WARKWORTH'S CHRONICLE
OF THE
FIRST THIRTEEN YEARS OF THE REIGN OF
KING EDWARD THE FOURTH.
A CHRONICLE
FIRST THIRTEEN YEARS OF THE REIGN OF
KING EDWARD THE FOURTH,
BY JOHN WARKtVORTH, D. D.
MASTER OF ST. PETER'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.
EDITED, FROM THE MS. NOW IN THE LIBRARY OF ST. PETER'S COLLEGE,
BY JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL, ESQ. F.R.S., F.S.A.
OF JESUS COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE; CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY
OF ANTIQUARIES OF FRANCE, &C. &C. &C.
" Offt sithes it is scene that dyvers ther arne, the which forseene not the causis
precedent and subsequent, for the which they fall many tymes into such erroure, that
they abuse theymeself, and also othir theire sequacis, gheving credence to such as
wrigten of affeccion, leving the trouth that was in deede." — Hearne's Fragment, p. 298.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR THE CAMDEN SOCIETY,
BY JOHN BOWYER NICHOLS AND SON, PARLIAMENT STREET.
M.DCCC.XXXIX.
COUNCIL
OF
THE CAMDEN SOCIETY,
ELECTED MAY 2, 1839.
President,
THE RIGHT HON. LORD FRANCIS EGERTON, M.P.
THOMAS AMYOT, ESQ. F.R.S. Treas. S.A. Director.
THE REV. PHILIP BLISS, D.C.L., F.S.A., Registrar of
the University of Oxford.
JOHN BRUCE, ESQ. F.S.A. Treasurer.
JOHN PAYNE COLLIER, ESQ. F.S.A.
C. PURTON COOPER, ESQ. Q.C., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.S.A.
RT. HON. THOMAS PEREGRINE COURTENAY.
T. CROFf ON CROKER, ESQ. F.S.A., M.R.I.A.
THE REV. ALEXANDER DYCE, B.A.
SIR HENRY ELLIS, K.H., F.R.S., Sec. S.A.
THE REV. JOSEPH HUNTER, F.S.A.
JOHN HERMAN MERIVALE, ESQ. F.S.A.
JOHN GAGE ROKEWODE, ESQ. F.R.S., Director S.A.
THOMAS STAPLETON, ESQ. F.S.A.
WILLIAM J. THOMS, ESQ. F.S.A. Secretary.
THOMAS WRIGHT, ESQ. M.A., F.S.A.
c/7
Ho.
At a Meeting of the Council of THE
CAMDEN SOCIETY, held at No. 25, Par-
liament Street, Westminster, on Thursday
the 3rd day of October 1839,
THOMAS AMYOT, ESQ. Director, in the Chair,
IT WAS ORDERED,
THAT the thanks of the Council be given to
the Master and Fellows of Saint Peter's College, Cam-
bridge, for the courtesy and kindness with which they
acceded to the request of the Council to be permitted to
use the Manuscript Volume which contains the Original
of the following Chronicle.
By order of the Council,
WILLIAM J. THOMS, Secretary.
INTRODUCTION.
MR. HUNTER, in the Appendix to the last Report of
the Record Commissioners,* was the first who noticed
the existence of a singularly valuable and curious histori-
cal document preserved in the library of St. Peter's Col-
lege, Cambridge, which had been extensively quoted by
Leland in his Collectanea at the commencement of the
sixteenth century. Leland extracts from a MS. volume
of Chronicles given to the College by John Warkworth,
who was then Master, the greater portion of which is a
mere copy of Caxton's edition of the Brute Chronicle ;
and although, without the slightest notion of a judicious
selection, that industrious transcriber has extracted as
largely from the Brute as from the other part of the ma-
nuscript, yet his Collectanea has for three centuries been
the only known receptacle -j- of a portion of the exceed-
* Fol. Lond. 1837, p. 336, col. 2.
f Previously, however, to Mr. Hunter's notice, the manuscript
itself had been mentioned, but not for an historical purpose, in Mr.
Hartshorne's Book Rarities of the University of Cambridge, p. 390.
CA.MD. SOC. 10. b
X INTRODUCTION.
ingly curious facts recorded in Warkworth's own Chroni-
cle, and would, perhaps, have been for three centuries
longer, had not the antiquarian diligence of Mr. Hunter
discovered its latent resting-place, and added one more
to the many instances of valuable documents rescued
from oblivion by that zealous and able historian.
The following Chronicle comprises a history of the first
thirteen years of the reign of Edward the Fourth. " This
eventful period," well observes Sir Henry Ellis, " though
removed from us scarcely more than three centuries, is still
among the darkest on our annals. Its records are con-
fused, mutilated, and disjointed. They who wrote his-
tory in it, had no talents for the task ; and there was a
ferocity abroad among the partizans of both the rival
houses, which prevented many from even assembling the
materials of history."* The paucity of documents illus-
trating this period has, indeed, long ~j~ been a matter of
regret. To meet with one, then, so minute in parti-
culars, abounding in new facts, and of indisputable au-
thenticity, cannot but be a matter of congratulation to
the historian.
It is quite unnecessary here to enlarge on the history
of the period to which the following narrative relates.
There is, however, one part of this diary, for in many
* Original Letters. Second Series, vol. i. p. 94.
f Gentleman's Magazine, 1791, vol. 61, Pt. i. p. 222.
INTRODUCTION. XI
instances it is sufficiently minute to be called an occa-
sional one, which must necessarily arrest the attention of
every reader, — the account of the mysterious death of King
Henry, expressed in such decided terms, and with such
apparently perfect knowledge of every part of the trans-
action, as cannot fail to raise strong doubts of its authen-
ticity. On a question of so dark a nature, no excuse will
be needed for another writer entering into the contro-
versy, with the aid of an additional auxiliary of powerful
evidence.
Before I proceed further, I will place before the reader
a few of the unpublished evidences I have collected rela-
tive to this transaction : —
1 . " Obitus Regis Henrici Sexti, qui obiit inter vicesi-
mum primum diem Maii et xxijm. diem Maii." MS. Bib.
Reg. 2 B. xv. fol. 1, r°.
2. " Rex Henricus Sextus in arce London ferro trans-
figitur et occiditur." MS. Cotton. Otho, B. xiv. fol.
221, v°.
3. "Et Henricus, nuper Rex, reponitur in Turrim
London, et, in vigilia Ascenscionis dormiente, ibidem
feliciter moriens, per Tamisiam navicula usque ad Ab-
bathiam de Cheltosye deductus, ibi sepultus est." MS.
Arundel, (CoUege of Arms) No. 5, fol. 171) v°.
4. "Et in vigilia ascensionis moriebatur Rex Henricus
Sextus in turn Londoniarum, qui quidem sepultus erat
Xll INTRODUCTION.
apud Chersey, et postea translatus per Regem Ricardum
usque Wynsowerem." MS. Laud, 674. (B. 23) fol. 1 1, r°.
5. There is a Latin prophecy (written perhaps after the
fulfilment of the predicted event) in MS. Digb. 196, that
King Henry the Sixth shall die a violent death.
6. "Also upon ascencion evyn, Kyng Henry was
brought from the tower thrugh Chepe unto Powlys upon
a bere, andabowte thebeere more glevys and stavys than
torches ; who was slayne, as it was said, by the Duke of
Glowcetir ; but howe he was deed [nobody knewe, but]
thedir he was brought deed ; and in the chirch the corps
stode all nyght, and on the morue he was conveyed to
Chertsey, where he was buryed.." MS. London Chroni-
cle. Bibl. Cotton. Vitell. A. xvi. fol. 133, r°.
7. The following is taken from a metrical history of
the reign of Edward the Fourth, by John Herd, M.D.,
a copy of which is in MS. Cotton. Jul. C. n.
" Interea Henricus Sextus, spoliatus avito
Qui fuit imperio, vita spoliatur, in arce
In Thamesis ripa vitreas que prospicit undas.
Ilium fama refert rigidum jugulasse Richardum,
Gloucestrensis erat qui dux, vir sevus et audax,
Post cujus coedem sic insultasse refertur; —
' Masculus, en ! haeres Edverdo a rege creatus,
Tertius illius qui vixit nominis olim,
Preter nos hodie respirat nemo superstes —
Nos, Eboracensis quos gloria stirpis honorat I'
Henrici corpus Pauli transfertur in asdem,
Et jacet in feretro, vulgi ut videatur ocellis.
INTRODUCTION. Xlll
Parvulus est vicus, Chersei nomine notus,
In quo coenobium, sacer Erchenwalde, locabas,
Londini fueras qui clarus episcopus olim ;
Hue delatus erat tumuloque Henricus opertus ;
Post Vindessoram translatus, conditur aede
Que sacrata tibi celebratur, dive Georgi !
Octo et ter denos Henricus praefuit annos ;
Sex etiam menses post sceptra recepta regebat ;
Vita? annos binos et quinquaginta peregit :
Edverdus princeps gnatus fuit unicus illi."
Fol. 170 vo_i7i ro.
8. " Eodem die [mensis Maij xxj0.] decessit Henricus
Sextus, olim dictus Rex Anglie, apud Turrim London,
et sepultus est in monasterio de Chertesey juxta Tamisiam
Winton dioces'. Et sic nemo relinquitur in humanis
qui ex illo stirpite coronam petat." MS. Arundel, Mus.
Brit. 28, fol. 25, v°.
John Blakman*, after relating an anecdote of the
patience of Henry, adds — " Consimilem etiam misericor-
diam cum pluribus aliis ostendit, specialiter autem duobus,
mortem ei intendentibus, quorum unus collo suo grave
vulnus inflixit, volens excerebrasse vel decolasse eum,
quod tamen Rex patientissime tulit, dicens, forsothe and
forsothe, ye do fouly to smyte a kynge enoynted so ;" and
he afterwards proceeds to state — " Et tandem mortis ibi
corporis violentiam sustinuit propter regnum, et tune spe-
* De virtutibus et miraculis Regis Henrici, pp. 301 et 303.
XIV INTRODUCTION.
rabatur, ab aliis pacifice possidendum." Little did the
author of the following curious song imagine that his
reigning sovereign would arrive at so tragical an end —
" Now grawnt him hit so be may —
Pray we that Lord is Lord of alle,
To save our Kyng, his reme ryalle,
And let never myschip uppon him falle,
Ne false traytoure him to betray.
I praye joue, seris, of jour gentre,
Syng this carol reverently ;
Fore hit is mad of Kyng Herre,
Gret ned fore him we han to pray !
jif he fare wele, wele schul we be,
Or ellis we may be ful sore ;
Fore him schul wepe mone an e,
Thus prophecis the Blynd Awdlay."*
And " mone an e " doubtless did weep for the sainted
Prince. The Croyland Continuator forcibly concludes his
account with the following prayer : " may God grant
time for repentance to the person, whoever he was, who
laid his sacrilegious hands on the Lord's anointed."
* MS. Douce, Bib. Bodl. Oxon. No. 302, fol. 29, v<>, a. A folio
volume on velluni containing poems by John Awdlay, the blind
poet, and (fol. 22, v°, b.) written in the Monastery of Haghmond in
the year 1426. Mr. Hartshorne will use this MS. in his forthcoming
Shropshire Glossary. I may refer here to four Latin verses on
Henry the Sixth in MS. Bodl. 926. Laud, 670. E. 3. (Bern. 61.)
INTRODUCTION. XV
But to return from this digression. Mr. Bayley says
" we have satisfactory testimony that Henry lived at least
up to the twenty-fifth of May/' and he quotes the Fcedera
for his authority, thereby falling into an error which
Sharon Turner made, in mistaking the day of the
payment of certain monies for that on which they were
incurred, — an error which Dr. Lingard was the first to
point out, and which takes away entirely the only seeming
substantial evidence that has been brought forward to
show that Henry did not die between the 21st and the
22nd of May, as stated in the following Chronicle. Fleet-
wood's narrative affirms that Henry expired on the 23rd
" of pure displeasure and melancholy," and this very pal-
pable attempt at deception proves at any rate that the
popular feeling and opinion was strong enough to induce
the Yorkists to attempt to throw a veil over the important
circumstantial fact that would render a murder probable,
viz. that Henry died the very night Edward made his
triumphal entry into the metropolis.* Indeed, the whole
* The catalogue of authorities for the murder of Henry VI. might
be extended ad libitum, and do not show more than the popular
opinion after all ; it may be as well, however, to give a few references.
L'Art de verifier les Dates, i. 816, col. i. ; Harl. Miscell. i. 313;
Life of Henry the Sixth (8vo. Lond. 1712), p. 58 ; Grafton's con-
tinuation of Harding's Chronicle, Sir Henry Ellis's edition, p. 460 ;
" Rex Henricus occiditur clam in Turri," MS. Tanner, Bodl. II.
XVI INTRODUCTION.
of the circumstantial evidence is in favour of the murder ;
Edward made his triumphal entry into London on the
2 1 st, and went into Kent with the Duke of Gloucester on
the following day ; on the afternoon of the 22nd, Henry's
body was brought to St. Paul's, and there, as we are in-
formed by four good authorities, bled afresh —
" O, gentlemen, see, see ! dead Henry's wounds
Open their congealed mouths, and bleed afresh ! —
Blush, blush, thou lump of foul deformity ;
For 'tis thy presence that exhales this blood
From cold and empty veins, where no blood dwells ;
Thy deed, inhuman and unnatural,
Provokes this deluge most unnatural."
William Habington* remarks that " the death of King
Henry was acted in the darke, so that it cannot be
affirmed who was the executioner, only it is probable it
was a resolution of the state. The care of the king's
safety and the publicke quiet, in some sort making it,
fol. 104, vo. and fol. 56, r<> ; Hist. Anglic, a M. H. 1640, p. 180 ;
Cooper's Chronicle, p. 267; MS. Harl. 2408 ; Palmesii Continuatio
Chron. Eusebiani, edit. 1483, fol. 160, r<> ; Memoires Olivier de la
Marche, sub anno 1469; Lilii Chronicon Angliae, edit. 1565, fol.
63, r° ; the Breviat Chronicle of the Kings of England, edit. Cant.
1553, a<>. 1470; MS. Vine, in Coll. Arm. 418.
* The Historic of Edward the Fourth. Lond. 1640, p. 104.
INTRODUCTION. XV11
however cruell, yet necessary ;" and he adds, " at what
time his body lay in Saint Paul's, and after in Blacke-
fryers, a large quantity of blood issued from his nose —
a most miraculous way of speaking the barbarisme of
his murther, and giving tyrants to understand that the
dead dare in their language tell the truth, and call even
their actions to account." I make this extract for the
purpose of remarking on Habington's political reason for
the murder of Henry — an argument which Hume and all
subsequent historians, with the exception of Dr. Lingard,
have strangely underrated. If the life of Henry was of
no importance, how was it that at Ludford the leader of
the Yorkists considered it expedient to report his death,
and actually cause mass to be celebrated for the repose
of his soul, although he knew that the King was then alive
and well*. Neither do I consider the argument alleged
by Sir James Mackintosh -f- of much weight — it is impro-
bable that those who through so many scenes of blood
had spared the Prince should at last incur the odium of
destroying him. Had not the most recent of Edward's
misfortunes been owing to him ? and, moreover, while
the child was living, J so long as the heir apparent of the
* Rot. Parl. V. 348 ; Owen and Blakeway's History of Shrews-
bury, vol. i. p. 229.
f History of England, vol. ii. p. 44.
I " And shortly after [his final defeat], to make that parte sure,
CAMD. SOC. 10. C
XV111 INTRODUCTION.
throne was in existence — if so, indeed, he could be called
after the treaty made by his father — the life of Henry was
not worth caring for in comparison with the danger of
destroying him. But now the love of the people, stronger
and more enthusiastic as the unfortunate Henry was
overwhelmed with greater and increasing difficulties,
tended towards, and, perhaps, would ultimately have ac-
complished, the ejection of his rival, a sovereign who was
inclined to deal heavily with them, and who never could
have been a general favourite.
Warkworth informs us that the Duke of Gloucester
was at the Tower of London on the night of the murder
of Henry. No certain evidence has transpired relative
to the share that this prince had in the deed, nor is it
to be expected that we could obtain any ; the voice of the
people attributed the direct performance of the murder to
him ; and his insatiable ambition, for his road was doubt-
less more open after Henry's decease, afforded a fair
ground for the presumption. Philip de Comines says,
" if what was told me be true, after the battle was over,
the Duke of Gloucester slew this poor King Kerry with
was deprived of his lief, havinge loste also Edward his sonne the
Prynce before spoken of, the hope of all his posteritie, in the Battayle
of Tewksbury." MS. Sloan. 3479. fol. 6, vo. See also MS. Arun-
del, Mus. Brit. 28. fol. 25, v<>. which contains the only early autho-
rity for this view of the transaction.
INTRODUCTION. XIX
his own hand, or caused him to be carried to some private
place, and stood by himself, while he was killed." There
must have been some reason for these rumours, and De
Comines was contemporary; perhaps Gloucester might
have had a double purpose in the death of the king — the
accomplishment of his grand aim of ambition and the
service of his brother. He appears to have been de-
tected in his aim at sovereignty, for Lewis Glyn Cothi
(Works, p. 47, 1. 13.) in a poem written immediately after
the death of Edward, seems to have had some presenti-
ment that Richard would succeed to the throne, for he
emphatically styles him y brenin Risiart.
In the perusal of the following narrative every one
must be struck with the difference between the characters
of the two rival princes ; and although, perhaps, with the
enthusiasm of a staunch Lancastrian, its author has
coloured the vices of the one, yet in no place has he
magnified the virtues of the other. Nothing can be fairer
or more sensible than the view he gives of the state of
popular feeling, after, the resumption of the throne by
Henry. — " These were the causes, among others, which
caused the people to grumble against him ; and the com-
mon people said if they could have another king, he
would regain all his lost possessions, and amend every
corruption in the state, and bring the realm of England
into prosperity and peace ; nevertheless, when King Ed-
ward reigned, the people expected all the aforesaid pros-
XX INTRODUCTION.
perity and peace, but it came not ; but one battle after
another, and much trouble and loss among the common
people." Almost every change, expected by the people
to produce great and immediate advantage to them, has
failed at least in its incipient operation, and the above
clearly accounts for the strong reaction in favour of
Henry. Afterwards it acted as a much more powerful
motive, and so deeply did the fortunes of the royal
prisoner excite the general compassion of his subjects,
that, after he was really deceased, no adulation was con-
sidered sufficient to sustain the well-merited reputation
of his moral virtues. Of this we have a remarkable in-
stance in the legendary life of him, written by a monk of
Windsor about the year 1500, which opens with the
following hymn,* —
" Salve ! miles preciose,
Rex Henrice generose,
Palmes vitis celice ;
In radice caritatis
Vernans flore sanctitatis,
Viteque angelice.
" Salve ! flos nobilitatis,
Laus et honor dignitatis,
Seu corone regie ;
* De miraculis Henrici Sexti, libri duo. MS. Harl. 423, fol.72, r°.
INTRODUCTION. XXI
Pie pater orphanorum,
Vera salus populorum,
Robur et ecclesie.
" Salve ! forma pietatis,
Exemplar huiiiil it.il is,
Decus innocencie !
Vi oppressis vel turbatis,
Mestis atque desolatis,
Scola paciencie.
" Salve ! fax superne lucis,
Per quam servi summi ducis
Illustrantur undique :
Dum virtute lucis vere,
Meruisti prefulgere
Tantis signis grade.
" Salve ! quern Rex seculorum
Choris jungens angelorum
Civem fecit patrie ;
Te laudare cupientes
Fac ut semper sint fruentes
Tecum vita glorie ! Amen."
Henry the Seventh made an application to Pope
Alexander the Sixth for the canonization of Henry, but
his extreme penuriousness was the reason of its not being
carried into effect, as he was unwilling to incur the neces-
sary expenses.
XX11 INTRODUCTION.
John Lidgate's well-known poem on the Kings of Eng-
land concludes with the reign of Henry VI. ; but one
manuscript * contains an addition relating to Edward IV.
which renders the entire stanzas on those two reigns
worthy of insertion, because the contrast is most sin-
gular ;—
" Sixt Henry brought forthe in al vertu,
By just title borne by enheritaunce,
Aforne providede by grace of Criste Jhesu,
To were ij. crownys in Ynglonde and in Fraunce ;
To whom Gode hathe yove soverayne suffisaunce
Of vertuous lyfe, and chose hym for his knyghte,
Longe to rejoyse and reigne in his righte.
" Comforthe al thristy and drynke with gladnes !
Rejoyse withe myrthe thoughe ye have nate to spende !
The tyme is come to avoyden yowre distres —
Edwarde the fourth e the olde wronges to amende
Is wele disposede in wille, and to defende
His londe and peple in dede, withe kynne and myghte ;
Goode lyf and longe I pray to God hym sende,
And that seynte George be withe hym in his righte."
It is evident that this latter part was written at the
commencement of the reign of Edward IV.
The MS. which contains the Chronicle now printed
* MS. Harl. 2251, fol. 4, r°.
INTRODUCTION. Xxiii
consists of a folio volume of 225 leaves of vellum, the last
being pasted to the cover, and written not long after the
last mentioned event, A.D. 1473. Leland errs in saying
that the MS. is in Warkworth's handwriting, for it is
evidently the work of a common scribe ; we fortunately
possess a note of presentation in Warkworth's autography,
and the fac-simile of this, with a specimen of the scribe's
calligraphy, will be found at the commencement of the
volume. The sentence with which Warkworth opens his
memoranda is curious ; it is probable that he had two
copies of Caxton's Chronicle, in one of which he had
written his own continuation, beginning with the words
" at the coronacyone of the forseyde Edward," and in the
other, instead of making a second copy of the continua-
tion, he simply made the reference " as for alle thynges
that folowe, referre them to my copey, in whyche is
wretyn a remanente [or continuation] lyke to this forseyd
werke" [i. e. written in the same manner as Caxton's
Chronicle.] The scribe, who made the transcript of
Caxton now preserved at Peterhouse, had been directed
to refer from one manuscript to the other for the con-
tinuation, and in so doing he added Warkworth's note of
reference by way of introduction to the new part, joining
them together by means of the words " that is to wytt,
that."
The scribe of the Brute Chronicle has exchanged Cax-
XXIV INTRODUCTION.
ton's orthography for his own, as the reader may readily
see by comparing the printed edition with the following
conclusion : —
" And here I make ane ende of this lytelle werke as
myche as I can fynde aftere the forme of the werke by-
fore made by Ranulpd Monke of Chestere. And where
ther is ony faughte I beseche them that schal rede it to
correcte it. For yf I cowede have founde moo storyes I
wolde have sett in itt moo ; but the substaunce that I can
fynde and knowe I have schortely seett them in this boke,
to the entent that suche thynges as have be done sithe
deythe or ende of the same booke of Polycronycone be hade
in rememberaunce and not putt in oblyvione, ne forgetynge
prayenge alle them that schalle see this simple werke to
pardone my symple and rude wrytynge. Endede the
secunde day of Julij the xxij. yere of the regne of
Kynge Edwarde the fourt, and of the incarnacyone of
oure Lorde M'. cccc. iiij. score and tweyne.
" Finysched and ended after the copey of Caxtone
then in Westmynster." Fol. 214, v°.
For the sake of the general reader it may be as well
to give the note of presentation, lithographed at the com-
mencement of this volume, in full : —
" Liber Collegii Sancti Petri in Cantebrigia, ex dono
Magistri Johannis Warkeworthe, Magistri dicti Collegii,
sub interminacione anathematis nullatenus a libraria
ibidem alienandus."
INTRODUCTION. XXV
From the style in which this is written, there can be
no doubt that it is in Warkworth's own handwriting ;
and it is also evident from a comparison with several
of his autographs still preserved in the library of the
College.
I have been able to collect nothing relative to the per-
sonal history of Warkworth, except that he was Master
of St. Peter's College from A.D. 1473 to A.D. 1498.* He
appears to have been a man of moderate learning and
ability, although his story about the Wemere partakes
strongly of superstition, and a reliance upon mere hearsay ;
but, in some instances, his minuteness in particulars
would lead us to believe that he was intimately acquainted
with the political affairs of the period.
The account which he gives of Henry's death is cer-
tainly most singular. It would seem as if he had in-
tended for every reader a certain assurance far from being
voluntarily taken —
* In St. Peter's College there is an original picture of Warke-
worthe, executed in 1498, in a clerical habit, holding an open book
with both his hands. This was formerly in the curious room called
the Stone Parlour, but is now, I believe, transferred to the library.
There is the following distich underneath —
" Vives adoptata gaudeto prole ; probato
Non cuicunque libet, progenuisse licet."
In the ancient register of donations to the College is a list of
CAMD. SOC. 10. d
XXvi INTRODUCTION.
" Rede this treyte it may hyra move —
And may hym teche lightly with awe."*
Be that as it may, Warkworth's narrative is supported by
the strongest collateral proof, and is therefore deserving
of the greatest consideration.
I may observe that much new matter to illustrate this
period may be found in the contemporary poems of Lewis
Glyn Cothi, a Welsh bard, part of whose works have lately
been published by the Royal Cymmrodorion Institution,
under the able editorship of my friend the Rev. John
Jones, M.A. (Tegid), of Christ Church, Oxford, and the
Rev. W. Davies. I have made more particular reference
to these spirited poems in the notes ; but I take the oppor-
tunity here of pointing out to the general reader Mr.
Jones's Introductory Essay on the Wars of the Rival
Roses, which would have done ample credit to a work
professing far higher pretensions : I speak of it not as
the result of much research, or of any difficult research
whatever, but as being an admirable view of the facts of
the case, discussed with great judgment and ability, and
books given to the library by Warkeworthe, and from this it appears
that he presented his MS. Chronicle in the year 1483.
* MS. Bodl. 3692. Hyp. Bodl. 160. (226.) Tract, sep. ult. fol.
1, r°. A miracle play of the Burial of Christ, of the fifteenth century.
I quote this MS. for the purpose of pointing out a curious miracle-
play which does not appear to have been hitherto known.
INTRODUCTION. XXVii
well adapted to fulfil the purpose for which it was in-
tended.
I gladly take the opportunity of expressing my respect-
ful and grateful thanks to the Rev. William Hodgson,
D.D., Master of St. Peter's College, and Vice-Chancellor
of the University of Cambridge, for the readiness with
which I have been favoured with every possible facility
for rendering the text of the following document as cor-
rect as the MS. will allow.
I also beg leave to return my best thanks to Charles
George Young, Esq., York Herald, for the extreme kind-
ness and liberality with which he assisted some researches
I found it expedient to make in the library of the Col-
lege of Arms ; and to John Gough Nichols, Esq. for the
communication of some valuable observations, which will
be found introduced among the notes under his initials,
and for the comprehensive index to the text and notes.
The correctness of the printed text has been ensured by
a careful collation made by Mr. Black, whose experience
in these matters has rendered his assistance most valu-
able.
JAMES O. HALLIWELL.
35, Alfred Place, Sept. 18th, 1839.
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WARKWORTH'S CHRONICLE.
As FOR alle thynges that folowe, referre them to my copey, in
whyche is wretyn a remanente lyke to this forseyd werke : that
is to wytt, that, at the coronacyone of the forseyd e Edwarde, he
create and made dukes his two brythir, the eldere George Duke
of Clarence, and his yongere brothir Richard Duke of Gloucetre ;
and the Lord Montagu, the Erie of Warwykes brothere, the Erie
of Northumberlonde ; and one William Stafford squiere, Lord Staf-
forde of Southwyke ; and Sere Herbard, Lorde Herbard, and aftere
Lorde Erie of Penbroke ; and so the seide Lorde Stafforde was
made Erie of Devynschire ; the Lorde Gray Ryffyne, Erie of Kent •
the Lorde Bourchyer, Erie of Essex ; the Lorde Jhon of Bokyng-
ham, the Erie of Wyltschyre; Sere Thomas Blount, knyghte,
Lord Mont[joy] ; Sere Jhon Hawarde, Lorde Hawarde; William
Hastynges he made Lorde Hastynges and grete Chamberlayne ;
and the Lorde Ryvers ; Denham squyere, Lorde Dynham ; and
worthy as is afore schewed ; and othere of gentylmen and yomenne
he made knyghtes and squyres, as thei hade desserved.
And also the fyrst yere of his regne he ordeyried a parleament,
at whiche were atteynted Kynge Kerry and all othere that fledde
with hyrn into Scotlonde oute of Englonde ; and for so moche as he
CAMD, SOC, 10. B
WARKWOBTII S CHRONICLE.
fande in tyme of nede grete comforth in his comyners, he ratyfied
and confermyd alle the fFraunsches yeve to citeis and townes, &c.
and graunted to many cyteis and tonnes new fraunschesses more
than was graunted before, ryghte largly, and made chartours therof
to the entent to have the more good wille and love in his londe.
Also Quene Margrett, Kerry Duke of Excetre, the Duke of So-
mersett, and other lordes that fleede Englonde, hade kepte certeyne
castelles in Northumberlond, as Awnwyk, Bambrught, Dunstone-
brught, and also Werworthe, whiche they hade vytaled and stuffed
bothe with Englischemenne,Frenschemenne,and Scottesmenne ; by
the whiche castelle[s] thei hade the moste party of alle Northumber-
lond. Kynge Edwarde and his counselle, thynkynge and un [der]
stondynge wat hurte myghte appene thereof, made commyssiones to
thesowthe and west cowntre, and hade of them gret money, wyth the
whiche menne made redy, and beseged the same castelle[s] in the
moneth of Decembre in the yere aforseide. And Sere Peris le Bra-
sylle, knyght, of Fraunce, and the best warrer of alle that tyme, was
in Scotlonde to helpe Quene Margaret ; when he knew that the
castelles were besegede, he hade xx M1. of Scottesmenne, and came
toward Alnwyke and alle the other castels. And whenne Kynge
Edwardes hooste had knowlege that Sere Perys.le Brasille with the
Scottesmenne were comynge, thei remewed from the sege and were
affrayed ; and the Scottesche hoost supposed it hade be doone for
some gayne, and thei were affrayed; also thei durst no}t come
neghe the castelle; for and thei hade comyne one boldly, thei
myghte have takyne and distressit alle the lordes and comeners, for
thei hade lye ther so longe in the felde, and were greved with colde
and rayne, that thei hade no coreage to feght, &c. Never the lattere
whenne thei that were in the castelle beseged saw that the sege was
withedraw for fere, and the Scottes host afferde, also thei came
oute of the castelle and lefte them opene, &c. ; and so afterwarde
Kynge Edwardes hoost enterde into alle the hole castelle, and kept
it, &c,
WARKWOltTH S CHRONICLE. 3
And after that, the castelle of Bamburght was yoldene to the
Kynge, by treyatte and apoyntment by Kerry the Duke of Somer-
sett that kept it, and came in to Kynge Edwardes grace, whiche
graunted to hym a Ml. marke by yere, whereof he was not payede ;
the[r]for he departed oute of Englonde after halff yere into
Scotloride, &c. And so Kynge Edward was possessed of alle Eng-
londe, excepte a castelle in Northe Wales called Harlake, whiche
Sere Richard Tunstall kepte, the qwhiche was gotene afterwarde
by the Lorde Harberde.
And in the thyrde yere of the reygne of Kynge Edwarde, and
anno Domini M°.cccc.lxiij, ther was ane fervent froste thrugh Eng-
londe, and snowe, that menne myght goo overe the yise, and a fer-
vent colde. And also ther was holde a parleamente at West-
mynster, in the whiche was graunted to the Kynge ane ayde,
whiche was as moche money as the xv. parte of mennys goodes
and ane halff so myche more, where of the peple grocchede sore*
Also the iiije yere of Kynge Edwarde, the Erie of Warwyke was
sent into Fraunce for a maryage for the Kynge, for one fayre ladye,
suster-doughtere to the Kynge of Fraunce, whiche was concludede
by the Erie of Warwyke. And whiles the seyde Erie of Warwyke
was in Fraunce, the Kynge was wedded to Elisabethe Gray, wedow,
the qwiche Sere Jhon Gray that was hyre housbonde was slayne at
Yorke felde in Kynge Herry partye ; and the same Elisabeth was
doughtere to the Lorde Ryvers ; and the weddynge was prevely in
a secrete place, the fyrst day of Maye the yere above seide. And
when the Erie of Warwyke come home and herde hereof, thenne
was he gretely displesyd withe the Kyng ; and after that rose grete
discencyone evere more and more betwene the Kyng and hym, for
that and other, &c. And thenne the Kyng put oute of the Chaun-
celer-schepp the Bysshope of Excetre, brother to the Erie of War-
wyke, and made the Bysshoppe of Bathe Chaunceler of Englonde.
After that the Erie of Warwyke toke to hyme in fee as many
4 WARKWORTIl's CHRONICLE.
knyghtys, squyers, and gentylmenne as he myght, to be stronge ;
and Kyng Edwarde dide that he myght to feble the Erles powere.
And yett thei were acorded diverse tymes : but thei nevere lofFyd
togedere aftere.
Also in the iiijte yere of the Kynge Edwarde, the monethe of
Maij, the Duke of Somersett, the Lorde Roos, the Lorde Moleyns,
Talboys the Erie of Kyme, Sire Phylippe Wenterworth, Sire
Thomas Fynderne, gadred a grete peple of the northe contre. And
Sere Jhon Nevelle, that tyme beynge Erie of Northumberlonde,
with x. Ml. men come uppon them, and there the comons fleede that
were with them, and ther the forseide lordes were takene and after-
ward behedede. But thenne the Lorde Montagu, the Erie of War-
wykes brothere, whiche the Kynge had made Erie of Northumber-
londe, was myghty and stronge by the same, &c. And for so moche
as the Kynge and his counselle thought that he wolde holde with his
Erie of Warwyke, therfor the Kyng and his counselle made the
countre to desire that thei myght have the ryghtfull heyre Percy,
sonne to Henry Percy that was slayne at Yorke Feld, to be the Erie
of Northumberlorid ; and so it was doone. And aftere this the Kynge
made Lorde Montagu, Marquyus Montagu, and made his sonne
Duke of Bedford, whiche schulde wedde the princesse, the Kynges
heldest doughter, whiche, by possibylite, schuld be Kynge of
Englonde ; and so he hade many fay re wordys and no lorde-
schyppys, but ahvey he promysed he wuld do, &c.
Also the same yere, and the yere of oure Lord Mi.cccc.lxiiij. Kynge
Edwarde chaunged the coyne of Englonde, by whiche he hade grete
getynge ; for he made of ane olde noble a ryall, the whiche was
commaundyde to goo for x.s. ; nevere the latter the same ryolle was
put viij.d. of aley, and so weyed viij.d. more by delaynge ; and
smote hym in to a newe prynte. Also he made of iij.d. a grote ;
and also he [made] angelle noblys of vj.s. viij.d., and by diverse
coynes, to the grete harme of the comene peple,
WARKWORTII S CHRONICLE. 5
Also the same yere, Kynge Kerry was takene bysyde a howse
of religione in Lancaschyre, by the mene of a blacke monke of
Abyngtone, in a wode called Cletherwode, besyde Bungerly Hyp-
pyngstones, by Thomas Talbott, sonne and heyre to Sere Edmunde
Talbot of Basshalle, and Jhon Talbott his cosyne of Colebry, withe
other moo; which e disseyvide, beyngne at his dynere at Wadyngtone
Halle, and caryed to Londone on horse bake, and his lege bownde
to the styrope, and so brought thrugh Londone to the Toure, where
he was kepte longe tyme by two squyres and ij. yomen of the
crowne, and ther menne ; and every manne was suffred to come
and speke withe hym, by licence of the kepers.
And in the vth yere of Kynge Edwarde, the Erie of Oxenforde,
the Lord Abrey his sonne, and Sere Thomas Todenam knyght,
were taken, and brought into the Toure of Londone, and there
was leyde to them hye tresone ; and aftyrwarde thei were brought
before the Erie of Worscetre, and juged by lawe padowe that thei
schuld be hade to the Toure Hylle, where was made a scaffblde of
viij. fote hy3t, and ther was there hedes smyten of, that alle menne
myght see ; whereof the moste peple were sory.
And in the vi. yere of Kynge Edwarde regne, the Lorde Hunger-
forde was takene and behedede for hye treasoune at Salisbury.
And in vij. yere of Kynge Edwarde, Sere Thomas Cooke, Sere
Jhon Plummere, knyght, and aldermenne of Londone, and Hum-
frey Haward and other aldermen were arested, and treasoune
surmysed uppone them, whereof thei were acquyte, but thei lost
grete goodes to the Kynge, to the valowe of xl. M1. marke or
more ; and diverse tymes in dyverse places of Englonde, men
were arestede for treasoune, and some were putt to dethe, and
some scaped.
And the viij. yere of the regne of Kynge Edwarde, a lytelle before
Michaelmasse, there apperyde a blasynge sterre in the weste, a
iiij. fote hyghe by estymacyone, in evenynge, goynge fro the weste
6 WARKWORTH'S CHRONICLE.
(
towarde the northe, and so endurede v. or vj. wekes. And the
same yere Sere Thomas Hungerforde knyght, sonne to the Lorde
Hungerforde, and Kerry Curteney, the Erie of Devynschyre of
right, were takene for treasoune and behedede at Salisbury ; and
menne seyde the Lorde Stafforde of Southwyke was cause of the
seyde Kerry Curtenayes dethe, for he wolde be the Erie of Devyn-
schyre, and so the Kynge made hym afterwarde, and [he] hade it
no}t halff a yere.
And in the ix. yere of the regne of Kynge Edwarde, at mysso-
mere, the Duke of Clarence passede the see to Caleis to the Erie
of Warwyke, and there weddede his doughter by the Arche-
bysshoppe of Yorke the Erie of Warwyke brothere, and afterwarde
come overe ayene. And anone aftere that, by ther assig[n]ment,
there was a grete insurreccyon in Yorkeschyre, of dyvers knyghtes,
squyres, and comeners, to the nowmbere of xxtj M1. ; and Sere
William Conyars knyghte was therre capteyne, whiche callede
hym self Robyne of Riddesdale ; and agens them aroose, by the
Kynges commawndement, Lorde Harbarde, Erie of Penbroke,
withe xliij. M1. of Walschemenrie, the beste in Wales, and Humfray
Stafforde, with vij. Ml. of archers of the weste countre ; and as
thei went togedere to mete the northemenne at a towne, there
felle in a varyaunce for ther logynge, and so the Erie of Deven-
schyre departed from the Erie of Penbroke withe alle his menne.
And Robyne of Riddesdale came uppone the Walschemenne in
a playne byyonde Banbury toune, and ther thei faughthe strongly
togedere, and ther was the Erie of Penbroke takene, and his brother
withe hym, and two M1. Walschmenne slayne, and so the Walsch-
men loste the felde the xxvj. day of Juylle the same yere. The
names of the gentylmen that were slayne of Walsche party in the
samebatelle: — Sere Rogere Vaghan, knyght ; Kerry Organ sonne
and heyre ; Thomas Aprossehere Vaghan, squyere ; William Har-
barde of Breknoke, squyere ; Watkyn Thomas, sonne to Rogere
WARKWORTirS CHRONICLE. 7
Vaghan ; Yvan ap Jhon of Merwyke ; Davy ap Jankyn of Lym-
meryke ; Harry Done ap Pikton ; John Done of Kydwelle ; Ryse
ap Morgon ap Ulston ; Jankyn Perot ap Scottesburght ; John
Eneand of Penbrokeschire ; and Jhon Contour of Herforde. And
of the north party ther was slayrie Sere Kerry Latymere, sonne and
heyre to the Lorde Latymere ; Sere Rogere Pygot, knyghte ; James
Conya[r]s, sonne and heyre to Sere Jhon Conya[r]s, knyght;
Olivere Audley, squyere; Thomas Wakes sonne and heyre; William
Mallerye, squyere ; and many othere comyners, &c. And at that
tyme was the Lorde Ryvers takene, and one of his sonnes, in the
forest of Dene, and brought to Northamtone, and the Erie of Pen-
broke a[nd] Sere Richard Herbarde his brother were behedede at
Northamtone, alle iiij. by the commawndement of the Duke of
Clarence and the Erie of Warwyke ; and Thomas Harbarde was
slayne at Brystow, &c. And at that same tyme was Stafford, that was
Erie of Devynschyre but half a yere, take at Bryggewatere by the
comons ther in Somersettschyre, and ther ryghte behedede. And
after that the Archebysschoppe of Yorke had understondynge that
Kynge Edwarde was in a vilage bysyde Northamptone, and alle his
peple he reysyd were fledde fro hym ; by the avyse of the Duke
of Clarence and the Erie of Warwyke he rode with certeyne hors-
menne harneysed withe hym, and toke Kynge Edwarde, and had
hym unto Warwyke castelle a lytelle whyle, and afterwarde to Yorke
cite ; and ther, by fayre speche and promyse, the Kynge scaped
oute of the Bisshoppys handes, and came unto Londone, and dyd
what hym lykede. And the same yere, the xxix. day of Septembre,
Humfrey Nevylle, knyght, and Charles his brothere, were takene
by the Erie of Warwyke, and behedede at Yorke, the Kynge beynge
present. And in the same yere [was] made a proclamacyone at the
Kynges Benche in Westmynstere, and in the cyte of Londone, and
in alle Englond, a generalle pardone tylle alle manere of men for
alle manere insurreccyons and trespasses j and also a hole xvsim.
8 WARKWOBTH'S CHRONICLE.
schulde be gaderyd and payed that same yere at Martynmasse, and
at oure Lady-Day in Lent after ; whiche noyed the peple, for thei
had payed a lytelle before a gret taske, and the xv. parte of every
mannes good, &c.
And in the x. yere of Kynge Edwardes regne, in the moneth
of Marche, the Lorde Willowby, the Lorde Welles his sonne,
Thomas Delalond knyght, and Sere Thomas Dymmoke knyght,
the Kynges Champyon, drofF oute of Lyncolneschyre Sere
Thomas a Burghe, a knyght of the Kynges howse, and pullede
downe his place, and toke alle his goodes and cataylle that thei
myghte fynde, and thei gaderid alle the comons of the schyre to
the nowmbre of xxx. M1., and cryed " Kynge Kerry/' and refused
Kynge Edwarde. And the Duke of Clarence and the Erie of
Warwyke causede alle this, lyke as thei dyde Robyne of Riddes-
dale to ryse afore that at Banbury felde. And whenne Kynge Ed-
warde herde hereof, he made oute his commyssyons, and gaderyd a
grete peple of menne, and sent his pardone to the Lorde Wyllowby,
and a commaundement that thei schuld come to hym, and so he
dyd. And whenne the Kynge was sure of hym, he and alle his oste
went towarde Lyncolneschyre, the Lord Welles, and alle the othere
peple were gaderd togedere, and commawndede Lorde Wyllowby to
sende a lettere to hys sonne and to alle the peple that he gaderyde,
that thei schulde yelde them to hym as to ther sovereyne Lorde, or
ellys he made a woue that the Lorde Willowby schuld lese his
hede ; and he wrote and sent his lettere forthe, but therfor they
wulde no3t ceysse ; wherfor the Kynge comawndyde the Lorde
Wyllowhby hede for to be smytene of, notwithstondynge his par-
done. And so the Kynge toke his oste and went towarde his ene-
myes, and losyde his gonnys of his ordynaunce uppone them, and
faught with them, and anone the comons fledde away ; but ther was
many manne slayne of Lyncolneschyre, and the Lorde Wellys, Sere
Thomas Delalonde, and Sere Thomas Dymmoke, knyghtys, takene
WARK WORTH'S CHRONICLE. 9
and beheddede. And whenne the Duke of Clarence and the Earl
of Warwike herde the felde was loste, and how there cownselle was
dyscoverede, thei fledde westwarde to the see syde, and toke there
here schippys, and sayled towarde Southamptone, and e[n]tendet
there to have a grete schyppe of the seide Erie of Warwykes,
callyde the Trinite ; but the Lorde Scales, the Queues brother,
was sent thedere by the Kynges commawndement, and other
withe hym, and faught with the seide Duke and Erie, and toke
there dyverse schyppes of theres and many of ther men therein ;
so that the Duke and the Erie were fayne to flee to the Kynge of
Fraunce, where thei were worschipfully receyved. And after this
the Kynge Edwarde came to Southamptone, and commawndede
the Erie of Worcetere to sitt and juge suche menne as were taken
in the schyppes, and so xx. persones of gentylmen and yomenne
were hangede, drawne, and quartered, and hedede ; and after that
thei hanged uppe by the leggys, and a stake made scharpe at bothe
endes, whereof one ende was putt in att bottokys, and the other
ende ther heddes were putt uppe one ; for the whiche the peple
of the londe were gretely displesyd ; and evere afterwarde the Erie
of Worcestre was gretely behatede emonge the peple, for ther
dysordinate dethe that he used, contrarye to the lawe of the londe.
And whenne the seide Duke of Clarence and the Erie of Warwyke
were in Fraunce, there apperede a blasynge sterre in the weste, and
the flame therof lyke a spere hede, the whiche dyverse of the
Kynges house sawe it, whereof thei were fulle sore adrede. And
thanne in Fraunce whenne the seide lordes where, thei toke there
counselle qwhat was beste for to do; and thei coude fynde no
remedy but to sende to Gluene Margaret, and to make a maryage
betwex Prynce Edwarde, Kynge Kerry sonne, and an other of the
seid Erie of Warwikys doughters, whiche was concluded, and in
Fraunce worschippfully wedded. And there it was apoyntede
and acordede that Kynge Kerry schuld rejoyse the kyngdome of
CAMD. SOC. 10. C
10 WARKWORTH S CHRONICLE.
Englonde ageyne, and regne as welle as lie dyd before, and after
hym hys Prynce Edward and his heyres of his body lawfully
begotyne ; and if it appenede that he disceysed witheoute heyres
of his body lawfully gotene, thenne schulde the kyngdome of Eng-
londe, with the lordschyppes of Irlonde, remane unto George, the
Duke of Clarence, and his heyre[s] for evere more. Also it was
apoyncted and agreede that Kerry Duke of Excetre, Edmunde
Duke of Somersett, brother to Herry that was slayne at Hexham
felde, the Erie of Devynschire called Courtnay, and alle othere
knyghtes, squyers, and alle other that were putt oute and atayntede
for Kynges Herry quarrelle, schulde come into Englonde ageyne,
and every man to rejoyse his owne lyflode and inhabytauntes ;
whiche alle this poyntment aforeseide were wrytene, indentyde,
and sealede, bytwixe the seide Quene Margaret, the Prynce hire
sonne, in that one party, and the Duke of Clarence, and the Erie
of Warwik, one that othere party. And moreovere, to make it
sure, thei were sworne, and made grete othys eche to othere, wiche
was done be alle Kynge of Fraunce counselle.
And in the same x. yere aforeseide, a lytelle before Michaelmesse,
the Duke of Clarence and the Erie of Warwyke londede in the
west countre, and gadered there a grete peple. The Lorde
Markes Montagu hade gaderyd vi. Ml. men, by Kynge Edwardes
commysyone and commaundement, to the entente to have re-
cistede the seide Duke of Clarence, and the Erie of Warwyke.
Nevere the lattere, the seide Markes Montagu hatyde the Kynge,
and purposede to have taken hym ; and whenne he was withein a
myle of Kynge Edwarde, he declarede to the peple that was there
gaderede with hym, how Kynge Edwarde hade fyrst yevyne to hym
the erledome of Northumberlonde, and how he toke it from hym
and gaff it Herry Percy, whos fadere was slayne at Yorke felde ;
and how of late tyme hade he made hym Markes of Montagu, and
yaff a pyes neste to mayntene his astate withe : wherefor he yaff
WARKWORTH'S CHRONICLE. 1 1
knoleage to his peple that he wulde holde withe the Erie of War-
wyke, his brothere, and take Kynge Edwarde if he myght, and alle
tho that wolde holde with hym. But anone one of the oste went
oute frome the fellawschippe, and tolde Kynge Edwarde alle manere
of thynge, and bade hyra avoyde, for he was no}t stronge enoghe
to gyffbatayle to Markes Montagu ; and then anone Kynge Edwarde
haysted hym in alle that he myght to the towne of Lynne, and ther
he toke schyppynge one Michaelmesse day, in the x. yere of his
regne, with Lorde Hastynges, that was the Kynges Chamberleyne,
Lorde Say, withe dyverse other knyghtes and squyers, passed and
saylede overe the see into Flaunders, to his brother-in-lawe the
Duke of Burgeyne, for socoure and helpe, &c.
Here is to knowe, that in the begynnynge of the moneth of Oc-
tobre, the yere of oure Lorde a M.cccc.lxx, the Bisshoppe of Wyn-
chestere, be the assent of the Duke of Clarence and the Erie of
Warwyke, went to the toure of Loridone, where Kynge Kerry was
irr presone by Kynge Edwardes commawndement, and there toke
hyme from his kepers, whiche was no3t worschipfully arayed as a
prince, and no}t so clenly kepte as schuld seme suche a Prynce ;
thei hade hym oute, and newe arayed hym, and dyde to hyme grete
reverens, and brought hyme to the palys of Westmynster, and so
he was restorede to the crowne ageyne, and wrott in alle his lettres,
wryttes, and other recordes, the yere of his regne, Anno reyni Regis
Henrici Sexti quadrage&imo nono, et readempcionis sue regie potes-
tatis primo. Whereof alle his goode lovers were fulle gladde. and the
more parte of peple. Nevere the lattere, before that, at he was putt
oute of his reame by Kynge Edwarde, alle Englonde for the more
partye hatyd hym, and were fulle gladde to have a chounge ; and the
cause was, the good Duke of Glouceter was put to dethe, and Jhon
Holonde, Duke of Excetre, poysond, and that the Duke of Suffolke,
the Lorde Say, Danyelle Trevyliane, and other myscheves pepie
that were aboute the Kynge, were so covetouse towarde them selff,
12 WARKWORTH'S CHRONICLE.
and dyde no force of the Kynges honour, ne of his wele, ne of the
comone wele of the londe, where Kynge Herry trusted to them
that thei schuld do, and labour in tyme of innocence evere for the
comone wele, whiche thei dyde contrary to his wille ; and also
Fraunce, Normandy, Gasgoyne, and Guyane was lost in his tyme.
And these were the causes, withe other, that made the peple to gruge
ageyns hym, and alle bycause of his fals lordes, and nevere of hym ;
and the comon peple seyde, yf thei myghte have another Kynge,
he schulde gett alle ageyne and amende alle manere of thynges that
was amysse, and brynge the reame of Englond in grete prosperite
and reste. Nevere the lattere, whenne Kynge Edwarde iiijth regnede,
the peple looked after alle the forseide prosperytes and peece, but
it came not -, but one batayle aftere another, arid moche troble and
grett losse of goodes arnonge the comone peple ; as fyrste, the xv.
of alle there goodes, and thanne ane hole xv., at yett at every batell
to come ferre oute there countreis at ther awne coste ; and these
and suche othere brought Englonde ryght lowe, and many menne
seyd that Kynge Edwarde hade myche blame for hurtynge marchan-
dyse, for in his dayes thei were not in other londes, nore withein
Englonde, take in suche reputacyone and credence as thei were
afore, &c.
And xxvj. day of Novembre, Kynge Herry callede a parleament
at Westmynster,beynge there George the Archebysshoppeof Yorke,
Chaunceler of Englonde, whiche [discussed] this proposicion before
the Kynge and his Lordes and the comons of that same parleament
assemblede, Revertimini ad mejfilii revertentcs, eyo cnim vir tester.
Jeremie tercio,etc. And in the moneth of Februarij after, Herry Duke
of Excetre, Eadmunde Duke of Somersett, Lorde Jhon of Somer-
sett his brothir, Erie of Ormond, Jasper Erie of Penbroke, brother
to the Kynge Herry, and the Erie of Richmonde, with many other
knyghtys, and squyres, gentilmenj and yomen, came into Englonde,
and entered into ther lordschippys and londe, whiche at the parlea-
ment above seide and alle other attaynderes that were made in
WARKWORTH'S CHRONICLE. 13
Kynge Edwardys tyuie were anullede, and Kynge Kerry was
amitted to his crowne and dignite ageyne, and alle his men to there
enherytaunce. And thenne was takene the Erie of Worcetre,
whiche was arested and areynede befor Sere Jhon Veere, the Erie
of Oxenforde, sonne and heyre to the forseide Erie of Oxenforde
whiche was behedede at the Toure Hille, as before wrytene ; and
so the Erie of Worcetre was juged be suche lawe as he dyde to
other menne ; and, whenne he was dede, his body and his hede
was buryede togedyr at the Blacke Frerys in Londone, with alle the
honoure and worschyppe that his frendes coude do. Also Quene
Elisabeth, Kynge Edwardes wyf, wiche hade wells vetelede and
fortifyed the Toure of Londone, when sche herde that here so-
evereyne and husbonde was fledde, sche went secretly oute of the
toure in to sanctuary at Westmynster, with alle here childrenej
and sche hir selff was grete withe childe, and was delyverede ther
ryght of a sonne that was callede Prynce Edwarde of Englonde J
and ther sche abode stylle in grete treble, tylle Kynge Edwarde
came in ageyne tylle hire.
And in the secunde weke of Marche, the xlix. yere of the regne
of Kynge Kerry the vjte, and in the x. yere of the regne of Kynge
Edwarde the iiijte, the same Kynge Edwarde toke his schippynge
in Flaunders, and hade withe hym the Lorde Hastynges and the
Lorde Say, and ix. c. of Englismenne and three hundred of Flem-
mynges with hande-gonnes, and sailed toward Englonde, and hade
grete troble uppon the see with stormys, and lost a schyppe withe
horse ; and purpost to have londede in Northfolke, and one of the
Erie [of] Oxenfordes brother withe the comons of the cuntre arose
up togedere, and put hym abake to the see ageyne. And after
that, at he was so trobled in the see, that he was fayne to londe in
Yorkeschyre at Ravenys-spore ; and there rose ageyns hym alle
the cuntre of Holdernes, whose capteyne was a preste, and a per-
sone in the same cuntre called Sere Jhon Westerdale, whiche aftyr-
warde for his abused disposycion was casten in presone in the
14 WARKWORTH'S CHRONICLE.
Marchalse at Londone by the same Kynge Edwarde : for the same
preste mett Kynge Edwarde and askede the cause of his landynge ;
and he answeryde that he came thedere by the Erie of Northum-
berlondes avyse, and schewede the Erles lettere y-send to hym, &c.
undere his scale ; and also he came for to clayme the Duchery of
Yorke, the whiche was his inherytaunce of ryght, and so passed
forthe to the cite of Yorke, where Thomas Clyfford lete hym inne,
and ther he was examynede ayenne ; and he seyde to the mayre
and aldermenne and to alle the comons of the cite, in likewyse as
he was afore in Holdernes at his landyng : that was to sey, that
[he] nevere wulde clayme no title, ne take uppone honde to be
Kynge of Englonde, nor wulde have do afore that tyme, but be
excitynge and sturing of the Erie of Warwyke j and therto afore
alle peple, he cryed ei A ! Kynge Kerry ! A ! Kynge and Prynce
Edwarde ! " and wered ane estryche feder, Prynce Edwardes
lyvery. And after this he was sufferd to passe the cite, and so
helde his wey south warde, and no man lettyd hym ne hurtyde hym.
Afterwarde that, he came towarde Notyngham, and ther came
to hym Sere William a Stanley with ccc. men, and Sere William
Norys, and dyverse other menne and tenauntes of Lorde Has-
tynges, so that he hade M1. M1. menne and moo ; and anone aftere
he made his proclamacyone, and called hym self Kynge of Englonde
and of Fraunce. Thenne toke he his wey to Leycetre, where
were the Erie of Warwyke and the Lord Markes his brother
with iiij. M!. menne or moo. And Kynge Edwarde sent a mes-
syngere to them, that yf thai wulde come oute, that he wulde
feght withe them. But the Erie of Warwyke hade a letter from
the Duke of Clarence, that he schulde not feght withe hym tylle
he came hym self ; and alle was to the distruccion of the Erie of
Warwyke, as it happenede aftyrwarde. Yet so the Erie of War-
wyke kept stille the gates of the toune schet, and suffrede Kynge
Edwarde passe towarde Londone j and a litelle oute of Warwyke
WARKWORTIl's CHRONICLE. 15
mettthe Duke of Clarence with Kynge Edwarde, with vij. Ml. men,
and ther thei were made acorde, and made a proclamacion forthe-
withe in Kynge Edwardes name ; and so alle covandes of fydelite,
made betwyx the Duke of Clarence, and the Erie of Warwyke,
Quene Margarete, Prince Edwarde hir sonne, bothe in Englonde and
in Fraunce, were clerly brokene and forsakene of the seide Duke of
Clarence ; whiche, in conclusione, was distruccion bothe to hym
and them : for perjury schall nevere have better ende, witheoute
grete grace of God. Vide finem, fyc.
Kyng Kerry thenne was in Londone, and the Archebysshoppe of
Yorke, withein the Bysschoppys of Londone palece. And on the
wennysday next before Ester-day, Kynge Kerry and the Arche-
bysschoppe of Yorke with hym roode aboute Londone, and desirede
the peple to be trew unto hym ; and every manne seide thei wulde.
Nevere the latter, Urswyke, record ere of London e, and diverse alder-
men, suche that hade reule of the cyte, commaundede alle the peple
that were in harnes, kepynge the cite and Kynge Kerry, every manne
to goo home to dynere ; and in dyner tyme Kynge Edwarde was late
in, and so went forthe to the Bisshoppes of Londone palece, and
ther toke Kynge Kerry and the Archebisschoppe of Yorke, and
put theme in warde, the thursday next before Ester-day. And the
Archebysschoppe of Cawnterbury, the Erie of Essex, the Lorde
Barnesse, and suche other as awyde Kynge Edwarde good wylle,
as welle in Londone as in othere places, made as many menne as
thei myghte in strengthynge the seide Kynge Edwarde ; so then
he was a vij. M1. menne, and ther thei refresched welle them self
alle that day, and good frydai. And upone Ester evyne, he and
alle his oste went toward Barnett, and caryede Kynge Kerry withe
hym : for he hade understondyng that the Erie of Warwycke and
the Duke of Excetre, the Lorde Markes Montagu, the Erie of
Oxenforde, and many other knyghtes, squyers, and comons, to the
nombre of xx. M1., were gaderide togedere to feghte ageyne Kyngo
16 WARKWORTH'S CHRONICLE.
Edwarde. But it happenede that he withe his oste were en-
terede into the toune of Barnet, before the Erie of Warwyke and
his host. And so the Erie of Warwyke and his host lay witheoute
the towne alle nyght, and eche of them loosede gonnes at othere,
alle the nyght. And on Ester day in the mornynge, the xiiij. day
of Apryl, ryght erly, eche of them came uppone othere ; and ther
was suche a grete myste, that nether of them myght see othere
perfitely; ther thei faughte, from iiij. of clokke in the mornynge
unto x. of clokke the fore-none. And dyverse tymes the Erie of
Warwyke party hade the victory, and supposede that thei hade
wonne the felde. But it hapenede so, that the Erie of Oxenfordes
men hade uppon them ther lordes lyvery, bothe before and behynde,
which was a sterre withe stremys, wiche [was] myche lyke Kynge
Edwardes lyvery, the sunne with stremys ; and the myste was so
thycke, that a manne myghte not profytely juge one thynge from
anothere ; so the Erie of Warwikes menne schott and faughte ay ens
the Erie of Oxenfordes menne, wetynge and supposynge that thei
hade bene Kynge Edwardes menne ; and anone the Erie of Oxen-
forde and his menne cryed " treasoune ! treasoune !" and fledde
awaye from the felde withe viij. c. menne. The Lorde Markes
Montagu was agreyde and apoyntede with Kynge Edwarde, and put
uppone hym Kynge Edwardes lyvery ; and a manne of the Erles of
Warwyke sawe that, and felle uppone hyme, and kyllede hym.
And whenne the Erie of Warwyke sawe his brothere dede, and
the Erie of Oxenforde fledde, he lepte one horse-backe, and
flede to a wode by the felde of Barnett, where was no waye
forthe ; and one of Kynge Edwardes menne hade espyede hyme,
and one came uppone hym and kylled hym, and dispolede hyme
nakede. And so Kynge Edwarde gate that felde. And ther was
slayne of the Erie of Warwykes party, the Erie hym self, Markes
Montagu, Sere William Tyrelle, knyghte, and many other. The
Duke of Excetre faugth manly ther that day, and was gretely
WARKWORTll's CHRONICLE. 17
despolede and woundede, and lefte nakede for dede in the felde,
and so lay ther from vij. of clokke tille iiij. after none ; whiche was
take up and brought to a house by a manne of his owne ; and a
leche brought to hym, and so afterwarde brought in to sancuarij
at Westmynster. And one Kynge Edwardes party was slayne the
Lorde Crowmwelle, sonne and heyre to the Erie of Essex, Lord
Barnes sonne and heyre, Lorde Say, and dyverse other, to the
nombre (of bothe partys) iiij. Ml. menne. And after that the
felde was don, Kynge Edwarde commaundyd bothe the Erie of
Warwikes body and the Lord Markes body to be putt in a carte,
and returned hym with alle his oste ageyne to Londone ; and
there commaundede the seide ij. bodyes to be layede in the chyrche
of Paulis, one the pavement, that every manne myghte see them ;
and so they lay iij. or iiij. days, and afterwarde where buryede.
And Kynge Kerry, beynge in the forwarde durynge the bataylle,
was not hurt ; but he was broughte ageyne to the Toure of Lon-
done, ther to be kept.
And Quene Marget, and Prince Edwarde hire sonne, with other
knygtes, squyres, and other menne of the Kyng of Fraunce, hade
navy to brynge them to Englond : whiche, whenne thei were schip-
ped in Fraunce, the wynde was so contrary unto them xvij. dayes
and nyghtes, that [thei] myght not come from Normandy with un-
to Englonde, whiche withe a wynd myght have seylede it in xij.
oures ; whiche at the xvij. dayes ende one Ester day at the evyne
the[i] landed at Weymouthe, and so by lande from Weymouthe
the[i] roode to Excetre; and mette withe hire, at Weymouth,
Edmunde Duke of Somersett, the Lorde Jhon his brother, brother
to Kerry Duke of Somerset slayne at Exham, and Curteney the
Erie of Devynschyre, and many othere. And on Ester mounday
was brought tithingys to them, that Kynge Edwarde hade wonne
the felde at Barnett, and that Kynge Kerry was put into the
Toure ayene. And anone ryghte thei made oute commaunde-
mentes, in the Quenes name and the Prynce, to alle the weste
CAMD. SOC. 10. D
18 WARKWORTH'S CHRONICLE.
countre, and gaderet grete peple, and kepte hire wey towarde the
toune of Brystow. And when the Kynge herd that thei were
landede, and hade gaderede so myche peple, he toke alle his hoste,
and went oute of Londone the wennysday in Ester weke, and
manly toke his waye towarde them ; and Prynce Edwarde herd
therof ; he hastede hym self and alle his oste towarde the towne
of Glouceter, but he enteryd no3t into the towne, but held forthe
his wey to the towne of Teukesbury, and ther he made a felde
1103 1 ferre from the ryver of Saverne ; and Kynge Edwarde and
his oste came uppone hym, the Saturday the fourth day of Maij,
the yere aforeseide of oure Lorde a Ml. cccclxxj., and the xj yere
of Kynge Edwarde. And Edmunde Duke of Somersett, and Sere
Hugh Curteneye, went oute of the felde, by the whiche the felde
was broken ; and the moste parte of the peple fledde awaye from
the Prynce, by the whiche the feld was loste in hire party.
And ther was slayne in the felde, Prynce Edward, whiche cryede
for socoure to his brother-in-lawe the Duke of Clarence. Also
ther was slayne, Curteney the Erie of Devynschyre, the Lorde
Jhon of Somersett, the Lorde Wenloke, Sere Edmunde Hampden,
Sere Robart Whytyngham, Sere William Vaus, Sere Nicholas
Hervy, Sere Jhon Del vis, Sere William Feldynge, Sere Thomas
Fiztharry, Sere Jhon Leukenore, knyghtes ; and these were taken
and behedede afterwarde, where the Kynge hade pardoned them
in the abbey cherche of Teukesbury, by a prest that turnyd oute
at his messe and the sacrament in his handys, whanne Kynge
Edwarde came with his swerde into the chirche, requyrede hyme
by the vertu of the sacrament that he schulde pardone alle tho
whos names here folowe ; the Duke of Somersett, the Lorde of
Seynt Jhones, Sere Humfrey Audeley, Sere Gervis of Clyftone,
Sere William Gremyby, Sere William Gary, Sere Thomas Tres-
ham, Sere William Newbrugh, knyghtes, Herry Tresham, Walter
Curtenay, Jhon Florey, Lowes Myles, Robart Jacksone, James
Gowere, James Delvis, sonne and heire to Sere Jhon Delvis;
WABKWOBTH'S CHRONICLE. 19
whiche, uppone trust of the Kynges pardone yevene in the same
chirche the Saturday, abode ther stille, where thei myght have
gone and savyd ther lyves; whiche one monday aftere were
behedede, no3twhitstondynge the Kynges pardone. And afterward
these ladyes were takene, — Quene Margaret, Prynce Edwardes wyf,
the secunde dowghtere of the Erie of Warwykes, the Countasse
of Devynschire, Dame Kateryne Vaus. And these were taken, and
no}t slayne ; Sere Jhon Fortescu, Sere Jhon Sentlow, Sire Kerry
Roos, Thomas Ormonde, Doctour Makerell, Edward Fulforde,
Jhon Parkere, Jhon Bassett, Jhon Wallys, Jhon Thromere Throg-
mertone, and dyverse other men. And there was takene grete good,
and many good horse that were brought frome beyond the see.
And in the same tyme that the batelle of Teukesbury was, Sere
Watere Wrotty[sjle and Geffrei Gate, knygtes of the Erie of
Warwykes, were governors of the towne of Caleys, dide sende Sere
George Broke knyghte oute of Caleys, with ccc. of soudyours unto
Thomas Bastarde Fakynebrygge, that was one the see with the Erie
of Warwykes navy, that he schulde the navy save, and goo into
Kent, and to reyse alle Kent, to that entente to take Kynge Kerry
oute of the toure and distroye Kyng Edwarde, yf he myghte ; whiche
Bastarde came into Kent, to Caunturbury, and he, withe helpe of
other gentylmenne, thei reysed up alle Kent, and came to Londone
the v. day of Maij the yere aforeseide. But thenne the Lorde Scales,
that Kynge Edwarde hade lefte to kepe the cyte, with the Meyre and
Aldermen, wulde no}t suffre the seid Bastarde to come into the cite j
for thei had understondynge that Prince Edwarde was dede, and alle
his hoste discomfytede : wherefor the Bastarde loosede his gonnes
into the citee, and brent at Algate and at Londone brygge ; for the
whiche brynnynge, the comons of Londone where sore wrothe, and
gretely mevyd ayens them : for and thei had no3t brent, the comons
of the cyte wuide have leett them in, magre of the Lorde Scales
hede, the Mayre and alle his brethyr. Wherefor the Bastarde and
alle his hoste went overe at Kyngstone Brygge, x. myle westwarde,
20 WARKWORTH'S CHRONICLE.
and hade purposed to have distruyt Kynge Edwarde, or to have
dryve hym oute of the londe. And if the Bastarde hade holde forthe
his way, Kynge Edwarde be possibilyte coude no3t be powere
haf recisted the Bastarde; for the Bastarde hade moo then
xx. M1. goode men welle harnessede, and evere as he went the
peple felle to hym. The Lorde Scales, and dyverse othere of
Kynge Edwardes counselle that were in Londone, sawe that the
Bastarde and his oste went westwarde, and that it schuld be a
grettere juperdy to Kynge Edwarde thenne was Barnet felde or
Teukesbury felde, (in so moche when the felde of Teukesbury
was done, his oste was departede from ;) wherefor thei promysed
to the Bastarde, and to dyverse other that were aboute hym,
and in especyalle to one Nicholas Fauntt, Meyre of Caunter-
bury, that he schulde entret hym to turne homwarde ageyn. And
for as myche as fayre wordes and promyses makes fooles fayne, the
Bastarde commaundede alle his oste to turne to Blakhethe ageyn ;
whiche was distruccion of hyme self and many othere ; for anone
after, by the Duke of Gloucetre in Yorkeschyre, the seide Bastarde
was behedede, no3twithstondynge he hade a chartere of pardone ;
and Nicholas Fauntt was afterward hangede, drawene, and quar-
terede in Caunterbury. And whene the Bastarde and alle his oste
were come to the Blakheth ageyne, in the next mornynge he withe
the soudyours and schypmen of Caleis, to the nombre of yj. c.
horsemen, stole awaye frome the oste and roode to Rouchester, and
frome thens to Sandwyche, where the Bastard abode the Kynges
comynge, and the soudyours saylede overe see to Caleys. And
whenne the oste understode that ther Capteyne was stole from
them, thei kepte them togedere alle a day and a nyght, and thanne
every manne departede to his owne howse. And when Kynge
Edward herde thereof, he was gladde, &c.
Here is to knowe that Kynge Edwarde made oute commyssyons
to many schyres of Englonde ; whiche in a x. dayes ther came to
hym, where he was, to the nowmbre of xxx. M1., and came
WARKWORTH'S CHRONICLE. 21
withe the Kynge to Londone, and ther he was worschipfully re-
ceyvid. And the same nyghte that Kynge Edwarde came to Lon-
done, Kynge Kerry, beynge inwarde in presone in the Toure of
Londone, was putt to dethe, the xxj. day of Maij, on a tywesday
nyght, betwyx xj. and xij. of the cloke, beynge thenne at the Toure
the Duke of Gloucetre, brothere to Kynge Edwarde, and many
other ; and one the morwe he was chestyde and brought to Paulys,
and his face was opyne that every manne myghte see hyme ; and
in hys lyinge he bledde one the pament ther ; and afterward at
the Blake Fryres was broughte, and ther he blede new and fresche ;
and from thens he was caryed to Chyrchesey abbey in a bote, and
buryed there in oure Lady chapelle. On the morwe that the
Kynge was come to Londone, for^the goode servyse that Londone
hade done to hym, he made knyghtes of the Aldermenne, Sere
Jhon Stokstone, Sire Rauf Verney, Sere Richard Lee, Sere Jhon
Yonge, Sere William Tayliour, Sere George Irlande, Sere Jhon
Stokere, Sere Mathew Philyppe, Sere William Hamptone, Sere
Thomas Stalbroke, Sere Jhon Crosby, Sere Thomas Urswike,
Recordere of Londone. And after that, the Kynge and alle his
oste roode into Kent to Caunterbury, where many of the countre
that where at Blakhethe withe the Bastarde, were arestede and
brought befor hym ; and ther was harigyd, drawene, and quarteryd,
one Fauntt of Caunterbury, that was lovynge to the Erie of
Warwyke ; whyche entreytede the Bastarde for to departe frome
his oste ; and many dyverse menne of the cuntre were hanged
and put to dethe. Aftere that, the Kynge roode unto Sanwyche,
and beside alle the Erie of Warwykes navy there, that the
Bastarde hade reule of, and toke the Bastard withe hyme, and
returned ageyne to Londone. And immediatly after that was the
Lorde Denham and Sere Jhon Fog and dyverse othere made com-
myssioners, that satt uppone alle Kent, Sussex, and Esex, that
were at the Blakhethe, and uppone many othere that were no}t
there; for some manne payed cc. marke, some a c. pownde, and some
22 WARKWORTH'S CHRONICLE.
more and some lesse, so that it coste the porest manne vij. s.
whiche was no3t worthe so myche, but was fayne to selle suche
clothinge as thei hade, and borowede the remanent, and laborede
for it aftyrwarde ; and so the Kynge hade out of Kent myche goode
and lytelle luff. Lo, what myschef groys after insurreccion ! &c. r
And in [the] same xj. yere of the Kynge, in the begynnynge of
of Januarij, there apperyd the moste mervelous blasynge sterre
that hade bene seyne. It aroose in the southe este, at ij. of the
cloke at mydnyghte, and so contynuede a xij. nyghtes ; and it
arose ester and ester, tille it aroose fulle este ; and rather, and
rather ; and so whenne it roose playne est, it rose at x. of cloke
in the nyght, and kept his cours flamynge westwarde overe Eng-
londe ; and it hade a white flaume of fyre fervently brennynge, and
it flammede endlonges fro the est to the weste, and no3t upryght,
and a grete hole therin, whereof the flawme came oute of. And
aftyre a vj. or vij. dayes, it aroose north-est, and so bakkere and
bakkere; and so enduryd a xiiij. nyghtes, fulle lytelle chaungynge,
goynge from the north-este to the weste, and some tyme it wulde
seme aquenchede oute, and sodanly it brent fervently ageyne.
And thenne it was at one tyme playne northe, and thenne it
compassede rounde aboute the lodesterre, for in the evynynge the
blase went ageyns the southe, and in the mornynge playne northe,
and thenne afterwarde west, and so more west, flaumyng up
ryghte; and so the sterre contynuede iiij. wekys, tylle the xx. day
of Feveryere ; and whenne it appered vest in the fyrmament, thenne
it lasted alle the nyghte, somewhat discendyng withe a grettere
smoke one the heyre. And some menne seyde that the blassynges
of the seide sterre was of a myle length. And a xij. dayes afore the
vanyschynge therof, it apperery din the evynynge, and was downe
anone within two oures, and evyr of a colour pale stedfast ; and it
kept his course rysynge west in the northe, and so every nyght,
it apperide lasse and lasse tylle it was as lytelle as a hesylle styke j
and so at the laste it waneschede away the xx.day of Februarij. And
WARKWORTH'S CHRONICLE. 23
some menne saide that this sterre was seene ij. or iij. cures afore the
sunne rysynge in Decembre, iiij. days before Crystynmasse, in the
south-west ; so by that reasoune it compassed rounde abowte alle
the erthe, alle way chaungynge his cours, as is afore reherside.
And in the xij. yere of Kynge Edwarde, he lete calle a parleament
to be holdene at Westmynstere, the qwhiche beganne the viij. day
after Michaelmasse the same yere ; in qwiche parleament was a
generalle resumpcion of alle lordschippes, tenamentes, and other
possesions and feys grawntede be the Kynge, frome the fyrst day
of his regne unto the day aforeseid. Also ther was grauntyde, in
the same parleamente, that the x. parte of every mannys good,
londes, tenamentes, rentys, and feys, thrugheoute alle Englonde,
the valowe therof as for a yere ; and also a hole quynsyme
amonge the comons, to be reysede, of goodes and catelle ; and
also Ij. Ml. vij. c. K. of money to be raysed, of alle mennys londes,
goodes, and other possessions within the reame of Englonde. Also
ther was grawntede to the Kynge by the spiritualte, in a con-
vocacion two dymes and prestes markes thurghtoute alle Eng-
londe : whiche alle was grauntede by the desyre of the Kyng, for
he seide he wuld overe see and conquere his right and title in
Fraunce, Normandy, Gascoyne, and Guyane.
Also in xiij. yere of Kynge Edwarde, ther was a gret hote somere,
bothe for manne and beste ; by the whiche ther was gret dethe of
menne and women, that in feld in harvist tyme men fylle downe
sodanly, and unyversalle feveres, axes, and the blody flyx, in
dyverse places of Englonde. And also the hete was so grete, that
it brent awey whete and alle other greynis and gresse, in southe
partyes of the worlde, in Spayne, Portyngale, Granade, and othere,
&c. that a bowsshelle of whete was worthe xx. s ; and menne
were fayne in that cuntre to yeve away there childeryne for to
fynde them. But, blessede be Almyghty God, no suche derthe was
in Englonde, ne in Fraunce.
Also in the same yere Woniere watere ramie hugely, withe suche
24 WARKWORTH'S CHRONICLE.
abundaunce of watere, that nevyr manne sawe it renne so moche
afore this tyme. Womere is callede the woo watere : for Englysch-
men, whenne thei dyd fyrst inhabyde this lond, also sone as thei see
this watere renne, thei kriewe wele it was a tokene of derthe, or of
pestylence, or of grete batayle ; wherefor thei callede it Womere ;
(for we as in Englysche tonge woo, and mere is called watere,
whiche signyfieth woo-watere :) for alle that tyme thei sawe it renne,
thei knewe welle that woo was comynge to Englonde. And this
Wemere is vij. myle frome Sent Albons, at a place callede Marka-
yate ; and this Wemere ranne at every felde afore specifyede, and
nevere so hugely as it dyd this yere, and ranne stylle to the xiij. day
of June next yere folowynge. Also ther has ronne dyverse suche
other wateres, that betokenethe lykewyse ; one at Lavesham in
Kent, and another byside Canturbury called Naylborne, and another
at Croydone in Suthsex, and another vij. myle a this syde the castelle
of Dodley, in the place called Hungerevale ; that whenne it be-
tokenethe batayle it rennys foule and trouble watere ; and whenne
betokenythe derthe or pestylence, it rennyth as clere as any watere,
but this yere it ranne ryght trouble and foule watere, &c. Also
ther is a pytte in Kent, in Langley Parke : ayens any batayle he
wille be drye, and it rayne nevere so myche ; and if ther be no
batayle towarde, he wille be fulle of watere, be it nevyre so drye
a wethyre ; and this yere he is drye, &c. Also this same yere,
ther was a voyce cryenge in the heyre, betwyx Laicetere and
Bambury, uppon Dunmothe, and in dyverse othere places, herde
a long tyme cryinge, " Bowes ! Bowes !" whiche was herde of xl.
menne ; and some menne saw that he that cryed soo was a hedles
manne ; and many other dyverse tokenes have be schewede in
Englonde this yere, for amendynge of mennys lyvynge.
Also this yere, or a lytelle before, George the Archebysshoppe of
Yorke, and brother to the Erie of Warwyke, was withe Kynge Ed-
warde at Wynsoure, and huntede, and hade there ryghte good chere,
and supposid he hade stonde in grete favour with the Kynge : for the
WARKWORTH S CHRONICLE. 25
Kynge seid to the sayde Archebyschope that he wuld come for to
hunte and disporte withe hyme in his manere at Moore ;
whereof he was ryghte glade, and toke his leve and went home
to make purvyaunce therfore; and fett oute of Londone, and
dyverse other places, alle his plate and othere stuffe that he hade
hyde after Barnet felde and Teukysbury feld ; and also borowede
more stuff of other menne, and purveyde for the Kynge for two or
iij. dayes for mete and drynke and logynge, and arayed as rychely
and as plesauntly as he coude. And the day afore the Kynge
schulde have comyne to the Archebysshoppe, to the seid manere
of Moore, whiche the saide Archebisshoppe hade purchasshed and
byllede it ryghte comodiusly and plesauntly, the Kynge send a
gentylman to the seide Archebisshoppe, and commaundyd him to
come to Wyndsoure to hyme ; and asone as he came he was arested
and apeched of hye treysone, that he schuld helpe the Erie of
Oxenforde ; and anone ryght he was put to warde. And forthe-
withe Sere William of Parre, knyghte, and Thomas Vaghan, squyre,
withe othere many dyverse gentilmenne and yomen, were sent to
the seide manere of Moore ; and ther by the Kynges comawnde-
ment seysede the seid manere into the Kynges handes, and
alle the good that was therin, whiche was worthe xx. MI. u. or
more, and alle other lordschippes and landes that the seid bysshoppe
hade withein Englonde, and alle his stuff and rychesse withein
alle his lordschippes ; and sent the same bisschoppe overe the see
to Caleis, and from thens to the castelle of Hammys, and ther he
was kepte presonere many a day ; and the Kynge alle that seasone
toke the prophete of the Archebysshopperyche, &c. And anone
after the Kynge brake the seyd Archebysschoppes mytere, in
the whiche were fulle many ryche stones and preciouse, and
made therof a croune for hyme self. And alle his other juels,
plate, and stuff, the Kynge gaff it to his eldest sonne and heyre
Prynce Edward: for the sayd Archebisshoppe hade be Chaun-
selere of Englond many dayes, and he and his brotheres hade
CAMD. soc. 10. E
26 WARKWORTH'S CHRONICLE.
the reule of the lande, and hade gaderyde grete rychesse many
yeres, whiche in one day was lost ; and alle be the hye jugement
of ryghtwisnes (as many manne seide be hym) for his grete cove-
tousenes, and had no pyte of Kynge Harry menne, and was cause of
many mannys undoynge for Kynge Edward ys sake, if he myghte
gete any good by hym. Wherefore suche goodes as were gaderide
with synne, were loste with sorwe. And also menne supposid for
cause he was duble to Kynge Kerry, and kepte hym in Londone,
where he wulde a be at Westmynstere, he hade a lettere send frome
Kynge Edward to kepe hym oute of sanctuary, and he hade his
charture send hym ; where he had be a trewe manne to Kynge
Kerry, as the comons of Londone were, Kynge Edward hade not
comene into Londone afore Barnet felde, &c.
Also in the xiij. yere of [the] regne of Kynge Edwarde, Sere Jhon
Veere, Erie of Oxenforde, that withdrewe hym frome Barnet felde,
and rode into Scottlonde, and frome thens into Fraunce asailed,
and ther he was worschipfully received. And in the same yere he
was in the see withe certeyne schippes, and gate grete good and
rychesse, and afterewarde came into westecountre, and, with a
sotule poynte of werre, gate and enteryd Seynt Michaels Mount
in Cornwayle, a stronge place and a mygty, and can no3t be
geett yf it be wele vytaled withe a fewe menne to kepe hit ; for xx*J.
menne may kepe it ageyne alle the world. So the seyde Erie, withe
xx*i. score menne save iij, the last day of Septembre the yere afore
seyd, enteryd fyrst into [the] seyd mount, and he and his menne
came doune into cuntre of Cornwale, and hade riyhte good chere of
the comons, &c. The Kynge and his counselle sawe that therof
myche harme myght growe, &c. ; comawndyd Bodrygan, scheff
reulere of Cornwayle, to besege the seid mount. And so he dyd ; and
every day the Erie of Oxenfordes menne came doune undere trewis,
spake with Bodrynghan and his menne; and at thelaste the seid Erie
lacked vytayle, and the seyde Bodrygan suffryd hyme to be vytailed ;
and anone the Kynge was put in knowlache therof ; wherefor the
WARKWORTH'S CHRONICLE. 27
seide Bodrygan was discharged, and Richard Fortescu, squyere for
the body, by auctoryte of the Kynge, toke uppone honde to lay
sege to the forseide mount, &c. And so gret dyversione roose
betwyx Bodrygan and Fortescu, whiche Fortescu was schreve of
Cornwayle, &c.; and the seide Fortescu leyed sege, &c. the xx. xiijli.
day of Decembre the yere aforseide; and for the most party
every day eche of theme faughte withe othere, and the seide
Erles menne kylled dyverse of Fortescu menne ; and som tyme
whenne thei hade welle y-foughte, thei wulde take a trewis for one
day and a night, and some tyme for two or thre dayes, &c. In the
whiche trewes eche one of them spake and comaunde with other.
The Kynge and his counselle sent unto dyverse that were with
the Erie of Oxenforde prevely there pardones, and promysede to
them grete yeftes and landes and goodes, by the whiche dyverse
of them were turned to the Kynge ayens the Erie ; and so in
conclusione the Erie hade no3t passynge ane viij. or ix. menne
that wolde holde withe hym ; the whiche was the undoynge of
the Erie. For ther is proverbe and a seyenge, that a castelle
that spekythe, and a womane that wille here, thei wille be gotene
bothe : for menne that bene in a castelle of warr, that wille speke
and entrete withe ther enemyes, the conclusione therof [is] the
losynge of the castelle ; and a womanne that wille here foly spokyne
unto hyre, if sche assent no3t at one tyme, sche wille at another.
And so this proverbe was prevede trewe by the seide Erie of Oxen-
forde, whiche was fayne to yelde up the seyde mount, and put hyme
in the Kynges grace ; if he hade no3t do so, his owne menne wulde
have brought hym oute. And so Fortescu enterd into the seyd
mount, the xv. day of February, the yere afore sayde, in the whiche
was vytayle enogh tylle midsomere aftere. And so was the Erie
aforseyd, the Lorde Bemonde, two brotheres of the seide Erles,
and Thomas Clyfforde, brought as a presonere to the Kynge;
and alle was donne by ther oune foly, &c.
29
NOTES.
P. 1, /. 1. — The Warkworth Chronicle, in Bernard's Catalogue of
the Peterhouse manuscripts, taken from James's Eclogae, is num-
bered— 230. It may be as well to observe that John Bagford men-
tions a contemporary Chronicle in English MS. of the events of the
commencement of Edward's reign, in MS. Tann. Bodl. 453.
/. 3. — At the coronacyonc. King Edward was crowned in West-
minster Abbey, on the 29th of June 1461. Warkworth's first passage
is both imperfect and incorrect, and would form a very bad specimen
of the value of the subsequent portions of his narrative ; yet we find
it transferred to the Chronicle of Stowe. It must, however, be re-
garded rather as a memorandum of the various creations to the peer-
age made during Edward's reign, than as a part of the chronicle.
Not even the third peerage mentioned, the Earldom of Northum-
berland, was conferred at the Coronation, but by patent dated 27
May 1464: and the only two Earldoms bestowed in Edward's first
year (and probably at the Coronation) were, the Earldom of Essex,
conferred on Henry Viscount Bourchier, Earl of Eu in Normandy,
who had married the King's aunt, the Princess Isabel of York ; and
the Earldom of Kent, conferred on William Neville, Lord Faucon-
berg, one of King Edward's generals at Towton. The former crea-
tion is mentioned by Warkworth lower down in his list ; the latter is
omitted altogether. — J. G. N.
1. 6. — The Lord Montagu. " And then Kyng Edward, conci-
dering the greate feate doon by the said Lord Montagu, made hym
Erie of Northumberlond ; and in July next folowyng th'Erle of
Warwyk, with th'ayde of the said Erie of Northumberland, gate
30 NOTES.
agayn the castell of Bamborugh, wheryn was taken Sir Raaf Gray,
which said Ser Raaf was after hehedid and quartred at York. Also,
in this yere, the first day of May, the Kyng wedded Dame Elizabeth
Gray, late wif unto the lord Gray of Groby, and doughter to the
Lord Ryvers." — The London Chronicle, MS. Cotton. Vitell. A. xvi.
fol. 126, r°. The MS. of the London Chronicle, from which Sir
Harris Nicolas printed his edition, does not contain this passage. It
is almost unnecessary to remark the chronological incorrectness of the
above, but it serves to show how carelessly these slight Chronicles
were compiled. Cf. MS. Add. Mus. Brit. 6113, fol. 192, r<>. and
MS. Cotton. Otho, B. xiv. fol. 221, r«.
P. 1, /. 9.— Lord Erie of Pembroke. William Lord Herbert of Chep-
stow, the first of the long line of Herbert Earls of Pembroke, was so
created the 27th May 1468. His decapitation by the Duke of Clarence
at Northampton in 1469, is noticed by Warkworth in p. 7. — J. G. N.
/. 10. — Erie of Devynschire. Humphery Stafford, created
Baron Stafford of Southwick by patent 24th April 1464, was ad-
vanced to the Earldom of Devon 7th May 1469 ; but beheaded by
the commons at Bridgwater before the close of the same year, as re-
lated by Warkworth, ubi supra. — J. G. N.
I IZ.—Erle of Wyltschyre. John Stafford, created Earl of
Wiltshire, 5th Jan. 1470; he died in 1473.— J. G. N.
The Lorde Gray Ry/yne, Erie of Kent. The Earl of Kent, of the
family of Neville, died without male issue, a few months after his
elevation to that dignity ; and it was conferred on the 30th May
1465, on Edmund Lord Grey de Ruthyn, on occasion of the Queen's
coronation. He was cousin-german to Sir John Grey, of Groby,
the Queen's first husband. On the same occasion the Queen's son
Sir Thomas Grey was created Marquess of Dorset ; her father
Richard Wydevile lord Ryvers was advanced to the dignity of Earl
Ryvers ; and her brother Anthony married to the heiress of Scales,
in whose right he was summoned to Parliament as a Baron. — J. G. N.
Ibid. — Sere Thomas Blount. This should be Waller, created Lord
Montjoy 20th June 1465 ; he died in 1474.— J. G. N.
NOTES. 31
P. 1, /. 13. — Sere Jhon Hawarde, Lord Hawarde. This peerage
dates its origin, by writ of summons to Parliament, during the short
restoration of Henry VI. in 1470, a circumstance more remarkable
as " evidence exists that he did not attach himself to the interest of
that Prince, being constitued by Edward, in the same year, comman-
der of his fleet." See Sir Harris Nicolas's memoir of this distinguished
person (afterwards the first Duke of Norfolk) in Cartwright's His-
tory of the Rape of Bramber, p. 189. — J. G. N.
/. 18. — He ordeyned a parleament. This was in November.
/. 19. — At whiche uere atteynted Kynge Henry. The act for the
attainder of Henry is not printed in the authentic edition of the
Statutes of the Realm, published by the Commissioners for the
Public Records, but occurs on the Rolls of Parliament, vol. v. pp.
476 — 82. Cf. MS. Ashm. 21, and 862, xxxv ; Cottons Abridgment,
pp. 670 — 1 ; Fcedera, xi. 709. " Ubi indutati et atteyntati sunt Hen-
ricus, vocatus nuper Rex Anglic, cum Margareta* consore sua, duces
et Somerset et Excetre, cum aliis militibus et nobilibus ad numerum
quasi centum personarum." MS. Arundel, Coll. Arm. 5, fol. 169, r°.
Cf. W. Wyrcestre Annales, pp. 490—2.
P. 2, 1. 3. — New Fraunschesses. Cf. MS. Bib. Cantuar. 51.
/. 6. — Also Quene Margrett. This was in the year 1462. To-
wards the end of the year Edward appears to have made a tour to the
West of England, perhaps for the purpose of seeing how the country
was disposed towards him : — " Deinde Rex Edwardus, Cantuariam
peregre profectus, paries nieridionales pertransiit, ubi Willielmum
Episcopum Wintonie de manibus querentium animam ejus eripuit,
insectatores suos graviter redarguit, et eorum capitaneos carcerali
custodi emancipavit. Bristollie apperians, a civibus ejus cum max-
* I find, however, in the Pipe Roll of 1 Edw. IV. an entry of .£21. 13s. for property
at Bristol to " Margareta nuper dicta Regina Angliae," granted to her by Edward ; this
property, it appears, formerly belonged to Queen Johanna, and " per dominum Regem
nunc concess' in partem recompensacionis."
32 NOTES.
imo gaudio honoratissimk receptus est." — MS. Arundel, Coll. Arm.
5, fol. 169, r«. This Chronicle in the College of Arms was first used,
as far as I know, for an historical purpose, in a MS. note in a copy
of Carte's History of England in the Bodleian Library, where it is
referred to on the important testimony of the death of Henry VI.
Mr. Black quotes it in the Excerpta Historica, but its value does not
appear to be fully appreciated by that author ; it is the diary of a
contemporary writer on the side of the House of York, and extends
to the execution of the Bastard of Fauconberg, and Edward's cele-
bration of the feast of Pentecost which took place immediately
afterwards.
The following very curious account of the pageant which received
Edward at Bristol is from a MS. in Lambeth Palace, N°. 306, fol.
132, r°. I am indebted for it to the Rev. S. R. Maitland, F.R.S.,
Librarian to the Archbishop of Canterbury, who had the extreme
kindness, at my request, to send me a transcript.
" The receyvyng of Kyng Edward the iiijth. at Brystowe.
" First, at the comyng inne atte temple gate, there stode Wylliam
Conquerour, with iij. lordis, and these were his wordis : —
' Wellcome Edwarde ! oure son of high degre ;
Many yeeris hast thou lakkyd owte of this londe —
I am thy forefader, Wylliam of Normandye,
. To see thy welefare here through Goddys sond.'
" Over the same gate stondyng a greet Gyant delyveryng the keyes.
" The Receyvyng atte Temple Crosse next following ; —
" There was Seynt George on horsbakke, uppon a tent, fyghtyng
with a dragon ; and the Kyng and the Quene on hygh in a castell,
and his doughter benethe with a lambe ; and atte the sleying of the
dragon ther was a greet melody of aungellys."
NOTES. 33
Sir Bawdan (or Baldwin) Fulford was brought before the King, and
beheaded at this place on the ninth of September ; his head was
placed upon Castle Gate. — Rot. C. 8. Mus. Brit.
P. 2, 1. 7. — And other lordes. Among them was Thomas Lord
Roos. Paston Correspondence, vol. I. p. 219.
/. 7-8. — Certeyne castelles in Northumberland. See two contem-
porary accounts of the sieges of these castles, edited by Mr. Black,
in theExcerpta Historka, p. 365. Cf. W. JVyrcestre, p. 493 — 449.
L 16. — Sere Peris le Brasylle. See a curious document printed
by Sir Henry Ellis, from Cart. Antiq. Cotton. XVII. 10. in the
second series of his collection of Original Letters, vol. I. p. 131.
P. 3, I. 7. — Excepte a castelle in Northe Wales called Harlake. I can-
not resist the temptation of taking the following lines from the poems
of Lewis Glyn Cothi, relative to the future siege of Harlech castle —
" Doves a'i wyr, divasw wedd,
Dareni daiar Wynedd ;
Jarll, ond ev a'r llu, nid a
Ar wddv Eryri Wyddva.
Dau er ei chael dri a chwech,—
Un dan harddlun yw Harddlech.
Tynu a gwyr tonau gwin
Peiriannus, val mab brenin.
Uchel ewri a chlariwns,
A tharvu gwyr a thwrv gwns ;
Saethu 'rnhob parth saith mil pen,
A'u bwa o bob ywen :
Clod wellwell, cludaw allan
Goed mawr a fagodau man ;
O wartha 'r rhai'n, hyd yr hwyr,
Arvogion a'u rhyvagwyr.
Trwy'r tair gwart Herbart hirborth
Ty'na'r pen capten i'r porth.
Ennillodd, eu ewyllys,
Y brenin lech Bronwen Lys.
Hywel Davydd ab Jevan ab Rhys."
CAMD. SOC. 10. F
34 NOTES.
As no translation is added in the published works of Glyn Cothi,
it may be as well to give one here ; —
" He tamed, in no trifling manner,
The lofty heights of Gwyneth ;*
No earl, save him and his followers, could ever mount
Upon the neck of Snowdon, the Alpine of Eryri.'f
There would climb up, to gain the ascent,
Now three, — now six men, all at once ;
One beautifully formed fiery blaze is Harddlech 1 %
Men drawing from men waves of wine, — §
Loud the shouting — loud the blasts of clarions ;
Scattering of men, thundering of guns ;
Arrows flying in every quarter from seven thousand men,
Using bows made of the yew.
Bravo ! bravo 1 they bring out large trees and faggots ;
They pile them up, and, behind the pile,
Armed men are placed to continue there 'til night.
Then Herbert, through the three wards,
Brings forth the head captain in the porch.
Thus King Edward, as it were, with one volition,
Gained possession of Bronwen's Court." ||
This place was possessed in 1468 by Dafydd ap Jeuan ap Einion, —
a strong friend of the house of Lancaster, distinguished for his valour
and great stature. He was besieged here by William Herbert, Earl
of Pembroke, after a march through the heart of our Alps, attended
with incredible difficulties ; for in some parts, the soldiers were
obliged to climb ; in others, to precipitate themselves down the rocks ;
and, at length, invested a place till that time deemed impregnable.
* North Wales. t The mountains surrounding Snowdon.
J This couplet is metaphorical of the rapidity of Herbert's motions.
§ i. e. streams of blood.
|| The castle was anciently called Twr Bronwen, after Bronwen, daughter of Llyr
(King Lear), and aunt to the great Caractacus. See The Cambro-Briton, ii. 71. She
it the subject of an old Welsh Romance.
NOTES. 35
The Earl committed the care of the siege to Sir Richard, a hero
equal in size to the British commandant. Sir Richard sent a
summons of surrender, but Dafydd stoutly answered that he had
kept a castle in France so long, that he made all the old women in
Wales talk of him ; and that he would keep this so long, that all the
old women in France should also talk of him. He at last surren-
dered, and Herbert had a hard struggle with Edward's barbarous
policy to save the noble defender's life. — Pennant's Tour in Wales,
vol. II. p. 121-2. Margaret of Anjou found refuge in this Castle
after the unfortunate battle of Northampton ; and it has been con-
jectured that the song of " Farwel iti Peggy Ban" was composed on
the occasion of her quitting it. On the peculiar advantages of the
position of this castle, see The Cambrian Traveller's Guide, p. 574.
P. 3, /. 15-6. — An hole quinzisme and disme. See Rot. Parl. V.
497. This parliament met on the 29th of April, and continued to
the following year.
1. 16. — Whereof the peple grocehede sore. The taxes which Ed-
ward appears to have levied were most onerous on the people, and
partly served to pay for his extravagant luxury, which he seems to
have carried to the extreme. — Cambrian Register^ 1. 78.
/. 17-8. — The Erie of Warwyke was sent into Fraunce. Gagvin,
in his Chronicon Franciae, informs us that the Earl was received by
the King Louis XI. at Rouen with great pomp ; had secret confer-
ences with him for twelve days consecutively ; and was loaded with
presents when he took his departure. It is curious to observe that
the author of the fragment printed by Hearne refers to a French
writer on this portion of his history.
1. 21. — The Kynge was wedded to Elizabethe Gray. See a most
quaint narrative of this marriage in William Habington's Historic of
Edward the Fourth, fol. 1640, pp. 33 — 35. I find it stated in one
place (MS. Harl. 2408.) that Edward's mother attempted to hinder
the marriage, by causing '•' another contract to be alleadged made by
him with the Lady Elizabeth Lucy, on whom he had begot a child
30 NOTES.
befor." She seems, indeed, to have been most hostile to this impru-
dent and unpopular connexion : —
" Married a woman ? married indeed !
Here is a marriage that befits a king !
It is no marvaile it was done in hast :
Here is a hridall, and with hell to boote,
You have made worke."
Heywood's First Part of Edward IV. Sig. A. ij.
The author of Hearne's fragment, however, speaks in praise of the
marriage, — " Howbeit that lewde felow that drew thois last brent
cronicles, abusid liimsel gretely in his disordrid wrijting for lakke of
knowlege." (P. 293.)
P. 3, 1. 23. — Slayne at Yorlcefelde. Sir John Grey was slain at the
second battle of St. Alban's, fought on the 17th Feb. 1460-1.— J. G. N.
/. 30. — The Bysskope of Excetre. George Neville, made Chan-
cellor the 25th July 1460. He was translated to the archbishopric
of York, 17th June 1465.— J. G. N.
/. 31. — The Bysshope of Bath. Robert Stillington. He did not
receive the seal until the 8th June 1468, previously to which Robert
Kirkham had been Keeper. — J. G. N.
P. 4, /. 2. — Kyng Edwarde dide that he myght tojeble the Erles potvere.
We have, however, in an act passed subsequently to this period, an
especial clause that the same act " be not prejudiciall or hurtyng unto
Richard Neville, Erie of Warrewyk."— Rot. Part. 4 Edw. IV.
/. 8. — Gudred a grete peple of the norths contre. The following
very curious document is from a MS. in the College of Arms (L. 9): —
" Anno Edwardi quarti quarto et mensis Maij die xxvij. scilicet in die
san[c]te Trinitatis.
" The Kyng lay in the Palois of York, and kept his astate so-
lemply ; and tho there create he Sir John Nevelle, Lord Mown-
tage, Erie of Northumberland. And than my lorde of Warrewikc
toke upon hym the jorney, by the Kynges commandement and
auctoritee, to resiste the Rebellions of the Northe, acompanyed with
hym my sayde Lorde of Northumberland his brother.
NOTES. 37
c< Item, the xxiijti. day of Juyne, my saide Lorde of Warrewike,
with the puissaunce, cam before the castelle of Alwike, and ad it
delivered by appointement ; And also the castell of Dunstanboroughe,
where that my said Lord kept the feest of Saint John Baptist.
" Item, my said Lorde of Warrewike, and his broder Erie of
Northumberland, the xxv. day of Juyn, leyede siege unto the Cas-
telle of Bamburghe, there within being Sir Rauf Grey, with suche
power as attendid for to keepe the said castelle ayen the power of the
Kinges and my said Lord, as it apperith by the heroudes reporte, by
the whiche my Lord sent to charge them to delyvere it under this
forme, as ensewithe ; Chester, the Kinges heroude, and Warrewike
the heroude, had this commaundement, as foloweth, — to say unto Sir
Rauf Gray, and to other that kept his Rebelliouse oppynyon, that
they shule delivere that place contynent aftyr that summacion, and
every man for the tyme being disposed to receyve the Kynges grace,
my said Lord of Warrewike, the Kinges lieutenant, and my Lord of
Northumbreland, Wardeyn of themarches, grauntith the Kyng['s]
grace and pardon, body, lyvelodes, reservyng ij. persounes, is under-
stoude, Sir Humfrey Neville and Sir Rauf Grey, thoo tweyn to be
oute of the Kinges grace, without any redempcion. Than the answere
of Sir Rauf Grey followithe unto the said heroudes, he clerely de-
termynyng withinne hymself to liffe or to dye within the said place ;
the heroudes, according to my Lordes commandement, charged hym
with all inconveniences that by possible myght fall in offence
ayenst Allemyghty God, and sheding of bloode ; the heroude saying
in this wise, ' My Lordes ensurithe yow, upon their honour, to
susteyne siege before yowe these vij. yeres, or elles to wynne yowe.'
" Item, my sayde Lorde Lieutenant, and my Lord Wardeyn, hath
yeven us ferther comaundement to say unto yowe, if ye deliver not
this Juelle, the whiche the king our most dradde soverain Lord hath
so gretly in favour, seiug it marcheth so nygh hys awncient enemyes
of Scotland, he specially desirethe to have it, hoole, unbroken, with
ordennaunce ; if ye suffre any greet guime laide unto the wal, and be
38 NOTES.
shote and prejudice the wal, it shall cost yowe the Chiftens hede ;
and so preceding for every gunne shet, to the leest hede of any per-
soune within the said place. Than the saide Sir Rauf Grey deperted
from the saide heroud, ant put hym in devoir to make deffence.
" And than my Lorde lieutenant had ordennede alle the Kinges
greet gonnes that where charged at oons to shute unto the said Cas-
telle, Newe-Castel the Kinges greet gonne, and London the second
gonne of irne; the whiche betyde the place, that stones of the
walles flewe unto the see ; Dysyon, a brasin gonne of the Kinges,
smote thouroughe Sir Rauf Grey's chamber oftentymes ; Edward
and Richard Bombartell, and other of the Kinges ordennaunce, so
occupied by the ordonnaunce of my said Lord, with men of armes
and archirs, wonne the castelle of Bamburg with asawte, mawgrey
Sir Rauf Grey, and tooke hym, and brought hym to the Kynge to
Doncastre, and there was he execut in this fourme as folio with. My
lorde Erie of Worcestre, Connestable of Englond, sitting in juge-
ment, told hym jugement, and remambrid hym, saying unto hym ;
" Sir Rauf Grey, thou hast take the ordir of Knyghthode of the
Batthe, and any soe taking that ordir ought to kepe his faithe the
whiche he makes ; therfor remembre the[e] the lawe ! wilt thou shall
precede to jugement ? thees maters she with so evidently agayn the,
that they nedithe not to examyn the of them, by certein persounes of
the Kinges true subgettes, the whiche thou hast wounded, and shewithe
here that thou canst not deny this ; thou hast drawen the with force
of armes unto the Kyng oure most natural soverain Lorde, the whiche
tho wotest wele yave unto the suche trust, and in suche wise mynys-
tred his grace unto the, that thou haddist his castels in the Northe
partie to kepe ; thou hast betraied Sir John Asteley Knyght, and
brother of the gartier, the whiche remaignethe in the hand of the
Kynges oure soverain Lord enemyes in Fraunce.
" Item, thou hast withstoud and maade fences ageynst the Kynges
maiestie, and his lieutenant the worthy Lorde my broder of Warr-
wike ; it apperith by the strookes of the greet gunnes in the Kyng
NOTES. 39
walles of his castell of Bamburghe. For the[se] causes, dispost the to
suffre thy penaunce aftyr the lawe. The Kyng had ordenned that
thou shuldest have hadd thy sporys striken of by the hard heles,
with the hand of the maister cooke, that whiche is here redy to doo,
as was promysed at the tyme that he tooke of thy spurres ; he said
to yee, as ys accustumed, that ' And thou be not true to thy soverain
Lord, I shal smyte of thy sporys with this knyf herd by the helys,'
and so shewne hym the maistre cooke redy to doo his office, with
apron and his knyff.
" Item, Sir Rauff Grey, the Kyng had ordenned here, thou maist
see, the Kynge of armes and heroudes, and thine own propre cote of
armes, that whiche they shuld teere of thy body, and so thou shuldist
as wel be disgraded of thy worshipp, noblesse, and armes, as of the
order of Knyghthode ; and also here is an oder cote of thin armes
reversed, the which thou shuldest have werne of thy body, going to
that dethe warde, for that belongethe aftyr the lawe. Notwithstanding,
of the disgrading of knygthode, and of thine armes, et noblesse,
the King pardons that for thy noble grauntfader, the whiche suffrid
trouble for the Kynges moost noble predecesseurs.* Than, Sir Rauf
Grey, this shal be thy penaunce, — thou shalt goo on thy feet unto
the towneseend, and there thou shalt be laide downe and drawen to
a scaffold maade for thee, and that thou shalt have thyne hede smite
of thi body, to be buriede in the freres ; thi heede where it pleased
the Kyng."
P. 4, /. 11 — 12. — Were takene and afterward behedede. " Quintode-
cimo die mensis Maij, apud Exham, decapitati sunt Dux Somerset!,
Edmundus Fizthu miles, Bradshaw, Wauter Hunt, Blac Jakis.
Decimo-septimo die mensis Maii, apud Novum-Castrum, decapitati
* Sir Ralph Grey, of Wark, Heton, and Chillingham (lineal ancestor of the Earls of
Tankerville, as well as of the present Earl Grey) wag the grandson of Sir Thomas
Grey, beheaded at Southampton with the Earl of Cambridge, Aug. 5, 1415. See the
whole-sheet pedigree of Grey in Raine's North Durham. — J.G.N.
40 NOTES.
sunt Dominus de Hungarforde, Dominus Roos, Dominus Thomas
Fynderum, Edwardus de la Mare, Nicholaus Massam. Apud Mede-
thain. xviijo die mensis Maii, decapitati sunt Dominus Philippus
Wentworth, Willielmus Penyngton, Warde de Topcliff, Oliverus
Wentworth, Willielmus Spilar, Thomas Hunt, le foteman Regis Hen-
rid. Apud Eboracum, xxv° die mensis Maii, decapitati sunt Do-
minus Thomas Husye, Thomas Gosse, Robertus Merfynn, Johannes
Butlerus, Rogerus Water, janitor Regis Henrici, Thomas Fenwyke,
Robertus Cocfeld, Willielmus Bryte, Willielmus Dawsonn, Johan-
nes Chapman. Apud Eboracum, xxviijo die mensis Maii, decapitati
sunt Johannes Elderbek, Ricardus Cawerum, Johannes Roselle,
Robertus Conqueror." — MS. Arundel, Coll. Arm. 5, fol. 170, ro.
P. 4, L 26. — Chaunged the coyn of Englonde. This whole passage is
transcribed by Stowe, nearly word for word, in his Chronicle,
pp. 418 — 19. " Mense Octobris, fecit Rex proclamare Radingise,
et per totani Angliam, quod unum nobile Regis Henrici valeret
viij. s. iiij. d., fecitque novum Cunagium turri Londonia?, ad summum
dampnum magnatum regni." — W. Wyrcestre Awnales, p. 500. Cf.
Archaologia, XV. 165 ; and Sir Henry Ellis's edition of Grafton's Con-
tinuation of Harding' s Chronicle, p. 437.
/. 3. — And also he made angelle noblys of vj. s. viij. d. i. e. he
made the noble of that price, and changed its name to that of angel ;
Hearnes Fragment, p. 294. A very short time previously the noble
was of comparatively trifling value. — MS. Ch. Ant. Eg. 88.
P. 5, L 2. — A blacke monke of Abyngtone. In the curious fragment
printed by Hearne, at the end of the Chronicle of Sprottus, we are
informed that William Cantlow was the name of this rascal. Henry's
capture, in the MS. NO 5, in the College of Arms, is placed under
the year 1465 : — " Hoc et anno, circiter festum Apostolorum Petri et
Pauli, captus est Henricus Sextus, nuper Rex Anglic, du[c]tus et
publice per Chepam Londonie, cum aliis secum captis ; ductus usque
ad Turrim Londonie, ibique honorifice commendatus custodie mansit."
Fol. 170, vo.
NOTES. 41
P. 5, /. 3. — Bungerley Hyppyngstones. This was a ford, obtained by
stepping-stones, across the river Ribble. — J. G. N.
/. 4. — Thomas Talbott, sonne and heyre to Sere Edmund Talbot of
Basshalle. Sir Edmund Talbot, of Bashall, in the parish of Mitton,
co. York, died in the 1st Edw. IV. His son, Sir Thomas, was then
under age (pedigree in Whitaker's History of Craven, 2d edit. 1812,
p. 25) ; but there can be little doubt that, before his traitorous achieve-
ment, he had married Alice, daughter of Sir John Tempest, of Brace-
well, under whose protection the unfortunate King was then living.
Beside the present reward mentioned in the ensuing note, Sir Thomas
Talbot appears to have received a grant of a yearly pension of 401.,
which was confirmed by Richard III. (pedigree, as above). He
survived to the 13th Hen. VII. His father-in-law, Sir John Tem-
pest, was Sheriff of Yorkshire in 18 and 37 Henry VI. (see pedigree
of Tempest in Whitaker's Craven, p. 80.) — J. G. N.
/. 4. — Thomas Talbott. In the Issue Rolls of the Exchequer of
5 Edw. IV. are the statements of monies paid to this gentleman and
others for taking Henry, late de facto et non dejure King of England.
It appears that Sir James Haryngton and Sir John Tempest were
also concerned in the capture ; but the fact of Sir Thomas Talbot
being the chief actor is confirmed by the amount of their relative
rewards, he receiving 100/. and they each 100 marks. Their " costs
and charges," amounting to 100 marks, were also paid. John Le-
vesey also received a reward of 20/., and William Rogers of Serne
and David Colinley, valets of the King's chamber, together 6/. 13s. 4d.
On the 9th of July 1465, Edward, in consideration of " magnam et
laboriosam diligentiam suain circa captionem et retinentiam magni
proditoris, rebellis, et inimici nostri Henrici nuper vocati Regis
Henrici Sexti, per ipsum Jacobum factum," gave to Sir James Ha-
ryngton a grant of Thurland Castle and other lands, formerly belong-
ing to Richard Tunstell,* a partizan of Henry. — Fcedera, XI. 548.
* The great extent of these possessions may be seen in the Great Roll of the Pipe
for 1 Edw. IV. com. Westmorland,
CAMD. SOC. 10. G
42 NOTES.
" My ancestor, Sir James Haryngton, did once take prisoner, with
his party, this poor prince ; for which the House of York did graunt
him a parcel of lands in the northern counties, and which he was
fool enough to lose again, after the battle of Bosworth, when King
Henry the Seventh came to the crown." — Haryngton s Nuga Antiquae,
by T. Park, vol. II. pp. 385-86. Cf. Rot. Parl V. 584, and Devon's
Issue Rolls of the Exchequer, p. 489.
[Sir James Harrington was of Brierley near Barnsley ; a younger
brother of Sir John Harrington, of Hornby, who had fallen on the
Yorkists' side at the battle of Wakefield in 1460 ; their father, Sir
Thomas, dying also of his wounds the day after the same battle. Sir
James had, in 6 Edw. EV. a grant of 340J. from the issues of the
county of York. Both he and his younger brother, Sir Robert Har-
rington, were attainted after the battle of Bosworth in 1 Hen. VII.
See further respecting him in Hunter's Deanery of Doncaster, vol. ii.
p. 403; to which it may be added that it is probably of him that
Leland speaks : " There was a younger brother of the Haryngtons
that had in gifte Horneby Castelle." (Itin. viii. f. 109 a.), that is, he
had it for a time to the prejudice of his nieces, the heirs of his elder
brother.— J. G. N.]
P. 5, /. 5. — Jhon Talbott his cosyne of Colebry. That is, of Salesbury,
in the parish of Blackburn, co. Lancaster ; see Whitaker's Whalley,
3d edit. 1818, p. 432. A yearly fee of twenty marks was granted by
King Edward in consideration of the good and faithful service of
Johannes Talbot de Salebury, Esq. " in captura magni adversarii
sui Henrici," until he received a grant of lands or tenements to the
like value ; and the same annuity was confirmed to his son Sir John
Talbot, of Salebury, by King Richard the Third. See the grant of
the confirmation, dated at York 6th June 1484, printed in Baines's
History of Lancashire, vol. i. p. 421. — J. G. N.
/. 6. — Whiche disseyvide, i. e. which King Henry, deceived.
I. 6. — Wadyngtone Hall. Waddington is a chapelry within the
parish of Mitton, little more than a mile from Bashall. It had be-
longed to the Tempests of Bracewell from the time of Edward I. Dr.
Whitaker says (Hist, of Craven, p. 25), " Waddington Hall, though
NOTES. 43
constructed of strong old masonry, has nearly lost all appearance
of antiquity. But one room contains the name of King Henry's cham-
ber." In the History of Whalley, p. 473, will be seen an etching of
the ruins. At Bracewell also, (which is now likewise in ruins,) in
the older stone portion of the house, " is an apartment called King
Henry's Parlour ; undoubtedly one of the retreats of Henry VI."
(Ibid. p. 82.) At Bolton, in the same neighbourhood, after describ-
ing a very ancient hall, and its canopy over the high table, Dr. Whit-
aker adds, " In this very hall, and probably under the same canopy,
that unhappy monarch ate the bread of affliction during a retreat, as
it is reported by tradition, of several months. An adjoining well
retains the name of King Harry, who is said to have directed it to
be dug and walled, in its present shape, for a cold bath." It is at
Bolton where there are still preserved three relics of King Henry,
a boot, a glove, and a spoon ; figures of which are engraved in the
Gentleman's Magazine for June 1785, and again in the History of
Craven, p. 106. The boot and glove are remarkably small, and show,
in Dr. Whitaker's words, that " iii an age when the habits of the
great, in peace as well as war, required perpetual exertions of bodily
strength, this unhappy prince must have been equally contemptible
from corporeal and from mental imbecility." — J. G. N.
P. 5, /. 7, 8. — His lege bownde to the styrope. One author, and as far
as I have been able to find he is the only authority for it, says,that
Henry was immediately cast into chains. — Matthcei Palmesii Pisani
Continuatio Chronici Eusebiani, ed. Venetiis, 1483, fol. 155, vo. Ac-
cording to some writers, Henry's two religious friends, Drs. Manning
and Bedle, were the only companions of his misfortunes. — Cf. Mon-
strelet, IV. 182.
, 1. 9. — By the Lorde Harberde. " Et castrum forte in Wallia
per dominum Harbarde captum est, et Dominus Ricardus Tunstalle,
cum ceteris ibi inventis, captus est, et in Turri Londonie clausus, qui
turn in breve gratiam a Rege consecutus est. Duo nobiles ex illic
capti decollati sunt." — MS. Arundel, Coll. Arm. 5, fol. 171, r°. There
is a grant to Lord Herbert for his services in Rot. Pat. 3 Edw. IV.
44 NOTES.
P. 5, /. 16. — By lawepadowe. I do not understand the meaning of the
word " Padowe," except it be Paduan.
1. 22. — And in vij. yere. An anonymous scribbler says, that in
this year there was, throughout England, a hurricane (vehementissi-
mus ventus) which lasted for more than thirty-six hours. — MS. ^run-
del, Mus. Brit. 220. fol. 279, v°.
P. 6, /. 4. — Were takene for treasoune and behedede. See a valuable and
curious note by Mr. Stapleton, in his volume of the Plumpton Cor-
respondence, pp. 18, 19. This happened " circiter octavum Epi-
phanie."— MS Arundel, Coll. Arm. 5, fol. 171, r°.
1. 19. — xliij Ml. So in MS., but probably a clerical error for
xiiij. Ml.
/. 25. — A playne byyonde Banbury toune. Danesmoor is in the
parish of Edgecote, near three hills of unequal size, and in their
relative position approaching a triangle ; " the spot now called Danes-
moor is a small plantation of a few acres, but the name at this period
had doubtless a much more extended application." — Baker's North-
amptonshire, I. 500. This battle is commemorated in " Marwnad
Thomas ab Rhosser, arglwydd Herast " of Lewis Glyn Cothi. Three
things ought to be remarked, viz. that Herbert, who was beheaded,
only made a codicil to his will, and not a new one, as commonly
stated ; that the battle took place on the Monday —
" Dyw Llun y bu waed a lladd :"
and that Herbert and his fellow captives were executed on the
Wednesday —
" Marchog a las ddyw Merclur,"
as Gutto Glyn remarks in his poetical language. Cf. MS. Cotton.
Otho, B. xiv. fol. 221, v°, where an erroneous date is given to the
battle, — in quo ccesi multa milia. In MS. Tann. Bodl. 2, fol. 104, v°.
we find the field called " prelium ad Hegecote, seu Danysmore,
prope Banburiam, dictam Banbery-Feld, seu Hegecote-Fyld." Hearne's
fragment informs us that the land on which the battle was fought be-
NOTES. 45
longed to a person named Clarell. In the valuable collection of
manuscripts at the seat of W. Ormsby Gore, Esq. are some verses in
the Welsh language on this battle ; see Sir Thomas Phillipps's Cata-
logue of these Manuscripts, p. 1.
P. 6. /. 28, 29. — The names of the gentylmen that were slayne. See
another and more extensive list in Itincrarium Willelmi de Worcestre,
p. 120-1, although the major part of this catalogue differs from his.
Worcester says that at least 168 of the nobility and gentry of Wales
fell in this battle, and 1500 men on the English side.
•*— — 1. 30, 31. — Herry Organ, sonne and heyre, i. e. the son and heir
of Henry Organ.
P. 7, 1. 5. — Sere Herry Latymere. Rather Sir Henry Neville,
paternally a cousin-german of the great Earl of Warwick, and whose
mother was Lady Elizabeth Beauchamp, half-sister to the heiress
Anne, whom the Earl of Warwick married. Leland, in describing
the Beauchamp Chapel at Warwick, says : " There lyeth buried (as
some saye) in the west end of our Lady Chapell one of the Nevilles
L. Latemer, slayne at Edgcote field by Banbury (as some suppose),
but there is neither tombe nor scripture scene. This was Sir Hen.
Neville, sonne and heire of George Neville, Lord Latemer. But he
was never Lord, for he dyed before his father. This Henry Neville
was grandfather to the Lord Latemer now livinge." The fact of Sir
Henry Neville, and of his brother-in-law John Dudley, also slain in
the same battle, having been buried in the Beauchamp Chapel, is
proved by the will of his mother Lady Latimer, who on the field of
Edgcote lost her only son and the husband of her daughter. Before
the close of the same year, (on the 30th Dec.) her husband died insane.
Nichols's Beauchamp Monuments, 4to. p. 40. — J. G. N.
/. 7. — Sir John Conyers of Hornby, com. Ebor. Kt.
1. 8 — Olivere Audley, squyere. For Audley read Dudley. He
was a son of John Lord Dudley, K.G. and brother of that John who
was grandfather of John Duke of Northumberland. Beauchamp
Monuments, p. 39. — J. G. N-
/. 11-12. — " Hie W. Harberde, gravissimus et oppressor et
46 NOTES.
spoliator ecclesiasticorum et aliorum multorum per annos multos,
hunc tandem, justo Dei judicio pro suis sceleribus et nequiciis, re-
cepit mercedem. Die Sabbati proximo ante assumpcionem beatissime
semper Virginis Marie, captus est Dominus de Rywaus, cum domino
Johanne filio suo, et, juxta castrum de Kelingworthe, pariter decol-
lati sunt." — MS. Arundel, Coll. Arm. fol. 171 ro.
P. 7, /. 19. — A vilage bysyde Northampton. Stowe calls this village
Ulney ; that is, Olney, a market-town in Buckinghamshire, but
within twelve miles of Northampton. — J. G. N.
I. 31. — A generalle par done. On the 27th of October, Henry
Percy of Northumberlond, who had been confined in the Tower,
under Lord Dudley, Constable, took the oaths of allegiance and was
released. — Foedera, XI. 649.
P. 8, /. 4. — I here insert a very curious and valuable document
from a MS. Roll in the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford, N«. 1160,
m. 2, d°, et 1, d°.
" The due of Clarance, th'archebisshoppe of Yorke, and th'erle of
Warwyk.
" Right trusty and welbelovid, we grete you welle. And welle ye
witte that the Kyng oure soveregne lordys true subgettes of diverse
partyes of this his realme of Engelond have delivered to us certeyn
billis of Articles, whiche we suppose that ye have in thoos parties,
rememberynge in the same the disceyvabille covetous rule and gydynge
of certeyne ceducious persones ; that is to say, the Lord Ryvers, the
Duchesse of Bedford his wyf, Ser William Herbert, Erie of Penbroke,
Humfrey Stafford, Erie of Devenshire, the Lordis Scalis and Audeley,
Ser John Wydevile, and his brethern, Ser John Fogge, and other of
theyre myschevous rule opinion and assent, wheche have caused oure
seid sovereyn Lord and his seid realme to falle in grete poverte
of myserie, disturbynge the mynystracion of the lawes, only entendyng
to thaire owen promocion and enrichyng. The seid trewe subgettis
with pitevous lamentacion callyng uppon us and other lordes to be
meanes to oure seid sovereyne Lord for a remedy and reformacion ;
werfore we, thenkyng the peticioun comprised in the seid articles
NOTES. 47
resonabyll and profitable for the honoure and profile of oure seid so-
vereyn Lord and the comune welle of alle this his realme, fully
purposed with other lordis to shewe the same to his good grace, de-
siryng and pray you to dispose and arredie you to accompayneye us
thedir, with as many persones defensabyly arrayede as y can make,
lettyng you wete that by Goddis grace we entende to be at Caunter-
bury uppon Sonday next comyng. Wretyn undre oure signettis and
signe manuell the xijth day of Juyll, A<> 1469.
" In three the next articles undrewretin are comprisid and specified the occa-
sions and verry causes of the grete inconveniencis and mischeves that fall
in this land in the dayes of Kyng Edward the ijde, Kyng Ric the ijde, and
Kyng Henry the vjte, to the distruccion of them, And to the gret hurt and
empoverysshyng of this lond.
" First, where the seid Kynges estraingid the gret lordis of thayre
blood from thaire secrete Councelle, And not avised by them ; And
takyng abowte them other not of thaire blood, and enclynyng only to
theire counselle, rule and advise, the wheche persones take not re-
spect ne consideracion to the wele of the seid princes, ne to the
comonwele of this lond, but only to theire singuler lucour and en-
richyng of themself and theire bloode, as welle in theire greet pos-
sessions as in goodis ; by the wheche the seid princes were so enpo-
verysshed that they hadde not sufficient of lyvelode ne of goodis,
wherby they myght kepe and mayntene theire honorable estate and
ordinarie charges withynne this realme.
" Also the seid seducious persones, not willing to leve the posses-
sions that they hadde, caused the seid princes to lay suche imposi-
cions and charges as welle by way of untrue appecementes to whom
they owed evill wille unto, as by dymes, taxis and prestis noblis and
other inordinat charges uppon theire subjettes and commons, to the
grete grugge and enpoveryssyng of them, wheche caused alle the
people of this lond to grugge.
" And also the seid seducious persones by they re may n ten aimers.
48 NOTES.
where they have rule, wold not suffre the lawes to be executed, but
where they owe favour moved the seid princes to the same ; by the
wheche there were no lawes atte that tyme deuly ministred, ne putt
in execucion, wheche caused gret murdres, roberyes, rapes, oppres-
sions, and extorcions, as well by themself, as by theyre gret niayn-
tenaunces of them to be doon, to the gret grugge of all this lande.
" Hit is so that where the kyng oure sovereigne lorde hathe hadde
as gret lyvelode and possessions as evyr had kyng of Engelond ; that
is to say, the lyvelode of the Crowne, Principalite of Wales, Duche
of Lancastre, Duche of Cornwelle, Duche of York, the Erldome of
Chestre, the Erldome of Marche, the Lordeschippe of Irlond, and
other, with grete forfaytis, besyde Tunage and Poundage of alle this
londe, grauntyd only to the kepynge of the see. The lorde Revers, the
Duchesse of Bedford his wyf, and thayre sonnes, Ser William Har-
bert, Earle of Pembroke, and Humfrey Stafford, Erie of Devonshire,
the Lord of Audely, and Ser John Fogge, and other of thayre mys-
chevous assent and oppinion, whiche have advised and causid oure
seid sovereigne lord to geve of the seyd lyvelode and possessions to
them above theire disertis and degrees, So that he may nat lyf ho-
norably and mayntene his estate and charges ordinarie withinne this
lond.
" And also the seid seducious persones next before expressid, not
willyng to leve suche large possessions and goodis as they have of
oure seid sovereigne lordis gyfte, have, by subtile and discevable
ymaginacions, movid and causid oure sovereyne lord to chaunge his
most ryche coyne, and mynysshed his most royalle household, to the
gret appeycyng of his estate, and the comonwele of this londe.
" Also seid seducious persones, continuyng in theire most desey-
vable and covetous disposiscion, have causid oure seid soverayne lord
to aske and charge us his trewe comons and subgettis wyth suche
gret imposicions and iuordiuat charges, as by meanes of borowyng
withoute payment, takyng goodes of execu tours of rich men, taxis,
dymes, and preestis noblis ; takyng gret goodis for his household
NOTES. 49
without payment, impechementes of treasounes to whom they owe any
eville will ; So that ther can be no man of worshippe or richesse,
other spirituelle or temporelle, knyghtis, squiers, marchauntes, or
any other honest persone, in surete of his lyf, lyvelode, or goodis,
where the seid seducious persones, or any of them, owe any malice or
eville wille, to the grete drede and importabylle charges, and the
utter empoverysshyng of us his treue Commons and subjettes, And
to the gret enrychyng of themself, the premisses amouutynge to
ccMl. markes [this yere] and more.
" Also the seid seducious persones have caused our seid sovereygne
lord to spende the goodis of oure holy fadir [the pope], the wheche
were yevyn hym for defence of Cristen feyth of many goodely dis-
posyd people of this lond, without repayment of oure seid holy fadir,
for the wheche cause this lond stondith in juberdie of Enterdytynge.
" Also the seid seducious persones, be thayre mayntenaunces in
the cuntreyes where they dwelt or where they here rule, will not
suffre the Kynges lawes to be executyd uppon whom they owyd
favere unto, And also movid oure seid sovereyne lord to the same ;
by the wheche the lawes be not duly mynystered, ne put in execu-
cion ; by the wheche gret murdre, robbres, rapes, oppressions, and
extorcions, as well be them, as by thayre gret mayntenaunces of
theire servauntes, to us daly done and remayne unpunysshed, to the
gret hurt and grugge of alle this londe.
" Also the seid seducious persones hath causid oure seid soverayne
lord to estrainge the true lordis of his blood from his secrete Coun-
celle, to th'entent that they myghte atteyne and brenge abought
theyre fals and dysceyvable purpos in premisses aforseid, to the gret
enrychynge of themself, And to the gret hurt and poverte of oure
seid sovereyne lorde, and to alle us his trewe subjettis and commons
of this londe."
CAMD. soc. 10. H
50 NOTES.
" These undrewretyn are the petitions of us treue and feytliefulle subjettes
and commons of this lond for the gret wele and aurete of the Kyng oure
sovereigns lord and his heires, and the commonwele of this lond, evir to be
contynued. Aftlr humble praying of trewe lordls, spirituelle and tem-
porelle, to yeve ass'mtence and aid in thys oure true and goodely desyres ;
For we take God to record we entendebut only for the wile and surete of the
Kyng oure sovereigne lord, And the common wele of this lond.
" First, that the seid seducious persones abovenamed, wheche by
theire subtile and malicious meanes have causyd oure said sovereyn
lord to estrainge his goode grace from the Councelle of the nobile and
trewe lordis of his blood, moved hym to breke hys lawes and statutis,
mynysshed his lyvelode and housold, chaunchyng his most richest
coyne, and chargyng this lond with suche gret and inordinat impo-
sicions, as is above expressid ; to the grete appeirement of his most
Royalle estate, and enpoverisshyng of hym and alle his true Com-
mons and subjettis, and only to the enrichynge of themself; may be
punysshed accordyng to theire werkes and untrouethes, So that alle
other hereaftir shall take ensample by thayme.
" Also in eschewyng the occasions and causes of the gret incon-
veniencis and myschevis that by the same hathe fallen in the Kynges
dayes, above expressid, as well uppon themself, as uppon this lond,
And that in tymes hereaftir myghte falle ; We, the Kyngis
true and feithfulle Commons and subjettes of this lond, mekely
besechen his good grace that hit well lyke hym for the gret wele of
hymself, his heires, and the common-wele of us his true subjettes
and Commons, for evyr to be continued by the advyse and auclorite
of his lordis spirituelle and temporalle, to appoynte, ordeyne, and
stablish for evyr to be hadde suche a sufficiente of lyvelode and pos-
sescions, by the whiche he and alle his heires aftir hym may mayn-
tene and kepe theire most honorable estate, withe alle other ordi-
narie charges necessarye to be hadde in this lond. So that he nor
noon of his heires, hereafter, of necessite, nede to charge and ley
uppon his true Commons and subjettes suche gret imposicions as
before is expressid ; Unlesse that it were for the gret and urgent
NOTES. 51
causes concernynge as well the wellthe of us, as of oure seid sove-
reyne lord ; Accordyng to the promyse that he made in his last par-
liament, openly wyth his owen mouthe unto us.
" Also to be enstablisshid be the seid auctorite, that yf any per-
sone, of what estate or degree that he be, aftir the seid stablisshement
so ordeyned, and made, (except the Kynges issue and his brethern),
presume or take uppon them to aske or take possessions of any of the
lyvelod so appoyntyd, that, by the seid auctorite, he be taken and
reputyd as he that wold mynysshe and apeire the royall estate of his
sovereyn lord, and the commonwele of this lond. And went pardon
so to be punysshed.
" Also that the revenues of Tounage and Poundage may be em-
ployed in the kepyng of the see as it was graunted, and too non other
use, for the safetie of entrecourse of merchaundizes, to gret enrichyng
of this lond, and also for the defence of the enemyes.
" Also that the lawes and the statutis made in the dayes of youre
noble progenitours kyng Edward the iijde., sethen for the concernyng
and kepyng of this lond in good hele and peas, as welle Wales as
Engelond, be duly kept, observid, and executyd, for the conserva-
cion of us youre trewe commons and subjettes in peas, and the com-
monwele of this oure lond."
P. 8, /. 5. — And in the x. yere. It may be remarked that the regnal
years of Edward IV. commence on the fourth of March, " quo die
Rex Edwardus iiijtus. incepit regnare ; " — MS. Magnus Rotulus
Pipae, 1 Edw. IV, com. Cornub. Cf. MS. Bib. Geo. III. Mus. Brit.
52. fol. 33, r°.
I. 6. — The Lorde Welles his sonne. See the Excerpta Historica,
p. 282, for the confession of Sir Robert Welles, which throws very
considerable light on this history. It appears that the Duke of
Clarence took a much more active part in the conspiracy than is
generally supposed ; that the motive which actuated the multitude
was chiefly the fear of the King's vengeance ; that a servant of
Clarence's was in the battle, and afforded Welles considerable assist-
62 NOTES.
tance ; that when Lord Welles went to London pursuant to the
King's commands, he desired his son, in the event of his hearing that
he was in danger, to hasten to his assistance with as many followers
as possible ; that the real object of the rebellion was to place the
crown on Clarence's head ; and that both Clarence and Warwick
had, for some time, been urging Lord Welles, and his son, to con-
tinue firm to their cause.
The following documents are given from the Close Rolls of 10
Edw. IV. (m. 8. dorso.) and are valuable illustrations of the history
of this insurrection.
" De pr ocla motion ibus faciendis. — Rex vicecomiti Warr' et Leicestr'
salutem. Praecipimus tibi firmifer injungentes, quod statim, post
receptionem prnesentium, in singulis locis infra ballivam, tuam tarn
infra libertates quam extra, ubi magis expediens videris, ex parte
nostra publicas proclamationes fieri facias, in haec verba —
" For as moche as hit hath plesyd God, of his godeness and grace,
to send to our soveraigne Lord the victoryeof his Rebelles and Trait-
ours of his shire of Lincolne, late assembled in grete nombre, leveyng
werre ayenst his Highness, contrary to their ligeaunce and duete ;
Oure said Soveraigne Lord, therefore, not willing his subgettis, other
than such as now attend upon his most Royall Person, to be putte
to charge, labour, and businesse, by vertue of his commissions of
array, and other writing, late addressed to dyvers shires, citees, and
townes, for the resistens of the malicious and traiterous purpose of the
said Rebelles, wolle, and in the most straitest wise chargeth, that
noon of his subgettes presume, ne take uppon hym, to ryse, ne make
any assemble or gadering, by reason of any of the seid commissions
or writings, ne be moeviug, steryng, writing, or commaundement
made, or hereafter to be made, by any persone or persones of what
estate, degree, or condition sooeverhe be of, lesse than hit bee by the
Kinges commission, Prive Seal, or writyng under his signet, of new
to be made aftir this the xiij. day of Marche. And if any persone or
persones presume, or take uppon theym or hym, to doe the contrary
NOTES. 53
hereof, Our Said Soveraigne Lord woll repute and take hym and
them soo doyng as his ennemyes and Rebelles, and wool precede
to their lawfull Punycion in the most streitest wise, according to his
Lawes and Statutes in such case ordeyned.
" Et hoc nullatenus omittas. Teste Rege apud Stamford xiij°.
die Martii.
" PER IPSUM REGEM."
(Here follow the names of counties.)
" De proclamationibus faciendis. — Rex vicecomiti Eborum salutem.
Pra?cipimus tibi, quod statim post receptionem presentium, in singulis
locis infra ballivam tuam, tarn infra libertates quam extra, ubi magis
expediens videris, ex parte nostra publicas proclamationes fieri facias
in haec verba —
" Howbeit that the King our Soveraine Lord graunted unto Georg
Due of Clarence, and Richard Erie of Warwyk, his pardon generall
of all offences committed and doon ayenst him, afore the fest of
Christmasse last passed, trusting thereby to have caused theynr to
have shewed unto him their naturall love, ligeaunce, and duetie, and
to have assisted his Highness, as well in subdueing insurrections and
rebellions late made ayenst him in the countie of Lincolne, as in all
other things concerning the suertie of his persone ; and, in trust that
they soo wold have done according to their premisses to hym made,
his said Highness auctorized theym by his commission undre his
grete seal to assemble his subgetts in certain shires, and theym to
have brought to his said Highnes, to the entent aforesaid ; yet the
said Due and Erie, unnaturally, unkindly, and untruly intending
his destruction and the subversion of his reaume, and the <M>mmon-
wele of the same, and to make the said Duke King of this his said
Reaume, ayenst Gods law, niannes law, and all reason and conscience,
dissimiled with his seid Highness, and, under colour thereof, falsly
and traiterously provoked and stured, as well by their writings as
otherwise, Sir Robert Welles, late calling hitnselfe Great Capitayne
of the Commons of the seid shire of Lincolne, to continue the said
64 NOTES.
insurrections and rebellions, and to levee warre ayenst hym, as they,
by the same, soe dyd with banners displayed, avauncing theymselfe
in plain bataylle, unto the time his said Highnesse, by the help of
God, put them to flight ; wherein the said Due and Erie promitted
to the said Sir Robert and Commons to have yeven them their assis-
tences to the uttermost of their powers, and soo wolde have done, if
God ne had yeven unto hym the said vietorie, as the same Sir
Robert Welles, Sir Thomas de la Laund, Richard Wareyn, and
other have openly confessed and shewed before his seid Highnes, the
Lordes of his blood, and the multitude of his subgettis attending
upon hym in his host at this tyme ; which Sir Robert Welles, and
the said other pety capitaynes, affirmed to be true at their dethes,
uncompelled, unstirred, or undesired soo to doo ; and as by the con-
fession of the said Robert Welles, made under his writing and signe
manuell, it apperith. And after that the said Due and Erie, under-
standing and seing that this ther seid labours wold not serve to the
perfourmyng of their fals and traiterous purpose afore declared,
laboured by their writings and messages sent into Yorkeshire into
divers persons there, theym straitly charging to doo make open pro-
clamations in their owne names, without making mention of his seid
Highnes, that all maner men upon peyn of deth shuld come unto
theym, and yeve theym their assistences in resisting of hym; where-
upon his seid Highnes sent unto the said Due and Erie, by Garter
King of Armes, summonicion and warnyng of their said accusations
undir his prive seal, straitly charging theym to come unto his said
Highnes, resonably accompanyed according to their astates and de-
grees, to answer unto their said accusations ; which to doo they pre-
sumptuously refused, and withdrew themselfe, and fled with their
felaship into Lancashire ; soo as his said Highness with his host for
lak of vitaill might not follow them, to the intent that they might
gadre his subgettes in gretter nombre, and to be able to performe
their said fals and traiterous purpose and entent; for the which
causes they have deserved to be published as fals trai tours and re-
NOTES. 55
belles, and to have the uttermost punition of the law ; yet, nathelesse,
our said Soveraigne Lord considering the nighness of blood that they
be of unto him, and the tendre love which he hath afore time borne
to theym, were therefore loth to lese theym, if they wold submit!
theym to his grace, and put hym in suertie of their good demeaning
hereafter.
" Wherefore our said Sovereigne Lord woll, and in the most straitest
wyse chargeth, the said Due and Erie, that they, in their persones,
come in humble and obeysant wyse, and appier afore his Highnes
the xxviij. day of this present month of March, Wednesday next, or
afore, wheresoever he than shall be, to answer unto the said accusa-
tions; which if they woll soo doo, and come declare theymselfe nat
guilty, his Highness woll be thereof right glad, and have hem in his
grace and favour ; and if they refuse thus to doo, then our said Sove-
raigne Lord reputeth, taketh, and declareth thaym as his rebelles
and traitoures, willing and straitly charging all his subgetts to doo
the same, and that noon of his subgetts from that time forth receive
theym, ne eyther of theym ayd, favour, or assist with mete, drink,
ne money, or otherwise, ne noon other persone which, after the said
Due and Erie have refused to come to our said Soverain Lord as is
aforesaid, abydeth with theym, or aydeth theym, or assisteth in any
wise ; but that every of the King's subgetts putte hem in effectuell
devir to take the said Due and Erie, and all other soo abyding with
theym, or aiding or assisting theym, as is abovesaid, and theym
suerly bring to his Highnes uppon peyn of deth ; And he that taketh
and bringeth the said Due or Erie shall have for his reward, to hym
and his heires, an C. li. worth of his lond of yerely value, or M1. li.
in redy money, at his election ; and for a knyght xx.li. worth of his
lond, or C. marc in money; and for a squyer x. li. worth of his lond,
or xl. li. in money; and over that cause our said soveraigne Lord to
have hym and theym soo doing in the more tendre favour of his good
grace at all tymes hereafter.
56 NOTES.
" Et hoc sub periculo incumbenti nullatenus omittas. Teste Rege
apud Eborum xxiiij0 die Martii.
" PER IPSUM REGEM.
" Consimilia brevia diriguntur vicecomitibus in Com' subscriptis
sub data predicta, videlicet,
" Majori et vicecomitibus Civitatis London'." (&c.)
*' Rex Vicecomiti Eborum Salutem. Praecipimus tibi firmiter in-
jungentes, quod, statim post receptionem prcesentium, in singulis locis
infra ballivam tuam, tarn infra libertates quam extra, ubi magis ex-
pediens videris, ex parte nostra publicas proclamationes fieri facias,
in haec verba —
" Howbeit that the King our Soveraigne Lord graunted unto
Georg Duke of Clarence, and Richard Earl of Warrewyk, his par-
don generall of all offences committed and doone ayenst him, afore
the fest of Cristemasse last past ; trusting thereby to have caused
theym to have shewed unto hym theyr naturall love, ligeaunce, and
duetee, and to have assisted his Highnesse, as well in subdueing in-
surrections and rebellyons late made ayenst him in the Counte of
Lincolne, as in all other things concerning the suertee of his persone ;
and in trust that they wold soo have done according to their pro-
misses to hyra made, his said Highnesse auctorised theym, by his
commission under his great seall, to assemble his subgietts in certain
shires, and them to have brought unto his said Highnesse, to th'en-
tent aforesaid ; yet the said Duke and Erie unnaturally, unkindely,and
untruly entending his destruction, and the subversion of his reaume,
and the commonwele of the same, and to make the seid Duke King
of this his said Reaume, ayenst God's lawe, mannes lawe, all reason
and conscience, dissimiled with his said Highness ; and under colour
thereof, falsly and traitorously provoked, laboured, and stured, as
well by their writings as otherwise, Sir Robert Welles, late calling
himselfe Grete Capitayne of the commons of the said Shire of Lincolne,
NOTES, 57
to continue the said insurrections and rebellions, and to levee werre
ayenst him, as they by the same soo did, with banners displayed,
avauncing theymselfe in pleyn bataille, unto the time his said
Highness, by the help of God, put theym to flyght ; wherein the
said Duke and Erie promytted to the said Sir Robert and Commons
to have yeven theym their assistences to the uttermost of their powers,
and soo wold have doone, yf God ne had yeven unto hym the said
victorye, as the same Sir Robert Welles, Sir Thomas de la Laund,
Richard Waryng, and other, have openly confessed and shewed be-
fore his said Highness, the Lordes of his blode, and the multitude of
his subgietts attending upon him in his host at this time ; which Sir
Robert Welles, and the other pety Captaynes, affermed to be true at
their dethes, uncompelled, unstured, or undesired soo to doe ; and as
by the confession of the said Sir Robert Wells, made under his
writyng and sign manuell, it appereth ; and after that the said Duke
and Erie, understanding and seing that this ther said labours wold
not serve in the performing of their fals and traiterous purpose, afore
declared, laboured, by their writings and messages sent into Yorke-
shire to dyvers persones there, theym streitly charging to doo make
open proclamations in their owne names, without mention makeing
of his said Highness, that all manner men, uppon peyn of deth,
should come unto theym, and yeve theym their assistence in resisting
of him ; whereupon his said Highnesse sent unto the said Duke
and Erie, by Garter Kyng of Armes, summonition and warnyng of
their said accusations undre his privie seal, straitly charging theym
to come unto his said Highness resonably accompanyed, according
to their astates and degrees, to answere to their said accusations ;
which to doo they presumptuously refused, and withdrewe themselfe,
and fled with their felaship into Lancashire, soo as his said Highness
with his host, for lake of vitayl, might not follow theym, to th'entent
that they might gather his subgetts in greter noumbre, and to be
hable to perfourme their said fals and trayterous purpose and entent ;
ffor which causes they have deserved to be published as fals traitours
CAMD. soc. 10. i
58 NOTES.
and rebells, and to have the uttermost punytion of the lawe. Yet
nathelesse our said soveraigne Lord considered the nyghnesse of
of blode which they be of unto him, and the tender love which he
hath afore time borne to theym, therefore was loth to have lost theym,
yf they would have submitted theym to his grace, and to have put
hym in suertee of their good beryng hereafter ; wherefore he sent his
writts of proclamation unto dyvers open places, straitly charging
theym to have come and appered in their persones afore his High-
ness in humble and obeysaunt wyse, the xxviijth. day of this present
month of Marche or before, to have aunswered unto the said accusa-
tions, shewing by the same that yf they soo would have done, and
could have declared theymselfe not guilty, his Highness would have
be therewith right gladd, and have had theym in his grace and favour,
and that, though they soo cowde not have doon, yet his Highness
would not have forgeten their seid nighness of blode, ne the love
and favour that he aforetime bare to theym, but wold have ministred
to theym ryghtwyssely his lawes with favour and pitee shewyng ;
which they did not, but obstinately refused soo to doo, and dayly
aftir withdrew theymself more and more from his Highness ; and
after the said proclamations, made as before, it hath be evidently
shewed by open confessions made at his citee of Yorke, afore our
said Soveraigne and his Lordes than there being with hym, by dy-
vers persones of grete reputation, that the seid Duke and Erie in-
tended the final 1 destruction of his most royall persone, and the sub-
version of this his reaume, and the commonwele of the same, which
confessions the said persones have affirmed by their solempne othes,
made upon the receyving of the blessed sacrament, to bee faithfull
and true ; wherefore, the praemisses considered, and the grete obsti-
nacy which they shewed hemself to be of, and yet doo contrarye to
their ligeaunce, faith, and duetee, our said soveraigne Lord, to the
example of all other like offenders, reputeth, taketh, and declareth
the said Duke and Erie as his Rebelles and Traytours, willing and
straitly charging all his subgetts to doo the same; and that noon of
NOTES. 59
his said subgetts from hensforth receyve theym, ne eyther of theym,
ayd, favour, or assist with mete, drynke, or money, or otherwise ;
nor noo other persone beyng with, or adhering to them, or either of
theym, but that every of his said subgetts putt hem in effectuell de-
voyr to take the said Duke and Erie, and the seid persones soe being
with hem, or adhering to theym, or either of theym, and hem surely
bring to the King, upon peyn of deth, and forfaiture of all that they
may forfait ; and he that soo doth shall have for his reward of either
of theym C. li. worth of land by yere to him, and to his heires, or a
M1. li. in redy money at his election.
" Et hoc nullatenus omittas. Teste meipso apud Notingham xxxj°.
die Martii.
" PER IPSUM REGEM."
(Here follow the names of counties,)
(From Madox's transcripts in the British Museum. MS. Add.
4614.)
P. 8, 1. 24. — Wove. So in MS. for vowe.
P. 9, 1. 32. — Kynge Henry schuld rejoyse the kyngdome. " On halmesse
evyn, abowt thre after noyne, comyn into the Comowne Howus, the
Lordys spiritual and temporal, excepte the Kyng, the Duk of York,
and hys sonys ; And the Chawnceler reherset the debate had bytwyn
owre soveren Lord the Kyng and the Duk of York upon the tytelys
of Inglond, Fraunce, and the Lordschep of Erlond, wyche mater was
debat, arguet, and disputet by the seyd lordes spiritual and temporal
byfore owre soveren Lord and the Duk of York longe and diverse
tymys. And at the last, by gret avyce and deliberacion, and by the
assent of owre soveryn Lord and the Duk of York, and alle the
lordes spiritual and temporal ther assemelyd by vertu of thys present
parlement, assentyt, agreyt, and acordyt, that owre sovereyne Lord
the Kyng schal pessabylly and quyetly rejoys and possesse the
crowne of Inglond and of Fraunce and the Lordchip of Irlond, with
al hys preemynences, prerogatyves, and liberteys duryng hys lyf.
And that after hys desese the coroun, etc. schal remayne to Rychard
GO NOTES.
Duk of York, as rytlie inheryt to hym, and to hys issue, prayng and
desyring ther the coraownes of Tnglond, be vertu of tbys present par-
lement assemylet, to comyne the seyd mater, and to gyff' therto her
assent. The wyche comyns, after the mater debatet, coinynt, grawntyt,
and assentyt to the forseyd premisses. And ferthermore was granted
and assentyt, that the seyd Duk of York, the Erl of March, and of
Rutlond, schul be sworne that they schuld not compas ne conspyrene
the kynges deth ne hys hurt duryng hys lyf. Ferthermore the forseyd
Duk schulcle be had, take, and reportyt as eyr apparent prince and
ryth inheryter to the crowne aboveseyd. Ferthermore for to be had
and take tresoun to ymagyne or compas the deth or the hurt of the
seyd Duk, wythe othyr prerogatyves as long to the prince and eyr
parawnt. And flerthermore the seyd Duk and hys sonys schul have
of the Kyng yerly x.M1. marces, that is to sey, to hemself v.M1., to
the Erl of Marche iijM1., the Erl of Rutlond ijM1. marces. And
alle these matey rs agreyd, assentyt, and inactyt by the auctorite of thys
present parlement. And ferthermore, the statutes mad in the tyme
of Kyng Herry the fowrth, wherby the croune was curtaylet to hys
issu male, utterly anullyd and evertyth, wyth alle other statutes and
grantys mad by the seyd Kynges days, Kyng Herry the V. and
Kyng Herry the vjte, in the infforsyng of the tytel of Kyng Herry
the fourth in general." — Rot. Harl. C. 7, Membr. 4, dorso.
The following document, from Chart. Antiq. Cotton. XVII. 11,
is exceeding curious, and I take the opportunity of inserting it here.
" Jhesus. Maria. Johannes.
.... the most nobylle and Crysten prynce, oure most dradde sove-
rayne Lorde Kynge Hary the syxte, verrey true undoutyde Kynge
of Englonde and of Fraunce, nowe beynge in the hondys of hys re-
bellys and gret en[e]my, Edwarde, late the Erl of Marche, usurpur,
oppressour, and distroyer of oure seyde Soverayn Lorde, and of the
nobylle blode of the reme of Englonde, and of the trewe commenes
NOTES. 61
of the same, by hys myschevus and inordinate newe founden lawes
and ordenaunces inconveniant, to the uttyrmoste destruccion of the
goode commenes of the seyde reme of Englonde ; yf yt so schulde
contenne ffor the reformacion wherof, in especialle for the comen-
welle of alle the seyde reme, the ry3t hyghe and my3ty Prynce
George Duke [of] Clarens, Jasper Erl of Penbroke, Richarde Erl
of Warewyke, and Johnne Erl of Oxenforde, as verrey and trewe
fey3tfulle cosyns, subgettes, and liege men to oure seyde soveraine
Lorde Kynge Harry the syxt, by sufficiante autorite commysyd unto
theme in thys behalfe, be the hole voyse and assent of the moste
nobylle pryncesse Margaret, Quene of Englonde, and the Ryjt Hyje
and my3ty Prynce Edwarde, atte thys tyme beyng Quene,* into thys
reme to putte theme in ther moste uttermoste devers to dylyver oure
seyd Sopheraine Lord oute of hys grete captivite, and daungere of
hys enmyes, unto hys liberte, and by the grace of Gode to rest hym
in his rialle estate, and crowne of thys hys seyd reme of Englond,
and reforme and amende alle the grete myschevus oppressions,
and alle odyr inordinate abusions, nowe raynynge in the seyde reme,
to the perpetualle pese, prosperyte, to the comene welfare of thys
reme. Also ytt ys fully concludyd and grauntyde that alle mail
men within the reme of Englonde, of whatt estat, degre, condicion
that they be of, be fully pardonede of alle maner tresoun or trespace
imagenyd or done, in eny maner of wyse contrary to ther legeyns,
agayne oure soveraine Lorde the Kynge, the Quene, and my Lorde
the prynce, before the day of comynge and entre of the sayde Duke
and Erles in thys sayde reme ; so that they putte them in ther utter-
most dever, and att thys tyme drawe them to the compeny of the
seyde Duke and Erles, to helpe and to fortefy theme in ther purpose
and jorney ; excepte suche persons as be capitalle enmyes to oure
seyde soferaine Lorde, withowte punyschement of the'whyche god
pece and prosperite of thys reme canuatte be had ; and excepte alle
suche as atte thys tyme make any rescistens ageyns the seyde Duke
* This sentence is transposed in the document.
62 NOTES.
and Erlys, or eny of theme, or of ther compeny. Also the sayde Duke
and Erlys, in the name and behalfe of oure seyde soferaine Lorde
Kynge Harry the syxt, chargyne and commawndyne that alle maner
of men, that be betwen xvj. yeres and Ixti., incontinently and imme-
diatly aftyr thys proclamacion made, be redy, in ther best aray defen-
sabell, to attende and awayte upponne the sayde Duke and Erlys, to I
aschyst theme in ther jorney, to the entente afore rehercyd, upponne
payne of dethe and forfiture of alle that they [may forfeyte] , withinne
the reme of Englond ; excepte suche persons as be visette with syk-
nesse, or with suche noune poure that they may not go."
P. 10, /. 12. — Inhabytauntes, So in MS. for inheritaunces.
P. 11, 1. 12. — The Harl. MS. 7353, is a most curious roll on vellum,
containing pictures on one side representing parts of scripture his-
tory, and on the other assumed similar transactions in the life of
Edward IV. We have, I. The King on his throne. II. The King
encouraging his soldiers. III. The King with a triple sun shining
upon him through three golden crowns, and saying " Domine ! quid
vis me facere ?" IV. Pardoning Henry after the battle of Northamp-
ton. V. Setting sail for Calais. At the bottom is a genealogical
tree, with portraits of all the members of the houses of York and
Lancaster, very fantastically arranged.
/. 12. — Dufce of Burgeyne, Charles the Bold, Duke of Bur-
gundy, married Edward's sister on the 18th of June, 1467. It was
to this marriage that Edward owed his preservation abroad, and the
final recovery of his kingdom. An account of the marriage, with the
reception of the Princess in Flanders, may be seen in MS. Cotton.
Nero, C. ix. Cf. Cart. Antiq. Mus. Brit. XI. 54.
I. 2-2.—Wrott in alle his lettres. Cf. MS. Harl. 7, fol. 64, r° ;
Sir Harris Nicolas's Chronology of History, p. 304; Cart. Antiq.
Mus. Brit. XXII. 42.
P. 12, I. 5. — Was lost in his tyrne. This was a never-failing source
of rebuke against Henry ; so Ocland says —
" Quippe erat Henricus quintus, dux strenuus olim,
Mortuus hinc damni gravior causa atque doloris."
NOTES. 03
Anglorum praelia. Edit. 1582. Edward, in one of his earlier procla-
mations, says, " HE that directeth the hertes of all Princes" hath
" putte in oure remembraunce the lamentable state and rayne of this
reaume of Englond, and the losse of th'obeissaunce of the reaunie of
Fraunce, and Duchies of Guyenne, and Normandie, and Anjou."
Rot. Claus. 1 Edw. IV. m. 38, dorso.
P. 12, 1. 26. — Revertimini, &c. This is perhaps quoted from memory,
for the reading in the Latin Vulgate is Convertimini filii revertentes,
dicit Dominus, quia ego vir vester ; which is thus translated, — "Turn,
O backsliding children, saith the Lord, for I am married unto you ;"
Jeremiah, iii. 14. It is almost unnecessary to remark that this is
the sermon with which it was usual to preface the opening of a par-
liament ; the present one was most admirably fitted for the occasion.
P. 13, /. 6. — Was behedede. " His diebas cuptus est ille trux carni-
fex, et hominum decollator horridus, Comes de Wacester, et in
Turri Londonie incarceratus, et in breve prope dictam turrim decapi-
tatus, et apud Fratres Predicatores, juxta Ludgate, obscure sepultus."
— MS. Arundel, Coll. Arm. 5, fol. 171, v°. This coming from a
partizan of the same side with the Earl, at a period when party
politics necessarily ran so high, is strikingly conclusive of that noble-
man's character. Cf. Chron. p. 9, 1. 13 — 21.
/. 30. — At Ravenyspore. See Mr. Jones's Essay on the Rival
Roses, p. xxv.
P. 14, 1. 11. — Nevere wulde clay me no title. He took a solemn oath
to that effect ; Cf. MS. Sloan. 3479, and MS. Harl.,2408.
/. 21. — Ml. M1. i. e. two thousand.
P. 15, /. 18. — And in dyner tyme Kynge Edwarde was late in. Edward
was admitted into London on the llth of April. The Archbishop
suffered himself to be taken at the same time, but was released in two
days afterwards, and obtained full pardon. There is one remarkable
circumstance in this pardon ; it remits all crimes before April the
13th, and yet is dated April the 10th, the day probably on which the
Archbishop agreed with Edward to admit him into the city. See
64 NOTES.
Carte's History of England, book 13, p. 787, n., and Fcedera, XI.
709. Warkworth remarks very strongly upon his conduct at p. 26 of
his Chronicle. Cf. MS. Bib. Coll. Trin. Oxon. 62 (10).
P. 16, 1. 14. — The sunne with stremys. The crest of the Kynaston
coat is supposed to have been assumed from this time, and in allu-
sion to this event.
1. 29, 30. — And ther was slayne. A very comprehensive list is
given in MS. Arundel, Mus. Brit. 28, fol. 25, v°. The brass matrix
of the seal of the Earl of Warwick, taken from him when he was
slain, is in the British Museum ; an impression may be seen among
the charters, xxxiv. 33.
P. 17, /. 6. — Lord Barnes sonne and heyre. Sir Humphrey Bourchier.
His gravestone remains in Westminster Abbey, denuded of his figure
in brass plate, but retaining an epitaph of fourteen Latin hexameters,
commemorative of his prowess and the scene of his death. They com-
mence—
Hie pugil ecce jacens, Bernett fera bella cupiscens,
Certat ut Eacides, &c. &c.
See engravings in Gough's Sepulchral Monuments, vol. II. pi.
LXXXVI ; Harding's Antiquities in Westminster Abbey, pi. viu. It
may be remarked that the word in the eighth line read parvulus by
Gough, &c. is really p^mulus, i. e.primulus, used instead of primus for
the sake of the metre. — J. G. N.
/. 7. — Lord Say. This nobleman was formerly on the Lan-
castrian side, but received Edward's pardon on the 5th of May, 1462 ;
Chart. Antiq. Mus. Brit. VIII. 13.
1. 31-2. — Kynge Herry was put into the Toure ayene. See
Devon's Issue Rolls of the Exchequer, p. 491.
P. 18, I 1. — And gaderet grete peple. Bouchet, in Les Annales
d'Acquitaine, says that there were plus de Ix. mil homines armez. Edit.
Par. 1558, fol. 121, v°.
/. 8. — And ther he made a felde. The place where the battle
of Tewkesbury was fought is now called Glaston Meadow. — Rudder's
History of Gloucestershire, p. 736. I have been further assured that
NOTES. 65
this field is now called the Bloody-Field by the common people living
near the spot.
P. 18, /. 16.— Cf. Memoires Olivier de la Marche. Edit. Brux. 1616, p.
502.
/. 19. — And there was slayne in the felde Prynce Edward. —
" Confectus apud Tewkysbery per Edwardum Regem quartum."
Rot. Harl. C. 7, Memb. 5.
P. 19, I. 3, 4.— Were behedede. The prior of St. John's in Smith-
field was among them. — MS. Arund. Coll. Arm. 5, fol. 171, v°.
/. 4. — No^twithstondynge the Kynges pardon. Edward's policy
was despotic in the extreme ; he told De Comines that it was his
object to spare the common people, but cut off the gentry. The de-
struction of these noblemen and gentlemen was an awful example of
his barbarity, as well as his deficiency of common honesty.
/. 28. — At Algale and at London Brygge. " Super pontem
Londonie, cum dominibus quibusdam adjacentibus, combusserunt, et
similiter alias juxta Algate succederunt." — MS. Arundel, Coll.
Arm. 5, fol. 171, v°. In MS. Arundel, Mus. 28, fol. 25, v°, this
event is stated to have taken place on the 14th of May, — xiiij0. die
niensis Maij supra diet' ; the anonymous scribbler of the notes in this
MS. informs us that Lord Rivers put the Bastard to flight.
P. 20, /. 9. — Juperdy, i. e. jeopardy.
1. 15. — See this proverb illustrated in Sir Walter Scott's novel
of the Abbot, iii. 91-2.
I. 19. — Was behedtde. This event took place two days before
Michaelmas day in the same year, and his head was placed upon
London Bridge " lokyng into Kent warde." — Paston Correspondence,
ii. 82. Cf. MS. Arundel, Mus. Brit. fol. 25, v°.
P. 21, 1. 1, 2. — And ther he was worschipfully receyvid. " Eodem
mensis Maii die xxj°. rediit Rex Edwardus ad civitatem Londonie,
cum nobili triumpho."— MS. Arundel, Mus. Brit. 28, fol. 25, v°. The
same writer says that he brought Queen Margaret with him in curru
precedente exercitum. In this triumph he was accompanied by the
CAMD. SOC. 10. K
<;»; NOTES.
Dukes of Clarence, Gloucester, Norfolk, Suffolk, and Buckingham ;
also the Earls of Northumberland, Shrewsbury, Rivers, Essex,
Worcester, Pembroke, &c. See the long list given in the same MS.
P. 21, I. 4. — Was putt to dethe. " He dyid put to silence in the Tour
of London, the xxj. day of May, a°. 1471, buryid first at Chertesey
and after at Wyndesore." — Rot. Lansd. Mus. Brit. 6. In the old
ballad of the " Wandering Jew's Chronicle" this event is thus versi-
fied :—
'' I saw the white and red rose fight,
And Warwick gret in armour bright,
In the Sixth Henries reign ;
And present was that very hour,
When Henry was in London Tower,
By Crookt-backt Richard slain."
But this subject has been so much before the reader that I refrain
from adding more. I give, however, a few references, from my mis-
cellaneous notes, which may assist any future inquirer who desires
to investigate more at length into various matters connected with the
popular opinion of Henry VI. after his death, his burial places,
&c. : — Widmore's History of Westminster Abbey, pp. 118-120 ; Ash-
moles History of the Order of the Garter, p. 136 ; MS. Cotton. Cleop.
E. Hi; Monast. 1.277; British Topographer, II. 112, n; Gent. Mag.
LVI. ; MS. Cole Collect. XLII. 378 ; ib. XIII ; Hormanni Vulgaria,
Lond. 1519, fol. 3, r° ; Harrington on the Statutes, p. 253; Parker
Antiq. Brit. Eccl. 229, edit. Drake, p. 447 ; Fullers Church History,
IV. 153; Wilkinss Condi. IV. 635; Spelman, II. 720; Walpoles
Fugitive Pieces ; MS. Sloan. 1441.
/. 11. — Caryed to Chyrchesey Abbey in a bote. Henry's body
was protected by soldiers from Calais, and, rather singularly, for the
possession of that city had been a hard point of contention between
the rival parties. The extreme anxiety of Queen Margaret to possess
it, may be seen from a very curious document now preserved in the
Royal Archives of France, and the title of which is given in MS.
Addit. Mus. Brit. 9346, fol. 116, r°.
NOTES. (57
In the Issue Rolls of the Exchequer, we find money paid to Hugli
Brice on the 24tb of June for the expenses of Henry's funeral, for
conveying his body from the Tower to St. Paul's, and from thence to
Chertsey. From these and several other statements of expences in
the same rolls, it fully appears that every respect was paid to the
corpse ; but Mr. Devon has attempted to draw from this an argument
for the natural death of the King, not taking into consideration that
the very fact of much attention having been paid to his funeral obse-
quies would render it more than probable that it was done to conceal
the appearance of any hostile feeling : had Henry died a natural
death, it appears to me that the haste of Edward's departure into
Kent, and the length of time necessarily elapsing before he could
have become acquainted with the news, would have almost rendered
any definite orders for his funeral next to impossible. Many writers
have committed the error of affirming that Henry was buried without
honours. — Camdens Britannia, edit. Gough, I. 167.
P. 21, 1. 14. — The names of these aldermen are given by Stowe,
Edit. 1755, Survey of London, II. 222.
/. 23. — One Fauntt of Canterbury. In the Issue Roll of the
Exchequer, 11 Ed. IV. we find the sum of I/. 3s. 4d. paid to one John
Belle, for the value of a horse and harness to conduct this Nicholas
Faunte from the Tower of London to the King, then in Kent. Hasted
is one of the very few writers who quotes Warkworth's Chronicle,
which he does on this point. — History of Kent, IV. 433.
In the Introduction I have extracted from Lidgate's poem on the
Kings of England ; and, for want of a better situation, I here give
another version of the stanzas on the reigns of Henry VI. and
Edward IV. from a MS. of the commencement of the sixteenth
century : —
" The vj'h Henry his sone was after him fosterde in all vertu,
By just titull and by inheritaunce,
By grace afore provyde of Criste Jhesu,
To were ij crownes bothe in Inglande and in Fraunce.
68 NOTES.
Above erthly thingis all God was in his remembraunce ;
What vertuus lyfe he led his myraculis now declare 1
xxxix. yere he bare dyadym and septure,
InWyndesore College of the Garter he lyethe in his sepulture.
" After Henry the vjlh, Goddis campyoun and trewe knyght,
Edward the iiijlh obteynede Septure and Crowne,
From the hy Plantagenate havynge titule and right,
xxij. yere the saide Edwarde flowerede withe wysdome, riches and renowne.
Grete welthe and plente in his dayes all penery put downe,
All Cristyn princes were glade withe hym amyte to make,
Whiche onely with a loke made Fraunce and Scotlande to quake ;
In the College of the Garter where he governoure was and hede,
He chase the place of his sepulture, for his body to be beriede in when he was dede.1'
MS. Bib. Reg. 18 D. II. fol. 182. v°.
This version is completely remodelled ; the MS. Sloan. 1986 (fol.
199, r°. — 213, v°.) contains another different edition of the fifteenth
century.
P. 22, /. 7. — The most mervelous Uasynge sterre. See an account of
this comet in the Nuremburgh Chronicle, Edit. 1493, fol. 254, r°.
" Longum radium in modum flamme ingentis ignis emittens." — MS.
Arundel, Mus. Brit. 220, fol. 279, v°. This comet is a return of the
one described in a manuscript of the fourteenth century in Sion Col-
lege Library (xix. 2, fol. 155, v°, b.), and of which there is a drawing
on fol. 155, v°, a. Cf. MS. Trin. Cantab. R. xv. 18; Bib. Publ.
Cantab. KK. IV. 7. ; MS. Cotton. Jul. F. xi.
I give the following fragment relative to this comet from a MS. in
the library of Pembroke College, Cambridge : —
" De opinionibus aliquorum de presenti cometa.
" Quidam presumpcionis filius in consulto sermone procacique ora-
cione, volgari verbo tenus ornata, preter phisicas et astrologicas tra-
diciones, quas tamen similabat, terrenda populo prenunciavit ; sed
quoniam sermones sui a tradicionibus antiquorum sapientium similiter
et a via veritatis omnino semoti, indignos memoria eos putavi. Dice-
bat quidem, caudam comete moveri motu simili motui martis in
NOTES. 69
epiciclo, ex quo plura nitebatur concludere. Sed quoniam, ut poste-
rius dicitur, ipsa minus mobilis erat capite comete, imo etiam semper
versus occidentem verum [quidjem ex circumvolucione ejus promo-
turn diurno cauda ipsius quandoque respiciebat orientem, sed nunquam
movebatur versus orientem. Etiam uno die omnes differencias posi-
cionis mundi respiciebat ; mars autem in suo epiciclo nequaquam
ita faciebat. Et forsan nullus planetarum epiciclum habet quod
magis putandum opinor. Dicebant et alii, cometam a suo astro sicut
ferrum a magnete trahi ; cui dissonant dicta partis prime de motu
cometarum. Et etiam quoniam motus tractus per lineam fit brevis-
simam. Alio non existenti impedimento continuo mobili ad trahens
approximante. Ipso quoque mobili existenti cum trabente, fixum,
ad modum ligati, detineretur ; quoniam ibi finis est motus tractus.
Haec patent septimo phisicorum libro ad concavum orbis lune delatus
fuisset ; horum contrarium experiencia lucidissime edocuit, quoniam
nulli planetarum conabatur ab omnibus. Discedendo ab ecliptica
diversitas, etiam aspectus ejus, ad Stellas sibi vicinas, certificavit
ipsum magis distare a concavo orbis lune quam a terra, in triple fere.
Aliqui eciam ni" . . . are\.
Much more matter relative to this comet might have been given,
but, as these notes have already been extended disproportionately
to the length of the text, I reserve them for another occasion.
Cf. MS. Tann. Bodl. 2. fol. 56, r°.
P. 22, /. 10. — Rather=earlier.
P. 23, I, 6-7. — The viij. day after Michaelmasse. " About x. of the
cloke afore none, the King come into the Parlement chamber in his
Parlement robes, and on Tiis bed a cap of mayntenaunce, and sat in
his most Royall Majeste, having before hym his Lordes spirituall and
temporall, and also the speker of the Parlement, which is called
William Alyngton."— MS. Bib. Cotton. Jul. C. vi. fol. 255, r°.
/. 25. — Axes= Aches.
/. 33. — Womere. So in MS. but should be wemer.e.
P. 24, /. 4. — A tokene of derthe. See Mr. Thorns' s Anecdotes and
70 NOTES.
Traditions (p. 122), for one instance of this curious superstition ; Mr.
Thorns refers to Grimm's Mythology for more examples.
P. 24, /. 13. — Lavaham, i. e. Lewisham.
1. 15. — Sulhsex. A mistake in MS. for Surrey.
/. 20. — A pytte in Kent, in Langley Parke. This is probably
the place where the small stream mentioned in Hasted's History of
Kent (II. 140.) took its rise, and joins the river Medway on the
south side of it, about half a mile above Maidstone.
1. 23. — And this yere he is drye. This passage shows that
these notes of prognosticative prodigies were penned in the same year
in which they happened.
P. 25 1. 12. — Hade purchased and byllede. Moor Park in Hertford-
shire, now the seat of the Marquess of Westminster. Clutterbuck
(History of Hertfordshire, i. 191) states that the Archbishop had
license to inclose 600 acres of pasture and land in Rickmersworth
and Watford for a park, and to embattle the site of the manor of
Moor in Rickmersworth ; and quotes for authority Pat. 9. H. VI.
in. 1 o ; but George Neville was then unborn, and on further inquiry
we find that the grant was made five years earlier, to Henry (Beau-
fort) Bishop of Winchester : " Quod Henr' Ep'us Winton' et alii
possint kernell' manerium suam de More in Rickmansworth, ac im-
parcare sexcent, acras terrae, &c. ac liber' warrenn ' ib'rn." 2 Pat.
4 Hen. VI. m. 10.— J. G. N.
P. 26, I. 16. — Thens into Fraunce asailed. i. e. sailed thence into
France.
/. 24. — xxti. score men save iij. William of Worcester, who is
probably correct, says only eighty men (Itin. 122.) ; — " memorandum
quod comes de Oxford per quinque annos preteritos die Martis in
crastino Sancti Michaelis, tempore quo Fortescue armig. fuit vice-
comes Cornubiae, applicuit ad castrum Mont Mychelle cum LXXX
hominibus. Et contra xi millia hominum armatorum ex parte domini
Regis Edwardi quarti dictum comitem obsedebant per xxm septi-
manas, videlicet usque diem sabbati proxima ante diem martis car-
NOTES. 71
niprivii voc. le clansyng days pro cum domino Rege demittebat
fortalicium eundo ad dominum Regem."
P. 27, 1. 5. — xx. xiij. — A mistake in MS. for xxiij.
/. 11. — comaunde, i. e. communed.
It was only at the eleventh hour that I was informed that the first
notice I have inserted (Introd. p. viii.) of the death of Henry VI.
has been previously printed by Sir Frederick Madden in the Collec-
tanea Topographica et Genealogica, i. 278, 280.
I may also observe that Merlin's prophecy of bellum inter duos dra-
cones, videlicet album et rubeum, was completely fulfilled in the wars of
the Roses.— Cf. MS. Cotton. Vespas. B. x. fol. 23, vo.
INDEX.
Alnwick, 2, 37.
Alyngton, William, Speaker of the Par-
liament, 69.
Angel nobles, 4, 40.
Astley, Sir John, K.G. 39.
Audley, Lord, 46, 48.
Audley, Sir Humphrey, 18.
Awdlay, John, the blind poet, xiv.
Bamborough, Castle of, besieged, 2, 37.
Yielded by treaty, 3.
Banbury, Battle of, 6, 44.
Barnet, Battle of, 16.
Bassett, John, 19.
Beaumont, Lord, 27.
Bedford, Duchess of, 46.
Bedford, George Neville created
Duke of, 4.
Bedle, Dr. 43.
Berners (or Barnesse), Lord, 15.
Blackheath, 20.
Black Jakis, beheaded, 39.
Bodrygan, Sir Henry, of Cornwall, 27.
Bolton, relics of King Henry VI. at, 43.
Bourchier, Sir Humphrey, 17, 64.
CAMD. SOC. 10.
Bourchier, Abp. of Canterbury, 15.
Bracewell, 43.
Bradshaw, beheaded, 39.
Brasilia, Sir P. le. Assists Queen Mar-
garet, 2, 33.
Bridgewater, the Earl of Devonshire be-
headed at, 7.
Bristol, King Edward's reception at,
Thomas Herbert slain at, 7,31, 32.
Broke, Sir George, 19.
Bungerley hyppyngstones, 5, 41.
a'Burgh, Sir Thomas, 8.
Burgundy, Charles Duke of, 11, 62.
Butler, John, beheaded, 40.
Bryte, William, beheaded, 40.
Calais, 6, 19, 21.
Cannon, or the King's great guns, their
names at the siege of Bamborough
Castle, 38.
Canterbury, 19, 21.
Cantlow, William, 40.
Cary, Sir William, 18.
Cawerum, Richard, beheaded, 40.
Chapman, John, beheaded, 40.
L
INDEX.
Chertsey Abbey, interment of Henry VI.
at, 21, 66.
Chester herald, 37.
Clarence, Duke of. Creation, 1. Goes
to Calais and marries the Earl of
Warwick's daughter, 6. Causes the
Lincolnshire rebellion, 8. Escapes
to France, 9. Collects an army, 10.
Turns traitor to Henry, 15. His
manifesto against Edward, 46 — 51.
Clifton, Sir Gervase, 18.
Clyfford, Thomas, 14, 27.
Cocfeld, Robert, beheaded, 40.
Coinage, change of the, 4, 40.
Colinley, David, 41.
Comets, 5, 9, 22, 68.
Conqueror, Robert, beheaded, 40.
Contour, John, 7.
Conyers, James, 7.
Conyers, Sir John, 7, 45.
Conyers, Sir William. Heads an insur-
rection in Yorkshire, 6, 44.
Cooke, Sir Thomas, arrested, 5.
Courtenay, Kerry, heir of the Earldom
of Devon, beheaded, 6.
Courtenay, Sir Hugh (styled Earl of
Devon by the Lancastrians) 10, 17 ;
slain at Tewkesbury, 18.
Courtenay, Walter, 18.
Cromwell, Lord, slain at Barnet, 17.
Crosby, Sir John, 21.
Croydon, Spring at, 24.
Dawsonn, William, beheaded, 40.
De la Lond. -See Laund.
Delvis, Sir John, 18. James, ibid.
Devonshire, Countess of, 19.
Devonshire, Humphrey Stafford, Earl
of, creation, 1, 30. The cause of
Kerry Courtenay's death, 6. Em-
ployed against the insurrection of
Conyers, ibid. Denounced by the
Duke of Clarence, 46, 48. Beheaded
at Bridgwater, 7. See Courtenay.
Dimock, Sir Thomas, rebels and be-
headed, 8.
Doncaster, 38.
Donne, Harry and John, 7.
Dudley, Oliver, 7, 45.
Dunsmore Heath, miraculous voice at,?4.
Dunstonbrugh, 2, 37.
Dynham, Lord. Creation, 1. Commis-
sioner on trial of Kentish rebels, 21 .
Edgcote, near Banbury, battle of, 6, 44.
Edward IV. Coronation, 1,29. Holds a
parliament, ibid. Conquers castles in
Northumberland, 2. Money granted
to him, 3. Marries Elizabeth Grey,
3, 30, 35. Ejects the Bishop of Exeter
from the chancellorship, ibid. Quar-
rels with the Earl of Warwick, ibid.
Restores Henry Percy Earl of North-
umberland, 4. Changes the coin of
the realm, ibid. Is taken by the
Archbishop of York, 7. Sends a par-
don to Lord Willoughby, 8. Subdues
the Lincolnshire insurrection, ibid.
Goes to Southampton, 9. Informed
of Montagu's treachery, 11. Escapes
to France, ibid. Reason for his po-
pularity, ibid. His wife, Elizabeth;
goes into sanctuary, 13. Returns to
INDEX.
England and lands at Ravenspore,
ibid. Suffered, by a stratagem, to
pass through York, 14. Proclaims
himself King at Nottingham, ibid.
Is admitted into the city of London,
15. Goes towards Barnet, ibid. Wins
the field of Barnet, 16. Gains the
• battle of Tewkesbury, 18. Pardons
the prisoners, ibid. Breaks his pro-
mise by condemning them, 19. Knights
the Aldermen of the city of Lon-
don, 21. Goes into Kent, ibid. Calls
a parliament, 23 . Confiscates the pro-
perty of the Archbishop of York, 25.
His regnal year, 51. Roll of pictures
of the events of his life, 62.
Edward, Prince (son of King Henry).
Marriage, 9. Slain at Tewkesbury,
18, 65.
Edward, Prince (son of King Edward),
born in sanctuary at Westminster, 13.
Has the jewels, &c. of Abp. Neville,
25.
Elderbek, John, beheaded, 40.
Elizabeth, Queen, marriage, 3, 30, 35.
Flies to sanctuary at Westminster, 13.
Essex, Earl of. Creation, 1, 29. Aids
King Edward in 1470, 15.
Exeter, Henry Duke of, 2, 10, 12, 15 ;
his manly conduct at Barnet, 16 ; left
naked for dead, but escaped, 17.
• John, Duke of, poisoned, 11.
Fauconberg, Bastard of. Raises an
army in Kent, 19. Besieges London,
ibid. Goes to Kingston, ibid. Turns
to Blackheath, 20. Beheaded, 20, 65.
Fauntt, Nicholas, 20, 21, 67.
Feldyng, Sir William, 18.
Fenwyke, Thomas, beheaded, 40.
Fitzharry, Sir Thomas, 18.
Fitzhugh, Sir Edmund, beheaded, 39..
Florey, John, 18. • .
Fogge, Sir John, 21, 46, 48.
Fortescue, Sir John, 19.
Fortescue, Richard, sheriff of Cornwall,
27, 70.
Frost, great, in 1463, 3.
Fulford, Sir Baldwin, 33. Edward, 19.
J'ynderum, (or Fyndern,) Sir Thomas,
rebels, 4 ; beheaded, 40.
Gate, Sir Jeffrey, 19.
Gloucester, Duke of. Creation, 1.
Beheads the bastard Fauconberg, 20»
Present at King Henry's death, xviii.
21, 66.
Gosse, Thomas, beheaded, 40.
Gower, James, 18.
Gremyby, Sir William, 18.
Grey, Elizabeth, 3, 13. See Edw. IV.
Grey, Sir John, 3, 36.
Grey, Sir Ralph, 37. Beheaded at Don-
caster, 38.
Hammys castle, 25.
Hampden, Sir Edward, 18.
Hamptone, Sir William, 21.
Hariech castle, siege of, 33.
Haryngton, Sir James, 41, 42.
Hastings, Lord- Raised to the Peer-
age, 1. Made Lord Chamberlain,
ibid. Comes to England with King
Edward, 13.
Haward, Humphrey, arrested, 5.
76
INDEX.
Henry VI. Attainted, 1. His conceal-
ment in Lancashire, 42, 43. Taken
prisoner, 5. Taken to the Tower of
London, Hid. Insurrection in Lin-
colnshire in favour of, 8. Regains
his throne, 11. Calls a parliament,
12. Seized again, 15. Taken to
Barnet, f bid. Brought to the Tower of
London, 17. Death, xi. 21, 60. His
body brought to St. Paul's, ibid.
Carried to Chertsey, ibid. Hymn to
him after death, xviii.
Herbert, Lord. See Pembroke.
Herbert, Sir Richard. Beheaded, 7.
Herbert, Thomas, slain at Bristol, 7.
Herbert, William, of Brecknock, esq. 6.
Beheaded, 44, 45.
Herd's metrical history of Edw. IV.
extract from, xii.
Hervy, Sir Nicholas, 18.
Hexham, persons beheaded at, 39.
Hornby castle, 42.
Hot summer and dearth, 23.
Howard, John Lord, 1, 31.
Hungerford, Thomas, Lord, beheaded,
5, 6, 40.
Hunger- well in Staffordshire, 24, 70.
Hunt, Thomas, beheaded, 40.
Hunt, Walter, beheaded, 39.
Hurricane, 44.
Husye, Sir Thomas, 6, beheaded, 40.
Insurrection in the North, 4.
Irlande, Sir George, 21.
Jackson, Robert, 18.
Kenilworth castle, Lord Ryvers be-
headed at, 46.
Kent, Edmund Grey, Earl of, creation,
1, 30.
Kent, William Neville, Earl of, 29.
Kingston bridge, 19.
Kyme, Earl of, rebels, 4.
Kynaston crest, 64.
Langley Park, Kent, spring near, 24, 70.
Latimer. See Neville.
de la Laund, Sir Thomas, 8, 54, 57.
Lee, Sir Richard, 21 .
Leicester, 14.
Leukenor, Sir John, 18.
Levesey, John, 41.
Lewisham, well at, 24, 70.
Lidgate's Poem on the Kings of Eng-
land, extracts from, xxii. 67.
London, King Edward's admission to,
15, 63. Triumphant entry, 21, 65.
Lynn, King Edward embarks from, 11.
Makerell, Dr. 19.
Mallery, William, slain at Edgcote, 7.
Manning, Dr., 43.
de la Mare, Edward , beheaded, 40.
Margaret, Queen. Keeps castles in
Northumberland against Edward, 2.
Agreement with the Duke of Clarence
and the Earl of Warwick, 10. Lands
at Weymouth after the battle of Bar-
net, 17. Taken prisoner at Tewkes-
bury, 19. Her proclamation for mus-
ters, 61.
Market-street, Womere at, 24.
Massam, Nicholas, beheaded, 40.
Medetham, persons beheaded at, 40.
Merfynn, Robert, beheaded, 40.
INDEX.
77
Moleyns, Lord, rebels, 4.
Montagu, Marquis. Rebels against
Edward, 10. Slain at the Battle of
Barnet, 16. His body exhibited at
St. Paul's, 17. Buried, ibid. See
Northumberland.
Montjoy, Lord. Creation, 1.
Moor, manor of the, 25, 70.
Myles, Lewis, 18.
Nayl-bourn, Canterbury, 24.
Neville, Charles, beheaded, 7.
Neville, George, Bishop of Exeter, and
Archbishop of York, ejected from
the Chancellorship, 3, 36, 24. His
pardon, 63.
Neville, Sir Henry, 7, 45.
Neville, SirHumfrey. Beheaded, 7, 37.
Newcastle, persons beheaded at, 40.
Northumberland, Earl of. Creation, 1,
29, 36. Lord Warden of the Marches,
37. Defeats the rebellion in the
North, 4. Resigns the Earldom, and
- made Marquis Montagu, 4, 10. See
Montagu.
Northumberland, Henry Percy, Earl of.
Pardoned and restored, 4, 46.
Norys, Sir William, 14.
Nottingham, 14.
Olney, 46.
Organ, Kerry, 6, 45.
Ormond, the Earl of, 12.
Ormonde, Thomas, 19.
Oxford, John 12th Earl of, beheaded, 5.
Oxford, John 13th Earl of, sits as Con-
stable of Erjglaud at the trial of the
Earl of Worcester, 13, 61. His men
mistaken for Edward's at the battle of
Barnet, 16. Goes to Scotland, 26.
Thence to France, ibid. Enters St.
Michael's Mount, in Cornwall, ibid.
Keeps it against B odrygan and For-
tes cue, ibid. Surrenders, 27.
Padowe, lawe, 5, 44.
Pardon, general, 7, 46.
Parker, John, 19.
Parliaments, assembling of, 1,12, 23, 69.
Parr, Sir William, 25.
Peers, creation of, at the Coronation
of Edw. IV., 1, 29.
Pembroke, William Herbert Earl of.
Creation, 1,30. Takes Harlech Castle,
3. Beheaded, 46. Denounced by
the Duke of Clarence, 46, 48.
Pembroke, Jasper Tudor, Earl of,
12,61.
Penyngton, William, beheaded, 40.
Percy, Henry. See Northumberland.
Philyppe, Sir Matthew, 21.
Pigot, Sir Roger, 7.
Plummer, Sir John, arrested, 5.
Ravenspore, 10.
Richmond, Henry Earl of, 12
Riddesdale, Robin of. See Conyere.
Rochester, 20.
Rogers, William, 41,
Roos, Sir Henry, 19.
Roos, Thomas Lord, rebels, 4, 33.
Beheaded, 40.
Roselle, John, beheaded, 40.
Ryvers, Lord. Creation, 1. His daugh-
78
INDEX.
ter marries King Edward, 3. Be-
headed 7, 46.
St. John's, Lord Prior of, 18.
St. Loe, Sir John, 19.
St. Michael's Mount, Cornwall, 26.
Sandwich, 20.
Say, Lord, 11, 13, slain at Barnet, 17,
64.
Scales, Anthony Lord, 9, 19, 20, 30, 46.
Somerset, Henry Duke of. Yields up
the castle of Bamborough, 3. Rebels,
4. Beheaded, 39.
Somerset, Edmund Duke of, 10, 17, 18.
Somerset, Lord John of, 12, 17, 18.
Southampton, 9.
Spilar, William, beheaded, 60.
Springs, swelling of, a token of dearth,
24, 69.
Stafford, Lord. See Devonshire.
Stalbroke, Sir Thomas, 21.
Stanley, Sir William, 14.
Stillington, Robert, Bishop of Bath,
made Lord Chancellor, 3, 36.
Ship of the Earl of Warwick, called the
Trinity, 9.
Stoker, Sir John, 21.
Stokstone, Sir John, 21.
Suffolk, Duke of, 11,
Talbot, Sir Edmund, of Bashall, 5, 41.
Talbot, Sir Thomas. Takes King Henry
prisoner, 5, 41.
Talbot, Thomas, of Salesbury, 5, 42.
Tayliour, Sir William, 21.
Tempest, Sir John, 41.
Tewkesbury, Battle of, 18, 64.
Throgmorton, John, 19.
Thurland Castle, 41.
Todenam, Sir Thomas, 5.
Topcliffe, Warde de, beheaded, 40.
Tresham, Henry, 18. Sir Thomas, ib.
Trevylian, Daniel, 11.
Tunstall, Sir Richard. Keeps Harlech
castle, 3. Attainted, 41, 43.
Tyrelle, Sir William, slain at Barnet, 16.
Urswick, Sir Thomas, recorder of Lou-
don, 15, 21.
Vaghan, Thomas, 25.
Vaughan, Sir Roger, 6.
Vaughan, Thomas Aprossehere, 6.
Vaughan, Watkin Thomas ap, 6.
Vaus, Sir William, 18. Dame Katha-
rine, 19.
Vere, Aubrey Lord, 5.
Verney, Sir Ralph, 21.
Waddington Hall, 5, 42.
Wainflete, William, Bishop of Winches-
ter, releases King Henry from the
Tower, 11
Wake, Thomas, his son and heir, slain
at Edgecote, 7.
Wallys, John, 19.
Warde de Topcliffe, beheaded, 40.
Wareyn, or Waryng, Richard, 54, 57.
Warwick castle, King Edward a prisoner
there, 7.
Warwick, Earl of. Sent into France to
negotiate a marriage for Edw. IV., 3,
35. Quarrels with Edward, 4, 36. De-
feated at Barnet, 16. Killed, ibid.
His seal, 64.
INDEX.
Warwick herald, 37.
Warkworth's Chronicle, MS. of, i.\., xxiii.
29.
Warkworth castle, 2.
Water, Roger, beheaded, 4
Welles, Sir Robert. Insurrection, 8.
Proclamations respecting, 52, 59.
Welshmen, slain at the battle of Edge-
cote, 6.
Wemere, 23.
Wenlock, Lord, slain at Tewkesbury, 18.
Went worth, Oliver, beheaded, 40.
Wentworth, Sir Philip, 4, beheaded, 40.
Westerdale, Sir John, 13.
Whytyngham, Sir Robert, 18.
Willoughby, Lord. Takes part in the
Lincolnshire insurrection, 8. Beheaded
notwithstanding his pardon, ibid.
Wiltshire, Earl of. Creation, 1, 30.
Worcester, John Tiptoft, Earl of, Con-
stable of England, 38. Judges the
Earl of Oxford, &c. 5, and the traitors
of Lincolnshire, 9. Beheaded, 13, 63.
Wrottesley. Sir Walter, 19.
Wydvile, Sir John, beheaded, 7, 46.
Yonge, Sir John, 21.
York, Archbishop of. Marries the Duke
of Clarence to the Earl of Warwick's
daughter at Calais, 6. Arrests King
Edward, and keeps him prisoner at
Warwick castle, 7. His speech to the
Parliament in 1470, 12. His conduct
on Edward's return, 15. Hunts at
Windsor with the King, 24. Makes
preparation for the King's visit, 25.
Is disappointed, ibid. Sent to prison,
ibid.
York, King Edward's stay at, in 1464,
36. In 1470, 14. Persons beheaded
at, 7, 40.
York, Richard Duke of. Proceedings on
his being nominated next heir to
Henry VI. 59.
Yorkshire, insurrection in, 1469, 6.
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