-
s
presented to
ILibrar?
of tbe
of Toronto
Hugh S* Hobertson
THORNTON & SON.
Booksellers,
it The Broad,
Oxford.
THORNTON'S ARABIC SERIES,
VOLUME II.
ELEMENTARY ARABIC
FIRST READING-BOOK
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE,
C. F. CLAY, MANAGER.
Hontron : FETTER LANE, E.C.
lasgofo : 50, WELLINGTON STREET.
Eetpjig: F. A. BROCKHAUS.
fjiefo H orfc : G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS.
anti (ttatcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD.
[All Rights reserved.]
ELEMENTARY ARABIC
FIRST READING-BOOK
BY
FREDERIC DU PRE THORNTON
AND
REYNOLD A. NICHOLSON, M.A.
Lecturer in Persian in the University of Cambridge,
and some time Fellow of Trinity College
CAMBRIDGE :
At the University Press
1907
(JTatnbrtligr;
PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A.
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
PREFACE.
THE extracts from the Goran which form the basis of this
volume were published with a Glossary in 1893 and again,
this time without a Glossary but with a Grammatical Analysis,
in 1901. Some years before his death Mr Thornton, having
decided to enlarge the scope of his work by adding other selected
passages of Arabic prose, asked me to prepare a Glossary for
a certain portion (pp. 13-64) of Wright's Arabic Reading- Book,
of which the first edition was nearly exhausted. The present
volume, therefore, was designed wholly by Mr Thornton, and he
is also responsible for the Grammatical Analysis and Glossary of
the extracts from the Goran, my own share in it being limited to
the remainder of the Glossary, the correction of the proofs, and
such editorial supervision as was necessary. The general aim
of the Series has been sufficiently explained in the Preface to
the first volume, Elementary Arabic : A Grammar (Cambridge
University Press, 1905), a work which will be found indispensable
by any one using this Reading- Book, inasmuch as reference is
made throughout to the Grammar in the Analysis of the Coranic
text. Here, however, I must quote the interesting observations
which Mr Thornton appended, by way of conclusion, to his
Elementary Arabic : First Reading-Book, printed for private
circulation by Messrs Austin of Hertford in 1901.
"The late Bishop Barclay* of Jerusalem (to whose memory
* When rector of Stapleford, Herts, ray friend published his well-known
work "The Talmud, by Rev. Joseph Barclay, LL.D. , with illustrations and
plan of the Temple." London : John Murray. 1878.
vi PREFACE.
I would affectionately dedicate this book) took his degrees at
Trinity College, Dublin, and learnt Hebrew with the pronuncia-
tion of Central Europe. During one among many instructive
conversations, he told me in 1880 that Hebraists, who had
incurred the like entanglement, invariably tried to set themselves
free on hearing the Coran recited by Moslems (Mahometans) ;
and through learning to do likewise endeavour, more easily than
in any other way, to pronounce distinctly and well the difficult
consonants of Hebrew as well as of Arabic. There are also
reasons why some knowledge of Arabic Grammar should precede
the study of Hebrew, which, while easier in the matter of plurals,
has suffered the loss of case-signs and of the final vowels that
mark distinctions in mood.
"With the view to provide a handy volume, by help of which
Dr Barclay's idea can be followed, whether or not the learner
desires to become an Arabist, I compiled in 1888 this book's
prototype making reference to Dr Wright's Arabic Grammar (2nd
edition) which immediately ran out of print. Till its re-appearance
a Reading-book of such nature was useless ; all my efforts were
therefore directed toward obtaining the issue of a third edition*,
a task not lightened by the Professor's much regretted demise.
Pending success, I published in 1893 Elementary Arabic: Text
and Glossary whose "text" is equivalent to one column of The
Times newspaper in smallest type, being identical with that of
this book, for both consist of certain extracts from the Coran viz.
Ch. i, Ch. ii 256, Ch. vn 52 to 62 and 101 to 170 inclusive, also
Ch. LXIV. The work of republishing Wright's Grammar, which
had been arrested by Professor W. R. Smith's untimely death, was
happily recommenced in 1895 by Professor de Goeje; and from
* A Grammar of the Arabic Language translated from the German of
Caspari and edited with numerous additions and corrections by W. Wright,
LL.D., late Professor of Arabic in the University of Cambridge. Third
edition revised by W. Eobertson Smith, late Professor of Arabic in the
University of Cambridge, and M. J. de Goeje, Professor of Arabic in the
University of Leyden. Cambridge : at the University Press, 1898.
PREFACE. Vll
that date Cambridge University supplied me with advance sheets
which I have abridged to the narrow limits of Elementary Arabic:
a Grammar, retaining everything required by this book's
" analysis " and omitting nearly all else. Inasmuch as the little
Grammar's section numbers tally with those of Dr Wright's, (its
Table of Contents and) the Grammatical Analysis herewith may
help scholars to learn directly his masterly book ; but I think
beginners will be wise to learn my Grammar first, for its
examples almost without exception are drawn from the Arabic
text herewith. We must note that Wright's 2nd volume begins
at 1 which corresponds with 401 in the Analysis and in my
Grammar.
"The eye most quickly becomes familiar with a new and strange
character by seeking words in a Dictionary, but considerable
knowledge of etymology is required, in case of a Semitic tongue,
before this can be successfully done ; the Analysis therefore gives
at right hand those radical letters under which can be found in
my " glossary " each transliterated word in the left column ; and
indeed I believe that this book, with its companion Grammar,
bestows much preliminary information to be learned without need
of a teacher knowing any language other than Arabic, sufficient
that he is Moslem and accustomed to recite the Goran. The
fanatical objection to teaching that Book, which is shown in other
countries, does not (I believe) exist to-day in Egypt, where every
village sheikh knows it by heart, having learned it in order to
avoid conscription. I therefore trust that those, who are likely
to teach Arabic or Hebrew, will avail themselves of every
opportunity which presents itself for learning from a Moslem to
read aloud the Arabic text of this book, pronouncing its consonants
as when the Goran is recited at mosque ; for in case of dead
languages a pronunciation common to master and pupil is con-
venient, but essential in case of a spoken tongue ; and there can
be no other common pronunciation than that of Moslems at mosque.
Obviously learning from Arabic-speaking people is best, because
to them Semitic consonants are easy; whereas to Turks (by which
Vlll PREFACE.
I mean Turkish-speaking Moslems) and to natives of India etc.
pronunciation is not less difficult than to Europeans.
" Until recent times it was rare for Arabic Grammar to be
learnt except by those who, like the late Professors Pusey,
Wright and Robertson Smith, were already versed in Latin,
Greek, Hebrew and Aramaic ; for which reason books suitable
to the unlearned were few and unsatisfactory. In order to
simplify the task of beginners I have endeavoured to exclude
from my Grammar everything not required by the Analysis ;
and with exceptions, which are chiefly to be found in the
Grammar's first twenty pages, every section is mentioned in
column 4 of the Analysis. I believe the Grammar to give as
examples in or before its paradigms all words of the Arabic text,
while all recur later in phrases to illustrate syntax ; but I am
not sanguine that every difficulty is smoothed, and shall be
deeply grateful to kind friends who will help me to perfect the
Analysis and Grammar so that they teach all that ought to be
known about the Arabic text.
"Having learned well my two little books (including of course
pronunciation of the Arabic text, and therefore pronunciation of
the Grammar's examples) students may desire to practise turning
English into Arabic. This can be done by taking in hand the
Authorized (or better still the Revised) Version and reading it
aloud in Arabic to a person acquainted with both languages, he
holding a vowelled copy of the Beirut translation (sold by the
Bible Society) which is easy from being diffuse like Hebrew and
not terse like Arabic of the sort most highly esteemed. A good
teacher will supply the place of an English- Arabic Dictionary, and
will assist in the formation of sentences; but simple passages are
of course preferable, and the Old Testament affords less risk of
controversy with a Moslem, who may be found sensitive even to
any idea of there being borrowed words in the Goran : as to which
and in any other matter self-respecting Englishmen will avoid all
appearance of irreverence. Those likely to remain in the Nile
PREFACE. IX
valley cannot do better than avail themselves of help from
Messrs Vollers and Burkitt*.
"Unlettered Europeans, by which I mean those who have never
learned any language scientifically, cannot hope to master Arabic
syntax without extreme difficulty : for them it is easier to learn by
conversation at its home the particular colloquial dialect which
they desire to employ ; though by so doing they introduce an
almost insuperable bar to further progress and incapacitate them-
selves from learning to compose accurately in writing or even to
read. The art of writing was not originally invented for use by the
vulgar ; nor did the marking of Semitic vowels come into use to
aid beginners in the art of reading : it is known that vowel marks
are employed in Arabic for purposes of grammar, rather than to
indicate the sounds to be expressed : indeed Arabic-speaking
Christians commonly learn first to read unvo welled type, because
it is natural for them to utter a word as they know it rather than
as it should be written ; while, unlike Moslems, they are not
influenced by a religious pursuit of accuracy. But for a European
who wishes to become acquainted with Arabic as diplomatists
and Foreign Office clerks are required to know both French and
German ; who aspires to preside at a Court-martial ; to preach
and lecture ; or to plead at the bar ; it is essential that distinct
pronunciation of every consonant be acquired and sufficient
book work done before conversation is attempted. A similar
knowledge seems desirable as prelude to Hebrew, and ought
certainly to be obtained before beginning Urdu (Hindustani),
Persian, Turkish, Swahili, Hausa etc. As regards the three
languages spoken in Java, although the Javanese are Moslems
almost to a man, only one, viz. the Malayan, is written in Arabic
character ; but with exception of the other two we may say that
* The Modern Egyptian Dialect of Arabic. A Grammar, with Exercises,
Beading-Lessons and Glossaries, from the German of Dr K. VOLLERS.
With numerous additions by the Author. Translated by F. C. Burkitt,
M.A., Trinity College. Cambridge : at the University Press, 1895.
a 5
X PREFACE.
all Moslem tongues find expression in the Arabic character, and
certainly all borrow largely from the writings held sacred
throughout Islam. To all of them my two books will serve as
vestibule ; for Islamism (a word too rarely used, and analogous
to Protestantism) is indissolubly bound up with Arabic ; and be
it constantly borne in mind that Moslem prayer must perforce
be uttered in it, because through no other tongue can the Deity
be approached the forms of prayer being identical at Peking,
Canton, Delhi, Kabul, Jerusalem, Cairo, Cape Town and Timbuctoo
with those at Mecca itself.
" Europeans who, before learning to read Arabic, become
acquainted with a colloquial dialect, commonly give it the
preference ; and to this as a matter of taste there can be no
objection. But on visiting another country in which a different
dialect of Arabic is spoken (say on moving from Egypt to Malta or
Palestine) they are tempted unduly to depreciate the new and
by comparison to appreciate the old. The speech of Bad a win
(Bedouins) in jla^aJ I the HijAz is most highly esteemed by Moslems ;
and next to it I should rank, as very nearly approximate to
written Arabic, the well considered conversation of an educated
Damascene. Some know! edge of old Arabia may readily be obtained
from Translations of Ancient Arabian Poetry, chiefly Prce-ifldmic
(Williams & Norgate 1885) by Sir Charles J. Lyall, K.O.S.I.;
and for 128 years after the hijrah (Hegira), if not for longer, the
classical period extends : it is however a gross mistake to suppose
that " classical " means obsolete, for modern Arabic of classical
standard is to-day the common language of Islam, and a medium
of communication, mainly by the Goran's influence, among vast
populations stretching from the Zambesi to Kazan on the Volga
due east of Moscow, and from Korea to the Pillars of Hercules.
The Coran is in itself at once Bible, Prayer-book, delectus and first
law book to Moslems of whatever sect, being usually learnt by
boys before they are allowed to acquire any grammatical knowledge
of their own vernacular. Oriental Christians dislike that their
children learn the Coran, fearing perhaps the influence of magic,
PREFACE. XI
but they can lind nothing subversive to their faith in this book,
the Arabic text of which will be issued separately."
With regard to the Coranic portion of this Reading- Book
I need only say that it comprises the opening chapter (al FdtihaK) ;
the famous ' Throne-Verse ' ^Ayafiu -I Kursl) two extracts
from the seventh chapter, one of which describes the wonders of
Divine providence, and how Noah was saved in the ark when all
the unbelievers perished (w. 52 62), while in the other it is
related how Moses overcame the magicians of Pharaoh, and what
thereafter happened to the Israelites (vv. 101 170) ; and finally
the whole 64th chapter entitled Stiraku -I Taghdbun. If none
of these passages represents the Prophetic enthusiasm of
Muhammad at its highest pitch, they will nevertheless give the
reader a very fair notion of the style and contents of the Goran,
and supply as good an introduction as could be desired to the
most ancient and celebrated book in Arabic literature. The
verses are numbered as in FliigePs edition, and correspond with
his Concordance. The large type used in this part of the
Reading-Book was, I believe, originally cut for the late Professor
Palmer. In respect of size it seemed to me more convenient
than the only other one available, nor is it unpleasing to the eye,
but I must admit that it has some peculiarities, e.g. the ligatures
of certain letters, and cannot be recommended as a safe model
to students who are just beginning to write Arabic. The
Grammatical Analysis a novel feature in books of this kind
will, I confidently anticipate, be found extremely helpful. As
already said, the figures in the fourth column refer to the sections
of Mr Thornton's Grammar. The Arabic letters in the fifth
column show the roots under which the forms transliterated in
the first column occur in the Glossary.
Since Wright's Arabic Reading- Book, which appeared as long
ago as 1870, is now difficult to procure, and since, moreover,
nearly the whole of its text will be reprinted in Thornton's
Series, I make no apology for copying here the information
given by Wright in his Preface concerning the pieces which
Xll PREFACE.
occupy pp. 13 64 of the original work and pp. f I A * of the
present volume*.
"I. Stories of Arab warriors of the Pre-Mu/iammadan times.
The first of these, showing how the Jewish hero Samuel ibn
'adiya sacrificed his son's life rather than break his word, is taken
from Lockett's Mi'et 'dmil, p. 52. The second, narrating the
last raid and death of the poet-warrior Ta'abbata Sharraii, and
the third, which tells how 'amr Dhu -1 Kalb defended himself and
died in the cave, are to be found in the unpublished portion of
the Dlwdnu -I Hudhaltyin, or Poems of the tribe of Huclliail
(foil. 154 and 157 a of the Leyden manuscriptt). The former
I have slightly abridged by the omission of two short poems,
which only interrupt the narrative, without adding to it any
details of the least interest. The account of the ' battle of
Qushawah' in which Bistam ibn Qais bore a distinguished part,
is taken from the unpublished Naq&id or ' Satires ' of Jarir and
al Farazdaq (MS. Bodl., near the beginning), the commentary
on which, like that in the Diwdnu -I Hudhaliyin, is the composi-
tion of the grammarian 'abii Sa'id al Hasan ibn al Husain al
Sukkari, who died A.H. 275, A.D. 888+.
"II. The historical extracts, relating to the prophet Muhammad,
J it iO 3
are all taken from the J^y I *j*~> or * Life of the Prophet '
compiled by Muhammad ibn 'ishaq al Muttalibi, who died
A.H. 150 or 151 (A.D. 767 8), and edited by 'abdu -1 Malik ibn
Hisham al Ma'afiri, who died A.H. 213 or, according to
some, 218 (A.D. 828 or 833). The work has been published by
Professor Wiistenfeld, in whose edition these passages may be
found at pp. pp . , A | 1 , and | , . * .
* In the following paragraphs I have modified Wright's transliteration
of Arabic words for the sake of uniformity.
t This portion of the Hudhalite Poems was published in 1887 by
Wellhausen.
% An edition of the Naqa'id by Professor A. A. Bevau is now in course
of publication at Leyden.
PREFACE. Xlll
"III. Of the Various Historical Extracts the first is taken
* + JO i f t- ul '6iO
from the Kdmil of al Mubarrad (ju>J &* J^-l ^UaOt #\
xjOxJ j 0*0*> vt xOx> i2 Of>x>
tJ>jj*oJI t^j-oJt i^J^M), a celebrated grammarian of
the school of al Bacrah, born A.H. 207 or 210, A.D. 8223 or
825 6, p. cpA of my edition, p. 602 of the Leyden manuscript.
The third and fourth extracts, regarding Roderic, the last of the
Gothic Kings of Spain, and 'abd al Rahman, the first of the
Omaiyad line of Caliphs in that country, may be found in the
5 X J xO COX OJ 6 **>}&,
v.-.-Jsj.JI L^JjJ^t ^>-ac ^<* w^-jLJl 9-AJj a sketch of the history
of Spain, prefixed by 'ahmad al Maqqari (who died A.H. 1041,
A.D. 1631) to his Life of the vizier of Granada Lisanu -1 Din
ibnu -1 Khatib. See the Leyden edition, t. I, p. j 0, t. II,
p. | v, and t. I, p. r I I "
Besides incorporating the corrections specified by Wright
himself in his Preface, I have improved the text by adopting a
number of emendations which Professor de Goeje was kind
enough to send to me, as well as a few derived from Professor
Sevan's edition of the Naqftid and from the Hudhalite Poems
published by Wellhausen. One or two words have been omitted
as unsuitable to a book which Mr Thornton designed virginibus
puerisque, and some slight modifications in spelling have been
introduced. The following list of corrections does not include
those already proposed by Wright.
P. I** 5 1. 12. After ^x^JI the words^^i) I ^^U^s <u ),* n*)5
'xOCx
,A-dl5 should be supplied from Well-
hausen's text of the Hudhalite Poems.
J *i ' 30iO J s 3 OiO
P. r*A, 1. 15. juJLoJt for j^JL^Jt (according to Be van's ed. of the
Naq&id, Vol. I, Part I, p., 20).
Jwlx 3t0 JxO J 0*3
P. PA, 1. 17. juXJt for jLJLoJt.
P. \-^ , 1. 2. J15 omitted after ^jti. See Bevan's note ad loc.
XIV PKEFACE.
P. pf, penult. Read ^UJt for ^UJI (de G.). Cf. Tabari,
I? If I >> 9. By a regrettable oversight I have retained
the latter reading in the text.
P. pv, 1. 17. io->pT for io-iJ^T (de G.). See Wright's Arabic
Grammar, Vol. II, p. 298 C.
P. OA, 1. 15. The words JlS^e^S have been added after JULd
(de G.).
P. v 1 , 1. 4. S>13 for SJIS.
P. vv, 1. 12. s^Jb^JT ,>o for Jut J^ (de G.).
P. vv, 1. 17. 'SI for ^t (de G.).
P. Ap, 1. 15. SJJ for Sjii (de G.).
P. Ap, 1. 18. lUi^J for aJLoCj (de G.).
In order to facilitate the use of the Glossary I would call
attention to the following explanation which is given, for the
most part, in Mr Thornton's words :
Wherever in the glossary the first or ground form of a verb
is mentioned as occurring in the text, a line is ruled and the
characteristic vowels are placed above or below, thus
_j_ 'akhadha ya'khudhu to seize.
-4- sabaqa yasbuqu and yasbiqu to precede.
When the first form of the verb does not occur in the text,
the radical letters only are given, thus JU.b IV to set free, for
the fourth form of talaqa has that meaning ; and when the second
and third radicals are identical, the perfect is not vowelled, thus
^>Jp _^_ zanna yazunnu to think.
Where needful a preposition appears, thus
U.> _j_ da'a yad'u to calt, but
^ U.> _^L_ da'a bi, yad'u bi to summon, and
J lo _A_ da'a li, yad'u li to pray for, to bless.
PREFACE. XV
It will be observed that the vowels of each verb's first and
final radical are unmarked, they being invariably fathah : also
fathah is omitted before t and 3 as no other vowel is permissible.
In case a noun is diptote its final consonant bears dammah,
thus Os^J-* Pharaoh, but triptotes are not marked with tan win,
thus .-ii. for halyun ornament, j^.1 for 'akhirun last ; nor are
^ o's.
sound feminine plurals, thus OUJafr! for Vtiyatun stipends.
The following abbreviations are used :
X
-*. for -orf*. jam' plural.
^Xo for ,*^o muthanna dual.
fie j
j* for w*J^ mu'annath feminine.
A.H. for Anno Hegirae, thus 75 A.H. denotes the seventy-
fifth lunar year after the Sj^-A Hegira (Flight of the
Prophet from Mecca) in 622 A.D., which marks the
commencement of the Muhammadan era.
Fig. for figuratively.
Inf. for infinitive.
= for meaning or equivalent to.
It should also be mentioned that the mac.dar follows its verb
s f-
in the accusative case : thus OlJt ^Jl 'ata 'ityanail signifies that
'ityan is the ma9dar of 'ata. The reader will perceive the
distinction made throughout this volume (with the accidental
omission of pp. p* | and p* T ) between ^ and ^, the former
being always written when the letter has its ordinary sound,
namely i (pronounced ee) or y, whereas ^ is only written when
it has the sound of d.
After having thoroughly mastered the extracts from the
Goran, the student will in my opinion do wisely to read next the
pieces relating to the history of Spain (pp. T A to the end). He
may then turn back to p. p* | and proceed without interruption.
I see no reason why he should not be informed that the pieces
XVI PREFACE.
chosen by Wright, excellent and characteristic as they are,
sometimes present considerable difficulty, which a mere glossary
cannot entirely remove. There will be less risk of discouragement
if this fact is recognised.
The Glossary to the non-Coranic passages was in the first
instance to have been printed separately, and it had reached
the end of ^ before Mr Thornton's lamented death deprived me
of his invaluable help in correcting the proofs. I am indebted
to him for many practical suggestions which would otherwise
have escaped me. The same portion of the Glossary had the
further advantage of being read by Sir Charles Lyall, whose fine
scholarship contributed largely to its improvement. His collabo-
ration I must specially acknowledge, but my thanks are also due
to Professor A. A. Bevan and Professor M. J. de Goeje for kind
assistance and advice.
Although the list of Corrigenda is longer than it should be,
nearly all are of a trivial character. Most of those affecting the
Arabic text are confined to two pages where the device for
differentiating ^ and ^ (borrowed by Mr Thornton from the
Beyrout Press) was inadvertently neglected. On the other hand,
I trust that every reader, before using his copy of the book, will
remedy the more serious errors which occur on pp. F$ and pf.
The third volume of this Series, to be entitled Elementary
Arabic : Second Heading Book, is now in course of preparation.
Mr Thornton left the choice of its contents to me, only stipulating
that it should not include any texts previously edited in Europe.
With a view to making it as useful and interesting as possible,
I have decided to illustrate the literary history of the Arabs in
chronological order by selected passages from the Kitdbu -I
Baydn of al Jahiz, the 'iqdu -I Farid of Ibn 'abdi Rabbihi, the
Mustatraf and similar works.
REYNOLD A. NICHOLSON.
CAMBRIDGE,
January, 1907.
CONTENTS.
PAGES
Extracts from the Goran f f #
1. Suraftu -1 Fatihan ..... r
2. Surahu -1 Baqarah, verse 256 . . . p
3. Surahu -1 Vraf, verses 52 62 . . > v
4. Suranu -1 'a'raf, verses 101170 . . A M
5. Surahu -1 Taghabun H 1***
Stories of Arab Warriors . . . . -PI F
1. How Samuel bin 'adiya, the Jewish hero,
kept his word . . . . . f* | f f
2. The last raid and death of Ta'abbata
Sharran |~p pp
3. The death of 'amr Dhu -1 Kalb or " 'amr
of the dog" p c _p v
4. The battle of Qushawah .... fV p*
Historical extracts relating to the Prophet Mu-
hammad . . . . . . . p * $ p
1. The Battle of Badr . . . . . p PA
2. The Taking of Mecca .... pA C I
3. The Death of the Prophet . . . o| Op
XVlll CONTENTS.
PAGES
Various Historical Extracts ..... $C Al
1. The murder of 'all, the Son-in-law of the
Prophet . . . . . .06 ^
2. The Entry of al Hajjaj into al Kufah . 1 , TA
3. Roderic, the last of the Goths . . 1 A A f
4. The escape of 'abd al Rahman the Omaiyad
from Syria into Spain . . . . AT A 1
Glossary ........ A V | 1 ^
Grammatical Analysis . . .... 1 77
Table of Alphabets . . ... 78 79
ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.
P. r 1 , 1. 2. Read 'adiya.
P. ri, 1. 3 of the Arabic text. Read 3\ for jf; also 1. 6
and ,Ut; 1. 7 U ; 1. 8 ^ ; 1. 11
1. 12 b; 1. 13 }J.
P. FT, 1. 1. Read ^ld /or ^yU, also ^JL^J t^^S'
P. r r, I- 7. #eae Sharrafi /or Sharran.
P. rr, 1. 10. Read ^ for ^ ; also 1. 11 ^ 1. 13
1. 14 ^j and ^j^ ; 1. 14 ^ ; last line i^j-aj.
x w /<
P. po, 1. 12 of the Arabic text. After w**Jt insert:
P. TV, 1. 4. 7?eao? Qushawah /or Qushawa.
P. pr, penult. For^&uSl read^>(\.
P. M r, col. 1,1. 10. Read 'abu /or Abu.
P. | m col. 1, 1. 4. Read 'ashja' /or 'Ashja'.
P. in, col. 1, 1. 5 from foot. Read 'abu for 'Abu.
P. | r^ , col. 2, 1. 8. Read 'abu /or 'Abu.
P. | f-f-, col. 1, 1. 4 from foot. Read Haiyan for Hayyan.
ABBREVIATIONS.
acc. accusative case nomin.
act. active voice obi.
adj. adjective ord.
adv. adverb, adverbial pass,
ag. agentis pat.
agr. agrees with, agreeing with perf.
appos. appositive pers.
br. pi. broken plural pi.
card. cardinal number pref.
coll. collective noun prep,
cornm. common gender prim,
comp. comparative degree pron.
conj. conjunction, conjunctive quad,
con. st. construct state quin.
def. denned r.
demon, demonstrative rel.
dep. dependent case s. pi.
dipt. diptote sig.
energ. energetic mood sing,
fern. feminine gender subj.
f. n. foot note subst.
impera. imperative mood suff.
imperf. imperfect state (tense) superl.
incho. inchoative T.
indie. indicative mood t. & p.
instr. instrument trans,
interj. interjection tril.
interro. interrogative tript.
intrans. intransitive undef.
juss. jussive mood uni.
lit. literally ver.
masc. masculine gender 1st
n. noun, nomen 2nd
N. Note 3rd
nominative case
oblique case
ordinal number
passive voice
patientis
perfect state (tense)
personal
plural number
prefix
preposition
primitive
pronoun, pronominal
quadriliteral
quinqueliteral
remark
relative
sound plural
signification, signifying
singular number
subjunctive mood
substantive
suffix
superlative degree
Table in 369
time and place
transitive
triliteral
triptote
undefined
unity (individuality)
verb, verbi, verbal
first person
second person
third person
I, II, III, etc. mark forms of the verb
1, 2, 3, etc. mark the broken plurals in 304
rH ^
OK
s
O i-i
52;
10 o eo oo
^ id O5 lO i i O
co i i T i T i co co
NALYSIS
MATICAL
OF THE ARABIC
O
fc
HH
P
<1
H
P^
H L
QQ
Pn
Y ABABIC
i
I
0)
^
51
o
P g
> e3
eg
0) ^M
"III
^ fl
g?
P H
^>"
'- ?
o3
g 'S 'g
a ? 'I ^
o s o o d
a o- 1 ns pj
PH
EH
I
GR. II.
I
O5 GO
OO <M
CO
CO CM -^ Oi O <M CO CO
OO Ol r I l I O r-l r-l > I Oi
T I r- 1 d CO CO CO O O f- 1
d
1
8
CO
bi)
d
i
i-
-z
1
o>
j
r3
'So
d^
d
P*
_
X
B conjunction
ronoun, masc.
5 no neuter
5
1
d
S
'-
o
bb
1
s
1
^
3
_c
ned becomes 1
1^
^ TO
r^ ^
d 0)
0)
>
1
o
bic
.s
"55
g
distinguish g<
t
^ J
1 -M
1,1
3 s
02
1
1
o
_q
"o
1 d
c
I 1
"3
2
^
VC
"-
G\
ct
-3
3
-C
I
declension
the predic.
the enunci
5
iJ
p.
d
teaching to
I
i i
PH
r-O
O5
r 1
CO
CM
05
CM
e
CM
co
CO
8
1O
r 1
CO
3
"D
rO
05
$3
CD
73
CD
OH
CD
bb
'M
3
1-
CD
CM
oT
CM
CD
.1
CD
""CD
O5
CM
fO
CO
10
_fl
^S
i i
r i
GO
o
CO
d
o
d
CM
CD
co
i i
CO
CO
(M
co
CD
co
H <X)
s I
bin
r.
CD ;S
CHAPTE
denominative noun
nomen unitatis, sinj
feminine by form
1
CO
CD
-C
nominative
in construct state
nomen agentis, fern
.S
"So
1
d
revealed at Mecca \
'a
g
bb
c
*oc
1
enunciative to (wa)
S
"d
!
s
1
use of tanwin
GO
CM
1
1
defined
use of maddaft
pronominal suffix, f
rses of it stands for
s
A 2
12
3=
I
oo os o co
i i i i (M OS
co co co -rjH
T 1 OO t>-
000
co co co
os os 01
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e 10 oo
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%
e .
rH OS
i~
no mi
1
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a
s
A
1
I
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T3
pj
a
&
0)
s
^
s
d
=2
<D
1
T3
b
o
1
s
>>
3-
cardinal
.s
1
5
-S
PH
'S
annexed
feminine
H
03
3
.?
1
s
1
prepositi<
A
S
0)
I
1
*>
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II
be '
%
03 4-l
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2 s s ^
i -2 > 43
g
a 3
o o
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fi
O
III f
02 T 1 vr 1 P-i
g
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^ S
I -3
e3 tJ D
Q
1
I
CM CO CM t-
co co co os
8 -
tH f-\ F^
xo co co
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CO rH TJH
CO CM i I O '
co O os co os
1C CO i i CM i i
OS
00
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PH
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s
m
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ci
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I
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d
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I
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43
o
II
li
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I
t
t
M
CO GO
co ^
CO
t>- CM Ci
co 10 co
GO CO
CO ^
t 10
r-H b-
CO O
GO
O CO
co co
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CO GO
CO -rH
3
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te
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02
1
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PH
^
PH
^
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S
g
3
1*2
O
the nominative h
conjunctive relati
O
oS
h- 1
^
preposition
1
Eb
s:
ID.
1
^1
J
rt
1
S
1
in dependent cast
|
in
Q
nomen patientis,
&b
'c/3
d
3
a
preposition
adverb
i
s
"S
^
t I
I
I 1
"o o
'31
<2
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f 1
a
1
00
rO
rO
^
s
a
rO
ti
t~ CM
CO O
CM
Oi
j^
CO
CM CO
CO
CO O
^H 05
CO
CO
CO
00
CO i-H
co
CM CO
CM CM
CO
CO
10
CM CO
CM
1
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rS
^3
I
c
O
1
1
CM
CD
2
P
a
QQ
02
fl
<pH
i
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CO
3m in.
s defined
'02
'X
'i
>
M
O
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J
1
fcb
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tb J
.a ^
a
T
r 3 ^
a
I I
rrf
s -ll
J>
1
1
* cfi
r>
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G
nomen agentii
masc. s. pi., o
3 some Moslems
of Hebrew or
CHAPTEl
Jp
3 02
i o
* *> "
*3 ^ t<
5 a 5
s
i Is
3-1
accusative wil
conjunction
a
B
&.
a jg
c3 02
O
> c8
sj
<t>
-S
JS
H
T
IN
1 1
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1
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1
5*5
|
9
i
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c
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:
t
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i
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y
1
I
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^
c8
a
3
1
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1
I
S &
I
1
3
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31
cr 1
8
00 00
O i
10 CO ~ O f-
oo o ^ oo o
i i C<1 i i 1O <M
co co
TJ! co
I
I
i-H ^ CO
O I-H O
co co co
II
s
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S r
o 5t3
g
3 a
s ?
a? -I
ll
ll
3 a
J l ! i
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S S3
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H
05 e
e ^ *
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O5 O5 ^O l>* tr*^ _ C^ CO
i-HfMCOiOO ^^^t
oo co
t- GO
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d w
c fa. ^
co co t-
IO O5 r-H
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o
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b!
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a
5 oc
gill
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is rr
PH eg .?H O
CO
bb
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Cv Q
I
1 ^
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o.
a
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sll'
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e
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CO
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h OiCOOO CO GO 00 CO
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g-sa
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a
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CO
bb
G
"4-1 CS
5S "T3
SI
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\
CO
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O co
co co
g CO 10
co
10
rj 03
13 .52
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1
-z
CO
s ^
d 1
r oo
I S
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.,
ne
3 5 "1
ver
ma
CO
3
-
tb
a
ifl
f 1
ri S
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HH
HH
1
s
|
w
o
1
f 1
a
oo
|
^
w ^
~ ^
I- \ *
a- s s
^ I
* t
t t- 1 I
-H O <* O 10
CO (M CO "* CO
^s NO * ^
00 CO 00 'M TH t l-
i i O !> O5 OO CO 1C
CO lO *^ ^^ CO CO CO ^O
o
00
I 1
%
?
CO
bb
fl
a t. a
r SL
^ -a >>.
i-l TO M i I S
02 o *I2 SJ ' **
o .S a M
PH 13 'S ^ ^
a> s^ B o ns
, 9 2 ^ t: P
^ a? i d ^ ^
O *44 ^ j ,] r _Q Q^
I
bb
PH > g
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I
g 1
00
I
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f I
r i ^
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C.O Ol Oi
CO Tf CM
C<1 i-
CO OS
<rq CM
"* ^ CO -^
O O CO ^
co -rh 10 -^
3
a
'H
CO
bb
b-
S C
f l
d g
^ S
o
> o
bo
bb
e
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05
s. s.
bJD
^a
'
|
5
a
i- 5 o
^ o*
s
i
S
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bo
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1 'I I
o fl s
I
1
00
o
10
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OCO SH O^^H' 'COO
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i
fl fl
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.
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O
1
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bb
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a
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a
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I
ver. I
imper
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I. 1
1 |
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n
*
u
<M oo
6 o"
00 CO ^
01 Oi Oi
rH , I <M
1^1
00 ' CO CM CO
"^ O co O i t
Tti (jq cq CO 1Q
O O
co co
C5 1C
CM CO
bb
rn rahmaft
omin.
.S
bb
1
|
8
i
13
1
^
co
%
CD
1
bb
CD
1
'43
1
bb
s
2
S
o
3
bi
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i
1
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a
c6
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a
fl"i
1
s
a
^
I
ofl
_0
s
43
3
a
rahmat fo
f
CD
CD
1
prepositio
^
nomen ag<
'a,
03
O
1
^3
&
fcj
CD
3
o
-<
CD
1
O
^1
tM tM 13
I I
P, &H -
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if
ii 1 1 1
S3 eel c6
I
IO XO ^ CO C*! "^ CO O^ OO CO r i C 1 ! * CO
i-HO*OOCiOCO$O ^H IO O5 ^fC^CO
^^l^cOC^COlOCO XO^rH dG^CO
1
i
i
bb
r^ ri
^ ^ o g -*- jo,
| i ) " '
o kT ^ c* "*
9 fc I' I i
.& m 5 P^
d
o
o
a
8 8
b
'S3
co o
tf
proximity
O ^
1 1
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h 0)
02 -1
> PH
.-
5
GR. II.
t-M
.s -I
o o o
^ CO CO
CO QO iH
-^ rH IO
o
H
1-a
t/T i ~o
. ^
ft
~ ^
fl '
o
II
kadhalika
m* n
v
<M IO CO
cq 10 co
co
co <n co (M i i
O O5 -^ t-- CO
CO CM O >O CO
1
J
o
fl
T3
I
I
8
S -g
ab M
.S w>
d r - s
- .
I '-I
M
f H
f 1
'o o
o o
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50
o 1 *
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I
8* S^
^
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3
83 B -
^ ^
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S <rH
1 , d
I 1
^
2 cS -t- 3
M o^ <&
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22
u
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00
o
co
QO r-
CO i-H
^JH CO
CM CO
CO 10
CO "^
V
00
<M
o
co
8
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i
tf.
a
I
4J
i
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I
1
A
1
o
s
ctt
g
CO
g
s s
cc
Stf
?-H
d
d
o
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1
ti
a
d
^o
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:omm. accusati
1 1
^ 'B-
*S eg
ctt ^
S s^
^5
|
f
|
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*co
nomin., con.
i
rO
do
.S
1
1
1
d
o
S
1
ri
I
w
d 'I
P fe
1
e3
J:
1
1
t
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9
1
1 S i' * 3
< JS c ?3 <<
$
S Q efl P
1 -a ^ .a
s ^ s
s
^
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O as
X 8
1O CO <M CO
S 3 CO ^
co co
co cq
GO
s
6
*
co co c<j co
*O *<* CO Oi
"* <M CO i i
60 4
43
a
so
CO
a
|
a
s
'fa
o
--*
9
*O2
A
f
mm. dep.
* I 2 & *
d ^ b 1 ^ ^'
pre
ad
bb >
n. ag. IV, masc.
from denominat:
a
-2
CO
negative verb
I
1
.3 I
^2 ^>
.3
\
05
<M
CO CO CO
1-4 CO ^
r-O
10
t^
10
CO
o
o
*. 10
.S CO r-H fr-
- co "* i i ^
g-
-s
1
s,
(M
(M
8
S ^j
I 1
I
PH
tH "^
S
pre
bio
a
HH Q
^S 1
> A
2 2
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o* c8
cS
d
I
a 3
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8 ^ o
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GO GO
CO
GO 1O
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co
e fc
l
g
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CO
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s ^
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il
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5
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CO i i ^ iO
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CO O CO
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8
to e
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1
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1.
a
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4
00
CO
1
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H
o^ S hO rO i>O I^H
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10 00 O O 10 05 ^
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^ wo e
t- c<i 10 as ;
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co co co co co
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% 1
1
1
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CM
tb
1
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1
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1C "- ' O5 i I i I COOiOS
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Oi <M , I
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a <s
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1
co
rd nomin.
d
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niasc.
&b
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CO
o
^
d
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ti
3
bJO
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1
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CO
bb
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CO
bb
I
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S If
> PH <4-(
declension only
triptote defined
adverb
1
i
1
1
d
CH
'co
a
a
tJ
c
I =5
3.2
^ C^
3 ^
<
cS - 1O
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1
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CO Oi <M CO
Ci O CO 10
<M CO CM ^
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CO CO <?^ <M T*H
10
o oo
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f 1 2,
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4
1;
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CO CO 1O
CO t>* CO C^l
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CO 1O 1O CO
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CO i I CO CO GO
CO CO 1O CO O5
10
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6 &b
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CO -*
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a
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1
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d
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ai
1
1
t
tawafifa
muslimin
!,
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f
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GLOSSARY.
x
Right hand, O*^~
right side, oath.
Belonging to Yaman.
X OJ
Right, on the ^-^ >
light hand.
Right wing (of an army).
January. j+-
Become ripe : IV *.
same meaning.
Inf. of jL.
Joseph.
Day, battle- ^L
day.
To-day.
The day of the
palace, i.e. the day on which
the Caliph 'Othinan was
murdered in his palace (18th
of Dhu -1 Hijja, 35 A.H.).
On that day, then.
J , 6t
Be easy, play at
maisir (hazard) : IV be at
ease, be rich : V become easy
(in mind) : VIII divide by
lot a slain beast : X be easy.
Left hand, left side ;
proper name masculine.
Easy, little, few.
xO 3
Left, on the L>*"~ *
left hand.
Left wing (of an army).
J
Chrysolite.
IV waken.
Watchful, vigilant.
IV make sure, feel
sure.
Julian.
II direct one's course
towards.
Sea.
GLOSSARY.
ace., put (anyone) in charge
of, appoint to the command
of : V take charge of, look
after, turn aside : VI follow
successively : X 'ala, make
one's self master of.
Governorship, province.
Friend, protector.
Governor.
More or most worthy,
having a better, or the best,
right.
* fO*
Client, enfran-
chised slave.
Proper name mas-
culine.
VIII suspect.
An authorised agent.
Nor.
Bear (children).
Son, child. . *
Proper name masculine.
,0*> Os JO
Name ^XXoJI jut ^
of the sixth Omaiyad Caliph.
*
Slave-girl.
Father.
Mother.
Time of birth.
Hereditary property.
Be near or beside : i^3
II turn one's back, retire,
take to flight ; with double
The old name of
Medina.
Of.
Hand, power, jut
band.
Before.
They
were a single band against,
were united in opposition
to...
Me, of ^-3^
me, my.
O, oh.
IV cause to despair.
Be dry.
IV o/* a woman, have
orphan children.
A woman with orphan
children.
GLOSSARY.
Death.
Fix the time of
(doing anything).
^o'f.
Time. CASjl .
Appointed CU*3t^ ?*-
time or place.
s '
Fall, occur, be con- fc$j -
firmed ; bi, fall upon ; 'ila,
come to : IV bi, inflict (as
a punishment) upon : X ex-
pect.
Battle.
Stand still ; 'ala,
stop on arriving at.
Pause.
Guard : IV make
to guard : VIII guard one's
self, fear.
s 6 s
Fear of God, piety.
Devout.
Corrobo- jufb^iJ
ration.
Entrust, commit to
one's charge : II make (a
person) one's wakil; bi, make
guardian of, put in charge
of : V trust one's self to a
reliable agent.
Promise ; with double jifrj
ace., promise anyone any-
thing : III fix time and
place for the execution of
a promise, appoint a time or
place with.
* x
A promising.
Time or place of ap-
pointment, promise.
Warn : VIII be
admonished.
Warning.
Re- A^]t ^
ceptacle.
'ala, come to (a
prince).
Name of a
metre.
Ill coincide with,
fit in with : IV fit (an arrow
to the string) : VI come to
an agreement : VIII happen.
Be faithful to one's ^^
engagement; bi, fulfil (a
promise) : II come up to :
V of God, take to Himself ;
passive, die (a blessed death) :
VI come together, be mus-
tered in full strength.
GLOSSARY.
Qualification ; an adjec-
tive, a qualificative clause.
Join, make close ;
'ila, reach : III associate with,
be joined in friendship with.
x
Union. ^
Waglan.
A conjunctive clause.
IV bi and ace.,
recommend (anyone) to.
X
Put, place, put
down, put aside : IV go
quickly.
x
Position.
Humiliation.
Place where anything
is put down, place.
A board on which
flesh is cut up.
Trample on : III be
in accord with.
II with ace. and
'ala, make (one's self) resolved
to, form a resolution to : X
choose for an abode, settle
in.
Abode.
Behind.
From behind, behind.
(Literally,
burden-bearer) ; minister of
a sovereign, vizier.
Pillow.
Among, into Jxwj
the midst of.
Middle, centre.
Be as wide as, be
wide enough for, comprise,
contain : VIII be wide.
Proper name masculine. * ,w!j
X flock together ;
'ala, persevere unanimously
in.
Doze, (impf.
sleep.
A sleeping.
Drowsiness.
V gird one's self
with (a sword).
Name of a moun-
tain-pass.
Describe.
Slave.
Mo
GLOSSARY.
He sent
Tariq to his destination.
Place to which one is
going.
One, single, j**. I j
singular number.
'ila, reveal to,
suggest to, inspire.
Wish. ,>3 -
Let, let be : II take cjj -
leave of, say farewell to :
IV 'inda, commit to the
charge of, deposit with.
IV perish. ^jj
Water-course, valley. ^tj
Name of a place. *)
Leave. (This verb is
not used in the perfect.)
Inherit : IV cause
to inherit, leave as a heritage
to : VI bequeath from one
to another, possess by right
of inheritance.
Heir. AJ^
Come down to, come
to.
VI conceal one's
self, take shelter.
bi, place confidence
in, trust : V min of person
and f i of thing, assure one's
self of (anyone's) fidelity in
(anything).
Confidence, a person in <uu
x
whom confidence is placed.
Covenant, promise.
Proper name mas-
culine.
'ala, be binding v**^ ""
on, be imposed (as a fixed
penalty) on.
Find.
IV pain, hurt.
Pain, illness.
Fear.
Be silent.
II go (in a certain
direction), send : V turn
one's self (in a certain direc-
tion), set out.
Face, surface, o^j *.
level, direction, manner.
* * J
I went in iv>j ^ e
the direction of my face, i.e.
without caring whither.
GLOSSARY.
Repent.
Terror, tempest.
Head.
II w^A ace. and 'ala
make light of (anything) to
(anyone), represent to anyone
that a thing is inconsider-
able.
Light, easy.
IV fall, sink, throw
one's self down.
She, it. ^
.
II prepare, make LA
ready : V prepare one's self.
Equipment, appear- Sllij 2
ance, demeanour, condition.
Fear. (for
Intend ; bi, intend ^A
to, be on the point of : V
be preoccupied, anxious ; bi,
give one's mind to.
Energy, enterprise.
They two, both
of them.
Belonging to
Hamadhaii (the ancient Ec-
batana).
Compression
Hamzah.
Neighing,
Here.
There.
Be pleasant ; make UA
ready : VIII administer well.
He, it. IA
T> / / | J * X v , J J
-t*6 tin- (ifYL'Ds Ljfl.J) LJC
And, even, also ; before a $
nominal sentence, whereas,
while, since, when ; with the
genitive in oaths, by.
Alas. |^
^ftme n f a tribe ij^t^
wholesome.
Mischief. cJWj
Strin " of the jo uJc
bow.
'ila sprin" 1 up and ja
run towards ; 'ala, spring
upon.
X
And if, although. , !
nr
GLOSSARY.
jui
Flee.
Flight.
Aaron.
Be emaciated.
Put to flight :
VII be put to flight, flee.
Flight.
Proper name mas
culine.
Name of the
Prophet's biographer (died
218 A.H.).
Particle of interrogation ; J>A
whether.
l j & Ji
Hast thou
a desire to...?
Why... not?
Name of a governor
of Khorasan (died 83 A.H.).
Perish, die : IV
destroy, kill.
Inf. of dUA.
Come here !, come !
,
They,
them.
see IJub.
Awake.
Proper name mas-
culine.
Go down into, enter.
The Flight
(of Muhammad from Mecca
to Medina, 622 A.D.), the
Hegira.
One who quits the desert ^l^Jo
in order to live in a town.
Those who accom- C^J^^-o^l
panied Muhammad in his
flight to Medina.
Proper name mas- *a*v* ~"
culine.
Destroy, demolish.
Direct : IV li, give
as a present to : VIII find
good guidance, take the right
way-
Guidance.
One led aright.
This. ^jlA ,
Name of a tribe.
Belonging to the tribe ."j,
of Hudhail.
GLOSSARY.
nr
Hell-fire.
Light.
Candle-
stick, minaret.
Ill attack.
Kind, variety, ct
She-camel.
VI grasp, seize.
Sleep. (for
Sleep.
II write the letter
The twenty-sixth letter
of the Arabic alphabet,
Adding of the letter
II bi, exalt, elevate.
4 *
Kernel.
Me.
Canine tooth.
Reach, (for
UM
overtake, obtain, get at.
Intrepid.
Flow.
River, runnel,
rill.
^
Name of a district
south-east of Baghdad.
Day.
* o
Name of a tribe.
Stand up, rise.
II desist, refrain.
Be intelligent,
prudent.
Forbid : VI 'an,
abstain from : VIII come to
an end ; 'ila, arrive at.
^ s to J A
Proper name mas-
culine.
End, limit.
Noah.
Shine.
Fire.
The twenty-seventh letter ,
of the Arabic alphabet, h.
see
Him, it.
Her, it.
Lo!
U-
U
Ml
GLOSSARY.
J X * ^ ^
Ex- .i*N>Ui *. <i.., A a.3 ^o u****-*
" < ^
quisite.
j5lU 4JUU* JA3-
Advantage.
VIII avenge one's self ; min,
take vengeance on.
Ml ^X
Clean, pure. .Ju ^ii
V put or carry (a v*^
bow) on one's shoulder.
> ZsJO*
Name of a place. ^X^J t
, j
expend.
culine.
IV with double ace., Ou
marry (anyone) to.
deny, disavow.
Negative. <uslj ^ s^U
Be strange : IV re- j>
gard as strange, deny, dis-
avow ; with ace. of thing and
'ala of person, be displeased
with (anyone) for.
X
Indefinite, undefined. 5>3
Disapproved. j&*
X J
danger),
o j
Name of a tribe. *xiu
X J
Be deficient, fall ^JAAJ
short.
x
Diminution. . ^OL&J
Incomplete. ^^SU
X J
leave.
j
Break (a com- ^AAJ
pact).
Name of a place. J**- 1
Ox
Dust. 3tJU JtAJ
Frequent, vast 313
(mortality).
Collective, ants. ^/-^ c^*^
ila, be conveyed to, ^-o-*
be reported to.
'an, hand down c^"^
from, relate on the authority
of: VIII move from one
place to another, depart.
Roaring. w^t*** Wi ^V J
X J
'ila, penetrate to, *y>
continue one's march to.
GR. II.
GLOSSARY.
n
jo
of doing so : IV <ala, shed
blessing on, bless, benefit ; li,
say " yes " to (anyone).
Yes.
Collective, herds (of
camels or sheep).
Verb of praise, be good,
be excellent.
Benefit, benefi-
cence, prosperity.
Enjoyment.
Proper name mascu-
line.
Name of a tribe.
With ace. and bi, *Ju
throw (anything) at (anyone).
VIII be swollen,
inflated.
He was afraid.
Flee, run away : jju
X induce to flee.
A number of people j
(from three to ten), a few.
^ A -
Name of a tribe.
3 Of- 33 Os
Soul, self.
Preciousness, exquisite- iwU.3
ness.
Inf. of jcu ; victory.
Christianity.
Proper name masculine.
The Helpers (of
Muhammad at Medina).
Belonging to the **
v ^
Helpers.
Name of the second
'abbasid Caliph.
Half.
Fall out : X detach
one's self, fall out.
A she-camel that conveys water.
With ace. and bi, 4.cu
shoot at (anyone) with (ar-
rows), discharge a volley (of
arrows) at.
Speak, utter.
Look, see ; 'ila,
look at; fi, look into, con-
sider : VIII await, expect.
Supervision.
Describe.
Live agreeably :
III find for another the means
GLOSSARY.
down to combat with, enter
the lists with : IV send down.
Inf. of JjJ. J&
3 6,
Hal ting- place, Jjv** ;*-
dwelling, abode.
Women.
'ila, attribute to,
refer to : VIII tell one's
lineage.
Lineage, descent. ^ -..'
Abrogate, tran-
scribe.
Transcript, manu-
script, text.
Naskhi, the name
given to the Arabic character
as ordinarily written.
Forget.
Remember : III with
double ace. or ace. and fi,
beseech (God) for (anything) :
IV with double ace., recite
(poetry) to (anyone).
Spread, spread
abroad,
li, counsel.
Assist.
Inf. of
Make haste !
Place of refuge.
Cut the throat of,
slaughter.
Throat.
We.
s
Towards, in ^.a^J j
the direction of; with num-
bers, about.
Region, quarter.
Name of <LUaL-Jt
a place in 'iraq.
'ala, repent of.
Ill cry out, cry out
to ; with ace. and bi, pro-
claim to anyone that...: VI
cry out to one another.
j
Crier, herald.
Be on one's guard :
IV warn; bi, warn (anyone)
of (a thing).
Draw off, take otf, cJJ
pull out : VIII take away.
Descend, alight, JjJ -
encamp, disembark ; with ace.,
alight at, dwell in : III come
GLOSSARY.
'ila, turn aside to, JU
pass over to; ma 'a, side with :
X gain over to one's side.
A pointed instrument Ju*
for treating the eye with
antimony.
Proper name feminine.
Flocks, Jl^if ^ JU -
property, wealth.
Be full of water. <?U '
Water. <>U * *Co
- VL
Provisions, *j-j-o juv* _
supplies.
Specification. J+++3 j^ -
Shake, wave.
X min, advance in
front of, go ahead of.
Scatter, empty.
Take out.
Proper name
masculine.
Hill. j^^Jl .
Energy, vigour.
Proper name mas-
culine.
Ill with double ace., ;^J
prepare for (hostilities) a-
gainst, offer battle to : IV
fulfil : VI engage in battle.
Star.
Escape, hasten : (s^j
II and IV save, deliver.
Us.
see
Be far, remote j 'an,
be distant from.
II inform : V call
one's self a prophet.
Story.
Prophet.
Spring forth (o/* a
jofew^) : II plant, sow.
Collective,
plants.
Pulpit.
Name of a pre- iabUJ I
islamic poet.
Collective,
arrows.
VIII awake.
lev
GLOSSARY.
Ml '
Name of a place. <*-M-
Fill ; with double ace. *$**>
or ace. and min, fill with.
Collective, chieftains, S$~t>
chiefs.
- o ' Jx*
Manna ; grace, ^-*
favour.
J JO J
Since. A-j *>**
withhold (anything) from
(anyone) : VIII defend one's
self.
M X "
Defence. 4*-^
Smooth.
Malaga. AiJL
Possess, control. *iU*o
King. ^)^A . iXXo
Kingdom. *iU-o
Proper name >iU*e^ *&(*
masculine.
V desire. L5"*"*
Death, fate. blu *- <u^
..- '**
Object of desire. *~ul
basis.
Ox
Dowry. j*v* ,/v*
l v go soitiy , leu c^v**
7Qif lof KA rnvprprlp.rl. hti n,
Proper name mas-
neqative and followed by ace.
O t a, culme.
and < or ^, not delay A pointed ingtru .
to... anyone, soon (do any-
thing to) anyone.
Gentleness. J>v
'
Whatever.
Die : (for O^e) Olo ^
IV cause to die.
Death.
Dead.
J
Name of a place.
Moses.
ment for treating the eye
with antimony.
Who 1 ^
Who? 1
He, she, or they who,
one who, those who, whoever,
if anyone.
o
Of, from, out of, by, on <j>*
the part of ; after a compara-
tive, than.
GLOSSARY.
Causing
intense pain
The Mudarites
or Northern Arabs.
Chew. * JM> ^
Go, go on, pass : ^AA
IV bring to pass, fulfil.
j
Name of a OjJ-kOf
place near Damascus.
With, along with. *j i*
VIII be angry.
Name of a place.
Mecca.
Meccan.
Remain, wait.
Contrive ; bi, de-
ceive, cajole.
IV be possible ;
ace. and min, give anyone
power over, put a thing with-
in one's reach.
Influential, having
authority.
Possible.
Name of a place.
x
A religion. oLc JJU
Proper name masculine.
Name of a pre-
islamic poet.
(with the article
A woman, a wife.
Name of the
fourth Omaiyad Caliph.
a
The party of Mar-
wan as represented by his de-
scendant, 'abdu '1 Rahman.
Mary.
Name of a tribe.
Touch.
The -L^^\ r ^
anointed, Christ.
Christian. * ~, . m ^
bi, hold, take hold JLL& '
x
of: II perfume with musk;
bi, hold tight : IV seize :
V bi, lay hold of.
Bracelet.
IV enter on the
time of evening, become.
Sro, walk.
Egypt.
District, pro-
vince.
I CO
II make soft.
Softness.
GLOSSARY.
Night.
A night.
Proverb.
Likeness, the like, the
same, like, one like.
Extend : II stretch jc
much or often : III contend
in pulling : IV make ample,
increase ; help : V stretch
one's self : VI of two persons,
stretch (a cloth) together :
VIII become extended : X
seek aid from, ask for rein-
forcements.
Prolongation. jk*
o
Succour, rein- .jtjuo! -*. ,>jk-o
forcement, auxiliary force.
Tall ; name of a metre. Ju jc
City.
bi or ; ala, pass by : X
continue.
Time, point of time.
More or most firm.
t.' t>
A man. \*\
Not. U
What '] U
What then 1 What 1 13 U
What, whatsoever, that U
which ; if anything ; as long
as, as far as.
Used intensively after an in-
definite noun, e.g.,
What a man to to J*I$
have been slain !
Lo with the perfect or jussive
is sometimes equivalent to an
infinitive.
As, just as.
A OULo >
hundred.
Two hundred.
A #
Com-
modity, article of merchan-
dise.
When, whenever.
V absolutely or with
bi, quote, employ as a simili-
tude or illustration.
GLOSSARY.
one another, confer, meet in
combat.
Inf. of ,j) I and III ; sUD
meeting, combat.
Opposite. UJb ,>3 gU
But.
Not.
Why?
When ', with the jussive not
yet.
VIII seek for,
try to find.
Not.
Even though.
If... not.
Table, ^t^JI ,
tablet.
Blame, reproach.
Blame.
Colour.
Would that !
Belonging to the
tribe of Laith.
Is not.
Name of a place
below Mecca.
Curse.
IV disappoint, ^*J
frustrate.
Word, language. ii)
i / \ ? J
bi, join (anyone) ^su
with, cause (anyone) to be-
come engaged with.
Involved, intricate.
VIII 'ila, turn C*
towards, pay heed to.
Eject, emit, exude. ia
Word, expression.
Literal, verbal.
IV find. 3
Picked up
(from the ground), scattered.
Catch up and
swallow : II cast (a thing)
to be seized and swallowed :
V catch up and swallow (for
one's own advantage).
A - t
Proper name mas-
culine.
Meet, confront :
III meet : IV throw, cast
down : V come forth against,
meet : VI and VIII meet
ur
Overtake, rejoin.
Flesh.
Battle.
GLOSSARY.
Beard.
Proper name masculine.
Name of a tribe.
Essential
part, gist.
Belonging to the
tribe of Lakhm.
VIII strike the ^ jj
breast (in mourning).
With, beside, near.
From the side of,
from.
<j J
Roderic.
Stay by, keep a ^
close watch over.
Confined to the subject,
intransitive.
Tongue. ^jLJ
V li, flatter, beguile.
Play.
Perhaps.
Ill baina, reconcile.
Verily if.
Name of a tribe.
II seize by the neck
or breast and drag along,
collar.
The part of the body dJ
just below the throat.
Delay ; with nega- w-J
fix
tive and ^^^ not be long
before....
Proper name mas-
culine.
Clothing. ^U,
The utmost
degree of hunger.
Covering for
the mouth, mouth- wrapper.
fi, persist in. >J
'ila, seek refuge in. UJ -
Place of refuge. CsLJU
Bit, bridle. ^UJ
Proper name masculine.
IV 'ala of person
and fi of thing, importune
(anyone) to do (anything).
GLOSSARY.
ur
Be. Also used
as an auxiliary verb.
Be-
cause the authority had be-
longed to Yusuf.
Place where one is, \^\A
place, position.
JO , 2t * x
Because <u* ^.^^.cJ t O^-^
of al Sumail's influence over
him.
Deceive, act deceit-
fully.
How?
Name of honour (the
name of a son or daughter
preceded by " Father of" or
"Mother of").
Proper name mas-
culine.
With (for
following impf., be just on
the point of, be almost...;
preceded by a negative, not
be near, be far from....
Province.
1
Name of a town
on the Euphrates.
He c^jJU UU*
sent a messenger to demand
the coats of mail.
That, in order that. J
Li of command. Jj J
Not. ^
The twenty-fourth letter
of the Arabic alphabet, I.
IV send. ^
Angel.
t> e.
see iVil.
Verily, surely. [TAis J J
cannot always be translated.]
To, belonging to, refer- Jj J
ring to, due to, for the use
of, for, because of, on account
of ; in oaths, by ; in dates,
at, on, e.g.
When ^ef.j ^ O>^ u~^
five nights of Rajab had
passed (literally, at five
nights...).
After a tamyiz or hdl J ex-
presses the accusative, e.g.
U
Speaking, speech.
Word, utterance.
Interlocutor.
How much 1 How many 1
2 j
You, ye.
see U.
You two.
Tucked
up.
Be or become
complete.
Complete.
Lie in ambush,
conceal one's self.
Ambush, men in am-
bush.
GLOSSARY.
VII turn aside.
Quiver.
Name of a tribe.
Church.
VIII surround,
invest.
Side.
Call anyone by
his name of honour : II same
meaning.
Cover up, ignore
(God's benefits), be ungrate-
ful, disbelieve : II efface.
Unbeliever.
Office of
viceroy.
bi, that which guaran-
tees.
With double ace., be
sufficient for anyone against,
rid anyone of (a disagreeable
thing or person).
II stud.
All, every, the whole.
Whenever, as often as.
Everyone.
On no account, by
no means.
Both.
Dog.
Proper name ^
masculine.
Daughter of 'all.
Wound : II wound
much, speak to, address, talk
with : V speak.
GLOSSARY.
That which is disliked, .
hostile action, violence.
Break, pronounce (a jL$=>
consonant) with the vowel i.
x
Kasrah.
Place of breaking.
Flank.
_ -r.. .?.*
Wounded in the flank; -
proper name masculine.
'an, lay bare, oLt>r>
expose, reveal, remove : III
show one's self hostile to, be
the declared enemy of: YII
be uncovered, be manifest,
be put to flight; 'an, get
clear of : VIII uncover one's
self.
Proper
name masculine.
The temple at Mecca.
Stop, refrain : K
endeavour to prevent (any-
one from doing something).
Hindering.
Equal pU^t >. <=>
(in birth or rank).
li, equal to, a match for.
Treated with antimony.
Name of a hill near
Mecca.
Name of a hill near
Mecca.
Hard ground.
Lie : II declare
to be a liar, accuse of impos-
ture; bi, discredit (a thing).
see
'ala, make a fresh
attack on, charge.
Attack.
Proper name mas-
culine.
Seat. .-*tj^= >
'ala, be honoured, ^>j^
held in high esteem by.
Liberality.
Noble. ^
Dislike : X. force
(anyone to do what is dis-
liked).
Inf. of
GLOSSARY.
Belonging to the tribe
of Qais.
Name of a
tribe.
Slave-girl.
Military centre,
town held by a garrison.
Proper name mascu-
line ; name of a tribe.
Troop.
Writer, scribe, clerk.
School. ^JUU
J s
Anything ^..^bCo *.
written, document, letter.
Shoulder.
Conceal ;
'ala, keep anyone's secret.
Hill. *r*A y2g
X
J J
Be numerous, ^^
become much or many : IV
'ala, press hard, urge on (with
reproaches).
0"
Abundance.
Abundant, possessing
abundance.
More or most
(in number) ; more or most
abundant.
Treat (the eyelid)
with antimony (kuhl).
Thee.
Like, as.
IV 4 ala, stoop over, w^
throw one's self upon.
Be old.
Be great : II cry
x o j i x
xUt, exalt : V magnify
one's self, be proud : X be
puffed up with pride.
Great, grave j\+=>
(sin), chief.
xO J
Greater, great- ^j-*^
j
est ; plural j^Vt, chiefs.
Ram, ^pMA=9
chieftain.
Write: III
write to.
Letter, book.
GLOSSARY.
Speech, saying, expres- AJlix>
sion.
Stand, arise, stop ; ^ell
bi, conduct, direct; li,. with-
stand ; 'ila, rise and go to-
wards : IV make to stand
upright, maintain, perform,
conduct, remain in a place :
X hold one's self upright,
become in a right state,
behave properly, be firmly
established.
Kinsfolk, people, some.
i
Resurrection.
Price.
Everlasting.
Place.
Straight.
Be or become \J>5* ~
strong : II strengthen, inspire
with courage.
Strength, force, might. 3j$
Strong; 'ala, ^3-5! -* ^5$
' w "
strong enough for, able to
take.
More or most strong ;
'ala, abler for.
Moon.
Lunar.
The lunar reckoning.
w J
Collective, lice. ^J-o-5 J*$
A louse.
bi, be content with : a^S
IV satisfy.
z*
(Collective 1*3 _LS
^
spears.
Overcome. ^5
Lead : IV give re- ,>15
taliation to : X take retalia-
tion.
Leader.
j ?. ju
juls
^r!
Bow-maker, cavass.
The Goths.
Say, speak, think ; Jls
li, name : II declare (anyone)
to have said (anything) : III
converse with, argue with :
IV same meaning as II : V
'ala, invent lies about, calum-
niate.
Word, speech, saying.
GLOSSARY.
IV seat, en-
to support
throne.
Lowest part,
bottom.
Shake.
IV bring back ; 'ala,
put a padlock on.
Padlock. JUS
Rhyme, verse. <U*15 ^A3
IV treat as light, JJL5
carry easily.
Paucity, deficiency.
Little, few.
For a little while.
Change (transitive)
J.JL5
VII be changed, be trans-
lated (by death), be rendered,
turn away, withdraw, return.
Heart, mind, middle,
centre.
Mental, intellectual.
transition.
V hang (a sword)
upon one's self.
VIII tear, tear out.
Ordain, decide,
perform : VII be finished,
come to an end.
Destiny.
Judge.
Rain, j
Cut, cut off, cut Jft$ \*
down, cross, cease from (do-
ing a thing) : II cut off,
mangle, divide : VII be cut
off', be ended, cease.
Fragment.
A piece, a frag- Ja3 *.
ment.
More or most cutting
off.
xJx OS-
One who, more
than any of us, severs the
ties of relationship.
Picking olUS oUaJ
(of fruit).
Coverlet. aaJaS
Proper name ^eUa.5
feminine.
Sit, seat one's
self, come to the throne ;
'an, hold back from, refuse
K2
GLOSSARY.
'ala, divide (any- ^^ 5
thing) among (a number of
persons) : IY swear.
Oath.
Proper name masculine.
J X
Division. ^^UU >.
Name of a place.
YIII take U^
vengeance.
Story, tale.
J
The intes- ^.M^IS
tines.
Chief city, capital.
Make for, go
towards, intend.
Destination.
II fail in strength,
be unable to go further.
Castle.
Shortened (of a word
in which \ takes the place
of ,f ).
Y investigate ^*A$ -
thoroughly, explore.
X Of.
Furthest, most remote.
a, swoop
down upon.
Reading, Goran.
Reader of the Goran.
Be near ; min, come ,.
near, approach : II bring
near : YIII draw near.
Near min, near to,
approaching to.
More or most near.
Appropinquation.
Name of a metre.
x
Monkey. 5j^,5 ^ $j$
' CL
Name of the
Prophet's tribe.
Belonging to the tribe
of Quraish.
IY lend.
Loan.
Cordova.
Name of a tribe.
Belonging to the tribe
of Quraim.
JJ Ox
Horn,
Contemporaneous.
Yillage.
IPO
GLOSSARY.
Arrow. *-J^-
'ala, have power
over, get.
Providence.
Powerful ; 'ala, able to
(accomplish anything).
Future.
Come ; 'ala, come
to: II bring forward, appoint
as leader : IV 'ala, advance
against : V go forward, pre-
cede.
Foot. ^eJj
In front of. j*\j
Inf. of ^JA
Vanguard of an army.
Throw, throw away.
IV cause to remain ; jj.$
'ala, establish anyone in (a
position) : X stand firm,
establish one's self (at a
place).
Read ; 'ala, read \jS
aloud to : III read with
(anyone) : "IV teach reading
or reciting : X desire anyone
to read.
Beforehand. JIs
bi, power of resisting.
From, on the part of. jJ.3
Southern.
Opposite.
- f
A little before, just
before.
Tribe.
Proper name mascu-
line.
Kill : II massacre :
III fight with ; 'an, fight in
defence of: VI fight with
one another : VIII same
meaning.
Fighting, battle. JUS
Slain, a slain man.
Killing, occasion of
killing.
IV fi, cause to
invade : VIII throw one's
self into or upon ; invade,
attack.
Particle preceding the j3
Perfect and denoting priority
in time.
GR. n.
Interrogation.
Pass by, escape from.
The pilgrimage -jj*J I
passed by them, i.e. they
failed to perform it.
Obtain, be done for, jU
be (as good as) dead: IV
cause to obtain.
Prize. jj$
Be above: IV Jt$
recover from illness or a
swoon, awake.
Above, over. Jf^S
In, into, among, on, .J
with, concerning, notwith-
standing.
Shade. P _U_
C
GLOSSARY.
Plough: IV prosper.
Ploughman.
IV become destitute.
J Oc.
A copper
coin.
Ark, ship or
ships.
Mouth. (genitive
Name of a tribe.
Belonging to the tribe
of Fihr.
Perceive : X inform
one's self, interrogate.
Name of a tribe.
JL3
God took him unto dJUt
Himself.
Turn towards : . L
II kiss : III be opposite to :
IV advance ; 'ila, approach :
VI face one another : X turn
one's face towards, confront.
Receive, accept.
Before.
Tent, ^US -*. *
room.
Make abominable.
"TliA J ~s J \\
^*M*jLoJ)
Self -instructor," title of a
work by Ibn Hayyan.
Take, seize;
passive, die : VII draw one's
self together, writhe.
GLOSSARY.
Ot
Break, disperse :
VII become dispersed.
Expose, discover.
Surpass : II cause
to prevail, regard as superior,
favour: IV 'ala, confer bene-
fits on, treat liberally.
*
Excellence, bounty.
A redundancy, super-
fluity.
More or most excellent.
Pre-eminence.
Understand, per- ^
ceive.
Do, act.
Action, verb. JUJI *.
A way of acting.
Verbal.
Agent, subject (of a
verbal sentence).
Object (of a verbal
sentence).
Lose.
Thought, reflec- j&
tion.
Defeat. J3
Party, side.
X endeavour to
procure.
Cut (a hide or the
like), manufacture : VIII
manufacture for one's own
evil purpose, forge lies.
Strange, remarkable.
Be frightened :
IV frighten.
Fright.
VII be diffused, ~J -
float far and wide (of sound).
s J
Be spoilt, become *x~J -
corrupt : IV commit dis-
orders, make evil, corrupt,
waste.
Corruption, disorder.
Discover : II explain.
Explicative, commen-
tator.
Be impious.
Separate : II divide
into several pieces.
Separation.
Separated, distinct.
GLOSSARY.
Flee.
Scrutinise, inspect.
Flight.
Flight.
The river Euphrates.
IV li, make way
for : V be diverted, become
inattentive.
Rejoice.
Horse (masculine or feminine).
Horse- ^HjJ3^3 i^jr^j^ j* ^r^j*^
man, knight, cavalier.
Persian.
Naval <Loj3-
station, seaport.
araoh. Ut^
Be empty ; min, cj.5
finish with, make an end of :
IV empty by pouring out,
pour.
Split, divide : II JJJ
cause to break up : IV min,
recover from : V 'an, leave,
quit : VIII go asunder.
3
Criterion.
Victory, con-
quest.
Fathah. AaJ
xO
Key. *.UA*4 -~^AO
L. * C_ -
II examine.
Dissolution,
breaking up.
Courage.
Courageous, daring.
VIII yield to temp-
tation, be distracted (from
doing what is right).
Trial, temptation, ^s *. <U;3
" Q-
discord, civil war, rebellion.
Young man, warrior, ^jU
champion.
A legal ^3^3 |Ui *
opinion.
Wl X
One who ^U^ ^1.,^ .^
is foul or abusive in his
speech.
Dishonour.
Pride, j-**-* j****
boasting.
II let (anyone)
ransom.
GLOSSARY.
IV raid, make
plundering incursions.
Cave.
Raid, party of raiders.
VIII take by sur-
prise, attack unexpectedly.
Taking by surprise.
Go astray.
Error.
Be absent, disap-
pear : V go out of (anyone's)
sight, remove one's self to a
distance.
That which is hidden.
Other than,
except.
Followed by genitive,
without.
Proper name masculine.
j*. j+f-
Thicket.
Proper name masculine.
Cloud.
A cloud.
Shouting.
Pinch, squeeze:
II same meaning.
Inf. o/>U II.
Plunge.
Take spoil.
Collective, sheep.
Spoil, booty.
Spoil.
Be in circumstances .^Jc> -
of independence, be rich :
IV make rich : X make
one's self independent, dis-
pense with.
Sufficiency, power to *U^
defend one's self.
Rich, self-sufficing.
IV aid, help.
(a town), pronounce (a con-
sonant) with the vowel a :
VIII conquer : X open (a
quarrel), begin.
J OlO
The opener (feminine}.
Then, and, so, for ; with wJ>
subjunctive, so that. [ When
u5 introduces the apodosis, it
is not translated.^
Open, conquer, take
GLOSSARY.
Name of a tribe.
Belonging to the tribe
of Ghifar.
Forgiving.
Become negligent,
incautious ; 'an, neglect.
Insert. JL -
Fetter.
Overcome, con- ^Jl
strain ; 'ala, gain possession
of ; ivith ace. and 'ala, deprive
(anyone) of (a thing) by force,
rob anyone of : III try to
overcome, contend for supe-
riority.
He fell asleep.
Victory.
II be near the end
of the night.
IV shut fast, lock.
Youth, slave.
Be excessive (in price), *$>
be of high value : III try to
exceed, contend for superi-
ority.
^ at
More or most valuable.
Grief. J -
Confused affair, per-
plexity.
Edge (of the sword-
blade).
A strange one (feminine).
J ,
West. T^** *->j
A Moor. <yy
Gargle.
Be drowned :
IV drown, cause to drown.
Granada.
IV incite, urge on.
Make a raid
against, invade.
A raid.
Proper name masculine.
Cover, envelop,
conceal : IV cause to cover.
Take by force,
usurp.
Wrath. .
Angry.
II cover.
Forgive ; li, for-
>**
give (a person); li, of person
and ace., forgive (anyone) for
(anything), pardon anyone's
sin : X ask pardon.
GLOSSARY.
Fault. ^li
X
TV wi-fJi double nee * frC.
lend (anything) to (anyone) :
VIII take by turns : X. ask
the loan of.
An exposed or dan- *}}*
gerous place.
TV become destitute j &
Ass. j*.
JeSUS. ,-^eL
Live LJ!J\^
X
Life. cA*^
Name of the daughter <Ljlc
of 'Abu Bakr and wife of the
Prophet.
Flow III see with *jlc
of.
Want. j'^c.
Proper name mas- . JA.C.
culine.
3 jxOx
Proper name >o!aJtJt
one's own eyes,
spring of water.
Ox Ox
A particular or UAJ c*5^
specified time.
Name of a town j+ZJ \ &+
X
on the Euphrates.
masculine.
Ill help IV help ,j*>
VI help one another : X ask
for help ; bi, ask help of.
Assistance. O>^
Find f.ult with %_>l
On the next day. jJU I
Early morning.
*
This morning.
Deceive : II bi, ex- j.
pose to destruction, endanger :
VIII be beguiled.
Heedlessness, a moment 5^
of unpreparedness.
Dust.
Cheat : VI cheat
one another.
bi, act perfidious!} 1
towards, prove false to : III
leave behind.
Treacherous. jtj^
Morrow.
GLOSSARY.
Mean : VIII bi, ^ -
be occupied with, give one's
attention, to.
Allegorical, spiritual.
Meaning, signification,
hidden sense.
bi, care for, interest in.
Make a covenant ;
Ox 610 J ~
'ila, enjoin, charge : III make
a covenant with, swear to.
x
Covenant, promise, time, j^
meeting, familiarity, know-
ledge.
The last time &
of meeting thee.
Recently ac- ^
'* t *
quainted with.
j
Return; 'ala, have y>
reference to : III return to,
approach again : IV bring
back, restore.
That which refers back.
Piece of wood,
arrow.
Proper name
masculine.
Proper name masculine, j
Work ; pro-
w
vince, territory under a
governor.
vi j
Governor ; in JU^ ?* J**
grammar, regent.
Per- 0.3"^ Ft* jo^" ^5*^ ~~
manently blind.
ul J
li, show one's self &
to, appear to.
Rein. O^
x
From, away from, on ^c-
the authority of, concerning.
On the right hand.
He fought in his
defence.
He died
leaving three sons.
Name of a tribe.
Belonging to the tribe
of al-'anbar.
At, beside, with, in the
presence of, at the time of,
in the opinion of.
From.
VIII embrace (also
used of men fighting).
Neck.
I rv GLOSSARY.
VIII attire one's ^^f-
self with a turban.
Uncle on the father's side.
Turban.
The whole.
Betake one's self,
Support.
Pole of a tent.
Life. j-fr^J
By my life.
Name of the second
Caliph.
Name of djujj .,
a poet who lived under the
Omaiyads.
xOx, Ox J >, J
Name or J-jJ-*' J^ CH >o^
the eighth Omaiyad Caliph.
Ox fi 6 x
Proper name mas- j-o^j
culine.
Proper name masculine.
Proper name masculine ;
name of a tribe.
Do, act, make,
construct : X. make governor,
n/. of J^fr ; in gram-
mar, government, rection.
Having more or most
knowledge.
i '
Monument.
Be or become pub-
lie : IV make public, publish^ V
Be high : VI exalt
one's self, be exalted : VIII
get on the top of.
Sublimity.
Sublime.
Name of the Prophet's
son-in-law.
Higher, highest ; upper
part.
Over, upon, incumbent
upon, on the ground or con-
dition of, concerning, for, at,
by, towards, to, against, in
accordance with, on account
of, by means of.
X I XX
In that state.
Seize the
owner of (the man with) the
sword.
Thou art
witness against me as to that.
GLOSSARY.
Perhaps.
Excuse, pretext.
Assigning a reason.
Barbarian.
V bi, be suspended
to, adhere to, cling to, betake
one's self to (for refuge).
Thorny shrubs, bramble-
bushes.
J X 0.
Proper name mas-
culine.
Chew, champ.
Know ; bi, have
knowledge of, be aware of :
II teach : IV make known
to ; bi, acquaint (anyone)
with.
6
Knowledge.
Sign (set up as a guide
for travellers).
Mark.
Skilful ; bi, well ac-
quainted with.
One who knows,
scholar.
Oblique case, worlds,
created beings.
-*.
End, offspring, posterity.
End, latter part.
Chastisement.
End, result. 4*5 U
Jacob.
li, appoint (to a
command), make an agree-
ment with : III with ace. and
'ala, make an agreement with
(anyone) for, or on condition
of, doing (anything).
Understand ; pay
the blood-price (for a slain
person to his next of kin).
Name of a hill
at Badr.
Proper name
masculine.
'ala, cling to, be
attached to.
Name of a tribe.
A burden
which is balanced by another.
They fell (to ^^ U3J
the ground) together, neither
having thrown his adversary.
VIII excuse one's
self.
I re
GLOSSARY.
T)isoV>f k v _^ig.
X
Bite Lj&-
x
ling sound.
decision.
X ^ X
tion.
Receive IJ J gfive ljbc
n r *'
Camp, army. j&*~*
mutually : IY with double
ace., give (a thing) to (any one).
Ofr ^ x
A soldier's oLL.c-1 . t lL^
pay, allowance.
~. f
Given. Lc* 31 *-*
Be sreat * 'aln be j% e.
Tpn A A c A . . A r , A r
Twenty. O^j-^
Kinsfolk. QJ^C-
Assembly. fLat*
x t-i*>
very grievous to : II vene-
rate : IY regard as terrible,
be greatly scandalized by.
Largeness, great size. ^^
X
Great, mighty. ^...Jag
J s Ot
More or most great. ^Ksl
poet.
with a kerchief, turban, or
the like.
Band, company. ibLAC
l X X
Strong stout _JLo^
feminine.
Belonging to the ^^sUto
tribe of Ma'afir.
Forgive condone lie
culine ; name of a tribe.
XX 2 X
Rod, staff
Act undutiiully (to- ^fr
wards one's parents).
/?i/*. o/* J^. 3^*^
IT do (a,nything) a, ^_^5e. .
The slave of the LoaJ t jut
staff, i.e. a person of no
account.
Striker. ^^It
$
Struck. 3-ojU
second time, make a second
raid.
GLOSSARY.
irr
os.
Scent, perfume.
Sweet smell.
Elevated place ;
plural, uppermost parts (of
the partition between Para-
dise and Hell).
Spiritual insight.
Soothsayer, chief.
Chieftainship.
Knower, discerner.
Definition.
Face, feature ; t*J>jt
in the plural, friends, ac-
quaintances.
J . , ' ,. -
Knowledge, Ojlx* 9. AS*AA
C
defined; in the plural, friends,
acquaintances.
J A ^
Recognised, approved.
'iraq (the ancient Jjt/aJt
Babylonia).
J ^ A J
Proper name mas-
culine.
Be potent.
Potent, mighty.
II usuatty means
js.
discipline, chastise, constrain
by punishment ; also help.
That continued to be the best
that he and they could do.
*
Excuse.
The Arabs. *.
Most Arab.
Of pure
Arabian breed, Arabian,
Arabic.
Arab of the ^\j^
desert, Bedouin.
Arabicized.
63 3 3
btrong, Ju>j *j
hard.
Construct.
Throne.
Hut.
Show, exhibit :
II bi, hint at, make an allu-
sion to : V have within one's
reach.
Breadth.
Worthless goods, vanities.
Know, recognise, ^J>j>
perceive : II bi, acquaint (any-
one) with.
Be chief.
irr
GLOSSARY.
one's own evil ends, trans-
gress consciously.
- o u> j x
Singular and Jjit
collective, enemy.
Side.
Name of a tribe.
Proper name masculine ;
name of a tribe.
One at enmity with.
' Wl X X J
Transitive. <nj joLU ^o
x J xO J
Transgressor, ^jjujtc *.
C, =
Abstain : II re- ^j^
strain by punishment, punish.
V^
Be sweet.
Punishment.
Sweetness.
Excuse : II make jj&
a show or pretence.
Excuse.
Belonging to the tribe
of 'udhra.
Excuse, all that a per-
son can do under the circum-
stances ; defender.
(Seek) some O*^ O-* ^H**
one to defend thee from such
a one.
An old woman; rarely,
an old man.
Hasten : II do
quickly, accelerate : X seek
to do anything quickly.
Calf.
Bite.
Collective, date-stones,
foreigners, barbarians.
Foreign language. <ua.g
IY make ready :
Number.
Equipment, munitions
of war.
Be just : II make ^
straight or even.
Justice.
Lack, be without. ^ j*s-
Go beyond and \^j^ \j&
leave behind, pass away from,
transgress : II make pass,
give (a verb) a transitive sig-
nification : III be hostile to :
Y be transitive : YIII go
beyond and leave behind for
X li, make one's self ready
for.
Of-
Number.
oj*
GLOSSARY.
following genitive, outside
of.
Expressed.
Inf. ofjyk, manifes-
tation.
Exterior ; jA\&j with
Place of crossing, port.
Name of 'all's J*\i
uncle.
The 'abbasid ^
dynasty.
Arrow (with a broad head).
Proper wjlli ^^
name masculine.
Proper name masculine.
IV set free.
Be disdainful, dis-
obedient.
'ala, get knowledge
of, detect.
Name of the third
Caliph.
Wonder : IV fill
with admiration.
VIII 'ala, wrap,
wind.
'an, be unable to
J I 63
(accomplish anything).
9.
Proper name mas- pbjU
culine.
Worship.
* A
Ser-
vant, slave.
Proper name mascu- <UJ 1
line.
o Z *
Jrroper name tVQ.eh-Jt
masculine.
Name of the >_-iJk^ I
Prophet's grandfather.
Name of the fifth ^U^jf
Omaiyad Caliph (65-86 A.H.).
Proper name mas-
culine.
Proper name masculine.
Proper name masculine.
Proper name masculine.
Proper name mas- <JjT
culine.
Name of a cele- Sj>++. AJ|
brated scholar (died 210 A.H.).
Cross.
I r I GLOSSARY.
Name of a tribe.
The woman belong-
ing to the tribe of Taiyi'
proper name feminine.
Be good, be
pleasant : X think agreeable.
Goodness, fertility.
Good, sound, agreeable.
Fly (of a bird) : jib -
II make (a bird) to fly : Y bi,
draw an omen concerning
one's self from, attribute to
the bad luck of.
Omen.
Swift of flight.
Clay, mud.
Name of a town east
of Mecca.
Portion, party.
Deluge.
IY be able to cope
with (an enemy).
bi, power to cope with.
Be long, last long :
IY make long, prolong.
He did t j> Ji$ U Jli
thus for a long time.
3
Length.
Length ; \)\^o with
following genitive, during.
Long ; name of a metre.
Do wrong, injure,
treat unjustly : IY become
dark.
6 )
Darkness.
Thirst.
Think, suppose.
Appear, come to
light j 'ala, overcome : X *ala,
use precaution against, seek
to safeguard one's self against,
o *
Back, upper side.
Vessel, ad- op*
verb of time or place.
Local or temporal.
Conquer, gain the
victory ; bi, get possession of.
Pass the day, con- JJ
tinue, become : II spread for
shade.
Shadow. Jp
Canopy.
i2
GLOSSARY.
Let us go. \JJ
Divorced (of a woman).
Absolute.
Toledo.
Be effaced, ruined,
f i, desire lf\^
eagerly, hope for.
Eager desire, hope.
Be tranquil, be-
come at rest, settle down ;
'ila, have confidence in, be at
ease with regard to.
IV cut off.
Tent-rope.
Tangier.
j
li, be submissive to : elk
III be in accord with, com-
ply with : IV obey : X be
able.
Obedience.
The volunteers.
Complying with,
reflexive.
bi or haul a, go
round.
He (jaaJt J^tt. AJ
took him around the castle.
IV bi, present (any- o
one) with.
Proper name mascu-
line.
Come by night,
raid.
Way, path, course.
Way, course.
Proper name masculine.
Food.
Thrust, poke.
Tyrant.
Seek, follow up,
demand, ask for ; 'ala, per-
secute.
Learner, stu- ^
dent.
Name of Muham-
mad's uncle.
Rise (of the sun),
ascend, climb up, come forth;
'ala, come upon, look upon :
III overlook, survey.
One who is wont to Jp*^
ascend, surmounter.
IV set free, give J>Jlk
permission : VII go one's
way, depart.
GLOSSARY.
Erring. Jlo
OjJOx x^^
They fell into ^ov^- Vj-k"^'
discord.
Kind, sort. "r j >-*
'
A blow. *J>-
Be hum c >o x ^ c ><o J
to, join.
Damman. ^o,-o
TV pftnofivp har \^***o
ble ; 'ila, entreat humbly :
V make humble supplication,
abase one's self.
bour (in one's mind).
Pronoun. j***?
x )
Suppressed, understood, j+*a*
i 6 *
j j
J$Q \veak ' 'an be <*J>A*z>
too weak for (accomplishing
anything) : III double, mul-
tiply : VI be doubled : X.
deem weak, despise.
The double, the like. ^iio
VIII 'ala, bear a O*^~
grudge against (anyone) for
(anything).
J x
1
withhold, have a great affec-
tion for.
~p A lnc:f TV -illmv e.l_3
to be lost, abandon.
* *
Landed estate. 9>\+*e ?*- Ax-^3
j
C- (L C' '
Annexation. Aslot
lead into error.
Error. J^-
Error. <U*}L*i>
distress : II 'ala, reduce to
straits.
Tripoli.
Throw down.
Drive away, pursue :
VIII drive away.
GR. II,
That which
tallies with, corresponds to.
J ila, come upon, be- l^k
fall.
GLOSSARY.
Mischance, calamity.
Oi ,
Voice.
Fame.
II fashion, depict.
Form, figure, j>-^ ??
image.
X
Assault. 4j^.o -
Shout; 'ala, shout
at, scold.
V hunt.
Place of hunting.
Become : II make
to be.
Name of a place.
Final destination,
result, issue.
Chief-
tain, lord.
Do, make. iu.o
Manufacture, work-
manship, shipping.
Idol.
Name of a tribe.
Rush down (as ^lo
water) : II make to descend :
IV direct the course (of some-
thing) expressly at, hit the
mark, hit, smite, fall upon,,
overtake, befall, find, get pos-
session of ; passive, be slain :
V descend.
Forenoon, the time
near midday.
Big, large,
Strike, beat, Wj-^ VJ-** -
cut off, pitch (a tent), coin
(a proverb) ; 'ala, strike upon,
put forth (the hand) to seize ;
fi, journey through, traverse:
VIII be loose, be slack.
Proper name mas-
culine
Restrain, main-
tain, manage.
VIII lie on one's
side, sleep.
IV cause to laugh.
IV enter upon
the morning.
Morning, the
.
early part of the forenoon,
GLOSSARY.
Chosen as
-" " W
best.
Crucify : II crucify w^Xo
(of many).
j - o
More or most hard. ^JL^I
j j
Be good, be fit, be *JLo
suitable : IV make good, cor-
rect, arrange, do good, follow
right, behave uprightly; min,
put in better order.
J
Peace.
Welfare.
Pious.
Bald place
on the head.
II pray ; bi, lead in
prayer; 'ala, bless.
Prayer, C
blessing.
Place of prayer.
II pierce, penetrate.
> a + *
Proper name masculine. rLp.gJ I
Hard, solid.
Proper name
masculine.
Swoon.
Thunderstruck.
Be small : X make
small account of, despise.
Small, young.
Contemptible.
IV 'ila, listen to.
Form in line of
battle.
Rank, line of 05*0 -
battle, troops in line.
'an, pardon, forgive. -Ju
IX and XI be yellow.
Yellow ; of a horse, grey.
Proper name feminine.
Proper name mascu-
line.
IV 'ala, consent to,
pledge one's self to accept.
j
Be pure : VIII take \A^>
to one's self that which is
pure, choose.
x
Rock.
Proper name mascu-
line.
' *
The por- UUus ?*- rA
tion of spoil reserved by the
chief for himself.
GLOSSARY.
M
Cry out : X call for
aid.
One who calls for aid.
Way.
Throw to the
ground.
Place where slaughtered
men lie on the ground.
s
Turn, shift, send
back, inflect; 'an, divert from:
II diversify : VII turn away,
depart.
Ml X
Money-changer.
Proper
name masculine; name of a
tribe.
Belonging to the tribe
of Suraim.
Proper name masculine.
X 'ala, become ^x.
difficult to (anyone).
Difficulty, steepness.
More or most difficult.
Ascend, go up into. JA
J , Qt
A
Proper name masculine.
Strike with light- J^ac
ning.
r
i\
Desert.
Proper name mas-
culine.
Breast, upper part.
Place from j^L^
which anything proceeds,
source, watering-place (from
which people return), infini-
tive.
Ml S *
Infinitival.
Name of a tribe.
Tell the truth :
II pronounce to be true or
veracious, believe.
Hard, stiff.
Sincerity, truth.
A man of true or
good character.
Dowry.
The veracious (a Jk-j Juo) t
name given to 'Abu Bakr).
o
That which verifies,
confirmation.
Bind (the she-camel's j*e
udder), leave off milking.
jus*
| r GLOSS
Somewhat, a little. Lw
Wish. AL-U
4ARY.
J - Ofr
Better or best known. >^t
Well known, generally ^v-^wo
accepted.
Name of a tribe. OW**'
J Ox
Proper name masculine; *+**
name of a tribe.
Of. Ox
point out to; 'ala of person
and bi of thing, advise (any-
one) to . . . : VI consult to-
gether, deliberate.
J x J J
Old man, -i^jU^j ^^wj
elder, chief.
Become spread be c lw
make (anyone) desirous of.
x
Desire, longing. Jj^i
divulged.
Party, partisans. cUwl ?* 4-a.^
i
WisjVi will ( fnv t,\ *[,
~ Of. Ox
Thing, anything, 2Uwl >. t.^
something.
>0
VTT pour, stream, ^^-.iwo
mole.
u
j rt *
Boy.
IV enter upon the f-~&
time of morning, become.
Day-break. f-~&
Proper name -U-oJt ^>\
masculine.
Day -break. Aa. ....;..>
genuine, correct.
More or most true, r-dl
genuine, correct.
x
Companion, friend, ^.A..^
lord, master, owner.
fast ; 'ala, bear patiently.
x
Patience. j*<&
J X
Patient. j$r&
GLOSSARY.
J
Mountain- ^otw s-x,*^<
road, ravine.
Eighth month of the ^
Moslem year.
J x o*
Proper name s^satw^t
masculine.
bi, know, be cogni- ^jti
sant of.
Hair.
Poem, poetry.
Watchword, battle-cry.
Poet. i\j*Z -*,
Double, intercede. A
Pair.
Intercession. c
Cure, heal. ^ifi
'ala, be grievous to, ^^
distress sorely : VII be
Strip of cloth.
Name of a place. 5
Doubt. dUt,
Be thankful. jX
Grateful.
Form, figure.
*6I
plain to (anyone) of.
Reioice at another's O"o~w
P
trouble : IV bi of thing, make
(anyone) so to rejoice.
^nn *.
j
Solar. ^"-o-^
o a *
The solar reckoning. ^~^J \
X
^" > J X
Disposition, charac- ^JSU^
ter, good qualities.
Envelopment. JloJwt
s s
wJ ^
fii
He poured the 1^5 SjUtJt <j>w
raiders through it (the coun-
try) ; swept it with his horse-
men.
A dried-up water- (jUw * &&
skin.
Pr<~ppr w^W^w ^^j^tMf
J
split.
~"jl j
J X-
J
name masculine.
White, light grey. w*''
Tpstifv * ?y ''//A /y/*^ ^i i
,
be present at.
Testimony, manifest. S^l^w
IVIake known *>< w
j j j o ox
Month. ^ 5v ^3 j^t ... j-yw
~P> , ^J2r-^ ~ JL .It Cf
rr
GLOSSARY.
Evil, mischief ; j
bad, worse, worst.
Drink.
Drinking-place.
Perverse,
intractable.
Xeres or Jerez
(in Spain).
Military <&ji -
police, bodyguard.
Conditional.
Mani- ejJi, *. cjU>-
fest.
Become noble :
IV 'ala, survey, show one's
self to ? X raise the eye to
look at, catch sight of.
Top. ,J
Noble, illus- o|
trious.
Eastern. , ,3 ^
Of.
East.
IV believe in more ^w
than one god, be an idolater.
Polytheism, idolatry. ^w
VIII buy.
Bank, shore. Jkw .
Devil.
J * Of.
Brave. cia
Name of a tribe.
Belonging to the
tribe of 'Ashja'.
Be avaricious.
Covetousness.
Instigate, impel.
Flow.
Become fixed (of ,
the eye in death).
Body, self.
Run, charge, attack, jw
tie, fasten, be severe, be
strong : VIII become vehe-
ment, make haste.
Verily, great
is thy love for...
Violence, vehemence.
Strong, severe, ve-
hement.
More or most strong,
severe, vehement.
Strengthening.
Be apart, deviate.
Name of a place.
Falcon, OUulJcw *. /jp'Jut>-
c *
hawk.
GLOSSARY.
rr
Be even with, equal
to : VIII become firm, settle
one's self, stand even, keep
in line.
ri * ' f "
Go, t>frwOQ \*+~i ilw
journey : II make to go :
III go on a journey with,
accompany : VI travel in
company.
see
Way of acting,
conduct, fashion.
Sword. 0>11
VI pour in from
every quarter.
The curved *Iw ^^ -
end of a bow (where the string
is fastened).
Particles denoting
futurity and followed by the
imperfect.
Drive, carry
on (a narrative) : VII be
driven.
Shank, lower half of the
leg-
Hard driver.
w
Name of a place. JjJjf
Course, progress.
Clean the l^l^w
teeth.
A piece of stick used
for cleaning the teeth.
Lay (a burden) upon, ^L*
afflict ; with double ace., con-
strain or require a (person)
to do (anything).
Uniform.
Separation ; c*,w *-
plural oUwt, different sorts.
Winter. &
Pervert, confuse.
Collective, trees.
A tree.
X augur ill.
Affair, busi-
ness, state, fact, degree, rank.
Do what you j4^W ^5t
like with the man.
Proper name mas- W-^JA -
culine.
*.
Likeness.
I r i
GLOSSARY.
Be evil : IV do evil.
Evil, wickedness.
Evil disposition.
Shameful deed.
Mischief.
Bad, evil.
An evil action.
The camp- i.L
C 5~
ing-ground of the nomads ;
an open space surrounded by
tents.
j x o e.
, e. o-o
Proper
name masculine.
Master, lord.
Black.
Proper name masculine.
The wearers of black,
i.e. the partisans of the 'ab-
basid dynasty.
V climb a wall (like jj~>
a thief), seize by stealth.
Wall (of a city or town).
A line of bricks in a
wall; chapter (of the Goran).
Hour, little while. 4*L
i*LjT
Sense of hearing, oral
tradition.
II name.
Heaven. Ol^o-w .
Name, noun. *
Nominal.
Samuel. Jz^^J I
VIII rub and clean \^~j
the teeth.
Tooth, age.
v >~
j 0,2 ,
r-*
Elder, eldest.
see ^>-'j.
Name of a place
near Medina.
Lean : IV cause to
lean, support.
Attribution (literally, the jUwt
act of supporting) ; adducing
an unbroken chain of autho-
rities to support a tradition.
X J
Attribute, (literally, that
which is supported).
C>1,
Year.
X
Level ground, J^-* cJv'
plain.
Proper name masculine.
6x
Arrow. ^ov'-
GLOSSARY.
I r
A<JL
Travel along, follow ^JLJL;
(a course).
Be safe, unhurt : ^ '
II 'ila, deliver to; 'ala, be-
stow peace on, grant welfare
to, salute : IV resign, sur-
render, become a Moslem.
Peace, welfare, greeting.
One who is at peace.
A thorny tree, mimosa.
Proper name A^Xw
masculine ; name of a tribe.
s
Name of a tribe.
Solomon.
Name of a tribe.
Islam.
One who has resigned
himself to God's will, Moslem ;
proper name masculine.
J * O '
Proper name mas-
culine.
Moslem (adjective),
Quail.
A quail.
Poison. >0 -
Hear.
x oi
Fall : VI fall one
by one.
Place where anything
falls.
to:
L5*-
IV cause to drink, moisten
with : X. ask drink of.
e silent,
stilled.
0*--
stay in : IV make (a letter)
quiescent, take away its
vowel.
Rest.
Knife.
Quiescent.
Dweller
(feminine).
VII slip away.
Drawing (of swords).
Arms, ^^
weapons.
End (of a -^JULu -^
month).
Power,
sovereignty.
Name of a tribe.
GLOSSARY.
Line j.k~>t *. j,k.w
(of writing).
Proper name JA*J
masculine.
Fore-arm.
Proper name masculine.
Proper name masculine.
II kindle, make to jj
blaze.
Proper name masculine.
IV aid (a person) i^i
to do what he desires.
X
Run; fi, strive to
(accomplish anything).
Travel. ji.
Journey.
Lower or
lowest, lower part.
: E
Ship.
Proper
name masculine.
Be light-witted.
Thoughtlessness, foolish-
ness.
Foolish, fool.
>. jiw
Mock : II subdue,
subject, treat as abject.
Block, close up. jw
Porch, way of entrance.
six. aL
Sixteen.
Sixty.
A sixth part.
Sixth. r*}[~>
Please, give pleasure j~
to : IV conceal, keep secret.
A secret. j~>
2
Secretly. \j~*
Navel. 5^
j j
Joy.
Saddle.
Be quick : IV make
haste : V hasten.
Promptitude.
Quick, prompt.
Proper name mas-
culine.
Make a journey by
night.
Squadron of y
cavalry.
GLOSSARY.
! IA
'
Remainder, jU jlw
war, carry off as captive.
x ^
rest, all.
Ask interrogate ij^
Collective, prisoners of war. i**~>
^PP .^j i. **
One who asks. J>5L;
VIII hide one's self *Z~i
Importunate a men- ijl^w
Curtain. jZ~t
dicant.
Revile. ^^
Prostrate <">ne's self !>i3tow
^^M
Prayer-carpet. SiUiLw
Cause. *_^L*>t ?*. ^^w^
VTT be stripped off Uuj
Prostrate.
(the skin).
Keep sabbath OvfeW
Mosque. j^L,* *, *x o
Prison **^ ..i -.
Sabbath. C^-w
Olnnd ^^Ithitw -ua^iuf
Ceuta. a*Iw
^ -
l^wim 1 1 A.VAW w.i i
A cloud. jta*w
Rftwitnh J&+.VJ
w^A ace. or li, praise (God).
Lungs. j-^ "...
(jrlory to Ihee ! ^Xjla^^w
Tribe (of b\+L\ *. Jalw
The time just before ja+.~i
daybreak.
Enchantment. js*^
Magician. *j*_rt >. j.-l^
Shore l^^l... . l.^ .
the Jews) ; grandchild.
Ox 0^
Seven. Aa^w ^ AW *AW
Seven- &**& ?***> j& ** A?Lruttf
teen.
Seventy. IJOXAW
coast.
Nai-np of a. pnft. **^-t
Precede, outstrip, J^.*
crpt aVipar] nf
I !v
GLOSSARY.
Name of a poet.
f >
Number. *lfcj
V marry.
Husband, spouse. ?>tjj! ?*-
Wife.
Provisions for a }\j
journey.
Visit. j\j
Cease : IV bring to Jtj
an end, remove.
They gave . . . ^>- <=
him no peace till . .
Corner, angle.
Olive-tree.
Exceed, give increase }\j
to.
Proper name masculine.
Proper name masculine.
Name of the AJ$** ^
second Omaiyad Caliph.
Name of a mare or
she-camel (see Freytag, Ara~
bum Proverbia, u. 860).
Proper name mas-
culine.
Proper name mas-
culine.
Chrysolite.
March, advance :
VI advance to combat.
Full of waves, ^l
Vine-branches *.
A
place where crops are sown,
corn-land.
, oj JP
Proper name mas- Ajj ^A
culine.
^ j
Assert, deem. ^}~
The strait of Gib- JlSpl -
raltar.
Alms. <>3^=>Jj Sl>j 3^>j
j
Name of a tribe. 4JUj
Name of a tribe.
Belonging to the tribe
of Zuhran.
Name of a collector
of traditions concerning the
Prophet (died 124A.H.).
* Sir Charles Lyall suggests that O>*^J> ma J be read > wit h tlie mean-
ing 'yellow African marble,' which was much used in Eoman building. Cf.
Persian C\ \\ , ' gold-coloured '.
GLOSSARY.
Ill
Proper name masculine. *-tji;
Wind. p-bj .*. -^jj
Belonging to the tribe 15*-^)
of Riyah.
IV wish, intend, 35^
make for (a place).
Inf. of }\j IV. d^tjt
j
Thing desired, object,
purpose. ? w ^
Frighten. "c |j
Fright, fear. <
Spirited. c
Please, delight: IV Jtj
XX X
Jjl^A (/<>? (3'jO' pour out.
Horn.
Seek after, desire.
Relate, hand doAvn
by tradition, recite 'an, re-
late (a tradition, poetry) on
the authority of . . . ; li, re-
late (poetry) as belonging
to...
Relation, reading. *t\3j
sOt
Moun- ^3^1
tain-goat, chamois.
Name of a place.
Urge (a horse) by
striking with the leg, make
to gallop.
Spear.
Pain in the JLO;
eye, ophthalmia.
Ninth month of the Moslem
year (the month of fasting).
Proper name masculine.
Sand. Jx>j
Throw, pelt, assail,
asperse, upbraid, shoot at
(with an arrow).
Noise. iJj -
Name of a place.
Fear : IV cause to
fear : X call forth fear of
one's self, terrify.
A small number JaAj -
(of men).
Pledge, hostage.
I Vmin, give (anyone) ?-jj
rest from, relieve from.
Rest, recreation, Ol-tj >
pleasure.
I 10
GLOSSARY.
Tremble : IV cause
to tremble.
Keep, guard. &ej ^e-j -
Herdsman, shepherd. c\j
20" '
Desire ; 'ila, sup- A+
plicate ; 'an, dislike, avoid ;
fi, like, desire eagerly ; 'ila
of person and fi of thing, ask
(anyone) for (anything).
x x
An easy, j^e-j jj
affluent manner of life.
x> x
, lift, remove. *3>
"*? ..' J
bi, treat kindly. lisj J>S)
x
Companion (used both
as singular and plural).
Any- J5l^ ^
thing from which advantage
is derived.
Ill watch.
Sleeping-place.
Mount 011
horseback, ride, embark on,
engage in, follow (a certain
course).
s
Composition.
Ship.
Mes- tjj^jj
sage.
Message, mes- ^^j *.
senger, Apostle.
Go the right way :
IV direct rightly.
True direction.
Following the right
way, orthodox; guiding cor-
rectly, a true guide.
Proper name masculine
Fit together, con-
struct.
IV li, prepare for.
With ace. or bi or 15^ ~~
'an or 'ala, be pleased with,
be content with, acquiesce in :
IV satisfy : VI bi, mutually
consent to, agree upon.
Approval, favour, grace.
Better or best pleased.
Supple, re- w^j
freshed.
Be terrified.
II grow up.
Proper name mas-
culine.
H 2
GLOSSARY.
Proper name masculine. ia.oj
Four. ^*Jji ^o Wji
X s XX OP XXX XX OP
Four- S^fr ajjt ^e j^fr Axjji
teen.
j x o
Four hundred. aSUjujI
^ X
X JxOg
Forty. O!5*O '
Name of a tribe. f^ft
Belonging to the \^^J-i
tribe of Yarbu'.
culine.
out.
Be merciful have j>*-i
mercy on.
J,!lX Jx x
= *U\ A***) A+.J
Relationship. ^o-*-J
Ox x x
Mercy. 2^^-^^ C-, <>.;
Merciful. ^o^*-j
The Compassionate ^j-o^/)l
(God).
More or most merciful. ^&-j\
TKp qpvpnth *
month of the Moslem year.
with ace. and 'ala, give back
by way of answer to.
_x Of. -
the metre called J.-j.
Name of a metre. J.*.;
Plague. J.ef-j
Return* III l^.t %^
x w "
garment (of a man).
Roderic. c~jAj
Fix ^bv sticking in). i 1
answer : VIII restore.
\"J x "& xj_i^. jj wiivuiaiuii. *a^) ^xe*-j
Provide (sustenance) 3jj AH. i t
for.
Sustenance, means of Jjjj
livelihood.
Ill interchange )*ii
man.
Foot. JaLJf -. jjy
Hope hope for * l^i
IV put off, defer.
2 X X
^Velcome ' |A^><O _A*^I
messages with, correspond
with : I V send, send a mes-
sage, shoot (an arrow).
(literally, ampleness).
I ir
GLOSSARY.
Name of a place near
Mecca.
Taste : IV cause to JJI3
taste, cause to experience.
'an, forget.
He who, or $ ^ Olj j* 3*
that which, is in possession
of . . . ; having, possessing.
He held a doctrine
or opinion.
Flag.
Seeing, sight.
Lungs.
-I X
Lord. *->j -
The confederate tribes
of which Taim was one.
(.
VIII station one's bj
self in a commanding place
of observation, keep watch.
Tie, fasten, connect.
Fastening, copula.
Take a fourth part *jj
of ; be or dwell (anywhere)
in the season called *.U;
(spring) ; passive, be rained
upon by the rain of -#>j-
The third and fourth a-o^
months of the Moslem year.
GR. II.
The tenth letter of the
Arabic alphabet, r.
Belonging to Rai
(the ancient capital of Per-
sian 'iraq).
'Abu Bakr b. Musa al ^jtpl
Razi, the first Spanish his-
torian (died 325 A.H.).
Be the head of :
II appoint as chief : V be-
come chief.
i,
Head. ^33)5 v*&
See, (impf.
perceive, be of opinion, judge ;
with double ace. , consider (any-
thing) to be . . . : IV with
double ace., show (anything
to anyone) ; passive, think,
believe : VIII be of opinion,
think right.
Opinion, judgment,
doctrine.
2,
GLOSSARY.
1 1 r
mention : II exhort, admon-
ish ; bi, remind of : V become
reminded of, take warning.
Male. o!^3j j<&>
Mention, praise, remem-
brance, admonition.
Fullness of 3&S) ^J=>
age, acuteness of mind.
Spirited.
J3
A horse that has
attained to fullness of age
and vigour.
Be abased.
Ignominy.
That, this.
Thus.
Cove-
nant, bond.
Tail, lower
part, end.
Go, go away.
Gold.
sage, sii
This, that. g N)t
Thus.
So and so, such
and such.
see
That.
t5
Wolf.
A lock of hair hanging
over the forehead.
( ah, defend. *
Slay.
Belonging to the .J Uo3
tribe of Dhubyan.
IV make wide. c
He made great ^^ J^AJ t
slaughter among them.
Fore-arm. c jp
II 'ala, despatch (a
wounded man).
Remember, name,
1 1 1
GLOSSARY.
Dockyard, maga-
zine, manufactory, arsenal.
Capital. .iJUlJT J
The Round (name of
a castle near Cordova).
Turn of ajjjj ^Ujj Jjj
favour, good fortune.
Dynasty.
Continue. ^eb
Duration.
On this side j
3 it , J 0*
of, in front of, below, less
than, without, to the exclu-
sion of.
A confused t 40
sound.
Desert.
Judge.
+
Religion. ^-ji
The Day of Judg-
ment.
One who receives re-
compense.
Debtor.
j *
Denarius, j*?>v} ^
piece of gold.
Crumbled soil, earth re-
duced to atoms.
'ala, indicate; )*}b ^b-
with ace. of person and
direct to, point out to.
Perish utterly :
II destroy utterly.
Blood. j** i.
Be mean.
Be near ; li or min,
approach.
J
Nearer, nearest, L3.>
less, least.
tjtit
The present life. tojJt
The world.
Time.
Become bewildered, ^
lose one's wits.
Bewildered.
'ala,
Desert.
45x5
Go round : IV 'ala, j\> -
bring (anything) upon a per-
son, be the cause of it hap-
pening to him.
Homestead, house, court, j\}
palace, mansion, abode.
GLOSSARY.
Phantom, apparition
(especially of the woman
whom one loves).
Collective, horses,
cavalry.
Self-conceit, vanity.
Good, prosperity ; best ;
followed by min, better than.
A J
Choice, select.
Think, (for J*i.) JU.
imagine.
IV overtake, reach
maturity.
Proper name mas-
culine.
Drachma, piece of
silver.
Know. j '
Castle, monastery,
cloister.
Call, invite, name ; U.>
bi, summon, send for; 'ila,
challenge ; li, bless, pray for,
acknowledge as sovereign :
VIII claim, assert.
Challenge. A&*
x x
Invitation, call to join S^.>
a party, propaganda, allegi-
ance.
Push, repulse ; li or ,3j
'ila, deliver up to (anyone).
Pound. ,ib
David.
Ani-
^v
mal for riding (especially a
horse).
II arrange, regulate, jJ>
plot, intrigue : IV retire, re-
treat.
Ox
Turn of evil fortune, ojjj
defeat.
fi, go into,
enter : IV make to enter ;
f i, put on ; 'ala, bring (any-
thing) to a person.
Title of <abdu-l
Rahman the Omaiyad.
Collective, pearls. j.
IV fold.
Study
J J O
Coat cjjj . cj> t)y
of mail, a woman's garment.
GLOSSARY.
Five.
Fifteen.
Fifty.
Name of a hill near
Mecca.
Retire, draw one's
self back.
Proper name masculine.
Traverse, scour,
explore.
Lowing. )\$
Fear; (for *Jyi.) ol-
'rla, fear for : V same meaning.
Fear.
Fear.
Feared, to be
feared.
Maternal
uncle.
Betray (a trust).
Be disappointed.
Obtain good : II give jl.
a choice to : VIII take to
one's self that which seems
good, choose.
Succeed, follow, oUl.
act as deputy for, do (a thing)
behind one's back : V stay
behind : VIII differ, disagree,
go to and fro, exchange
(blows) : X make successor.
Posterity.
Behind.
The opposite of any-
thing.
The reign or office of
Khalifa, Caliphate.
Khalifa, Caliph.
Successor,
deputy.
Measure.
Creation.
Charac- i?
ter, disposition, moral or
mental quality.
Be past (of time) ; ^ILi.
bi, be alone with : II with
ace. or 'an, leave alone, let
go-
x 6, J sO, Z x
He did not ^v-^J <"~tf L5^*
interfere between him and
them, gave a free hand to
either party.
GLOSSARY.
Speaker, orator. v ^uL
Thought, jy\. jJai.
idea, mind.
V step on, aJaa*
Name of a tribe 5*. i Ld_
Nam ft of a tribe ifrjii.
Detach separate )t>^>
N^,m P of a ioj ,o- * t^
r ^ ^a
dp h/J J
tribe.
Belonging to the ^j^ ^
tribe of Makhzum.
^ &
Boot ; an aged camel.
Proper name masculine. oUa*
Obligation. o^Ai. JLi.
II 'an, quit, aban- ^^Ai.
T
don.
Doze, bend the J^i. *
head drowsily.
A light or momentary <uiU.
sleep.
Be hidden, vanish /.id.
Lose. j,,>a
One who suffers loss. jtU
x
A base- s^u*a v_4,nftn
ment, difficulty.
Be afraid of An-i
x
A nta o'OTiist ^a.^ -^i^
IV conceal.
Secret. /!*
Secrecy. ilii
VIII become de- JJU
cayed.
Road through sand. J^
Friend. jj,^
Ofl,nq,l, river ->vJLtt. >.A.a_
Green, dark-coloured.
Occupv ^?G
Affair, case. djai.
Miss the mark, .-Jeu*.
err, sin : IV miss, commit a
fault or sin : VI wrongly
attribute error to one's self.
Fault, blunder. IJaa*
Fault, sin. 3?.U^
X
Malrps a. speech. , nKa-
Endure perpetual lv ,xL^. -
make a long stay, abide.
; ilfi oomf* fn *^\ *
III be mingled with &A&.
J l- x OX>
rroper name mas- w^lkaUt
culine.
have as a quality.
I .v
GLOSSARY.
Servant.
Fall down.
Name of a pro-
vince in North-eastern Persia.
Unin- *>!/* *r>**
habited.
Proper name mascu- *:j-^ *
line.
Go forth, be outside : f?j>*
IV cause to go forth, bring
out, expel, produce, pick (for
military service) : X 'ila of
person and bi of thing, reveal,
divulge anything to anyone.
One who extricates
himself.
Outside of. p-j^
Proper name masculine. io-jU-
Member of 7*$^ ? 15^^*-
the sect called Kharijites who
held that the Caliph must
be elected.
VIII devise, invent.
Gathered
fruit.
II pierce.
Be bad. ^
Bad, foul.
An adulterous 5L. ^
* ' Q_
woman ; a foul action.
II with ace. and bi,
acquaint, inform : IV with
double ace. or ace. and bi,
tell, inform : VIII test, make
trial of.
Tale, piece of j\+*\ * j+*
news, predicate (of a nomi-
nal sentence), enunciative.
bi, well acquainted j-:t*-
with.
Disorder, JLi. J^-
ruin.
V set up a tent, t***- -
shelter one's self.
Deceive ; with ace. c j^.
and 'an, deprive anyone of
a thing by means of deceit.
*
Deceit, guile.
IV with double ace.,
make a person to be the
servant of another.
Service.
GLOSSARY.
One year old ; a young
strong camel.
Tribe.
Live: IV give
life to, bring to life, keep
alive : X keep alive for one's
own advantage, spare.
Living, alive. .-.
\ * s s
Life.
Name of a Spanish <jU-
historian (died 469 A.H.).
Proper name masculine ;
John the Baptist.
3 6
Where, in respect %*,
that . . .
Whither. *
Whence.
Wherever.
IV afflict with a
calamity.
Time.
When, at the time
when.
At that time.
Jl
Proper name mas-
culine.
Proper name femi-
nine.
The religion of Abraham, which
Moslems identify with Islam.
Fish.
Thing
wanted, need, desire.
Bring back, return j
with.
f- 0*3
Name of a poet.
Place u3*-
where water collects, reser-
voir.
Guard, observe : k\&-
IV bi, surround, encompass,
comprehend.
VIII use artifice,
scheme.
State, condition.
Circumstantial.
Around.
rf-fl-i-
GLOSSARY.
Proper name mascu-
line.
Proper name mas-
culine.
Proper name mas-
culine.
Foolish, J^il -
stupid.
Bear, carry, take on
one's self, charge; 'ala, attack ;
with ace. and 'aLa, urge any-
one to anything: VIII take
up and carry, lift, sustain,
endure.
Sword-belt.
Carrying loads (mas-
culine and feminine).
She-camel to carry
loads.
Become hot : IV
make hot, heat.
Defend: VI i'
guard one's self against, shun.
wJ X
The feeling of one *-
whose honour is wounded,
indignation.
A -. J
Name of a valley
near al Ta'if.
Be lawful: IV make
lawful, permit : X regard as
lawful, desecrate.
Alight, disembark : JL-
VIII eame meaning.
Wife. JS^U. *
\ ' ^
Milk. ^JLa
IV make to swear.
Friend, comrade.
j A j
Windpipe.
Intensely
black.
Clement.
Ornament.
Proper name
masculine.
Black mud,
slime.
Praise : IV esteem
praiseworthy.
Praise.
Praiseworthy.
Name of the Prophet ;
proper name masculine.
Ass.
Red, reddish-brown.
GLOSSARY.
Keep, pre- Ua.*>.
^ X
serve : III 'ala, be regardful
of, observe punctiliously :
IY fill with indignation.
Preserver, guardian, one Jisla.
who knows the Goran by
heart.
Handful. &A.
Be fitting : X have
a just claim to (a thing).
Truth, right.
Fitting; 'ala, binding
upon.
Genuine.
Become impeded, ^
confused.
Period of time, age.
Decide.
Be wise.
Proper name masculine.
Maxim.
Wise ; proper name
masculine.
Kelate ; in gram-
mar, imitate, cite the exact
words of a speaker.
Story, narration; in
grammar, direct citation.
'ala, incite to: II
incite.
Be present, be at j-^~~
s
hand ; with ace. be present
with or beside, be situated
beside : IV bring.
Name of a pro- C
vince in southern Arabia.
Belonging to Hadra-
maut.
VIII put under
one's arm or in one's bosom.
Lay down (a burden),
alight, disembark : VII be
placed, be pitched.
Unloading, alleviation,
forgiveness.
Proper name masculine.
3 s Os 3 OiO
Name of a poet. 3^-tvn * I
One who ^k.
^* --
drives beasts vehemently ;
voracious.
J * J O/a
Proper name mascu-
line.
A consuming fire.
Dig, excavate.
Pursue.
GLOSSARY.
Without a coat of mail.
j
Sword.
Be good : III treat p-^-
kindly : IV cause to be
good; do (anything) well,
be able to do it.
Good, beauti-
fid.
Hasan, the eldest son
of 4 ali ibn 'abi Talib.
Beauty, goodliness. O
Boon. a.; n
J x i 0>e
Husain, the second p..,,...,a> J t
son of 'ali ibn 'abi Talib.
Better, best,
more or most beautiful.
Well-doer. p
Come together,
muster.
j j
Troop. 3^^-
Gather. JM&.
Pelt with small v no.
stones.
Small stones, pebbles. I
Surround, enclose:
III besiege.
V fortify one's self.
Fortress, castle.
Movement, motion.
Moving, in motion.
Be unlawful : II make
sacred, forbid: IV enter the
sacred territory.
Holy place.
Sacred thing,
sanctuary.
Sacred.
What a man is bound
to protect, wives, family.
Forbidden, inviolable;
the first month of the Mos-
lem year.
VIII cut off.
Estimate, compute
(the number of).
Make a bundle Uf,*.
of.
Precaution.
Proper name masculine.
Perception,
sense.
Think, suppose: ^*~-
VIII provide for one's self a
reward (from God), behave
valiantly.
X J
Remove. t-~*~
GLOSSARY.
I * r
Be enraged: III
wage war with.
War, battle ; also used
as an infinitive = 4jj
Proper name mas-
culine.
J I 0/ J
Proper &J&J tj
name masculine.
Proper name masculine.
Proper name masculine.
Forest.
Guard.
Guardsman.
Guardian,
keeper.
'ala, eager for.
II 'ala, incite to.
Name of a place.
VII J ila, turn to-
wards, approach; 'an, turn
aside from, desert.
Letter of the
alphabet, particle.
Burn : II kindle a
fire.
II fi, urge to.
Stone.
Bosom.
Proper name masculine. j*%*.
Partridge. 4JU^.
IV fall back, re-
treat.
Ill oppose, contend
with.
Limit, boundary.
Sharpness, acuteness.
Sharp.
II tell, relate to :
z*
V 'ila, talk to, converse with.
Young.
Events, accidents of
Time.
Youth.
. <
Story, re-
lation.
New, recent.
Fear, be on one's
guard, beware of : II 'an,
caution one against, bid one
beware of.
Remove, eliminate.
Opposite.
GLOSSARY.
cross, convey across, trans-
fer : VII 'ila, desert to.
Place of crossing, pas-
Hunger. ^
Name of a place.
X make a round.
Come, reach ;
bi, bring, produce.
Os
Army. Ji+e* --
Corpse.
t
Pierce : IV answer
He complied with dJI
their request.
Answer.
One who is jl
protected.
Put stockings on
(anyone).
Stockings.
Be allowable : III jU.
cross ; bi, take across : IV
Inf. of U*. III.
Proper name mas-
culine.
Until,' so that, in
order that.
Urge on.
Swift.
Name of a place.
Pilgrimage **
to Mecca.
Hayaj ibii Yusuf al
Thaqafi, governor of 'iraq
(75 A.H.-95A.H.).
Veil,
partition.
Be an (for
object of love : IV love : with
'an, desire that . . .
ut J
Love.
Proper name masculine.
Proper name masculine.
Q*
Dearer to him.
Love, charity.
i
Imprison-
ment.
yt
Be vain, be useless.
Rope.
Crawl: III treat
kindly.
GLOSSARY.
At the side of . . . ,
alongside of ...
Side.
Wing (of an army).
Of. J J
>U*.tj j^ -j.
Army, body of troops.
Proper name mas-
culine.
Sort, kind.
Afflict severely ;
passive, feel the pangs of
hunger : VIII exert one's
self, show earnestness.
x
Affliction, sufferings.
II equip, supply
with an outfit : V equip one's
self, make preparations.
Equipment, supplies.
Be ignorant. ,
Ignorance.
Nickname of 'amr
ibn Hisham, a bitter enemy
of the Prophet.
Ignorant.
The time of pagan-
ism preceding Islam.
A .
Name of a tribe.
He
came to the determination
that . . .
J J Ox
Troop, num- 3-*^ *
ber (of people) ; plural.
Union, congregation.
J 0*
Friday.
Number (of people),
company.
All.
Together.
That which collects,
great mosque.
All.
H f.
Camel.
Totality, sentence,
clause.
Beauty.
Cover.
Collective, spirits,
demons.
Garden. O^i5 **
x
Paradise.
Shield.
J J Ox
jul
Side.
GLOSSARY.
Sit, sit down.
Shave.
A site near Damas-
cus ; according to others, the
city, or district, of Damascus.
/ j
Become clear, be
evident : II reveal : V make
one's self manifest : VII be
manifested.
JO
One whose case is >. ^>\
clear, a man who is well
known.
J x W
Gallicia.
^t**!-
The
head of hair ; a head of long
hair.
x J J
Skull.
Belonging to the
tribe of Jumah ibn 'amr.
j
Name of
the fifth and sixth months of
the Moslem year.
Collect, assemble :
IV compose, settle; 'ala, re-
solve on : V be assembled,
come together : VIII come
together ; bi, have a meeting
with, join with.
Amputation.
Sign of jazm.
Reward.
Reward, recompense.
V search after, in- u
quire for.
Body ; red jL.a- -
gold.
Proper siame mas-
culine.
Large.
id ft
II throw one's
self on the ground (in agony).
Proper name mas-
culine.
Place, put; with
double ace., make a thing or
person to be . . . . ; followed
by the imperfect, begin to ....
Hi
Be exalted.
The main part, the most.
Draw. yW-
Cries, clamour.
s +
Strength, jJ.- jJL-
hardiness.
Strong, hardy.
Skin, water-skin.
GLOSSARY.
Proper name mas-
culine.
II detach, send (for
a special purpose) : V strip
one's self.
x
Collective, locusts, grass-
hoppers.
A locust, grasshopper.
IY commit a crime,
be guilty.
Crime.
Proper name femi-
nine.
Mow, run.
Girl. it*
J UJ
J
^
A
A camel for slaughter
One who slaughters
(camels or other animals)
Island, peninsula.
*
Algesiras.
Tarifa.
Place of
slaughter.
Grieve vio- Uj^
lently.
VII split one's self.
Proper name mas-
culine.
Gabriel.
Mountain.
Gibraltar. jjll
Exert one's self ; bi, xa -
afflict, press hard upon : II
renew, restore : X. same mean-
ing as II.
Exertion.
Extremely.
A young horse.
Draw, drag : VII let j
one's self be dragged.
Brave. *. 1
II make trial of,
test; passive, become ex-
perienced.
I.
Trial, experience.
Animal that catches game.
GLOSSARY.
Thirteen.
Thirty.
Third.
Snow. ..Jtf *JLj
Then, thereupon. ^
IV bear fruit. J^
Collective, fruit.
A fruit.
9.
Eight.
Eighteen.
Eighty.
A 2 "*.*
j . 4*0
Mountain-road; (fig-) a lofty
and difficult enterprise.
The four front teeth bUllT
(central incisors), two above
and two below.
Two.
Ult
Twelve.
Second.
Dual.
Return.
Garment.
GR. II.
Blood-revenge, a jU -jU
person from whom blood-
revenge is sought.
Stand firm, UlJ - '
stick, remain: IV prostrate
(an adversary) so that he
becomes unable to move.
Name of Ta'abbata
Sharrari. See J*-t.
IV make heavy
or thick, exceed.
x o
He made a JJJ
heavy slaughter.
Abundance.
Serpent.
Proper name mas-
culine.
Front teeth. jju
Gap or breach in a line
of defence, mountain-pass.
Be heavy : IV weigh JJb
heavily on, burden.
Heavy. JU5
Be bereft (a
m other) of (her child).
Three.
GLOSSARY
Before him.
While.
Manifest, clear.
Evident.
Evidence, proof.
Between, among.
* ^J
see ^
Name of a place.
see
Follow. yj __L
Be completed, be ful- J^
filled : IV complete, perfect :
VI come together, muster in
full force.
Fullness, completion.
Name of a tribe.
Complete.
More or most complete.
Collective, dates.
A date.
Repent; 'ila, repent
toward.
Old ajjjj
Testament.
Proper name mas-
culine.
Name of a tribe.
Collective,
Coffin.
X be arranged, be
put in good order.
Perish : II destroy.
Follow: TV with
double ace., cause a thing to
follow a person, pursue him
with it: V search after by
degrees, investigate : VIII
follow, pursue.
Follower. LJ|
Appositive.
j
J
Merchant.
Under, Oo
beneath.
Leave, leave alone,
abandon.
Nine. &xlj al
JJJ
Nineteen.
Ninety.
(see
GLOSSARY
Pamplona.
see ^
Build.
I xOx
^
Used collectively, buildings. *Uj
Son. *l
Four years old. ^-wL
Daughter.
Gate.
Pass the night. Ol
Tent, house, ^>}*t ?
family.
0- Ox
Verse.
Helmet.
Whiteness.
ace.,
White.
With
a thing to anyone : III swear
allegiance to anyone as Ca-
liph : VIII buy.
A domed %^> * AJUJ
building, church.
^W
II make plain : IV become
plain : V appear plainly.
Explanation.
First-born.
Belonging to the tribe
of Bakr.
Weep.
r , on the contrary.
i
Country, land, town.
Used collectively, country.
Palace (palatium). Jt*}L>
Name of a mare.
Reach, attain,
arrive at, come to one's know-
ledge, reach manhood : II
with double ace., bring (a
thing) to anyone, deliver
(a message) to anyone : IV
speak eloquently.
Delivery.
*
Eloquence.
Exaggeration.
"**
Trial.
Affliction.
Tried tested.
iJb
Hrm- ,Jk
what has been denied).
GLOSSARY
Army.
Perish : IV make
distant, remove
Afterwards; with negative, Juu
not yet. ^
Afterwards.
After.
Portion,
some, one of...
One . . . another.
Do not
implore thy Lord any further.
Division into parts.
Husband.
She-mule. SJJu _ l^j
Seek for, desire. i.,
Cattle. j _ j^.
One head of cattle.
Remain, endure, *Ub "jj
be left over, survive : IV
leave over: X leave alive,
spare.
Remainder. 3^
Proper name jSu jX- _
masculine ; name of a tribe.
Say Jj
II give good news to ;
with ace. of the person and
bi, announce to anyone the
good news of...: IV be of
good cheer: X rejoice at
good news.
Men.
Good news.
Herald.
The Basques
( Vascones).
bi, see, look at.
Sight, look.
Name of a city near
the mouth of the Euphrates,
bi, seeing, able to see. j.^
Bottom of 2la*bu r , J"L
a water-course, soft earth,
sand.
Become vain or it^.
void : IV make void, annul.
Brave man, warrior.
Vain, worthless.
Belly. ^__
Send, raise from the
dead.
GLOSSARY
A Berber,
ttl J J
Belonging to the lyo-**^ ---
tribe of al Barajim.
6J
A kind of gar- >j~>*jJ -
ment which is wrapped round
the body.
x j
Go out : III go out jjj
to fight with an adversary,
engage in single combat with.
Excelling.
Gleam, flash.
Illfi, bless; Vibe
blessed.
The coward (nickname
of Hajjaj ibn 'abdi-llah al
IV twist so as to be
strong (a rope), consolidate.
Falcon. ^ $}*>
Proper name mascu- j~*>
line.
Wide, wide lx>...) Jx^-
expanse ; name of a metre.
Proper name mas- ^Ua.. -
culine.
Courage.
V smile.
Make flow : VII
gush.
Sea.
The lake (of la Janda
near Medina Sidonia).
Bravo ! >
Ml J
Escape, means ju 3J^
of avoiding.
VIII begin. lju
- o
Beginning, subject of a
nominal sentence.
Inchoative, subject of a
nominal sentence.
III hasten to be
before, forestall; bi, hasten
to gain possession of.
X
Proper name masculine ; jj*>
name of a well between
Mecca and Medina.
Substitution, J ju Jj*>
substitute, permutative.
Appear. \Jt
IV fulfil, make good, jjj
Become $j3 ^ \jj
convalescent.
The Berbers, >t
the inhabitants of North
Africa.
GLOSSARY
# Of.
Uxjt
Yes. ^f
Which, whichever. ^|
Particle, denoting the accu- b!
sative, prefixed to personal
pronouns.
Strong. J^l Jut
Again.
Proper name masculine.
A time. ^t-
At the present time, now.
Where?
Wherever.
OUlt- uti
w b w
Job. J^j
j,i.
x
see I and $ separately.
Weary, fatigue.
Be crooked.
Crookedness.
Name of a tribe.
Household, ^J\
kinsfolk.
The first.
see ^)li
A time.
^Ij Obi 9* jt
Sign, miracle, verse (of the
Coran).
O !, that is, m
o/" blame, be evil.
Courage, strength, fear.
There is no fear ^JULft
for thee, i.e., security is
granted to thee.
Grievous.
Spread, disseminate.
-n
.rroper name mascu-
line.
In, at, by, with, by ^
means of, by reason of, in
exchange for.
In oaths, by. ^, >
Well, cistern. jSj jb
Be in distress or ^J;j '
poverty : VI feign poverty :
VIII grieve.
Be brave.
GLOSSARY
The negative 'in =
not.
Verily.
I.
ul
Ye.
You two.
II make feminine.
Female.
Feminine (of gender).
Gospel.
*J\
bi, become friendly ^t
with.
x
Proper name masculine. ^Jl
A human being, a man.
English.
Only.
Whence? How?
t
People, house- ^jAl ^Jjbl
hold, kinsmen, family, wife.
i
Or ; followed by subjunctive, 3
until.
c^
Security, promise of (jUt
security.
A trust or deposit com- iiUt
mitted to anyone.
Trustworthy.
Amen.
Believer.
Slave-girl. <ut ^
Belonging to the
Omaiyads.
Proper name masculine.
The Omaiyads.
That.
Because.
As though.
It is as if I saw . . . d
thee . . .
In order that . . . not . .
In order that.
J M
The explicative 'an
= saying or as follows.
If.
The conditional'in
= if.
Not.
J
Chief of the
religious community, imam.
Is it not the case that **( Ut
Truly, verily. Oj ^
With following
regards, but.
If.
Either ... or.
GLOSSARY
A thousand.
^
as to, as Ut
UJ
. . . . Ut
5^
s t- j
Command, enjoin ; j-ol
II appoint as commander :
III consult : VI deliberate
in common.
Of
Command, authority, j-ot
thing, affair, action.
-(.
A sign, consisting of SjUt
stones, set up as a guide to
travellers in the desert.
7? J
vL '
governor, prince.
* * *
see io otj-oi^ I/**'
Be secure : IV make ^o\
secure, give security to, be-
lieve (in a religious sense) ;
bi and li, believe in (God) :
X 'ila, ask security from, be
under the protection of.
Of J "> '
I am not sure . . . &\ <^*\ *y
but that . . ,
Commander,
Is it not the case
that?
Suffer.
Painful.
Adore.
Object of Ay
worship, god.
The god, God.
O God!
To, towards, until.
Of
Particle of interroga- ^1
lion, or'?
Wl0 J
Go in the direction of, ^ol
make for; break anyone's
head by inflicting the wound
~ U*l-
called 2*t.
Mother. j*\
, 6,, li 0,J 2,1
Proper a*>A
name feminine.
Religious com-
munity, nation, people.
A wound that penetrates 2^\
almost to the brain.
Illiterate. ^t
", t
Before, in advance of. ^&Ut
GLOSSARY
Franks, Europeans. f*Jj\
The Roman pro-
vince of Africa.
tft
Cause to put on bCJI
a false appearance.
Falsehood.
Name of a tribe.
II corroborate.
Eat.
Voracious.
The.
A javelin.
j'
at
Is it not the case that '? *$\
certainly, truly, verily.
That... not. sj|
Why not ? *s)|
Except, unless, otherwise s)|
than ; in combination with
preceding negative = only.
see
see
Who, he who, which,
that which.
X seek the friendship
of, ingratiate one's self with.
Foundation.
Foundation.
Isaac.
Author of the first ,$U*..*I
biography of the Prophet
(died 151 A.H.).
Name of a tribe. jwt
Belonging to the tribe /rjuJ
A
of Asad.
Take captive : X take j^A
captive.
z
Captive.
Israel.
Grieve : IV make
grieve.
Afflicted.
see ^^
Proper name feminine.
Dense, intri- ^wl
*
cate.
Seville.
Burden.
Root, origin, J^ol J^t
foundation.
Month of August. c*-lt
Witiza (name of
a king).
GLOSSARY
AA
Good manners, education.
Lettered, polite.
Teacher.
Adam . _>o 1 >3 1
Name of a place. ^
II convey, conduct. ^3 1
When, since. 31
When, whenever, if, there !
lo!
- j
Name of some hills
to the west of Mecca.
'ila, give ear to ; li,
give permission to : II and
IY cause anyone to listen,
announce, declare : Y pro-
claim, declare obligatory on
one's self : X ask permission;
fi, ask permission to...
Permission.
Ear.
Suffer injury.
Earth,
land.
Proper name mascu-
line.
A garment
jtjt jjt
covering the waist and upper
portion of the leg.
One.
Eleven.
Hatred, enmity.
see $.\
t , s. J
Seize, take, re- tjui.1 J^.1
ceive; bi, grasp, seize, visit
with ; f i, begin, enter on :
YIII take for one's self,
adopt, choose.
He stood on his
guard.
0^ * **
He took pre- <**Ju ^A Jc**.!
cautions for his own safety.
,0 I
Other, i^j.*-!
another.
Last, latter, end.
x
Brother.
Member of
such and such a tribe.
^
Sister. Ot^.t
Entertain.
Be well brought up :
II educate, teach good man-
ners, correct, punish ; Y be-
come educated, cultured,
well-bred.
GLOSSARY
an end of, consume, destroy :
IV with double ace., give
anything to anyone.
Comparative from ^ .Jl
One who, more \*jju ^ l^j UUt
than any of us, commits wrong.
Imperative of ,Jt IV, OU
bring.
Relate : IV prefer. j2t ^
Trace, footstep, relic. jUf ... jj\
Special friend, favourite. j*3\
Comparative of j-ol, ^ot
favourite.
II found, establish. JJt
see .jij O^'
VIII give alms, re- j^J
ceive wages.
Reward.
Fixed term.
Yes.
't.
.oJ
Particle of interrogation.
jut
Endure.
Ever, perpetually.
Abraham.
V put under one's Jtut
(own) armpit.
5> *
Name of a pre-islamic \j>
poet.
Collective, J?!~ J^ 1
camels.
Eblis, the Devil.
see ^JJ
Father. 3J\ ^
5 't.
Refuse, reject, dislike; ^l
'ala, refuse (anything) to any-
one.
A woman
who leads the chorus of mourn-
ing women.
Come, come to, OU3I ^\
reach ; bi, bring, produce,
commit; 'ala, arrive at, make
A-1
Ajt
ufi
-J.J*.
- A^U
(>
x x x J!
A) Ufcj
IV
dy^U5_ ^^ JA! c
t
AJ! C
Ox Ox
AJ loJIj AJ
OJOxti
ul J JOJ
JO.
AJI a
-i^b 4^3 ^AUa
i J0xj
UDt
x
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u~iTi> 4*3 u
C*-*
X X X
J U*la$
j j
)l
J3
Ul J^AJ
^JJI
JOxxx^
e. o.
JOxx 5 J Jxvl
o*->. ^J wJLLJt
JI5
CH>
if. 5 xOJ
xdx xOJ
f
Ox J
xxo
JI ,Jt
i* u
7^
J i Ox
^o ^JeU*. jkiJ
OUJI
JOC 'OJ
Jfj^yjt
Oi J J x C
4. The escape of 'abd al Rahman the Omaiyad from
Syria into Spain.
a*
J
131
4 -t ^
_? ^"<
jj^JI ,
GR. II.
A
LAJI ^
,ji.
^,J
JxOxO
xOP Ix
P JJ
UjJU ^^fcj 131 ^4i
X^xOx J X Wl XX OX>
Js'...j ^xj UCX^ ,J Uj^ast Uc l^-Sj^aJl I^U
Ox xx
A-Lk.P
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v-1
vi- .-
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AJtj 4<u,k..^ <_
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.j tju
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i ' ' f- 2 ' >
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vv
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5 x ^
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Ox xx 5 x j o x xx i xoe
^^x^J! JjLb J*s*~> Ja.o-3 LAjj^ dj iplio *$ O*^ ^j' '
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<"
O-*
AA=> J
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Ubl ly
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JA! l^jtdl* Liul
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fc. toj lyJUaS J I^*M. A)
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f
jAt A^
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juJJ! AJt s^-O loUg u^.\%
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AJJJ
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UJ ds
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aJ^j ^1
x x x ^"^
JLj
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lit
p
AJ
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tJuL
til
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55
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jQxOJSOx
xic
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I J J
U
JU3
JiJb pi
dJt
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i3 JU c ' v>
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ul Ox
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5 Tr
x J x ' * 2
^ --*
x
Ox # xOOxJ
Ufa>j IJdb O^ **^
Of
CS xP
xOxOxJO<0 J
OJ J!xx
lyJUbt
Ox JO
i J
1=1
3 J J x
JU
xSxft
Ml
_
-3 A^ d
Ox J J
1A
3. Roderic, the last of the Goths.
OU U
o-
J U
x J
3 *
x J OA
\ ,'~y l ' Ox I
,. \ $n;
O
Of-
vx x i
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S> ' t> f. f. vtt.
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15
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xv
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vt J x I MI Of-0
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13 u J-yi jOaJt ybj oi uj^ij o^W J A^ u
' .. X _ <"-' " "* __|* i^ J * J ~ J - - V* J^fa^i^^"^ 1 * 1 ^^^ - '
iijUl JlSj
4 j AC o u u i- 131
JJ J'xOC ii xJ Ox xxx Jx ,, xxx
JU.) w^Lol l^t jJsUJ lyR-tfU* J^AJ lyJ
x
JL.3
_ X ^xx
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< J
2 9x J 6 J x J J fx 6 x OJ
g cJ^j^ ^-~' ^i**^' O"* ^.5*^
7"~ a " 2.
j^J 3|jJt ^ ^31.
J0i lij JxxO_0
XXX 5 J
(w-jjUu^Jt O 1 * ) [rtjt^ij ,-jt o^
o ,e
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ui J <J
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GR. II.
v>0
' [>JU. o l
5 J
rj t
J>$ ^
x
J15
<J?
J 15 ] **
13]
ir
x x x 3 x J05 t
^ "^
xJJ *
^ J*** ^
*
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x **
J
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0X xij
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uuj
ir
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Jii3
111 JL
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o-.t ^^1 UA
wl px uix>
Ul
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J xOx Ox
^A Jl N) J13
I,? tJJb
JJ AJ J13
Jj.l ^1^
Of x Ow
ul J JO
<[jo <U
u
2. The Entry of al Hajjaj into al Kvtfafc.
^LJ u' Ji5
Jx
Jlo. 22* J
J JO? " J
JU3
i=x-'
Ij-j^t Jt>j3
tjJb
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i JOJO P JO
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el
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x J O
3) A..J.-3
J^*-'
AJJt Ol^ii J'-U
x TT x
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5x JxxO x OC
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JU3
Jl
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u
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di x CO 9 x x . J 0*>
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Jit JUi <u
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i
VARIOUS HISTORICAL EXTRACTS.
1. The Murder of 'all, the Son-in-law of the Prophet.
3^jlj CA^J Obj-v^t J-*' iV^ J^ 5 O^ ^Cijt ^>! J15
TT - '
vi S>s * J ' Z ' s xOf ^ ,
.Of x x j x w
Iju^t jJ AjjU-oj UU Oj
J Of x xO x 5 x JJif. x J J
AJU&t J15 AJ ^XJ Juj VU3 LJlt JSlI Ul ^J-o o
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Oj J J Ox
J13 $U ^
x x x /o Ox Ox
'Ox; x I
~
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-
J
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AJ iwl* oJVS
J
Jxx
J t^Li
Oxi
X
JL5
j xO J o j
Ox J Of.
c
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x -
ju
JU
*"
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dJUt
UlJ
JU U;b j
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3. The Death of the Prophet.
3 0>0
t O^ 1 J 15 '
,$ iui 4
Ox xj JQ vt tO
Ox x J OiO
3 J15
D2
'Ox> J
i i x> J ,- Ox
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C JO / jO
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e jo ixjox
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X XX X.
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GR. II. D
J OOxO
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2. The Taking of Mecca.
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1. How Samuel bin 'Adiya, the Jewish hero, kept his
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GR. II.
LaArab
AUTHOR:
Gr
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Pre a ad
K.^^/^
University of Toronto
Library
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