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ji. JUL J^JIj oU£Jtf ijJdJl j-^LjJI <J"*p SjL-iMU J_^i,
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V>-aJl iJilVl gJUu ^iJl phonology Oj-^aJ! JUj t jkJt *U-ip| J_*p
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red fish -»*-1
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01 collective terms «-^Jl .U-V1 JUxl-V JNij^JB tfl <^ 01 v-^waJl
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jjJJ Jj_$J JLi - £~** i*~i> Oli <*>\j*>- oU-bu jli J.«jCUJ (j^)
rancia j rancid cheese : Jjii V ISU ^£Jj iS^iJUJl ^lyJt <j^ (***^'j
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idioms oUtlk^aA^Jl - £
jf fa>. iU& <^j~*~* j~ b\s lit u La of iJJ iJ ^ ^>:,„; N
,> OU^jtf ^ij^j w^J* OLaj-J&V I jLuiSJU . oLJtf
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KicK the buchet
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spill the beans iiJbJl Jji
red herring <^j-^°
Ul>I Ja**^ J, t Ja*» ( JkJI) the bucket _» JS^.) KicK j^ V U* LJ|
ci^Jl -GUIS' ^^ JaJ^ V 4JI - (1 - Y) pi*. ^Ul v-S^Jl ^ j
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L>£ J^jo N ajU S^aJI iU£Jl LW:> a^ «JLks*iJl jl ja *s>J>\ ^s-j
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bo* 01 . iJLpl^iil >jJ}\ ja \jfS bo* ilL* 01 j-* . kicked the bucket : *-»
kick the J^-iy spill the bean Jj-i^j spilled the beans Jj-ia . I J->f j-^i^
. ( *> kick the buckets J^ii Nj bucket
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she makes up a story . i»ai g-JJ ( ^)
She makes up a fire . IjU Jiy ( ^)
She makes up thr hair . \44nrj J**»J ( t«*)
tjLk^ly* i-ijJkM SbNl + J^-31 ^jJ ^JU . IJuk Jt UUil
jf ( js*j) look after Ji-j^JI «-»j»- + J-**N «-A* *-^ ^^ ' J -s*>"
JUWl »i> ^ \jjS 01] ( J**-*) put up with j*S\ uy + u^JkJI + J_*i3l
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to make a bed : *^Jl <-JJaj L*JUJt* : fj-Jl l-i* ^ 4-Jj->Jl oL>*lk*a*Jl
(j ^a ii f JLJj>l.^,.;S > -|i : ^ ^f i~JS oJlS ISILy . ^ily J_**J iUtf
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jl JjiJI jS^e IjX^f ^ji— JLpj . J\j£\ jl*jl»j ^^1 oNL»J
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Jl Sj-iL* [fuzrjt 4Jl5^«l ^Jkp «_«j gardemalade ^
l^u^y j£Uj t-AJi ^» 4 A->-!iUrstfl *iaH ( ^ji) look after jl jJLu ^j-^Nl
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.^Jl «_.Jit... : N j£Jj . (c~i) house j ( ^j—*) public _, W>r c^
blackbird Uiil ±}Ljj«> . — sycdl I -A* ^j-^* t^^ 301 a* *
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V* £jJl j^ oUKJl ^ oli^UJl ^ ^ J-^AJl IJL* J j-k---*
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; JJU ^u^ iL^r UJ^I ISI
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rooster j Cockerel jf (^M) Cock : J»liJti . eaj-^aiJl i-^fUlj Lf» ii^LJl
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: dUJtf . 5ijj «I* : .Ujiij ttJj ••** : U>«» f ljk~Nl ^ ^>»^dl jl
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Ljk ijfcJIj ajjJl jl Lw SI t j-*-^Jl J ^rj-Jl ^j-^l '-V-^ll L^-4^
meaning postulates ^yxJi oUJLvJ L— .1 JJU^JI ^ fj^l I J> J-^i
•JbJbJ ^^ ^>JI ^Lj*JI ^^ jl Cj jil ^Ul i ( \ A o 1) ^UjL^J
: zjjj.jS ^ r >^ c-^f ^ OU bit; U5j 104* . r ^Vl II* ^j~
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Synonymy o^l^Jl V -$
J^li; ^L^J l^ Jm» i-blydl J*
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oUKU JIIjJI >U,N ^J^j, ^ o^A»JI oj-^i L^ i^J^iJI
UKJI JU> *ILVL UUJ 0j>-> ^1 ,y ^1 J* i. ffiS J ijJ^^ft
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Case Grammar SJbJl Ap-ly V _ *\
oLtiLJl Jo^l UjUpL ( \\\\)jyAiy> iJU»Jl J_ply f-ii j* Jjl
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: Ji- *!*>■ ^ jjZ <3j>-\ iJL^»
Can you pass the salt?
i ^tLJI jj-<*j ol ^* a ^**j J^
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j^ in-»lj iiU- Lg-A<«j ^yii . pJUJl oUJ j^^.
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: -_j u*j 01 lu~-jJ <Jl* U ii}A>o -J^cuJI ^l_pl i^-ji
He may / must / will be in his office.
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: iUl>w» aJLj.*>~.« d;I.X?-l ^j-^aio t A^Ojl pjl;jl ^*-~i 01
You may / must / shall come tomorrow.
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He can run a mile in four minutes
: A^p^JUwill
J
He won't do as I ask.
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v t_ • - * > -^ -•
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He may / must will have been in his office.
must^Jl iiUJij t beabletoijJLS^jVl ^ <, can jmay Jl iiU>\ tUU
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Is Mary going to wear that hat?
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If John comes, I shall not be here.
(LOjSI/J.O^U-lil)
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I'm not going out. It is too cold
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I am looking for the bible.
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a. John is eager to please
b. John is easy to please
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4 J*U : olS-kJL iU-^l ^L^JI jp Uj_> I JU . 4 h , Jl aJL>JI
6Lil y j^jj. jl oIjL-p : *l>^l sop j* *J6y iU*Jl cJtf lil Ul
*l^l »iA iOP jOi U^p iyw^Jl ^«^l *•** o^L-i t J**-
rtr
pro-formation
«•
mmunication
inclusion
speech acts
«•
nstative
performance
particle
base
paradigmatic
it
metaphor
entailment
style
reference
collocation
tmplicature
female
amalgation
reflexive
babbling
prefix
UKJI
Jijbi
•I.&-I
obi
•J
I
4 *
Tit
ablineality
correspondence
extension
assertion
subordination
ostensive
etymology
converseness
diachronic
homonymy
homography
homophony
analytic
predication
antonymy
hue
denotation
sense
synonymy
synthetic
saturation
causative
nominalism
xSb
mt
\s
«* *
selectional restrictions ijL^-l oIjujl>«;
J4^
iitJ
Js^j*
'# *
4j
tt©
naming
simile
accent
colineality
00 0:0
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incompatibilty
hyponomy
hyponym
phrase
• it
lysemy
reinforcement
comment
calcalus
singularity
utterance
intension
syntagmatic
intonation
dualism
constants
aspect
gender
case
m
**
Jt-
JL>JL**>
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« *
^yl^Jl ->JL*J
StjJLt
iSJ
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rti
redundancy
culture
sematic fields
predicate
lineality
signifier
subjective
pragmatics
male
cognitive
reaction
formality
symbol
behaviorism
context
paralinguistic
anomaly
truth conditions
transperant
morpheme
purism
category
phonetics
phoneme
* * L
*
YtV
superordinate
natural
emotive
clause
conventional
prosody
c semiotics-semiology
sign
>. semantics
phonology
mentalism
universal
consonant cluster
ambiguity
hypothesis .
presupposition
competence
proposition
grammar
projection rules
mass
entity
asymmetric
suffix
o>U>
«**
^VjJI
^ooL,^ ^j^P
4 *
* :t
Jlplji
v
ru
intransitive
tune
linguistics
psycholinguistics
luminosity
complementaries
transitive
connotation
• •
signified
masculine
modality
synchronic
postulates
referent
opague
epistemic
locutionary
norm
lexeme
concept
syllogism
syllable
statement
UUUI
4 iJl .-ill HI
UJ
J*t
(£<**
TH
h'ii - .r d
-i .
r
j . ,-
mDonent
»■• ii • •
distingusher
argument
stimulus
performatives
logic
^ L
loaician
?.:■
perspective
marked
tODiC
•i«
jective
feminine
stress
syntax
symmetric
text
nucleus
marker
realism
existential
status
ablineality
Qj&>
;>L,
I
,^ku
j
p-^
^ **
X»
accent
amalgation
ambiguity
analytic
anomaly
antonymy
argument
4
aspect
assertion
asymmertic
babbling
base
behaviorism
calculus
category
causative
clause
cognitive
colineality
collocation
comment
communication
competence
(jwi^)
**
pUtf
juu--
JLSfc
4 4
*
F* *
SjU
JU;I
TM
complementaries
component
concept
connotation
constants
contative
context
conventional
converseness
correspondence
j
culture
*
denotation
diachronic
distinguisher
dualism
emotive
entailment
entity
epistemic
etymology
existential
extension
female
consonant cluster (Jtf 9 ) ^^ ^y^
tf
4*
U
0*4
b"
*
I
OLS
J-^t*
c?
r«r
feminine
formality
gender
grammar
homography
homonymy
i
homophony
hue
hyponomy
hyponym
hypothesis
implicature
inclusion
incompatibility
intension
intonation
intransitive
lexeme
lineality
linguistics
locutionary
logic
luminosity
male
* ♦*
A^jLo-wyJI
iS^j
Op (J
(^ J) &*
* **
+ «•
* +
»USI
I.:
t_^jUdj
* *••
&
(ily ii^U-) iJa>-
t*r
marked
marker
masculine
mass
mentalism
metaphor
modality
mood
morpheme
naming
natural
nominalism
norm
nucleus
objective
opaque
opposition
ostensive (definition)
paradigmatic
paralinguistic
particle
path
performance
performatives
•••
Aj
J>c
L«
y
If 1 * ■ '
iJlJUU-t
^yj^
Sbl
b
** . | + •
Yoi
perspective
phoneme
phonetics
phonology
phrase
polysemy
postulates
pragmatics
predicate
predication
prefix
presupposition
J.
projection rules
proposition
prosody
psycholinguistics
purism
reaction
realists
redundancy
reference
referent
reflexive
jfc.
6
Jl*Jl iJbu"
pro-formation (<»-'^" dr* ^**i ^* jf «^ ^ £fS) ^'^1
iJ»l<LJ (VJjy
•%**
(^jUJl jJUJL iJ£)l #>U) SjLit
(AJIjLlJl)jLli
Y00
reinforcement
* *
response
saturation
4j
scope
selectional restrictions k> iL^-l ot jujl>j
semantic fields
semantics
semiology or semiotics
sense (UJl J^b <^>-Vl oUKJL iU£Jl a^U) i*ly
(ilb) i»^p
sign
signified
sgnifier
simile
singularity
speech acts
statement
status
stimulus
stress
style
subjective
subordination
suffix
superordinate
•* *
N
iuUi
ton
syllable
syllogism
symbol
symmetric
synchronic
synonymy
syntagmatic
syntax
synthetic
text
topic
transitive
transperant
truth conditions
tune
universal
utterance
XdV
1*a\ <U*UL«
yj
^J
^
vx
'***
2
iLLi
4j>t_^2j| i?
o-J
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