. Expected (Lycium).
1. Plant a forb or vine.
gias12 boa to Aded cre ssnesuieae eet gophs
; anged 16 ‘yqonsd ,Sado exe399H bees, Ggaghe ais
Bt sinsbko:
Yo yrotersbav -adis suzzeud ,.
sotawiles12 ai snsoportet bakwh SUE
‘piesosh yilerse asst) xot lo J1Aq ie
80ST , TV admgtt anes |
)beawiteone)
mene? baveal-o' vd ; a
ere. Saintes fhio gaols Jaa702 stwiea pootiate 9kO drs? evel
7 sbarsup ,siiei thease avast to Yqonsy NBM s%e299H .sevodltaws
‘CIS emgih .979 ,sssitgitas norbraborikd ~
fltnay > a
In tirrasde — a afisk ‘ +e 7
+6 +ebyod bobette yltiseq . :aok2sie S00 aoe yi
— Vieni rod 9st
tn BdD, 74 Sottme thon ,sluemiasl moJesi0 to dixon bnog Istortts16 92
een ste clerk :egfosqa stetooeeA Site bey i git Pearagey rt 2x2 --
i ge LW Vapdyier motorlaro ,asoonatioiso mms tob «Be ouf siftabrog
WAHDAMA102 sg +
tomo t) besosqx “eduarie «sali ae
: er a e103 ae
; Nit = eg ;
te | yee ee es,
out e = Ses F424 —ay <a
j Tinks :
ety, MUR? canals’ &
: ay we] '
ee ere
17)
2. Corolla funnelform, 7 to 10 cm. long, white
with purple tinge; fruit a large, spiny capsule.... Datura
2. Corolla rotate to campanulate, much shorter, white
or yellow (sometimes purple, but not in species
collected); fruit a berry.
3, Anthers forming a tube around the style;
calyx deeply 5-parted, not inflated over
bYpeacy; sha inetalicg pGoae oOo DOUUO OU OUGUOD OOO OU OOO OO Seluehalin
3. Anthers separate; calyx 5-lobed only at the
summit, inflated and loosely covering
the berry in fruit.
4, Sepals united, calyx with round or cordate
base in fruit; corolla yellow or yellowish-
green, with dark center; ovary 2-locular;
DEG BY, JUL C Yio) cites ekevee 010/0) 0) seis elele 010) e504 0 le('s) ehel ets ereyven y.Sarlels
4. Sepals free, sagittate-based; corolla
pale blue; ovary 3- to 5-locular; berry
dry. Expected (Nicandra).
Datura
Datura stramonium L. Jimsonweed
Java Farm. One station: trash pile near ruined house, main
building area. Hectare 2581. Associate species: Melilotus alba,
Aster spp., Eleusine indica, Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus spinosus.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent: edge of cornfield near old barn south
of artificial pond, north of Cheston Peninsula. Hectare 4733.
Associate species: Eleusine indica, Abutilon theophrasti,
Potentilla norvegica, Ipomoea spp. Higman 501, 1008.
Solanum
1. Calyx lobes very spiny, covering the berry.
Expected (S. rostratum, S. sisymbriifolium).
1. Calyx not spiny, not covering the berry.
2. Plant a woody vine or climbing shrub; berries
red. (Also, corolla violet; leaves often basally
lobed). Expected (S. dulcamara).
2. Plant herbaceous, not a vine; berries yellow,
green, or black,
,o%eluasqmas’ ys
i
tie
ned
oe honois ods 5 cs
Tavo ._ tom erect —
xylso
eared
edd ae vino bodolee zylso ;odeisqes: atetiad eee
anes yiseool brs botslink ,3tmmwve
pi -Jkort ob “yried ae
| “viptteb205 to bimoir Hike xyleo , bosimy eleqe2 |
Pe femoltor yo wolley sifozua ¢Ikuxt ‘gt sasd?
staiuool-& yravo 7393095 tab djty ,29979g,
Puedes vrta es > Vins xotut ‘yrds
Te pee eee a He eee ee re
piletos ;beend-staitiges ,sett eisqse -
¢rred sisivsol-@ o3 -£ yravo ;suld. alsq
.(exbngath) bstseqxd .x7b egal
Bruits = +4
“ Ve
me, ‘Bostic mt. MM musnomexts smuged
4
ap Phe
>
Gish: paduod banlvy ten ellg teats ‘saotieia e000 = -mxet atst* eee
gdte epioliis seaiseqe etatsoaks {8@S sisjo9H ,sets gaktbiiud
ge Botiowserh bis .myxgls myantoe ,solbnt gotausit ..qqe 293ek)
dayoe arad blo tsom Bialinyes to opbe parte tas too ww
{PERN Syetos% .sluentnsT gotesdD to diyen ,baog Leltofdisys =
rAdusrigosss noltiudA ,aotbat entavald :estosqe sietoorsA p
BOO! ~i0e AumgiH .gqe & s90moql Botgove on ail
| | mips lo®
.ersad ad3 gatrevos de y1sv esdol xled Fi
.(autlotiindgyels .2 ,mjaxyiso1 +B) betoaqua
"ited ed3 gatrsvao ton "eae ton xed ED
" getrved duvide gntdmtio xo softy batt sat oS 7
¥ilsead audio eaves! yisloiv sifozes
-(ezamaotybd .2) Sasa
gwoiley setried jeaty & Jon , sno ay ,
ery ye
180.
3. Stem and leaf veins with yellow spines;
berry orange-yellow. (Also, corolla violet
OF Whikesr stem NarSuLe) tis « sia creieeiels ciclo see clersiersiciein pos Carolanense
3. Stem and leaf veins spineless; berries black or
green. (Also, corolla white).
4, Stem glabrous; berries black.
5. Leaves thin, translucent; berries
shiny. Expected (S. americanum). Appendix I.
5. Leaves rather thick, opaque; berries
CULL. cc ccceeesccccccrecevcccccssovcecscces Se Nigrum
4, Stem very spreading-hirsute; berries
BE SCMe/\e/elore oie eels. sclisicie eile ole oleae ccllcise sais oie Sabacho.des
Solanum carolinense L. Horse-nettle
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields, especially in the vicinity
of main buildings. Associate species: Poa pratensis, Agrimonia
parviflora, Verbascum blattaria, Cirsium discolor, Asclepias syriaca,
Gnaphalium obtusifolium. Higman 45, 133.
S. nigrum L. Black Nightshade
Java Farm. One station: rubbish pile near ruined house,
main building area. Hectare 2580. Associate species: Datura stramoneum,
Amaranthus spinosus, Eleusine indica. Higman 498.
S. sarachoides Sendtner
Java Farm. Infrequent on recently bulldozed area at main
buildings. Hectare 2580. Higman 1216.
Physalis
1. Plants annual, without rhizomes.
2. Plant glabrous, glabrate, or puberulent.
Expected (P. ixocarpa).
2. Plant villous. (Also, leaves ovate, obliquely
rounded or cordate at base; berry yellow).......... P. pubescens
i we aotandd iyanadetanes9 eee ae, rai af
fie t sethosaah (qugsstzems B) besooqxll ‘yotie, os 2
\ a ae ssupsqo° fohds- ‘yortst soveal pi pbc ,
se Byecsetarsesenntenrvnecreesvenesai ; ; cs -. :
Bae i fi “ag trred -gtuetid-gotbesiqe cise fis 32 i ay
gabtotnosee Mer cace teeta need eescascctesceserasesen gata ¥ a
si iaaleadlaalaa . sanaat foxes ousaiad
“Sagas ad3 at ciistoaqes ~abieli blo ak dasvpotial .orset svsl |
es: fensieig SOT :2etssqe SisrooaeA -agakbliud sis to
zoloserb mutestd ,siisjisid suoeadiaV prolitvrsg —
s€€S , cd nemgth mut toi beujdo sult ledgocss >
sbhadatight Josle - J muzate re _
| ae send hentus sean oitq deiddux ‘imolists ond Jetset avabley
ye Yeon omer tI é raptosqe etetoogsA 082 sysjooH .s9%8 gatbitud missy
r .80) geet .sotbat sotevsels ,syusontga sudjaaseae
a ; ~ tantbase cobiobaeta 8
} i ken ga Boxe bosobifud ylinesss no Ineuparisl el ‘aval
tae S{Sf qamgth .08@S smsdsaH cegalb thud
52 Se rie -
__ = ee :
atlseynit 4.
7 ; eal?
—
.aamos ins tuontiw , lau etaslt t Ds
Jasiuzedug 70 s3a3delg .auotdetg snsift’,§ 7
(equssoxt 1) bodseqxt!
yloupiide ,s3Bvo ieee ,osra) ,auottiv’ insta 8 a ;
‘Biepgsdeg ef taveses nee (wolfoy wried ;sesd Js stebrp¢ Rin? bobavos
1) me i tas ae
181.
1. Plants perennial, with deep-seated rhizomes.
(Also, corolla yellow, often with dark center;
berry red, yellow, or green).
3. Leaves, petioles, and pedicels puberulent;
calyx glabrous when mature....sscocsccescevcceveces P. Subglabrata
3. Leaves, petioles, pedicels, and calyx villous
or hirsute.
4, Leaves cordate or broadly rounded at base;
pubescence very dense, often glandular.
Expected (P. heterophylla).
4, Leaves cuneate or gradually tapering to base;
pubescence not very dense, not glandular.
5. Leaves oblanceolate, oblong, or subspatulate;
fruiting calyx not depressed at base; berry
yellow or green. Expected (G28 lanceolata).
5. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate; fruiting
calyx deeply depressed at base; berry red.... P. virginiana
P. pubescens L. Ground-cherry
Java Farm. Collected by David Hammond.
Physalis subglabrata Mackenz. and Bush Ground-cherry
(P. longifolia Nutt.)
Java Farm. One station: new entrance road, near culvert of
Fox Creek drainage. Hectare 2573. Partial canopy of Juglans nigra
and Liquidambar styraciflua. Associate species: Geum canadense,
Duchesnea indica, Agrimonia microcarpa, Panicum clandestinun.
Higman 1034, 1181.
P. virginiana Mill. . Ground-cherry
Ivy Neck. One station: abandoned grassy field on Scaffold
Peninsula. Hectare 4772. Associate species: Campsis radicans,
Oenothera fruticosa. Higman 1088.
SCROPHULARTACEAE
1. Plant a tree; leaves 1.5 to 4 dm. wide; cordate.
(Also, leaves opposite, tomentose; petioles and
young stem hollow except at the nodes).......e+eeeeeeee- Paulownia
apod Lbe, eylao bas 1a inating ‘pateh yaar aevesd eu
SP ical i vssuatid yo
sane 38 bsbrivot Mibsoxd 70, etebres ‘ivan .
: s whivbas ly: Hetto ,sensb Yisv. someaseduq - 3° =
aa 4 pli ylagasied 9), betoaqee
a ‘Seed oF gaksieqa2 yifsubssg FO adesnus gevaod b>
7 weiubonts Jon ,setsh y19v_ Jom sonssusdig? ” |
ac © Se¥elestecedve to ,snolde ,stalooaneldo egvaad: sc
WeIed (-eesd Js banaaxgsh Jom “VLES, BEL ISS
i(e2eiceonsl «7) 63 SSaxed nisarts To wollsy
iicannltneraey nd
e 2 griviwys }s7alossani-stavo 36 Sicvo saved .t.° i Se noe
i gmebabsr iy oy bat Vrted jsead Js doeaetdeb viqsoh. xylan ' ; od ;
te ‘ Ps a a — om pee ae
i ise” eae > Oe
. Ysxreds ~bip701e8
: ote breoamsH biveli yd Bose
io
oes) |. Yixedo~bavord dau bee «saad:
ee : -
ay inokeiesla Ton ,hbsot SoneyIes wsq =ser787e 32a Ate esd Avet Pieces
a r
L te .vqorss Isfaied .€¢28 wrasesh .egspteth Weed xo% 2)
J Bigis 3 hi
p ; \sanobsne> my mss 5) /abfosege, Siac ooeesr “B05 3522" ¥2 2 Zadpeblupdl bared |
i W@eisssbos!s potas! .sqis2013ia atmomtygh deat 2 danas ous
Of cant
_ y fact
Ray ¥ragis—hay07d iy enthelgat Ly cs
Baniies? my hie! yaeaty beoobnada ;:cotisig, and. .alaeh yee Be
semeoibat wlagms) raeiooqa #IBtsoaL/ a staj20H -olvedtaat |
880! cami ‘AAS. peed tana
BARZQATAAUSI IOA 2 : —— - oe
;
sa0nbtca tabiw .eb 4 63 €.1 eavent ‘yesa7 2 a per
baa welotteg (aec2serc2 ,oiieoqqo seyEet 08EA) —
-»-{avhouw od7 26 sqeoxm wollod moze gavoy
‘ pit wee
182.
1. Plant herbaceous or only slightly woody; leaves
much narrower, not cordate.
2. Corolla nearly regular.
3. Leaves opposite (whorled in Veronicastrum), the
upper sometimes alternate; stamens 2 or 4,
the filaments not bearded.
4. Coroila yellow or roseate to red-purple,
campanulate to funnelform. (Also, plant
drile's, bilkalclo) peg. cpereletels oteke ciclorekelete.el eelepemetedehers « - « GELardia
4. Corolla bluish to dark blue-purple,
rotate or salverform.
5. Corolla rotate, almost tubeless;
capsule obcordate or notched at apex;
flowers axillary or in terminal racemes....Veronica
5. Corolla salverform; capsule blunt or
acute at apex; flowers in spikes.
Expected (Buchnera, Veronicastrum).
3. Leaves all alternate; stamens 5, with 3
or more filaments bearded. (Also, flowers
in spikes or racemes, yellow or white).......... Verbascum
2. Corolla 2-lipped.
6. Leaves, or at least the upper ones,
alternate.
7. Leaves pinnately cleft or dissected.
Expected (Castilleja, Pedicularis).
7. Leaves entire or palmately lobed.
8. Flowers in racemes or spikes; leaves
linear! ‘to lanceolate, entire.s......eeee00s000 Linarda
8. Flowers axillary; leaves broadly ovate,
undulate or lobed. Expected (Kickxia,
Cymbalaria).
6. Leaves all opposite.
sigzuq-box 63 sitseect i0 Gutta allovee. 3
gaetq cela)” .arxotleneud 03 bisivesqmso
ak adie mh aa ols astab ae
Bos . ; "\atqunq-suld adasb o3 datuld seers ) cry
-mrotzevisa 10 siad0T
hy) | ; sseeiedut Jaomls _otssox silaxed st aie
7x4qe Je bedojon ro0 danbroode Slusqes ;
_ BpseeaaN.«--uamsons Cgoteres ot 20 yrelitxe axewolt
so Snuld slueqsao timrotirsviea ailfox0d ie
‘i ,asiiqe nt syawolt pxsqe 38 Sjy3R ~
iprorwit >." (mdatesoinotsV |, eteniopd) basssqua
‘
ayawel? .oefA) .bsbtsed edasm@allt o10m 20 ,
uagedwe¥ .++++9-- aati 40 wolley ,eomsokT so esdlkqe of ~ Re.
a : & datw .@ eneamata ;atanrsiis Ifs eaveod £0
= | » Yboqdht-S ‘stEoxo0 “80
l ,~29n0 sqqu dz jessi Js x0 .2ovesd ..3
panties ie
#8 Jbodoseath so steio yleteoahq esveod ra
(altealusthbst .atel(ttesd) besoeqxl al
.bodol yistemleq to sritjcs sevael ei
~~
asusel tesiiqa yo eema2st nk exowold ,B €
WBeeeats «6. 5+.+-.-.soztaas , oasis onal oF xeomtl
.saev0 yibsord cated ete ten exswoli +8
eBbolabi) be2csqxt §=.bedol 10 sisivbau a
; -(sizteladay)
Ss : 1
c -sdteoqqo Lis. aovest «|
te Jan
183.
9, Flowers in racemes, spikes, panicles,
or cymes. Expected (Chelone, Penstemon).
9. Flowers solitary in axils of leaves or
bracts.
10. Pedicels with 2 bracts just beneath
the calyx. (Also, stamens 2;
flowers small, yellow or white)....... Gratiola
10. Pedicels naked at summit. Expected
(Mimulus, Micranthemum, Lindernia,
Bacopa).
Paulownia
Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. Princess-tree
Java Farm. One station: young tree on rubbish pile near northwest
corner of main builidng area. Hectare 2489. Associate species:
Populus grandidentata.
Ivy Neck. One station: young tree on west shore of large
cut-off pond on Cheston Peninsula. Hectare 5800. Associate species:
Phytolacca americana. Higman 1054.
Gerardia
1. Corolla pink or purple; capsules rounded at summit,
often mucronate.
2. Terrestrial habitat. Expected. (G. purpurea, G. obtusifolia).
2. Salt marsh habitat. (Also, stem .5 to 3 dm.
high, .clabrous; leaves dinear)jopsrete s VoxeotpeletamtelolRe)ifelbiG tr Mard tama
1. Ccrolla-yellow, may have reddish tinge, dries
black, Capsules acute vayotajeye sfevepepeio.« syoreiteleyellaifels «fefieltelo. oWe\e} Uetelle G. virginica
Gerardia maritima Raf. Gerardia
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in sandy, halophytic area at Sand Point on
Cheston Peninsula (hectare 4861) and in salt marsh on southwest shore
of Scaffold Peninsula (hectare 5761). Associate species: Acnida
cannabina, Solidago sempervirens, Panicum virgatum. Higman 972.
fignoned sek siacur ¢ d3iw id ee ay
¢S gmemate ,o2tA) .«xylso eft
Baten (eaten 29. wolloy lisse erawolt cee ;
- Betoagxt _ Skeanave a8 bavan etenthat OL :
EEETAOOLS smumeniaes 3 EM sunt) aes!
“eaonst a in a:
siowolued } lee
daricaabhtyt + DUSa? {.deulT) Beoinago3 sks
i” helptIaD0. xeon ait¢ dabiéey so seti gavoy ‘taotsad2, sad Gxst ‘BysL
— | teaboeqe stathoasé . 28S sisd5eH kote gabified sism Io 49s
j P Bisinsbi baste esloag
agisqi to siede Jeow To 935) _ANuoY imorista ‘en0s loot “Gul a
tesrqara oer soaeh 0082 exazse .slventney notasild hu baoq tte=-309 7
S202 cemgth sanmeasitans ozantorads
a
ey
‘_ sibtars2
a | -tiimus te bebowoy esiveqss -siquuq +o Anty pktone A
sod sno7DaMt 9310 -
Agbiotieyido .2 . seven: Oy bas2aqul -jasidad stweestreT re ah
wb £ 09 @. wedge ,caiA) .3as2dad fsram 3ise San
(xeon f-esvest jauardets gtd
o een potah ,agutd detbbsr svsd yam ,wolisy’ silovoo ai
PETS) 20) ce ee rrr | i cael ylssid
ebbisied tot goatee os alti
ao intoT bane te nema Stoydqaled .ybase at jooupeaae «A954 yl.
sulle apewituce #0 dersm 3fse af bos (1884 ers2590) aluanined mote
. ae aselooeaa hp a sluentaed blot?
184,
G. virginica (L.) BSP.
(Aureolaria virginica (L.) Pennell)
(Aureolaria flava (L.) Farw.) Downy False Foxglove
Java Farm. One station: ruined house at Fox Point. Hectare
3558. Canopy of Quercus prinus and Quercus alba. Associate species:
Gaylussacia baccata, Vaccinium vacillans.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent along southern shore of Scaffold Peninsula.
Hectare 5762 to 5764. Canopy and associate species as at Java Farm.
Also one station along abandoned road through central forest on
Scaffold Peninsula. Hectare 5732. Canopy of Quercus alba, Fagus
grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera, Carya tomentosa, etc. Higman 350.
Veronica
1. Flowers sessile; sepals lanceolate, short-pilose,
differing in length by about 1 mm.; corolla blue-
violet; lower leaves round or oval, dentate, the
upper ones! lanceolate toy dsimearne a.) sie) « es \e/s's'ei ele eleleegoreis) = V. arvensis
1. Flowers pediceled; sepals cordate-ovate, ciliate,
equal; corolla lilac to blue; all leaves reniform to
suborbicular, with 2 or 4 big lateral teeth...... te eye pV pHederactolia
Veronica arvensis L. Corn Speedwell
Java Farm. Infrequent, along road to springhouse. Hectare 3417.
Associate species: Valerianella olitoria, Duchesnea indica, Viola
spp., Melilotus alba. Higman 608.
Veronica hederaefolia L. ‘Ivy-leaved Speedwell
Java Farm. Infrequent along road to springhouse. Very calcareous
soil. Hectare 3417. Associate species: Valerianella olitoria,
Veronica arvense, Duchesnea indica. Higman 564, 629.
Also along bank of Muddy Creek, upstream from culvert of old
entrance road. Hectare 2467. Aspect dominant species of ground layer
in early spring. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Platanus occidentalis,
Quercus alba. Understory of Cornus florida, Lindera benzoin.
Verbascum
1. Stems and leaves tomentose; leaves entire, decurrent
down the stem; flowers in a dense, cylindrical
Spillers oh srsrevsiaeitevehere «aie le eere Do Slee « Ma memoraes Giemsa oe ee ... V. thapsus
bio¥tooe to azole mxuiuoe anoles Sea enawod seo per ue Ws:
$5 ab estssqe S2din0ers bas Ygoned «Adve ot Tote steso8H |
«ee gesx02 feitns» dguerdd bsor barobosds gnoig- qottsse sno i
- padis guorsup 260 yqousd ,SETC o1s320H -siventasd phe ;
| 348 (BEDIMOMOR SYReO * ~erstiqtklusy borsht
po inoisy 8
& i pie
: P /* E : ~ ee
vapolta-a10re ,stelosonel alaqee jelisese exswolt mi:
; guid eallaios ;+em I tJuods yd d3geel at galsedain. |
se a3 ,o3aI3osb ,Isvo 49 bayor sevaol 1swol. iyolokwy ©
ia TL is eee .:tasati oF etslossnal sano ee at
: mar Bra } zy
. a ,Steilin ,etevo-sishico elaqea j;balsotbeq arowolt tf 7
yo ; oF mro3 tiie savasl ifs seuid ot aslil ei Lard elnanaaal
Bitotas: obo WY cecisiees-+ fta93 Invatal gid 4 10 S ditw ,tetustduoduay)
ii - = . f rt 4
aan Tlawhosqs reas) .J #beravrs soloa a
, Skensvxs solaorey i.
: Aiee eyniesy .Sayordanitqa o3 Bho guols ,jnsupsitial wie% svst i
anit ; AERA 2 sBotbat soneotoud ~Btriosito eliganizolay. pagkneage atplooasA ©
a ‘th "800 np Tomafh “ed Dé suo Lilo 'y “ga ¢
+1 ohaaiagy bayesi-yvi wt. aifolep bed aotagzet
Vegowtso1s9 yieVY .sauolgattqa of bsox goola jasyperiel yartsd aval
pjtio elisnslysiaVY sestosge sdetoneeA «SIAL 9163290. «LEON :
esa , 402 aamgih Bolbel ssoesdoud SEasyae 85 l a
= Jo txevive woxt whor3equ tear) ybbiM jo aoad goofs porta
Bip te ssiseye “Insnimob josqea .leeS-stajosh «beer ssinsiel ff
: agate ~siloithosig eugs4 to yquand spatsge cea
eT) Ginad probatd ,sbtyolt eunzo) to ytotersba 6g sis syste
—_<« a 2a a.
msanissy ue oie ae
Hisrrus8b jestand eddeel ts26dhemoI tet ova e
, Isobvbablys .sensb s ot extgwolt yesde oda pei
¥
»] Bd Le ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee
185.
1. Stems and leaves glabrous, or the upper stem
glandular-pubescent; leaves doubly serrate,
the lower petioled, the upper partly clasping;
fllowers in a Loose TraCeMe...ccscerrerescecccncessecsee Ve Dlattaria
Verbascum thapsus L. Common Mullein,
Flannel-plant
Java Farm. Infrequent in a variety of old field and roadside
habitats, especially near main building area. Principal hectares
3409, 3500, 2590. Associate species: Asclepias syriaca, Cirsium
discolor, Solanum carolinense, Poa pratense (dense turf), Verbascum
blattaria, Melilotus alba, Daucus carota, Gnaphalium obtusifolium.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in side of steep bank along shore of
Rhode River above Sand Point. Associate species: most of above plus
Juncus tenuis, Atriplex patula, Plantago lanceolata, Arctium minus,
Amorpha fruticosa, Rhus typhina, Solidago sempervirens. Higman 43.
Verbascum blattaria L., Moth-Mullein
VY. blattaria forma albiflora (Don) House
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields south of main building area.
Associated with V. thapsus above.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in grassy abandoned field on Scaffold
Peninsula. Hectare 4762. Associate species: Trifolium pratense,
Trifolium hybridum, Oenothera fruticosa.
Only the white-flowered form occurs at Java Farm; both white-
and yellow-flowered forms occur at Ivy Neck, sometimes on the same
plant. Higman 47, 789, 811.
Linaria
Linaria canadensis (L.) Dumont Old-field Toadflax
Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in cultivated fields and along tractor
trails. Associate species: Draba verna, Arabidopsis thaliana,
Cerastium vulgatum, Stellaria media, etc. Higman 657.
Gratiola
Gratiola neglecta Torr. Hedge Hyssop
Infrequent along both forks of drainage to Cheston Creek estuary,
and beside artificial pond. Hectares 4752 and 4712 respectively.
Canopy of Liquidambar styraciflua, Platanus occidentalis, and
Diospyros virginiana at the first station; second station partly
shaded by nearby canopy. Associate species: Ranunculus sceleratus,
Limnobium spongia, Galinsoga ciliata, Glyceria striata. Higman 725, 873.
iPei? blo Bo yakxey a at pee sie BysL -
fxT S875 gerhlind olism xEsh yiletosqas adedidid ;
s petqsineA xetosqe SisidoaeA 0828 OOtE. 2088
‘Seaoh) SensIB1q BOT semen lorns |
Miktedqeay . Bx0TRD Y suauad cry SEE Cae
36 swells giels uned qoote to sble at spsupst3at- oot eel
pul eyeds 20 Jeom :estosge sjstooeaA .2atod base svoeds ~ ovin abort —
EJo34 gasiossast ogpinelS .siuasa xsigittA .eluga3 Ssuonnt
eaotly Taqmee age bi loe sataqys 2 audi [ BeooEsua bagi!
Aa > tte tuni-iitoM vel akysttela muses
lean _— ssuel (rod) syoltidta anG? sizsijeid'.
‘eons Haahibehst ntam to dtuos abisit blo sk dnsupertal «0x57 BYEL |.
.svods susdet? Vv Aa bw beiskooweA’
Sites > biioitsee no bist? bonobasds veastg ai sigupetiel Ase YE a
‘ae 925795519 mifotixT :eskseqe stistsosaA .§dts sisiosl eloeolasd
| -s200i3u7t sredjonad mubizdyd ay blots
tmxey eval 38 amw370 mrot bexawolj-siinw sia “yind
98K yor 38 tu900 enrrot botawold-wolfsy bie’
118 ,@6% , 84 vemgth> ar
=Siiiiw dod
Supe siid ro pymidamoe
f .
pitest.t
; Smeitbeot bis? t-510 jromG (.7) ekanmsbeies aispgl
, ja gnbibubas eblet? betaytaivo sk tasbauuds yistsysh0M toa yl fo
elista
eBopbleds Sianchidash , anisv adoxd i asiogga sjalobeaa tat >
i . ~vee aemegih .233 ,ptbom sireiiosye . motagloy sutses "a
slotis70
_ ws70% papetgen’
SO amwesh 64 Sheth to etr0t 30d gnole susupextat |
2 SETA bee SEVA pene a Tatoseee, Seis i)
tamhasqe ia aie -yqenes ¥
186.
BIGNONIACEAE
Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. Trumpet-vine
Java Farm. Aggressive invader of old fields; seems to thrive
where Rhus radicans and Lonicera japonica are not too abundant.
Much less frequent than Rhus radicans in forest.
Ivy Neck. Abundant to moderately abundant in old fields on
small peninsula between forks of Scaffold Creek estuary. Abundant
in ground layer of forest at source of Scaffold Creek drainage
(east fork). Invading abandoned grassy field on Scaffold Peninsula.
Higman 1.
OROBANCHACEAE
Epifagus virginiana (L.) Bart. Beech-drops
Java Farm. Moderately abundant under mature Fagus grandifolia
canopy, especially west of old Muddy Creek Road. Hectare 2480.
Higman 249,
PHRYMACEAE
Phryma leptostachya L. Lopseed
Java Farm. Infrequent along old entrance road near gate to
old Muddy Creek Road, hectare 2463. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia,
Quercus alba, Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus coccinea, Liquidambar
styraciflua, Carya tomentosa, etc. Associate species: Desmodium
paniculatum, Desmodium glutinosum, Elephantopus carolinianus,
Agrimonia microcarpa, Viola papilionacea, Smilacina racemosa, etc.
Higman 931.
PLANTAGINACEAE
Plantago
1. Spike cylindric.
2. Leaves obovate or spatulate.
3. Leaves scabrous; scape glabrous. (Also,
bracts of spike shorter than to equaling
Cally) Iolite allevore oio/a\s leis c/s aire alele)'» o\nicleloiel sinlctevsioleyelelisietelels Eonar OMG
3) Leaves vadiliouss “scape; vallillouse. ceeranrhoie creme ee virginica
a. “yebistt ‘blo Ro sobaval svisee
ood ton e¥s goinocst ‘Suit
-359707" nk apeotbay supa
nt Domai ylarsusbom ot Sunt
s429, Jagtd. biatiaa® io alrot, sasusad s
Hae) blotisae to asses. tg jdesto% to, ae
teg02 no bfett ssa basobnads aries
SAIIAHOUAGONO
aqgoub-doao7 iss : ‘gerne AC, 0) panimtsity ay
cs et.
eyuten sehnu jasbauds yisisxshoM © oe: avet ca
: boerer| ,bsof aAeard ybbuli bio To Jeow yilskosqes ere
28S aeumg kil
I HAS QAMYSH4
i beseqot ad eyes
sonmri09 blo gaols 3insupsyiot oust syal
biieTe Buss 10 ygonad £035 etssoon ,bsot Ass7? gbbuls
~B2BE909 uozey) .steatatios noxbuebot ai) sith Ae
tgeineqa StstsoaeA § .999 s203n9]04 ayte? Bes? eek oe
eautetablors> augadesigo!s muscatintg mutbowesd suaaluziaag
. 286 rea eriosikma .sgoagoltiaqsa pioiY ,pgissotska
” -LEQ a
od sine apa beor
| ee rf
0 Fi i pee :
i SAROAMIOATHAIS ie
i ee Oy .
.sisfugaqes 10 stavedo sevead, S
,oefA) .apordels aqsce covntane east 8 |
wy gnileups of aBd3, radrode, otros,
or
oe Hiv Coe a SRM * oP AAS 2 0m 9 aoe
reas a ee -s wokhe aque im
j eres! mar cin, 8 =
RAY pice. ere ei A
187.
2. Leaves linear, with margined semiclasping petioles.
(Also, bracts of spike linear, much longer than
the flowers; bracts, sepals, and scape villous).... P. aristata
1. Spike ovoid-conic, tapering to apex. (Also, leaves
lanceolate to lance-oblong; bracts of spike broadly
ovate, scarious, with villous green midribs).......... P. lanceolata
Plantago major L. Common Plantain
Java Farm. Infrequent around main buildings and along Fox
Point Road. Higman 19.
P. virginica L. Hoary Plantain
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in abandoned field on Scaffold Peninsula, and
along adjacent tractor trails. Associate species: Hypericum perforatum,
Trifolium arvense, Hordeum pusillum, Rumex acetosella, Juncus tenuis,
Lepidium virginicum, Trifolium pratense. Higman 692.
P. aristata Michx. Bracted Plantain
Java Farm. One station: broken pavement along Fox Point Road
near sharp left turn onto peninsula. Hectare 3543. Associate species:
Eragrostis spectabilis, Festuca myuros.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent along tractor trail beside abandoned field
on Scaffold Peninsula. Associated with Plantago virginica above.
Higman 806.
P. lanceolata L. Ribgrass,
English Plantain
Java Farm. Infrequent around main building area. Hectare
2590. Associate species: Juncus tenuis, Cyperus strigosus,
Achillea millefolium, Erigeron canadensis, Triodia flava, Euphorbia
maculata. Higman 12, 1092.
RUBIACEAE
1. Plant a woody shrub; flowers in large spherical
MOA Sore ekale) occlienejielal(afoleieielal’suei e\ e+) s!ellsis) oieevego1elelevelshelels) eyanererevercruremmCeplalanthus
1. Plant herbaceous; flowers not in heads.
DL CAVeS MWwhOTledevetete: siecle ererelersioieicievelolel siislevereleveiersteycheneionerejem Gal enum
2. Leaves opposite.
oinse:
oun eteeakl aatge 4
aeinged nase: é
i ee eats .sEKS. 08 gokveqey pees sso. ae
yy tbaetd sohbes 26 eseand & ‘gnolde-sdent: 0d Sialossnas
‘wtivbhin ced aUaLLEY ditty suo bis3e
of vm 2
Upadseae eek
pris brs Agnibiied mien -bmyots sreupaxial
aie Ot namgil
Lede tet e
bits yatuantawt biol « 52 no histi badobnnds nk sngnpstiel. “nen wet See
nag a. realoage le 2A | -ebtes) oss? inagetbs anole i 3
ae Bojaan xams .muliveug guabzob apnsyie ay
Bs namgili .secazazq autlotExt usuotabas ty. | mu bbget”
3 ~
A Hisiselt basss7d ohsEM 189 jokws 7
y . Bead dial, xe7-grois sosenved aatord ;aokjada eaO ated eet
aivenkisq otfo oT vot qrerla, TROR |
Psrk 376 798K
Eeauraeda Gipsc0esh «CP Ck S58: ; ¢
eos pou3es »aificesoegs: alscosgea
: # yoke inoupetial Avot xvi” ary
Biets benobnade sblasd [isad 39°9h%-
evades Bats at Yon goal" iitiw be tgbooasA .elventest Klotiese ae}
308 mamgsh
Pk
yeaorgds i
al gtatdald detiyos ss ; = ah aie
| ae
hints Insugot 'xb o Rae ave
:setoege saarsoRes, 088
SARDAIAUE
srsvols shnude yoomw 2 saakd ey
it i « .* ie . ~ eweveagetavrverre* ene Rpts 5 tee rs he
: shaed ot jon woness aera seats oD
i
‘
an
geahae #6 Owe * Po ewabe teeter ee ee eee ? 7
i
siverig: spted of
r
a . Poni pti
188.
3. Stem prostrate-trailing; leaves evergreen;
flowers paired, their ovaries united; fruit
a berry. (Also, flowers white; leaves
round—ovates, DELETES) GEM) ssicr ols veciels oie ccsieele eee) Mitchel la
3. Stem erect (somewhat procumbent and spreading
in Diodia); leaves deciduous; flowers cymose,
solitary, or clustered, if paired, the ovaries not
united; fruit a capsule.
4, Corolla rotate. (Also, flowers sessile in
axillary clusters). Expected (Hedyotis).
4. Corolla funnelform or salverform.
5. Flowers axillary, 1 to 3 per axil,
sessile; leaves without stipules.......... Diodia
5. Flowers in terminal cymes, or (not
in species collected) solitary and
peduncled; leaves connected by rounded
Sil pitlieSirerets cvenelsssvelarerelelsy sh leteitieielcieleie siete OUStOnata
Cephalanthus
Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Buttonbush
Java Farm. One station at west end of Phalaris arundinacea
meadow, north of main building area. Hectare 2468. Associate
species: Juncus effusus, Erechtites hieracifolia, Polygonum sagittatum,
Polygonum pensylvanicun.
Ivy Neck. One station on sand bar of cut-off pond on Rhode River
shore of Cheston Peninsula. Hectare 4880. Associate species: Sium
suave, Rumex verticillatus, Asparagus officinalis, Sambucus canadensis.
Higman 175, 947.
Galium
1. Ovary and fruit smooth, muricate, or granular.
Expected (G. verum, G. mollugo, G. obtusum, G. concinnum).
1. Ovary and fruit bristly.
2. Leaves 6 to 8 per whorl; stems weak, reclining.
j poets sotaied 8
Phedmeosg Bee itp qosta 5 siaae
panoubtoah' aovest if
e abbeavo a jybestag i hevedenls xo. ete:
i ci a ‘veluagao’ 8 5 toa ihe fit _
net sikenow jarmre Li outa aanidox obtextaca Meres 2
(Mabeorba): hesgequl -(otajeuks exeltina’ ae
‘eeerievies *o° nro¥ toni Pitch ees
ee : ytixe seaqeb oa f ,visiltye avawort 46 0h)
grhors Feo «uns sadoatte tyodtiw asvesl ;oltease
ae le ben} <xo eam [soterret al arswe te OPS oak
boe yxao Line a agbioel saiosge. nh
NbbAUcT vd basasnios eevepl ;befouuhay oo,
: ‘ : (>, ates
BEMGIEMOE p44 betes ss Jen pedcuvevetipnss ceepasnylie : ee, ae
" 4 bs i ea
i
ae i anise ferlgod ese me i
7 7 ‘ ( oa ‘ "ar
ms fapdey sau J eilajasbtoob aung mee |
tg goltiedte ea). et eve: ey
<9 x Lat Eee
Beh t NG? aA = Fs gutbitud miss to;dsa00 ,wobasm
& rH pe ND tet ya! auzutis ausouh ¢ arene
| c gut: motnav iene Fy ragoaried #
antjese sad noel wi ‘
sfientas? dojeadd 26 Scone
~eusetiiars3sy, xem , ov.
«V8O- OAL canal
ars. abhor. ma Beng Fi
whe fhaisege sjslow
ial oan augudme? «2
i on 2 ee
=
We
mu kts) . ;
‘“siudety to ,Stewivun .dsoome Jiwt? bas yrevO oe ay
(gpaahoces .2 .auevsdo Sh .pgyifon .2 .mysy 2) bo soequal
syioatud atest bas riayo Bot
gotniiaat? glassy eepce ; fret tq 6 a) pavand oS
Ii)
3. Stem harsh on the angles; leaves 8 per
whorl, linear to narrowly oblanceolate.......... G. aparine
3. Stem smooth; leaves 6 per whorl, narrowly elliptic.
Expected (G. triflorum).
2. Leaves 4 per whorl; stems ascending, not reclining.
4, Flowers on distinct pedicels terminating the
branches of the panicle. Expected (G. pilosum).
4, Flowers sessile along the loosely divergent
branches of the inflorescence. (Also, leaves
Ovals Ome TEND EAC) eine ereje;«ieieisieltoyelieisi aie aieyeeleie) easier crete Ge melnCaezans
Galium aparine L. Cleavers,
Bedstraw
Java Farm. Infrequent in bottom of Muddy Creek valley,
above tidal portion. Canopy primarily Fraxinus americana, Also one
station at shoulder of old Muddy Creek Road, near entrance gate.
Associate species: Duchesnea indica, Poa sylvestris, Geranium
carolinianum. Higman 95, 639.
G. circaezans Michx. Wild Licorice
Java Farm. Infrequent along old entrance road, west of Muddy
Creek. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Carya tomentosa, Quercus alba,
Liriodendron tulipifera, etc. Associate species: Houstonia purpurea,
Arrhenatherum elatius. Higman 777.
Mitchella
Mitchella repens L. Partridge—-berry
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant beneath canopy of
mature Fagus grandifolia, especially along old entrance road near wellhouse.
Hectares 2477, 2478, and 2487.
Ivy Neck. One station: west shore of Cheston Creek estuary.
Hectare 5704. Canopy of mature Quercus prinus. Higman 93, 774.
Diodia
Diodia teres Walt. Buttonweed
Ivy Neck. One station: tractor trail to grassy abandoned field
on Scaffold Peninsula. Hectare 4740. Higman 1019.
er oe pdt gatteniws3 eisotheq Jontzelh 0 eater a
Pout ~fameo tts 2) badosqud ,olotasgq otis. to. asdoasid
dnegrovib efesoot aij gnols elteesa exswolt ¥@
gavesl ,oefA) . manpepenlaes ada to esdonszd .
..(absqifis to Leve =o
«2 ee as ah en
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a pttebad ht a
ap tisv $4ox0 vbbuld to mojjod at ineupsital mat ‘evsl
“rio als a eugizet yitremtsq yqoned ..fokixog Isbks svads iy)
j ie same oeiins yeso ,bsodt geaxd ybbuM bia to ysbiuote 3s morbjsae
i gmalnes99 absjesviva 509 so% ,sorbnt esrasdoud :estosqe sdsioosea
“Ign renetor gts “Ea .e° cemgtl -munstat lore
h estneste bLiv | 3 _ .xefotM Lassoso1to 2
ay D gt gesv .b60x sonsi303 blo goofs sssupstial -wiel syst
oer ieee apozaeme) syis) -stloitbaszy sugsi 20 yaors2 ,ts979 _
ig5isoqe sisitooaeA 8.318 Brsiigiivs soabmabotaht
TUT gemgit ,eubists rans
sifarioriM
m “s puaeaiaioall wl emego% aa
a” iB a», ‘20. igor fanessd tesbauds letasebor o3 JnsupaTini saat eval.
o Law spon baor Soasiics blo anole x f{stseqee .stloitbns eugene o1wIsit -
—_—_ : .(8adS bas ,6 cae ate eV VAS - Tit coxedzale
Wapittes eet coved io ayorne Jesu scuba 500. .wost yl ta j a
(ea. ,00 momgt .guatsg suameuD satan to yqons) .,A0%¢ sza399h 7
pibord
Kai 29703. 6
ae "er aa fess zo2sK72 snok2ea¢ 980. doit
.Od1* otat00H meyers
190.
Houstonia
Houstonia purpurea L.
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent in mature hardwood forest,
either under canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, Liriodendron
tulipifera, etc. or along estuary shorelines under Quercus alba and
Quercus prinus. Found along north boundary of Java Farm west of
Muddy Creek, on north shore of Fox Point peninsula, along old entrance
road west of Muddy Creek, and along west shore of Cheston Creek
estuary. Higman 776, 840, 887, 974.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
1. Corolla funnelform to campanulate, irregular;
style long; stigma capitate.
2. Plant a shrub or woody vine.
3. Corolla funnelform to tubular; ovary 2-
or 3-locular; fruit a berry. (Also, plant
a woody vine in species collected; flowers
fragrantuand) SHOWY)s es a «ass vis evsisine ses sere) ONMCetal
3. Corolla short-campanulate to salverform; ovary
4-locular; fruit a berrylike drupe, with only
2 nutlets maturing. ...cccceseccecccsccseceees sss oymphoricarpos
2. Plant herbaceous. (Also, leaves over 1 dm.
long; flowers axillary, sessile; corolla
tubular, yellowish to dull red; fruit a
dry worange—velldliow) DeiGI ¥2)iejsps) + «ef ene) ojos syst ene) eleyelevelis) gers) eto O Sibeum
1. Corolla rotate to open-campanulate, regular, deeply
5-lobed; style absent; stigmas 1 to 5.
4, Plant a woody shrub or small tree; leaves simple;
Fruit a drupe with P9Stone.vc.cceeesc verse cerres ess VIDUENUM
4, Plant a semi-herbaceous shrub, the stems with
large white pith; leaves pinnately compound;
fruit a berry, with 3 or more seed-like
MNES SG ODO DU DOUCDUMOUN OODDOD AOD ODO OOOH OOOO OOo SEhlmeUs
Lonicera
Lonicera japonica Thunb. Japanese Honeysuckle
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Usually abundant throughout old fields,
along roadsides, and as a dense ground cover in both pine and hardwood
forest. Associate species: Rhus radicans, Campsis radicans, Vitis
vulpina. Conspicuously infrequent (as are its associates) along
estuary shores under canopy of Quercus prinus. Higman 121.
i poser Siopupostet, ee
attoetbaeyd 8 gp :
Mahan gonileseile yseuiaa aettn To ,
Eel 4a visbouod Avion grote. Sas eg
Hota waiyentaag ante! x01 te az0da da19n0 x9.
Mito atode tgow gnole bas: .39870-7obuR
re .88 088 ,av\ samy
SieOACIOTIATAD 2
jufuosomes of mrotfentiwt ai bored a
repingattl. .S
atpsiqss. sagits (anol gives
eniv vboow 10 dieds rs daald mee
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a . ce we yasvo 7 16fidsn of attennit -siioxod | € a
i - ay Senta ,oelA) «YvTran B Stust. sxeingel-— 36 es
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fc (ewods bos Yaeygaz? sca
a. : azgotse.| rte sakes were eee eeewetaeeee d Bee =
ie
4 <j f
‘ & yeave im sulee of siolunaqmso~Teons allared Vf cei
DUP AT. Sie © vino dity ,aquib »1 <yad s tiuwt? igeluoot-s e
OS antautem. station S$ a)
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Ay alloyvoo :aliessa , val lies erowold verod 7 ;
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. Ree paces tear ; .(yxisd wolley-sgaeso, y95 8
viqssh ,valuges ,sIsiviegneo~dmq” od staves allowed) sh
. 2 of L anmabis ;tavada eiyae :badal-t
——r Eta
; Ma ‘ s@kamie asveot (9973 iiema vO dugde yboow # {nate 7 Oe Pe
he BM oes ye cence eet rere e ens eSMOTE ittw equeb’e theth =
7 D8 oe . ae 1
djiv ema@de aff ,curie spossedtod=lene @ Jaeit, Or
sbawoqaos ylasenntg eeveet plitg sitiw sytel
akti-beee stom 10 € dikw ,exted & Ifoct
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OA
L. japonica, var. chinensis
(P. W. Wats) Baker
Java Farm. Infrequent, in old fields near Fox Point Road and
new entrance road. Associated with typical form above. Higman 202.
Symphoricarpos
Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. Snowberry, Wolfberry
Ivy Neck. Two stations: east and west coasts of Cheston Point forest.
Canopy of Pinus taeda, Robinia pseudoacacia, Liriodendron tulipifera.
Higman 1090.
Triosteum
1. Leaves perfoliate below, the upper tapering to
base, glabrous or puberulent above; flowers
SOE AE BDeT LAXI 1 o's) sleteisiois cle6 As Ss\s ele elsieie sje ss sliisinciacle mie DeGtOLtacum
1. Leaves all tapering to base, strigose above;
POWELS ll PET axa yo ciels elsietele © cis) cienee)e ee ele cies elers)e « eldiiere/e wan usin LOlsnam
Triosteum perfoliatum L. Tinker's-weed,
Horse-gentian,
Feverwort
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant on east- to south-
facing slopes overlooking Rhode River, north of Fox Creek drainage. Hectares
3517, 3518. Canopy of Liquidambar styraciflua, and usually Robinia
pseudoacacia and Ulmus americana. Associate species: Verbesina
occidentalis.
Also, infrequent in old fields near the above area. Hectares
3507, 3508, 3509. Dominant species: Rhus radicans, Lonicera
japonica, Solidago altissima, Rubus spp. Scattered Ulmus americana,
Ulmus rubra. Higman 230, 762.
T. angustifolium L. Horse-gentian,
Feverwort
Ivy Neck. One station: beside abandoned road down Cheston
Peninsula. Hectare 5/19. Very thin canopy of mature Pinus taeda,
moderately dense understory of Liquidambar styraciflua and other hardwoods,
very dense ground cover of Rhus radicans and Lonicera japonica.
Higman 1077.
‘door g eutarasbinse do
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i Mopbasbotsit sstogpecbuesg Binzsot sintges csbeed aguald to yqonsD
al) as ; a namie
a
oo gaizsqs? zoqgs adi ,woled otnliosag See as ¥
arowolt itsvoda tueluisdug 10 evoxdats sand -
Oy debtors .* Pl lwasakheds bad ekeuenve ees vds eS ss9 ee eh SOBs 19q 4 10 C3
, ai .gvods seogitss ,sasd oF gnitxeqe? Ile seveel i :
tes Oe DERG wus bdeed dens seteseiebe cob bves sditta Woaer /BISVOLE
; cb yhoswee wooed T a mietiotxea ms auossolit
ae Coes fides iaaabiae ; ;
ae pRowrevel Pig: 4
re -
niluioe 6) “3808 wo jusbnuda ylotsxishom oF Iaav portal .mzst aval:
— seganiosh Yoox xot to davon ,tovi8 abodt gattoolasvo aegofe Se
Milewen bas ,suiitoery3e aadmabigpht to yqonso ,BLGE" SESe ee
. f Ex rentoeqe ajatsoaeA .ansotisms spmiU baa elos>eobysaq a
a = — -gilergsbisao:
Dy
. ~
“i WeesoeH .fats syods siz xs9ed ebleit blo mi: ingupetiar ,oelA
Meotbat eulih +teotoeqe joseimod. .@6E€ B02E, .COCE
= pesokans ot
Ee «Siaattenn & Wobewssino2 .aqe gudyhk ,smigetiin oaabito2 + 824.80'
ai S00 OFS camgih ..gedut g
(nu baaeg~ sa sol Sue juiioiiieugns .Z P
IsOW1OveT
meager! nwob baot betcbaads sbtesd ‘:oohieie sn0 Age8 wi
{ sxuvjam io yqonKs aida yxs¥ .@ile stasoe at
ji pio ons auditssxy38 zrsdembiuptt to yiosazobau seasb vlesazebom
oleae gisoino! bas seatbay ule auif Io sevo2 ere sane 731
‘eis * 2
ia
ia 3 be vi
ne 7s hg ia a
eet ee ee
N92".
Viburnum
1. Leaves palmately 3-lobed, much dotted beneath;
petioles stipulate at the base..........seccceecseeees Ve. acerifolium
1. Leaves unlobed, orbicular to ovate, not dotted
beneath; petioles not stipulate.
2. Leaves coarsely dentate, orbicular to oblong-
ovate, usually, pPUbESCENE ciaieisicieie » weieie lel eleielejeisieiers eis Vie Aentatum
2. Leaves serrulate, ovate, glabrous........¢s0.0.+++. V. prunifolium
Viburnum acerifolium L. Maple-leaved Viburnum,
Arrow-wood
Java Farm. Infrequent; one station on south-facing slope overlooking
tidal portion of Muddy Creek, under canopy of Quercus alba, Quercus
velutina, Fagus grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Carya
tomentosa. Also one station on Hog Island, under canopy of Quercus
alba and Quercus prinus. Hectares 3429 and 4502. Higman 100, 457.
V. dentatum L. Southern Arrow-wood
Java Farm. Locally abundant, in broad valley tributary to
tidal portion of Muddy Creek. Hectare 3530. Canopy of Quercus alba,
Fagus grandifolia, and Liriodendron tulipifera. Associate species:
Viburnum prunifolium, Lindera benzoin.
Also, infrequent in old fields near Fox Point Road. Hectare
3523. Dominant species: Rubus spp., Lonicera japonica, Rhus radicans.
Associate species: Diospyros virginiana, Liquidambar styraciflua,
Celtis occidentalis. Higman 371, 455, 514.
V. prunifolium L. Black-haw (L),
Sweet-haw
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant along
roadsides, in old fields, and under a variety of hardwood canopies,
including Juglans nigra and Quercus prinus. More frequent and
widespread than either V. acerifolium or V. dentatum. Higman 220,
429, 464, 507, 638.
Sambucus
Sambucus canadensis L. Elderberry
Java Farm. Infrequent; stations at main building area, west end
of marsh meadow north of main buildings, and in freshwater marsh of Fox
Creek drainage. Hectares 2580, 2468, adn 3516, respectively. Station
at main buildings may be persistent from cultivation. Associate species
at both other stations: Juncus effusus, Polygonum pensylvanicum. Associate
only at marsh meadow: Phalaris arundinacea (dominant). Associates only
at Fox Creek: Salix nigra, Aster praealtus, Rosa palustris.
GSTS "panel ton Eder at a weed
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= ag aya 80 bas ,etetiqtty corbosborsit ,siltottbasig eugB eae aed ey)
wsusu to yqonss s3bsu ,baeiel go no qotinia ano oatk Cty:
Oi deweth ~-.S0ed ins @SAE sotatosH .everig auazaud. bas.
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- eaeigons> boowbisd to yiettav 8 sshav bas -ableft bio at: eabkebays | -
bag tesupest 70M -gunitg auo7190) bite. -etgin eostaul gatbufont ~
“OSS wemath .muretpab ¥ 70 “Fo mittotizess VY tenate nets basagesbiw
.8Fa ,{0e 408 O88
«Ga wed-daoalsé
wad-t9swe
eunudmse
aa
§itud gain Is enofiste ;ieaupetial ~
ob) bos Bea otsm to deg
peas eae ed yea
Ie
VALERIANACEAE
1. Leaves pinnate or deeply parted; plants perennial.
Expected (Valeriana).
1. Leaves entire or dentate near the base; plants
ATUL Ail sewelle (ore avetiey sie! seleliclistehsvcloueiey leita cle eiexeielecielscenercfereeiereeietec Valemianevalia!
Valerianella
1. Bracts (subtending the cymes) ciliate, or at least
the outer ones.
2. Petals blue; fruit glabrous, its fertile locule
turgid “and “ridged on the "backic ecole cece cece cee Ne Olntorra
2. Petals white; fruit minutely hirsute, its fertile
Hoculle tak! con ENC PACK aire eleie\excre eis) sieleloherens) sieleieversisneromivsce aGelaitea)
1. Bracts not ciliate. Expected (V. patellaria).
Valerianella olitoria (L.) Poll. Corn-salad,
Lamb's-lettuce
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant along road to
springhouse and in yard of old house there. Hectare 3417. Associate
species: Veronica arvensis, Duchesnea indica, Trifolium repens.
Higman 607.
V. radiata (L.) Dufr. Corn-salad
Lamb's-lettuce
Java Farm. Same location as V. olitoria above; same associate
species. Higman 1126.
CAMPANULACEAE
1. Corolla regular; anthers not united into a tube;
stigmas 2 or more. (Also, capsule opening by pores
on the sides).
2. Corolla rotate; capsule slender-cylindric.......... Specularia
2. Corolla campanulate; capsule obconic or turbinate
to subglobose. Expected (Campanula).
1. Corolla irregular; anthers united into a tube;
Steioma gly VOreeniit range edicvstsieleielslsie sieicieisiersrereielnetchelerm erence hob edsta
F aN
an rare | rant x
@inelq yessd ox. 1898, Cle 10. aaah
Be ccgcsussvneeesaqestnnry tices +e cose tram
ee EE ? PS ls sk eee.
WEIN ite! “gifeastsolav
“te ‘tees! te. 30 easiLio {gamy3 sia einen ere
8980 Tetuo add : :
gducei oikixst #34 ,svordelg divxt -ouid aisist ea
dosd sd3 ao beghts a bigtut > Pus
eer mets Prenas “hee 2
‘okt deat att ,siyatid qissunto Siwy? fence ateded 3 iain
4 .¥ A vscls SR a eae snd io $BI% sinsol ah a
_ ete ih -_ -(etisilssag eV) bejosqza woinkits don ide
Yee. fa tly , : aes wi EL
Y iin gbatne~0709 | ife% (.1) skxotklo sfis :
CS carat deed un ed Vaasa Maa
eat ibe
ei 93 Bett ‘gaola sapbaude ylaisisbom 03 jnsupoaienl mat evel ar
he, Pen EM susioes .sx9d3 sevad bio te bray wt bos sevodgak ankae
= <gaegos mutiotixt .sotbnt seqestoul ,etgsovas $2 tnowsV :eoha9ge
aX00. nang tH
a
| ee aap ES r rind (. d), ) saskbex x -
c, esudtet~a'dmeJ = a
sisioonen IEE savods sixostio Ve as notiscol ome2 nial aval
.OSil asmgit weeks.
i) * | _ BASOATUWATHAD_ Deeg
ttre
jadud « orat betiau Jon ezoddin jvalogot ettoned ok
gatog vd animegqo aivaqss .osfA) .otom to & samgtie |)
.(a9bke 943 m0 ©
. r= sianitdaes 10 simoodo siueqs> ;978lt
Dee eke ti» —— pear
et eal &4
CAT gedea &
E ,
194,
Specularia
Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC. Venus' Looking-glass
Java Farm. Infrequent along right-of-way to new entrance gate,
around main buildings, and at east (drier) margin of Phalaris
arundinacea meadow. Variety of associate species. Higman 723, 782.
Lobelia
1. Flowers 18-45 mm. long, including the hypanthium;
corolla tube with longitudinal openings near the
base.
2. Flowers bright red.v.ss.ceesssesvvvccees weceeccewees lu. Cardinals
2. Flowers blue or purple. Expected (L. puberula).
1. Flowers 7-18 mm. long, including the hypanthium;
corolla tube without openings.
3. Leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate. Expected
(L. nuttalli).
3. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovate.
4, Stem long-hirsute; bracts of raceme leafy
below, gradually reduced upward. (Also,
fillowersy bl udsSh=whi Ge) yeh. leteeteliede wee selvelellted... Le inflata
4, Stem densely short-pubescent near base; bracts
of raceme all reduced from cauline leaves.
Expected (L. spicata).
Lobelia cardinalis L. Cardinal-flower
Java Farm. One station: On Muddy Creek at transition between
forested stream valley and upstream limit of salt marsh. Hectare
3413. Associate species: Quercus falcata, Panicum virgatum, Typha
latifolia, Rosa palustris, Mikania scandens, Pluchea camphorata.
Higman 83.
L. inflata L. Indian-tobacco
Ivy Neck. One station: along abandoned road through central
Scaffold Peninsula. Approx. hectare 5722. Canopy of Quercus alba,
Quercus velutina, Liriodendron tulipifera, Carya tomentosa. Associate
species: Vernonia glauca, Amphicarpa bracteata. Higman 966.
ase» won od eae soaks gnols Jnaups a ‘
asistt to algrem ‘(a9ish) teas 38 bos vegatbiiud gt
. gama ii ,asinege pistaoges 26 okey _ Wwobsenr
_ Biiedel *
pouidtasqee eit qekbuiant gaol ci ca-8l: <mreni -
“adt sen egatnsqo isathutigaol ddtv dud alfores
-onnd>
bot sdgiid erewolt o£ ;
Sei ab a we 0-29 629.0, 3 Fe ra ee Ve
Kec remod eg. ol) botoaqee eiquiq t0 auld a SoM
i
i: . nee eukdiosqys edi gotbulont gaol wom 6L= axswold zr
.egtknsgo avodjiw sdus @lilorea- ’
9) ‘= a
ar i, hesosqual .etalosonsl yiwoxras 07 snentl asvesd , al
7 4 -(Ettetqut «WD i
+B38V0 30 stefosonai-gaoide asveol a
; qiasi amacey to ed2esd -stuetid~anok maa2 2. cane
oalay dai bosubss vilscberg woled | aay’)
A BAGEIBE hw -nseeiascenerser cers .(osidu-detuld mreree? i | ae
ptosid. ,sasd 1595 jasseeduq~sx0te tleensh mate ~ aka,
vesveel sntiuss mox? bsssbet fle smegn7 to
.(eisatge J) botoeqx
Zewolt-Leathxs2 ni shisntbses sitedod
a et G@ssutad aolitenssi 36 wes70 vbboM 20 .:cotisie 5x0 ~wist evel s iy
weed6oH dessa tise tc simi mseziequ bas yollsy mesite pevesseiee
sELRE
sidqyT musi saztv muoigey . 5369 isi gu91550 Riaatiat fe. gipisoszah
mmdesedamss Sofjul sofoult ,apebance skipitM , eizJeuted set atloita
weaages;cstbal
Lnran09 deversda bsex bonobns
ie eyotsu) Io yqomsd Bs
sp gnols <:solisie “Shae yer
sin3208 «xonggh x 2ciasd
~ ph * |
ho chee ¢% A
ip, 7
195.
COMPOSITAE
Key to Tribes
1. Disc-flowers absent (immature ray-flowers at center
of head may appear discoid); sap milky.......+.+e+.e+2- Cichorieae (p. 196)
1. Disc-flowers present, ray-flowers present or absent;
sap clear.
2. Disc-corollas deeply cleft, resembling rays
(true ray-flowers absent). (Also, anthers
caudate at base; plants often prickly)............. Cynareae (p. 201)
2. Disc-corollas with small terminal lobes or truncate.
3. Receptacle with chaffy bracts. (Also, pappus
of awns or chaff, or absent).
4. Outer and sometimes inner phyllaries herbac-
eous; style-branches usually with pointed,
hirsute appendages; leaves usually opposite.. Heliantheae (p. 202)
4, All phyllaries scarious-margined; style-
branches truncate, pubescent only at the tip,
not appendaged; leaves alternate...........-.-, Anthemideae (p. 207)
3. Receptacle naked (occasionally with slender
fimbrillae in Astereae (Solidago) and in
Helenieae). (Also, pappus usually of capillary
bristles).
5. Style-branches long and appendaged.
6. Pappus of awns, scales, or absent. (Also,
style-branches usually with pointed,
hirsute appendages).....csesscessceseceee- Helenieae (p. 209,
Expected)
6. Pappus of capillary bristles.
7. Ray-flowers absent; disc-flowers
white or lavender; style-branches
cylindrical or clavate, glabrous or
nearly so.
‘eiess hoseiivte: a ‘bist
pseeniectenen ta bal sb he ian ai
‘ y3needs 0 jaseoxg “atowolt=yer jingesrq erowoll~seid
steels arch
eVvBa gastainnst diets ylqssb. eslforos-vatd - -
ateding joalA) ~-(Jaeads— arewolt-ysr Snt2)
«ad gi a ecg Ratio: ginelg 7Ssead.ts a aaNIES
«oteonus3 ‘tc a lsnimis3 SLewe daiw selforo2~o6hd s
ee
auqgqsd oath) -atos7d yitedo tke alnsaqssel ce
ae hs .(4neads 40 tarde 10 enews to ©
i “Sodied astzelivdg reat semitsmoe bra x50 vai y nh
ee: ~batatoq Asiw ylleveu astinnard-siyte gayos * :
SOs .q) agaitngtiot . sikeogqe vilnvers esvacl jesgabasqqe savers Zs
: walyie sbentgisa-evolzace estisiiydg TtA 2
.qta add da ylno Ynsoesdug ,9Isomyts esroanid
08 3) Saebimed nA Talib be ns owe tI A eonent thepsboeqge Jon
tebnole datw qileaghesono) Gsaenm sloetqaced .£ te ae
at bne (ogabi log) sse72ieA nt wel tksdmtt ey
yieiltqes to yiiaves auqgeq ,oalA) .(ssstpetol
= (asisetrrd |
sbegabnaqqs has gaol asdonszd-siyIe at
~oatA) .taseads to ,e9isoe ,anwe 20 awaqsd “0
ebeteltoq djiw yilsvev acdoanid-aiyse ine Abe
caves. (Begebneqge stuexid Ale
.seltaktd. yreiliqss 25 epqget .e"-. Ad ty ae
axewolt—-oetb ;taseds arawoli-yai .%
geionaid-elyse :tsbmeval ro siinw
to epotdadg , etavet> zo Isatrbatlys Pewee
‘ 92 Siaates At
k _
ba nrg ALL “7
shirt ity io aan
f b ae ht ‘5 eo ‘
ae Wrik ie a
196 °
8. Style-branches hispidulous, with
pointed tips; anthers sagittate;
heads in cymes or glomerules;
leaves without resin dots, alternate... Vernonieae (p. 209)
8. Style-branches glabrous, with
round or obtuse tips; anthers
round-based; heads in corymbs
(racemes in Liatris); leaves with
resin dots, opposite or whorled
(alternate: in: Liatris) esis). viceiee000. Eupatorieae (p. 210)
7. Ray-flowers present; disc flowers
yellow; style-branches narrowly
lanceolate, hirsute on the outside........ Astereae (p. 213)
5. Style-branches short, not appendaged.
9. Phyllaries entirely herbaceous. (Also,
phyllaries in only one series; style-
branches truncate, pubescent only at tip;
pappus bristles capillary, very soft,
copious; leaves alternate (except in
Arnica)in.. <fibihoim enon dlremre ch shee ewes Senectoneae: (p. 224)
9. Phyllaries partly or entirely scarious.
10. Anthers sagittate, appendaged at base;
pappus of capillary bristles; ray-
flowers absent in genera collected.
(Also, plant usually wooly, except
ins Pluchea)iacrm. shtostelorsie <tstot oGusbGee sees es Inuleae (p.) 225)
10. Anthers not sagittate, unappendaged;
pappus a low crown or absent; ray
flowers present in genera collected...... Anthemideae (p- 207)
Cichorieae
1. Pappus chaffy or of both chaff and bristles.
2. Flowers yellow; pappus of both chaff and
bristles. Expected (Krijgia).
2. Flowers blue or white; pappus of small
Chatty SCalies).crerape etopenanoroispene) shepenstonere elepensrsboiorelexe sce « w/e CLChonLum
7 = v
Rees Bites
i ei ne Ree = ee! Pet re)
worxdalg eotunerd~alyaa «8
' Haiw
_ -- gradtan jeqi3 sevido x0 bavos
eo sedmproo it ebsed ¢bsasd-bitved » .
isk esvsel qfeinistti at esmeoe1)
halsoniw ro sakeoqqgo ,230b ateex
Wehbe ween e 6 eee oie Gebrsstt gi etemisala).. Bee:
Ee Hee: - sxswol® aeth ,ineaang exawoliryeds\ he
eda yviworren aofonsyd-aiyie rwolisy —
iA wivises@biesvo sf2 no egtvarid ,atslosouel -. ae ee
-bogabneqgs 308 ,-dxene esdonaxdreiys® .¢
,o2tA) .auoacsdrsid viaxtsns estreilydd Pa Pn in ie
' wgiyse jaeirse sno yao ah ‘eotustindg: a
:qia Se yino sasse9duq astsonura -eodogead ;
“ Phoe yrev ,-yislitqss asljsaiid avqqsd Ai
nk. Jqooz9) signrstis esvsel ;euotkgos = :
Ue tia pwhtamuks bon eee ansns MRR REERS Se ae} ) =
{ i
auotisos ylontone xo, vituaq asbisliydt .2
-susd a6 beasbroqdge ,wtetiigas eusdinéA OL ae)
ous jeolteind yrailigas to auggeg | an
Ae? ,beaoalion sseneg al dnseds exowoll
gqgoxe ,yloow yilsveu tgata ~oel&é)
| ARS 60) BROMUAE oe ceecedneey peeve vonesousees (BODOULT mt
thagebneqqeny _saeziigee Jom arsdiné «OL
Yat yiosede xe OWoTs wol s suqasg
v +g) seebbasds ah wos ebetastion syéeeg ab Japastg exsuvolt =
Pir aris fi ; age i 4
gsottonol) 7
.asijaiad base Yinsio diod to to Ytisdo auqgst ot
bite Vado daod 30 euqgsa zwolley exswolt .S
-(etgiia) bejosqed. -asiteizd
a | Liema 20 auqqsa :odidw xo ould exswolt .8
Bmubroroto sil pibabinihe nwa en aa ness ecees «omnes + “RSME isis i
197.
1. Pappus of many bristles.
3. Pappus plumose. Expected (Hypochoeris).
3. Pappus capillary or scabrous.
4. Achenes with short, hard points above.
5. Stems leafy; heads small, few-flowered....... Chondrilla
5. Stems scapose; heads broad, many-flowered.... Taraxacum
4, Achenes usually smooth (fluted and somewhat rough
all over in Pyrrhopappus).
6. Achenes flat or flattish; leaves, or
most of them, sharply cleft to pinnatifid.
7. Achenes tapering to acute or blunt
summit, beakless; flowers 80 or
more per head; leaves spiny.......++e.eeee+- Sonchus
7. Achenes tapering to a stout, broadened summit
or to a filiform beak; flowers 6 to 30
per head; leaves not spiny except in
one texpected Uspeciles Wiggs. it). sitesiee sls coe sre -Lactuca
6. Achenes columnar or nearly so; leaves entire to
remotely dentate or serrate, not pinnatifid.
8. Achenes with long, slender beak.
(Also, involucre double, the outer
phyllaries short; pappus often rust-
colored but ivory-white in specimens
COMLECEESM) > MILA. stirsltciercdke Harorelnetells oe civics LY EEhOpappus
8. Achenes beakless (but may taper to
apex).
9. Phyllaries in a single series.
Expected (Crepis).
9. Phyllaries in 2 or more series.
10. Flowers white or pink; inflorescence
a branching raceme or panicle
of drooping heads; involucre
cylindric. Expected (Prenanthes).
pala dia Rope ee ee
lesan bred 1 aoe qiakw eth
“gues PaeREY? bas. iataks), djcone yilsueu genanie eo
: sxngee fase at yevo Ils
ae x0 ,e9vasl jdetssel? 10 t6.L2 “pakedod, 10
»brtisannia 03. 2teLo.. yiqrada «mata, To, oe
tayid to SauoKR oF agnixzegss eensdok +
a go O08 exewoll :eaollasd. , tiamvea.
Ai _ Budsiaor sepesehenreenes¥Alge sovsel, ,bsed.19q 920m
i Dry : Simms bengbaord ,.dwede.s 03 gaixsqel sonailoé * Na
i. . my GE o3 3 erewal? piped mrotill? 8 oF Fox a
ene) he ee ic ae .
. ai tqaoxo yalgqe jon eevasl jbsed 19q
Boyton! ots vena pennecatondecut@L09gs, beteaqes sho
be
—_ ot saline pavesl ;oe yiiseq zo rzsnmdioo esasdoA .0 Ng
ai .bitlseuntq jon ,aisxise 10 stadceb ylesomez
be Assi sebnele ,grol diiv aonedsA +8 ' . P
eae seivo ad3 ,siduob sxoulovat: ,oalA) Bat
-Jaus asdio augqesa ;31ede satisliydg : 4 ie
ansmissqe at stidw-yrovi tud betelos
a NRE SF os 4c eit #7 Hsine en nana « «SANT
7 { cia .
62 ySeqe? yen Jud) eesitsead esnoisA
rege . (xeqe
vasiise sigats s ni esiusiiydy 2 a
»{atgs19) bedoaqut vn Ge
-8alx9e oxom to S mk aoisel ind? &
songsestolini ,sintg 30 adkdw atewolt .0L
aioiceg 10 sfeoss gutdoneyd 5s mie Hen)!
szovloyvnk :abped gaiqoosh Jo wilape 8h
Gaderer) bosom vatibakigs =
198.
10. Flowers yellow; inflorescence
a corymb or panicle of erect
or ascending heads; involucre
campanulate or broader........seececceceeeee Hieracium
Cichorium
Cichorium intybus L., including
forma alba Neum. Chicory
Java Farm. One station at junction of old entrance road and
road to springhouse. Hectare 3408.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent at borders of cornfields on Cheston
Peninsula. Also along tractor trail to artificial pond. Hectare
4721. Higman 952.
Chondrilla
Chondrilla juncea L. Skeleton-weed
Ivy Neck. Two stations: along trail from parking area and
trail to artificial pond, above drainage to Cheston Creek. Hectare
4721. Associate species: Cichorium intybus, Mentha spicata, Ambrosia
trifida, Agrostis alba. Higman 1024, 1218.
Taraxacum
1. Mature achenes tuberculate only above the middle.
2. Leaves dissected to midrib; achenes reddish.
Expected (TIT. erythrospermum).
2. Leaves not dissected to midrib; achenes
BOWNTUS cio sein ies nieiene ole) s '0)-01's)'04e aloveilecehe exer eVeilel stele /elele/ leis) sfsie efoielis) Orel canaLe
i.oMaturesachenes tuberculate, tol base... .2icnc -efisee eerie Le) dati lobum
Taraxacum officinale Weber Dandelion
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent along roadsides, usually in
unshaded locations. Higman 487, 579.
T. latilobum DC. (combined with T. officinale
in Britton and Brown) Dandelion
Java Farm. One station: entrance gate on old Muddy Creek Road.
Hectare 2463. Associate species: Taraxacum officinale, Galium aparine,
Trifolium pratense, Geranium carolinianum, Commelina communis. Higman
jsp
Se Aablelticn, BLA 2a, Pot Paneth ap moh Rete ed | anieaeke
GOLF ares oak, ‘eauotgatnge Og. bso;
een Wes abtwlinxes Ao atebxod te: Anaupertals | ery nee
ore ie saci dll od; hiker yotoax igri Samy osth, %
ee 3 pergit
) Baeresot to . . ash a gitz sma
we nares enidizen aor. {hast gools, r.anotiats owl) Vansld wr
seu) sodead) 02 sgapieth sveds sbooq Latoltiigs #3 fkexa
A iaaaatoe aijooM ,audvind musyodagk) sestueqa sastooees LSTA.
MIST. yASO! aeargth spdis ekaeonat a
quakes sT
othbin ott owode visto sininoradud seceios etudeM Pe by
fetbbes govaion pdirbim of besooseth asvesul oS
. (aperreyeoidiyts |. TL), bedoeqed
nensdos pdishimw of botosgethoton saveed ote.
vhs w sen RL ewO Te
..9and of otelyotedud eanedas atysem al
rode sieatediie
om an jpabhebaos gaalp — Aas evs pai arsit svat”
te , Vee areas mane B
_ gise ‘ot dake bemtdnos) 2
| inden tae., om 8 bon
199.
Sonchus
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill Sow-thistle
Java Farm. One station: base of tile silo at main building area.
Hectare 2590. Higman 827.
Lactuca
1. Achenes tapering to a stout, broadened summit;
flowers blue.
2. Pappus tawny or olive. Expected (L. biennis).
Zig PAPPUS! WHTEC ccc eee ecocisivnsecccess ss esleisisicisciee sive cscs Lue tlorddana
1. Achenes tapering to a filiform beak; flowers
yellow.
3. Heads 5- to 8-flowered; achenes 5- to 7-ribbed
on each face, oblanceolate to narrowly obovate.
Expected (L. scariola, L. saligna).
3. Heads 12- to 20-flowered; achenes 1- to 3-
ribbed on each face, oblong, elliptic, or
oval. (Also, beak Jointed) c cis cc wcice elie ciel se sm ce Limcanadensilis
Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn.,
var. villosa (Jacq.) Cronq. Lettuce
Java Farm. One station: along old entrance road between gate at
old Muddy Creek Road and culvert of Muddy Creek. Canopy of Fagus
grandifolia, Quercus alba, Liriodendron tulipifera, Carya tomentosa,
etc. Associate species: Eupatorium purpureum, Agrimonia microcarpa,
Desmodium paniculatum, D. glutinosum, D. glabellum, Elephantopus
carolinianus. Higman 30.
L. canadensis L. Lettuce
Java Farm. One station in old field. Hectare 3504. Associate
species: Solidago rugosa, S. altissima, Aster lateriflorus. Higman 331.
Pyrrhopappus
Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walt.) DC. False Dandelion
Ivy Neck. One station: tractor trail to abandoned field on
Scaffold Peninsula. Hectare 4740. Associate species: Anagallis
arvensis, Galinsoga ciliata, Rumex crispus. Higman 957.
ciimmys banebsoxs tvoze & OF gabveqas
oe oy eanids oe
\Cetnoatd’. ib betoaqxd -avklo 70 vw auqgst me
le |
sesendvesese quand eeilil eves deat)
oA wet
eal oS AE aad ls Rll ieapetltighe ti aa
DN aa
jiewst3 sdasod miottine's 03 gaksoge3) stadadell
eat wwol ley
si n j is : D
Pe ps is shia od =@ @smetoe 3 -parswolt-8 ov -? abasi eee ;
a -syevede yiworren 02 adeLoesnsldo ~post dose fo
-(smatiae ol «ilotzeoe » besoeqxal ae
~£ of <1 eemedoa jbaxewoli-0S oy ~$f sbaol
20 neh peel ecole ,son? dose so baddit
.(bsantot staed yoatA) «Lavo
it 4 Tue va bee ee eee S
| q-tttte80 (0) pe
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oo Uh
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$6 Bing temwted bao oonatic5 Bio gnolse iottasea ond ree sieat iy
hy Saat to yqons) esx) ybbulf to s+oyfua bre baok agexD ybbuM ble,
pyred yexeiigtius wos trpshotass ,edis euoteed’ .sitlottbneg
B a, bs screrain o sioomtypA ,mUsreguy moh osequs ragtosqe stsiooegA
| T gusoteadasis <mliodsta 2 wbankiuss 0 muislustnag mutbomesd ©
a i. OC osmgt .euoscct lowes)
@oudiead
4 phase benee: a ay |
eaeenahe \WORE syetosH .bketi flo at notisie oc0 «cust evel (2a
ge tama amohtixacel 1a28h « peobeyi2he -2 (seoaus oasbites ») rna098
gusggugodz3y i f La
200.
Hieracium
1. Involucre barely imbricated; phyllaries equal. (Also,
stem scapose or cauline leaves few; rhizome present).
Expected (H. pratense, H. florentinum).
1. Involucre clearly imbricated; phyllaries unequal.
2. Branches of inflorescence with basal bracts;
inflorescence a panicle or corymb.
3. Leaves chiefly basal at anthesis, broader than
the scattered or absent cauline ones; bracts
minute. (Also, tips of rays fringe-cut)......... H. venosum
3. Leaves extending regularly up the stem; bracts
leafy.
4, Stem glabrous except at villous base; branches
of inflorescence glabrous. Expected
(H. paniculatum).
4. Stem and branches of inflorescence densely
pubescent. (Also, panicle may be short-
cylindric; peduncles densely glandular)....... H. scabrum
2. Branches of inflorescence without bracts; inflores-
a cylindric panicle. Expected (H. gronovii).
Hieracium venosum L. Rattlesnake-weed,
Poor Robin's Plantain
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent, chiefly along estuary shores
under canopy of Quercus prinus, Quercus alba, Carya tomentosa, etc.
Associate species: Gerardia virginica, Gaylussacia baccata, Vaccinium
vacillans, Epigaea repens. Also found along bank of tidal portion of
Muddy Creek, under canopy of Fagus grandifolia and Quercus spp.
Hectare 3551. Shrub layer at this point resembles that under Quercus prinus.
Higman 655, 842.
H. scabrum Michx. Hawkweed
Java Farm. Two stations: one on south-facing slope over abandoned
pasture. Hectare 2458. Scattered Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron
tulipifera, and Pyrus malus. Spreading ground cover of Lonicera japonica,
also Rubus spp. and Rhus radicans. Second station at old entrance gate.
Hectare 2463. Edge of canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus spp., Carya
tomentosa, Liriodendron tulipifera, etc. Associate species there:
Geranium carolinianum, Galium aparine, Commelina communis. Higman 191, 353.
' aavesl onkives tO! ‘
gold, «Hi .seastean
Leupomm: natant spoaaatadat ulsssto’ 2704 scsi,
qetoerd isons
fait: gebaord ,aipotios 36 fsaad. pues eigen
: wasevd Heino sntives sasede to hovossE9e ent”
ee ve vine (Quo~Sgutas aysit to agti oats) -.stumk Pah
atoerd ymoaste oft qu yiraluges gntboe sxe | govead
| meme”:
aedoaws¢ -»eed guolltv js Iq59%9 avotdels mage vA.
onions -euoxdaty goneoee rol tal lo
(ouap tue taed )
| eioesreb sonsoastol tal to esilonexd bre mote wh
Bi -gxsone 6d yan Sioknsq , ofA) .aasseeduq'
1: (tatubasig ylesasb apt ofivbeq yolubakiyo
gimea Laat yedoard dyodaiw sonavanietol 40 watsnaete. #Siis
Ch bvogo 1% 2) batooqua .ekotneq obybakiva ‘nf ORS
od musonev mutossat ff.
mpsas bien iasopsrial... A so" vv bow oat pom » OM
oIgemo- See agie supAse) « _suate Jo. YqOmBS sebmy)
3 ev we ed sizupeutyeo «#2! otarty Tgatooge sdatooseh!
ores Tabta to Acad gioie bavoi optAé ee ‘enpgtg’ : aap L ibaa:
(cae ben pilojibsszg auged to yqoaes Ysbau ,#eord ybbul —
“geben det esldmvess tetog eld? ts revel dutAé yeee. o1staeHy |
- «SAB 220 oe
ogi-diuee mo sa0 sewotsatea owt,
~earte28 agence oxs398H
a2
201.
Cynareae
1. Involucre not spiny; flowers blue, the marginal
ones) Gesembilkiing, raySeyeieihepeyerevelaeleleje dieeeneys oe «s)e sjeleleisi e's GeNntauned
1. Involucre spiny; flowers pink or red-violet, all
alike.
2. Leaves not spiny, the lower ones cordate;
phyllaries spiny, with hooked tips.......+..+++e+e+e-- Arctium
2. Leaves spiny, narrow at base; phyllaries spiny, with
SER ao Ee Gap sierstarereia aloneyetererolensrereloneteiier sic clehsceiapers vishe) eroleieie Cites UUM
Centaurea
Centaurea cyanus L. Cornflower,
Bachelor's Button
Ivy Neck. One station: tractor trail to abandoned field on
Scaffold Peninsula. Hectare 4740. Associate species: Anagallis
arvensis, Galinsoga ciliata, Pyrrhopappus carolinianus, Taraxacum
officinale, Rumex crispus. Higman 808.
Arctium
Arctium minus (Hill.) Bernh. Common Burdock
(A. minus Schk.)
Java Farm. One station: rubbish pile at main building area.
Hectare 2580. Associate species: Eleusine indica, Datura stramoniun,
Solanum nigrum, Amaranthus spinosus, Phytolacca americana. Higman 6.
Cirsium
1. Flowers perfect.
2. Upper half of stem and branches with long,
prickly wings decurrent from the leaves............ C. vulgare
2. Upper half of stem and branches not long-winged.
3. Leaves green beneath. Expected (C. muticum).
3, Leaves with dense white felt beneath.
ber cal > Aaa : ewok 4
ie
edateeiat aon 3 sale Sis seipuety Yon
aegis batood dat eeakqe
rerbnntsacceente
.eatae: aontettdg :aasd ae worxan pats @ hide
when tans Sols age
Feb ihesiwetesiavanse res cs siyen™
BO tuginsd
f
hss Elan: od fleta todoexd Faobdate ond” aos Yi
, suehoeqa statoosas {OANA suBtosa .siuenbne® biox:
sabes suduegodsat ee
08 apmgit .apgetzs
“mu tjoxk
agai’. norte dete (.LE2H) euake mye
panei ; Choe eg:
ant iy
gina galt niem ge olin detdduy ‘:eoisase 400. \orba avel,
d awietl ,Wotbab entaueld restoeqe etatoouaA .08es’ orgdoeH
aa ebaalse
ging 998103 qN% causes, See ausala § ins
muykeg to
anol dtkw eedoosrd bos mete te ated 1 sae.
ag Seah dit eaancaieh ons mere tnarxuasb agalw amisias
sbargndve~ gat snijedtonssd aie! hag * 194
202.
4. Heads subtended by spiny leafy bracts;
peduncles short, leafy.
5. Principal cauline leaves deeply pinnatifid
into linear-lanceolate lobes...........++.. C. discolor
5. Principal cauline leaves entire or shallowly
lobed. Expected (C. altissimum).
4. Heads not subtended by leafy bracts;
peduncles long, with scattered and reduced
bracts. Expected (C. virginianum).
1. Flowers dioecious. (Also, leaves green both sides).... C. arvense
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Bull Thistle
Ivy Neck. One station: edge of cornfield on Cheston Peninsula,
near head of Cheston Creek estuary. Hectare 4755. Associate species:
Datura stramonium, Abutilon theophrasti. Higman 1220.
C. discolor (Muhl.) Spreng. Thistle
Java Farm. Moderately abundant along old entrance road south
of main building area, and in grassy parts of old fields. Hectares 2590,
3500, 3504. Associate species: Poa pratensis (dense turf), Asclepias
syriaca, Apocynum cannabinum, Erigeron canadensis, Aster dumosus.
Higman 44, 337.
C. arvense (L.) Scop. Canadian Thistle
Java Farm. One station: beside old entrance road just south of
main building area. Hectare 3500. Associate species: Cirsium discolor,
Asclepias syriaca, Verbascum thapsus, V. blattaris. Higman 888.
Heliantheae
1. Ray flowers absent.
2. Shrub; salt marsh habitat; heads monoecious, the
pistillate flowers 1 to 5, marginal, without
corolla; the staminate flowers numerous,
central, with lobed corolla....secsesesecesceeecees Iva
2. Herbs; terrestrial habitat; heads dioecious, the
pistillate ones clustered below spikes of staminate ones;
pistillate heads 1- or 2-flowered; staminate heads
5- to 20-flowered.
bateed anbdviass doghookst
“mune Eom badesqet <badol
. peaseed) gest vd pabuardee tom. ‘chaste an
Rpoubor has Begedzane dakw, sarol ‘ga lormubog. 7
. » Cae RY od) oar pat etannd
uliabts iti! anders eevee! loapay savokssotb) ‘exoweld Va
}
i im | than ms “ gxoneTt (hye) Sxagtay atest
e go bletinxas to ggbe :Moksaze ‘on’ aigatt a2 Me
B2Xs oxsdoeh .yreuias seer) codavdd, to BRIA, 1800, |
Hoss! foot «btaex xigosid mo liqude « us ROMS a ;
ig plexed -_ rgaande Kig shits solegete | 2
eos oaaeeesns bie. grote sanbquda, yiere Loom pom avealy la
sete ,ebiel? bio to 818g {aansy nt bea -23 5s aribliud, asm:
_Cy102 gomeb) etasdetg 807 sagkoaqs sivisouad -. SOE (OU
yaunomub rosea, eteqsbemny noweg has ynuntdsnpes uae
7m alaannt epathwaed
Ms Wiles Sout ber sprerrde Slo ablaed snolpide “amd pee ce
eee reabsoae paneeener (OEE age Fao) sare: gabblend ois
RR roe -aizkdzald «7 (pega mosediey sgskre satast oa)
spotisoe tied
‘ie sf
‘edt ,sgotsoocom ahaad 5354 kde dexse ies dora ie
quodtsiw ,fsalyrzen,¢: 04 4 exewold etal iksabky: i
“we , sero teonal saat etaniasse ons. ,aLLowaD'
: en SS a a badol épiw , hexteeo
oI =
203.
3. Sandy beach habitat; phyllaries of staminate
involucre not united; fruiting head a very
prickly bur, 2-seeded; leaves simple...............-. Xanthium
3. Roadside and field habitat; phyllaries of
staminate involucre united; fruiting head not
burlike, 1-seeded; leaves lobed or dissected.
(Also, staminate heads inverted)........+.+e+e+eeeees Ambrosia
1. Ray flowers present.
4. Disc flowers sterile; ray flowers fertile.
Expected (Polymnia, Silphium, Parthenium).
4. Disc flowers fertile; ray flowers fertile or
sterile.
5. Leaves decurrent down the stem.
6. Ray flowers sterile; phyllaries bent
downward, few; leaves pinnately
veined; flowers pale yellow.........cceecceeeeeee ACtinomeris
6. Ray flowers pistillate; phyllaries imbricated,
many; leaves 3-nerved; flowers golden-yellow.
sieheralcretetenstiore ateretelavetonetete teteteieliele ey abeleNatleyerchenstiele dislseijeme Verbesina
5. Leaves not decurrent.
7. Achenes turbinate, 5-angled. (Also, leaves
opposite; rays white; disc yellow).......cccoee Galinsoga
7. Achenes flat, 4-angled or, if 5-angled,
subterete and slender.
8. Receptacle conical to columnar; leaves
alternate. (Also, rays orange; disc brown)
Ododigdocc odddddudopodudoddod Go Candaadoo doo Mulaelsta
8. Receptacle flat or slightly convex;
leaves opposite in all genera collected
or expected.
9. Flowers white; chaff of receptacle
bristly; pappus a minute bristly
CLOWN 0/000) overoie oo: velo io vielevelols sivicisisje/ejsis sleletenepme eC kampical
9. Flowers yellow; chaff of receptacle
broader, flattish; pappus of teeth,
deciduous scales, or wanting.
ity slixdg : ined ir bist brs ebtebsos
“ton. ple oer eg the3 Eau Stouleved, an
x0 bedol esvset tbebsae-l” of
a+ (Batzavak rant siearrvreric “ a
area cath YBY cigs ‘avant sett ms
(omiasisrs? mutdgl is aimee of}. beanaqudl |
rit no sitt1s? atewolt yar pelicaet erawol?. oak Ay
ad ; . ,siftete>
me Ry
bet ; ;
-
meta, ad2 te
ined eotreiivedg ‘al tvate ‘arawoll yet Ma
yisdsnntq esvsol :wot ,baswnwod.
i; bsatsv
‘Bisemontia/ 1 ie aa ei wyeens WOlloy stag exawolt eh
i ae , bossorsdat golselivda gaselittetq arsenite Oe ae oe
mea Ay, wollay-mebiog exswolt ; -bauron-t, esvseal,cvanm . °) ene
aa
x are I
i DER eines a tdve<daicgine snineart te sor ee NRE SAY THAT Te » vie
i , ss ( r ve
3 Vales
1 ie jneTiosb gon eaves .¢-
7 aevect ,oefA) sbalgne-2 .sisatdaud eensioA lbs =: oe:
VEBGRELERO «ve <seersir ee (wolfley oath seth eyex pstteoqqo | a
S| is nein balgas-2 2% 0 belgne-) 3613 eonsind S| ",
ae een wwebaste Sie stertejdua os
geveet pranmuloo of Imotmoo elosiqsved .8
ree
Pe j
ee a (awosd o¢tb j;sanst0 eyez oak) .stenzotts
abbaleadibul eeaeeneeer av beg'e* een eeteve Pa ae We ee . oe
-xoynoo ylidgife x0 gett elseiqsopA, .8 ig te i.
hsizolias siete, Lip nt sdtaoqge, esysel
. ba399qG%9,: 0
gfoetquosy to Ytedo jsIldw axewolt a
aay qizeisd etudim | euqqsy, ‘geltetzd,.. «
; ieee nears en snsezsnnnnnac ts 20 "7a RTGS wk) yt
7 5 . * — akpatqanes Yo Vado jwolloy ssowolt .
io daeos Yo & . saanameti mice
+ at %0 yeelens etoubkoab
204.
10. Pappus of retrorsely or antrorsely
barbed awns or teeth (barbs not
always apparent on immature
flowers). (Also, achenes ciliate
along the margins).........e++eee+++- Bidens
10. Pappus of unbarbed teeth, of scales,
or wanting. Expected (Heliopsis,
Coreopsis).
Iva
Iva frutescens L. Marsh-elder,
Highwater-shrub
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in salt marshes,
especially the more inland parts. Associate species: Distichlis
spicata, Solidago sempervirens, Aster subulatus, Spartina patens,
Hibiscus palustris. Higman 53, 114.
Xanthium
Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr. Cocklebur
(not included in Britton and Brown)
Ivy Neck. One station: sandbar of cut-off pond on Rhode River
shore of Cheston Peninsula. Hectare 5800. Associate species: Spartina
alterniflora, Asparagus officinalis, Strophostyles helvola. Higman
1030.
Ambrosia
1. Leaves entire or palmately cleft, opposite; staminate
involucres unilaterally 3-ribbed; fruits 3 to 12 mm.
IlefyVG GOS CULO OOOO OBO OOO OOOO OU OUUOU DOOD ODD ODDOOOOOOOUO iim isesbesYeln
1. Leaves pinnately lobed to bi- or tri-pinnatifid,
both opposite and alternate; staminate involucres
obscurely radiate-veined; fruit smaller than
ADOVE vearetele ss esc e ese ccc ceecetceseseeeccsccevcececscnee Ae artemisiifolia
Ambrosia trifida L. Giant Ragweed
Buffalo Weed
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant along
unshaded or partly shaded roads, tractor trails, and field margins.
Wide variety of associate species. Higman 252, 311, 1025.
a eater gies of jasbauds ylotarsbolt dost wil bas ore aval oR
nye fi seeiogqs sisiooweadA ,.sstsq brainh axon ald, ytisks
a mee ‘ petarage wuteludue 79784. SrgtEvisgmss ogebt oe :
eres | OLE ‘Ee nomglt ohiiaulss u22,
+
vee ‘ 1
ae ; muteianeX a
‘a uebioed La | ai teW-muotosubyensg
ren hai (mword bos mositsi at bsbuloak Jon
<oyih Bho so biog PIo-3u9 to yedbase sooksese sa0 aoe vi ie
| pep koeqe atetooesA .008@ ets309H .slvantasd aojesd) 2o stole
abouled polyiaodqor22 bles lotta BUgSIsgaA paolhbaredde
OLE”
ataotmmwie pestaoqeo ,2telo, ylodamieq, 19) stitag asvaed of
vm Sf o¢ © attest tbaddtat yvilazesetiou asrouloval ~
el
ae 0 es ee ee ec banaa'sh leapebadesned tain tas oa eH
,bhaksanatg-isd yo -rd es bedol gletagatq sevesd «
ubdbulevnt sigutmets :esentezie.bes stteogqo dod
madd tetieme tiuxt ;beatov-saatbes viexuseda
Leta bebeaeytenenees « OVOGS 7
: aS Pad
ESL oe SHeMM eee Serer er yee reas tee es
=
od pbs
& <iesexsbom od teaypetTinl
bus ,efieasa. ar | yabeor: babad m
. Ne eft Stheeenst + astoaqe, pai 20
205.
A. artemisiifolia L. Common Ragweed,
Hog Weed
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant along
unshaded or partly shaded roads and field margins. Wide variety of
associate species. Higman 1167.
Actinomeris
Actinomeris alternifolia (L.) DC.
(Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britt.) Wing-stem
Java Farm. One station: source of stream which rums under new
entrance road at junction with road to pier. Hectare 2599. Canopy of
Quercus velutina and Juglans nigra. Associate species: Impatiens
capensis. Higman 228.
Verbesina
Verbesina occidentalis (L.) Walt. Crown-beard
Java Farm. Moderately abundant in moist, partly shaded areas,
especially forest glades and forest margins of fields. Most abundant
in hectares 2479, 2561, 3429, and 3508. Often in virtually pure stands.
Higman 147.
Galinsoga
Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake
Ivy Neck. Infrequent along tractor trails and roadsides.
Hectare 4740. Also along trail to artificial pond on Murray farm.
Associate species: Perilla frutescens, Taraxacum officinale, Daucus
carota. Sée also Appendix II. Higman 836, 1060.
Rudbeckia
Rudbeckia serotina Nutt. Black-eyed Susan
Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant in abandoned field
on Scaffold Peninsula. Hectares 4762, 4772. Wide variety of associate
species. Also one station beside cultivated field on Cheston Peninsula.
Higman 816, 1242,
od (2) at
atiotionsi is.
(. 43338 ie I) atloitnrsi ie
‘ + dotdw marta %o soxuoa istoltate on) _.orket’ evel: |
a expjoot .xetq 09 bheor ditw coljsaut, Js baot aQn
" yeakseqe SiatouseA -aznio anelaul bes gotsulsy:
okie 88S Aemait
| | anisadxoV, : |
awe ieo9 i ,i1eW (3) gbinandbtone coteata
a . bsbade “yilsoaq tatom at sitnhiste: yleiarsboM lmxaXt eval. ca
ine ‘nies Jeo .ablol? to ealgram teor0t base esbals Jaszot Bie
Vgbaete sao¢ yituviaty at mo220 8026 bas ,OShe , foes ,OvsS eerste MES
re ; TAL: <<
pe ; y | at M, ugoantind ee ey aarti a
atsld (28H) ) magilite saan, .
wae sesblebsoz bas alters 1OI9879 gools sneupsytal dost yi
ny \ ont yertuM co baoq Iatotitiza 02 {tera gools oalh OAT A oxatoal ”
a ee cae sMiestattio sugaxsist ,2gsoee 3th +2 siitysd :estosgqe aagtooseA ,)
i a Od0L ,dta ssagth ee Tt xibnaqqA oela 94d -BIO1B2
7
siipadbyst <i
ch sosbaede pLatexsbom 02 taoupsTial A
tfay abtw (S008 , SOTA esrstosH wel :
) wo Bist? badavtatys: sbtaed a 9n0 oath
Pat Tr eek wilnwee «dha ain | mre ie : Omi
Be ne itp a
206.
Eclipta
Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk.
Java Farm. One station: growing in rotted stump beside tidal
portion of Muddy Creek, near upstream limit of salt marsh vegetation.
Hectare 3413. Accessable only by boat at high tide. Associate species:
Pluchea camphorata, Scirpus validus, Smilax rotundifolia, Typha
latifolia. Higman 258.
Bidens
1. Primary leaves bi- or tri-pinnate; achenes linear,
very unequal, the inner 2 to 3 times as long as the outer
and inner, InVOLUCTE.. . eee cece eeveceresssesvsceseencees Be bipinnata
1. Primary leaves once-pinnate or simple; achenes
broadened from base to summit, the inner not over
1/3 longer than the inner involucre.
2. Primary leaves simple or with 3 to 5 coarse
lobes, without distinct leaflets.
3. Achenes with a convex cartilaginous summit.
Expected (B. laevis, B. cernua).
3. Achenes truncate or concave at summit,
not cartilaginous.
4, Mature central achenes strongly 4-angled.
(Also, leaves undivided or with divergent
basal lobes; phyllaries ascending or
looselly jspreading))4. severe» sere cineiniese ose soe Be CONNata
4, Mature central achenes flattish, with slender
or obscure midribs. Expected (B. comosa).
2. Primary leaves deeply pinnate-divided or with
distinct leaflets.
5. Rays wanting or shorter than outer involucre;
leaflets uncleft. Expected (B. frondosa).
5. Rays showy, conspicuously longer than outer
involucre; leaflets pinnately incised or
coarsely serrate.
a 93907, “nk gntwoxg. pecan and pee wel
i tise ad ohm l meszieqy IB8 ead bbe, to cer
By) “ed yd eno: eldecesooA ee sbi
aubttoy ia: ‘
angbkt
he Waemtt sonedos iver 70 \~kd) eoybals wuaabst >
Vay eS as gol 8A santa €& oF S yannk old isupeaw TON),
" l ugaaetavet qonk © ‘bie
i rate asatidssegracaegrar cress ts
eared os yalqate TO: ajenntg-3s00 eovsel, casa -
Rie sove 40a eeont ort .Iimove o3 gasd mart benobsoxd | .
Mi exoutovedt woant off cada sogsol €\Ly,
as 2 of € ditw 1o slqmte gsvasl . exantx4 iS |
“ptaltest Jootsetb suorstw yesdek .' \\) Sonam
wooo & daitw esmadoA atint
er ybmmue quontgaititas xe
rowel 8) bavyaoqxad
(guavas .ehyeet
_iiminwe 3s sveone5s TO aisonuss asnanok .€
suontgelt 75> ton
Woe lexinos ome yi
a balgne-$ ylguatsa sene
bi eaveol ,oatA)
+h ae sqogzov th daiw 10, bebivi
30 gntbesgar aariet lydig peadol feaed
(gnthsesq® yisenol
SS ; ae ;
a. pee
sebnaie djiw ,datsieii eanoioa levines otujeM ««? sai
- (agomm « £) pexooqud ,adiubior giusede, 10
date x6 heobtvib-esanate yiqeeb aovesl aan oh, ee
-aggiieel gamkdekb 4) ‘avenge
nave asd? yeiz0re 30 gabon hk ail as
8) Besoeqed -Steloay ne '
} segeol eon cota we ot
207.
6. Outer involucre of 8 to 12 smooth or
finely ciliate spreading, acute or
blunt phyllaries 4 to 7 mm. long.
Expected (B. aristosa).
6. Outer involucre of 12 to 25 puckered or
coarsely serrate ciliate spreading or
reflexed-curling acuminate phyllaries
TO. ZORmms WONG cre ciecicie.» cies clcleleltehetcdeteNeeve cle Be | POlyepUS
Bidens bipinnata L. Spanish Needles
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant along roadsides and in
cracked pavement at main building area. Associate species: Juncus
tenuis, Aster dumosus, Perilla frutescens, Lamium amplexicaule,
Melilotus alba. Higman 77, 357.
B. connata Muhl., var. petiolata (Nutt.) Farw. Beggar-ticks,
(8. tripartita L.) Stick-tight
Java Farm. One station: sand bar in bed of Muddy Creek, upstream
from culvert of old entrance road. Hectare 2467. Canopy of Fagus
randifolia, Platanus occidentalis, Quercus alba; understory of Lindera
benzoin. Associate species: Impatiens capensis. Higman 168.
B. polylepis Blake Beggar-ticks,
Stick-tight
Java Farm. One station: forest margin of old field east of
road to springhouse. Hectare 3428, Adjacent canopy of_Fagus
grandifolia and Quercus velutina. Associate species: Verbesina
occidentalis. Higman 148.
Anthemideae
1. Receptacle chaffy, at least toward summit or center.
2. Heads numerous in close corymbs; achenes
oblong, flattened; receptacle flattish
(prolonged sin VE CULE) mrorersteremveleverencvevovenetcrs evevetereleietevs /eieterehers Chinnloled
2. Heads solitary at tips of branches and
branchlets; achenes terete, angled, or ribbed;
Teceptaciic (Conical <jv.tevayayevarataversvorele. sieve eisielelejeiele sees sie eATLCHEMUS
besaofaug @ ot Si to, sxbuleval koe
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BSuge8 FO. Yqon: raosaaLbA aS 36 ovsdo08 manly 63 baow’
matestiaV tashoage sitataceas peciautey Bu aod bre aft a
(BOL rsing fH sHinahebioaa
eo b tment oA
(weanws ys Clos Siewhs jane! 16 yxitaorio stent ae a
apace jader¢tdo e@ols of eporsswa absel on
dolazvel? sisetgeaes vhnersadelt ,gnoide
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208.
1. Receptacle naked. (Also, disc flowers yellow).
3. Heads in spikes, racemes, or panicles. (Also,
rays and pappus absent). Expected (Artemisia).
3. Heads solitary or in corymbs.
4, Receptacle conical, at leastin fruit. (Also,
rays and pappus absent). Expected (Matricaria).
4, Receptacle flattish or low-convex.
5. Ray flowers present; pappus none; achenes
5- to 10-nerved. (Also, rays white
(in species collected) or yellow)............ Chrysanthemum
5. Ray flowers absent; pappus a low crown; achenes
3- to 5-angled. Expected (Tanacetum).
Achillea
Achillea milleforium L. Common Yarrow
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant at main building
area, in grassy fields south of main buildings (hectares 2499, 3409),
and in triangular area at entrance gate on old Muddy Creek Road
(hectare 2463). Associate species: Poa pratensis (turf),
Erigeron canadensis, Plantago lanceolata, Duchesnea indica, Cyperus
strigosus. Higman 10, 517.
Anthemis
Anthemis arvensis L., var.
agrestis (Wallr.) DC.
(variety not in Britton and Brown) Corn-chamomile
Ivy Neck. One station: beside tractor trail on Scaffold
Peninsula, between cornfield and grassy abandoned field. Hectare
4771. Associate species: Hordeum pusillum, Plantago virginica,
Linaria canadensis, Specularia perfoliata. Higman 694.
Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. Ox-eye Daisy
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields. Dominant species: Rhus
radicans, Rubus spp., Solidago spp., Lonicera japonica. Associate
species: Oxalis stricta, Rumex acetosella, Lespedeza cuneata,
Barbarea vulgaris. Higman 652, 758.
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1@OhS (an teIo001) agrtbitud ats to sjvo08 whieh? yecaty wy (eas
myabs ea vhbutt bilo mo 9453 gorse 3A Bete talogsetys at boa .)
()spa) atendzayg sol tesineqs etsinosad (Lees exedaenye
me Babbo2 ase pens: mit! anavdood (eqetosones ngstaeald .etamsbena.: corsgEa bes
Nhe “Or rtaing EH ngth -eueomkeptes 7
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“tev ol shenevre abso iah
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witegmaio-nt0 (mieva ‘Bos cortisd af doa welgnyie
brotinae Ho LReas “vos9e73 sbiued -qoregte bats waa wh "i
pipagoel (Stet? bandbrieds ywasts Sas bloltetes mowian: final
Pyepkotariv 939) joni’ ,auliteug jweptoh wae toH a hoaqe senporaa SRNR
ore, |) | (aeRO remengttl Bisilotss oe. ahasiuosae atage dense
209.
Helenieae
No species collected from this tribe; Helenium spp. expected.
Vernoneae
1. Heads not in glomerules, several-flowered; phyllaries
uniform, imbricated; corolla regularly 5-cleft;
pappus double; leaves not rosulate.........sceecescseee Vernonia
1. Heads in glomerules, 2-5 flowered; phyllaries alternately
flat and folded; corolla slightly irregular; pappus single;
basaliWeaves ToOSulat Cis wie epeiejepsheseieusie.» s0/(sie/sse' sie) slo ele sicvoisreye) Hephantopus
Vernonia
1. Phyllaries long-acuminate or with a filiform appendage.
2. Pappus purplish; phyllaries ovate below appendage,
with broad scarious margin....ccecceesecsecescesees Ve noveboracensis
2. Pappus creamy; phyllaries lanceolate below appendage,
with slightly scarious margin. ..ssccceeseccccccssee Ve plauca
1. Phyllaries obtuse or acute. Expected
(V. altissima).
Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx. Ironweed
Java Farm. Infrequent: one station at north margin of freshwater part
of Fox Creek marsh (hectare 3515); one station in old field south of
old entrance road and east of road to springhouse (hectare 3418);
one station near Muddy Creek, at upstream limit of salt marsh vegetation
(hectare 3413). Higman 84, 129, 484.
V. glauca (L.) Willd. Tronweed
Ivy Neck. Infrequent: along abandoned road through central
Scaffold Peninsula. Hectare 5732. Canopy of Quercus alba, Liriodendron
tulipifera, Quercus velutina, Carya tomentosa. Associate species:
Amphicarpa bracteata, Lobelia inflata, Gerardia virginica. Higman 965.
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fae Hivos blett bie mt soliatze so” (Mee oxss0ed) derem desx0 xot, 20
Oe (BEDE eteiced) savodyrtiqe of baox to Jen9 bas beot saastine blo...
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210.
Elephantopus
Elephantopus carolinianus Willd. Elephant's-foot
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant in moist, shaded
areas, especially near streams; grows under a variety of dense, mixed
hardwood canopies. Associate species vary, include: Panicum
clandestinum, Aster vimineus, Perilla frutescens, Muhlenbergia
schreberi, Asplenium platyneuron, Polystichum acrostichoides, Aster
acuminatus, Glyceria striata, Geum canadense, Onoclea sensibilis. _
Higman 37, 183, 236, 306, 471, 1003.
Eupatoreae
1. Leaves alternate; heads in racemes or spikes
(Al'so fetlowersierose—purple)h, -itesitiidsecscesecerscee Liatris
1. Leaves opposite; heads in corymbs.
2. Iwining vine; phylilaries 4; fllowers 4.....s..0.c088 Mikania
2. Erect, not twining; phyllaries more than 4;
FLOWELS: 3-40 che aeiereke cieetepeler sietelleteiele cieisietcle selene eocse EUpatorium
Liatris
Liatris graminifolia (Walt.) Willd. Button-snakeroot,
Blazing-star
Java Farm. One station: Fox Point. Hectare 3558. Canopy of
Quercus prinus, Quercus alba. Associate species: Gerardia virginica,
Epigaea repens, Gaylussacia baccata. Higman 430.
Mikania
Mikania scandens a) Willd. Climbing Hempweed
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant in moist habitats,
fresh or slightly saline. Moderately abundant near landward borders
of salt marshes; associate species there: Iva frutescens, Pluchea
camphorata, Polygonum hydropiperoides, Panicum clandestinum, Hibiscus
palustris, Kosteletzkya virginica.
Also moderately abundant in marsh at west corner of Farm, hectare
2470. Associate species there: Scutellaris lateriflora. Infrequent in
old fields, hectares 2580, 3418. Associate species there: Eupatorium
serotinum, Solidago altissima, Aster novi-belgi. Higman 81, 146,
196, 408.
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Eupatorium
1. Receptacle conical; base of stem with prostrate
superficial stolons; flowers blue-violet...........-+. BH. coelestinum
1. Receptacle flat; base of stem without superficial
stolons; flowers white to purple.
2. Involucre cylindric, the outer phyllaries
closely imbricated, purple to creamy white.
(Also, leaves usually whorled in 3's to 5's,
lanceolate to ovate).
3. Inflorescence round-topped; lower leaf
surfaces and upper stem with glutinous dots
(sometimes absent in E. purpureum).
4, Leaves palmately 3-veined; involucre and
flowers purple. Expected (E. dubium).
4. Leaves pinnately veined; involucre and
flowers white to pale lavender. (Also,
stem with dark purple nodes; fresh plant
strongly’ vanilla-scented) 2. oes eli. wte'ees Ee purpureum
3. Inflorescence flat-topped; lower leaf
surfaces and upper stem not glutinous-
dotted. (Also, stem deep purple or purple-
spotted; florets 8-20). Expected
(E. maculatum).
2. Involucre lax, the outer phyllaries not closely
imbricated, green. (Also, leaves alternate or
opposite, whorled only in E. hyssopifolium, and
then linear to narrowly lanceolate).
5. Leaves sessile or nearly so.
6. Heads with 10 to 40 flowers.
7. Leaves perfoliate, lanceolate, acuminate... E. perfoliatum
7. Leaves with truncate or round bases, ovate,
acute to blunt. Expected (E. aromaticum).
6. Heads with 5 to 7 flowers.
8. Leaves broadly subtruncate, round or .
cordate at base. Expected (E. album).
8. Leaves tapering to base.
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-auootiuty ton, mete seqqu bus asogiwa
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batueqxa . (08-8 giszol? pbsstoqe
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OR ies to eliauee apvast foe
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ZAWAG
9. Phyllaries with conspicuously scarious
tips, the inner ones equalling the
flowers. Expected (E. album).
9. Phyllaries without conspicuously
scarious tips, shorter than the flowers.
(Also, leaves linear and entire to
lanceolate and serrate, all but the
lowest with dense axillary fascicles,
leaves often An73's)..c.tspecmeen sce. Be hyssopifolium
5. Leaves definitely petioled. (Also, heads
with 8 to 40 flowers).
10. Outer phyllaries oblong, densely pubescent,
not mucronate-tipped; phyllaries in 2
OF 3 Vengthsec..ccoccccvcccesesssesscvsccees Be Serotinum
10. Outer phyllaries acute or blunt, glabrous,
mucronate-tipped; phyllaries equal in length
cece cece ence cece eter ecccsceroesecccoresssoss be LugOSUM
Eupatorium coelestinum L. Mistflower, Blue Boneset
Java Farm. One station: abandoned road along north border
between Muddy Creek and entrance gate at Muddy Creek Road. Hectare 2465.
Canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus alba, Q. velutina, Liriodendron
tulipifera. Associate species: Agrimonia rostellata, Houstonia purpurea.
Ivy Neck. One station: west fork of Cheston Creek drainage, adjacent
abandoned field on Scaffold Peninsula. Hectare 4752. Canopy of
Platanus occidentalis, Diospyros virginiana, Liquidambar styraciflua.
Associate species: Duchesnea indica. Higman 1057, 1086.
Eupatorium purpureum L. Sweet Joe Pye-weed
Java Farm. One station: along old entrance road between Muddy
Creek and gate at Muddy Creek Road. Canopy of mature Fagus grandifolia,
Quercus alba, Liriodendron tulipifera, etc. Associate species: Lactuca
floridana, Agrimonia microcarpa, Desmodium glutinosum, Elephantopus
carolinianus. Higman 31.
E. perfoliatum L. Thoroughwort,
Boneset
Java Farm. One station: bottom of Muddy Creek valley, approx.
hectare 2486. Canopy of Fraxinus americana, Platanus occidentalis;
understory of Lindera benzoin.
Ivy Neck. One station: moist area along abandoned road on Cheston
Peninsula. Approx. hectare 4799. Canopy of Juglans nigra, Pinus taeda,
P. virginiana, Liquidambar styraciflua. Higman 68.
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— sol Isew? Jr apben x04, multojag ih
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E. hyssopifolium L., var.
laciniatum Gray Thoroughwort
Java Farm. One station in old field north of Fox Point Road;
hectare 3501. Also, one station at south margin of old field between
Fox Point Road and Hog Island salt marsh; hectare 3585. Dominant
species at both stations: Rhus radicans, Lonicera japonica, Solidago
altissima, Rubus spp. Higman 136, 423.
E. serotinum Michx. Thoroughwort
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields; dominant
species: Rhus radicans, Lonicera japonica, Solidago altissima,
Rubus spp. Also one station on Muddy Creek at upstream limit of salt
marsh vegetation, and one beside new entrance road at the culvert of
Fox Creek drainage. Higman 79, 127, 315, 338, 1017, 1067.
E. rugosum Houtt., forma
villicaule Fern. White Snakeroot
Java Farm. One station: old fields south of main buildings,
near old entrance road. Hectares 3408, 3409. Poa pratensis turf being
invaded by dense Rhus radicans, Lonicera japonica, and Campsis radicans.
Higman 488.
Astereae
1. Shrubs; ray flowers absent; disc flowers dioecious.... Baccharis
1. Herbs; ray flowers present (very small in a few
species); disc flowers perfect.
2. Ray flowers yellow (white in Solidago bicolor,
the rays then small, ascending; heads small,
in a dense panicle).
3. Pappus of disc flowers either of chaffy
awns or of double bristles (long inner
bristles, short outer ones). Expected
(Chrysopsis, Grindelia).
3. Pappus of disc flowers a single series of
slender (bra st Vesiss i svereteretever steve) ere} oleilsl sueieiale/e|ieisileielsjs) ee) OOLadago
2. Ray flowers white, pink, purple, or blue.
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sanrt -gnol) esiiakad aiduob.30, 10 BOWa \.) | ae ee
hagsecx ,.(eenro Tedue 22oda yeotiatad, i: | nen ne
-(ohishalya ,etagoevito) am
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214,
4, Pappus none or very short. (Also, rays
pistillate, lilac; aspect resembling Aster).
Expected (Boltonia).
4, Pappus of many long slender bristles.
5. Involucre slenderly cylindric or ovoid;
disc flowers pale yellow to white; achenes
very silky. (Also, phyllaries appressed,
cartilaginous, whitish, with short.
spreading green tips; leaves ciliate)..... Sericocarpus
5. Involucre saucer-shaped or hemispherical
to campanulate; disc flowers yellow or sometimes
purplish; achenes glabrous or pubescent, not
silky.
6. Phyllaries definitely imbricated, the
outer series as long as the inner...... Aster
6. Phyllaries not imbricated or very
slightly so, in one series or with a
VerVE NO Kt. OUEST VON Car cislejsieuele sie oe oe) EE PerOM
Baccharis
Baccharis halimifolia L. Sea-myrtle
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Abundant to moderately abundant in
salt marshes, especially the wetter areas near tidal channels. Associate
species: Spartina alterniflora, S. cynosuroides. Often parasitized by
Cuscuta gronovii.
Other habitats: Java Farm. One station in old field, near
tributary of Fox Creek drainage. Hectare 3503. Dense Rubus spp.,
Lonicera japonica, and Rhus radicans.
Ivy Neck. One station on sandy beach of Rhode River, on Murray
property. Hectare 4704. Associate species: Amorpha fruticosa.
Hioman 25), 253), 362%
Solidago
1. Inflorescence a flat-topped corymb, the heads
not racemosely arranged on the branches.
2, Leaves not glandular-punctate, the basal petioled
and usually much larger than the upper; heads
pedicelled; ray-flowers 6 to 10, fewer than the
disc-flowers; receptacle naked. Expected (S. rigida).
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\ aaanaaln 40 wvortale someon” ‘datlqug > igs “ie 4
fedtnbteb eskrhiiyat ow
ot hodesiidnt ¢
gol es eaitss Ie dati
eecre ahaed one odd ae
yaay To basaoitdmt 368 aorsebt eee a)
(e GIPW To Bali9e Soo nt ,oe ylidgite
4, ~9ao FSIUG 44one’ YISV
Y Veen eavaeew ne eer
arrelisosa
pe gilotimtisd sisal
josboudA .as9 “vi Das mist ave ;
~9sjgow sda yiletosgas ,sadatens tiga 9 ~
b hie aay ay piazue-nee
he tne bends yieszersbor ot
«| gaatdneed ‘elennadS fabio ‘x89 Seo76
. yd baskitenreq 19320 jasbhoxugonya -2 + wroltievsiis sakizeqa <eetoege
Fai — tivonoza BAuoee BavoEuD
xese ,bleatt blo at notgede S00 inrat sve vatathand radao .
wspentath Asets not ta ysaudksd
Syenme sudud comet -F0EE 4162991
. enaotbas audd bas eotoogst sipginod
yer! nO ves abode? ‘to vinesd ybase ao notysia 960 lost uve ee
, 80%) 926 799H ytteqodd
ea} iuya silgroch Vaabooqe Sisiooeek
sae yhes , ers ii
ogebitoe aw ‘4 ae
gheed od yderyroo beqqos-aet2 # sontsaeabtithh aly
veorfonerd ad2 ao mapas xlesomeze7 Jom
ZallS)o
2. Leaves glandular-punctate, all sessile and
similar in size; heads sessile in small glomerules;
ray-flowers 6 to 20, more than the disc-flowers;
receptacle fimbrillate. iiss ienseesesidec sees oO Praminitolia
1. Inflorescence of axillary clusters or a terminal
panicle.
3. Inflorescence of axillary clusters. (Also, basal
leaves small and soon deciduous, not forming
rosettes; achenes hairy).
4, Stem terete, glaucous when fresh; primary
leaves lanceolate to narrowly oblong, sessile... S. caesia
4. Stem angled, not glaucous; leaves ovate,
contracted to a winged petiole. Expected
(S. flexicaulis).
3. Inflorescence a terminal panicle.
5. Branches of panicle not recurved, panicle
not nodding at summit; heads spirally arranged
on the branches, not strongly l1-sided.
6. Cauline leaves gradually decreasing in
size upward; basal rosettes wanting.
Expected (S. puberula, S. speciosa).
6. Cauline leaves sharply decreasing in
size upward; basal rosettes present, of
large leaves.
7. Tips of phyllaries strongly recurving.
Expected (S. squarrosa).
7. Tips of phyllaries appressed-ascending
or slightly spreading.
8. Leaves pilose or bristly on one
or both surfaces.
9. Rays silvery white; outer phyllaries
with green tips and contrasting
whitish bases and margins........... S. bicolor
9. Rays yellow; outer phyllaries with
LESS CONETASE...sccesessecccssseceee Se hispida
4 iN Pains at eM it : rh a WG i 4 piper x yeaa is i) i i re
r ; yoeth),,, seravev lo aniitxe te soqanessoliat “4
‘Gatmxot, 30m ,auowbtoeb pcos, hice Lame esvaat
EEA: Reeds) (qrisd senados pasdsseot | o.
Deep it, , 2Aeae brq asdeest, wes eyoaustg ,2t9793 ete a
ae gene ,scotdo yiwoxxea ef arslosstas, sevsot
oi OV eyevo: aavest jeuoausls yom ,baigns mae pra
bossequa .slakisg begaty w' od bSs¥oanrtiangs. Ce
(a tiugok sett oA) a
letstnag fantwres 4 siadaeotolial &
gIotneq, ,bovawcet, Joa aloinsg 10 aadomete .<
Hagia res yfiesiqe absod ;aimmue 3p anibben Joe
| bobteeL yiguoate Jon ~estisastd afy mo We
ce Ae, nk gntasstoob yilaubsxa esvagk snkiuad «&
a, iT oy gmidosw sesistor Inesd pbasway sete aM
.(gaotsoge 2% ,piuzedud <2) bedosqed ie.
pint Loom gateastpeh yvigqusde eevnat ont fapd 9.06) 6, ial
Ro ,angeeyg av iis20% teeed. tbaeugy este. Lee
~ ,eoveal aguet
enriviwost, Vlusesse astysiivdg to agit ; on
(georteiipa .2) badoaqxa . ;
qnibassen-hoees19¢8 astral lyde 20, agtT, «\ : eee sich
-antbssrq2 ¢lidgtife zo . ey, oan
“bee no. ylaersd, x0 seoitg aaveed «By .. So: nprall am
| .asoetiua, djod 7, "oe li
getrabivigq teavo ,ostdw yrowlte eget .@
ghiseextaos bre eqis ape%a isiw
SBiics vp ce vey Ocgsam bie ‘oes daltinw a
‘ ‘ wees! ' io pier nat ae oe pdatanlh alee i"
Stiw eoivellydg. r440% qwolley eet 6 pt nthipiite ale ain
Ey sWiiae any F'n gas s,s ¥ TeGRREOD 58 oy an ae
q ' ag : wh i salts
= De | Ee) en ae a. f 5 a ee so
ra pis > ih
oe pene ’ apace A ae mye RR Pays ee
TT eS Be a
: on , he } : ” 1A :
Pk pe eilyAe ye, ‘
vo
m0
nd
ote ~S ty te i :
ee ee
216.
8. Leaves glabrous or minutely puberulent.
Expected (S. puberula, S. erecta).
5. Branches of panicle recurved, panicle nodding at
summit; heads borne on the upper side of the
branches.
10. Salt marsh habitat.........essseeeeees sees S. sempervirens
10. Terrestrial habitat.
11. Cauline leaves rapidly decreasing in
size upward; basal rosettes usually
present; cauline leaves 5 to 40.
12. Leaves sharply serrate;
petioles winged, ciliate;
plant otherwise glabrous
OGTSCADEOUSI.) 6% aaieleexelsie se vlesieiese cece. S. juncea
12. Leaves crenate to subentire;
petioles wingless; stems and
leaves with dense grayish
puberulence....... sfefote sxole slevste sfsheferehe “Oi DeMOnalas,
11. Cauline leaves very gradually
decreasing in size upward; basal
rosettes absent; cauline leaves
20 to over 100.
13. Leaves pinnately nerved,
without 2 conspicuously
prolonged lateral nerves.
14. Stem glabrous or nearly
so, or puberulent only
in lines. Expected (S. odora,
Ss jelliottii),.
14. Stem villous or scabrous-
pubescent throughout.
(Also, conspicuous leafy
bracts present on branches
Of PanicHO)). ./Meksctoiet a Meee soon Luposa
13. Leaves with 2 conspicuously
prolonged lateral nerves,
plus the midrib.
“ana bded “sntiosenset 0
ae . Ale ah pepo
pitnuntin’ ott heres Ay onkioa BE,
ileyes estieeor Isesd .brawqu Sete.
+0¢ ne nevsel arkine: qaneesuq~
pace: viqueda wove. 4 vn
i pessiito »bagaiw aslolisy abba
‘auotdsig selwiaiso inal
| am 2 Nepean ce erene ee se BuOTdEoE To)
latest ot stenets asveod
ana |) bres emste qeeotigaiw ealoliog
Pe an wi . dabyetg serebodatw eovesl
‘ pileyomen io te RG ee yw ee ete ROM LOTSUE
yifeubaag ysev eovesl omliosd
Leased ;byewqu ssie of garesyto5b
seveel sniluss ;iggeds a9dto8o7
,0OL seve o3 Of
,bevisa ylotanniq asveel .c1'
Xieuoustqenas & svodsiw
,2evren i bagnolorg
bats +0 abieadalie mst. Sf
vine tasiutedug Io .08
»BxObo...8). batonqxd « ,aemit at
. * (tr g3abkits: “2
-~eyordsoe to auolltv..mot2
-tuordgvonds tae9eedig
yisol evousigqemos .oslA)
io asdonsid no Imeeetq atosrd:
mt WBrivepeeesvenesecees con Qbobaa 0
GSitmihbaens £ daiw siete
+ gRavTeM sero phe
Dali.
15. Summit of stem below panicle
glabrous or sparsely pilose.
Expected (S. gigantea).
15. Summit of stem below panicle densely
pilose, most of stem closely puberulent.
16. Leaves sharply serrate; involucres
2 to 2.8 mm. high; phyllaries
slenderly tapering. Expected
(S. canadensis).
16. Leaves remotely serrate or
subentire; involucres 3 to
5 mm. high; phyllaries linear,
DLUAt=Bipped se ye. TS. At. at. oe Se eal tissima
Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb. Flat-topped Goldenrod
Java Farm. Moderately abundant in old fields. Dominant species:
Rhus radicans, Campsis radicans, Lonicera japonica, Solidago
altissima, Rubus spp. Scattered young mixed hardwoods.
Also, one station in freshwater part of Fox Creek marsh. Hectare
3516. Associate species: Aster puniceus, Leersia oryzoides. Higman 125,
245, 384.
S. caesia L. Blue-stem Goldenrod
Java Farm. Infrequent along old Muddy Creek Road and around
entrance gate there. Hectare 2463. Canopy of mature Fagus grandifolia,
Liriodendron tulipifera. Higman 385, 406.
S. bicolor L. White Goldenrod
Ivy Neck. One station: west shore of Cheston Creek estuary.
Hectare 5725, Canopy of Quercus prinus, Q. alba, Carya tomentosa,
Acer rubrum, Fagus grandifolia. Higman 1068.
S. hispida Muhl. Goldenrod
Java Farm. One station: Fox Point. Hectare 3558. Canopy of
Quercus prinus, Q. alba. Associate species: Liatris graminifolia,
Epigaea repens, Gaylussacia baccata. Higman 1133.
S. sempervirens L. Seaside Goldenrod
Java Farm. Infrequent in salt marshes. Associate species:
Spartina patens, Distichlis spicata, Baccaris halimifolia. Higman 213.
gainers ae Pa B.S od ri is |
Pmensas sashnate®: yitebasta 16:0)
ji) -wigpesbaas> +E)”
rh ee daa: ¥Ietomer gawaady .2t)
‘od Eb eetoulovist youktnedve: |
tl ,teent s estrsiiydg pigid sm 2
as Penviegsakyxts eon xsh'senbagatseanutd” ,
6 boggo)- 1 Many 25 idetie®) (i) suluviateads cubits
se ssbieti Bho at jnshouds viedersbor! xe Tt svel
argoknod ,snpol ber BLeqms. «2069 ee
cae oe pedir grinoy besyeiisoe ,qge auduh , emt
ss
Ne
here
Hi staxom tear) xof 20 712q <oteitaatel abo qokisae Sno: oat.
‘W@ebhosyzo stexsol .eveotoug i93e6h {RAORGS sjetooaeh See |
. |g ABE ees |
“hosmbio mete~ou Le
Shack bas bao AverS ybbuM blo cap Josupesinl «met evel "si
“sabato ae! giogem to yqousd .fd8$ sxsto9H, .aqedt 9483 sonsting *
,a0a eae oem ri sggeitating noxbasbotsid
A iaaeeasianin ath ; .t zofootd .2
sYIsusas Ages AwraedD to P pect taaw toobtsse 9nd ost xvi
<BeQINOMOS HyUAD adis .Q .eunizg auazeup to yqonsd .chVe santosh |
800L namgth. .stlottbaszs ayget ,muadys 3g28 ” TT
bortsb loo } ; e Tum ablgstd. 2
to et Dchagen STa25elf -satot, xo art “i wrist syst
B 2ETIBL! :eotoeqe, sdstoopeA vadie .D ,guatig ‘
“PELL semgtt \Bassoed. sigosesiead, ‘soe
\
}
218.
S. juncea Ait. Early Goldenrod
Java Farm. One station: stand of young Pinus virginiana in old
field. Hectare 3523. Associate species: Trichostema setaceum.
Higman 381. .
S. nemoralis Ait. , Goldenrod
Java Farm. One station: old field north of Fox Point Road.
Hectare 3523. Partial canopy of Pinus virginiana, Liquidambar styraciflua.
Dense Lonicera japonica and Rhus radicans. Associate species: Solidago
juncea, Lespedeza cuneata, Rosa osa palustris, R. micrantha. Higman 373.
S. rugosa Ait. Goldenrod
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields.
Dominant species: Rhus radicans, Lonicera japonica, Rubus spp., Solidago
altissima. Associate species: Lespedeza cuneata, Aster dumosus,
A. vimineus, Eupatorium serotinum. Scattered trees: Liquidambar
styraciflua, Cornus florida, Sassafras albidum. Higman 330, 349, 437.
S. altissima L. Goldenrod
Java Farm. Abundant to moderately abundant in old fields.
Often co-dominant with Rhus radicans, Lonicera japonica, and Rubus spp.
Associate species: same as for Solidago rugosa and S. graminifolia
above. Higman 142, 200, 350.
Sericocarpus
Sericocarpus asteroides (L.) B. S. P. White-topped Aster
Java Farm. One station: Fox Point. Hectare 3558. Canopy of
Quercus alba, Quercus prinus. Associate species: Baptisia tinctoria,
Gaylussacia baccata, Vaccinium vacillans, Kalmia latifolia, Hieracium
venosum, “Deschampsia flexuosa, Liatris graminifolia. Higman 436, 1178.
Aster
1. Salt marsh habitat.
2. Phyllaries ovate-acuminate, with broadly scarious
margins; rays conspicuous, pale purple; stolons
PFESENE. 6.0 oo Sane LOS die GOS De a aielee sein cacees acces Ams tenudrodius
2. Phyllaries linear, with very narrowly scarious
margins; rays inconspicuous, purple; stolons
ADSEIG tere) sioleseicielaieleieielelolelel sieleerslaleleeseie eel vetelelalelensloleleialeien Ne MSMDUM aus
4 ent blo hadbasie on i i
ba) yqama® targast peste &
ry ent
wat fet got solnoaal 838 4
BSS,
20h ssoau
ry Ghoti fille “at, fnebruds risnevaicer’ 02 Seauperiat. eens Brel
aye ato. ~emsoths 3 auth iaetoaqe Tipe
Be snae gue paboogal. 83
iomun yore ,£ISRAEo gxebagqast rps hooqa. “esatdoeony
okt 1eeo77 74 betaiies® .muntToFR® mau FoI gU yal “hua ag
C namg iH mers ie paxipennd aberoly AL suse)
Mae wab tes
Wy ebtera bio At iaabavds yleversbom 03 tixsbaodh” cogent evel |.
auth. sip tw aertaoh 02
bins eatnogal srsoteot pemmol bas
wimats +2 bos SaDAvs OAS bkice yo? af oman raeboeqe ose behneat
02k GOS (Sot mamgth pavede) |)
gugeendak 7s?
‘ } m # (Dd srunbaions evap sh cain,
.
. at aos) AeeE axeso9H =. tatot xo% spolideds So) ret aval cose
‘a sagkasqe siniooseA = + 8k comet Sit uoase ’
aancae Se ae r
ottiel wimisl , aa hake mutatoos
vabiotintms2 A j Bbase pf <anouxs Ty siscend ena
a
Maal ?
. . aodeh . :
sacteaae yibsord daiw amen i
_geokote :eiqzueg sisq ,eveyotgeno® Syex yeatgieo
oA i SP a tek cs...
pone avoissoe qiworzen *
( * enetese yelqzug
al ia y ax ARR’ Sadie bin ae a» ra meee
Zaitsye
1. Terrestrial or freshwater marsh habitat.
Sle
Phyllaries without herbaceous tips, strongly
scarious. (Also, leaves oblong-lanceolate to
oblong-oblanceolate, serrate above the middle,
long-acuminate)......... BreL RodeRcieicnenelsioneroncusioney ere stetsiens
. Phyllaries with herbaceous tips, their margins
always partly herbaceous.
4. At least the basal leaves cordate and petioled.
Expected (A. cordifolius, A. sagittifolius).
4. None of the leaves both cordate and petioled.
5. Bases of cauline leaves auriculate-clasping.
6. Involucre glandular-hairy. Expected
(A. patens, A. novae-angliae).
6. Involucre not glandular.
7. Leaves either tapering to an abruptly
widened base or glaucous and leathery.
Expected (A. prenanthoides, A. laevis).
7. Leaves tapering to a narrowly auriculate
base, neither glaucous nor leathery.
(Also, plant up to 2.5m. tall; stem
and branches of inflorescence hirsute
or villous; phyllaries linear-attenuate,
WHEN NS CarvOUSs MALI MS) leis cueieieieseversioctcle\c
5. Bases of cauline leaves attenuate or rounded,
not auriculate-clasping.
8. Leaves whitened or silvery-silky on both
sides. Expected (A. concolor).
8. Leaves green.
9. Phyllaries very hard and stiff except
at their herbaceous tips. (Also,
phyllaries and upper leaves subulate-
tipped; upper leaves with axillary
fascicles: Ss tempos) .persicerexteiencis e-cencie
9. Phyllaries pliable throughout.
A. acuminatus
A. puniceus
A. pilosus
male ,aqld guospadied diiw at Liga
ner tila. Wien: bt sausap anda tate a
ae (aopees Fegad aia seal aa
5, at
"i phloakbaa2 oe badoagxa
ditayien baie pgabt09 diod povact adi to Seni ye
“sntgntoepnantun aaveel antlyso to, asenil i
pom eon ovitad-selobiete: HO EN a i eee sss:
bi (gai fane~gsvon Ah «ENS2e9. A) Anes
stalubaels ton OY ee oO
a ‘ ete els quads ms oc grirsgea qedijite eavesl XN
ee \umedinel bas evoovsig so seed benebiw eg ieee
Be ay a . (akvent “A «Bobhodiaaneza »A) bedoegxd yan
Dey ieee ba iet uo true qiwostan 6 oF gaky9qso povasd
BB wyxonteol som evoounlg yediies ,sasd r ine
ors a move :ifes .« ¢.8 o3 qu saslg osih) thats
4 aM eaganhd sonsneetolint 30 eedonsid base ee
~staunosis-raenil satiaiiydg ;evoliiv xo Sa
a BA cody eee cress eeees COntguam augrisos diiv qs
mit Jbabauot 10 stennotta- geyasi ontives Jo eoeBh”.e
»getkqaslo-o3eiuo bins 407
figod as wilte-qievite to bens idw govsal 4°. 7S
« (rofoones Ad batosqua ,aabte sa . -
.mestg esveet .8
| $qsox9 Siige boa bred crey seirelil eT a! ynee wie t
~oeiA) .agid epossadret steds. 26 al :
~9isindue aavaal waggin bow aakrolindg: (0 vives ae : a. a
yasllixe ditw, esveot seqqu phegges «(ed Gaeta oe
mage cesses eer henetia mac 8 “pel komad: a er.
pepnenangnee oldesig: astral id +20" cometh? ed
aentwes ne oem ZL
nye"
ig ig er
$6
10.
10.
220.
Phyllaries narrowly herbaceous,
with strongly recurving tips;
rays blue-violet........eeeeeeeee0- A. novi-belgii
Phyllaries scarious-margined, the
midribs herbaceous; rays white
(except in A. praealtus).
11. Branches of stem widely spreading
(arched-ascending in A. lateriflorus) ;
phyllaries appressed-ascending,
with herbaceous tips conspicuously
broader than midribs. (Also,
leaves glabrous, minutely strigose
above and/or pubescent on lower
midrib).
12. Lobes of disc-corollas
about .5 mm. long, about
1/3 total length of throat;
ligules 10 to 30.
13. Pedicels very leafy,
3 to 5 times as long
as heads; whole plant
extremely leafy; heads
scattered on branches, not
in l-sided racemes; seems
to prefer open field
habitat........e+++2e+. A. dumosus
13. Pedicels nearly leafless,
1/2 to 2 times as long as
heads; plant moderately
leafy; heads numerous,
definitely in l-sided
racemes; seems to prefer
moist, partly shaded
habitat.............-.. A. vimineus
12. Lobes of disc-corollas
1 to 1.5 mm. long, about
2/3 total length of throat;
ligules 7 to 14............ A. lateriflorus
avagondrod edtabba
sh ak +qgnks)
HV ea
uaa
Wide
wisbiw jaeta te aefonmata If mate a eter
<A at anthmases-boroxs) ees i eed a
eat beaoes beset adh worvetigig (C7 mite
ghanons petta egbr eudedadiat dttw y Pale eit mit in aay
cae: soe tah: ,adivhin ned? rebsdnd i vi \
1, eee laoqaktin yetucte vesoudatg esveol’ Heh a
Theol ap tasoeodu7 so\bus evods
eo aaa (alabka” . i
waitoxvod-sath Yo, zedo.l pak
. juode.,girol vane. duods ean 7
(eheotd? Ia dvgeet fp302 e\e ae i)
(Of. of OF ‘asiugit z
eteed 8¥ afesibet.f4.
pia ee eomts¢ oF ©
jambe ‘Siow j;ohsed, e-
ae) et hesn yyisel yleasxsxe
i joa, ,asdonesd io bats2I7655
awees 5 Time et bobta-0 a!
. hiatt, qavo 1is3q ©
m oh Ee se cag pa geeROe
‘
oe
. a aoa |jwen las! ¢iacen afsatbet
gu grol ne nowls G 93 SAL.
4 qiejateion twats le ie
Mf pao taawas abasl ty lad!
| bebbowk mt yferinttot
eeterg Ha.emeos jesitsoss
habuds vista ~teloe
golkesog-26ld iq Bed0,i
Gwods «pied fi @,f of f
sperma’ to Waaest tagas't\§
“A a sean oer | nf a) wea lors) ¥
AILS
11. Branches of stem more ascending than
spreading; phyllaries loosely ascending,
with herbaceous tips only slightly
broader than midribs. (Also, leaves
with sterile axillary fascicles).
14. Ligules blue-violet; network of
leaf veins distinct, with
isodiametric areolae. (Also,
leaves always entire)....... --ee-e- A. praealtus
14. Ligules white; network of leaf
veins obscure, with long areolae.
(Also, leaves either entire or
SErrate) 0650. .2-- 0s seeccesccees Ae Simplex
Aster tenuifolius L. Aster
Java Farm. One station: Fox Creek salt marsh. Hectare 3527.
Associate species: Baccharis halimifolia, Spartina cynosuroides.
Higman 96.
A. subulatus Michx. Aster
Java Farm. Infrequent in salt marshes and along tidal part of
Muddy Creek. Associate species: Solidago sempervirens, Distichlis
spicata, Cyperus strigosus, Spartina patens. Higman 210, 267, 447.
A. acuminatus Michx.? Aster
Java Farm. One station: south margin of old field west of road
to springhouse. Hectare 3416. Dense Lonicera japonica, Rhus radicans,
and young Liquidambar styraciflua. Also in rubbish on roof of barn.
Higman 393, 356.
A. puniceus L. Aster
Java Farm. One station: side of steep bank of Fox Creek drainage.
Approx. hectare 2593. Moist, shaded site. Associate species: Panicum
clandestinum, Onoclea sensibilis, Leersia virginica. Higman 321.
A. pilosus Willd. Aster
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields; collected in hectares 3523
and 3585. Dense Rhus radicans, Lonicera japonica, and Rubus spp.
Partial canopy of Diospyros virginiana, Liquidambar styraciflua,
Quercus palustris, Prunus avium, and Viburnum prunifolium.
Also one station in rubbish on roof of barn, main building area.
Accessable from tile silo. Hectare 2590. Higman 355, 426, 513.
wien. aaloiv-auld “palught - AD
. ‘ pete .doniterS aniev: teal oe
uk Wt “vealoata aittomsibosst Mi i
ha oe pany, Westin syawis eavesl iar
ls Beal’ Xo aLousan sot hel malig tt EN
aelonse gaol diiw stuaedo aniey 7
Wipe io To yertaas sentie esvacl, gala)
ft BME GA pans vie nrte cer es netinn COMBTIOR, a os: has
hates aul auito2 tunas =a
> ae gretoel daa +Iee seo1D) xol imotisde on ,mied avel
ean sabia epashiiee gizeiessd ss9iooge odpiooaal | ;
ae ssmgik
vio auspludue i
waded
is 4289 Inbia sei bas sodetam giae ot taoupotial enh aval
~ivreamae ogebilog -:estooqe eteioossA .asatd ybbumM -
ei. ah: Or pamgih .anedeg aoliieg’ SuUBORETIS austsqyo S282H88 |
oe Vint
ae: ‘ . waseh T .xdosM aujenimuse Be
ag? to geaw broth’ blo-Ro bigzam diyoe :notzeze onO .mzBt avBL
Rig foes el azaoigol sensed aise etsinsH .sevodgaizae OF 7
to mw mo deiddus i ut ae ORLA _ ppl tossy3e sadmabtuphi gau0y. bas -
,Ock, ORE meegth:
wie at eusokaug : Me
. Ratan’ yeas xO% Ao aAned qeeta to oble -soitsi3e onO ast aval a
pWetosge statooaeA . site bobsda ,seroM .f0eS axsdoed ona fr
pamgih | .aoiotesiv plexoat eiiidtansa Balson0 muserk
teamed | DIL gueoltg s
ot haba! boo vebiskt blo of areca er avst | aI
vig goinoasl Bro2ate ste9ingl .sasytbss & 286€ bas
[ anatnigaiv 203 eed BI2TRS
ZOD
A. novi-belgii L. Aster
Java Farm. One station: main building area. Hectare 2580.
Associate species: Daucus carota, Achillea millefolium, Epilobium
coloratum. Higman 197.
A. dumosus L. Aster
Infrequent to moderately abundant in old fields. Collected
in hectare 3506, near south border of large field mostly covered
by Rhus radicans. Associate species: Cirsium discolor, Eupatorium
serotinum, Aster vinimeus, Poa pratensis. Higman 339.
A. dumosus L., var.
subulaefolium T. and G. Aster
Java Farm. One station: roadside at main building area.
Hectare 2580. Associate species: Aster novi-belgii, Achillea millefoliun,
Daucus carota. Higman 198.
A. vimineus Lam. Aster
Java Farm. Infrequent to moderately abundant along bottom of
Muddy Creek valley, upstream from tidal portion: also in marshy
west end of Phalaris arundinacea meadow north of main buildings
(hectare 2468) and along Fox Creek drainage. All stations moist and
shaded. Canopy and associate species vary. Also one station in
old field, approx. hectare 2572. This station dry, unshaded.
Rhus radicans, Lonicera japonica, and Solidago altissima dense.
Higman 194, 208, 329, 1042.
A. vimineus Lam.,
var. subdumosus Wieg. Aster
Java Farm. One station: along Fox Creek drainage. Hectare 2583,
near new entrance road. Canopy of young Juglans nigra, Liquidambar
styraciflua. Associate species: Elephantopus carolinianus, Panicum
clandestinum, Muhlenbergia schreberi, Ambrosia trifida, Perilla
frutescens, Sanicula canadensis. Higman 30/7.
AC lateritlorus “(io Britt. Aster
Java Farm, One station: along Fox Creek drainage, upstream from
culvert, near north boundary of Farm. Hectare 2473. Canopy of
Ulmus americana, Juglans nigra, Liquidambar styraciflua. Associate
species: Dryopteris noveboracensis, Muhlenbergia schreberi. Higman 316.
others ‘bia’ ab ‘Aoatunde taauxathons ot scanpaen a
Sot} sqzal to sebied Pies Tat doe erpioen
eh puke sk) tastvage sialsoeeA Sree auth |
co <sLanaterd eek é bieatoty ZS0Re Joyae =
We aie " i 3 Y MN be Ie ‘ an uci a
oe \) bam 4F motto ten las ;
Serb, gntbitud niem te ebiabsot sitotis3¢ ond) rn ovat, ~
aterroeas. OBES of ‘39H
pettzios Liat fad-tvon aoaed sauiaudm 5
<i RE emg neo me) aussie y
Lit
ai ret quoi: ae
saT oh.
6 mosacd goolr satis) ByBIy
o : : i ea) tt eal erie be @ at fnest3 wort negra i ; watt aor dogard cebu fe, fs
ia a gnith tied olen lo daton wobrem sensat bose 8 baled to. bara t29W (i ths
aa a at -
a>: hd ro" ‘ghost anmivese LIA gerberh ees 9, xo% aacle bas
Rtg ey Rd tie te eH bath ry pe ipaq otetaosee Bus canue Pe
tae azetoed ~xoxqge »blaka’
ihebadenn (rh aoliere @ fst"
$40 bned _ndno tbe!
poembh batenti fs ogebrfoe bas . sghooget prootne
SOL rc 808. ROL" crest H
Joobauda viusarsbosn oF Iaawpot ly f
et | 7a, ; me avedimby, vt
et) sal i ;
aa Oe IRA ai eu gino gubdira «TY:
“y a vd _ ie
yebes Qungosh .Sanciath woe «oc anole srotiase spO. .atet evel
¥ soned . DRG SAASTITS, VE Se
ss rh mR writ grelgul gavoy ta eq ae,
OE p pune)! Snr a> ange. squid tasioage wiarsoenA aul Teds ‘Ta
an atbiet POLTEL YT aheozdmh ,brsgetioe, {oe @t gradi Ielats uot se 9hoRl Soe
i VRE amg Fel BL SNS DERE, "pisabone ooneaaey
Pb
sae Ns Sema
°
ity
ts | “sapyk (4) ag tend robe AE
1o,08%
is Vien fms ttre Ageniays deat? xo gris +nntieds anv) oat Bvet ;
" ut pagette sESSA oradoot eve 26 ytehaved. dztae pera ou
x 25. be rs 2g arabe sankak vf
223).
A. praealtus Poir. Aster
Java Farm. One station: freshwater part of Fox Creek drainage
marsh. Hectare 3526. Associate species: Impatiens capensis,
Sambucus canadensis, Salix nigra, Scirpus rubricosus. Higman 492.
A. simplex Willd. Aster
Java Farm. One station: south-facing slope above tidal portion
of Muddy Creek. Source of small tributary; hectare 3426. Canopy
of Liquidambar styraciflua, Fagus grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera,
Juglans nigra. Associate species: Carex lurida, Saururus cernuus.
Higman 398.
Erigeron
1. Involucre campanulate; rays minute and in several
rows, Or wanting.
2. Stem glabrous except sometimes at base; leaves
bristly-ciliate only at base; phyllaries with
a dark purple apical spot. Expected (E. pusillus).
2. Stem spreading-hirsute throughout; leaves
bristly-ciliate to tip, hispid; phyllaries
without dark apical SpoOt.....c.sessccvcccescereseses Be Canadensis
1. Involucre saucer-shaped to hemispheric; rays
spreading, conspicuous.
3. Cauline leaves sessile, with rounded or sub-
clasping bases; disc-corollas 2.5 to 4.5 mm.
long; pappus simple.
4. Long, superficial stolons present; heads
ito 73 rays! about 503 idisc corollas) 345
to 4.5 mm. long. Expected (E. pulchellus).
4, Long, superficial stolons absent; heads
more numerous; rays 100 or more; disc-corollas
2.5 to 3.5 mm. long. (Also, stem long-
pilose below). 1. o« ss slelelsiosoievorehs 6) «) slefehe eres cceie's ee pL adel phacus
3. Cauline leaves tapering to base; disc corollas
1.5 to 2.5 mm. long; pappus of disc-flowers
double, with a minute outer series.
| oo BELEW
RR Ce oye SER Mnd Tis aN ame a
fy pyvoda aqbla giion td suc: inokisse ang, yore? evel
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yatottbnasa suast .guidioswe 28
pial xo78 yeakaage soakooe@a’
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ts
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ve
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‘Tepevarint bos sivata ever : esq luneqmes stouloyal
-pnkinew) to ewotGe
gayest jsend ta wamitasoer Jq90%9 avordels, mate
d4tw gelreliydq yoasd 35 y ina gieilroeylieiad
Keaklreug +3) batoaqua toga) taoige siqruq axed, 5
Peet eh eK aaveol pauodgerordls osuerid-gntbso74e mete
Remarc LRN ibitey 9”) netueiivdg gbtqeatd .qts 93 sjetlro-visaiad
}
Bit
; a 4 ghanobene> a TE CL Re te a te rn toga tsokqendweh jupod 3 jw
ayet potasiqeimed oF baquile-teouee ei1py Lovak
‘euouatqadog, , gatbesrgais
«due to bebowor ditw slieess asveod onk ued ab. hy
om 0 02 45 actlotoo~palh yasead goigasls
as ; siqnia euqgeg sanot
sheet ;ansesxq anolote (atotixeque yaned «#
2,€ ealhoves seth 302 avoda eye of od) tht PSsy
\ Cauiledaivg 2) betneqxd. »garol om -2 8 O39
. absad ;Inseds enoloda (atativsqus samol A
eetloros-seth ;yx0m 10 OOL ayer savoTSMUi! eTOM a
«gol mete ,oalh) anol om et of 2,8
+i 8 iy Siante x ddim sions 9 awit pee RED saolia
‘eeilora> oath jsasd oi gabsagn? aave Joss
erswoli-vetb to eugqea vanol |
,esivee taivo sluatm ® agiw
224,
5. Leaves coarsely cleft or serrate, ovate to
lanceolate, bristly-ciliate; rays longer than
WAGE) TO GAS Cie eusieiovsicrsjeliojeioleleisielie) syolsie ei auelsie/eeseiejeeisieie Wis) ANGUS
5. Leaves entire, linear-lanceolate to broadly
oblanceolate, minutely strigose to glabrous;
rays equal to or shorter than width of disc..... E. strigosus
Erigeron canadensis L. Horseweed, Fleabane,
Hogweed, Butterweed
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields south of main building
area. Hectares 2499, 3409. Associate species: Poa pratensis
(dense turf), Achillea millefolium, Plantago lanceolata, Cirsium
discolor, Hypericum perforatum, Asclepias syriaca, Verbascum thapsus.
Higman 11.
E. philadelphicus L. Fleabane
Ivy Neck. One station: abandoned grassy field on Scaffold
Peninsula. Hectares 4761, 4772. Associate species: Trifolium
pratense, T. hybricum, Oenothera fruticosa. Higman 726.
E. annuus (L.) Pers. White-top,
Daisy Fleabane
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent to moderately abundant in
old fields. Also scattered along old entrance road between Muddy
Creek culvert and main building area. Variety of associate species,
including: Bromus japonicus, Agrimonia parviflora, Solidago altissima,
Solanum carolinense. Often among dense Rhus radicans and Lonicera
japonica. Higman 48, 750, 889, 892.
E. strigosus Muhl. White-top,
Daisy Fleabane
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields south of main building
area and south of Fox Point Road. Associate species vary, include:
Solidago graminifolia, Cyperus strigosus, Lespedeza cuneata, Verbascum
thapsus. Higman 49, 122.
Senecioneae
1. Heads monoecious or subdioecious, the hermaphrodite
(bisexual) flowers sterile, the pistillate ones
fruiting. Expected (Tussilago).
1. Heads with all or nearly all flowers fertile.
mn Diactetg od eaogtiie ceete pea rere
a ~ arate net bie ca 16 02, Isups ba
ates to Giaos ablatt bio at qneupesial met gyste :
g so) «teetooge etetoosaA ,@Ose ,PRAS esisioeH. S88 57
pinsons! ognsoelS »mubfotelt ta nollidoh . aes aangb)
age ive Belgsloas ,mutEsorsod. qu treaul ogetb’
“oadn0 4 4, anpbia isbs hide am
“ Moanase ate, bret? yaeatg bonobaads inoha%e end .tosh av ,
sgotaeqe stetooecd »-SVS , faved. asisioon salventne@
SX mongih .seontsuti gaze atsnieietl avolydyd 3D) ELL EL YS:
gett et) eouans a
al glasazshom 02 Snoupetiol ..aosv wl bas ain gvete Wo
tng wenwied beor samertae bie anole bavsdinoe o#lA | abled bio ;
Pie iiag oioletma to ytotiaY § .#97s antbitud abem bos Jasviuo aes
mn ogabhi loz sz0ti tvise sioomh igh ,euataogs! eumox8, t afitbuLonk: oe
“bas 2% 25 BY, GUHA Haas gaciae 98920 §.9809 iqgatlotss bi
S08 (088-084 . 64 aemgth -soimogs i” ;
pos—os baw fdoM gusoghxga «i
onadna tt pores ek. i
gnbbitwd alps ie dives. ebistt bio at saoupantal sraed svel
| tab tom «Wray estosge ejpksoasA .beok Jatol xo% to divos, bas seas ny
a: edna siabdy asl ,guecgtiye, euxmsgeo | (SiLopsalmara
er «S84 ee, guages
oo (ie | | » paseo heens® | i
Be pasboxdqomied 2 jevatsoatbdye. 20 eucksboeaer aba 5B
i _ esno sieliivekq od3 ,9lt1926) exawolt preter ,
Be . (ogadteouT) besooqxa - spent” .
een
ae ([Strizeh «rowel? Ls vimead st
hh es
DOE
2. Cauline leaves opposite; pappus finely barbed.
(Also, flowers yellow). Expected (Arnica).
2. Cauline leaves alternate; pappus capillary,
soft.
3. Ray-flowers absent; corollas white.
4. Outer and inner flowers hermaphrodite;
corollas 5-cleft. Expected (Cacalia).
4, Outer flowers pistillate only; corollas
with 2- to 4-toothed limb............+++eee6- Erechtites
3. Ray-flowers usually present (as in species
collected); corollas yellow or yellow with
GOGH EUPSs ape «/egencuerencxehepsuchebene a sfickohskslsuciieielsicuehesuenccereielle shee OCHe CTO
Erechtites
Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. Fireweed
Java Farm. Infrequent: two stations in old fields south of main
buildings (hectare 2499) and on north side of Fox Creek drainage (hectare
3505). Also observed in Phalaris arundinacea meadow, north of main buildings
(hectare 2468). Associate species vary with site. Higman 50, 537.
Senecio
Senecio obovatus Muhl. Groundsel, Squaw-weed
Java Farm. One station: source of small tributary valley of
Rhode River, on Fox Creek estuary south of pier. Hectare 3508.
Canopy of Robinia pseudoacacia, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Ulmus
americana. Dense ground layer of Lonicera japonica. Associate species:
Verbesina occidentalis. Higman 1151.
Inuleae
1. Salt marsh to freshwater aquatic habitat; flowers
pink to purple; phyllaries slightly scarious.
(Also, phyllaries ciliate; plant camphor-scented)..... Pluchea
1. Terrestrial habitat; flowers white or yellowish;
phyllaries moderately to very scarious.
i: erdgce pa ‘orine bie. at
“+ (atison)) beioeqatl +telore esttoroy
atioxoa. ixfno: gtalizieta, azesolt “990085
Tilia eal De adel we antl basditood-* oo) “ee daw.
" gekpeqe nit aH). tusestg giisven grawolt~yel
Hate wollsy xo wolloy Bellotox :(betostioo
5 Pad ORBIT bet
garksdoss a
ee | i tO. (aad), ablohizensta sata” .
-@bielt bio at enoliase ows :tosupetios eet avati, re
a | tol to abie dixdn so baa (Ress etatoar), sank bi tied
‘do Haron ywobsea poosalbruty olssiedt atk bayisedo oes pes
spake dakw ytav a9iooge k29qe eietoosaA » (Baas, eresaed}”
; ; ie
-tduM. sotavodo 2.
“ide, [hav yresudies [feus to eotvoa iaoliata en0 .»m7st syveb >
E.ateizei .xetg to divoe yiRuIes tosxd xo no ,1Ssvie sbonh
"bap -piliboagyte asdmeb biupld ,ptososobuseq: sinidod 39 ‘go08
Babaogal. gyeotnod to reyel bavozg seamed «BARS ;
12tl sagt .etietasbkaso &
ao
eid
geno tuo
prowol? j2eiidsd shisupe setewdest? 0 dexam ate
wauolresa Ylidgiia solasiivdg relemig of amtq
owas Abennsse~songqmss tnalg saab Ratan 4 iy
prekwol toy 46 edits eyawolt
yauotysce Yisv oF
ciel
226,
2. Plants dioecious, with all heads either pistillate
or staminate; basal rosettes present, the cauline
leaves much smaller; leaves and stem densely white-
WO Olllyreretonel evevelenereieps clare) cvercrelecelenercicieicrchenslisoie/isietete cteuheteleroneie mame CIIM area
2. Plants not dioecious, the heads with outer
pistillate very slender flowers and inner perfect
flowers; basal rosettes absent; leaves and stem
MOGEerateilliys PAlOS Chl eicieis sieleie sie clei oleic lelaleieicles! sie e/eieeveisis/e) | GHaAphaleLum
Pluchea
Pluchea camphorata (L.) DC. Stinkweed
Java Farm and Ivy Neck. Infrequent in salt marshes near shoreward
margin, and along upstream shores of estuaries. Associate species:
Typha latifolia, T. angustifolia, Hibiscus palustris, Mikania scandens,
Panicum clandestinum. Higman 82, 113, 217.
Antennaria
Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Hook. Everlasting,
Ladies'-tobacco
Java Farm. Infrequent on eroded banks at Fox Point (hectare 3558)
and along old Muddy Creek Road near old entrance gate (hectares 2472,
2482). Canopy of Quercus prinus and Q. alba at Fox Point; associate
species there: Epigaea repens. Canopy at Muddy Creek Road of Fagus
grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus alba. Higman 568.
Gnaphalium
1. Inflorescence a corymb; phyllaries very white;
bristles’ of pappus free to base. (cee. emeee cones eevee (Gs ODEUSHTROIUm
1. Inflorescence a spike; phyllaries pale brown; bristles
of pappus united at DASE... ccccesccoeocrcccvccseeseece G. purpureum
Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. Catfoot, Cudweed
Java Farm. Infrequent in old fields. Principal station in
grassy area south of main building area. Hectares 2499, 3409.
Associate species there: Verbascum thapsus, Solanum carolinense, Agrimonia
parviflora, Cirsium discolor, Asclepias syriaca, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron
strigosus, Verbascum blattaria, Apocynum cannabinum, Erechtites
hieracifolia. Higman 51, 229.
Saab bite attain Su Speman oe Nb
¥ i We
a Boe akiw gheerl ty “penobasorh: Jom
gestzeg xonck bee erswolt qheela rev §
mese bos dovast ;insads wadtdeos fassd {
rec senayerienseyer ev nes chars book elaseis
—
sonou ld
Od ts ae aderodqines, saat
ihe i iaiwesi ‘ste ni sasupsiztar toate vot Bae teret ave eT) 8°)
agetacaeh Neskreujes 20 esyana omexeagy: “geolp hare ket |
4 a: abate es euyostdtA el fotliaugns’ 2 ‘ni Lotitel at
ie iS LS ell 8 psag tt Saluntteabas Le
airenns iA
ook (+1) sifLoit nigejns tg sbansing 2st
~ a {hy |
ben) FeloT xo% te adned babots do deeupstiol .myaY avat
jp eho omit): $459 sonaxins blo sesn badd asad ybbunt bf ganle bee:
tiated xOl te adie .0 bus suatzg ayorsod to vyoned (SEAS :
110 baot dass) yobuM Js ygous) ‘BOSG9T SaGgigy i834 1 estosqe, “oo
vafive maith .ocly auoysud wisitgilus porbyshois ht .etlotiamerg MS
= .
me mertbntta eos
eatity yrev waktelfyrq jdevzoo © sonpsasxolinl wey
mpi toil guide 14% | whee vdvers Oaad OF serl sudqed 16 aslyerad — "=
a . eatjeted tnword olaq esitel! yea ‘jsdhge e Ssnsoes10lt HI ee,
mera «BD «++ eee Apeiad hes teeceeses@68G Jf beliqny seqqeg 10:5,
p= Reebw) | tonite) J suthodemuiade aude
eh
nk aphasse Inqtootr ,2bfsht blo ab sasose7Iel | weaet eval
cae SPOS pozeIoeH . 518 gutbliud ates to djuge Beis
aro® ,apeqdd? susegdysy soxed? earaeqe oon
a 4
te nares violoaa kb.
2211»
G. purpureum L. Purple Cudweed
Java Farm. One station: south-facing slope between grassy meadow
and north boundary of Farm. Hectares 2458, 2459. Partial canopy of
Pyrus malus, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Liquidambar styraciflua.
Collected in small grassy area, one of several among dense Rubus spp.,
Lonicera japonica, and Rhus radicans. Associate species: Trifolium
procumbens. Higman 1120.
228.
APPENDIX I.
Additional Species Collected at the Chesapeake Bay Center for Field
Biology During the Preparation of this Checklist
POLYPODIACEAE
Dryopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Christens. Broad Beech-fern
(Thelypteris hexagonoptera (Michx. ) Weatherby)
Java Farm. One station: mature forest south of old entrance road,
on western side of north fork of Muddy Creek, near a small tributary.
Hectare 2475. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus spp., Liriodendron
tulipifera, Carya tomentosa, etc. Higman 1208.
GRAMINEAE
Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees
Java Farm. One station: parking area at headquarters, in cracked
pavement. Higman 911.
Panicum villosissimum Nash
Ivy Neck. One station: border of cornfield on Cheston Peninsula,
adjacent young stand of mixed hardwoods. Higman 925.
LILIACEAE
Uvularia perfoliata L. ‘Merry-bells
Java Farm. One station: mature forest south of old entrance road,
on western side of north fork of Muddy Creek. Hectare 2493, about 50 ft.
southeast of grid marker. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Quercus spp.,
Liriodendron tulipifera, Carya tomentosa, etc. Higman 1247.
DIOSCOREACEAE
Dioscorea quaternata (Walt.) J. F. Gmel. Yam
Java Farm. Infrequent in mature forest south of old entrance road,
on western side of north fork of Muddy Creek. Canopy of Fagus grandi-
folia, Quercus spp., Liriodendron tulipifera, Carya tomentosa, etc.
Higman 1210.
sce) (so) n792
Nhl ne suianiie ere
ae bLo o ition “tas7x0% ete aaa Okt Fa. wat: rey aval
if Tenis’ & theo |Aeer0 ybbyM To wot dzxom do ebte ret eBw
Tae gugneyp etloithanry puget, 0, yqoREy aie
| hOOSS, cpmg th 49,49 geotnsme3 aS
SASHTHARD
eae (xi IM) paaedttr9d wey Ro
atetisupbaen 36 aets golds aateake ‘ond axe eal
FIR peing tH ; <a.
G powwadd no blattawos to xabr0d Rel vate SiO ano" oe
@t@ aempth .ahoowbuad borin dy bate gamoy Tiana foe
ao badeyx 73h ol piekiottag etzs tov:
dita +! dngplreoaedl ifo An Wdsuea seers syutem ‘noiszave sO rbd oval ose:
th. 8. duds gheeS axa tact wWeerd ybbult 36 #207 davon tg she lester ae.
a TE as ia Aiioitioszg evga 7 eons
Kungth «vito , ego IMO? ByIeo
SATIRE Ramm com gman bie dante
SAD IABAOIEOLE
nae ¥ (fom .4 tL Goa lew) e2unsapup.
» La: to Hwvo8 tea suream at inoupsrial, oe
i deed quiet, to Aat dizom 30 bt
229}
ORCHIDACEAE
Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt. Cranefly Orchid
Ivy Neck. One station in mixed hardwood forest on central Scaffold
Peninsula. Canopy of Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus spp., Lirioden-
dron tulipifera, Carya tomentosa, etc. Higman 1253.
ULMACEAE
Ulmus procera Salisb. English Elm
Java Farm. One station: abandoned field on shore of Fox Creek
estuary, near pier. Approx. hectare 3610. Associate species:
scattered Ulmus rubra, Ulmus americana, Acer negundo, Liquidambar
styraciflua. Dense ground cover of Rhus radicans and Lonicera japonica.
POLYGONACEAE
Polygonum cristatum Engelm. & Gray Cornbind
Java Farm. One station: beside old entrance road at culvert of
small stream, on east side of north fork of Muddy Creek. Hectare 2497.
Canopy of Platanus occidentalis. Associate species: Galium aparine,
Commelina communis, Duchesnea indica. Higman 1207.
BERBERIDACEAE
Berberis thunbergii DC. Japanese Barberry
Java Farm. One station: bank of north fork of Muddy Creek, north
of old entrance road. Canopy of Platanus occidentalis. Higman 1250.
CRUCIFERAE
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. Shepherd's Purse
Java Farm. One station: recently cleared area at headquarters,
near concrete silo. Higman 1256.
ba gent
i #07 to s¥ede mo bistt banobasds :
_emtoege StatooseA ' .OL8€ exsisod xovgga
pid Jobrugsa took ,smsotioma eumtU isda aged aunt ‘ohag
if ‘B3e21001 ime erpotbas ‘auHt to yavoo bavoxg amet a BU,
TARIAWODY JOT
vi bakdared werd 2 tagi e mujevatxo tr
gg drevius 38 beoz someting blo shkasd tnotiate so0 )..oe% ‘aveb ae
rene eg (39979 ybbuM to s2x02 d2xom to sbte tase ge wmsoria Lf
ine tisd :estosqe steiooasA . .atisias bro09 aunsI3glt to yqomsd.
Pi -\OSL oamgtH .ootbai geqgedoud .atqummos Bir,
WAMOACT Ata saa |
prasdridl pRoneyet . . «00 tkgrodeutls shisdie@
Atron y3is9s9 ybbuM 20 Axot diqow to aasd :aotisje sa0 .amad ayst % ;
OEST ener ‘Silestasbioo0 eunsjell 30 yqouad -beoxt soms7 Ins blo 0
‘
i GAMIIIOUSD » Aire et
‘ fy ¥ oe Beit 7 ;
vaeruT 3! brariqeit? -9rbsM (0) Shrojesquaetud efisaqsde
(PAG Yeupbssd te core bexselo yisnsce7 tsottate enO .armet aval 7
-OCSI aemgih ole 9de79909 189m
230.
LABIATAE
Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze Giant Hyssop
Java Farm. One station: north-facing slope overlooking small
stream which. drains into..Fox.Creek.estuary. Hectare.3518.. Canopy of
Robinia pséeudoacacia, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Ulmus americana.
Higman 1040.
Lycopus europaeus L. Bug leweed
Ivy Neck. One station: margin of small cut-off pond on Cheston
Peninsula, below Sand Point. Hectare 4870. Associate species: Rumex
verticillatus, Echinochloa walteri. Higman 1232.
SOLANACEAE
Solanum americanum Mill. Nightshade
(not in Britton & Brown)
Ivy Neck. One station: crest of sandbar of small cut-off pond on
Cheston Peninsula, below Sand Point. Hectare 4870. Associate s!ecies:
Spartina alterniflora, Tripsacum dactyloides. Higman 1222.
ng) boy Vio~2u9 Lisme to atgrae ;rokteta ond “ator
Daye- Atpigoneé. (,OV8) stassal 4 Fod base woled 4 :
“SES! toamgil, .ireitew poldoomtiiod |) say
f fone Arle
Pa, Agta 8 Se
LEM micso tome :
(dword & Moti ined ah)
a bay Pineyns | Aewa 26 sadhuea 26 Yaaro HoOtIase ea toe M ihe
fRetodln siniooees thd, s2Ro8% .tabod bane wilod, eluentcet mo
iy Bra. ShSS sing th . gabtietyioeb muss i eat BX 6s tore ie s
USiko
APPENDIX II.
Additional Annotations for Species in this Checklist
OSMUNDACEAE
Osmunda regalis L.
Java Farm. One station in Muddy Creek valley near upstream
limit of salt marsh. Hectare 2493. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia.
PINACEAE
Pinus virginiana Mill.
Java Farm. Infrequent at northwest border of Hog Island salt
marsh. Hectare 3571. Associate species: Quercus falcata, Q. phellos.
GRAMINEAE
Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) Nash
Ivy Neck. Moderately abundant in marshy inland part of Sand
Point, and on inland shores of cut-off ponds on Cheston Peninsula
below Sand Point. Hectares 4860, 4870, 5800. Associate species:
Panicum virgatum, Scirpus spp.
COMMELINACEAE
Commelina communis L.
Java Farm. One station along old entrance road, near culvert
of small tributary to Muddy Creek. Hectare 2497. Canopy of Platanus
occidentalis.
DIOSCOREACEAE
Dioscorea villosa L.
Java Farm. Infrequent in mature forest south of old entrance
road. Approx. hectare 2485. Canopy of Fagus grandifolia, Liriodendron
tulipifera, Quercus spp., Carya tomentosa.
fpon yolisv 13920 ybbuM mt cortase 900. ee
aa sugei to ygons .£@0€ sistoo .dexam alse”
SASDAMIT:
’ bapter god to swshtod Jaewds1on Js Saangoxtar ‘arent svat
Bi vptasiet suoyeu :estoegs s sisisoeeA IVE eastoek - fe
RASMIMARD . tke Sa
ae iain 46 txaq beolat ylaram at tnsbauds vidamsebial os xvi uy
he siuantne4 gaseedd mo ebnog Yi0-3un to estore basinal mo hns Saree i
Reetosqe statooesA .008E 018) ,008 eotsi29H .iniod base wolsd ~
qq8 Baugxioe eed mole
SAS SAAT IOMMOO
J alrusmmos prt Leama
|) @ieyine seen .bsot oonexine blo gools nol3ste ea0 .otsT aval a
guriste LT to ees? ~-YOdS otetosH .ae91) ybbuM of sae {isme Yo 0
BATIAYROOROIG
of segltey
blo 26 diucz Jeeto? stujam at ey
2888 stetoen .
Lashed
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Silene antirrhina L.
Java Farm. Principal station near southern border of main
building area, near brick wall (now mostly destroyed). Very
infrequent in old fields.
ROSACEAE
Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fern.
Java Farm. Infrequent on Fox Point. Hectare 3558. Canopy
of Quercus prinus.
ONAGRACEAE
Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell.
Ivy Neck. Muddy shore of small cut-off pond on Cheston
Peninsula south of Sand Point. Hectare 4870. Associate species:
Galinsoga ciliata, Rumex verticillatus.
RUBIACEAE
Mitchella repens L.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in forest of central Scaffold Peninsula.
Canopy of Quercus alba, Liriodendron tulipifera, etc.
CAMPANULACEAE
Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent at borders of cultivated fields.
COMPOSITAE
Pyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walt.) DC.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent in pasture between forks of Cheston Creek
drainage.
“tagoAgom
hal
iF
o
re C3 » ato
,8@2€ otsiosl .tatot xoT mo smaupestal me pee
i
TAMOATOAMO ni
115 Gay einieniig.
( \motzed® 10 boa Fhoxsins Ifeme to exode ybbuM Aoet wwl :
Pesbeqe eiatsoaeA OV8A wregosH .totod bree jo divoe siventaat
puieifrotiyey xemul ,g7stito saoamh
, Bt NAT NE i i
FASIATAUA
J anager aL
akibenine t bie}iss? Inxiaeo to Jeaxo} at insupsstal Jie ‘wt
539 ezortgh tnd noxbas bots adie avotsu0 to cana
FATOAIUAAIMAD
OG 4A (od) RIsiloireg:
GATT 20IM09
-90 (326M) g<unstobbowee 2
foe 2 uf -aigghlle ssewasd pea ak sneupariat) aA
veg / une ALS oo aor
233,
Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake
Ivy Neck. Infrequent on margin of marshy area in interior of
Sand Point, and at borders of cut-off ponds on Cheston Peninsula
below Sand Point. Hectares 4860, 4870, 5800.
Eupatorium perfoliatum L.
Ivy Neck. One station along Cheston Creek drainage. Hectare
4743. Canopy of Diospyros virginiana, Robinia pseudoacacia.
Verbesina occidentalis L.
Ivy Neck. Infrequent on inland shore of small cut-off pond
on Cheston Peninsula below Sand Point. Hectare 4870.
chitbaxh Pet a weak worssse an0
sialdon .sastotasiy § apkd
BG. ‘Liem to nana baits 0 Snsuipae ae
sOXBS exptoeH ytatot based, woled atuntieeat
isi
234.
APPENDIX III.
that Vicinity
(additional local names are being sought)
Abutilon theophrasti.....ecsccsccceeecccccsrveesecese HEMP
Cyperus StrigOSuS..ecrcoeesesecesscvesseceveeveeeeees Nut Grass
SomlanumacarolsimensSe sc sierere) euercleloreelerelelelaiieisioeiele alee LOOT, ManitismPotato
Robinia pseudoacacia........ sieieliclie (es elsiieveialel eis) sieveloieicisierens) UC LOW mMLOCUS ts
Shipmast Locust
Comes Mo CCUGeNM PATE Shievelevstelerelele ielonelic’e ielele silelelelsieleveromeleclele ce UE aiaD esa,
DUESTHEUSM AMC ata srereyeneleleheliollaliohe si eleleveyelejevevoielellelelelelercieleietete ete eRe CMO ale
ae peer) Juul
ojesol ¢'as 100%
pdewood wolloeY
JaugoJ teamgide
yrrsdrague
ag0 bok
bine e1s aonBo “Espof Tanok 3 bs).
slp oueat hake
emg as ts hoy
orn
peeves ebSgoEed ,
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