UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN piEGO
3 1822 01898 3668
fHE UNIVEf?5;iTY LlRRARY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. SAN CIEGO
LA JOLLA. CALIFORNIA
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EGYPTFAN COINAGE.
SILVEE.
2 Piastres, T.
10 riASTKt.H, Tariff. 1 Piastre, T.
NICKEL.
1 Rlll.I.U-MK.
2 M II.I.IKMES.
[P.O. 619H.]
[See p. 80.]
MARLBOROUGH'S SELF-TAUGHT SERIES.
Egyptian Self-Taught
(ARABIC).
CONTAINING
Alphabet and Pronunciation —
Vocabularies — Elementary Grammar — Idiomatic
Phrases & Conversations — Travel Talk —
Money, Weights and Measures.
BY
CAPTAIN C. A. THIMM.
Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged by
MAJOR R. A. MARRIOTT, D.S.O.
London :
E. MARLBOROUGH & CO., 51, Old Bailey, E.C
1914.
[all rights reserved.]
NOTE TO THIRD EDITION.
It has been the fashion since the occupation of Egypt to speak
slightingly of the colloquial form of Arabic in use there.
This is partly because, as is the case in every country, the
commoner forms of speech seem uncouth and unclassical to
students who have learnt their Arabic either in universities, from
viunshis in India, or from Syrians (who are frequently in Egypt
the professed instructors).
The basis of the common speech is, however, classical, though
not directly recognisable as such. The fact that some of the words
have not been encountered in the comparatively scanty literature
of the Arabs, nor in the Koran, does not preclude them from being
Arabic, though the forms of speech may not rank higher than such
English forms as shan't, ain't, and Tve.
Take, for instance, the word so often heard — balldsh, gratis (used
often where "gratis" is scarcely the trahslation). This is the
Egyptian form of bila shcy, without anything; and mush (not) is
via shcy, like the ne and pas in French, though the proper
negative is ind, Id, or leyss.
The Egyptian language has also the characteristic of using many
words in their diminutive form. Thus md, water, becomes moyyah ;
saghir, small, saghayijar, hence also the form sliutudyyah which
again is scarcely recognisable in the expression bi shtveysh meaning
slowly. Further, letters are sometimes transposed : zog, a pair,
becomes guz ; yiVan becomes yin'al, the most common expletive in
use, in the form yin'al abuk ! " May your father be cursed" 1
Some scholars are of opinion that the Egyptian Arabic, showing
kinship with the Aramaic, is entitled to as high a place in the
pedigree of the langua.ge as is the language of the Koran.
Everyone of standing or education in Egypt speaks with a
superstructure of good Arabic, so that a student of the language
may rest assured that as he advances in knowledge of the
expressions and words used amongst the educated natives he i?
learning Arabic which will stand him in good stead elsewliere.
R. A. MARRIOTT.
CUelintiford, Iy07,
PREFACE.
THIS little manual is intended as a practical handbook of
colloquial Arabic, as spoken in Egypt, for the Army and
Navy, Travellers, Missionaries and Traders, in the Nile Valley
and Delta, or in the Sudan.
By the use of this book, students, tourists and others will find
they are quite competent to make themselves understood by all
classes of Arabs met with in Egypt, the Sudan, and a considerable
part of North Africa.
Full Vocabularies of words in common, every-day use are sup-
plied, including a particularly comprehensive list of Military
terms and a useful section of Conversational Phrases and Sentences
of a practical character. In addition an outline of the Grammar
of Arabic is given, and students of the Language will find this of
great assistance in mastering the construction of sentences.
In the Vocabularies the plural has in most cases been added to
the nouns, as well as the imperative of the verbs, which also
occasionally presents diificulties.
The system of transliteration adopted is of a simple and phonetic
character, and is clearly laid down at the commencement of the
book, where the forms of the Arabic. characters are given, together
with a full explanation of the peculiarities of pronunciation, the
Egyptian rendering of the Arabic alphabet, and the equivalent
sound of each letter in English — thus supplying the key to the
second column throughout.
Thanks are due to Professor Flinders Petrie for revising the
proofs, and to Sir Alfred Milner, K.C.B., Dr. Andrew Watson,
Captain H. C. Prichard, Mr. D. A. Cameron and others for useful
suggestions made.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
The Alphabet 5
The Forms of the Letters 6
Remarks on the Pronunciation of Arabic ... ... ... 8
Vocabularies. — Pages 12 to 60.
Animals, Birds and Fishes 14
Colours 34
Commercial and Trading Terms 59
Countries and Nations ... ... ... ... ... ... 31
Eating and Cooking Utensils 21
Fruits, Trees, Flowers, Herbs and Vegetables 16
Government Ministries and Administrations 45
House and Furniture 22
Mankind: Relations ... ... ... ... ... ... 18
Dress 19
Pood and Drink 20
Human Body, The 16
Militan-y Titles 46
Naval and Military Terms 47
Numbers: Cardinal, Collective... ... ... ... ... 32
Parts of Speech: Adjectives, Adverbs, etc.. Conjunctions,
Interrogatives, Prepositions, Pronour^s, Verbs ... 34 to 45
Professions and Trades 24
Religious Words for Missionary \Yorkers 60
Reptiles and Insects ... ... ... ... 15
Ships and Shipping 25
Shooting Implements and Fishing Tackle 28
Time and Seasons 29
Town and Country ... ... ... ... ... ... 23
Travelling 26
World and its Elements, The 12
Land and Water ; Minerals and Metals 13
Writing 27
The Grammar of Arabic— Pages 61 to 66.
Remarks — The Verb : Auxiliary Verbs ; General Formation
of Tenses — Pronoun — Formation of Plurals — Definite
Article — Negative — Adjective — Polite Diction.
Conversations. — Pages 67 to 79.
Directions to Workmen .. 72
Travel Talk : Arrival 73
An Excursion 76
On the Nile 77
The Railway 74
Simple and Practical Phrases 68
Useful and Necessary Expressions 67
Weights and Measures 79
Egyptian Money 80
EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE (ARABIC).
PHONETIC TRANSLITERATION.
1.
THE ALPHABET.
The Arabic Alphabet is composed of the 2S following
letters, all of which are written, like most Eastern Lan-
guages, from the right hand to the left. Each letter
assumes a different form according to its position at
the beginning, middle or end of the word.
The following characters are written:—-
1. when totally unconnected with any other letter.
2. when at the end of a word, or joined only to the
letter preceding.
3. when connected with the preceding and following
letters.
4. when at the beginning of a word, or joined only to
the letter following.
THE FORMS OF THE LETTERS.
When
unconnec-
ted with
other
characters.
When joined to other letters. |
Name.
Final,
joined to
preceding
only.
Medial,
joined to
preceding
and
following.
Initial,
joiued to
following
only.
Pronunciation
in Egypt.
Alif
!
I
—
a
Bey
^
V^
A
^
b
Tey
c^
ViA
A
J
t
They
CJ
t^
A
'J
t (Arabic th
or s)
Gim
c
r
rs\
s-
g (Arabic j)
Ha
C
e
i^V
s>.
h
Kha
t
e
^\.
^
kh
Dal
<:>
tX
—
—
d
Zal
6
tX
z
Rey
;
7 y
—
r
Zeyn
;
> /
z
Sin
LT
LT*
A«A
•M/
8
Shin
LT
lA
AWb
•w
sh
Sad
UO
(j^
J>D.
^
s
Dhad
U^
c>A
-^
^
d
When
\Ylien joined to othe
' letters.
Name.
unconnec-
ted witli
other
characters.
Final,
joined to
preceding
only.
Medial,
joined to
preceding
and
following.
Initial,
joined to
following
only.
Pronunciation
In Egypt.
Tha
h
h.
k
J^
t
Zha {or Dha)
h
^
k
\b
Z
'Ain
e
t
A
&
aa
Ghain
t
d
A
h
gh
Fey
o
v^
A
i
f
Qaf
O
(J-
A
'i
q {or g)
Kaf
^ d
^JL
s: ^
S ^
k
Lam
J
J^
JL
J
1
j\Iim
r
r
♦
A
m
Nun
'J
^
A
J
D
Hey
s
&
^
»
h
Wilu
^
^
w, u.
Yey
^
(5
A
I
V
The forms I j 6 » \ and , are used as connecting letters.
From J and \ Lam-Alif are formed^ or lil, in connection ^
From j (n) and is, (kh) is formed the ligature ii.
Many other ligatures are formed, especially in writing.
REMARKS ON THE PRO^'UNCIATION OP ARABIC.
Where in English we have more than one pronunciation for
a letter we are content to leave it so, but the Arabic alphabet
contains a different letter for every sound in the language.
Though Arabic has no j? and v, it has two h sounds, two t, two
s, two d, two 2, and two k sounds, besides the c and the c
sounds — which last are (as far as English is concerned) peculiar
to Arabic. These two are often quoted as the chief difficulties
in mastering the Arabic pronunciation ; but though strange to our
ears, they are soon mastered sufficiently for practical purposes.
The real difficulties are more subtle, and very often not recognized
until some mastery of the language has been obtained.
The c, transcribed 'din, is a sound which is linked with the
vowel-sounds of a (long), ee (English), and u, but generally with
the a, and can be distinguished from ^hem, even by a not very
precise ear. It can be attained by practice, and is a vowel-sound
produced far back and down in the throat. Special throat-
muscles must be developed to produce it, so that a European can
never imitate the sound at the first attempt.
The c (ghain) is much more easily acquired, as it is a sound
which is approached very nearly in many European tongues —
in Northumbrian English, in the r 'grasseyS' in French, and
in the German r. It requires the muscles of the throat to be in
the ' gargling ' position whilst pronouncing r.
The p- (hlid) represents nearly the sound of the Scotch c/i, as in
loch, and of ch in the German language. In Egyptian it is rendered
harder by placing the muscles of the throat as in clearing it.
The <». (g'tni) is, in Egypt, pronounced as a hard g, but the
Arab population keep the correct soft y.
The *- (hd) is quite as difficult as the 'atn to master. It
is the sound of h in ' hard,' emitted with great force, and is, as
a rule, the last difficulty to be overcome, because the importance
of the distinction is not at first recogniz<jd. This ako is made at
the back of the throat. In words like suhk, ' morning/ it gives
an extra syllable, and when it occurs twice in a word (as sakih,
' true,') it presents a great difficulty.
The J ('Z''/) is peculiar to Arabic, and is a throat h which
seems to present some trouble even to Arabic-speaking peojjle,
because it is generally rendered by the sound of a hard g, and in
Cairo is inaudible. Thus f»^ qoom (' Get up ! ') would sound
like 'oom in Cairo and goom in the provinces. The lapse of this
q in Cairo adds considerably to the difficulty of grasping the
words] therefore special attention is called to words in which
q is transcribed. Daqlqali, 'a minute,' is pronounced da-ee-a*
The ■^ (til) does not call for much comment. Properly speak-
ing it is like an s when lisped, and is to most Arabs, even in
Arabia, as difficult to pronounce as it is to a German or French-
man, and consequently is generally given the sound of s in official
Arabic, but in colloquial Egyptian it has only the sound of f.
^^ja, u^, h and H — The subtler distinctions made between the
two kinds of s, d, t and z are not very important to a beginner,
but as the student advances he will have to make the distinctions,
especially when he comes to writing. It may be said that the
difTcrence consists in pronouncing the ^j.*, ^, Is and 4> as s, d,
t and 2 far back in the throat, ending the sound by the tongue
approaching the palate instead of the front teeth.
To recapitulate, the alphabet is given as follows, in order,
stating only the equivalent sounds with regard to the Egyptian
language.
I Alif, most frequently as a in father; sometimes more like
the u in but.
wJ Beij, like the English b.
O Tei/, like the English t.
* As Cairo is the capital and the centre of erlucatiou, all officials Id
the country pronounce tlic Qaf similarly.
10
^ Tltey, like the English t. (See p. 9.)
«^ Glm (gcem), like the English hard g. Among the Arabs
^ it is called jeem, and pronounced soft, like g in germ.
9- Hd. (See p. 8.)
^ Klid. (See p. 8.)
i Dal, like the English d.
3 Zdl, like the English z.
J 7?e//, like English r (or rather rr) in terror.
j Zci/n, like the English z.
^_f^ Shi (seen), like the English s.
^ Shin (sheen), like the English sh,
,jo Sad, like the English s. \
^ Dhdd, like the Englisli d. { ,r,
, nu- -1 .1 T^ ,^, . r (^See p. 9.)
y Tha, like the English t. I ' '
Ji D/ia, or ^/ia, like the English z. j
"^ /-., . r (See p. 8, — and p. 11 for transcription.)
p Ghdm. )
y^J Fcij, like the English /.
^ Qdf, like a hard ^ in the provinces, in Cairo inaudible.
J Kdf, like the English h. (See p. 9.)
J Lam, like the English /.
^ J\Ihn (meem), like the English ?«.
(J iV(7)i (noon), like the English ?i.
a 7^e(/, like the English h. When it has two dots over it (t)
it becomes a t. In Egyptian, words properly ending in *
are pronounced as if it were 5.
6 Wdu (woic), has the sound of w, or of oo as in soon, accord-
ing to circumstances.
Yei/, like the English y, and terminally has also the sound
of ee in English.
The beginner will do well not to spend too much time in attempting
to master the various forms of the letters (pp. G, 7) ; they will be learnt in
a practical way by trying to read words, names of stations, streets, &c.
In order to render the pronunciation as given in these pages
as concise and as clear as possible without attempting to distin-
guish the more delicate inflections of sound, which might serve
o
11
only to confuse tlie reader — namely, the different kinds of -s d, t,
■Mui c,— the following transcription is given, and should be
continually referred to by the learner until he is familiar with it.
a short, for the sound of ?t in but.
a long, ,, ,, a in father.
e short, ,, ,, e in met.
i short, ,, ,, i iu tit-bit.
I long, ,, ,, ee in meet.
0 short, ,, ,, 0 in work.
o long, for the sound of o hwpole.
zt short, ,, ,, n in put.
u long, ,, ,, 00 in soon,
di (or ay), ,, ,, i in wine,
cif^ ,, ,, ai in tvain.
an ., ,, oiv in cow.
'«, 'e, '•/, 'o, 'n, for the different vowel-inflections of the ^ 'aln,
as Ufa ('belonging to'), saZ^'m (' seventy '), and '»/»/■
kh for the sound of ch in loch and German ich, but it is
not nearly so soft, and is more raucous.
h for hard /(., as in subh ('morning'), sahlh ('true').
gli, for c (ghdin), as in Meghagha (station south of Caim).
A comma following a letter, as in rd,{s (' head,' or ' foreman'),
represents the hamza inflection, which is a sort of catch in the
voice. The difference in the pronunciation is exemplified by the
difference between a nice house and an ice house.
All other letters given will be pronounced as in English. In
a few cases the acute accent has been inserted for the accented
syllable, ns Iraldhna, 'we wrote.'
Notes on the Tonic Accent. — -The tonic accent or stress falls
naturally on a syllable containing a vow^el marked with along or an
acute accent; e.g., tdra, f/hordb, inardl;hi, taldmza, mosl;6wi, allcih.
It is also indicated by the duplication of letters and by the
occurrence of the hard /*. ; e.g., iiiakJmd'dah, arhag't/i, felnk'hah,
eh'iia, istah'kam.
The f. {'ain), except in the rare case of its being final, re-
quiring more effort to pronounce, also indicates the accent ; e.g.,
bit'ai.
In many instances where the stress is not specially indicated,
it falls quite naturally on the right syllable ; e.g., heijtah,
tarabei/zah, diinanmalt (hey'tah, tarabey'zah, dunan'mah).
In other cases, where no vowel in a word is accented, the
syllables have equal stress laid on them ; e.g., i/Jiada, nafas,
iahrah, maksab, sanawat d (jamal.
The final ah of nouns and adjectives, representing the
aspirate « , must from its nature have less stress than the pre-
ceding syllable in two-syllable words : it has not been thought
necessary, therefore, to accent such words as labaaJi, uardah.
• Annroachinsi the short ?t in valuo.
12
VOCABULARIES.
ABBREVIATIONS.
Ii.— Lower Egypt. U.— Upper Egypt.
Imp. Imperative.
Plti. Plural.
N.B.— The I denotes the preseuce of yey (see page 10) in the Arabic, as
does also final i. Thus 'arableh (carriage) when plural becomes 'aralniiut
as the yey in such words has more of the sound value of y. The feminine
ah becomes at before a vowel, e.g., es sikkat el hadid (the railway).
1. The World and its Elements.
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
God
Allah
Creator
khali q
world
dunya
sky
sama, gau
sun ■
shems, sems (l.), shemsh (u.)
moon
qamar
star
nigmah
air
haua
earth
ard
water
moyyah
fire
nar
sea
bahr
animal
hay wan, plu. haywanat
cattle
pill, bahayim
nature
tab'iah
light
niir
dark
atmah, zalara
weather
haua
wind
rih, plu. aryfih
storm
nau
cloud
ghaim
rain
matar
snow, ico
telg
hail
bard, galld
tIniDder
ra'ad
lightning
barq
13
English.
AnABic. — Phonetic rroiiuiici;i
fog-
shahurah
heat
hararah
cold
bard, barid
North
bahri, shemal
South
qibli
East
sharq
West
gharb
whirlwiiiil
zoba'ah
North-wind
tiyab
earthquake
zilzilah, phi. zalazil
echpse of the sun
inkisaf
echpse of the moon |
khusuf
2. Land and Water.
Lahd
ard
island
gezlrah, plu. gazayir
mountain
gebel, 2^Ztt. gibfil
valley
wadi
river
bahr, plu. bubiir
lake
birkah
water
moyyah
rock
sakhrah, plu. sukhui
wave •
mogah, 2jZ». dmwag
shore
barr, shati, sahil
garden
gineynah, plu. ganayii
reservoir
khazzan
mound
kom, plu. kiman
the first cataract
shallalah el auwal
the second cataract
shallalah et-tani
clay
tin
clear water
moyyah rayqah
cold water
moyyah baridah
hot water
moyyah sukhnah
3. Min
erals and Metals.
Gold
dahab
silver
faddah
copper
nahhas alimar
brass
nahhas asfar
iron
hadid
u
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
tin
safleh, tanak
steel
solb, bulad
lead
rusas
coal (charcoal stone)
fahra hagar
marble
rokham
stone
hagar
sand
rami, ramleh
metal
m'adan, jjIu. ma'adin
charcoal
fahm hatab
mineral
m'adani
amber
kahraman
granite
sa^van
gravel
hasil, local haswah
mercury )
quicksilver j
zeybaq
5. Animals, Birds a^d Fishes.
Animal
Ijaywan, plu. haywanat
horse
hosan, plu. kheyl
cow
baqarah
calf
igl, plu. agul
lion
sab'a, pZ». sub'ua
lioness
labwah, ^du. labwat
pig
khanzlr, plu. khanazir
sheep
ghanam
lamb
kharuf, ^jZ?/. khirfan
goat
m'izah, jdn. ma'iz
dog
kelb, f»ZM. kelab
cat
qottah, plu. qotat
hare
arnab, plu. aranib
AVOlf
dib, plu. diyab
fox
ta'aleb
mouse, rat
far, plu. firan
cock
dik, plu. doyuk
hen
farkhah, ^jZu. firakh
fowl
teyr, 2jZ((. tiyur
chicken
katkut, 2>Zw. katakit
goose
wizzah, plu. wizz
15
English.
Arabic— Phone tic l^ronunciation.
duck
batta, plu. batt
bird
asfur, }du. asafir
dove
yamnamah, ^)?». yamam
eagle
nisr, plu. nesur
crow
ghorab
turkey
dik rumi
pelican
rakhamah
birdlime
dibk
owl
burnah
pigeon
hamamah, plu. hamam
hawk
saqr
partridge
hagal
fish
samak
lobster
abu-galambo
cattle
ma-washi, bahayim {bovine)
mule
baghlah, plu. bigbfil
camel
gamal, plu. ginial
hump of the camel
sanamat el gamal
donkey
honiar, plu. hemir
dromedary
haglu, plu. hegana
elephant
fll, plu. afyal
horse shoe
liidwa, plu. liadawi
hide (of a beast)
gild, plu. gelud
horn
qurn, plu. qorun
monkey
nisnas, plu. nasanis
quail
simmanah
sandgrouse
qatt'a
gazelle
ghazal
5. Rep
tiles and Insects.
White ant
dddah, 2'^"- <iud
ant
namlah, plu. naml
fly
dibbanah, }dii, dibban
bee
nalilab, phi. nahl
flea
barghut, plu. baraghit
spider
'ainkabiit
crocodile
timsali, 2>lu. tamash
wasp
dabbur, plu. dobablr
mosquito
namiisah, plu. namus
moth
ittah
16
English
DUg
insect
reptiles
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
baqqah, phi. baqq
hasharah, waghish
dabib, ha-wam
dofd'ah, plu. dafad'ih
6. Fruit, Trees
, Flowers, Herbs and Vegetables
Fruits
fawakih
apple
tiflah
pear
kommittrah
plum
barkukah, plu. barkuk
tree
shagarah, pin. ashgar, or
nut
gozah [shagar
walnut
goz
grapes
'aneb
lemon
leymun
oak
ballut
rose
wardah
flower
zahrah, jdu. zuhur
grass
hashish x
herbs
negll
barley
sha'ir
cabbage
koronb
carrots
gazar
cauliflower
karnabit
celery
karafs
cinnamon
qirfah
clove
qor6nfil
corn
ghallah or qamlj
garlic
torn
melon
battikh
yellow melon
abdel-lawi, shamam
olives
zeytun
onions
bassal
7.
The Human Body.
Body
gasad, gism
skin
gild, ;;Zit. gelud
heart
qalb, plu. quiub
liead
ras, plu. ru-us
hair
sh'arab, plu. sh'ar
17
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
face
wish, wegli
forehead
gibhah
eye
'ayn, phi. 'ayun
nose
manakhlr
nostrils
monkh^r
mouth
hanak, fomm
tongue
lissan
ear
widn, jjZ». audan
neck
'onq or rakabah, pin.
rikab
back
dahr
belly
batn
stomach
m'ida
eh in
qasabat errigl, saq, p
Ji/. slqan
foot
rigl, qadam
arm
dira'a
hand
yed
finger
soba'a, plu. sawabi'a
finger-nail
dofr, pill, adafir
thumb
bahim
eye-lid
gifn, plu. gifiin
eye-brow
hagib, phi. hawagib
eye-lash
rimsh, phi. rimusli
tooth
sinn, phi. assnan
molar
ders, phi. adras
beard
dakn
elbow
ku'a, phi. akw'a
blood
dam
lungs
fish shah
blindness
'am a
dumb
akhras
deaf
atrash
dead
mayyifc
alive
'ayish, hai
naked
aryan
bowels
masarin
navel
sorrah
right-hand
yemin
left-hand
shemal
hand (palm of the)
kalf
breath
nafas
drum of the ear
somakh el widn
Egyptian S.T.
Q
18
English.
Ababio.— Phonetic Pronunciation.
8. Mankind; Relations.
People
man
woman
husband
wife
boy
girl
parents
father
mother
son
daughter
brother
sister
female
male
maid (virgin)
widow
widower
bride
bridegroom
fatherless
relation
relative
Christian
grand -child
grand -fat her
grand -mother
negro
negress
nephew
niece
nas
ragil, 2)Zm. rigal
marah, 2'^"- nisswan
zog
zogah, marah
walad, plu. aulad
bint, plu. benat
walideyn
abu
omm, plu. ommaliat
ibn, walad ; flu. abna or beni,
aulad
bint
akhii, plu. akhwan
okbt, plu. akhawat
nitayah
dakar, zakar ; plu. dokiir,
zokur
bint bikr, plu. benat bukkar
azbah, armalah
azib
arusah, plu. arayis
arls, 2^lu. irsan
yatim
qarabah
qarib
maslhi, nusrani
ibn el ibn, ibn el bint, hafid
gidd
giddah
'abd, plu. 'abid
garyah, plu. guwar
ibn el akb, ibn el okht
bint el akh, bint el okbt
19
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
9. Dress.
Coat
sitrah
cloak
barnus
shirt
qamis, pi. qumsan
waistcoat
sadeyrah
pocket
geyb, plu. go-yub
button
zirr, plu. ezrar
stockings
shorabat, gorabat
boots
gazmah
shoe
markiib, gazmah ; plu. mara-
kib, gizam
hat
borneytah, plu. barauTt
handkerchief
mandll, plu. manadll
watch
sa'ah
purse
kiss, jilu. akyass
brush
furshah, jylu. forash
comb
misht, plu. amshat
■ gloves
guanti, kufuf
soap
sabiin
ring
khatim, plu. khawatim
shawl
shal, plu. shilan
a pair of trousers
bantal6n
spectacles
nadarah
necktie
kirawatah
scissors
maqas
slippers
babiish
cloth
gukh
collar
y-aqah, plu. y-aqat
cotton
qotn
lace
tonteylali
needle
ibrah, plu. obar
drawers
libas
pin
dabbus
thread
kheyt
umbrella
shemsleh
0«
English.
20
Arabic— Plionclic rromiuciatioa.
10. Food and Drink.
Meat
breakfast
lunch
supper, dinner
soup
boiled meat
fish
beef
mutton
pork
beans
boiled eggs
fried eggs (baked)
egg
omelet
cheese
bread
salt
pepper
mustard
vinegar
salad
milk
cream
sugar
tea
cotfee
■water
wine
bottle
glass
fresh bread
sauce
sausage
food
driulc (to)
vegetables
lahm
futur
ghada
'asha
shorbah
lahm masluq
samak
lahm baqari
lahm dani
lahm khanzTr
fui
beyd masluq
beyd maqli
beydah, ])lu. beyd
iggat beyd
gibnah
'eysli
melh
filfil
khardal
khall
salata
leben
qishtah
sukkar
shai
qahwah
moyyah
nebid
qizazah, pin. qazayiz
kubbayah
'eysh tazah
salsa
sogokk
akl
shereb, vuperative ishrab
khodar
21
JEngiisa.
Ababic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
dates
belah
olives
zeytuii
cake
fetir, kahk
celery
karafs
cauliflower
karnabit
parsley
baqdonos
■cabbage
koronb
ii'ice
ruz
ibran
nokhalah
:a nioutliful
loqmah
ibrotli
marakah
scliicken
katkut, jjZ». kataklt
<cream
qishtah
flour
deqiq
a glass of wine
kubbayah nebid
a glass of water
kubbayah nioyyah
lemouade
limonada
11. Eating and Cooking Utensils.
Table cloth
table napkin
plate
dish
knife
fork
spoon
cup
salt-cellar
tea-pot
frying-pan
kettle
corkscrew
hoe
shovel
stove
tray
oven
filter
hatchet
ghata es soffrah
futah es soffrah
sahn, tabaq
sahn
sikkln, plu. sakakin
shokah
ma'alaqah
fingan, plu. fanagin
mallahah
ibrik shai
miqlayah
ghallayah, ghallayat, ibrik
barimah
fas (l.), turiyeh (u.)
kureyk
kanun
tisht
forn
misfayah
baltah
22
English.
I Akadic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
12. House and Furniture.
The house
el beyt
room
odah, pht. owad
bed
farshah
bedstead
seru'
pillow
makhaddab, pin. makhaddat
blanket
batanleh
sheet
milayah, jjIu. milayat
door
bab, pin. abwab
window
shibbak, plu. shebablk
bell
gar as
wall
heytah, plu. heytan
roof
sath
floor
ardieh
chair
kursi, phi. karasi
sofa
dlwan
carpet
saggadah, pin. saggadat
table
soffrah, tarabeyzah
broom
furshah
looking-glass
mirayah, pin. niirayat
mattress
mertdbah
quilt
lihaf
fireplace, chimney
madkhanah
jug or pot
kuz
pail
sutl
towel
futah or bashkir; pZ». fuwat,
bashaklr
basin
tisht
bath (warm)
hammam
basket
mishannah, maqtaf, alaq
candlestick
shamadan
candle
sham'a, plu. shumu'a
lock
quflah, keylun
key
muftah, jilu. mafatlh
furniture
mobiliat
stable
isstabl
matches
kabrit
mat
hasirah, plu. hosr
23
English.
bottle
landlord
tenant (or merchant)
lease, rental (or
wages)
bricks
house (a) to be let
water closet
kitchen
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
qizazah, J^la. qazayiz
muaggir, saljib el- bey t
tagir
ugra
tub
beyt 111 igar
mustarah,
matbakh
beyt el 'adcb,
['adebkhanah
13. Town and Country.
City, or town (large)
country (native)
village
street
square
market
palace
church
tower
post
post-office
police-office
hospital
exchange
bridge
custom-house
prison
shop
hotel
castle, fortress
corner
foot pavement
railway
field
forest
cross-road
medlnah, 2'^"- madfiyin
beled
beled
sikkah, plu. sikak
maiddn
siik, }dii. aswak
sarayah or qasr; 2^Zu. sarayat
qusur
kenlsah, kanayis
burg, 2'^!'. abrag
bosta
bosta, maliall el bosta
zabtleh
isbitaliah
borsa
qantarah, ])lu. qanatir
gumruk
habs
dokkan, jjIu. dakakln
lokanda
qal'aah
rukn, plu, arkan
balat
sikkat el hadid
gheyt, plu. ghitan
ghabah, plu. ghabat
arb'a mafariq
24
English.
AnABic— Phonetic Pronunciallon.
farm
'abadieh
fence wall
sur
gate
bab, 2'^"- abwab
path
tarlq
grass
hashish
mound
kom, pin. kiman
pyramid
haram, jdx. ahram
desert
gebel
road
tarlq, darb, sikkah
where does this road
lead to ?
es sikkah deh tawadlna feyn?
ii. Professions and Trades.
Profession
ambassador
professor, teacher
scholar (pupil)
doctor
medicine
chemist
policeman
police
postmaster
postman
guard, station agent
or master
store-keeper
merchant
merchandise
clerk
bookseller
bookbinder
shoemaker
tailor
blacksmith
barber
watchmaker
jeweller
oculist
kar, sena'ah
elchi (Turkish)
mu'allim
talmiz, plu. talauiza
'alem, pin. 'ulama ; hakim,
(pin. hukama) doktor
dauvva
kimawi
'askari
bulls, zabtieh
wakil el bosta
bostagy
wakil, or ra^is mahattah
makhzangi
tagir, pin. togar
buda'ah
katib
kutbi, plu. kutbiya
mogallid kutub
gizamati, saramati
khayyat, pin. khayyatin
haddad
mozayyin, hallaq
sa'ati
gawahirgi
hakim 'oyun
25
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation
laundress
ghassalah
farmer
muzari'a
porter (carrier)
shayyal, hannnal
lawyer
avokato
midwife
dayah
servant
khaddam, plu. khaddamin
grocer
baqqal
groom
sayis, j^^^'- siyas
sailor
bahri, marakbi
gentleman
khawagali (Persian)
lady
sitt, plu. sittat
guide
dalll
interpreter
motargim, plu. motargimin
dragoman
terguman
coachman
arbiigi
carpenter
naggar, jilu. naggarin
watchman
ghafir, jilu. ghufara
fish-monger
sammak, plu. sammakin
cutler
sakaklni
slave
'abd
plaintiff
mudd'ai
defendant
mudda'a 'aleyh
appellant
mustanif
auctioneer
dallal
baker
khabbaz, farran
engineer
mohdndis, jdu. mohandisin
engraver
naqqash
gardener
ganayni
gilder
talla
goldsmith
sayigh
missionary
mursal, plu. mursalln
nun
rahbah, j)lu. rahbat
nurse
dadah, ^^Zx. dadat
surgeon
gavrah
Beduin chief
sheykh el-'orban
15. Sh
ips and Shipping.
Steamer
babiir, wabur
ship
merkeb, ^jZw. marakib
boat, barge
sandal, plu. sanadil
mast
sari, plu. sawari
26
EiiKlish.
Arabic.— Phonetic Pronunciation .
rudder
sail
oar
flag
anchor
sailor
drowned
map
boatman
fisherman
afloat
swimnwng
cargo
steersman
cable
fleet (of ships)
compass
engineer (of the
steamer)
daffat el markab
qil'a, pin. qulu'a
muqdaf, pin. maqadif
bandeyrah
mersah
marakbi
gharaq
khartah
marakbi
silyyad, plu. sayyadin
'ayim
'om
wasqat, hamulah
domangi
ghomanah, habl
dunanmah, plu. dunanmat
ibrat
usta el wabur
yacht
yaht
float of paddle-wheel
muqdaf tara
dockj/ard
tarsanah
Nile-barge
(dahabieb
Nile house-boat
qanga
broker
samsar, ])ln. samasrah
brokerage
samsarah
pilot
kalawuz
small boat
felukkah
16.
Travelling.
Voyage
journey
safar
railway-station
mahattah
steamboat
wabiir
captain
kabtan, ra^is
sailor
marakbi, bahri
custom-house
gumruk
key
muftah, plu. mafatlt
arrival
wusul
27
EnKlish.
railway
train
luggage
bag
interpreter
return ticket
bill
receipt
office
guard's vaa
coachman
pillow
whip
caravan
saddle (for a donkey)
saddle (for a horse)
strap
passenger-train
goods-train
traveller
travel (to)
carriage
medicine
money
Pound (£1.)
Napoleon (20fr. piece)
Pound (Egyptian)
Pound (Turkish)
When does the train
leave ?
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
sikkat el hadld
qattr
'afsh
kis, i^lu. akyas
terguman, motargim,
pin. motargimln
tazkarah raih wa gai
hesab
wasl, sanad ; pin. wosulat^
sanadat
diwau
dispensa
arbaggi
rnakhaddah, pla. makhuddat
tilah, kurbag
kaflah
barda'ah, plu. barad'ih
sarg, plu. suriig
seyr
qatr rukkab
qatr el buda'ab
musafir, pin. musafrin
safar
'arableh, plu. 'arablyat
dauwa, jtlu. adwiya
fulus
giney [guinea) iuglizi
bintu
giney masri
giney magldi
el qatr yisafir imta ?
Paper
blotting paper
sheet (of paper)
quire (ditto)
pen
ink
17. Writing.
waraq
waraq nashshaf
farkh waraq
faridat waraq
qalam, plu. aqlam
hibr
^28
Knslish.
AuABic— I'bonetic Prouunciatioii>
inkstand
dawayah
penknife
matwah, plu. matawi
pencil
qalam rusas
sealing-wax (red)
sham'a ahmar
letter
gawab or maktiib ; ^'Z». gawa-
bat, makatib
date
tarikh
signature
imda
post-stamp
waraq danighah
manuscript
nuskhah, kitab khatt
write (to) (copy)
katab, imp. iktib
writing (s)
kitabah
written
maktiib
book
kitab, plu. kutub
index (of a book)
fahrasah
seal (to)
khatam, imp. ikhtim
sign the letter
imdi el gawab
post
bosta
post-ofiice
bosta, diwan el bosta
postmaster
wakil el bosta
he registered the
letter (at the post-
■huwa saggar el gawab
office)
envelope
zarf
dictionary
qamiis
when does the post
imta tisafir el bosta ?
leave ?
18. Shooting Imf
dements and Fishing Tackle.
Knife
sikkin, plu. sakakin
pocket-knife
matwah, jdu. matawi
hammer
qadum, shakush
file
mabrad, jjZw. mabarid
nail
mismar, jdu. masamir
nail (to)
sammar, imp. sammar
axe
fas
saw
minshar, 2^^"' manashir
grindstone
misann
gun
bunduqieh
gunpowder
barud
29
English.
Ababic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
shot (a shot fired)
darbali
net
sbabakah, jila. shibak, or
shabakat
fish-hook
sinnarah
basket
mishannah
box
sanduk, jilu. sanadik
shooting
darb al barud
sport
seyd
at one shot
bi-darbah, or bi-nishan wahid
padlock
qafl, plu. aqfal
tobacco-pipe
shibuk, pht. shubukat
pistol
tabangah, />Z». tabangat
19. Time and Seasons.
Year
month
week
two weeks
day
hour
half-an-hour
minute
season
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
the months of the year
Lunar months
Coptic months
time
to-morrow morning
how many weeks ^
day-time
mid-day
every day
after to-morrow
to-day
to-morrow
scnah, jdu. senin
shahr, ]ilu. ushhur
gum'aah, plu. gum'ailt
gum'ateyn
yom, ijIu. eyyam
sa'ah, i)la. sa'at
nuss sa'ah
deqiqah, idu. daqayiq
fasl or a wan, ylu. fosiil
rabl'a
seyf
kharif
shita
shuliur es senah
shuhiir 'arabiya
shuhiir qibtlya
waqt
bukra fi subh
kam guma'ah ?
nahar
ed duhr
kuU yom
b'ad bukra
en-nab ar-dch
bukra
80
English,
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation
January*
yenair
February
febrair
March
marss
April
abrll
May
mayeh
June
yunia
July
yulia
August
aghostos
September
sebtember
October
oktober
November
nofember
December
dezember
Sunday
yom el had
Monday
yom el etnin
Tuesday
yom et telat
Wednesday
yom el arb'a
Thursday
yom el lihamis
Friday
yom el gum'a
Saturday, or Sabbath
yom es sabt
birthday
maulid
holiday
batalah, 'eyd, fantasleh
Christmas
'eyd el mllad
Easter
'eyd el qiyamah
dawn
fagr
morning [ing
subh or sabah
early in the morn-
badri fi subh
evening
maghrib
this evening
el leylah deh or eleylahdeh
in the evening
fil maghrib
noon
duhr
forenoon
qabl ed duhr
aftei'noou
el 'asr, b'ad ed duhr
night
leyl, jAu. layal
midnight
uuss el-leyl
yesterday
embareht
yesterday morning
embareh fi subh
yesterday evening
embareh el maghrib
the day before yester-
tluwel embfireh
day j
♦ Tlie Eg}-ptiaus formerly employed the Coptic (ancient Egyptian) names
of the solar months. The European names, as Riven above, are in Reneral
use now, concurrently with the Coptic, which are retained for agricultural
purposes.
■^The h ia ft ha, bat pronounced Jilip h»y
31
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation
three days ago
auwel auwel embareh
daily
yomi
last year
es-senah illi fatet
year before last
qabl senateyn
twenty years old (son
ibn 'ashrin senah
of twenty years)
day time
naliar
full moon
badr
Leap-year
senah kabis
20. Countries and Nations.
Country
nation
native country
state
Europe
European
England
English
American
Arabia
Arabian
Arabs (nomads)
Beduin
Syria
F ranee
French
Russia
Russian
China
Greek
Greek
Greece
Turkey
Turkirih [Khedive
His Highness the
His Highness (Oul-
Egypt_ [Lord)
Egyptian
beled, phi. bilad
ommah
watan
mamlakah, ]jIu. mamalik
aurobba
aurobbi, ferangi
bilad el-ingillz
ingilizi
amerikani
hegaz
'arabi
'arab
bedawi, j^lu. bedwan, 'arab,
'orban
esh-sham
fransa
fransawi
bilad el moskof
mosk6wi
bilad es sin
rumi
yunani
bilad er rum, yimdn
bilad et turk
turki
el khed^ywi
effendlna
berr masr
masri
32
English.
AnkBic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
Lower Egypt
beheyrah
Upper Egypt
es-sa'id
Persia
bilad el agam
Persian
agami
Cairo
masr mahrtisah
Old Cairo
masr 'atiqah
The districts of Cairo
atman masr
Constantinople
istambiil
Alexandria
iskendirieh
Suez Canal
el kanal
Suez
es sues
Ismailieh
el isma 'illeh
Arishe
el 'arlsh
Kosseir
el quseyr
Damietta
dumyat
Rosetta
rashid
Suakin
sawakin
The Nile (River)
en nil
Foreigner
egnebi, gharib ; plu
khawagah
ghuraba,
21.
Numbers.
Numbers
a 'dad
one
wahed
two
etnin
three
talatah
four
arba'ah
five
khamsah
six
sittah
seven
sab'ah
eight
temaniah
nine
tis'ah
ten
'ashrah
eleven
liadasher
twelve
etnasher
thirteen
talattasher
fourteen
arb'atfisher
iifteen
kharaastashcr
sixteen
sittashcr
seventeen
sab'atasher
33
English.
Ababic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
eighteen
temantasher
nineteen
tis'atasher
twenty
'ashrln
twenty-one
wahed wa 'ashrln
twenty-two
itnln wa 'ashrin
thirty
telatln
forty
arba'In
fifty
khamsin
sixty
sittin
seventy
sab'in
eighty
temanln
ninety
tis'In
a hundred
miyah (sometimes before a voicel.
101
miyah wa wahed [mit)
110
miyah wa 'ashrah
200
miteyn
300
tultemlyah
400
rub'amiyah
500
khumsemlyah
600
sittemlyah
700
sub'amiyah
800
tumnemlyab
900
tis'amiyah
937
tis'amiyah sab'a wa tehitin
a thousand
elf
1,015
elf wa khamastasher
2,000
elfeyn
10,000
'ashrat elaf
30,000
telatin elf
100,000
mit elf
a miUion
milyun
22. Collec
tive Numbers, etc.
Pair
goz, plu. agwaz
dozen, packet
dastah -
once
marrah wahidah, nobah
twice
marrateyn [waJ^idah
single
fard, wahed
double
migwiz
first
auwal
second
tani
Egyptian S.-T.
D
34
English.
ARABIC— Phonetic Pronunciation.
thrice
telat marrat
four times
arba' marrat
five times
khams (khamas) marrat
a half
nuss, nusf
a third
tult
a fourth
rub'a
three-fourths
nuss wa rub'a
a fifth
khums
an eighth
tumn
23. Colours.
White
m. abiad, /. beyda
black
w. iswad, /. soda
brown
m. asmar, /. samara
blue
VI. azraq, /. zerqa
sky colour
samawi
red
m. ahmar, /. hamara
green
m. akhdar, /. khadara
greenish
khadrawi, yiddi al khadar
yellow
m. asfar, /. safara
grey
azraq {also blue)
yellowish
missfirr
to make yellow
saffar
violet
m. banafsig
indigo
m. nilah
25.
Adverbs, &c.
Above, upstairs
foq
after
ba'd
afterwards, then
badeyn
always
dai^man, tamalli
at first
auwalan
because
'ala shan, li-an
before
qodam
behind
wara
by force
bil ghassb, bil gabr
down
taht
easily
bi-rahah, bi-sohulah
enough
kifayah, bass, bi-ziadah
entirely
bilkulllyah
falsely
bi-zur
35
English.
Arabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
far olf
ba'id
gratis, for nothing
ballash
lirst
auwel
iiere
hena
liome, liouse
beyt
in, there is
fi
inside
guwa
instead of
badal, gheyr
justly
bil haqq
last
akhir
lastly, at last
akhiran
late
wakhri, mot^akhar
long
tawll
near, close, side
ganb
never
abadan
no
la
not yet, still
lissa
not-at-all
mottldqan
now
delwaqt
often, many times
miraran, murrat ketir
only, enough
bass
out
outside 1
barra
particularly
khosusan
perhaps
yumkin
quickly, soon, im-
halan
mediately
quickly
bil 'agal, qawam
seldom
fil nadir
slowly
bi-shweysh, 'ala mahl, shu-
so
keda [wayyah
sometimes
ba'd al aliyan
soon
bad shwai
still
bavdu, lissa {not yet)
there
henak
this
deh, da, di
to-day
en-nahar-deh
to-morrow
bukra
to whom ?
li-min ?
too, also, again
kaman
under
tal?t
86
English.
Ababic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
welcome
ahlan wa sahlan or marhabba
when
lamraa
when?
imta ?
whence
mineyn
where ?
feyn?
where from ?
min eyn ? min feyn ?
where to ?
'ala feyn ? lifeyn ?
whom
illi {=ir]tom or which)
whose ?
bit'a min ?
why?
leyh ? 'ala shan eyh ?
yes
aywa, na'am
yesterday
embareh
yet
lissa
Angry
awkward, stupid
bad
beautiful, elegant
better
bitter
blind
broad
civil
clean
clever
cold
cool
dark
dear
dear (expensive)
deceitful
deep
delightful
difficult
dirty
dry
eldest (oldest)
empty
false
25. Adjectives.
za'alan
ghashim
battal
gamil, latif
ahsau
murr
a'ama
arid
m'aruf or sahib adab
nadlf
shatir
bard
barid
atmah
aziz, habib
ghali
ghashash
ghawit, wati
yifrih, mufrih
sa'ab
wisekh
nashif
bakri
farigh, kh&li
keddab (kidb, a lie)
87
English.
Arabic.— Phonetic Ptonimciatlon.
fat
samin
filthy
wehesh
fine
gamll
flat
mastu, mebattat
full
malyan
glad
farhan
good
tayyib
great
azim
happy
sa'ld
hard (not soft), dry
nashif
hard (severe or cruel)
qasi
healthy
sallm, sagh sallm, bis-saha
heavy
teqll
high
'all
ill (sick) [less)
ayyan
impertinent (shame-
qalll el ha-ya
large
keblr, 'azIm
lazy
keslan
lean
nahif
least
. aqall
less
aqall
light (bright)
niir
light (not heavy)
khaftf
little (small)
soghayyax
long
tawll
loud (high)
'ali
low
wati
mad, foolish
magnun
narrow
dayyiq
near
qarib
new
gedid
nice
kwayls, latlf
old man
aguz
old (ancient)
qadim, antiqa
opened
maftuii
poHte
zarif, latlf
poor
meskin, faqlr ; plu. masakin,
foqara
proud
motakabbir
rich
ghani
ripe
misttiwi
88
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
right (true)
sahlh
round
medauwar
satisfied
mabsiit, sheb'an [satiated)
shady [edge)
muzallil or daffeh
sharp (having a keen
had
sharp words
kalam qasi
sharp (severe)
qasi
short
qussayyar
soft (moist)
tari
sour (acid)
hamed
square
moruba'a
still, quiet
sakit
strong
gam id
stupid (ass)
balid (homar), balawi
sweet
helu
thick
tekliln
thin
rofayy'a, raqlq
tipsy
sakran
tired
ta'aban
tough (dry)
yabis
true
haqlq, sahlh, sadlq
unintelligible
mush mafhum
unlucky
ma lush bakht
useful
nafi'a
warm
hami
weak
dalf
well
tayyib
wet
tari, mablul
wicked
sharlr
wide
wasi'a, or was'a
wild
wise (clever)
worse
worse and worse
wrong (mistaken)
young
younger (smaller)
26.
Afterwards
after it
wehesh, birri
'aqil (shatir)
al'an
al'an wa al'an
ghalat, ghaltan
soghayyar
assghar
Conjunctions
ba'deyn
b'adu
89
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
and
wa
because
li-an, 'alashan
but
lakin, walakin
even
hatta
for
'ala shan
neither
la
nor
wa-la
or
wa-illa, walla
that
in
27.
Prepositions.
Above
foq
after
b'ad
round
hauwaleyn
by
for
b, be, wa
'ala shan
from
min, 'an
in
b, be, li
of
'an
on (upon)
'ala
near
ganb
to
1, le
under
taht
with
b, bi
28. Pronouns.
Singular.
I
1 ana
thou
inta {mas.), inti [fem.)
he, it
huwa
she
hiyah
Plural.
We
ehna
you, ye
they
intuui
hum, huma
Siugnlar. (Suffixes.)
My—
— I
thy—
— ak {mas.), ik {fcm.)
his —
— u
her —
—ha
40
English.
Ababic— Phonetic Prontmclatlon.
Plural.
(Suffixes.)
Our —
— na
your—
— kum
tlieir —
— hum
Myself
nafs-i, or zat-i
thyself
nafs-ak, zat-ak
himself
nafs-u, zat-u
herself
nafsi-ha, zatiha
ourselves
nafsi-na, zatina
yourself
nafs-ak, zat-ak
yourselves
nafsi-kum, zat-kum
themselves
nafsi-hum, zat-hum
Sing
liar.
Mine, oi- my own
bit'a-i
thine, or thy own
bit'a-ak (m.), bita-ik (/.)
his, or his own
bit'a-u
hers, or her own
bit'a-ha
Flu
ral.
Ours, or our own
bit'a-na
yours, or your own
bit'a-kum
theirs, or their own
bit'a-hum
Rela
live.
Who, whom, that,
illi.
which, what
Note. — Illi is the only R(
'lative Pronoun used in conversatio
Arabic.
29. Inl
:errogatives.
Who?
min?
to whom ?
le-mln ?
which ?
'anhu ?
what ?
eyh?
whose ?
bit'a-mm ?
why ?
leyh?
how (are yon) ?
izzay (ak)?
from me
min-ni
from him
min-nu
from you
min-nak
English.
41
Ababic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
30. Yerbs.
To abandon*
,, accept
,, admire
,, agree to
,, allow
,, alter
,, answer
,, appear
,, arrive
,, ask
,, assist
,, avoid
,, awake
,, beat
„ begin
,, believe
,, bind (to tie)
,, bite
,, break
,, bring
„ burn
„ bury
„ buy
,, call
,, catch
,, cliange
,, change money
„ cheat, defraud
,, clean
,, come
,, consult
tarak
qebel, imp. iqbal
ta'aggab
ittafaq 'ala
azan, samah
ghayyar, i7np. ghayyar
gawab
zahar
wasal
sa^al, imp. is^al
sa'ad
igtanab, imp. igtanib
sehi, imp. is-ha
darab, imp. idrab
ibtada, imp. ibtidi
sadaq
rabat, imp. orbot
'add, imp. 'odd
kassar
gab, imp. gib
haraq, imp. ihraq
dafan, iinp. idfin
ishtara, imp. ishtiri
nada, imp. inda
mesek, i?np. imsik
ghayyar
saraf, imp. isrif
ikhtalas
naddaf , imp. naddaf
geh, ga ; imp. ta'ala
shawar, ivip. shawir
»N0TE. — Literally — " He abandoned," third person singular, past
tense, indicative mood. All the verbs in this list are expressed
in same manner, that being regarded in Arabic as the root of the
verb. But the imperatives are mostly added here, as being the
most requisite form. The i^st particiiile is formed by prefixing
ma — , matruk, abandoned.
42
English.
to convey
,, cook
,, count
,, cut
,, deceive
,, deliver
„ deny
,, dream
„ dress
,, drink
„ drive out
,, eat
,, examine
,, excavate
,, excuse
,, explain
,, feed
,, fetch
, find
„ forget
„ get up
„ give
„ go
,, go on foot
,, go on horseback
„ go out
,, govern
,, grease
„ hang (suspend)
,, happen
I have
he has
she has
we have
you have
they have
to hear
„ help
„ hide
,, hire
,, hurry
Ababic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
naqal
tabakh, imp. itbokh
'add, hasab
qat'a, imp. iqt'a
ghashsh
sal lam
ankar, gahad
helem
lebes, imp. ilbis
shereb, imp. ishrab
tarad
akal, imp. kol
fahas
fahat, imp. ifhat
samah
waddah, imp. waddah
wakkal, imp. wakkil
gab, imp. gib
iltaqa, wagad
nessi
qam, imp. qum
'ata, idda ; imp. iddi
rah, imp. ruh
rah mashi
rah rakib
kharag
hakam
dahan
allaq, imp. allaq
hasal, ittafaq
ana 'andi
huwa 'andu
hiyah 'andiha
elina 'andena
intum 'andikum
humma 'andihura
sama'a, imp. istna'a
sa'ad, imp. sa'id
khabba, imp. khabbi
aggar
ist 'agel
43
English.
to jump
„ kill
,, kiss
,, knock
,, know
,, laugh
,, leap
,, learn
,, lend
,, let alone
,, lie down
,, look
,, make
,, meet
,, mend
,, mention
,, obey
,, object
,, oblige (favour)
,, obtain
,, otlend (anger)
,, offer
,, open
,, oppose
,, order
„ pay
,, proceed [word)
,, promise (gave
,, pi*Dnounce
„ pull
,, put
,, read
,, receive
,, remember
,, remind
,, repair
,, repeat [go back)
,, return (come
or
,, return (give back)
,, ride
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
natt, imp. nott
katal, imp. iktil
bas, imp. buss
khabat, imp. ikbbat
a'araf
dchek, imp. idhak
natt, imp. nott
ta'allam, imp. ita'allim
sallaf
khalla, imp. khalli
raqad, itsattah ; imp. orqod,
itsattah ; {deep) nam, num
shaf, imp. sliuf
'anial, imp. 'amil
sadaf
sallali, imp. sallah
zakar, imp. ozkur
tawa'a, imp. taw'i
'iatarad
amal ma'aruf
ta-hassal 'ala
aghdab
qaddam, imp. qaddim
fatah, imp. iftah
qawam
amar
dafa, imp. idf a
taqaddam
wa'ad (idda qol)
lafaz, imp. olfoz
shadd, garr ; imp. shidd, gurr
hatt, imp. hott
qara, imp. iqra
istalam, imp. istilim
tazakkar, imp. itzakkar
zakkar, fakkar
sallah, 'ammar
kerrar
rag'a, imp. irg'a
ragg'a, imp.^ ragg'a
rekeb, imp. irkab
44
English.
Ababic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
to rise
qam, imp. qum
,, rub
da'ak, imjj. ida'ak
,, run
geri, imp. igri
,, run away
harab, imp. ihrab
„ say
qal, imp. qui
„ see
shaf, imp. shuf
,, seize
mesek, imp. imsek
,, sell
ba'a
,, select
intakhab, akbtar ; imp. in-
takhib, ikhtar
,, send
ba,at, imp. ib,at
,, send back
ragg'a, imp. ragg'a
,. set
halt, wada ; imp. liott, uda
,, shoot
asstad, darab bundoqieh,
darab rusasah (bullet)
„ show
warra
,, smell
shamm, imp. shimm
,, smoke (tobacco)
sharab dokhan, imp. ishrab
dokhan
„ speak
takallam,
imp. itkallim
„ spoil
khassar, talaf, atlaf
„ stand
weqef, imp. uqaf
„ starve
mat min el gu'a, mat bil gu'a
» stay
fedel, isstanna
,, steal
saraq, imp. issraq
„ study
ta'allam
,, suffer
tahammal
„ suggest
ashar
,, swallow
bala, imp. ibla
,, swear
helef, imp. il;lif
,, swim
'am, imp. 'um
,, take
akhad, imp. khud
,, taste
zaq, imp. zuq
,, teach
'allam, imp. 'allim
,, tear
sharmat, imp. sharmai
„ tell
qal, imp. qui
,, thank
shakar, imp. oshkor
,, think
zann, iftakar
,, throw away
raraa, imp. ermi
,, translate
targam, imp. targim
45
English.
Ababio. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
to travel
safar
„ tread
dilss, imp. doss
,, turn (round)
dauwar, imp. dauwar
,, understand
fehem
,, upset
qalab, imp. iqlib
,, use
ist'amal, imp. ist'amil
„ wait
istanna, imp. istanna
„ walk
mcshi, imp. imshi
„ want
ah tag
„ warm
sakhkhan, daffa; imp. sakh-
khan, daffi
,, warn
nassah, imp. insah
,, wash
ghasal, imp. ighsil
,, watch
ghaffar, harass ; imp, oghfor,
ohross
„ water (horses)
saqa
„ wet
ball, imp. bill
„ whip
darab, imp. iddrab
„ whisper
washw^ash, imp. washwish
„ win
ghalab
„ wipe
nasshef, masah; imp. nasshif,
imsah
„ wish
arad
,, work
ishtaghal, imp. ishtaghal
„ wound
garah
,, worship
'abad, imp. 'ibid
„ wrap
laff, imp. liff
„ write
katab, imp. iktib
,, yield one's-self up
salara
31.
The Government Ministries and
Administrations.
Department of the \
Household off
H.H.the Khedive)
Finance
Foreign Office
Interior
Justice
Pubhc Works
ed da.irah el khassa
el malleh
el khargieh
ed dakhlieh
el haqqanleh
el ashgal el 'umumleh
46
English.
Public Instruction
War Office
Tublic Health De-
partment
Police Department
Prison Department
Department of the]
Suppression of>
Slavery )
Office of the Inspec- \
tor - General of >
Irrigation )
Railway Administra-
tion
Nile Steamers Service
Public Debt Office
Customs Department
Coast Guard Service
Post Administration
Postal Service
Native Courts
Court of First In-
stance
Court of Appeal
Quarantine Board
Municipal Council
32. '
Private
bugler ; drummer
farrier
trumpeter
lance-corporal
corporal
sergeant
sergeant-major
quarter-master ser-
geant
adjutant-major
chief clerk
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
el ma'arif el \unumleli
el harbieh, diwan el gehadieh
maslahat es siha el 'umu-
mieh
maslahat el bolls
maslahat es sugun
maslahat man'a tigaret er
raqlq or qalam el raqlq
taftlsh 'umiim er ra^i
maslahat es sikkat el hadid
maslahat waburat en nil
sandiiq ed deyn el 'umiimi
idarat 'umum el gamarik
maslahat ghafar es sawahil
idarat 'umum el bosta
barid
el mahakim el ahlieh
el mahkamat el ibtidaleh
(mahkamat auwel daragah)
mahkamat el ist'Inaf
maslahat es siha el bahrleh
wal karantlnat
el komisyon el baladi
Military Titles.
nafar
burugi ; tabbal, trombetgi
beytar
trombetgi, burugi
wakil onbashi
onbashi
shaweysh
bash shaweysh
buluk amln
saghkolaghasi
bash katib
Mostly Turkish.
47
English.
Ababio.— Phonetic Pronunciation.
warrant ofBcer
sol
sub-lieutenant
mulazim tani
lieutenant
mulazim auwel
captain
major
lieutenant-colonel
colonel
yuzbashi
binbashi
qaimaqam
miralai
brigadier-general
lewa
lieutenant-general
farik
field-marshal
mushlr
doctor 1
surgeon j
hakim, ;jiu. hukama
paymaster (treasurer]
adjutant
commanding officer }
commandant i
chief-of-the-staff
field-officer
general officer
staff-officer
brigade-major
commander-in -chief
His Excellency (ad-
dress of a field-
marshal)
Your Excellency
khiznidar, sarraf
mo'awin, jj^u. mo'awnin
hukumdar, komandan
ra^is arkan el harb
zabit 'azlm
zabit karim
zabit arkan el harb
arkan harb el lewa
sirdar
dauUtlu
sa 'adetkum
33. "^Naval and Military Terms.
Together with useful Words for all Banks.
agazah
meheymat
tabriah
amir el bahr
ilarey
taqaddam
bashdar
gema'ah muteqaddamah
nuqtah muteqaddamah
nuqtat el kabsah
hazir ol
Absence (leave of)
accoutrements
acquittal
admiral
advance
advance (to)
advanced guard
party
,, post
alarm post
alert
* Including some Turkish words of command, &c.
48
English.
Aeabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
ambulance .
shefakhanah
ammunition
gabakhanah, zakhlrah
ammunition poucli
kaffah
ammunition wagon
'arablet el gabakhanah
anchor
mirsah
anchorage
marsa
armistice
matarakah, hudnah
armourer
tufekgi [pronounce tufenkshi)
arms
aslilia
army
geysh, 'askar
army-corps
firkah
army order
'amr 'askari
arrow
nibl, sahm
arsenal
tubkhanah
artillery
tubgleh
as you were I
yarina !
attack
hugum, mukagamah
,, , form for
huguma (teshkil ol)
,, , false
huglim kazib
,, , flank
hugum 'ala el gamb
,, , front
hugum 'ala el muwagahah
,, , 1st line of
auwel khatt el hugum
,, , 2nd line of
tani khatt el hugum
attention !
zinhar 1
axle
qotb
backsight
nishangah
badges
'alamat er rutab
baud
muslkah
barrack
qishlaq
base
asas
battalion
orta, pin. orat
battery (field)
batarieh (maidan)
battle
waq'ah
bayonet
singa {Turldsh sungi)
bayonets, fix
siingey dik
,, unfix
Sim gey inder
belt
qayish, hizam
binoculars
nadarah
bit (for horse)
fekk, ligam
bivouac (to)
bayit bidun khiyam
blacking
boyah
bomb
bombah
49
English.
bombard (to)
booty
boot
breadth
breastband
bribe
bridle
brigade
broad
bugle
„ sound
bullet
by the right, left, cen-
camel [tre
camel's riding-saddle
camel for riding
camp
camp kettle
cannon, gun
capture (to)
carriage wheel
cartridge
„ , blank
cavalry
cavalry walk
,, trot
,, , prepare for I
cease fire 1
certificate
certificate of dis-
charge
chain
change of front
,, ,j position
charge, prepare to
charge I
cholera
close
commence firing
company
,, , half
, double
Ababio.— Phonetic Pronunciation.
darab bil bomb
ghanimah
gezmah
'ard
sinaband
bartll, rashwah
ligam, j^iu. algima
lewa
arid
burl
nobah
rusasah
saghda, soldd, wasatda
gamal, plu. gimal ; /". naqa
makhlufah, gabifc
begin
mu'askar^ urdi
qazan
madf'a
asar
'agalah
kartush, fishenk
fishenk (farigh)
suwari, khiyalah
sir el ashkin
sir el gar
sawari karshu dauwaran I
nobet ateshi kas !
shehadah, plu. shehadat, or
raftieh [tazkarah
silsilah, plu. salasil, zingir
taghyir el ittigah, tabdll baiya
taghyir el wad'a, tabdil yeri
hugiima hazir ol
hugiim !
kolera
yaklasheyn
bashlana atesh
buluk
yarim buluk
buluk muzdawicr
Egyptian S.-T.
50
Enclish.
Arabic. — Phonetic Pronuuciation.
cloak
colours of a regiment
column
,, of building
column, close
,, , double
„ , half
,, , line of — s
,, , mass of — s
,, of divisions
,, of route
,, of sub-divi-
visions
,, , quarter
combatant
„ , non-
command
,, , words of
commissariat
compasses
cook
court-martial
,, ,, , district j
,, ,, , general i
,, ,, , proceed- 1
ings of|
,, ,, , regimen-
tal I
,, ,, , summary'
court of inquiry
confined to barracks
conduct
connecting file
countersign
courage
crew
crupper
cut (wound)
dagger
decision
defaulter
'abayah, kabud
beyraq
orda, kol
'amud, plu. 'imdan
kol mutaqarib
shift kol
yarim kol
tabur kolali
magmu'a kolat
sinfja kol
kol es seyr
tobja kol
dar-kol
muharib
gheyr muharib
hukumdarleh
nida
kism et t'ayinat
bargal, ibrat
tabbakh
meglis 'askari
„ ,, markdzi
M M £13/11
igra^at el meglis el 'askari
meglis 'askari alayi
„ „ waqti
meglis et tahqiq
mahguz bil qishlaq
soluk, maslii
khabardar
parolah
garaah
nautleh
kafal
garli, 2^lu. goruh
khangar, j)lu. khanagir
qarar
muznib mahfjuz
51
English.
defaulter's book
defaulter's drill
defence
defile
deployment
depot
deserter
detached file
detachment
diarrhoea
diary, journal
discipline
disembarkation
dismiss (to, from
service) j
,, (off parade)
dismount !
division
dockyard
don't move !
double march I
dress
drill
,, , aiming
,, order
,, , position
,, , preliminary
,, , setting-up
driver [mals
driver of pack ani-
drum ; — (big)
drunk
duties
duty (on)
dysentery
ease, march at
,, , stand at
eclielon
embarkation
encampment
enemy
Ababio. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
daftar ez zunub
ta'alim el muznibin
mudaf'a
darband
fath
asas
harib, harban
qatar munfasil
sariyah
is-hal, lln
daftar yomleh
zabt wa rabt
nuzul min el markab
raft
'amal dastur
yerra in 1
firqah
tersanah
ma taharraksh I
ziada sora'atteh marsh
hizaya
ta'alim
,, sibiyeh
haiat et ta'alim
ta'alim el qiyam
ta'alim ibtida-i
ta'alim talyin el 'ada
'arb^gi
tarras •
trombeytah ; tablah
sakran
wagibat
nobetji {pronounce nobatshi)
dusuntarleh
yolga
yarinda safa
tadrig
nuzul fil bahr
mu'askar
dushman, 'adu
52
English.
Ababio.— Phonetic Pronunciation.
engagement
engineer
enlistment
entrenchment
equipment
escort
examination
exercise, bayonet
,, , firing
,, , manual
,, , review
,, , rifle
,, , shelter-
trench
expedition (military)
extend
fall in 1
farrier
fatigue
„ party
field-day
,, -exercises
,, -glass
field-gun
field-hospital
field officer
file
,, , blank
,, , connecting
,, , even
,, , leading
,, , odd
„ , in single
fire
firel
flag
flank
flaak, directing
,, , inner
„ . left
., , outer
qital
muhandis
iktitab
dirwah
meheymat
haras
imtihan
sungi ta'allm
atesh ta'allm
silah isti'amali
maharan sungi ta'alim
ta'allm el bunduqieh
ta'allm *amal ed dir^Yah wal
khandaq
safarieh
nobet achileyn
sagha bak I {Turkish, look to
beytar [your right !)
tulbah
tulbah
yom maidan
ta'alimat 'askarieh
naddarah maidan
madf a urdi, maidan
taljanaqqali,isbitalia maidan
zabit 'azim
qatar
qatar farigh
khabardar
qatar shift
qatar am ami
qatar fardi
farddn fardto, bir-eyr bir-eyr
nar
atesh 1
sanjak, beyraq, 'alam
gamb, ganib
gamb samt et tawaggah
el gamb ed dakhil
el gauib esh shemal
el gamb el kharig
58
English.
flank, reverse
,, , right
flanker
fleet
foot-soldier
forage
foresight (gun)
„ . (rifle)
formation
fort, fortress
fortify (to)
fortress wall
forward 1
form fours !
from the right, left,
centre
front
front form I
front rank
funeral
furlough
gaiters
gallop
garrison
general (.?.)
girdle
girth
glove
government
governor
grave (s.)
great- coat
groom (brush a horse)
groups, form
guard, escort
,, (of soldiers)
,, (advanced)
„ (rear)
guard turn in
„ turn out
gun (musket)
Aeabio. — Phonetic Prontmciatioli.
el gamb el mun 'akis
el gamb el mun 'akis
ganbdar
dunanmah
'askari
'allq
zlh
dibbanah
tashkil
tabiya, qal'ah, husii
istahkam
siir el qal'ah
li qodam !
durdeyr !
saghdan, soldan, wasatdan
qodam
tabra !
es saff el auwel
ginnazah
rukhset ghiyab, agazah
tuzluq
ramah, durtna'l
hamiyeh
basha
hizam
hizam, sherlhah
aldiwan
hukumah
hakim, mihafi
kabr, torbah
kabbud
timar
gem'atcha (ol)
haras
ghafar
bashdar
dimdar
karakol dastiir
karakol sitah
bunduqieh
54
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation,
gun-carnage
gunner
gun -powder
half- column
,, company
,, section (cavalry)
halt!
halt at noon (to)
halt for the night (to)
halter
hay (chopped straw)
head -quarters
helmet
horse
,, (a brown)
,, (a dark grey)
horse-brush
,, cloth
horse's hoof
,, mane
,, shoe
,, tail
hospital
hut
imprisonment
incline !
independent firing
infantry
,, , mounted
inspection parade
instructor
insubordination
Intelligence Depart-
ment
interval
intoxicated
intrench (to)
in which direction ?
in what strength ?
ironclad
judge
gundaq, 'arablyet el madf'a
tubgi
barud
yarim kol
sinf
yarim sinf
oqaf! durl
gayyel (Ar.)
bayyet (Ar.)
rashm
diris (tibn)
el markaz, el komandanleh
tasah
hosan, pZu. kheyl
hosan asmar
hosan singabi
forshah timar
futah timar
hafir
ma'arafa
na'al
deyl
isbitalia
zimlik
habs
ma,ilan 1
nobet atesh
biyadah
biyadah rakibah
tabur teftlsh
ta'allmgi
'adam el inqiyad
qalam el mukhabarat
fasil
sakran
istahkam
ila eyn ?
bi kam min 'asakir ?
merkab hadid
qadi
56
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
killed
makttil
knapsack
ladder
garabandleh
sillim
lance, spear
lantern
mizraq, harbah
fanus, pin. faw;1nis
lanyard
lashing
habl el kabsul
filasah
latrine
adabkhanah
lay down your arms !
leave of absence
left
lie down
lino
,, of columns
,, ,, com mun i
cations
„ ,, fire
,, ,, operations
,, ,, retreat
,, ,, sight
main-body
mancEuvre
map
march I
marksman
marquee tent
military police
,, service
mine
mortar [rear
move a little to the
move forward !
musketry
,, instruction
muster
mutiny
muzzle (of a gun)
nose-bag
occupy (to)
officer
officer's undress
irmi silahak !
agazah, izn
sola
nam {Ar.), yat {Tiir.)
tabtir, hiza
alaya kola
khatt el muwasilah
ittigah er rami
khatt el harak '
khatt er rugu'a
khatt en nazer
asas
mun aura
khartah
marsh !
nashcingi
markuwis
bolls 'askari
'askarleh
lughum
hawun
ta^akhar shuwayah li wara
imshi ! yallah 1
darb en nar
ta'allm darb en nar
ta'adad
'asayan
fumm
mikhlat 'allq, mikhlah
ihtall
zabit, plu. zubat
libs yomi
56
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Prouuuciation.
ophthalmia
order (command)
order arms
orderly (on duty)
outpost
outworks
pace [tion
packet of ammuni-
parade ; — , to
parapet
pass
patrol
pay, salary
peace
picket
pistol
plan
pontoon
post
prepare to mount
„ to dismount
present arms
,, (in firing)
prison [room)
prisoner (in guard -
,, of war
promotion
punishment
quarters
quick march
,, „ ) double
quickly! (with wheels)
quinine
range
„ finder
rank (in army)
,, (line of men)
rank and file
rank — front, rear
rations
ready
ram ad
'amr, jila. 'awamir
rah at dor
nobetji {pronounce nobatshi)
karakol-kharigi
istahkamat amamleh
khatAvah, jdu. khatawi
dasta, pin. asdas
tabur ; istaff tabtir
khatt en-nar
tazkarat moriir
tof
mahiyah
sulh
karakol
tabangah, ferd
masqat
ma' bar
nuqtah
bin meya hazir ol
yerra in hazir ol
sahim dor
nishan
sign, liabs
malibus
asir
tarqieh
giza
qishlaq
sora'atleh marsh
ziada sora'atleh marsh
bil'agal !
kinin
masafah, si'at er rami
tillmetr
rutbah
saff
an far es saff
es saff el auwel, tani
girayah, t'ayin, t'aylnat
doldor
57
Endish.
Aeabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
ready (in firing)
rear
rear form !
reconnaissance
recruit
redoubt
regiment
regulations
reinforcement
reins
relief (change)
report
reserves
retire (to)
retire 1
retreat (to)
rifle
rifleman
rifling
rise !
rush I
sack
saddle (camel)
„ (for a horse)
saddler
salute
sapper
scouts
section
semaphore
sentry
shell
ship-of-war
shot (cannon ball)
sight of a gun
signal ; signaller
„ party
skirmish (to)
skirmisher
slowly !
small shot
hader (Ar.)
giria
„ tabra
istikshaf
'askari mustegidd
hisn, tabiyah
alai
qawanin
taqwia (Ar.)
surii'a, i)Ih. asr'a
ghiyar
taqrir
ihliyatia
ta^akhar
giria !
takahkar
bunduqieh
sheshkhiineli
sheshkha)iali
qum (Ar.) ; kalk {Tar.)
igri (Ar.)
kis
ghabit, makhlufah, iddali
serg, plu. snvug
seriigi
salam
baltaggi
kashafa
sinf, plu. asnaf
samafor
dideban, ghafir, plu. ghufanx
danah
markab harb
gullah
kumhah
isharah ; isharagi
gema'at el isharah
tasharkhag
sharkbaggi
'ala mahlak !
rush
58
English.
Arabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
snaffle
soldier
spur
spy
squadron
square
stable
staff (military)
stall
stirrup
support
surrender (to)
,, upon terms (to)
sword
target
tattoo
telescope
tent
tent-peg
theft i
to the right j
to the left !
to the rear i
transfer '
transport [redoubt
trenches, rampart,
troops
„ (regular)
,, (reserve)
trot
trumpet
tunic
undress (daily dress)
uniform
valise
vedette
veterinary surgeon
victory
volley firing
walk (at a horse's)
kantarmah
gindi, ^jZh. ganadi, 'askari
mahmuz, phi. mahmiz
gasus, basas
orta sawari
qal 'ah
isstabl, pla. isstablat
arkan liarb
akhur
rikab, pin. rikabat
imdad
sallam, imp. sallim
sallam bi-shurut
seyf
tdkhtah
nobet tamam
durbin, nadarah
kheymah, pla. khiyam
watad, pill, autad
serlqah
ila el yamln
ila esh shimal
Ila el khalf
intiqal
liamlah
mitras
'asakir
nizam
redif
el gar
buri
sitrah
el libs el yomi
kiswah
garabandleh sawari
dideban sawari
hakim beytari
zafar, intisar
tabur atesh
ashkin
5g
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
war
harb
water-bottle
zamzamleh
wheel, right — left
saghyana — solyana — katar
wheeling
dauaran
wing, left — right
sol-kol— sagh-kol
wounded
magruh, mabtuh
wound in the head
bath
(contusion)
35. Commercial and Trading Terms.
Bale
balah
bank
bank
basalt
hagar iswad
buy (to)
ishtara
calico
baftah, shash
capital
ras el-mal
chips (rough stone)
dabsh
counting-house
maktab
credit (on)
shukuk
debt
deyn
flint
sowan
granite
hagar sowan
gravel
haswah
leather
gild
letter of exchange
hawalah, kambialah
limestone
hagar abiad, or hagar gir
linen
quttan
loan
sulfah
loss
khasarah
merchant
tagir
mud
tin
package
fardah
pay to —
daf'a — , wafa —
per cent.
bil miyah
profit
fayidah, maksab
sand
rami
sandstone
hagar ramleh
sell (to)
ba'a
silk
harir
weight
wazn, tuql
wool
suf
60
35. Religious Words for Missionary Worker^.
English.
Arabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
Jesus Christ
yasu'a cl masih
life
Lay at
death
mot
right (justice)
haqq
wrong (mistake)
ghalat
praise
hamd
spirit
ruh
heaven
sama
peace
salam
heart
qalb .
mind
'aql
love
mall abb ah
faith
emam
believe
aman
prayer (pray)
sala (salla)
iiope
raja
whosoever
min
give
iddl
receive
qabal
everlasting
abadi
lost (lose)
mafqud
died
mat
substitute
nayib
instead of
bedel 'an
blood
dam
forgiveness
simati
forgive
samah
sins
khataya
trust
tiqa
enter in
dakhal
salvation
khalas
holy spirit
er ruh el quds
holiness
qadasah
obey
t'au
clean
nadlf
thoughts
afkar
words
kalimat
seek (ask for)
otlob
gladness
inbisat
61
THE GRAMMAR OF ARABIC,
Remarks.
Arabic is a very rich language with numerous synonyms,
so much so that it has been described by a wag as a
language in which every word has its own meaning and
exactly the opposite, and a third meaning of some kind
of camel. Fortunately for the common needs of life,
Arabic-speaking people are content with an ordinary
vocabulary, and even the educated reserve the richness
of their mother-tongue for special occasions. The appal-
ling thirteen forms of the verb of grammarians dwindle
in practice to the intransitive, transitive, and an impersonal
form, with occasionally a passive form, and prepositions
are considered sufficient without the inflection of the
various cases. Again, the student has the building-up of
a vocabulary made more easy for him, by fairly consistent
changes which are made in the roots to express various
ideas.
THE VERB.
The root form is that of the 3rd person singular of the
past tense of the verb.
From this is formed most regularly a word which
means the place or time of performing the action indicated
by the root form.
Thus, katab (he wrote) makes malctab (the place of
writing, i.e., the office). Khazan (he treasured up) makes
makhzan (the place of storing, hence our "magazine").
Sam (he fasted) makes mdusim (the time of fasting, hence
our word "monsoon"). Rakab (he rode) makes merkeb
(a ship). Sharab (he drank) makes mashrab (the drinking-
place), used in the form of mashrablch, the lattice-work
62
round native windows. Shorhah (properly s7joriat), a drink
(Eng. "sherbet"), is another derivative from this root.*
The past participle of a verb is also regularly formed,
and can be used like an adjective.
Thus, from hatab, he wrote, maktuh, written.
,, s/ia//rtZ, he worked, masJu/Jnll, hu.sy.
„ fatah, he opened, maftuh, opened.
,, /(?//cm, he understood, ?»(if/7(;()n, understood.
The intransitive verb is made transitive by doubling the
medial letter ; thus, shaglial, he worked ; shaglujlial, he
made to work.
The impersonal form is constantly used as it is in
French, and is formed by prefixing the sound of yit.
Yitfdteh, it is opened (compare 11 s'oiivre in French);
yitijlusil, it is washed.
Auxiliary Verbs.
One is not troubled in Egyptian with many moods and
tenses. One tense — the present — serves also for the future;
the past tense is uniformly constructed from the root, and
the auxiliary verbs to have and to he are represented by one
form of auxiliary, which is here given and is typical of the
inflections of all verbs : —
PRESENT OR FUTURE.
ana aJa'in, I will be or become ehna nekfm, we, &c.
(German werde)
inta tekun, thou, &c. intuvi tekilnu, you, &c.
huiva yekun, he, &c. humma yeki'mu, they, &c
PAST.
ana kunt, 1 was or became. ehna kunna, we, &c.
inta kunt, intum kuntu,
huiva kdn, humma kdnu.
* It is interesting to note the number of Arabic words that have been
Imported into the Enf,'lish lansuaKe, besides the above and tlie well-linown
forms generally besiiiniiig witli al or el, alchemy, almanac, alembic, elixir,
algebra — the last from an Arab mathematician with tlie appellation of Al
Gebbar, the giant. Thus, many less distinctive words are found, such as
admiral, arsenal, to drub, to booze, glioul, zany, 'popivjay, bug (not in-
digenous to England). The introduction of these into our language is
probably due to the Crusaders. The soldiers of later days are responsible
for a great many Hindustani words in current use in our colloquial lan-
guage, such as to crab (military term from Arabic root kharab), club,
punch, bobbery. So long I and numerous others.
68
There is no verb corresponding to / am. It is omitted.
Thus, ana mabsilt, I am contented; hnica faqlr, he is poor.
I have, etc., is formed with the preposition 'and (near)
and the personal pronouns, as
'andi, I have. 'andena, we have.
'andak, thou hast. 'andekam, you have.
'andii, he has. 'andeJnun, they have.
I had is kdn 'audi, (there was near me) ; and similarly
for the other persons.
General Formation of Tenses.
An ordinary verb — katab, he wrote — is here given, and
all the verbs are formed similarly : —
katab, he wrote, kdtib, writing, maktub, written.
PRESENT OR FUTURE.
ana aktib, I write 07' will write, ehna niktib,
inta tiktib, intiim tiktibu,
hinva yiktib, hiunma yiktibu.
PAST.
ana katdbt, I wrote. ehna katdbna,
inta katdbt, intum katdbtu,
hnwa katab, humma katabu.
IMPERFECT.
ana hint aktib, I was writing. elina kunna niktib,
inta kunt tiktib, intum kuntu tiktihu,
Iiuwa kdn yiktib, humma kdnu yiktibu.
PLUPERFECT.
ana kunt katdbt, I had written. ehna kunna katdbna,
inta kunt katdbt, intum kuntu katdbtu,
huwa kdn katab, humma kdnu katabu.
Nearly all imperatives are formed uniformly, as Iktib —
Write! Imsik— Take hold ofl 7ms/«— Walk! or Go I
I/tali— Open ! From masak, mdshi, fatah.
A form to express present action, to distinguish the
present from the future, is often used, the present being
given the prefix bi. Thus,
ana baktib, I am writing (now),
inta bitiktib, huwa biyikt'tb, &c.
64
The verbs call for no further remark beyond the fact
that there is a feminine form of the 3rd person sing.,
present and past tense. Thus, "she writes," Idya tiktib
instead of yiktib; "she wrote," hlya katabet instead of
katab; similarly, "she was," kdn e t mstesid oi kan. Col-
lective nouns also take this feminine singular form; as
El gemdl tdkal, the camels eat.
THE PRONOUN.
Except when governing the verb or as the subject of a
sentence, the forms of personal pronouns a7ia, inta, huwa,
&c., are not used, but another form as in 'andi, I have,
quoted above; similarly, tahti, under me, ganbi, by my
side.
To express possession the word bit'a, belonging to, is
used. Thus,
bit'ai, mine, biVaak, thine, bit'a-ii, his,
bit'ana, ours, bWakum, yours, bWahum, theirs.
But, unless it is intended to lay stress on the possessive,
this word is generally replaced by the suffix. Thus,
milki, my property ; wishak, your face; riglu, his leg, &c.
The dative form of the personal pronoun is made with
the prefix I : —
li, to me, lak, to thee, lu, to him,
lena, to us, lakum, to you, lalium, to them.
FORMATION OF PLURALS.
The regular form of plural is made by the addition of
■In to masculine words and -at to feminine. The feminine
word generally ends in a (see p. 10) and is transcribed
as ah when it is a simple noun and leh when a derivative
noun. It therefore causes little difficulty, and being
feminine in accordance with previously conceived ideas
on the subject, one is not troubled with unreasonable
genders. As a set-off to this, the plurals of nouns disport
themselves under so many guises that the above rule of
adding -In and -at is chiefly of use in the formation of
the plurals of adjectives and of feminine derivative nouns.
The plurals of nouns* ring the following kinds of changes^
* And of some adjectives.
65
and each must be learnt as an exception. For instance :
Sing. Plur. Sing. Plur.
shibdk, a window, sliebablk. futah, a towel, foivdt.
gebel, a mountain, gebdl. heytah, a wall, heytdn.
merkeb, a ship, merdkib. walad, a boy, duldd.
- beyt, a house, beyilt. hakim, & doctor, hukam a.
The dual form is obtained by adding -eijn ; thus, rdgil,
a man ; rdgileyri tdyyibeyn, two good men.
THE DEFINITE ARTICLE.
The definite article el, the, is repeated with a qualifying
adjective. Thus el geysh el keblr, the large army. It has no
feminine or plural form. Before certain letters el suffers
elision and duplicates the initial letter of the following
word. Thus, en ndr, the fire ; esh shems, the sun.
THE NEQATIVE.
The negative is peculiar. *' Not " is viush, compounded
of ma, not, and shey, a thing, and can be separated like
ne pas in French.
Thus, "I know" is ana'arej; "I don't know," ana
ma'arefsh or manish ""aref, or simply mush 'aref.*
THE ADJECTIVE.
Comparative and Superlative.
The forms are regular, and as follows: —
Jiasan, good (beautiful) ; ahsan, better ; el ahsan, the best.
shdter, clever; ashter, cleverer; el ashter, the cleverest.
ketlr, many (much) ; aktir, more ; el aktir, most
(classical, el aksir, hence " elixir").
keblr, great ; akbar, greater ; el akbar, greatest.
e.g., Alldhu 'I akbar ! God is the greatest 1
Genders.
The feminine of adjectives is formed by adding the
letter hey.
Thus, the feminine form of the above words becomes
hasanah, shdtirah, ketlrah, &c.
* In the Sudan the form is ma b'aref, and is more correct Arabic.
Egyptian S.-T. F
66
The adjectives of colour are peculiar ; e.g.,
ahiad, white; (fern.) bey da.
dhmar, red ; (fern.) liamara (hence Alhambra).
A list of these is given on page 34.
POLITE DICTION.
It is not impolite, as in most European languages, to
use the 2nd person singular ; but it is usual in speaking
to equals to use the word hdderet, presence. Thus, instead
of inta, thou, and Imwa, he, one says politely hddretak,
hddretu. It is not necessary when the expression used is
in itself polite ; as, Min fadlak, Please ! Kattar khei/rak,
Thank you 1 Alldh yehfdzak, God keep you ! Nehdrak
ia,%d, Good morning I Leyltak sa'ldah, Good evening !
If the person addressed is of much higher rank, the
word sa'adetak or sa'adetkum should be used, and pro-
nounced sa'ddtak, sa'ddtkum.
It is well to be familiar with the expressions by which
God is invoked. Thus, Allah! is often "used during a
pause in conversation ; Bkviillah ! In the name of God I
(on starting work or a journey) ; Insha, Allah I Please God I
(used constantly for per/m^js) ; Masha, Allah! an expression
of surprise or admiration (in the latter case with the
intention of avoiding the evil eye). Yallah ! By God I
(used always for " Go on ! " " Let us proceed ! " &c.).*
On entering a room or house, one is addressed with the
words Marhabba! (Welcome !) or more cordially with Ahlan
wa sdhlan! (Make yourself at home !).
As a rule, the expression Saldm 'aleykum ! (Peace be
upon you !) is reserved by Mohammedans for Mohamme-
dans, but if used to a Christian or other should be
answered by 'Aleykum es saldm ! (On you be peace 1).
Politeness requires that on all occasions of making an
offer of a seat, cigarette, coffee, &c., the word Itfdddal (Be
gracious) must be used as a preliminary.
♦ WalUih I is a form of oath for " By Godl "
67
CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES AND
SENTENCES.
Useful and Necessary Expressions.
English.
Aeabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
At last !
allow me
are you hungry?
be careful, open your
eyes
begone
out with you 1
by all means
certamly
come back
come here
come in
do you hear ?
do you know ?
excuse me
forgive me
from here
good-bye
go away
go on
give me
how many times ?
holloa there ! oh you !
immediately (in this
time)
impossible !
in front of
in future (afterwards)
it means {i.e.)
make haste
many thanks
akhlran !
ismah li
inta ga'an
ifta^ 'eynak
imshi
itl'a barra
'ala kulli lial
la budd, m'alum, na'am
irg'a
ta'ala hena
idkhol, hush
inta sam'a?
inta arif, or ta'araf v
samili ni, or ma ta'akhiznish
min hena
m'a es-salamah
ruh min hena
imshi
iddl-ni, a'atl-ni
kam marrah ?
ya inta I
fil waqt, halan
ma yumkinsh !
qodam
fil qabil (ba'adeyn)
ya'ani
qawam, bil 'agal
barakat warsin
68
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
never mind
no
take care 1
tell me
thanks
tliank you
that's another thing
the sooner the better
(to-day, before to-mor-
to the rear 1 [row)
very bad
very much
very nice
very often (much)
very well
what ?
what is this for ?
what is this ?
who is there?
who is this ?
why ?
yes
ma'aleysh
la
'oal
qul-li
shokr
allah yahfdrZ-ak
deh shey tani
en nahar deh qabl bukra
li wara
radi, bil liamm
ketir qawi
kwayls khalis
ketir
tfiyyib, 'azim
eysh huwa ? or eysh deh ?
'ala ey deh ?
deh ey deh ?
min henak ?
da min deh ?
ley?
na'am, aywa
Simple and Practical Phrases.
Alas 1
any news ?
are you in a hurry ?
as you like (to your
pleasure)
bring a liglat here
bring me
bring me a chair
call the servant
come back
do not annoy me
do not forget
don't tell him
do you think ?
do you understand?
do as you please, )
please yourself J
akhkh !
fi khabar ?
inta mista'agil ?
'ala keyfak
hat nur hena?
gib li, hat-li
hat kiirsi
inda el khaddam
erg'a
ma tiza'alnlsh
ma tinsHsh
ma taqul-lush
inta teftekr? or inta tezunn?
inta fahim ? or fahemt ?
bi khatirak
69
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
get up
give him
give him a second one,
give me [one'
give me a different
give me a little of
go back [this
go more slowly
go more quickly
good evening
good morning to you !
he appealed (against
the judgment of a
Court of Justice)
he is a liar
he is drunk
he is under my
orders (hand)
he is very angry
he is ill [himself
he learned Arabic by
he told me
hold your tongue,
(shut up) (end)
how do you do ?
how many ?
how many piastres ?
how much ?
how much do you
sell this (it) for?
how must we go
to ?
I am astonished
I am going
I am not able
I cannot (it is not
possible for me to)
I assure you
I have not
I am angry with you
I am cold
qum
iddih; iddl-lu
iddlh (or iddl-lu) tani
iddl-ni ; a'atini
iddl-ni wa^iid gheyr-u
iddl-ni shuwayah min deh
erg 'a
imshi bishweysh
imshi bil 'agal
leylt-ak sa'idah
sabah el-kheyr 1 07' neharak
istanaf [sa'ld
huwa kaddab
huwa sakran
huwa ta^it 'eydi
huwa zaalan ketir
huwa 'ayyan
t'allam el 'arabi wahid-u bi-
huwa qal-ni [nafs-u
oskut (ikhlas)
salamat ? or ez-zeykum ?
kam ? or qad eyh ?
kam qirsh ?
kam?
tibi'a deh bikam ?
'anhu et tarlq ila ?
ana m.ota'aggib
ana raih
ma aqdersh
ma yumkinnlsh
ana a'akid lak
ma 'andlsh
ana za'alan wayyak
ana bardan
70
Eugllsh.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
I am hungry
I am not hungry
I am tired [to it
I am not accustomed
I am wrong
I cannot
I do not care
I do not know
I do not speak the
Arabic language
I cannot learn Arabic
if you speak English
I have no appetite
I have no passport
I live at —
I never saw him
I want
I want to buy
I will not (am not
if you please [willing)
is everything ready ?
it is not necessary
it is your fault
it is not my fault
I am mistaken
it is raining hard
it is too late
it is very hot
keep to the right
knock at the door
lend me
let me help you
light the candle
light the tire
lock the door
make haste
my words have made
no impression on
him (he did not
hear my word)
oh ! how dirty yon are
ana ga'an
ana mush ga'an
ana t'aaban
ana ma llsh 'adah flh
el haqq 'aleya
ma aqdarsh
ana ma 'ala ball
ma 'arafsh
ma atkallimsh el loghah el
'arabieh
ma aqdarsh at'alim 'arabi iza
kan inta tetkallim bilingellz
ma llsh nafs
ma 'andlsh tazkarah
ana sakin ti —
ma shuftush abadan
ana 'awiz (or 'auz, or 'ayiz)
ana 'awiz ishtiri
ana mush radi
min fadlak
kuU shey hader ?
mush lazim
el-haqq 'aleyk
ana ma 'andish 'eyb
ana ghaltan [("shame ")
yetmattar qawi
wakhri ketir
harr ketir
khallik 'ala yiminak
iklibat el bab
salllf-ni
khalll-ni 'annak
walla esh shama'a
walla en-nar
iqfil al bab bilkeylun
bil-'agal
kalami ma sama'usb
ya 1 ma-inta wisekh
71
English.
Ababic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
open the door
permit me
ring the bell
shut the door
sit down, please
speak plainly
speak the truth !
take care ! no lies !
take it
tell him [straight)
tell the truth (it
thank you
that's enough I
there is no harm
they are all alike
this annoys me very
wait here [much
wait until he comes
walk slowly
we will eat
what are you doing ?
what did he say ?
what does it con-
tain ?
what do you say ?
what do you want ?
what have you got ?
what is that ? [ence ?
what is the differ-
what is the matter ?
what is the news ?
what is this ?
what is to be done ?
what is your name ?
what is your opinion?
what makes you
angry ?
what o'clock is it ?
what pay does he get?
iftah el bab
ismali-li, or Izin-li
rinn el gavas,
doqq el garas
iqfil el bab,
radd el bilb
itfaddal oq'od
itkallam bil'ali
qui bil liaqq !
ihtazar ! ma takdibsh I
khud-u
qul-lu
qui doghri
kattar kheyrak
bass I 01- bi-ziadah
ma fish darar
kullohum zey ba'ad
deh yiza'alni ketir
istanna hena
istanna lihdd ma yeygi
imshi 'ala mahlak
'auzin nakul
bit'amil eyh ?
qal eyh ?
fib eyh ?
bitqul eyh ?
'auz eyh ?
eyh 'andak?
eyh deh ?
el fark eyh ?
el khabar eyh ?
el khabar eyh ?
eysh huwa ?
el 'amal eyh?
ismak eyh ?
takhminak eyh ?
inta za'alan leyh ?
es sa'ah kam ?
mahlyat-u kam?
72
English.
Akabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
what shall I do ?
where are you ?
where are you going?
where do you live ?
where is he now ?
which house is yours?
which horse will you
ride?
will you allow me ?
will you oblige me ?
will you take this ?
who told you ?
you must go now
you are late
you are right (the
truth is in your
hands)
ana a'mil izzay ?
inta feyn ?
inta raih feyn ?
inta sakin feyn ?
huwa feyn dilwaqti
anhi beyt bit'aak ?
anhu hosan tirkab ?
tismah li ?
'amil ma'artif ?
takhod deh ?
min qal lak ?
lazim teruh dilwaqt
inta ta.akhart
el haqq bi eydak
Directions to Workmen.
Bring a hoe
bring a basket
bring rope
dig here
take from before you
take from behind you
make it wider
deeper yet
go down deeper
go down to water
go down to native
earth
go thus
take care of it
leave it complete
turn it over
do not break the
Dricks
are there mud bricks
or burnt bricks ?
hat turieli (u) ; hat fas (l) *'
hat ghalaq (muqtaf)
hat habl
ifhat hena
imsek min qodam
imsek min wara
'amal-u was'a ziadah
ghawit lissa
inzel wati lissa
inzel lil moyyah
inzel lil 'ard sahih
mashi keda
bishweysh min deh {lit.,
khalllh salim [slowly with it)
iqlib-u
ma tiksar-ush et tub
fi tub nai au tub ahmar ?
♦ See p. 13.
73
English.
work, oh boy 1
pull ; push
turn it
come and measure
the work
but measure it
how much are the
wages ?
the work is by the day
,, ,, measure
this is very tough
I cannot lift it up
it is needful to have
more men
ornament (-ed)
inscription (inscribed)
mound of ruins
potsherds
cemetery
grave
Akabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
ishtaghal ya walad
shidd or shil [carry)
dauwar-u
ta'ala qls esh-shoghl
m'teqis-u
el ograh kam ?
esh shoghl bil yom
,, ,, bil qias
deh yabis khalas
ma aqdarsh ashil-u
lazim nas ziadah
rasm (mersum)
kitabah (maktub)
kom, or tell
shuqf
gabbanah
turbah, pin. turab
Travel Talk.— Arrival.
I want a boat
this is not big enough
for us
no 1 it will not do
can you take our
luggage with you?
certainly, sir [porter
I will bring you a
he can carry the lot by
himself; he is strong
he has a cart, too
there is first the cus-
tom-house exami-
nation [carriage
we will go in the
'auz wahed felukkah
deh mush keblr bil kifayah
'ala shan-na
la ! ma yenf'ash
teqdar takhod el 'afsh bit'a-
na wayyak?
ommal ya sidi* !
agib lak wahed shayyal
yeqdar yeshll kullu bi nafs-u;
huwa gad'af [karro
'andu kaman wahed 'arableh
auwalan fi taftlsh el gumruk
ehna neruh fil 'arableh
* Ommal corresponds to "Katherl I should thinli so."
t Gad'a (lit., brave). Used politely when calling out to any man,
especially in the streets, to make way.
74
English.
you must come with
us [fare is
tell me how much the
how much is the fare
to the station?
each person four
piastres [much ?
and the porter, how
he is entitled to ask
two piastres, and
is asking for baq-
shish because it is
hot and the lug-
gage is heavy
is the luggage correct?
eleven pieces
you left one in the
steamer
you must send the
porter to enquire
about it
there 1 [by God] I
quite forgot it, sir
[0 my master]
thank goodness ! —
someone is bring-
ing it now
Aeabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
lazim inta teygi wayya-na
qul-li el ograh bi kam
bi kam el ograh lil mahattah?
kul shakhs arb'aa qurush
wa'sh shayyal, kam ?
haqq-u [Ids right] qirsh-
eyn, wa huwa biyet-
lob baqshish 'ala shan
harr ketir wa'l 'afsh
teqil
el 'afsh tamam ?
had'ashra hittah*
inta fut wahedah fil wabur
lazim tirsel esh-shayyal yis.al
'an-u
w'allah ! ana neslt-u khalas
ya sidi
el hamdu I'illah 1 fi had
biyeglb-u dilwaqti
The Railway.
Is the station far?
no ; a quarter of an
hour's distance only
whendoesthetraingo?
in half-an-hour
anyhow, it will not
start before the
mails come [then
we need not hurry
el mahattah ba'id ?
la ; masafah rob'a s'aah bas3
el wabur yesafir imta?
b'ad \after'] nuss sa'ah
'ala kulli hal ma yesafirsb
qabli ma teygi el bosta
mush lazim nist'agil baqa
* Hittah (sing.). Beyond ten the singular is always p-ed.
75
English.
Aeabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
please go and get
the tickets
I want four first-class
there is a ticket short
never mind ! I will
bring you another
and the money ; is it
right ?
one piastre is bad
[by the life of your
father] I swear it
is good [only old
you are right, it is
1 would like to ask
the interpreter
there is no need to
I will ascertain from
him, all the same
the luggage goes with-
out extra charge
no I I have paid 15
piastres ; here's
the receipt [journey
I wish you a good
you are travellers
how long have you
been in Egypt ?
we arrived only to-
day [Cairo ?
are you going to
we shall stay there
four days waiting
for the steamer
it is not enough ;
you require 2 or
3 weeks at least
our intention is to
see everything be-
fore we go back to
England
min fadlak ruh wa gib et
tazakir [ula
'auz arb'aa mehellat daragah
fi tazkarah naqes
m'aleysh 1 agib lak kaman
wiihedah
w'al filus, tamam? [comjdete]
wahed qirsh batal
wa hayat abuk 1 huwa tayyib
lak haqq, huwa qadmi bass
ana biddi is,al et terguman
ma fish lezum
ana istdfhem min-u bardu
el 'afsh yertih ballash
la ana dof 'aat khamast'ashrah
qirsh ; ah6 el wasl
[safety)
m'a es salamah I (lit. with
hadretkum musafirin
baqa lakum kam yom fi berr
Masr?
wasalna en nehar deb bass
intum rayhin fi Masr ?
noqod henak arb'at eyyam,
mustannin el wabur
ma yekfish ; lazim aqall
guma'ateyn telatah
qasdena neshuf kullu qabli
ma nirg'a fil bilad el
inc:eliz
76
English.
good ; perhaps I
shall see you when
you return from
Upper Egypt
please God !
An
Wake me early in
the morning
we are going to see the
Pyramids to-morrow
do you want me to get
the donkeys ready?
perhaps we shall go
in a carriage, but
anyhow we shall
take food with us
yes, sii- ; everything
will be all right
you must take the
necessaries for tea
the teapot, the spirit,
matches and every-
thing must be
wrapped in paper
I have wrapped up
everything and put
it into the basket
we can buy oranges
and melons on the
way [the wine
good ; do not forget
we want to go up the
Pyramids
just as you wish, sir
it is not difficult, but
it tires one
I will bring two men
to go up with you
this is not necessary
Arabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
kway-is ; insha,allah ashuf-
kum lamma tirga'u min es
Sa'id
insha,allah I
Excursion.
salii-ni badri es subh
elina rayliin neshuf el ahram
bukra
hadretak 'auz in-ni aliaddar
el hemir?
yumkin neruli fi 'arableh,
walakin 'ala kulli hal
nakhod akl wayya-na
hadir ya sidi, kulli shey
yibqa tamam
lazim takhod el ashya el
lowazimah li shai
el abriq, es sbirlt, kabrit, wa
lazim kullu yitlaff fi waraq
ana laffeyt kullu wa hotteyt-u
fil qafas
yumki'nna nishteri bortoqan
wa shammam (or batikh)
wa ehna fi sikkali
tayyib ; ma tinsash en nebid
biddinna nitl'a el ahram
[effendim
zey ma terld (or keyfak),
deh mush sa'ab, walakin
yit'ab el insan {man)
agib ragileyn yitl'au wayya
hadretak
deh mush daruri
77
English.
I am strong and can
go up alone [once
get the tea ready at
the horse is going
lame, and is very
tired
the driver is beating
the horse without
any reason
he knows his business
he is not cruel
another time I will
take someone else
they are all alike
have you made an
account of what
you have spent ?
Ababic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
I have seen the da-
habieh, and it is a
very fine boat
have you brought all
the luggage down ?
have you brought the
vegetables and mut-
ton, fowls and eggs ;
also provisions for
the crew ?
if the wind is not
enough, we must
use the oars [tiful
the weather is beau-
can we land and see
the town after
sunset ?
as you wish, sir;
but the people
here are bad
we are not afraid
ana gamid wa aqdar atl'a bi
nafs-i
haddar esh shai halan
el hosan biy 'urog wa ta'aban
ketir
el arbaggi biyidrab el hosan
bidun sabab
y'araf shoghl-u
huwa mush qasi
tani marrah akhod wahed
gheyr-u
kuUohum zey ba'ad
'atiiilt hisab min el felus
{inoney) illi sardft-u ?
On the Nile.
ana shuft ed dahabieh wa
hiya merkeb 'aal
nazzdlt kul el 'afsh ?
ishtereyt el khodarat wa lahm
dani, wa firakh wa beyd;
wa t'ayyinat lil merakbieh
iza kan el hauwa {or er rih)
mush kafi, lazim nist-
'aamil el maqadlf
el hauwa kway-is
yumkinna ninzel neshuf el
balad deb, b'ad el magh-
reb ?
zey ma terld hadretak, wala-
kin en nas hen«^ batalln
ehna mush khaifin
78
English.
if you walk on this
side of the town,
there is no objec-
tion [boat is !
I wonder where the
there it is, south of
the town, on the
east bank
to-morrow we will go
shooting together
there are pigeons
and quail and some-
times sandgrouse
I want someone to
carry the cartridges
and the basket with
the food
you will keep (walk-
ing) on the right
and lin the middle
quail are always to
be found in the
wheat
you keep behind me
and be silent [for it
I hit it; go and look
I am tired, and it is
very late [luck
we have had good
it is nearly six, and
we are hungry
the Berberines are
good fellows, and
thoroughly acquain-
ted with the river
certainly, they work
hard, and are not
lazy [their pay
they are asking for
it is not due yet
Aeabio.— Phonetic Pronunciation.
iza timshi nahayadeh min el
balad, ma fish ba,_as
el merkeb feyn ya tara !
ah6, qibli min el balad, 'ala
taraf esh sliarqi
bukra neruLi lis-seyd saua
saua
fi hammam wa siman wa
ba'ad el ahyan qatt'a
'auz walied ragil yeshll el
fishenk wa'l qafas bil akl
tekun inta mashi 'ala el
yeniln wa ana fil wust
es siman tamdlli maugudin
fi'l qam^i
khallik wara-ni wa oskot
ana sibt-u ; ruh dauwar 'aleyh
ana t'aaban wa wakhri ketir
bakhtena (our luck) tayyib
sa'ah sitteh taqriban wa ehna
ga'anin
el Barabra nas (people)
tayyibin wa 'arifin el bahr
bil kullieh
ma'alum, yishtaghalu giddan
wa mush kaslanin
[bit'a^thum
humma talibin el mahiyah
lissa mush wafa
79
English.
that is true, but they
want to buy things
for the fantasia
if this is the case
there is no objec-
tion
they are very pleased;
and I too would
like to serve you
all my life
perhaps we will go
together another
time
please God I will go
south with your
excellency next
year
will you give me a
testimonial, please?
God keep you !
good-bye I
Ababic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
sahlh, walakin bidduhum
yishteru hagat lil fantasieh
fi baza el l.ial, ma fish
man'a
humma mabsutin khalas ;
wa ana kaman 'auz
akhdam hadretak till
'umr-i
yumkin neruh saua saua
marrah taniah
insha,allah aruh qibli wayya
jenabak es senah illi gay ah
tiddi-ni shehadah min fadlak?
alldih yaljfazak
m'a es salamah
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
Weight.
144 dirhem make 1 rotl or pound = -99 lb. av. English.
400 dirhem ,, 1 oqqa = 2'75 ,, ,,
100 rotl „ Ikantar =99*05 „ ,,
Length.
1 pik (the principal measure) _op.Q •
for cloth and silk) j "~ ' "
I qasab =11 ft. 7-7G in. ,,
Surface.
400 square qasah make 1 feddan,
or acre ... ... ... =1 acre 6 rods ,,
Capacity.
24 ri(6'a make 1 rtrc/e/j ... =5'44 bushels ,,
N.B.— The metric system is commonly used lor weight and length.
80
EGYPTIAN MONEY.
Egyptian Value. Systematic Name.
1 MilUeme
10 Millihnes 1 Piastre or Qirsh
English "Valujb.
= id.
= 2id.
ARABIC NAME.
Egyptian
Monet. '
English
Money.
American
Money.
Piastres.
Mill'mes.
£
s.
d.
Dels.
Cents
Gold Coins,
Giney Masri (the )
Egyptian pound) j
Nuss Giney
100
50
1000
500
1
0
10
6
3
5
2
50
Silver Coins.
Hiydl Masri ...
20
200
—
4
1
1
—
Niiss lliyal
10
100
—
•2
.3
5
—
50
Hub' a Riydl ...
Qirsheyn
Qirsh (Piastre)
5
2
1
50
20
10
—
1
6
2i
—
25
5
5
Nickel Coins.
Nuss Qirsh
2 Milliemes
TO
5
2
—
—
1
—
2
1
1 MilUeme
1
TO
1
—
—
1
—
i
There are Copper pieces of | and \ MilUeme
{2-Para and 1-Para pieces); these are used only by
the very poor.
Note. — English tourists are recommended to have their
credit notes cashed in English Gold. The following
are valued as under : —
The English Sovereign (£1)
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Chinese Self-Taught (Tbinim's System) in Chinese and Roman
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Travellers' Practical Manual of Conversation.
No. 2 (Marlborough's) English, French, German and DUTCH,
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Fourth Edition. 1914. Crown 8vo., 80 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0
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ENGLISH.
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English Commercial Correspondence for Home and Abroad, by
Wm. CHEVOB-MAURICE A.I.L., London. Containing
Commercial Phrases and Letters with lutroductory Notes and
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L'Aiiglais sans Maitre (English Self-Taught for the FRENCH),
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Der Englische Dolmetscher (English Self-Taught for GERMANS),
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Toujours Pret, by Toreau de MARNEY the Ideographic French
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Travellers' Practical Manual of Conversation.
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German Self-Taught (Thimm's System). Entirely new and enlarged
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German Grammar Self-Taught, by W. E. WEBER, m.a.
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German Self-Taught & Grammar with I^y. By W. E. "WEBER,
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Traveller's Practical Manual of Conversation.
No. 1 (Marlborough's) English, French, GERMAN,* Italian,
in one book. Containing Travel Notes (Customs, Cycling, Motoring,
&c.). Tables of Money, Pronunciation, Classified Conversations,
subjects arranged alphabetically. The Numerals, Weights and
Measures, Washing List, Dictionary of Words in daily use.
Fourth Edition, 1914. Crown 12mo., 152 pp., red wrapper,
round corners ... ... ... ... ... •■• ••• ■•• 1/0
Do. do., green cloth, round corners ... ... ... ... 1/6
Do. do., leather, with tuck-in flap, round corners 2/6
Traveller's Practical Manual of Conversation.
No. 2 (uniform with No. 1). English, French, GERMAN, and
Dutch. Second Edition, 1914. Crown 12mo., 152 pp., brown
wrapper ... ... ... ... ... ..- ■• .. .•• 1/0
Do. do., cloth 1/6
Do. do., leather tuck in flap, round corners 2/6
" Will meet every need of every traveller; but this little book, which
is compact in form and can easily be carried in a jacket pocket, should
be a valuable companion to many whose love oi European travel is
greater than their knowledge of European languages."— 'iVie Field.
" This book is indispensable to all travellers, especially those visiting
HoUand."— r?i<? Steamship.
"There are a very large number of plain and practical everyday
questions, which are used in daily conversations which are not found
in many guides. — Boekespreking.
London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.G.
14 GERMAN (eontd.). GREEK {Modern).
Net
MARLBOROUGH'S SERIES OF GERMAN CLASSICS.
Egmont. [Kgmont, a Tragedy.] by GOETHE. With English Notes
by 0. von Woguern. 2nd Edition. E'cajj. 8vo., cloth ... ... 1/6
" These plays can be used for Class-Heading. The notes are historical,
grammatical, and exi)lanatory."
Die Jungfrau von Orleans [The Maid of Orleans.], by Friedrich
von SCHILLER. With English Notes by Mathias Meissner.
2nd. Edition. F'cap. 8vo., cloth ... ... ... ... ... 1/8
Collection of celebrated Tales and Novels by German Authors.
Das Friiulcin von Scuderi, by G. T. A. HOFFMANN
Erzablung aus dem Zeitalter Ludwig's des Vierzehnten.
2nd Edition. P'cap 8vo., cloth ... ... ... ... ... 1/0
Der Hauskrieg, by Gottfried KINKEL Eine Geschichte vom
Niederrhein. 2nd Edition. 12mo., cloth ... ... ... ... 1/0
Der todte Gast, by Heinrich ZSCHOKKE. Novelle. 2ndEdition.
P'cap. 8vo., cloth .... 1/0
"This selection has met with great success. The idea has been to
choose only such as are in themselves excellent and entertaiiiiug."
— Preface.
Fabeln [Fables in prose and verse.] , by LESSING.
Witli English ISotes by A. E. Hill. F'cap. 8vo., cloth 1/0
" Of a classic simplicity. Text-book for Government Examinations."
The following GERMAN PLAYS are specially adapted for School Reading,
and may be easily acted. With English Notes by A. E. HILL.
Der Blumenkranz. Der Eierdieb, by Christolph von SCHMID.
12uio., paper wrapper ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9d.
Die Erdbeeren und Der kleine Kaminfeger, by Christolph von
SCHMID 12mo., paper wrapper 9d.
Emma, oder die kindliche Liebe, by Christolph von SCHMID.
12mo., paper wrapper ... ... ... .. ... 9d.
Greek (Modern) Self-Taught (Thimm's System. In Greek
and itoiuan Cliaracters). By Nicolaos Ai\ ASTASSi OU,
Bacheiicr dplimie du CuJiege Grec de lialki. With
Pnrases and L'lalogues ; Elementary Grammar; Commercial,
Tradii.g, Arcbajological and Keliyious Terms; Travel Talk;
Phoiogiapliy ; Amusements; Tables of Money with English
London: E. MARLbOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, t.C.
GREEK {Modern) (dontd.) HINDUSTANL 15
Net
and American values and illuetration of Greak Coinage;
Weights and Treasures. Third Edition. 1916.
Crown 8vo., 120 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0
Do. do., red cloth 2/6
"Greek (Mo'lern) Self -Taught The book gives the words of the purist
as well as of the popular sneech. The latter will he very serviceable
for travellers in Greece. The former we recoininend to candidates for
Smails.— O/-/0/T?. Ma(jazine.
"The vocabularies and dialogues are exactly what the beginner needs,
and those who've class cal Greek is gettin-i a little rusty will find this
little voluMie delightfully fresh and interesting, recalli'ig a tiieat deal
that tliey had nearly forgotten. Krp rtn Cre /«. We have tried it our-
selves and can heartily recomiuend it.— The Preibiiter^an.
Modern Greek Grammar, by VLACHOS. (See page 23).
HINDUSTANI.
Hindustani Self-Taught, by Capt. C. A. THIMM in Homan
characters. Hindustani Text Revised by Professor J. F. Blum-
hardt, m.a., m.ii.a.s., Professor of Hindustani at the London
University. With English Piionetic Pronunciation. Containing
Vocabularies; Conversations; Colloquial and Idiomatic Phrases ;
Travel Talk; Naval, Military, Legal, Judicial, Religious. Com-
mercial, Shooting and Pishing Terms ; Indian Titles, Castes and
Servants: Tables of Money, Weights and Measures, &c.
Fifth Edition. 1915. Crovyn 8vo., 112pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0
Do. do., red cloth 2/6
" It is sufficient to sav that this clear and concise little work on Hindu-
stani is we 1 up to the high standard of those which have preceded it . . .
the book should proveof the greatest value."— 2Vie Statenmaii, Calcutta.
Hindustani Grammar Self-Taught, by Capt. C. A. THIMM.
Revised _ by . SHAMS'UL 'ULAMA SAYYID 'ALI
BILGRAMI, M.A. Cnntnh., ll.b., Afsoc. k.s.m. London, m.r.a.s.
Containing: I. A Simplified Grammar, Alphabet, Rules of
Grammar, and Parts of Speech, &c. II. Exercises and Examin-
ation Papers, Reading Lessons, with Translations. III. The
Vernacular, Hindiistani Penmanship, Phrases, Extracts from
Classical (Urdu) Authors. IV. Key and Dictionary of Words, &c.
Third Edition. 1916. Crown 8vo., 120 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0
Do. do., red cloth 2/6
"The essential points and rules of Hindfistani Grammar are admirably
shown in a concise and simple form."— Madras Mail.
Hindustani Self-Taught and Grammar (in one volume). Crown
8vo., 282 p.p., red cloth 5/0
London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.G.
16 HUNGARIAN. ITALIAN.
HUNGARIAN. Net
Hungarian Self-Taught (Tliimm's System) by the COUNT de
bOISSONS. With Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing The
Alphabet, Preliminary Notes', Vocabularies, Elementary Grammar,
l*.tunology, ]Modes of Address, Conversational Phrases and
Sentence^", Travel Talk, Commercial and Trading, Legal, lieligious
Terms and Phrases. Cycling, Photography, Amusements, Money
with illustration of Hungarian Coinage and English and American
values, Weights and Pleasures, Postal Rates, &c. 1910.
Crown 8vo., 112 pp., blue wrapper 2/0
Do. do., red cloth 2/6
ITALIAN.
Italian Self-Taught (Tliimm's System). Entirely new and
enlarged edition. Revised by G. DALLA VECCHIA. For
learning the languHge by the Natural Method, with Phonetic
Pronunciation. Contaming Alphabet and ironunoiation, Notes
on Articles, Gender, Accent, &c. ; Classified Vocabularies; Con-
versational Phrases and Sentences; Travel Talk; Commercial,
Trading, Naval and Military Terms, Amusements, I\Iotoring,
Cycling, Photography, Musical Terms, Tables of Money with
English and American Values, Weights and Measures, and
illustration of Italian Coinage. 1911. Crown 8vo., 152 pp.,
blue wrapper ... ... ... ... ... ... ••• ••• 1/0
Do. do., red cloth ... ... ... ... ... ••• 1/6
Italian Grammar Self-Taught. By A. C. PANAGULLI,
Principal of the London Scnool of Italian. Containing Alphabet,
the Diiuble Consonants, Pronunciation, Accent, the Apostrophe,
the Definite Article, Use of the Articles ; the Sub-tantive, Gender ;
the Adjective; Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers; Indefinite
Adjectives and Pronouns; Auxiliary, Regular, and Irregular
Verbs. Synoptical Table of the Three Conjugations. Reading
Lessons. Idiomatic Expressions. Alphabetical Vocabulary. 1916.
Crown 8vo., 101 pp., blue wrapper 1/0
Do. do., cloth 1/6
Key to Exercises. By A. C. PANAGULLI. Crown Bvo.,
32 np., blue wrapper ... ... ... ... •■• ■■• ■■■ 6d.
Italian Self-Taught and Grammar with Key. By G. DALLA
VECCHIA and A. C. PANAGULLI. In one volume.
Crown 8vo., 285 pp., green cloth 3/6
Italian by Home Study. The above set of three books banded
together in blue wrapper 2/6
Italian and English Commercial Correspondence, by E. S.
ROMERO-TODEbCO and W. CHiiVOB MAURICE,
A.I.L., London. Containing Model Phiases, Letters, Enquiries
relating to Goods, Offers of Goods, Orders and their Execution,
London: E. MAKLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.C.
ITALIAN (contd.). JAPANESE, 17
Net
Shipping Correspondence, Agencies, Situations, Financial Credit,
Insurance of Goods. Finance — Market Reports with Phrases.
Announcements. Letters of Introduction. Complaints and
Claims relating to Gocds. Drafts, Inland and Foreign. Com-
mercial Terms and Abbreviations. Tables of ]\Ioney, Weights
and Measures, &c., &c. 191.3.
Demy 8vo., 128 pp., fawn wrapper ... ... ... ... ... 1/0
Do. do., cloth ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1^8
'Tail hardly fail to prove of valne in connpction with commercial
correspondence. "^.S"?itpivt;i(/ Oazette & Lloyds Lint.
Traveller's Practical Manual of Conversation.
No 1 (Marlborough's) English, French, German & ITALIAN,
hi one book. Containing Travel Notes (Customs, Cycling, Motoring,
&c.). Tables of Money, Pronunciation, Classified Conversations,
sui)jects arranged alphabetically. The Numerals, Weights and
Measures, Washing List, Dictionary of Words in daily use.
4th Edition, 1914. Crn. 12mo, 152 pp., round corners, red wrap. 1/0
Do,, do. , green cloth, round corners ... ... ... 1/6
Do., do., leather, round corners, with tuck-in flap ... 2/6
Italian Washing Book, byC. A. THIMM : for Ladies, (gentlemen,
and Families. Counterfoils in English, alphabetically arranged
Demy 8 vo., dark red wrapper ... ... ... .:. ... ... 6d.
3 iliprnie:^^:.
Japanese Self-Taught [Thimm's System In Roman Characters].
byW.J.S. SHAND, late Director, School of Japanese Language
and Literature, London. With English Phonetic Pronunciation.
Containing The Syllabary ; Classified Vocabularies and Conver-
sations; Travelling, Commercial and Trading, Naval, Military
and Religious Terms and Phrases; the Numerals; IMoney
with illustration of Japanese coinage, Weights and Measures,
Postage, &c. Second Edition. 1915. Crown Bvo., 96 pp.,
blue wrapper ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2/0
Do. do., red cloth 2/6
Japanese Grammar Self-Taught, by H. J. WEINTZ in Roman
Characters. Containing : I. Grammar and Syntax, with
Pronunciation, Native Japanese characters, &c. II. Exercises and
Extracts. 1. Exercises for Translation, with Key. 2. Reading
Exercises, with Pronunciation and Translation. 3. Japanese
Extracts, with Key. III. Vocabularies (alphabetical), Japanese-
English and English-Japanese, Money, Weights and Measures.
Second Edition. 1907. Crown 8vo., 184 pp., blue wrapper ... 4/0
— Do. do., red cloth ... ... ... ... ... ... 5/0
"It is luuiinous without being too elaborate ... It is, In fine, the best
bit of scholastic work that we have met with for a very long time." —
Coal and Iron.
Japanese Self-Taught and Grammar, in one volume. Cloth ... 7/6
London; E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.G.
18 LATIN. NORWEGIAN. PERSIAN.
LATIN. Net
Latin Self-Taught (Thimm's System), by J. TOPHAM (Barrister-
at-La\v). For learning the language by the natural method. With
Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing Classified Vocabularies;
Numerals ; Medical. Prescriptional, Dispensing, Legal and
Religious Terms and Phrases ; Quotations, Inscriptions, Mottoes,
Proverbs, etc., etc. Grammar, Construing, Abbreviations(Degrees,
Titles, Distinctions, etc.). Second Edition. 1915. Crn. 8vo,
144 pp., blue wrapper ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1/0
Do. do., red cloth 1/&
" The vocahularies appear to be well assorted, the grammar is concise
and sufficient, and the phra-;e8, oidinary and professional, including
medical, will be found useful. "—'i'/ie Lancet.
Norwegian Self-Taught, by C. A. THIMM. Revised and En-
larged by P. Th. HANSSEN. With Phonetic Pronunciation.
Containing Vocabularies, Elementary Grammar, Conversations,
Phrases and Sentences, Forms of Letters, Commercial, Legal and
Religious Terms, Travel Talk, Motoring, Cycling, Photography,
Fishing, Shooting, Amusements, INEoney with illustration of
Norwegian coinage and English and American values, Weights
and Measures. Fifth Edition. 1912. Crown 8vo., 128 pp.,
blue wrapper ... ... ... . . ... ... ... ... 2/0
Do. do., red cloth 2/6-
"It contains just those words which are likely to prove useful to
a traveller in Norway. The phrases are manv and convenient, and
wherever a Norwegian word is used its pronunciation is given under
a simple system, so that che reader should have no difficulty in pro-
nouncing the word so as to be understood." — The Lancet.
Norwegian Washing Book, byC. A. THIMM : for Ladies, Gentle-
men, and Families. Counterfoils in English, alphabetically
arranged. Demy Bvo., dark red wrapper ... ... ... ... 6d^
I>ERSIi3LN.
Persian Self-Taught, by SHEYKH HASAN. In Roman
Characters], witli English Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing
The Persian Alphabet, Transliteration and Pronunciation;
Outline of Grammar with Persian Characters; Classified Vocabu-
laries and Conversations ; Travel Talk ; Trade and Commerce ;
Post Office and Correspondence; Illustration of the Persian
Coinage; Persian Handwriting; The Numerals, Money with
English and American values. Weights and Measures. 1909.
Crown Bvo., 9G pp., blue wrapper ... ... ... .•• ••• 2/0
- — Do., do., red cloth ... ... ... ... •■• ••• 2,6-
" This is a most welcome addition to the ' Self-Tanght Srrie6.' Those
who flei're to acquire a colloquial and practical knowledge, and to all
such we gladly recommend this very useful little book."— ^Z'/ta Farsi,
B-ymba .
London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.G.
PORTUGUESE. RUSSIAN. SINHALESE. 19
I>ORXXJOUESES. Net
Portuguese Self-Taught (Thimm's System), by E. da CUNHA.
With Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing Vocabularies,
Elementary Grammar, Conversational Phrases and Sentences,
Commercial, Tradnig, Legal, and Religious Terms, Travel Talk,
Cycling, Motoring, Photograpriy, Amusements, Tables of Money,
Weights and Measures, Ac. Skcond Edition. 1912. Crown 8vo.,
120 pp., blue wrapper 2/0
Do. do., red cloth 2/6
Portuguese Washing Book, by E da CUNHA : for Ladies, Gentle-
men & Families. Counterfoils in English. Demy 8vo., wrapper 6d.
Portuguese Grammar, by L. de CABANO (See page 23.)
RUSSIAN.
Russian Self-Taught,by C. A THIMM and J. MARSH ALL, m. a.
In Russian and l-ioman Characters. With English Phonetic
Pronunciation Containing Vocabularies of words in general
use; Elementary Grammar; Colloquial and Idiomatic Phrases;
Travel Talk; Cycling, Photographic, Shooting, Fishing, Naval,
Military, Commercial and Trading Terms and Conversations;
Tables of Money with illustration of Russian coinage and
English and American values, Weiglits and Measures.
Fifth Edition. 1915. Crown 8vo., 134 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0
Do. do., red cloth 2/6
Russian Washing Book, by C. A. THIMM: for Ladies, Gentle-
men & Families. Counterfoils in Engli-sh. Demy Bvo., wrapper 6d
Russian Grammar, by F. ALEXANDROW. (See page 23.)
Russian & English Dialogues, by F. ALEXANDROW cloth ... 2/0
SIISJIHLALESE.
Sinhalese Self-Taught, by Don M. de Zilva WICKREM ASIN-
GHE,M.A.,Epigraphist to tlieCeyion Government. JuSinhalese&
Roman chaiaclers, with the English Phonetic Pronunciation.
Containing the Sinhalese Alphabet, with transliteration and
phonetic signs used; CI i si tied Vocabularies and Conversations;
Outline of Grammar; Terms and Phrases for Travel, Commerce,
Planting, Public Works, Fishing and Shouting, &c.; Numerals,
Money, Weights and Measures, Postal Rates. 1916.
Crown 8vo, 119 pages, blue wrapper ... ... ... ••. 2/0
Do. do., red cloth ^/6
London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.C
20 SPANISH. SWEDISH.
Si^ANISH.
Net
Spanish Self-Taught (Thirnm's System). Entirely now and enlarged
edition, lievised by ANDRES J. R. V. GARCIA (Principal o
the Garcia School of Languages. For learning tlie language by the
Natural l^Iethod, with Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing
Alphabet and Pronunciation, Notes on Articles, Gender, Accent,
&c.. Classified Vocabularies, Conversational Phrases and Sen-
tences, Correspondence, Travel Talk, Commercial, Naval and
I\Iilitary Terms, Amusements, Motoring, Cycling, Photography,
Tables of Moneys with English and American Values, Weights
and Measures. Illustration of Spanish Coinage. Vocabularies
for Canary Islands. 1916. Crown 8vo., 152 pp., blue wrapper I/O
Do. do., red cloth 1/6'
Spanish Grammar Self-Taught, by A. J.R.V. GARCIA. Contain-
ing the -■Alphabet and Pronunciation, Notes on Accent, Punctua-
tion, Capitals, &c., &c.; thirty-five Lessons, consisting of clearly
sta^jd Rules of Grammar, with abundant exemplary Sentences,
Vocabularies, and Exercises in translation into Spanish ; also a
very full, alphabetical, English-Spanish Vocabulary of the words
used in the Exercises. 1917. Crown 8vo. , blue wrapper ... 1/0
Do. do., red cloth 1/6
Key to Spanish Grammar Self-Taught. Crown 8vo, blue wrapper 6d.
Spanish Self-Taught and Grammar with Key. In one volume.
Crown Bvo., green cloth .. ... ... ■•• ••• ••• 3/6
Spanish by Home Study. (Three books, banded together: Spanish
Self-Taught, Grammar, and Key.) Crown Bvo., blue wrapper ... 2/9'
Spanish and English Commercial Correspondence, by D.
SALVO With Phraseology, Alphabetical List of Merchandise,
Commercial Terms, and Tables of Money, Weights and Measures,
for Commercial Institutions and for practical use in the Counting
House Revised and Enlarged Edition. 1909. Demy Bvo.,
fawn wrapper 1/"
Do. do., cloth 1/6-
Spanish Grammar, by D. SALVO (See page 2.3.)
Spanish and English Dialogues (New) by TOLRA y FORNES
and D. BOWMAN, cloth Z/O-
Spanish Washing Book, by C. A. THIMM: for Ladies, Gentle-
men & Families. Counterfoils in English. Demy Bvo., wrapper 6d.
Swedish Self-Taught, by C. A. THIMM & W. F. HARVEY, m.a.
Revised by Carl Cederlof, with English Phonetic Pro-
nunciation. Containing Classified Vocabularies, Colloquial and
Idiomatic Phrases and Conversations; Elementary Grammar
Travel Talk; Cycling Photographic, Shooting, Fishing, Money,
London :E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, EX.
SWEDISH (contd.). TAMIL 21
Net
■with English and American Values and Illustration of Swedish
Coinage ; Weights and Measures
Second Edition. 1908. Crown 8vo., 100 pp., blue wrapper 2/0
Do. do., red cloth 2/6
" A stndent could easily make considerable headway with Swedish,
even in the absence of a living instructor."— r7ie Schoolmaster.
Swedish Grammar, by C. LENSTROM (Seepage 23.)
Swedish and English Dialogues, by C. LENSTROM, cloth ... 2/0
Swedish Washing Book,by C. A. THIMM : for Ladies. Gentle-
men, & Families. Counterfoils in English. Demy 8vo., wrapper 6d.
" A great boon to families and others."— Weldan's Ladies' Journal.
Tamil Self-Taught, by Don M. de Zilva WICKREM ASINGHE,
Epigraphist to the Ceylon Government. In Roman characters,
with English Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing The
Alphabet ; Classified Vocabularies and Conversations ; English-
Tamil Alphabetical Vocabulary; Travelling, Commercial,
Official, Planting, Shooting and Fishing Terms and Phrases ;
Numerals, Money, Weights and Measures.
Second Edition. 1911. Crown 8vo,, 96 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0
Do., do., red cloth ... ... ... •■• ••• ••• 2/6
" For ourselves, we think it a capital little introduction to the study of
the language, which should prove exceedingly useful to planters and
others "—The Ceylon Church Missinnari/ Gleaner.
" We have pleasure in recommending the book to students, officers,
civil servants, traders, travellers, and all others who desire to acquire
an excellent grounding in Tamil."— Ceylon Catholic Mest^enfjer.
Tamil Grammar Self-Taught. by Don M. Zilva de WICKRE-
MASINGHE. In Tamil and Roman Characters. Containing
I. — Grammar and Syntax. Alphabet and Pronunciation. Tamil
Characters Transliteration. Parts of Speech. Rules of Syntax.
II. — Exercises in Tamil and English, with Key. III.— Tamil-
English Vocabulary, Alphabetically arranged. 1906.
Crown 8vo., 120 pp., blue wrapper ... ... ... ... .•• 4/0
^Do. do., red cloth 5/0
"Is a great improvement on any attempt of the kind which has pre-
ceded it, and will without the slightest doubt be found very uselul by
anyone wishing to take up Tamil, either merely for acquiring a col-
loquial and conversational knowledge of it. or with the intention of
entering udou a thorough study of the language and its literature. The
book is miles ahead of anything that has been attempted in this direc-
tion before." — The Times of Ceylon.
Tamil Self-Taught and Grammar. In one volume. Crown 8vo.,
216 pp., red cloth 7/6
" With these two volumes the English student should be able to obtain
a fair mastery of the Tamil language, even without a teacher."— Ce^/ZoJi
Observer.
London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co , PubUshers, 51, Old Bailey, B.C.
24 SELECTED DICTIONARIES.
Selected Dictionaries.
•Dictionaries marl<ed with an asterisk (*) are obtained only to order.
ARABIC.
•BADGER (G. P). English-Arabic Lexicon. Imperial 4to. Net£i/4/
•LANE (E. W.). Arabic-English Lexicon, derived from tlie
best and most copious Eastern sources. Eight vols. Royal 4to.,
cloth. £10. The set offered for Net £4/4
•SALMON E (H. A.). Arabic-English Dictionary, with English
Index. Two vols. Post 8vo., cloth Net 36/0
•STh-INGASS (Dr. F.). Students' Arabic-English Dictionary.
Demy 8vo., cloth 50/0
• Englihh-Arabic Dictionary, in Arabic characters and
transliterated. Demy 8vo., cloth 28/0
•WOR TABET (W. S.) Arabic-English Dictionary(in Arabic and
Roman characters). Royal Bvo., half-bound Net 21/0
BURMESE.
•JUDSON (A.), STEVENSON (R. C). Burmese-English
Dictionary. Royal Svo. Net 27/6
• English Burmese Half-bound Net 27/6
• PHliMNEV (P. D.) and EVELETH (Rev. P. H.).
English- Burmese and Burmese-English Pocket Dic-
tionary. Oblong 8vo., cloth Net 6/0
CHINESE.
•GOODRICH (C). Chinese-English Pocket Dictionary, and
Pekingese Syllabary Small Svo, half-bound Net 7/6
•HILLIER (Sir W.), KC.M.G.,(J.B. English-Chinese Pocket
Dictionary ol Peking, colloquial. Ryl. 16mo., cloth ... Net 16/0
'POLETTI (P ). Chinese and English Dictionary, arranged
according to Radicals and Sub-Radicals Roy. 8vo, iialf-bound Net 20/0
'SOOTHILL (W.E.). Pocket Chinese-English Dictionary, in
Chinese characters ... ... ... ... ... ... Net 8/0
DANISH— NORWEGIAN.
•BRYNILDSEN'S English - Dano - Norwegian Dictionary
Crown Bvo., cloth Net 12/6
'LARSEN'S Danish-Norwegian-Enghsh Net 12/6
•MAGMUSSEN (J). Danish-Norwegian-English. 8vo.,
cloth Net 3/6
' • English-Danish-Norwegian. 8vo. cloth ... Net 3/6
E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., 51, Old Bailey, London, E.G
SELECTED DICTIONARIES. 25
DUTCH.
•BRUGGENCATE (K. Ten.) English-Dutch and Dutch-
Enghsh Dictionary. 2 vols., clolli. Net 13/6
•HOSbh ELD'S English-Dutch and Dutch-English Diction-
ary- l^:mo.,clot}i Net 3/0
•KRAMER (J.L Pocket Dictionary of the English-Dutch and
Dutch-English Langua-e. 16mo. Cloth Net 4/6
QUANJER (Th. a.). English-Dutch and Dutch-English
Pocket Dictionary. 3-2mo., cloth Net 1/6
ENGLISH.
ANNANDALE'S (C.) Concise English Dictionary, Literary,
Scientitic, Etymological aud Pronouncing. F'cap 4to., cloth ... 3/6
BARWICK (G. F.), b.a. and TRUELOVE (E.H.) Pocket Pro-
nouncing Dictionary oi the English Language, wiili copious
Appendices. (" The E. P.O. I'ocket Series.") 32mo., cloth Net 1/0
BLACKIE'S Standard Shilling Dictionary, with numerous
Appendices. Moneys of the World, Weights and Measures, &c.
Crown 8vo., cloth Net 1/4
CASSELL'S English Dictionary, containing upwards of 100,000
Words and Phrases. Crown 8vo., cloth Net 4/0
CHAMBERS' Etymological Dictionary of the English Lan-
guage. Pronouncing, Explanatory. Crown 8vo., 694 payes.
cloth Net 1/3
20th Century Dictionary. Pronouncing, Explanatory,
Etymological. Wiih illustrations, 1,200 pages. Demy 8vo., cloth 3/6
J-bound Net 5/0
English Dictionary (Large Type). 1,302 pages. Imp.
8vo., cloth Net 12/6
J-Morocco Net 18/0
COLLINS* "Graphic" English Dictionary. 1,302 pages, cloth
extra Net 3/6
" Home " English Dictionary. Largest type 1/- net
Dictionary in the World. 40,000words. Crown 8vo., 720 pages Net 1/3
"Gem" Pocket Pronouncing Dictionary. Size 2^ x 4^.
608 pages. Long grain roan, red edges, round corners ... Net 1/0
DAWSON (A. H.) Dictionary of English Slai g and Col
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Commercial Terms and Abbreviations, Tables of Money with English and American
Equivalents. Weights and Measures, &c.
London :— E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.G.
lariborough's Sclf-Taught Scrics
Contains classified Yocabulari«;s arc! useful Phraues and GonvcrBa-
tions with the ENGLISH PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION of every word.
ALL PRICES NET.
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ARABIC [Syrian] SELF-TAUGHT
BURMESE ,, „
CHINESE
DANISH
DUTCH
EGYPTIAN [Arabic] „
ESPERANTO
FINNISH
FRENCH „
GERMAN „
GREEK (Modern)
HINDUSTANI
HUNGARIAN
ITALIAN
JAPANESE „
LATIN
NORWEGIAN „
PERSIAN ,,
PORTUGUESE
RUSSIAN
SINHALESE
SPANISH „
SWEDISH „
TAMIL „
TURKISH „
5/-
, 4/-
)) (With Fishing and Shooting Terms) 2/-
, 2/-
,, (With Naval & Military Terms) 2/-
1/-
» (With BMshing & Shooting Terms) 2/-
, 1/-
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(With Photographic & Archceological Terras) 2/—
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,, ... (With Musical Terms) 1/-
21-
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21-
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1) (Vocabulary for Canary Islands) 1/-
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GRAMMARS,
FRENCH GRAMMAR SELF-TAUGHT
GERMAN
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ITALIAN
JAPANESE
SPANISH
TAMIL
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FRENCH SELF-TAUGHT & GRAM, with KEY in paper band
GERMAN
^IINDUSTANI
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lAPANESE
SPANISH
TAMIL
(In the Press)
ENGLISH SELF-TAUGHT.
For the FRENCH ... L'Anglais sans Maitre
,, GERMANS ... Der Engliachc Dolnietscher
„ ITALIANS ... L'Inglese Iirpar.ato da Sc
„ SPANIARDS... El IniJles ))ar!i Cada Cual ...
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London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.G.
I'O. 619G.
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