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Illinois Institute
dTi -.ioiy
UbrariM
-(^ ^^ 4
4- t .tr
■f - ^ 4-
AT 68 ^
Eustice, Alfred L. -f t
Effects of quality of '•. ;f
surface and color upon j_
crvv
3. -u
£^Jfeci of O^i/cihiy oj JSvrJace and Color
upon
Jiksorjihon of J^iahi*
A THESIS
PRESENTED BY
TO THE
PRESIDENT AND FACULTY
OF
ARMOUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
HAVING COMPLETED THE PRESCRIBED COURSE OF STUDY IN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
O iy
PAUL V. GALVIN LIBRARY /' ^^ ' T_-^-
35 WEST 33RD STREET A) <^<^^ -t/ cXL.^ . ^^<.^0<2^
CHICAGO, IL 60616 -- _^ / '
INDEX. Page.
Introduction !•
Statement of Object !•
Selection of standard 2.
Laboratory settings of instruments 4.
Method of observation 6 .
Notation of data- 7.
Plan of apparatus, Plate #1 8.
Samples of paper wall coverings 9.
Samples of tapestry burlaps _-.--^ — 10.
Curve of green / red ratio --11.
Calibration of photometer -— 12.
Data on papers -■ ■- — -13- 46.
Data on burlaps 47- 75.
Data on paints ■ ^^- 81.
Curves representing data ■ 82- 98.
Effect of variation of angle ■ 99«
Diffused light ■ ^_— lOO.
Discussion of curves -10C_102.
Table of deduced coefficients 103.
Summary of results; Conclusions 104-105.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Phil. Mag. Feb. :900, P. 199. H. R. Wright.
Photometrical Measurements Stine.
Industrial Photometry z Palaz-Fatterson,
Art of Illumination Bell.
■■i.sn-
.r
ly: ^■^jn.i:;i
o v^iici., JO rirt
oSfroF^i'
^£i^.:rJ;;IXl 'io J"xA
The Effect of Quality of Surface and Color upon the
Absorption of Light.
The lack of information and methods for the use of artificial
illuminants in economic commercial illumination prompted this in-
vestigation and study of the effect of quality of surface and color
of wall coverings upon the absorption of light. The ultimate object
of the investigation was to deduce a table of luminosity factors from
the data thus obtained vzhich v;ill show the illuminating constants of
the various colors with respect to white as a standard so that it v/ill
be a commercial benefit to Illuminating Engineers and of general
interest to the trades.
The materials investigated, for obvious reasons, were con-
fined to various kinds of wall papers ( plain, ingrain, and crepe),
tapestry burlaps and canvas , and paints. The method of procedure
was quite original embracing only standard sources of light with a
diffusing plate and the V.'eber photometer, thereby reducing many
chances of errors. As Cap. Abney says:- "A serious study of color
must be undertaken v/ith a clear mind, a good eye, and a fair
supply of patience" , and in this class of photometrical v/ork the re-
liability of results depends primarily upon the personal error of
the observer.
A brief review of light and the quality of surface may be
of introductory interest. IVhen a beam of light strikes any material
substance one or more of three things must occur^. First, the
light may be reflected, as from the surface of polished silver; second
'io rtoi J ■' ''■""■■ I-
£i35n:ar3 y.Inc :-nxoj8-:rcfr.:
2.
it may be transmitted through a substance, as with a transparent body-
like glass; third, it may be neither reflected nor transmitted, but
absorbed, as in case of a substance like charcoal. With most
substances these 4hree qualities are foiind at the same time; the
first being very useful fpr economic illumination in a wall covering
and the others detrimental.
Many preliminary investigations of apparatus used in
this study resulted in slight modifications of the Instruments. The
condition of the standard source of light demands extreme attention
in order to secure accurate results. Heretofore the Weber photom-
eter #157, was operated on a standard of amyl-acetate whose flame
is a source of much error. The luminous intensity of the flame
varies greatly with the degree of purity of the surrounding air
diminishing in proportion to the quantity of carbonic acid gas in
the air increases. The presence of the flame, moreover, gives a
temperature rise which adds to the fatigue of the observer and creates
small air currents through the instrument which destroy the constancy
of the standard flame. Then too, the movements of the observer when
balancing the instruments for a reading will cause the flame to vary
in luminous intensity and its height and condition are very hard to
determine. A variation in height of one mm. will introduce an error
of one percent.
In order to avoid the errors thus introduced, the instru-
ment was equipped with a miniature low voltage electric light after
one suitable for photometrical purposes was obtainedr Small
tantalum lamps were used for the following reasons:.
oonii^o
fo'i s-L:i aeL' 1 Lii^-p pi):i-Sl£ »3er(:} zoo.
3 3avi.;^ fievoo'x:^:;! , ^rasll orf..*- 'ic; oor:e;: ,B<^r2;:;c-::oni. 1X3 .:
-." ■ ' '. -■■■•- • ■ ligjjoirfj aJ-nyii;;..' . . ■ _
•i viav :>x-i no-':i"incD £-i;3 . -i^a-rf •a-i'- Oius '^^lanej;)! afsoninxul ni
cxi- j;.:^ oof^oo'j. ' ti r n.^sr .zv:;,; 3no 1o ■rfv^xsn ;:x no i J"i<X'x^;v A .^vrfiMiTCt)^ go
* ■n.'?0'X-'q oao lo
■ ;j;,i,:. -*■ 31 asciC'.j'Xijq IsoliJ'eir.o.torfq loi elcrfiixua -sno
.:r:;:: : . 'I ■•ilvjo.Llo'l Sfij -lol Jb;:.:^;/ ^isvr aqiasi msJlsi.'.-ii
First, they have an excellent color;
oecond, they show a remarkable constancy in candle power after
having been thoroughly seasoned;
Third, when operated under their rated voltage, owing to their
positive temperature coefficient, their resistance assiomes a constant
value, thus making possible an accurate adjustment of the terminal
voltage and hence candle power which ^^in remain constant throughout
a balance regardless of the conditions mentioned that effect a flame;
Fourth, the candle power can be regulated with precision by
varying the voltage across the lamp terminals;
Fifth, the life of such a lamp was found by experiment to be
long.
Considerable time was spent in securing a suitable diffus- j
ing plate which gave a true matt white surface. Experiment on paper? I
surfaces coated with barivun sulphate, plaster of parls and the like
showed that a surface of plaster of paris treated with oil stone
powder imtil the surface was true and matt gave the best surface and
was a very reliable diffusing standard. '
The illumination upon the standard diffusing plate of
plaster of paris was secured from a thoroughly seasoned and standard-
ized 32 candle power lamp, calibrated in the usual manner against the
United States Bureau of Standards 16 candle power secondaries at
their rated voltage over their terminals.
The location of the instruments was decided for general
convenience and is shown diagramatically in plate #1. Referring par-
ticularly to the plate #1 wherein similar reference letters indicate
like parts throughout the several settings; "A" is the standard of
;;; ©v.sri vrxU . i^-i'iHi
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e;}'V'a Ire . -.li cii.iu I0 ie^o.^Iq I0 eo£>l'^W2 a .terii hnv-irfa
-b'-iSi^ifffiJ ? •:■ . .., vil ^j:;ix;oo::i ":■-.•.■ ;■,. ■;(:';■ 'Ic ,
.alasxim-:
■:- ■ ; -/.^ cJ; Of'-: 9jni,.L:-;^vrtoo
4.
illumination referred to above. It is rigidly attached to a movable
arm which rotates "B" about a central point "C" and is also mounted
so that the point "G" is rigid with respect to the experimental
table "H". Upon the arm "B" is mo-unted an index pointer "D" which
travels with arm "B" over the vernier "E".
The standard diffusing plate "P" and also the surface under
consideration when taking data are placed in the plane of the pivot
"C" supported by the stand "G" on the table "H". The surface '*^''
was maintained in a fixed position throughout the investigation in
the plane of the center of rotation "C* and normal to the sight tube
"l" of the V/eber photometer.
The VJeber photometer consists of a tube" 1" which is mount- I
ed horizontally and is attached to a sleeve sliding on a stout metal I
post screwed into the top of the containing case. The tube "1" con-
tains a circular opal glass plate "R" which is movable by a rack and
pinion operated by a milled head "Ulf. Attached to this member is an
index finger which moves over an appropriate scale"T" placed on the
outside of the tube, by means of which the photometer settings are
accomplished.
A lamp case slips on the larger end of the tube in which
is placed the miniature tantalum standard lamp"S*'; the lamp being
supported by a sleeve inserted through the ventilating duct which
is provided for a flame standard. The other end of tube "1" carries
a sleeve upon which is centered the tube "S" whose axis is at right
angles to that of tube "1". The sleeve is provided with a clamping
device "P" for holding the tube at the desired angle of inclination.
During this work, however , the plane was that of the horizontal.
::>_~nV ''
■ Of? br.3,
'Xa £i Y'-
On the interior of the tube "2" at "R" is mounted a
Lummer-Brodhun contrast prism while at the smaller end "0" is located
the telescopic eyepiece for viewing the optical screen "F", The
ejepiece is slotted and contains a slide which has three circular
openings into which are placed at "M" and "N" red and green glass
respectively with the opening at "L" left hlank for white. The
other end of the tube is fitted with a flat and square box "J" in
which various opal plates may be placed, and it is surmounted by a
narrower tube "I" for the admission of the measured rays of light
from the stahdard plane.
The photometer was maintained in a fixed position through-
out the work in order to avoid the possibility of some errors, the
distance between the photometer and the screen, however , is immaterial
so long as the screen is well within the cone of vision of the photom-
eter. The instruments were adjusted in position after which every
precaution was observed to secure an accurate calibration.
The length of the arm^B" was chosen four feet from center
of pivot to the approximate center of the standard lamp filament "A"
for the following reasons :-
First, this distance permitted the use of a secondary standard
of high candle power and thus materially reduce the sources of error;
Second, four feet provided a convenient distance for the
physical construction of very rigid apparatus;
Third, it provided a very convenient laboratory setting;
Fourth, the distance it gave between the diffusing plate and
the lamp was sufficient to reduce the effect of the uneven intensity
r^r -f" - f i: . T>
0:^0 •'■:.:' ©'
6.
from the various sides of the filament to a minimum and to all purpose
gave a uniform distribution about the center of the field of vision
of the Weber photometer;
Fifth, the intensity of illumination thus produced rrave a
very good working value under nearly every color conditioK;
Sixth, the results obtained gave an ideal case of twofoot
candles, a standard commercial value of illumination, and at the same
time materially simplified the calculations.
The photometer was thoroughly cleaned and calibrated so as
to be direct reading by establishing a scale of foot candles to corree
pond to the distance of the balancing screen "R" from the standard.
The calibration was based upon the lav/ of inverse squares by a manual
setting of the screen at a given distance and balancing the instrument
in the regular way, which is byvarying the distance "V" of the opal
plate "R" from the standard "S" until both halves of the field of
vision appear equally illuminated. In the investigations, however,
the light sources ( secondary) were , in many instances, of a very dif-
ferentcolor so that a working comparison v/as made between their red
and green color constituents and from these comparisons a relation
was secured for expressing the illuminating power of one light source
in terms of the other. This relation is given in the form of the
curve as Plate #2.
The required tv/o observations, one in red and the other in
green, are secured by means of the red and grien glasses in the eye-
piece of the photometer. The intensity apparent by settings of the
red and green are read directly from the calibration and the true
intensity of illumination found by combining the intensity as shown
. oJ' ;.aoq
- • .- ^ '■ rtoil "fl" 2i2Lq
"'1st ■ 'r:v V v/isbncosa ) csoii;o3, r
b-
...3.. n :.'-
^^rfq sri^ :
•ooii-.b Aj:-9T 31& tt')^ r^ brrr 531-
0 .u hrtr-o*! noLt.- ;
by the red with that of the green through a factor "K" in order to
finally express the equivalent intensity of white. Expressed math-
eciatically this statement is: "Intensity" = "R" "K" . The factor
was secured from the makers table of the relations of "K" to the
ratio of SIl^R^ for the quality glass used in instrument # 157,
red
The data and curves herewith given show the values of the
intensity of illumination and the percentage of reflecting power of
the various samples for every 10 degrees of rotation of the standard
light from the position giving the incident ray normal to the surface
under observation.
In the data the following notation was used through out : *«-
r = photometer balance in red.
g = photometer balance in green.
Ratio = green divided by red.
E-
K. = corresponding value of j^ from curve.
P.O. 111. = true intensity of iilximination in foot candles .
^um. = fo reflecting power or luminosity.
In several cases where the percent reflecting power was com-
paratively small, the balances were not at all sensitive so that,
since the error of such a balance would give entirely erroneous
results, they were rejected and such a point of sensitiveness is
indicated by the symbol n . The data, needless to say, was
obtained in the photometer room where all surroundings are dull black.
elQBd a-.^.
zrii 10
Sis.;'..
:9i)iOi5'l
i:J-X5Jor
^VX^ :. ^-^-I
r
36.
9.
29.
30.
I:
■-: ■ ■
49.
15.
k
46,
31.
42.
16.
47.
21.
54.
H| (
52.
32.
K. -J^^^^l
57.
39.
63.
59.
66.
41.
69.
i| 50.
! /
■Ai:
10
I
M
1
■
^^JH
II
1
1
11
1
19
1
n
■1
H
H^H
^B
H
■hEIHH
■
Ih
Hj
■■■Hjl
K
^^H
pi^H
H
BjI^hH
H
^^H
g^H
■
■
3—B
il
WeherJphUc
1?*
.jk;
IP.
Sample # 1,
Standard matt white surface; Plaster of Pari:
egrees.
r.
g*
Ratio.
K,
P.O. 111.
$ Lum.
0
2.00
2.00
1.00
1.00
2.00
100.00
10
1.8?
1.83
1.00
1.00
1.83
91.50
20
1.59
1.59
1.00
1.00
1.59
79.50
?0
1.59
1.39
1.00
l.OC
1.39
69.50
40
1.18
1.18
1.00
1.00
1.18
59.00
50
.936
.936
1.00
l.OC
.936
46.80
60
.665
.665
1.00
1.00
.665
33.25
70
.360
.360
1.00
1.00
.360
18.00
SO
.217
.217
1.00
1.00
.217
10.85
Sample
# 2
grees.
r.
g«
Ratio.
K.
F.C. 111.
% Lxim
0
2.00
1.94
.91
.98
1.96
98.00
10
1.83
1.64
.89
.935
1.72
86.00
20
1.64
1.505
.917
.956
1.57
78.50
30
1.54
1.31
.85
.905
1.39
69.50
40
1.36
1.18
.867
.918
1.25
62.50
50
1.03
.80
.777
.857
.883
44.15
60
.81
.70
.853
.907
.735
36.75
70
.495
.420
.847
.702
.348
17.40
80
.175
.163
.930
.961
.168
8.40
14.
Samplf
3 # 3.
Degrees,
r.
g.
Ratio.
n..
F.C. 111.
% Lum
0
1.94
1.94
1.0
l.C
1.94
97.00
10
1.83
1.83
1.0
1.0
1.83
91.50
20
1.64
1.64
1.0
1.0
1.64
82.00
30
1.50
1.50
1.0
1.0
1.50
75.00
40
1.39
1.59
1.0
1.0
1.39
69.50
50
1.14
1.14
1.0
1.0
1.14
57.00
60
.936
.936
1.0
1.0
.93o
46.80
70
.55
.55
1.0
1.0
.55
27.50
80
.253
.253
1.0
1.0
.253
12.65
Sample # 4.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
F.C. 111.
% Lum.
0
1.64
2.00
1.22
1.167
1.92
96.00
10
1.54
1.70
1.10
1.08
1.67
83.50
20
1.36
1.59
1.17
1.13
1.54
77.00
30
1.25
1.31
1.05
1.04
1.30
65.00
40
1.11
1.11
1.0
1.0
1.11
55.50
50
.97
1.14
1.17
1.13
1.10
55.00
60
.80
.595
.743
.832
.665
33.25
70
.485
.393
.81
.877
.425
21.25
80
.215
. 237
1.1
1.08
.232
11.6
15,
Sample
#5.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. Ill
.% LUB),
0
1.94
1.64
.845
.902
1.^75
87.50
10
1.83
1.50
.82
.884
1.62
81.00
20
1.50
1.46
.973
.98
1.47
73.50
30
1.3G
1.21
.89
.935
1.27
63.50
40
1.21
1.11
.917
.956
1.16
58.00
50
.99
.77
.73
.853
.85
42.50
60
.745
.52
.698
.796
.593
29.60
70
.398
.35
.88
.928
.37
18.50
80
.208
.163
.784
.860
.18
9.00
legrees
r.
0
1.41
10
1.31
20
1.21
30
1.09
40
.91
50
.73
60
.54
70
.343
80
.28
Sample
# 6.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% LUJ
1.83
1.30
1 .22
1.72
86.00
1.41
1.08
1.0 65
1.39
69.50
1.25
1.03
1.027
1.24
62.00
1.21
1.11
1.09
1.19
59.50
1.14
1.25
1.186
1.08
54.00
.88
1.21
1.158
.845
42.25
.64
1.18
1.138
.S14
30.70
.44
1.23
1.205
.414
20.70
.235
.84
.899
.889
12.60
16.
Sample
# 7.
Degrees.
r.
g«
Ratio.
K,
P.O. 111.
% Lum,
0
1.50
1.70
1.13
1.105
1.66
83.00
10
1.31
1.41
1.08
1.0^-5
1.39
69.50
20
1.14
1.33
1.16
1.125
1.28
64.00
30
.99
l.lfS
1.17
1.13
1.12
56.00
40
.065
1.11
1.28
1.205
1.045
52.25
50
.72
.91
1.26
1.192
.86
43.00
60
.52
.595
1.14
1.11
.5'77
28.85
70
.353
.402
1.14
1.11
.392
19.60
SO
.202
.215
1.06
1.0.'5
.212
10.60
Sample #
Degrees.
r.
g-
Ratio.
K.
P. cm.
fo Lum.
0
2.00
1.46
.73
.821
1.642
82.10
10
1.83
1.39
.79
.842
1.54
77.00
20
1.64
1.31
.797
.868
1.43
71.50
30
1.415
1.16
.810
.882
1.25
62.50
40
1.332
.95
.712
.81
1,08
54.00
50
1.16
.79
.68
.783
.908
45.40
60
.865
.61
.705
.804
.695
34. '^5
70
.55
.31
.564
.694
.382
19.10
80
.25
.18
.72
.814
.204
10.20
legrees.
r.
0
1.94
10
1.94
20
1.54
50
1.36
40
1.31
50
1.07
60
.35
70
.48
80
.20
Sample # 9.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
1.46
.752
.837
1.625
81.25
1.31
.675
.78
1.51
75.50
1.21
.785
.86
1.33
66.50
1.09
.801
.87
1.13
59.00
.99
.755
.839
1.10
55.00
.745
.695
.795
.85
42.50
.46
.542
."75
.574
28.70
.292
.•508
.728
.212
10.60
.15
.75
.836
.1672
8.36
Sample # 10.
Degrees.
r.
8.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. ILL.
% Lum.
0
1.94
1.46
.75
.836
1.62
81,00
10
1.77
1.36
.767
.85
1.51
75.50
20
1.64
1.18
.72
.814
1.34
67.00
30
1.36
1.05
.77
.85
1.16
58.00
40
1.14
.99
.87
.92
1.05
52.50
50
.90
.675
.75
.836
.753
37.65
m
.675
.455
.673
.78
.527
26.35
70
.375
.303
.81
.88
.33
16.50
80
.155
.150
.96
.98
.152
7.60
0^
08
10.
Sample# 11.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
F.C. 111.
% L-um,
0
1.95
1.35
.701
.802
1.56
78.00
10
1.77
1.25
.706
.806
1.43
71.50
20
1.70
1.16
.682
.784
1.34
67.00
30
1.36
1.11
.815
.880
1.20
60.00
40
1.16
.865
.745
.833
.968
48.40
50
.95
.63
.663
.770
.732
3G.60
60
.G2
.47
.757
.839
.52
26.00
70
.36
.235
.652
.762
.274
13.70
80
.18
.155
.86
.912
.164
8.20
Sample # 12.
Degrees,
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
F.C. 111.
% Lxom.
0
1.54
1.54
1.0
1.0
1.54
77.00
10 ^
1.50
1.50
1.0
1.0
1.50
75.00
20
1.415
1.415
1.0
1.0
1.415
70 . '75
30
1.25
1.25
1.0
1.0
1.25
62.50
40
1.07
1.07
1.0
1.0
1.07
53.50
50
.91
.91
1.0
1.0
.91
45.50
60
.675
.675
1.0
1.0
.675
33. '''5
70
.402
.402
1.0
1.0
.402
20.10
80
.18
.18
1.0
1.0
.18
9.00
19.
Sample # 13.
;rees.
r.
S*
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
1.83
1.36
.744
.834
1.53
76.50
10
1.59
1.18
.741
.83
1.52
66.00
20
1.36
.99
.728
.82
1.105
55.25
30
1.18
.85
.703
.803
.948
47.40
40
1.07
.62
.58
.705
.755
37.75
50
.77
.44
.572
.70
.539
26.95
60
.505
.32
.547
.68
.398
19.90
70
.275
.19
.691
.79
.217
10.85
80
.200
.14
.70
.801
.1602
8.01
Sample #14.
Degrees.
r.
g»
Ratio.
K,
P.O. 111.
fo Lum,
0
1.83
1.56
.742
.831
1.52
76.00
10
1.64
1.28
.78
..85G
1.41
70.50
20
1.39
1.01
.725
.818
1.14
57.00
30
1.25
.95
.76
.842
1.05
52.50
40
.99
.75
.76
.842
.835
41.75
50
.80
.57
.713
.81
.648
32.40
60
.54
.537
.625
.74
.40
20.00
70
.30
.22
.775
.823
.247
12.35
0
Degrees
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Sample # 15.
r.
g-
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% LlAEl,
1.83
1.3C
.742
.831
1.52
76.00
1.77
1.31
.738
.828
1.47
73.50
1.59
1.14
.717
.812
1.29
64.50
1.39
99
.712
.80 9
1.13
56.50
1.16
.75
.646
.756
.877
43.85
1.01
.^)65
.42
.632
.775
38.75
.665
.42
.630
.746
.496
24.80
.45
.22
.686
.786
.354
17.^0
.22
.15
.681
.783
.172
8.60
Sample # 16.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
F.C. 111.
% Lum.
0
1.54
1.41
.915
. 9r.4
1.47
73.50
10
1.41
1.21
.857
.91
1.28
64.00
20
1.25
1.03
.823
.886
1.11
55.50
30
1.22
.865
.710
.808
.986
49.30
40
1.07
.80
.747
.833
.892
44.60
50
.865
.69
.799
.87
.752
37.60
60
.655
.56
.855
.91
.596
29.80
70
.402
.325
.81
.877
.352
17.60
80
.209
.200
.956
.975
.204
10.20
21,
Sample # 17.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
F.C. 111.
% Lum,
0
1.415
1.46
1.035
1.03
1.46
73.00
10
1.39
Ls.-;
.957
.975
1.36
68.00
20
1.20
1.21
.945
.97
1.24
62.00
30
1.14
.97
.85
.905
1.03
51.50
40
1.01
.91
.90
.94
.95
47.50
50
.80
.75
.912
.95
.76
38.00
60.
.5G
.495
.884
.93
.522
26.10
70
,37
.343
.927
.96
.356
1'7.80
80
.22
.195
.885
.93
.205
10 , 25
Sample #
18.
Degrees.
r.
g-
Rajsio.
K,
P.O. 111.
%
L\iin.
0
1.70
1.332
.78
.858
1.46
73.00
10
1.505
1.18
.78
..858
1.29
64.50
20
1.46
1.14
.78
.858
1.25
62.50
30
1.415
1.11
.78
.858
1.21
60.50
40
1.23
.95
.742
.831
1.06
53.00
50
1.112
.75
.675
.-^81
.867
43.35
60
.79
.585
.-^4
.83
.656
32.80
70
.402
.262
.653
.762
.30 6
15.30
80
.172
.15
.871
.92
.158
7.90
, E-
Sample # 19.
Degrees,
r.
g.
0
1.415
1.46
10
1.33
1.225
20
1.18
.99
30
.99
.90
40
.90
.675
50
.61
.54
60
.445
.316
70
.28
.26
80
.162
.162
Ratio.
K,,
P.O. 111.
fc Lum,
1.03
1.027
1.45
72.50
.92
.958
1.275
63.75
..84
.899
1.06
53.00
.909
.95
.94
47.00
.75
.836
.752
37.60
.885
.93
.566
28.30
.71
;808
.36
18.00
.93
.961
.27
13.50
1.0
1.0
.162
8.10
Sample #
20.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K,
P.C. 111.
fc Lum.
0
1.50
1.415
.943
.97
1.45
72.50
10
1.39
1.28
»92
.958
1.33
66.50
20
1.36
1.21
.89
.935
1.27
63.50
30
1.21
1.11
.917
.957
1.16
58.00
40
1.03
.95
.922
.958
.986
49.30
50
.90
.79
.878
.926
.834
41.^0
60
.70
.595
.850
.905
.6335
31.67
70
.35
.31
.885
.931
.326
16.30
80
.155
.150
.967
.970
.152
7.60
Sample
M
21.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum,
0
1.77
1.25
.707
.804
1.42
71.00
10
1.64
1.21
.738
.823
1.36
68.00
20
1.50
1.16
.773
.852
1.28
64.00
30
1.41
1.09
.773
.852
1.20
60.00
40
1.31
.99
.755
.839
1.10
55.00
50
1.05
.85
.81
.877
.92
46.00
60
.85
.58
.683
.784
.668
33.40
70
.58
.375
.646
.755
.438
21.90
80
.275
.208
.755
.839
.231
11.55
Sample # 22.
Degrees,
r.
g-
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
1.64
1.28
.78
.858
1.41
70.50
10
1.39
1.07
.768
.847
I.IH
59.00
20
1.31
.99
.755
.839
1.10
55.00
30
1.21
.90
.743
.831
1.005
50.25
40
1.07
.83
.775
.854
.998
49.90
50
.8' 5
.79
.914
.954
.826
41.30
60
.64
.495
.774
.854
.547
27.35
70
.34
.26
.765
.846
.288
14.40
80
.165
.15
.907
.947
.156
7.80
24.
•ees.
r.
g.
Sample
Ratio.
# 23.
K.
F.C. 111.
% Lum.
0
1.77
1.18
.667
.772
1.37
68.50
10
1.64
1.14
.695
.795
1.30
65.00
20
1.33
.97
.73
.821
1.09
54.50
30
1.31
.91
.695
.795
1.04
52.00
40
1.14
.70
.614
.734
.836
41.80
50
.97
.425
.438
.59
.572
28.60
60
.57
.325
.571
.70
.40
20.00
70
.325
.206
.635
.749
.244
12.20
80
.18
bample #
24.
;rees.
r.
g«
Ratio.
K.
F.C. 111.
$ Lum.
0
1.70
1,21
.711
.808
1.37
68.50
10
1.59
1.14
.^717
.812
1.29
64.50
20
1.50
i.or.
.70
.801
1.2
60.00
30
1.36
.95
.698
.798
1.09
54.50
40
1.16
;83
.715
.811
.94
47.00
50
.91
.63
.692
.792
.72
36.00
60
.595
.393
.66
.768
.457
22.85
70
.32
.245
.765
.848
.272
13.60
80
.16
.15
.937
.964
.154
7.70
^,ea
Sample # 25.
igrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
fe Lum,
0
1.54
1.25
.812
.878
1.35
67.50
10
1.36
I.IG
.852
.906
1.23
61.50
20
1.31
1.07
.816
.880
1.15
57.50
30
1.13
.936
.794
.8 65
1.02
51.00
40
.99
.77
.78
.858
.85
42.50
50
.81
.60
.74
.83
.672
33.60
60
.56
.393
.71
.808
.453
22.65
70
.282
.209
.741
.830
.234
11.70
80
. 15^:-
Sample # 26.
igrees.
R.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
fo Ltrai,
0
1.46
1.28
.876
.925
1.35
67.50
10
1.39
1.21
.868
.92
1.28
64.00
20
1.28
1.14
.89
.935
1.20
60.00
30
1.18
1.01
.855
.909
1.07
53.50
40
1.01
.90
.89
.935
.947
47.25
50
.77
.70
.908
.948
.73
36.60
60
.56
.485
.865
.918
.514
25.70
70
.356
.316
.888
.932
.332
16.60
80
.175
.155
.875
.926
.162
8.10
2r,
Sample # 27.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
F. C.Ill.
% Lum,
0
1.505
1.2S5
.815
.88
1.32
66.00
10
1.39
1.14
.82
.884
1.23
61.50
20
1.28
1.11
.865
.915
1.17
58.50
30
1.10
.95
.805
.874
1.03
51.50
40
1.03
.90
.875
.92
.947
47.35
50
.85
.665
.783
.86
.771
3^^.55
60
.62
.52
.337
.89?
.556
27.80
70
.356
.29
.815
.88
.31
15.50
80
.202
.18
.891
.935
.189
9.45
Sample
^ 28.
Degrees.
r.
g. Ratio.
K. F.
C. 111.
% Lum.
0
1.31
1.31
1.0
1.0
1.31
65.50
10
1.13
1.21
1.025
1.02
1.20
60.00
20
1.11
1.14
1.03
1.027
1.14
57.00
30
.97
1.09
1.12
1.10
1.07
53.50
40
.81
.97
1.20
1.15
.931
46.65
50
.675
.75
1.11
1.09
.73(^
36.80
60
.495
.495
1.0
1.0
.495
24.75
70
.303
.303
1.0
1.0
.303
15.15
80
.155
.155
1.0
1.0
.155
7.75
oe
Oc
G6
27,
iD ample
# 29.
'ees.
r.
g.
Ratio
K,
P.O. 111.
% Lum,
0
1.G4
1.11
.676
.78
1.28
64.00
10
1.46
.91
.625
.74
1.08
54.00
20
1.31
.79
• 603
.722
.946
47.30
30
1.16
.70
.603
.722
.838
41.90
40
.97
.595
.613
.732
.711
35.50
50
.85
.4 5
.542
.675
.561
28.05
60
.57
.36
.631
.745
.425
21.25
70
.375
.273
.734
.823
.308
15.40
80
.213
.165
.773
.852
.182
9.10
Sample #
30.
igrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
$ Lum.
0
1.64
1.11
.076
.780
1.28
64.00
10
1.50
.99
.66
.760
1.06
53.00
20
1.31
.77
.587
.71
.93
46.50
30
1.09
.61
.56
.69
.752
37.60
40
.88
.485
.551
.681
.599
30.00
50
.69
.335
.487
.63
.435
21. -^o
60
.50
.235
.47
.618
.309
15.45
70
.292
.175
.60
.72
.21
10.50
80
.15i*
;jo-5-I>>&U
Sample #
31.
Degrees,
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
$ Lum,
0
1.31
1.21
.924
.96
1.26
63.00
10
1.18
1.07
.906
.947
1.12
56.00
20
1.07
.90
.84
.899
.962
48.10
30
.95
.745
.785
.86
.817
40.85
40
.75
.595
.793
.865
.65
32.-^0
50
.575
.512
.89
,935
.538
26,90
60
.445
.390
.876
.925
.411
20.55
70
.282
.257
.911
. 950
.268
13.40
80
.17
.172
1.01
1.01
.172
8.60
Sample
# 32,
Degrees,
r.
g. Ratio.
K,.
P.O. 111.
% LlMfl.
0
1.54
1.11
.72
.814
1.26
63.00
10
1.31
1.05
.786
.86
1.13
56.50
20
1.18
.81
.686
.786
.928
46.40
30
1.03
.70
.68
.783
.806
40.30
40
,83
.575
.716
.812
.674
33.70
50
,69
.53
.767
.847
.585
29.25
60
.48
.37
.771
.851
.408
20.40
70
.32
.213
.666
.772
.247
12,35
80
.15
.14
,93
.961
.144
7.20
i:V
Sample # 35.
grees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K. P.
C. 111.
% Lum.
0
1.11
1.28
1.12
1.15
1.24
62.00
10
1.05
1.11
1.08
1.065
1.10
55.00
20
.88
1.03
1.17
1.13
.994
49.70
30
.73
.83
1.14
1.112
.812
40.60
40
.G4
.69
1.08
1.085
.681
34.05
50
.505
.56
1.11
1.09
.55
27.50
60
.347
.385
1.11
1.09
.378
18.90
:70
.235
.292
1.24
1.18
.277
13.85
80
.175
.165
.94
.968
.169
8.45
i
Sample # 34.
Degrees.
r.
g»
Ratio.
K,
P.O. 111.
fo Lum.
0
1.21
1.22
1.01
1.01
1.22
61.00
10
1.16
1.21
1.04
1.034
1.20
60.00
20
1.07
1.09
1.0-
1.018
1.09
54.50
30
.97
.99
1.02
1.018
.988
49.40
40
.81
.865
1.07
1.058
.865
42.80
50
.60
.675
1.12
1.10
.66
33.00
60
.445
.52
1.17
1.13
.504
25.20
70
.29
.537
1.16
1.125
.326
16.30
80
.18
.19
1.06
1.05
.1H9
9.45
■iqaa
30,
Sample # 35.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
F.C. 111.
% JLum,
0
1.21
1.21
1.0
1.0
1.21
60.50
10
1.18
1.18
1.0
1.0
1.18
59.00
20
1.0^
1.07
1.0
1.0
1.07
53.50
30
.99
.99
1.0
1.0
.99
49.50
40
. 865
.865
1.0
1.0
.865
43; 25
50
.73
.73
1.0
1.0
.73
36.50
60
.57
.57
1.0
1.0
.57
28.50
70
.393
.393
1.0
1.0
.393
19.65
80
.21
.21
1.0:
1.0
.210
10.50
Sample # 36.
Degrees.
r.
g»
Ratio.
K.
F.C. 111.
% Lui
0
1.70
1.01
.582
.705
1.20
60.00
10
1.46
.90
.616
.735
1.07
53.50
20
1.39
.83
.596
.717
.995
49.75
30
1.36
.79
.58
.705
..958
47.90
40
1.18
.655
.555
.685
..76
38. CO
50
1.01
.56
■ .555
.685
.492
24.60
60
.73
.395
.539
.673
.492
24.6
70
.512
.253
.493
.634
.325
16.25
80
.316
.195
.616
.735
.232
11.60
08
31,
Sample #
37.
•8es.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K,
F. C. 111.
% Lum,
0
1.70
.99
.581
.706
1.20
60.00
10
1.39
.936
.673
.789
1.09
54.50
20
1.28
.865
.675
.780
1.00
50.00
30
i;22
.80
.655
.764
.93
46.50
40
1.11
.655
.59
.716
.795
39.75
50
.88
.505
.575
.702
.619
30 . 95
60
.62
.343
.533
.683
.423
21.15
70
.416
.215
.517
.653
.272
13.69
80
.197%
Degrees.
R,
0
1.21
10
1.14
20
1.05
30
.95
40
.73
50
.64
60
.39:
70
.26
80
.17
Sample # 38
•
g»
Ratio.
K.
F. C. 111.
% Lum.
1.18
.976
.984
1.19
59.50
1.09
.955
.974
1.11
55.50
1.01
.961
.977
1.025
51.25
.97
1.02
1.018
.965
48.25
.91
1.24
1.18
.861
43.05
.80
1.25
1.186
.76
38.00
.550
1.40
1.23
.503
25.15
.297
1.14
1.112
.289
14.45
.18
1.06
1.05
.178
8.90
Oc
OV
Sample # 39.
jrees.
r.
G.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
1.25
1.11
.888
.932
1.17
58.50
10
1.18
1.01
.847
.902
1.065
53.25
20
1.05
.81
.77
.35
.893
44.65
30
.90
.63
.70
.801
.72
36.00
40
.73
.512
.70
.801
.585
29.25
50
.595
.44
.74
.8"
.495
24.75
60
.425
.31
.73
;821
.35
17.50
70
.247
.215
.865
.917
.226
11.30
80
.155-yc
Sample
# 40.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum,
0
.97
1.18
1.22
1.167
1.13
56.50
10
.88
1,09
1.24
1.18
1.04
52.00
20
.745
.90
l.Pl
1.158
.862
43.10
30
.64
.85
1.32
1.231
.79
39.50
40
.54
.72
1.33
1.239
.67
33.50
50
.38
.495
1.3
1.22
.464
23.20
60
.292
.36
1.23
1.172
.342
17.10
70
.208
.26
1.25
1.136
.246
12.30
80
.15»
Sample # 41.
'ees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% i.um.
0
1.28
1.03
.805
.875
1.12
56.00
10
1.25
.936
.75
.836
1;05
52.50
20
1.03
.77
.746
.834
.86
43.00
30
.936
.69
.736
.827
.772
38.60
40
.81
.57
.703
.803
.65
32.50
50
.63
.455
.722
.816
.514
25.70
60
.50
.310
.62
.737
.3685
18.42
70
.325
.212
.652
.761
.247
18.35
80
.175
.155
.885
.931
.163
8.15
Sample #42.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum,
0
1.415
.95
.671
.779
1.105
55.25
10
1.28
.80
.625
.741
.95
47.50
20
1.18
.69
.585
.708
.836
41.80
30
.95
.512
.538
.672
.638
31.90
40
.75
.347
.463
.613
.46
23.00
50
.575
.294
.512
.651
.374
18.70
60
.440
.215
.489
.632
.278
13.90
70
.235
.175
.745
.833
.196
9.80
80
. »
01
[^
54.
Sample #43.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio,
K.
P.O. Ill
*% Lum,
0
.956
1.09
1.16
1.12
1.05
52.50
10
.865
1.05
1.21
1.16
1.01
50 . 50
20
.745
.95
1.27
1.20
.895
44.75
30
.64
.865
1.36
1.26
.807
40.35
40
.512
.62
1.21
1.16
.593
29.65
50
.44
.48
1.09
1.07
.471
23.55
60
.292
.36
1.23
1.17
.342
17.10
70
.190
.235
1.24
1.18
.224
11.20
80
.15
.17
1.13
1.11
.lf;6
8.30
Sample # 44.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
$ lium,
0
1.07
1.01
.945
.97
1.04
52.00
10
1.01
1.01
1.0
1.0
1.01
50.50
20
.88
1.01
1.15
1.12
.986
49.30
30
.80
.99
1.23
1.17
.936
46.30
40
.665
.77
1.16
1.12
.745
37.25
50
.595
.655
1.10
1.08
.642
32.10
60
.455
.54
1.18
1.14
.519
25.85
70
.29
.36
1.24
1.18
.342
17.10
80
.177
.20
1.13
1.105
.196
9.80
.;:'.! 11 .U/i
\'I
-I?-:
35,
Sample # 45.
i^egrees.
r.
g-
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
$ Lum.
0
1.391
.80
.575
.702
.975
48.75
10
1.14
.70
.613
.732
.835
41.75
20
1.03
.54
.523
.661
.68
34.00
30
.90
.38
.422
.577
.519
25.95
40
.83
.343
.413
.572
.475
23.75
50
,69
.292
.422
.577
.398
19.90
60
.455
.213
.468
.616
.280
14.00
70
.27
.173
.64
.75
.203
10.15
80
.15%
Sampl(
3 #46.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
1.36
.80
.588
.71
.966
48.30
10
1.22
.69
.565
.695
.843
42.40
20
1.05
.595
.566
.695
.730
36.50
30
.97
.47
.485
.629
.61
30.50
40
.73
.398
.545
.678
.495
24.75
50
.56
.32
.571
.70
.392
19.60
60
.393
.245
.623
.74
.291
14.55
70
.215
.155
.72
.814
.175
8.75
80
.154^
r* ^.^
GIc,
.LCI
Sample # 47.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K,
P.O. 111.
fc Lum.
0
1.31
.81
.618
.736
.965
48.25
10
1.07
.72
.673
.78
.835
41.75
20
.97
.62
.638
.749
.734
36.70
30
.81
.52
.642
.752
.609
30.45
40
.78
.54
.613
.731
.571
28 . 55
50
.77
.41
.532
.666
.508
25.40
60
.55
.335
.619
.73
.402
20.10
70
.303
.245
.807
.875
.265
13.25
80
.163
.14
.858
.91
.148
7.40
Sample
# 48.
Degrees,
r.
g'
Ratio.
K.
F.C. 111.
fo Lum,
0
.770
.90
1.17
1.13
.37
43.50
10
.62
.665
1.07
1.058
.655
32.75
20
.52
.52
1.0
1.0
.52
26.00
30
.425
.455
1.07
1.058
.45
22.50
40
.33
.38
1.15
1.12
.37
18.50
50
;262
.303
1.15
1.12
.294
14.70
60
.218
.22
1.01
1.01
.22
11.00
70
• 168«
80
.150%
.v^ -i ^^r,-iij*r:,
.0
C"9'r3©a
7^?.
Degrees.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80%
Sample # 49.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
1.28
.69
.54
.674
1.14
.595
.521
.660
.99
.48
.49
.632
.88
.343
.39
.552
.655
.272
.415
.573
.54
.235
.436
.589
.385
.206
.535
.670
.230
.175
.76
.842
F.C. Ill
. % i^um.
.862
43.10
.753
36.75
.626
31.30
.487
24.35
.376
18.30
.318
15.90
.258
12.90
.193
9.65
Sample # 50.
egrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K,
F.C. 111.
% -urn,
0
.936
.73
.78
.358
.803
40.15
10
.901
.56
.622
.739
.666
33.30
20
.83
.48
.578
.702
.582
29.10
30
.69
.45
.652
.761
.525
26.25
40
.57
.36
.631
.746
.425
21.25
50
.46
.262
.57
..699
.322
16.10
60
.356
.225
.632
.746
.266
13.30
• 70
.245
.170
.693
.793
.195
9.75
80
.15*
.:.[;
. R r y.
00,
e-n .
.1
.ses'sa
so . I
■ 0
.VM
01
-9.
OS
88.
Cc
;:.-♦
0>
or
ov
0
CI
OE:
06
Oi'
OS
03
(.?
:^8,
Sample # 51.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
F. C. 111.
% Lum.
0
.675
.81
1.20
1.15
.776
38.80
10
.585
.77
1.31
1.225
.716
35.80
20
.55
.64
1.16
1.125
.618
30.90
30
.502
.62
1.23
1.172
.588
29.40
40
.48
.56
1.16
1.125
.540
27.00
50
.347
.52
1.50
1.34
.464
23.20
60
.316
.316
1.0
1.0
..316
15.80
70
.225
.225
1.0
1.0
.225
11.26
80
.140
.140
1.0
1.0
.140
7.00
Sample # 52.
Degrees.
r.
g-
Ratio.
K-
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
1.39
.52
.374
.543
.756
37.30
10
1.33
.44
.331
.519
.69
34.50
20
1.21
.333
.276
.48
.581
29.55
30
1.18
.310
.263
.47
.555
27.75
40
.936
.■^25
.249
.452
.423
21.15
50
.75
.190
.252
.462
.347
17.35
60
.56
.175
.313
.507
.284
14.20
70
.31
.15
.483
.627
.194
9.70
80
.195%
I.rr .0.'?
oc.
. r 13
e.I
;:
u-C
OX
0 . 1
5R
:\. f
C4'-
i.■-^
Oi-I
OV
Of-
.iTTiiJd ^ .III ,0.4
er.
12
^-yj
-•
Q^.x
•r-;.
5?-r
Oi
ssf:.
IC .1
OS,
01 s .
rj.(
0- £
Ov
;';V
OP
59,
Sample # 53.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K,
F. C. 111.
% Lim,
0
.73
.75
1.03
1.027
.749
37.45
10
.57
.73
1.28
1.205
.686
34.30
20
.485
.70
1.44
1.304
.632
31.60
30
.385
.495
1.28
1.205
.464
23.20
40
.313
.402
1.28
1.205
.377
18.85
50
.250
.347
1.38
1.270
.318
15.90
60
.202
.237
1.32
1.231
.249
12.45
70
.180
.209
1.16
1.125
.202
10.10
80
«
Sampl(
9 # 54,
igrees.
r.
g»
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% iiUm.
0
1.18
.550
.466
.616
.726
36.30
10
1.05
.505
.480
.625
.655
32.75
20
.95
.38
.40
.56
.532
26.60
50
.81
.525
.401
.561
.455
22.75
40
.69
.278
.404
.564
.388
19.40
50
.585
.235
.404
.564
.S32
16.60
60
.375
.184
.480
.625
.235
11.75
70
.242
.155
.64
.75
.182
9,10
80
.15«
*.Gfl *:■!
0.f
OP
.a.'^ ^ .III .O^-tL
05
03
OB
40,
Sample # 55.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Ltim.
0
1.09
.56
.513
.653
.713
35.75
10
.95
.54
.568-
.697
.662
33.10
20
.90
.416
.463
.613
.552
27.60
30
.80
.335
.419
.574
.458
22.90
40
.73
.294
.402
.562
.414
20.70
50
.Gl
.278
.456
.60 6
.37
18.50
60
.48
.215
.447
.597
.287
14.35
70
.238
.170
.59
.712
.205
10. 25
80
.190%
Sample
# 56.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Katio.
K.
F.C. 111.
% ij\an.
0
.69
.72
1.04
1,034
.714
35.70
10
.63
.665
1.05
1.04
.655
32.75
20
.575
.595
1.03
1.027
.591
29.55
50
.45
.52
1.15
1.12
.504
25; 20
40
.36
.46
1.28
1.205
.434
21.70
50
.297
.316
1.06
1.05
.312
15.60
60
.265
.282
1.06
1,05
.279
13.95
70
.190
.220
1.16
1.125
.214
10.70
80
.149
.160
1,14
1.112
.156
7.80
GO.
^I^.
01
02.
'ye,
10 o
■•""^o.
:.[.
0
01
OS
03
41,
Sample # 57.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio,
0
1.54
.41
.266
10
1.54
.36
.234
20
1.39
.28
.202
50
1.22
.257
.210
40
1.03
.190
.184
50
.81
• 175
.216
60
.57
.15
.263
70
.282%
K,
P.O. Ill
. % Lum,
.462
.712
55.60
.45
.693
34.65
.425
.591
29.55
.432
.528
26.40
.412
.425
21.25
.437
.356
17.80
.461
.263
13.15
Samp]
-e # 58.
Degrees,
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
.595
.73
1.230
1.172
.697
34.85
10
..512
.495
.966
.978
.502
25.10
20
.440
.480
1.09
1.09
.461
23.05
30
.356
.425
1.19
1.145
.407
20 . 35
40
.290
.416
1.43
1.30
.377
18.85
50
,230
.282
1.22
1.167
.268
13.40
60
.20
.24
1.20
1.15
.230
11.50
70
.165
.190
1.17
1.13
.187
9.35
80
«
.^n
I-^-
OS
OS
O.'i
07
rn .0.'^
;j^-I.i
■r.o'? 20c,
•£.1 OG
5Dr,
42,
Degrees.
r.
0
.08.
10
.81
20
.745
30
.61
40
.52
50
.425
60
.33
70
.225
80
.155
Degrees.
r.
0
.530
10
.402
20
.330
30
.28
40
.213
50
.195
60
.170
70
.150ej
80
.00-»
sample # 59.
g.
Ratio.
K.
F.C. 111.
$ x,uin.
.610
.693
.790
.695
34.75
.570
.703
.80
.648
32.40
.550
.737
.830
.619
30.95
.402
.66
."^7
.470
23.50
.337
.647
.755
.393
19.65
.288
.676
.780
.352
16.60
.235
.71
.81
.267
13.35
.175
.776
.856
.193
9.65
.140
.902
.94
.146
7.30
Sample # 60.
g.
Ratio.
K, F.
.0. i:
.655
1.23
1.172
.621
.495
1.23
1.172
.472
.440
1.33
1.240
.410
.36
1.28
1.205
.338
.310
1.45
1.310
.280
.235
1.21
1.158
.226
.210
1.23
1.172
.199
$ Lum.
31.05
23.60
20.50
16.90
14.00
11.30
9.95
CI<
0
08
-0
(91??, 9.
n
r . r
I or- 1,
Oi^
Degrees.
r.
0
.593
10
.350
20
.260
30
.225
40
.187
50
.175
60
.150
70
*
43,
Sample # 61.
g. Ratio. K. P.O. ii-L. 7o
.750 1.855 1.54 .606 50.30
.520 1.48 1.33 .466 23.30
.41 1.58 1.39 .362 18.10
.325 1.44 1.304 .294 14.70
.270 1.44 1.3044 .244 12.20
.240 1.37 1.263 .221 11.05
.215 1.43 1.30 .195 9.75
Sample
# 62.
Degrees,
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Liim,
0
.70
.495
.708
.806
.564
28.20
10
.61
.393
.643
.753
.459
22.95
20
.575
.365
.635
.747
.429
21.45
30
.45
.294
.653
.762
.343
17.15
40
.402
.260
.647
.757
.304
15.20
50
.353
.209
.591
.712
.252
12.60
60
.282
.175
.620
,737
.208
10.40
70
.209
.150
.717
.811
.170
8.50
80
.15«
;C8.I OS?
0^2
'^.^-^
0
C-'.;' ! .
oc
V8.r.
OJ^
5\'L .
Oo
oa.r .
03
.0.'
^0'
bO?.
(J
01
0-;
oe
44,
Sample # 63.
Degrees,
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
$ Lvun.
0
1.14
.31C
.262
.470
.535
26.75
10
1.09
.292
.268
.473
.516
25.80
20
1.03
.204
.198
.424
.436
21.80
30
.90
.204
.195
.422
.380
19.00
40
.75
.112
.154
.392
.287
14.35
50
.53
.089
.168
.402
.213
10.65
60
.416
.063
.151
.391
.162
8.10
70
.17?
.055
.312
.507
.0878
4.39
80
*
Sample
# 64.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
F.C. 111.
% is\m.,
0
.375
.64
1.71
1.46
.547
27.35
10
.53
.57
1.73
1.47
.485
24.25
20
.25
.50
2.00
1.61
.402
20.10
30
.225
.44
1.95
1.585
.357
17.85
40
.20
.33
1,65
1.42
.282
12.40
50
.18
.282
1.56
1.38
.248
12.40
60
.15
.215
1.43
1.30
.195
9.75
70
■»
ve^
.III .O.'i ,}l
.1 ,,-'-'
:■'. M.I 0
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45,
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Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lxm,
0
.33
.485
1.47
1.322
.447
22.35
10
.278
.450
1.62
1.412
.393
19.65
20
.235
.42
1.78
1.50
.352
17.60
30
.200
.343
1.71
1.463
.293
14.60
40
.188
.282
1.50
1.34
.252
12.60
50
.150
.200
1.33
1.24
.186
9,30
60
.105
.165
1.57
1.38
.145
7.25
70
%
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Sample # 66,
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lvun,
0
.830
.220
.265
.472
.392
19.60
10
.745
.198
.266
.472
.353
17.65
20
.730
.185
.245
.465
.340
17.00
30
.550
.170
.310
.505
.278
13.90
40
.272
.104
.393
.553
.150
7.50
50
.231
.089
.386
.550
.12?
6.35
60
.150
.059
.392
.553
.083
4.15
70
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0
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Sample
# 67.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio,
K. F,
. C. 111.
% Lum.
0
.47
.282
.60
.72
.338
16.90
10
.44
.220
.50
.64
.282
14.10
20
.595
.209
.532
.667
.262
13.10
30
.347
.199
.573
.702
.244
12.20
40
.310
.170
..548
.678
.210
10.50
50
.255
.150
.588
.710
.181
9.05
60
.213
.120
.563
.693
.148
7.40
70
.180
.111
.615
.734
.132
6.60
80
.160 ^
Sample
# 68.
0
.575
.196
.341
.526
.303
15,25
10
.540
.190
.352
.531
.287
14.35
30
.460
.175
.380
.548
.252
12.60
Sample
# 69.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
.215
.310
1.44
1.304
.281
14.05
10
.213
.270
1.27
1.20
.256
12.80
20
.202
.214
1.06
1.05
.212
10.60
30
.180
.208
1.15
1.12
.202
10.10
40
.173
.192
1.11
1.09
.188
9.40
50
.100
.150
1.34
1.34
.136
6.70
60
.085
.ICO
1.17
1.13
.096
4.80
70
.07
.083
1.18
1.14
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4.00
80
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Sample #
70.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K,
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
1.59
1.59
1,0
1.0
1.59
79.50
10
1.54
1.54
1.0
1.0
1.54
77.00
20
1.46
1.46
1.0
1.0
1.46
73.00
30
1.25
1,25
1.0
1.0
1.25
62.50
40
l.ll'
1.11
1.0
1.0
1.11
55.50
50
.95
.95
1.0
1.0
.95
47.50
60
.63
.63
1.0
1.0
.63
31.50
70
.33
.33
1.00
1.0
.33
16.50
80
.185
.185
1.0
1.0
.185
9.25
Sample
: # 71.
Degrees.
r.
8*
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
1.415
1.28
.904
.944
1.34
67.00
10
1.31
1.11
.847
.903
1.18
59.00
20
1.18
1.07
.907
.947
1.12
56.00
30
1.05
.95
.905
.945
.992
49.60
40
.865
.70
.808
.876
.758
37.90
50
.73
.655
.896
.938
.685
34.25
60
.55
.425
.772
.852
.469
23.45
70
.292
.252
.863
.914
.267
13.35
80
.153
.150
..980
.987
.151
7.55
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Degrees.
r.
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Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
$ Liun,
0
1.46
1.22
.835
.896
1.31
65.50
10
1.33
1.14
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.905
1.20
60.00
20
1.22
1.05
.860
.912
1.11
55.50
30
1.18
.99
.84
.899
1.06
53.00
40
1.01
.91
.90
.94
.95
47.50
50
.810
.730
.901
.941
.762
38.10
60
.630
.57
.904
.944
.595
29.75
70
.375
.330
.880
.928
.348
17.40
80
.175
.163
.931
.961
.168
8.40
Sample # 73.
'ees.
r.
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Ratio.
K,
P.O. 111.
foLum. ,
0
1.54
1.18
.765
.846
1.305
65.25
10
1.33
1.05
.789
.863
1.15
57.50
20
1.31
1.03
.789
.863
1.13
56.50
30
1.22
.95
.778
.857
1.05
52.50
40
1.11
.75
.676
.781
.867
43.35
50
.85
.655
.770
.850
.721
36.05
60
.610
.460
.754
.838
.512
25.60
70
.420
.356
.847
.903
.379
18.95
80
.195
.157
.805
.874
.171
8.55
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1.36
1.11
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1.20
60.00
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1.03
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1.03
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1.07
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44.60
40
.936
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.748
.835
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39.10
50
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.791
.578
28.90
60
.550
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.700
.801
.441
22.05
70
.292
.220
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12.20
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1.31
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1.10
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1.28
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.71
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1.03
51.50
20
1.25
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1.02
51.00
30
1.11
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.666
.774
.859
42.95
40
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.655
.690
.790
.751
37.55
50
.745
.595
.798
.860
.647
32.35
60
.585
.385
.657
.765
.448
22.40
70
.36
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.738
.828
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14.90
80
.180
.150
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60
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Ratio.
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1.07
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1.18
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1.14
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43.75
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30.25
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24.20
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16.45
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Degrees.
r.
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Ratio.
K.
0
.936
1.05
1.1
1.08
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1.1
1.08
20
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1.21
1.158
30
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1.11
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40
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1.24
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1.13
1.105
60
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1.108
70
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1.14
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1.01 50.50
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.643
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45.85
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27.75
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41.50
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42.15
30
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31.80
40
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26.10
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17.90
60
.290
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13.55
70
.204
.190
.931
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9.80
80
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Sample # 79.
Degrees.
r.
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Ratio.
K.
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% Lum.
0
1.16
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.784
.860
.997
49.85
10
1.09
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.705
.805
.877
43.85
20
1.07
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.672
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41.65
50
1.01
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.739
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57.30
40
.79
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.722
.816
.645
32.25
50
.70
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.693
.793
.555
27.75
60
.45
.306
.680
.783
.352
17.60
70
.303
.215
.710
.808
.245
12.25
80
.178
.163
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8.50
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47.65
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44.10
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34.80
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31.40
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19.80
70
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11.90
80
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8.15
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1.09
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47.60
10
1.01
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43.55
20
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38.85
30
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32.00
40
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28.50
50
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23.55
60
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.384
19.20
70
.343
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.836
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14.35
80
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0
10
20
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40
50
60
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80
Sample
# 82.
r.
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Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
.85
.97
1.14
1.112
.945
47.25
.77
.88
1.14
1.112
.856
42.80
.64
.80
1.25
1.186
.758
37.90
.50
.585
1.17
1.130
.565
28.25
.39
.445
1.14
1.110
.433
21.65
.29
.347
1.19
1.145
.332
lfi.60
.21
.257
1.22
1.167
.245
12.25
.158
.186
1.17
1.13
.178
8.90
Sample # 83.
Degrees.
r.
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Ratio.
k.
P.O. 111.
$ Lum.
0
.75
.936
1.25
1.186
.89
44; 50
10
.675
.85
1.26
1.192
.804
40.20
20
.56
.675
1.20
1.15
.644
32.20
30
.44
.595
1.35
1;25
.550
27.50
40
.33
.450
1.36
1.256
.414
20. TO
50
.27
.375
1.39
1.275
.344
17.20
60
.207
.257
1.24
1.18
.245
12.25
70
.150
.190
1.26
1.192
.179
8.95
80
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Degrees.
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Ratio.
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.945
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43.65
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39.15
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33.35
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.546
27.30
40
.512
.416
.813
.879
.450
22.50
50
.402
.33
.821
.885
.356
17.80
60
.265
.215
.812
.878
.235
11.75
70
.185
.150
.812
.878
.162
8.10
80 .166*
Sample # 85.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
F.C. 111.
% Lum,
0
1.14
.73
.64
.75
.855
42.75
10
1.09
.675
.619
.736
.802
40.10
20
.95
.57
.600
.72
.684
34.20
30
.90
.55
. 612
.731
.658
32.90
40
.70
.343
..490
.632
.442
22.10
50
.53
.310
..585
.709
.376
18.80
60
.398
.228
.573
.601
.239
11.95
70
.282
.180
.639
.750
.211
10.55
80
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Degrees.
r.
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Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
fo Lum,
0
.97
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41.10
10
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36.15
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30.40
30
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26.60
40
.65
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.65
.76
.478
23.90
50
.50
.330
.66
.768
.384
19.20
60
.375
.258
.698
.789
.296
14.80
70
.245
.190
.775
.854
.209
10.45
80
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Sample # 87.
Rrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
k.
P.O. 111.
% Lum,
0
1.25
.64
.512
.652
.815
40.76
10
1.225
.48
.392
.553
.667
33.85
20
1.16
.385
.332
.519
.602
30.10
30
1.09
.440
.403
.563
.614
30.70
40
.936
.455
.486
.629
.588
29.40
50
.810
.294
.363
.537
.436
21.80
60
.55
.215
.591
.553
.304
15.20
70
.32
.175
.547
.678
.217
10.85
80
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jrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
.204
.290
.142
.384
.783 .
39.15
10
.181
.247
.156
.381
.690
34.50
20
.164
.237
.144
.388
.637
31.85
30
.150
.209
.140
.383
.574
28.70
40
.140
.195
.139
.382
.535
26.75
50
«
.190
60
«
.163
70
»
. 145«
80
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Sample # 89.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
.70
.80
1.14
1.11
,777
38.85
10
.63
.75
1.19
1.145
.722
36.10
20
.595
.68
1.14
1.11
.66
33.00
30
.495
.675
1.36
1.256
.621
31.05
40
.42
.600
1.43
1.30
.546
27.30
50
.375
.46
1.23
1.17
.449
22.45
60
.292
.375
1.28
1.205
.352
17.60
70
.195
.240
1.23
1.17
.228
11.40
80
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ft
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Sample # 90,
Degrees.
r.
g-
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
fo Lum.
0
.85
.73
.86
.912
.775
38.75
10
.79
.62
.947
.960
.682
34.05
20
.69
.64
.927
.960
.662
33.10
SO
.655
.53
.810
.877
.,575
28.75
40
.595
.450
.756
.840
.500
25.00
50
.48
.450
.895
.937
.450
22.50
60
.390
.294
.753
.858
.327
16.35
70
.267
.220
.823
.386
.237
11.85
80
.171
.165
.953
.974
.167
8.35
Sample
# 91.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
1.05
.595
.566
.696
.751
36.55
10
.936
.560
.598
.719
.674
33.70
20
.90
.480
.553
.668
.602
50.10
30
.80
.425
.531
. .666
.533
26.65
40
.72
.35
.485
.629
.453
22.65
50
.485
.224
.461
.611
.297
14.85
60
.402
.209
.520
.659
.265
13.25
70
.268
.156
.582
.707
,189
9.45
80
.170%
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rjr.l . 332
58,
Sample # 92.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum,
0
1.18
.54
.457
.607
.716
35.80
10
1.11
.52
.468
.617
.685
34.25
20
1.09
.505
.463
.613
.668
33.40
30
.99
.393
.397
.558
.553
27.65
40
.85
.333
.401
.561
.466
23.30
50
.64
.258
.403
.563
.361
18.05
60
.47
.204
.434
.587
.276
13.80
70
.31
.156
.503
.643
..200
10.00
80
«
Sample
# 93.
;rees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
.83
.655
.788
.861
.714
35.70
10
.77
.64
.83
.892
.687
34.35
20
.69
.60
.87
.92
.636
31.80
30
.575
.56
.973
.982
.565
28.25
40
.44
.42
.955
.975
.428
21.40
50
.35
.337
.962
.978
.342
17.10
60
.25
.228
.912
.951
.238
11.90
70
.165
.156
.945
.970
.160
8.00
80
«
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01
OS
OS
Ot
0.;
OV
OB
0^'
V3,
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Sample #94.
Degrees,
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
fo Lijm.
0
.57
.77
1.35
1.25
.712
35.60
10
.55
.64
1.16
1.125
.618
30.90
20
.57
.50
.877
.927
.528
26.40
50
.46
.57
1.24
1.18
.42
27.10
40
.337
.40
1.19
1.145
.386
19.30
50
.257
.310
1.20
1.150
.296
14.80
60
.20
.215
1.07
1.058
.214
10.58
70
.15
.165
1.10
1.08
,162
8.10
80
%
ii
Sample #
95.
■ees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
k. F.
,0. 111.
% Lum.
0
.54
.77
1.42
1.30
.702
35.10
10
.45
.64
1.42
1.30
.586
29.30
20
.41
.610
1.48
1.33
.546
27.30
30
.393
.570
1.45
1.31
.515
25.75
40
.31
.52
1.68
1.446
.448
22.40
50
.282
.402
1.42
1.29
.364
18.20
60
.207
.310
1.49
1.33
.276
13.80
70
,173
.209
1.20
1.158
.201
10.05
80
%
.1451*
08.
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0
01
j6
06
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60,
Sample #
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
$ iium.
0
1.14
.495
.434
.587
.670
33.50
10
1.09
.440
.403
.563
.614
30.70
20
1.07
.393
.367
.538
.576
28.80
30
.91
.365
.401
.561
.512
25.60
40
.81
.294
.563
.537
.435
21.75
50
.655
.245
.374
.544
.356
17.80
60
.50
.199
.398
.559
.2795
13.97
70
.306
.156
.509
.649
.199
9.95
80
.20
•»
Degrees,
r.
0
.865
10
.830
20
.70
30
.61. .
40
.585
50
.445
60
.337
70
.240
80
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Sample # 97.
g-
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
.540
.624
.741
.641
32.05
.40
.482
.626
.520
26.00
.37
.514
.654
.457
22.85
.294
.482
.626
.382
19.10
.270
.461
.611
.357
17.85
.204
.458
.608
.271
13.55
.175
.518
.658
..222
11.10
.150
.623
.739
.177
8.85
%
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Sample
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Degrees,
r.
g-
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% LiJm.
0
1.25
.37
.29G
.495
.619
30.95
10
1.18
.335
.284
.484
.57
28.50
20
1.09
.288
.264
.471
.513
25.65
SO
.865
.212
.245
.455
.394
19.70
40
.72
.175
.243
.454
.327
16.35
50
!52n
^j
60
.353-s
^;-
70
.22%
«
80
.145*
a
bample
# 99.
Degrees.
r.
g«
Ratio.
ii..
F.C. 111.
% Ltm.
0
.540
.630
1.16
1.125
.608
30.40
10
.500
.585
1.17
1.130
.565
28.25
20
.430
.505
1.17
1.13
.486
24.30
30
.560
.45
1.24
1.186
.427
21.35
40
.310
.375
1.21
1.158
.358
17.90
50
.275
.303
1.10
1.08
.297
14.85
60
.215
;230
1.07
1.058
.228
11.40
70
.170
.180
1.06
1.05
.178
8.90
80
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50.1
L.I
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5 V?;. 01?
O'd
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62,
Sample #
100.
Degrees.
r.
g«
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
fo Lum,
0
.70
.54
.772
.852
.596
29.80
10
.665
.393
.590
.712
.472
23.60
20
.570
.343
.602
.721
.411
20.55
30
.480
.297
.618
.736
.354
17.70
40
.440
.235
.533
.668
.294
14.70
50
.360
.209
.580
.705
.254
12.70
60
.267
.170
.636
.748
.200
10. GO
70
.202
.150
.743
.832
.168
8.40
80
.150^}
%
Sample § 101.
;rees.
r.
g«
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
fo Lxom.
0
.79
.505
.639
.750
.593
29.65
10
.72
.470
.653
.7C3
.550
27.50
20
.655
.440
.672
.779
.511
25.50
30
.595
.425
.714
.811
.48?
24.15
40
.505
.385
.763
.834
.426
21.30
50
.440
.292
.663
.771
.339
16.95
60
.294
.237
.806
.875
..257
12.85
70
.200
.175
.875
.924
.185
9.25
80
*
»
. OOi
Oo
ov
03- w-
03 :j .
1 : ^'
',V8
0
63
Sample
#102.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. Ill,
. fo Lxan,
0
.450
.620
1.38
1.27
.571
28.85
10
.425
.54
1.27
1.20
.51
25.50
20
.402
.45
1.12
1.10
.442
22.10
30
.390
.410
1.05
1.04
,4^5
20.25
40
.240
.353
1.04
1.034
-•^52
17.60
50
.290
.343
I.IG
1.158
.330
16.50
60
.228
.228
1.0
1.0
.228
11.40
70
.156
.176
1.13
1.105
.172
8.60
80
«
«
Sample # 103.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
F.C. 111.
% Lum.
0
.745
.48
.644
.754
.562
28.10
10
.720
.45
.625
.741
.534
26.70
20
.69
.425
.616
.734
.507
25.35
30
.585
.330
.563
.693
.406
20.30
40
.402
.225
.560
.690
.277
13.85
50
.306
.185
.604
.724
.222
11.10
60
.237
.173
.729
.820
.194
9.70
70
.166%
*
80
.e»
I or^
v.f
005;
o5I
n
■jL
OS
0-
Oc
oe
OH
»^0I ^r
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0?
64,
Sample
# 104.
Degrees,
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
.390
.595
1.52
1.55
.526
26.30
10
.365
.530
1.45
1.51
.478
23.90
20
.347
.43
1.24
1.18
.409
20.45
SO
.340
.402
1.18
1.138
.387
19.75
40
.280
.356
1.27
1.20
.336
16.80
50
.229
.330
1.44
1.304
.299
14.95
60
.195
.245
1.26
1.192
.232
11.60
70
.155
.180
1.16
1.125
.175
8.75
80
«■
.150 «
Sample # 105.
Degrees.
r.
g-
Ratio.
i^.
P.O. 111.
;^Lum.
0
.690
.410
.594
.715
.494
24.70
10
.610
.385
.631
.747
.455
22.75
20
.595
.337
.566
.696
.414
20.70
30
.540
.310
.573
.701
.379
18.95
40
.460
.270
.587
.789
.326
16.30
50
.3 GO
.223
.619
.736
.265
13. B5
60
.288
.185
.641
.751
.216
10.80
70
.204
.150
.735
.826
.168
8.40
80
.15 4t
«
.Ill .:
.1
.■>o
r .g;
0
..-rrx.J ii:
ea
-^^PcS. Of
VI O 3
o8I
0
08
65.
Sample
#106.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.C. 111.
% Lum.
0
.990
.294
.297
.496
.491
24.55
10
.936
.235
.251
.462
.433
21.65
20
.880
.257
.292
.492
.432
21.60
30
.750
.225
.300
.50
.375
18.75
40
.690
.195
.282
.483
.333
16.65
50
.52
.18
.346
.528
.285
14.25
60
.41
.163
.397
.558
.229
11.45
70
.230^
■;':
80
.150^;-
«
Sample # 107.
Degrees,
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
F. C. 111.
% Lum.
0
.278
.310
1.110
1.09
.490
24.50
10
.257
.285
1.110
1.09
.468
23.40
20
.235
.267
1.14
1.112
.261
13.50
30
.220
.214
.973
.982
.216
10.80
40
.197
.209
1.06
1.05
.207
10.35
50
.175
• 184
1.04
1.034
.181
9.05
60
.152
.163
1.07
1.058
.161
8.05
70
ft
80
*
I L .0 r^
' . f ,t <.i P'
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02
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66,
Sample #108,
Degrees.
r.
g«
Ratio.
K. F.
C. 111.
% Lum,
0
.46
.495
1.07
1.058
.486
24.30
10
.450
.460
1.02
1.018
.458
22.90
20
.41
.42
1.02
1.018
.417
20.85
30
.385
.385
1.0
1.0
.385
19.25
40
.330
.330
1.0
1.0
.330
16; 50
50
• 267
.267
1.0
1.0
.267
13.35
60
v202
.202
1.0
1.0
.202
10 . 10
70
.163
.163
1.0
1.0
.163
8.15
80
*
Sample #
109.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
.45
.45
1.0
1.0
.45
22.50
10
.43
.43
1.0
1.0
.43
21.50
20
.402
.402
1.0
1.0
.402
20.10
30
.380
.380
1.0
1.0
.380
19.00
40
.333
.333
1.0
1.0
.333
16.fl5
50
.263
.263
1.0
1.0
.263
13.15
60
.213
.213
1.0
1.0
..213
10.65
70
.171
,171
1.0
1.0
.171
8.55
80
«
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05,
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•3
.as 9139a
0
01
03
Oil
0;
Od
on
^ '&
0
01
S<.' . '
67<
Sample # 110.
Degrees.
r.
g-
Ratio.
K.
F.C. 111.
% Lum.
0
.585
.353
.604
.724
.424
21.20
10
.540
.353
.654
.764
.413
20.65
20
.505
.294
.581
.706
.357
17.85
30
.450
.270
.600
.720
.324
16.20
40
.375
.250
.676
.781
.293
14.65
50
.300
.215
.?16
.811
.243
12.15
60
.257
.le-
.645
.755
}194
9.70
70
.173 %
80
^
Sample # 111.
Degrees.
r.
G,
Ratio.
K.
F.C. 111.
%
Lum.
0
1.01
.178
.410
.410
.413
20.65
10
.88
.163
.185
.414
.365
18.25
20
.83
.150
.181
.412
.342
17.10
30
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68,
Sample i
f 112,
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
i^.C. 111.
% Lum.
0
.360
.385
1.07
1.058
.381
19.05
10
.353
.330
.935
.965
.344
17.20
20
.310
.310
1.0
1.0
.310
15 . 50
30
.297
.297
1.0
1.0
.297
14.85
40
.282
.282
1.0
1.0
.282
14.10
50
.215
.215
1.0
1.0
.215
10.^5
60
.175
.175
1.0
uo
.175
8.75
70
.150
.150
1.0
1.0
.150
7.50
80
«
«
Degrees. r.
0 .455
10 .410
20 .393
30 . 347
40 .297
50 .232
60 .200
70 .156»
80 .'.
Sample #
113.
g.
Ratio.
K.
F. C. 111.
fo Lum.
.290
.638
.749
.341
17.50
.258
.629
.744
.306
15.30
.214
.544
.678
.267
13.35
.20 9
.603
.723
.251
12.55
.109
.670
.778
.231
11.55
.172
;742
.831
.193
9.65
.155
.775
.854
.171
8.54
•1 .A
O.r
VO.I
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ler-.
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501
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1^8.
■^I^T;
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rl^r^.^
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c;v'?.
CcI
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69,
Sample # 114.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
0
.745
.174
.234
.45
10
.730
.155
.212
.437
20
.655^:-
^:-
30
.595n
-"-
40
.540^J
•»
50
.425%
%
60
. 343n
%
70
.233%
^:-
80
.160%
%
P.O. 111. % Lum,
.336 16.80
.320 16.00
Sample # 115.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K. P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
.206
.402
1.95
1.58
.326
16.30
10
.199
.288
1.45
1.31
.261
13.05
20
.179
.269
1.49
1.33
.238
11.90
30
.170
.237
1.39
1.275
.217
10.85
40
.150
.204
1.36
1.256
.188
9.40
50
»
.180-n
60
ts
.150%
70
%
%
80
%
*
I %■
i 1 ^- 0 .
:iB>[
T. O:;
0-3
60S
861
ev
^02.
il.
70.
Sample # 116.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
fo Lum,
0
.60
.220
.367
.538
.3228
16.14
10
.55
.214
.389
.552
.304
15.20
20 '
.53
.210
,396
.556
.295
14.75
30
.48
.199
.414
.572
.274
13.70
40
.39
.180
.462
.512
.239
11.95
50
.343
.175
.510
.65
.222
11.10
60
.242
.150
.619
.736
.178
8.9
70
.1904J
^i
80
.%
a
Sample #117.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
k.
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
.675
.185
.274
.476
.322
16.10
10
.665
.159
.239
.453
.302
15.10
20
.600
.150
.250
.461
.276
13.80
30
.54-»
40
.45%
50
.393iJ
60
.3104J
70
.215%
80
.155-:?
c:f
.0
o^r
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c r;.
01'
e^
OP. I . s*s
Oir
0.5
0^?
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COc .
01
03
71,
Sample #118
5rees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum
0
.282
.310
1.10
1.08
.304
15.20
10
.269
.242
.898
.940
.253
12.65
20
.253
.230
.91
.95
.241
12.05
30
.229
.215
.94
.968
.221
11.05
40
.215
.197
.915
.954
.205
10 . 25
50
.195
.175
.896
.937
.183
9.15
60
.170
.156
.918
.957
.163
8.15
70 .150%
Sample #
119.
Degrees,
r.
g»
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
$ Lum
0
.258
.310
1.20
1,15
.294
14.70
10
.227
.268
1.18
1.138
.258
12.80
20
.212
.258
1.21
1.158
.245
12.25
30
.196
.237
1.21
1.158
.227
11.35
40
.193
.209
1.08
1.065
.205
10.25
50
.166
.190
1.14
1.11
.184
9.20
60
.150
.166
1.10
1.09
.164
8.20
70
%
if
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Sample # 120,
legrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. Ill,
0
.595
.163
.247
.476
.283
10
.512
^
20
.460
■»
50
.410
a
40
.393
a
50
.325
«
60
.240
a
70
.165
^
80
4J
»
14.15
Sampl<
3 # 121.
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% L-um.
0
.303
.207
.38
.928
.281
14.05
10
.267
.220
.823
.836
.237
11.85
20
.255
.215
.845
• 902
.230
11.50
30
.223
.208
.933
.962
,214
10.70
40
.204
.180
.881
.928
.189
9.45
50
.176
.171
.970
.980
.173
8.65
60
.150
.150
1.00
IcOO
.150
7.50
70
%
80
»
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02
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Sample ^ 122.
Degrees,
r.
g. Ratio. K.
P.O. 111.
% Lvmio
0
.60
.150 :.250 .461
.277
13.85
10
.57
»
20
.54
^
30
.50
Sample # 123.
0
.54
.157 .291 o496
.268
13.40
10
.47
'.i
20
.44
«
30
.42
a
40
.35
«
Sample #124.
grees.
r.
g»
Ratio.
k.
P.O. 111.
fe Liom.
0
.450
.178
.395
,556
.250
12.50
10
.440
.168
.381
.549
.242
12.10
20
.420
.174
.414
.572
.240
12.00
30
.385
.163
.423
.578
.223
11.15
40
.316
.150
«'474
,621
.196
9.80
50
.283
*
60
.215
«
70
.165
«
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Sample # 125.
iiegrees.
r.
g.
Ratio,
K.
F.C. 111.
% Lum.
0
.223
.253
1.09
1.072
.250
12.50
10
.220
.228
1.04
1.034
.227
11.35
20
.219
.215
.983
.990
.217
10.85
30
.213
.209
.980
.987
.211
10.55
40
.190
.190
1.0
1.0
.190
9.50
50
.170
.170
1.0
1.0
.170
8.50
60
'.!
'.i
0
.430
10
.385
20
.356
30
.306
Sample #126.
.150 .345 .529 ,228 11.40
Sampl
3 # 127.
egrees
r.
g-
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
fo Lum.
0
.257
.209
.883
.930
.221
11.05
10
.232
.199
.857
.909
.211
10.55
20
.215
.196
.911
.950
.205
10.25
30
.203
.190
.935
. 965
.196
9.80
40
.190
.170
.894
.937
.178
8.90
50
.166
.164
.988
.995
.165
8.25
60
.150
«
70
. a
«
.rv:! %- elqni£
•^SO. [
0. r
C'VI
'^n,
Iqmsc
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'■?. C % slqra^s;.
•0
9«I
ol;
75,
Sample # 128,
•ees.
r.
B»
Rati:..
K.
F,0, 111.
^ Lum,
<_'
.192
.::o9
1.09
1.07?
.-^04
10 . '^O
IC
.175
.135
1.06
1.05
. 184
9.^:^
20
.170
.I'TQ
1.0
1.0
. i'7S
8.:^C
30
.157
.1 5''
1.0
1.0
.157
7.^'r.
40
.150
.150
1.0
1.0
. 150
rr - f~-
50
«
'.i
60
-;:•
-;:
70
.;;.
'i
Sample # 129,
Degrees,
r.
S*
Ratio.
0
.516
.150
.475
3D
.294
«
20
.270
ff
:^0
.^IbO
^»
40
.220
»
50
.193
n
P>Q
.165
^}
K. P.O. 111. % -Lxm.
,622 .197 9.35
,0 ,'il
C3 1 .
76,
Sample # 150.
Light tint yellow paint.
Degrees*
r.
g-
Ratio*
K,
F.C. 111.
% Lum.
0
1.70
1.70
1.00
l.CO
1.70
85.00
10
1.505
1.505
1100
1.00
1.505
75.25
so
1.36
1.56
1.00
l.CO
1.36
68.00
30
1.21
1.21
1.00
1.00
1.21
60.50
40
1.07
1.07
1.00
l.CO
1.07
53.50
50
.865
.865
l.OC
1.00
.865
43.25
60
.570
.570
1.00
1.00
.570
28.50
70
.265
.265
l.CO
1.00
.265
13.25
80
.145
.1«5
1.00
1.00
.145"
7.25
Sample # ISl.
Medium
yellow paint.
degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
$ Liim,
0
1.77
1.28
.723
.816
1.44
72.00
10
1.59
1.03
.647
.757
1.20
60.00
20
1.415
1.01
.723
.816
1.16
57.50
30
1.35
.90
.676
.78
1.04
52.00
40
1.21
.675
.557
.687
.831
41.55
50
.97
.595
.613
.732
.710
35.50
60
.70
.343
.489
.631
.442
22.10
"70
.34
.235
.690
.790
.269
13.45
80
.15
.140
.93
,961
.144
7.22
COS
erf
.031 ^ ^■.[■uu^ic.
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00. 1
00 . r
0'^. r
SN-I- . .
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ov .
77,
Sample # 132,
Dark yellow paint.
Degrees-
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
1.77
.936
.528
.664
1.18
59.00
10
1.59
.880
,553
.668
1.06
53.00
; 20
1,50
.790
.526
.663
.993
49.65
SO
l.?3
.640
.481
.626
.834
41.70
40
1.14
.575
.504
.644
.732
36.60
50
.97
.39
.340
.562
.545
25.25
60
.495
.257
.518
.658
.325
16.25
70
.325
.170
.523
.661
.214
10.70
80
.250
.136
.544
.676
.169
8.45
Sample
# 133,
Light "brown paint.
Degrees.
r.
g. Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% LiMl.
0
.72
.62
.86
.912
.655
32.25
10
.56
.28
.572
.652
.364
18.20
20
.40
.16
.40
.56
.224
11.20
30
.36
.103
.286
.486
.175
8.75
40
.23
.100
.434
.587
;.135
6.75
50
.175
.098
,560
.690
.121
6.05
60
.095
»
70
«
%
.'SI %
>0c.
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dOi'
oa
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83.
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:■■■''■:•.
:)oi.
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86 0,
3^1.
;V-
dGO.
Oc^
78.
Sample # 134.
Orange yellow paint.
l^egrees.
r.
g-
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
% Lum,
0
1.59
.30
.216
.440
.612
30.60
10
1.31
.245
.187
.416
.546
27.30
20
1.16
.215
.185
.416
.483
24.15
30
1.07
.195
.182
.413
.442
22.10
40
.90
.163
.181
.412
.371
18.55
50
.75
.15
.20
.425
.319
15.95
60
.55
.101
.184
.413
.227
11.35
70
.31
.08
.125
.462
.144
7.20
80
.15
.06
.04
.56
.084
4.20
Sample # 135,
Dark brovm paint,
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K. P.O. 111.
% Lum.
0
.52
.62
1.19
1.14
.592
29.60
10
.15
.092
.613
.732
.110
5.50
20
.12
.075
.630
.745
.0892
4.46
30
.10
.073
.730
.821
.082
4.10
40
*
Vt
50
«
«
60
«
Vt
70
*
'};
80
«
•«•
05
ov
08
01
02
79.
Degrees.
r.
G.
0
.580
.460
10
.160
.135
20
.09S
.092
30
4t
«
Sample #136.
Deep maroon red paint.
Ratio.
.793
.817
1.00
K.
P.O. 111.
fo Lum.
864
.502
25.10
882
.141
7.05
00
.093
4.65
Sample # 137,
Dark blue. Faint.
Degrees. r. g. Ratio. K. P.O. 111. % ^\jm,
0 .530 .460 1.39 1.27 .419 20.95
10 .115 .150 1.30 1.22 .141 7.50
20 .082 .080 .975 .984 .080 4.00
30 .068 .068 1.00 1.00 .068 3.40
Sample # 138.
Light blue paint,
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.O. 111.
fo Lum.
0
.240
.330
1.37
1.26
.340
17.00
10
.150
.150
1.00
1.00
.150
7.50
20
.083
.095
1.14
1.11
.092
4.60
30
.072
,0 90
1.25
1.186
.085
4.26
40
*
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alqxrrxsS
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•^pv. 004^. •■■-■^.
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Q5..'
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031.
060,
iT33CI
.[II ,UJi
Sample # 159,
Light red paint.
Degrees.
r.
g*-
Ratio.
K. P.
C. 111.
fo lium,
0
.57
.098
.172
.402
.229
11.45
10
.57
.093
.163
.397
.226
11.30
20
.48
.077
.160
.396
.190
9.50
30
.425
.065
.153
.391
.166
8.33
40
a
«
Sample # 140,
Dark red paint.
Degrees. r. g. Ratio. K. P.O. 111. % Ikim.
0 .670 .102 .152 .396 .265 13.25
10 .620 .080 .129 .371 .230 11.50
20 •» a
30 « «
.Lll .'.M ,}[
i-.(.
iJi:;.^
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v^O.
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0^
::l .
c:o.
V.'-:*. .
0:^
01
81,
Sample # 141.
Olive green paint,
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K. P.O. 111.
% lam.
0
.127
1.30
.56
1.69
.215
10.75
10
.24
1.10
.457
.607
.145
7.25
20
.100
.165
1.65
1.45
.145
7.15
30
.092
.125
1.36
1.256
.116
5.80
40
.087
.109
1.26
1.192
.104
5.20
50
.075
.10
1.33
1.239
.0927
4.64
60
.070
.092
1.31
1.225
.0858
4.29
70
■»
ii
Sample # 142.
Dark green paint,
Degrees.
r.
g.
Ratio.
K.
P.
C. 111.
fo L^m
0
.270
.560
2.07
.427
.115
5.75
10
.17
.22
1.29
.371
.063
3.15
20
.125
.20
1.61
.400
.050
2.50
30
.110
.142
1.29
.371
.0408
2.04
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The unit of intensity of illiomination commonly used is
the "foot candle" which may "be defined as the intensity produced
upon a surface one foot from a standard flame of one candle power
so placed that the rays strike the surface perpendicularly or
normal to the surface. Hence in determining the intensity of
illumination on any given surface from a light source in any
given position there are two factors which must "be considered;
first, the distance of the surface from the source, and second,
the angle which the surface makes with the incident ray. Prom
this we are able to derive the rule:- " multiply the candle-
power intensity of light at the given angle hy the reduction
factor for that angle and divide the product by the square of
the distance;'
Experiment showed that for the incident ray normal to
the surface and constant in value and a varying angle of reflect-
ion, the intensity of Illumination on the surface varied only
a very small amount throughout the useful range of the pho-
tometer. This setting with a constant incident ray also
gave evidence that the colors have a much greater effect on the
angle of incidence than for the angles of emission. Since in
practical illumination both angles vary for each particular
position, it was decided from the above named effects of color
to maintain the angle of emission constant in securing the data
herewith given.
We well know that in any enclosed space the light re-
'-c-J■.•■^rr.';o er' * ' .'-.■ .:• . " -:c-r ■ .:\? ^vx-mb c.t .^Icfjs f9-i« ©w eirft
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-orfcr Offer '.-^ .^'Irrsi' ;'?:*• ..- t'Off-ouoTrfi '.'f^ioaiJ Ii>..ir::
fT.L '-'oni.-: .ra!z. -. ■, 'orr.efjloiil lo signs
.nsvxg ri' :
-y-:;: J-'-'rxI crij "OFq:^ j'-f-Ione ^jnis jr--i >?o-,:.,' wom^ IIc^w oW
100
fleeted from the 'bounding surfaces may constitute a considerable
portion of the total light, and, therefore, if the surfaces are
colored the general illumination will be strongly colored quite
without consideration of the illuminant. This principle will be
recognized as analogous to the modification of the color of light
by a shade over the source. Hence strong or dark colored walls
will give the dominant tone to the color rather than that of
thelight source.
Diffiised light from reflecting surfaces is very useful
for, by a mixture of diffused and regular reflection, the quantity
of light which will reach a surface is determined. Of the two
the diffused reflection is the more important.
A study of the data and curves will show at a glance
that the quality of the surface and color are very important
factors relating to the absorption of light. The value of
Plaster of Paris, a matt white s^orface, was used as the standard
of comparison being 100 % reflecting power as compared with the
colors. It must be remembered, however, that the absolute re-
flecting power is only about 82jS of the total light received.
Experiment on this surface as well as the various other
samples proved that the so-called "lav of the cosine" is not
true in consequence of the deviation of the law of cosine cf
the incident ray. This conclusion was also drawn by Wright
some years ago in elaborate experiment.
Next to the white we see several tinted colors in the
"Xi;^ ;-I.7L'^f:i:-:q «.:;'{T . Jn^^rfii-xrlXi: or': 'to nolrf.'ri:-ijl;-;noo Uroi (■?•//
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"o d«'^. nr;r;: •• :r:>t;-.,'r -ioloo :/'. 0- •\;^ ^ j fi.or.. 2 i .' •;> ,v' .-:• &vi,.- XX-'-
ow:? or':t 1:; J)er' ^ J yr) gl -^o;^'.- i ':■. ■•o'y'-i M ' v /[oXr:-'- ~ffciX 1o
"o -• X'^v ■-•'":' ,^'-[-- II 1o f:o ; .i'v_c ;c'.r; v'^ oj "■..ril^cLz'i a'fOcl-OBl
i'/iJ d'l^v beicqnoo as •is'.vcq sn-.JoeX'ASi :'!; Ool jii-l-=)C noc:i':£.oq/:!00 1c
-'■: 'ir;Xo-^an -'•.: Jsr' ^ n-jiv^roii ,£).^'i':<ci:r'?£:e'j ;:fr c'-ax;;!: J'l -n-toXoo
'i;:.i-:o sifoi'isv Sift a.i3 X.Lsr; es •so^lij.^^j ;-ir' i^o .:nDmX'ioqxS:
JcMi ;^i. "eni^?co ^ '. ^.'~- ■:r.L" /j XX.-o-o:: c;n.'- j:-1.j- ib-vo ::^ aaXqii-oa
lo -rTXiiOD '!'■' >vhX vr". lo XiOii'i '.s'^jj ;^.;" 'io ion;.;.-;p9anoo nc sx/iJ'
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vXc^o ^)':>*;:.r,t X- - v • ix-:[1
101.
light yellows, pulp, and pink that give a percentage reflecting
power of important magnitude. This is no douht due to the
strong reflection of white light from the mass of uncolored
fibers composing "':he surface. The very light colors in general
diffuse well owing to the uncolored component of reflected light,
and, v/ith the exception of the yellows, the reflecting power di-
minishes very rapidly as the tone of color "becomes deep.
The curves show that for all smooth surfaces the re-
flection follows very nearly the law of the cosine. A very
noticeable feature is in the increased reflecting power with the
roughnessof the surface. This is very apparent in the commercial
papers known as ingrain where a great percentage of the surface
fibers reflect white light from the uncolored portion. Roughness
in a paper in use, however, permits the surface to become coated
with a film of dust and thereby reduce the reflecting power.
Contrasted with this a smooth light tinted surface will diffixse
well at first but loses its power of reflection rapidly as it
becomes soiled. A glance through the data will show that th?
dark blues, greens, and browns in all their varieties have very
low reflecting powers and in" commercial work should, therefore,
be avoided where effective Illumination is desired.
In fabric or burlap wall coverings there is considerable
loss from multiple reflections from the surface of the dyed fiber
producing an effect of "richness" of color. This too. gives a
more uniform diffusion which is very noticeable in the regularity
of all the curves for fabric coverings. A very interesting
rrt^lo-'tll.^'i e-io ^fi'^.o i.^'^ r, ovi^* is:u: xrj.;q; d:i;j , il'-i ,av/oIl6;. ^/l^il
j;cI'^o ■ '■,.11 ■,-■ V -^ -T .-joe' '.
•, '1 ; i'i'-^c^.?, iZ^ \o''i ir.:' -.vOiis ■;; jV crro -'jfT
•r'YiLb .[-■■'; ■ o V :: ;: ; ;:r::.. ■::,; :. -B-r^-oO
;••■ ::^?.f) .'b?Iior: ngmooocT
3 30v-,:> ■' .;•••; Too ;d1-x'' Io i'o^-l'is ns gn ■•>»- ij^' tO
102,
feature to note in the burlaps is that coating the top surface
of the projecting fibers with silver will add about 10/= to the
effective reflecting power of the ground surface color. Sample
#76, a very light burlap, is conspicuous for a large percentage
of regular diffusion which is probably due to thebbundles of un-
coloredf ibers apparent in the structure. Burlaps, like rough
papers, will rapidly loose their reflecting powers as they be-
come coated with dust.
Turning our attention to the results secured from the
samples of painted surfaces we see a marked difference in the
curves, as compared with the other surfaces. The paints were
carefully prepared on sheet metal so *:hat they presented a very
smooth surface. Paint gives a very considerable amount of
surface reflection of white light in spite of the pigmentswith
which they are colored . This is because of the fine particles
of color intermingled with the white pigments. Diffusion from
paint is very regular and from the luster of the surface is very
strong in comparison with the papers and ather wall coverings.
The color effects show the same characteristics in paints as
the other surfaces.
Samples #130, lcl,and 1Z2 which are very light colors and
yellow, show a great regular reflection and mtich as a matt surface.
The darker colors however, for the incident ray normal to the
surface show by the curves a rapid diminution of regular reflect-
ion as the incident ray leaves the normal position.
rf. :
.':■-■ X. to:
r:.c aoxJ-;:l'i-^.'06i/^'o
TABLE of REFLECTING
10 ;
COEFFICIENTS.
COLOR. 0 °
10°
28
30°
4§
50°
60°
78
e^
White 100
91.5
80.
70.
60.
47.
34.
18.
11.
Light Yellow 88.
81.
74.
64.
58.
43.
30.
19.
9.
Yellow paint 8S.
75.
68.
61.
54.
43.
29.
13.
7.
fellow paper 81.
76.
67.
58.
53.
38.
26.
17.
8.
Med. Yellov/ Paint' 72.
60.
57.
52.
41.
35 .
•->o
14.
7.
Yellow burlap 67,
59.
56.
50.
58.
34.
24.
13.
8.
Dark Yellow Faint59.
5*^ .
50.
42.
57.
27.
16.
11.
9.
Light Gre£-. 56.
52.
43.
40.
34.
23.
17.
12;
Light BrovTi B 40.
?3 .
29.
26.
21.
16.
13.
10.
LIGET Orange B. 4;1.
34.
30.
50..
29.
22.
15.
11.
Light Brown F 40 #
33 .
29.
26.
21.
IG.
13.
10.
Pink §5.
25.
23 .
20.
19.
14.
12.
9.
Light Brown PaintS2.
IS.
11.
9.
7.
6.
Dark blue 30.
23.
16.
15.
12.
11.
10.
Light Blue Burlap35.
29.
27.
2'"-',
92 ,
18.
14.
10.
Light Green " 29.
26.
(Lij »
20.
18.
17.
12.
9.
Orange Burlap 25.
22.
21.
19.
18.
14.
12.
Dark Blue Paint ■ 21.
7.
4.
3.
Dark Green Burlap20.
17.
15.
14.
13.
11.
9.
8.
Dark Red paper 20 .
18.
17.
14.
8.
7.
4.
Dark Brown 17.
14.
13.
12.
10.
9.
7.
6.
Olive Green Paintll.
7.
7.
6.
5.
4.5
4.
Purple Burlap 10 .
9.
8.4
8.
7.5
,IP
od-iriW
?:^
,p
104.
From the foregoing we can now siommarize the qualities
which effect the reflecting pov^er of the surface into:-
Pirst, the angle at which the light strikes the surface;
Second, the nature of the surface( smoothness);
Third, the color of the materiel; and,
Fourth, the color of the illuminant.
In the illumination of rooms the diffused reflection from
the walls and ceiling is an important item. We can determine
to what extent such reflection would be of benefit by supposing
a single light source to illuminate the enclosure. This source
will give out its light in all directions and every ray will reach
some point on the surface of the walls from which point it will
be re-reflected and so on indefinitely until it is entirely ab--
sorbed. The increase in illumination prodiiced by this complex : fti
reflection will equal vinity divided by the quantity, unity minus
the coefficient of reflection or reflecting power of the walls.
1
" Illumination =
1- C.
Hence from the preceeding table and this equation we
can deduce a very close estimate of the coefficient of the re-
flecting power and the illumination for any given color. Extreme
accuracy, however, cannot be secured because of the complex sur-
roundings of the enclosure such as doors, furnishings, and the
like. Any secondary reflection has approximately the same coef-
ficient of reflection as the first, so that for two reflections
of the same beam , the intensity of the beam that finally leaves
.^or
■ Hn;ii-o ,. ..
■? . ■ cv 1 c;'!.:^?.' f'r ^9 30.:. :vj *nioq onroa
I
-.i.:j,L'jL'i-:-00
■o::ovii) n£i-j
'I \7X':i5rroo.::a vrcA ,s:lxl
105.
the surface is that of the incident beam times the square of the
coefficient of diffusion; and so on for the higher powers.
The color and quality of the surface of walls, therefore
we see plays a very important part in practical illumination,
for rooms with very dark colored walls requires a very much more
liberal use of illuminants for en equal intensity than those
with white or lightly colored walls. The difference, as seen
from the table preceeding, is great enough to be a considerable
factor in the economics of illumination in every case where ar-
tistic considerations are not of prime importance*
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