presetttcb to
fye ^Itbrarg
of tye
Pmterstty of tEoroitto
The Dept. of Oriental
Languages for use in the
Oriental Seminar.
THORNTON'S ARABIC SERIES,
VOLUME III.
ELEMENTARY ARABIC
SECOND READING-BOOK
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
ILontron: FETTER LANE, E.C.
C. F. CLAY, Manager
Oftinbursf): 100, PRINCES STREET
Berlin : A. ASHER AND CO.
Heipjtg: F. A. BROCKHAUS
0rui gork: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
Sombag anb Calcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO.
Ltd.
All rights reserved
ELEMENTARY ARABIC
a series planned by
FREDERIC DU PRE THORNTON
SECOND READING-BOOK
BY
REYNOLD A. NICHOLSON, Litt.D.
Lecturer in Persian in the University of Cambridge,
and some time Fellow of Trinity College
Cambridge :
at the University Press
1909
Cambridge :
PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A.
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
.-m
NTec ik " rrAC
PREFACE
THIS Reading-Book is the second of three which were
planned by the late Mr Thornton for his Arabic Series.
The first, .published in 1907, contains certain extracts from the
Koran, a portion (pp. 13 64) of Wright's Arabic Reading-Book,
a grammatical analysis of the Koranic text, and a glossary ; the
third, which I hope to bring out next year, will comprise the
remainder of Wright's work, a glossary, and brief explanatory
notes.
The present volume is marked by some novel features.
1. The selected passages are taken from texts and manu-
scripts which, so far as I know, have not hitherto been edited by
any European scholar.
2. They have been chosen and arranged in chronological
order with the purpose of illustrating the literary, social, and
religious history of the Arabs.
3. Notes have been added at the foot of each page, partly
to explain grammatical and linguistic difficulties, and partly to
supply such literary and historical information as is indispensable.
I will now state the various sources from which I have derived
the nineteen extracts included in this book.
I. The manners, customs, and beliefs of the Pre-islamic Arabs.
This passage is taken from the Mustatraf, an extensive
anthology compiled by Muhammad ibn 'Ahmad al-Khatib al-
'Abshihi, who died about 1450 a.d., and comprises the greater
part of the fifty-ninth chapter (Bulaq edition, 1268 A. H., vol. ii.
pp. 9599).
VI PREFACE
II. The war of Dalris and al Ghabra.
This account of one of the most famous Pre-islamic wars
occurs in the 'iqd al /arid by Ibn 'abdi rabbihi of Cordova,
who died in 940 a.d. (Cairo edition, 1293 a.h., vol. iii. p. 67,
1. 21 to p. 68, 1. 27).
III. Arab knights.
Also from the 'iqd (vol. i. p. 44, 1. 1 1 to p. 45, last line).
IV. Concerning poetry and poets.
This passage consists of extracts from the forty-ninth
section of the Muzhir fi *"uMm al lughdh, a well-known treatise
on philology, by Jalal al din al Suyuti, who died in 1505 a.d.
(Bulaq edition, 1282 a.h., vol. ii. pp. 234245).
V. Specimens of Arabian eloquence, wit, and wisdom.
These are selected from the Kitdb al baydn wal tabaiyun, a
very interesting work on rhetoric by 'amr ibn Bahr al Jahiz,
who died in 869 a.d. (Cairo edition, 1313 a.h., vol. i. p. 175,
1. 5 top. 192, 1. 14).
VI. Early Moslem asceticism.
Extracts from the same work, vol. ii. p. 86, 1. 9 to p. 91,
1. 22.
VII. The meaning and derivation of ' Sufi.'
Two extracts from the RisdlaJh al Qu sliai riyaK, an important
treatise on early Muhammadan mysticism, by Abu 1 Qasim al
Qushairi of Nishapur, who died in 1072 a.d. (Cairo edition,
1318 a.h., p. 9, 11. 310, and p. 149, 11. 2435).
VIII. Stories of Moslem saints.
These are taken from the Leiden manuscript of the
Hilydh al auliyd (Cod. 311 Warn.) by Abu Nu'aim al 'Isfahan!,
who died in 1038 a.d. See the Leiden Catalogue, vol. v. p. 209.
The anecdotes of 'Ibrahim ibn 'Adham occur in vol. i. f. 182 6
and foil., while the story of Dh u '1 Nun al Misri comes in
vol. ii. f. 205 a and foil.
PREFACE Vll
IX. The Shu'ubiyah and their opponents.
Two extracts from the l iqd al /arid of Tbn 'abdi rabbihi,
vol. ii. p. 85, 1. 19 to p. 86, 1. 21 ; and p. 90, 1. 11 to p. 91,
1. 17.
X. The Mu'taziliyaft.
Two extracts from the KashkUl, a popular anthology com-
piled by Baha al din al 'Amili, who died in 1621 a.d. (Bulaq
edition, 1288 a.h., p. 159, 11. 1421, and p. 219, 1. 18 to
p. 220, 1. 7).
XI Some Arab orators.
This passage occurs in the Zahr al dddb by Abu 'Ishaq
'Ibrahim al Husri of Qairawan in North Africa, who died in
1022 or 1061 a.d. His anthology has been printed on the
margins of the l iqd al /arid (Cairo edition, 1293 a.h.). The
passage in question will be found in vol. iii. p. 200, 1. 19
to p. 204, 1. 8. I have collated it with the Leiden manuscript,
1528 Testa, f. 188 b, 1. 15 and foil. See the Leiden Catalogue,
vol. i. p. 260.
XII. 'abdallah ibn Ja'far and the Caliph Mu'awiyali.
From the l igd al/arid, vol. iii. p. 236, 1. 21 to p. 237, 1. 26.
XIII. Persons who died or fainted on hearing a song.
Also from the *iqd, vol. iii. p. 256, 1. 13 to p. 258, 1. 11.
XIV. Ibn al Muqaffa'.
From the Zahr al dddb, printed on the margins of the 'iqd,
vol. i. p. 182, 1. 11 to p. 183, 1. 30. The same passage occurs
in the Leiden manuscript, Cod. 27, f. 88 a, 1. 15 and foil. See
the Leiden Catalogue, vol. i. p. 260.
XV. Laila al 'Akhyaliyan.
From the Zahr al dddb, vol. iii. p. 250, 1. 12 to p. 254, 1. 1,
and p. 256, 1. 31 to p. 257, 1. 2 = the Leiden manuscript, 1528
Testa, f. 204 6, last line and foil.
Vlll PREFACE
XVI. Abu Dulamah.
From the Hqd, vol. i. p. 97, 1. 18 to p. 98, 1. 13.
XVII. Al 'attabi.
From the Zahr al dddb, vol. ii. p. 237, 1. 8 to p. 239, 1. 29 =
the Leiden manuscript, 1528 Testa, f. 58 b, 1. 10 and foil.
XVIII. The vizier al Muhallabi.
From the same work, vol. i. p. 127, third line from foot, to
p. 129, 1. 16 = the Leiden manuscript, Cod. 27, f. 62 a, 1. 8 and
foil.
XIX. The ahib 'Isma'il ibn 'abbad.
This passage consists of extracts from the third chapter of
the third part of the Yatimah al dahr, a celebrated poetical
anthology compiled by Abu Mansur al Tha'alibi of Nishapur,
who died in 1038 a.d. (Damascus edition, 1304 a.h. vol. iii.
p. 33, 1. 5 to p. 37, 1. 10).
It will be observed that most of these pieces are taken from
works which were composed before the middle of the fifth century
of Islam, that is to say, not later than 1050 a.d., and therefore
fall within the best period of Arabic prose literature or, at all
events, sufficiently near it to ensure a correct and idiomatic style.
I have not made any extracts from the Kitdb al 'aghdni, as a
large number of passages selected from that incomparable book
have already been published at Bey rout under the title of Riwdydt
al 'aghdni ; and my choice has been limited in other ways, e.g., by
the consideration that a piece which may be instructive and
illuminating to advanced scholars who are familiar with the
whole subject is often unsuitable for young students who are still
occupied in mastering the ordinary difficulties of the language.
Readers of this class, for whom the present Series is primarily
intended, will appreciate the vocalisation, fairly complete at the
beginning and gradually diminishing towards the end. As regards
the grammatical references in the Notes, those without author's
PREFACE IX
name (for example, 448 (f), Rem. b) refer to the sections of
Mr Thornton's Grammar, which appeared in 1 905 as the first volume
of this Series; but I have also referred occasionally to the 3rd edition
of Wright's Arabic Grammar (1898), using the abbreviation,
1 Wright.' LHA . denotes my Literary History of the Arabs (1 907).
The use of the Glossary will be facilitated if attention is paid
to the following explanation.
Wherever in the glossary the first or ground form of a verb is
mentioned as occurring in the text, a line is ruled and the
characteristic vowels are placed above or below, thus :
Jui.1 'akhadha ya'khudhu to take.
J^w sabaqa yasbuqu and yasbiqu to precede.
When the first form of the verb does not occur in the text,
the radical letters only are given, thus J>JLb IV to set free, for
the fourth form of talaqa has that meaning ; and when the
second and third radicals are identical, the perfect is not vowelled,
thus :
y^]o zanna yazunnu to think.
Where needful a preposition appears, thus :
Uj da'a yad'u to call, but
w> U> da'a bi, yad'u bi to call for, and
J U,> da'a li, yad'u li to pray for, to bless.
The vowels of each verb's first and final radical are unmarked,
they being invariably fathah ; also fathah is omitted before I and
3, as no other vowel is permissible.
In case a noun is diptote, its final consonant bears dammah,
J *t
thus C)^ji Pharaoh; but triptotes are not marked with tanwin,
thus 15^ for halyun ornament; nor are sound feminine plurals,
thus Olj-&J for tharaaratun, fruits.
The following abbreviations are used*:
p. for >** jnV plural.
X PREFACE
3 tOto to*
jb-*, for wJ^Jt p-oar jam'u '1 mu'annath plural of the
feminine,
j* for w-oj-o mu'annath feminine.
w*w for j^to niuthanna dual.
Ace. for accusative.
a.h. for -dnno Hegirae, thus 75 a. h. denotes the seventy -
fifth lunar year after the 5/a~A Heyira (Flight of the
Prophet from Mecca) in 622 a. d., which marks the
commencement of the Muhammadan era.
Fig. for figuratively.
Impf. for imperfect.
Inf. for infinitive.
for equivalent to.
It should also be mentioned that the masdar follows its verb
in the accusative case : thus \sjj 2)j3 taraka tarkari signifies that
tark is the masdar of taraka. The reader will perceive the
distinction made throughout this volume between ^j> and ^, the
former being always written when the letter has" its ordinary
sound, namely i (pronounced ee) or ?/, whereas ^ is written
only when it has the sound of a.
Texts published in the East are seldom accurate, and it is not
easy to correct them without reference to good manuscripts, an
Advantage which I have generally been obliged to forgo on this
occasion. Therefore I wish to acknowledge with sincere gratitude
the generous help that I have received from my friend and
colleague, Professor A. A. Bevan, and from Professor D. S.
Margoliouth. Nor must I omit to thank the authorities of the
Leiden University Library for placing at my disposal some
valuable MSS., which otherwise I should not have been able to
consult without serious inconvenience.
REYNOLD A. NICHOLSON.
Cambridge,
October, 1909.
CONTENTS
II.
in.
IV.
v.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
x.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
Glossary
The manners, customs, and beliefs of the
Pre-islamic Arabs
The war of Dahis and al Ghabra
Arab knights
Concerning poetry and poets .
Specimens of Arabian eloquence, wit, and
wisdom .....
Early Moslem asceticism .
The meaning and derivation of ' Sufi '
Stories of Moslem saints .
The Shu'ubiyah and their opponents
The Mu'taziliyah ....
Some Arab orators ....
'abdallah ibn Ja'far and the Caliph
Mu'awiyan .....
Persons who died or fainted on hearing a
Ibn al Muqaffa'
Laila al 'Akhyaliyan
Abu Dulaman .
Al 'attabi
The vizier al Muhallabi .
The Sahib 'Isma'll ibn 'abbad
PAGES
I A
a tr
ir r.
r. M
M oc
6a i r
V I V>
Vfi A*
A. AF
AO-1 I
. i r
. r i -V
A | |.
I# Ml
i v r
ERRATA AND ADDENDA
P. | , L 9. For IpU read 5,51*.
P. rv, L 4. For ?%k read "&$L.
P. TA, 1. 10. For %[ja read tfjj.
P. 6p, 1. 7. The words ^JU S^L ^ <JbT *Ujt ] ^t
Oyj- 3 *^ ^** ^ occur in the Koran, ch. 10, v. 63.
P. & A, 1. 4. i^or ^LM^Jt read /^Ul^Xjt.
P. 1c, 1. 1. For Jil rmd Jit.
P. AA, 1. 11. For ^JJu read ^yJu.
P. | r, 1. 11. For lrJ\ read ^j^>Jt.
P. | p, 1. 5. Read cijll.
GLOSSARY
n
ot J *
see *yk.
Joseph.
mi o *
Day, day of j\A ?r J*$i
battle.
kf>*
On that day, then.
J^*
Hill.
cub juLj
TheYaman, ^>JI { j^j
South Arabia.
at
Belonging to the Yam an. .J l*j
The party of the a-hU-JI
Southern Arabs.
M
GLOSSARY
figure called A^jI (a species
of metonymy).
j
Harlot. Amxc^o i*s~ c 3
Waterless SUj* .-*$
desert.
Give; li of 4*a w^a^
person and ace., forgive (any-
one a fault) ; ace. and li, for-
give (anyone) for the sake of
(anyone), grant anyone's
pardon as a favour to anyone :
VI forgive one another.
Liberal, munificent. w^J
I V cause (anyone) to ^fcj
believe (anything).
*
Imagination, conjecture. j&$
Woe, alas. Juj
Take charge of, ad- .Jj
minister, be or become gover-
nor (of a province) or Caliph :
II make (anyone) Caliph or
governor; double aee. % appoint
(anyone) to (a command) : V
take charge of, look after.
^ Of Hi
Near, appropriate, l\Jj\ *- ^J$
seemly ; friend, saint, holy
man.
Governor, viceroy. 5*^j <> Jlj
Elative of .Jj-
Client, enfran- Jt^* ?r \Jy
chised slave, patron
Mistress.
, lord.
5^
IV indicate by a sign, Icj
allude, use the rhetorical
Hand, a united jut - ju
body.
Before, in front of, ^ju <j-o
in the presence of.
A game of
hazard played with arrows.
J JO,
Jacob. w)^u.i
O, oh.
Gog.
**^-
Despair; min, ULj ^Jo
despair of.
Dryness.
Ox
T. A. III.
GLOSSARY
r.A
VIII lean, support
one's self.
Procession,
Nest. J=>3 J^3
II ace. of person and ^J^j
bi, put (anyone) in charge of
(anything), entrust (any-
thing) to the care of (any-
one): VIII 'ala, rely on, be
confident of.
Bring forth (young), jjj
bear (children); passive, be
born.
Child, son; jdjj ^ 3 \ . jjj
also collective, children.
Boy.
0^3 - ^3
Father.
jJtj
Parents.
o*jto 3
Son.
JO s
>3>3*
Of poetry, modern, com- jJ^o
posed after the corruption of
the Arabic language.
jS/ jo,-
The moderns, the 03^3^
modern poets.
Acquired long ago, long jJU
possessed, hereditary pro-
perty.
the hands of; ma'a, meet :
II add a note or postscript
(to a letter).
Battle. 4*53
That which happens to 4*5 1^
anyone, accident, adventure.
Note added OlxJ^j -j- -+*
to a letter, postscript.
Harmony (in music). P^'
Stand, stand still ; sJ&$
'ala, stop at (a place), present
one's self to (anyone) ; ace.
and 'ala, cause (anyone) to
stop at (a place), conduct
(anyone) to ; bi and 'ala,
present (anyone) to (anyone),
bring into anyone's presence:
II and IV ace. of person and
'ala, make (anyone) acquaint-
ed with (anything): V stop,
halt : X ask (anyone) to halt.
Guard : VIII guard ^Jj
one's self against, be afraid of,
fear.
Fear of God, piety, i>*3
t j
Fear of God, piety. ^su
m o - *
God-fearing, pious. AJu\ ^ .Ju
Elative of > j^yul
r-v
GLOSSARY
Envoys (sent to a prince jjj
or viceroy), deputation.
Be abundant or tj^ij jij
ample.
Abundant, ample, full. ji\^
Elative of jh\$.
TV of God, cause to Jiij
succeed, help : III agree with,
be in accord with : VIII
happen, occur.
Divine aid or blessing. Jh>s>>
Keep a promise : %\s$ .-ij
III come to, meet: V of God,
take to himself ; passive, die
(a blessed death).
Death.
Loyal, faithful.
Complete, perfect.
Elative of \-fi\3.
oi *
J?
* i
C^ 3
0IS3I p. wsdj
Time, occasion.
IV kindle, light. j3$
Be or become j3j 3 j3j
heavy; fi,sink deep into (any-
one's heart).
Fall, befall, U5J $ 3 -1-
happen, occur; 'inda, fall into
and bi, commit (anyone) by
testament to the charge of
(anyone), recommend to any-
one's good offices : X bi and
* *
Ij-ofc., commend (anyone) to
one's self, take good care of
(anyone).
Place, put, put down, JC03
found, establish ; fi, devote
(money) to (a certain purpose);
'an, put (anything) off from :
VI arrange with one another;
li, humble one's self before
(anyone).
Place.
t"?**
Oven.
Soft sandy w*fcj w-^5
ground.
? -
Promise. Ij^ js-$
Threats, menaces. J^j
Warn, admonish. 4ja &.*
Warning, JapI^o SJaPj-o
admonition.
Foolish, base. 3U3I - **$
IV fi, enter far into. Jxj
'ala, come to (a olij jjj
prince or viceroy).
Quality,
attribute.
ttJLo}) _. ^icj
Join, iLoj *$y&3 \J^3
make presents to (anyone) ;
'ila, reach, come close to : III
be united with (anyone) ; con-
tinue to do (anything) with-
out interruption : IV 'ila,
convey or deliver (anything)
to (anyone) : V employ subtle
means {e.g. a ruse or flattery)
to gain one's object; 'ila,
seek to arrive at or endeavour
to attain (anything) by any
means : VIII bi, arrive at,
attain to.
Gift, donation. 4JI0
j j
Access, attainment. <J}*3
Inf. of J* 3 III. JUj
A ewe which brings ^Uy#i
forth two young (a male and
a female) at a birth.
GLOSSARY
Office of vizier.
Urge on, instigate. ej^
Weigh, balance, give ^jjj
rhythm to (words).
Metre, rhythm.
Measure.
IV recommend: bi.
<^ J
give a testamentary injunc-
tion respecting (anyone); ace.
of person and bi, recommend
(anyone) to do (anything),
charge (anyone) by testament
to. . .; 'ila, give a testamentary
injunction to (anyone) ; 'ila
r.i
UJ3
Metrical.
Otis*
A kind of alkwlj .kwj
ship.
Be ample enough for, itwj
comprise : VIII be or become
wide or extensive, be opulent.
Abundance, opulence,
riches.
bi, entitle (a book) : j^^
VIII designate one's self.
Designation.
Season at which the
pilgrimage to Mecca takes
place.
IV 'an and subj., be **Jlw}
near (doing anything), be on
the point of.
Embroidered , ->
silk.
yf*-^
Describe ; bi, 0L03
describe (anyone) as....
r.o
GLOSSARY
Name of a place.
Blood-wit.
Leave. (This verb is j}j
not used in the perfect.)
Inherit: IV bequeath ^3
(as an inheritance), leave be-
hind ; double ace, bequeath
(anything) to (anyone).
Inheritance. >j\
Inheritance. ^jt*
Come down to, come to. ^3
Rose. >j3
Place to which one comes
down for water.
>J3
Watering-place; >j\^-c r*- }j$*
Jig., place of danger.
Abstinence from e^ cj^
what is unlawful, devoutness.
Collective, JSjj Jj;3
leaves, paper for writing.
Collective, ^)V' l)J
mankind.
*
Behind. i\j$
Bear a burden, be a jjj
vizier.
Minister of a sovereign, jjj^
Face, countenance, d^-j r>- a-^
aspect, appearance (of truth),
reason, probability ; chief,
leading man.
Side. iy.
As regards, in con- i^ jj-o
nection with.
j , *
Alone, by oj^^ j^j
himself.
Solitude. Sj^.^
One, single, singular j*aJ\$
number.
IV distress, grieve : \j^*.$
V be or become wild : X li,
mourn the loss of.
Wild beast. ^^a-j . J^-$
Wild, savage. t ^
Hint, speak W**J L5*"3"^
enigmatically.
Revelation.
Wish.
Love.
V**
*>y*
Let, let be, let alone,
t _
leave : II take leave of, bid
farewell to : X deposit.
Taking leave, bidding eljj
farewell.
Valley, water- }\j ^>3
course.
GLOSSARY
r.p
ot
Desire, will,
passion.
Air.
Fear.
Excite, stir up, be
roused, rush.
Battle.
Be distraught, roam ^oU
senselessly.
Far from it ! ^V**
A bird ^U *. *LU ^o^A
that was believed by the pagan
Arabs to come forth from the
skull of a dead man, wraith.
j
Be of little account ^U
or insignificant : VI bi, hold
in contempt, despise.
Light, easy, inconsiderable. ^Jb
Hi *
Elative of j><Jb.
Desire, love. {$*
2 %'
Leap, spring. ^^03
An assault.
bi, place confidence <tiu JJjj
in, trust.
Idol. O^' CK3
'ala, be incumbent w-^-j
on, be binding on.
Hi *
Cowardly. vWj
Find, feel, perceive j^a-j
(a smell).
IV abbreviate, J**.j
make concise.
II bi, send ; bi and 4*.^
'ila, send (anything) to (any-
one).
And, even, also ; before a $
nominal sentence, whereas,
while, since, when; with the
genitive in oaths, by.
b
Alas !
Bury (a female
child) alive.
Pestilence.
Pestilential.
'* >j
'Wj Wj
&u
i
String (a bow) : II jjg
sam meaning.
A prayer consisting of
three inclinations of the head.
String (of a bow or jOjl 9. jJj
musical instrument).
r.r
GLOSSARY
Come here !, come ! ^\&
m
Intend; bi, be intent ^A
on, be on the point of, be
anxious to (do anything) :
VIII bi, be intent on.
Care, anxiety, grief. ^h
Aspiration, purpose, lofty 4*A
spirit.
Hi J
That which causes anxiety, ^^c
an important or dangerous
affair.
Name of a tribe. <jt j^oA
Belonging to .JtJuaA
Hamadhan (Ecbatana).
There. ^Ua
II bi or 'ala, felicitate La
(anyone) upon, wish (anyone)
joy of.
Inf. o/Ua II. 3^5
Proper name feminine. jJJb
The Indians. ju^JI
Indian; a burning-glass. iTJuA
i a j
An Indian sword.
He, it.
A Jew.
Terror.
^^o ^A
LP*vt> 3>A
J** J.3*
Direct : IV make or ^jJb
offer a gift; ace. and 'ila, give
(anything) as a present to
(anyone): VI give to one
another : VIII take the right
way.
Gift. *j**A
h&5 t^jU g- dJJb > Ua
This.
Flee. oyb ^
Be or become decrepit, ^o^a
Decrepit. ^a
Shake, brandish. ja
Jest, be gay. Jja
Put to flight. jbjA
Be exhilarated; strike ^^Ia
leaves off a tree (with a stick).
Thus. t j^a
Particle of inter- ,J&
rogation.
V flash. JJa
Belonging to the tribe /j*M
of Hilal.
Perish: IV destroy: >i\
X cause to be lost, destroy.
j
Deadly place, ^bl^ dSX^o
desert.
Lighthouse.
Cave used as a burial-place,
cave, cemetery.
Of 0,
Kind, variety, et^il *. ey
She-camel. 3JU
VI grasp, seize. J^i
Gift, bounty. Jty
Sleep. Uy >eU
Intend, propose ^y ^y
to one's self as an end.
Place to which anyone ^^j
migrates, dwelling-place.
Reach, overtake, ^)LJ JU
attain, obtain, get : IV cause
(anyone) to obtain.
Bounty, benefit. J.5U
GLOSSARY
r. r
Forbid, prohibit; Lyj .-yi
'an, forbid (anyone) to (do
anything) : VIII 'ila, arrive
at, reach.
Terminus, finishing- icv***
point.
Come upon, befall, w>U
overtake ; 'an, take the place
of (anyone).
Vicissitude,
calamity.
Calamity, mis-
*r>y g ^y
fortune, accident.
Noah.
Light.
Fire.
Hell-fire.
jyjy
J Hi *
iUI
hammad from Mecca to
Medina, 622 a.d.), the Hegira.
Vituperate, satirise.
Vituperation, satire.
Satirist.
V threaten. ,>jJb
Destroy, demolish. ^jub
Hoopoe.
} J
JJkJdb
see 3t-
Hagar.
see tjk*.
Fall down, descend.
OUb
gt*
Separate one's \j**Jb j^-Jt>
self from, abandon.
The Flight (of Mu-
w
r. i
GLOSSARY
Marry.
Marriage.
e-r
Disapprove, find fault j.5o
with : IV deny, repudiate,
object to (an assertion), be
displeased with.
II bi, make an ex- ^JJo
ample of, inflict an exemplary
punishment on (anyone).
* j i j
Nimrod. SjtjUi jy >3j^
Carpet, rug ; fig., L^>
fashion.
j t j it
Finger. ,
Of news, be conveyed, .-j
be reported.
Growth, development. pUj
Highway, ^ -^
beaten track.
River. j^j j^>
Day. jl^
Name of a district Ohj^^
to the south-east of Baghdad.
Stand up, rise j 'ila, ^a^j
rise against, attack: IV 'ila,
make (anyone) rise and go to.
Of an ass, bray. J^ ^
X exhaust. jJu
IV execute ; 'ila, send Ssu
or transmit (anything) to
(anyone).
Of an animal, be jJu
startled, start, flee : II startle,
frighten away.
A number of persons (from jSu
three to ten), a few.
Of a wild beast, springing ^iU
on its prey.
Soul, ^ysu p. u~.SU u-SU
self.
^Ujl . ^^AJ
Breath.
Ill act hypocritically : Jmu
IV expend.
Inf. of i6 III. J>U3
Gift, Jity 9. iUU JJu
work of supererogation.
X deliver (from evil). JJu
II 'an, examine, jsu
scrutinise.
Transport, con- *}Uu JJu
vey from one place to another :
VIII move from one place to
another, depart.
Clean, pure. .Ju ^Ju
Break (a U ^Ju
promise), violate (a compact).
GLOSSARY
A glance. Spsu
Similar, parallel. j+loj
Appearance, aspect. ^JxU
String together, ^Jau
compose poetry : II bi, adorn
(one's neck) with (a neck-
lace).
Ml *
Jeweller. >oUaj
That which is composed ^K;*
in verse.
Describe. Uxi Cou
Shoe. Jlxi *. Jxi
Be soft or smooth : j&6
IV 'ala, benefit, do a kind-
ness to, bestow bounty on.
Yes.
Beneficence, benefit, j^u *.
favour, bounty, prosperity,
happiness.
Bounty, favour, benefit,
happiness.
Benefactor.
, , -
Musical ^*j ?
note.
Spit.
Inflate.
e
Set up, erect, L,o.>
fix.
at
A stone w>Leut
used as an altar.
Share, lot.
Help, assist, defend. j*co
Helper. jl^Jlj &*j*c\j *. ja\j
Christian. ^Icu ->. { J\j^aJ
The Helpers (of juJ^t
Muhammad at Medina).
m
Descended from the ^l^ut
'Ansar or Helpers of Mu-
hammad.
Sword. J^aU
^/^t^3 ?- <Ldl3
J-3
-k~CL>
Fore-lock.
IV cook well, bake
well.
Verdant. j^U j-iu
IV make lean, ^*cu
emaciate.
"
Speech, J> K : ^ JUsu
eloquence.
Z * * * J
Look, see, look I^JaJ jJsu
at, look for, seek ; 'ila, look
at ; f i, look into, inspect :
III debate or dispute with,
interrogate, examine.
111
Women.
GLOSSARY
0*3-^3
JLj
IV grant delay to UJ
(anyone), give (anyone) time
(to pay a debt).
'ila, refer or attribute w .*>
to ; passive, 'ila, derive one's
name from : III be analogous
to, resemble.
a
Lineage, gene- wjUJI ?
'ila, attribution to, deri-
vation from.
Erotic prelude (of an
ode).
Genealogist.
J
Piety, ^LJ
devotion.
Pious, devout.
4jl~J
Hasten.
Forget. ^J -
Grow up : IV with LJ -
following imp/., begin to.
<
Place where one grows up
origin.
IV recite (poetry)
recite (poetry) to (anyone).
Spread, spread out. jJij
Crier. *U*o
Munificence, ^jo ^Ju
liberality.
Vow. j JJ
Draw back, retire ; ep
'ila, incline towards, hasten
to : III dispute with (any-
one) : VI dispute with one
another, contend.
Come down, ^Jijj ciP
descend, alight, encamp; ace,
alight at, encamp near; bi,
descend on, come upon : II
of God, send down (the Ko-
ran from heaven) : III de-
scend (from a horse or camel)
to fight with (anyone): IV
cause to alight, give lodging
to (anyone).
Revelation (of the Ko- *J-ij
ran).
*
Abode, dwelling. J>^
Station, position, rank. a)jj**
II remove far (from ojj
evil), preserve from con-
tamination ; ace. and 'an, re-
move (anyone) far from (any-
thing evil).
j
Bound, rebound. Ijj
GLOSSARY
II*
Throat. j^*J p.j*-JjM*J-
Collective, J*J J**-> -
We.
II . .a .;.*, cough
from one's chest, hem and
haw.
II remove, take ^a*J
away.
Direction.
Towards.
Grammar. j-* ;)t
Grammarian. ^4^
Side, quarter, region. d*-U
V choose the best ^)***J
of (anything).
Palm-tree. J^j
Pride, sense S^aLJ ^ciLJ
of honour.
Scar, w>ju . ijjJ w>ju
Rare, exquisite. >>U jjJ
Rarity or dis- ji'>* ?* Splj
tinction (of style), witty say-
ing, anecdote.
Napkin, J*> jll* J jJ
handkerchief, kerchief for
tying round the neck, sash.
III call out, cry, call ^jJ
to (anyone).
Bring forth (young) ; ~>
help (a she-camel) to do so;
passive, bring forth (young):
IV produce.
Product, result.
Scatter.
That which is written in ji*
prose.
Be or become v****-'
noble.
More or
most valiant.
I
M
Molar tooth.
Name of a district olr^
in South Arabia.
X ask (anyone) to J^J
fulfil (a promise).
Star.
Be saved, escape : U*J
III converse secretly with :
IV save.
Secret conversation, lV^
' confidence, intimacy.
One who shares 4*aJt
the secrets of another, con-
fidant.
Term (of ^.a> j y*^
life), vow.
nv
GLOSSARY
Flocks.
E
ju
property, wealth, money.
Water. *U d^-o
Race-course. O '****
II discern, dis- J-m
criminate,
'ila, turn aside to, ^Jto
incline towards : X seek to
win the favour of (anyone).
Mile. J^
More or most inclined.
Speak falsely, lie. <jlo
Skilful
S^- Ch-
management, administration.
Wild cow (a ^^o . 51^
species of antelope).
Die : IV cause to die. OU
Death. *^y*3 O^e
Dead.
Dead.
Collective, waves.
Moses.
V>**
>*
Date-wine.
| see ^-Jt.
,U
X make (water) gush JxJ
forth ; Jig., produce a fluent
discourse.
Rise, spring up. -J
Collective, s y*j ^J*}
arrows.
II exhort : IV rouse 4*3
from sleep, awaken : VIII
rise from sleep, awake.
Celebrity, renown. aaLj
Of a sword, have the L3
edge turned, become blunt.
One who looks after j^J0
date-palms or vines, gardener.
Calamity. ^ U 3
i. *
Be far ; become re- ^0
mote from (anyone), depart
from.
II inform.
News, tidings.
U
plot -. Lj
Prophet. *UJl ^. ^j
Prophetic calling or office. 5^J
IV cause (a plant)
to grow.
GLOSSARY
m
Kingdom, empire.
Slave.
Who?
J *>
He, she, or they who, one ^>-
who, those who, whoever, if
anyone.
Of, from, out of, by, on ^j**
the part of; after a com-
parative, than.
'ala, bestow a favour ^c
on, spare the life of.
Death, fate. 0*~
Double ace, give (any- p.jJo 5
thing) to (anyone).
Since.
Hinder, prohibit; **U
double ace
or ace. and min,
withhold
(anything) from
(anyone) :
V defend one's
self, be inaccessible : VIII
min or 'an
, refrain from, re-
fuse to.
V desire
Desire.
Death, fate.
UL-o 9- **io
Dowry.
Wilderness, 1
rast <*-ov*
desert.
Hate (on ac-
count of
action).
Mecca.
an abominable
J
Stay, remain
wait.
IV be possible ; ace, ^jSlo
be possible for (anyone).
Be or become weary JL
of, be disgusted with.
Weariness, tedium. iJ*%o
Religion.
Fill ; double ace. or *%c
ace. and min, fill with.
dJU
Witticism, bon mot.
Elegant, graceful.
IV become poor. J>JU
Possess, be or become dJULo
king, rule.
King. J^Ut^ J^JU - ^JUU
Property, possessions.
r^
Kingdom, empire,
sovereignty.
The followers of ilaijl
Malik ibn 'Anas.
\u
GLOSSARY
The side of *JL~ *
the temple, the part of the
head between the ear and the
eyebrow.
IV enter on the <--
time of evening, become.
Go, walk : III tJL* i*Z~*
walk with (anyone).
Egypt.
J
Province, district, jlcuol -.
Name of a tribe. j*a*
Go, pass.
LT~
Decision, energy.
Past.
^^jLo
>.- >-
Rain.
Rain-cloud.
Ace. of person and JJx*
bi, keep (anyone) waiting for
(payment of a debt) defer
payment of a debt to (any-
one).
Beast of b
riding
With.
urden, animal for
Together.
bi or 'ala, pass by: X j^
of a rope, become tightly
twisted ; Jig., become firm or
fixed.
Rope ;fig., determination, jjj-c
resolution.
Ml W J
Belonging to the tribe of ij
Murrah.
Man. vl<i lw*U '- two
A^'J >'J **
(with the article SlJ^JI) Sl^et
Woman, wife.
Wholesome.
Manliness.
Persian governor,
satrap.
Sick, diseased.
Mary.
What is
OVJLT*
uJ*
^> >
mixed with wine, blend, ad-
mixture.
Jest, speak
V
n2
pleasantly or agreeably.
V be torn to pieces, ej-c
II tear to pieces : V J>j*c
be torn to shreds : of a repu-
tation, be fiercely attacked.
Wipe, brush, stroke. ^..o
GLOSSARY
MP
Lion. w*J
Is not.
bi, be suitable for
Night. JJ
A night. JU >.
II colour : V change ^j^i
in appearance.
'ala, turn towards, ^^J
pay attention to.
Would that ! y~Jj
Trial,
persecution, inquisition.
Lengthen, make long. ju>
Hi J
Space of time, period. Sjl*
Lengthened, bearing ,>>x*4
the sign maddaH.
Praise. . j*c
Panegyric, encomium. ^jju
Panegyrist.
City.
Medina.
.u.
o**"
Belonging to al Mada'in ^j\ j*o
(Ctesiphon).
Term, limit, ^Jj*o ijue
utmost range.
Adulterated, JJJ^ JJJl
insincere.
Not. U
What? U
What, whatever, that which, U
if anything, as long as, as far
as.
it.
As, just as. ^1 1no^>3 ^<&
" i5U
A hundred.
Care, aj^cj Soya ,jU
trouble.
When, whenever.
VIII obey, comply JJl
with.
Ji.
Likeness, the like, the
same, one like, like.
Proverb. J\\ ^ jli
Bladder. &UU ^
II glorify, magnify :
IV make noble.
Inf. of ^11.
But.
GLOSSARY
Unable to ^\ O&
express one's self, stammering.
With jussive, not. j
When ; with jussive, UJ
not yet.
IV bi, approach. ^*J
VIII seek, procure. ^^J
A re-
c^e
markable or characteristic
trait.
With subjunctive, not. ^
Flame. w^) w-^J
'an, be diverted from, lyj
neglect.
Play, idle amusement. ^)
Plaything, tfSt ^ ^^ic
amusement.
if. oi^V
Even though, even. $)j
0,
If not, were there not, *^J
were it not for.
Shine : II indicate
briefly.
Blame, reproach.
A reproach. 2lc^
t. A. III.
Philologists.
VIII 'ala, become
joined to, be accessible to.
VIII turn one's self CJi)
(in a certain direction), turn
round.
Word, ex- isuU JsuU
pression, diction.
II patch together. JUJ
IV find. yU
II ace. and bi, call
(anyone) by the nickname
of...
By-name, surname, nick- wJiJ
name.
Mouth- ^a) -y
ful.
II cause to under- ^i3
stand, instruct, inform.
Meet, confront, meet .JU
with, experience : II dictate,
suggest, inspire: III meet,
meet with, suffer : IV throw,
throw down, set down ; ace.
and 'ila, commit or hand over
(anything) to (anyone): VI
meet in combat, encounter :
VIII meet; bi or ma'a, en-
gage in combat with.
GLOSSARY
Flesh.
>o*^ <***>
Mispronounce UaL) ^>aJ
(a vowel).
Ol *
Sound, melody. ^jUJt *. jj.J
Beard. i u oJ ^a*J
Beside, near, since. ,j jJ
From, from the time of. <jjJ jj^-o
Beside, at, in. ^J^
Cleave to, adhere to, j^ji
be incumbent on.
Tongue. jjUJ >~J
Bobber, ^^cJ . ^ftfJ
brigand.
II make elegant,
refine.
Subtle, delicate.
Elative of J^JfaJ. ^LJI
VIII of waves, dash ^^JaJ
against one another.
Play. Uij LJ ^*J
A game. <L*J
Perhaps. JjO
^
Curse. ,jjd
Language, idiom, AxJ ^*J
lexicography, philology, ety-
mology.
I
see i/jt.
III agree with, be in j^
accord with.
Meanness, avarice. ^
Mean, miserly, ignoble. ^S
see 1; ,j*s)j &$
ot J
In telligence, ^J ^^J
understanding.
The part of the body just j
below the throat; plural, the
upper part of the breast.
Delay. ^J
J
Put on (clothes), ll
clothe one's self with.
Clothing, dress, article of ^U
clothing.
Passive, bi, fall pros- itJ
trate on the ground.
Milk-camel . ,j^J ,j. J
Bit, bridle. ^UJ ^J
- x j
Belonging to the tribe i^t^
of Lujaim.
Overtake; bi, rejoin, J^J
reach : IV ace. of person and
bi, cause (anyone) to attain
to (anything).
n 1
GLOSSARY
With following imp/., > l^
be on the point of, be almost . . . ;
preceded by negative, not be
near, be far from ....
J JO*
Name of a city on Aj^jt
the Euphrates.
She- camel ll3^ -Jtjr*
with a large hump.
Be, exist. O^s O^*
Place where one is, \j\SL*
place, position.
Brand, cauterise. ^3^
Strive, struggle. *\s
He died painfully, <w-U *\s
sutfered in dying.
How I <SJ=>
Quality. *t*tr=>
Be or become com- J-*
plete, be perfect.
Completeness, perfection. JL^3
Perfect. aJU> *. J^l>
Elative of J*l>. J*J=>\
Conceal one's self, t > ^
lie in ambush : IV place in
ambush, conceal.
i , ,
Side, outlying district.
Ace. and bi, call L5^
(anyone) by a name of honour:
II give a name of honour to
(anyone).
Name of honour ^*& f- a*.^
(when a person is called
"father of so-and-so," either
a son or a daughter).
Li of command. ^)$ ^J
Not, no. *$
A poem in which I is Awc*^
the rhyme-letter.
Name of a ji***J\ a~*})
celebrated poem.
Yerily, surely. J
To, belonging to, Jj J
referring to, due to, for, for
the use of, because of, on
account of, for the sake of.
Why?
That, in order that.
j
Whenever, as often as. WJ
- *
By no means. *$&
Guard, watch. ^Ss
T E
Dog.
Belonging to the tribe l**^
of Kalb.
Belonging to the tribe ^*^^
of Kilab.
Distressing, -Jl ^Xss
afflicting.
II speak to, address : ^*)&
V speak, discourse ; bi, pro-
fess (a doctrine).
Speech, oral statement, >Ol
discourse, words (of alter-
cation).
Scholastic theology. j*y&\
Word, expression, phrase. X+Afe
Scholastic theologian. jjSSJk
GLOSSARY | \
Suppressing anger. jm^"*
Ankle- v .*> y* f"
bone.
The Ka'bah, the temple ij*t
at Mecca.
How much ?, how ^^
long 1
A round cap 2l** jo+2*
or bonnet of the kind called
J 0, *
5 $ mi X i
to * t
Collective, S U.& l^
truffles.
'an, hold back from, \jfi^
restrain from.
Palm of the hand, hand. *Jkr>
VI be equal to one U^
another.
Disbelieve (in God), j*z
be ungrateful.
* j
Infidelity. j*>
Nourish, maintain, ^U^
take care of.
Be sufficient, suffice, <*
be enough for, do (anything
for anyone), take charge of
(an affair); double ace, be
sufficient for (anyone) against
(anything), do (anything) in
anyone's stead, relieve (any-
one) of (anything).
Competence. ajU^
3U> . ^?l>
Competent,
capable.
All, every, each, the ^)s
whole.
M
GLOSSARY
Honour, respect, favour. 2lc\j^
Elative of j^j^s. j*j&\
J , J ^
Noble action j*j\SLt> - ILcjSLc
or quality.
Dislike : IV ace. of o^s
person and 'ala, force (any-
one) to do (anything that is
disliked).
J t> -
Dislike, unwilling- 6^3 dj
ness, repugnance.
Partridge.
Drowsiness, \^^s ^j*
light sleep.
Acquire. ^>A
Sweep.
To
Chosroes.
Eclipse JjMf> ULfb
(of the sun or moon).
Double ace., clothe L~z
(anyone) in a garment, pre-
sent a garment to (anyone).
Garment, robe. ^~ 5* 5j ...>
Garment, robe. pU^
Become gloomy ( with^kg^
suppressed anger).
is S.
or numerous, multiply: Xmin,
procure a large quantity of
(anything).
Abundance, multitude. Sjl?
Much, abundant, j.Jt3
numerous.
Elative of jjs.
VIII treat (the Ja>^r> -
eyelid) with antimony.
Antimony. J^*-^
Toil, labour, exert *-**
one's self.
see 13. \jjL
Lie, speak falsely, u **
tell lies j tell a lie to (any-
one) : IV show to be false,
convict of falsehood.
Falsehood. w>J^>
see JU3
**JUJ^>
Chair. ^j> ^^
II honour, respect, j>j^
hold in high esteem, show
honour to : IV same meaning.
Nobility, generosity. J*j^
A vine. <Loja
Noble, of j*\ja * joij=>
generous nature.
GLOSSARY (aa
Measure. ju3
Analogy. ^tJi ^^J
Belonging to the tribe ^-J
of Qais.
<**
Female superintendent, 4^*5
governess.
Resident. j***
Be or become strong ; ^^5
'ala, be strong enough for,
have strength to endure.
Strength. Sy>
II shackle, fetter, 3 13
restrict.
of the Byzantine Emperors).
Sleep at midday. J15
Slave-girl, Su5 ^>*3
singing-girl.
J
Write; bi, give w>
written orders for (anything
to be done): III of a master ',
contract with a slave to set
him free on payment of a
certain sum.
j j
Like, as.
J
Writing, w*^3
book, letter.
The Book, the Koran.
.Ufll
see jjl. Uj^^ O^
see U. o' U^J U^
Camphor. ^^
Ml" "
Cover (of a <Lo w-;>
dish).
Grow big. j-j
Pride. jJ-=>
Body of troops, squadron ~Ib
of cavalry.
Writer, scribe, clerk. w*Jl
Shoulder, oLi Uttfc
Become much or jJJ
abundant, be numerous, be
widely spread : II make much
Great, old, grown up,
adult, advanced in age.
Great, noble. jj\&
Flalive of J++&; plural, j*&\
jj^sA, elders, dignitaries,
grandees.
I AV
GLOSSARY
Leader, guide.
J^15
Bow. ^^3
V of an assembly, u&3*
break up, disperse.
Cluck. 1^3*3 \*3*
Say, speak, think ; li, J 15
name, call ; bi, profess belief
in (a doctrine).
Saying, Jo W J J l V ,e J* 5
speech.
Saying, anything djlioj JU*a
to say, speech, discourse.
Stand, stand up, UL5 j*\3
rise ; 'ila, rise and go to ; 'an,
rise and depart from : IV
make to stand, cause to rise,
straighten, make upright, in-
stitute, establish, set up,
maintain, draw up, arrange,
remain, continue, stay (in a
place) : X hold one's self up-
right, be rightly constituted,
be correct (in metre).
People, folk, j\^5\ ^. j^^S
kinsfolk, party, some.
Resurrection. a*W$
Hilt; of poetry, correct ^>\3
(in metre).
Well.
V hang (a sword) jJi
upon one's self.
Collar, necklace, ju^ *. 5^5
Key. juJlio -*- ztyLcj jJJLc
Young she- u^3^ u^
camel.
Remove, extract, tear JL5
out.
Moon.
J.+9 j+S
Game of hazard, gambling. j\+5
V clothe one's self ^a^S
in a shirt.
Shirt. u****
j
Calamitous. j^Ui j.k^.3
Curb, subdue. *.+3
bi, be content with : *;3
II veil.
VIII get for one's self, ^3
acquire.
Lance; subterranean SL3
channel or conduit.
Wine. S^i ^i
Food. O^S Oyi
Lead: IV min, give ^15
retaliation upon (anyone who
has killed another).
GLOSSARY
IA1
A kind of demon. w>P**
Cut, cut off, reduce *Ja3
to silence, annul;
'ala, way-
lay (anyone); 'ala
of person
and ace, interrupt (the speech
of anyone).
Pieces, fragments.
ouUU
Sit, sit down : II
cause to sit, seat.
0*
I/)west depth a$
JLS
bottom.
>**
0*
Desert. jU5 *- jJ3-
>5
Jump, spring.
jJ*
5^ j
Rhymed. ^5**-* -
3 A3
Be little, be scarce,
#
be few.
Seldom.
S*
U5
Smallness.
as
*
Little, small, few.
J*x
Elative of JJL5.
I A
Turn, turn inside out ^JLS
(a garment), turn over, ex-
amine closely (anything for
sale): II same meaning with
intensive force.
Heart, mind. *->* ? v-^
Short, brief. jUo5 <>- j~o$
Shortened, not bearing jyaJLo
the sign maddah.
J JO *0*
The part of a mosque 3jy&jL }\
(screened off from the rest of
the building) in which the
Caliph conducted public wor-
ship.
X set forth ex- yc3
haustively.
Distant or out- \jo\ p- <L-dl3
lying part (of a people).
* at
Farther, farthest. \j*s\
VIII burst forth, wmo$
appear suddenly.
Devour. j*e&
Ordain, decide, ILaS ,*a3
perform, fulfil, pay (a debt):
VIII demand, require.
Destiny. e\Jx>
Judge, cadi. ^15
n
That which is demanded, ^ys.lk<
requirement, exigency.
With preceding Jai mU
negative, never.
Collect, congregate. yifcl
All together. iJsli
I AC
GLOSSARY
Divide; ace. and 'ala, ^~J
divide (anything) among (a
number of persons).
Portion. ^o~i
Oath. jrJs
year of drought or famine.
V be squalid, mortify outS
one's self, practise austerities.
ut
Story, tale, 4*aS ^omoS
affair.
Intend, direct one's juoS
course to (anyone) ; 'ila, go
towards, betake one's self to,
direct one's attention to.
Intention, direction,
right way.
Ode.
Purpose.
Aim, object.
dJU-A3
Shorten, make short; j*c&
ace. and ala, restrict or con-
fine (anything) to (anything) :
II fall short; 'an, fall short
of, be unable to reach : IV
'an, desist from.
J J *
Castle, citadel. jya3 *. j*c3
Relationship, affinity, <Mj3
relation.
Elative of^+jji. *->*'
e*
A white mark a.j.5
on the forehead of H horse,
blaze.
j
Collective, ticks, }\j3 }j$
insects which cling to camels.
s J
Name of the ^^3 cAH*
Prophet's tribe.
Belonging to Quraish. ^ji
Knock at (a door), cj3
strike, smite : III come to
blows with, engage in combat
with.
Inf. of cj.9 III, combat, clji
battle.
Champion. sljj*
Nourish (a child) j^^5
badly, make lean, emaciate.
oi o
One ijtjil > Oj* Oj- 5
who is the match of anyone,
peer, adversary.
Companion, associate. CHj*
Village. *jj5 jji
Entertain as a jj^i ^j3
guest.
GLOSSARY
IaP
Ancient.
Front part.
The ancients.
Obscenity,
abuse.
licjS
J3 JS
Obscene, abusive. cJJ> jS
Throw, assail with J JJ>
calumnies, slander.
Be or become tjij l^i j3
cold : IV bi, make cool, re-
fresh : X be settled, subsist,
abide.
Coolness, that which cools 2j3
or refreshes (the eye).
Read, read aloud. \j3
Reading, recitation. 5e\j3
The Koran. ^TjjUl
ZO J J J
Be near : II bring [jji w>ji
near, make easy (to under-
stand) : VI be or become near
to one another.
j
A good work or act of charity
(by which one seeks Divine
favour).
Relationship. ls?J*
Near. *-*ij*
IjJ ^ ^j3
J>9
c
Arrow.
'ala, be able to (ac- jj3
complish anything).
Dignity, nobility of j*x$j jj3
character, estimation.
Those who hold the AjjjJUl
doctrine of free-will {jj3).
Power. 6jj3
Powerful; 'ala, able to jj>j3
(accomplish anything).
Size, quantity, proportion, j I,
Hold back, curb, ejJ> -
restrain.
Be old or ancient. j*j3 -
Come, come to ; 'ala, jij3
come to : II bring forward,
put in front, award precedence
to, appoint : V go before, pre-
cede, march at the head of,
advance; ace. and 'ila, be
before (anyone) in (doing any-
thing).
Foot. j*\j3\ p~ j*j3
Past time, antiquity.
tit
Straight forward. UjJ
Having no beginning in ^jj3
time, eternal.
\*r
GLOSSARY
Spice, perfume.
4
In, into, among, on,
with, concerning, not with
standing, for the sake of.
Return. U -
IV double ace. j bestow j^s
(anything) on (anyone).
Elephant. J-J
u3
OS*
III compete with
(anyone).
IV recover from a
swoon.
Above, over.
Poverty.
Milk that JmjUI
collects in the udder between
two milkings.
OS*
5313
approach ; with following
imp/. , begin to.
0*0 vj/
Before. J*s ,j..9 J*3
Tribe, family. J5li p ilJ
Roman balance. oW*
IV be or become poor. jJ3
Kill, slay; passive, *^JU5 JJ3-
'an, be killed in defence of
(anyone): III fight with.
"" '
Slain, a slain ^i^ * ^^5
man.
Slayer. 2JU3 *. JJU
Particle preceding the j3
perfect and denoting priority
in time ; with following imp/.,
sometimes.
Pitch, tar. jlS
Astronomical table. 0>>^
Make abominable : ^J
X think bad, abominate.
OJ
Evil, foulness. -*3
Bad, foul, abominable.
p ~ w<i
Grave, tomb. j*3 j*3
j
J " * *
Cemetery. jj\suo * Sj^Lo
Take, seize; 'ala, lay ^au3
hands on, take hold of; 'an,
take away from, remove from.
w *
4*Jsu3 Ja^5
A piece of Egyptian linen.
Receive, accept, *n)^J J^5
admit of: II kiss: IV ad-
vance, set out (in a certain
direction) ; 'ala, go towards,
GLOSSARY
|aT
Notch, blunt. J>3
A garment O^JLi C*Ji
so small that the two edges
do not meet when it is wrapped
round the body.
Have a wide
lO! &
space between one's teeth.
IV attain happiness, ..Jli
prosper.
Philosophy, natural
science.
jftif ^XJS JJ3
Celestial sphere, heaven.
Such and <&%i j* O*^
such a one, so and so.
ei-
Perish, pass away
Mouth.
V7
IV make to vanish, bring to
an end.
'an, understand (a j^s
person who speaks to one) :
IV make to understand.
Understanding, intelli-
gence.
VI be different from Oy
one another.
A mouse.
j*<*
IjU j^|
bi, obtain, get.
ju
li, perceive, ,jJLd j ,jii
understand.
Intelligence.
Do, act. jii
How does he do ?, how Jjji U
is he?
Oe-
Act, action, deed. JUit . Jji
Action, conduct. JUi
IV fill with delight, ^ai
II put out the eye of Ui
(anyone).
Inf. qflii II.
Lose.
VIII open.
Poverty.
tjL&5 jJLi
*
J**
Mouth of a subterranean j-Ji
conduit.
" " * *
Poor ; a dervish i\jAS *. j+*i
or religious mendicant.
Knowledge, aii <xii
knowledge of the law, juris-
prudence.
i 09 JO
Name of a book. iiJUl aaj
j -
Lawyer, jurist. ilyii *- aJLj
f i, reflect upon, con- jXi
sider : II same meaning.
|A|
GLOSSARY
Correct and elegant in p-i-o*
speech.
Correctness and ele- i.Lai
gance in speech.
Elative of p-~ai. ^as\
Place of J~asu> J^ai
juncture or articulation, joint.
VIII be exposed, be .,oi
put to shame.
Be super- ^as 3 JJs*
fluous; 'an, be superfluous
for, be more than is required
for: II regard as superior or
pre-eminent, make superior
(to others) : V do a kindness,
oblige (anyone by doing any-
thing).
Merit, excellence, eru- ^JJas
dition, superiority, excess,
superfluity.
Excellence. aJL^s
Excellent. J*oli
J i J , oi
Elative of y)*b\3. J..0UI -. J-ail
II give breakfast to jJai
(anyone) : IV break one's
fast, breakfast.
Weaning. ^olks voJai
V branch off, be
derived.
>
j j *
Branch, what is cjji -. cji
derivative or secondary.
- j *
Pharaoh. <Ufttji *. Oz^j*
Idle.
ti
min, be afraid of.
Separate, divide,
Is-
make a division: II make a
division, divide into portions,
distribute : III take leave of,
depart from : VIII become
separated, part.
"
Separation, difference. Jjji
Sect. Jjji . 4.5ji
Party. Sij*
Place where the hair is jJ/*-
parted, crown of the head.
Seller of furs. *lji j^i
VIII invent (a false- ^ji
hood).
Annul, dissolve. f~~s
Become evil, de-
teriorate, become spoilt : IV
make bad, do badly, spoil,
corrupt.
Speak correctly and -**&$
elegantly.
GLOSSARY
|A
Boast; 'ala, 1j
boast against, glory over ; bi,
boast of, glory in : III con-
tend for glory with (anyone),
vaunt one's self against (any-
one).
Glory, pride.
Splendid.
Ransom.
Flee.
Mi
A young bird. -ji f-jS
VII be alone, be >ji
solitary; bi, be or become
alone in or with (anything),
have (anything) as an ex-
clusive possession or as a
unique distinction.
Horse, mare, ^ji ^ji
J OJ
Horse- ^j^j 0^~*s* * urJ^
man, knight, cavalier, cham-
pion.
Persia.
Persian.
A Persian sword.
V5J U
'ala, make obligatory ^ji
upon, lay as a charge upon.
IV exceed due measure, bji
exaggerate.
Victory, conquest. f->3 ^ -J3
An opening.
Key. z
Elicit, discover. J^i
Bold, intrepid. JUti *iJUi-
Discord, civil
O*
war, rebellion, mutiny, perse-
cution.
IV explain a question ^li
of law, give legal advice.
Young oW*f3 *** 7r \^J**
man, youth, warrior, cham-
pion.
Young.
III overtake suddenly, UJ-
v?
come suddenly upon.
m J
Suddenly, unexpectedly. S*l*i
Dawn, day- ja*Jjs*j
break.
Plural, lies. j*-U* <*. Zj*-**
Stallion, stallion camel, a poet
of the first rank.
IV reduce to silence
Unable to make poetry.
M
GLOSSARY
J**
V change in ap-
pearance, assume different
forms.
Ghoul. O^** ?r Jl*
Err, go astray. {5*"
Goal, distance.
Be absent.
Send down rain
4jU
upon ; passive, be rained upon.
II change for the j*s.
worse, cause to deteriorate :
V be changed for the worse ;
of a countenance, become dis-
composed.
".
With following genitive, j*s>
other than, except.
With- j* s^&s jJz 0-*3 J"****}
< * * +
out.
Jealousy. Sj^c
Anger, irritate, offend : il
VIII become angry.
VIII avail one's self ^s.
of (an opportunity) : X re-
gard as spoil, seize for one's
self.
Collective, sheep or goats, ^xt
bi, be content ,-l ^.ii.
with: II sing, sing to (any-
one); bi, sing (verses).
Wealth, riches. ^j^
Sufficiency, power to de- *L
fend one's self.
Singing.
Rich. iL^f
>t
Song.
U
Singer.
IV make a raid
J*
commit a kind of plagiarism
called oj\c.\ ; 'ala, make an
attack on (anyone).
*
Low land. j$>
Goodomen. JUj Jli JU
Open, open a way
r*
for (anyone): X open, seek
to open.
Then, and, so, for; with <J
subjunctive, so that, in order
that, lest.
Heart.
>& Jli
m2
GLOSSARY
| VA
Heedlessness, forgetful- 2JJ
ness.
Overcome, vanquish; wJLt
'ala, overcome, surpass, pre-
vail over, become predominant
over; of a name, 'ala, be
generally applied to (anyone);
ace. of person and 'ala, de-
prive (anyone) of (anything)
by force, take by force from.
Preponderating, most, wJU
most part, generality.
J *
Lock.
Boy, youth, slave.
Distance of a bow-shot.
Make sorrowful, ^s.
grieve : VIII be or become
sorrowful.
Ml '
Grief. ^
Overwhelm (with j+s.
benefits).
Plunge, mix (any- v****
thing in anything).
IV passive, 'ala, lt**
swoon.
VIII plant (a tree), ^ji-
Shoot (of a tree) planted ^jb-
in the ground, set.
Butt, mark, ^aji- u^j-^
target.
Debtor.
Debt,
^ *
IV ace. and bi, incite y*k
(anyone) against (anyone).
Gazelle. J \js. Jj^
3 j* IjS.
Make a raid
against.
Passive, 'ala, faint, t*^
swoon.
IV bi, choke (any- ^ag
one) with (anything).
Oi- J
Branch, bough, twig.
Be angry : IV
anger, enrage.
Big, stout.
Forgive; li, forgive jte.
(a person) : X ask pardon of
(God).
IV neglect. Jis
I vv
GLOSSARY
Family, household. JLs
II distinguish, ^s.
specify : III see with one's
own eyes.
j at j j o *
Eye, evil Cxf-h Ost* - O-t*
eye, source (of water), spring.
The beams or disc Lr > .>tjt ^*.
of the sun.
Plural of &*>, eminent ^L^t
persons, leading men.
Wild ass.
A
:c
.1
J^ >**
camel of a reddish-white
colour.
Jesus. L5~^
^/>V
Become alive, live.
Life.
x
Poverty, aJLp J-
want.
A morning cloud. jt^ *. j>1
Deceive. j
An inexperienced youth, jjji.
An inexperienced \j. *- ?j!j
S irL
Bright, white ; j *. 2lj ^ jt
plural, bright clouds.
V be remote or t>
absent (from society).
Strange, extraordinary, w<oj
unfamiliar, far from one's
native country, stranger,
foreigner.
,
Place of setting.
Admirable.
T. A. III.
Dust. jU *
Ace. of person Jx j ia*
and bi, regard (anyone) with
a wish to be in the like con-
dition, deem (anyone) happy
on account of.
Act treacherously : jj&
III leave behind, leave.
Go in the morning; tj^
bi and 'ila, bring (anything
or anyone) to (anyone) in the
morning : V take the morning
meal, breakfast.
Morrow, to-morrow. j^iJIj j
Early morning. Sljk
This morning. StjdtJt
GLOSSARY
ivl
III ace. of person u^f*
and bi and bi, give (any-
thing) to (anyone) in exchange
for (anything).
Year. j\c j*$c>
III help : IV same ^j^s>
meaning : X ask help ; bi,
seek help of; 'ala, seek help
against.
Help; proper name ^j^s.
masculine.
A mare that has foaled Ol**
more than once ; of war,
repeated, renewed.
One who assists well or ol**-
often, a good helper.
Bane, taint, aaU. o^s.
disease.
Be unable to ex- Cs> ._
press one's meaning.
A disease difficult to cure. *Lp
Find fault with; 'ala ^U
of per sort and ace., blame
(anyone) for (anything).
Cause wobec jbcj w^bu
of reproach, disgrace.
Of a riderless horse, jU
stray at random.
Disgrace, shame. U
Difficulty, trouble, fatigue. *Lfc
bi, being occupied with, AjUs
devotion to (anything).
. $ $ *
Meaning, idea. <jU*& - L 5-^*-
Make a covenant, j^
promise.
What is familiar or well jl^
known, ordinary fashion ; bi,
meeting with, acquaintance
with, knowledge of.
Be crooked or lo^t p^z
uneven.
Return, visit (a sick }\&
person) : IV repeat.
Piece of wood, twig, lute. >j
J JO'
Aloes- wood. j^xll
Custom, habit, jol^t *. SjU
bi, take refuge with : U
II protect (anyone) by means
of a charm or amulet.
X ask the loan of, j^c
borrow, use the rhetorical
figure called SjUlwl (meta-
phor).
Blind of one eye; j^z . j^c\
fig., obscure.
I vc
GLOSSARY
X use, make use of, put into
practice for one's self, practise.
o
Action, work, JU^' * J-o>
province, territory under a
governor.
Agent, adminis- JU-fc p c^ ^
trator, governor, collector
(of taxes).
<
Amalek.
II blind. ^
Inf. of ^ II.
^
From, away from, on ^j-
the authority of, concerning.
At, beside, with, in
'
the presence of, at the
of, in the opinion of.
time
From.
3
Origin,
stock
original
J J
Neck.
JUp i>i
Inscription 0'>^ 3**
(on the back or outside of a
book), address (of a letter).
Comprehend, include ; j^c
Mean ; concern,
ace. and bi, do (anything) in
common to (anyone), do (any-
thing) to the whole of (a
community).
Uncle on the father's side. ^
Turban. ^5U^ ^ *UU^
Common people, the
whole (of anything).
'ila, betake one's self j^
aU
to, repair to: VIII bi, sup-
port one's self by, lean upon ;
ace. and li, have recourse to
(anyone) for (anything).
Pillar, column. ^^t r s>
J
That on which one relies, 5 x^_c.
stay, support.
Name of a book. Sj^oJtJI
Keep in good Sjl^c j^s-
repair.
" J
Life. j^c^ j^
J * *
By the life of... (a form j^xi
of oath) .
Dark. ^U^ u~*^
* * it
A man u^-o^l u-*-^
whose eyes water, blear-eyed.
Make, construct ; J"*
belong to (anyone's business);
cause to grieve, distress ;
passive, bi, be occupied with. | 'ala, resolve upon (anything):
GLOSSARY
Elative of^Sic-.
Openness, * j *$jz O-^
publicity.
Openly, publicly. iJ^bOt ^3
J
Be high, come over, %>
overspread ; bi, exalt : II
raise high, exalt : IV same
meaning : VI exalt one's self,
be exalted.
Over, upon, incumbent ,-U.
upon, on the ground or con-
dition of, in the state of, not-
withstanding, concerning, for,
at, by, towards, to, against,
in accordance with, on account
of, by means of.
On what ground ? on
what account ?
J*U
Eminence, nobility.
l
The descendants of
'ali b. Abi Talib.
High, lofty.
JU
t
Higher, highest ; JUI
higher part or region
Eminence, an JU-o *. S'^bLo
action or enterprise by which
eminence is acquired.
see ^jJlc.
Ill strive to obtain JU
(anything).
One who *J*$s. sJUU.
sells fodder.
Be enamoured of JUfr
(anyone) : II hang, suspend j
min, learn from (anyone).
A thong on which any- 23*^
thing is suspended.
A Mu'allaqdh, one of iftjjcc
the seven (so called) ' Sus-
pended Poems.'
Know j bi, have j^&
knowledge of, be acquainted
with : II teach ; double ace,
teach (anything) to (anyone) :
IV ace. and bi, acquaint (any-
one) with (anything): V learn.
Knowledge, science. ^Xc
In grammar, a proper ^e.
name.
Sign, badge, mark of <Lo*$-
distinction.
Scholar, doctor ; l\+\* *- ^JU
bi, having knowledge of.
Oblique case, created O**^
beings.
I vr
GLOSSARY
fix (one's eyes) on (anything) :
III make a covenant or al-
liance with (anyone) : VIII
believe firmly, make up one's
mind, determine.
Contract, covenant. jjlc-
Hamstring, hock, jSlz
slaughter (a camel).
Of a dog , wounding, biting, j^is-
Hocked, hamstrung; a S^as
man of high rank who is slain.
Understand, be in- JJLs
telligent; bind (a camel) by
fastening its fore-shank to its
arm : VIII bind (a camel) by
fastening its fore-shank to its
arm : of a ride?-, put (a spear)
between one's shank and one's
stirrup.
J J 0,
Understanding, J^it r>- ^j*
intelligence.
Intellectual.
Intelligent,
reasonable.
j, at
Elative of JiU. Ji^t
Cause, excuse, aJLc JJLc
pretext, sickness, malady.
Sick, ill
Gift, bounty; proper t Uxc
name masculine.
Gift.
bUa*
9* A*JS
Become great ; 'an, ^kc
become too great for : II
magnify, honour, venerate.
*
Bone. j^os.
Great, mighty, venerable. ^**i&
Elative of^ios-. jtt&&\
Main or principal part
(of anything).
iUct
rjE
OtxAfc UUf
Chaste, decorous, free from in-
decency, virtuous.
Elative of Uuaz. *Jls.\
III of God, render $&c
secure from harm, grant im-
munity to : X min, ask to be
excused from (undertaking
anything difficult), ask per-
mission to retire from (an
office).
tjUU -*- wAic wsAf
Eagle.
.z
Tie, knot, conclude
(a treaty), make a compact,
convene (an assembly); bi,
GLOSSARY
ivr
Assembly, jJ^buo -
community, family.
Love. Jm^*
Evening.
Twist, coil, wind : wmop
V li, be attached to, be a
zealous partisan of.
Party spirit, patriotism. L..a&
2 . ^
Squeeze, press. \j*a j*ac-
*
Time, age, epoch ; after- j*as-
noon, afternoon prayer.
m j * *
Staff, i*-^ j*- ^** ^-A
Disobey. \ k S AC '
J
Limb. ^ot ^of
Perfume. jJac jJat
The planet ijUat ^jJatt
Mercury.
X seek the regard
of, conciliate.
Side, flank.
II divest, deprive. J^
Unoccupied, desolate. JJsuuo
IV give; double ace, $s.
Oi
give (anything) to (anyone).
Powerful
mighty, Sj*t j^j^
honoured, esteemed.
Elative of JjJ-z.
Remove from office, Jje.
depose : V separate one's self
from, quit, retire: VIII same
meaning.
Rationalism. JL^^'
J * JO*
Name of a sect, the JjJJuJI
Rationalists.
Resolution,
decision.
II console ; ace.
> ->>
L$>*
and 'ak, console (anyone) for
or for the loss of.
Patience (in bereavement). tSjc
4
Inf. of {}& II, con- <SJ-*J
solation.
Difficult.
It is possible, it may >*->
be.
Ten. ZjJlc jo j*Lc j-lp
s JO
Twenty. UJj-~*
A she camel ^jS^jJls- w~o l\jJ^
that is ten months pregnant.
Kinsfolk. 5>JLt
|v|
GLOSSARY
to, attack, expose one's self
to: VIII inspect, examine.
O
Honour, u a\jje-\ ^ u^j^
reputation.
Prosody.
j *0io j o
Prosodists. u3j*^\ vJ***
Know, recognise, ^j*
acknowledge ; passive, bi, be
known by the surname of....
Knowledge. tejs**
In a mystical sense, 4ijjt*JI
the knowledge of God, gnosis.
Well known ; benefit, ^h^ysuo
obligation, kindness.
Root. Jj^C Ji^c-
Sweat. Ji^c
J 0,
Name of a province (the iJtjJtJt
ancient Babylonia).
JO J
Hock- V^j* **}*
tendon (of a camel).
VIII come upon, $y.
befall.
, a * o
XII \Jj3j*\, ride (a ^^
horse) without a saddle.
Be mighty. }>
m
Power, honour, glory. js>
Excuse, apology, ex-
culpation.
Excuse, apology.
J
J ' ^ o *
Excuse, apology, j^l** . 5jS**o
Blame, censure. JJ^
Mange (a disease jjt jjjc-
of camels).
IV inflect or decline w>
(a word) by means of the
final vowels.
The Arabs. *r>*"
Diminutive of w>jjiJI. wojjJt
Of pure Arabian breed, tcij*
Arabian, Arabic.
The Arabic language. a-o/*JI
Arab of the desert, i^b^'
Bedouin.
II turn aside.
C
Lame.
Wife.
p-i
yj'jS' sj***
o j j e j
Wedding, ^n'j^t - r>j*3 u^J*
wedding-feast.
li, occur to, present joj*
itself to: II speak equivocally,
hint; bi or li, make an allusion
to: III compete with, rival,
imitate : V li, show one's self
GLOSSARY
|v
Number, quantity.
'js.
State of preparation or djs-
equipment.
Be equal to, be a Jj^
match for : II determine the
position of (a star).
6 x
Justice. Jjs>
Non- j> * jjLe ji j^
existent.
Run ; pass away from, lj^
pass out of; 'ala, run at, rush
upon : V pass beyond the
bounds (of what is right),
transgress.
x x
Transition (of disease \S* J ^ G '
from one thing to another),
infection.
J * J * si +3*
5lj^3 \JJ^3 * ,J ^ 1 3**
Enemy.
Enmity, hostility. Sjlj^
Attacking, seizing Aj^U ^j^U
by force.
x
Sweet w> js. w> js-
(water).
Punishment. wjIJ^
Excuse: VIII excuse jjs.
one's self; 'ila, excuse one's
self to (anyone); min, excuse
one's self for (anything).
Elative of w ; a..c . w-o-gi
Be incapable, weak, j*>~
powerless : IV disable, in-
capacitate, render (anyone)
incapable of imitating ; of
the Kordn, be inimitable.
J X J X
Old woman. >5U^ ?r jy*~
Hasten, make haste; ^J**^
bi, bring quickly : II ace. and
li, give (anything) promptly
to (anyone) ; double ace, give
(anything) to (anyone) in ad-
vance or before payment is
due : V receive in advance.
Present, transient. J>-^
Collective, ^*- j^f^
barbarians, foreigners, non-
Arabs.
W XX
A foreigner, one who ^.^c
is not an Arab.
j i a j j - o i
Bar- ^^efc-Ulj ^jl^*fc^ >^l
barian, foreigner.
Reckon, account : js-
IV make ready, prepare,
make preparations : VIII be
numbered or reckoned.
Number, large number.
yj^
Ill
GLOSSARY
Suspected.
sL>~^
Appear, become Ij^it y^
manifest : IV make manifest,
show, bring forward, exhibit,
proclaim: X 'ala, gain an
advantage over.
Back. j\ 3 J>v J i j
JO t , *
In the midst of us. iJ^^t ^-o
Midday, noon. j^o
Exterior, material part ; jaU?
evident, manifest, obvious.
Elative o/jAU*. y^i>\
Conquer, gain the j*So
victory : IV ace. and bi, cause
(anyone) to gain (an object
of desire).
Pass the day, con- JJ?
tinue, become.
Shadow. Jjj
Do wrong, injure, j^o
treat unjustly.
Wrong, injury. ^Ux* *. t+JUiU
Think, suppose ; U J>Jt
ace. and bi of person, think
(anything) of (anyone).
IV emancipate (a Jt
slave).
A noble horse. JjUt *-
Generosity. d5\Zz
Belonging to .^ &>*
the tribe of 'atik.
Wonder, be w*->.e
astonished: IV astonish, fill
with admiration, please : V
be astonished.
Wonder, admiration. wa C
Wonderful, marvellous. w^s^e
Worship.
Slave, J^^3 >^ 7r
servant, worshipper.
Worship, devotion.
Devotee.
^
jolt
II explain, give an j+c
explanation or interpretation.
Expression, explanation. SjUc
III reprove, re- *-***
proach : X ask a favour of.
,0 , J
Used as an inf., asking k^+tCLmA
favour (of God).
GLOSSARY
Ma
Fold, roll up ; 'an, ^y>
cause (anything) to disappear
from (anyone),withdraw (any-
thing) from (anyone).
Be good, pleasant, w^lb
delicious ; be pleased, be
willing: IV make good.
Perfume.
Good.
Elative of*.
Fly (of a bird): V jU*
draw an evil augury.
His name flew, he
attained high renown.
Collective, birds.
Bird.
4*0_>l jU
Augury.
A kind of light OljLb
boat.
Of an arrow, miss ^Ib
the mark.
Substance.
0$
J^t
IV obey: V bi, do e^b
(anything) without being
obliged to, volunteer : X be
able to (do or obtain any-
thing).
*
Obedient, submissive, c^b
willing.
Obedience, submission. asX^
bi or haula, go round, olk>
circumambulate : IV bi, walk
or go round.
Party, community, some. iiSlb
IV be able to do or Jj^b
bear (anything).
j
Be long, last long : JU
II be tedious: III double ace,
do (anything) with (anyone)
for a long time : IV prolong,
continue : V confer a favour.
Length, tallness. J^L
Long, tall. Jt^fe . Jj^L
Elegant, graceful,
*X>jk
ingenious, witty.
Elative of *Xtj^o.
J,0 t
J>1
Gazelle, beautiful youth.
X find or deem (any- *Jj>
one) to be Uujte (see below).
Mv
GLOSSARY
Relics of an encampment.
Seek.
VIII 'ala, look upon JLb
(anything) from above.
Ardent in desire, lustful ixJLL
(used only in the feminine).
Star. fJU*
Place of rising. -Ua-o
IV set free, give J>lb
liberally ; ace. and li, give
(money) to (anyone).
Loosed, unbound.
Eloquent.
Open-handed,
liberal.
Divorce.
Ml lO JO*
, *S*3 J *
jJj^XJI Jib
Elative of JiXb.
Neck. 'sjULvj
Hi J
Fill up, choke. ^Jt
IV oULl , bi, settle ^jK+b
down in (a place).
Ml , 3
Quiet, peaceful. < jJL Jau*
Efface, obliterate, w-*^
Susceptible to emotion, w^jji
Throw; ace. and 'ala, 9-jb
teach (a song) to (anyone).
VIII drive away. 3ji>
Banished, outcast. J^>k
Side. OjJt tJ>j-b
. J
Newly acquired, recent. vJjJ
* 6 j
A silk garment of square _ijJ-uo
cut with coloured borders.
IV cast down one's JijJ^
eyes, become silent.
Way, Ol5ji_5 Jjji . Jj^U
road, path, course, practice
or rule of a religious order.
J X
A sudden 3^5^ ?? *5)U
visitation or assault.
Eat, partake of food : ^als
IV give food to, entertain (at
a meal) ; double ace. , give (any-
one anything) to eat.
Food, repast. 3U*il -.-^bcb
Thrust, give U*L ^>*L -
(anyone) a thrust; 'ala, attack
(anyone's reputation), cen-
sure : III exchange thrusts
(in fighting) with (anyone).
/w/o/^jj* III. O 1 *^
GLOSSARY
Ml
Be or make one's
self responsible for (anything).
Guaranteed.
bi, cling to (any-
thing that is highly esteemed),
have a great affection for.
Radiance. *L- \$*c
Hurt, injure. jl.o
IV 'ila, annex to, 01-.0
put in juxtaposition to.
Guest; also wJ^j-o ^
used collectively, guests.
Annexation.
S
In relation to, in .Jl iiL^lj
comparison with.
Be ^a**^ \*+*o JJl-o
narrow.
Treat unjustly,
injure.
J*\*G
The part (of a wJjlcu* .
sword) with which onestrikes,
edge.
II dye red. prj^
Be weak; 'an, be
too weak for, be incapable of :
II make weak, weaken, regard
as weak : III double.
Rancour,
violent hatred.
A J3"*"^ jJua jsua
plaited lock of hair.
Hi
Err, lose one's way. J*
Cause of aberration, any-
thing that misleads.
Collect, draw together, ^o
press, clasp : VII be contract-
ed; 'ala, enclose, conceal.
IV train (a horse for
racing).
Soft hair. jh jjk
Be moved, be *-r>k
thrilled with delight: IV
till with emotion, thrill with
delight.
Emotion, agitation, joy. w>^
Physician. w***k-
Nature. -J a Js
Naturally gifted.
IV shut, close.
Dish.
no
GLOSSARY
Keep, preserve. U.o ^jt-o
Cry, cry out, l.Uo p-Lo
shout, crow.
Chase, hunt, capture ,>lo
(a wild animal).
Prey, quarry.
Become, come to be ; jLo
li or 'ila, come to, come into
the possession of : II cause to
become, make (anything) to
be.
A warlike 5.A5L
1_ A a. O
expedition made in summer.
Wool.
Sufi, Muhammadan
mystic.
Collective, Sufis.
\J*
Sufiism.
Collective, the iiyeS3\
aspirants to Sufiism.
bi, spring upon, JLo
attack.
Fury, impetuosity.
Abstain from U^-o j>\*o
food, fast.
*
Hurt, injure. j*o |
Need, necessity. h3j*
Strike, beat, bj-o wj-^
mould, coin (a proverb): III
exchange blows with (any-
one).
000 * + *
He drew lots w-tj^iJU *->o
with the arrows.
j j ,
Kind, sort. *r>3j-*> *p *r>j*0
A blow. AJj-^
Inf. o/w>oIII. w>Lr^>
Striking hard or often, w>^-o
smiting.
VI shrink, become J to
contracted (through fear),
cower.
Manage, manage well,
control.
House- i**^ <U~ O-f^
hold, dependents, retainers.
Be distressed, com-
plain.
Laugh, grin : IV
make to laugh,excite laughter.
IV enter upon the
morning.
GLOSSARY
MP
Be silent.
Cell of a aju>$
monk.
Cold.
ALo
e
>U
Do, make, prepare : -^o
VIII benefit, treat kindly.
Art, manufacture.
Handicraft, trade, art,
manufacture.
Workman, craftsman.
II compose (a book).
Sort, kind. ^J^a ^
A literary Aki*A* re-
work or composition.
Wine. *Wv- yy
IV hit, smite, attack, w>3-o
overtake, attain, obtain.
What is right, what is w^-o
correct or true ; a right action.
Calamity, misfortune. 4 i;;i .ao
, of -
Voice, Ot^-^t -j- O3-0
sound, air, song.
V to be formed, to j}*a
appear (in a certain shape).
Form, shape. jya ->. Zjye
V clothe one's self ^5*0
in a woollen garment, seek to
become a $uf i.
Plate (of pJU* m
gold), tombstone, sword.
Whistle : II same jJua
meaning : IX become yellow.
A kind of serpent. jJLo
Name of a village }**g
on the Euphrates.
Be pure, be lic U-^
sincere: VIII choose.
Pure. sJ\<o
Polish. Jio
II crucify.
Back-bone, loins.
Be good, be suitable : *JLe -
IV make prosperous, put to
rights, correct, amend, im-
prove.
Welfare, prosperity. *-^Lo
Good, pious.
A-
Elative of -Jlo
*&+ * o * * j it
II pray ; bi, lead in 3^.0
prayer
Prayer,
blessing.
VIII endure the l$^
heat of (a fire).
; 'ala, bless.
M
GLOSSARY
'an, turn away \j*o \Jj*o
from, cause to refrain from :
V bi, bring (a change) to
pass ; f i, be versed in, occupy
one's self with : VII turn
away, depart.
Change, vicissitude. 0>jo
Cut, sever : V be cut j*j+o
off, depart, pass away.
Ill encounter
Side of a
A sharp sword.
j>j\*o
The re-
\Jr L$r*
mainder of milk in the udders
of a she-camel.
Be difficult or steep, w-*.o
Ascend, go up into : j>x*a
IV lead (anyone) up into.
Highland, upland.
Upper Egypt. j*a.
Small. j* i c jsuo
} * i
Elative of j*>ko. jJl*o\
mountain, oyster-shell.
Tell the truth : II J Jlo -^
bi, believe in : V bi of thing
and 'ala of person, bestow
(anything) as alms upon (any-
one).
Truth, sincerity.
>l5jU0
ASJ^O
A gift to the
poor, alms.
Veracious, sincere, stead- JjV
fast.
Friend.
p'i^-ot ->. tSi^
VI strike against
one another, collide
A bird
^J~o \^J^>
that was believed by the
pagan Arabs to come forth
from the skull of a dead man,
wraith {also used collectively).
Rank, w5*io ->. ^&*a *^ai_
.. C . . . bhriek, screech,
row, line, line 01 battle.
Porch, veranda. iLi Thr wn &?-&*-
V look carefully Uc down, prostrate.
into (anything), examine p lace where J y^ ^
attentively. slaughtered men lie on the
Side. Avio I ground, battle-field.
l2
GLOSSARY
\^r
building), establish (anyone'
fame).
II escort, accompany. *-
Disfigure, disgrace. ^j\>
Exerting one's self in *JU
combat, a resolute fighter.
-
Old man, elder, chief. iJt>
IV raise high (a
<j
sociate, author (of a book or
poem), lord, master.
j
Book, Qto..^ u o ija^ g
volume.
j
The Koran. Ub*dt+I1
Hall, court. $* ***
Become sober, re- l^-o
cover from intoxication.
Collective,
rocks.
A rock.
The sacred Rock at
Jerusalem.
J
3
Turn bjjuej ljuo juo
away, drive away ; 'an, turn
away from, forsake, neglect.
X J
Return. jj*a
Breast, portion, first part, jjuo
beginning.
Having a disease of the j^juclc
chest.
Sabian.
a*u-ri<
IV enter upon the
r*
time of morning, become.
Be or become \t+*& *+o -
patient; 'ala, bear patiently,
endure.
t ,
Finger.
-** ~*
Boy, page. '
Correctness, ^c -. o
truth, soundness, integrity
True, correct, genuine, wk.
sound.
Elative of -*-+.
Accompany, asso-
ciate with.
Companionship.
9- A*-l.O >0 w*J*9
Coin- w'.a .oj ajU^^o^
panion, friend, adherent, as-
Ml
GLOSSARY
VIII desire ve-
hemently.
*r*
Strong liking, Ot^y ^ S^w
eager desire, lust, passion.
Mix, mingle. w>l
IV make a sign, j$2i
signify, use the rhetorical
figure called ojlwt (a species
of metonymy) ; 'ila of person
and bi, make a sign to (any-
one) with (anything), indicate
one's meaning to (anyone) by
pointing to (anything).
Gesture. SjUM
VIII 'ila, long for, J^,
feel a desire for.
Collective, thorns, i)j
prickles.
Wish, will.
Thing, some- 2Lt
thing, anything.
Whiteness w~ w
of the hair.
Belonging to the tribe
of Shaiban.
Whiteness of the hair.
Ill exert one's self
in combat.
Cautious, wary.
vi
m t ; .. >
;l^w
A cc. and 'ila, complain liw
to (anyone) of (anything):
V complain, lament : VIII
complain of or suffer from
(an illness).
Rejoice at 5jl
another's misfortune.
Sun.
^~.<f~j
Grey-haired.
VIII wrap or cover J^S
one's self (as with a garment).
,
A garment in which a aX+Z
man wraps himself.
II l ala, speak evil of, -l>
abuse : X regard as unseemly.
Testify ; be present j^.>
at; li, bear witness in favour
of.
Example (of a word or jlaU
phrase) giving evidence as to
its correct usage.
Make known ; ace. j^tt
of person and bi, make (any-
one) known or notorious for
(anything) : VIII become
well known.
Month
More or most celebrated. *,!
?r it**
Well known, ^-JbU *. JUr**
celebrated.
T. A. III.
GLOSSARY
P
VI bi, be occupied ^Jjti*
with; 'an, be diverted from:
VIII bi, be occupied with.
The AjOiiUJI ai
followers of al Shati'i.
Cure, satisfy (a ^ii
desire).
Medicine, remedy. *U
Split, rend, cleave: U& Jii
VII be split; ofdaivn, break,
appear : VIII derive (one
word from another).
U~>
Side, region.
Piece of cloth.
Misery. cliLw ^iw
Doubt. JjJL J&a
Thank, be grateful. j&
O J
Thanks, thanksgiving, j>
gratitude.
More or most grateful. j>l
IV be doubtful, be JS
obscure.
Form, figure, what is Jw
suitable to anyone, case,
situation.
Chess. 9-jjJbJij
c
^ * o * x
Be or O-^--^ l>^
behave like a devil.
^
Devil, satan. O^*-*
Scattered , c Ui slx>
dispersed.
Beams (of the sun), clxw
sparkling brightness (of wine).
w>Uw -
Water-course, ravine.
Name of a party who d-oja-UI
contended that the Arabs
were not superior to the non-
Arabs.
Collective, hair. jtw *&
Poetry, poem.
Poet.
More or most poetical, jji^l
a better poet, the best poet.
A follower of S^fclwl . ^jjtwl
Abu '1 Hasan al 'Ash'ari.
'ala, stir up mischief woL>
against (anyone), intrigue
against (anyone).
Smite; passive, bi, ou
be deeply in love with (any-
one).
M
GLOSSARY
Lower ^yajii oLjj
end of the rib or cartilage
attached to the rib.
Condition.
Ill approach : IV o^-w
ascend, climb; be on the point
of death; 'ala, look upon
(anything) from above, get a
view of (anything).
Eminence, nobility. *Jj.Z>
of.
Lofty, exalted, \ m 9\^t/\ ^ o*J/
eminent, noble.
Elative of kJujJ*. wi^i!
Ill be a partner with )j>
(anyone), have a share with
(anyone) : IV attribute a
partner to God, be an idolater;
ace. and bi, make (anything)
a partner with (God).
Idolatry, polytheism. ^)j>
oi **
Collective, snares ^)\j.t/\ *. )jJ*
(for catching birds or wild
animals).
,, J
Shared in common. Ajj7*,
Sell: VIII buy. l jfck
Be far distant. hJj
Half, half of jkZ jJ*
a verse, hemistich.
Ill regard with
enmity, bear a grudge against.
Of an eye, become
fixed, gaze intently : IV make
(anyone) go (from one place
to another), send.
Of. -
Person, ^U~il *. i>aa ft
figure, apparition.
Tie, bind fast. j
Be hard, be grievous : jlw
VIII become vehement or
violent.
Violence, vehemence, ojlw
intensity.
*m t
Hard, grievous, lljwt . jujui
violent, intense, strong, great,
brave.
Elative of ju jew .
Eloquent. JJjwl
,Jjw-
Evil, mischief; yti
j^w-
worse, worst.
s: J
Drink. bj^ w>w
Drink.
wM^W
A great drinker.
Expla nation, -^>
commentary.
- C j--
GLOSSARY
I CA
Go, become current jL>
or generally known.
Way of acting, j-w *- Sj-w
conduct, history, story.
Current, generally known. jjLi
A company of travellers. SjLw
Sword.
Flow, pour.
JL,
stand firm, assume a firm or
erect position, settle one's
self ; of a verse, be correct (in
respect of metre).
Except, besides, other
than.
Gift, bounty, ***** ww
benefit.
A she-camel left to
pasture at will.
"Wander from place J
to place as a devotee.
l>-
aJL,
u-*
Likeness; with following a*
genitive, anything which re-
sembles, like.
Separate, Cw C*Jw
diverse.
Revile, abuse. LqJw ^^i*
Winter. 5y& yi
Collective,
trees.
A tree.
Brave, a 9V^-i ?* r*
brave man.
Elalive of c\*fj*. ** 1
A sheep or she-goat. Slw
Syria. ^UJt ^b
Unlucky. j*
U
Affair, busi- ^l <jU>
ness.
Youth, w> lw w^w
early manhood.
Youth, youthfulness. i**-w
Young man, wlw - w>l>
youth.
II compare, use the aui
rhetorical figure called
(simile); bi, compare (any-
thing) to : IV resemble.
I CV
GLOSSARY
1 1 make (anyone)
>5~*
chief : IX become black or
dark.
Black clothes or robes ; *\$~>
central or main part (of a
people), collective body.
Blaster, lord, chief. juw
Black. lhy-> J> >$~>\
A large serpent. jjLM *- *$~>\
orni,
grub.
^*~*-
JL;
***->
Whip, stroke of a whip, lash.
Hour, moment, little Aslw
while.
f i, of wine, flow easily cL
and pleasantly into (the
throat) ; of eloquence, delight
(the ear).
j
Drive. Jjlw
j
Market. JJ^w
III offer (anything) jiy*
for sale, mentioning the price ;
double ace, demand (a certain
price) of (anyone).
II make equal, {***
equalise: III be equal to;
make level : VIII stand even,
Tooth, age.
7f *****
Ordinance, insti-
tution, tradition.
The custom of the
Prophet, the Apostolic tra
ditions, the orthodox creed.
Spear-head.
At- .>Uwl
testation, authority support-
ing a tradition.
j>\x~i j^
Hump of a
camel.
Year.
uy^
iz
<ju~>
II make easy (the .-w
accomplishment of anything).
Be easy or smooth ; J^w
'ala, be or become easy or
agreeable to (anyone).
Arrow. ^l^ ^^^j^^
Vex, grieve, displease : *L>
IV do evil.
Badness, evil.
Evil disposition, evil.
Bad.
-
A sort of *.\
hood or shawl.
-
GLOSSARY
I ol
Moslem; proper name
masculine.
-4cc. or 'an, t^JL> ^)L
forget, be consoled for the
loss of.
J
Forgetfulness, con- <J\$X~j
solation; name of a kind of
bead.
Ill comply with 'T-+*
(anyone's) desire, be in-
dulgent towards (anyone).
Place where j^~> j+~j
people meet for conversation
by night.
Brown,
tawny.
Necklace.
i\
'j-o ' *A j**~>
I
Rank or row (of people). Jslo~>
Hear; bi, hear ULh a*~>
of or about : IV make to
hear : VIII hear, listen,
listen to.
Sense of hearing. ---
II name. ^~>
Heaven. Ol
Name.
IV become advanced ^
in age.
The early Moslems. oiJLJI
Choice wine; fig., pure ^^L^
and unforced eloquence.
Go along (a road); dUU
bi o/* person and ace, cause
(anyone) to go (a certain way),
make (anyone) follow (a
certain course of action).
Way, path. il)LJ *. J&J+
Be safe, be unhurt : ^JL>
II save, deliver; pronounce
the formula of salutation;
'ala, bestow peace on, grant
welfare to, salute : IV become
a Moslem.
Peace, salutation. jf$*~i
Sound, healthy. ^m^~>
Safe, sound, free from ^^
harm; proper name masculine.
Belonging to the tribe ro-L-'
of Sulaim.
J 0* J
Solomon. <jlo-JL>
Belonging to the tribe ^JLI
of 'Aslam.
Islam. ^'Njlll
Belonging to the period .-^|L#|
of Islam (as opposed to that
of Paganism).
I CO
GLOSSARY
Be silent ; 'an, Uyw
refrain from speaking to (any-
one).
O J
Drunkenness. j-> j~*
Drunken, intoxicated. ^\j~>
Become quiet, dwell ,jw
in, inhabit; 'ila, become at
rest by trusting (anyone), rely
upon (anyone) so as to have
no fear.
Lowly, ^L~e ?- ^>-jX-**o
wretched, destitute.
VIII draw (a sword). JJL
Drawing (a sword). ilw
Seed. aJ'nU
VIII carry off (as wJL>
spoil), appropriate.
Arms, p-*}-** JLw
weapons.
J
(Jw^JL* . 3ULJU ^J*JL>
Chain.
II 'ala, make (any- JaJLw
one) prevail over, give (any-
one) dominion over.
Authority, ruling
power, government.
Preceding ^ijLw Ud~t
generations.
Happiness, prosperity. obu*
IV kindle, make to jjlw
blaze.
Cough.
Run, strive; bi,
j*.
yj"
carry (anything) about with
one's self.
Of a woman, \j$sut jJu/
remove the veil (from her
face), unveil : III journey,
travel.
Journey. jJut
J
A skin which serves ojJu*
both as a bag for carrying
food and as a table-cloth.
Traveller.
iliw
e ^y
Ship.
Foolish, <juaw
ignorant.
Fall : IV make to
fall, depose, omit.
Contemptible, worthless,
Illness, ^o-*5^iLw
sickness.
JaiU
Give drink to.
GLOSSARY
UP
Stop up, close up. ju*
Ml Hi
Six. dCLt JS C-w ^ JLW
IV obtain, acquire; ^ju*- -
'ila, confer (a favour) on.
Ml
Gladden, please. j~>-
Secret, secrecy.
Gladness, joy.
Joy.
Joy.
Ml J
J"
J J
^J^ J~*
Saddle.
Lamp. ?r\j~*
* * ,
Send, despatch. Itwlj^ -j-w
Quick, swift, jujj-w pj~i
prompt.
J , M
Elative of %ij~* . &j~j I
Steal. i3j~*
Generous, noble, chief.
Trou sers. J^j \j~t J^>
IV make happy, help, jou-
aid.
Proper name masculine ;
name of a tribe.
Happy, fortunate; proper
name masculine.
Way, right J-m-w J > ^ w
way, means of access.
Make prisoner of war, ,*-*>
carry off as a captive.
see ^jurf.
Cover, protect : VIII jZ~i
conceal one's self.
Prostrate one's self,
bow to the ground.
Mosque.
An iron collar.
Imprison.
Prison.
Gaoler. oW-~ '
Drag (a garment) w- ,>
on the ground.
Place where a garment w-a.
is dragged on the ground.
V eat or drink at
dawn.
Magic, enchantment.
II subdue, subject,
humiliate.
Be liberal.
Generosity.
lar
GLOSSARY
l)i<l against one another for
(anything that is to be sold) :
VIII increase : X ask for
more.
A leathern water-skin. o'j-a
Adorn, decorate,
o!i
grace : II same meaning.
Ornament, adornment. &JJ
More or most comely.
Cessation, departure, JljJ
decline.
Put away, turn aside, ^^j
remove.
Increase, add, Z$ bj .> \j
give more to (anyone) ; double
ace. or ace. of person and f i,
give more (of anything) to
(anyone); 'ala, exceed, go be-
yond, do more than: VI fi,
Seventy. ^^jtw
Long, ample. ijL> i^
J J J
long coat of mail.
Precede, outstrip, J^
win a race, defeat (anyone)
in a race ; 'ila, be the first to
reach, invent ; ace. of person
and 'ila, arrive at (anything)
before (anyone), anticipate
(anyone) in (anything): III
ace. of person and 'ila, vie
with (anyone) in (anything).
Victory in a race. Jiw
Former. J^w^-^ 4JuL>^ J^Lj
Foremost. ^J\
Particles de-
*0*
j3U
noting futurity and followed
by the imperfect.
see fj->w. 91^
Remainder,
rest, all.
Ask, beg alms of ; double ace,
ask (anything) of (anyone).
Aversion, SlcLj voL
disgust, loathing.
Cause. w*i' w*u>
Index finger, forefinger. jL~>
(I de- aA31 ^jla*^> g.y
clare) the glory of God, glory
to God!
Seven. 4jl*w^
Xaw 5t^ i
GLOSSARY
ur
Time, epoch. >*j ^cj
Time. 0^*J
Zone, girdle. jUj
Fornication. Uj^ .Jj .Jj
f i, abstain from, re- jdkj
nounce, avoid, have no desire
for.
e j
Asceticism.
Abstinence, asceticism. oUj
Ascetic.
jUj
. JcA
Lute. jAt^-o *- jAj-o ^Aj
II give (anyone) in --jJ
marriage (to a woman).
Husband.
Z ij
Wife.
*WJ
Visit : II em-
bellish.
Lie, falsehood. jjj
Visitor. jl^j p y\j
Move, be in motion. Jlj
Cease; with preceding Jtj
negative, not ceae to, con-
tinue, be always : IV remove.
Provisions fora journey. >tj-
A kind of *->jV*j p- *r>y>) -
ship.
^W-J *~J
A piece or sheet of *-^-i
glass.
March: VI assemble. Ut**j
J J '
Army. ^5-} -**J
VIII push against ^*.j
one another, crowd.
Inf. of^j VIII, j*m*j\
crowding, cramming.
Of the sea, full, j*tj j-j
rising high.
SOW. Cjjj
VIII esteem lightly, ^jj
Assert, deem, think, ^cj
Spokesman, chieftain. j^j
Screech, scream. \5j
Alms, poor- 3lJ ^=>J
rate.
An arrow ^Ojjt ^^j jjj
used for divination.
Name of a well at J>}*j
Mecca.
icl
GLOSSARY
IV wish, desire, in- ^j
tend, mean ; ace. of person
and 'ala, try to induce (any-
one) to do (anything).
* 6* J
Gently !, wait a little. I jujj
Train, dis- <^c^ij ub
cipline, school.
Please, gladden. clj
Pleasing, beautiful. 5lj
Please, charm, delight. JJIj
j i .
The Romans, the J>$\
Greeks of the Byzantine
empire.
Relate, recite, 2u^j ^$j
hand down by tradition,
transmit: Ildouble ace, make.
or teach (anyone) to know by
heart or recite (poetry, etc.).
Of herbage, be \5)
luxuriant, flourish ; fig., be
fresh or brilliant.
Disquiet, make doubt-
ful or suspicious.
Cause or occasion for
*!>
dUjj
suspicion.
Feathers, plumage.
Prime (of
youth).
Ninth
^jttfUOj u* 3 **)
month of the Moslem year
(the month of fasting).
j
Look at, watch. JUj
Sand, sandy ^J-*j J*c;
tract.
2 0* ^
Throw, shoot (an K+aj i ^ej
arrow) at; ace. of person and
bi,pelt or assail (anyone) with :
VIII throw one's self for-
ward; bi, of a camel, speed
(anyone) along.
Hare.
V warble, coo.
Fear.
wJjl
<UA)
Christian monk. ^jUAj *. w^ktj
' O 3
Sword. ajjbj^c \Jdbj
VI lay a wager ^jAj
with one another.
Stake, wager. O^J
Spirit. g^gg
Wind, scent, fragrance. m^jj
Palm of the hand; <Ulj
pleasure, ease, auiet.
A fragrarl
herb.
Cheerfulness, gaiety.
1
GLOSSARY
!o
li or 'ala, take pity on. Jij
Look for. wJj
II JJjip, shine, Jijij
glisten.
Letter, note, a*5) aSj
petition.
V rise, mount, .Jlj
ascend : YIII same meaning.
Ride, mount (upon w^J
a horse or camel) : II set one
part of a thing upon another,
compose ; 'ala, set (words) to
(music) : VIII commit (a sin).
1 ,
Animal for riding. ^^Ssy*
Fix in the ground.
A genu-
%
flexion or bowing in prayer.
A leathern 5^j ^j
water- vessel or small bucket.
An old piece of 2uj ^cj
rope.
Nickname of a poet i^Jjt ^
of the Umaiyad period.
Weight (of a steel- iiUJ
yard), Roman balance.
Spear.
z ~> c rJ
Keep, guard, aj^j ijj
observe: III watch, observe.
Pasture, pasturage. lA-
II ace. and f i, make w*j
(anyone) desire (anything).
Desire, hope. -7
at
A )! *. ^wLij v_ai.j
cake of bread.
III regard as an ^tj
enemy, treat despitefully.
Helping with Z>\ij jjj
a gift, contribution.
to* *
Raise, lift, exalt, \xij ij
remove, do away with ; ace.
and'ila, bring (anyone) before
(anyone), make known or
communicate (anything) to
(anyone): VIII become rais-
ed, rise, mount.
He traced the wojiaJl *ij
tradition back (to the Prophet,
by mentioning in ascending
order the names of those
persons who had transmitted
it).
Lofty, exalted. %+jj
Trail (a skirt), sway Ji>
the body in walking, walk
with a haughty gait.
u^
Message, messenger,
apostle.
Treatise, dis- J^^j ** aJ^j
course.
Firm, un- .-; y^j
moved, steadfast.
Elative of ^*wj.
Sweat.
Orthodox.
GLOSSARY
lt"J
I
. A .A
Harun al-Rashid.
jpi
Suck. -oj 3 .^>;
Be pleased, be con- -)
tent; 'an, be pleased with,
be content with, approve ;
ace. and \i, regard as fit for,
consider satisfactory in view
of: IV make content, satisfy.
Approval, acqui- Liyj i<*j
escence.
Moisture. 2u^j wJ^J
1
jj>j-jjj
Pound, pint, a vessel containing
a pint, pint-stoup.
Speak a 2jl.b) ^bj
foreign language.
IX t^^jt, abstain ^p>
from evil, repent.
.ji\
fr
Have mercy on.
Relationship.
The Compassionate
(God).
The Merciful (God).
Turn aside, repel, jg
refuse, restore, give back,
bring back, send back, recall ;
'ala, give back to, rebut (an
argument) by way of answer
to: II repeat; ace. and 'ala,
repeat (anything) to (anyone):
VIII turn back, apostatise :
X ask (anyone) to return.
Bad, defective. e^j}}j bj
Rampart.
Outer garment *bj ^}j
(of a man).
Provide with the Jjjj
means of life, feed ; double
ace., bestow (anything) on
(anyone), bless (anyone) with
(anything).
Sustenance provided by Jjjj;
God, means of livelihood.
IV send, send as an J**j
apostle, send a message, let
go, start (a horse) for a race.
*
GLOSSARY
I Pa
Four hundred.
Forty.
II rear or bring up
(a child) : IV 'ala, exceed.
Inf. of }jj II. Z+jjj
Jl
Rank, degree, grade of honour.
Name of a tree ^jj ^jj
(a species of broom),
li, lament for. ,-jj
Filth, a foul ^-^.j u*^J
action.
Return : III U$.j a.j
return to.
Name of a place.
Place of return.
*"
jw-
VIII speak (poetry) J..j
extempore, extemporise.
Man.
U.. l^..
Foot, leg.
Hope, hope for
VIII hope, hope for, have
confidence in.
VIII depart, set out J^j
(on a journey).
Saddle-camel. J^-'^ ^- aJU-Ij
4, t .
See, hold (as a WL> L$L>
belief or opinion), judge, think
right; double ace, regard (any-
one or anything) as...: IV
double ace, make (anyone) see
(anything), show (anything)
to (anyone) ; passive, think,
believe : VI present one's self
to the sight, appear.
Opinion, judgment, advice. ^\j
Flag, banner. 2o\j
Mirror.
51,
Lord, w>L>;' ?- w>j s^*jj
master, owner.
Many a.
Many a time, often
Scout, watch-
man.
Tie.
Courageous.
3 >
^
Uj\
*****
Elative of Ja-tj.
Stable.
Spring. |^ jj-
Name of a tribe ; proper Sjujj
name masculine.
Four. axjjI ^0 jj
IPv
GLOSSARY
carry off, take away, make
one's own; 'ila, hold a belief
in (anything), maintain the
principle of (anything) : IV
cause to depart ; gild.
U , * ' * +
It passed into a ^)Llo C~fto
proverb.
Gold. wi>
Going, departure. w>U>
J , * *
Way of wJbtjk^ .*.
acting, belief, doctrine.
A gilded poem, one of
the seven Mu'allaqdt or
"Suspended Poems."
He who or that Oti^a
which is in possession of...,
having, possessing.
One day.
Essence.
Skirt,
Fig., wealth,
opulence.
Slaughter (of Sl>3 $>)>
an animal for food or sacrifice).
Acute, sagacious. l"s^^
A horse that has attained to
full age and strength.
* ^- *
Humble, lowly, despicable.
That, this. iub ^ Jbi
juj^
^O
Thus.
Blame : IV find
blameworthy, regard with
disapproval.
m
Covenant, engagement, <Lo
promise of security given to
anyone.
Blamed. ^-0
Crime, sin.
Go, depart, follow w-a3
(a course of action), hold (an
opinion or doctrine) ; bi,
starting-point, chief.
Chief, leader.
Command, authority.
^VU Head,
k2
Belonging to al Raiy ^j\j
(Rhages), the ancient capital
of Persian 'iraq.
W33J g ur
GLOSSARY
in
Belonging to the ij+k)
province of Dailam in northern
Persia.
bi, follow, submit to, ^j\>
obey.
Religion. ^j
0,
Debt. ^.j^
Religious feeling. 36\j>*
Denarius, piece of jUj>
gold; proper name masculine.
Belonging to the ij^i>
town of Dinawar in northern
Persia.
see ij}}. Ol^>
Continue, remain, last. j>\*
II draw up (a diwan). ^j^
Low, inferior. ^j.s
On this side of, in front )!$j
of, below, less than, without,
to the exclusion of.
Register, collection of Ol>^
poetry, diwan.
III cure. ^jj
Remed} r , cure. pIj^
Ink-horn, ink-bottle. Z\^
Silk brocade. 7r^*>>
Cock. **Jlo
to (anyone's) memory, remind, !
exhort, admonish ; double ace.
or ace. and bi, remind (any-
one) of, cause (anyone) to
think of : III talk or confer
with (anyone); double ace.,
call (anything) to mind with
(anyone) : VI discuss with one
another.
Mention, notice, re- J^>
membrance, fame.
Male. jisi
li, retaining (anything) j^^3
in one's memory.
This, that. t j
That. ^h M
Thus, so and so, such \jJs
and such.
see y> . Ot>
Wolf. wJ^O wJi w>k
'an, defend. L>3 w>3
Slaughter, sacrifice. ~~>\\
A shelter. ^'jl ^j j
Frighten, terrify. j-^
Mention, name, re- j^3
member, recount : II recall
IPO
GLOSSARY
cupied by camels or cattle in
the neighbourhood of an en-
campment.
**
13>
Blood. Xc* ?r J*>
Be near ; min,
approach, come nigh to : IV
min, bring near to.
Base, mean. ^J>
World. Q>
& *
The world, the present tojJI
(as opposed to the next) world.
Elative of ^j) , less, least. .J^ t
Time, fortune. jjt>} -
Be bewildered or Jii&} -
stupefied.
Ill act with dis- ^j&* -
simulation or treachery.
Calamity, *t&h }*> -
mischief.
J*>
*b \&
Circle, revolve: Clj^ j\*
IV turn round, roll.
House, J3>3 jljj *
dwelling, abode.
Convent, monastery. jj>
Dynasty, aj^S J 3>
empire.
T. A. III.
Support, 4*eU.> j^Z}
prop.
Call, name, call upon, U.>
incite, invite; li, pray for,
bless; 'ala, pray against, curse;
bi, call for, send for : VI make
claims against one another,
dispute with one another :
VIII claim, assert, make pre-
tensions : X make a pro-
fession of (anything).
Prayer, invocation. *U^
Invitation, summoning. S^.>
Claim, \J 3 \*> 3 3U3 *. \j$)*>
pretension, assertion.
t s ,
U3^ *h
Push, thrust,
repel, rebut, avert; 'ila, give
to, hand over to : III strive
to repel, contend against.
2 0+ *
Bury. Li* ^ij
Crush, shatter, break. J3
'ala, point to, indicate. Jj
'ala, giving a better, or J3I
the best, indication of.
Advance, approach. oU.>
I Viet down (a bucket). 3 )>
Dunghill, ajlo 0~*>
ground which has been oc-
GLOSSARY
IFF
Think, imagine : Jl
II passive, 'ila, be imagined
in (anyone's mind), seem to
(anyone).
Collective, horses. *J*-
Choice, excellent. j
Sew, sew together. Ma.
Tailor. kCL
Play, diversion. >>
Milk, flow of j) jj*
milk ; fig., flow of eloquence.
rtJ
Collective, pearls. ji
Walk, go step by *~j}
step.
A scroll of paper for 9-j j} p*j>
writing, manuscript.
A step (of a p *. 4a.j.>
ladder).
jMj gap g &-*&*
Coat of mail.
Tunic. 4*jp
IV overtake, attain, ,*Jp
reach maturity.
Inf., attaining, being Jp
overtaken.
Drachma, ^fclp ^j^j>
piece of silver.
Know.
lP
David. jjilj
Practise ljl>j Uj w>l,>
assiduously, persevere.
Creep, crawl. wo
Animal for riding 4jl,>
{especially a horse).
Place of crawling, track wjjc*
(of an insect).
Collective, bees, jjj ^>3
hornets.
Collective, al> /?"**"*
hens.
A hen. 4a.lao
Enter j f i, go into, J^3
enter, take part in; 'ala,
come into the presence of
(anyone): IV make to enter;
'ala, bring into the presence
of (anyone); double ace, ad-
mit (anyone) into (a place).
IKT
GLOSSARY
III mingle with,
permeate, infect.
Wine.
Five.
Fifty.
Five hundred.
Be obscure
or forgotten.
Ditch, fosse.
Belonging to
Z 1 i '
J i
\s?r
Khwarizm (Khiva).
< ,
Fear; min, be U^a. o^
afraid of.
More or most afraid. wJ$.l
Maternal uncle. Jl
Betray, be false to. ^jl*.
) , i
More or w**-t w****.
most unsuccessful, unlucky.
V choose: VIII choose, j+.
select, prefer.
Good, prosperity, goodness, j+.
beneficence ; best ; followed
by min, better than.
, *
A good action Otj^A. . Sj*.
or quality.
J t t, I
Best jjU.1 *. j-jJ
iUJU. -ft. AaJU*.
Remain behind :
II leave behind : III disagree
with, contradict, act in op-
position to : V 'an, refrain
from, hesitate to do (any-
thing) : VIII disagree, differ
in opinion.
, - -
Behind, after. JA. ^cj ^aJU.
Office of Khalifan, Ai^jU.
Caliphate.
Khalifah,
Caliph.
Create : IV liil jii. -
wear out, waste.
People, a large number JiJL*.
(of persons) ; shape, outward
form.
Cha- J^.1 p. <J1**3 <>^-
racter, disposition, moral or
mental quality.
j * e-
Smooth. Jl.\
Be or become empty ; %.
of time, be past : II ace. and
li of person, leave (anything)
free or open to (anyone) ; 'an,
leave alone, let go.
With ace., except. ^L. U
Empty place,
solitude.
Die away, jl**. ^ Jh>*
lose strength.
t^U. . 5 J^.
GLOSSARY
i^r
Name of a metre.
Elative of i
Obligation to Sj*. jJl*.
protect (a client), protection.
Be hidden ; 'ala, be ^ia.
concealed from (anyone): IV
conceal : VIII conceal one's
self : X same meaning.
IV bi, be remiss in JJU-
(anything), fail or neglect to
do (anything).
Friend. J-j^-
An anklet worn c )^**-'^-
by women.
II perpetuate, im- jJL.
mortalise.
A 7 III take by ^J^.
stealth, plagiarise.
f * * j
min, be clear lo*^xh.
from (admixture or alloy),
become free from, escape from:
V min, free one's self from.
Mix, mingle: III be
mingled with.
Pull off (clothes) ;
**
Fault, error.
Fault, sin.
Speak in public,
deliver an oration ; ask in
marriage; ace. and 'ila, ask
(a woman) in marriage of
(anyone) : III speak to, ad-
dress.
'ala, bestow a robe of honour
on (anyone).
Oration,
sermon.
Orator, good speaker, y^a*
Oratory, rhetoric. duUaj*.
3 , i
Elative of^Jk>, wJaJ
j
Occur to the mind : ^ia&
IV double ace, cause (any-
thing) to occur to the mind
of (anyone), make (anyone)
think of (anything).
' *
A thought which SjJaji. jJa.
occurs to the mind, a random
thought.
Dignity, worth, j^>-3 jia
eminence.
Step. \ 3 LjL Ua.
Boot. "
Light; 'ala, easy to,
acceptable to.
IFI
Distinguished, [t ^a\^d
elect, special, choicest.
Distinguished or eminent 2Lol.
people.
Especially, in particular. doU-
GLOSSARY
m
Abounding with herbage.
Waist. j-^. j^oft.
Quality. 4JLa. J-o.
Adversary, ^^oi. ^o-oi.
enemy.
Dye, dye Cta- y ^>
(the hair) with henna: VIII
be stained (with blood).
Grove. 2I1
Green.
~ 3 , J ,- i-
The ^j^oj,ojw 3 1
Arabian poets who were born
in the Pre-islamic age but
died after the proclamation
of Islam.
li, become sub- *^&
missive to, stoop to.
Handwriting, i*^. ,
IV miss, fail to hit,
make a mistake, do wrong.
Wrong action, fault. dau
Place of exit, way of
escape.
Sew.
Z^
jr
Bead, small shell. t)j-
Bag, pouch. Quj.*- bj.
II deem (anyone)
to be a dotard.
Tear, rend. Jjj^.
J
Foolishness, stupidity. aSj..
Silk, cloth of Jj>>* f?- >*
silk.
VIII cut off. Jj^
Store up, hoard. OJ***
Store-room, treasury. ijtj^.
Dig a well in stones, ^_ o~
make (a well) give forth
water abundantly.
A well dug in stones. L -if
3 0,
Rejected, J ^ .a> .< J**
despised.
^r
Fear. ij^d
Distinguish, parti-
cularise: VIII bi, be specially
distinguished by, have (any-
thing) as adistinction peculiar
to one's self.
GLOSSARY
IP.
(anything), offer (anything)
to (anyone) as a token of
respect.
Service, obeisance, ^ujui.
homage.
Servant (male jsj>* > ^ol
or female).
Deny help to, desert. JJ^a.
Fall down. *.
A province in ,jL>lj^.
North-eastern Persia, Khor-
asan.
Stealer of camels, w>j^ ***J^
brigand.
Z J J ' J
Come forth, l>jjjfc> Trj^-
go out, go away, depart : IV
cause to depart, let go, bring
out, draw forth, pay out, ex-
pend : X draw forth, extract.
Expense, disbursement. Try*-
Poll-tax paid by non- tt^j^-
Moslems.
Member of ?rj\)> *- ^^.j^.
the sect called Kharijites,
who held that the Caliph must
be elected.
IV be humble, abase c- : a
one's self.
Bad, wicked. A^fc-^
II and IV inform, j+i
acquaint; ace. and bi, inform
(anyone) of (anything): X
ask for information, seek in-
formation about, desire news
of.
i
Story, tradition, jLJ -- j+.
news, information.
Dough, a lump Sj*. j*.
of dough.
Baker, cook. j.
Strike. Uall Jal*.
Become dis- *$*+& sJ~*>
traught, lose one's wits.
, close, bring to ^o^.
an end.
Be ashamed, *^a^. J>^
be confused or embarrassed.
0/ a lion, j>^ J**^
keeping in his lair.
Serve ; ace. of person joj^.
and bi, pay homage to (any-
one) by presenting him with
n
GLOSSARY
one person to another, who
makes himself responsible for
its payment ; letter of credit.
Intestine.
KSS-
Become alive, i<-3 **
live : II salute, greet : IV
bring to life, keep alive : X
be ashamed.
Alive, living;
tribe, clan.
Serpent.
Shame.
Life.
Animal.
Where.
As regards, in
respect to.
Be dazzled, be or
c *r
CM
become bewildered, lose one's
way.
Time.
<J*r
At the time when, when.
Need, business, ?H^- ^ *-^.
what anyone aesires ; bi or
'ila, need of, desire for.
Ill give answer for j^.
answer to (anyone), make
repartees to (anyone).
Disciple (of Jesus).
U?J
YII take fright, flee. ^3*.
VII 'an, retire from ; j$*.
'ila, betake one's self to.
J s iO*
Name ^jo^.^1 -
of a poet.
IV bi, surround, en- J^a.
circle, circumscribe, bring
into a definite compass.
Weave. lib^*. ,*)U-
III seek to obtain J>-
by artifice, scheme, plot.
c
State, condition, Jt^*.! -- Jl*.
circumstance.
* ,
Round, about. J>*-
State, condition. 4jl.
Means of doing or ob-
taining (anything), device.
Transfer of a debt from ajt*.
GLOSSARY
ITa
Become intensely ^
hot.
Prohibit, interdict;
protect, defend.
Protected, defended, lt "*"
scorning injury, one who will
not submit to wrong.
Protection, defence. *iW-
Indignation, sense of ***
honour, tribal jealousy or
fanaticism.
A stallion-camel that is j\**
not ridden and is allowed to
pasture freely.
The followers IbUiLji
of 'Ahmad ibn Hanbal.
Wheat. 4jbu Jsu*.
One who ^j*~j*. oL^
believes in the religion of
Abraham, which Moslems
identify with Islam.
The followers of Abu iliLL)!
Han if ah.
Collective, l**** L5***
bows.
'ila, have need ?r^
Praised, praiseworthy. Ju*.
IX become red. j-o^
Ass. J-?-**- >- jU>*>
Red, reddish. l\j+*- j* >*'
Collective -, the lU+a J I
foreigners, the non-Arabs.
A chick-
AClQ^
-L>*-0^
pea.
Folly, stu-
4iUd.-
Jh^-
pidity.
Carry, carry off,
ji-
of, want.
convey, send (on horseback),
mount (anyone on an animal
for riding) ; 'ala, put a load
upon (anyone): II double ace,
charge (anyone) to carry or
convey (anything) : V take
(a burden) upon one's self :
VIII carry off, sustain, en-
dure.
J J
Plural, camels J^*- j* J**-
carrying howdahs or litters
for women.
Debt for which one aJI.
makes one's self responsible.
That which J^^.^ J-*.
serves to carry (anything).
I ~v
GLOSSARY
Husband. J^-
Place, position, rank. ^J**- c
Milk.
juuui -.
Ally, confederate.
, , -
Ring.
Name of an astro- JiJl&JI Ol^
nomical instrument, armillary
sphere.
Clemency, v0 JU.-^ /0 A.
forbearance, reasonableness.
Be or become sweet, *}JL.
be pleasing.
J
Sweet. }\j>.
J f t
Motive of ^JL. . ^^t
Ornament.
^-
v
Charcoal.
x j
-^^*-
Death, doom.
^u-
A pigeon, a
dove.
<UUa-
Fever.
Praise : II
!j-o^-
J^*>
give praise to (God) : IV find
praiseworthy, regard with
approval.
Worthy ; bi, having a
just right to (anything)
Truth, reality
Elative of
'ala, bear jJia j
malice against (anyone).
Rub, chafe, bruise. ^Jl*-
2 J * J
Decide ; bi, U- ^*-
pronounce, ordain : II ace.
and fi, give (anyone) full
powers in regard to (any-
thing) : IV make firm or solid,
learn thoroughly.
Judgment, ^lJC.t * ^*-
wisdom, law, ordinance, in-
stitution.
Wisdom, moral ^& j* d+&*
discourse or saying.
Sage, philo- iUX- * >tt -
sopher.
Sound, free from defect. ^a~o
Relate. L5^*"
Story, relation. a^**
Be or become lawful : ^J.
X regard as lawful.
Untie, loose ; bi, J..
alight on or at, descend on :
VII become loosed.
GLOSSARY
in
Be present, be at j*a.
hand, be ready; be present
at, attend, come into the
presence of : IV bring, cause
(anyone) to be brought into
one's presence ; run, trot.
Presence. j*a.
Inf. of j*oj*. Ill, in 6j.*6[s~c
mysticism, communion with
God.
Share, share of good fortune,
pleasure.
Dig. j**~
Guard, preserve, Jaa*.
keep (in memory): VIII bi,
observe, be mindful of.
li, keeping (anything) Jail*.
in memory.
I * oi
Elative o/Jail.. J&a.1
J***"
Assembly,
salon.
X have a just claim JJi-
to, deserve, require, regard
as obligatory.
Due, what anyone is en- Ji*.
titled to, just claim, obliga-
tion, right, truth.
or excellent : IV do well,
speak well, be able to (do
anything), know; 'ila, act
well or kindly towards : X
think good, approve.
J - 3
Goodness, ^j~>\a~o - ^>-~.
good quality, excellence,
beauty.
Good, beautiful, pleasing, <j .
" *
Beautiful (woman). l\ .;.,.<*.
J , l
Better, best. ^j-~J
Feed (a fire) with Ji*.
fuel, make (a fire) blaze.
VIII be abashed, j^*-
feel shyness.
Those who aj^.sw yL^
invest God with human at-
tributes, anthropomorphists.
^il^*.
4^,U*
\r
Side, fringe or border (of a
garment), train of followers,
retinue.
Prevent. *orw
Result, supervene, A*mm
come to pass.
- J
Chaste
or married woman.
IV number, count. .
!~C
GLOSSARY
V seek, aim at. lj^
bi, adapted to, worthy ^j*-
of, having good reason for.
Cut, make an Ij.*. J^.
incision.
to* *
Bind (a horse) Uj^. j>}*.
with a girth.
6 -
Prudence, discretion, j>'y>*
perseverance.
Grieve. Uj*.^ Ujj
Sad, sorrowful. CrtJ^
IV bi, perceive, L>> > o
be aware of.
Think, suppose : w....^
III ace. and 'an, call (any-
one) to account for (anything).
*
Sufficiency, enough. ^ ,...!
Honour w>L^t * y,.*
{especially that which is de-
rived from one's ancestors),
glory, nobility.
Account. OUL.. *~ ^jL...!*.
Envy ; ace. and Ju*.
'ala, envy (anyone) for (any-
thing).
Of a woman, S^rU. j~^.
unveiled, uncovered.
Be or become good : >~* &-
II make (anything) goodly
A volcanic tract strewn 3^*.
with black crumbling stones.
W>J^.
Heat.
Plunder.
War. ^j-**
Lance.
Greed, u&j^- u^j*-
avarice.
V 'an, turn aside <J>ja.
Oil.
4jjA.
from, become estranged from.
Letter of the ^Jjj** w*
alphabet, word.
Trade, handicraft.
V be burnt, be con- J>/.
sumed with anguish.
Barque.
II set in motion,
shake.
5.51,
tW
Holy place, jbj^. j>^.
sacred territory ; a man's
wives and family.
1* , Ox
The sacred territory of _>op*JI
Mecca.
J 'J
Plural of <Lcj&., a man's
wives and family.
Of a Bedouin, rude, one
who has had no intercourse
with townsfolk.
GLOSSARY
irp
of person and bi, suggest (any-
thing) to (anyone), inspire
(anyone) with the hope or
intention of (doinganything):
III converse with : IV bring
into existence, produce (some-
thing new), revolt : V talk.
New, modern. w-oju>-
Oral re- iojUJ . s^oju^.
lation of the Prophet's words
or actions, tradition, talk, idle
talk, tale, story, saying.
* j
Having a beginning *J*m*+
in time (opposite of ^jj3),
invented, modern.
VII descend, come j >*.
down.
<JJ~~
AdJ^. JJ^
Black of the eye, pupil of the
eye.
VIII blaze, burn joj>*-
fiercely.
Fear, be on one's j Jt*.
guard against, beware.
Fear, caution. jj^.
Opposite.
Be or become hot. *- *
Free, noble.
1-J
Pilgrimage to Mecca.
A pilgrimage.
Year. ^"^
Argument, proof,
evidence.
c
Pilgrim. ^-^-. -.-. I*.
^Icc. and 'ala, debar wa.o
(anyone) from access to (one's
self).
Chamberlain. w*.l.
Bosom ;fig. t j*^- j*
care, protection.
Stone. jl-- ?r
Mare kept for breeding. Sjo*^.
IV 'an, abstain ^*~-
from, desist from.
Edge j^ju*. *p j^^j^.
(of a sword), limit, boundary,
law, ordinance.
Sharp. >^J^- ff J^J^>
Iron. juj^*.
High
wJX W>X^
ground, highland.
j
Be new or recent : *!>**.
II tell, relate to, relate tra-
ditions of the Prophet; ace.
in
GLOSSARY
I n terior, ^y*- **3*-
inside (of anything).
Collective, jewels, >*>-
pearls.
Longing, ^p*. ^p*.
anguish.
Come, IL&i .*, ^sPf. i\t*.
come to ; bi, bring ; ace. of
persoii and bi, bring (any-
thing) to (anyone); 'ala, accord
with, tit, be applicable to.
Neck.
Army.
u~pt
III be the neighbour
)V*
'0 '
or client of (anyone) : I V pro-
tect, grant refuge.
One who is pro- C^ytr 7r jW*
tected, neighbour, client.
Stockings.
Pass, be per- jjU J^
missible, be possible: III ace.
and 'ila, pass from (one thing)
to (another) : VIII ace. or
bi, pass by.
-
Walnut. jya*
J
Be hungry. cl
embarrassed (in speaking),
stammer: VIII same mean-
ing.
Creep, crawl. L.
Until. , 1L
'ala, urge to, in- w*tw
stigate to.
Make the pilgrimage *.
to Mecca: III contend in
argument with (anyone) :
VIII bi, adduce (anything)
as an argument.
IV love, like, wish, w >.
prefer : VI love one another.
Ml J
Love. *r***
'ila, more or most pleasing w**.l
or dear to (anyone).
Make beautiful, em- j**.
bellish ; passive, be or become
beautiful.
Im-
prison ; ace. and 'ala, confine
(anything) to (anyone), make
(anything) the private pro-
perty of (anyone): V become
GLOSSARY
irr
Ignorant, rude, bar- J**^
barous.
m
A time or state of <LJjtl.
ignorance or barbarity.
The time of paganism aJUkUJt
preceding Islam.
Hell.
IV answer, assent
to (a prayer), accept (an in-
vitation); ace. of person and
'ila, consent to an} r one's doing
anything : VI answer one
another, hold a dialogue : X
li, reply to (anyone).
VIII destroy, eradi- p-**-
cate.
Be liberal : IV make ,>l*.
excellent, do (anything) ex-
cellently : X deem excellent,
desire (anything) to be ex-
cellent, choose carefully.
Liberality, munificence. ,>^
Excellence. ^>3 t ^3 *>}*!-
Liberal, muni- >l^.l s*. .>'>-
ficent ; an excellent or noble
horse.
Ml
Excellent.
Elative of
I
Side, wing (of an army). *Li.
Side, direction. s^^
1,
Plural, ribs of the breast.
Collective, stones. Jj^
Corpse, corpse on a bier.
Sort, kind.
Gather, pluck, .^- ic>-
gain; bring down (an injury
upon anyone), be guilty of.
Crime, offence, injury. <S^-
III wage war against j^.
(infidels).
Distress, suffering, j..,o*.
fatigue.
War against infidels, holy }\a?.
war.
Utmost of one's power, >5-~*~<>
all that one can possibly do.
All that is re- jly**. J^*-
quired for a funeral.
Be ignorant ; 'ala, Jy
act rudely or barbarously to-
wards (anyone).
Ignorance, rudeness, <Jv a f
barbarity.
Camel. J* J^-
Totality, the J^l .
whole of anything.
Beauty, pleasingness,
goodness.
Camel- herd, one who
looks after camels.
Beautiful, comely.
Pomp, magnificence.
-
Collection.
GLOSSARY
J-0*- 5
Name of a w>j*M j\xZi\ 3
book.
demons,
Collective, spirits,
genies.
Garden.
Paradise.
Possessed by a demon,
mad.
II double ace, put w*^*
(anyone) far away from (any-
thing), cause (anyone) to avoid
(anything): V avoid: VIII
stand aloof from, shun, avoid.
Side. wJ^.
Beside, in com-
parison with.
ut
Assembly, ^JU*-* *.
council, salon, hall, room.
Collective, live j^af. j-o*
coals.
Unite, collect : IV ?~**?
'ala, be agreed upon (any-
thing): VIII come together,
assemble, be combined ; 'ila,
be united to; 'ala, be agreed
upon.
J
Union, congregation
The Friday prayers.
Friday.
All, the whole.
Together.
Number, multitude,
collective body.
The body of legal Att^aJI
decisions made by early
Moslem jurists ; the public
worship in which the whole
Moslem community takes
part.
The orthodox
Moslems.
^ j/ Jf j * o i.
All, all to- { jyt^Bf\ f*> *-o*-\
gether.
Plural, all **c\a**e p. A+ +-A
the parts, the whole.
I
} 0* 3 6*
\
i 2
GLOSSARY
ir.
Body. ja~**-
V charge one's self
">"
with (something difficult or
dangerous), expose one's self
to (danger).
Belonging
^JJia. ***
to the tribe of Ja'dah.
Make, put, place; tJ*-
ace. and li, give (anything)
to, attribute or assign (any-
thing) to ; ace. and 'ila, com-
mit or entrust (anything) to;
double ace., make (a person or
thing) to be..., make (any-
thing) into ; with following
imp/., begin to.
Bough, rude, t^il^. $&s*.
churlish.
Be great, be exalted : J**.
IV honour.
fa
Great.
Dignity, majesty.
Elative of J-JU..
Strength, jJ^. -
hardihood.
Skin.
Sit; 'ila, sit beside: ^JU-
III sit with : IV make to sit.
Affected with the disease
called w>j*, scabby.
ml J
Neck or collar of a O^^*
shirt.
Wound. T'J' 9 ''
LoCUSt, 6} t^.^ ^ t
grasshopper.
Crime.
>J*-
J
Flow, run ; 'ala,
Ijj*
follow (a particular course of
action), of money, be paid
regularly to (anyone) : IV
'ala, assign (a sum of money)
to (anyone) as a stipend or
allowance.
Girl, slave-girl. t<
AjjU-
Cut.
Be or become
impatient, grieve violently.
ul J
Impatient in p|>- ?~ PjW-
misfortune.
I V li, make large Jj}^-
gifts to (anyone).
Great, large. \J k O a ^
Elative of ^)jj
Land-tax
*0"h kSJ^"
paid by free non-Moslems.
-
Bridge. j~>*r j
in
Praise, eulogy.
GLOSSARY
-
5
Utfl
.U5
LSI
Twelve.'
Garment.
Recompense, requital w)ty
(given by God, especially for
good actions).
Be stirred up, break j\5
out.
A fruit, a pro-
duct.
0j-O->
Bull.
obPg
j>
Eight'
Eight a3UjUj3 *5t* jV 1 ^
hundred.
Bend, double, fold up, ^3
close: II do (anything) twice,
repeat : IV 'ala, praise, extol ;
bi of thing and 'ala of person,
praise (anyone) for (any-
thing).
New. **iJ**-
Fit, suitable, jjjk.- >*
worthy.
VII fall upon the J*x>-
ground, be prostrate.
Hawk. cJj^-'
X ask a gift of (any- jj>.-
one).
Trunk of a palm-tree.
Mi J
Belonging .^tj^ voJl*.
to the tribe of Judham.
II test, put to the w-y^
proof.
Scab (a disease of camels).
T. A. III.
High rank, dignity. dt-
^jti *e-_5 j*f U^ {j** ^"
Heart, soul.
Coat.
Gabriel.
Mountain.
solitary.
Be grave, be serious : j^a-
II make new, renew.
Grandfather, ancestor; ja.
fortune.
Hard ground.
>*>*-
GLOSSARY
I TA
turn favourably towards (any-
Complete, perfect. j\3
one), accept the repentance of
(anyone).
Repentance. 4j^3
Crown, oV-*3 ?r&
diadem.
Elative of jt\3 . ^j\
Inf. of^j II. d
*
Collective, dates. j+j
Repent; 'ala, of God, w>U
ness, become weary of (any-
one) as a companion : X re-
gard (anyone) as tedious or
troublesome, dislike.
Load. jb
Heavy, richly ornamented J-Ju
with gold.
A weight equivalent to JUlc
one dirhem and a half.
wJL^ ptm d.JjLo
Cause of disgrace, scandal affect-
ing one's honour.
Kyis i$j >y5 tJJ
Three. 2J3 3
Thirty. Oy&3 6*W
Threehundred. X\Jd5 3 X[Jy5
Third. >Jtf
Then, thereupon. ^j
Collective, fruit, j+j *^j
Blood-revenge. j \j j U
IV make to stand
fast, establish (in a position).
Firm, steadfast. C-*J
Memorandum, note-book, c-%o
ledger.
Moist earth. ^jj ^cjj
Serpent. 0^*3~ v^
Break or pull out (a jju
tooth) ; passive, have one's
tooth broken or pulled out.
Slow, slow to JUu JJu
move.
II straighten (a UMU
spear-shaft).
Name of a tribe.
Belonging to the tribe l**^
of Thaqif.
VI ' an, refrain from Jju
(anything) through sluggish-
I rv
GLOSSARY
distinctly : V become mani-
fest, appear plainly : VI be-
come separated from one an-
other.
Between, among.
While.
Eloquence, exposition,
Evidence, proof.
O*
oW
Ace. and min, sell Uco clj
(anything) to (anyone): III
swear allegiance to (anyone)
as Caliph; ace. of person and
'ala, swear the oath of allegi-
ance to (a Caliph) on con-
dition of (doing anything).
Huckster, petty merchant. *j
IV speak plainly or ^^-o
IV fill, satiate.
I*
* J '0
Leave, abandon, \sy3 2)j3
renounce, omit, reject; ace
of person and min, let (any-
one) neglect (anything).
Nine. <\jl5 j> *~J .-*J
Ninety.
Fie!, shame ! ou-
see ^ 3 .
see jjj.
IV squander, waste oUj
(by prodigality).
see iX)3 .
II finish, complete :
IV same meaning.
Name of a tribe.
^
A kind of sandal <J< ^ >13
or slipper.
Follow : V search -J
after by degrees, investigate
VIII follow, pursue.
Follower.
:13\
* ] C ft
^ j * *
Those who followed <J>*V^
and associated with the Com-
panions of the Prophet, the
men of the second generation
after Muhammad.
Short trousers. <jU> ^>o
Under, beneath. CoJ
J <
A tray or 0^aJ p* C *3
chest (of clothes).
Dry earth, *
dust, mould.
.1^3-
-r>>-
GLOSSARY
I n
Beast, brute.
Thumb.
Beauty,
*+*J J9\4
>W
\i *r>
brilliance, splendour (of re-
putation).
oi
Door, gate, *->\*y>\ r*- w>W
chapter, category, subject,
topic.
j
bi, make manifest, -lj
declare, reveal.
Collective, owls.
An owl.
Pass the night.
Tent, house,
temple, family,
Verse.
*>
4~4J
Ob
i J
The Temple at Mecca,
the Ka'ban.
II
The treasury.
IX be or become
white.
JWJt WWO
Collective, eggs.
Whiteness, fairness of
complexion.
White,
c**W
of fair complexion.
More or most effectual, iLt
more or most excessive.
* 0'
Goal, destination, amount, *Jl~o
total.
Try, test, afflict : III ^JL
&4
J J
with preceding negative, not . . .
care : IV confer (a benefit)
on (anyone).
Trial, probation.
Beneficence, favour. %*$*>
A she-camel that the pagan
Arabs used to bind and leave
to die at the grave of her
former owner.
Of a garment, be or .Jb
become worn out: IV wear
out, consume.
Yea, certainly {affirming .-L
what has been denied).
Build.
L5*
Son. sLjt^ 0>^ * H5 Ch'
'
Daughter. oLj - C~Jj *ut
M , j
Diminutive of y>\. ^j
*i, A
Diminutive of2uj\.
Of the moon, jjbb jyf
outshining the stars.
I ro
GLOSSARY
A she-mule. aXju Jju
Seek ; double ace, ^u
seek (anything) for (anyone) :
IV double ace, seek (any-
thing) for (anyone): VII be
allowable or possible; li, be
fitting for, behove, beseem :
VIII seek, desire.
Acting unjustly, tyranni- ^jsu
cally, or insolently.
Object of desire.
Collective, cows, yu jib
cattle.
Remain, remain %\si>
over, continue, last, endure,
be immortal.
Weep, weep for. *lio ^Jo
Nay, on the contrary. J.j
Country, land, town.
Used collectively, country. >^b
Reach, attain, arrive -b
at, come to the knowledge of
(anyone) : II double ace, cause
to reach, deliver (anything) to
(anyone) : III exaggerate.
Eloquent. *UcL *- *-Jj
Eloquence, rhetoric. ^"%i
Send, raise from the
dead, incite, excite ; bi, send.
Be or become I juu juu
distant : III baina, make a
wide separation between (two
persons or parties) : IV re-
move far (from good), curse:
VI be far distant or apart.
Afterwards, still, even j,xj
now; with preceding negative,
not yet.
Now, now to proceed, jot
After.
Distance, altitude >but ^
(of a star).
Far, remote, far-fetched
improbable.
Elative of
I
Camel.
**-> j*t
il
Portion, s^slju
some, one of...
Bagdad.
IV hate ; ace. of
person and 'ala, hate (any-
one) for (anything).
'ila, more or most hateful ^jolsu\
to (anyone).
GLOSSARY
i ri*
II ace. and bi, jJL>
gladden (anyone) by the an-
nouncement of (good news),
announce (good news) to (any-
one) : VI congratulate one
another.
Collective, mankind.
X regard (food or aio
drink) as distasteful.
bi, look at,
perceive.
jmj
J jj-tfu
Sight, vision, eye. jt^ul *- j,*cu
XT * * "*'
Name of a city near the *j_*\J)
mouth of the Euphrates.
Sharp-sighted.
Exude moisture.
IV make a false
assertion.
False, vain, worthless.
JJ.U
^ J ol
Belly, bottom of a 0^f^3
valley.
J Oi - Of * J
She oiau\ i^. c *..::>
brought forth five young ones.
Having one's belly full of iJau
food or drink, repletion.
Interior, spiritual part. t>lb
Come forth, appear : jjj
II 'an, go ahead of, outstrip,
IV cause to come forth, ex-
pose.
Oj
Rough ground 25jj Jjjj
where stones, sand, and earth
are mixed together.
II f.3j*J, veil one's *3jj
face.
JO J
Veil (for the face). ijj
Kneel: III f i, bless, jjj
j
Falling upon the knees 1\&\jj
in battle and so fighting,
desperate combat, field (of
battle).
J '0'
The descendants it^JI
of Barmak, the Barmecides.
A hood or hooded
cloak.
IV say (to a she-
0, ,
camel) ^~j tr ^.
J
Garden. ,jU~*>
J
Gardener. OWO^* ^
Make glad, open
V liberate one's self.
V smile.
JO J
Joy (at
S&lLj .
meeting anyone), cheerful-
ness.
I rr
Desert.
GLOSSARY
^W
Overcome, surpass. Ju
Give, offer, *^Ju JJu
devote : VI give to one an-
other, practise mutual self-
sacrifice: VIII use (a gar-
ment) for ordinary occasions,
wear out (a garment) in daily
use.
Kindness, benefit, j.j jj.j
favour, piety.
Bunches or clusters (of jjjj
the fruit of the tree called
Be con- gjj 3 \jj
valescent; min, be or become
free from, recover from (ill-
ness): IV cure, heal.
min, renounce. te\jj {jj
Convalescence.
V*
Go away, depart.
C*
Be or become cold
Coldness.
Post-horse, postal
service, jujj
post.
Of a sword, sharp.
Jj'jJ W*
e* e u **r
Innovation, heresy.
Wonderful, extra-
ordinary.
A wonderful ^5tju
thing.
, it
Elative of %jjo 9
IV ace. of person and Jju
bi, give (anything) to (any-
one) in exchange; double ace.
and bi, give (anything) to
(anyone) in exchange for (any-
thing): X bi, take a substi-
tute for or in the place of
(anyone).
An sjjo vr <&J^ 0**1
animal slaughtered for sacri-
fice (at Mecca).
Extempore, lyj ju 6 ju
impromptu.
Faculty of speaking *^J^
extempore, improvisation.
Appear, become mani- I ju
fest, occur, suggest itself :
IV make manifest, bring to
light.
Open, exposed, *i>^ J* >^i
manifest.
GLOSSARY
i rr
v*tf
Again,
Time.
* OS
cH
At the present time, now. <jNJI
Where I
is
0! 1^1
J it
Job. *r>*j'
Which, what, whichever. ^1
O!, ho! Ljf
Particle, denoting the ac- Ll
cusative, prefaced to personal
pronouns.
Beware of (doing any- <jt i)L|
thing) !
II strengthen. jut
Slit.
Sea ; proper name
feminine.
A she-camel whose ear o
is slit.
Incense. j *^ j" 8 *-^
a J
Escape, means ju j ju
of avoiding.
Begin ; bi, begin with : I ju
VIII same meaning.
A purse jju *. Sjju jju
of money.
Intuitive knowledge, Spb
faculty of extemporising
poetry.
In, at, by, with, by means w>
of, by reason of, in exchange
for.
In oaths, by. w>
Well. ^-jC,
Fer6 of blame, be evil.
Harm.
4Aer a negative, &u
absolutely, at all.
Sharp, jjl^j^o ?->>W j*J
cutting.
Sharp, cutting. JLJb JUj
Disperse. wo
'an, exami
scrutinise,
in
Thou.
Ye, you.
Female.
GLOSSARY
e x o
Cot j> OJt
JOS-
.21
iff
^
IV make friendly,
tame : X become sociable, be
domesticated.
Collective, mankind, men. U -Jt
I
Entertainment, diversion. ^^Jl
A human ^0^ ^Ut -*. <jl~JI
being, a man.
Nose.
People, family, Jdbt JaI
kinsfolk, those to whom a
thing belongs; li, having a
right to, entitled to, worthy of.
Or j folloived by sub- $ I
junctive, until, unless.
Place of re- w>U w^l
turn, bourne.
Be crooked.
'ila, return to, have
recourse to.
Household, family, kinsfolk, Jl
people.
First, earlier,
beginning.
That is, namely. rl
L^wW
O*
ilcc. and 'ala, be
secure from (injury) in regard
to: II render secure: IV
render secure ; believe in a
religious sense : VIII ace. of
person and fi or 'ala, trust
(anyone) with (anything), en-
trust (anything) to (anyone).
Security, promise of ^Ut
security.
Faith in a religious sense. sJ\+j\
J
Believer. 0->*
Participle of ^a\ IV, 0-o*r
as an epithet of God, He who
renders (his servants) secure
(from wrong or punishment).
* e.
Slave-
girl.
The Umaiyads
That, because.
As though.
>UI p* iot j
it.
U>3 U
loi\&> 3 0^>
In order that... not.
*a
Because.
i
If.
Verily.
8
Only.
uf|
I.
GLOSSARY
i r
Religious com- j^S ->
munity, nation, people.
Illiterate.
2lc\
>U1
Before, in front of.
Imam, leader of a re- j>K*S
ligious community, head of a
sect.
* * . f
Verily, truly. u t Ul^ Ut
With following o>, as to, Lot
as regards.
Either... or. U^...UJ
Order, advise ; \j*\ j*\
bi, order anything to be done,
give an order concerning
(anyone) ; ace. and bi, order
(anyone) to do (anything) ; li
of person and bi, order (any-
thing) to be given to (any-
one).
Thing, matter, business,
affair, command.
Commander,
prince.
The office of prince,
sovereignty.
Yesterday. ^^ol
V look intently at, J^t
contemplate.
o
J**
J s
-1
Fie !, shame ! y_*l obi
Side, Jlit
quarter, region.
Ploughman, agricultural
bourer.
la-
OpJi
*]
Eat.
The.
O !, come !, is it not
the case that... ?
Verily.
Except, unless, other
wise than ; in combination
with -preceding negative = only.
Who, he .Jfr ji ^JJI
who, which, that which.
Become friendly oUl
with : II compose, compile,
put into writing.
A thousand. o^l ?*.
A god. A^f . Jf aJI
God.
To, towards, until. ^1
Particle of interroga- j>\
Hon, or?
Oly-ol ^ >l ^1
Mother, dam.
oUI
3
m
GLOSSARY
Loin-cloth, pair of drawers, jjLc
mantle.
A year of
**3j\J>j\
drought or famine; distress,
penury.
II found, lay the j^wl
foundations of.
Master, teacher.
Isaac.
Lion.
Take prisoner.
Altogether.
Astrolabe.
Alexander the
Great.
Alexandria.
iU-,1
[3 J^J
At that time, then. iM j>1
li, give permission to <j j t
(anyone) : X li, ask per-
mission for (anyone); 'ala,ask
permission to come into the
presence of (anyone) ; 'ala
and li, ask leave to admit
(anyone) into the presence of
(anyone).
el
1 6 e-
J - - 6+
AjjJJSLj*^\
Permission.
0>\
Ear.
Waves.
{j>\ \j>\
j ~ *
' t- '
Ishmael.
Ill share (food, ^.wt
money, etc.) with (anyone).
e j 2
Keeper of camels. ^)Ly&1
An >l^| *. Sju-dt j^ct
enclosure, made of rocks, for
the protection of camels,
sheep, or goats.
Root, origin, what is funda-
mental or primary.
Need, want, use (for anything).
II kindle (fire), excite ^jt
(discord).
see >)$. >j\
Earth, land, region. uj^
Be sleepless. Jijt
A tree of the a^IjI iljl
kind called Jljt.
see ^j.
Name of a tribe.
VIII jJJl , put on or jjt
wear a jj.
J6C c^
4J^
GLOSSARY
I !a
Last.
Other, another.
Last, end.
The next world.
Ill fraternise with, ^.1
behave as a brother to.
Brother.
**.i
lj*"' v >W
b*W
Member of such <j*}li .-J ^^t
and such a tribe.
Inf. of ^t III.
II educate, teach good w>>l
manners, correct, punish.
Polite, cultured, i{j^\ p ^ojt
man of letters.
Teacher.
VIII bi, use (any- j*}\
* j
J
j*1
thing) as a condiment, use
for seasoning.
Seasoning, condiment.
Adam. ^O I
Olpl j- Sljt pi
Instrument.
Water-skin. Sjljl
II pay, discharge, ,> I
execute, convey, deliver.
When, since, lo! behold! \\
When, whenever, if, there !, 131
lo!
Reward; fi, reward ja\
(anyone) on account of (any-
thing or anyone).
e I
Reward, hire. ja*\
" 'I i
Hireling. ^j*>-\ ?> >-*-'
, i
Fixed term, J^t J*.t
appointed period.
Yes. Jit
Because of.
l
Future, that which shall J.l
come hereafter.
One. ix>t J> J^t
'-it , * j
Take, seize, t J^.1 J^.1
receive; bi, seize, take hold
of ; with following irnpf,
begin to : VIII take for one's
self, get possession of, acquire.
Source whence anything J^-U
is derived.
II put behind ', ace. and j^.1
'an, keep (anyone) back from
(anything), put off payment
(of anything) to (anyone):
V 'an, be withheld from (any-
thing), be put off so as not
to receive payment (of what
is due to anyone), be kept
away from (a meeting).
GLOSSARY
Come, come to ; bi, .-31
bring, bring forward, produce,
commit; bi and ace, bring
(anyone) to (anyone) ; 'ala,
arrive at : IV with double
ace, give (anything) to (any-
one).
Imperative of ,ut IV OlA
give, bring.
Trace, jlit g. j$j$
vestige, relic, monument, re-
markable achievement; tra-
dition, or collectively, tra-
ditions, of the Prophet.
Honoured, favourite.
J
Motive of j-ot . jj\
it.
A glorious action pU <>. SpU
handed down from generation
to generation, a noble deed,
a noble quality or character.
Sin. J&- 1
t
Particle of interrogation. I
All time to jut jut
come, eternity.
t a
With preceding negative, t jut
never.
j f -
A strange or Jut^t *. 3 jut
abominable practice; an un-
familiar or obscu re expression.
J
Abraham. ^^Jstjjt
Pure (gold). Jjjj\
V put under one's Jajt
(own) armpit.
a- x Sex
Nickname of a Pre- l^w iuU
islamic poet.
Collective, camels. Jut
see y,J. *^t^ ^jut
Father, *lut *. *ut yt\
- , ' * j t
Name of a poet ; a*^ ^jt
name of a mountain near
Mecca.
si.
Refuse, reject ; 'ala, ^jt
refuse to comply with (any-
one).
t 11
c ^II)lj 'oji olii y*c dd}\ 3 jjj> 'jux~Jt aJUaJI^ 'juj^Jt
e j * *j tt j c ms Si * j t*t * *
^ rt* ^ o ^ oi * ^o . hi , j , ,
J O ? JO Hi X
it j Mj
1. dj5 in pause, for S>3. Wright 11. 226.
3. d.x. JJi*, "the merit of his ancestor" ('ali ibn Abi
Talib).
I 10
rt.j.CtJ C~J=r> ^JJt U Ujufc.3 5JjJ d..i^. ^j^. j^.U v j-o
9/ - * ' ul J
* i-i J o^ f g.
. < * o
5 Oi ioJ^JI AJjlki w.-U)l ^ U>j wJUo J15 iljl
.yjj^ wJ^Jfltf Jo N) JUi wJ^b jJaJ wJi^eLiJI o^Jl
^15 iJj.to*3\ iJJJb\ J15 ^j^JjJt ,-fr-jaJJt j^aLo >\
jo** ij & * o to ** to* jO/ o * j o*
SUaiJt d^fc.j ^ jj^t o-3 # SUJ1 .^iL jus (^j.^oJJ'
_ A . J J OJ siitOsOsOrt***
* o * a
Ow>-JLwJt LyJLS^J Lojtjj # L>U> .;.,o.a.Jl ,J>* ULs j\J
J/ x ^ ^ 0^ 6 j JO/ 0x x . xo*tf J 0/t( J Ox
OU Jyj ^-aAj^o j^^J Jia. Jyj # .ytJai j-^3' ^J~j\ wJ
* 2 0/ J wit J u* / /
^ o oj w / <
15 cHJ^W *^ ,i)jJtwl <xla.5; .-i ^*>* ^JUJ ^ ...J ^jt
J /
8. v>jj>*j about half-way between Teheran and the
Caspian Sea.
9. Metre Jj.j^jt, 621.
j *
dUJuM ,-il^ , an honorary title of the Sahib which often
occurs in poems addressed to him.
h2
I IP
j: eg
j o * j o a 5 m
wyo jUai^M ^J^fc. j3 >o>aJ' kj^oit^ u lai-oJt u^^J W-^3
P Ml J
^ ;: j j St * Z St i
wA.l<cJt ^UCs Jli <suoU* U^ 0**>3 V*\ do J.l l^j J^.1
Ml
Hi
V > >l*4) jv* 15* y O- **** J^* L5* >*^ ^ d J^ 10
J , , 3 3 s Ol
j^V-i > o. ^i ly^e Ji-Uaj l-o *Jl* *V-> j-,-~^' '**
'jutll /^L U ,J JUi c^j^t J>~*^> *oJ^t wJLot^ 15
^a*J U^j J13 jjj J13 'jJbii J&& l jl~~J ^JL
(needed by) anyone wlio undertakes to support a person like
me."
2. ju*>jUI \J->\, vizier of the Buwaihid Rukn al Daulah
(932 976 a.d.).
8. ,jl ^ \jj\>, " whoever he might be."
13. .JtJ^yJI JwiuUI ^>\ ,jUjJt jtJju, the celebrated
author of the Maqdmdt (died 1007 a.d.). LHA., 328.
*0 JO' ' ^ *J
^>J3 ^Jjleucj s}i J ~ u> 3 **U*5 J^3'j-"3 **i)*.3 sJ 6 ***}
*j*-0'0t a j - ' - * o - o -
m * o
, K * 0,
^ J*^ j^^i Jj^f- 5 { 9 S^ ,{a - ~J&>3 \J*& J>*
1 3 -
9. j^^U ^ ?^> the Samanid(976 997a.d.).
13. Text: .J^oj for ^J^Uoj.
14. Text: j^^Jlto J-o^-3 O-*- Ibn Khallikan omits .JUU
and reads JiaOt v > (De Slane) or J*iajyi ^c (Wiistenfeld).
Translate : " What, then, do you think of the pomp suitable
to the condition of a person like me ! " lyj refers to the words
J I tJ<i'> \J^- It would seem natural, however, to read
^JJt ^^a>j jj- aj j^JU Ifrj, "of the resources proper for
T. A. III. H
i I r
o - o x j * x ou j/o
J x i 3 0* 3 3 3$.** x x 0< x OtO it 3 x x
^ j Oto - o , x - x Si 3 x - - > J Oto i x j Oio x ((/
x x OtO J x x Si x 3 i ' *JO's
X 0/0 J t + * J x x ' Ci lO 3 3 x x 0*3 x x -
^j^Ot d^JCJwo L j.. . o Li # ^J^Jt O^icu ^j>Jt ^>*
x Oft 2 ( J/ / Jf/ 1*03 J x x g x x *
x oS i* o * o * * * * o* 033 x o x
io jt ^0 v>o ^5^L> ^i # ^^J' c^jv d ^u** o- W 1
J JO , } 13 -I <Os x 30iO x X x
L** VIU Jaw j^ Lr ^i=> # CHplP^ C *W* " J &
x J i 3 3 />) xx X 3 ul x J xx
i iJfrx Ox ( 3 f-
Ox xx ft u) tO
1. Metre JUUJI, 606.
3. Metre L> J \3&\ i 610.
8. Text: ^j^j.
11. Text: ^ j^>il.
x0< xx*
jiyjOl ^jJlfr bjUfc., "one who acts in the ordinary way."
xOjOC OxxxOJO?
L.>t i ^j\, equivalent to aJI ^..a -j O*^-
x 1 x
12. Sjulj ^>j ,jju held important governorships under
the Umaiyad and first 'abbasid Caliphs. He was renowned
for his generosity.
1 1 1
^.iw^jl j^suj 3-l J15 l*> A,ot ^> VoA3
i o o C/O * J * * Z * OiO * ,
jtw^b ^Uw'N)! Ai^oyc # jjl> ^>P tjjl> Sjtj^Jt ^JJ
^ U^ cu^> J13 ^-j^3t ^U^Jt O*^ 1 C* O^
O^J J15 O^J-^3 a5U*US A^U*Jt3 ^ej^Jt jl*. ^
^o-jUJt ^jt ^Jtud ojb j-i 4U jUdw^b ^-obj J^iJl ^ . : a>J Q
A-^UJt^ ^OjoJI ,>* \^3 yj* %*+* ^J\ U^J tVL^jJl
w-^Xj J^t ^L.U J>^3 aJ^JUJI S^UJI j^j^Jt ^^JLp
15 ^^s> IJ^> ^JL^-o .J out Jwjii <U ws^UJI JLJ liw
aJI ^v'j^pi ^eUi -jjJt ,>* d **i u* ^* ***& J^
the Buwaihid dynasty. He is said to have been called w>o.toJI
(the Companion) on account of his life-long friendship with
the Buwaihid prince, Mu'aiyid al Daulah. He died in 997 a.d.
Cf. Ibn Khallikan, De Slane's translation, vol. i. pp. 212217.
3. Metre JLolfl1,606.
Si j e
5. djjjjl ja,i, brother of Mu'aiyid al Daulah, whom he
succeeded in 983 a.d.
1 1 .
, * W < J ' ' M> * J i
,ol , j j <i o * i. o* jj'OJjo^S
Aj^wli clo O$~0 *j\ # cA^ J>~^ J^AJ 3} j^JJl
^ * *t * * w
0^0 .. ' ^ '
U Ij J JUi J-jAJ J*>-^ 4jutj aJju wXil^ j>a^J w^
oH * o St w
W J J * W 3 30 s
* oi
lyjju .yj^Jlj 10
^J** 3 J^ L5^ ^^ 0**P ! OJ
zt * i ,oi , t
ww ^ jw - x < j* a * oi * *
XIX. THE SAHIB 'ISMA'IL IBN 'ABBAD.
C Jl-< dJU-J^j j^'y O- ^*-^-3 <Uwla^ jW**- 1 O-* ^^ 1**
C - w wOJAx
1. Metre ^ityt, 607.
j for
11. Metre J-olfll, 606.
16. w-Lsdl . 'Ism^'il ibn 'abbad was a famous vizier under
M
3 O
LIj il j^i^'j j-J' ^ 0^-*3 -*>' ^^' V-LH^
- * <- - t.
J J I Oi
5 JUi JlaJt J>~oJ ja>. cu^ AjlSjJs ^J^J ^ d-wLol <ol$jt
J f L.I l J Ml-- <- W ^
J * Jw j- - j 5 ll -* J J *
w~lr>._5 w-^LmJ C-Ja*0 L5*^" ^ ^*fl^J*5 4*5) <*-Jt s^X J ^^J
0W J J yJ
1. Metre jLiijt, 621.
5. Text: J^ol.
6. Metre ^9^1, 607.
9. Text: OlSl^j oLk&Lj 01 tjt^ ^lj ^ j^j oj^li
*r>>^}>3' The mention of Samarra (^$lj ^^o j**) is obviously
out of place here. The Leiden and Oxford MSS. have
c jt;U.....o.>, for which I propose to read ^ULo-JL^j. Sulaimanan
was a harbour in the neighbourhood of al Basrah. The
corrections oGjauJj and w>jbj are due to Prof. Margoliouth.
m t J
10. Sj^-j Sj^p .-i : so pointed in the Leiden MS.
Text: }js.j Sjs. ^i.
I* A
XVIII. THE VIZIER AL MUHALLABI.
JJ Of. ,,o>o Si J 3 - * I ~ 0* w? w - J i ,i 0>
at i j i j j *
i _r ^- o ~ , I
jUJt J^-J ^.t Jyb A^ij ^r***\) jjtols+tj j*r^*\}
o
1. ^jV-tfJI J^JUb ^j~> ^^aIjj! was secretary to the Buwaihid
(Buyid) 'izz al Daulaft, and is celebrated as a writer of
rhetorical epistles (died 994 a.d.). He was not a Moslem, but
a abian, i.e. one of the Hellenistic pagans of Harran in
Mesopotamia (see Prof. Browne's Literary History of Persia,
i. 302306).
/^l^n H ^\ (died 963 a.d.).
2. Metre J^lflt , 606.
5. Text om. jua.<> ^jj.
7. j-oJLjjJI duy> jjj jc-e--t, a Buwaihid prince who
reigned with the title of Mu'izz al Daulaft (932967 A.D.).
LHA., 266.
J -
The Leiden MS. reads oJ djj\j^ jJU 0^3-
w ^o ^ - o s o
5 p^ J% ^X3> ^U cJljj ^Uoa3 Sjbj Ajji U) sJj*jl
s. o j j j o , jo
jj^loJt ^jJLp ^5^*0 J*.*xi > j..jff.Z.... .0 aJJu olaJI d^Jj 5lj
A * O^^J -*^ A^ft V 1 ^ LjV^l O^ O-* ^J^ J^
aJ w*2=> aJI* JU Ob
pli^Jt ^^Jj jo*)*** j^^ j- # -o-J' AiitoJb ^Ul w>-a-J
UJi J^W/JI -XA- 1J <*-t&5 Jj^ iJU- *s-^) dXJL> U0J-3U
Z ut * * o j s- oi e. e.
b Jli ^oJL> UJld 4-jJLp J^Ju o' >! ^W^' Oy^ !/ 5
.iljlij 15^*^ Col-> jJ>^ ^jJ *=4j.>li$ j fc 5^-W LT^
15 Lj JUi *bj-ftJ Jjj-* Jlj ^J^J ^o-iJb ^j-a*J iVl-5 15^^^***
mi e * j t + mi s j :c to*
O-i* ^ Ai^ L5^' ^^ ^^ ^1-5 !>^ -^i*^b ^*^
3. Text: ^ULc pU-^-
9. Metre ^.LaIjI, 621.
11. <Uiu*Jt agrees with -UjJI (spears) understood.
I1
S m to , * J 1 OiO * * i J* 0* '
j->JJt AAU J><>aJ1 JLA-J # aJjLjj .^-OLdt S J^ L>
jJaaJb ^^J J)jJa. j\ a. 3 # OjJa. S^Jai. SjljjJI I3JI3
J-J3JI 4-^-U *i>^)Ljl <jt # dju^l^ J-J3-M Q..U.a.J ^
W W ^ J ft 111 c
^.oj L5**" 4Jt *~' O^'j^ ^' ^J3-ol^Jt ?rj- U-^ 0>*^oJ'
ft t . * w w w
' s 0' ft m 3 l
ajjl Aiw jtjdb J03 Ai^UJI 0>UJ' ^j U-*^ 't^
JL J J w wy wl 0^
^-oliJJ JUi J3-C33I a^o-j >J^ iy^*" *^' J**** 0*^*3 M
* / j ft * ft *, 6 l * ,
1. Metre JLoli31, 606. The last foot of the first
hemistich is shortened to ^ v -, and of the second to .
' O * J * *
2. JI dJjJa*. J^^-J appears to mean, "whereas the
passing of (a person of) your eminence is not accidental." I
am not sure, however, that this translation can be justified.
The Leiden MS. and Aghdni (12, 7, 1. 28) read jjj jU*^.
3. Text: jdU-J.
s J
7. ^j~a jJIjlw, in the Jibal province of Persia, near
Kirmanshah. ^jj~s, the Arabic form of the Persian ^j
(Chosroes), is used as the title of the Sasanian kings of Persia
and in particular of Khusrau Nushirwfin (531 578 a.d.).
S)t aJUL> JUL, m I beseech thee to..." Wright, 11. 339 d.
8. j**$\ IjJb, his contest with his brother, al 'Amln, for
the Caliphate.
I .0
* fi/O * ' s 6 Z ' 'i " i - J 0' O * *
>}\~>*$\ O^i iV OU>^--<^ # *-J}Ji~6 15^*0^ ^^J Op
J s 3 j OiO # % it * i OJJ'iJsOjO 9 * 6 - H < '
5 w-s-a^wo ^^w^l voJu Trj***-* # ^of^ ^ J voir*' a-*"*" C o^-aJ
? *"' Or % J ,
J^O^ ale^.j ^ j^ J.^3 3jo^ v>J J>yi* Jj-^ 'J^
w. # J j z oi
*. ~ 1
1. This verse is omitted in the text, but occurs in the
Leiden MS.
,0* a *>
2. Jt jJbuoJI OlauJj ^)li, i.e., eminence is exposed to
destruction.
* < j
*Jt Olc^ w< ,i, i.e., with the venom of serpents.
4. Metre iu~JI, 615.
AotjJt for dXoljJI.
Text: ^jjJI i-fc^Lcij.
6. jJbUs ,jj aJJI JuP, governor of Khorasan for the
Caliph al Ma'mun.
4ijJlj. See note on 73, 4.
7. *Aftj ^, "so he drew up his leg to his thigh (and
alighted from his horse)."
UP
^lJnn Jli Jal^i JU5 yf& b Jlc jus juijit ^
+ * s 0' , *
U JUi a Z+m! Jijj^ ^5*^ CH j-** J^* J**J ****
^UifcJjl dju^Jli (^^ b J^u wJj^*>) 5
ju^U3b U3L.t iUjJLU # L~)1 .J C>Mh! O^^ 1 V>- *^b
#jA*a- Jlj U Jj ^Jl ^-^}
jo * o * * oi o Oio *
xO<0 * JO/O i Ct ' J Zi * ' t J 0>o * i it *
1. ^L-j^l ^5 ^^^)t, a proverb (Freytag, Arabum
Proverbia, vol. i. p. 94) originally applied to a she-camel :
"Taming before milking," i.e., you must make friends (or
become familiar) with a man before you can induce him to
do you a service (or, as in this case, before you can rightly
estimate his ability).
3. Text: ^ jl.
4. 5g a.t ^>j j>ixa?., son of Yahya ibn Khalid, put to
death by the Caliph Hariin al Rashid.
6. Metre JLjjlJI, 611.
Text: 4JLjbl^. According to Aghdni, 12, 9, 1. 17 sqq.,
where these verses are cited, 'attabi was married to a woman
of the tribe of Bahilah.
9. Text: l^Jix* ^j&*\- " The Commander of the
Faithful has choked me (with grief), as he choked them with
sharp swords." For the use of ^ait as an infinitive see
Wright, i. 1 29 d 130 a.
' - 3 i Ox * Oi * <o **t * 3 0* * ** 3 0*o wj
'Jo ^ o >/ - * * * Uri/J joj o o^jO/0 w
o * * * * * *
{ Jlsi\ y~a- j^JL^JIj >0 ^ h ; i . ,)l ^J AyJjtJ w^a-U O^J
5 ij***. Ji*)t ,>~fc. , ^; ^^j^oJ j> J^AJ w^'j J*S+3^
J < o + . ' + + * m
t^Wi *) 0^=J <JLw V ^5^ J^^ CH (.^H *-h^j ^j^J
3 * S. * 3 Z 3 //( * * *0 0* Of i I
Aai^j j^Xfc. pl^A'Njt Jjkt^ Jj| J&i. JUj U5t OjJLcj XwU ^J
0* * 03 ,30* il3 Jtf J'OP
1. Metre Jau..JI, 615.
sOl
Leiden MS. 0*J for Ojut.
2. ^e^JL^ ^ 5y+ , i tne famous poet and warrior who
belonged to the tribe of Taghlib.
3. Text and Leiden MS. a*jj\.
*JI djujj C.. Rabi'ah and Mudar, sons of Nizar (see
note on 26, 2) comprise among their descendants all the
North Arabian tribes. " The two clans of Rabi'ah " are the
Banu Bakr and the Banu Taghlib, who fought against each
other in the War of Basus. LB A., 55 sqq.
" '
7. jJU. jJ>j i***^' tne Barmecide. LIIA., 259.
8. Leiden MS. ^yoji for jj^.
* 3
10. Leiden MS. o\jJue\ for dl^Jsui^.
i . r
3 '0* ' S * ' *
^0- *J J ^ * x 0^0^ ji 3 I
Zt ' ' 3 3 - t OJ y^JOJ 3 ' ' , ,
j-a.Ll.j lj| .L-oJU ^jLj # ^-jj O-i-T* uijlij OU.U.) 5
Jt^ x ^ M 3 3 3* ' 3 < Or*
^j^-oJI lU fc-aj C-aw-^t iJL. O+XA ^\ C^3 Jil i*a3
* * J _ *
4SUj.ti lymJh A~U- *JlaJ *^:J- **^ ^ J-'j
XVII. AL 'ATTABl.
4. ^4 13. Wright, i. 266 c.
13. .-jUxJI, poet and rhetorician (died about 825 a.d.).
He was devoted to the Barmecides.
14. Text: ju-l for jju*.
! I
aJI jlwl^ ^-j^o^oJt j-wt b djufc ^LoJ J15 io^i bl V*Jp
J-*a*J O' L5-^ *-*5 C^V" "*' J*** ** * *** O-^ ^iaJjoJU
c ^ ^
,jl j^U j-~&b f-^ >oJ J^^W f-^ >* o-* J^ 5 ****
5 J^.jki jljjl ^>a.o ^cv^ Oj^.1 Oj-iJ lii ^)U '^L^J
^J* ,J*N)T 4JUj\ l#*
3A5 <u Jwi.li l.L> ^U^3 bl U* j3 ^J>v^ 0^3
u^j jjji ^Aau jj ^i> 1^$ ^.Vcfc-JJt ow ^y J-ja^j
10 b 9-I0 *.l-jJI ^^-o <ju~*J i^bj d J^ O* **^b ^t
jjcft U **J U J15 jjlaJjl dJ wA^IwU w~JI w*-lo
t- 3 3 * i
15 ^JH^ 31 L5 JI ***^ ^ v*** <3ii-5 Sl >^
*i 3 * * * 3 Z i- ' f ^ i
__
2. ^UJ. Cf. note on 86, 12.
i
5. ^o^y-j-Lft Oj^t, "it occupied, leaving no room for
them,...." Wright, 11. 172 a.
7. Text: L5 -^>.
13. -UI Jb ' j\. Wright, 11. 46 d.
16. Metre yiyt, 607.
r " '.
pUyo ^>*t, i.e., "have you imprisoned me on account of
my drinking wine ? "
!
XVI. ABU DULAMAH.
Ss <5 jo - J I
uJ 9 ^ ^ J J Is
^ 5 x J
*^* >o*J Ji* !/*- W
1. 4-0^)3 jj"i). Abu Dulaman was a negro who, as
court jester, enjoyed the favour of the 'abbasid Caliphs al
Saff&h, al Mansur, and al Mahdi.
i
4. <x~U is here equivalent to <U or to aJx J^.jJt ^j^.
5. Metre iu~Jt, 615.
10. Metre^iiyi, 607.
I OJ
^)LoJU, a legendary sage, mentioned in the Koran. The
Arabic version of Esop's Fables is ascribed to him.
s^Ui j-o^)1 u***-*J gf>^ *jt
j x x x o* * a* < o i, j* o j x
J - / i x OPx Jx J x xOx 9 x
^JyJ^.^ ws>^ {}***$ wJtj # AJ^AW (J^l j**<-iJ t* w*.Lo U
uJ x i*
J Ox J x o x p x
J xOx x wl %
^LJ c-Jl^j * * * ^)Ua U>*ij SjL*j wJUi C-y^j ^
ul X W w
10 ajyi \^\j U JUi c-Lwl jSj ohj** O^ *^-UJ' J^ ^z
*JLj ^Ut ^fj U jV j^t; cJIS 4*^.1 ^^L ^JLi
fb^ ^>-> a3 Ojo ^5**- ^xLLoJt juc dU^oi J^3 Ot^
3. Metre Jo^tcJt, 611.
itwltw ^3^, "oh, the man with a desire!" Wright,
ii. 217 c
4. Text: JJU-j.
J OxJ
6. ^qJL^c ^ A-^*- See note on 37, 3.
8. S^Lu. Sawah lies between al Raiy (near Teheran)
and Hamadhan (the ancient Ecbatana).
9. ^jJLjjl 4*AJI. The term iijU (LHA. t 121, n. 2) is
applied to several Arabian poets. Al Nabighah al Ja'di was
born in the time of Paganism and lived to a great age.
g2
,,0* JjO , J 0** i * ' *<
J , > oi * ' ' * '
j j j z , 0*0 * ' jt * * 9 * J 0" 3 * ,(
Uj^aJ UuJ ^jt JLoA ^> j.5tj^ # jjl ^^ w>LJI O^JJ S^**^'
j j j
,0' - O-o ,i t ' it *
J J J ' s * '0< * '
UjjAo ^j.^1 ^ ^ 3^ U^
j , x of ^- - *i Z' ' * , o*o o , * j o I*
J J * 0M> vt * J J * s 0' * OlO , 0,1
lAj-jjJ i-wl^Jt OLiJ 0>^ * ^b-3 LT^ *^.W vU*- U3|1
j)jjk* ^>o 4j!j U l5 ^J L; JUs UfcpdU ^^X* cJI ^2*.
oi * & # it
ly^o^Dj 4j IjjL^li 4J3-JJ ^-a^Jt Jjbl jlxxi U> >0 Lo 4Jt *}y*j
JO, JOJJO'Ot*' w f - *
O/Aw^ 15*^ C*t^>1 *^ U-^3 vo^-' O-* ^*^ s^jJaJti 10
g JUi UaJj <J>s*>\ 3 ><r JUJJt ^.U >$j Us dUi ^i&
1. This and the next three verses are wanting in Noldeke's
text. It may be doubted whether they formed part of the
original poem.
Text: UU.
2. UJ^J lLo. Wright, 11. 128 c, d.
3. ^)tj,a..;. . Najran is a mountainous district in al Yaman.
4. Text: Ub;yL.
o.i
6. *JI Ujjt, i.e., W I ran the risk of death to see Laila,
who was attended by her women."
1 2. 2)j> aAJ , " how eloquent thou art ! " See note on 1 1 , 2.
ULJ JUist l\y>\ LjIj U 0&3 K*j*J ^ l^ d -* A O**
<oji ^u,i ^ ^3 litis .^Jli ^ 1^3 J411 ^ i^
5 ^>Uo$ J^-^*- j^i^J LT^ # c^L ^A^^ ^3 ^jl ^j
rjl-o jJU\ w<ol> ^>-o l^*^* W * ^J i' 5-iLLJt ^ffjjXJ" C-p.L.J
AjjciJli 4j^j ^Ls djli U ^a*j lojwl ^JU L> lyJ Jli ^
5. Metre J^iJI, 611.
8. JNoldeke gives a fuller version of this poem in his
Delectus, p. 5 seq.
10. jji\ (J***^ '^** LS^" "^ ma ^e a vow to perform
the sacrifice (at Mecca) if her husband...."
13. Text: U lyJ <s ~j\ and U^ O^-
T. A. III. G
1
-j-ULaLlt (^ aJlI.^1 j^JLJ C-s^j.5 ^Uljt r^but ^
o e^ j o oi jo
^^JU*. ^fc ^^ ^ov^J"** 1 '* Ajla*..^! ^3^*-J djuj oLtf^J ^J
sZ+J3 ^JLs aJI Ojlitj l^Jt jUli ajjU. C-JL5I it ^^jc*
so ^ at * f S * I * * * o i * i
Ia-U- v > v -jt^ jj^-U-ibtj *l~Jt ^U^.1 jj-c ajjU- 0*U- ,jt 5
J( m - ** j-^oe
* - -
* * e- o * e* j mi ^ j 9 / t ^ hi to m j m * *
Utjk* >tjt ^ ly^ y~SJU # A-jU Jlkftl AJUt <jt 9-U^tt-l
j : - it io ui * ^ > i ^ j t/tj j hi -
L*l A . .* LyJb ^^5' ~3 # A^J> ^jt 5?-l*w-aJt ^ tit 10
uu3 suJuT >i tii Jojl # lyj ^jjf 6 uJf Jjjf J^ uui
Utji JjJ-J' J-5 V **-*t # A^.Z-=) O^-o *.U^aJt ^-w t^t
/ ^ JJ / Shi S J < ^ fi <
Ul^-e jj^lawj JVj ^J^W * A-.>-^>jLi 4J3 I ,Q 4 L.J JL-Ct
o^ h> ,1 *
O^j 3 ^^ 6JJS - O~o* f>- W *Jl JUb Uj^.t ^^U C-Jt i^+.
1. Text: ^>^ 5ju^ for *JJt jl^. The Leiden MS.
reads aJJI ju^>c.
8. Metre JuJsJt, 611.
9. Text: JJUu ^ and ijt.
11. Var. UUu for UUj, i.e., "gives it to drink (of the
blood of his foe)."
13. Lfctj ^..U*.*, "milk it to the last drop," i.e.,
slaughter their enemies to the last man. The suffix in Utj^
refers to
3 * *
0^=*3 0^2*2 ^ (^5^ *^>> O^ *- * * * ubj- V 1 J 1 **
,jl U a-Ut^ cJUs iol. JsJ^t J>jL> w^UJi GjU-
3)3 IjUbU. a) ^ o^=> ^3 '&* ^WU ^ 'Wj^-
ui j .- ** js^ ^ O/o^ j ^ * oi 3 3
* j ii ^ 1*1 0* * oi 3*0 *
5 t>J ^.L^c a^c Jli Lo^ <uJj &^i ^c j*as\2 '<u*J aJUt
* OiO j it 1 * 9 * ul * 3 * OtO 3* 61/ l> *
JS> *0>o O'O* ** to** * * 10** 10* 3* 0,,
jJ^LoiJI u ^l jt}\ja^ t )\ ^Js. \j~&$ # ^5^3 ^ c 3 U>- t^jjte *^
J * Jul J * 0-9 * * * * ul 3 * OiO * *
^0 - ul <9 0* * * 3 is* * * Si * 133 * *
lO^t^iJI (Jjw-Jt ^ w-wj-^j jlo*3 % 6)j2 ^5*^5 j^^ UjJ ^cue>
3 r* St * * 3 i *0*
zy*$ 'tli^Jt j)j} ^c aJJIj j^cl ^^LJ Lj ob>* V J^
3 0* 0* o * "
jjli= jjt^ Zjy OU j^aJ aJUI^i 'Jj^^l 4jLo^>3 '*LoaJI
3 * * oi- ui >*i
j^U .iUyi tliiJI <t=>)}\ <u)j ^^jIjl^Ij w>*3t OW** 0-*
ul 1 * * ul
O** cH^ ^ ^"^ ^ Sjlj^ 4*3^3 ^3 aJLaUJI Jlj^t
J/ ( 0( * 0*3
15 d^a*. jJ- AAj.i=Dl j^ol j^JS- 15**^ L>^ ^b J^ J"*** 1
J^wl ^ C ^
aJaUJI ^3^33 jtx^^l c)**-^' ?^r (^5^ ^r^M-^*^ *f*3
5. Leiden MS. d^c ^j J15 and om. J^J^JI &J ^~~o.
7. ^5 aXjL3. See note on 11, 2.
8. Text": '^LxJI.
0*3
15. tJ-Ji, the tribe to which Tauban belonged.
16. aJUUJI ^^3 j&*l Wright, 11. 75.
XV. LAILA AL 'AKHYALIYAH.
- s # ,0s vis-
it ^Xa^3 JU3 ^SCaJl ^>J Ol?J- j^r^ CJUo lyit JUj^
J * , OS- * * , , ,0'
^jl Jai ^Uj wot; Uj O^o5 *xJj U- *nJI C-Ji U
mm J
0^> 'w^b O-^W ^~*WJt lt*^ '-r^-^-J 1 A-^tjJ 5
cJlS U> aJUIj
^ ^ J ^ 10 * J 0* C 0' 1 *
# ^^-c O^ W*- >^>M Jji ^ \J^
, a*> , o , j o a - * o Z-
&J di- * , OtO j -"' OsOiO m+ m >
^e^ ** * mi t * i jj * t * t * * *
JId j-jP j^^-i dbjiJ ^)>oj # dJLx-i U*<0 ^ '**<?** J&** 10
1. *JI J^JJ- Lajla al 'Akhyaliyah was a poetess famed
for the elegies in which she bewailed the death of her lover,
Tauban ibn al Humaiyir, who was slain in a tribal feud. She
died in 707 a.d.
, , ,
^O^aJt j>J Obj-*' ^ ee note 011 ^4, 10.
4. Text: t&U^.
Text : w^aJI w>b ^jjj> jj-j*. ^ojua*^ j Leiden MS. ,>*
7. Metre J^t)t, 611. Leiden MS. UJ o^-
8. Text: ^JLt for ^^JLb, which is the reading of the
Leiden MS. For the construction see Wright, u. 70.
9. Text: ^.L, J^>.
J 1 * J J
10. dLjJU *$yo5, "to make fast his ties of relationship,"
i.e., to help his kinsfolk.
ir
ij^buo ^>J juj-j C^J A&U ^A ^^3 jJJI a>Uj *^w
Cx> * -- J w
juo *Oi U;j* ^^U .^UiJ A^jJ^b UJ^ ^^ *>Uj
^ < * J * * *
^Ul Jitt ^> j^ *-ojJt ^ cr^^li L5^P J^N*V v5*H*
j , ei z o *ot * , o , o
o w o .- <- ^
j^JJI AJUU C-wO IJkA iJ-wO^oJt j-wcl U JUi A&U ww->
j ^ s
10 Jj*^ ^JJt A5uU C-wo b
t^-ji aJ^S ^1 j^jy^ot L5**" ^ ^**
15 JUi aj a) 0j*I U J<*.Jjt ^1 cJlojt Ja ^-oj b Jli*
IjJbj Ia^Icuo aJ <Ua^ JUi 5WjJt U^3 AAsJ <U aj^.1
1. Aj^bc* ^ J*'^) second Uinaiyad Caliph (680
683 a. d.).
2. ja^l^JI j****. fj\, second 'abbasid Caliph (754
775 a.d.). *>jM- See note on 46, 1.
10. C-4-J', "quoting the whole verse."
14. Leiden MS. ^oj^JI JJuo.
u
ulft X J
J ul - J J J
JUi jUI c^aaj j-o ajI ja*j aJo* ^-i ^*-^ 0^3
i* oi * i it * * ,a* t + + S / j i * j ,oi a o * 1
* * f Ox
x Ox x-> x i x
a^ja^Jt ^^j JjJtA ,>* OW*^ yj *WI J^' LT "*" 'G*r3
x ji // x t x ox
UJi J^.t v6^J jtjjt jut ^JJ Jl.I i^Jlb ^1 ^j AaJlb
- o 5 js o x x c - o ft
aJI t^a*-> ^^Ji Jo^Jt .Jbj jJJJ' <w- dwtj JuiJ Ij3jj1 10
1. Text: Ub^; Leiden MS. L~&.
Ox
jUt C-wu, the Magian fire-temple.
2. Text: JjJul.
IjuUI stands for ^juUI, which is the reading of the
Leiden MS.
s x x * +* j mi
3. U-J>, equivalent to U-J>^~5I.
> ^ o i
4. c^^^'j a P ^ f the Umaiyad period (died about
720a.d.).
* o
5. ^jttfJ^I, i.e., he belonged to the Arabs of Medina
who were called al 'Ansar, " the Helpers " of the Prophet.
i x x
6. *->-jJ' J$i- 'asim was slain at al Raji', a fountain in
the territory of Hudhail to the south of Mecca. Cf. Ibn
Hisham, p. 638.
J i x x
9. j^*.t jiyj . The Moslems were defeated by the Quraish
at 'Uhud near Medina in 624 a.d.
II
c w o ,0
XIV. IBN AL MUQAFFA'.
- z o j e j j * #
^j- La..a.o O^J djUsL-c jSlwjj *>~^ OU-Lcuc <0j
^ dU>jl ^JJt JUi jjfciJI J^aj n)^ aJ J*5j jjtiJI J^i
JUi ^v-oa- aj^tj dUyt ^ "j^j^j ^JJt^ je^ia^J
# <uij ^. j^l ^,3 >t j^J Li
/ (J J * J OjO ii 6,
4. ii*Jt ,j^l, properly called Rozbih, a Zoroastrian
converted to Islam but suspected of clinging secretly to his
former religion, author of the Arabic version of the Fables of
Bidpai which is generally known as the Book of Kalila and
Dimna. He was put to death about 760 a.d.
5. Leiden MS. L,*JU for C+U*.
8. Metre JLjjLl, 611. W
9. d-wj ,i)^.. The art of poetical composition is often
compared to weaving.
J
<OLji ^>^, "one of those who have skill in it." ^hjU is
originally " one skilled in horsemanship."
c~*o~, U aJUIj UIj ^JUUI jut J15 tu ^mj^I 1*3 lL*
Xj wJjLo U AioU dUt *^J* tjJ8 ^>-o w'SfcC-l Jai ILw
Oj^j 'jl C.;>j ^Juit V^P J^ 5 *O^W -ufoUr U*
Ml X U( J V 'J
JUi .yi-oJI w>.m' L5^ **<A ^ J^ J^"J ^-**31
oLc. ^j o> 7rj*te J>^ c-*U U >iUi Jpl <0 JUi 10
Ox - Ox
c^l L^ 1 J^
^^ l^ jJU ^ 3t # J^JI T 3U^. J>^J' ^
C * x J J x J x J
>elS Jjli! UJli JjtffcJ-o c/^>^ 15* > A 'M* **i>^ W^
8. Metre J^bJI, 606.
X J J OlO Ml X
9. *JI J^^Jt .., the beginning of a poem by Imra'
al Qais.
tj}\, var. JJjOI.
^ x x J x J
13. The oi^nary construction is Zjujbo <kJ, the verb
being used impersonally.
14. Jttjj, For the accusative see Wright, n. 298 D.
, o wi ui ^o ^ o vj A
0^ J J vt J }
C^3 31 JUJI ^JUL> j^^JU ^j^ .yb LuJ aJLc Owoli
*.~j a^^x^JI JaI ^>o ^^i ^>l OjjUj^ v > jp*^ 15J
\jZL~. c aAJ J js ^jcsj^j <^'i V uMfcfrj ^JLxd UpUc
* < j j *.-* * j^
AJ La.* O-^'j.3 ^9j*guJ j lA*Lc %<T~-i ic*- ^MW Q**- j
10 jk*3 jjj a^U C^ifwli ^'jJt *;iU J*3t jJ> ^^ZaJI I3I5
J A * Ml -
a-JLc c^JtJLbl ^-aJI Jm^JI LoJli a*3 yb ^JJI ajIo oLi
lyj oJLii \)\$*!^\ *<5 O^cj^i AJt-tf^o jJ y* l^li
Ml A X *
15 c-JLii tj^pjuo A-Jols A*r=>j.o-3 v'^' Oo^ij C-Jp l^ 0U.
Oji ^ Lv* *i)W"H *** *^ * *^J^ ^hW ^) a3
-j * * e- * * d >m j a* * * *
AJ ixJ^ J^aLJI ajuiJ* JL&J4 ^J\ U^ji V^^ ^^-0<A
^sls <JCJJuj aJUI iJ^Aiil jj ^=^-j$ wJii aoI ^j-o
n
, 1 * t
1. \j~i5b5 ?-**4i famous Arab singers who lived in the
first century of Islam.
AA
O-i srt*^ Ujj^- J^ &ojh>JIj (wiw^j ^jt ^->Jc*.j JU>
4JLJ Ol3 3A L~i tu. djOfr ^oiili o'ij- O^ -^-oJ 1 Jy^- 5
iut ~3 viAJUJI juc JU* pUxJI t^j^lJJ jt d^J jV
Oj^JJ <sloxaIc ^jaJU 4A.jA.t3 fcjj.+\i 4JU9jt U Lx3t
wIC J 0t
j-r-ot W Ja.1 JB { JJu *lUt C^J <Jt lot Ji| J>^L)
^j\j jJls ow y 3 *J\ >) J15 wajj *iU ^*t JU Qt&tfrjl
e * j 0* , it
jLj3 oUb dj j-oUi OUo-w I1 w?JJj.> J3J-" J3AJ .-il&JI
,J* lyj jU.li .JU ^>4> cL^aJt AJjUJt Ut ^>Iwt^ 10
7. 4jtojt U, M how debasing it is ! " Wright, 1. 98 c.
AV
AjjlahJt sZ~Jj> j^> ^5^*31 VjAs ijt *T>J-~* wwJi Uj-ols
* *j**j o * e \* o i * j * a* o j oZ * *
0^ J Of fl a _>^ 0.. , j Jul *> '< *' i
J i >& *0* Jul 'J Si ' J a * 0*o JJt / j OtO wi
jAjJI l-^O J)j.AJ ^-^ # J^J-yJl J&**} J^^3I L-0
10 j3J tju ^t^r^-J ^ U * tjut l^^JLt U aJUtj
St m oc . m
&+Ss> L^a^ ^a3I ja. (^5^* ^W^' J*-' (^5^ *^ >o-^ J^
sJ+i+ j +M J-J^i lj <*->&! N) CJ15 4-Jol y JUi C~* 3A Ijli
4. Metre Jj^Jbdl, 611. These verses are ascribed to a
Pre-islamic poet, al Muraqqish al Akbar (Aghdni, 10, 128,
penult.).
* * t j *
<jU*j, probably to be identified with ^tj^l ^Uo*i, a
valley situated between Mecca and al Ta'if.
Ml X
5. l^. The poet addresses his two companions. Cf.
note on 26, 9.
9. Metre JLl53l, 606. Here the last foot of each
hemistich is shortened to ^ ^ - or .
j-j*t b ^jU^I ^J^ J15 ly^-oS ^J lyJLc jJlsI a.U.
j , si oi * **+ J c , o ^ e c * }
O-o ->^5 *Hte *-3 j^* : * J^ J**^ J^j 1 *ftM W*^ 5
b ^JLwU Uj CJ13 ly^-Uli ijjlaJI ^Jx J^.j^ rc..,JLa. <i
^tfji (^JIp (^ijt jJtd^ jS)\ L _ 5 JL^ IjjlaJt jubj Uj^.1 \^S.
^j^^bjjt sJ^aj \t} ^j U.j. t. t^jJui ^oUJaj U.> ^j 10
Ml J OC v J Ml
^5**^ J^ ^ C^JUi JU?jl 4j^-t j-t ^5 CoLo^i wwJaJlj
,, <j \ J OJ f+ i bis 0, ' Ji-
4. a3*)H5, diptote. Wright, 1. 241 d.
6. JUL* Uj, for (^b ,>) *,^ ^c dUJLft Uj, "thou
hast nothing to fear."
7. jdUl ,>* Wright, 11. 136 c, d.
12. Uj^U, a polite substitute for Uj-o.
13. Metre k.,,.Jt, 615.
. , , u
*Jt ju-cu jl, i.e., unless I die of love. Wright, 11. 33.
AC
XIII. PERSONS WHO DIED OR FAINTED ON
HEARING A SONG.
^ 9 ~i\)\ j\ Ojh> s*fij>\ t <X~C Ol^3 O^-o A-A5 Cj.3 ^>~0
2 0^ Mi
^^ *0j e- i t i
jbtw^l Ojjj Olr*^ w>1j3 bit ^yX-oil^ *^i^ ^^X^-b^
5 Ojui-li *iU-Jl jut ^>j J^ij-i *** Cotdji 4ojjJt C-Jbo
S ^ 1,0, , 0,
b wJli li^jji* aJI ^$JuJ at axJsLot ^jt j.*^ jL.t
~ o we-
, o i t- o
10 ^jk*i Oh j9%*r\t^nt\ ^ 4jjjk<JL> aIoU ^1 w*li *Jt
, , , o, e- - 5 .
aJI >r ^-l J ^j Jjwju ob ^J> *-*y 5 J-^ >n-^ J*-J J^>
ui c i , j
0&3 0***J*M J*" ' ^ L5^ ^ ^XaJl>. ^^U jjJit C~Jt
5. JUL^JI jLfP ,jj juJj, ninth Umaiyad Caliph (720
724a.d.).
7. Text: ^ ...n> for
C-s^. ^i ajjIjuo JUi <x~,\j j-ix- ^>j aJUI jlx wVJj^i
j c^ * j o j o * i o* o jo*
,0' Z ' 3
*+ *_ t * o , , o o * Z * '
O , J J W J ^
W A> J J
^ftjJUtj jAjJI J>L>3 <jUpt ^J^a
,Jjt JUi aJLtt.^ ^p*-J J*^-5 '^^ WjJ* aj_5^-o w>k*
J - fr w - 6- hi
t^t A^Jb j^^Ift. ><r L **J -y-O *N) JlSj ^15 ^ *->3j>
'. m
^>-o w>^j a5L3 j^> "^^t dj-i*j jA3i. ^jj\ ^J\ woud
cc a w J w
w>l^jl SjJLft^ jtjj oUb ^y^o J.g Jw=> ^1^ AjLo u^U.
.l/u'allaqah of Zuhair ibn Abi Sulma (Z//.4., 116119).
Jl j-i^l V&I ^>l, "is there any silent trace of Umm
'Aufa's habitation...?" ^^\ j*\ was the poet's wife, from
whom he had separated. *~\j jJI ajU^a. and ^UU^Jt are
place-names.
7. Metre k t ..>;)!, 615.
Ar
ul at nl i ' m uJJ ft lit '
^ii ybj aJUI ju^ 5p1^.5 ajjU^ ~o-w J^-Ut >' O-* O^ 5
* I at * J 5 J il
Jjjt AjjU* ol ^ J-t^W OW*j jV^W i)>U ^3 5 s^>*
5 jus jjs> ij~c jisuli w*A3l ij^Jui. <a-oUJ JUi 4-LJ Ol>
5 J ft ft J i
jj-o J^ ^olSli d^*.li w*A*xi aJt ^ajj&^j oj^.I^ <UJt
J o , j
aj$U*o Jli O^ wJ*s>..4 JU IJ^A O-* w^i^ J^ *^'
w , J , J J
J ui * 0* at
\S^^i \J^-J e^Jcw.^ JU t^xA ,j> jj-J^-o JUi J^-j
J ft d "
ft * J O * J * Q s i- J
dj-oli ^Jt^Jt ?*-JJ^ 7^5* <J^5 AH^>3< ^)l ^.j^Xs j*3
>l
I- UJ < J Ml
i ** iOiO* *t Ci iO o ' C> s s s ^ si wj c J
1. o*J\ 2usJ3 o-- Cf - LHA -> 72 and 119, n. 1.
3. C)\SL*, "in place of."
9. The verb j**\ is sometimes followed by the imperfect
ft
instead of ^j\ and the subjunctive. Cf. Kor., 39, 64, and
infra, p. 86, 1. 12 and p. 87, 1. 8.
16. Metre Jo^JaJI, 611. This is the opening verse of the
p2
AT
OtO Ci OtO 3 * " J JOi il Ct 3
IjlJLJI^ ^J^JI vO-a* 5 # L^^A-Cjl 0*-J jU w>j
rtj o - o-e <i j * * j o o * **
IjUj ^Jt ^ jilt # l-v-^^.^ j^^-b L^
voUJsJI jj^ oju ^>a*5 j^^*- dJLt aj^U^ v >fcU Jli
^ 4JUI Jut oJ JUi L>^-b \jof$\ d ^-J^ *-r>^} J"**^
O ^ c ? c *, 0, oi J
AJpli voLiJL Ajjbuo .Jit j.Axfifc. ^ 4JLJI jut ^jJj J15
i W i
4Jm >' O^ ^* KJ A *!/^I O-* /r^ts *^Vs* J^ i*
Ot3 c.-g-e fl aj ftbtc ia-jj iJoji CUo ^u*-U JAJ3 lUi 10
Aj^U-c Jl OtU^-S jAA. ^>-> 4-Ul Jut Jut iLt 3JU
j
s-oi ^3^- *1^-S *iU>j.- jb iji *^P'j ^Oj ^ta>J
1. jO w>j. He describes the love in his heart as a
blazing fire. This verse has been imitated by a Moorish poet
of the 11th century (Dozy, Supplement aux dictionnaires
arabe8 under juA) :
S0O, * 6 o-s / jo J 0^ 0^0a JsO* * 0} 0*
2. tjOj, the zone or girdle (favapiov) worn by Zoroastrians
and Christians.
10. Text: i^ji.
J^jdli *LxJl clo-' ;**- H ^ **-^ (^5^ *-r*s*J A^jl**
jfju 5JU j-o-i dLoj^t Jj.;i l.l. JU3 ^e UU aj1**
A-Lw v^Af^S jljct JU. tLi. djLLC *-o-~3 j.> ^J dJUl Ju-
-* J O s t> M
5^515 <UJI jus lili Uul djtjo J* J*JJt jA.t jj-o o^ajt
ybj c>V j **l J^fr=*>^ JUi <su*lji s - oV-.^ J oiS^i .JLsu
2 5^p mi o e .- ^
^t 0I03 UUL aJ j^I ^U3 j>**- Ch' A^ W* ^<rva-^
10 O^J ^jtfjt *)ja*J ^eUJsJt ^i dju Ix-ot^ AJ3U-0 w-otj
WJ Ml Ul
J / JJ <S ^ Ml * w
dj w^ai , H L j AJjbto 0^3 *^j O^ ^5**^ J**^ (^5*^3
2. **AJ3 ,j.^ UU, "one year of that (period of time)."
5. JJUI jnJ o-- Wright, 11. 136 c, d.
7. J^p...ljiii., Kor. 9, 103.
12. juj ^ ^J^j a poet and politician who was put to
death by King Nu'man III of al Hirah (580602 a.d.). He
was a Christian. Cf. LEA., 4548 and 138139.
13. Metre Juj^l, 620. Here the last foot of each
hemistich may be a spondee ( ).
T. A. III. p
y* jor& j**h Cm> J^ 1 J^ W3 isibJ V^j l^i^
^ LoxJI ^o ^3 ll^j Ij'sU. j^fe ^J\ ^bj^uJ
J15 ajjUI ^ J15 oJ~5! ^jj ^c JUi Ctjil *-UL^JI
o * o ** /((
^>lj w^ e^ ybb) **y*3 ^+&~> j^L* ^ ^^-o
^^-o^ ^ S^> jjyi.1 ^jlo V^i ^3 ^5^ ^ ^
XII. 'ABDALLAH IBN JA'FAR AND THE
CALIPH MU'AWIYAff.
^Aa-xJI J^ mU ^y) JuJLw Ojk. j.A*a- ^y> aJJI *X* jW^I
u^ J 1 * t^j*W^ O^ ^ Ch r^ v^ J-fc J 15 ^^
6. ^jJI is a conjectural emendation. Text : j^-JI.
f
9. Instead of jw>Zt the Leiden MS. has *ijl.
10. Text: Vj-^ 1 ; Leiden MS. jj*Jt.
* o *
13. jax- ,jj aJUI jut. See note on 41, 12.
14. 0^*t- The province of 'uman forms the south-
eastern extremity of Arabia.
jj iJsuPj Jk..a>^3 ***-aJ V*w d'^-d ^ji 0-^3
j , o i o ,
JUi w>*JI wJa.l C~jl a^U-c <d JUi J^^j J^33 j+=>jo}
*OjjO, JO w ^ ^
>^- O*^ 2 ^ **^' 0^3 c^^b 0^1$ ^o3f * ^3 jjLa*.*
tjJlw dJulka. - *-**-! SjLw*N)l 5*~J- v!W ****?- O^**^
o , i < ^
- - w ul / / J f 10,
Jaj j^i ot^ ^ ^^jCo dj^3 t^JJt J-ao UI3 Uj^
0^3 AjL-Jt tfLJjO ^>J J-A^ .-.U Jc-I JuJj ^jj A.Ugucw jJ^J
I^UJ j,r^aLl\^ Olyl^tj ^lj w>^' w>L^ ? {j ^Ul ^ll
5 ^ Z , t 0, i *t-
10 JU> w*~Jt wJU^j w>*M w^btc ^>p ^^^3 !>**-3 j&^^S
aj$U* 4J JUi Jao ^..m ?3 ^)lLo w>. Jt i_ji J^J UJ
a , i, j , vi , * ui, * ,
15 L5*^* """^ **** *U^ ^ U , u> kJL-o jut .yj jj> ^31
-> ^ ^ i , , ~>
j^s- wJi 5J ^JJ ^Jjl ajjIa* aJ JUi aaU ^.o ,>1j.3 w>j^
ft d-' * 2 , oi- i.
UU.I3 ^^Jj UUI3 IjlU8 C-ol; y ^J> ,^U l~t tjJb
12. w>- Ji. Harb was Mu'awiy all's grandfather.
16. Text: Sjjb *<&\ 3 .
to
18. IjuA. Hind was the mother of Mu'awiyafc.
VA
*^UJ ^>i^U? Ohj&l ^*vJ^=> * aJW-ot -*H v*Vtt *M- \Jj3
" j so* o * j a , *
CjU j*. Uj-wlj w>x)t w-Jsui. ^yi dj^3 ^J^' Ql.;^..j Ut
.* J * J
v^ <~**j+4 j&3 &>* ^i j w h . t*l u^3 * ,ju> ^
^31 a>1 I5j* J~-~j O^i JpVfMwl j^i jiCij ^Jj ^^..^.o
^ow^"^ ^Llj*. ^>- jJj dL+Xz jbj3 Sj^U-o ^jt JUL*. j*^ 8
j jl^JI <***{ *X->J .>-^i ^jLa w w*Abj O^*^ O^ ^<*H
^Jbo JUi a*.U J^j^i bleu*! l^i ,jl> a^U ^> wm^uSI
^ o * j j z jo
lyj ft^A? U ajjU* JUi ^3j' ^*t*2 Ltf^ jJ t^jJaJt JUi
jJa.i-j>. JUi ^^j-i ^9-^-2 1-oXJ dJlaJ djuo dLaj <aUj 10
^o ^ o . o ^ o ^
*^ AU J^J ^Jj A^JI ij^ Oj^G. ^J\ Ai /a*J ^j&* ^
ul * C
jU,i o 1 \J S Ju*Vft o4iOi ,v o** J^ ^^ ^ 15
^ t t J a> f .
jCUl ^Jk Jlii 5'^LaJI ijjl3u> aJ JUI t**^ ^ f^
1. Text: sJ>lo.
17. Text om. ju^^j . . . i^U* aJ JUi. The Leiden MS.
has j*J3 instead of j(fmj& .
S'^UJt. See note on 46, 9.
vv
J * ' ' 'tt 3 * " -Z >* * 3 3 vi iO t * 3 3 0^
j . o w j o -.- o^ o jw jo ujija xOxS^ot
jJU. ic-^Jb w^iiwl JUsxaJ O-* * A-31-J w^ O-^ 1 ^^*X3 3I
^i*> J15 Ol**^ v>^ l i J** 8 ?- 5 ^J 'b-*^ ** ^\*3
*~*ji *$3 *3 ] >J *$3 JUJ' >*** ^ ^*3 '*** 0^3*3
, , Oi * ~ J w
5 ^^a-ob C-s-Jj u^W' b $\>13 J^>^ C^Jj J^iaJI O>o^
mi jo 3 * oi i p Ji
dUI 15-J3-S O-^-b Ja-J*1 Ulj ^^o'N)! j-fciJI A-Jij.^
i ial J J " ' 3 '
duJ sJj*A> U J^J 3^31 Jit^3 *UAaJI w-oJ^.j ^>IftJt
^ i m/ i 3 oi
i? x5 j op 5J/05--J 0/ ox 5 ^
10 N)jt Jjt otju,t U) j^=>> # O-*- 1 -* V^' JiJ-^ jm**
* *l 3 /W x ^ w J*
x x x x O0O , * , "
1. Metre JL.UJI, 606.
J x Ox
>jUaP Jilw. Mercury is the planet of the scribes and is
sometimes represented as the Celestial Scribe. Abu Tammam
means to pay a high compliment to the literary talents of his
friend.
it <* M3 , * i/ oi
2. tj-JI *XLjJ> jt, i.e., if you had lived before Khalid's
time.
3. Text: >j\$a*o U L.
10. Metre J^lJt, 611.
^t J^l, ''in regular sequence."
1 1 . Text : j~+ji ; Leiden MS. Juj . Sahbanu Wa'il of Bahilan
died in the latter half of the seventh century a.d. Daghfal
ibn Hanzalah was a celebrated genealogist contemporary with
Sahban.
VI
fy O! JU jfi J~>3 *J* *^ L5^ ^ L5^ J^>
jJbUI >iJ^ J^-LP' J-*~Jh J>^*M jLw^t ly^i Axjjt <**wt
i x . J ' 6- -
UI3 dpLcL*^ <su^-d <*wli j^UJI Juj^I Uli J.-0UI >-o>3t^
A^ili ytUt j-*i)l Utj d*Uacj 0>*w <*Lw!i jA>tjJt jA^Jt
w v J mi * i
j in^rtS 4im^ <tyli joUt ^i^ ^3 dtL-oj dj^j 5
,0 * s * jZ *J ' .> o
WJ Hi 0^ ^ 2 Hi
j=>>5 4-0UJI3 i-dlaJI j-5 IjjJ XL* j^Ut <jl- tjJU. ,jl
Hi Hi Hi -
4-J'^xJI jJ jjs. ^j j^JI j.5 J-jjud aJ ^^J JUi L~ jJU. 10
O^J iftU^JU jt^aJlj w--~JJ A05UU UyHrf Ool=>*
j 5^ j * z * * * 2 * i "
s * * * ^ ^ C. ^ *vc
S * J JO
8. tjlyto ^j jJU. died in the Caliphate of Abu '1
'abbas al Saffah (750754 a.d.).
13. Metre Jo^bJt, 611.
15. >oU- y>\, author of the Hamdsdh (died about 850 a.d.).
t * m
^v 4 ^' O^ L5^' a P oefc wno was a ^ avou " fce boon-com-
panion of the Caliph al Mutawakkil.
vc
Hi U* UJ i
XI. SOME ARAB ORATORS.
' - * ' - *
j~o[$ pm*iZ**$ Sclavs j-*^oJt JUVAJ ^jl dJ^ot j-li dUSJU*^
o r4 * , s. 1
duXs- ^-o'j <*JJt JuaJ j-r^-oJ' dJULoU dJuO *XaU ^3-*)
2. ^LilaJt, followers of the Imam Abu Hanifah (died
767 a.d.).
3. aI&IgJI, followers of the Imam Malik ibn 'Anas (died
795 a.d.).
jS3. Cf. LHA., 224, n. 1.
4. _>L^ ^j ^)-j*^wt ws.LoJI, a celebrated vizier and
patron of letters (died 997 a.d.). See Prof. Browne's Literary
History of Persia, n. 93 94.
tCj.Z**)}\, died 1143 a.d. See Huart, History of Arabic
Literature, 167.
r^lj-jjlj . . . JJlIjt . Al Farra (died 822 a.d.) and al Sirafi
(died 979 a.d.) were philologists of repute.
6. duJZ, ^jj w^w died about 780 a.d. The text has
3 * . *
I i .> *i , , j
dLoj.=t\j OjJx*.\* J^d^Z^JI \J}$ 3$W\ ^^ L5*** W**
^JL>3 ^bj^euj lyJlAt 1x~jj iL-Jt jlyJst^ <Ufc J1 ijj Jli^l 5
^oyiL^I^ aJjJoloJI j-jA^-9 0-*3 ^ov*** **J^ j-^1 &*^|L>N1
tf * ^ ^ /(J " ' 1 A
^W* CH j-***3 j-o^**J' <>J J-Wj i*jl. ^>-> J^a-^3 f^os- 10
wJkl^j sJjSU} jb>JW V**W i^T**** ^.fr* >^b lt*^'
p w< i o ^ * * oi i
ls^ S*b l$***M ^'---' , ^ l ^ ! 3J+*- L*t' Ch Ch?
t # Sit W'0 o^ * i I - - >
1. J.%1^1 (847861 A.D.).
8. JI aJjZx^JI j.*AtLo 0-*3- The correct form of some
of the following names is uncertain.
11. Text: >l^lt.
12. Text:^^ W >1a.
^^il, var. ^i^Ji.
Text: ^>~ aJt ^jl^ and in the following line iU*!^.
14. g^i&l o W JJ. Z//A, 376379.
vr
*J / f , z , * + I
.j
11 ^ lT** a5 > jt ^ L>t"*- ^o*-'' ^^ \Ji>
J ^ I
j^i Aj.JLft ^^frfrl O' L5^' JW~JW Vj"*** *V >^ ^' AJ^U
Zj~t> O^J Ob"*^ d^**^ J**^ sth *$)** ^*}\ J^3 J-o--
J J s 2 0* 2 vt , '
vt at < J 6jx^ J
JlSj &a.*n ,j- j^.kl U ^v^^i Jpl^3t ^33 ^tfux-oJI
* ** o j t a - x o ^ tf
1. o>M (813 833 a.d.).
3. J^** O^ * o * 1 > founder of the Hanbalite school of
law (died 855 a.d.).
4. iSjJI, on the Euphrates, opposite the battle-field of
tiffin.
It (833 842 a.d.).
11. JJjiyi, the Caliph "Yathek" of Beckford's romance
(842 847 a. d.).
vr
\ * 0, * * -IP * J
wl JO/ 0/ 0/
0**y*4 v~? Aj} ^*>4 C)3 JJL i Os*!>iJl O-^ *!>* vV O^*
oUi'Jl 6b ^ >-* -*> jUM J*o O* Ob f^=* ^b
J J - / < Ori
*-+&\3 o-~ *^ Ob *ls-* >3***<>-N ob *^iVn ^ vpj
<ulJJ jj>\*3 5La*-> y A31JJ ^. ^bu <UJt y^lj oW 1 ^
w*AJ^ J>i ^3 { jjJ>^J\ J 15 * * * ijjJ ^ 3 ^X*j *n)
JUJkaJl .J Ijuji* <uc aJJI ^j .yiiUJt jly^lj .j~>j*J1
JJ 5 ' O'^Ml
j ?J i^ill <j!j j-wJb .-xiLiJI ^^.li Sj^^-wo j^^jJt ^ju
/ * * r * *
J*AA ^t jtjJL? ^>* w^yi Ol^ 1 <>^ J*^ jMJ lV lD
0^ jdc * i i
jp^ .\ ^j^j j*y\ 0^3 ol^' <j^r j^J' J^ >b
10. juijjl, Harun al Rashid (786809 a.d.).
11. .-xJLDt, founder of one of the great Moslem schools
of law (died 819 A.D.).
13. JjjJLbL-* JM Concerning the controversy as to
whether the Koran was created or not cf. Ll/A. y 367 369.
ul * fO
^Xd JJji&JI O/o^-lj Ol^o^JI C-s g .i.^1 15*** W^ ft t^jLj
0^ 2 wl p ii J * w - 0-
J 15 <**u jJ>li IjJlS lyL>Lot aJJI 0>* c v>* e>*^ ^-^ W^*-
5 ,*U3 jk,aj ^juxll tjJ8 >ojJi ^ aJUI ^jj &+.<o J^5l *})
X. THE MU'TAZILIYAH.
4. IJL^. for ^>JL- (energetic form of the imperative).
5. Text : ap, j .
6. Text: oW*4t t^li.
8. ^Lki\ ale's) ~j o-*- The ^Ld\ *y ("the
Ode rhyming in I of the non- Arabs ") was composed by al
Tughra'i, who died about 1120 a.d. It is so called in contrast
to the ojjJI aIo^ of al Shanfara (LHA., 326). The com-
mentary, in which this passage occurs, was written by Khalil
ibn Aibak al Safadi, who died in 1363 a.d.
J * J i
dUpCoJI, the Rationalists of Islam. For the origin of the
name see LHA., 222 223. An excellent summary of their
doctrines will be found in D. B. Macdonald's Muslim Theology.
J^JjJt ju oU.1 a.3 LoJ aXJt ju <JJ jJl*. ,jj d^^l ,jt
^o O-^ JJUU *u.Lo t>Xl5^ a^jJb Adjlj^t JUS ^1
*i * 1 2 0* i 0*0 1 "
^JI^JIj l*/* 51 W cj^ijai ul^-3 ^U^> ^Ul J^4t 5
^ij.L. w>jJl3l L^xXj .< 5JL3 L^-ji JujJ *r>*^ C^Jl^j
j e * o i ij * sot
w,^-a5 oL-Jb l^JL^s*. ^> ^ y^ m J^ 0" T-J^^' O"*
U Jli J^aj U a) JliS O-J^i-oJ 1 M CH> ** ! J^J
-i * o ~ i e- vt
2. Adjtj^l. See note on 15, 1.
3. { jjlil\, u of the tribe of 'abd al Qais."
9. StLJ)\ & ls&. See 15, 1 and LHA., 213.
i> U$ H j1 Ij. The Kharijites refused to acknowledge
as Caliph any one whose principles did not meet with their
approval. Consequently the leader of every Kharijite sect
was the rightful Caliph in the eyes of his own followers.
12. 4^3U Nl^ aJLpI^wNI. In reply to the Arabs, who
claimed to be the descendants of Ishmael, it was alleged that
the non-Arabs, particularly the Persians, were descended
from his brother, Isaac. Cf. Goldziher, MuhammedaniscJie
Stvdien, 1.144 seq.
11
\y>}i JUi <uU ^l 3 ^^c ^Xiy jSyJt Uli J^l lyjl yll
oj o ^Jdti-
/^Jl Jiljl Stj^Jb ^j\> UJLi iLj.^. .JLkl C^tj Jbu.
5 j*c\& j\ \33j3 Sj-o-w ^lj ^j^3 iilH ****' <*-^ C > w
o o j o *
d3}{+-* djUi-lj AA^aJ^ dJJbj^ 4.5CJ) .-9 ^r-^AJl J^C- }j
, *t * t> i ~o * j o j
^>j aX)\ j.+s. jOfi- ^Ut ^>j O^*** ^fl* Oln*-*- a^J^
aiL L*i aJUI >* ^ Ol4*- ^ J 1 ** ^ j.JuU aJU
10 3^JJt a) J-jSi **uL U.J aJUI j!& J-> j-U a) JUi
UdUi. 03)>^3 U5j-b ,j^a*.~j ^,aj J 15 aJ 3CJJ5 ^-^
UU O^J l-JIfc j-^ O^' l5>^^ ^Wj 03^3**~i3
, - * &j i s j
*JLblAjj ^JLJLoAJ w>UM IJJ8 ^Jjju dUbt wu> U JUi
tjJISj Ai^l ^ a5j^? n) ^JA c-JIk U ji ^J JUi
1. lyJU.l. The feminine suffix refers to glJ>aJt or is
* (
equivalent to j-^)l. Of. Noldeke, Delectus, p. 11, 1. 10.
S>
2. *JI ^J^jI, "I will charge myself with that number
to *
(i.e. \jxi) of them, and even with what exceeds (or is more
effectual than) that proportion.''
14. -iJI 'jJ^> This story is told more fully and *with
some discrepancies in the Kdmil of al Mubarrad, p. (557,
1. 8sqq.
: a
oca o + v , -.- . | j
lyJaaLo U^Ji W**"' ^ ^3 ^*^ L5^' -"Of* -0 *W w-lxa. J 5
tj J/^t ^ij &u r5t3 gii ^*i o^ Wl>i ^
l^i J>JjJa)1 SjUfij J>>-J1 **^ !/** f*'j U J-^'
tf*^ ^' ^^ ^ ^^ & ^ j] w * iato ^ , J li5i OSS*
2. Prof. Margoliouth suggests that jLaJt J>j o^ may be
rendered M the cook's path," i.e., the space between the guests
and the wall, or between rows of guests, through which the
cook, who sometimes acted as waiter, brought the dishes to
table.
12. -JI .j-O) ^-'> " m y half-brother, my maternal
uncle, and my client ! " i.e., "do you expect me to consent to
j i
the massacre of my own kinsmen 1 " ^J IJub J>iJI, or some
such words, must be supplied before L JkA,
J ""x W
13. iJt C>.M, "I imagine myself killed in defending
them," i.e., " I will die before I let them be killed."
1v
J yl x x x J
w J J z Ox > x
ox A, * *
^i a^JI Jl Cv5->^ J*f* O- ^J w^x Jls U>
J' oi o Ox o i vie-
5 ^LXc ^as.\ jj-o.9 >-&** J^*-U U^ju 01 jJLc J-/}LJI
x ^ x xC J _ x x 0' w)*0
Ox j a j s x
^ a3 t^jus aj ^^ l^ 1 *^ 1 ^ Jbl ^> ^W ^r*^ c*
ui Ox J
10 l^ls IjJb ^o Jls SjU. <4j Oj-o tjt IJ^fc j.^o- j>j siU
oUjtb lj Jls ,->Ji t^Jls Ijlj oU^s tj Jls ^j.3 \ 3 i\3
J xx ,- I J Ox
U cjuj pI-Ij U *x*.Ij aJUt JU yb Jls jJ^o Jls t^lj
. Ox x J JOx 2 x Ox
^ t^is uui ijj^xo^ ob v*%*n ^y v<rv^^
5. Ul Jlc, "(they are ungrateful to us) notwithstanding
that we..."
^^jd. See note on 34, 14.
Ox J
7. ^ffrtxfc. ,>j siU, a traditionist of Mecca (died 717 a. d.).
12. Text: *li U J^l.
11
9 J J ,~
hi x j of of
ULocI ,J- O"*** -**^ ^'5 A***' ^fr^'j J^t >a*^
X X T. X
J 6* ' * Oj X * X X Of HI J
.-3 lyiZij ajIjuj lysfc-^j JULJH^ lyj O^**-* ^oUl-lj ly^-AJ 5
j ^ of ui Ox jo hi x f
x nix hi J / J/J; Ox 5 x
W JO J Ox
Ol3 ^5 -^J/^' AA-Jj JJ JJ) 4jUj h^-t^ JJtJ lyj
xOj fixJ OJ Of _x x
w>jjJJ o^ ^ O^JOI ^3 J^J^I Dll3>3 >W^ ^ <S> 10
XOX X X ^XHlJ XX X 9X
^^y-Jj lyJUi -**i3 \Y~e\}i jv&-i3 Ujt^, -**-J ^^
Ox x J , x
Ly J^ ^3 2*U* ^V * > " * ^5 ^J O^ ^b Vt**~'
J x x Ox h! W Ox
^psfcjUt <sui ly^jlw jJ>j jjtiJI ^>-o O^ ^* *^ 3UUJU
Ox x x Of ,S .if
Ui e^jj^b OJ>*' 2513 * * * \j\m2A j*$jM O* ^>3
U Hi J X Ox
w>l5jjli=> jjb Uili ^-*J' j^^ *r>*J' ** J- 3 *-* 5 l5^' ^
j ' x j 2 ,
3. Text: ^,-0^1.
8. Text oin. lyj.
Text: JJUJI Oli.
17. -U! o^! > V- See note on 65, 3.
To
)* * 3 0' +* -J O 3" 3 3 ' '
J>' *l$~' u~t^* O^^-i *r , ** a - 0^ O- v fc 3 /?*>*-^*3
Jic J**\ jJj O-* ^*-^ u^3 '** O- 6 ^A^*^ 5 J-^ (^5^-
oi * 3 , i
t^JJt J'^U'^t ^i-U ^>6 J-!>*Jt J** O^ J-** ^5^ >** *
o ^ . os
^JJI^ >iLU vJJI C~J <Ua.J ^J^tj *iU- w-ftJI t>^ >*
j j oj 0^ o - ,
d^aJlj J^aJI O^t*^ Olttr* d * L^j^b J** *-*" AJflUj-0 ^5
2 ^ ^ ^ ^0/ 1 * j *
%~0 jJi> ^J\ ^jk* As^jj Ju*.^J ^JJ! j^il^Jl^ J^aJI^
L5^ lt^^-S ^^'^ , 1,^4*^ **0 L5 3 ! ^** O 1 >*>'
^JLrfc. U j*>\ ,jjJ ^- <ubli ^^JL/j^Ij jLj^I U* jjli
3. iJI ^^50 j 3)3. The apodosis (^aO, "it would
have been sufficient," or the like) is omitted. Wright, 11. 8 c.
5. ouj, "and how (can you claim, superiority over us
in regard to empire) ? "
6. >JJ*Jt J~z t>^ >* See note on 47, 15.
" '
7. <*Jo*J, "married to him."
f 3
14. UJLfl5 b>A. Hud was sent to the people of 'ad,
alih to the people of Thamud. LHA., 1 3.
Text: oyKopM.
T. A. III. E
IP
.^aJlis j-j-aJ ^^Z*. oJ-o j X^J^S ^\ lil*jju ,jjj
J J Jl Mi
-J . o
^oiw^ A^U 4jJt ^^Lo ^ffjJ AiP ^^V ^JJt 5 L>*N)lj jA\
W J WJ- W W *f
w J + o , j
^jjuu Ja ^a^jOt ^J CJIS <jl U^jw>.l J^UJ d^.U^JI
fcjUJlj ii^lji)! o^ 1*1-4 u^J^I J>U U oj^ j& OJ15
O^k O* **"^ 15*?-^ JAJ >cUJIj Sj-wlis^l^ AiJUojOl^
W * i i ' is J J JO
t^^-iJI iilxo iJUj ^JL-4 u^)l ^JLU ^JJI jJuLI*n)I *iJUU
c^;*^' JiJufc. j^^ iy>> ^UJI ^>-j UJui. d*tj^ O** '.3
p^ c-J lit Jfc. Jj ait j^ \)i* \JL is
2. *Jt jfim ^ Am^ s j^J^. We raise no objection to your
boasting about your ancestors (although the Prophet has
forbidden you to do so), but we controvert the arguments by
which you seek to prove that you have better grounds for
boasting than we have.
13. ^ju^Jt ^>IJ, Kor. 18, 95.
OJ ,
14. ijtjJ, feminine as referring to JiJU., 292 (6).
15. ^j^Ljui...\1\ JZL, Kor. 21, 96.
IX. THE SHU'TJBIYAH AND THEIR OPPONENTS.
J St J id C ^
^ft^LJI^ S^LoJI aJU i-^3t J>*^ La-aJ^-lj J^-tj Jj-j
a id * 0* 1 * I* * e oj
j**>$ ^Atol st^X> ^~~>3 j9*>3^> ^^> **-i O^l* 51
w-A>t aJUI ^)l ^Ut I^jI <J^J ^J 4**t ^^ P^J ,pl
J ,* x .^> & J *, ~ * s id -
O** J*>h **>*$ Jft^^ feW^W lAp^ij AJUblaJt 5^aJ ^,^1^
5 J id
10 I03LJ ^ ^33 Ijji^i N)t ^li ^-UjI <UJt j^ ^^oj^I
i
1. Ajuyt^Jt, a sect who maintained that the non-Arab
Moslems were equal, if not superior, to the Moslems of Arabian
nationality. See Goldziher, Muhammedanische Studien, 1.
147 sqq. ; Professor Browne's Literary History of Persia, 1.
265270; LHA., 279280.
Of hi - <
4. ^lol ^J^Jo ^yu-jj, "and the meanest of them
carries their covenant with him," i.e., extends protection in
j j
the name of the whole community. Cf. the phrase .Jlfc j*a->
^Alol ^>**JL*wJI, Glossary to Tabari under j^*..
5. sb^J' *- This took place in 632 a. d.
9. J4uS..Jcijif Ol- K r. 49, 13.
10. The subject of Uj^L^j is^a^sdl, which must be supplied
from the context.
Lajju O^J Jyu ^-w.31 w>^**i Lb J15 dbl *&* j*y
^.^li J15 j^jJj w-wUi ^U-j j^^o-^j l* Wd l^' JUsu-aJIj
x x" _ *xx xOx *xx Ox yi
^jJ JUi JojLi^J b^JuL* Xo aS^J UJ aZo <^- .Jt
JJaJt Ojudi J15 JsUaUiJb dl) oJL^ O-* i^ 1 j ^ J-*]'
o x i it i % j i,* ,1
J * * J w
^,-9 CJi 3j*oJI^ jgljft..a.ll ^o ^JJI j,...a>J1 c*dUb U^
* 'f * x J . * xj Ox
UJ ^jl 13 ^Aj *jJS^ J^ (^5 J ' ***! 0>^ 3* 15-**
a J 3 0, Oi Si x ol* f
aJC^JI Ooiijj Joju-frJI CJUUfci JU <sui jjljt &j*ol>*$ ^j*
j x 0x 2 y
oJij oJsu^U J15 O^i J^JsJt (j.* O^A5 jJ Sjli I3I3
W # * x J t Ox
j xo /( j j x x0x J <*
Ox x Ox* x Ox
1. s-fjju v~+)\- Here j^^-J is treated as an indeclinable
particle, equivalent to ^. Wright, 11. 302.
j
2. h\m a)L). Al Fustat (Latin Fossatum), the old Moslem
capital of Egypt, was founded by 'amr ibn al 'as (641 a.d.).
7. t> ^b^, "and behold ! " Cf. Glossary to Tabari under
J * J *, * , *
j , jo ' m j/ * t j ' ' *
^>-0 o~Jl.J 4Jl5^6 ,j- >Ui JL5 w>lw Ulj Uh~w O^^
^j*ji5 i^t^i ^h J^u Jlj Ui JL5 ^juft ^hUI jol
<- (4 wl ^ ^
Hi Iri J ( , W Ml Ml,
^>-o ^v-^' aI'-*' J^-J O^ 3 v^A^ jv***' ^*"**' ij** w*w ^J
1. A^t-iJI dULJ, "that joy with which he was wont to
<0
greet those who came to him." But possibly ^JLU is corrupt.
5. Text: C*JU~>t>
1
du aLcM Uj tyli aj^S ^yc wJLd ~Jjt JUt ^t ^JJt
x Of ? 2> , I
t Ox J JO
J15 IjLjj y^ijJLsu C-Ji ^u J15 ^rv^-o <*ou wUi
e * - j j a i o x o j dj
^^51 ^J^o. Ij djuju ^-o jc O^J w 4 , j^> jiaJli djcou
x o x #> a * ix
AtjaJt^ w^UJJI cjj *ibj ^^
2. Dhu '1 Nun al Misri.
J J
x Ox al <M J
AAy*\j ^Xg ^3 jjU ^A^> ^^Uj jj^t J>^> *k&
xS x |P J d J x Ox Ax
a
10. O^ '3- Dhu '1 Nun, the Egyptian, died in 860 a.d.
LHA. f 386388.
X
11. j-cuo S^jjfc., Jizah, a suburb of Cairo on the western
bank of the Nile, opposite al Fustat.
12. Text: J>r<x*.
1
J -2*6* 3 1
Oc - Oc
yjli} ^J*->' O^V ASUO^b J"^==> J-0^3 AAjl tfUJl-o-O pic*.
J*.J^ Jj+AA b J4 Jld^ ^^ J15 JuUt ^^U-J '^i^>
^ 0* oi * z * i
AA9J4 J^J SLO AACjl 4j^b Jl.li U* .J^oAlsl JUi Jjlw
JO 0^ J mi
* o'~ , 1 01 * * 1
C*3l ^td Jll ^jU^w U <U oJUi a^u^ _i <^J^ ci.)
J * It ,
^LeUis loi cJL5 5-w o^t^ ^~ J^ d ^ *lUa^*s _i
10^1^5 l/ 1 C^it CJL5 IjJb ^t JUi Uj JjA^ b J15
0- Ui Ml J
- ,05 ui * 0- i
I
ul si Z 2 w Cut * ^
OsHh* U*.tj ^ **-' J^ ^ tf**^ -^1 ^ -***
, g J ui ' 1 ' y J '
* * 'j * t Z Si jo Ct 0*
15 *H- J>*^-t 013 AtLJI dUJ j.c ^Jj-^3 oloUt jj^ 15AJ
st Ui 2l ' 0,6 Hi
j
t * at *! J '
j o^e ^ ofi jo- hi
^bu aJUI & o! **&*
VIII. STORIES OF MOSLEM SAINTS.
1. 'Ibrahim ibn 'Adham.
UjJ*. l^aU jv'ji *U^ ^ ^)j <*-wU jJsuu *^i Ua^
J c
^ ^ i , o - ^ *
J^ C5 1 L5^ yJW ^ W>J^ ^ a^tpi UUJt5 ^JJI
a3^ J>\ j>\3 J4 JU.J Ji aJUI Uiit tit Ullif^ L^>1 15
, , ol t
4. ^o^^t ^>j v^fi^'j a famous ascetic of Balkh (died at>out
780a.d.). LHA., 232.
o j mi x o x /(/ I q o x
yjyj J>j > " <> iic ^31 ^}jy*J*o j^>\ JU> v>-3 ^5^-tfJI
Hi ttl J Ul Ml Hi
1^-ShJ 'N) AA*aJI ^1 A^jJli ^^JL/J 4-*U 4.JJI ^^Ltf* -UJt
HI J *UJ Hi Hi *
hi t j o x ii ' - j x 5
AJ\ J15 ^ J^3j 4JUJI ^S^SU> ^V JbjXJ *U*aJt ^
j S hi - f .x.. ? "* 1' ? *
hi x xO x ' J J X
Ox Ox x J * J'Jf
Ml ul Ox ul x 5 5 o
j-s^aJI .-ij dUa*o U ^^.cuJt ^-3 ^Ut ^S3^ JJUuwl
1. Text om. Jljb U^, but these words occur in the
edition of Zakariya al Ansari (Cairo, 1290 a.h.).
hJ x x
2. t^^iZa. j ^J, "were not exclusively distinguished,"
i.e., garments of wool were also worn by persons who were not
Sufis.
OX Hi J
3. aJJt J^-v) jisfc.o aao, a covered bench outside the
Hi J
mosque built by the Prophet at Medina. This <Uua was the
resort of poor Moslems who had no house or lodging, and who
were therefore called ii^oJI JaI, "the people of the bench."
Hi X Ox
5. L5*>-ftJI .****> The commentator remarks that ^->J
is superfluous, but it may have the meaning of JJLc.
61
* ' - J Of JOi 6 Z - ) i
w^. o cy is*-* l^^ 1 J- 0301 J* 1 <j> s Ulj AjU^aJI ^
ri *,0t Ot
j , J m i oi * *
^^.jjcJ! j^olj AjLfc Sjui ^J ^o- ^tJt ^l^siJ J-JLi
j * oi J J
jflfc^l g^l^ ^^t tjjb j^iil^ sj'^\ ^b 2jlij\ Jjt^L
j m* + j . a(
3i^du+)l ^UUaJUj ^Jf+auLe <x} JUL? ^JJ3 ^31 J-^^j 0"*3
& Mi jo* vie. si wc # I
wJ^^JI j>* 4Jt J15 <j-a Jy> UU wJUJlio ajl A*i j^JtV^t^
7. Jt jsy-iKKA ^^ptj-oJI. The commentator explains
these words as follows : " those who are continually occupied
with devotion and contemplation, so that they call themselves
to account for every breath that they exhale and inhale."
I
9. ^Uw^l, i.e., the author himself, namely Abu '1 Qasim
al Qushairi of Nishapur (died 1072 a.d.), who composed a
celebrated treatise on ufiism.
13. v r JLUl-, " like a surname," which in some cases is not
derivable from any verbal root.
CO
/J / J / 3 o* j 3,, i, /Si 3 0i o,
UU.Ij-9 wACj ly^X^, J^>3 l^^ Ji ^31 a^l> ^1 Jo
OF , , * + * J JO * * u) , , , ,
O-* ^ff^-'*x51 CoJ J-o*J' ^>.U.^ ^.Jjjl J^t^ W v<r^3
33,3 ,03 33,0, o & t , , $ m
/(f S r * i ' o, q o ~ oi- o ,
jxh.^t g ^*J! ftj*.t ^xriCJLj^ ^fttj^3 jl^< ^J *W*3' *>^
J J '. ' ' * ' " '. ' 6 3,,, J %
*i^J ,J^)J\a*J U 0>"-^ ^3-^ Oj**" " *-* J-fr*^b Oj**^^
oc o ^ oi , , ,3 0, i , , dl ,
o A - ^o^ 3 , o, oS ~ ,3 ,0, o ,
> Si f- 3 0, ,03 ul , s* , 3,0,
t , * , , , , 30 , 3 ,0i
j /^jjO^JOx/'Ofo J5 , 330 ,o*> 30,,
3 , , vt ul tO , 3, 0,, -fO,vitO,,
VII. THE MEANING AND DERIVATION OF ' SUFL'
o 3 * e- , , , o
J-jii lyS^i Aj^-ai ^ 31 ^*JL aJUI J$~>j ^ : a>. o ^3-j ^JL^
8. ^j^fi^bu, 112. One may also write ^j^^Lu.
10. O^i U 4^'- Wright, ii. 219 a.
12. Metre Jj^IJI, 611.
OF
J o o j
j * o* jo* *M * * & j j
JlSj SLa*Jt sJ$j "j^^>3 w>*J' O^i ^*~*^>3 >*~Jt ^Jfi
O^JU iyJs. cJ? ^31 JU^JI dju* ^^ipf ^^ U c^^ 1
^i i^ juu^b ^JLlii iiLil Jtf y JU| Jb JJJ 131
J13 ii^i*. jJb ^JJ^- Jl* A> JP '3J ^>-U UUji JU.
JO' " ' 0' < * -i
J15 > |LJ U 4J C ;. Oj J^J^t ,J-to-> 4*JUJ .-O) ^U
Oi ^M * a A <j U*-j ^^ aJUt Ot^JLo ^Jj- O-^ 1^5-*^
' H / / J 90 * - Of-
JoJ ^Ij UybU* /Jl J.U! ^ J*., ijjjt o-^W J'
J JS' * * ' - ' J * J *
0*- J l b Lr^J-^ 1 v**^ L^ ***! J 15 **** '^
wj - <> - ~ t o * a
L^lxi a^I>tJ ^_|ja.1j j- ^qJ dy&LLi JmmLJi ^/ojuj j_
0^ o j * we w * '0 Si
A Ml J
# J J l * J J J J * * & ' ' ' '
j&^kC} ^ /0 &ya\ js-5j3 ^UiJ \Jus iJjJI JU*^ Lj J9&$
j ol
UU3^ J^l^ U^5 w>^ W^Ji ^ l^? 1 <U>6l& >r^i^ 2
c-
0' J o I o j el o x m
+***+ e- x o x * j
u Jj //
d *> j5- - o x j o o s.
*^' Ch -^V?- ^^- ^i J**- 1 Cx-* J 1 - 5 >J^ M
? x uJ x j o x to* oS J/
10 l~ .-Lfc ^J ^t^ CJLS U*w \^s .yUafcl Oj* ^JJ
. t xj vi x x ^ - J J x
x ox x Ox x % s x x m o Ox
x x x
, 0xo xOx x o x x x x x oS x Oxoc
XX wl Ox J J 5 w x x O J x X
1. Text om. t3>* O- -
x Ox
3. Ol$j-* ls^' ^ ee no * e on ^^' ^*
J J Ox # <
4. jJxJ. The imperfect is politely used instead of the
imperative. Wright, 11. 19 b.
5. ^1% aluT o-, Kor - 114 6 -
x J '
11. c^W^ CH J*"^> a well-known ascetic who was at
one time a brigand.
X x x0
13. Text: OJ^ for s^sJj^. 14. Text om. Jj-ol.
or
l l 9 St . .1
I
jJS \Jj^L\ oIj jX*} aJU ^\ju aX3\ iJLo J^jJI ty 3 5
o ^ ui^o to* x^o o ^ j jOS
I^ja. aj tub tj**. U j^Jpt ^>oi ^1 ^3 Jy>' U- v^j*'
o - oi St* w 8* , *o t 0,oi
a L c uu l^ lj-i aj UU? tj^> U j-J=>' 0-3 *-^ ^ ^>'.5
mi 5 'J ut '' ' it ,0tO
r,0 x * JO' 9 ' 9 , , W *
y^yt> j+. AiLlaaJI ^jJj ^JJ w lfi ^ JJM' Oil y*
. oS i> ' '6^0, St j oi , j
wJj^t A&L; S^ywj 0^ ^^jj ?P*J VJ3 ^>^^ AaJijue
JjJjOt Ju ,Jj j-o^ ^yt ,j-~Jt *f> Z =>5 %>& ^J-
J /Of
* oi % Si ut j jj// o^ ^ * j * St * I
+ **+ Jt ^ / Ox
^J ^ U<J A3UI *$j ^^flUO U-J Alii j^ (Jj^ >*
9. Text : ly^t. Cf. ^mi7 of al Mubarrad, p. 120, 1. 4,
where these words are attributed to al Hasan of al Basrah.
10. Text: U^jju.
14. w> dULib, "it is as if thou sawest..." Wright, 11.
158 a, b.'
01
<* JO
O-* *^ J^3 L$'>*3 L5^*^ ^' *-*** J^ 5 O-^' d ^ Jb
MIC X ' ' 1*1 ' At J '
jt*^*) w>tJjJb v>aJ' ^ aJJ' v>% *tj J*-j ^SUI JJ3
o Uli l^ ^J^> aJJ' \*Js *lo ^Uj JUS ajj-oUj aJ31^.j
f Qu> * t m I
^ i/f J ' s " J , j
JlS O^oJI ^>o Jfjit JlS ^)j^a^> o u > JUi ozyu J**j
J * Ci 1 * o * * o * i o *
JjJu ^IS Jll <UJI ^- JlS <U,> j-jsiJI w~*l 0-0-^
JOJui WlKi J Ml
10 iLu. ^ui ^oiLjt a*u J^tj**. a) jis jtjt .y %jt
jo^ O^ wojcolj * * * *nJL3 JUI Ut JlS aJJ! JJU. L
AJt
J nJfc vl vt *
^Ut lyjl JIS AJt AiP ^1*3 <&JJt ^-oj w^UaaJ! ^>J
at home and take no part in civil war. Ibn 'umar was seldom
moved from his attitude of neutrality, but he joined the
people of Medina in fighting against Najdah (Anonyme
Arabische Chronik, ed. by Ahlwardt, p. 137, 1. 14). I have to
thank Professor Margoliouth for this reference and for the
UJ
explanation of A*-JU*Jt given above. The name is apparently
not mentioned by Shahristani, and I do not know any other
passage in which it occurs.
SjtfwJ, Najdah ibn 'amir, leader of a Kharijite sect.
3. ~J\ ASUt JJ3, an allusion to the people of Thamud
whom God destroyed because one of them killed a she-camel
(Kor. 7, 71 sqq.).
d2
* *i j * o ,, wft Ox* jj
Ml J s ' w
^ J si 0^ J * J), ft
_=; a5U c-s.,1^ aJis ,j- Pj-i j-5 cJUo O^*' *^
ft J J Ml t* * "
cJ^fc.,> o>^ ^ O' *^ C>juo.- o^-^J J*%J1 ffs UJi 5
mi ' J J
wJl- U-^ 4Jtj L^SU OjJ3 w>j^aJI siUJ ,J*o *.-> ^j9
* j o o - o o j ^ oi j o ^
J O'vt JO Hi
Ujky-il j y\ aJUI Oj^o. j-ojJI O-^ **** C*Jli UJL9
wift j j '5^ ft joft
0( * * J s wift * 0^ "* *' 1/\
j - , , j j o i mi
u**!J"b >*3 j-** O*^ 'JAj ^^^-tfJJI JUS Jw~j *n) ^o-.^-o
J Ml J ^
5. O^^J ^n M See notes on 19, 3 and 17, 4.
- Ml j o ^
^- Oljjv^ axSj. In this battle, which took place near
Baghdad (658 a.d.), the Kharijites were defeated by the
Caliph 'ali.
8 - J^jP' OJ s &* See note on 19, 3.
, , J JO
12. j-o^ 0-t, 'abdallah, eldest son of the Caliph 'umar
(died 693a.d.).
- f j
13. dL.>la J I, followers of the Tradition s j^ XmXm sj&
* o* oi *
l ^j'^-.I , u Be one of the carpets in thy house," i.e. stay
ft
Cw ^ j t o it
fl j l * , * 0t m
^ J J ^ ' 6 ^ 6 ' ' J ' , S
O-! Lf'y* (\ X+JLJLJL 9 <X_J ^o&LkuC ^-V>J' j^'i 4 ...; Z a> , 3
^t jisuJt SjU <L^1 ^t ^iaJI JIS ioj^JI ij Sjib
o * Of. * * o* j o Si
O-* f^j' .i 1 -^ CH d -^ 1 -^ O.WW.JI ^i\ jJaJtj dp^MoJI
x * * * i , w j
* j ti j2 / (^ " i >
JLLfc J-^3,2 0>*^ J^*P' *5** vW-b *-*>*aM u^3
, oi , m ^ o jo 5 ^c
^^ dj-ol Ja^-o jJii ^iUst ^^ ^>^U JUi >e^cJI ^-Jt
9. S^^fljt , the Sacred Rock at Jerusalem, on which the
Caliph 'abd al Malik erected in 691 a.d. the building known
as the Dome of the Rock.
-
12. t^l. 'Anas ibn Malik was a Companion of the
Prophet and related many Traditions.
T. A. III. D
Fa
J15j Jld*j ) J\ **UU ^iU.1 W)lj JuJ o' ^^
La*J ^3 3La*J *N)1 O^J ^ ^L)l Aja}* ^A^ JL~JI ^
^*Jt jc*j U-U aJJ! 0*!3 ***** J**- 5 ^ J^ v5^' ->*J 5
- * *
Jli ^^U- l^ w ^^* *J J^ >^*?JI ^ULJI juft ,jj
**#!P JA *JUI j--* aJUt s^o ^ jCl O' '*
ji oi * *
J ^ ^ i ^J t* 4 0* 0*0 0jt0**J0J 40*
*** * v>2- ^-^ ^><* l ~-* # VM O- U-^^3 OJLU. U-*
v^Jt ^i^ A-i i)^ ^ lij^ ^Ul o^= bj^l >j' J^ 15
M ^lj JI-5 jLjJ ^>J ^>1^JI 4-.3 Jjj^ ^ J^i
6. JULoJI jlj^ ,j-> ^&UU, tenth Umaiyad Caliph (724
743 a.d.)/
12. *LjU ^ JI^-JI- LHA., 84.
14. Metre J*b3l, G06.
16. )LmJ\ ^\j. The reference is to al Hasan of al
Basrah, the celebrated theologian and ascetic (died 728 a.d.).
L1IA., 225227.
\J*- J>>\ \J^ {*+* J3j2 y J*"* ^>~Jt ^ ^5*
j oi j j oi , , , ' i
^yA 4JU3 dUil j^ dj-0^3 o*}L>l js+s <*jLw ^^U ,j> ^J^
j o*j j j j 3 - * oi * + * ol
Caw j u .>c ^j c^>^ cJ^3 cJ^-* ^aajI ^o-i^ n..^^ ^t
j^LrJI Jj^> Jy^ * 'IjZ, ^ tlx^t Oj^d. U 0-.J-J-*
J0y 2 J J Z J P
J15j t^T^ ^ U ^)jj J15 ^ Lo Jj>eJ J*** V^
ssOZOsOi * S. id * J JO*
a jo" - *o & *o a wp < * j 0*
J - G - , , Oi.
jL*c jUj Jlij aJJI w>tji j^^U j-*-aJt ,j- jjyfcl 4x-lb
j , , J * J * ' s i c
1. *Jt JjiJj *i), ^.e., "Man's feet shall not move from
^- *
the place (oi$$o) where, at the Resurrection, he shall be
called to account and judged, and thereafter be admitted to
Paradise or cast into Hell, until...."
14. iJL, "than I am afraid," Wright, 11. 133a.
^ j , j
15. >jJ*M juc y^j j^>, eighth Umaiyad Caliph (717
720 ad.)"
pi
~" . ' i J X X X X X
^i A^UJt ^jjj LT^"* *"* ^A* 6>\$~i -U^S *-ojJ1
^ x J .
x * x x Ox x
o i * t , * s. i ~ o i
<*** jA Crt 0%+y" <*-** J^ * * * ^^^ j&jte*
jjjt <xJ| **.l jJ\ ^ ^Jl ^i>^j ^iip^t JX>3 ^^
VI. EARLY MOSLEM ASCETICISM.
Ox t - s I
^>o S( -io AJyC-3 aJUI ^b Iju3 ^.jJt >**>JI aJUt ^^-j 10
1. ^sjJ'> a freedman'of al Mansur.
o^l^-w. Black was the party colour of the 'abbasids, green
of the 'alids.
5-JUoJI, the so-called * Yamanite " or Southern Arabs (cf.
note on 26, 2), most of whom were supporters of the 'abbasid
dynasty.
j x x x x x
8. Ay-*.^ Jj^> " ne devoted himself," "risked his life."
9. S^LflJI. The accusative is governed by a verb under-
stood, and is equivalent to the customary formula used in the
'adhdn, viz., S^JLcJt ^<c .-., "Hasten to prayer!"
Ft)
J s i '303' 33 f , , , ,*> OtO * , * ' a ' i i
3*0 *0 J
J^jt ^L> j^j-e^l ^ ,^1 a^jU* aJ JUi >o^U J*>j ^>o^j
- * ~ 3)3) + 0+ t- *
3 * oi*
at Burqan Wasil," or "on the day of the battle at Burqan
Wasil."
jjjuOl ^jt Lj, "O son of the excuse!" i.e., "O thou that
continually excusest thyself."
j*k~> for j. t sC3, 112.
1. dllij. 3 is the JUJt jtj, 583.
2. Text: \j+. ^xZJ ^.
6. ^J\ .jJU^jt, i.e., he enjoined rue to take care that his
kinsmen should not suffer anything by his death beyond the
personal loss : in every other respect the father's place could
be filled by the son.
o
9. aJJI j^ ^> ^9**>\j-d, a descendant of 'all ibn Abi
Talib. He headed a rebellion against the Caliph al Mansur
in 762 a.d.
sfe J^JW Cs^ii O 1 WU L^3 J^> ,^5^ *^'j ^3
- ' ^ x x -o J { J , J J J x J J - ' -o } x
x x J x ,*
^yx^JI IJjb ^.i jji-l Jlij 5
J i J * -5 5 X X X ft x d-5
J ->Oxx JO S x C ft 0,* i j
J 3 J
AfjXJlj <UC ^Uj AJUt ^-CJ; AjjU* c^-J J^ * * *
X X 5 ft * X ^X X X J
X ft X J -
x o Ox IxOx ^ o g j
xO x 0x0 J - J
J2// XOXX OxX X 0/0 X O<0 Oj XOXJ I
3. Metre J^Lt, 611.
6. Metre *jj-JI :
*_;,_[* ^ ,/_ I || * _ ,, j * w _ | _ _
8. JI ^^Jxfc.^. Mu'awiyah entered al Kuf ah and received
the oath of allegiance as Caliph in 661 a.d.
12. 5j*jlq)\. He was appointed governor of al Basrah by
Mu'awiyah.
13. Metre J*lfll, 606.
j i *
ioUl, name of a woman, probably the poet's wife or
mistress.
Oj x Ox
J^lj 33jj j>yj, either "on the day when she and I met
mi j i J *0i
j^ -
'}lp*; ^jlwIjA. ^>c A lio.* ^>J iJj J^*.^ J15 * * * Jij&\
5 l5*aM ^ >^UJ CJU* 4*1 lyjl ^^U a^jJI I^jcc ^5
>oUJt ^jji <ju>I ^Ut J^t JU l^*^ ^ UA3 ,JIaI
10 Otrf vJ^y V^J^j ^W^' *r>*^ OUUo jtA. w^UaaJI
' o ' ^ * ^ * J
aS^U J>Sj jJl*. ^>j j^a^j O^ 9 i ta 5* a *^ \LH \^5* J^3
jl* jljii* ^.U Jju w>UJt ly^bjl J^* Lr U Jju gUit
j\jJLo ^te AjJt^l^ aIwj-o Jap jtjci* ^^ J>wjJtj <u3l
3. jojSJ\. According to the Lisdn al l arab jb>j&\ in this
saying is equivalent to .yW J*j^' The speaker means that
his ancestors gave away the food which they might have kept
to nourish themselves and their children.
* *
12. jJU. i^j jcto^-j, father of Ja'far the "Barmecide,"
was grand vizier to Harun al Rashid.
iLitxijtj j)C\ 3 j^Lt ~dL vta Sjlii^ JU CJ ^
O' i^o^b w^iaJtj AiJjJW siJLJLfi.^ ^JucJI *^;>> V^
9-J*>3 Jli * * * W w^jisJ' wJjIj Ja^CJI ^P' CKj'
w J ,, Oi * , s ~ (. * J
J^==> ^yc A) J>.li j>AX ^>J <UJI Ju cUa.,a jl ^jl w-tj-aJ
j - a --
O'j sj^t^ *A+5 O^ >>*1 djJLfc. o^ v>^ aJWj Ul
UJlj JO U^ j.1=>\ JU> Uj J^Iwt jlaJ^ Lfij 3 ^ d J*^
z * * o , o * z * 0' z - tJ * i
la . jl j^^Ja*^ ^^j^AJ ^U^ ^^UJ bloj ^^-euJ c^'jj J^H
aJJI <jug ^>j dJUt J4m*1 ^Mi cJ^ * * * l**J *^*?5 llV4
a ^ o it o - o^ ^ * j
J-aiJ^ *iL~dl - jjtUt J>*3t > yu4 ^>j <U ^>j io
1. Sj^iJt^ ^)bt, M beware of jealousy." Wright, n. 75 a,b.
Ml " *
2. iijjJb ^-J^> "cleave to adornment," i.e., "do not
neglect to adorn thyself." Wright, n. 78 a and 172 d.
4. d..>j>.JI ^jl v ^,.,a' , a negro poet of the Umaiyad
period. His "name of honour" is generally said to be
^>a>j.c ^jt, and he seems to have been confused with the
'abbasid poet, Nusaib Abu '1 Hajna (Aghdni, 20, 25 34).
The elder Nusaib, who is evidently meant here, was at first a
slave but was enfranchised by 'abd al 'aziz ibn Marwan,
brother of the Caliph *abd al Malik.
W 3
11. Jt ju *^. This saying is also related in the form of
a verse (see Lane's Dictionary under j^jlcuo) :
) O , O t 1 - f J
PI
0^>j J13 4U* ^^oiaLJ ^ ^LU3 j-ot ^y J^a-Jjl ^t isu
* * s i j * ' ^ J J
<*^. a) ^ J13 IJjk ^v J^aj U jLe -y^ JUi
j - o o j JiiS ' e- oi o * o i
^' O-! *** ^3 u-*W^ O-^ J*h J^ *t>i O"*
10 lj^J wM^Jt jj- j-o^ V*3 ^U ^yJI 5JUUI j3 **^>j
JJ- ^t cr'W^ O-^ J^ a*-W j^yo-^ A * ift ^
JIJU AJUt
2
Alij'N) J.AX&- ^ 4-Ut Jc^ J15^ *.OJ J^W ^5^ *3)
2. <U.J3 ^jj ^#L~c, governor of al Basrah under the
Caliphs Marwan II and al Mansur. He died in 766 a.d.
7. Text: jLp.
- p o * e-
8. 4jLoJO)t, i.e., J^, 4jLo*jjt.
J^)t, "the ancient."
- ^ p i * j
9. ajco; .yl ,jj >, a poet celebrated for his love-
songs (died 719*a.d.). LHA., 237.
12. j^*- jj.j aJJI ju, a nephew of 'all ibn Abi Talib.
He was noted for his generosity.
I*.
* < X ^ - ^ m* * / -
Cifc) ,JjJ ^>J yJJ} WOl U.313 JUU Ul JJIW j>J ^^5
<x^ ^jj Awy> jjj .yt O^ *A3 *X3UJ ^J^-j
* 9 & f + /i' tit/ -
^vrw3c JjL-t Jm^^ ^J A.T.f^ *-^?J ^oJ ^J- *"^ wAwj
t^JJt ^.-|jjt fttj^lj a-u c-efc.j.fc. ^$JJt ,j->jdl jUcul 5
/t / // o^ -
a!^*. U^ J 15 jUysJt aI<^ ^a*U.U ^ J^JI Ijt^lJ
j^o^ Jl5j U-j-o ^^ U*5 w-A^t I^jju o 1 J 15 Hj^fl
^ J**" J^ ** l^ 1 * 3 **" ^J ^ J l5 J 0>^W
O J J J J 9 - '
1. Kdmil, ,jjj ^ ^^. Ya'qubi, n. 217, has jjjj
ao O^' O-*- Probably, as is suggested by Prof. Bevan,
the writer alludes to the name of Mu'awiyah's father, Sakhr
(Abu Sufyan). jm*o means " rock " and jjJ^ had originally
the same meaning.
4. You say <suxb aJb or *JU JL^, "he reached his
ankle-bone" (or "his heel"), and djLc. J, "he clove his
dust," meaning the same thing, viz., " he overtook him," or
"he was equal to him in merit."
3 6* 0< J - w
**JUi jju J>4 ^JLi ^,5*s) ioj5 ^Li &.13 ^ ^JJI *JU*U*3
< . e ^ wt * t * %
w^ 1^5*^1 0"*1 J^5 * * * *** A*^ ^.U v^ft*.t Jk.a.1
jj/ - o .- i y a i S * * * o i * + *
&*y9 dtjsLJ ^-oa^JI Ua^-t^ jjJI ^=>U <sU5j. ^^
3. ^^ 4*y. The phrase occurs in Kor. 5, 59.
4. - JUC5! <jjt, historian and genealogist (died 819 a.d.).
4Jt wl^v The following letters are found in the Kdmil
of al Mubarrad, ed. by Wright, p. 298, 11. 17.
5. jjcw ^ v*** governed Egypt for the Caliph 'ali.
6. ^JbjjJt, the partisans of 'ali and Mu'awiyafr respec-
tively.
8. Text: ,j>aw*M ys\i a^bjs. ^ ^f*j3-
. o * t* t So '* a i
J-oA^Jt Uftfc.)^ J**)1 j-^^j "then he made many cuts
(scratches or slight wounds) but missed the joint (which a
skilful archer would have pierced, so as to disable the hunted
animal)."
9. tjlj^a^j. Hauran (Auranitis) is a district lying south
of Damascus.
\^*** J* <J& L5^- *=>\ *$ JU3 JuJj! w>p j^ >bj
^ J ^ w ^0^0- 0*0 1 %
J * * * JO
ju^U* ^^U i^UJI ,j-> Jtfto vojki^ J13 * * * *pU
UauU> jj*3 IiMJU J13 ^JUL^Jt jle. bl C*^3 Jl4> JU3
^t-^ W U3>^ J>5* O-*! **! $** ****-* J 1 ** ly^U
* * Ji ,0**0*
1^-oL*. oly~j\ J\J *sJJ3 jJ JjUft aJ ,jl> i^-w ^b
C)j3 sZ&j j>y*A\ <^>J=>3 J^t SS^j j^> J15
2 * oi jO*i-*joi J o *l* j j
^UJt JaI b <LjU* J 13 C**l^ C>*1 jlj *^~^ *^~*3
JiHI: ^C^Jt tfj J* J**& !*** ^4* ji
ju* ^.ULdJI ^.U jJ^I ,^1 Oi /^*3t jj.<^ O^ *kj
J t
2. 0*Uft seventh 'abbasid Caliph (813833 a.d.).
3. j-obdl ijj jL g x w , governor of al Kufaft under the
Caliph 'uthman.
* it
9. iJl .-> ^^, "and what were his feelings in your
presence with regard to that ? "
* * * * * * o~ * o i
11. >ftj*JI w~a>^ J>i3t cJL^^J, "you took the load on
yourself and relieved (others) from (the necessity of) tying the
girth," i.e., from the obligation of persevering in war.
rv
J i . x J x x x
wJbJJ <a,:K ; ,J1 ^IsJ! ^>j Jj-o-^ J^i *** I-^Jji-o^J
x J J i>x J *J w x J x J C) ' 3
jjL/lj^. ij-jl3 jJj l<^Ai djb ** O^!/ 2 ^ UU j wmL^oJI
* J x J x x 5 x x
J - fr at x x x J i J
^)b^)U*~j O^ *M-fcJ yi^3 C>^^ s t^^ u~i$j l<**^ oWj-*^'
* X x x Ox x J . * X
u>j ols^ o-* ^-U-m ****** *-*~^j ch ^k**^' J^b J^>
Ox xx x x x x x 9/ Q C Ox
*v)y aJ J lis j^U *^. U j*\ Ch->3 15^ **' jV*^
Ox J 5 xO x x Ox J x
10 ^> y ^xw J.SU JJ^j * * * w>^UJt O-* ^?^ :> ^-~& >^ A
1. j0\x)\ ^j 3j-*, conqueror, and afterwards governor,
of Egypt (died 663 a.d.).
5 X J J X
2. wJLy^JI ^j j^jj-j. See note on 29, 12.
J OxJ
3. a*-w3. Qutaibah ibn Muslim, the celebrated general,
was appointed governor of Khorasan shortly after the super-
session of Yazid ibn al Muhallab (704 a.d.).
x Ox
4. otjj-*- See note on 24, 10.
3 j a j
6. (jbjJCwt and ^jb^jU-*j are Persian words and are here
treated as indeclinable.
x J J W x
7. *iw^J O"* ^W^ 11 - See note on 16, 6.
Obj* C* ***M *4*> fifth Umaiyad Caliph (685 705 a.d.).
9. .Aa, Hagar of the Bible. She was the mother of
j
J-jX-o-J (Ishmael), to whom the Northern Arabs trace their
descent.
' J *
H
j*UJI Jyi jjLi^ j~&\ ^Ikd
jaj^\ <Laijj gUaJI ^yc^ # ws-o>J8 U juu *L*jC cAjLKJ
o 2 m o j
Jld^ aZLp ^a j^U jlwI ^j^t aSj*. f+s. Jlid ^l^cl
tJUl ^iJI J jl y jl>j J15^ ^LJI aJL.^ ,j-o j-.
2. Metre JLobOt, 406. Here the last foot of each
hemistich is ^ ^ - instead of ^ v^ ^ - .
5. ^A* sJ-> Q fc N> generally known as Abu Nuwas.
LHA., 292295.
6. Metre JJJjl : w w |^ w _||^^__|^ v ,__.
13. jbj, governor of al Basrah under the Caliph Mu'awi-
yan, whose half-brother he was reputed to be.
JiJ oj-^b J^b j^^ J # ^Jt sis oT il ^ of J4
5 uLj^5 cju ^ ^^ot-uJt j-ol* ^s. J,.j ^J.$ 3 J15 * * *
^JU aJJf jiii bjl> oJ4 ^i J*** ** J 1 ** <V 6 ^J ^
^*^M ^t-aLh! J l5 J ^ *^ J*** l ^ l - ^^ Oii
VJ Ci ' J / / / W /
^ j ++ * &
i**JI ^J w^^lCo J15 6)5*. ^9 t^j**-^ j>A-Jt C*Jl
SO/ 0/ - J8/ J J JO/ j 5
ix J 0/
2. j^jjJUl ju* ^ fJb, a didactic poet who was con-
demned to death by the Caliph al Mahdi. LHA., 374.
3. Metre JLa^JI, 621.
11. <Jl, 362(m).
12. 4-oJCaJI. Under this title the Arabs include various
collections of adages and moral sayings, which were put into
writing at an early period. Cf. Goldziher, Muhammedanische
Studien, 11. 204.
14. jUj.> tj-> ^JJU, a well-known ascetic (died 744 a. d.).
c2
rr
* o*, ,o,a,o j * ,a,o,d
w y J y JO' W - ^ OJ
<r^ O-* -/V***^ ^ a *P' wOj^aJt ,J-3 AAtt jAiJI ,J-*
, wl J Ml ,
V~JaJl> voir 1 0-^5 ^JJ vOir^3 ^ vO***^ vov^j &^-* 5
, , j o- ' i -* 0^ , o , *- Z j , o y
Of w y ~ s> J '++*+ +
^>j\ voA^jJ ^^Wj^ \^*J'*~'h glXa*31 ^-w v*J!J^ A~Jt
ajU-=> j^ *~icft jJU JU .jl* jj>. ^^JLt J&2 ^1 JUj
aJJI && o! cH ^ <2>Jj1 v-t-H^ ^ 4JJ *****
ulfr "J > - - ' li y ft , ,
, , i Si , , , t + t wi j o y
O- <slu Ju1 Lo-J <au.U. aJJI Jia. Jj-ft o-* Jpwt jjli juu
, , i, , * ft y y Oft u> , Z -
ilLS lj-^UJI u' vo-^b ** L5*^' W* *** ^ J>- v^
o* j , o j * o
Ow - J , - J
2. o^i, 415(cO.
8. o' ^^I^j "and take care not to...." Wright, n. 75.
11. ^J^oJI, third 'abbasid Caliph (775785 a.d.).
14. dLJ, " because of thee." Wright, n. 155 c.
, J ,
16. Oj/* O^ Jv-'j private secretary to the Caliph al
Ma'miin.
rr
*> * * * 3 * , J
0' S, * 3 * *i to* * c-
^X&> a~j dJJt j-ot U aJJI^ yjaj lyj ^p s) JJUaJt Olj
~ * Z, 3 ,0L 3* 0*
^yb tig*. ^yJil A^ijt ^t ^Ut Cj-J t^a^a^t J15 ^
S Hi S + <* ' ' f Oi Ml
3 -ft %**, o * ~
^_y Jwt OjjJtoJI wj!,> We 3 O-^ J*^"* J^J *^
10 lit j^l^l #\ Jil J15 fet3 o^ J*^ ^ djj^ot
0*- - -- - ft - o-c
-^Ojt t^t 33-^t 3-jI JIS5 <uSJls ^JL.lo w>JJo ^jt Ojijt
2 * oj o j* *Ct * t
UJU ^y^Ju ij\ O^jt t>t J^w^t >\ JUj C^i ^iauu ^t
*St - * * j ft * - * j j to
Jup.^J1 JUjJ 0^* w L^ Ot' <M^ J^3 * * * *^W- gjorwli
* W 1*0' Jft J - w ft J
J ' ' * 6 <J0( y -
15 l_^ ^.Ajc^LP ^J-^aJLi sJLL-%_j S^^juto ^ov^' Ots ^*-*i
^ ^ J -
w>ja!^o, which suggests yjji ("strange," "foreign") and is
therefore a suitable epithet for a land where the Arabs were
so few. This explanation was kindly given to me by Professor
Margoliouth.
* 03
1. O^o^" W- Abu. 'uthman is the kunyoh ("name of
honour") of al Jahiz.
j* t
6. oL*.^t. See note on 15, 2.
T. A. III. c
rr
JdL 3 JJU 3 Jj^>3 ^bCw U ^Su\ J^4l u iui
U ^j** b aJJIj 3jj^ aJ JUi ^M*-j L^****'^ ^*H3
u o^ J? ** **w J& aJi ^ ju ^U ch
Lip cJU ^^Jl^ jJxoJI o^=> ^%^ V^*-" ly>M^1 O^ 5
^^y-jit ^ejj> Ju-J ^-iJ ^1 1ju w*jtj 01^ Uw U
^JaJ Loj. n >,^ LJL.j 0^3 [>3*^ d ^*^ <Lel-o-JI JU> ^o
6 it ' * -t * J * 6 * J ' *
a Z*+~>3 ^l 0*~> ^J UJi j*v*\j\ tte~~i ^ ^* ^Ju
^cUJt iut JJli J^x ly-^i ^^-J li*^JU aJUI ,jjd Jyu 10
J *
satisfactory sense. Translate : " we were not reckoning thee
among those who cannot bear misfortune patiently."
M Id
4. a^JI ^3, a poet of the Umaiyad period. LHA., 246.
aJJI Jj15 expresses admiration in the form of a wish.
lya oil O^ ^* P ast tense of lya*^ait U, which means
u How elegantly she speaks ! " Wright, I. 100 B.
7. <UlJI, a district in central Arabia.
1 % Metre >^3I : w -. | - - v - | w - : .-
wiyjl w> j jt X ... w 1^$^' ^, "of noble soil, of wonderful
mould." The singular appropriateness of the verse (implied
by the words j^UJI aJUI JJli) appears to lie in the use of
n
5 i - j ^ i' S * * Ot-
J , *0 J J s ,
J J J ' ' * * J , C-
aJaAJt ,J-~. ^6j.SJ1 yJu*o ,J-> ^-t JlSj * * * IjJk ^jl)
yjj ^-~s. J^-33 J15 '>J^J 1^3 U3 <u^J j.*J Jlij o^Jt
J ' ii ^ OJ Oo J 9^
' 0'- >IJ / f i/ J JO
1. Possibly lyj should be read for lyj.
J - Oi *
4. Jt d^oJo^JLot jjiJ. The science of Arabic grammar
was chiefly cultivated by the non-Arab Moslems, who had
been the first to corrupt the purity of the Arabic language.
Cf. a passage from Goldziher's Muhammedanische Studien
(i. 109), translated by Prof. Browne in his Literary History of
Persia, I. 260.
W Ml
^o-OI. The regular construction would be^li, 587.
s J ' JO'
5. j^o-^ t>J ^\Xoi\ jup, a judge noted for his eloquence
(died 753 a.d.).
0,2i 1
10. ^ojJI ^>j jjc, a juriconsult of Medina (died 711 a. h.).
The amputation of his leg was rendered necessary by a gan-
grene from which he suffered.
11. Text : ct^aJU jJjuo U-= to, which does not give any
* ^ I - - o- o t , , j, o S
-- ^ - ^ x - j ^
a51*j a) j-1^ lyj j-li lA^Jii ^l^U. jujj JUd Jjuu
cr*i^ JU^ Ut^ lySLs jJb O^l^oLli Ut JUi ^j.* w^JI
i^ 1 CH U^ J 15 J 15 u-W* CH 1 i^W* O 1 ^ J*~J 5
^Cy*l ^ ^ fU * ! ji ^t ^j L a,wJ ^^31 ^UJI
w jo- - - / j o
j o - o-ojc^o- o^oj j -o jjo
W-'ft* 3^-' ^Jx^XJ ^rJj.'*.X*C y^ U|tj ~~Sj.Z J^liiA Ot*iU ^>-0
- 0- 0- JJC i- i JO J - 0- J-'-
y j 5 - -
^) o^a5 j^U-o oU^ ^ J^ 5 *'^j^W U^ w**a UJ^
i o j - t jj-w * *
J ^ we 2-- **J - - 2 O-J 2 - - -
^Ut w^ 5 ' ^nr* 1 ^ lAjj^ L 5*^ J^ ^Jj 5 \+H J^'*
so- j-o w w ? - -
^ aaU ^>j JJuO J~3 Jli jj^-e^l aJJI C~j O-* 15
2. j fa^ W, equivalent to JU-U- J^.
5. ^hU^ O'A ^ ne Prophet's cousin.
13. \J>ji jl/Jkj ^J&>. Wright, 11. 161 Aund i>.
- i J -
15. aaJlc ^j JmJU belonged to the tribe of Murrah. One
of his daughters wm QBtrried to the Umaiyad Caliph Yazid
ibn 'abd al Malik.
x ** , ' *0 ' b *t J JO*
Ol> O-V ^5^ A*y~}\j ^frXxJIj j.aJJ\ aJJt j*asu ^ JUi
4 * , 6 i 6 * * t b ' 8 * ' '
l^^o *XJj J*- J^ ->>> OJ-> ^V ^ai. ^ ^>oJ
4 * d J O , w J , 6, 4
V. SPECIMENS OF ARABIAN ELOQUENCE,
WIT, AND WISDOM.
,2 *i o 4 o * *J *
* - s 3 - J - Ct * J 3*0*' 4 s i
O^ 'Jtjldt OS* J 1 -^ 1 L5 31 ^ O-o J^i^ iHldl
IOaJUI & o! V^ L5 31 *i*~ <? v^JI ^1 ^3 j^j
5. jLo^ >->' The writer (al Jahiz, p. 6, 1. 15, note) uses
6 J
his **.&> or ' name of honour ' in speaking of himself.
12. wJ^t jjj JuJj, governor of Khorasan (died 720 A.D.).
13. 431, 362 (m).
Ta
, i o ,
ot tM oi t ' i i * Z 1 * *
, , z * * oi j - ' H J m
6
2. yij^f > a Pet w h flourished under the Umaiyad dynasty,
famed as the rival of al Farazdaq. LHA., 238 seq. and
244246.
4. Ajuo^^I, the great philologist and literary critic (died
about 830a.d.). LHA., 345.
7. Ij^awl^ Jbuo-Jl c^J. There are many varieties of poetical
style, which differ in value, just as there are many sorts of
carpets made of rich or coarse materials.
t < e *
9. JI i^^dJij, "takes this view in regard to his con-
temporaries."
11. iLis y^>\ (died about 890 a.d.). The passage cited
here occurs in his J^juiJI^ jjutt\ v^* ^ DV ^ e Goeje,
p. 5,1 12sqq.
rv
J - o - w S> * J 6 Si 3 i , 0* } t
i^-iJl 3>' J a , J 1 j^^ J ^*3I ?u-Jt w^U^^l JIS Sj^* L>1
Ji 'J J " 00^ ^ ^ J * 00'J
J-o**JI JlSj JIS 5ip3 3*+*-$ <*~J3 i^^^h SjuUI^ j.;AJ3
* o * - i * w i^j o t. , , , ,
**$** r& ^^ ia^-Jt ^5^-J ^1 ~Jt 1*5* O 1 v<^j 0-*
S) < i ) Si - ) + w ^ e i , M
^-o-m. i> Ol-a I . Jt C-ol^^j aijUt^ ^--l^^l U*jIj 5jJL.
J * J J ' * mti + Si f w
tljlit yj*t> j*^ ^-i JUj ji3 djjti y^.1 s^-ol^> tjl ^j*^i
Sju*3l ^i J^wj ^>-l JIS * * * Aljtj.*. ^ji o>^ *** ^
^ ^ i s & J s J m , J
% i,0, , , <i * i
, * 6 J * *
1. w^dt jbtil Sj^o.*., composed about 1000 a.d.
Si
2. *~J', the seven Mu'allaqdt.
j Si * *
3. J*AAJt, not the well-known al Mutaddal al Dabbi
(LHA., 128).
4. J^*^, equivalent to Jl*.*^ Sj^*a5, "an ode by any
one."
o 8 '. -
5. ILJLI^. The subject is JJaA^J!^ ^UaaJI ,-j! ^j
"
, 345, Rem. (ii).
7. Jt lyjl ^iJUij. Concerning this erroneous explanation
of the names OU.U.0 and oLaJuo see LHA., 101 102.
M
* f. 3 3 3 ' 3 30' ,3* * ,
3 , * o, ** *0% m* ,, , o* l,o*>
j*a> Le\ ^s-JHS jj^l ^3 \j>c ^>\xU ^ Jx^i j\p
aJLajj J-^oJ'^ jtj^t ^jLP v~~^ tf>^*i w-t^ '>*' Oi*
i'/( 3" l 3 3 0':, Of- 3 " * 2 '
jMfiu^tS} SpU ^y^-ft-l aZjIj J15 ^jb <U aJJI ^oj ^-U 5
4J*^) ly^i ayuJU iljjciJ' ly,;...^ r.ili *Uil ^Jl J^w <su)^
V^-ai'j OW^W Ji^l t$J i>*Mj L5V^^ W^b &Jjl 10
jtyS$\ *k.U w>5^ 3ju,^JUI ^po dl^w Uj w. ; ...,:)! s j^j <jjjj
3 3 i ' 3 ' Oi * *'{.,( +ft+
1. Text :> iiJI ,>*.
> -
2. j|jj ia-Loi. Nizar is a legendary ancestor of the
Northern, as opposed to the Yamanite or Southern Arabs.
Here the name denotes the Northern Arabs, who spoke Arabic
more purely and correctly than the people of al Yaman.
<M * - -
9. J>JUsdt ^jJlfc ^%5yLj\. The Arabian poet frequently
represents himself, in the opening lines of an ode, as passing
by a desolate camping-ground (Jylt), which was formerly the
abode of his beloved. Thereupon he begs his companions to
halt in order that he may sing as the scene suggests to him.
LHA. f 77.
11. S)S}\ ii.U vJ3- Cf - the English use of "far-
fetched."
re
J > ~ Z i * 1 , s 1
, ,* w J J ^ J ^ jit
jj * 1*0* <> )'Z * 5 j 0,
^ijL u-*^' Jj"*' tl^A-iJt ^. aJLj jJ^ wJLk^JI ju
l^-v * , Z * Z j , , * ,0 * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
O>io* ^31 ^j) ^a 3 ^i-Jjt o-o ^ ^i~. ^jiil ^-^
^ ^ i .. x^0 J JO, " ' ' '
y*$ -~lh ^1 jjust dJ>s$ >** *^ V*** (fJ**~* hfo m .*
J
1. Sj^jUI j-i. See note on 23, 7.
4. Text: o^J.
6. For Imra* (or Imru') al Qais see LBA., 103107.
* * j j
7. jJl* ^j~> J*3 , belonging to the tribe of Khuza'ah, a
satirical poet of the early 'abbasid period.
10. Jt o> ... . Translate: " He made the well of Poesy
gush forth to them abundantly, and forsaking obscure ex-
pressions he opened (to the eye of Poesy^ the soundest (clearest)
sight," i.e., he discovered the secret of clear and perspicuous
diction.
rp
to J - t
, * * j o * m #J '
w>jjUI s^JLo-bU 9>^AJt w'gla-c ^^JL/^I j-^=> ^-o-^J ^'ij3
3 ^ j ' - '
Oi*M> j'.H> J 1 ^b>J ** J*^ 1 Aj'iJ I***-!; J^^W 5
ct
^* VjjUt yj*c ^Ua jJj ^AJ3 l**J'j V>*^-* W*^ 9 ^j
9 Oj oil *
s ^ j a i * t > >
JJU3 jLai aLo Ja1 y*> Aj -jc L05 J^a^AJt jbtil dui
* * * * j t ' ' o * *
' 00 J ~ * Z t - 0' il'i-
6. JUufc j>3j, u when there had already perished," 583.
J 0&
8. jjJ**)\ ^ O^*-^'' tne ^ ast Lakhniite king of al Hirah
(580602 a.d.). LHA., 4549.
, , ,
10. Ohj-** l*-*-!i tne descendants of Marwan, fourth
I'maiyad Caliph (683 685 a.d.).
a-u jL U jl, "or whatever became of it," i.e., it may
have passed into other hands.
* JO J J J
sy !;* ^ c*"^>!> an early grammarian of the Basrah
school.
11. g^)LJI ^>- ^^-0^ ^jI, a famous collector of ancient
Arabian poetry (died 766 a.d.).
4*jjJUt jlxw^l OjIa^j ^jl Uli t^lilj !-JU.t j*-^3
J^=> ^3 p-^4 J&3 *$>* o^Jt ^s ly-Lo U jktU
J^ Ot^y-ii ^UU ^Ut dljj ^JJ' jUl.^l Uli ?^a*-j
U3^^i3 33*Xo-Jt ^J2j~asu j**$.tt Hj-ot itjA^Jt^ U* ^j , ^ , : .. >
5 O^^-^^ 03j*~*i3 03**3i3 03f**&3 O ***>*-> 3 j3~a*-oM
jAtj^Jb j>-*^ ** J ' f-o-^'j ioJtL^t Cofc^o} ^X3Ju ^Jt^i
10 aS'n) ^tjJ^Jt^ JW^Jt 'jL\Jz>3 ^Ht^Njt ^3 O-xloJ ^^
1. C^US ol 488 -
4. *Jt i^juo^t Ojj-a^- Wright, 11. 376 c.
5- 03y* m 2i3 Oy c '>**i3 ' **! tn ey rever> se the usual order
of words in a sentence.
6. Text : C>3J^ JL i3 > but there is evidently a reference to
the rhetorical figures 5jl| and oj\jlL*\.
7. ifej C>j' (died about 1070 a.d.) was a native of
Qairawan in North Africa and author of a remarkable work
on the art of poetry, entitled 5jLxJt.
8. *l. ..JUl C^i^ followed by JjU3 cjf. Of. note on 1, 8.
rr
\j* ..> J jUI ^>o <jl ^L^ a^U <UJt ^^JU? aJUI J>-; ju>
aJUI dp UJJ aJ J~5 Ui- J15 ^1 i-o^J j.*JJ\ ^ {j\j
4JUI dljl jJb rt. < .Ca fc Jt Uli oliy=o WJ jjuJI J~3 ^c a*J
feL*0j ^^iJl> u^' >^ cUj^I a*Uo ^jt *$\ cliLj^l
J
mi wt f a , '
J*-*J J 15 ^*J >*"J ^^ *J^ ^5^ A ^' J^-^ ^3 JLai 10
^ j-U 33 % 33 O-* &' ^ v^i A^ A^ 1 ^5^ *iW
wjUJ'nJI C.hflrw aj^ yydl ol*f-> j*-Jtj \^r*J^ CH* J^
jJL^rl jXli 0^*t! **3 0^*^'i AljUk^O C-Ojka^J ^<r^3 aJL^ 15
2. Others read iJL. for UC*., but cf. Goldziher, Mu-
hammedaniscJie Studien, 11. 205, n. 4.
8. jii)l 0^> UJ is equivalent to j*JJ\ 0>3, 353*.
11. 33 jj>* Ul U, "I have nothing to do with diversion."
e
For the use of ^j* see Wright, 11. 132 c.
n
-*H ! J 0>**W *'j J^ ^ ^'j O^ 1 * 31 -*v*p! li*-y
^^-J ^ ^'p jJ^-U O^) J^ j*^' jX*$ ^M *M
U%> Jho* V OLJI ,1 *lJl)jj 'j^lw S-X> A-fyl
/ jj c ' * vt St + ** * 0* ? />
jt Jfl^AJ ^jt j-j ^)- JJJUaM <JU3 ^jaJL) UjJ^C I.Q-JU....4
. jo ^ j 0) - o ^ c^ " ^ ~
ji IJ&SU *j^...o ajyu U 0^3 Ij^li ^rUJi dU-> 1J
, + 0% * +* + , j * , j i *
*a*-ol JjA tj] JUi jJuiJ! ^> J^-^ 6^U*3< t>a*J J^
^5 jl ^ Old jmjj .J* j^l J^> ^3 ^j-jZLaaJt
JO * * J ^ '
W^ iJt jjtJJ\ ^ \J3^i <*** J^ Oj* L/^ ?-J-^
1. ^j^Jjub *$ I* fljA-iJI, an inexact quotation from
Kor., 26, 224226.
' ' 0" 0t* +
4. J**c y. The apodosis is *J! dl*~> LJ, 1. 7.
6. *ub, 304, 14, Rem.
1 0" m JO"
11. Juu}, "and still," "and even now." When juu is
JO" J ^ " ^
thus used, a negative commonly precedes it, e.g., jju C^j^,
11 he has not died yet."
13- oy^J *** **S with the imperfect may be rendered
" sometimes," 362 (z).
J , * * 3'
j * oi 5j w < - .
dJ^UcU ^JLfct *Jl^ J^ oi* ^S^ J"OM C>* WyJ>> *$3
, fey . ^^
IV. CONCERNING POETRY AND POETS.
L5^ Ojjy* >** J*~J ] a * UI *** ^ t-HJ^ C* 1 J^ 5 5
IJjb Ui Ui*]^ o~J o-* r=> s 03&3 \^** ^ Jfo
^* ^>t jjtiJI <jj^ a.JL> oj>v J^-b j-t^ JUjI tjjl- jj*^)
w>^^ Ol*-* iV *r~^ ^Ul l^*J u' J* 5 *** J^* 5
JUp ^>j a- ^>j JUp ^h> j-jAJ ^>j w~~*)1 >UNJ
* * * * * * * 2 * + + ~ +
, *, * * , a * j 0' * * e
woUJI JjUj ^a&JI j^jkk"-! i^JJt OJ^' <v UM L^^^ 10
* r, , , * 16 Ob*
jJ-C OU-^3 'JU8 ^ ^U js* %X$$ (/* A-> JLOAV j^
} , is J J *fk* ' *
AjL> djla^w djjl ojj J^j Uj^>3 UAj^ ^5^ *JJ' w>U>
W )i /
<3U*J ^jJUj 4-UI AjJJj ^-i A^iCaJ! UoJ ^515 J15 jjli aJyi
1. ^-ksiJI. .Spear-shafts of Indian bamboo were im-
ported into Arabia vid al Khatt on the Persian Gulf.
5. ^hj^ O^'' a well-known philologist (died 1005 A.D.).
* a , i / j/ j x
^-LajUI jUo J^5 IjJb /-Jsuj
Jju "v}! Jf J^L' ^j * 4-Uj ^ 0~J ">J ,J
x x - o ^ x o > 3 , Ox I
.-la-^j J^A.1 ^J lZw I L.-Qjfc. i^ij-^ L5^^ *-?J~& 4+*>j*o
x x x 5j x x x o m m
x j ^ j; / o^ Ox
^jjl dLa^J lfcjJL ^JJi iiolp C^JftCJ i^ w j-jt ^>J jju 3-)t
-xj - * , ot. , , o*Zi
05* 05 jj j xx x i- x o*i
j+^\ iLJJI ^J rrj^^i O^ J^ djJL.^ lJU aU.1 Sjjy
i XX Ox X ^ Ox .> Jx J
a metaphor drawn from the frequent comparison of war to a
blazing fire.
2. Metre l>;U^t, 610.
0x3
3. j-opl O^ *^' **** revolted against the Caliph Yazid I,
on whose death he endeavoured to obtain the Caliphate for
himself. He fell in battle, 692 a.d.
xOS
j^>*^b. Al 'Ash tar (died 658 a.d.) was one of the assassins
of the Caliph 'uthman.
x x x Ox
J, -h M J*$i- See Muir, The Caliphate: its rise, decline, and
fall, chapter 35.
7. aJLjKc, the Prophet's favourite wife.
8. tj^f SjJis., " 10,000 dirhems."
X X .' * x J
^H^ O^^*****- ^ ee Ancient Arabian Poetry, pp. 35 36.
Ox x' x Ox
10- O**^ !j-^ O*^ refers to the two water-bags carried by
a camel, one on each side.
b2
jjl~j\j ^fwi i5*>?j* * *ttW JU^ l/^ J-Ji
JUli oU^i wJi 0- (^^ A * # Jj^oi>>dl ^JJ=> a-j^ ku. '3'
JLL JJU.I j^ o-* iJLw ^1 # aJ3 4^j <t*^ J*-i3
, a t oi io * a i o * z -- j - 2 o i io j j
1. Metre ^^kil, 611. The text of these verses given
in the 'iqd al /arid differs considerably from that in the
Hamdsah (ed by Freytag, p. 41). I have adopted the readings
of the latter only when they seemed to me decidedly superior.
&+ t A > J^yJD Wright, ii. 318 b, c.
Text: i^^l Ow l>^ j**^- Translate: "having many
desires and diverse ends and ways (of gaining them)."
2. AJly*Jt, either "places of death" (barren wildernesses),
or figuratively, " enterprises of deadly peril."
** 0*
3. -Jl Jj.j j^. The hero's heart is compared to a sentinel.
W 4
^a serves to define Jl^. Wright, n. 137.
4. Jl "until."
i > 3 '
6. ^o^> a >.oJt, "the man of the tribe of Makhzum."
7. Metre la- Jl, 615.
Text: jLty yXj. "The sons of the wild asses" is
probably a nickname.
J^Z j^Jlf, "one who anoints his eyes with live coals,"
J J JO
JaU^ J3.ii ^ ^ ^U # J&Ji. ij>i ^^L. ^*ii
,jtjL<Jb ^tj tit ojs. <UJt ^aj wJU ^j\ ^ jlu Jl$j
_ OiO' 0* d, * 0, J * 9*0 J J c & * 0* J 0*
w>M Aa*J3 ^iw ^**-oA J*tJ # <* i..la. w>l>^'.3 O'*^* w-*!^
^U^t ajtj.j ^t jis 3
J i * t < J J J ' il <0 *' J ' '
j ^ 0* *o*o* 5 < ?o 2 2 i a ^ ^A < * "
JUa*Jt JLiT^3 L*. UJtj # Ujloj ij^^t wJliM ^aJ ^^o
1 /\ > ^ , *~ si , s J J s * * * 9 0* *01
Si * * i
tp JojU J15j
1. Metre J^Ijt, 611.
^...U, 456 (a).
^e^j. See LHA., 191 seq.
5. Metre k,.Jt, 615.
Vl))%. 3 is the JlaJf ^3, 583.
90* { * % k + ^ ^ ,
6. *Jt a.j, i.e. J***. Aft.3 (O'J^) M-
8. Metre J^Lt, 611.
lyijj^U . The pronoun probably refers to some camels
9. Text: *<^.
m * * it
11. tj ^utf, nickname of Thabit ibn Jabir, a celebrated
Pre-islamic poet. See Ancient Arabian Poetry, p. 15 ; LHA., 81.
T. A. III. B
$js^j\ *** o^ **** ij^ j*> j* *m y
x Ox xx
A**3 JLfc.1 ^.U JC^I ^^b ^ ^A^aJI OUk. j-i ^ O.J
x o j - o i - o * o
# fj J^a A t jiti..o)l C**...a ^3-J *-l.o ^jl
^oKTAj ^.yoJI^ iiloU p-jji\3 5
jo j o * x j < x j*
,>l^3 ^JU jt^S <0 l^li djjuo J>-io ^.U^aJl j-ol JJ3 l*J^
&U*Jt Jlj-3 U^> |>iJ U*=J^ *J !f*>* W t>>b3 J^aJi
0- <*JUt j~* J 13 ^Ul *&~il jtoj^t JU-jj &.yLJ1
J x x x Ox Ox O0 x x W ii
<n ~+ i~j o
( m x c
^oJj o^j-^j ou.t ^xj AAg. 3 AJl* 0~^ j-o !>> clj.j ^jl ^>-J
xo ox xx
4. Metre iu~J1, 615.
6. *.U*aJI, the well-known viceroy of 'iraq under the
Caliph 'abd al Malik. LHA., 201203.
8. ^Uc ^y> 4JUI juc, the Prophet's cousin.
x x
10. p-jjaJ^ ^y^l. These two tribes formed the bulk
of the population of Medina at the time of the Flight.
- o7
11. .~Jdl 1 " al 'utbi relates as follows : "
I
aSjtj^l w*U SpUUM sJJ iSj^h i5^-*' 1 J>j^ 04 **M
ajdb jij^3 jfX^^ udJy\j *U~Jb ^U. w-*3 iyi5j
j o ^ * i j o * j
jut jUfc ^ejW ^>j aAJI juc U*->3 ^-Jb w'W^J' CH J***"}
J ,oi
<*JUI JUfr <U* w..a,.T> c***^ >!/ J^i *J 3^J iJJ 4JJI
5 tils 0jJsJj tjJb >* w^a^l 9JU0 bl b wolj JA J15j
<*Jl=> JA0I3 -ji oul jL=> ^a- J*bo3 ji <uJt jufc
^j-o^Jt *-oju -Jlo ^l aAJt jufc Jlij j^3 5,>l^fc.
J^>\ OjjZ l* *!/ i> Ij-^l J^ ja*j 9-UjJI ^ytbj
but were now dissatisfied with his conduct of affairs broke
away from him and encamped at Harura, a village near al
Kufah. They were called the Kharijites Q^jt^aJt) on account
of their secession (.jjj*.), or the Harurites (<bj^jJI) for the
reason mentioned above.
at * ^* oi
1. A^jlj^l, sing, ic^jjl) name of a Kharijite sect.
2. ^W. Z#J., 8587.
^t. Al 'Ahnaf ibn Qais died about 690 a.d. See
Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary translated by De
Slane, Vol. 1., p. 635.
j9ij^ lived in the latter half of the first century after the
Flight. He defined 4*ju (happiness) as u security, wealth, and
health."
5. *JL^ bt b. 'abdallah ibn Ziyad addresses 'abdallah
ibn Khazim by his ' name of honour.'
IP
^,l> wJjjdt jL^Jl &L> ^>J ^ ^ ^\j9 yj 0^=>3
O-t {/* J**i *v?3 J*f+ O-* h*+ J*** srir* J^PI
^jul^ ^ jJ* )* C^> L5* ajl -** 3 -* 1 SJt*^ >H^
jjj\ 3 ^ V . * , <,*,. ,> ^3 ^1 aWI^ 033J >A^> Jt* >* 0- >A 5
j * j * j <tt" * * w
J^- ^c jJU ij\ ia.5 C^a^i La*,*-*! U I3JI33 i}^j*JI
^ A
4. w**^*N)t ^^^Jb. This metaphor is derived from the
game called j,..^!, which was played with arrows. Seven
persons took part in it, and the holders of lucky arrows won
the camels that formed the stakes. There were also three
unlucky arrows, any one of which might be described as
> , i it.
5. ^o ; a...t. Cf. note on 11, 4.
8. Teit: ^ for^U.
11. Text:jU..
13. t^j^Jt. After the battle of $iffin (657 a.d.) a large
number of those who had supported 'all against Mu'awiyah
III. ARAB KNIGHTS.
^J w^jUI ^li ^t_=> ^^w^lj aJjbUJI ,> w^jUt o 1 -^
jjbu ^j aJ.aUJJ ^y dj^5 ^kc jaxj sj^3 &U> ^
w>3*3 0-jJ^?\ <j^ l<^ ^-^V * */ */&* v>* L53-^ OjiJ
^ ^ * $ + * + TT
0>jj-W.J jJUwO j*-*-^ w^-Jj-w # 4-JLi 4-L* J>U Lj ^J>i-i5 ^
jo j ,, ; / jo**' so* o* j 3 + j hi <o o^
5. j>j-c \JJ **s^;- See Sir Charles J. Lyall's Ancient
Arabian Poetry, pp. 43 45, 55 58.
7. Hassan ibn Thabit, a native of Medina, was a heathen
in his youth but afterwards embraced Islam and employed
his poetical talent in the Prophet's service. He died 674 a.d.
The authorship of these verses is disputed (Aghdni, 14, 131 seq.).
See Ancient Arabian Poetry, p. 55.
8. Metre J-olCll, 606.
9. JjO by poetical licence for aSU. Wright, n. 88 b.
w^jlaJ jL*li, 431. Wright, ii. 68 c.
10. o^^o ja5. Cf. note on 12, 2.
JO J * i b *
wj^ij-c <Jlfr yp* !> . When an Arab is about to slaughter
j j
a camel, he first cuts its hock-tendon (w^S^s).
i r
^ ^ 3 * 3 s , ' 0,33 303
J , J
>0 JJL5 ^Co^-v ^Jbw U-^> J15 j-J8J ^ *yJU UU3 I^JIi 5
JtJUiJ UjU. ^JUt *N)y 1^15 ^JjJ^j L^ ^--3j ^ IjjJI
J ( , * * l ' ' Ml Ml
^^wj dUtj A.yLi J^aJ i<^> ^ i r w A. J ^oii d^JUjt^ Try^ Up
3 ' '
vl 3i Mi . t * * Oi 3 30+ 3+ '
UU. ^h^ j^fcl ^ ^Jli Ut^c c~~1 >>. ^ Op 10
# - ^ - 3 * * * * Oi * \ s 3 3 0' *> '
is parenthetical. Some commentators of this verse regard
, ' ' i'
Jt w%5^ l*- as the subject of ^<Jb, supposing w> to be
redundant ; but we may translate : " Did not he (the mes-
senger) bring thee news of what. ...V
2. Text: 3ji)t Ajbtju. jl> is synonymous with i*Ab
and stands in apposition to it. Render, "a grievous calamity."
4. ^fbjl^fc. Jjm U, "what has become of your wild ass V 1
The question is addressed to the horsemen who were sent by
Hudhaifah ibn Badr to capture and kill Malik ibn Zuhair.
7. lH$, "three nights."
10. Metre ^iiyt, 607.
J5, 151.
11. 3,>^w jJj refers to the Sjlji yj.
1 1
* i ,0 *
** ^x t( o* - * *o i* o * o- J.
^L^i ^>fc. O' >*V 5 J^ # ^^ J~ L$L> O- ^^ *^
\}>J3 AA;>J>^ ^>j ^U-J ^-jAJ CH *WV* er^ >-*-V cJUi
jicj aIU w>jj^' ^ o^j srb b^P ^ bi 1 **-* *^j
2 J Is* *
ij.j i^-JU L-Li^ 0^3 aJU^-" jtr^ sS^-i 0^3 ^>*"i
J J ** -* ^ ^
jljC lyj ^ijlxi i.5C-o l^ ij^li ^J Li*3 li^J ^--3 .j^-kli
*3,0s * i OS- < c *i
^LJ ,--J <J>^ CJ>^ U-> # L5^-5 *L-H^b A^W ^*
^ 3*0*
1. ^^jl^iJt SjX^. This is the celebrated poet and
cavalier, 'antaran ibn Shaddad, author of one of the Mu'allaqdl.
He belonged to 'abs and took part with his tribe in the war
against Dhubyan. LHA., 114.
2. Metre Jk^JsJt, 611.
The Arabs sometimes express admiration of, or
wonder at, a thing by attributing it to God.
oi ,
t^jt is here equivalent to ^jN).
4. aajju>. ^j 2JlJLo-. w> may be rendered "in re-
taliation for." Wright, 11. 161 b 162 a.
11. Metre ^it^JI, 607. These verses belong to the same
poem as those cited above, p. 10, 1. 3.
* %* -i* - " ot 10
*iLi'0 by poetical licence for <iUb. The clause ..- ^^'^
jJb AjUUI iJS. 6}}j3 ^^A-b A-3 jc-3 l^oj *~aJ1 O-*
o- j o ,
^tj* ^ U as* '.3^ * >-* J^ ^* ^J^ J-A
^>*3U;I C~Ju 3 t^gLOU .-jt 0^^3 U**^ O^ V/*-^ ^J^3 &
9 ** *o J 2 ,
WJU 3 wj,aJb ^^liw*^) ^ytyb *^J a5U ^-yJ fjJ^J j*$ Aiw
j # *# ' j * J
dj*o wJJsu j-jAJ Cyf is*** ^' LCJU <u>! jju ^ rta.jj>^
*~0jJt Jk.t ^3 A-J i)uUfc4 ^ *^ i^-JI JUi J^-Jt J^.
j jj*/ j * j 9
WW J - JO "J J ^ ^ wOx
Cl] vo-^ ^/rftJI )-)$ **d-** V"^** dJ^-^ V^*** ie'"t*^
AAjJu*. j--li Ajj-tJl ^jl ^> ALULUt JjJ j-J*j ^j dUU
which are compared to successive shots of an arrow from the
bow(cf. 5^U juJ, p. 11, 1. 3).
*$1* ws-Ajki. The subject of O^Jb3 is a->JUJI djub or some
such phrase, which must be supplied from the context.
3. Metre jiiyi, 607.
Jt U5, "and (hast not thou heard of) what, etc.?"
Aghdni (16, 28, last line) has U^ for Uj.
jLoNl Ol3 was the finishing-point of the course over
which the two horses tried their speed.
12. Text: 3ujJJ\.
t
1
e ^ * + * o * * * * *
i/j o * t o * jS i
j-jAJ ,JJ u**** ^la^ ^^-^-b u^3 Ji*~3' <*-J 0>^J Wi'
j-ou i5U ^^U o^V U-ol^ jju o^ J-o*^ *>- ^Im*"3
,V J^ CH J**- Ch^*^ s j^=> v 1 *^ V*M <*jb \j*3
* i a , * * , * o ^ o
l. )\ j&ytS$ s ^ t mijii\ i^j^f ^5-^ ^W** W>l*<JI ^X-lJ
l^A^JLgli JU AjliJI ^j_ "V^J Is^LH O' UjL> ^^-a-b
J^*. JUi JoliJI o-o lT*^ 1 ^J*- It**-' ^ l^^
10 ^J^jJt 0'>**i ,J ^iJ U~** J^ L/~* 5 ^ *^JJUW jJU ^>J
jjc^JI ^5 ^l Oli J15 J^*Jt JliJt ^ipj ^Jyi ^1
j o - m
\j* 3 L\i)\ JLJj JjjU O^ $U o~aJ3 ?SU Ol*tM
2. Qais ibn Zuhair was chieftain of 'abs. The chieftain
of Dhubyan at this time (the latter half of the sixth century
a.d.) was Hudhaifah ibn Badr, whose brother, Hamal ibn Badr,
matched his mare against Dahis. Both tribes dwelt in the
north-western angle of al Najd, the central highland of the
Arabian peninsula, and on the borders of the Hijaz.
12. V&t OU^J^oJI {j**- Instead of V$ some read
ij
w>*})U:, "a contending for superiority." The speaker means to
say that victory in a race is won by sustained exertion, not by
a single effort. The race itself consists of a number of laps
J 3j . W J if * J ' Si * % st * J t
d*ljj lyJLft JiAj ^ ^J Vf*"b ^J ^ t J W S !/*J< u l
J^j lvJU.Ju O' J* 5 W*W L5^ *-**>* ^*W.$ olaLi AJ^3
J w C J J J 1 ' J JO,
0>3 131 i3UI >| O>o^j-J '>^ lS^ 1 **V v~& J^ 5
O* 0>e^hJ S jj^ W OJl>^ o^-J l^ili L^ol ^^wl j^>3j
aw Zi , J " ' J i , + * z* ^
x ' s C t - J *0 s si'i- t * o i J * *
Op ly-l& ^J_>* *t*' S l^*' L5^ *<jp j^ 1 * >J^*^' d ^
.* , 0, s-ui'5 6 J'
jujith. jv^ *J$^1 ^axJ W^AJ *-^ V^ ^ O^ ^ 10
L,..& obuco. ^ juji ov^' U* pU3i o>?h 'y^
J - Z 1 * oi J 4 ' Q ol
.j-oJI aJJ^ 'w>l^-tfJU ^o-Ul ,JU3 aJUIj a*j/ Jl**l9
^jUj ,j^OM y& O^aU Ua^ ^ aXJI ^^L^ v'Ob
II. THE WAR OF DAHIS AND AL GHABRA.
/ (j * * 0* 3 * 0' i
OW^ vy* 0*V !**Mj ^r: S> *>+* 5 *>*** >' J^-5 15
J ' it , , , ' ' *0>o
^U ^jJI ^^--Jl 0^>^ O 1 *^ Ch> <~*ij UtI i^f4*t i.^ 1
_ _
13. t^ ^'* y ' e unacquainted with the ancient Scriptures,
'Gentile.'
15. Ju* yj\, a famous philologist and antiquary who died
about 825 a.d. LHA., 344.
til J J J
O-* VJJ - ^ i^5* Ol^*i3 *j\ & < * M s^j-^i %\^* \J^ *J>*^
jO>\ Jjl S)l ^Jl\ 3 j^>S 4$\ IjHSj J>^. Ajj9^ w>u5t^ j>*Jt
- o o - z * j jo j - - 'Ot *jc
O-? >> >ir* ^J* ^ ^|JUS)t Ul 3 ^1 4.31 j*vy=>
i j ^ * * j * t - * j oc
i '0
p j i
J 0^ wft i ,0 , * % < I t / x SJ
05 ^ Si - * s J 'J *
. ^e^ 5 * * oi ee- <**
20 tjlwjt t^t jyl& j.a^Jt w)Loa. Utj -^JLftJt^ 2->xJt aJtwt
* j* - * * ' ' . * " '
j j 0* j * j * vte- z '
ObljJ! w^aJJ w^jJt wJl* Ajt^JI ^...cu Utj a*"^p j^-aJt
8 8' * -xj j o
131 lylxj ij-^tj^l >. Ut^ l^ ojaJ ^?yti vW ^^
oUuJ^JI UI3 4jL^oU 'j>- d^JLLbtj <xJU 1^-03 *^a.j Ijj-jI
^j j * z* , * * * * * *
x JO J
6. Text: oJl*.
16. Text: \ 3 ^As . According to Dozy, the use of the
second form of this verb for the fifth is a vulgarism.
X x X x vl Ji 0' 2 X J X <M
w^o ^HN l^** J^i3 L^** 3 0>^? j^UaJI tjJb ^jl t^-o-c-j*
.. 5 ' -> * J x J . x x i j j x
J ' ' <M X X X S
x x i x j o j ^ x x j xx * x * * x x _
i ja-aM C^H /&*& d j-- O" Oi^ ^* ^*^ ^-^' jJj ^
X X XXX
J/ J J * * x *
J x W ul W J 6 x Ox * -
*&0J6x9xxx * x
JJ x x xx x 5 2 x 2 x i x x x
J ox ,x xx x x x *
Ot^JLrL.)! Ol5jl ,-i jULJI ^^axJ ^stjJo^ i^^JI^ jjl^J^I
J x x lit x - - - J x M x <n i. y J OZ
15. la.>wla.JI. Literally, "the goggle-eyed." 'arnr ibn Bahr
al Jahiz of al Basrah, whose appearance gained for him this
xobriquet, by which he is generally known, was a celebrated
theologian and man of letters in the early 'abbasid period
(died 869a.d.). He composed a work on rhetoric, which has
contributed some pages to the present volume, but the words
quoted above in reference to the Ghoul occur in his Kitdb al
IJaiyawdn or Book of Animals (Cairo, 1325 a.h., part 6, p. 48,
1. 10).
0>o^J-{ Jpl t^P> v^"* O* wot;it lit jj&t wJl> GJLJt
JJ0> C ^ 0<-CJ xJ x Hi
jr~*. ^U ^ ^JJI iT^J! Ijjjt J^lj Jjjl ^A JjUM ij\
fi J Hi i it * * * t * J) ul j 5
i/ JJ / J / O J ^ Hi ^
AJ ^-wj AJjIjh*. Os^A3 Ot lib *V>K)3 *)l/*" *** ij*-
^V tjj^u* Jtj.; ^3 J*S 3! OU lit o 1 -^^' J~*r (Ih>
j
2 C^OJ Cs J * *
15 Jyb *iUi ^yj a) Lt^;^ d^.3 j^U 9-ja jjILJI Zjyo
j j -
0, * J j, 0< J ' Q*>
8. Some MSS. of the Mustatrof read t^jUjj .
13. Variant: Jau^Lj (* goes forth ').
17. Metre J.^Jt, 621.
* ' JO* * w * x * x i '
J*J ^Jt 4Jj*i.x*i ^J>t O-? -^ J^ 9 ^ U^>-i
ft * t * * d Ox x o. 2
^jJJI w^aJJI ,J-J1>*Jt l^u ^-jdfcJLJj i*^Jx C^l-^j
o * o * . < j/ j * o * & & $ ,
wiU-J i*^3 15^-^ O-f ^^ j**3 J*J* ^3 JM^ Wj^ 5
*' ' . ' x x x x x J x
^jjt*.^ iotCJI w>L> ^L-*n)I ^j^o ^j-^-s T-i^y* fz3)> i^kj
.j-3 j--^l J*-J w-AjJ! J^A-O wJkJJI O-JtjjUt J^.1
* * * <Lid3l
ttj^ w v>*^' woi^ wj^jjco j^^w v* 5 ^' >*i>^yi J-^i
* J J Ox Ck x x x x J 3 , i
*x Ox i ^ o ^ t , * , x x
<* 0x0x j x Ox J' 9
_I. \fgfap t^jcwj dj*.3 jUC dUSU \^Xas, ^f.,^c Ji.t^ Ole 1^1
oi Z ' ' *j tt0 0" + +
^yyu jJLil o-'i .13 lift aJbl cJU* til JoLjjl o^ is
3. 'abdu '1 Muttalib was the Prophet's grandfather.
4. ^ijjl ^t^lt, 494.
7. ^JbJJt *JUU>, the plates of gold which were affixed
to the door of the Ka'bah.
12. Text: A^jyi for aJUI.
< * Si J ' J Z ' OJJJO'JO* *
j - o o " J ' i Z a* j ) q,, ***
4*3 j> J^ij* C-ol> 3*^b >>t aJ JUj Jwj. di-oJJ jUJI
* o ' * * * St * s * o s St i
o S j
01 JUi 4**l .^J t UAi- ^>ju ju *^j JbJj^Jt j^-^3
hi * ^3< ^ c ,Sii ' ' ' * oi 6 , *
Lol^ bu^t^ ^UJt ,^&^ LjLCd IaL.I 0"*5 wJi-*^
hi ^ J^Ox^hJ^J '
Hi , * o * j * si- *
^5ul J^Jj3 jJix*c b aj ^fcj^ot O*** -/Mr* J^ cAlj- 5 l^
j j *> at j h> ^ ^ j c e - j Of j
^tf^J I^JL*t>-U A*tj-^Jlj ^-iJI j^-t ^5 duUj jSjj} aJJI
1. ^>Cji .... 1^iii5 9j. Kor. 17, 33.
&U\ 6 i2*. f 444(d).
4. Al Farazdaq was a famous poet of the Umaiyad period
(died 728 a.d.). LHA., 242.
8. U^ ti^*-'' v>i- Kor - 5 > 35 -
10. Qusaiy, a legendary ancestor of the Prophet, is sup-
posed to have been the founder of various institutions relating
to the Meccan pilgrimage. LHA., 64.
a 2
^3 O^ srryti >*&* \&i *H&3 u\3 W ^ J&
jvjyh j^>JJI ivJu *>b UUJ cJL-^3 1^15 ^^Jl^ ^>S
O-o ^ tjl 4^' CJ^b J^M o* ji>JJli ^^J Ul_5
d4j.U ^jUau-iJI J^c <> ^^^.j -^j^lj w^LaJ^l^ j-^l^
J ^ m* J . <> * *+ J -3 1} OJZi,,
>V &J* ^ t^V V^ <J*3 ^j \j'r*\ V^ ^
0^3 uf^J voJ ^jv^' >- '3J^ * j j * - j LT^ >*^'
1. -tJI C-Jl. See note on O^^ above.
3. Ul.1 s^-JLo^. " She (the mother) joined the female's
brother (to the female)," i.e. she brought forth two (one female
and one male) at a birth.
6. o*Li3 . . . . C3j. Kor. 5, 92.
16. ^L **3- -- titi- Kor. 16, 60.
I. THE MANNERS, CUSTOMS, AND BELIEFS OF
THE PRE-ISLAMIC ARABS.
lt^" J-* <*** *&* Vjj^i \y&> jt^j ju'i' vj-*^
^3 O-** W v<n^i^-> A<lJ ' V^=>'3 ^J**Jt ol^' V^*?'
w>J^l aJJI ^Js. C)3j^ hj*^ 9 O-^' U&3 >*^- *$3
j i j oi , 3 0, a 3 j , a i
^\ l^jl t^J^-J jj&3 J***^' 0^3 O"^' A . ^^ C*a*.S
2 0/ <> JsOJ s t' < jI
j// o/ *J to* **o 3 3 Si
Lo^io jJ& ^li aJU ^a JISj ljL*t JUtt tjt J^jJI 0^3
3. Ol^f-i ^J*- ^- Kor. 5, 102.
5J^J ^, 448 (/), Rem. b.
5. Jt C-Jl^. The complement of C*Jl* is t^j^o, and
the sense is the same as it would have been if instead of
C*Jlb the author had written t^il^D, which the syntax
requires (Wright, 11. 10 d). Such constructions often occur
when, as here, the substantive verb is separated from its
complement by one or more subordinate clauses.
8. tjl9. Here the complement of ^jl is omitted,
Of/
and the nominal sentence JI jJlc- *^i takes its place.
J4pl, 345, Rem. a (ii).
*JI JjU ^, Wright, 11. 97 b.
T. A. III.
rd
JUN26 1958
University of Toronto
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