Edith Falk Collection

/.iEnio;.N ICD cicoss clud tours

GElCRyi.L TOUR - AFTJRHOON

TTC-: PANTTCON

Tho Panthoon ia tho not;t fanotu of tho builûincs <^f Anciont
Rono and in tho only anciont oûifico which hac cono to ua in a por-
fcct ütato of pro:;orvr\tion, The structure v/ao founded in tho firat
contury B.C.( 27 B„C.) by üarcua Aerlppa and dedicated "o ail coda
(pan Thooa). Durinn tho roign of Enporor Tltua j.n 00 ;. ,D,,it vic^a dan-
afr.d by a lichtonin^ boit r.d fire \.'hich reaultod but v;aa :?CGt;orod by
radria in tho yoora 110-125 A.^). Today it ia aaid to be the croatcat
achiovonont in interior architooturo acconpliahod by tho Ronana, Tho
aixtcon nonolith granite coluima ivhich support the por'-ico neajuro
43 ft, in hoißht. The gilt bronze tiloa .vhich onco c ivorcd the done
arc gone; but tuo ancient bronze doora rjr.iain and aro the grcatoat of
all Rouan doora that have been prccûrvod,, Afi to tho interior tho whole
ia one plane or equality - tho diameter of tho Rotonda (x-':3 ft,)boing
exactly equal to tho holfjlit fron tho floor to ôOLii-.iit - r.nd tho height
frou the floor to cornice, equal to that fron cornico to a-pox, Tho
pantheon ia lit by tlxo circular holo in the dor.c - thia done bolnc
the larcost and oldoat in tho v/orld» '■'hen Cliriatianity replacod Pa-
ganisr.i, Pope Boniface IV in 609, conaecratod tho pantheon aa a Cliristi-
an Church and it ia atill uaod aa auch today (The Royal Church). It
waa dudicated to tho îîotlior of God under the nano of Sancta ad Karty-
roa and it la aaid that on thia ocoaaion of it 'a cnsacration, a largo
nunbor of bonoa of nartyroa were brought to the Panthoon fron the ca-
taconba, Tho tonba of Victor Ennnuol n, Tjiubcrto I and Raphael aro
locatod here with th se of oLher (';r at artiste

THE PVRAIIID OP CAIUS CESTIUS

to nar-k to tor.ib of
iicnb^r of tho col-

Tho pyrariid v/aa built in the year 30 B.C.
Caiua Coatius, v;ho v/aa a i:ractor, a tribune and a
logo of sopteriviri Epulonca and had charge of th-,- aol'.
banquets . It is about 117 ft. high and ia cover..)d v/it'.
r.iarbla .

ST.PAUL''S OUTSIDE Tlffi^jALLS

aolo fuori lo Jiura ia one of tho najnr churchea of
Tho situ ia that of a chavch built by Constantino over tho tonb
St. Paul, which waa also the site of a Roîian Cenctery, St. Paul

nilca away. The ;':hurch \rc largely do

San

situ ia that of a

?aul, which waa al
ivar tyred a.pproxinately 1-
by fire in 1323, but robuilt alon_
was finally consnorated by Pope IX
whole world contriliutlng»

The interior la 394 ft.
is 394 ft. by 197 ft„ high. The
ricd in Bavono on l,ake naggiore
altar is auriiountod by a fanoua
Alogn tho frlozoe of the nave

■in,aacrificial
slaba of whito

Rono,

of
,-/as
jtroyod

the aano plana and ùii.ionaiona and
in 1854, polotti built it - with the

by 197 ft, ;.nd 75 ft. high. Tho interior
80 coluiuna of grey L;ranito v/ore quar-
and brought to Rone on rafts, Tho high
tabornaclo by Arnolio da cantalo (1285),
nd aisles aro nodalliona of all tho

tho proaent day (nunboring 264 in all)
of St, Paul in a slnplo stone coffin
tors v/cro built by the school of Co3-

Blahopa of Rono St. peter until
Beneath tho altar lies tho body
narked "Paul Apoatlo", Tho cIoIe
nati in tlio 13th century,

PIAZZA rnwzziL

Tho large white building - nonuiicnt - rising fron tho alopo of
tho Capitolino hill in nanod in honor of tho first King of unified
Italy, victor Enanuel li, it waa bogun in 1885 and construction con-
tinued for 26 years, it is 500 ft, long, 250 ft,high and waa deaignod
by Sacconl» Tho atatuo of the King is in gilded bronzo and ia over tho
tonb of tho unknown Soldier of ""rorld " ar I on the Alt;.r of tho Father-
land,

AS you tho nonunent on tho right hand aide of tho piazza ia
the Palazzo Vonozia, It takca it's nano fron the fact tliat the Venetian
Anbasaador lived hero ia the days v/hen Venice v/aa an independent re-
public - tho neat pov/orful in Europe, nusaolini had hia office hero du-
ring the days of bja dictatorahip and in tho center of tho building
thoy hold at the pres^^nt an Art Exhibition,

CASXLE SAKT'AKC-SLO:

Castle San'Angelo was built In the II Century A.D. by Hadrian.
In Roman tlraes it was the tomb of Emperor Hadrian. In Middle Age it
was transformed into a fortress. From 1870 it was first used as
Barracks and then turned in'co a Museum. It was at preserit one of the
most important, and interesting sights of Rome, since the former
appartments of the Popes, who generally came here for protection
when danger arose, are still in excellent condition.

The Armory and the dungeons as well as the plaster models of
Che Castle in different epochs, add great interest.

TOieS OF AUGUSTUS:

The •^'omb of Augus'Gus was erected in the 1st Century B.Cand
was used, up the short time ago, as a Concert Hall for the Conservato-
ry of Santa Cecilia.

CAFlxOLI'TE MaSEUM:

The Museum was founded in 1471 by Slxtus IV, chiefly built
by pupils of Michelangelo. Contr.ins the famous "Dying Gnul", origi-
nal of the 1st century EC, "Venus of the Capitol", Greek Statue
found in 1684, an Etruscan bronze "Volf of the Capitol", the statue
of a boy extracting a thorn frem his foot, called the "Shephard Mar-
tius", the "Rosso Antico" marble Faun, The Centaurs and the interes-
ting Roman tapistries.

CHURCH OF ARA COELI:

The name of this church is generally attributed to an altar
erected by Augustus Caesar. In the Middle Ages, Ara Coeli was the
church of the Roman Senate and it has often served as a Parliament
House for the city of Rome. In the 1st Chapel, on the right, is a
painting of St. Bernardino da Siena, a work of Bernardino Finturicchio

In the "Preseplo'' there is a famous XVI Century wooden
sculpture of the "Infant Christ".

MI'ffiRTIKZ PRISON:

The Mamertine Prison and the Carcere Tulllano, is the oldest
Roman dungeon, in which St. Peter and Paul are said to have been
bound to a pillar for nine months.

PIAZZh MAVONA:

A vast oblong Piazza pccupylng the site of the Circus Ago-
nalis of Domltlanus which had seats for 30.000 spectators and boats
three handsome fountains.

The center fountain, built by Bernini in the XVII Century
is called the Fountain of the four Rivers. Others were built in the
XIII Century»

BASILICA OF 3?.PST:R'S

In 327, Constantlne the Great began the erection of a Basilica,
labtirlng with his own hands. In 846 the Basilica suffered severely by
the Saracenic Invasion, and later vas restored by Leo IV. In 150Ö
Julius II beran the new St. Peter's fren design by Bramante, Haffaello
and the Architect Sangallo; ■^'''--e dome was designed by Michelangelo,
hovever it v/as very different from what we nc-' admire. Th^ present
dome is the work of ^lacomo Delia Forti, and was finisohed in IrVO.
The ball and cros° were install-d in 1.'''93. The Church '-'aa consacrated
by Pope Urbaii VIII November IB, lö2b. The colonn-'^de '''as adued by Als-
xanaer VII m 1667, the sacristy by Fiup VI in 17bü. 'xh-ï fac-.de of
SÏ. Peter' s is 3' 7 ft long and 14k ft high» It is surrr.ount^ci by a
balu8tr-=.te six ft In height bearin^; st-ttu-^s of th:; S^wlourand the
12 Apostlcs. xhfe offntral door of bronzd Is a r-innant of th-- old Basi-
lio'i and was dons by Antonio Fllnrsta in 14;"il. The floor of the Basi-
lica is of inlaid ctloured marble dasi; nt^d by ..-incomo Dell-^ Porta
ana Bernini. Conf.-'snion is the work of Casnnovi., the Canopy in bronz
was done by Bernini in 1633. In ths first Chapel is che Stntu= "Pieta"
by Kichalangelo. Th- Sacristy of Bt. Peter's '''as built by Piu? VI in
17or- frera dcrsing by Ca^^lo H-'rchioni. The Treasury of Si;.Petr;r' s, \^rtiich
stands above the Pap-n.l Altar (the grave of th- Apostlri Pecrr) countaine
works by Folalnolo, Bsnvenuto Cellini; aaci-;nt Jew^jls -no. crucifixes.

THE OATAGOMPH

Thrrre are 43 Oatacorabs '-'hich are uaed '-s unde -aground burial
voults. They are f -rraed by eubterr'^nean galeries, the nu;nb^ ■ of whiffh
constantly increased as Christianity kept sDre'-dlng. The Gatacorribs of
St.Gallisto are the largest and "Iso count.-^tn th^ tomb of St .Cecilia' b.
Those of St. S-bastian' s, guarded up to the time «f Gon-tna-'ino, couQtain
remains of the Bodies of the Aposci^s Pet^r and Paul, Xirhich brought
back to their original grav-s by Canatantine, the Basilicas of St.Petrr^r'-
and Paul i^svr: built o^'-r th-f?.e graves.

CIRCUS MAXIMifS

The '^ircus l'îaximus, Rome mogC extensive monument, was almost com-
pletely destroyed in th- tira- of F^^ul V. It was used for ch-rioc races,
first institute by Tarquinius Fri.= cu<: in hono,r of Oonnue. It wa? a vast
oblong of 730 yards, ending e.-'stward in " B-!fiicycl-, and surrounded by
three tiers of eeata. At one time the Clrcut? was capable^ of accomoda-
ting more than Sf^'O.OOü peraonp. '''he cli'cus was us-d until the sixth
Century.

THE BATHS OF "JA'-IACALLA

These Baths v'hioh could accomodate 1000 bathers at once, Airere
begun by Caracalla in '-ilg A.D. and finished und-.r AlexT.d-r teverua.
The;, were supplied '"ith wate\' by th.-i Ar:tonine Aquaauct, whiCh branched
hither '' )r that purpose frop; the Claudine, ov-r the ra fsnniü'rjd Arch of
Di'usus, seen further alone the road near the gat=i.

irlfirlHHtWlUt-.- wi,--.f^r-,fl>

•r^^'-f. V.-1^-i^

Once a sv/anp between the Palntine, Vr-lia, Esquiline, Quirinal and Capitoline
Hills, it was first the center of »ne, and later the center of the rrorld. It ••••as
the center of all activ'ties, up to the tine of Constantine. It suffered ijnmeasely
"hen Robert, the '^-uiscard, of Normandy, sariiert tone in the 11th centui-y. From nn
for several centuritjs, it 'ras usod a^ a dumriinfT place. The rwbbish poured in hc/t-,
riased it? s level up to the strept level of today.

Excavations were started by Poio Pius IX in the XIX Century, /kmon? the
buildings and raon'unents to be seen, speci-l mention should be made of the .tomnn
Sen?te, beean by Julius Ca-^sar and inau^^iratod by Augustus in B.C. 29. The ^.enple
of Ceasar is the sito vrhere the body of Ceasnr was creamated. n^îrc one fxnds the
the Temple of Vest? is ivhcre thr everlasting fire t'p.s left burning. Temi)lcs o;_
Castor and Polhex, vhich have the oldr;st and best columns of thr forum, _ The Trium-
phal Arches of Titusr.no Spptimus Scvserus and, the Basilica of Constattine.

■••;-1.T"

■ 1 ?

con*

mlarged in the.- XIX

ST. JOHN'S Q^Tir.O.UL

B"'lt by C- • i.'ie, sinult-Jiionsly to the ¥' :

C(.-ntri:tcd originally to the name of "O'l'- S; vi-' i ". G
Cintury, ■■■s n 'no . ft^r St. Jp'-.n'-,.

It suffered from many altfirations, vrhich turned it into a Barocquo constru-
ction. Through the bronze mf-in door, a ralio of the lioiKin Senate, Vfo enter the
main nave, surmounted bj^ a beautiful wooden ceiling, of the XVI Century. The marble
statues along the main navoropresent the 12 A))ostlüs .-nd the plaster Bas-roliol, on
the loft and right, represent Scenes of th -• old Testament.

The floor restored by Pope Pius XI tt.s Ir.id in the XIII Century. In the
canopy, which sourmounts the main altar, arc St. Potcr's pjid St. Haul's f:u11s.
At the "Tribunn" is the Ppnr.l Throne, sourmounted by a beautiful nasaic, -opresonting
three different epochs.

At the loft end r.bove the iat.-w, and bclo-: the bronze canopy right Inside the
•wall, a fc".' •Moodon boards arc kept, vrhich iTere brought from lîount Zion, by St.
Helena, and are said to be the remains of the Last Supports Table.

•» * *

•«■■^»■»•«■•»^■•^•«■•»s--«-'»---'^-

0 ü

F T 0 '.T N TOURS

OSTIA

:7 ^T^z^ s --S3 r^r^^^-n^rÄ-Lsr^-'"-'

e^t^ri^ the Tiber HivBr, and move up towards .ione.

I^tor it beende very i:nportant >^-bour fd the f.^y gre^^o^o-^^« -^1.0.00
inhabitants, as .11 l.xge -^^^^l^^S^^^^ehouse's. T^'e oities' ruins offer
f^^ji^iJ;^ r^rturrar^^orfan .et . .od idea of .... lUe ^
that period.

TIVOLI

^. »Clont -nw", *î- "■^rr^':"toî"».'°s.s :s5 S";ä»'

«lonps of the Apperjiine Mountains, is £'^°^^^J,°t . „„1 „ in thr^ XVI Century for the
finest.

ALBAN HILLS v,\nh-,no

On the Appian .ay, passing by fî^l'^^Z^r^T^^^'^^^^^^^^
built over the remains of the ^^Pf f^ °f "3^/Hoside^e, on the shore of the
co»e to Castle Gandolfo, where the ^f '^^. fT^^Lre v;e gencr.-lly take a stroll
Tnchanting volcanic lake f„^i^°' -^rsT^on Marino, 'famous for it- s -ines «id
through the magnifxcxent ^°™^-\^?'^^'^°^^;g f^crly fron one of the tœ-n's oldest
on-the first Sund-^.y of October '.Txno flous vc^ xy delicacy of it' s ^n.nes and for
TouSains. ^Ve -■^*,'^-f ^' -^^Stcnt^" S visit tîe Church .nd Chapel v.herc ^.e
it- s Abbey f-M Church of the XI Century. ;^ vis ^.^^ ^^^^ ^^ i.v-scati,

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BORGIESIl GALLSRY

Tho Dorr-hüso ^alacc, which in now the Borghoao nallory,'.'. a the
private aummoi- rociuonco of tho Bor£hose family. Built in X/II Contury
countains many famoua pictui-'os and. statviea by Italian artist,

Amonc thorn wc mention j Canova, Borninij paintings on tho second
floor by naffadlo,, Tintoretto, Botticelli, porugino, Halboin, voronoso
otc«

ST MARIA Il/vGGIORI.

St. naria iiaggioro is one of tho groat Basilicas of Romo. BuilL in
tho IV contury by tho Popo Liborius I, it contains tv/o big chapols,
paolina and slstina, also tho tomb of tho groat acultor Bornlni-, Notice
a marvolous XV contury mosaic by Torrita,

ST. PETER IH CIIAIMS

Tho Church v/aa built in tho V Contury, It countains tho chains of

St. potor and Pauli You can admiro tho famous Statuo of Iiosos - by

nlcholangolo - dono in tho XVI Contury.

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