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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO
3 1822 01898 3668
WE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. SAN DIEGO
LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA
477?
/f/Y
EGYPTIAN COINAGE.
SILVER.
5 Piastres, Tariff.
2 Piastres, T.
10 Piastres, Tariff.
1 Piastre, T.
NICKEL.
1 Piastre, T.
1 Mil. I. II ME.
2 MlLLIKMES.
[P.O. 6HIH.J
[See p. 80.]
MARLBOROUGH'S SELF-TAUGHT SERIES.
Egyptian Self-Taught
(ARABIC).
CONTAINING
Alphabet and Pronunciation —
Vocabularies — Elementary Grammar — Idiomatic
Phrases & Conversations — Travel Talk —
Money, Weights and Measures.
BY
CAPTAIN C. A. THIMM.
Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged by
MAJOR R. A. MARRIOTT, D.S.O.
London :
E. MARLBOROUGH & CO., 51, Old Bailey, E.C
1914.
[all rights reserved.]
NOTE TO THIRD EDITION.
It has been the fashion since the occupation of Egypt to speak
slightingly of the colloquial form of Arabic in use there.
This is partly because, as is the case in every country, the
commoner forms of speech seem uncouth and unclassical to
students who have learnt their Arabic either in universities, from
munshis in India, or from Syrians (who are frequently in Egypt
the professed instructors).
The basis of the common speech is, however, classical, though
not directly recognisable as such. The fact that some of the words
have not been encountered in the comparatively scanty literature
of the Arabs, nor in the Koran, does not preclude them from being
Arabic, though the forms of speech may not rant higher than such
English forms as shan't, ain't, and I've.
Take, for instance, tbe word so often heard — balldsh, gratis (used
often where "gratis" is scarcely the translation). This is the
Egyptian form of bila shey, without anything; and mush (not) is
via shey, like the ne and pas in French, though the proper
negative is via, Id, or leyss.
The Egyptian language has also the characteristic of using many
words in their diminutive form. Thus via, water, becomes moyyah ;
sagJiir, small, saghayyar, hence also the form shuivayyah which
again is scarcely recognisable in the expression bi shweysh meaning
slowly. Further, letters are sometimes transposed : zog, a pair,
becomes gDz ; yil'an becomes yin'al, the most common expletive in
use, in the form yin'al abuk I " May your father be cursed" 1
Some scholars are of opinion that the Egyptian Arabic, showing
kinship with the Aramaic, is entitled to as high a place in the
pedigree of the language as is the language of the Koran.
Everyone of standing or education in Egypt speaks with a
superstructure of good Arabic, so that a student of the language
may rest assured that as he advances in knowledge of the
expressions and words used amongst the educated natives he i?
learning Arabic which will stand him in good stead elsewhere.
R. A. MARRIOTT.
Chelmsford, 1U07.
PREFACE.
THIS little manual is intended as a practical handbook of
colloquial Arabic, as spoken in Egypt, for the Army and
Navy, Travellers, Missionaries and Traders, in the Nile Valley
and Delta, or in the Sudan.
By the use of this book, students, tourists and others will find
they are quite competent to make themselves understood by all
classes of Arabs met with in Egypt, the Sudan, and a considerable
part of North Africa.
Full Vocabularies of words in common, every-day use are sup-
plied, including a particularly comprehensive list of Military
terms and a useful section of Conversational Phrases and Sentences
of a practical character. In addition an outline of the Grammar
of Arabic is given, and students of the Language will find this of
great assistance in mastering the construction of sentences.
In the Vocabularies the plural has in most cases been added to
the nouns, as well as the imperative of the verbs, which also
occasionally presents difficulties.
The system of transliteration adopted is of a simple and phonetic
character, and is clearly laid down at the commencement of the
book, where the forms of the Arabic. characters are given, together
with a full explanation of the peculiarities of pronunciation, the
Egyptian rendering of the Arabic alphabet, and the equivalent
sound of each letter in English — thus supplying the key to the
second column throughout.
Thanks are due to Professor Flinders Petrie for revising the
proofs, and to Sir Alfred Milner, K.G.B., Dr. Andrew Watson,
Captain H. C. Prichard, Mr. D. A. Cameron and others for useful
suggestions made.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
The Alphabet 5
The Forms of the Letters G
Remarks on the Pronunciation of Arabic ... ... ... 8
Vocabularies. — Pages 12 to 60.
Animals, Birds and Fishes 14
Colours ... ... ... ... •■• • •• ... ... 34
Commercial and Trading Terms 59
Countries and Nations ... ... ... ... ... ... 31
Eating and Cooking Utensils 21
Fruits, Trees, Flowers, Herbs and Vegetables 16
Government Ministries and Administrations 45
House and Furniture ... ... ... ••• ... ... 22
Mankind: Relations ... ••• ... ... ... ... 18
Dress 19
Food and Drink 20
Human Body, The 16
Military Titles 46
Naval and Military Terms 47
Numbers: Cardinal, Collective ... 32
Parts of Speech: Adjectives, Adverbs, etc., Conjunctions,
Interrogatives, Prepositions, Pronouns, Verbs ... 34 to 45
Professions and Trades 24
Religious Words for Missionary Workers 60
Reptiles and Insects ... ... ... ... 15
Ships and Shipping 25
Shooting Implements and Fishing Tackle 28
Time and Seasons ... ... 29
Town and Country ... ... ... ... ... ... 23
Travelling 26
World and its Elements, The 12
Land and Water ; Minerals and Metals 13
Writing 27
The Grammar of Arabic— Pages 61 to 66.
Remarks — The Verb : Auxiliary Verbs ; General Formation
of Tenses — Pronoun — Formation of Plurals — Definite
Article — Negative — Adjective — Polite Diction.
Conversations. — Pages 67 to 79.
Directions to Workmen .. 72
Travel Talk : Arrival 73
An Excursion ... ... ... ... 76
On the Nile 77
The Railway 74
Simple and Practical Phrases 68
Useful and Necessary Expressions 67
Weights and Measures 79
Egyptian Money 80
EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE (ARABIC).
PHONETIC TRANSLITERATION.
l.
THE ALPHABET.
The Arabic Alphabet is composed of the 28 following
letters, all of which are written, like most Eastern Lan-
guages, from the right hand to the left. Each letter
assumes a different form according to its position at
the beginning, middle or end of the word.
The following characters are written: —
1. when totally unconnected with any other letter.
2. when at the end of a word, or joined only to thb
letter preceding.
3. when connected with the preceding and following
letters.
4. when at the beginning of a word, or joined only to
the letter following.
6
THE FORMS OF THE LETTERS.
Name.
When
uncormec
ted with
other
characters.
When joined to other letters.
Final,
joined to
preceding
only.
Medial,
joined to
preceding
and
following.
Initial,
joined to
following
only.
Pronunciation
in Egypt.
Alif
Bey
Tey
They
Glrn
Ha
Kha
Dal
Zal
Rey
Zeyn
Sin
Shin
Sad
Dhad
cj
CJ
LT
ijo
U°
o.
E
£
c
t
t
e
i>
&
*
t\
)
7 r
>
> /
LT
u**
u**
fja.
[JA
.S\
JSV
i3L
x3.
—
a
J
b
3
t
j
t (Arabic th
or s)
^>
g (Arabic j)
2»
h
^
kh
—
d
z
r
z
Mr
8
Ml
sh
.O
s
-ti
d
Name.
When
unconnec-
ted with
other
characters
When joined to other letters.
Final,
joined to
preceding
only.
Medial,
joined to
preceding
and
following.
Initial,
joined to
following
only.
Pronunciation
in Egypt.
Tha
Zha (or Dim)
*Ain
Ghain
Fey
Qaf
Kaf
Lain
Mini
Nun
Hey
Wau
6 J
k
4
Jb
aa
f
q (or g)
k
1
m
w, u.
Yey
The forms I v> j * v and . are used as connecting letters.
From J and I Lam-Alif are formed^ or ^!, in connection ^L
From j (n) and i> (kh) is formed the ligature ii.
Many other ligatures are formed, especially in writing.
REMARKS ON THE PRONUNCIATION OF ARABIC.
Where in English we have more than one pronunciation for
a letter we are content to leave it so, but the Arabic alphabet
contains a different letter for every sound in the language.
Though Arabic has no p and v, it has two h sounds, two t, two
s, two d, two 2, and two Tc sounds, besides the c and the c
sounds — which last are (as far as English is concerned) peculiar
to Arabic. These two are often quoted as the chief difficulties
in mastering the Arabic pronunciation ; but though strango to our
ears, they are soon mastered sufficiently for practical purposes.
The real difficulties are more subtle, and very often not recognized
until some mastery of the language has been obtained.
The c, transcribed 'din, is a sound which is linked with the
vowel-sounds of a (long), ee (English), and u, but generally with
the a, and can be distinguished from t-hem, even by a not very
precise ear. It can be attained by practice, and is a vowel-sound
produced far back and down in the throat. Special throat-
muscles must be developed to produce it, so that a European can
never imitate the sound at the first attempt.
The c (ghain) is much more easily acquired, as it is a sound
which is approached very nearly in many European tongues —
in Northumbrian English, in the r 'grasseye' in French, and
in the German r. It requires the muscles of the throat to be in
the ' gargling ' position whilst pronouncing r.
The ~- (Icha) represents nearly the sound of the Scotch ch, as in
loch, and of ch in the German language. In Egyptian it is rendered
harder by placing the muscles of the throat as in clearing it.
The «- (gtm) is, in Egypt, pronounced as a hard g, but the
Arab population keep the correct soft y.
The «- (hci) is quite as difficult as the 'din to master. It
is the sound of h in ' hard,' emitted with great force, and is, as
a rule, the last difficulty to he overcome, because the importance
of the distinction is not at first recognized. This also is made at
the hack of the throat. In words like subh, ' morning,' it gives
an extra syllable, and when it occurs twice in a word (as salrih,
* true,') it presents a great difficulty.
The Jj {([''if) is peculiar to Arabic, and is a throat 1c which
seems to present some trouble even to Arabic-speaking people,
because it is generally rendered by the sound of a hard g, and in
Cairo is inaudible. Thus p$$ qoom (' Get up ! ') would sound
like 'oom in Cairo and goom in the provinces. The lapse of this
q in Cairo adds considerably to the difficulty of grasping the
wordsj therefore special attention is called to words in which
q is transcribed. Daqlqali, 'a minute,' is pronounced da-ee-a*
The »t> (th) does not call for much comment. Properly speak-
ing it is like an s when lisped, and is to most Arabs, even in
Arabia, as difficult to pronounce as it is to a German or French-
man, and consequently is generally given the sound of s in official
Arabic, but in colloquial Egyptian it has only the sound of t.
uo, ^a, h and )o — The subtler distinctions made between the
two kinds of s, d, t and z are not very important to a beginner,
but as the student advances he will have to make the distinctions,
especially when he comes to writing. It may be said that the
difference consists in pronouncing the ^, ^ja, \o and )a as s, d,
t and 2 far back in the throat, ending the sound by the tongue
approaching the palate instead of the front teeth.
To recapitulate, the alphabet is given as follows, in order,
stating only the equivalent sounds with regard to the Egyptian
language.
I Alif, most frequently as a in father; sometimes more like
the u in but.
u Bey, like the English b.
O Tey, like the English t.
* As Cairo is the capital and the centre of education, all officials ir
the country pronounce the Qaf similarly.
10
d> They, like the English t. (See p. 9.)
». Gim (gcem), like the English hard g. Among the Arabs
^ it is called jeem, and pronounced soft, like g in germ.
?- Ha. (See p. 8.)
«- Khd. (See p. 8.)
$ Dal, like the English d.
3 Zdl, like the English z.
j 7fe#, like English r (or rather rr) in terror.
j Zeyn, like the English z.
^ Sin (seen), like the English s.
^i £/*/?* (sheen), like the English sft.
^jo Sad, like the English s. \
^ja Dltdd, like the English d. I
b Tlia, like the English t. \ ' beC P " 9,)
is Dha, or Zhd, like the English z. )
m '■ r (See p. 8, — and p. 11 for transcription.)
i- Lrham. )
v_s Fey, like the English f.
Jj Qaf, like a hard g in the provinces, in Cairo inaudible.
jj Kdf, like the English Te. (See p. 9.)
J Lam, like the English /.
i« Jl/7m (meem), like the English /».
jj JV«?n (noon), like the English «.
4 Hey, like the English h. When it has two dots over it (t)
it becomes a t. In Egyptian, words properly ending in 6
are pronounced as if it were 5.
5 Wdu (wow), has the sound of to, or of oo as in soon, accord-
ing to circumstances.
o
Yey, like the English y, and terminally has also the sound
of ee in English.
The beginner will do well not to spend too much time in attempting
to master the various forms of the letters (pp. G, 7) ; they will be learnt in
a practical way by trying to read words, names of stations, streets, &c.
In order to render the pronunciation as given in these pages
as concise and as clear as possible without attempting to distin-
guish the more delicate inflections of sound, which might serve
11
only to confuse the reader — namely, the different kinds of s, d, t,
and z, — the following transcription is given, and should he
continually referred to by the learner until he is familiar with it.
a short, for the sound of u in but.
a long, ,, ,, a in father
? short, ,, „ e in met,
i short, „ ,, i in tit-bit.
I long, ,, ,, ee in meet,
o short, „ ,, o in work.*
o long, for the sound of o in pole,
u short, ,, ,, u in put.
u long, ,, „ oo in soon,
di (or ay), „ „ i in wine.
ey t ,, ,, ai in wain.
an „ ,, ow in cow.
'«, 'e, '*', 'o, 'u, for the different vowel-inflections of the £ 'am,
as faVa (' belonging to'), sa&'m (' seventy ') , and 'umr
kh for the sound of ch in loch and German ich, but it is
not nearly so soft, and is more raucous.
h for hard h, as in suhh (' morning'), sahlh (' true ').
^7t, for c (ghdin), as in Meghagha (station south of Cairo).
A comma following a letter, as in rd,is (' head,' or ' foreman'),
represents the hamza inflection, which is a sort of catch in the
voice. The difference in the pronunciation is exemplified by the
difference between a nice house and an ice house.
All other letters given will be pronounced as in English. In
a few cases the acute accent has been inserted for the accented
syllable, as Jtatdbna, 'we wrote.'
Notes on the Tonic Accent. — -The tonic accent or stress falls
naturally on a syllable containing a vowel marked with along or an
acute accent; e.g., tdra, ghorab, maraJcbi, taldmza, moskowi, alldh.
It is also indicated by the duplication of letters and by the
occurrence of the hard h ; e.g., makhad'dah, arbag'gi, feluk'kah,
eh'na. istah'kam.
The £ ('ain), except in the rare case of its being final, re-
quiring more effort to pronounce, also indicates the accent ; e.g.,
bit'al.
In many instances where the stress is not specially indicated,
it falls quite naturally on the right syllable ; e.g., heytah,
tarabeijzah, dimamnah (hey'tah, tarabey'zah, dunan'mah).
In other cases, where no vowel in a word is accented, the
syllables have equal stress laid on them ; e.g., ghada, nafas,
ishrab, maksab, sanamat cl gamal.
The final ah of nouns and adjectives, representing the
aspirate b' , must from its nature have less stress than the pre-
ceding syllable in two-syllable words : it has not been thought
necessary, therefore, to accent such words as labwah, wardah.
* Annroachinff the short u in valuo.
12
VOCABULARIES.
ABBREVIATIONS.
Ii.— Lower Egypt. U.— Upper Egypt.
Imp. Imperative.
Plu. Plural.
N.B.— The i denotes the presence of yey (see page 10) in the Arabic, as
does also final i. Thus 'arableh (carriage) when plural becomes 'arabu/at
as the yey in such words has more of the sound value of y. The feminine
ah becomes at before a vowel, e.g., es sikkat el hadld (the railway).
1. The World and its Elements.
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
God
Allah
Creator
khaliq
world
dunya
sky
sama, gau
sun •
shems, sems (l.), shemsh (u.)
moon
qamar
star
nigmah
air
haua
earth
ard
water
moyyah
fire
nar
sea
bahr
animal
haywan, phi. hay wan at
cattle
plu. bahayim
nature
tab'iah
light
nur
dark
atmah, zalara
weather
haua
wind
rlh, plu. aryah
storm
nau
cloud
ghaim
rain
matar
snow, ice
telg
hail
bard, galld
thunder
ra'ad
lightning
barq
13
English.
Ababic.— Phonetic Fronuncin:
fog
shfiburah
heat
hararah
cold
bard, barid
North
bahri, shemal
South
qibli
East
sharq
West
gharb
whirlwind
zoba'ah
North -
wind
tiyab
earthq
aake
zilzilah, plu. zalazil
eclipse
of the
sun
inkisaf
eclipse
of the moon
khusuf
2. Land and Water.
Land
ard
island
gezlrah, phi. gazayir
mountain
gebel, plu. gibal
valley
wadi
river
bahr, plu. bubur
lake
birkah
water
moyyah
rock
sakhrah, plu. sukhiii
wave ■
mogah, plu. amwag
shore
barr, shati, sahil
garden
gineynah, plu. ganayii
reservoir
khazzan
mound
kom, p>lu. kiman
the first cataract
shallalah el auwal
the second cataract
shallalah et-tani
clay
tin
clear water
moyyah rayqah
cold water
moyyah baridah
hot water
moyyah sukhnah
3. Min
erals and Metals.
Gold
dahab
silver
faddah
copper
nahhas alimar
brass
nahhas asfar
iron
hadld
14
English.
Arabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation
tin
safleh, tanak
steel
solb, bulad
lead
rusas
coal (charcoal stone)
fahm hagar
marble
rokham
stone
hagar
sand
rami, ramleh
metal
m'adan, plu. ma'adin
charcoal
fahm hatab
mineral
m'adani
amber
kahraman
granite
saw an
gravel
hasa, local haswah
mercury )
quicksilver j
zeybaq
i. Animals, Birds and Fishes.
Animal
hay wan, plu. hay wan at
horse
hosan, plu. kheyl
cow
baqarah
calf
igl, plu. agul
lion
sab'a, plu. sub'ua
lioness
labwah, plu. labwat
Pig
khanzlr, plu. khanazlr
sheep
ghanam
lamb
kharuf, phi. khirfan
goat
m'izah, plu. ma'iz
dog
kelb, plu. kelab
cat
qottah, plu. qotat
hare
arnab, plu. aranib
wolf
dlb, plu. diyab
fox
ta'aleb
mouse, rat
far, plu. firan
cock
dlk, plu. doyuk
hen
farkhah, ])lu. firakh
fowl
teyr, plu. tiyur
chicken
katkut, plu. katakit
goose
wizzah, plu. wizz
15
English.
Arabic.— Phomtic Pronunciation.
duck
batta, plu. batt
bird
asfur, plu. asafir
dove
yamnamah, plu. y amain
eagle
nisr, plu. nesur
crow
turkey
ghorab
dik rurni
pelican
rakhamah
birdlime
dibk
owl
bumah
pigeon
hamamah, plu. hamarn
hawk
partridge
fish
saqr
hagal
samak
lobster
abu-galambo
cattle
ma-washi, bahayim (bovine)
mule
baghlah, plu. bigbal
camel
hump of the camel
donkey
gamal, plu. gimal
sanamat el gamal
homar, plu. hemlr
dromedary
hagln, plu. hegana
elephant
horse shoe
ill, plu. afy.al
hidwa, plu. hadawi
hide (of a beast)
horn
gild, plu. gelud
qurn, plu. qorun
monkey
nisnas, plu. nasanls
quail
siminanah
sandgrouse
gazelle
qatt'a
ghazal
5. Rep
tiles and Insects.
White ant
dudah, plu. dud
ant
namlah, plu. naml
fly
dibbanah, plu. dibban
bee
nahlah, plu. nahl
flea
spider
barghut, plu. baraghlt
'ainkabut
crocodile
timsah, plu. tamash
wasp
mosquito
moth
dabbur, plu. dobabh*
namusah, plu. namus
Utah
16
English
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
DUg
baqqah, plu. baqq
insect
hasharah, waghish
reptiles
dabib, ha-wam
frog
dofd'ah, plu. dafad'ih
6. Fruit, Trees, Flowers, Herbs and Vegetables
Fruits
fawakih
apple
tiffah
pear
kommittrah
plum
barkukah, plu. barkuk
tree
shagarah, plu. ashgar, or
nut
gozah [shagar
walnut
goz
grapes
'aneb
lemon
leymun
oak
ballut
rose
wardah
flower
zahrah, plu. zuhur
grass
hashish x
herbs
negll
barley
sha'ir
cabbage
koronb
carrots
gazar
cauliflower
karnablt
celery
karafs
cinnamon
qirfah
clove
qor6nfil
corn
ghallah or qamh
garlic
torn
melon
battikh
yellow melon
abdel-lawi, shamam
olives
zeyttin
onions
bassal
7. Thi
3 Human Body.
Body
gasad, gism
skin
gild, j)lu- gelud
heart
qalb, plu. qulub
head
ras, plu. ru-us
hair
sh'arah, plu. sh'ar
17
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
face
wish, wegh
forehead
gibhah
eye
'ayn, plu. 'ilyun
nose
manakhlr
nostrils
monkhar
mouth
hanak, fomm
tongue
lissan
ear
widn, plu. audan
neck
'onq or rakabah, plu. rikab
back
dahr
belly
batn
stomach
m'ida
eh in
qasabat errigl, saq, plu. slqan
foot
rigl, qadam
arm
dira'a
hand
yed
finger
soba'a, plu. sawabi'a
finger-nail
dofr, plu. adafir
thumb
bahim
eye-lid
gifn, plu. gifun
eye-brow
hagib, plu. hawagib
eye-lash
rimsh, plu. rimush
tooth
sinn, pilu. assnan
molar
ders, plu. adras
beard
dakn
elbow
ku'a, plu. akw'a
blood
dam
lungs
fishshah
blindness
'ama
dumb
akhras
deaf
atrash
dead
mayyit
alive
'ayish, hai
naked
aryan
bowels
masarln
navel
sorrah
right-hand
yemln
left-hand
shemal
hand (palm of the)
kaff
breath
nafas
drum of the ear
somakh e\ widn
Egyptian S.T.
English.
18
Ababio.— Phonetic Pronunciation.
8. Mankind; Relations.
People
nas
man
ragil, plu. rigal
woman
marah, plu. nisswan
husband
zog
wife
zogah, marah
boy
walad, plu. aulad
girl
bint, plu. benat
parents
walideyn
father
abu
mother
omm, plu. onimahat
son
ibn, walad ; flu. abna or beni,
aulad
daughter
bint
brother
akhu, plu. akhwan
sister
okbt, plu. akhawat
female
nitayah
male
dakar, zakar ; plu. dokiir,
zokur
maid (virgin)
bint bikr, plu. benat bukkar
widow
azbah, armalah
widower
azib i
bride
arusah, plu. arayis
bridegroom
arls, jilu. irsan
fatherless
yatim
relation
qarabah
relative
qarlb
Christian
masihi, nusrani
grand-child
ibn el ibn, ibn el bint, bafld
grand-father
gidd
grand-mother
giddah
negro
'abd, jilu. 'abid
negresa
garyab, plu. gtiwar
nephew
ibn el akb, ibn el okbt
niece
bint el akh, bint el okht
19
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
9. Dress.
Coat
sitrah
cloak
barnus
shirt
qamis, pi. qumsan
waistcoat
sadeyrah
pocket
geyb, plu. go-yub
button
zirr, plu. ezrar
stockings
shorabat, gorabat
boots
gazmah
shoe
markub, gazmah ; plu. mara-
klb, gizam
hat
borneytah, plu. baranlt
handkerchief
mandll, plu. manadll
watch
sa'ah
purse
kiss, plu. akyass
brush
fur shah, plu. forash
comb
misht, plu. amshat
' gloves
guanti, kufuf
soap
sabun
ring
khatim, phi. khawatim
shawl
shal, plu. shllan
a pair of trousers
bantal6n
spectacles
nadarah
necktie
kirawatah
scissors
maqas
slippers
babush
cloth
gukh
collar
y-aqah, plu. y-aqat
cotton
qotn
lace
tonteylah
needle
ibrah, plu. obar
drawers
libas
pin
dabbus
thread
kheyt
umbrella
shemsleh
o*
20
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
10. Food and Drink.
Meat
breakfast
lunch
supper, dinner
soup
boiled meat
fish
beef
mutton
pork
beans
boiled eggs
fried eggs (baked)
egg
omelet
cbeese
bread
salt
pepper
mustard
vinegar
salad
milk
cream
sugar
tea
coffee
water
wine
bottle
glass
fresh bread
sauce
sausage
food
drink (to)
vegetables
lahni
futur
ghada
'asha
shorbah
lahm masliiq
samak
lahm baqari
lahm dani
lahm khanzlr
fui
beyd masluq
beyd maqli
beydah, plu. beyd
iggat beyd
gibnah
'eysh
melh
filfil
khardal
khall
salata
leben
qishtah
sukkar
shai
qahwah
moyyah
nebld
qizazah, pht. qazayiz
kubbayah
'eysh tazah
salsa
sogokk
aid
shereb, imperative ishrab
khodar
21
Engiisa.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
dates
belah
olives
zeytiin
cake
fetir, kahk
celery
karafs
cauliflower
karnablt
parsley
baqdonos
cabbage
koronb
i*ice
ruz
bran
nokhalah
■& mouthful
loqmah
broth
marakah
chicken
katkut, plu. katakifc
•cream
qishtah
flour
deqiq
a glass of wine
kubbayah nebid
a glass of water
kubbayah moyyah
lemonade
limonada
11. Eating and Cooking Utensils.
Table cloth
ghata es soffrah
table napkin
futah es soffrah
plate
dish
sahn, tabaq
sahn
knife
sikkln, plu. sakakln
fork
shokah
spoon
cup
salt-cellar
ma'alaqah
fingan, plu. fanagin
mallahah
tea-pot
ibrik shai
frying-pan
kettle
corkscrew
miqlayah
ghallayah, ghallaytlt, ibrik
barimah
hoe
shovel
stove
fas (l.), turiyeh (u.)
kureyk
kanun
tray
oven
tisht
forn
filter
hatchet
misfayah
baltah
22
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
12. House and Furniture.
The house
el beyt
room
odah, plu. owad
bed
farshah
bedstead
serlr
pillow
makhaddah, plu. makbaddat
blanket
batanleh
sheet
milayah, plu. milayat
door
bah, plu. abwab
window
shibbak, plu. shebablk
bell
garas
wall
heytah, plu. heytan
roof
sath
floor
ardleh
chair
kursi, plu. karasi
sofa
dlwan
carpet
saggadah, plu. saggadat
table
soffrah, tarabeyzah
broom
furshah
looking-glass
mirayah, plu. mirayat
mattress
mertabah
quilt
lihaf
fireplace, chimney
madkhanah
jug or pot
kuz
pail
sutl
towel
futah or bashklr; plu. fuwat,
bashaklr
basin
tisht
bath (warm)
ham mam
basket
mishannah, maqtaf, alaq
candlestick
shamadan
candle
sham'a, plu. shumu'a
lock
quflah, keylun
key
muftah, plu. mafatlh
furniture
mobiliat
stable
isstabl
matches
kabrlt
mat
hasirah, plu. hosr
23
English.
bottle
landlord
tenant (or merchant)
lease, rental (or
wages)
bricks
bouse (a) to be let
water closet
kitcben
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
qizazah, plu. qazayiz
muaggir, sahib el- bey t
tagir
ugra
tub
beyt lil igar
mustarah,
matbakh
beyt el 'adeb,
['adebkhanah
13. Town and Country.
City, or town (large)
country (native)
village
street
square
market
palace
church
tower
post
post-office
police-office
hospital
exchange
bridge
custom-house
prison
shop
hotel
castle, fortress
corner
foot pavement
railway
field
forest
cross-road
medlnah, plu. madayin
beled
beled
sikkah, plu. sikak
maidan
suk, plu. aswak
sarayah or qasr; plu. sarayat
qusur
kenlsab, kanayis
burg, plu. abrag
bosta
bosta, maball el bosta
zabtleh
isbitaliah
borsa
qantarah, plu. qanatir
gumruk
habs
dokkan, plu. dakakln
lokanda
qal'aah
rukn, plu. arkan
balat
sikkat el hadid
gheyt, plu. ghltan
ghabab, plu. ghabat
arb'a mafariq
24
English.
Aiubic.— rhonetic Pronunciation.
farm
'abadleh
fence- wall
sur
gate
bab, phi. abwab
path
tariq
grass
hashish
mound
kom, plu. kiman
pyramid
haram, plu. ahram
desert
gebel
road
tariq, darb, sikkah
where does this road
es sikkah deh tawadlna feyn?
lead to ?
14. Professions and Trades.
Profession
kar, sena'ah
ambassador
elchi (Turkish)
professor, teacher
mu'allim
scholar (pupil)
talmlz, plu. talamza
doctor
'alem, plu. 'ulama; hakim,
(plu. hukama) doktor
medicine
dauwa
chemist
kimawi
policeman
'askari
police
bulls, zabtleh
postmaster
wakll el bosta
postman
bostagy
guard, station agent)
or master j
wakll, or ra^is mahattah
store-keeper
makhzangi
merchant
tagir, plu. togar
merchandise
buda'ah
clerk
katib
bookseller
kutbi, plu. kutbiya
bookbinder
mogallid kutub
shoemaker
gizamati, saramati
tailor
khayyat, plu. khayyatln
blacksmith
haddad
barber
mozayyin, hallaq
watchmaker
sa'ati
jeweller
gawahirgi
oculist
hakim 'oyun
25
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation
laundress
ghassalah
farmer
muzari'a
porter (carrier)
shayyal, hammal
lawyer
avokato
midwife
dayah
servant
khaddam, plu. khaddainin
grocer
baqqal
groom
sayis, plu. siyas
sailor
baliri, marakbi
gentleman
khawagah (Persian)
lady
sitt, plu. sittat
guide
dalll
interpreter
motargim, plu. motargimln
dragoman
terguman
coachman
arbagi
carpenter
naggar, plu. naggarln
watchman
ghaflr, plu. ghufara
fish-monger
sammak, plu. sammakln
cutler
sakaklni
slave
'abd
plaintiff
mudd'ai
defendant
mudda'a 'aleyh
appellant
mustanif
auctioneer
dallal
baker
khabbaz, farran
engineer
mohandis, plu. mohandisin
engraver
naqqash
gardener
ganayni
gilder
talla
goldsmith
sayigh
missionary
mursal, plu. mursalm
nun
rahbah, plu. rahbat
nurse
dadah, plu. dadat
surgeon
garrah
Beduin chief
sheykh el-'orban
15. Sh
ips and Shipping.
Steamer
babur, wabur
ship
merkeb, plu. marakib
boat, barge
sandal, plu. sanadil
mast
sari, plu. sawari
26
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation .
rudder
daffat el markab
sail
qil'a, plu. qulu'a
oar
muqdaf, plu. maqadlf
flag
bandeyrah
anchor
mersah
sailor
marakbi
drowned
gharaq
map
khartah
boatman
marakbi
fisherman
siiyyad, plu. sayyildln
afloat
'ayim
swimming
'om
cargo
wasqat, hamulab.
steersman
domangi
cable
ghomanah, habl
fleet (of ships)
dunanmah, plu. dunanmat
compass
ibrat
engineer (of the
usta el wabur
steamer)
yacht
yaht
float of paddle-wheel
muqdaf tara
dockyard
tarsanah
Nile-barge I
Nile house-boat j
(dahabieh
j qanga
broker
samsar, plu. samasrah
brokerage
samsarah
pilot
kalawuz
small boat
felukkah
Voyage )
journey j
railway-station
steamboat
captain
sailor
custom-house
key
arrival
16. Travelling.
safar
mahattah
wabur
kabtan, ra^s
marakbi, bahri
gumruk
muftah, plu. mafatlh
wusul
27
English.
railway
train
luggage
bag
interpreter
return ticket
bill
receipt
office
guard's van
coachman
pillow
whip
caravan
saddle (for a donkey)
saddle (for a horse)
strap
passenger-train
goods-train
traveller
travel (to)
carriage
medicine
money
Pound (£1.)
Napoleon (20fr. piece)
Pound (Egyptian)
Pound (Turkish)
When does the train
leave ?
Arabic— rhonetic Pronunciation.
sikkat el hadld
qattr
'afsh
kls, plu. akyas
terguman, motargim,
plu. motargimln
tazkarah raih wa gai
hesab
wasl, sanad ; plu. wosulat^
sanadat
diwan
dispensa
arbaggi
makhaddah, plu. makhuddat
tllah, kurbag
kaflah
barda'ah, plu. barad'ih
sarg, plu. surug
seyr
qatr rukkab
qatr el buda'ah
musafir, plu. musafrln
safar
'arabieh, plu. 'arablyat
dauwa, plu. adwlya
fulus
giney (guinea) ingllzi
bintu
giney masri
giney magldi
el qatr yisafir imta?
Paper
blotting paper
sheet (of paper)
quire (ditto)
pen
ink
17. Writing.
waraq
waraq nashshaf
farkh waraq
farldat waraq
qalam, plu. aqlam
hibr
28
English.
Ahabic— l'honetic Prouunriation,
inkstand
dawayah
penknife
matwah, plu. matawi
pencil
qalam rusas
sealing-wax (red)
sham'a ahmar
letter
gawab or maktub ; plu. gawa*
bat, makatlb
date
tarikh
signature
imda
post-stamp
waraq damghah
manuscript
nuskhah, kitab khatt
write (to) (copy)
katab, imp. iktib
writing (s)
kitabah
written
makfciib
book
kitab, ])lu. kutub
index (of a book)
fahrasah
seal (to)
khatam, imp. ikhtini
sign the letter
imdi el gawab
post
bosta
post-office
bosta, diwan el bosta
postmaster
wakll el bosta
he registered the
)
letter (at the post-
Ihuwa saggar el gawab
office)
1
envelope
zarf
dictionary
qanrus
when does the post
imta tisafir el bosta ?
leave ?
18. Shooting Imp
dements and Fishing Tackle.
Knife
sikkin, plu. sakakln
pocket-knife
matwah, plu. matawi
hammer
qadum, shakush
file
mabrad, plu. mabarid
nail
mismar, plu. masamlr
nail (to)
sammar, imp. sammar
axe
fas
saw
minshar, plu. manashlr
grindstone
misann
gun
bunduqieh
gunpowder
barud
29
English.
Arabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
shot (a shot fired)
darbah
net
shabakah, plu. shibak, or
shabakat
fish-hook
sinnarah
basket
mishannah
box
sanduk, plu. sanadlk
shooting
darb al barud
sport
seyd
at one shot
bi-darbah, or bi-nishan wahid
padlock
qafl, plu. aqfal
tobacco-pipe
shibuk, plu. shubukat
pistol
tabangah, plu. tabangat
19. Time and Seasons.
Year
month
week
two weeks
day
hour
half-an-hour
minute
season
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
the months of the year
Lunar months
Coptic months
time
to-morrow morning
how many weeks '>
day-time
mid-day
every day
after to-morrow
to-day
to- morrow
senah, plu. senln
shahr, plu. ushhur
gum'aah, plu. gum'aat
gum'ateyn
yom, plu. eyyam
sa'ah, plu. sa'at
nuss sa'ah
deqiqah, plu. daqayiq
fasl or awan, plu. fosul
rabl'a
seyf
kharif
shita
shuhur es senah
shuhur 'arablya
shuhur qibtlya
waqt
bukra fi subh
kam guma'ah ?
nahar
ed duhr
kull yom
b'ad bukra
en-nab ar-deh
bukra
80
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
January"
yenair
February
febrair
March
marss
April
abril
May
rnayeh
June
yunia
July
yulia
August
aghostos
September
sebtember
October
oktober
November
nofember
December
dezember
Sunday
yom el had
Monday
yom el etnln
Tuesday
yom et telat
Wednesday
yom el arb'a
Thursday
yom el khamls
Friday
yom el gum'a
Saturday, or Sabbath
yom es sabt
birthday
maulid
holiday
batalah, 'eyd, fantasleh
Christmas
'eyd el milad
Easter
'eyd el qiyamah
dawn
fagr
morning [ing
subh or sabah
early in the morn-
badri fi subh
evening
maghrib
this evening
el leylah deb or eleylahdeh
in the evening
til maghrib
noon
duhr
forenoon
qabl ed duhr
afternoon
el 'asr, b'ad ed duhr
night
leyl, plu. layal
midnight
nuss el-leyl
yesterday
embareh f
yesterday morning
embareh fi subh
yesterday evening
embareh el maghrib
the day before yester-
auwel embareh
day
♦ The Egyptians formerly employed the Coptic (ancient Egyptian) names
of the solar months. The European names, as given above, are in general
une now, concurrently with the Coptic, which are retained for agricultural
purposes.
""The h is a ha, bat pronounced UVo hty
31
English.
Arabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation
three days ago
auwel auwel embareh
daily
last year
yomi
es-senah illi fatet
year before last
twenty years old (son
qabl senateyn
ibn 'ashrln senah
of twenty years)
day time
full moon
nahar
badr
Leap-year
senah kabis
20. Countries and Nations.
Country
nation
native country
state
Europe
European
England
English
American
Arabia
Arabian
Arabs (nomads)
Beduin
Syria
F ranee
French
Russia
Russian
China
Greek
Greek
Greece
Turkey
Turkish [Khedive
His Highness the
His Highness (Our
E gyP fc . [Lord)
Egyptian
beled, plu. bilad
ommah
watan
mamlakah, plu. mamalik
aurobba
aurobbi, ferangi
bilad el-ingillz
ingilizi
amerikani
hegaz
'arabi
'arab
bedawi, plu. bedwan, 'arab,
'orban
esh-sham
fransa
fransawi
bilad el moskof
mosk6wi
bilad es sin
rumi
yunani
bilad er rum, yunan
bilad et turk
turki
el khed^ywi
effendlna
berr masr
masri
32
English.
Arabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
Lower Egypt
beheyrah
Upper Egypt
es-sa'id
Persia
bilad el agam
Persian
agarni
Cairo
masr mahrusah
Old Cairo
masr 'atlqah
The districts of Cairo
atman masr
Constantinople
istambul
Alexandria
iskendirleh
Suez Canal
el kanal
Suez
es sues
Ismailieh
el isma 'ilieh
Arishe
el 'arlsh
Kosseir
el quseyr
Damietfca
dumyat
Rosetta
rashld
Suakin
sawakin
The Nile (River)
en nil
Foreigner
egnebi, gharlb ; plu
khawagah
ghuraba,
21.
Numbers.
Numbers
a'dad
one
wahed
two
etnln
three
talatah
four
arba'ah
five
khamsah
six
sittah
seven
sab'ah
eight
temaniah
nine
tis'ah
ten
'ashrah
eleven
hadasher
twelve
etnasher
thirteen
talattasher
fourteen
arb'atasher
fifteen
khamastasher
sixteen
sittasher
seventeen
sab'atasher
33
English.
Ababic.— Phonetic Pronnnciation.
eighteen
temantasher
nineteen
tis'atasher
twenty
'ashrln
twenty-one
waited wa 'ashrln
twenty-two
itnin wa 'ashrln
thirty
telatln
forty
arba'In
fifty
khamsin
sixty
sittin
seventy
sab'in
eighty
temanin
ninety
tis'In
a hundred
mlyah (sometimes before a vowel,
101
miyah wa wahed [mlt)
110
mlyah wa 'ashrah
200
rnlteyn
300
tultemlyah
400
rub'amiyah
500
khumsemiyah
600
sittemiyah
700
sub'amiyah
800
tumnemlyah
900
tis'amlyah
937
tis'amiyah sab'a wa telatln
a thousand
elf
1,015
elf wa khamastasher
2,000
elfeyn
10,000
'ashrat elaf
30,000
telatln elf
100,000
mlt elf
a million
milyun
22. Gollec
tive Numbers, etc.
Pair
goz, plu. agwaz
dozen, packet
dastah -
once
marrah wahidah, nobah
twice
marrateyn [wahidah
single
fard, wahed
double
migwiz
first
auwal
second
tani
Egyptian S.-T.
D
34
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
thrice
telat marrat
four times
arba' marrat
five times
khams (khamas) marrat
a half
nuss, nusf
a third
tult
a fourth
rub'a
three-fourths
nuss wa rub'a
a fifth
khums
an eighth
tumn
2
3. Colours.
White
m. abiad, /. beyda
black
m. is wad, /. soda
brown
m. asmar, /. samara
blue
to. azraq, /. zerqa
sky colour
samawi
red
to. ahmar, /. hamara
green
to. akhdar, /. khadara
greenish
khadrawi, yiddi al khadar
yellow
w. asfar, /. safara
grey
azraq (also blue)
yellowish
missfirr
to make yellow
saffar
violet
m. banafsig
indigo
m. nilah
23.
Adverbs, &c.
Above, upstairs
foq
after
ba'd
afterwards, then
badeyn
always
dai y man, tamalli
at first
auwalan
because
'ala shan, li-an
before
qodam
behind
wara
by force
bil ghassb, bil gabr
down
taht
easily
bi-rahah, bi-sohulah
enough
kifayah, bass, bi-ziadah
entirely
bilkulllyah
falsely
bi-zur
35
English.
Ababio.— Phonetic Pronunciation.
far off
f ba'id
gratis, for nothing
ballash
first
auwel
here
hena
home, house
beyt
in, there is
fi
inside
guwa
instead of
badal, gbeyr
justly
bil haqq
last
akhir
lastly, at last
akhlran
late
wakhri, mo^akbar
long
tawil
near, close, side
ganb
never
abadan
no
la
not yet, still
lissa
not-at-all
mottlaqan
now
delwaqt
often, many times
miraran, murrat ketir
only, enough
bass
out )
outside J
barra
particularly
khostisan
perhaps
yumkin
quickly, soon, im-
halan
mediately
quickly
bil 'agal, qawam
seldom
fil nadir
slowly
bi-shweysh, 'ala mahl, shu-
so
keda [wavy ah
sometimes
ba'd al ahyan
soon
bad shwai
still
bardu, lissa [not yet)
there
henak
this
deh, da, di
to-day
en-nahar-deh
to-morrow
bukra
to whom ?
li-mln ?
too, also, again
kaman
under
taht
B6
English.
Akabio.— Phonetic Pronunciation.
welcome
ahlan wa sahlan or marhabba
when
lamma
when ?
imta ?
whence
mineyn
where ?
feyn?
where from ?
min eyn ? min feyn ?
where to ?
'ala feyn ? lifeyn ?
whom
illi (=w]wm or which)
whose ?
bit'a min ?
why?
leyh ? 'ala shan eyh ?
yes
aywa, na'am
yesterday
embareh
yet
lissa
Angry
awkward, stupid
bad
beautiful, elegant
better
bitter
blind
broad
civil
clean
clever
cold
cool
dark
dear
dear (expensive)
deceitful
deep
delightful
difficult
dirty
dry
eldest (oldest)
empty
false
25. Adjectives.
za'alan
ghashim
battal
gamll, latif
ahsan
murr
a'ama
arid
m'aruf or sahib adab
nadlf
shatir
bard
barid
atmah
azlz, hablb
ghali
ghashash
ghawlt, wati
yifrih, mufrih
sa'ab
wisekh
nashif
bakri
farigh, khali
keddab (kidb, a lie)
37
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
fat
samln
filthy
wehesh
fine
gamll
flat
mastu, mebattat
full
malyan
glad
far ban
good
tayyib
great
azlm
happy
sa'ld
hard (not soft), dry
nashif
hard (severe or cruel)
qasi
healthy
sallm, sagh sallm, bis-saha
heavy
teqil
high
'ali
ill (sick) [less)
ayyan
impertinent (shame-
qalll el ha-ya
large
keblr, 'azlm
lazy
keslan
lean
nahlf
least
. aqall
less
aqall
light (bright)
nur
light (not heavy)
khaflf
little (small)
soghayyar
long
tawll
loud (high)
'ali
low
wati
mad, foolish
magniin
narrow
dayyiq
near
qaiib
new
gedld
nice
kwayls, latlf
old man
agtiz
old (ancient)
qadim, antlqa
opened
maftuh
polite
zarlf, latlf
poor
meskin, faqlr ; phi. masakln,
foqara
proud
motakabbir
rich
ghani
ripe
mistuwi
38
English.
Arabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
right (true)
sahlh
round
medauwar
satisfied
mabsut, sheb'an (satiated)
shady [edge)
muzallil or daffeh
sharp (having a keen
had
sharp words
kalam qasi
sharp (severe)
qasi
short
qussayyar
soft (moist)
tari
sour (acid)
named
square
moruba'a
still, quiet
sakit
strong
gam id
stupid (ass)
balid (homar), balawi
sweet
helu
thick
tekhln
thin
rofayy'a, raqlq
tipsy
sakran
tired
ta'aban
tough (dry)
yabis
true
haqlq, sahlh, sadlq
unintelligible
mush mafhum
unlucky
ma lush bakht
useful
nafi'a
warm
hami
weak
dalf
well
tayyib
wet
tari, mablul
wicked
sharlr
wide
wasi'a, or was'a
wild
wehesh, birri
wise (clever)
'aqil (shatir)
worse
al'an
worse and worse
al'an wa al'an
wrong (mistaken)
ghalat, ghaltan
young
soghayyar
younger (smaller)
assghar
26.
Conjunctions
Afterwards
1 ba'deyn
after it
b'adu
89
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
and
wa
because
li-an, 'alashan
but
lakin, walakin
even
hatta
for
'ala shan
neither
la
nor
wa-la
or
wa-illa, walla
that
in
27. Prepositions.
Above
foq
after
b'ad
round
hauwaleyn
by
for
b, be, wa
'ala shan
from
min, 'an
in
b, be, fl
of
'an
on (upon)
'ala
near
ganb
to
1, le
under
taht
with
b, bi
28. Pronouns.
Singular.
I
ana
thou
inta (mas.), inti (fern.)
he, it
huwa
she
hiyah
Plural.
We
ehna
you, ye
they
intum
hum, huma
Singular. (Suffixes.)
My—
— I
thy—
— ak (mas.), ik (Jem.)
his —
— u
her —
1 — ha
40
English.
Ababic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
Plural (Suffixes.)
Our —
— na
your —
— kum
their —
— hum
Myself
nafs-i, or zat-i
thyself
nafs-ak, zat-ak
himself
nafs-u, zat-u
herself
nafsi-ha, zatiha
ourselves
nafsi-na, zatina
yourself
nafs-ak, zat-ak
yourselves
nafsi-kum, zat-kum
themselves
nafsi-hum, zat-hum
Singular.
Mine, or my own
bit'a-I
thine, or thy own
bit'a-ak (m.), bita-ik (/.)
his, or his own
bit'a-u
hers, or her own
bit'a-ha
Plural.
Ours, or our own
bit'a-na
yours, or your own
bit'a-kum
theirs, or their
own
bit'a-hum
Relative.
Who, whom,
that,
illi.
which, what
Note. — Illi is the <
mly Relative Pronoun used in conversatioi
Arabic.
29
. Interrogatives.
Who?
min?
to whom ?
le-min ?
which ?
'anhu ?
what ?
eyh ?
whose ?
bit'a-mm ?
why?
leyh?
how (are you) ?
izzay (ak)?
from me
min-ni
from him
min-nu
from you
min-nak
English.
41
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
30. Verbs.
To abandon
*
M
accept
admire
))
agree to
) 1
allow
alter
answer
»>
appear
>)
arrive
))
ask
)»
assist
>>
avoid
> J
awake
) J
beat
begin
believe
bind (to
bite
tie)
»J
break
bring
burn
>»
bury
buy
call
M
catch
. »
change
1)
change money
cheat, defraud.
) '
clean
come
consult
tarak
qebel, imp. iqbal
ta'aggab
ittafaq 'ala
azan, samah
ghayyar, imp. ghayyar
gawab
zahar
wasal
sa^l, imp. is,al
sa'ad
igtanab, imp. igtanib
sehi, imp. is-ha
darab, imp. idrab
ibtada, imp. ibtidi
sadaq
rabat, imp. orbot
'add, imp. 'odd
kassar
gab, imp. gib
haraq, imp. ihraq
dafan, imp. idfin
ishtara, imp. ishtiri
nada, imp. inda
mesek, imp. imsik
ghayyar
saraf, imp. isrif
ikhtalas
naddaf , imp. naddaf
geh, ga ; imp. ta'ala
shawar, imp. shawir
*Note. — Literally — " He abandoned," third person singular, past
tense, indicative mood. All the verbs in this list are expressed
in same manner, that being regarded in Arabic as the root of the
verb. But the imperatives are mostly added here, as being the
most requisite form. The past participle is formed by prefixing
ma — , matruk, abandoned.
42
English.
Arabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
to convey
naqal
,, cook
tabakh, imp. ithokh
,, count
'add, hasab
,, cut
qat'a, imp. iqt'a
,, deceive
ghashsh
,, deliver
sal lam
„ deny
ankar, gahad
,, dream
helem
,, dress
lebes, imp. ilbis
,, drink
shereb, imp. ishrab
,, drive out
tarad
,, eat
akal, imp. kol
,, examine
fahas
,, excavate
fahat, imp. ifhat
,, excuse
samah
,, explain
waddah, imp. waddah
,, feed
wakkal, imp. wakkil
,, fetch
gab, imp. gib
, find
iltaqa, wagad
„ forget
nessi
,, get up
qam, imp. qum
,, give
'ata, idda ; imp. iddi
„ go
rah, imp. ruh
,, go on foot
rah mashi
,, go on horseback
rah rakib
,, go out
kharag
,, govern
hakam
,, grease
dahan
,, hang (suspend)
allaq, imp. allaq
,, happen
hasal, ittafaq
I have
ana 'andi
he has
huwa 'andu
she has
hij'ah 'andiha
we have
ehna 'andena
you have
intum 'andikum
they have
humma 'andihum
to hear
sama'a, imp. isma'a
„ help
sa'ad, imp. sa'id
,, hide
khabba, imp. khabbi
,, hire
aggar
,, hurry
ist 'agel
43
English.
Arabic— rhonetic Pronunciation.
to jump
„ kill
,, kiss
,, knock
,, know
,, laugh
,, leap
,, learn
,, lend
,, let alone
,, lie down
,, look
,, make
,, meet
,, mend
,, mention
,, obey
,, object
oblige (favour)
obtain
offend (anger)
offer
open
oppose
order
pay
proceed [word)
promise (gave
pronounce
pull
put
read
receive
remember
remind
repair
repeat [go back)
return (come or
return (give back)
ride
natt, imp. nott
katal, imp. iktil
bas, imp. buss
kbabat, imp. ikbbat
a'araf
dehek, imp. idhak
natt, imp. nott
ta'allam, imp. ita'allim
sallaf
khalla, imp. khalli
raqad, itsattah; imp. orqod,
itsattah ; (sleep) nam, nuin
shaf, imp. sbuf
'amal, imp. 'amil
sadaf
sallah, imp. sallah
zakar, imp. ozkur
tawa'a, imp. taw'I
'iatarad
amal ma'aruf
ta-hassal 'ala
aghdab
qaddam, imp. qaddim
fatah, imp. iftah
qawam
amar
daf'a, imp. idf'a
taqaddam
wa'ad (idda qol)
lafaz, imp. olfoz
sbadd, garr ; imp. shidd, gurr
hatt, imp. hott
qara, imp. iqra
istalam, imp. istilim
tazakkar, imp. itzakkar
zakkar, fakkar
sallah, 'ammar
kerrar
rag'a, imp. irg'a
ragg'a, imp, ragg'a
rekeb, imp. irkab
u
English.
Ababic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
to rise
„ rub
„ run
,, run away
„ say
„ see
,, seize
,, sell
,, select
,, send
,, send back
.. set
,, shoot
„ show
,, smell
,, smoke (tobacco)
„ speak
spoil
stand
starve
stay
steal
study
suffer
suggest
swallow
,, swear
,, swim
,, take
,, taste
,, teach
,, tear
„ tell
,, thank
,, think
,, throw away
,, translate
qam, imp. qum
da'ak, imp. ida'ak
geri, imp. igri
harab, imp. ihrab
qal, imp. qui
shaf, imp. shuf
mesek, imp. imsek
ba'a
intakhab, akbtar ; imp. in-
takhib, ikhtar
ba,at, imp. ib,at
ragg'a, imp. ragg'a
hatt, wada ; imp. hott, uda
asstad, darab bundoqleh,
darab rusasah (bullet)
warra
shamm, imp. shimm
sharab dokhan, imp. ishrab
dokhan
takallam,
imp. itkallim
khassar, talaf, atlaf
weqef, imp. uqaf
mat min el gu'a, mat bil gu'a
fedel, isstanna
saraq, imp. issraq
ta'allam
tahammal
ashar
bala, imp. ibla
helef, imp. ihlif
'am, imp. 'urn
akhad, imp. khud
zaq, imp. zuq
'allam, imp. 'allim
sharmat, imp. sharmat
qal, imp. qui
shakar, imp. oshkor
zann, iftakar
rama, imp. ermi
targam, imp. targim
45
English.
Ababio. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
to travel
safar
„ tread
diiss, imp. doss
,, turn (round)
dauwar, imp. dauwar
,, understand
fehem
„ upset
qalab, imp. iqlib
,, use
ist'amal, imp. ist'amil
„ wait
istanna, imp. istanna
„ walk
meshi, imp. imshi
„ want
ah tag
„ w r arm
sakhkhan, daffa; imp. sakh-
khan, daffi
,, warn
nassah, imp. insah
,, wash
ghasal, imp. ighsil
,, watch
ghaffar, harass ; imp, oghfor,
ohross
„ water (horses)
saqa
„ wet
ball, imp. bill
„ whip
darab, imp. iddrab
,, whisper
washwash, imp. washwish
„ win
ghalab
,, wipe
nasshef, masah; imp. nasshif,
imsah
„ wish
arad
,, work
ishtaghal, imp. ishtaghal
,, wound
garah
,, worship
'abad, imp. 'ibid
„ wrap
laff, imp. liff
„ write
katab, imp. iktib
,, yield one's-self upl
salara
31.
The Government Ministries and
Administrations.
Department of the ]
Household of
H.H.the Khedive ]
Finance
Foreign Office
Interior
Justice
Public Works
ed da,irah el khassa
el malleh
el khargieh
ed dakhlleh
el haqqanleh
el ashgal el 'umumleh
46
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
Public Instruction
War Office
Public Health De
partment
Police Department
Prison Department
Department of the')
Suppression of \
Slavery J
Office of the Inspec- i
tor - General of >
Irrigation )
Railway Administra
tion
Nile Steamers Service
Public Debt Office
Customs Department
Coast Guard Service
Post Administration
Postal Service
Native Courts
Court of First In-
stance
Court of Appeal
Quarantine Board
Municipal Council
32. *
Private
bugler ; drummer
farrier
trumpeter
lance-corporal
corporal
sergeant
sergeant-major
quarter-master ser-
geant
adjutant-major
chief clerk
el ma'arif el 'umumleh
el harbleh, diwan el gehadleh
maslahat es siha el 'umu-
mieh
maslahat el bolls
maslahat es sugun
maslahat man'a tigaret er
raqlq or qalam el raqlq
taftlsh 'uinurn er ra,i
rnaslabat es sikkat el hadld
maslahat waburat en nil
sanduq ed deyn el 'umumi
idarat 'umum el gamarik
maslahat ghafar es sawahil
idarat 'umum el bosta
band
el mahakim el ahlleh
el mahkamat el ibtidaleh
(mahkamat auwel daragah)
mahkamat el ist'inaf
maslahat es siha el bahrleb
wal karantlnat
el komisyon el baladi
Military Titles.
nafar
burugi ; tabbal, trombetgi
beytar
trombetgi, burugi
wakil onbashi
onbashi
shaweysh
bash shaweysh
buluk amln
saghkolaghasi
bash katib
Mostly Turkish.
17
English.
Akabio.— Phonetic Pronunciation.
warrant officer
sol
sub-lieutenant
mulazim fcani
lieutenant
mulazhn auwel
captain
yuzbashi
major
lieutenant-colonel
colonel
binbashi
qaimaqam
miralai
brigadier-general
lieutenant-general
lewa
farik
field-marshal
mushlr
doctor
surgeon
hakim, plu. hukama
paymaster (treasurer)
khiznidar, sarraf
adjutant
commanding officer )
commandant i
mo'awin, plu. mo'awnln
hukumdar, komandan
chief-of-the-staff
ra,is arkan el harb
field-officer
zabit 'azlm
general officer
staff-officer
zabit karlm
zabit arkan el harb
brigade-major
arkan harb el lewa
commander-in-chiei
sirdar
His Excellency (ad-
dress of a field-
daulatlu
marsh
Your Ex
al)
cellency
sa 'adetkum
33. *Naval and Military Terms.
Together witJi useful Words for all Banks.
Absence (leave of)
accoutrements
acquittal
admiral
advance
advance (to)
advanced guard
party
,, post
alarm post
alert
agazah
meheymat
tabrlah
amir el bahr
llarey
taqaddam
bashdar
gema'ah muteqaddamah
nuqtah muteqaddamah
nuqtat el kabsah
hazir ol
* Including some Turkish words of command, &c.
48
English.
Aeabio.— Phonetic Pronunciation.
ambulance
shefakhanah
ammunition
gabakhanah, zakhirah
ammunition pouch
kaffah
ammunition wagon
'arablet el gabakhanah
anchor
mirsah
anchorage
marsa
armistice
matarakah, hudnah
armourer
tufekgi [pronounce tufenkshi)
arms
asliha
army
geysh, 'askar
army-corps
firkah
army order
'amr 'askari
arrow
nibl, sahm
arsenal
tubkhanah
artillery
tubgleh
as you were !
yarina !
attack
hugum, mukagamah
,, , form for
huguma (teshkil ol)
,, , false
hugum kazib
„ , flank
hugum 'ala el gamb
,, , front
hugum 'ala el muwagahah
,, , 1st line of
auwel kbatt el hugum
,, , 2nd line of
tani khatt el hugum
attention !
zinhar 1
axle
qotb
backsight
nishangah
badges
'alamat er rutab
band
muslkah
barrack
qishlaq
base
asas
battalion
orta, ])lu. orat
battery (field)
batarleh (maidan)
battle
waq'ah
bayonet
singa [Turkish sungi)
bayonets, fix
sun gey dik
,, unfix
sungey inder
belt
qayish, hizam
binoculars
nadarah
bit (for horse)
fekk, ligam
bivouac (to)
bayit bidun khiyam
blacking
boyah
bomb
bombah
49
English.
bombard (to)
booty
boot
breadth
breastband
bribe
bridle
brigade
broad
bugle
,, sound
bullet
by the right, left, cen-
camel [tre
camel's riding-saddle
camel for riding
camp
camp kettle
cannon, gun
capture (to)
carriage wheel
cartridge
,, , blank
cavalry
cavalry walk
,, trot
,, , prepare for 1
cease fire 1
certificate
certificate of dis-
charge
chain
change of front
,, ,, position
charge, prepare to
charge !
cholera
close
commence firing
company
,, , half
, double
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
darab bil bomb
ghanlmah
gezmah
'ard
sinaband
bartll, rashwah
ligam, plu. algima
lewa
arid
buri
nobah
rusasah
saghda, solda, wasatda
gamal, plu. gimal ; /. naqa
makhlufah, gablt
hegln
mu'askar, urdl
qazan
madf'a
asar
'agalah
kartush, fishenk
fish en k (farigh)
suwari, khiyalah
sir el ashkin
sir el gar
sawari karshu dauwaran !
nobet ateshi kas !
shehadah, plu. shehadat, or
raftieh [tazkarah
silsilah, plu. salasil, zinglr
taghyir el ittigah, tabdil baiya
taghyir el wad'a, tabdil yeri
huguma hazir ol
hugum !
kolera
yaklasheyn
bashlana atesh
buluk
yarim buluk
buluk muzdawig
Egyptian S.-T.
50
English.
Arabic. — .Phonetic Pronunciation.
cloak
'abayah, kabud
colours of a regiment
beyraq
column
orda, kol
,, of building
'amud, plu. 'imdan
column, close
kol mutaqarib
,, , double
shift kol
,, , half
yarim kol
,, , line of — s
tabur kolah
„ , mass of— s
magmu'a kolat
,, of divisions
sinfja kol
,, of route
kol es seyr
,, of sub-divi-
tobja kol
visions
,, , quarter
dar-kol
combatant
muharib
,, , non-
gheyr muharib
command
hukumdarleh
,, , words of
nida
commissariat
kism et t'ayinat
compasses
bargal, ibrat
cook
tabbakh
court-martial
meglis 'askari
,, , district
„ ,, markazi
,, „ , general
,, ,, aali
,, ,, , proceed-
igra,at el meglis el 'askari
ings of
,, ,, , regimen-
meglis 'askari alayi
tal
,, ,, , summary
„ „ waqti
coui't of inquiry
meglis et tahqlq
confined to barracks
mahguz bil qishlaq
conduct
soluk, mashi
connecting file
khabardar
countersign
O
parolah
courage
garaah
crew
nautleh
crupper
kafal
cut (wound)
garh, plu. goruh
dagger
khangar, plu. khanagir
decision
qarar
defaulter
muznib mahguz
51
English.
Arabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
defaulter's book
daftar ez zunub
defaulter's drill
ta'allm el muznibln
defence
mudaf'a
defile
darband
deployment
fath
depot
asas
deserter
harib, harban
detached file
qatar munfasil
detachment
sariyah
diarrhoea
is-hal, lln
diary, journal
daftar yomleh
discipline
zabt \va rabt
disembarkation
nuzul min el markab
dismiss (to, from
raft
service)
,, (off parade)
'amal dastur
dismount !
yerra in 1
division
firqah
dockyard
tersanah
don't move !
ma taharraksh !
double march !
ziada sora'atteh marsh
dress
hizaya
drill
ta'allm
,, , aiming
,, sibiyeh
,, order
haiat et ta'allm
,, , position
ta'allm el qiyam
,, , preliminary
ta'allm ibtida-i
,, , setting-up
ta'allm talyln el 'ada
driver [mals
'arbagi
driver of pack ani-
tarras •
drum ; — (big)
trombeytah ; tablah
drunk
sakran
duties
wagibat
duty (on)
nobetji (pronounce nobatshi)
dysentery
dusuntarieh
ease, march at
yolga
,, , stand at
yarinda safa
echelon
tadrlg
embarkation
nuzul fil bahr
encampment
mu'askar
enemy
dushman, 'adu
£ :
52
English.
engagement
engineer
enlistment
entrenchment
equipment
escort
examination
exercise, bayonet
finiior
, , , aning
,, , manual
,, , review
, rifle
,, , shelter-
trench
expedition (military)
extend
fall in 1
farrier
fatigue
„ party
field-day
,, -exercises
,, -glass
field-gun
field-hospital
field officer
file
,, , blank
,, , connecting
,, , even
,, , leading
,, , odd
,, , in single
fire
firel
flag
flank
flank, directing
,, , inner
„ , left
., , outer
Ababio.— Phonetic Pronunciation.
qital
muhandis
iktitab
dirwah
meheymat
haras
imtihan
sungi ta'allm
atesh ta'allm
silah isti'amali
maharan sungi ta'allm
ta'allm el bunduqieh
ta'allm 'amal ed dirwah wal
khandaq
safarleh
nobet achileyn
sagha bak ! (Turkish, look to
beytar [your right !)
tulbah
tulbah
yom maidan
ta'allmat 'askarieh
naddarah maidan
madf'a urdi, maidan
taljanaqqali,isbitalia maidan
zabit 'azim
qatar
qatar farigh
khabardar
qatar shift
qatar amami
qatar fardi
fardan fardan, bir-eyr bir-eyr
nar
atesh 1
sanjak, beyraq, 'alam
gamb, ganib
gamb samt et tawaggah
el gamb ed dakhil
el gamb esh shemal
el gamb el kharig
68
English.
flank, reverse
,, , right
flanker
fleet
foot -soldier
forage
foresight (gun)
„ (rifle)
formation
fort, fortress
fortify (to)
fortress wall
forward 1
form fours !
from the right, left,
centre
front
front form I
front rank
funeral
furlough
gaiters
gallop
garrison
general (s.)
girdle
girth
glove
government
governor
grave (s.)
great- coat
groom (brush a horse)
groups, form
guard, escort
,, (of soldiers)
,, (advanced)
„ (rear)
guard turn in
„ turn out
gun (musket)
Arabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
el gamb el mun 'akis
el gamb el mun 'akis
ganbdar
dunanmah
'askari
'allq
zlh
dibbanah
tashkll
tabiya, qal'ah, husn
istahkam
sur el qal'ah
li qodam !
durdeyr !
saghdan, soldan, wasatdan
qodam
tabra !
es saff el auwel
ginnazah
rukhset ghiyab, agazab
tuzluq
ramah, durtna'l
hamiyeh
basha
hizam
hizam, sherihah
aldiwan
hukumah
hakim, mihafi
kabr, torbah
kabbud
timar
gem'atcha (ol)
haras
ghafar
bashdar
dimdar
karakol dastur
karakol sitah
bunduqleh
54
English.
gun-carriage
gunner
gun -powder
half-column
,, company
,, section (cavalry)
halt !
halt at noon (to)
halt for the night (to)
halter
hay (chopped straw)
head -quarters
helmet
horse
,, (a brown)
,, (a dark grey)
horse-brush
,, cloth
horse's hoof
,, mane
,, shoe
,, tail
hospital
hut
imprisonment
incline !
independent firing
infantry
,, , mounted
inspection parade
instructor
insubordination
Intelligence Depart-
ment
interval
intoxicated
intrench (to)
in which direction ?
in what strength ?
ironclad
judge
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
gundaq, 'arablyet el madf'a
tubgi
barud
yarim kol
sinf
yarim sinf
oqaf! dur!
gayyel (Ar.)
bay yet (Ar.)
rashm
dirls (tibn)
el markaz, el komandanleh
tasah
hosan, plu. kheyl
hosan asmar
hosan singabi
forshah timar
futah timar
hafir
ma'arafa
na'al
deyl
isbitalia
zimlik
habs
ma,ilan I
nobet atesh
biyadah
biyadah rakibah
tabur teftlsh
ta'allmgi
'adam el inqiy&d
qalam el mukhabarat
fasil
sakran
istahkam
ila eyn ?
bi kam min 'asaklr?
merkab hadld
qadi
55
English.
Ababic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
killed
knapsack
ladder
lance, spear
lantern
lanyard
lashing
latrine
lay down your arms !
leave of absence
left
lie down
line
,, of columns
,, ,, communi-
cations
„ „ fire
,, ,, operations
,, ,, retreat
,, ,, sight
main-body
manceuvre
map
march 1
marksman
marquee tent
military police
,, service
mine
mortar [rear
move a little to the
move forward !
musketry
,, instruction
muster
mutiny
muzzle (of a gun)
nose-bag
occupy (to)
officer
officer's undress
maktul
garabandleh
sillim
mizraq, harbah
fanus, phi. fawanis
habl el kabsul
filasah
adabkhanah
irmi silahak !
agazah, izn
sola
nam (Ar.), yat (Tur.)
tabur, hiza
alaya kola
khatt el muwasilah
ittigah er rami
khatt el harak
kbatt er rugu'a
khatt en nazer
asas
munaura
khartah
marsh !
nashangi
markuwis
bolls 'askari
'askarleh
lughum
hawun
ta^akhar shuwayah li wara
imshi ! yallah 1
darb en nar
ta'allm darb en nar
ta'adad
'asayan
fumm
mikhlat 'allq, mikblah
ihtall
zabit, flu. zubat
libs yomi
56
English.
Arabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation^
ophthalmia
ram ad
order (command)
'amr, plu. 'awamir
order arms
rah at dor
orderly (on duty)
nobetji (pronounce nobatshi)
outpost
karakol-kharigi
outworks
istahkamat amamleh
pace [tion
khatwah, plu. khatawi
packet of ammuni-
dasta, plu. asdas
parade ; — , to
tabur ; istaff tiibur
parapet
khatt en-nar
pass
tazkarat morur
patrol
tof
pay, salary
mahiyah
peace
sulh
picket
karakol
pistol
tabangah, ferd
plan
masqat
pontoon
ma' bar
post
nuqtah
prepare to mount
bin meya hazir ol
,, to dismount
yerra in hazir ol
present arms
sal am dor
„ (in firing)
nishan
prison [room)
sign, habs
prisoner (in guard -
mahbus
„ of war
aslr
promotion
tarqleh
punishment
giza
quarters
qishlaq
quick march
sora'atleh marsh
,, „ , double
ziada sora'atleh marsh
quickly! (with wheels)
bil'agal !
quinine
kinln
range
rnasafah, si'at er rami
„ finder
tlllmetr
rank (in army)
rutbah
,, (line of men)
saff
rank and file
an far es saff
rank — front, rear
es saff el auwel, tani
rations
girayah, t'ayin, t'aylnat
ready
doldor
57
Endish.
Aeabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
ready (in firing)
hader (Ar.)
rear
giria
rear form !
„ tabra
reconnaissance
istikshaf
recruit
'askari mustegidd
redoubt
hisn, tabiyah
regiment
alai
regulations
qawanin
reinforcement
taqwla (Ar.)
reins
suru'a, plu. asr'a
relief (change)
ghiyar
report
taqiir
reserves
ihllyatia
retire (to)
ta,akhar
retire 1
giria !
retreat (to)
takahkar
rifle
bunduqleh
rifleman
sheshkhilneli
rifling
sheshkhanah
rise !
qum (Ar.) ; kalk (Tur.)
rush !
igri (Ar.)
sack
kis
saddle (camel)
ghablt, makhlufab, iddah
„ (for a horse)
serg, plu. surug
saddler
serugi
salute
salam
sapper
baltaggi
scouts
kashafa
section
sinf, plu. asnaf
semaphore
samafor
sentry
dideban, gbafir, plu. ghufara
shell
danah
ship-of-war
markab harb
shot (cannon ball)
gullah
sight of a gun
kumhah
signal ; signaller
isharah ; isharagi
„ party
gema'at el isharah
skirmish (to)
tasharkhag
skirmisher
sharkhaggi'
slowly !
'ala mahlak !
small shot
rush
58
English.
snaffle
soldier
spur
spy
squadron
square
stable
staff (military)
stall
stirrnp
support
surrender (to)
,, upon terms (to)
sword
target
tattoo
telescope
tent
tent-peg
theft
to the right
to the left
to the rear
transfer
transport [redoubt
trenches, rampart,
troops
„ (regular)
,, (reserve)
trot
trumpet
tunic
undress (daily dress)
uniform
valise
vedette
veterinary surgeon
victory
volley firing
walk (at a horse's)
Ababic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
kantarmah
gindi, plu, ganadi, 'askari
mahruuz, plu. mahmlz
gastis, basas
orta sawari
qal 'ah
isstabl, plu. isstablat
arkan harb
akhur
rikab, plu. rikabat
imdad
sallam, imp. sallim
sallam bi-shurut
seyf
takhtah
nobet tamam
durbln, nadarah
kheymah, plu. khiyam
watad, plu. autad
seriqah
Ila el yamln
lla esh shimal
Ila el khalf
intiqal
hamlah
mitras
'asakir
nizam
redif
el gar
buri
sitrah
el libs el yomi
kiswah
garabandleh sawari
dideban sawari
hakim beytari
zafar, intisar
tabur atesh
ashkln
59
English.
Arabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
war
harb
water-bottle
zamzamleh
wheel, right — left
saghyana — solyana — katar
wheeling
dauaran
wing, left — right
sol-kol — sagh-kol
wounded
magruh, niabtuh
wound in the head
bath
(contusion)
34. Commercial and Trading Terms.
Bale
balah
bank
bank
basalt
buy (to)
calico
hagar iswad
ishtara
baftah, shash
capital
chips (rough stone)
counting-house
ras el-mal
dabsh
maktab
credit (on)
shukuk
debt
flint
deyn
sowan
granite
gravel
leather
letter of exchange
hagar sowan
haswah
gild
hawalah, kambialah
limestone
hagar abiad, or hagar glr
linen
loan
quttan
sulfah
loss
khasarah
merchant
tagir
mud
tin
package
pay to —
1'ardah
daf'a — , wafa —
per cent.
profit
sand
bil miyah
fayidah, maksab
rami
sandstone
hagar ramleh
sell (to)
silk
ba'a
harlr
weight
wool
wazn, tuql
suf
GO
35. Religious Words for Missionary Workers.
English.
Arabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
Jesus Christ
yasu'a cl inasih
life
hay at
death
mot
right (justice)
haqq
wrong (mistake)
ghalat
praise
hamd
spirit
ruh
heaven
sama
peace
salam
heart
qalb
mind
'aql
love
mahabbah
faith
emam
believe
aman
prayer (pray)
sala (salla)
hope
raja
whosoever
min
give^
iddl
receive
qabal
everlasting
abadi
lost (lose)
mafqiid
died
mat
substitute
nayib
instead of
blood
bedel 'an
dam
forgiveness
forgive
sins
trust
enter in
salvation
holy spirit
holiness
obey
clean
thoughts
words
seek (ask for)
gladness
simah
samah
khataya
tiqa
dakhal
khalas
er ruh el qud3
qadasah
t'au
nadlf
afkar
kalimat
otlob
inbisat
61
THE GRAMMAR OF ARABIC.
Remarks.
Arabic is a very rich language with numerous synonyms,
so much so that it has been described by a wag as a
language in which every word has its own meaning and
exactly the opposite, and a third meaning of some kind
of camel. Fortunately for the common needs of life,
Arabic-speaking people are content with an ordinary
vocabulary, and even the educated reserve the richness
of their mother-tongue for special occasions. The appal-
ling thirteen forms of the verb of grammarians dwindle
in practice to the intransitive, transitive, and an impersonal
form, with occasionally a passive form, and prepositions
are considered sufficient without the inflection of the
various cases. Again, the student has the building-up of
a vocabulary made more easy for him, by fairly consistent
changes which are made in the roots to express various
ideas.
THE VERB.
The root form is that of the 3rd person singular of the
past tense of the verb.
From this is formed most regularly a word which
means the ylace or time of performing the action indicated
by the root form.
Thus, katab (he wrote) makes maktab (the place of
writing, i.e., the office). Khazan (he treasured up) makes
makhzan (the place of storing, hence our "magazine").
Sam (he fasted) makes mdusim (the time of fasting, hence
our word "monsoon"). Rakab (he rode) makes merkeb
(a ship). Sharab (he drank) makes mashrab (the drinking-
place), used in the form of mashrablch, the lattice- work
62
round native windows. Shorbah (properly shorbat), a drink
(Eng. "sherbet"), is another derivative from this root.*
The past participle of a verb is also regularly formed,
and can be used like an adjective.
Thus, from katab, he wrote, maktiib, written.
,, shacjal, he worked, mashglml, busy.
,, fatah, he opened, maftiih, opened.
,, feh em, he understood, ma/hum, understood.
The intransitive verb is made transitive by doubling the
medial letter ; thus, sha glial, he worked ; shaghghal, he
made to work.
The impersonal form is constantly used as it is in
French, and is formed by prefixing the sound of yit.
Yitfdteh, it is opened (compare 11 s'ouvre in French);
yitghlsil, it is washed.
Auxiliary Verbs.
One is not troubled in Egyptian with many moods and
tenses. One tense — the present — serves also for the future;
the past tense is uniformly constructed from the root, and
the auxiliary verbs to have and to be are represented by one
form of auxiliary, which is here given and is typical of the
inflections of all verbs : —
PRESENT OR FUTURE.
ana aJciln, I will be or become ehna nekun, we, &c.
(German werde)
into, tekiin, thou, &c. intuvi tekunu, you, &c.
huwa yekun, he, &c. humma yekunu, they, &c
PAST.
ana hunt, 1 was or became. ehna kunna, we, &c.
inta kunt, intum kuntu,
huua kan, humma kdnu.
* It is interesting to note the number of Arabic words that have been
Imported into the English language, besides the above and the well-known
forms generally beginning with al or el, alchemy, almanac, alembic, elixir,
algebra — the last from an Arab mathematician with the appellation of Al
Gebbdr, the giant. Thus, many less distinctive words are found, such as
admiral, arsenal, to drub, to booze, ghoul, zany, popinjay, bug (not in-
digenous to England). The introduction of these into our language is
probably due to the Crusaders. The soldiers of later days are responsible
for a great many Hindustani words in current use in our colloquial lan-
guage, such as to crab (military term from Arabic root kharab), club,
punch, bobbery, So long ! and numerous others.
68
There is no verb corresponding to i" am. It is omitted.
Thus, ana mabsut, I am contented; hmva faqlr, he is poor.
I have, &c, is formed with the preposition 'and (near)
and the personal pronouns, as
'andi, I have. 'andena, we have.
'andak, thou hast. 'andehum, you have.
'andu, he has. 'andehum, they have.
I had is kdn 'andi, (there was near me) ; and similarly
for the other persons.
General Formation of Tenses.
An ordinary verb — katab, he wrote — is here given, and
all the verbs are formed similarly : —
katab, he wrote, kdtib, writing, maktiib, written.
PRESENT OR FUTURE.
ana aktib, I write or will write, ehna niktib,
inta tiktib, intum tiktibu,
hmca yiktib, humma yiktibu.
PAST.
ana katdbt, I wrote. ehna katdbna,
inta katdbt, intum katdbtu,
hnwa katab, humma katabu.
IMPERFECT.
ana hunt aktib, I was writing. ehna kunna niktib,
inta kimt tiktib, intum kuntu tiktibu,
huwa kan yiktib, humma kdnu yiktibu.
PLUPERFECT.
ana hunt katdbt, I had written. ehna kunna katdbna,
inta kunt katdbt, intum kuntu katdbtu,
hmva kan katab, humma kdnu katabu.
Nearly all imperatives are formed uniformly, as Iktib —
Write! Imsik— Take hold of! Imshi— Walk! or Go!
If tah — Open ! From masak, mdshi, fatah.
A form to express present action, to distinguish the
present from the future, is often used, the present being
given the prefix bi. Thus,
ana baktib, I am writing (now),
inta bitiktib, huu-a biyiktib, &o.
64
The verbs call for no further remark beyond the fact
that there is a feminine form of the 3rd person sing.,
present and past tense. Thus, " she writes," hlya tiktib
instead of yilctib; "she wrote," hlya katabet instead of
katab; similarly, "she was," Mnet instead of kan. Col-
lective nouns also take this feminine singular form; as
El gemot Weal, the camels eat.
THE PRONOUN.
Except when governing the verb or as the subject of a
sentence, the forms of personal pronouns ana, inta, huwa,
&c, are not used, but another form as in 'andi, I have,
quoted above; similarly, tahti, under me, ganbi, by my
side.
To express possession the word bit'a, belonging to, is
used. Thus,
bit'ai, mine, bit'aak, thine, bit'a-u, his,
bit' ana, ours, bit'akum, yours, bit'ahum, theirs.
But, unless it is intended to lay stress on the possessive,
thi3 word is generally replaced by the suffix. Thus,
milki, my property ; wishak, your face; riglu, his leg, &c.
The dative form of the personal pronoun is made with
the prefix I : —
ll, to me, lak, to thee, lu, to him,
Una, to us, lakwn, to you, lahum, to them.
FORMATION OF PLURALS.
The regular form of plural is made by the addition of
-in to masculine words and -at to feminine. The feminine
word generally ends in S (see p. 10) and is transcribed
as ah when it is a simple noun and leh when a derivative
noun. It therefore causes little difficulty, and being
feminine in accordance with previously conceived ideas
on the subject, one is not troubled with unreasonable
genders. As a set-off to this, the plurals of nouns disport
themselves under so many guises that the above rule of
adding -In and -at is chiefly of use in the formation of
the plurals of adjectives and of feminine derivative nouns.
The plurals of nouns* ring the following kinds of changes,
* And of some adjectives.
65
and each must be learnt as an exception. For instance :
Sing. Plur. Sing. Plur.
shibdk, a window, shebablk. futah, a towel, fowdt.
gebel, a mountain, gebdl. hey t ah, a wall, heytdn.
merkeb, a ship, merdkib. walad, a boy, duldd.
beyt, a house, beyiit. hakim, a doctor, hukama.
The dual form is obtained by adding -eyn ; thus, rdgil,
a man ; rdgileyn tdyyibeyn, two good men.
THE DEFINITE ARTICLE.
The definite article el, the, is repeated with a qualifying
adjective. Thus el geysh el keblr, the large army. It has no
feminine or plural form. Before certain letters el suffers
elision and duplicates the initial letter of the following
word. Thus, en ndr, the fire ; esh shems, the sun.
THE NEGATIVE.
The negative is peculiar. " Not " is mush, compounded
of ma, not, and shey, a thing, and can be separated like
tie pas in French.
Thus, "I know" is ana'arej; "I don't know," ana
ma'arefsh or manlsh 'aref, or simply mush 'aref.*
THE ADJECTIVE.
Comparative and Superlative.
The forms are regular, and as follows: —
hasan, good (beautiful) ; ahsan, better ; el ahsan, the best.
skater, clever ; ashter, cleverer ; el ashter, the cleverest.
ketlr, many (much) ; aktir, more ; el aktir, most
(classical, el aksir, hence " elixir").
keblr, great ; akbar, greater ; el akbar, greatest.
e.g., Alldhu 'I akbar ! God is the greatest !
Genders.
The feminine of adjectives is formed by adding the
letter hey.
Thus, the feminine form of the above words becomes
hasanah, shdtirah, ketlr ah, &c.
* In the Sudan the form is ma Varef, and is more correct Arabic.
Egyptian S.-T. 5"
66
The adjectives of colour are peculiar ; e.g.,
ahiad, white; (fern.) bey da.
dhmar, red ; (fern.) hamara (hence Alhambra).
A list of these is given on page 34.
POLITE DICTION.
It is not impolite, as in most European languages, to
use the 2nd person singular ; but it is usual in speaking
to equals to use the word hdderet, presence. Thus, instead
of into, thou, and huwa, he, one says politely hddretak,
hadretu. It is not necessary when the expression used is
in itself polite ; as, Min fadlak, Please ! Kattar kheyrak,
Thank you ! Allah yehfdzak, God keep you ! Nehdrak
$a,id, Good morning I Leyltak sa'idah, Good evening !
If the person addressed is of much higher rank, the
word sa'adetak or sa'adetkum should be used, and pro-
nounced sa'ddtak, scCddtkum.
It is well to be familiar with the expressions by which
God is invoked. Thus, Allah! is often 'used during a
pause in conversation; Bismillah! In the name of God!
(on starting work or a journey) ; Insha, Allah ! Please God I
(used constantly for jierhaps) ; Masha, Allah! an expression
of surprise or admiration (in the latter case with the
intention of avoiding the evil eye). Yallah! By God!
(used always for " Go on ! " " Let us proceed! " &c.).*
On entering a room or house, one is addressed with the
words Marhabba! (Welcome !) or more cordially with Ahlan
via sdhlan! (Make yourself at home !).
As a rule, the expression Saldm 'aleykum! (Peace be
upon you !) is reserved by Mohammedans for Mohamme-
dans, but if used to a Christian or other should be
answered by 'Aleykum es saldm ! (On you be peace!).
Politeness requires that on all occasions of making an
offer of a seat, cigarette, coffee, &c, the word Itfdddal (Be
gracious) must be used as a preliminary.
♦ Wallah I is a form of oath for " By Godt "
67
CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES AND
SENTENCES.
Useful and Necessary Expressions.
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
At last !
allow me
are you hungry?
be careful, open your
eyes
begone
out with you !
by all means
certainly
come back
come here
come in
do you hear ?
do you know ?
excuse me )
forgive me J
from here
good-bye
go away
go on
give me
how many times ?
holloa there ! oh you !
immediately (in this
time)
impossible !
in front of
in future (afterwards)
it means {i.e.)
make haste
many thanks
akhlran !
ismah li
inta ga'an
iftah 'eynak
imshi
itl'a barra
'ala kulli hal
la budd, m'alum, na'am
irg'a
ta'ala hena
idkhol, hush
inta sam'a?
inta arif, or ta'araf '«
samih ni, or ma ta'akhiznlsh
min hena
m'a es-salamah
rtlh min hena
imshi
iddl-ni, a'atl-ni
kam marrah ?
ya inta I
fil waqt, halan
ma yumkinsh !
qodam
fil qabil (ba'adeyn)
ya'ani
qawam, bil 'agal
barakat warsin
68
English.
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
never mind
no
take care !
tell me
thanks
thank you
that's another thing
the sooner the better
(to-day, before to-mor-
to the rear I [row)
very bad
very much
very nice
very often (much)
very well
what ?
what is this for ?
what is this?
who is there?
who is this ?
why ?
ma'aleysh
la
*oa!
qul-ii
shokr
allah yahfaz-ak
deh shey tani
*
en nahar deh qabl bukra
li wara
racli, bil hamm
ketlr qawi
kwayls khalis
ketlr
tayyib, 'azim
eysh huwa ? or eysh deh ?
'ala ey deh ?
deh ey deh ?
mln henak ?
da mln deh ?
ley?
yes na am, aywa
Simple and Practical Phrases.
akhkh !
fi khabar ?
inta mista'agil ?
'ala keyfak
Alas I
any news ?
are you in a hurry ?
as you like (to your
pleasure)
bring a light here
bring me
bring me a chair
call the servant
come back
do not annoy me
do not forget
don't tell him
do you think?
do you understand ?
do as you please, "i
please yourself /
hat nur hena?
gib li, hat-li
hat kursi
inda el khaddam
erg'a
ma tiza'alnlsh
ma tinsiish
ma taqul-lush
inta tet'tekr? or inta tezunn?
inta fahim ? or fahemt ?
bi khatirak
69
English.
get up_
give him
give him a second one
give me [one
give me a different
give me a little of
go back [this
go more slowly
go more quickly
good evening
good morning to you !
he appealed (against
the judgment of a
Court of Justice)
he is a liar
he is drunk
he is under my
orders (hand)
he is very angry
he is ill [himself j
he learned Arabic by
he told me
hold your tongue,
(shut up) (end)
how do you do ?
how many ?
how many piastres ?
how much ?
how much do you
sell this (it) for?
how must we go
to ?
I am astonished
I am going
I am not able
I cannot (it is not
possible for me to)
I assure you
I have not
I am angry with you
I am cold
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
qum
iddih; iddl-lu
iddlh (or iddl-lu) tani
iddl-ni ; a'atini
iddl-ni wahid gheyr-u
iddl-ni shuwayah min deh
erg 'a
imshi bishweysh
imshi bil 'agal
leylt-ak sa'idah
sabah el-kheyr ! or neharak
istanaf [sa'id
huwa kaddab
huwa sakran
huwa taht 'eydi
huwa zaalan ketlr
huwa 'ayyan
t'allam el 'arabi wahid-u bi-
huwa qal-ni [nafs-u
oskut (ikhlas)
salamat ? or ez-zeykum ?
kam ? or qad eyh ?
kam qirsh ?
kam?
tibi'a deh bikam ?
'anhu et tarlq ila ?
ana mota'aggib
ana raih
ma aqdersh
ma yumkinnlsh
ana a'akid lak
ma 'andish
ana za'alan wayyak
ana bardan
70
English.
I
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
I am hungry
I am not hungry
I am tired [to it
I am not accustomed
I am wrong
I cannot
I do not care
I do not know
I do not speak the
Arabic language
I cannot learn Arabic
if you speak English
I have no appetite
I have no passport
I live at —
I never saw him
I want
I want to buy
I will not (am not
if you please [willing)
is everything ready ?
it is not necessary
it is your fault
it is not my fault
I am mistaken
it is raining hard
it is too late
it is very hot
keep to the right
knock at the door
lend me
let me help you
light the candle
light the fire
lock the door
make haste
my words have made
no impression on
him (he did not
hear my word)
oh ! how dirty you are
ana ga an
ana mush ga'an
ana t'aaban
ana ma lish 'adah flh
el haqq 'aleya
ma aqdarsh
ana ma 'ala bali
ma 'arafsh
ma atkallimsh el loghah el
'arableh
ma aqdarsh at'alim 'arabi iza
kan inta tetkallim bilingellz
ma lish nafs
ma 'andish tazkarah
ana sakin fi —
ma shuftush abadan
ana 'awiz (or 'auz, or 'ayiz)
ana 'awiz ishtiri
ana mush radi
min fadlak
kull shey hader ?
mush lazim
el-haqq 'aleyk
ana ma 'andlsh 'eyb
ana ghaltan [("shame ")
yetmattar qawi
wakhri ketir
harr ketir
khallik 'ala yimlnak
ikhbat el bab
salllf-ni
khalli-ni 'annak
walla esh shama'a
walla en-nar
iqfil al bab bilkeylun
bil-'agal
kalami ma sama'usb
ya
ma-inta wisekh
71
English.
open the door
permit me
ring the bell
shut the door
sit down, please
speak plainly
speak the truth !
take care ! no lies !
take it
tell him [straight)
tell the truth (it
thank you
that's enough !
there is no harm
they are all alike
this annoys me very
wait here [much
wait until he comes
walk slowly
we will eat
what are you doing ?
what did he say ?
what does it con-
tain ?
what do you say ?
what do you want ?
what have you got ?
what is that ? [euce ?
what is the differ-
what is the matter ?
what is the news ?
what is this ?
what is to be done ?
what is your name ?
what is your opinion?
what makes you
angry ?
what o'clock is it ?
what pay does he get?
Ababio.— Phonetic Pronunciation.
iftah el bab
ismah-li, or Izin-li
rinn el garas,
doqq el garas
iqfil el bab,
rudd el bab
itfaddal oq'od
itkallam bil'ali
qui bil haqq !
ilitazar ! ma takdibsh !
khud-u
qul-lu
qui doghri
kattar kheyrak
bass ! or bi-ziadah
ma fish darar
kullohum zey ba'ad
deh yiza'alni ketlr
istanna hena
istanna lihad ma yeygi
imshi 'ala mahlak
'auzln nakul
bit'amil eyh ?
qal eyh ?
flh eyh ?
bitqul eyh?
'auz eyh ?
eyh 'andak ?
eyh deh ?
el fark eyh ?
el khabar eyh ?
el khabar eyh ?
eysh huwa ?
el 'amal eyh?
ismak eyh ?
takhmTnak eyh ?
inta za'alan leyh ?
es sa'ah kam ?
mahlyat-u kam ?
72
English.
Arabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
what shall I do ?
where are you ?
where are you going?
where do you live ?
where is he now ?
which house is yours?
which horse will you
ride ?
will you allow me ?
will you oblige me ?
will you take this ?
who told you ?
you must go now
you are late
you are right (the")
truth is in your I
hands) J
ana a'mil izzay ?
inta feyn ?
inta raih feyn ?
inta sakin feyn ?
huwa feyn dilwaqti
anhl beyt bit'aak ?
anhu hosan tirkab ?
tismah li ?
'amil ma'artif ?
takhocl deh ?
min qal lak ?
lazim teruh dilwaqt
inta ta,akhart
el haqq bi eydak
Directions to Workmen.
ig rope
Bring a hoe
bring a basket
brin,
dig here
take from before you
take from behind you
make it wider
deeper yet
go down deeper
go down to water
go down to native
earth
go thus
take care of it
leave it complete
turn it over
do not break the
Dricks
are there mud bricks
or burnt bricks ?
hat turieh (u) ; hat fas (l)
hat ghalaq (muqtaf)
hat habl
ifhat hena
imsek min qodam
imsek min wara
'amal-u was'a ziadah
ghawlt lissa
inzel wati lissa
inzel lil moyyah
inzel lil 'ard sahih
mashi keda
bishweysh min deh (lit.,
khalllh sallm [slowly with it)
iqlib-u
ma tiksar-ush et tub
fi tub nai au tub ahmar ?
* See p. 12.
73
English.
work, oh boy !
pull ; push
turn it
come and measure
the work
but measure it
how much are the
wages ?
the work is by the day
,, „ measure
this is very tough
I cannot lift it up
it is needful to have
more men
ornament (-ed)
inscription (inscribed)
mound of ruins
potsherds
cemetery
grave
Aeabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
ishtaghal ya walad
shield or shil (carry)
dauwar-u
ta'ala qls esh-shoghl
m'teqls-u
el ograh kam ?
esh shoghl bil yom
,, ,, bil qias
deh yabis khalas
ma aqdarsh ashll-u
lazim nas ziadah
rasm (mersum)
kitabah (maktub)
kom, or tell
shuqf
gabbanah
turbah, plu. turab
Travel Talk. — Arrival.
I want a boat
this is not big enough
for us
no 1 it will not do
can you take our
luggage with you?
certainly, sir [porter
I will bring you a
he can carry the lot by
himself; he is strong
he has a cart, too
there is first the cus-
tom-house exami-
nation [carriage
we will go in the
'auz wahed felukkah
deh mush keblr bil kifayah
'ala shan-na
la ! ma yenf ash
teqdar takhod el 'afsh bit'a-
na wayyak?
ommal ya sldi* !
aglb lak wahed shayyal
yeqdar yesbll kullu bi nafs-u ;
huwa gad'af [karro
'andu kaman wahed 'arableh
auwalan fi taftlsh el gumruk
ehna neruh fil 'arableh
* Ommal corresponds to "Katherl I should think so."
t Gacl'a (lit., brave). Used politely when calling out to any man,
especially in the streets, to make way.
74
English.
you must come with
us [fare is
tell me how much the
how much is the fare
to the station?
each person four
piastres [much ?
and the porter, how
he is entitled to ask
two piastres, and
is asking for baq-
shish because it is
hot and the lug-
gage is heavy
is the luggage correct?
eleven pieces
you left one in the
steamer
you must send the
porter to enquire
about it
there ! [by God] I
quite forgot it, sir
[0 my master]
thank goodness ! —
someone is bring-
ing it now
Akabic.— Phonetic Pronunciation.
lazim inta teygi wayya-na
qul-li el ograh bi kam
bi kam el ograh lil mahattah?
kul shakhs arb'aa qurush
wa'sh shayyal, kam ?
haqq-u [his right] qirsh-
eyn, wa huwa biyet-
lob baqshlsh 'ala shan
harr ketlr wa'l 'afsh
teqll
el 'afsh tamam ?
had'ashra hittah*
inta fut wahedah fil wabiir
lazim tirsel esh-shayyal yis.al
'an-u
w'allah ! ana neslt-u khalas
ya sidi
el hamdu l'illah 1 fi had
biyeglb-u dilwaqti
The Railway.
Is the station far?
no ; a quarter of an
hour's distance only
whendoesthetraingo?
in half-an-hour
anyhow, it will not
start before the
mails come [then
we need not hurry
el mahattah ba'id ?
la ; masafah rob'a s'aah bass
el wabur yesafir imta ?
b'ad [after] nuss sa'ah
'ala kulli hal ma yesafirsb
qabli ma teygi el bosta
mush lazim nist'agil baqa
Hittah (sing.). Beyond ten the singular is always «"-ed.
75
English.
please go and get
the tickets
I want four first-class
there is a ticket short
never mind ! I will
bring you another
and the money ; is it
right ?
one piastre is bad
[by the life of your
father] I swear it
is good [only old
you are right, it is
1 would like to ask
the interpreter
there is no need to
I will ascertain from
him, all the same
the luggage goes with
out extra charge
no ! I have paid 15
piastres ; here's
the receipt [journey
I wish you a good
you are travellers
how long have you
been in Egypt ?
we arrived only to-
day [Cairo ?
are you going to
we shall stay there
four days waiting
for the steamer
it is not enough ;
you require 2 or
3 weeks at least
our intention is to
see everything be-
fore we go back to
England
Ababic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
min fadlak ruh wa gib et
tazakir [ula
'auz arb'aa mehellat daragah
fi tazkarah naqes
m'aleysh I agib lak kaman
wahedah
w'al filus, tarn am? [complete]
wahed qirsh batal
wa hayat abuk ! huwa tayyib
lak haqq, huwa qadim bass
ana biddi is,a,l et terguman
ma fish lezum
ana istafhem min-u bardu
el 'afsh yeriih ballash
la ana dof 'aat khamast'ashrah
qirsh ; ah6 el wasl
[safety)
m'a es salamah I (lit. with
hadr^tkum musafirln
baqa lakum kam yom fi berr
Masr?
wasalna en nehar deh bass
intum rayhin fi Masr ?
noqod henak arb'at eyyam,
mustannln el wabur
ma yekflsh ; lazim aqall
guma'ateyn telatah
qasdena neshuf kullu qabli
ma nirg'a fil bilad el
ingellz
76
English.
good ; perhaps I
shall see you when
you return from
Upper Egypt
please God !
Akabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation.
kway-Is ; insha,allah ashuf-
kum lamma tirga'u min es
Sa'id
insha.allah 1
An Excursion.
Wake me early in
the morning
we are going to see the
Pyramids to-morrow
do you want me to get
the donkeys ready?
perhaps we shall go
in a carriage, but
anyhow we shall
take food with us
yes, sir ; everything
will be all right
you must take the
necessaries for tea
the teapot, the spirit,
matches and every-
thing must be
wrapped in paper
I have wrapped up
everything and put
it into the basket
we can buy oranges
and melons on the
way [the wine
good ; do not forget
we want to go up the
Pyramids
just as you wish, sir
it is not difficult, but
it tires one
I will bring two men
to go up with you
this is not necessary
saln-ni badri es subh
elma rayhln neshuf el ahram
bukra
hadretak 'auz in-ni ahaddar
el hemir?
yumkin neruh fi 'arableh,
walakin 'ala kulli 1ml
nakhod akl wayya-na
hadir ya sidi, kulli shey
yibqa tamam
lazim takhod el ashya el
lowazimah li shai
el abiiq, es sbirit, kabrlt, wa
lazim kullu yitlaff fi waraq
ana laffeyt kullu wa hotteyt-u
fil qafas
yumkinna nishteri bortoqan
wa shammam (or batlkh)
wa ehna fi sikkah
tayyib ; ma tinsash en nebld
biddinna nitl'a el ahram
[effendim
zey ma terld (or keyfak),
deh mush sa'ab, walakin
yit'ab el insan (man)
aglb ragileyn yitl'au wayya
hadretak
deh mush daruri
77
English.
Ababic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
I ani strong and can
go up alone [once
get the tea ready at
the horse is going
lame, and is very
tired
the driver is beating
the horse without
any reason
he knows his business
he is not cruel
another time I will
take someone else
they are all alike
have you made an
account of what
you have spent ?
On
I have seen the da-
habieh, and it is a
very fine boat
have you brought all
the luggage down ?
have you brought the
vegetables and mut-
ton, fowls and eggs ;
also provisions for
the crew ?
if the wind is not
enough, we must
use the oars [tiful
the weather is beau-
can we land and see
the town after
sunset ?
as you wish, sir;
but the people
here are bad
we are not afraid
ana ganiid wa aqdar atl'a bi
nafs-i
haddar esh shai halan
el hosan biy 'urog wa ta'aban
ketir
el arbaggi biyidrab el hosan
bidun sabab
y'araf shoghl-u
Luwa mush qasi
tani marrah akhod waked
gheyr-u
kullohum zey ba'ad
'amilt hisab min el felus
(money) illi saraft-u ?
the Nile.
ana shuft ed dahableh wa
hiya merkeb 'aal
nazzalt kul el 'afsh ?
ishtereyt el khodarat wa lahm
dani, wa firakh wa beyd;
wa t'ayyinat lil merakbleh
iza kan el hauwa (or er rih)
mush kafi, lazim nist-
'aamil el maqadlf
el hauwa kway-Is
yumkmna ninzel neshuf el
balad deb, b'ad el magh-
reb?
zey ma tend hadretak, wala-
kin en nas hen*- batalln
ehna mush khaifin
78
English.
if you walk on this
side of the town,
there is no objec-
tion [boat is !
I wonder where the
there it is, south of
the town, on the
east bank
to-morrow we will go
shooting together
there are pigeons
and quail and some-
times sandgrouse
I want someone to
carry the cartridges
and the basket with
the food
you will keep (walk-
ing) on the right
and I in the middle
quail are always to
be found in the
wheat
you keep behind me
and be silent [for it
I hit it; go and look
I am tired, and it is
very late [luck
we have had good
it is nearly six, and
we are hungry
the Berberines are
good fellows, and
thoroughly acquain-
ted with the river
certainly, they work
hard, and are not
lazy [their pay
they are asking for
it is not due yet
Ababic.— Phonetic Pronunciation.
iza timshi nahayadeh min el
balad, ma fish ba,as
el merkeb feyn ya tara !
ah6, qibli min el balad, 'ala
taraf esh sharqi
bukra neruh lis-seyd saua
saua
fl hammam wa siman wa
ba'ad el ahyan qatt'a
'auz wahed ragil yeshll el
fishenk wa'l qafas bil akl
tekun inta mashi 'ala el
yemin wa ana fil wust
es siman tamalli maugudln
fi'l qamh
khallik wara-ni wa oskot
ana slbt-u ; ruh dauwar 'aleyh
ana t'aaban wa wakhri ketlr
bakhtena (our luck) tayyib
sa'ah sitteh taqrlban wa ehna
ga'anln
el Barabra nas (people)
tayyibin wa 'arifln el bahr
bil kullleh
ma'alum, yishtaghalu giddan
wa mush kaslanln
[bit'a^thum
humma talibln el mahlyah
lissa mush wafa
79
English.
that is true, but they
want to buy things
for the fantasia
if this is the case
there is no objec-
tion
they are very pleased;
and I too would
like to serve you
all my life
perhaps we will go
together another
time
please God I will go
south with your
excellency next
year
will you give me a
testimonial, please?
God keep you !
good-bye !
Arabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
sahlh, walakin bidduhum
yishteru hagat lil fantasleh
fl haza el lial, ma fish
man'a
humma mabsutin khalas ;
wa ana kaman 'auz
akhdam hadretak tul
'umr-i
yumkin neruh saua saua
marrah taniah
insha,allah aruh qibli wayya
jenabakes senah illi gay ah
tiddl-ni shehadah min fadlak?
allah yahfazak
m'a es salamah
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
Weight.
144 dirhem make 1 rotl or pound = -99 lb. av. English.
400 dirhem „ 1 oqqa = 2*75 ,,
100 rotl „ lkantar =99-05 „
Length
1 pik (the principal measure'
for cloth and silk)
1 qasab
26-8 in.
= 11 ft. 7'7Gin.
> »
Surface.
400 square qasab make 1 feddan,
or acre ... ... ... =1 acre 6 rods ,,
Capacity.
24 rub'a make 1 ardeb ... =5-44 bushels ,,
N.B.— The metric system is commonly used for weight and length.
80
EGYPTIAN MONEY.
Egyptian Value. Systematic Name.
1 Millieme
10 Milliemes 1 Piastre or Qirsh
English Valuk.
= id.
= 2ja.
AKABIC NAME.
Egyptian
Monet."
English
Money.
American
Money.
Piastres.
Mill'mes.
£
s.
d.
Dols.
Cents
Gold Coins.
Giney Masri (the }
Egyptian pound) j
Nuss Giney
100
50
1000
500
1
10
6
3
5
2
50
Silver Coins.
Riydl Masri ...
20
200
—
4
1
1
—
Nuss Riyal
10
100
—
'2
3
5
—
50
Bub' a Riydl ...
Qirsheyn
Qirsh (Piastre)
5
2
1
50
20
10
—
1
3
10
5
21
^2
—
25
5
5
Nickel Coins.
Nuss Qirsh
2 Milliemes
i
2
2
TO
5
2
—
—
1
1
2
—
2
1
1 Millieme
1
10
1
1
4=
i
There are Copper pieces of \ and \ Millieme
(2-Para and 1-Para pieces); these are used only by
the very poor.
Note. — English tourists are recommended to have their
credit notes cashed in English Gold. The following
are valued as under : —
The English Sovereign (£1) =
The French Napoleon (20f.) =
Piastres. Milliemes.
97.5
77.li
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CHINESE. DANISH,
Net
Chinese Self-Taught (Thimm's System) in Chinese and Roman
Characters by J. DARROCH, D.Lit., Chairman of the
Executive Committee of the Educational Association of China.
Containing Syllabary and Pronunciation as spoken by the
]\lad rins and Official Class, Comparative Sound Table,
Phonetic Values of Vowels used, Classified Vocabularies, Con-
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The Numerals, Money with English and American Values,
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Trading, Cycling, Photographic, Shooting and Fishing Terms;
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DUTCH. EGYPTIAN.
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Travellers' Practical Manual of Conversation.
No. 2 (Marlborough's) English, French, German and DUTCH,
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Conversations for Railway, Steamer, Customs, Hotel, Shopping,
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Egyptian (Arabic) Self-Taught, by C. A. THIMM. Revised and
Enlarged by Major S. Marriott, D.S.O. Contains Alphabet and
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London: £. MARLBOROUGH & CO., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.C,
6 ENGLISH.
ENGLISH. Net
English Commercial Correspondence for Home and Abroad, by
Wm. CHEVOB-MAURICE A.I.L., London. Containing
Commercial Phrases and Letters with Introductory Notes and
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ENGLISH for the FRENCH. GERMANS. ITALIANS and SPANISH .
L' Anglais sans Maitre (English Self-Taught for the FRENCH),
. MethodeThimm. parfvl.H HliBERT. (Jinquieme edition, Revue
et agtandie. Avec la prononciation de tous les mots, pour appren-
dre la langue Angiaise soi-meme Vocabulaires, La Grammaire
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Der Englische Dolmetscher (English Self-Taught for GERMANS),
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tenent'e: Vocabolari, Parole e Frasi di Conversazi ne, La Gram-
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ENGLISH (contd.). ESPERANTO. FINNISH. 7
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French Technical Words and Phrases, by J. A. STANDRING
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Toujours Pret, by Toreau de MARNEY the Ideographic French
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Travellers' Practical Manual of Conversation.
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GERMAN {coritd.). 13
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Traveller's Practical Manual of Conversation.
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subjects arranged alphabetically. The Numerals, Weights and
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Niederrhein. 2nd Edition. 12mo., cloth ... ... ... ... 1/0
Der todteGast,by Heinrich ZSCHOKKE. Novelle. 2ndEdition.
F'cap. 8vo., cloth .... 1/0
"This selection has met with great success. The idea has been to
choose only such as are in themselves excellent and entertaining."
— Preface.
Fabeln [Fables in prose and verse.] , by LESSING.
With English Notes by A. E. Hill. F'cap. 8vo., cloth 1/0
" Of a classic simplicity. Text-book for Government Examinations."
The following GERMAN PLAYS are specially adapted for School Reading,
and may be tasily acted. With English Notes by A. E. HILL.
Der Blumenkranz. Der Eierdieb, by Christolph von SCHMID.
12mo., paper wrapper ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9d.
Die Erdbeeren unci Der kleine Kaminfeger, by Christolph von
SCHMID 12mo., paper wrapper 9d.
Emma, oder die kindhche Liebe, by Christolph von SCHMID.
12mo., paper wrapper ... ... ... .. ... 9d.
GREEK (Modern).
Greek (Modern) Self-Taught (Tliimm's System. In Greek
and ltunian Characters). By Nicolaos Art AST ASS i OU,
Bacuelier d.pldnie du College Grec de Halki. With
Pnrases and Dialogues; Elementary Grammar; Commercial,
Trading, Archaeological and llehyious Terms; Travel Talk;
Fhotogiapl.y ; Amusements; Tables of Money with English
London: E. MARLUOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, fc.C.
GREEK {Modern) (oontd.) HINDUSTANI 15
Net
and American values and illustration of Gresk Coinage;
Weights and Measures. Third Euition. 1916.
Crown 8vo., 120 pp., blue wrapper ... ... ... 2/0
Do. do., red cloth ... ... ... ... ... ... 2/6
"Greek (Mortem) Self -Taught The book gives the words of the purist
as well as of the popular sneeeh. The latter will he very serviceable
for travellers in Greece. The former we recommend to candidates for
Smails. — Of ford Maijazine.
"The vocabularies and dialogues are exactly what the beginner needs,
arid tbose whose class cal Greek is getting a little rusty will rind this
little volu'iie delightfully fresh and interesting, recalling a meat deal
that they had nearly forgotten. Krp rtn Cre le. We have tried it our-
selves and can heartily recommend it. — The Presbiiler.an.
Modern Greek Grammar, by VLACHOS. (See page 23).
HINDUSTANI.
Hindustani Self-Taught, by Capt. C. A. THIMM in Roman
characters. Hindustani Text Revised by Professor J. F. Blum-
hardt, m.a., m.r.a.s., Professor of Hindustani at the London
University. With English Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing
Vocabularies; Conversations; Colloquial and Idiomatic Phrases ;
Travel Talk; Naval, Military, Legal, Judicial. Religious. Com-
mercial, Shooting and Pishing Terms ; Indian Titles, Castes and
Servants; Tables of Money, Weights and Measures, &c.
Fifth Edition. 1915. Crown 8vo., 112pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0
Do. do., red cloth 2/6
" It is sufficient to sav that this clear and concise little work on Hindu-
stani is we 1 up to the high standard of those which have preceded it . . .
the book should prove of the greatest value."— The Statesman, Calcutta.
Hindustani Grammar Self-Taught, by Capt. C. A. THIMM.
Revised _ by • SHAMS'UL 'ULAMA SAYYID 'ALI
BILGRAMI, m.a. Cantab., ll.b., Assoc, r.s.m. London, m.r.a.s.
Containing: I. A Simplified Grammar. Alphabet, Rules of
Grammar, and Parts of Speech, &c. II. Exercises and Examin-
ation Papers, Reading Lessons, with Translations. III. The
Vernacular, Hindustani Penmanship, Phrases, Extracts from
Classical (Urdu) Authors. IV. Key and Dictionary of Words, &c.
Third Edition. 1916. Crown 8vo., 120 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0
Do. do., red cloth 2/6
"The essential points and rules of Hindustani Grammar are admirably
showu in a concise and simple form." — Madras Mail.
Hindustani Self-Taught and Grammar (in one volume). Crown
8vo., 232 p.p., red cloth 5/0
London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, EX.
16 HUNGARIAN. ITALIAN.
HUNGARIAN. Net
Hungarian Self-Taught (Thimm's System) by the COUNT de
SOISSONS. With Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing The
Alphabet, Preliminary Notes*, Vocabularies, Elementary Grammar,
Etymology, Modes of Address, Conversational Phrases and
Sentences", Travel Talk, Commercial and Trading, Legal, Religious
Terms and Phrases, Cycling, Photography, Amusements, Money
with illustration of Hungarian Coinage and English and American
values, Weights and Measures, Postal Rates, &c. lyiO.
Crown 8vo., 112 pp., blue wrapper 2/0
Do. do., red cloth ... ... ... ... ... ••• 2/6
ITALIAN.
Italian Self-Taught (Thimm's System). Entirely new and
enlarged edition. Revised hy G. DALLA VECCHIA. For
learning the langUHge by the Natural Method, with Phonetic
Pronunciation. Containing Alphabet and Pronunciation, Notes
on Articles, Gender, Accent, &c. ; Classified Vocabularies; Con-
versational Phrases and Sentences; Travel Talk; Commercial,
Trading, Naval and Military Terms, Amusements, Motoring,
Cycling, Photography, Musical Terms, Tables of Money with
English and American Values, Weights and Measures, and
illustration of Italian Coinage. 1911. Crown 8vo., 152 pp.,
blue wrapper ... ... ... ... ... ••• ••• ••• 1/0
Do. do., red cloth ... ... ... ... ... ... 1/6
Italian Grammar Self- Taught. By A. C. PANAGULLI,
Principal of the London School of Italian. Containing Alphabet,
the Double Consonants, Pronunciation, Accent, the Apostrophe,
the Definite Article, Use of the Articles ; the Substantive, Gender ;
the Adjective; Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers; Indefinite
Adjectives and Pronouns; Auxiliary, Regular, and Irregular
Verbs. Synoptical Table of the Three Conjugations. Reading
Lessons. Idiomatic Expressions. Alphabetical Vocabulary. 1916.
Crown 8vo., 101 pp., blue wrapper 1/0
Do. do., cloth 1/6
Key to Exercises. By A. C. PANAGULLI. Crown 8vo.,
U2 Dp., blue wrapper ... ... ... ... ••• ••• ••• 6d.
Italian Self- Taught and Grammar with Key. By G. DALLA
VECCHIA and A. C. PANAGULLI. In one volume.
Crown 8vo., 285 pp., green cloth 3/6
Italian by Home Study. The above set of three books banded
together in blue wrapper ... 2/6
Italian and English Commercial Correspondence, by E. S.
ROMERO-TODESCO and W. CHEVOB MAURICE,
a.i.l., London. Containing Model Phiases, Letters, Enquiries
relating to Goods, Offers of Goods, Orders and their Execution,
London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.C.
ITALIAN (contd.). JAPANESE. 17
Net
Shipping Correspondence, Agencies, Situations, Financial Credit,
Insurance of Goods. Finance — Market Reports with Phrases.
Announcements. Letters of Introduction. Complaints and
Claims relating to Gocds. Drafts, Inland and Foreign. Com-
mercial Terms and Abbreviations. Tables of Money, Weights
and Measures, &c, &c. 1913.
Demy 8vo., 12S pp., fawn wrapper ... ... ... ... ... 1/0
Do. do., cloth ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1/6
'Tan hardly fail to prove of value in connection with commercial
correspondence."— Shipping Gazette d- Lloyds List.
Traveller's Practical Manual of Conversation.
No 1 (Marlborough's) English, French, German & ITALIAN,
in one book. Containing Travel Notes (Customs, Cycling, Motoring,
&c), Tables of Money, Pronunciation, Classified Conversations,
subjects arranged alphabetically. The Numerals, Weights and
Measures, Washing List, Dictionary of Words in daily use.
4th Edition, 1914. Crn.l2mo, 152 pp., round corners, red wrap. 1/0
Do., do. , green cloth, round corners ... ... ... 1/6
Do., do., leather, round corners, with tuck-in flap ... 2/6
Italian Washing Book, byC. A. THIMM : for Ladies, Gentlemen,
and Families. Counterfoils in English, alphabetically arranged
Demy 8vo., dark red wrapper ... ... ... .-. ... ... 6d.
Japanese Self-Taught [Thimm's System In Roman Characters],
by W. J. S. SHAND, late Director, School of Japanese Language
and Literature, London. With English Phonetic Pronunciation.
Containing The Syllabary ; Classified Vocabularies and Conver-
sations; Travelling, Commercial and Trading, Naval, Military
and Religious Terms and Phrases; the Numerals; Money
with illustration of Japanese coinage, Weights and Measures,
Postage, &c. Second Edition. 1915. Crown 8vo., 96 pp.,
blue wrapper ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2/0
Do. do., red cloth 2/6
Japanese Grammar Self-Taught, by H. J. WEINTZ in Roman
Characters. Containing : I. Grammar and Syntax, with
Pronunciation, Native Japanese characters, &c. II. Exercises and
Extracts. 1. Exercises for Translation, with Key. 2. Reading
Exercises, with Pronunciation and Translation. 3. Japanese
Extracts, with Key. III. Vocabularies (alphabetical), Japanese-
English and English-Japanese, Money, Weights and Measures.
Second Edition. 1907. Crown 8vo., 184 pp., blue wrapper ... 4/0
Do. do., red cloth 5/0
"It is luminous without being too elaborate ... It is, in fine, the best
bit of scholastic work that we have met with for a very long time." —
Coal and Iron.
Japanese Self-Taught and Grammar, in one volume. Cloth... 7/6
London; E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, EC.
18 LATIN. NORWEGIAN. PERSIAN.
Net
Latin Self-Taught (Thimm's System), by J. TOPHAM (Barrister-
at-Law). For learning the language by the natural method. With
Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing Classified Vocabularies;
Numerals ; Medical. Prescriptional, Dispensing, Legal and
Religious Terms and Phrases; Quotations, Inscriptions, Mottoes,
Proverbs, etc., etc. Grammar, Construing, AbbreviationsfDegrees,
Titles, Distinctions, etc.). Second Edition. 1915. Crn. 8vo,
144 pp., blue wrapper ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1/0
Do. do., red cloth ... ... ... 1/6
" The vocabularies appear to be well assorted, the grammar is concise
and sufficient, and the phrases, oidiuary and professional, including
medical, will be found useful." — The Lancet.
NORWEGIAN.
Norwegian Self-Taught, by C. A. THIMM. Revised and En-
larged by P. Th. HANSSEN. With Phonetic Pronunciation.
Containing Vocabularies, Elementary Grammar, Conversations,
Phrases and Sentences, Forms of Letters, Commercial, Legal and
Religious Terms, Travel Talk, Motoring, Cycling, Photography,
Fishing, Shooting, Amusements, Money with illustration of
Norwegian coinage and English and American values, Weights
and Measures. Fifth Edition. 1912. Crown 8vo., 128 pp.,
blue wrapper ... ... ... . . ... ... ... ... 2/0
Do. do., red cloth ... ... ... ... ... ... 2/6
"It contains just those words which are likely to prove useful to
a traveller in Norway. The phrases are many and convenient, and
wherever a Norwegian word is used its pronunciation is given under
a simple system, so that che reader Should have no difficulty in pro-
nouncing the word so as to be understood." — The Lancet.
Norwegian Washing Book, by C. A. THIM M : for Ladies, Gentle-
men, and Families. Counterfoils in English, alphabetically
arranged. Demy 8vo., dark red wrapper ... ... ... ••• 6d.
PERSIAN.
Persian Self-Taught, by SHEYKH HASAN. In Roman
Characters], with English Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing
The Persian Alphabet, Transliteration and Pronunciation ;
Outline of Grammar with Persian Characters; Classified Vocabu-
laries and Conversations ; Travel Talk ; Trade and Commerce ;
Post Office and Correspondence; Illustration of the Persian
Coinage; Persian Handwriting; The Numerals, Money with
English and American values, Weights and Measures. 1909.
Crown 8vo., 9G pp., blue wrapper ... ... ... ••• ••• 2/0
— Do., do., red cloth ... ... ... ... ••• ••• 2,6
" This is a most welcome addition to the ' Self-Taught Srrie&.' Those
who de-t're to acquire a colloquial and practical knowledge, and to all
such \w gladly recommend this very useful little book."— Tlia Parsi,
B'imba .
London: E. MARLBOROUGH &. Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.C.
PORTUGUESE. RUSSIAN. SINHALESE. 19
PORTUGUESE. Net
Portuguese Self-Taught (Thimm's System), by E. da CUNHA.
With Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing Vocabularies,
Elementary Grammar, Conversational Phrases and Sentences,
Commercial, Trading, Legal, and Religious Terms, Travel Talk,
Cycling, Motoring, Photography, Amusements, Tables of Money,
Weights and Measures, Ac. Skcond Edition. 1912. Crown 8vo.,
120 pp., blue wrapper 2/0
Do. do., red cloth 2/6
Portuguese Washing Book, by E da CUNHA : for Ladies, Gentle-
men & Families. Counterfoils in English. Demy 8vo., wrapper 6d.
Portuguese Grammar, by L. de CABANO (See page 23.)
RUSSIAN.
Russian Self-Taught, by C. A. THIMM and J. MARSHALL, m.a.
In Russian and Koman Characters. With English Phonetic
Pronunciation Containing Vocabularies of words in general
use; Elementary Grammar; Colloquial and Idiomatic Phrases;
Travel Talk; Cycling, Photographic, Shooting, Fishing, Naval,
Military, Commercial and Trading Terms and Conversations;
Tables of Money with illustration of Russian coinage and
English and American values, Weights and Measures.
Fifth Edition. 1915. Crown 8vo., 134 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0
Do. do., red cloth 2/6
Russian Washing Book, by C. A. THIMM: for Ladies, Gentle-
men & Families. Counterfoils in English. Demy 8vo., wrapper 6d
Russian Grammar, by F. ALEXANDROW. (See page 23.)
Russian & English Dialogues, by F. ALEXANDROW cloth ... 2/0
Sinhalese.
Sinhalese Self-Taught, by Don M. de Zilva WICKREMASIN-
GHE,M.A.,Epigcaphist to theCeyion Government. lnSinhalese&
Roman characters, with the English Phonetic Pronunciation.
Containing the Sinhalese Alphabet, with transliteration and
phonetic signs used; Ci-i sified Vocabularies and Conversations;
Outline of Grammar; Terms and Phrases for Travel, Commerce,
Planting, Public Works, Fishing and Shooting, &c; Numerals,
Money, Weights and Measures, Postal Rates. 1916.
Crown 8vo, 119 pages, blue wrapper 2/0
Do. do., red cloth £/6
London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.C
20 SPANISH. SWEDISH.
Net
Spanish Self-Taught (Thimm's System). Entirely new and enlarged
edition, llevised by ANDRES J. R. V. GARCIA (Principal o
the Garcia School of Languages. For learning the language by the
Natural Method, with Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing
Alphabet and Pronunciation, Notes on Articles, Gender, Accent,
&c, Classified Vocabularies, Conversational Phrases and Sen-
tences, Correspondence, Travel Talk, Commercial, Naval and
Military Terms, Amusements, Motoring, Cycling, Photography,
Tables of Moneys with English and American Values, Weights
and Measures. Illustration of Spanish Coinage. Vocabularies
for Canary Islands. 1916. Crown 8vo., 152 pp., blue wrapper 1/0
Do. do., red cloth 1/6
Spanish Grammar Self-Taught, by A. J.R.V. GARCIA. Contain-
ing the Alphabet and Pronunciation, Notes on Accent, Punctua-
tion, Capitals, &c.,&c; thirty-five Lessons, consisting of clearly
sta'^d Rules of Grammar, with abundant exemplary Sentences,
Vocabularies, and Exercises in translation into Spanisli ; also a
very full, alphabetical, English-Spanish Vocabulary of the words
used in the Exercises. 1917. Crown 8vo. , blue wrapper ... 1/0
Do. do., red cloth 1/6
Key to Spanish Grammar Self-Taught. Crown 8vo, blue wrapper 6d-
Spanish Self-Taught and Grammar with Key. In one volume.
Crown 8vo., green cloth ... ... ... ••• ••• ■•• 3/6
Spanish by Home Study. (Three books, banded together: Spanish
Self-Taught, Grammar, and Key.) Crown 8vo., blue wrapper ... 2/9
Spanish and English Commercial Correspondence, by D.
SALVO With Phraseology, Alphabetical List of Merchandise,
Commercial Terms, and Tables of Money, Weights and Measures,
for Commercial Institutions and for practical use in the Counting
House Revised and Enlarged Edition. 1909. Demy 8vo.,
fawn wrapper 1/6
Do. do., cloth 1/6
Spanish Grammar, by D. SALVO (See page 23.)
Spanish and English Dialogues (New) by TOLRA y FORNES
and D. BOWMAN, cloth 2/0
Spanish Washing Book, by C. A. THIMM : for Ladies, Gentle-
men & Families. Counterfoils in English. Demy 8vo., wrapper 6d.
SWEDISH.
Swedish Self-Taught, by C. A. THIMM & W. F. HARVEY, ma.
Revised by Carl Cederlof, with English Phonetic Pro-
nunciation. Containing Classified Vocabularies, Colloquial and
Idiomatic Phrases and Conversations; Elementary Grammar
Travel Talk; Cycling Photographic, Shooting, Fishing, Money,
London :E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.C.
SWEDISH {contd.). TAMIL. 21
Net
with English and American Values and Illustration of Swedish
Coinage ; Weights and Measures
Second Edition. 1908. Crown 8vo., 100 pp., blue wrapper 2/0
Do. do., red cloth 2/6
" A student could easily make considerable headway with Swedish,
even in the absence of a living instructor."— The Schoolmaster.
Swedish Grammar, by C. LENSTROM (Seepage 23.)
Swedish and English Dialogues, by C. LENSTROM, cloth ... 2/0
Swedish Washing Book, by C. A. THIMM : for Ladies, Gentle-
men, & Families. Counterfoils in English. Demy 8vo., wrapper 6d.
" A great boon to families and others."— WeUlon's Ladies' Journal.
TJLMIL.
Tamil Self-Taught, by Don M. de Zilva WICKREM ASINGHE,
Epigraphist to the Ceylon Government. In Roman characters,
with English Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing The
Alphabet ; Classified Vocabularies and Conversations ; English-
Tamil Alphabetical Vocabulary; Travelling, Commercial,
Official, Planting, Shooting and Fishing Terms and Phrases ;
Numerals, Money, Weights and Measures.
Second Edition. 1911. Crown 8vo., 96 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0
Do., do., red cloth ... ... ... ... ••• ••• 2/6
"For ourselves, we think it a capital little introduction to the study of
the language, which should prove exceedingly useful to planters and
others "—The Ceylon Church Missionary Gleaner.
" We have pleasure in recommending the book to students, officers,
civil servants, traders, travellers, and all others who desire to acquire
an excellent grounding in Tamil."— Ceylon Catholic Messenger.
Tamil Grammar Self-Taught, by Don M. Zilva de WICKRE-
MASINGHE. In Tamil and Roman Characters. Containing
I. — Grammar and Syntax. Alphabet and Pronunciation. Tamil
Characters Transliteration. Parts of Speech. Rules of Syntax.
II. — Exercises in Tamil and English, with Key. III.— Tamil-
English Vocabulary, Alphabetically arranged. 1906.
Crown 8vo., 120 pp., blue wrapper ... ... ... ... ■•• 4/0
Do. do., red cloth 5/0
"Is a great improvement on any attempt of the kind which has pre-
ceded it, and will without the slightest doubt be found very uselul by
anyone wishing to take up Tamil, either merely for acquiring a col-
loquial and conversational knowledge of it. or with the intention of
entering udou a thorough study of the language and its literature. The
book is miles ahead of anything that has been attempted in this direc-
tion before." — The Times of Ceylon.
Tamil Self-Taught and Grammar. In one volume. Crown 8vo.,
216 pp., red cloth 7/6
" With these two volumes the English student should be able to obtain
a fair mastery of the Tamil language, even without a teacher."— Ceylon
Observer.
London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.C.
24 SELECTED DICTIONARIES.
Selected Dictionaries.
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ARABIC.
•BADGER (G. P). English- Arabic Lexicon. Imperial 4to. Net £5/4/
•LANE (E. W.). Arabic-English Lexicon, derived from the
best and most copious Eastern sources. Eight vols. Royal 4to.,
cloth. £10. The set offered for Net £4/4
•SALMON E (H. A.). Arabic-English Dictionary, with English
Index. Twovols. Post 8vo., cloth Net36/0
•STh.INGASS (Dr. P.). Students' Arabic-English Dictionary.
Demy 8vo., cloth 50/0
• English-Arabic Dictionary, in Arabic characters and
transliterated. Demy 8vo., cloth 28/0
*WOR TABET (W. S.) Arabic-English Dictionary(in Arabic and
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•JUDSON (A.), STEVENSON (R. C). Burmese-English
Dictionary. Royal 8vo. Net 27/6
• English Burmese Half-bound Net 27/6
• PHIinNEV (P. D.) and EVELETH (Rev. P. H.).
English- Burmese and Burmese-English Pocket Dic-
tionary. Oblong 8vo., cloth Net 6/0
CHINESE.
•GOODRICH (C). Chinese-English Pocket Dictionary, and
Pekingese Syllabary Small 8vo, half-bound Net 7/6
•H1LL1ER (Sir W.), KC.M.G..O.B. English-Chinese Pocket
Dictionary oi Peking, colloquial. Ryl. 16mo., cloth ... Net 16/0
•POLETTI (P.). Chinese and English Dictionary, arranged
according to Radicals and Sub-Radicals Roy. 8vo, half-bound Net 20/0
•SOOTHILL (W. E.). Pocket Chinese-English Dictionary, in
Chinese characters ... ... ... ... ... ... Net 8/0
DANISH— NORWEGIAN.
•BRYNILDSEN'S English - Dano - Norwegian Dictionary
Crown 8vo., cloth Net 12/6
•LARSEN'b Danish-Norwegian-English Net 12/6
•MAGMUSSEN (J.). Danish-Norwegian-English. 8vo.,
cloth Net 3/6
* English-Danish-Norwegian. 8vo. cloth ... Net 3/6
E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., 31, Old Bailey, London, E.C
SELECTED DICTIONARIES. 25
DUTCH.
•BRUGGENCATE (K. Ten.) English-Dutch and Dutch-
English Dictionary. 2 vols., cloth. Net 13/6
•HOSbh ELD'S English-Dutch and Dutch-English Diction-
ary- l^rno., cloth Net 3/0
•KRAMER (J.i. Pocket Dictionary of the English-Dutch and
Dutch-English Langua-e. 16mo. Cloth Net 4/6
QUANJER (Th. A.). English-Dutch and Dutch-English
Pocket Dictionary. 32mo., cloth Net 1/6
ENGLISH.
ANNANDALE'S (C.) Concise English Dictionary, Literary,
Scientific, Etymological and Pronouncing. F'cap 4to., cloth ... 3/6
BARWICK (G.P.), b.a. and TRUELOVE (E.H.) Pocket Pro-
nouncing Dictionary ot the English Language, wiih copious
Appendices. (" The E.P.G. Pocket Series.") 32mo., cloth Net 1/0
BLACKIE'S Standard Shilling Dictionary, with numerous
Appendices. Moneys of the World, Weights and Measures, &c.
Crown 8vo., cloth Net 1/4
CASSELL'S English Dictionary, containing upwards of 100,000
Words and Phrases. Crown 8vo., cloth Net 4/0
CHAMBERS' Etymological Dictionaiy of the English Lan-
guage. Pronouncing, Explanatory. Crown 8vo., 694 passes,
cloth Net 1/3
20th Century Dictionary. Pronouncing, Explanatory,
Etymological. Wiih illustrations, 1,200 pages. Demy 8vo., cloth 3/6
J-bound Net 5/0
English Dictionary (Large Type). 1,302 pages. Imp.
8vo., cloth Net 12/6
^-Morocco Net 18/0
COLLINS' "Graphic" English Dictionary. 1,302 pages, cloth
extra Net 3/6
" Home " English Dictionary. Largest type 1/- net
Dictionary in the World. 40,000words. Crown 8vo., 720 pages Net 1/3
"Gem" Pocket Pronouncing Dictionary. Size2£x4^.
608 pages. Long grain roan, red edges, round corners ... Net 1/0
DAWSON (A. H.) Dictionary of English Slai g and Col
loquialisms. 32mo.,lthr. (Miniature Reference Library) Net 1/0
NUTTALL'S Standard Dictionary of the English Language,
Revised by Rev. J. WOOD. 100,000 references, with Pronuncia-
tion. Large Crown 8vo., cloth ... ... ... ••• ••• 3/6
•OGILVIE (J.), ll.d. Student's English Dictionary, Illustrated,
with Appendices. Lg. F'cap 4to. Cloth, Net, 6/0, Roxburgh,
10/6 Net, ^-Morocco Net 12/6
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PITMAN'S Pocket Dictionary of the English Language. A
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list of abbreviations. .Royal 32mo., cloth ... ... ... Net 1/0
Shorthand Dictionary. Centenary Edition. Containing
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Proper Names, and comprising complete lists of the Gramma-
logues aud Contracted words in the system. Crown 8vo., 372
pages, cloth ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3/6
* Roan 4/6
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tions. 32mo., cloth ... ... .. ... ... ... ... 1/0
Roan 2/0
* English and Shorthand Dictionary. Cr. Svo. abt. 800 p. 6/o
ESPERANTO.
EDINBURGH, The, Esperanto Pocket Dictionary.
Esperanto-English and EngLsh-Esperanto. Roval "Imo.,
cloih ... Net 1/0
O'CONNOR (J. C), m. a. & HAYES (C.F.). English-Esperanto
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MILLIDGE (E. A.), f.b.e.a. Esperanto-English Dictionary.
Crown 8vo, cloth Net 5/0
MOTTEAU (A.). Esperanto-English Dictionary. P'cap Svo.
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•RHODES (J). English-Esperanto Dictionary. Cr. 8vo, cl. Net 5/0
FANTI.
•DELANEY RUSSELL (Rev J.). Fanti-English & English-
Fanti Dictionary. Demy 8vo., cloth Net 5/0
FINNISH.
•NIELSON «S; LUNDBECK. English-Finnish and Finnish-
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'REKONtN (A.) tinglisn-Finnish and Fmnish-Eng.ish
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FRENCH.
BELLOWS (J. &W.). French English and English-French
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•BELLO-V'S English-French & French-English. 32mo., roan
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CASSELL'S New French-English— English- French Diction-
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2,6
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5/-
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3 '6
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36
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Other volumes are to be issued, including English fo ' Yiddish Speakers, &c.
London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.C.
I'.O. 619c.
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