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THORNTON'S ARABIC SERIES, 
VOLUME IV. 



ELEMENTARY ARABIC 
THIRD READING-BOOK 



CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS 

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'- 



ELEMENTARY ARABIC ,u,* 

a series planned by 
FREDERIC DU PRE THORNTON 

THIRD READING-BOOK 



BY 

REYNOLD A. NICHOLSON, Litt.D. 

Lecturer in Persian in the University of Cambridge, 
and some time Fellow of Trinity College 




Cambridge : 

at the University Press 

191 1 



Cambrttige : 

PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. 
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 



ih 



PREFACE 

THE First Reading-Book of this Series includes a portion 
of Wright's Arabic Reading- Book (pp. 1364), and the 
present volume contains the remainder (pp. 64 208). Two 
short passages have been omitted, namely, on p. 162, the Fdtihdh 
or opening chapter of the Koran (printed in the First Reading- 
Book, p. r), and on pp. 163-4 the dyak al kursi or "throne- 
verse," Kor. 2, 256 (printed in the First Reading-Book, p. p). 
I have also substituted for the tenth Maqamah of al Hariri 
(Wright, pp. 168 172) the eleventh, as being more suitable to 
Western taste'. 

The Glossary has been considerably lightened by the omission 
of (a) most proper names, (b) numerals, (c) particles and other very 
common words, e.g., pronouns and prepositions. While with its 
help the reader should be able to translate the Arabic, he must 
look elsewhere for the historical and literary information which 
in many places is indispensable for the proper understanding of 
the text. I have rarely attempted to give such information in 
the foot-notes they are to be regarded only as a supplement to 
the Glossary but in setting forth the source of the various pieces 
comprised in this volume I shall have occasion to mention some 
English and other translations which students may consult with 
advantage. 
I. Historical Extracts 1 . 

The first is taken from de Sacy's Chrestoinathie Arabe, vol. i, 

i ,0* 

p. r r, collated with Ahlwardt's edition of the Fakhri (jj^^JUt), 
or History of the Caliphs by Muhammad ibn 'all ibn Jabataba, 
who died shortly after 700 A.H., 1300 A.D., p. f^fc (Derenbourg's 
edition, p. fA | ). De Sacy has given a French translation of 
this passage with copious notes. 

1 The following paragraphs are copied without much alteration from 
Wright's Preface, pp. x xxii. 



VI PREFACE 

The second extract, describing the brilliant campaign of 
Almanzor (Al Mansur ibn 'abi 'amir) against the Christians 
of Galicia, which resulted in the capture of San Jago de 
Compostella (387 A.H., 997 A.D.) is taken from al Maqqari, 
edited by Dozy and others, vol. i, p. p 1 1 collated with the 
corresponding passage of al Baydn al mughrib of Ibn al 'adhari, 
who nourished at the end of the thirteenth century (Dozy's 
edition, vol. ii. p. p* | 1 ). 

The third extract, describing the capture of 'akka (Acre) 
by the Crusaders in 587 A.H., 1191 A.D., may be found in 
Tornberg's edition of the Kdmtt filtalrikkj or " Great Chronicle," 
of 'izz al din ibn al 'athir al Jazari (ob. 630 A.H., 1232-3 A.D.), 
vol. xii. p. f- \ . 

II. Biographical extracts. 

The four biographies of eminent Arabic writers are all 

dt.O-0 J ,, 

derived from the oW^' "^WfS) or "Biographical Dictionary," 
of Shams al din 'ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khallikan who 
was born at Irbil (Arbela) in 608 A.H., 1211 A.D., and died at 
Damascus in 681 A.H., 1282 A.D. The British Museum possesses 
the first half of this work in the author's autograph manuscript, 
finished at Cairo in 655 A.H., 1257 A.D., and from it Wright 
took the text of the first two lives that are given here. In 
Wustenfeid's edition the numbers are r*A^ , po | , &A, and 
C A | , corresponding to pp. 123, 249, 594, and 597 in the second 
volume of the English version by de Slane. 

III. Extracts from geographers and travellers. 

The first is from the ,jljJuT4>^ (Book of the Countries) 
by 'ahmad ibn 'abi Ya'qub ibn Wadih al Ya'qiibi, who composed 
this work in 278 A.H., 891 A.D. The description of al Maghrib, 
i.e., North Africa and Spain, has been edited by de Goeje 
(Leyden, 1860), and the account of Spain occurs there at p. | p. 

The second is from the^a* .?, t U ^a* .*.*, or "Alphabetical 
Dictionary of the less known names of Places," by 'abu 'ubaid 
'abdallah ibn 'abd al 'aziz al Bakri, who died in 487 A.H., 
1094 A.D. As this work was first edited by Wiistenfeld in 



PREFACE Vll 

1876, six years after the publication of the Reading-Book, 
Wright derived his selections, in the first instance, from Reiske's 
Primae lineae historiae regnorum Arabicorum, which was edited 

by Wiistenfeld in 1847. The article JJJA. will be found in 
Wusteiifeld's edition of the Mu'jam at p. [** | f , and the article 
Ul^, at p. f f V Where Wright's text differs from Wiisten- 
feld's, I have generally followed the latter. 

The passages from the Mushtarik or "Lexicon of Geo- 

* o j *o iO>o f * - <> l Ota j 

graphical Homonyms," buLa Jj^AoJI^ Ix-^j l)j..t.^Ji ^U, are 

taken from Wiistenfeld's edition, pp. f$, | p, and f !** 
Yaqut ibn 'abdallah al Hamawi, the author of this work and 

00>a j * o i 

of the great geographical dictionary entitled ^tjJUt ^a^.T-c, 
died in 626 A.H., 1229 A.D. 

The fourth extract is from 'abu '1 Fida's Taqwim al Bulddn 
or " Synoptical View of the Countries," as edited by Reinaud 
and de Slane, p. f fO- The author, 'abu '1 Fida 'isma'il ibn 
'ali, surnamed al Malik al mu'aiyad 'imacl al din, was descended 
from the brother of the great alah al din (Saladin). He was 
horn in 672 A.H., 1273 A.D. ; ruled over the principality of 
Hamat ; was the author of various works, of which the best 
known are his Geography and his Compendium of History, 

and died in 732 A.H., 1331 2 A.D. 



A French translation of this passage will be found in the 
Geographic cFAboulfeda traduite de tarabe by Reinaud and 
Guyard, vol. ii, pp. 1 16. 

The fifth extract is from the Travels of Ibn Jubair, Wright's 
edition, p. 215 = 2nd ed., revised by de Goeje, p. 214. The 
author, 'abu '1 Husain Muhammad ibn 'ahmad ibn Jubair al 
Kinani, was born at Valencia in 540 A.H., 1145 A.D., set out 
from Granada in January 1183, and returned home in April 
1185, having visited in the interval Egypt, Arabia, Mesopotamia, 
Syria, Palestine, and Sicily. There is an Italian version by 
Schiaparelli (Rome, 1906). 



viil PREFACE 

The sixth extract is furnished by the Travels of Ibn 
Batutah as edited by Defremery and Sanguinetti, vol. iv. p. 110. 
In this edition a French translation accompanies the text. 
Muhammad ibn 'abdallah, commonly called Ibn Batutah, a 
Berber of the Lawatah tribe and a native of Tanjah or Tangier, 
was born in 703 A.H., 1304 A.D., and died in 779 A.H., A.D. 
1377 8. He left his native place at the age of 22 and did 
not return to it for a period of 24 years, having visited in the 
interval Egypt, Arabia, Syria, Mesopotamia, Persia, Asia 
Minor, the south of Russia, Constantinople, Bokhara, Afghan- 
istan, northern and southern India, and China. Immediately 
after his return home, he started again for Spain, and in 1351 
for the interior of Africa, whence he returned in 1354, having 
visited the two capitals of Melli and Timbuctu. The narrative 
of his travels was drawn up by Muhammad ibn Muhammad 
ibn Juzai (iCj-*-) &1 Kalbi, at the command of the Sultan of 
Morocco, 'abu 'man Faris, in 1356. 
IV. Grammatical extracts. 

o S> >o j z * J ' 

The first three are from the Mufassal, ^a^Jt .J J^A-p.) 1 , 
of al Zamakhshari, as edited by Broch, pp. | f | , | p"*, and 
| ^p. Mahmud ibn 'umar al Zamakhshari was born at Za- 
makhshar, a small town in Khwarazm (Khiva), in 467 A.H., 
1075 A.D., but he spent the greater part of his life at Mecca., 

whence he is usually called aJUl jU. or "the guest of God." 
He was one of the ablest, as well as most versatile, writers of 
his day, equally distinguished as a commentator on the Koran, 
a traditionist and jurist, a grammarian, lexicographer, and 
rhetorician. Of his grammatical works the best known are the 

j s j f. Os 

Mufassal and its epitome, ^^j^)\ or "the Specimen." He 
died in 538 A.H., 1144 A.D. 

The fourth extract is from the 'alfiyall of Ibn Malik, with 
the commentary of Ibn 'aqil, as edited by Dieterici, p. f*1 1 
The author of the 'alfiyah, Jamal al din Muhammad ibn 
'abdallah, was a native of Jaiyan, or Jaen, in Spain, who died 



PREFACE IX 

in 672A.H., 1273-4 A.D. He entitled his work ^ io*}UJt 
tt j "the Quintessence on Grammar," but as it consists of 



1000 (or, strictly speaking, 1002) verses, it is more usually 

3 ul 6l Of 

known by the name of ^uAi^t. The commentator 'abdallah 
ibn 'abd al Rahman ibn 'aqil died in 769 A.H., 1367-8 A.D. 
There is a German translation by Dieterici and one in French 
by Pinto. 

V. The account of the religious opinions of the Arabs in "the 

* yt tO f OA J 

days of ignorance" is taken from the Jo^-Jlj J-UJI ^U^ of 
'abu '1-Fath Muhammad ibn 'abd al Karim al Shahrastani, who 
was born in 479 A.H., 1086 A.D., at Shahrastan, a town in 
Khorasan, and died there in 548 A.H., 1153 A.D. This passage 
occurs in Cureton's edition at p. pf f (Haarbriicker's German 
translation, Part ii, p. 337). 

VI. The extracts from the Koran are given according to the 
text of al Baiclawi in Fleischer's edition of his Commentary, 
and translations of them all may be found in Lane's Selections 

from the Kur-dn. 

VII. Specimens of rhymed prose. 

The first of these is the eleventh Maqamaft of al Hariri, 
taken from the edition of de Sacy, re-edited by Reinaud and 
Derenbourg, vol. i. p. | f | . The student will find it rendered 
into English in Chenery's Assemblies of al Hariri, p. 164. Al 
Qasim ibn 'ali al Hariri was born at al Basrah IB 446 A.H., 
1054 A.D., and died there in 515 or 516 A.H., 1121 or 1122 A.D. 

<* iO j s 

The second specimen is extracted from the <^~^Jt *.&> of 

al Maqqari, vol. i. p. I . o of the Leyden edition. The author, 
'abu '1 'abbas 'ahmad ibn Muhammad al Maqqari was born at 
Tilimsan in Algeria about 1000 A.H., 1591 A.D., and died at 
Cairo in 1041 A.H., 1632 A.D. 

The third specimen is a selection from the ^JbJJt Jft^bt or 
" Golden Necklaces " of al Zamakhsjiari. The text of this work 
has been badly edited and worse translated by von Hammer. 



x PREFACE 

An edition of the Arabic text, with French translation and 
notes, by Barbier de Meynard appeared in 1876, and there are 
two German translations with critical notes by Fleischer and 
Weil. The paragraphs chosen by Wright are Nos. | , p, v, 
I ., M- I v, r, r I, rv, ~., rr, PC, and v | in von 
Hammer's edition. 

VIII. Poems. 

The seven qasidahs (odes) given as specimens of Arabic 
poetry all belong to the pre-Muhammadan period, except the 
last two. 

The poem of Imru'u'l Qais, " the greatest of the poets and 
their leader into hell-fire " (as the Prophet is reported to have 
said) occurs at p. fp in his Diwdn as edited with Latin 
translation by de Slane. Wright's text and commentary are 
taken from the Bodleian MS. Marsh. 335. 

The poem attributed to al Samau'al (Samuel) ibn 'adiya is 
taken from the Hamdsan of 'abu Tammam, p. f-^ of Freytag's 
edition ; and that of Ta'abbata Sharran from the same work, 
p. TA T. The scholia are omitted in both cases. Both these 
poems have been admirably done into English verse with 
explanatory notes by Sir Charles J. Lyall in his Ancient 
Arabian Poetry, pp. 20 and 48 ; a somewhat less exact verse- 
translation of the latter poem will be found in my Literary 
History of the Arabs, p. 98. 

The ode of 'alqamah ibn 'abadafa and the commentary 
accompanying it are taken from the Bodleian MS. Marsh. 335. 
The text of the poem, with a German translation, has been 
published by Socin in his edition of 'alqamah's Diwdn. 

The elegy of Sakhr ibn 'abdallah on his son Talid is from 
the Diwdn of the Hudhalis, in the part edited by Kosegarten, 

p.n. 

The lament of 'abu '1 Shaghb al 'absi is reprinted from 
Wright's Opuscula Arabica, p. ^ , with which compare the 

of 'abu Tammam, ed. Freytag, pp. p* 1 v and ^v T. 
The poem of Tab man ibn 'amr al Kilabi, demanding 



PREFACE XI 

vengeance on the Haruris for the cutting off of his right hand, 
is also in the Opuscula, at p. Ap (cf. Noldeke's Delectus car- 
minum arabicorum, p. 92). The poet lived in the time of the 
earlier 'umaiyad Caliphs, his death taking place during the 
reign of 'abd al Malik (685705 A.D.). His Duvdn was 
collected and annotated by the grammarian al Sukkari. 

Wright mentions in the preface of his Reading-Book a large 
number of misprints and other errors in the text which were 
corrected by himself and his friend Professor Fleischer of Leipzig. 
These corrections have been embodied in the present volume and 
I need not specify them here. Some of the following additional 
emendations are due to the late Professor de Goeje, who kindly 
communicated them to me; those to which no initials are attached 
I have ventured to make on my own responsibility. The corrections 
derived from Wtistenfeld's edition of al Bakri and de Goeje's edition 
of Ibn Jubair are not included in this list. 

Text r, 6 = Wright 65, 5. J^l J*3 for ^1 J-J. I have sub- 

stituted ^1 for ^1 throughout according to the rule stated 
in Wright's Grammar, 3rd ed., n. 47 AB. 

A A * 

Text | . , 7 = Wright 71 penult. ,\j+*M for ^Ij-^t (de G.). 



Text |a, 7 = Wright 76, 8. ^ for ^> (de G.). 

Text | c, 9 = Wright 76, 10. ^tyljl for ^\^h\ (de G.). 

Text M , 17 = Wright 77, 15. A)US for 



Text r 1 , 1 = Wright 81, 10. Ijlj for> 13 1 j. Wright 

in his preface accepts Fleischer's emendation J&\ 31 , 

) * ~ t 
but the 4-oUJUI I>J seems to me more natural. 

Text r r, 1 = Wright 82, 8. ^ ^ for Sj^i. ^ (de G.). 

Textrv, 3 = Wright 95, 1. 
e G.). 



xii PREFACE 



Text rv, 10 = Wright 95, 8. JUjl Ol> for JUojt Ot j ; and 
so I** A, 2 and 4. 

Text p., 11 = Wright 97, last line. JJkJui-Ju-ij for ^XUJU 
(Labid, ed. by Huber, XLI, 45). 

Text pr, 4 = Wright 100, 9. j^l JU-jj j\ for j^l JUbj j^il 

(de G.). 
Text FT, 2 = Wright 103, 1. ji for wJ^L (de G.). 

Text IP, 15 = Wright 119, 3 from foot. JL.J for 



Text VA, 16 = Wright 132, 1. J*ij for 

5 ~~ 
Text | . r, 6 and 7 = Wright 150, last line, and 151, 1. l>j for 

Zj 

] * 
Text | c, 2 = Wright 153, 6. ^~^o for^JLo. Cf. Tabari, 

i. 940, 14. 



Text | , 5| , 1 = Wright 156, 14. * ^3 for 

Text M , 5 = Wright 157, 16. ,1^ for 

Text M P, 13 = Wright 161, 10. ^>$1 for 

Text | |p, 14 = Wright 161, 11. JliljTfor 

x 

Text ||c, 7 = Wright 162, 1. 3 ^l fo 

Text ! r r, 13 = Wright 175, penult. I^L-j for 

Text | TV, 13 = Wright 180, 3. ji for jLi. 

Text | pv, 2 = Wright 187, 17. JjJ for JjJ. 



Text |p v, 13 = Wright 188, 8. 

Text | p^ , 16 = Wright 189, last line. AAZ3 for ,^-U 



Text UP, 9 = Wright 194, 11. IJjk fo 

Text |oo, 6 = Wright 195, 8. >1 Sj^iyb for 13 1 



PREFACE Xlll 

The use of the Glossary will be facilitated if attention is paid 
to the following explanation. 

Wherever in the glossary the first or ground form of a verb 
is mentioned as occurring in the text, a line is ruled and the 
characteristic vowels are placed above or below, thus : 

* e. J 

- 'akhadha ya'khudhu to take. 



- hasada yahsidu and yahsudu to envy. 

When the first form of the verb does not occur in the text, 
the radical letters only are given, thus JUk IV to set free, for 
the fourth form of talaqa has that meaning; and when the 
second and third radicals are identical, the perfect is not vowelled, 
thus : 



- zanna yaztmnu to think. 
Where needful a preposition appears, thus : 
khala yakhlu to be past, but 
- khala bi, yakhlu bi, to be alone with, and 

J 

khala min, yakhlu min, to be empty of. 



The vowels of each verb's first and final radical are unmarked, 
they being invariably fathah ; also fathah is omitted before 1 and 
3, as no other vowel is permissible. 

In case a noun is diptote, its final consonant bears dammah, 

J 

thus aJlao the river Tigris, but triptotes are not marked with 
tanwin, thus ^jl^.> for dukhanun smoke ; nor are sound feminine 
plurals, thus OU-j^J for tamimatun, amulets. 

* 

The following abbreviations are used : 

* 

p. for ***. jam* plural. 

>.*. for w*J^t ?-** j am ' u '1 mu'annath plural of tlw femi- 

nine. 

z i 
j* for w*Jj- feminine. 



XIV PREFACE 



for . ^to muthanna dual. 



Ace. for accusative. 

A.H. for Anno Hegirae, thus 75 A.H. denotes the seventy- 
fifth lunar year after the S^shJb Hegira (Flight of the 
Prophet from Mecca) in 622 A.D., which marks the com- 
mencement of the Muhammadan era. 

Fig. for figuratively. 

Imp/, for imperfect. 

Inf. for infinitive. 

= for equivalent to. 
It should also be mentioned that the masdar follows its verb 

in the accusative case : thus UaL> <+AJ ba'atha ba'than signifies 
that ba'th is the masdar of ba'atha. The reader will perceive 
the distinction made throughout this volume between ^ and ^, 
the former being always written when the letter has its ordinary 
sound, namely i (pronounced ee) or y, whereas ^ is written only 
when it has the sound of d. 

As regards the grammatical references in the Notes, those 
without author's name (for example, 407) refer to the sections 
of Mr Thornton's Grammar, which appeared in 1905 as the first 
volume of this Series ; but I have often referred to the 3rd edition 
of Wright's Arabic Grammar (1898), using the abbreviation 
' Wright,' LHA. denotes my Literary History of the Arabs ( 1 907). 

In taking leave of the task which Mrs Thornton entrusted to 
me on the death of her husband eight years ago, I would express 
the hope that Thornton's Series will prove to be a worthy 
memorial not only of its founder, but also of the great Cambridge 
scholar whose Grammar and Reading-Book it has adapted with 
the purpose of making them more widely available to students 
of the Arabic language and literature. 

REYNOLD A. NICHOLSON. 
CAMBRIDGE, 
April, 1911. 



CONTENTS 



PAGES 

I. Historical Extracts. 

1. Ja'far ibn Yahya the Barmecide, the vizier 

of Harun al Rashid I ! * 

2. The Campaign of al Mansur (Almanzor) ibn 

'abi 'amir in Galicia and the capture ef San 

Jago de Compostella . . . . | . | p 

3. The capture of 'akka, or St Jean d'Aere, by 

the Crusaders ... | p P I 

II. Biographical Extracts. 

1. The Life of 'abdu '1 Malik al asma't . . P I M 

2. The Life of 'abu 1 Faraj al 'isbahani . . n P 1 

3. The Life of al Bukhari .... r.~r 

4. The Life of al Tabari pT ro 

III. Extracts from Geographers and Travellers. 

1 . The Description of Spain from the Kitdbti 'I 

Bulddn of al Ya'qubi .... f^ P"A 

2. Extracts from the Geographical Dictionary of 

'abu 'ubaid al Bakri, entitled the Mu'jam 
rna'sta'jam ...... fA ^p 

3. Extracts from the Mushtarik of Yaqut al 

Hamawi } C P ^1 

4. Part of 'abu '1 Fida's Description of Syria . M 1 . 

5. Ibn Jubair's arrival at Baghdad and his de- 

scription of that city . . . . 1 vp 

6. Ibn Batutah's account of the Maldive Islands v} A 6 



XVI CONTENTS 

PAGES 

IV. Grammatical Extracts. 

1. From the Mufassal of al Zamakhshari . A 6 ^ 

2. From the 'alfiyah of Ibn Malik, with the 

Commentary of Ibn 'aqil . . . ^ | ^ A 

V. Extracts from the Kitdbu 7 Milal wa 7 Nikal 

of al Shahrastani, relating to the religious 

opinions of the pre-islamic times ^ A | | 1 

VI. Extracts from the Koran . . . . | |M | r I 

VII. Specimens of Rhymed Prose. 

1. The eleventh Maqdmah of al Hariri . . | f f I T v 

2. The Address of 'abu Bahr Saf wan ibn 'idrls 

to the 'amir 'abdu '1 Rahman ibn Yusuf . | f A | TF 

3. Select sayings from the 'atwdqu 'I Dhahab of 

al Zamakhshari ..... Ifo I ""^ 

VIII. Poems. 

1. Imru'u '1 Qais 

2. al Samau'al ibn 'adiya 

3. Ta'abbata Sharrail .... 

4. 'alqamah ibn 'abadah 

5. akhr ibn 'abdi 'llah al Hudhali 

6. 'abu '1 Shaghb al 'absi 

7. Tahman ibn 'amr al Kilabi 

Glossary . . . . . . . -jvp 



Pi- 

^A 

i r- 

1 A 



ERRATA AND ADDENDA 

P. | v, 1. 19. For O-O** 1 rea d CKJ**'- The dual must be allowed 



to stand as in Wright's text, although the following pre- 
dicate is in the plural and three (not two) 'amirs are 
mentioned by name on p. | A, 11. 3 4. 

P. TO, 1. 9, note. u^j^H OtJ signifies "fountains" and is so 



explained in al Tha'alibi's Thimdr al qulUb ji 'I muddf wcCl 
marisub. I am indebted to Professor Margoliouth for this 
reference. 

P. - . , 1. 6. For J 

P. r 1 , 1. 2. For J j+~i read 

P. rv, 1. 3. For Jjju'N)! read 

P. TV, 1. 16. For ^ read ^i. 

P. -A, 1. 9. For bpu> read 

P. pr, 1. 8. For JUfrC read 

P. CA, 1. 3. For .jSuj read 

P. IA, 1. 8. For Uj^j read 

P. A ! , 1. 8. For SjU^Jt read S 

P. AV, 1. 3. For Jjuu read Jjuu. 

P. ^ c, 1. 14. .For 

P. ^ A, 1. 2. .For 



XV 111 ERRATA AND ADDENDA 



> o *s. <j o 

V. 1 1 a, 1. 7. For jj+f>\ read 



P. || 1, 1. 1, note. Professor Margoliouth suggests that 

stands for Jx^lJt (=-- gCjjjl 4). Cf. 'aghdnt, 10, 42, 17sqq. 



P. I I V, 1. 10. For Uu read 



P. | r|, 1. 12. /V y^Jlj rea^ 3>JLaJ 13. 

d x C i o . 



P. | r r, 1. 3. 

P. | r A, 1. 12. For jUaJt read 

P. |CC, 1. 4. jForjU^aJI ?-erf 

P. |11,1. 10. For UJuli reoJ 

P. ( M V, 1. 7. #w ^y 7-eac? ^s 

P. | 1 v, 1. 8. 



GLOSSARY 



Belonging to al Yaman, 

a Yaman sword, clouds com- 
ing from al Yaman. 

Right wing (of an army). 
Blest. 

see 



Day, day of 
battle. 

On that day. 



IV bi, become sure 

of, know for certain, have 

firm faith in. 
Certain, real, actual. 

Sea. J_ 

J 

Prosperity ^j-o-j 

(bestowed by God), blessing. 

The Yaman, South 

Arabia. 
Right hand. 



GLOSSARY 



Give. 
Munificent. 



Lowland, valley. 

Imagine, form a 

vain fancy : Y imagine. 

Become weak, lose 
courage. 

Weakness, defect, 
fault. 

Become dilapidated 
or decayed. 

Woe. 



Saint, holy man, 

next of kin, near, appropriate, 
worthy ; bi, worthy of. 
Governor. Jlj 

Government (of a 
province). 

Saddle-cloth. 
A kind of cloth. 

Elative of .Jj. 

Lord. 

Harlot. 

Cease. 



L5^ 



princes of al Yaman), Yaman Be dry. 
spear. 

II make easy, 

facilitate: TV of a woman, Become an 
have an easy parturition : 
VI go in the direction of 
the left hand. 

Left hand. 
Few, little. 



Game of hazard played 
with arrows. 

Left wing (of an army). 

T A. IV. 



Dry. 



orphan. 
Hand, fore- 



jul 

" 



leg (of an animal), a united 
body. 

XX X Ox 

Before, in front of, 
in the presence of. 

Belonging to Dhu 

Yazan (one of the Himyarite 



GLOSSARY 



TAA 



Beget, bear (a child) : jjj - 
II produce : V be produced. 

Son, child ; collective, jjj 

children. 
Birth. 

Mother. 
Birth. 

Son. 

An antelope 

marked with black stripes. 

*0s 

Be near, be near Uj .Jj 



Position, dignity. 



or next to, adjoin, be ap- 
pointed to (an office) : II 
turn one's back, retire, depart ; 
double ace., appoint to the 
command of, make governor 
or superintendent of : III do 
(anything) without inter- 
ruption : V take charge of, 
look after; 'an, turn away 
from : VI follow one another 
without interruption : X 'ala, 
make one's self master of, 
gain dominion over. 

Clientship, the relation *^ 
of client or patron. 

of HI. 



Stand, stand 

up ; 'ala, become acquainted 
with, discover, read (a letter), 
be constantly occupied with 
(anything) : X cause to stop, 
arrest (the eye). 

Endowment. 



. 0133 



Position, 
station. 

Guard, protect: V 

min, guard one's self against : 
VIII guard one's self against, 
beware of, fear God. 

God-fearing. Ai5 

Fear of God, piety. 
That which guards or 
protects, guarantee. 

V support one's self 

(on a staff), lean : VIII sup- 
port one's self, recline. 

Ace. and 'ila, entrust 



(anything) to (any one) : II 
ace. of person and bi, put 
(any one) in charge of (any- 
thing). 

Authorised agent, pro- 
tector. 



TAV 



GLOSSARY 



agree, be in unison ; 'ala, 
agree on or be unanimous in 
(anything); bi, coincide with. 

Keep a promise, i\i^ 



pay ; ace. and 'ala o/* person, 
bring (anything) in full 
measure to (any one) : II pay 
in full : III come to, meet : 
IV rise into view, approach; 
bi, fulfil (a promise) : V of 
God, take to himself; passive, 
die (a blessed death): X do 
(anything) completely, com- 
plete. 
Death. 



Appointed time or place, 

Be rugged or 
rough. 

Rugged ground, 

Warn, admonish, Uifr^Ja 
preach. 

Preacher. 






Warning, ^ -w a 

admonition. 



Time. 

V be impudent. 

Impudent, shameless. 

Impudence, effrontery. 
IV kindle (a fire). 

Dignity, j 

austerity. 

Fall, befall, 



Mountain-goat. 

IV inflame (with j.$ 

anger), incense. 
IV enter far (into 



happen, be; fi, arrive at or 
in ; 'ala, meet with, find : IV 
bi, exterminate: V expect. 

Battle. 

Same meaning. 



anything), sail far out to sea. 

Come (as envoy) to, 
come to. 

Preserve (any one's 



honour): II make ample or 
abundant. 
Wide, ample. 



Name of a metre. 

X make haste in one's j^j - 
journey, be in a hurry. 

II of God, cause to J^j - 
succeed, help: Illagreewith, 
be agreeable to, coincide with, 
meet : VIII happen, occur, 



GLOSSARY 



Testamentary injunction, 
will. 



Same meaning, ej 9. 
recommendation. 



Religious 



J X P 



ablution, water for (religious) 
ablution. 



Be conspicuous : ~ 
IV elucidate. 



Whiteness. 

Put, place, lay, 

found : II abase : VI abase 
one's self, be humble. 

Low, humble. 



Abasement. 
Place, situation. 

Object, situation. 

Tread, traverse: 

II tread ; agree with, be 
equivalent to. 

Soft, smooth. 
Need. 



Abode, country, home. 
Place of abode, place. 

Promise. 



bi and 'ila, bring a 

false report of (any one) to 

(any one). 
Speckled, spotted. 

Disease, w^-o^ 
sickness. 

f 

Describe. U- 

Quality, description, 
epithet. 

f 3 

Join, arrive, ^3- 

arrive at, make lasting or 
continuous; 'ila, reach, at- 
tain : III ace. of person and 
bi, bestow gifts or money on 
(anyone): VI continue with- 
out interruption : VIII be 
contiguous or continuous or 
uninterrupted ; bi or 'ila, be 
joined to, adjoin, be con- 
nected with. 

oc. a i 

Joint, limb. JUsj! . J*oj 
IV give testa- .-03 - 

mentary injunctions, make a 
will, give a testamentary 
injunction to (any one); bi, 
give (anything) as a precept, 
direct (anything) to be done 
by testament ; occ. of person 
and bi, enjoin (any one) to 
do (anything). 



GLOSSARY 



Of middle size. 

II widen : IV make 

large : V f i, be at one's ease 
in (doing anything), have no 
difficultyin (doing anything) : 
VIII be spread or extended, 
be wide or extensive ; li, be 
sufficient for. 

Wide, spacious, ample, f-'b 
abundant, rich. 

Width, extent, abundance, 
copiousness. 

Elative of *-Jj. 

X become gathered 

into a herd, troop. 
V bi, seek (any 






one's) favour by means of 
(anything). 

Mediation, J3Lj <U-^j 
means of access, means of 
obtaining a favour. 

A plant 4*0-^3 - 



from which indigo is made. 
Slumber. 
V bi, be girt or 



girdled with (anything). 
IV be near. ,*U, 



Small quantity of water, water 
which trickles from a rock. 



Abstaining g)j jj - 
from what is unlawful, devout, 
conscientious. 

Of a shadow, extend 
far. 

IV put forth leaves. 

Collective, leaves. 

Dark-coloured, dirty 

(garment). 
Ill conceal, cover 

(in the tomb). 

Collective, mankind. 
Behind, beyond, gj^j O-*3 



,,0'f. 



Burden. 

Minister of a sovereign, 

vizier. 
Office of vizier. 



Ob 



,les. 



Measure, 

metre. 
Measure, 

weight, balance, sea 
III compensate, 

recompense. 
Cushion. 

V be in the middle, Jxwj 
occupy a middle position. 

Amidst. 

os. 

Middle, waist. JL>jt 



GLOSSARY 



Quick, 
sudden. 



StJ 



Love. 

Loved one, dear friend. 

Let, let be, let alone, 



leave : IV double ace., give 
(any one anything) to keep. 

x x 

Collective, cowries. 
Leave-taking, farewell. 

Placed, deposited in 
safety. 

Fat, grease. 



Valley, watercourse. 

II double acc. t leave ^ 

(anything) behind to (any 
one), bequeath (anything) to. 

Come down to (a 3^3 - 

watering-place), come down, 
arrive,; ace. or 'ala, come to, 
have recourse to: IV bring 
down to (a watering-place). 

Ox 

Rose. 3^3 

Jugular vein. 

A number of persons 

coming down to a watering- 
place. 



II ace. or bi, send : A^J 

III face : V turn one's self 
(in a certain direction), set 
out. 

j * j j ox 

Face, d.._5l_5 ^5^-j ?- ^^-3 

surface, quarter, direction, 
way, manner, grammatical 
form or construction, self- 
respect. 

Eminent, distinguished. 



Eminence, distinction. 
Side, quarter, direction, 
adjacent region. 

Opposite, over against. 
II mark (a letter) 

with one point, declare the 

unity of God. 

Alone, by himself. 
Solitary, alone. 

One, single, singular 

number. 
IV sadden, fill 



with regret : X. live in soli- 
tude, be wild or savage. 

Wild beast. 



Grief, distress, distrust, 
unfriendliness. 

Wild beaat. 



GLOSSARY 



Fear. 

Break (a bone 

which had formerly been set). 

Pour. *^Ub JU 

x 

Passionate 
love. 

Thirsty. 



Elative of &A. O^ 

X 

<: x 

Desire, L^S** L^>* ~ 

passion. 

Air. J^A 

II prepare, arrange : LA - 
V prepare one's self, be ready. 

Fashion, manner. 



Be necessary : 

IV render necessary, assert ; 
'ala, make (anything) in- 
cumbent upon (any one). 

Be grieved. I, 
Find. 



Realisation, existence, 

world. 
Existent, actually 

present. 
IV cause to suffer. 



gallop. 
Frightened. 

x 

Cast down the eyes 
(in fear). 






and elevated ground. 



Bury (a female 

child) alive. 
Pestilential, 

malarious. 

Fur, hair (of 
an animal). 
Of small j- 

value, worthless. 
Way of acting. 

Leap, spring. 

bi, have confidence 
in, be confident of. 

One in whom confidence <Uu 
is placed, trustworthy au- 
thority. 

Covenant. 

Idol. 
Palpitate. 






GLOSSARY 



matical term, compression of 
the upper part of the wind- 
pipe, hamzaH. 
IV leave (a letter) 



without diacritical points. 

Of camels, left without 

a shepherd ; fig., neglected. 

Here. ui - 

There. 

II ace. and bi, felici- UA 

tate (any one) upon (any- 
thing), wish (any one) joy of 
(anything). 

J O 0- 

India, the Indians. 
The Jews. 
Terrify. 

Fear, terror, J'^*' 

danger. 
II nod. 



A bird that was 

believed by the pagan Arabs 
to come forth from the skull 
of a dead man, wraith. 

Be despised : 



IV make of little account or 
despicable : X bi, make or 
think little of (anything). 

Easy, of little account ; ^A 
'ala, easy for (any one to do). 



Broken, 
shattered. 



>. 
Hill, plateau. 

2 x x 

Injure, rob. 1-o-oJb ^o-iA 

IV stretch the neck JaA 

forward, advance quickly. 
II praise God : JJUb - 

X show one's teeth ; of the 

new moon, appear. 
New moon. 



Belonging to the family of al 
Muhallab. 



Perish, 

die : IV destroy. 

One who 

. , 
perishes. 

Come ! make haste ! 

x * j 
Intend, purpose, l*A ^A - 

desire : IV trouble, make 
anxious: VIII be anxious; 
bi, be intent on. 

Care, anxiety, 
grief. 

Magnanimous, heroic. 
Gram- 



GLOSSARY 



Destroy, demolish : 
V be destroyed. 

fit 

Be at rest. UjjJh 

Guide, lead aright : 

IV give, offer : VIII find the 
way, gain access. 

Guidance. 
Gift, present, 

victim (offered in sacrifice). 
Front part, 



foremost. 
More perfect. ^JdJ 



bi, dream of (any- 
thing). 
Delirium. 
see Jjj. 

Flee. 

IV hasten. 

Staff. 



Shake. 

Emaciate. 

VII be put to flight. 

<< ^ 

'ila, welcome 



joyously : VIII be joyful or 
exhilarated. 



Here. 

Of the wind, blow ; 
fig., be roused. 

Quarter (whence a wind 
blows). 

Descend. 

bi, call. 
Tear, rend. 

Separate one's 

self from (any one), forsake, 
abandon : II journey at noon : 
V same meaning. 

The Flight (of ^V' 

Muhammad from Mecca to 
Medina, 622 A.D.), the Hegira. 

Noon. Sj-*-^ 

< ^ 

Manner, custom. 
Sleep. 



'ala, enter suddenly ^9f~* ~~ 
upon, take by surprise. 

Ignoble, ^*aJb - 
i mean, of low birth, 

Rest. 

Mournful ^*XA 
cry (of the pigeon). 



GLOSSARY 



Collective, mourning- 

women. 

Assembly of mourners. 
IV make (a camel) 



kneel down ; bi, alight at. 
Place where a camel ^. 

is made to kneel. 



busy one's self with (any- 
thing), be engaged in. 

Gift, bounty. 

Sleep : X 'ila, be 



at rest and off one's guard 
towards (any one). 

Sleep, slumber. OUy -.. 
Asleep. 

Sleep. 

Intention. 2L3 

Reach, overtake, JO 

attain, obtain, get. 
Indigo. 

Gain, property. 



Hell-fire. 
Light. 

Kind, sort, 
variety. 
Lofty. 
She-camel. 

VI obtain t 


os. 

J 


Jui 

J 

* )y 

m 




aw 

Lt.tn.in . 1*J 







Drink for the first 

time : IV give the first drink 
to (a camel). 

Forbid, prohibit, L^j ^yj 

prevent ; ace. and 'an, forbid 
(any one) to do (anything) : 
VIII forbear, refrain; 'ila, 
arrive at, reach ; 'an, abstain 
from. 

Extremity. Q^j 

Auroral *\y\ * *y \y 

rising or setting of a star; 
a star setting at dawn in the 
west while another rises at 
the same time in the east ; 
a star of which the rising or 
setting was regarded as a sign 

of rain. 

j 
Come to, come upon, ^13 

befall, overtake; 'an, take 
the place of (any one), act as 
deputy for : IV return (to 
God), repent. 
Deputy, lieu- ^ \ y g. ^*5l3 

tenant, subordinate official. 
Calamity, T^ly 

misfortune, accident. 
The Nubians. 

Mourn : III face, ..13 
turn towards. 



GLOSSARY 



fail to recognise, object to, 
disapprove: V become ob- 
jectionable. 
Objectionable, blame- 
worthy. 

t 6 3 

Passive (of a LJo 



disease), return ; of one who 
is convalescent, suffer a re- 



X disdain. 

Shrink back. 
Spite, malice, 

rancour. 
Defame. 
V become like a 

leopard or panther. 

Oi 

Carpet, rug. LUJl ->. 

VIII 'ila or li, claim 

to be descended from (any 
one), claim connexion with. 

# s J 

Origin, stock from 15*^* 

which an) r one claims descent. 

Plunder. 
Swell. 



Stout or tall (horse). 

j o o xx o 



River. 

Day (as opposed to night), 
Rise, rise to depart. 



Stamp or J& Jisu 
inscription (on a coin). 

f 0* X 

Decrease, t^Ju ^aJiu 
diminish, be deficient. 

f ' - 

Break (a LcJLi 



promise), untwist, unravel. 

Quench (one's thirst), aii - 
Of poison, penetrating. aS 



Transfer, 



Jii 



relate, report, hand down by 
tradition ; 'an, relate on the 
authority of (any one) : V 
move from one place to an- 
other : VIII be removed, 
move from one place to an- 
other, advance. 
Inf.ofJsuV. O 

Punish: VIII min, 



take vengeance on (any one). 
II make pure or clear. .JLi 

^ - X 

Pure, clean. 

Disgrace; passive, 

hurt one's foot (by knocking 

it against a stone). 
Calamity, disgrace. iJo 

Marry. -J - 

Marriage. f^ 

II make unknown, jjCi - 
disguise : IV deny, repudiate, 



GLOSSARY 



JOf- 



Soul, , 

self, blood, person, essence, 
reality. 

at 

Breath. , 

Precious, choice. 
Naphtha. 

Profit, avail: IJUL> ju - 
VIII profit one's self, derive 
advantage: X bi, seek profit 
by (anything). 

More or most profitable. Jul 

Of a market, be 13 U3 



frequented: IV sell piecemeal 
or in parcels, expend. 
Hypocrisy. 



Expense, expenditure, 

cost. 
VIII 'an, be free or 

exempt from, deny, disavow. 

Spoil. JUil 

Deny, negate. Lii 

Negative. 

Be torn or lacerated. 

Nature, disposition. 

Beat (a drum). \jju jju 
A small cavity in a date- 
stone ; jig., jot, tittle. 



Of herbage, green and 
tender. 

Living in comfort or 

prosperity. 

# o:* 
Announce the Lxi 

death of (any one). 

XX Ox 

OloJu A*,*} 
Musical note, melody. 

Spit. 

Breathing, O 

soft murmur. 

Strike. 

J 

Perfume. f-^' 

VIII be swollen or 
inflated. 



7- 
-i^aj - 



Be carried into 

effect, set out, depart (on a 
journey), betake one's self : 
IV execute (an order). 

Flee (like a Ijl5 jli 

startled animal). 

A number of persons jJu 

(from three to ten), a few. 

II grant a respite ; ^JL> - 
'an, relieve : V obtain relief, 
be relieved: VI fi, vie with 
(one another) in desiring(any- 
thing). 



r vv 



GLOSSARY 



String together, 

arrange: VIII of pearls, be 
strung in a row. 

Describe, qualify. 

Qualificative, adjective. 

Be drowsy. 

Bier. 

Croak. 



Shoe, sandal. 
Having shoes, shod. 

Be soft or smooth. 

Be prosperous, be 

pleased or happy : IV confer 
a benefit, show favour, bestow 
bounty : V bi, be delighted 
with (anything). 

* 

Verb of praise, be good, 
be excellent. 

Yes. 

i 

Beasts, cattle, >oUjl 

camels, sheep. 
Benefit, favour, ^xj . 
bounty, fortune. 

Collective, ostriches. 
An ostrich. 

Prosperity, future happi- 
ness. 



, 



Mane. 

Bright, 

splendid, verdant. 

Splendour, beauty. 
Ill contend with 

(any one) in shooting (arrows); 

fig., be a rival (with any one 

in glory). 
Butting. 



A circular Ja3 

carpet of leather used in 
executions. 

Speak ; bi, proclaim, jiu - 



Speech, eloquence. 
Very eloquent. 

* + 

Look ; 'ila, \j& j&> - 

look at ; f i, look attentively 
upon, consider : VIII expect, 
wait for. 

Consideration, attention, 
supervision. 

Similar, parallel, l\jl*j ~. j^a, 
peer, equal. 

Aspect, appearance 

Belvedere, 

pavilion. 
Be clean : 

V keep one's self clean. 



GLOSSARY 



Be prompt or 

ready or alert or high-spirited : 
IV untie, undo (a knot). 

X inhale (a perfume). 

utf X 

Bridal ^Lo^e 

couch or throne. 

6 . 

Set up, raise, 



erect, fix, put (a word) in the 
accusative case, pronounce (a 
final letter) with the vowel a : 
VIII raise one's self, rise. 
Handle, origin, stock. 

Portion, share. 



Give good Va..cu ~~OL> 

advice to (any one). 
Good advice. 

Help, defend ; 

of God, give victory to (any 
one). 

o * 

Help, assistance, defence. 
Christian. 



VIII keep a middle o 



course, judge impartially. 
Half. 



Middle, midway. 

Jta3 ^ J^J- 
Point or end (of a spear), blade 
(of a sword). 



Saddle-girth. a~J a-J 

VIII ravage. 

Jlli * 
Pious, devout. 

Religious 

* 
rite or ceremony. 

Of hair, fall off. 

(Hairs which have) 
fallen off (an animal). 

Breeze. 



Forget: VI of a 

number of persons, forget 
(any thing) among themselves. 

A thing forgotten or un- .*~J 
worthy of remembrance. 

Grow up, rise, nourish: LiJ 
IV produce, compose, con- 
struct. 

Growth, production. SUJ 

f 

Art of literary com- ^UJI 

position. 

Place where one grows up. lilo 

* j 

Search for, 



seek: IV recite (poetry), re- 
cite (poetry) to (any one). 

# X X -> 

Spread out, 



unfold, open, bring (the dead) 
to life, diffuse (a scent). 



GLOSSARY 



Halting-place, station, <Uj*u 
position, place, rank. 

II 'an, remove far ojj - 
(from evil), keep free from 
(a fault): V 'an, keep one's 
self far from (anything evil), 
avoid. 

Salubrious, agreeable. 



Pleasure, entertainment, 4 
diversion. 

Elative of AJJJ . 



Place of OU^u .* 

recreation. 

Put back, post- U*~J I j 

pone (one of the sacred 
months). 

'ila, refer or attribute ^J 

to ; passive, 'ila or li, derive 
one's uame from. 

Lineage, ^LJt ... V ^U 

genealogy. 
Kinsman, relative. ~-^ 

Relative adjective ; 'ila, * > 

adjective derived from (a 
word). 
Tra ns- t Lu_ t ^ - 

migration of souls, metem- 
psychosis. 



Ill ace. or bi, cry out jjJ - 

to (any one), call to, invoke. 
Assembly. ^U 

II take (camels) to ^jJ - 
water a second time. 

< 

Munificence, liberality. 
Damp, moist. 



Vow: IV warn, tj JJ j JJ - 

Warner. 

Remote, - 

distant. 
Little. 

Alight, descend, 

come down, lodge, encamp ; 
bi or 'ala, alight on, befall, 
halt or encamp at ; of the 
Koran, bi, declare (as a 
revelation from God) : IV 
give lodging to, send down, 
reveal (a verse of the Koran) ; 
'ala or 'ila, send down to (any 
one) : X cause to descend. 

Host, entertainer, guest. 

t * 
Accident, Jjly ^ 

visitation. 
Divine revelation. 

Abode, Jj^- x- 

dwelling-place. 



GLOSSARY 



VIII become thin. 
IV 'ala, advance 

against : V go aside, retire. 

Model, way, *UJt *. 
manner ; with following geni- 
tive, like, about. 

x O x 

Towards. 

Grammar. 

District, 

quarter, region. 

Be bored through 
(by worms). 



->. 



Collective, palm-trees. 

A palm-tree. 

Q/*a camel, run away; 

Jig.j pass due bounds. 
VIII present one's 



self ; 'ila, address one's self to. 

Mourning 
woman. 



Witty saying, anecdote. 
Kerchief, J., jcu JjJ 



Ill be the boon- 
companion of (any one). 

^ ^ j 

Boon-compan ion . 



A she-camel of noble 

breed. 
Succeed, U-laJ 

prosper. 
IV help : X ace. or 

bi, ask help of (any one). 

Highland. 
Sword belt. 

Bravery, valour. 
Prompt, j..U ^ 

ready. 
VIII seek forage, ^ 

seek a livelihood. 



Astrologer, astronomer. 



Be saved, 

escape : IV save, deliver. 
Escape. 5 

A swift she-camel. 



More or most safe. 
Hew, carve. 
Cut the throat t 



x of. 

31 



(of an animal offered in 

sacrifice). 
Throat. 
Copper. 
Lean. 



rvr 



GLOSSARY 



Turn aside, bend, JU 

move, incline : II cause to 
bend, sway. 

Mile. Jltjit * 

Inclination, deviation. 

10, 

Speak falsely, lie. 



w . e 0^-0 

Water, spring, fountain. 
X ask for a gift, beg. --~o 

Racecourse, arena, ^>ljuw 
Provisions, Sj-w j~o 
supplies. 



IV make (water) JSLO 

gush forth. 

x x 

Gush forth ; of a aJ 

river, spring (from its source). 

Collective, jli J*3 - 

arrows. 
II rouse from sleep, aJ - 

awaken, exhort. 

Renown, celebrity. <ULj 

Of a sword, have the U 

edge turned, become blunt; 
'ala, repel or resent (an 
injury). 



Anything that is picked up, 
smattering. 

Ox 

Bad smell. 

Stinking, malodorous. 

Noble. 

T. A. IV. 



Cocoanut palm, 

cocoanut. 
see ^^Jl. 

Be distant. 
More or most far. 

IV inform : V claim Li 

to be a prophet. 
News, information. AJt . 



Prophet. 



lUJl 



Prophecy, prophetic 

calling or office. 
Prophetic. 

Of plants, grow, 

spring up : IV cause to grow, 
produce. 

x A^ 

Collective, plants, 

herbage. 
VIII seclude one's 

self, retire. 
Pulpit. 



GLOSSARY 



X 

Fortified, impregnable. *~^ 

J X 

^^> /* J^* 



Hindrance, 
obstacle. 



Elative of *~U. *^t 

Ace. and bi, afflict ,-Lc 

(any one) with (anything) : 
II cause to desire, inspire 
(any one) with (idle) hopes : 
V desire, wish. 

Death, fate. L>U* 9. 

Object of desire, wish. 

Life-blood, 

soul, self. 
II dispose, subject, jiy-o 

make submissive. 

Cradle. 

Dowry. j*t* 

J 

Molten brass. J^o J^ 
Whatever. U^o 

Die : IV cause to die. OU 
Death. 

xOx Of. -x 



Dead. 

Death. OlU 

Wealth, J\\ * JU - 
property, sum of money. 



t 

JIL 



JUU 



Possess, take lJU *iXJU 

possession of : V gain do- 
minion over. 

Property, possession. 

Kingdom, empire, 

sovereignty. 
see )*$. 

King. 

Kingdom. 
Royal. 

Kingdom, 
state. 

II J*oJU5, turn 

from side to side. 
Be munificent : ^po 

VIII 'ala, recall a benefit to 

(any one), reproach (any one) 

with a benefit. 
Favour, bounty. <u* 

Strength, vigour. i-u 

X Ox X Ox 

Catapult, balista. J^JU~} 

Hinder, prohibit, io 

defend ; double ace., hinder 
(any one) from (anything) : 
VIII min, defend one's self 
against. 



GLOSSARY 



Together. 



Flowing water. 
Hate, abominate. 

Deceit, guile. j,Co 
II ace. of person and jj 



min, give (any one) power 
over (anything) or oppor- 
tunity to (do anything) : IV 
be possible for (any one), 
give an opportunity to (any 
one). 

Be or become J-o 

weary of. 

C - ' 

Fill ; double ace. or ^Lo - 

ace. and min, till with. 

t- * * 
Assembly, company. *}Lo 

3 

Be salt : X think -JLo - 

beautiful or excellent. 
Salt. 

Excellent. 

* 1 

Witticism, -Jl ... 

bon mot. 

? * * 
Be smooth. 4w^)L 

Smooth, sleek. 

s * 

Smooth side <ULL 



or slope (of a mountain). 



IV enter on the 

time of evening, come to be, 
become. 

Evening. 
Comb. 
Go, walk. 



Collective, cattle, camels. 4-w 

Become effaced or 
obliterated. 



* 



Great town, province. 
Egypt. 

* 

One who .^u *-tfuo 
fights hard, steadfast in 
battle. 



Feel pain. ioLiuo 

Go, pass, be L-a-o 

past : IV ratify. 
Past; preterite or 

perfect (tense) ; of a sword, 
penetrating, sharp. 
Rain, rain upon. 

Rain. 

Collective, 

animals for riding 
Animal for 

riding. 



o's. 



GLOSSARY 



rv 



Man. 

Woman, wife (with 

article St^JI ). 
Manliness, virtue. 



Meadow, pasture. 

Sickness, 
disease. 
Sick, ill. 

VIII fi, be in doubt 
concerning (anything). 

Ill speak pleasantly 
to, jest with. 

A small &-j~c 

quantity of water. 

t 

Collective, <jj-o 
clouds, rain-clouds. 

Touch. 

Wipe, rub, stroke. *~o 

The Messiah, Christ. 



/double ace., trans- 



>. . 



form (any one) into (any- 
thing). 
IV lay one's hand 



on, take hold of, keep back, 
detain : V bi, take hold of, 
be firmly attached to : X bi, 
take hold of. 



Lengthen, stretch, I JL jc 
extend ; of a tide, flow : IV 
help, aid, supply, replenish: 
VIII stretch, stretch out, 
extend. 

Length, duration, pro- j^ 

longation, flow of water, 
flood. 



Tall. 

Name of a metre. 

Space of time, period. 
Matter. 

Lengthened, bearing 
the sign maddah. 

Praise, eulogise. 

j ^ ^ 
Panegyric, 



encomium. 

j j 



City, chief city, 

capital. 
VI be prolonged, ^j 

continue. 
Limit, utmost range. 

Pass, go on, !/* j 

depart ; bi, pass by. 

Bitter. 

A time, a point of time. 



j * * 



GLOSSARY 



A lemon. 

f 
Be or become soft, UJ 

be kind. 



Complaisance, 

easiness to deal with. 

Smooth. 



bi, be suitable for, JJ*N) 
be appropriate to. 

More or most appropriate. 
Night. JJ 

A night. JU ^ 

0* 

Lemon. 



4JU 






Comparison, tjv-wci ^ 
example (for comparison), 
metaphor, parable, proverb. 

Chief in authority, most 

influential. 
Image, effigy, 

statue. 

Example. 
Glory. 

Noble, glorious. 
tiame meaning. 

Pagans. 

Magian, Zoroastrian. 
1 )c-ceit, 
guile. 



Trial, affliction. 

Pains of ^U^-o 
childbirth, travail. 



Hospital. 

May. 

IV cc. of person and Ji 
bi, let (any one) enjoy (any- 
thing) : X enjoy. 

o 

Enjoyment. 
Articles of 



property, gear, equipment, 
merchandise. 

O'J " -' 

Side of 4^03 
the back. 



& 
* 9. 



Text (of a 

Tradition). 
Hard lev el ground. ^U 

V present one's self 

(in the shape or likeness of 
any one): VIII obey (an 
order). 

Likeness, the like. JIUI . 



GLOSSARY 



VIII seek to 

obtain ; min of person, en- 
treat, request earnestly. 

Cleft 



ina mountain, mountain-pass. 
Tongue. 

Woe. 

IV double ace., of God, ^ 
inspire (any one) with (any- 
thing). 

Amuse one's self. lyJ 

Ox 

Play, diversion. ^ 

Shine, gleam, appear. *-^ 
bi, take refuge 13 1^ 3^ - 

or shelter in (anything). 
VIII be afflicted with c^J 

grief. 

Ardent desire. AP*) 



Blame, reproach, 

Ol 

Colour. 



VIII make a bend, 
curve. 

Would that ! 



Of wind t impregnating, 

causing (clouds) to produce 

rain. 
IV cause to gather : JauU 

VIII pick up, gather. 
IV cause to swallow. 



A kind of fish. 

IB not, not. 
Palm fibres. 



oJ 



Meet, confront, slij .JU 

encounter : II double ace., 
give (anything) to (any one) : 

III meet, encounter : IV 
throw ; ace. and 'ila, offer or 
deliver or convey (anything) 
to (any one) ; ace. and 'ala, 
submit (anything) to (any 
one), inspire (any one) with 
(anything) : V meet, confront, 
receive : VI meet one an- 
other: VIII meet. 

^ 
In the direction of, 

towards. 

Place where anything 
is thrown down. 

Place of meeting, 

junction. 
Collect, amass : O ^ 

IV come near ; bi, approach ; 
'ala, alight at, halt at. 

Long hair falling over j 

the shoulders. 
With jussive, not yet. U.J 



Mv 



GLOSSARY 



Non-existent, ^i*^) . 
nothing. 

Robber, 

brigand. 
Besmear : V anoint JbJ 

one's self. 
V burn, be enflamed. 

Perhaps. 

Curse. 

Cursed. 



UaJ 



Language, <UU yrj 

idiom, lexicography, philo- 



VIII turn one's self C*i 



(in a certain direction), turn 
round ; 'ila, pay attention to, 
regard with favour. 

tkU JsuU 3 JiJU- 
Pronounce : V 

Word, 

expression, speech. 

A word or expression. 
II cover, veil. 
IV find : VI mend, 
repair. 

By-name, w-JU 

surname, nickname. 
II fecundate *JU 

(a palm-tree). 



meanng. 
J*uSl J 






IV make a trench 

(in the side of a grave) for 

a corpse. 
Trench or oblong ex- J-.-N-) 

cavation in the side of a grave. 

Glance: iklj JaL) 

III behold, look upon. 

Foot i>aJ 

(of a mountain). 
Overtake, 



reach ; bi, rejoin, return to. 
Flesh. 
Beard. 



Sweetness, SJJ 3JJ - 

pleasure, delight. 
Sweetness, deliciousness. S3IJJ 
II burn, brand. 

Be attached to, 



c, JJ 



be continually with (any 
one) : III attach one's self to 
(any one), stay with, do (any- 
thing) constantly or assidu- 
ously, see face to face : VIII 
make binding on one's self, be 
attached or addicted to. 
Inf. ofjtf III. |jj 

jot of. 



Tongue, language. 



GLOSSARY 



Acute, clever. 

How 1 

Quality, manner. 



Measure. 



Deceive ; ace. 

o/* person and bi, endeavour 
deceitfully to do (anything 
evil) to (any one). 



IV 



f. 



, verb of 



surprise, make intelligent or 
acute. 



Garment. 
Clothing, dress. 

Profit. 
Milk. 

Breast. 

Object of desire, want. 

X Six 

II say **JLjJ (at your .-J 

service !). 
// of ^ II. 

w 

fi, persevere in, -J 

persist in. 

Deep sea, the deep 
(of the sea). 

'ila, take refuge 

in or with. 
Bit, bridle. ^UJ- 

I V persevere, persist. 

A con- t-r**'' 
spicuous path. 



The J of the 

definite article Jt. 



Angel. 

Collective, pearls. jjj|) ' 

Be base. U}J ^ 

Slowness, 

difficulty. 
Intelligent, 

sensible. 
Upper part of the breast. 4J 

_**._ 

At thy service ! 
Put on (clothes), 



X 

clothe one's self with, wear 
(a garment) ; fig., demean 
one's self outwardly : IV 
double ace., clothe (any one) 
in (a garment) : V clothe 
one's self in (a garment). 
Doubt, perplexity, 
confusion. 



GLOSSARY 



thing) by means of (another 
thing). 

Name of honour (when *...;> 
a person is called "father of 
so-and-so," either a son or 
a daughter). 

Cave. 



Of ripe age, full-grown. 

Weak, j>\^ 

decrepit. 

V act as a sooth- 
sayer, divine. 

Soothsayer. 



With following imp/., 
be on the point of, be al- 
most... ; preceded by negative, 
not be near, be far from.... 

II fold up, wrap up. 

Province, district, j 

Kettledrum. 

Wrist. 

Star. 



Word. 

How much ? how 
many ? how long ? 



Be, exist : X be ^l 

humbled, be cast down. 

j t 
Place where 



Sleeve. 

Be or become 

complete, be perfect : 
make complete. 

Fullness, complete- 
ness, perfection. 

Perfect, excellent. 

Name of a metre. 
Conceal. 
Stout, brave. 
Name of an 

Arabian tribe. 
Small j.>U^ . e 

boat or barge. 
Sweep. 

Church. 

VIII bi, surround, 

comprise, include. 
Side, region. 

Privy. 



IV 



any one is, place, situation. 
In order that. 



'an anc/ bi, indicate 



or make an allusion to (one 



GLOSSARY 



bi, take charge of. j^ 

Wrap (a dead 

person) in a shroud. 
Be sufficient, 

suffice, be enough for. 

II crown. cM^* ~~ 

- j 
All, every, each, the whole. 

Whenever, as often as. 
Of the eye, weak, dull. 



By no means. 
Both. 



Robe, garment. 
Same meaning. 
Pluck off, remove. 
Uncover : VII 'an, 



Dog. ' 

Pack of dogs, a hunter w.JLfr> 

with dogs. 
bi, be 



enamoured of, be devoted to : 
II double ace., impose (an 
obligation) upon (any one), 
charge (any one) with (an 
affair), bid (any one) under- 
take (a difficult task). 

Breast. 

Wound : II speak 



to, address : V speak, dis- 
course. 

Speech, discourse, 
sentence. 



be cleared out of (a place), 

retire from. 
II of the breast, 

swell. 
A girl with 

swelling breasts. 
The Ka'bah, the 
temple at Mecca. 



'an, hold back 

from, abstain from. 

Palm of the 
hand, hand. 

All, the whole. 

Ill compensate, re- 
quite : VII turn back, return. 

~ o J - o j 

Equal, *Ut . 

match. 
Place 



where anything is collected, 
storehouse. 

Disbelieve (in \jj& j^==> 
God); bi, disbelieve in (God). 

Unbeliever, j\ 
infidel. 



nr 



GLOSSARY 



Pastern. 

IV honour, show >oj, 
honour to : V show one's self 
to be noble : X hold in 
esteem. 

Vine. 



Noble, j>\j& 

generous, esteemed. 

Elative a 



Noble action >&)lo ?*. 

or quality. 
Dislike. <>> 



Blameworthy or 

abominable action. 
Acquire, gain. 

Break, 



fracture, pronounce with the 
vowel-sound i : II break to 
pieces : VII be broken or 
shattered. 

Piece, fragment. 

Double ace., clothe 

(any one) in (a garment, etc.), 
present a robe of honour to 
(any one), give (anything) as 



a 4j(JL. (robe of honour) to 
(any one). 



Much, large, abundant. 

numerous, frequent. 
Multitude, strength (of 

an army in numbers). 
Elative of ^L . /Js, I 

Smear with anti- 



mony : VIII of the eyelids, 
be smeared with antimony ; 
fig., be closed (by sleep). 

Box containing 

antimony. 
Toil, trouble, j^ , 

fatigue. 
Be turbid, be soiled 



or tarnished : VII dart down, 
fall confusedly, become dark. 



Beggary, ^^s> , 

mendicity. 
Falsehood. *~>j*=> 

Liar. 

Return (to the 

charge), turn back, wheel 

round. 
One time. S^fb 

Be en- become near, 
distress. 



Sorrow, affliction. 

C. 

Kurd. )\j>\ * 



GLOSSARY 



Noon. 



AJL515 



Place where one rests at J-JU 



noon. 



Singing-girl. 



II restrict, limit ; bi, j~3 
define (anything) by (a re- 
strictive condition). 

II produce un- u*** ~ 

expectedly. 

Sleep at midday, take Jls - 
the noonday siesta. 



Write : III write w-l> 

to, correspond by letter with 
(any one). 

Writing, 
book, letter. 

The Koran. 

Scribe, secretary. 

Letter. 
Shoulder. 



Basket. 
Hide, conceal. 
More or most secret. 
Linen. 

Be much or 



3 ' I 



abundant : II make much, 
multiply, enlarge : IV make 
much or abundant or fre- 
quent; min, use much of 
(anything) ; fi, do (anything) 
much or often. 



Cup. , ,. 

IV bend one's head 

to the ground. 



Liver. 

Be or become old. 

Greatness, size, old age. 
Great. jU^ 

Pride, haughtiness. 

Elative of j**~> ', elder, 

eldest. 



Sulphur. 
Intercalate. 



t* t 



Ram, battering-ram, chieftain 

j 
Be swollen or 

inflated, fall flat. 
Swollen, large, dis- 
coloured. 



GLOSSARY 



rise and go to ; bi, provide 
for the needs of, suffice for, 
supply : IV make to stand, 
place, duly observe or per- 
form, stay, reside; \i of person 
awdacc.,furnish(anyone)with 
(anything) : X hold one's self 
upright, pursue a right course, 
go straight, be established or 
certified ; of a poem, be or 
become correct (in metre). 

of. a ^ 

People, folk, 

party, some. 
Assistant. 



-. 
. ^ 



Erect. 



Superintendent. 

Height of a man, stature. 
Price. 

Resurrection. 

Place of abode. 
Discourse, sermon. 
Right, straight. 

j + 

Count. 



Become strong, be 

encouraged : IV make strong. 
Strong, hard. 
Strength. 



Cluster of dates. 

Aqueduct. 
Gain, riches. 

Same meaning. 



VII li or 'ila, let one's ^ 
self be led by (any one), sub- 
mit to the guidance of, sub- 
mit to. 



Leader, general. .>ty . jk5 

O ^0X5 J 

Admiral. 

II become bent (like 
a bow). 

Bow. 



Level ground, eld e^5 - 



Physiognomist, diviner. 

f s 10' 

Say, ^ULcj ^5 J15 



think ; bi, profess belief in 
(a doctrine) ; li, name, call : 
VIII exercise authority. 

Saying, word. 
Wont to say, saying. 

Stand, stand UU5 ^9 - 
up, rise, rise and depart; 'an, 
rise and depart from ; 'ila, 



GLOSSARY 



Hasten, go quickly : JJU3 



II JJUUu, be shaken or con- 
vulsed. 



I Little, small, few, rare. 

i Smallness, deficiency. aJl 



Cut, pare. 

Pen. 

A kind of cap or 
hood. 

Hate, detest. 

Win a stake or wager 



xx j Turn, turn over, \J 



from (any one) : IV become 
bright with moonlight. 



Shirt, tunic. 



AXoio 3 - 



Club, mace. 



capable of, worthy of. 

fij 

Hemp. 
VIII hunt. 

Hunter, hunted animals, 

game. 
Despair. Jau 

Bridge. 



* 



bi, be content with. * - 

VIII gain for one's yj - 
self, acquire. 



change, convert, transpose : 
II wring (the hands). 

Heart, mind. 

Well. 

II invest with jJL5 - 

authority, accept (any one) 
as an authority (in matters 
of law or religion); double 
ace., hang (anything) upon 
or round (anything) ; bi, in- 
vest (any one) with (the 
government of a province) : 
V hang (a necklace) on one's 
neck. 

Collar, necklace. 

+ 

II bound, go rapidly. 

Tall (horse). 

IV 'an, withdraw JL5 

one's self from (anything). 
Fortress, citadel. ixX5 

i^ * a ^ 

Quarry. 

Be distressed, be 

disquieted. 
Colocasia. 



GLOSSARY 



All together. 

Drops (of 
water), rain. 

o'e. o j 

Side, outlying part, jUast -*. jJas 
region. 

Cut, cut off, Uk$ ak$ - 
abolish, traverse, cross: II 
cut (a garment so as to fit 
any one): VII be cut off; 
'ila, be devotedly attached to 
(any one). 

Arrow. 



cUa3 . ^3 

X 

*Ja3 . 



joe 



Piece, galley, 

vessel. 
End, extremity. 

Same meaning. 
Cotton. ^s 

Sit ; bi, cause to sit. 
Chief city, capital. 

Lock, JU51 ^ jl$ 

padlock. 
Caravan. Jit^S *. 

Be small or little, be J3 - 
rare, be seldom : X think 
little, regard as insignificant, 
become detached, be inde- 
pendent, raise one's self ; bi, 
take up (a burden). 



Chamber, 

apartment. 
The part of a mosque 

(screened off from the rest of 

the building) in which the 

Caliph conducted public wor- 

ship. 
Distant or 4^15 

outlying part. 
Farther, ^ 

farthest. 



* os- 



Sword. 

Decree, ordain, iL^S 

pay, discharge (a debt), fulfil ; 
'ala, condemn ; 'ala of person 
and bi, judge (any one) to be 
(anything), impute (any- 
thing) to (any one) : VII be 
finished : VIII demand, re- 
quire. 

Office of cadi. *(<&$ 

Judge, cadi. 



Affair, case. 

In accordance with. 



With preceding Jad JsJad - 
negative, never. 

Axis, pivot, ^sLJ 
shaft (of a mill). 



R2 



GLOSSARY 



Hardness (of SjLJ> 

heart). 
Shell (of a jJLS 

fruit), rind. 
Story, tale, i-o3 

affair. 

Bones. v,*.oj 
Chief city, capital. 
Intend, seek 



Loan/ 



Piece, fragment. jco3 *. o 
Ode. 

Shorten ; 

ace. and 'ala, restrict or con- 
fine (anything) to (anything) : 
II fall short, fail, lack ability, 
neglect ; 'an, fall short of, be 
inferior to: IV fall short, 
fail, flag: VIII <ala, confine 
one's self to, devote one's self 
to. 

Palace, castle. J>-A* ?? j-*a* 
Short. jLa3 p. ji-^* 

* A JA^ 

Tin- two ribs next to 

the flank. 
Shortened, not bearing 

the sign maddan. 



to attain, go straight, direct | 
one's course towards, attack. 
Course. 



Carat, the twentieth or twenty- 
fourth part of a dinar. 

Cordova. 

Gnash (the teeth) : cj3 - 
III come to blows with (any 
one), engage in battle : VIII 
draw lots, practise sortilege. 

Calamity. ifrjiS 

bi or 'ila, join (any- ^ 



thing) to (anything) : VIII 
bi, be joined to. 

oe. o 

Adversary. 

Associate, comrade. 

X traverse, wander 
through. 

Village. 
Entertain as a 

guest. 
IV swear : V be 

divided or apportioned ; 'ala, 
be divided among or between : 
VII same meaning: VIII 
divide. 

Division, kind. 
Oath. 



GLOSSARY 



favour of : VI be or b.ecome 
near to one another : VIII 
min, approach. 

Nearness, neighbourhood, ^.5 
vicinity ; of a well, shallow- 
ness. 



Offering, 

oblation, sacrifice. 

~ OJ 

Near, kinsman, l(jj$\ ^ 
relative. 

Nearness of kin, relation- 
ship. 

Barge, boat. Vjl** /f 

) t j xe 

Elative of Vj^' /!- *T>*' 

' C~ 

v^j-Sj plural, near relatives. 

x x 

Nearness, neighbourhood. <b 
Favourite (of God). 

J xjx 

Name of a metre. 

VIII choose for one's .j3 

self, prefer, demand. 
Wound or wounds, ulcers. 

Collective, ticks, ^lj.5 jj3 

Belonging Lf*j$ v*>j* 
to the tribe of Quraish. 

Cut, clip 



(money) : VIII be cut off, 
be exterminated. 



Foot. 
Antiquity. 

Ancient, having 110 

beginning in time, eternal. 
Advent. 

Front part, leader, 
captain. 

Vanguard. 

Filth, jtjJl . jj.5 

unclean thing, 
bi, throw, eject. 

Be or become cool : 



II settle, fix, arrange: IV 
bi, acknowledge : X become 
settled or established, stay, 
abide. 

Cold, cold weather. j.5 

^ * f-f * 
Read, read aloud, olj5 1/5 - 

recite; 'ala, recite to (any 
one). 

The Koran. 
Come near 



to, approach ; min, same 
meaning : II bring near ; min, 
bring near to : III be near 
to, approximate : V 'ila, seek 
to draw near to, seek the 



T. A. IV. 



GLOSSARY 



Arrow. 

'ala, be able to Sjj3 jjJ 

(do anything) : II of God, 
decree, predestine ; compute, 
estimate : VIII have power ; 
'ala, prevail against. 

Po wer, worth, j\j3\ ...jjJ^jjJi 
honour, reputation, dignity, 
size, proportion, destiny. 

Pot. jj3 

A man with short bones 

or short neck. 
Diminutive 

Implied or virtual 

meaning. 
Size, amount, distance. 

J JOx 

Jerusalem. ^jJUt- 

Holy. 

Come to, arrive at ; 



x 



'ala, come to, approach : II 
bring or send forward, cause 
to advance, put in front; ace. 
and 'ala, put (any one) in 
front of (any one), give pre- 
cedence to (one over another): 
IV advance : V go before, pre- 
cede, come forward, advance, 
order ; ace. and bi, order (any 
one) to (do anything). 



Jjl 



The Copts. 

Receive, accept : 

II kiss: III be opposite to, 
face, give (anything) in re- 
turn : IV advance : X. go t/o 
meet (a future event). 

j Ox e j a x 

Beforehand, JJ> 

before. 
Before. jl* 

Beside, towards. 
Band of men, tribe. 

A little before. 

The south. 

Opposite to. 

Tribe. J5L5 *. 

Southern. 

Coat. t LJ> **j 

IV be or become poor. jJJi 
Barely sufficient, scanty. 



Kill, slay: II 

massacre: III fight with : VIII 

fight. 
Slain. & J.I5 



Slaughter, vital JJli * 

part (of the body). 
Fighting man, warrior. JJUU 

Collective, warriors. 



GLOSSARY 



beyond or away, escape, be 
past. 

Mass \\ g ^^5 - 
(of people), band, company. 

*** i 

bi, obtain, get. Ij^j jb - 
Loin-cloth. 






Above. 

Shade L31 . **- 
(in the afternoon). 

IV double ace., bestow 

(anything) on (any one), give 
(an advantage) to (any one). 

Produce, profit, jJl^j . SjkS 1 

benefit, advantage. 
Overflow. 



Of judgment, be weak. J13 
Elephant. 



Mode, variety. <j-ol3l >- 
A species of 



small fox, marten, or other 
animals whose skins are used 
as fur ; the skin of such 
animals. 

Mixed sorts of *U3I ^3 
people (whose origin is un- 
known). 

IV annihilate, destroy, .-is 

Open space in front of a pU3 
building, court. 

Understand, 1^3 j^ - 

apprehend : X interrogate, 
ask a question. 

Quick of understanding. 

Intelligent. 

Pass by or 



Grave, 

tomb. 
Cyprus. 
VIII seek fire, 

kindle (a brand). 

* a- 

Take, seize, Liu* 



grasp ; 'ala, lay hands on, seize, 
arrest : VII be embarrassed. 



Pitch, tar. 

Tent, V M * 
dome. 

X think bad, dis- 
approve. 

Bad. 

Elative of 



GLOSSARY 



VII cease. 
Jaw. 

fi, reflect upon : 5 



II consider, reflect : V same 

meaning. 

.* 
Derived from reflection. 



Fruit. 

Break or notch (the Jj - 
edge of a sword), defeat. 

Notch (in the edge J^XJ ^ Ji 
of a sword). 

i. 

Of a stuord, notched. ^1 

IV escape. CJ3 - 

IV attain happiness, *JL3 - 

prosper. 
One who tills land, -& 

peasant, fellah. 



A small copper coin, farthing. 
X be round. 



Celestial sphere. *. 

Such and ii^ ^o o^ 
such a one, so and so. 



Desert. 

o 

Mouth. dl^31 . ^5 

>> - X ^ 

Branch 



IV 'ila, arrive at, 

reach. 
Open space, plain. 

Breaking of a jJai 

fast. 
That to which one is 

constitutionally disposed, ac- 

cording with one's natural 

constitution. 



Perceive, under- 

x 

stand ; li, same meaning. 
Intelligent. 



or department of science. 



Do, act. 

Action, verb. JU3I . ji 

j x 

Wont to do, doing. 

X X 

Worker, work- 4JL3 9. 

man. 
Harlot. 

Verbal. 

Viper. 

Lose : V superintend, jub 
look after, visit. 

Poor. 



DUU 



Jurisprudence, 4Jb 4Jb 

x 

divinity. 

~ * > * 

Lawyer, theologian, llyjb 9* <UA5 

divine. 



ror 



GLOSSARY 



Exegesis of the Koran, 

commentary on the Koran. 

Old Cairo. 

IV reveal, divulge. 



y. -J^L* 



IV speak correctly *^a3 

and elegantly. 
Correct and elegant 

in speech. 
Separate, dis- 

tinguish. 
Section. 

Place of -sUU . J- 

- vL. * 

juncture or articulation, joint. 
Silver. 



Covered with silver. 

II ace. and *ala, 

prefer (any one) to (any one) : 
V bestow a favour; bi, bestow 
(anything) as a favour. 

Superiority, excess, ,jJis 

superfluity, merit, excellence, 
learning, bounty. 

Merit, JjUaJ >. 4 A; A* 

excellence. 
Excellent, eminent. jMold 

* * * ' of. 

Elative of 



Be at leisure ; min, 

finish, be no longer occupied 
with : V li, have leisure for. 

Separate, divide, l!jj 



distinguish : II separate, dis- 
solve : III take leave of, part 
from, leave : V be dispersed, 
part : VIII become separated 
or dispersed. 
Place where the hair is J)J>A* 

* 

parted, crown of the head. 

** *0* 

Name of two 

stars. 
The Franks. 

Sword. 



Fur, fur garment. <^J 
VIII invent 

(a falsehood). 
Strange, wonderful. 

Be terrified. Ujj 

Spacious, >. ji.nj 

ample. 
Elative of * ..,.. j . 

Be evil or corrupt, 

bear malice : IV do evil, 

spoil, corrupt. 
II explain, expound, 

interpret. 






p - 



GLOSSARY 



ror 



sight-seeing) : VII become 
clear or open, be dispersed. 

Relief from sorrow. 

Rejoice. 

Joyful. 

Joy. 

V be unique or un- >jj 

paralleled; bi, be alone in 
having (anything) : VII bi, 
be alone with. 

* < A - 

Unique, un- 
equalled. 
Horse, mare. 
Horseman, knight. cr*j'* 

J X X X 

Parasang, _* Ijj >. 9-~*j* 

league. 

i X 

Hoof, ^j**\j /? O"**!/' 

pastern. 
Spread, pave : CH>* 

IV 'an, retire from, leave, quit. 

X J 

Proceed, be uttered 



hastily: II be remiss or 
forgetful: IV exceed due 
measure, be excessive. 
V branch off. 

Branch, tributary ; 
ygr., an 
woman. 



. 
eminent man 



or 



Ill overtake U*J - 

suddenly, surprise. 

Denoting surprise. 

# 

Act wickedly : 



II cleave : V gush forth. 
Dawn, daybreak. 

Passive, bi, be dis- &** - 
tressed by the loss of (any 
one). 

V { an, investigate, ^f. * - 



Male, sire, stallion camel. 
VIII bi, be proud jdL 
or boast of (anything). 

Glory. 
Glory. 

Vessels of baked 
clay, pottery. 

Cause of 



boasting, noble quality or 
action. 

Ransom. ljJ 

x 

Flee. 

The river 

Euphrates. 
V be relieved of 

care, amuse one's self (by 



J* 

JO- 



GLOSSARY 



Be absent, disappear 

from sight. 
Unseen, invisible. 

Absence. 
Absent. 

Rain. 

II change, alter, j*Jc. 

estrange : V be changed for 
the worse ; 'ala, be estranged 
from, be jealous of. 

With following genitive, j+k. 

other than, except. 
Without. 

IV irritate, annoy. 
Anger. 

: 

Collective, 



clouds. 



bi, assault. 



| III invade : IV make 

a raid or warlike expe- 
dition. 

A * 

Low land. 

Little cave. 
Raid, expedition. 

Cavalry making a raid. 

A place <Lb^- 

abounding with water and 
herbage. 

The valley of Ii^i3i 

Damascus. 

Fall upon suddenly, JU 

destroy. 

z. 

go astray. 
Goal, extremity, utmost. <L>U. 



^ 

- | Heart. Sj^Jf *, 
Open, conquer, 



Affliction, mischief, sedition. 

Young man, youth, man, page. 

Youth, prime (of life). *U3 

* * 

Wide road. 



i its 

f 

*J3 



pronounce (a consonant) with 
the vowel-sound a : VIII 
conquer. 

i 1 0* 

Victory, conquest. 
min, cease from 
(doing anything). 



GLOSSARY 



Sheath, scabbard. 

Overwhelm. 
Simpleton, one who is 

inexperienced in affairs. 
Copious, overflowing. 

Simpleton. 

II close the eyelids, 

Take possession of 



(as spoil) : V reckon as spoil, 
take advantage of (anything), 
avail one's self of. 
Spoil, booty. 



Exist : II sing, sing .ui - 

to : IV avert, remove ; 'an, 
suffice, avail, render unneces- 
sary : X make one's self in- 
dependent, provide for one's 
self ; bi, be satisfied with 
bi and 'an, be satisfied with 
(one thing) so as not to need 
(another thing). 
Wealth, riches. 



.-i 



Competence, utility, 

service. 
Rich. 



Song. 

IV help : X ask 
for help. 



II come at the i^ 

end of the night. 
Darkness before dawn. 

Make a mis- UxU 
take, commit an error 

Coarse, 
rough, big. 



Uncircumcised. 



Key 



JJU- 



Boy, youth, slave. 

Be high in price or *$ - 

value, shoot (an arrow) to 

the furthest distance, exceed 

the due bounds, go beyond 

the mark. 

Distance of a bowshot. S^Ic 
A perfume iJU 1^- 

com posed of musk, amber- 

gris, etc. 
Cover : VI feign ^e. - 

grief: VIII be or become 

grieved. 
Grief, anguish. ^s. 

Cloud. 

Sheathe : IV same 
meaning. 



GLOSSARY 



Unjust, rapacious, 

tyrannical. 
Passive, 'ala, faint, (**** 

swoon. 
Covering, film. 03 Lie 



Branch, bough, shoot. 
A tree of 



X 

the kind called Lo (a species 
of euphorbia). 
VIII be immersed, 
sink deep, dive. 



Hawk, noble or goodly youth. 
II cover. 



Pardon, forgive JJLC. - 

(a sin); li, forgive (a person) : 
X ask pardon of (God). 

Be forgetful or Jj - 

heedless. 

Forgetfulness, diversion. 

Thirst. Sli 

Overcome, vanquish; 



4 ala, prevail over ; of a, name, 
be generally applied to (any 
one) : V 'ala, seize by force. 

Predominance, victory. 
Most part, majority. 



Plant (a tree). 



Handful. 

Sink (in water), be 

drowned. 
Drowning man. 

IV passive, bi, be j>j 

eagerly desirous of (any thing). 

Copious, 



abundant. 
Abundance. 
Elative o 
Spin. 

Spun thread, yarn. 
Gazelle. 



J> 



Make war, engage \j& 

in a warlike expedition, make 
a raid against. 

Raid, expedition, 5\j, 

campaign. 

Same meaning. 

Same meaning. j( 
* 

Wash : VIII wash 

one's self. 

Ablution. 

Treat tyran- 
nically. 




GLOSSARY 



In person. 

Eminent persons, 
leading men. 



Essence, reality, 
spring, fountain. 



Deceive : VIII be ^ 

deceived. 

Deceived, beguiled. ^ 

Negligence, an Zj. 

unguarded moment. 

A white mark or jj *. 5j 
blaze on the forehead of a 
horse. 

Set (of the ^Jj^ Vj^ 

sun), depart: II journey west- 
ward : VIII be a stranger, 
be far from one's home. 

West. 

" ' * 
Strange, un- 2y> 5*. 

familiar, obscure (expres- 
sion), stranger, foreigner. 
State of being a stranger. 

Rare or 



obscure expression. 
Western. 

West 

x 

Stirrup. jj* 



End. 
After. 

Earth, dust. ^ 
Same meaning. 
Remaining, future. 

Dust-coloured, hunter. 
Diminutive of j-?frt. 

VIII drink an 
evening-draught. 

46 * 

fi, be unmindful 

of or forget (anything). 

4 A - * 

Act treacher- 



* 
o* 



J.OS. 



ously ; bi, betray : III leave : 
V lag behind. 

Go in the early Ij^i 

morning : III visit (any one) 
in the early morning. 

Morrow, to-morrow. 
Early morning. 



Food. 



* . 



GLOSSARY 



Help. 

bi, be unable 



to accomplish (anything) : 
IV become fatigued. 

Unable to express one's *-* 

self, faltering. 
Find fault \~* ^U - 

* 

with, blame, disfigure. 

Vice, disgrace, 

fault. 
Do mischief. 

II taunt. 
Disgrace, shame. 



Camel of a reddish-white colour. 

Jesus. 

Live. 



Plural, she-camels which have 
not conceived or which have 
long necks. 

Loathe, dislike (food 



or drink), cry out at (a bird). 
Family, JL* 

^ 

household. 
Ill see, behold. 



Wood, lute. 
Festival. 

Custom, habit. 

One who visits ji+ *. ju 
a sick person. 

Favour, benefit, j\** *. aju 

C 
act of kindness. 

bi and min, take il* 

refuge with (any one) from 
(any one) : IV bi, cause (any 
one) to take refuge with (any 
one). 

Charm, amulet. 

VIII be refractory. 

II double ace., give 

(any one anything) in ex- 
change ; ace. of person and 
'an, give (any one anything) 
in exchange for (anything) : 
V take in exchange. 

Substitute, equivalent. 

Instead of. 

VIII of a she- camel, 

fail to become pregnant. 

Wailing. 
Year. 



IV give help, help. ^^c. 



GLOSSARY 



Standing on one side. 

oi J J 

Neck. JJUtl p JU* 

II vex, hurt the 

feelings of (any one) : VIII be 
anxious ; bi, be concerned or 

occupied with, take care of. 
* ** , 

Meaning, idea, 

subject. 
Know ; bi, be 



familiar with, know of, meet 
with : III make a covenant 

with (any one). 

> * * 

lime, promise, >>r* 

covenant. 

J * 

Place where jdklx* 

* v 
one used to know or meet 

(any one). 

A non-Moslem enjoy- jJblx* 
ing protection (under treaty) 
from the Moslem government. 

to* j 

Return, visit \}j> >U - 
(a sick person), become : 
II accustom ; double ace., 
accustom (any one) to do 
(anything): II I return to; wn^ 
following irnpf., do (anything) 
again or once more : IV cause 
to return, bring back, send 
back, restore, restore to life : 
V be accustomed to: VIII 
return to, haunt. 



Be populous or 

cultivated or flourishing, cul- 
tivate, colonise, build, repair : 

j 
VIII perform the j**e> (minor 

pilgrimage). 

X * J 

Life. 

Building, edifice. 

Inhabited. 
Make, construct, 



manufacture ; 'ala, resolve 
upon (anything) : III have 
dealings with, behave towards 
(any one in any manner) : 
IV urge on (a camel) : X. use, 
employ, make use of. 

Of- 

Action, work, JU^t T* \}* 
office, province, territory 
under a governor. 

Particle J"*'> P * *JLcU 

governing (a word) syntacti- 
cally. 

II ace. and 'ala of LCO* 

person, conceal (anything) 
from (any one). 

Blind. 



Rein. JLftl -*. 



Made of the 

skin of the spermaceti whale. 
Ill oppose. 



x Of. 
\ 



GLOSSARY 



Be or become 

high, mount, come over, over- 
spread, set upon, smite : 
IV exalt: VI exalt one's 
self, be exalted : X be su- 
perior, prevail. 

< j 

Eminence, nobility. 
Lofty, exalted. 
High, lofty. 
Upper part. 

Elative of JU . 

Of the letter O, 

marked with dots above. 

Comprise, include or ^ 

affect the whole of (any- 
thing), be common. 

Ul -* Ml * 

Paternal uncle. 

Tall (palm-tree), fresh 
herbage. 

Turban. 



Common people, 
'ila, betake one's self 

to, have recourse to, take: 
V intend, have in view; be 
baptized : VIII 'ala, depend 
on. 



Cause. 



Mark, trace. 

A strong or JLc *JU - 

big wild ass. 
Fodder. oUc 

bi, become attached 

to, get firm hold of : II hang, 
suspend. 
Know : V learn. 



Knowledge, 
science. 

Flag, banner, 

s 
way-sign, landmark, proper 

name. 



Knowing. 



World, multitude (of 
persons). 

Scholar, savant, itjlt -^ ^U 

leamed man, theologian ; bi, 
having knowledge of. 

Sign. 
Elative 



Certain, fixed. 
Outward 

man, exterior semblance. 



GLOSSARY 



Belief. 

Hamstring or hock 
(a camel). 

Landed Olj 

property. 
Bind (a camel) by 

fastening its fore-shank to 

its arm : VIII same meaning ; 

seclude, confine. 

it 6 x 

Understanding, J$i > 
intelligence. 

Rope with which ^JJU . 
a camel's fore-shank is tied to 
its arm. 

Most choice or excellent 
(of anything). 

Noble woman. 



A JSI AJL5U ^ J5U 

mountain -goat which takes 
refuge (in a place). 

Place of refuge, fortress. 
Turn backwards. 



Reverse, converse. 

Give (any one) to ^f- - 



drink a second time : II same 
meaning ; weaken, impair : 
VIII be ill with (a malady). 



Become effaced : ii&z U& 

II efface, obliterate. 
Effacement, pardon. 
Health, welfare, security. 



**' 



More or most obliterating. 

Cut off, treat ISyi^ ^ 

undutifully, be disobedient. 

Ill punish: IV y**fe 

cause to follow, produce : VI 
follow one another in turn, 
alternate. 

Subsequent. 

After, soon after. 

Punishment. 
Consequence, result. 

Tie, knot, draw up 

(a contract), put together, 
construct (a bridge), gather 
or convene (an assembly) : 

VII be formed into lumps : 

VIII believe, firmly believe 

in, hold as a doctrine. 

tt * * 

Contract (of 3^A *. 

marriage), covenant, arch. 
Necklace of pearls. 

Knot. 

Place of 
juncture, joint. 



GLOSSARY 



incline (anything) towards 
(any one) : V turn aside : VII 
'ala, be bent over, be inclined 
towards, enfold, girdle. 

Side. 

II neglect. 



i.f 



Those who deny the 

Creator or the Resurrection. 

IV give; double ace. }}o> 

or ace. and li, give (anything) 
to (any one) : VI occupy one's 
self with (anything). 

Gift, donation. 

Become great : II 

magnify, honour, venerate. 

Bone. 



Great, large, 

grand, important, terrible. 
Elativeof^Ja*. 

+ 

Main part, most, 
'an, abstain from : V 



be chaste, be virtuous or 
modest. 
Conscientious, honest. 

V bi, take refuge in 

(a place), betake one's self to. 

Putrid, fetid. ,>Afr ^ic. 



Afternoon, afternoon 
prayer. 

Whirlwind. j 

Defend, protect. 



Cord, strap. ^r*^ * 

Whiteness in the fore -leg. 

j 
A gazelle or 



mountain-goat ha vinga white 
mark on one or both of the 
fore-legs. 
Staff. 



Disobey, be UL*o 

x 

rebellious : III resist. 
Rebel. SU^ - ^U 

Bite. 



Limb, member (of the body). 

Is * 

Perish. 

Sweet-scented, 
odoriferous. 
Druggist. 
Scented. 



Be thirsty. 
Thirsty. ^ 



Turn ; 'ala, turn or 



GLOSSARY 



rrr 



IV be reduced to 

hardship, be or become poor. 
j 
Hardship, adversity. 

j + 
Camp, jbU *, 

army, troops. 
Collective^ troops, 

soldiers. 
Honey. J-l* 

It is possible, it may 

be. 

Nest. JU 

III associate with. 

Kinsfolk. 

A she-camel ten jU 

months pregnant. 
* j 

Jjlifc TT JU/U 

Lover. 
Tall (horse). 

'ila, look with blinking l^ 

eyes at (anything), endeavour 
to descry, betake one's self to. 

Nightfall. 

Evening. 

Band, 



company. 

of. 



Time, period of time, age. 



Well-known, famous, 
kindness, benefit. 

Root, origin, JJ^fc 

+ 

inherited quality. 

Sweat. 

VIII crowd one an- 



cr 

Be mighty. 
Power, strength. 
Power, pride. 

Honoured, esteemed, 

mighty. 
Elative ofjjj*. 

Go far away, depart. 

< D ^ 

'ala, resolve on 

(anything). 
Resolution, determina 

tion. 

VIII claim relation- 
ship with (any one). 



other, press against one an- 
other. 

Battle-field. 
Bridge of 

the nose. 
Naked. 



GLOSSARY 



present or offer (anything) to 
(any one) : II speak am- 
biguously, hint, allude; ace. 
and li, expose (any one) to 
(anything): III rival: IV 
'an, turn away from, retire 
from : V present one's self : 
VIII present one's self, put 
one's self in the way (of 
another), intrude, occur, be 
encountered, intervene, be 
perverse or intractable, be 
opposite, advance towards. 

+ 

Breadth, width, latitude. v 
Honour, reputation. 

Broad. ^^ ? 

* v 

Clouds extending side- 
ways on the horizon. 
Place, guise. 
Know, recognise ; 



passive, bi, be known by the 
name of: II make known, 
make definite, describe ; 
double ace., make (anything) 
known to (any one), acquaint 
(any one) with (anything): 
VIII bi, acknowledge. 

Better or best known, 
more or most laudable. 

Knowledge. 

T. A. IV. 



Of- 



Obstacle. 

Punish- 
ment, torment. 

Excuse : V lag behind j J& 

(on any pretext): VIII 'ila, 
excuse one's self to (any one). 

J 

Excuse, apology. 



Bunch, 

cluster. 
Blame, censure. 

~ of- 



Watered by rain (not by rivers). 

+ ** 
The Arabs. 

The Arabic language. 

o 

Arab of the *->\j*\ 

desert, Bedouin. 
Ascend: II 'ala, stop 

to wait for (any one). 
Ascension. 

Bride. 

Place where one rests 
at night. 

* 

Open space, io^ 

court. 
Lay breadthwise, 

show, present, offer 



'ala, 



GLOSSARY 



Enumeration. 
Act justly or im- 

x 

partially ; bi, take aside : II 
make equal or right, give a 
just decision : VIII be mode- 
rate or well-proportioned. 

Justice. 
Just. 



3 x Ol 

Elative of J^ IP . j j^ I 

Lack, want, be >J^ 

without. 

J 

Poverty, want. 
Not-being, non-existence. 
Deprived of, lacking. 

46* 

Abide per- 
petually. 

Mine. 

Run, pass 

beyond, exceed, transgress, 
act unjustly : III oppose, re- 
sist : V go beyond, exceed. 

Enemy; ^J**} *lj^l 
collective, enemies. 

Transition (of one thing 
to another). 

Enmity. 



Wonderful, admirable. 

Wonder, ^^U** ?*. 
wonderful thing. 

t 

Be weak, be 



incapable ; 'an, be incapable 
of, be unable to (do anything). 

Hasten, make haste : 



II hasten (in a transitive 
sense), accelerate: X make 
haste. 

Hasty. 
Speedy, sudden. 

IV dot or point (a 
letter). 

Biographical or geo- 
graphical dictionary. 

Reckon, enumerate : JCP 

II enumerate : IV prepare, 
provide: VIII prepare: X 
prepare one's self, make 
preparations. 

Number, sum (of money). 
Number, numerous. 

Number. 



Equipment, 
munition. 



rrl 



GLOSSARY 



over another : IV make mani- 
fest, display, pretend, give 
out; ace. and 'aln, cause (any 
one) to prevail over (any one): 
X 'ala, take precautions for 
(ensuring the success of any- 
thing), gain the victory over. 

3 i Os 

Back, surface, ridge, j$v-k /? j-yk 
upland. 



Midday, noon. 

Manifest, exterior, outside. jALb 



Wrongdoer. 

Darkness. ^JUP *. <v^v 

More or most unjust 

Be thirsty. 

Think, suppose, UJ3 ^ 
be of opinion 



Appear, become j^y- ^/v* 7 

manifest, show one's self, 
prevail, gain the mastery : 
III put on one (coat of mail) 



Place of crossing, ford. 
Of perfume, cling. ULc J>* 

III reprove, reproach 

IV prepare. 



Ancient, noble, beautiful. 
Stumble, trip. j^e. 

- * Ox 

A stumble, a trip. OtjJtp > S^t 

Q/" Me sea, >. U^ Tr 9 ^ 

roaring. 

Be astonished, wa..fr - 
wonder; min, wonder at, 
admire: V be astonished. 

A * 

Self-conceit. 
Wonder, wonderful. 



&> 
?*. 



bi, heed, regard : II 
prepare, amass. 

Load, burden. 
Serve, worship. 

Slave, 
servant. 

Worshipper. 

Cross, ford, ex- 

plain, interpret : II explain, 
give an explanation or in- 
terpretation ; 'an, declare, ex- 
press, explain : VIII bi, take 
warning from (anything) : X 
shed tears. 

Explanation, interpreta- 
tion. 



GLOSSARY 



glad ; bi, give (anything) 

willingly : IV make good or 

comely : X think or find good. 

Goodness, pleasantness, 

scent, perfume. 
Good. 
Goodness, pleasantness. 

li, good befall (any one) ! 
Elative oj 

Fly. 

Bird, birds. 

Spectre, 
apparition. 



Length, height, Jl>bl <* 
longitude. 



Beneficence, bounty. 
Long, tall. J'>J 

Name of a metre. 
Advantage, benefit. 

Elative of ^J^^J* . 
Oblong. 

Fold, hide: VII be 
bent or curved. 

Hungry. 

Be good or pure or 



jsu. 



Of. 



Claw, talon. 
Victory. 

Pass the day, continue, ^k 
become: II shade: IV ap- 
proach, draw near: X shelter 
one's self. 

Shadow, shade, J^l 
protection. 

The under part of the 
hoof. 

Do wrong, 

injure, treat unjustly. 



, t 



Sword, the part ii 

(of a sword) which strikes. 

Gazelle, *UU -p. 
beautiful youth. 



Elegant, graceful, ingenious. 

Depart on a journey, ^>Jd? 
set out. 

bi, gain possession of, 



gain, find, gain the victory 
over (any one) : II make 
victorious. 



rrv 



GLOSSARY 



Of a horse, 

agile, galloping quickly. 
Be effaced or 

obliterated. 
Desire ; f i, 

hope for, desire. 
Of water, 

rise high. 
Be pure or 



sort, variety. 

I V obey :X be able 

(to do or obtain anything). 
Obedience, submission, 
piety, province. 

bi or haula, go round, 

circumambulate. 
Party, number, com- 

m unity, people. 

II fringe, tit with a 



collar: IV be able (to do 
anything). 

Be long, be tedious: 
IV prolong. 



clean: II make pure, purify. 

Water for purifying 
one's self. 

bi, lead astray. -l 



Student. 



Rise, appear ; *ala, 

approach, get knowledge of 
(anything): III look over, 
inspect, peruse : V look, look 
down : VIII of a star, rise ; 
'ala, get knowledge of, know. 

Spadix or spathe of a JUt 

palm-tree. 

i x ^ * 

Place where JULo *. %Jlkuo 
the sun or a star rises. 

II pronounce the J^llb - 
sentence of divorce against 
(a wife), divorce : IV set free, 
let go, use (a word) without 
restriction or in an absolute 
sense: A 7 II go away, depart. 

' 3 

Absolute. 
Beauty, 
goodliness. 

Smear, daub, coat. 



Become overwhelming,^^ 
pass all bounds. 

Run in an easy manner. J<,J 

IV oUil, become 
settled, be at rest. 

Raise one's eyes ; 
bi, raise (the eye). 



GLOSSARY 



rn 



Manner of 

acting, course of action. 

One who \^^^o^ t3!>^ fr JL)^ 
makes lines (on sano^ etc.), 
diviner. 

Fresh. 

Flavour. 



Food, viands. 

Thrust, stab: III 

ace. and 'an, exchange thrusts 
with (any one) in defence of 
(any one). 

Pestilence. O-^'j 

Act insolently or 

tyrannical!}'. 

One who acts Slxl? . clb 

insolently, tyrant. 
II give short 

measure. 

IV extinguish. 
Begin. 

wl J 

Shed (any one's blood) ^J^ 

with impunity; passive, of a 
slain man, be unavenged. 

Relics of an encampment. jJLb 

Seek, demand, (JJo wJLb 

make a request : III demand, 
sue. 



Nature, natural ftLb - 

,. ... C '- 

disposition. 

J i+ s 

Natural element 5Uk >. 
or constituent. 

Class, table. AjCi 
bi, carry away. 

All together, \^o 

en masse. 
I V fill with emotion, 

thrill with delight. 

Emotion, de- ^ji' 
light. 

Glad, delighted. 

Susceptible to emotion, 
Throw : VIII reject. 

V* 

Embroidered, 



v_J1j.Jb1 



Eye. 

Side, end. 
Strange, curious. 

Come by night, 

attack, make lines (on sand, 
pebbles, etc.), practise geo- 
mancy or pessomancy: IV 
cast down one's eyes. 

Fat, strength. 

Way, path, road, Ji^i -y. 
manner of acting. 



rrc 



GLOSSARY 






self responsible for (any- 
thing), guarantee, contain. 

J O f 

Contents. 

IV give light, shine : \$*e - 
X seek for illumination. 

Light. 

* * 

Hurt, injure. 

Partner. 

Be lost, be neglected, 

perish : IV cause to perish, 

suffer to be lost. 
Estate, land yielding 

revenue. 
IV 'ila, annex to, 

put in juxtaposition to. 
Guest. 
Be narrow. 

Narrow. 
Elative q/" 

Treat unjustly, 
injure. 



What is confused or false. 



Rancour, violent hatred. 
Lose one's way, go JJ- 

astray : IV lose. 
Error, perplexity. 



Rib. 

Pronounce (a 

consonant) with the vowel- 
sound u, collect, draw, draw 
together, comprise, hoard ; 
'ila, attach to. 

Elative or *' 



Be lean or 

slender: IV conceive or con- 
ceal (in the mind). 

j f * + 

Pronoun. 

Be or make one's 



Cook, concoct. 

'ala, put a seal on, 
seal. 



alb - 



Skilful, expert, physician. 
Art of the physician, 
medicine. 



Troops Ajulo 

x 

taking part in a summer ; 
campaign. 
China, the Chinese. 



GLOSSARY rn* 

: Become ; 'ila, come to, iLo 



come into the possession of ; 
fi, pass into, enter: V 'ila, 
come into the possession of. 



Strike, beat, kick, 



pitch (a tent), coin (a proverb), 
set forth (a parable), use (a 
metaphor) ; 'ila, of a colour, 



VIII be agitated. 
Kind, sort. 

li, striking hard, smiting. 

Part (of the body) **>r 

struck (by a sword). 

X 

Udder, animal pj*b GJ*& 

(sheep, goat, or camel) having 
an udder or teat. 

J J *x 

The imperfect (in- cjL-apJI 

eluding the jussive and sub- 
junctive) tense (of a verb). 

Become (&*.-< QULO 

feeble ; 'an, be too weak to 
(do anything) : III double : 
VI be doubled. 

Weak, feeble, 
faulty. 



Fix the pro- IV; -r 

nunciation (of a word). 
Hyena. ^o 



incline to (another colour) : | Cry out. 



II be remiss, lack 
energy. 

Laugh: IV icl. 
cause to laugh. 

Morning, 
forenoon. 

Same meaning. 

of. 



Opposite, a word having two 

opposite meanings. 

- j 
Hurt, injure. j*o - 

Necessity. 
Necessary. 
More or most harmful. 



rrr 



GLOSSARY 



x 

11,-iin. *r'^ -d 

That which is right or *->\$*o 
correct. 

wJ x 

Copious, abundant. v~* 

> * * 
Calamity, w^uLo* ^ *-- 

misfortune. 
II make a sound. Oj-o 

Voice, sound, shout, O^-o 
clamour. 

TV li licfon tn *._e> 


T\ 1 * V.* 


manufacture : V bi, make a 
show of, affect. 
Art, skill. A^Uo 

Work, creature, protege. \*- L ^*e 
A woman who acts iaJlo 

wickedly, harlot. 

t ' x * x 
Building, %3Uo>e 9. rty,;.A 

fortress. 


literary work). 

S. 3 i ^ x 

Sort, s^ 1^.0^5 s_^ft-^>? ^ v_^i',yy 

c. 

kind, class. 

J Ox 

Literary ULoL&j -. wft^Uaj 

S 

work or composition. 
Same OlLUsu 9. w^^uo 




Tyre. j>o 

Form, shape, image, *J}" 
manner in which anything 

has happened. 

j 

Wnnl i 4 A ^-> 


2 x J 

Abstain from 1*3-0 j>\<& 
food, fast. 

~ S. ) 


C 


High ground, height. 
bi, call or shout -l,o 

to (any one). 
TTimtr olifmo t \~*^~> \\.~*+ 


two or of several (palm-trees) 
growing from one root. 

X X 

Melt, dissolve. j^-o 



Relationship by marriage, j^o 

Of water, pour forth, ^lo 
descend : IV hit, smite, at- 
tack, befall, hit the mark, 
say, or do (anything) rightly. 


catch : VIII same meaning. 

Hunted animals, ^3^-0 *~ J^j- 
prey, game. 

Hunter. ,>Uo 



GLOSSARY 



rrr 



Be good, be suitable : 



c 



ri 



Ill make peace with : IV 
make prosperous, put to 
rights, correct, amend : VIII 
be in concord. 

J 

Peace. 

Goodness, virtue, honesty. 

Good, virtuous. 

Good or pious action. 

Hard, sterile. jJL? 

Clay. JLoJU- 
II pray. 

Prayer, blessing. 
Place of prayer. 
Be burned, be sorely 



afflicted: VIII be burned, 
endure the heat of (a fire). 

Become deaf. 
Severe (calamity). 
Deaf. 

Of God, one ju0 Jc-o 

whose help is sought in 
trouble, everlasting. 

* , J 

Hard, JJU-euo 

x 

grievous. 

Essence of sandal- 
wood. 



Little, small. 

x 

Elative ofj+x*& . 
IV hearken, listen. 



o . 



C 



Row, line. 



Side, edge, surface. 

x x 

A kind of JJL& j 

serpent, name of the second 
month of the Moslem year. 

Yellowness. 

Yellow. 

IV of the sun, make 

(a landscape) flicker (with 
sunbeams), diffuse radiance. 

Be pure. 

Country, 
region. 
Polish. 



Polished. 

Serpent. 
Crucify. 



J--JU 



Hard, backbone, loins. 
A cross, grease, hard. 

Crucifixion. 
Hardness. 



rn 



GLOSSARY 



purpose : VII go, depart : 
VIII bi, let go. 



Money, change. 

Of a verb, perfectly 

inflected. 
VII depart, come 

to an end. 
A sharp sword. 

j j 
Steepn ess, jyu? 

difficulty. 

Ascend, climb, 

mount. 
Spear. 

Ascent, journey to 
a higher region. 

Have a dis- tjjto 

* 

tortion (of the cheek), turn 
away (the cheek through 
pride). 
Intractable. tj>*** 

J X "f. 

Same meaning. 

One who is ixo i 



in a swoon, insensible. 
Thunderbolt. 



Be little or small : 



II change (a noun) into the 
diminutive form : X deem of 
small account, disparage. 



Speak the truth : Jj J^o 
II assert to be true, verify, 
confirm, believe. 

Veracity, truth. 

Dowry. 

Friend. 
Veracious, sincere. 

Strike against, 

collide with. 
V li, apply one's 

self to (anything), undertake 

(an enterprise). 

A bird that Jjcot ?. ^J^ 
was believed by the pagan 
Arabs to come forth from the 
skull of a dead man, wraith. 

IV 'ala, persist in. 

II speak plainly, 
declare explicitly. 

Without froth, clear. 
Way. 

Throw down, lay 
prostrate. 

Place where 



slaughtered men lie on the 
ground, battle-field. 

Send away : V f i, 



dispose of, use for one's own 



GLOSSARY 



rr< 



carry (anything) with one's 
self. 



Companion, \_*^rv -^ >. > ir \ *~ 

friend, lord, master, author 
(of a book). 

A J 

Companionship, society. 
Together with. 
Desert. if. * 



7. 

Book, scroll. 
Book. 

The Koran. 



Blackness 

tinged with yellowness. 

J J 

Black tinged 
with yellow. 



Collective, rock. 
A rock. 

Become rusty. 



Return : II intro- 
duce, commence. 
Breast. 

J 

Noun of action, j>Loo -. 

infinitive. 
Ill encounter, 

meet by chance. 



Give a morning- ;-}- 

draught to (anyone) : II come 
to (any one) in the morning, 
attack (an enemy) in the 
morning : IV enter upon the 
time of morning : VFII drink 
a morning-draught. 

Morning, dawn, morning- j*~~o 
prayer. 

Morning. ?-We 
'ala, endure, perse- ^o 

vere in ; 'an, endure the want 
or absence of (anything). 

6 x 

Patience, endurance, 
fortitude. 

Dye : II same 

meaning. 
Dye-house. 

'ila, incline to, be well L*o 

affected towards (anything). 

Boy. 

True, 

correct, genuine, sound. 
Health. 

Elative of 

Accompany, >^-^^o 

associate with : X. take or 



*- 



rrl 



GLOSSARY 



~ : - 



Thing, some- - t. 

thing, anything. 
Be or become ^li 

white or hoary. 
Whiteness of the hair, 

hoariness. 
Same meaning. 



Old or 



OS. 

.LAI 



elderly man, elder, chief. 
Wooden bowls. 



II escort, accompany, ft*w - 
encourage : III ace. and 'ila, 
help (any one) to obtain (any- 
thing) : V prof ess the opinions 

of the Shi'ites. 

f 

Party, partisans, jpUwt ^. <bu 

persons who conform with 
one another. 
Make to enter, ^elw 

x 

plunge (one thing into an- 
other), sheathe (a sword). 

Mole, mark. 

Disfigure, disgrace. ^ 



Well known, celebrated. 

Hardy, 

vigorous, keen. 

VIII desire 
vehemently. 

IV make a sign or j^Z 
indication ; 'ila, point to, 
signify, indicate; bi, advise 
(anything to be done) : X ask 
the advice of (any one), 
consult. 

o e. 



A run, distance run by a horse, 

ride on horseback. 
VIII 'ila, long for, 

feel a desire for. 
Desire, longing. 
Name of the 



Sli 



tenth month of the Moslem 

year. 
Sheep pU *- 

or goat. 
Roast, broil. 

Wish, will. 



A sort of red dye, 

blood. 
Mouth (of a river). 



Pour ; ace. and 'ah, 

put (a coat of mail) on (any 
one) : VII be poured forth ; 
'ila, incline to. 



GLOSSARY 



VIII wrap one's self 

in (a garment) ; 'alu, com- 
prise, include. 

State of disunion, ^)-^ 

diversity, various sorts (of 
anything). 

North, north wind. 

Left hand. 



Northern. 
Hate. 



* of. 



Bear witness, 

testify; bi, bear witness to 
(anything) ; 'ala of person 
and bi, testify (anything) 
against (any one) : III see, 
behold. 
Witness. 

Witness, notary. 

J X 

Place or time jJ*>U.,o 

of assembly, assembly, place 
visited by pilgrims, shrine. 

Make well known : j^w 

VIII become well known. 

Month. 

Celebrity. 

Well known, celebrated. 

Elative of 



o 



Ruddiness. 
Ruddy. 

Miserable, 

unhappy. 
Elative of 

Doubt. 

Armour (worn on the 

body). 
IV be obscure or 

difficult. 
Form, figure. 

Ace. and 'ila, com- lw 

plain of (anything) to (any 
one). 

' M J 

Drive away ^ILw J^ 

(camels). 
Smell. 



Elevation (of the nose). 

A smelling ; fig., a brief 

meeting or embrace. 
Lofty. *4 1> ^ 

II gird one's self up, 

exert one's self. 
Sun. 



Solar. 

Sunny, full of sunshine. 



dispersed in flight. 



rrv 



GLOSSARY 



Rites and cere- 
monies (of the pilgrimage). 

II stir up mischief 
or sedition. 



'an, divert from : 

VIII bi, be occupied with 

'an, be diverted from. 

*t >, * 
Business, Jlxt *. JJLij 

occupation. 

An affair J^ ... 

- w 
which occupies any one. 



. 

Intercessor. 
IV fear. 

Cure, heal. Ilii 



Split, cleave, divide ; J& 
of the eye at death, become 
open, stare : III contend 
with, oppose : VIII derive 
(one word from another). 

Side. U 



Distance. 

An oblon . 

piece of cloth. 
Brother, intimate friend. 

Inf. of jU III. 
Trouble, affliction. 



Thong of *~w 
a sandal, shoe-strap. 

Be far distant. 

Bank (of a river). 
Bank (of 
a river). 



Tall or 

lank (mare). 
V branch off, 

become separated. 

Spur of 

a mountain. 
Ravine, ^b 

mountain-pass. 
Name of the eighth 

month of the Moslem year. 
X conceive (in the ^xi 

mind), be filled with (a 

feeling). 

33 Of 

Collective, hair. 
Poetry, poem. 

Wood, forest. 
Sirius, the Dog-star. 

Barley. 
Poet. 



Ot 



* jc^> 



Poetess. 



p2 



GLOSSARY 



rn 



JX Of. 



high, rise into view, appear 
from above, overlook ; 'ala, 
look upon (anything) from 
above. 
Nobility, eminence, *Jj> 

glory, excellence. 

j j _ 4 * j 
Pointed oUh* *- <xs^ 

ornament on the top of a wall. 

Noble, glorious, fine, 

splendid. 
Elative of vJuji . 

II go or journey 

eastward : IV shine. 
East. 
Eastern. 
Sunrise. 
East. 

Eastern JhJj^-o ^ 

quarter, east. 
IV attribute a J^w - 

partner to God, be an idolater. 


Polytheism, idolatry. 

Partner. 

VIII buy. 

Colocynth. 

The planet Jupiter. 

. 

Look askance. 



Drink : U/w 

IV make to drink. 
Drink, 



beverage, strong drink, wine. 

f ' 
Drinking-place. 

Explanation. .j 

Prime or ^.jj^ 
bloom (of youth). 

Small number 

or party. 
Hardness, 



perversity or moroseness of 
temper. 

Impose as a con- js>j 

+ 

dition. 

x 

Condition, terms ; in 



grammar, conditional clause, 
protasis of a conditional sen- 
tence. 

* + 

fi, enter upon, 



begin ; with following impf., 
begin to. 

' 

Religious law or practice. 
Religious law ^5^> *. 
or practice, watering-place. 

Become high, be >*J>ji - 
exalted: II exalt: IV rise 



rr* 



GLOSSARY 



Bone 

(sticking in the throat). 



Space between j* j* 



Be or 

become haggard or worn. 

Fat. 

II fill (with 



munitions of war), man (a 
ship with soldiers). 

Of a phantom, ^AS^I 
appear, rise to view : of the 
eye, become fixed (at death). 

- 

Person. ^n,*^ > 

Tie, bind fast : j 

II double (a letter) in pro- 
nunciation : VIII become 
strong or intense or violent 
or distressing. 

Hardness, hardship, 3jut 

violence, intensity, severity, 
impetuosity. 

Strong, great, 3! Jew -*. 
hard, intense, extreme. 
Elative of ju jw . 

+ 

Evil, jjji j 
mischief. 

Bad, wicked. 
Sparks of fire. 

T. A. IV. 



the thumb and little finger 
when outstretched, span. 

Eat one's fill, be %+2t 

full-fed. 

II make like, com- 4^w 

pare, make ambiguous ; ace. 
and li, make (one thing) like 
(another), assimilate, compare 
(one thing to another) : IV 
resemble : VI resemble one 
another : VIII 'ala, become 
doubtful or ambiguous to 
(any one). 

s * 

Likeness, like. 

Doubt. 
Ambiguity. 

Edge of 

a sword. 
II separate, disunite. C*I 

Various, diverse. 



Collective, trees. 
A tree. 

Brave. c 

Bravery. 

Lowest joint *.lwl ... i 
of the finger, knuckle nearest 
to the wrist. 



GLOSSARY 



journey : II make to go, 
send, cause to pass away, 
remove. 

x 

Way of acting, j-j~* ^ 5^*-* 

"' VL 
manner of life, behaviour, 

history, story. 

Planets. Oljllw 

x 
Space traversed in 

journeying, journey. 



Sword. 

Flow, run in flood : JL 

IV cause to flow. 
Torrent. 
Torrential. 



Rearguard. 

Go, pass ; double ^L* 

occ., force (any one) to incur 
(ignominy) : II mark. 

Price. 

III be equal (in 



value) to, be worth : VIII be 
level. 

Except, besides, other 
than. 

Summit. 



Equal, alike. 

Well-proportioned, full- 
grown. 

* 40* 

Go, 



State, con- ^jlw 
dition, case. 

Attain to manhood, 



Youth, early manhood ; 
collective, youths. 

Of an antelope, 

advanced in age, full-grown. 

M 

Young, young man, 

youth. 
V bi, cling to. 



Ship of war, galley. 



Shower (of rain). 
2 
Ulcer. Aili 

VI take the direction 
of the left hand. 

Syria. 

Ill-luck, misfortune. 



rr 



GLOSSARY 



For^etf ulness %.? +*f~> 




heedlessness. 


Prophet, the Apostolic tra- 


grieve, displease : IV do evil. 
Badness, evil. *yw 

s- 


Spear-head. A-LJ .. ^jUw 
Support lean * JLuw 


Evil disposition, evil. ^w 
Bad, evil. ^11 

Calamity, misfortune. Uw 
Open space Aljj _. ^ Ar , 


IV support (a tradition) by 
a chain of authorities ending 
in the Prophet: VIII 'ila, 
lean against. 

3 t. 


extent. 
Blackness .}!*-*< ^v^ 


Chain of juJUt .*. iUwl 

c - 

authorities cited in support 


main body, mass, common 
people 


of a tradition. 
Finp V rnofl.de or ^^jUw 


Chief, chieftain, lord. j^-- 


silk. 
Hump (of >oUiw -.*w 


Black, negro. 
II surround with . ^ , 


a camel), mound of earth 
heaped on a tomb. 


a wall, wall. 
Wall. ^ c ^ 


Year, ^l <ul 
- (^ 

(irleam flash ^f 


Chapter of the Koran. 5j^ 
j 
Bracelet. }3\~*\ ^- jty-' 

IVtoment 4&Lw c A>W 


High, exalted. .yj, 

Elativeof^. j\ 
II make srnooth k<~w 


hour. 
Smell, hunt. U^ o'w ^ 
Distance. **[*'* 
Drive. .sLj 


or level. 
Smooth, easy. ^.^ 

Smoothness, ease. ^^^ 
VIII draw lots ^ov- 


,, . . of j 

Market, ^t^wl .. JUw 
market-place, bazaar. 


(with arrows). 
Arrow. ^ov'b >*V"' ? ^ov-^ 



GLOSSARY 



rrr 



A hybrid beast of prey *.o~> 

(the offspring of the wolf and 

the hyena). 
Collective, 

fish. 
A fish. 
IV make fat. 

Be lofty, tower, rise : U > 

II name; bi, call (any one) 
by the title of: VI rise, 
aspire, vie with one another 
in ambition. 

I X - X 

Heaven. Ol^w *. tk+~* 

Name, noun, sub- l~t ^-^o-^t 

ject (of a nominal sentence). 

0*0 J 6 

Demonstrative SjliNI *-J 



pronoun. 

Noun of the agent, 

nomen agentis. 
Nominal. 

w 

Pour, discharge ; ace. \ 



and 'ala, put (a coat of mail) 
on (any one) : IV become 
advanced in age. 

Age. 

Way, practice. 

Ordinance, rule, 

institution, tradition. 



Peace, salutation. 

Safety. 

Islam. 

Moslem. 

Forget, be consoled : *)JLw 
II ace. and 'an, remove (grief) 
from (any one). 

x 

Consolation. 
Poison. 

Eye of a needle, 
poison, venom. 

A - 

Region, 



j ->. ^-j 



direction, course. 
Unseemly, 



bi, give (anything) * 

freely, be compliant in (any- 
thing), consent to (do any- 
thing). 

II make fast with 
nails, nail. 

Brown, tawny. 
Nail. 



Hear ; bi, hear of or *^w 



about ; li, obey : I V cause to 
hear : VIII listen to. 

X 

*- 



Sense of hearing. 



rn 



GLOSSARY 



Anns, weapons. 

II JJLJ, move 

in chain-like formation, i.e., 
in successive groups or bands. 

Chain. 



CCIA,...A~ 
- ' 



Authority, rulingpower,govern- 

ment, sultan, sovereign. 
Sultana, queen. 3jlKL> 

Commodity, article AxJLw - 

of merchandise, merchandise. 

Preceding oLLw oUL./ 

generation. 

i * z> * 
The early Moslems. oDLJl 

Go along (a road). 



String or thread ^/j/wwi . 

on which pearls are strung. 
Way, path, JUtJ 

route. 
II salute, hand over, 



surrender ; 'ala, bestow peace 
on, salute ; 'ila, commit (any- 
thing) to (any one): III make 
peace with : IV forsake, 
abandon, surrender, become 
a Moslem : X be submissive. 
Peace. 



Water-skin. 
Blinking-vessel, basin. 

Water-wheel, 

watering-place. 
Bowl. 

Be silent. l3^ 

Be or become quiet, ^ 

rest, be relieved, dwell, dwell 
in, inhabit ; of a consonant, 
be quiescent, i.e., without a 
vowel immediately following: 
IlandIV make (a consonant) 
quiescent. 

That in which one trusts, 
family, wife, property. 

Grammatical term, 

quiescence. 
Inhabitant. 



Place of 

abode, house, residence. 
Poor, lowly. 

Draw (a sword). JL 

4* * * 

Double ace., 



deprive (any one) of (any- 
thing) : VIII spoil, despoil 
(any one) of (anything). 

Despoiled, plundered. 



GLOSSARY 



rr 



Foot or base *-&.,. * k,.> 

of a mountain. 
Ill journey, travel : jJiw - 

IV shine, become bright. 
Book. 



i 



Journey. 
Shed (blood). 

Lower, 

inferior, sublunary. 
Lower, lowest, bottom. 

Of the letter ^, marked 
with dots below. 



Ship. 



Foolish. 

Young 

camel, camel-foal. 

Fall: III make to fall 

gradually or piece by piece 
VI fall by degrees, drop. 

Cloth of gold. 



Be sick or ill. 

Give drink to, water; 

double, ace., give (any one) to 
drink of (anything): VIII 
draw water. 



Generous, 
noble. 

Trousers. 

Journey by 

night, creep, insinuate one's 
self : IV journey by night. 

Rivulet. 
Syriac. 
II pave. 

Flat surface, 
roof, floor. 

Spring to the attack. 
Be or become 



happy: III help, aid: IV 
make happy : X bi, deem 
happy or prosperous. 

Happy, fortunate. 

Happiness, prosperity. 
Fore-arm. 

Kindle, make to blaze. 
Palm-leaves, out.* 



? O X 

Run, walk, Lou* 

strive, be zealous or active ; 
bi, bring a malicious report 
concerning (anyone), slander. 

2 x 

Labour, exertion. 



GLOSSARY 



Be perplexed or be- j ju; - 

wildered. 

IV confer (a ^J^ - 

benefit). 

w ) 

Gladden, please : j~t - 

IV conceal. 

Secret, secret thought, j~t 



origin. 
Line (of the J^J\~ 

hand or face). 
Navel. 

Gladness, joy. 
Bier. 

Secret, secret thought. 
Concubine. 

Coat of vjljfw 

mail. 
II let down or dis- ^,^t 

entangle (the hair) 

Name of a metre. 

Tent, Jj^ l^> - 

awning. 
Quick, ps- 

prompt, swift. 

Steal, commit a 
theft. 



c-rr 



II fill (with water), jj 
set on fire. 

Of a cloud, jpjr* n. -^ 

shedding much rain. 


Prison. 



Nature, 

disposition. 
Trail (a 



garment) on the ground. 

A cloud. 

Clouds. 

Bewitch. 

Magic. 

Dawn. 
II coast. 
Shore, coast. 

IV anger, move to 
wrath. 

Anger, displeasure. 

Generosity. pla^ 

II direct, guide in 

the right course: VIII be 
rightly directed, be aimed 
straight. 

Right, just. JUJL! 

Of an arrow, hitting the 
mark. 



GLOSSARY 



More. 

Ill separate one's self J^J 

from (any one). 
Adorn, beautify, ,jtj 

embellish : II same meaning. 
Adornment, gauds. 



Increase, be 

added, be superfluous or re- 
dundant ; give more (of any- 
thing) to (any one) ; 'ala, ex- 
ceed : VI increase gradually : 
VIII increase. 



Wild ^Uw 

beast. 

Seven circumambulations 
round the Ka'bah. 

f * r 

Precede, out- Uu_> 

strip. 
IV let (a garment) 



trail on the ground, let (one's 
hair) hang down. 
That which is let fall. 

Way, path, means 

of access. 
Make prisoner, .-.* 

carry off as a captive. 
. * 

Cover, veil, con- l 



ceal : VIII eover or veil one's 
self 

t> t 

Veil, curtain. 



Mosque. 



jL 






Remainder, 
rest, all. 
Ask. 

Asking with importunity, 
demanding. 

J * + 

Question. JjL~ . 

Revile, abuse. ^^t 

An oblong piece v>? w ?r 

of linen. 

I 
Means by which %^'^wt *, 

anything is brought about, 
cause. 

Disgrace, cause of shame, i--* 

Saturday, sabbath. ^;v - 

a - ' 
Swim. <n.Uw *.+** 

" 



(I declare) the 

glory of God, glory to God !, 
far be it from God ! 



GLOSSARY 



x-3 ?j- 5- 



(any one) in marriage to (a 
woman) : V take a wife, 
marry. 

Husband, wife. 

Wife. 
Marriage. 

II furnish with pro- ^j 
visions for a journey or ex- 
pedition ; double ace., pro- 
vide (any one) with (any- 
thing for a journey). 

Provisions for a journey. ^tj 

Visit : II forge, S/jJ jtj - 

fabricate : IX turn aside, 
deviate (from the right path). 

Falsehood. jjj 

Of a shadow, de- Jlj - 

crease or decline (at mid- 
day). 

Cease ; with pre- Jlj 
ceding negative, not cease to, 
continue, be always : IV re- 
move. 

Decline, declension. 

Dress. ^j 

Oil. 

Olive. 

IV remove. 



Having lean haunches. Jjl 
Slip: IV oUj -- jw^j - 

bring near. 

Bridle. ^ ' 

Pipe, flute. jU> j-J - 
Camel for 5JUIJ J^ej - 



carrying baggage ; fig. t one 
who is laden (with any- 
thing). 



Time, epoch. 
Same meaning. 
The inhabitants of ^JjJt - 
Zanzibar, the Negroes. 

0, 

Wrist. juj juj - 

Winding valley. ii3j JPJ 



Fornication. 

Collective^ 
flowers. 



A flower. 

Bright-faced, of ykj 
fair complexion. 

Ox 

Conceit, vanity, yb; ybj 
II pair, couple, unite; -y-jj 



i * oS 



double ace. or ace. and bi, give 



GLOSSARY 



rn 



Feather, furnish 

with means, restore to wealth. 
Feathers, plumage; fiy., 

means, wealth. 
Figured with marks in 

the form of feathers. 
Return. el 

Prime (of youth). 



see 

A camel on 

which water is drawn. 

Satisfied with drinking, 

having drunk one's fill. 
VIII doubt, suspect, 

Doubt. 



i 



IV bi, bring into 

contempt or disrepute : VIII 

despise. 

j 
Quick or oUj 

sudden (death). 
Assert, deem, think. 
Chief, holder of high 

office. 
Chieftainship, high office. 

Bad smell, jJj ji 

stink. 

Company. 
Dance. 

Street. 2$J\ ,, 

X Q 

Almsgiving. 
Pure, sinless. 



Sudden (death). ljj - ^tj - 
Dung. 



Chide, cry out at 

(a bird). 
March, advance: 

III march against, attack. 
Ill crowd, throng : ^^.j 



VIII push against one an- 
other, crowd. 

Crowded place, crowd, 
Edge (of a sword), jj jjj 



Standing corn, cereals, sown 
field, cornfield. 

J * ,0 * 

Place where 



crops are sown, cornfield. 



^ Jj - ! Boat, skiff. 



GLOSSARY 



j *. 



Come and go (to >|j 

pasture), take (a camel) to 
and fro (to water) : IV wish, 
desire, intend, mean, make 
for (a place). 

Collective, 

gardens, meadows. 
A garden or 

meadow. 

Frighten, terrify: 

VIII be afraid, fear 
Fright, fear. 

Turn aside, retire. ctj 
Please, charm, JJIj - _ 

delight : IV Jl^i, pour, shed. 
Beautiful, delightful. 
Tent. 



Desire, seek. 

The Romans, the 

Greeks of the Byzantine 
empire. 

Roman, Byzantine. 

Relate, recite, 2u\jj ^'^ - 

hand down by tradition, 
transmit, relate or recite a 
tradition of the Prophet : 
II provide one's self with 
water. 



Hare. 

Brightness, 
splendour. 



Christian ascetic. 
Kinsfolk. 



b 



VIII passive, f i, be 

responsible for (anything). 

Collective, hostages. 

Dung. 

Come or go or 



'* c b- 

return in the evening, go, 
return ; bi, bring (in the 
evening) : IV take breath, 
rest, cause to rest ; 'ala, bring 
back to, restore to; min, 
relieve (any one) of (any- 
thing) : V come or go or 
return in the evening : X rest 
one's self, take or obtain 
repose or recreation. 
Wine. 



t' 



Spirit. 
Wind, scent, 

smell. 
Journey in the evening 

Fragrant 
herb. 



c 



GLOSSARY 



That which is over- 




Ship, boat. 



Centre, butt-end of a spear. 
Agenu- 



flexion or bowing in prayer. 
VI be piled up, be j&) 

heaped on one another. 


'ila, rely upon, O-^J 

trust in. 

Pillar. o 1 ^;' * 

Mend, repair. 
Become rotten. 
Old and decayed bones. 

An old piece of rope. 
Rotten, decayed. 



Spear. 

Grave, tomb. v~*j 

Sand. W 

Name of a metre. 
Throw, shoot ; ace. 



- J-J - 

J ' * , 



bi, pelt (any one) with 
(anything) ; ace. and 'ila, sub- 
mit (anything) to (any one) : 
VIII bi, shoot forth. 



Companion. 

Elbow. 

Convenience. 

Place upon which one 

leans, couch. 
Having a long ^JJj JJj 

skirt. 

V enjoy a pleasant 43) 
life, have abundant means. 

Soft, JjlSj 

tender. 

Courteous, 
gentle. 

Spy, watch- 
man. 

Neck. 

V seek gain. 

Gain. 

VI exalt one's self. 

Ladder. 



Ride, lie 

over, overspread, mount (upon 
a horse or camel), voyage on 
(the sea), commit (a fault), 
encounter (a danger) : V be 
composed or compounded, be 
put together. 



rtr 



GLOSSARY 



Pasture, pasture 

upon (herbage). 
People under bUj ., 

a ruler, subjects. 
Pasture-ground. c\j** *. 

li of person and f i, 



ask (any one) for (anything). 

x 

Desire, wish. A+ZJ 

Cleave to the earth, ^o*) 

Earth, dust, sand. ^U^ 

Of a camel, utter \kj 

a grumbling cry, growl. 
Froth. S^lJ 

j 

Mouldering 

bones. 
Help, aid. 

IX. become 
dispersed. 

2 X X X 

Raise, remove, U*j *3j 
put (a word) in the nomi- 
native case : VIII be raised, 
be high or elevated, mount. 

High, lofty, noble. 



Be gentle or lijj J3j 

moderate or courteous; bi, 
act gently or kindly to (any 
one), oblige : IV treat kindly : 
X seek profit for one's self. 



Sweat. 

Follow the 

right course : IV conduct, 
direct in the right way. 

Orthodox, of good J^j 

sense, sensible. 

Of a young bird, U/j 

stretch forth its neck (in 
order that its mother may 
put food into its beak). 

Lead. ^^Ldj 
bi, be pleased with 



(anything) ; 'an, be pleased 

with (any one): IV satisfy, 

please : VIII be satisfied, 

approve. 
Pleasure, O'>^;^ ^JJ 

approval, satisfaction. 
Moist, 

humid. 
Fresh ripe 

dates. 
Moisture, dampness, 

suppleness, elasticity. 

Vessel con- 



taining a pint, pint stoup. 



Tremor, trembling. 



IX 



, return. 



GLOSSARY 



n r 



Base. 



Hammer, club. 
Provide 



Mercy. 

The Compassionate 

(God). 
The Merciful (God). 



(sustenance) for (any one); 

double ace., bestow (anything) 

on (any one). 
Grave, CHjj 

sedate, forbearing. 
Beginning. ^^j 
Sink, disappear. 

Penetrating. 

III exchange mes- 



sages with, negotiate with : 
IV send, send a message, 
send as an apostle. 

Oi 

Company, troop. JU>I >. J*w, 

Messenger, J-LJ 

apostle. 
Missive, letter. 

Trace, >^--, ^>o- 

vestige, remains, border (of 

a garment), article (in a 

dictionary). 
Rope. c>0 

Be firm, be firmly 

based or built. 
Sweat ; bi, exude. 



I Mill, mill-stone. 
Become cheap. 



Marble. 

Comfort, ease, 

abundance, peace of mind. 

Plentiful, fertile. 
Elative o/ /^.J . 
Turn aside, turn back, 



reject, baffle, restore, bring 
back : VIII come back, 
return. 

M* X ( 

Bad, noxious. 



j *. 

One who sits behind another 
on the same camel. 

i 

Sleeve. 

V gird one's self 



(with a sword) : VIII clothe 
one's self in the garment 

called tlj;. 

Outer garment (of a man), 1>j 
mantle. 



n I 



GLOSSARY 



VI throw stones at 

one another (of wild asses 
which beat the ground with 
their hoofs). 

Go on foot, walk : 



II comb (the hair) : V go 
on foot. 
Foot. 



Man. 

Stone tied to the end of 

a rope. 
Hope, hope for : l\a?.) U-; 

II same meaning. 

Side. *U.j! *. Uj 

Ox ** 



Wide, spacious. 

Saddle (a camel), set 

out (on a journey), journey. 

Saddle, saddle-bag, 

travelling utensils. 
Act of saddling (a camel). 

Departure, setting out 

on a journey. 
Saddle-camel. 



A day's journey. 
Have mercy on 
(any one). 



iJJ 



Be swollen or inflated. 

Hillock. 
II prescribe, 
arrange, design. 

Degree, dignity, 
office. 

Allowance, 
salary. 

Worn-out, 
ragged, vile. 

Bewail (a dead 
person). 

Name of v***-j **r^fj ~ 
the seventh month of the 
Moslem year. 

II give the prefer- 
ence to, prefer. 

Name of 
a metre. 

Poem com- 



posed in the metre called 
rajaz. 

< * * ^ 

Return : 



II trill, quaver : III try to 

make (any one) renounce (a 

> project) : X. reclaim, recover. 

^ j 

Become agitated. 

Earthquake. 
o2 



GLOSSARY 



see 

Person, self. 

Taste. 

Skirt. Jbil .. jii- 



He 



who or that which is in 
possession of (anything), 
having, possessing. 



Possess, own, be ^ 

master of. 

JJ Ot 

Lord, r*j<;J Vty 

owner. 

One who is owned, slave. 
Many a time, often. 

xx 

Suburb. u^O 0*0 - 
Tie. J4 - 

VIII dwell (in pj - 

a place) in the season called 






A place where people %jj 

dwell in spring, dwelling- 
place, abode. 

Quarter. jjj 

Name of the third and **jj 

fourth months of the Moslem 
year, the season of spring. 

Wednesday. 
Same meaning as 



One who 

mends or repairs. 

2- 
Elative of ^ > Ij . 



^ \j \ 



Head. 
Chief, leader, 

man of high rank. 
See, hold (as a belief 



or opinion), judge, think 
right: IV double ace., show 
(anything) to (any one) : 
VIII consider, deliberate. 

Judgment, opinion. 

** i 
Aspect, appearance. *l 

Sight, vision. 

Dream. 

Inf. of J\j III., 

ostentation, hypocrisy. 
Mirror. 

View, aspect. 



GLOSSARY 



Celebrated. 
Burn, blaze. 

Quick of apprehension, 
sagacious. 

Be abased : IV abase, J j 

humble. 
Despised. 

Blame. U> j*> 

Promise of security. 

Sickness. *U3 ,<O 
Sin. 

Tail. 

End, latter part. 

Bucket : fig., 

share, portion. 
Go, depart; bi, 



carry off, take possession of: 
II gild, embroider with gold. 

Gold. 

Golden. 

bi, taking away entirely. 

Way of acting, belief, 

doctrine, (grammatical) con- 
struction. 

o 

Mind, in- 
telligence. 

T. A. IV. 



Quick or sudden 

(slaughter). 
IV shed. 

Summit. 

A shelter. 

Frighten, terrify : 

IV same meaning 

j 
\ Quick or oUj 

sudden (death). 

IV obey ; bi, 

acknowledge, avow. 

' t 

i Remember, 



mention, notice : II remind, 
exhort, admonish ; double 
ace., remind (any one) of (any- 
thing): IV bring forth male 
children ; double acc. t remind 
(any one) of (anything) : V be 
mindful, call to mind: VIII 



same meaning 
Remembrance, fame. 

Remembrance. 

Male. 

Remembrance, ^>3 % 

recollection. 
Memorandum, 

note-book. 



GLOSSARY 



Remedy, medicine. 

The Templars. 
Silk brocade. 

Custom, habit. 
Name of a pro- 



* * 



C *"' 

O^ 
J^JJI 



vince in northern Persia, the 
natives of al Dailam. 
Ace. or li, submit to, ^>1> 

obey, serve. 

i 
Religion. 

Debt. 

Piety, devoutness. 

Gold coin, j*Jlo * j{*2> 

denarius. 
Bureau, financial O^> 

department. 



House, home, ^L3^ j^3 

dwelling, palace. 

collectively, country. 



Term, revolution, 
vicissitude. 

Convent, 

monastery. 
Circle, circumference. 



C 

? 



Round, circular. 

More or \j*}*\ \j*5* 
most trampling down. 

* ' 
Fortune. iJjj Jlj> 

Continue, last : III do ^b 
(anything) continually. 

Wine. 

Ill cure. ^53 



VIII^.,>1, store up. 

x 

Treasure, store. jjl*3 % 
Offspring, descendants. 



Reach, power, ability. 
Same meaning ; fore-arm, 
cubit. 



Wolf. 



'an, defend. 
Become dry. 



V3 

5x - 



Slaughter, ^^3 W3 

sacrifice. 
Slaughtered, offered in 

sacrifice. 



r*v 



GLOSSARY 







part of a dirhem. 


platform. 

- j 


approach : IV bring near. 
Base, mean, ignoble. .-o 

o j x<> 

Nearer, former, Uo^e ^>*\ 
present (life). 
The present (as opposed tJjJI 
to the next) world. 

w f J 

Of this world. ^^> 


dicate : IV behave haughtily, 
act presumptuously: X 'ala 
of person and bi, adduce 
(anything) as a proof against 
(any one). 

J " X - 

Proof, evidence. ^^ ?>- J>J3 

Guide. ^^^t . JwJ^ 

<L 

Ml 1 

Confident, daring. Jj^ 


TT e u 5 \ A A.J /'^LAN 


roll or rush down. 

s 


J^6 * 


j o 2 * 

Time, Fortune. >AjJI 




main part. 


Tears. x>*)\ *. **) 


self. 

o j 

Oil, unguent. O^' /? O-*^ 




polluted with dung. 
Dung, water into which ^>> 

dung has fallen. 
RWH ^\ 


craftiness. 
Calamity. ***'.> 

- Of f. 


Blood. *U.> 9. j* 


^-o, 

r p ree with A*>O p- o 


spreading branches. 
Collective worms .i^.1 


or ignoble. 
Be or become foul, ^~J> 
be sullied. 


Go round, circle, j\$ 
revolve : X form a circle. 



GLOSSARY 



r.i 



(God) to grant (anything) to 
(any one) : VIII claim, pre- 
tend to: X claim, demand, 
require. 
Prayer, invocation. e.\>> 

* , s 

Invocation, Ol^o . 3}) 
invitation, call to join a party, 
propaganda, party. 

Motive, 

incitement. 
IV assimilate (a 



letter) to (another letter). 
Side. Ji 



Push, thrust, repel, J,> 
avert; 'ila or li, give to, 
hand over to ; 'an, defend, 
protect. 

One time. 

Repulsed, driven away. 
V be poured forth. 

Bury. l3. 

Buried. 

Beat (anything, 15.> 

so as to break it). 
Be or become of 

small account. 
Flour, meal. 

Minute. 



Degree (of latitude or 

longitude). 
Become effaced or 



obliterated : II lecture, be a 
professor. 

College. 

Coat 

of mail. 
One who is clad in a coat 

of mail. 
IV reach, attain, 

obtain: VIII obtain. 

f 

Drachma, piece of 

silver. 
Know. ijl 



Knowledge of the 

traditions of the Prophet. 

x 

Game, guile. O o 



A ruined or leaky cistern. 

j 
Call, summon ; li, lj - 

invoke (God) on behalf of 
(any one), pray for, espouse 
the cause of (any one), ac- 
knowledge (any one) as sove- 
reign ; li o/" person and bi, 
ask (anything of God) on 
behalf of (any one), implore 



GLOSSARY 



imagine : VIII walk or be- 
have proudly. 

it ' 

Collective, horses, Jj+*> 

cavalry. 
Phantom, apparition. 



Tent. 



Choice, option ; select, 

choice. 
Sew, sew or IbL*. 

fasten together. 

Think, imagine: II JU. - 
li, cause (any one) to think or 



Slip 

Enter: fi, 

go into, enter; 'ala, come into 
the presence of, come upon, 
invade : IV cause to enter, 
admit ; 'ala, put (a particle) 
at the beginning of (a word). 

* 

Income, revenue. 
Inside of, within. 

Entrance. 

II make (a fire) 

smoke. 
Smoke. 
Play, diversion. 33 - 

Flow, stream ; of tp ^3 
herbage, become luxuriant. 

Milk, flow of milk. 
Collective, pearls. 

Pass away, go one's -*.j} - 
way, die. 



Of a camel, 

persevere in journeying, go 
on without flagging. 

Creep, crawl. lLo.> x_o - 

Animal for 

riding (especially a horse). 

An engine of war re- 
sembling the medieval turret. 

II administer, direct, jj> 
manage : V reflect, consider. 

Tan. ijj ' 

Collective, *{} 

hens. 
A hen. 
The river Tigris. 

Antichrist. 

4 

Darkness, 

night. 
Move (the feet) 

convulsively. 



GLOSSARY 



r.p 



Of fire, subside, 

cease to blaze: IV extinguish. 

Wine. 



Thursday. 
Lank, 
slender. 

Be obscure 
or forgotten. 

Ditch, JjjU*. *. 

trench, moat. 
Retire, retreat, 

slink away. 

J J , i 



Of the eye, sunken, depressed. 

j 

Plunge. 

Fear: II 

terrify. 
Maternal 11*. 

uncle. 

Betray, be false. 
Be unsuccessful. 



VIII choose: X ask 

(any one) what is better or 
best. 



Good, prosperity, best ; 
followed by min, better than. 



o 



Behind. 

Substitute. 
Khalifah, Tuil 

Caliph. 
Office of Caliph, 

Caliphate. 
Belonging to the 

Caliphate. 
Create. liii. 

Outward form, frame 

collective, creatures, people, 
multitude. 

Old or worn-out garment. J>JL. 

Of. J J 01 

Character, Jft)Ul *. JU-j jU*. 
disposition, moral or mental 
quality. 

bi, adapted for, worthy of. 
Moral quality. 

Pass, pass away ; *}Jl*. - 
of time, be past ; bi, be or 
become alone with ; min, be 
empty of: II baina, leave a 
free space between (two 
things or persons), leave (any 
one) alone with (any one). 

Solitude, privacy. Sjii, 

Empty. JU. 



GLOSSARY 



# i 1 

Abide for b^JU. jJU. - 
ever : II perpetuate, make 
everlasting. 

6 3 

Everlasting abode, that jJL*. 
which remains for ever, im- 
mortality. 

Mind. 

Become 

free, escape : IV make pure 
or stainless, purge one's self 
of belief in any except God : 
V become safe, escape : X se- 
cure for one's self, appro- 
priate. 

II passive, become Jxi*. 

disordered in one's mind. 

e. 

Mixed collection, rabble. 
Robe of 

honour. 
Be deputy for, 



take the place of; 'ala, take 
(a woman) as wife after the 
death of her former husband : 
II leave behind : III disagree 
with, contradict; 'ala, be op- 
posed to (any one) : I V break 
one's promise : VI be different 
from one another: VIII dis- 
agree, be different, differ in 
opinion, follow one another 
alternately. 



V walk or step over 
(any one). 

Become light ; 'an, 

be removed from (any one), 
quit : X rouse a lively feeling 
in (any one). 
Light, agile. 

Name of a metre. 
Lower, abase : 

II lower. 
Sound, resound: 
IV fail, be foiled. 

Be hidden : I V con- 
ceal : VIII conceal one's self, 
be hidden. 

Hidden ; o/ sound, faint. ** 
V pass through, 
penetrate. 

Lean, emaciated. 

Quality, disposition, 

habit. 
Friend. 

VIII beguile. 



Canal. 



Anklet. 



GLOSSARY 



r. r 



*-a*. 



Green 
herbs. 

J 

Green. j..cviw .*. 

Be humble or sub- 
missive. 

Mark (a place as an 

abode for one's self), choose 
(a place to dwell in): VIII 
plan or found (a town). 

} i Hi * 

Line, stripe, 
handwriting. 

Office, dignity, 
course (of action). 

IV commit an error, 

say or do (anything) wrongly, 

miss, fail. 
Fault, sin. 

Saine meaning. 

Speak in public, 

deliver an oration; ace. and 
'ila, ask (a woman) in mar- 
riage of (any one) : III speak 
to, address. 

Affair, ^^L . 

business, calamity. 

Orator, iLk*. 

preacher. 
IV cause (a thought) 

to stir (in the mind). 



Persons of ^o\ 

' C 
distinction, upper class. 

Exclusively. 

Elative of ^j^l*.. 

IV enjoy abund- ^-^-^ 
ance, obtain plenty, be fully 
satisfied. 

Abundance of herbage, v --nt- 
fertility, comfort. 

Abounding --:^"^ ._-^>^ 

with herbage, comfortable, 
fully satisfied. 

< 3 * fr 

Elative of v . : .nf^ . ^..ni \ 

V grasp in the 
hand, lean upon. 

Flank. 



Absence of ostentation 

or ornament. 
Sew together. 

VI dispute with 

one another : VIII same 
meaning. 

A * 

Adversary. 

Legal dispute, 

litigation. 
VIII dye (red or 

yellow). 

Stained (with blood). 



r. ! 



GLOSSARY 



Be disgraced : 
IV disgrace. 

Ashamed, dis- 
graced. 

Cause of shame or 
disgrace. 

IV cause loss to, 

defraud. 

* i 
Wrong, 

ignominy 
Wood. 
Piece of wood, wooden 

shed. 
Cause to rustle : 

II u *.a.,M.a>.'<, rustle. 

j j 

Rugged- 



Fear. 

Be special or par- 
ticular, particularise ; bi, dis- 
tinguish (any one) by (any- 
thing) : VIII bi, be appro- 
priated to (any one), have as 
a distinction peculiar to one's 
self. 

Especially, in par- 
ticular. 

Special, particular, bi, 

belonging exclusively to, a 
particular friend of (any one). 



Come forth, 

go out, go away, seFout, dis- 
embark ; 'an, be outside of : 
II extract, select: IV take 
out, put forth, pay out, drive 
out, expel : X cause to come 
forth, drive out, derive. 

Poll-tax paid by non- 
Moslems. 
Outside of. 



Place of exit, source 

Collective, Jj-** ~~ 

beads. 
IV make dumb or 

silent. 

Dumb. 
Conjecture, surmise. 

Stories, OUI^*. 

tales. 
Tear, rend, \3^L 

split. 

Valiant, resourceful. 

Piece of cloth. 

VIII cut off, reduce 

to extremity. 
Silk. j^- 

Guard. 
Treasury. 



GLOSSARY 



r. 



Time. 

At that time, then. 



Of 



near ' * at hand 



Seal. 

Shame. 
Cheek, side. j*.- 
Serve, wait upon. 
Service. 

Whiteness, (white) 
rings or stripes. 
Servant, minister. 

Servant, 

eunuch. 
VI refrain from 



helping one another, desert 
one another. 



Cutting. 

Ruin, demolish, 

devastate. 
Become 

desolate, fall into ruin. 

Uninhabited, unculti- 
vated, desolate. 



Caravanseray, inn. 

Go at a 

quick pace. 
Large jar. 



Foulness, 

wickedness. 
II and IV, give 

information, inform : X ask 

for information. 

oi 

Story, news, jW-' ? j-r- 

tradition, history, narration, 
narrative ; in grammar, pre- 
dicate (of anominal sentence). 

Tread, trample lk>. lau*. - 

on, strike (leaves off a tree) ; 
fi of person and bi, confer 
(a benefit) on (any one). 

x 

Craziness, 
insanity. 



Tent. ' 

Seal ; 'ala, put a seal 
upon, seal. 



GLOSSARY 



State, con- 

dition, circumstance, case, 
present time or state. 

State, condition, occasion. <Ul. 

Means of doing or <^*>- 

obtaining (anything), device, 
shift. 

X X 

Around, about. 
Go round 



(a watering-place), circle. 
Wine-shop, A3 la* 

tavern. 
VIII <ala, contain, 

comprise. 

Black, black in the 
lips, black hair. 

Become alive, 15*-^ 



x o 



live : IV bring to life, revive : 
X be ashamed ; min, be 
ashamed of. 



jf * 



Living, alive, 
tribe, clan. 

Shame. 

Life. 

Animal, animals. 

Bashful. 

J 

Where, in respect of. w~ 

10 x 

Act unjustly. 



Need, % 

business, what any one de- 
sires ; fi, desire for. 

Apostle L&l*^' 
(of Jesus). 

Seize for one's self, 



appropriate : VIII 'ila, turn 

aside to, betake one's self to. 

VII of game, be 



driven into a snare, be col- 
lected. 



Watering- tank, pool. 

IV bi, surround, 

encompass : VIII 'ala, seize, 
watch over, take good care of. 

Wall. 

Side. 

Intervene, interpose 

one's self : II change, remove, 
transfer : III seek to obtain 
(anything) by artifice, use 
devices : V become changed, 
be turned into (anything), 
remove one's self, depart : 
VIII 'ala or fi, scheme or 
plot to obtain (anything) : 
X be changed, be altered so 
as to become (anything). 



GLOSSARY 



of a woman, conceive (a child), 
become pregnant ; 'ala, at- 
tack ; ace. of person and 'ala, 
urge or cause (any one) to do 
(anything), mount (any one) 
on (a horse or camel) : VIII 
carry off, support, endure, be 
allowable or possible ; passive, 
be allowable or possible. 
Load. 



Animal for riding, 
beast of burden. 
Sword-belt. 



Wife's relative. 
Defend, protect, 

preserve. 
Pasture-land preserved 

(for any one's use), preserve. 
Yearn, long ; 



li, long for, desire intensely. 

**> f. 
Henna. U. U*. 



** 

Crooked o>.^ 1 



in the foot, club-footed. 
VII be bent or bowed, 



Side. 

VIII 'ila, have need -*.^ 
of, want. 



Sweetmeat. 
Acquire as an 



ornament : II double ace., 
deck (any one) with (an orna- 
ment). 

Ornaments. 
Boiling 

water. 
Death, doom, destiny. 

Pigeon, pigeons. 
Hot bath. 
A pigeon. 
Mud. { ' 

Praise. I 



Ass, wild ass. 
Bitumen, asphalt. 
Redness. 

Red, 

reddish. 

More or 

most foolish. 

Bear, carry, 



convey, carry away, export, 
put on board (a ship), give 
(any one) an animal for riding ; 



GLOSSARY 



Garment, robe. 4Jl. 

Lawful. 

Place, dwelling-place, 

abode. 
Place, situation, abode, 

quarter (of a town). 

Milk. 

Racecourse. 

Aleppo. 

Swear ; 'ala, swear oUL- 

x 

to perform (anything) : X. ace. 
o/* person and 'ala, ask or 
require (any one) to swear 
that he will perform (any- 
thing). 

Throat, 
gullet. 

Ring. 



Intensely black. 
Clemency, 



moral reasonableness. 

Of. J 

Dream. 



Clement, forbearing, 

gentle. 
Bear 



become sweet, be pleasing or 
goodly. 



Flank. 

IV make firm or 

solid : X become complete 

or perfect. 

Of. t 

Authority, j*\*~\ .*. ^&. 

jurisdiction, judgment, ordi- 
nance, judicial decision. 

j i 

Jurisdiction, judicial <Lj 

decision. 
Wise, sage, 

philosopher. 
Officer of justice, 

magistrate. 
Relate. 

Be or become lawful 

II make lawful, permit : 
IV make lawful, enter upon 
an act which has hitherto 
been unlawful. 

Alight ; ace. or bi, ^j.^ 

alight at or dwell in (a place) ; 
untie, loose : IV double ace., 
cause (any one) to alight at 
or dwell in (a place) : V be 
dissolved : VIII dwell in, 
inhabit. 

M 

Settler, neighbour. 

People who J^- ^ 

settle (in a place). 



GLOSSARY 



Keeping the Divine 

commandments. 
One who knows the 

Koran by heart. 
Governor (of a town). 

VIII exert one's 

self to the utmost, treat 
. ceremoniously. 
Splendid, magnificent. 

Magnificence. 




Unshod, bare-footed. 
Passive, li, be due to 

(any one) : II pronounce (any- 
thing) to be true, verify : 
V know for certain, be as- 
sured of, realise. 

J J Ml X 

Right, claim, JJ3-^- ?*- J>- 
just claim, due, what pro- 
perly belongs to (any one), 
truth. 

In truth, verily. 

Having a just right ; 

bi, entitled to, worthy of. 
Truth, reality. 



at - 



Elative of 

Bear 
malice. 







Presence. 
Advice, opinion. 
Put down (a burden) : 

VII be deposited, descend, 

become lower. 
Place where a burden 

is put down. 
Break to pieces. 



Fragments, shreds. 
More or most 

destructive. 
Portion, JA. - 

share, fortune. 
Fortunate. * IV- 
Elative of ^L. 

bi, surround, girdle : i>a- 
VIII bi, same meaning. 

Dig. 

Hole, pit. 
Hoof. 



Guard, watch 

over, preserve, protect, retain 
in memory, know b}' heart : 
III defend the honour of 
(one's wife and children) ; 'aha, 
watch over assiduously : V 
guard one's self, be prudent 
or mindful. 



GLOSSARY 



Count, 1 1 

compute, besiege. 

Be distressed, 

suffer anguish. 
Mat. 

Come into *$$*A 

being, be produced, come to 
pass, supervene, occur; 'ala, 
get, obtain : II produce (a 
result), procure, collect, ac- 
quire (knowledge). 

V fortify one's self, ^or^ 
occupy a strong position. 

6 

Fortress. ^ .nr* 

Chaste (woman). 
Inaccessible, 

impregnable. 
IV number, count. 

Pebbles. 

Be present, be 

x 

present with, attend, occur 
to the mind of (any one) ; 'ila 
or 'inda, come to, present 
one's self at or to : IV bring, 
cause (any one) to be brought 
into one's presence, present. 

Presence, seat (of 3< 

government), residence. 



Herbage, 
fodder. 
Gather to- f * 



gether, raise to life (at the 
Resurrection). 

, a , 

Place of congregation, ^^ . 
place where mankind shall 
be gathered together on the 
Day of Judgment. 

An old 

or worn-out garment. 



Modesty, 



reserve. 

~ Of- 



Bowel. 

Far art 

thou, may'st thou be pre- 
served (from anything). 

Fringe or hem (of 

a garment), edge. 
V II be stripped 
off, fall off, be lost. 

s 

Become nr 



established or manifest. 
Reap. 

Time of reaping, 
harvest, ripe corn. 



NL> 



GLOSSARY 



Count, reckon: ^ 

III call to account. 

Think, suppose. ^ 

Sufficiency. 
According as. 

Amount, value. 
Reckoning, rate. 

Envy. 

Remove, strip off. 

A jaded camel. 

VII be cut off, be 

prevented. 
Sword. 
Be good or ex 



Unlawful, forbidden, 

prohibited ; holy place, sacred 

territory. 
Wife and family. 

Reverence, sanctity, 
majesty. 

j 

Sacred, inviolable. 



cellent : IV make good, do 
well, be able or skilful, be 
beneficent ; 'ila or li, act well 
or kindly towards (any one) : 
X think good, approve. 



->. 

Good, excellent, beautiful, 
splendid, kind. 

x J 

Beauty, ,j-*U*-o ^ O - 

excellence, virtue. 
Elative of 



e I 



Belonging to the 
harem, female. 

Dress worn 

by Moslems during the 
pilgrimage to Mecca. 
Name of the first ^oL^Jt 

month of the Moslem year. 

Befall, suddenly 
overtake (any one). 

o 

Sect, party. 



High ground, jg^-^ 



highland ; prudence, pre- 
caution, good judgment, per- 
severance, resolution. 
Sadden, distress. 

Grieve, be sorrowful. 



Hugged (ground). 
Grief. 



VIII sip. 



IV feel, perceive. 

That which is an 

object of perception, sensible. 



GLOSSARY 



protect, preserve: VIII act 
as a watchman or policeman, 
guard, protect. 

'ala, desire eagerly, 

covet. 

II urge on, incite. 
VII turn aside, ^>*- 

depart. 

* * 
Letter (of the v-Jjj,*- ?*- 

alphabet), particle. 
II burn: IV same J>- 
meaning : V be consumed 
with anguish. 

A burning. J>j^ 

II shake, wave, ^j-*- 

agitate : V be in motion, 
move, advance. 

The front part of a 
camel's hump. 

f O 

Disappoint, 



deprive of hope ; double ace., 
deny (a favour) to (any one) : 
II make unlawful or inviol- 
able, prohibit ; 'ala, make 
(anything) unlawful to (any 
one) : I V enter on the sacred 
month, abstain from certain 
things which are forbidden 
to those who make the 
pilgrimage. 

T A. IV. 



II warn, caution, 

alarm: III beware of, be 

afraid of. 
Fear, caution. 

Afraid, cautious. 

Elative 



, Oi 



Cut off, elide, 13 Ju*. 

suppress, omit. 
Ill be opposite to. 

Opposite to. 



Be hot. ij^. J,*. - 

Free, noble. j!>-' ?? j-*- 

A volcanic tract strewn 5^*. 
with black crumbling stones. 

Silk. 

Ill wage war with 

(any one). 
War. 

Place of worship, 

niche (in a mosque). 
V min, shrink from 

(a crime). 

Protect, guard : 



VIII guard one's self, be 
cautious. 
Place of refuge. 

Guard, 



GLOSSARY. 



Strength, limit, .3 ju. *- j^- 

boundary, edge (of a sword). 

Strength, vigour. 



Iron. 



XII 



, be 



arched. 

II tell, relate, re- 
late to, relate traditions of 
the Prophet ; ace. of person 
and bi or 'an, tell (any one) 
about (anything) : V 'ila, 
talk to (any one). 

DC. 

Accident, 

calamity. 
Talk, tale, w^v*> *. 

oral relation of the Prophet's 

words or actions, Apostolic 

tradition. 
Accident, 

calamity. 
Recent,, modern. 

Traditionist. 

VII descend, flow 
down. 

bi, surround. JJjk 

j x 

Enclosure, Jptj^*- *. 

garden, meadow, hollow place 
in a valley. 



>. 



Pilgrimage. 
A pilgrimage. 

Name of the 

twelfth month of the Moslem 
year. 
Argument, proof. 



Pilgrim; collective, pilgrims. 

Prevent, hinder. 
Veil, curtain. 

Chamberlain. 




Stone, crag, rock. 
Prevent, hinder, 
impede. 



White ring on the leg of a 

horse. 
Whiteness (extending ^.a.rw.^ 

beyond the pasterns) on the 
legs of a horse. 
VIII appropriate, ^j 

Intelli- ^5*^ 

gence, understanding. 

bi, suitable for, worthy 
of. 

II sharpen, define, ij^ 



GLOSSARY. 



Yes. 

Army, 
troops. 



*re 

Carcass. 



Come, I jefc ,j 



come to pass, come to, commit 
(an action) ; bi, bring, bring 
forth, produce ; ace. of person 
and bi, bring (anything) to 
(any one): IV cause to come. 



- 



Swollen (in the belly). 
VIII bind one's back 



and legs (with a piece of 
cloth) when sitting. 
Gift, present. 

Gift. 

Clouds heaped one over 
another. 

Until when ? how 
long? 



Death. 
Necessarily. 
'ala, urge to. 

Make a 

pilgrimage, make a pilgrim- 
age to : VIII bi, adduce (any- 
thing) as an argument or 
excuse. 



IV love, wish : V li ^ %i ^. - 
or 'ila, show love towards, 
make one's self loved by (any 
one) : X prefer. 

Beloved. 






Love. 
A grain. 
Loved, desired, 

* ^v " 

dear friend; 'ila, loved by, 
dear to. 

Love. 

Imprison : IV be- 
queath (property )inalienably 
(so that its revenues are con- 
fined to a particular purpose). 

A 4* 

Prison. 



Abyssinians. 
Become pregnant. 

Cord, rope. 



GLOSSARY. 



A swift horse. 
Good, excellent. 

Act tyrannically, 

deviate, swerve* : III be the 
neighbour of (any one) : IV 
protect: X bi, seek refuge 
with, have recourse to (any 
one) for help. 

One who is protected, 
neighbour, client. 



Strive, exert I 

one's self: VIII exercise in- 
dependent judgment (in 
matters of law or religion). 

II equip, fit out : 
V be fitted out. 



Inf. 



III. 



Pass, cross, be allow- jl**. 
able : IV pass through or 
beyond, cross, bestow gifts 
on: VI pass beyond: VIII 
- pass, pass on ; bi or 'ala, 
pass by. 

Nut. 

Gift, present. 

Be hungry. 



Go or turn round ; 

of a horse; wheel ; of a nword, 
sweep. 

Space (for cavalry) to 
wheel or manoeuvre. 

Gulf ; black, ^jy*. ^ 



Be 

ignorant or foolish. 
Ignorant. 
State of ignorance or 

barbarity. 
Ill answer, re- 



spond to : IV answer, answer 
favourably ; 'an, answer (a 
question) ; ace. of person and 
'ila, consent to (any one's) 
doing (anything) : VII of 
darkness, be cleared away. 

Answer, reply, apodosis 
of a conditional sentence. 

Destroy, extirpate. p-W- 
A year of &** * 

drought or famine. 
Be liberal ; bi, give 



up freely, devote (one's life). 
Liberality, munificence. 
Of a cloud, 3W ^ 

yielding abundant rain. 



GLOSSARY. 



South, south wind. 
Stranger. 

The state of being a 

stranger, pollution. 
Stranger. 

Side. ^J!^*. 

Southern. 

li or 'ila, incline to, *.'.* - 
desire. 

1 

Darkness (of night), the ?-***- 
time just before sunset. 

Plural, ribs *J!^. . 
of the breast. 







Army, troops, province 

ul t 

Bodyguard (of a 

sovereign). 

j * 
Collective, 

stones. 



Funeral, bier, corpse. 
Corpse. 

o o 

Genus, class, kind, race. 
VIII gather (fruit), ^^ 

Gathered, plucked. 



) X 

Congregational a-ot^**. *. *-U- 

mosque, volume containing a 
collection (of traditions). 

All. 

Collection, y.^\s^o *- c< 

compilation. 
Camel. 



Whole, totality, entirety, 

whole number, sentence, 
clause. 

Beauty. 

Beautiful, splendid, 

excellent. 
Elative oj 



x ot 



Collective, 
pearls. 

Jambu (tree). 
Collection. S 



spirits, demons, genies. 
Paradise. 
Madness. 

Ill avoid : V 'an, ^w^ - 
withdraw one's self from (any 
one). 

Side. 



GLOSSARY 



AA 



The mass of hair on the 
head, head of hair. 

Become congealed. 
Inanimate thing. 

Name of the fifth and 

sixth months of the Moslem 
year. 

A * 

Live coals. 
A live coal. 
Pebble. 

Collect, unite, 

combine, compile; baina, join 
(two things) : II collect, per- 
form the Friday prayers with 
the congregation : IV 'ala, 
resolve upon (anything): VIII 
be collected, come together, 
meet, join, be full-grown. 

Gathering, assembly, **> 

number (of people), plural 
number. 



The Friday prayers. 

J j 610 J - 



J J 0' 
It 



Friday. 

Ail, the whole, collective. ***- 

f + 
Together. 

Party, number. 



Main part. 
Great. 

Elathe o 



Convey, transport, 

draw. 

li, drawing or producing 
(rain). 

Elative of ^Jl*.. 
Ill contend with. 
Skin, volume. 



J * I 



Strength, hardihood. 
Volume. 

Sit : III sit with, 

associate with : IV cause to 
sit down, seat. 

, 

Place of assembly, 
apartment. 

Rock. 



Clear away, remove, 
polish. 

Clear, conspicuous. 

Much, ex- ^af- 
ceeding, abundant. 

A large ^U^. ^ 

quantity of water collected in 
a place. 



IAV 



GLOSSARY 



'ala, venture boldly 

on (anything) : II ace. and 
'ala, embolden (any one) to 
do (anything). 

6 x 

Bridge. 

A tall or spirited she- 
camel. 

Body. j^f.* 

V impose (difficulty) 

upon one's self, undertake (a 
difficult or dangerous task). 

Rough aaJUfc.- 

or stony ground. 
Noise, din. 

Make, cause to be, 



VIII bi and 'an, be 1j 



put, put on, place; double 
ace., make (anything) to be. . . ; 
li or 'ila, attribute to, assign 
to, confer on ; with following 
impf, begin to : VII let one's 
self be made. 

Become dry. 



satisfied with (one thing) so 
as not to use (another). 

^ 'f. 3 

Part, portion, *|>-t ^- fj-of. 
member. 



/? *K 



Wild bull (a species of antelope). 

4& * * i 

Of water, ebb. 

Island, 

peninsula. 
Belonging to 

al Jazirah. 

Of marble, 

having veins of different 

colour. 
G reat, large. Jj,. Jjj*. 

2 ' 

Make (a final Uj.i 
letter) quiescent. 
The sign . 
Reward, recom- 



Eyelid, vessel, ship. 
VI swerve from side 
to side, vacillate. 

Rude, churlish. SU 
Be great, be glorious. 



pense ; double ace., reward 
(any one) with (prosperity). 

Recompense, apodosis *lj,. 
of a conditional sentence. 

Reward. 



" C 



*. j 



Body. 



GLOSSARY 



V be audacious, l^a. - 

dare; 'ala, venture on (any- 
thing). 

II test, put to the *->* - 
proof, make trial of. 

Experience. 



Animal that catches game. 

Extract, j^^* 

abridgement. 
Draught. &>. 

Take away, remove. 

O '(- 



Body. 

There is no avoiding 

(it), it is absolutely necessary. 

J * * * 

Sin, crime. 

Flow, run, pass, 

occur : IV cause to flow, 
make current, establish ; li 
or 'ala, assign (a sum of 
money) to (any one) as an 
allowance or stipend ; 'ila or 
li, hasten to : VI compete 
with one another. 

x 

Slave-girl. )\5*r 

{. 

Channel, course (of a 
river). 



II renew, restore. ,> ju. 

o 

Grandfather, >'j^-t ; 

ancestor, fortune. 
Earnestness, seriousness. 

Very, extremely. 

New. 

IV suffer drought 
or dearth. 



Grave, sepulchre. 

Wall. obJ-- 

IV give, bestow ; 



double ace., give (anything) 
to (any one), confer a benefit 
on (any one) ; 'ala, suffice, 
avail. 

) , * * 

Rivulet. Jjtjufc. .. 
Draw, accost : 

III double ace., contend with 
(any one) in pulling (any- 
thing). 
Trunk (of c I*. c J*. - 

a palm-tree). 



Joyful, happy. 

Brand, 
fire-brand. 



GLOSSARY 



Praise. 



Garment. 

Recompense (for good 
works). 

Abode. 

Be stirred up : IV stir 
up, raise. 

Remain (in a l\^ 

place), abide. 
Host, hospitable. 

Abode. 



A fruit. 
J5U 

" - ^ 

Remains of food or fodder in 
the belly ; that part of the 
belly in which are the remains 
of food or drink ; remains of 
water in a rock ; a rock. 

Price. 

Precious, costly. 

Bend: II mark 



(a letter) with two points : 
IV 'ala, praise : X make an 
exception, except. 



Body, corpse. *. w*a 




away. 
Hell-fire. 



Of a camel, having 
no hump, flat. 

Eunuch. 



Of a bone, be set, be 
put in splints. 

Splint. ^U^. *. 

Proud, arrogant, tyrant, 
giant. 

'ala, of 



God, create (any one), with 
a disposition to (anything). 



The Pentateuch. 
IV of God, ordain, 

destine. 
Fig, fig-tree. 

Lose one's way. 
Desert. 



GLOSSARY 

Elative o 



**> 



wilderness. 
A time, one 
time. 



Jxg 



J** 



b^ & 



Strap jljl *, ^ytf _ 
(behind the saddle) passing 
under the tail of a horse. 

IV weigh down, load 
heavily. 



One who is bereft (of a child 

oi' friend). 

j 

J *' - 'i*' 

c 

Cause of disgrace, scandal affect- 
ing one's honour. 

II mark (a letter) ^JL5 
with three points, pronounce 
(a letter) with any of the 
three vowels. 

Tuesday. 

VII be broken in the 
edge, be notched. 

There. 

IV produce (fruit or 
revenue). 



Blood- revenge, 
vengeance. 

Be cracked bU 



Be assured ; li, be 

established as due to (any 
one) : II establish : IV make 
to stand fast, cause to remain, 
retain (anything in its place). 

xO ) 

Affirmative. C^to 

III 'ala, be assiduous j^j 

in (anything). 
Breast, ^ jj ^ ju 

nipple. 
Earth. 

Abundance. 



Frontier. 

Name of a >Uu 

shrub which grows in the 

desert. 



GLOSSARY 



IV fill. 

Upper 

t \^ 

part of the chest next the 
throat. 

Leave, abandon. ^)jj 

Turks. 
Antidote. 
Be or become 



fatigued : I V fatigue. 
I V execute perfectly 



or in a finished manner. ' 



see 



Mound, hill. J3 JJJ- 

Follow, read, recite. *)HJ 

That which follows or ^Ij 

comes next to (anything). 
Be or become UU3 ^ 

complete : IV complete, 
perfect. 

Complete, perfect. ^oU 

Complete ; of 2Ae moon, 
full. 



Amulet. 



Twin, 

one of a pair. 
Follow : V pursue, ^> 

seek after : VIII follow, 
pursue. 
Follower. cUJ ~. jU 

see x^.. 



Vintner, merchant. 
Under, C*s*J ,>*3 ic 

* s 

beneath. 

Of the letter ^, marked 
with dots below. 

s 3 3 

Ua*J ** 

Gift. 

t 



Contemporary, equal in age, 
fellow. 

Dry earth, dust, 

soil. 

Same meaning. 
Biography, 



biographical notice, article 
(in a dictionary). 

Shield. 



GLOSSARY 



Verse. Ol 

The Ka'bah. 
Perish : IV destroy. 







Except that, but. 
II whitewash : 

IX be or become white. 

Collective, helmets. 

Egg. i-A*j 

Whiteness. u^^f 

White, of fair ^^uj Ja\ 

complexion. 
Sell ; ace. and min, cb 

sell (anything) to (any one) : 
VI buy and sell with one 
another, barter. 
Be plain or manifest ; ,jb 

'an, depart from : II make 
clear, ex plain: IV make plain, 
speak plainly or perspicuously, 
be or become manifest. 

6 s 

Separation, parting. 
* , 
Between, <j-o 

amongst. 
Evidence, proof. 

Exposition, eloquence. 



Frame, constitution. 

Son. 

Daughter. Otj *. 

Diminutive, of ^ 



Calumny, 

slander. 
Beauty, 

splendour. 
Brilliance. plyj ^j 

V alight and dwell in l^j 
(a place), take (a place) for 
one's abode. 

Gate, door, 

subject, topic, category, 
chapter. 

Disclose (a secret), -b 
declare, reveal : IV make 
lawful, permit the use of 
(anything): X exterminate. 






A mat made of reeds. 
State, con- vJV~~ 

dition, mind. 
Pass the night. 

J 

House, tent, ^>$ 
temple, apartment. 



{ A I GLOSSARY 

III exert one's self, do all in 



one's power : IV double ace., 
bring (any one) to (a place). 

Effective, effectual, com- iJb 
plete. 

x 

Eloquence, rhetoric. 
Elative of aJb. 

Amount, total. 
Intensiveness. 

Try, test, afflict : *s)U 

III bi, with preceding nega- 
tive, pay no heed to. 

Affliction, calamity. *$*> 

Affliction, 



AiJUc 



calamity; a she-camel that 
the pagan Arabs used to bind 
and leave to die at the grave 
of her former owner. 

Become decayed. ^Jb ,J*j 
Yea, certainly. .Jb 

Fingers. O W O"* 

Bengal. 
Build, 



form (a word) : VIII build. 

Of. ~ 

Building, edifice ; 

collective, buildings. 
Building. 



More or most lasting. 



Having little 
milk. 





Young (man). jju ^u 

Sheave (i.e., round grooved Sj 
piece of wood) of a pulley. 



Journey in the 
morning. 

Weep, weep t\Si> 
for : IV cause to weep. 

0* 

Nay, on the contrary. Jo 
VIII become wet or JJL> 
moist. 



Fierce, advancing fear- 
lessly. 

Nightingale. 

VII shine brightly, 



>- S 



be resplendent : VIII same 
meaning. 



Country, land, town. 

Place where an ostricli 

lays its egg in the sand. 
Used collectively, country. 

Small town, village. 

Oak. 

Reach, arrive, attain : Jb 



GLOSSARY 



IA 



Camel. 

Portion, 

some, one of. ... 
Husband. 
IV hate. 

Seek : VII be 



fitting, behove ; li, be proper 

for, beseem. 
Acting tyranically and .Ju 

unjustly, insolence. 
Harlot. 



One who acts SUb cL 

unjustly or insolently. 

Collective, cows, jju jJu 
cattle. 

Wild cows JiL'jfi'jL 

(a species of antelope). 
A cow. 



Land planted **AJ Ju 
with trees. 

Piece or tract of cUu . 

land. 
Remain, be left *li. .Ju 

over, remain alive : IV leave, 
allow to remain, leave alive, 
spare : X spare. 

Remainder, bUj ^ 3UL 

remnant. 



Become vain or 

worthless, be made ineffectual, 

fail. 
Vain, worthless, false. 



Tribe, clan, bottom of a valley, 
water-course, belly. 

Having one's O^ - 

belly full, gorged. 
Send, rouse, 



raise, raise from the dead ; 
ace. and 'ala, incite (any one) 
to (anything). 

1 i Of 

Army, levy. 
Cause, motive. 
Become 



9* t 



juu 



distant, retire : IV make 
distant : VI be far from one 
another, be distant. 

J x 

Afterwards. jju 

After. 

Farness, remoteness, 
distance. 



Far, remote. 2tjuo . 

Long after. 
Klative of j^J^f. 



GLOSSARY 



bi, show joy at 

meeting (any one). 

II give good news 

to (any one) ; bi, announce 
the good news of (anything) ; 
ace. of person and bi, an- 
nounce good news of (any 
one) to (any one). 

Gladness. 

Man, human being ; 
collective, folk, people. 

Skin 

Human. 

II cause to see, make 



(any one) aware of (anything) : 
IV see : V consider, observe. 

o'e. 

Sight, vision, eye. 

Having insight, in- 
telligent ; bi, skilled in (any- 
thing). 

IV retard. lla.* - 

Water-course. ~Uaj 

C '* 

Arrogance. 

Farrier. 

Farriery. 



Ship of war. 



Blessing. 
Blessed. 

Collective,, 

ticks, insects which cling to 

camels. 
VI compete for 

superiority. 

Despoil. 
Clothes. 
Seed, grain. 
Garden. 



Spread, spread out, 

expand : III behave cheer- 
fully towards (any one), con- 
verse freely with (any one) : 
VII become spread out, be- 
come cheerful, take one's ease, 
act in an easy and unem- 
barrassed manner. 

Carpet. 

Plain, 

* ^ * *" 

open country, field. 
Name of a metre. Jx..>.. ; H 

The earth. 

Length of the out- 
stretched arms. 
Open country. 



M2 



GLOSSARY 



IVA 



Outstrip, surpass, 
overcome. 

Sow (seed), scatter 
(grain). 

Give, offer, *^Ju JJu 

devote, sacrifice. 

Righ teous, jj j jj 

virtuous ; bi, dutiful towards 
(a parent). 

Land, continent, desert. ^ 

Desert, waste. 



Create : V min, de- Ijj - 
clare one's self to be quit of 
(anything), renounce. 

03 f. x 3 t 

Become * 

convalescent. 
Depart, cease : 



II cause pain ; bi, afflict, 
distress. 
Violent (wind). 

Be cold or cool. Ij 
Striped garment. 
Come forth, appear. 

Ox 

Lightning. Jjj 

II f^Jj be veiled. 

III fi, bless : 



IV make (a camel) kneel. 



Avaricious, 

miserly. 
X bi, become inde- 

pendent in (anything), take 

entire control of. 

* i 
Escape. j^ 

IV bring into exist- lju 
ence, originate : V begin : 
VIII begin. 

Double ace., strive to 



reach (a place) before (any 
one) : III hasten to be before- 
hand, hasten. 

Full moon. 

IV originate, invent, c j^ 

Wonderful, extra- 
ordinary, original. 

II substitute ; double 

ace., give (any one anything) 
in exchange : IV substitute ; 
ace. and 'an, substitute (any- 
thing) for (anything). 

Substitute, substitution. 



Body, a short coat of mail. 
Appear, become I j^ 



visible, occur, suggest itself, 
seem good : IV make mani- 
fest, show. 
Desert. 



I vv 



GLOSSARY 



Sign, miracle, L\J ^S! 1 /? 

verse of the Koran. 
Yes. L$l - 

e 
That is to say, i.e. (_l 

WTiich, what, which- ^j 
ever. 

When. 

II strengthen. 

ir. 



Again, also. Liut 

Time. ,jl O^'~ 



At the present time, now. 
Where] 

O! 

Palace. 



Returning often (from 
sin), penitent. 

II interpret, express J^l 
the implied meaning : V in- 
terpret ; bi, render the mean- 
ing (of a word) by (another 
word). 

Household, family. Jl 

Instrument, equipment, 5JI 
accoutrement, harness. 

First, JsTy Jjl 
beginning, former, ancient. 

Place or condition to 

which one ultimately returns, 

end. 
IV give shelter to, 

protect. 



Sea. 

Belonging to the sea, 
seaman. 

Lake. 

* , 6 ,, 

IIj^^J, walk 
arrogantly, strut. 



-. 



Vapour. 

T. A. IV. 



Well. 



~os. 



Ferfe o/ blame, ^^SJ ^ L> 
be evil. 

j o 

Harm, fear, 
calamity. 
Poverty. 

Unfortunate. 

Sorrow. ^ 

V rejoice, glory. 



GLOSSARY 



with, see, perceive, feel, ex- | 
perience : V take pleasure 
or delight. 

Cheerfulness, gaiety. 
Friend, companion, 
human being. 



A human being, a man. 
A human being, a man. 



Nose. out oul 

- ft* 

Disdain, scorn. iqJlj ASL>\ 

V be pleasing or JJjl 

delightful or dainty or luxu- 
rious. 
Beautiful, pleasing. JJ-JI 

England. JUX&I 

* 

Vessel. Ob**"fcl ,JI 

* C * V 

Whencesoever, how. ^jl 

j t. j 
Be populous or S( jjbt 

inhabited. 

Family, kinsfolk, people, Jjbt 
those to whom a thing be- 
longs ; li, having a right to, 
worthy of. 

Return : bUj bbl ,J5 - 

V come or return to (any 
one) at nightfall. 



pro- 



Hope, hope for : 

V look carefully at, consider. 

,t 

Hope. J*t 

Be secure from tLot ^^-ot 

(any one) : II render secure, 
grant security to : IV render 
secure, believe (in a religious 

sense) ; bi, believe in (God). 

* 
Security, promise of 

security, indemnity, 
tection. 
Trustworthy, overseer. 

Amen. Os^'j 

Safety, security, fidelity. 
Belief (in a religious 
sense), faith. 

e 'ui U-^ 

Slave-girl. 

Descended from 

'umaiyah. 
IV bring forth 

female children. 
Female. * 

Feminine (gender). 
Spain. 

bi, be friendly lljl 

or intimate with : IV make 
tranquil or at ease, consort 



I v o GLOfe 


SARY 

Collective, ^i\ ^J^t\ 
spears. 
see +*>*. ^o '^ 

x 

i 


"Pqin .Ml _Jf _}| 


A god. 4y)t -*. 4)1 4)1 

x vl, g 
God. 4XJI 

O God ! JlvJUt 

i c- j 




model. 






follow a path : VIII bi, take 

as a model, imitate. 
zi -2 
Mother. Olyot ^ j*\ 

, ^ 
In front of, before. ^1*1 
- 
Imam, religious 4*jt .. >Lol 

leader, leading authority. 
w wt 
Illiterate, ignorant. .-ol 

Tf lit 


X extirpate. J*! 

J t t 

Root, base, J>^' ?* ^J-e' 
origin, principle, original 
form or signification. 


" * 6 

w 0x0 

A Frank. vVS^J^' " 


Clime, ^J15I *. JK&\ - 
region. 
II strengthen * ^^t 


Either . . . or. jl . . . Ul 
& 
x g 




Eat X take (any- ^J^t 


bi, order (anything) to be 
done. 

Thing, matter, j>' ?- >' 
business, affair. 

^ 5 

Prince, ^l^1 ^. dj-j^l ^* j-j-*> 
commander. 
Sign, token. S^UI 
see jj* l^l 
Yesterday, ^^o 1 ^! u ~*\ 


thing) to devour. 
Food. j!>! 

Food. J^U r> 4Jl^Co 
\Vliv nf vf 7 *sM 




put into writing. 
A thousand. ^^)\ >. oUl 

Intimate friend, mate, o*)l 
fellow. 



GLOSSARY 



x Ofr Ox 

The Armenians. O-*;*^ ~" 
l 

Honey. ^j\ 

Garment cover- j\j\ jj\ 
ing the lower part of the 
body. 

^ ^ j 

Effective, powerful. 
Yaman spear (see L^J^ 



Front, oppo- *ljl ^jl 

site. 

Over against, opposite to. 5 ljb 



Master. 
Silk brocade. 
Take prisoner. 

Form, make. 
Near relatives. 



I 

jUwl 

xOx 

J/^l 



o 

~>\ 



Prisoner, captive. 

^juu c ajt^Lli 

Column, pillar. 
Fleet. 



Be intensely lill JLI 

grieved, mourn bitterly. 
Bishop. ouurt 

) * ,0,0 Ox 

Alexandria. i.jjUX-^1 - 






Accoutrement, equipment ; in, 

grammar, a particle. 
II induce, hand 

over, deliver. 

** C 

li, give permis- li^l ^1 

sion to (any one to enter). 
Permission. 
Ear. 



II chronicle. 

Date, . 

chronicle, history. 
Historian. 

Rice. 



t ;' 



jb 1 



Earth, land, region, ground, 
floor. 

Wide, fertile. ^auj 

t ot 

Name of a rJ^p*^|t M 

tree which grows in the 
desert. 

Be sleepless. j\ - 

X 

Raised couch, canopy. 



GLOSSARY 



II put after or in 

the second place, postpone, 
defer : V remain behind, 
come after; 'an, remain be- 
hind (any one). 

^l ,*l 

Other, ^1 *. 

another. 
Last, latter. 

The next world. 

Hinder part. 

III behave as a ^\ 
brother to (any one), frater- 
nise with. 



3>.\ 



Choice, favourite. 



Brother. 
Sister. 



o I 



A loop of rope for tethering an 
animal. 



Polite literature or accomplish- 
ments, good manners, con- 
duct, behaviour, rule of 
morality. 

- ,1 
Polite, cultured, lL>>t . 

scholar, man of letters. 

j ~ 
Banquet. wO^ /* 



A glorious action jJU . Sjjl 
handed down from genera- 
tion to generation, a noble 
deed, a noble quality or 
character. 

X hire. j+*\ 

'(. 

Reward. j^.1 

, * 

JU.I *. JaJ 

Fixed term, doom. 

Yes. 

Of water ) &^\ 



become changed for the worse 
(in taste or colour). 

- o s Z 

One. j^J^I j J^' - 

io* jo. 

Sunday. J^" 



Inveterate enmity. 
Take, derive, 



comprehend ; bi, take hold 
of, have recourse to ; 'ila, 
lead to, extend to, take the 
way leading to (a place); 
'ala, take (a certain route 
or direction); III chastise, 
punish : VIII take for one's 
self, get, use, employ. 



GLOSSARY 

I 



Haughtiness, arrogance, *bt 

scorn. 

- * 
Stubborn, unyielding. .^\ 

Citron. (^^ ~ 

X fr 

Come, come to, occur; ^>\ 

bi, bring, produce; ace. of 
person and bi, bring (any- 
thing) to (any one) ; *ala, 
arrive at : IV double ace., 
give (anything) to (any one). 

Hand down (a tra- jj\ 

x 

dition) : IV prefer, choose : 
X bi, appropriate (anything) 
to one's self ; 'aLa of person 
and bi, take (anything) for 
one's self in preference to 
(another). 

Trace, vestige, mark, ju\ *. j$\ 

impression, relic, monument, 
record, tradition. 

After. Jl , > J| 



II make perpetual or jul 

everlasting. 

All time to come, eternity, jut 

fst 

Always, unceasingly ; with ljul 
preceding negative, never. 

Wild (animal). July *. ju1 

V put under one's Jsut 

(own) armpit. 
Collective , camels. Jo I 

X* 

Separate flocks. 



li, know, recognise ; 4^1 

passive, li, be cared for, be 
regarded. 

Father, cbl ^1 y>\ 

forefather. 

i 
Parents. 

Paternity, paternal 

dignity. 
Refuse. 



> u 131 



J x x 0/0 



~. SLoJI ^ l^ JU 



10 i 



Jut 



5. -uJI .^,7 ,<) J^5j. He mentions his relationship to 
the Caliph through a woman of the tribe Kilab. 
8. IfJ^Ui *M* U^.. Wright, u. 283 B 284 A. 

J xOx> 

10. ^y-U ^ytXfrJi, i.e., Najdah. 



5 



10 



j i 15 



9. ^L^to> . UJuct, i.e., "I commit it to thy protection." 



O'> "lest it be thrown down." 



14. ly3^C>..> lyJ^ oy^- '" "" ' '"' ' >;1 . v (lt Judgment. 

15. *JI juLj, i.e., "the mutilation of my hand will cause 
my fellow-tribesmen, when they hear of it, to hasten to 
my aid." 



Ill 




7. Tahman ibn 'amr al Kilabi. 



JuLf 



1. ^>j^-^5, a town near Aleppo. 
jiJuf jll ^>*. Wright, n. 135 B. 
3. j.^9 ^jJLfr, explained by the commentator as meaning 

02x 'ox 

c^ 1 ^' jv& i^*- "On horseback" is a possible rendering. 
5. jJtLo j^ j^Tl^, "and the last I saw of thee." 

- X J X 

8. i^j^aJI 5j^aJ. Najdah ibn 'amir the Kharijite. 

For the origin of the name ^ji/aJt see Second Reading- 
book, 14, 13, note. 



MA 



UUU j.*..ftlo. o- W J"^U Ul 



JU 



JjJ 



^UUI ' ^1 IJuL 



6. 'abu '1 Shaghb 'ikrishah al 'absl. 



fl A3jUaiJI ykj 

t- 



xt3-> x o- 

12. ^t , plural of ^1, the feminine of 



J15 






UL5 



xf 

C-JI Aa^ 



j: 



,J C~iUj 

*^ 



irl ' 



ju v 



JO^JO 



4. JU ^5 ^jJiu, "advancing (opposite to the others) 

x ^r x 

on one side." 

vt x 6 A 

11. jc, a village in the valley of ^jl^JaJ! near Mecca. 
16. CJO3, for J 



IJui 



9 0x9 



^3 IjU l UJI l> JUj U* t 131 ^ 5 

UUlwl I 



jujJI 15^ 

t ' lii ^ uj 131 



*-oJI fUt ^ JJUt pUfcj CJU A 10 



5 xO 



J x J x x Ot x JO- 



UljJ UtJ^I*. UU jJb ^1 *J}. ^ l^^J UU \^ 
UtjJ jj^f. >\ l J^.)\ WjW ^ 

' ipNT *^ uu 

x E V x 



3 



10. JIX)f oWeA?, "awake during the night." 



I 1C 



sUJlj iJI ^H, itt dU5 

X ^ X 

x x x ' xxx .2 

j-c J~J U J->~3j ' 






JxOP Sxx^w 00- 



JUjj J15 ' 



l 



10 ' s 






\ = 

9x90 



15 



J li J 

i^ 

o 



Ox *F J > 

AJt 



JV5 { 



^ 5 



A.JU 



Uljjjf 



Sf 10 






urp 



JU 4.3 






0x0 XXX 



20 



I i 






jJ**. u*. JIS ' 
U 






10 U- OUJu vilw 131 



15 



5 x 



-JI 



JJj g 



*. 407. 

5. *J1 Ooi lyJ, i.e., the goats were so thirsty that they 
dried up (drank dry) the waters to which they first came. 

13. j~*l, "a small dust-coloured man." Clt ^^ Jf.it "jiik 
iii the next verse. 

15. fc.j^jkiJl JLUaLoJI, "one whose feet follow each other 



alternately," as in climbing. 

L2 



nr 

5. Sakhr ibn 'abdi 'llah al Hudhali. 

X X ^0 0. 



ljutf m\ 



o* >* - I Ox x 

Ut^-cu! A) ^^1 ^ .JUj UUJt J 

X X T? 



Uj OUU b 



uisf L J^j JU. u 



* Si o t 

10 



i o , a > 

15 



1. .JUI >L-o. "The erring Sakhr" (Wright, u. 202 CD) 

so called " on account of his dissolute behaviour and his 
exceeding harmfulness " ^igMni, 20, 20, 3). 

11. J^. U - J^Xi. Wright, u. 252 A. 



I 



OJO <*t- 



JIS ' 

J15 4 



is AJlio. The writer argues that inasmuch as the thing 

x 

excepted (aJLJ) precedes the C-*au it virtually precedes the 

Ox xOx x 

Oyt^e, which is the general term (<ti* ^i~.*Jl) : hence it is 
put in the accusative (Wright, n. 337 D). But the nominative, 
he adds, is also admissible because aJLJ may be regarded as 

a permutative ( Jju) of the general term and therefore stands 
in the same case. 

T. A. IV. L 



?S, S- 



J C 



10 



*1>^LL* yJLjt v^ 



9 Of. 



5. .iJI ^>b ^j u and none who is near to him (in other 
respects) is near to him (in worth)." 

6. i^U*. ,>*. The commentator says that ^jf, is here 

equivalent to jui^, but the meaning "because of" (Wright, 
ii. 142 D) seems to suit the context better. Translate: "do 
not withhold thy bounty from me on the ground that I am 
a stranger." 

12. *Jt AJL^ <il J^Sj. See Wright, n. 336 A 338 A. 

The OoJ (qualitative) is L~, the OyuU (object qualified) 



10 



0x00 



Jt^-aJI 






asui 



JJ ^ J5JJI 






U 



15 



} J 



i 



SUiJL. 



1. 
17. 



See Kor., 7, 7176; LHA., 3. 
both . . . and. Wright, n. 180 D. 



-~ A 

UXN 

' 

U <rt ^L.JLO C*,;K4 4J O^a 

X XX X 



J 10 



Ox x 

U rr 



though the men of al 'aus (were trodden down) under his 
breast." Against this interpretation is the fact that the 'aus 
were of Ghassanite stock and would presumably be enrolled 
amongst the troops of al Harith. 

if it JOs xOx x 

12. *lfrJ) ^-A"> ^oy*^ ^J> a P r overb signifying that their 
destruction was imminent. 



13. JI l^iftl^e, literally, "whose thunderbolts were a 

{cause of) creeping to their birds," i.e., to the birds which 
they terri6ed. 



lev 



JUb 



Up 



J^JDt 



JUb 



f f O s s O s * JOxx- x OxJ J 6f J s 

^-f-i C>.ta> ,?.fc U^9 ^JLs juj^Ji Qtjut 
>^ >Ua^J! 

+ 

^ ^r^j >Ol 

v> O-^ 1 

x 

^1 JU>..t^ 

^b ' 0*5 

15 gJJ^' u *.a> *.a> ^ 4^Ji ' J>^i-.J O 1 O 1 - 
O>^J' A^U o4* ! 

C-Jt^ V^oJ ^UjH *$ 

XX ^ 

X >XX0X 0^3 x i C 



18. fj\ 



eg ex. 



- Ahlwardt translates: "as 



U1 









J 5 



s Ox 



t^ 



4)3!^ 'vl^J 



10 



15 



O-* 



1. ly**Jj, used collectively, in reference to the prisoners 
of war. 



U-o * 



I CO 

J ^ ~ f ^ 



U 6 



9 x x j 



0/00 J J 



10 



UJI U* 



iSUt d jjb 



i 
Jyus 



J f Oj J* OJ fit fixJ 



15 



x x x J 



7. 



s case ->b' w ^ c h i s usually 



intransitive, must be a transitive verb, .jtjj, however, may 
equally well be derived from the fourth conjugation. 

si xOx x Of 

15. .*^^ 
found security." 



s^l, i.e., "with whom I have at last 



lot* 



UU 



431 JUI 



ilii 4JLn o 



lj dixJLl v>^UIj jb cul -o-kJt 10 



16. ^^IlJI Afcj, "the correct form of expression." 



I J J 



L5 11 

o^j o * 



J x xx JxJO 

J X X J JxOx-X JJx0 X0 V J X J * 

s 



j 

10 

JOsJOJSJJ J 



^Ju 



x xx Jxx 

7. AjjJt, i.e., the imperfect of ^J is ^.^/Ju- 

x 2 X x Oxt 

9. ^JtXJt C*s,ol, " mayest thou refuse or dislike to be 



cursed ! " a phrase used by the pre-islamic Arabs in addressing 
kings. 

J 3 Si J if x 

10. *->}** cH-*^*' referring to the long waves or ridges of 
sand. 



Ufb 



3I>IJI 



Uul 



ur 



JlyL-JI 






0x0* 



U.j xiul LUf JloUl JJA 13 1 ^ ^oUljt Jji 



i x 



x OxJ 



10 



15 






1 ^ Of- * xx> I Ox 



*1 



Leul *- 



in J '.*>' ." 
10 w^^.gXi> O"^-5 L5^ ' 

2 t * Z *> j o * ' 



J5 3! pji 



p 3 JUJt 



15 



15. ^QJ^ X "such a one as thou would'st wish to have." 



1C 



J^J! ot 



^JJI 



J Ox J . 



l OJU 



jL*J'5 



i 10 



u cJi u v 



' ^^< 

I x^xx 

lyj lyJUO 



15 



x x ) J 



0*0 9 



"Ox x O 

3 



x 

U-Lo 



Jb UfJLo Oj-o Jjsu 



10 



*> r 



J*Jt ^U 



OJ J OxO< 



15 



OxOC x Ox OP Ox 

rl Ajbt 

- 



I PA 

UJ ^J L^l L^n 
U->^ < 



9 x J 

j>-a~~> J->jjb 



<*r? 

x J x" x * x x 2xxx02<0JJ 

X X X 

x O 2x 2x ^x tfx JO x 0/0 u X 

tft L<^3 *-'j*- wJl>3 *Jt CJU. rr 5 



xx x x - x> xx 0,3 xOx J i x 

J^^-j y ^oJJl j^>5^ JiJ^ Lr^*^ ^-j^ 1 

X X ^"^ X ^> 

' W^*%%J L-*o 3 jiA^iJ^VsLTAj* v J l^eU-J ^c-3L-) w^But 

X XX 

4. 'alqamah ibn 'abadafe. 



J - fr Ox 



>x J 

<^. v A^ l k*' t*+~tt*J i V-' V^^MV ^^** I i BH^ ^xw^*v l W W^ffc^^ 1 l Itaf *JH^> 1 \s 

t xxf 



3. .Ju. See note on 146, 11. 

j x 6x> w x 

5. j-o**JI OvU.. The pagan Arabs used to abstain from 
wine, etc., until their vengeance was accomplished. 

*Jl \jT^}i "and with great difficulty has it come to be 
lawful." 'See note on 147, 1. 

f lO J 

8. j*JaJI Jjl**3> " birds of prey, vultures." 



11. aJLj ^ *J1 reigned from 529 to 569 A.D. See 
LHA., 51. 



Hv 

I x*o- 5x 5x-rfix S.xoj x x x 

LjL^VJ U j... a> c 



u 131 j ^ 



x x 

J J x S 



Jjl 

,2 j x Ox05> 0x o o 



,ix0x> 



05 x o 3 O 



Of. X X - 



1. U j. ; a- . Here U has an intensifying force. Wright, 
u. 276 B. 

4U3, "in comparison with it." Wright, n. 156 A. 

* i 5x if 5x 

2. .-Jb ,y>J, for Col LV&- The preposition may be 

regarded as instrumental. 

10. ^, " oh, those men ! " Wright, u. 216 D 218 A. 

^o5x o o5xo<x 

12. o***- J*> for O*^ 1 CH>- 

XXX X 

14. UJ, "verily it was because of" or " in retaliation for." 

K2 



JU UJ 

J o-JjUf ^ tui ^ JjU o^ U JO 

" 






5 x J 

. 5 



c 0} 



3. Ta'abbata Sharran. 



x -> $ wx 2xx 0< x 5 x 

<J gJb Lit JU ^jdl oLX*. r 10 



.-i* 

^5 X 



3. Jt jj lyJ, i.e., "our battle-days are conspicuous 

(renowned), like horses marked with white." 

is 
11. Jt jUM slj^j, i.e., *' he left behind, in me, a sister's 

son to avenge his death." For this use of )**, see Wright, 
u. 138D. 



x J ) 1 x t 



U 4jjJU, i.e., "one who is invincible." 



x Ax x05 rtJ x 9 J JJ J x Jdx 6 x xx 

^jj 1 



"^iuiuj y 



Jx J dfx 4 J ftfblO ** '> 6 ' ' M 

cU <ulj U lit 2Lw JIJUI ^j U ^o^iJ Ut^ A 
U UU.' c 

^ c xOx 



J J i < ! X 

wiJ OUsJI J*. 



\ r 



Lui ^jV> l^Lai .J U 

XX TT x 



10 J 



1. J-^fc-- The glory of the tribe is compared to a lofty 
mountain. 



2. AJ j. Wright, ii. 159 A c. 

3. vJ>J-^ >*^ 5 names of tribes. 

8. jjjaf\ jlL ^1 , " to the best of the uplands." 

jx> ^ 

9. OJ-^' sU^, *.e., "bounteous as the rain." 
T. A. iv. K 



3 U 



juxo ^t 5y5 gj-JU ^ojoOl juu ^1 5 



u 



u JJuJtj ju J^i 



2. al Samau'ai ibn 'Miya, the Jewish warrior. 
(J^JsJt o^) ^U c* J^ 1 

j^ n>j jxi 14^ vo^iTt o- JlS Ju ^j Ji tij i 10 



^ i x 61 * 0* x x Kttf 00* * J 



JJL5 ^lj,O1 o! W J ^^* Uj^jjuft -..JL5 IJI O 

l^ ^J> Jj U^ t 



ui u 



11. V*j-5 "its (burden of) wrong," i.e., "if he does not 
take upon himself to avenge the injury which he has suffered." 

12. l>jju. The Arab poet often represents his wife or 
another woman as taunting and upbraiding him. 



IKT 



x 



U 



U JiJ 



10 



X J x 



15 



90' 



0x0*0 J J JO* 

M ,.Mla*aM 



J/SJI 



J5 0-* v> 

O* *$3 >*^ ! Cn^ 

POP J , xtXX X .-XJ x Ox J 

\ - 10 

\ ( 

x wxx ^.1 xOx xOx JOWJ 

ULtUx* JjU ^a>.o Juxo Lx>b U-j3 CJjU^ v 



t>^3 JU3 



JjLJ o* JI1 3 JLLlt 



JO J x 

. JJI 



JU >iyl 15 



IF! 



UEu 



f 6>o J 6 



5 ^U j.3 J&> 4J 

f I s $Z fix w( J^x JOx 

N) dXJjU J-JJ! ^^aa. LoJlj rL<A.>>J ^o-3 



Ul 



10 C^g 1 6l\)$ Ojj^> AJ^ ' OtjJ JM AJ! 



5 xj j t. 0* x i J 

> v 






Jyu 



l jl *^A o' v > > * 



JU5 OjOft il- ly-j* 5 




8. ,^13 (for^^li). Wright, i. 266 EC. 

9. t**j3 tl$. The subject may be either the deserted 

abode ( j!>) or the poet's ' self ' (^Ju), whom he apostrophises : 
both these nouns are feminine. Cf., however, note on 144, 12. 
The apodosis (" I was not always so feeble," or the like) is 

omitted; or it may begin at ^j 1^3, the intervening verse, 

xix 

-U1 .--UjU, being in parenthesis. 



10 * 






in 



0, , l> } 3 ' , 



VIII. POEMS. 

1. Imru'u '1 Qais. 




1. .Ul iJb^. Wright, ii. 75 AB. 

10. jlil ^b- Jiit >A ^JJI 
n. 231 seq. 



. See Wright, 



irx 

3 Uj 



CM 



Jbu 



/, U)! lyiols Apj ' UaJI djU 

Ox it i 6*6* i. ) * Of. w x 



10 



J>5 



jJLSjiU 



Jx0 3 Jx0j0xOx 

^ CM vo-k^-l* ; Js* 4 *- 11 j^'>-*- CM cr^ v*^*" 



CM 



10. ^,..u.tL.> , v u according to." 

12. -i,JI Jj.3 c>J^, "and people will not condescend to 
(comply with) thy demand." 



10 



irv 



JUI U 

JU u 



dJUt 



JIi 



15 ' ^u J*. ^JUfr .i U 



" ^)j .y uli d 



1. ;l^ NJ, " may there not exist ! " 

* tot. jo;. 

3. <xJUI ^^.jl^, "and I swear by God." ^j\ is a contraction 
of O-o^J ! ' plural of ^J^, "oath." 

5. *i^4-^ V ^- Cf - note on 34, 10. 



15. ^)JL> .-d JVA...>, "and when there is a falling upon 
thy hand" (cf. Kor., 7, 148), i.e., "when thou strikest or 
bitest thy hand (in token of repentance)." 



ir* 

u ' 



ol 



Ox 0x6 



0XJ0X 



" JULe 



V- X 



10 



U 15 



3. JI rwi;^- Cf. the proverb, u3 U- 1 ?-AH "^' 
"every vessel exudes that which it contains." 



I re 

. Select Sayings from the 'atwaqu, 7 dhahab or 
"Golden Necklaces" of al Zamakhshari. 



13! ' 



* u 

JxOx 



<COA> 



" t 

* X O J 6xWx ^ O jjj OX 

5L*. dLa^-j^ ' A^O a^*J AJUt 



^1 ** U ' 

- 

OX XO- JO XX OxJx JOrtXX 



10 



" 

fOx 



15 ji 3 li.1 ^aj ji b 



U l* AJJI 



7. j^-^o^. Wright, ii. 128 B. 

tx i? wl x 

8. AjtjJ AJLo, "through an error in thy judgment." 

9. iJa-oJI >U^t VJ-*' *- e -i " roc ^ e * ne camels hard." 



in 



i , * , * - ft Ox Si x x Of J HI s J J 

+.j 1**~* *N)| Ool JA " jJbjJI ju^t U jUaxJI ^Xcu 

Lo Jj-Uj ' JUJI 



' JSUl io ^ lU^I 



>) 



xi JfrOf 



JjJ 



aj 



UjJI 






Iju 

00x0 x ft 



10 



Oxx 'OjJxxxx 00 X 



15 



Jji 



4. 



0' 



15. ojou 



See note on 118, 10. 



- Cf - K r-> 56 U a ^ foil. 

Jxxxx 

, referring to Kor., 38, .34. 



)l UliJb 



5 



1 



15 



I.JI 



x 
O.xJLwU ' jtj.>t> H.J 



O- 



1. 
8. 

9. JI U 
11. ^Jt 



, Kor., 41, 35. 



. Cf. Kor., 7, 154. 

A^. Freytag, Arabum proverbia, ii, 92. 



trr 

90 



o + 



" * =J ^}>} 10 



2. -XXX OX - X*i 

*^J' .V 

X ^* 



ut* 



1. -Ut ^j ^. You say Jjlfcu xU a ^, "he 
did not gain any advantage from it." 

jx xOx x x 0Jxx 

12. jj^ft ju . . . .-yl^J U ly.J v0 y j ^ a reference to Kor., 
41, 31. 



14. juj *->j~o. referring to auch sentences as \j+6- juj 

to* 9 a * xxx 

or ljuj 3^-0^ *r>^- whicli are familiar to students of Arabic 
grammar. 



in 

>* 



UU " UU JS 013 



OJxOOx OJt 



10 






15 ,v V^J ^ ^ ' t^jf l^ JU^^JI ol5 



6. Jt >^W- Amulets hung on a, boy to preserve him 
from the evil eye were cut off when he attained to manhood. 



8. ijj^ju . . >v o^3, Kor., 9, 41. 

X J ^M* 

13. .-wt^a^J! JjlSjJ I, "refined" or "luxurious." 

12 



ju.jjt .L; 

iU 



">i AAi 



O OJxQOx J I 



, 10 

Ox 









15 



2. 

4. 

11. 

15. 



, Kor. t 35, 9. 
, Kor., 28, 60. 
, Kor., 2, 51. 

. . . Jjtf, Kor., 20, 67 



rl 



01 



Ox > J 



5 " 



1 O 0\ 



JxdC JO 



Ut 



10 



^ii U 



Ox OxO 



013 






15 l 



.-5 OjJ,.>3 ' tjjj 

^s x x 



1. 



15. al. . 
T. A. IV. 



x x 

ij ^>-o, a hemistich of the poet Hutai'ah. 



, Kor., 12, 51. 
I 



2. Address of 'abu Bahr Safwan ibn 'Idris to the 'amir 
'abdu '1 rahman ibn Yusuf ibn 'abdi '1 Mu'min ibn 'all. 

AJU1 ij ^5^ 



OUU 



v> 



^J iV Oy 

x x Tr x 



'* 10 



OP Ot i J Ot ) ** tit 1 t 6 * 





UJU ijJ ^ U*fjJu LijUl J^-Jb A) AJJI li 15 



6. I/~AJ O-*' "precious as thou art." ^^ is used to 
denote specification. See more examples in Wright, n. 138s. 

11. o^> *>> J^' Kor., 23, 55. 



15. ,J*4.JU A) AXJI ^., "brings to a good issue for 



him." 



13 u 



10 



5 JJI 



1J\ 



i 



Ox * OH 



l-o (^-^ >>-iJ' J.^O.-A-.J 
' jUJt lUtjj ' jUt ^4 Lj ^XJ I j aJ 



Ox I Ox 

6. Lau, for Uu. 



9. ^)l ^Zd, "a man who will not make his adversaries 
pay the forfeit when his game is won." 



10. 



, "curse thee!" 



i n 

JxJLj Uj 

6 < 

i jju^i , 131 JLLji 



131 4-j 

t ' ' 

x x o a a 



J-L3 



X 5 J J Ox xOx XXOX O^X 

l-o c ji^Jt ^X- aJ ^ 



15 



1. *J~5I>> .5* j^^- Moslems believe that when a man 

x Vr 

dies, the soul rises into his throat through the S$3p and 
escapes from his body. 

6. .U! ^ UoJ "with a common (small) or a special 
(great) gift." 

12. U> b J,^U b. 



:1 ^JL. 



^ O' L5-J1 

J 6 * 



i J J j 



10 



J 



15 



3. ^b .l - db ^-wt .l^>, " methinks, I see thee/ 
6. iydl, u the wood of the coffin." 



,, for ^~, oO- 
11. ijl Jla.,> LoJ, i.e., repentance and good works. 



X X J X 



9 *x J 



Ul 



J x x x x 



U 



0-9 J 



4>fe o- J^JU U3 



OP 



^Jl ,>^ c^-Ji 



.^ . U 1 1 



1 o\i 




jtj-Jl ^X-. j_ o'j 



p. ^Oji ^ 



OJ xO 



U 






10 



15 



10. ji-*9t ^>, "of the yellow coin." 

X X 

16. JI ^Uxi.N) J5j, i.e., "if thou hadst been blessed with 

Divine favour, thou wouldst not have been led astray by 
looking at forbidden things." 



I rr 

x lO JO 

^ ) \ -V *jfj ' A 

X X- X 



xO i xO Ox Oc 00 CxxOX 

v*tf^> ^j ' o^ 1 -^ >^-^ ' ^j-^ 1 c^ln^ >^-r 



' J,UJI .v ipWI .Jt ' 



' JU> OJI ^ 0*> ^ ' JW 

xOxx x 

,> ^fr^Xo^ jt '^oUjj ^UaJ' O-* 










U.I b > 1 iJI ^J J Lif 

vLui 

15 J-JJjt JjjLi? Lol 44-*J ! ^ 6W Uf 



j " long have ye sorrowed." 

4. ^=*~o 'sjj, "but not as (i.e., more than) ye laugh." 

6. jujuu, "enumeration (of the virtues of the dead 
man)." 

13. ^.Jt ^ bl. The metrical scheme of this poem, con- 
sisting of three varying internal rhymes followed by an 
unvarying end- rhyme, is known as 



trr 



VII. SPECIMENS OF RHYMED PROSE. 

1. The eleventh Maqamati of al Hariri. 



jLJUt . o- 








Ox 

t 

' 







10 



^ ^ ' vLP o ^> 

Jj>J Qj>> w 7 ll sjj ' ^IjuL^I Jjt>J- 



J . 



I 15 



3. SjU. A town situated between Hamadhan (Ecbatana) 
and the modern Tihran (Teheran). 

9. ^jLo\*)\ . . . jloJ. Kor., 37, 59. 



i r i 



u 

J J 0* JO 

UJt^ 

c. Ch. XVIII. v. 2830; ch. XXII. v. 20-23. 

di 

6 

o *N) Ut x'^-fc H^^t I ^JL^wC e t fl.n.-ftt 'o^jjt i*j| " IAA^WC 

s * s ** s ^ 

I < , , ot * , , *t 

oZ s j i sO(.o* j o , o 
f 

I'tlJUb * * * * 



10 W 



U AJ 



I p 



JOO x I J 



o. Of the Day of Judgment, of Paradise, and of Hell. 
a. Chapter LXXXI. v. 114. 

Jx Ox> x x Oxx ^0-9 J t 2t 10 xx Ox^J J2>x 

JUJI lilj ' 0;jJ^t ^>^JI IJIj 0,3^ 

X X 

iLuT 



1313 ckc 



x jx*xx x x x x x 

* CJUjI A^Jt telj ' OjJU- >a-aJt 151 ^ 10 



6. Ch. II. v. 23; ch. IV. v. 123; ch. L. v. 3033. 



X 

- to 



JC x 



} , !> xOj 



* * * * / ( o^jl l k 15 



Ill 

Oj xxCx xx 6 Oxx J x # x , J 03 






uj c 



Oi, JO ** x Jxx0 

U ,U 



5 






-E x * x Oxx J J^ x I OX* xO 

^JJkl U ****** ^ 



x^ 

UUUt 






10 ** ^o < 3J 

CJxxOj 5 xOI JJI*tfx5 OJx 

1 AJl^-e- ' J^-'j AJ' AAJ' UJ' 



J5 ' J0< J X ^ X > XX Jj #XXjx PJ X OX> X Cx 

' 



U 

J X OX> 

i o 

4. Of Muhammad ; ch. LXL v. 69. 



15 

" ' 



12. !i)U^j AAJb ^A^J. Here ^** is impersonal. 
Wright, ii. 161 D. 

13. O^jijr ACSUjf, the Cherubim. 



I IA 

102 . xx w Jx x f 



C-J13 " U-J1 

" x 6 

1 b ; 



0^ A ^ xx i ^ wt Oxx xx Ax xO/ 

<uM OjliU * LJu ,lJU OJI^> U^ ^ 1^1 
1 J13 4i j^T ^ o^> v>* vU^ 5 



Sxx 5x J 0J x I i 

U- O^c^ U 



10 



6. Chapter IV. v. 154157 ; 169, 170. 

-X OX J dx ,. JlX> X^ OJX OJXX 0X 



) UU Uj^ 5 . j 13 

>_. XX ? X X 



10. jJ^ ^>o, "any son." Wright, 11. 135 D. 

X 

14. 



o o j 

15. oiXfr, "covered (from hearing and accepting the 
truth)." 



10 



I !v 

2. Of God. 
Chapter CXII. 



It 10 



3. Of Jesus the Christ. 
a. Chapter XIX. v. 1638. 



s ) s S' s Q s i'i * 



l5x> JJfr 



J5 



cJu < iLLjT f Ji 

Zl 6* f JOJx xl 



15 ^ S ^ 

uix x 0X3 



16. lx5LJ, from Ix3L;1 = ix5ll5. Wright, I. 64 D. 



/ .lit, 

i n 

5 i 



VI. EXTRACTS FROM THE KOR'AN. 

1. Of the Kor'an and other Scriptures; ch. II. v. 1 6. 



x J OJ J x6xx 



" 0**** 



1. U^-JI appears to stand for some proper name : possibly 



2. j% 

4. jj\ . Several chapters of the Koran are introduced by 
similar combinations of letters. If they ever had any meaning, 
it has not been preserved. 



I 1C 






o-) 



O ^ X ( 



******* 



10 J 



J15 ^^ 

J X flg OJJI IX MIX 7j 



1. Jl* O-* ^ W*> " what an ablution!" Wright, 
ii. 152 A 153 c. 

11. JhJ>kJt *$, "acted as a highwayman or brigand." 



13. *JI vovvJI- The text of these verses seems to be 

corrupt, and the rhyme shows that the first belongs to a 
different poem from the others. 

H2 



J?x> 9 x x 

>3 '3' ^^^5 ' jJl)l ,-5 obj 

it x J Ofr x ^ I xOx x 



J 3 I) -a 

j^\ C, 






J5UUI 



BJ - ' nt ia t 



1 J15 JI3 U 



J15 O-.D* * 31 *^ c J15 

J15 ' 



JOiJI L5 i-*-iJ OJ3 U3 

^^ ^! L^ 1 ^ L^*'^^ ^ U -5 15 



1. J..., Kor., 9, 37. 



) j I Oto f Si * * 

5. j}**$\ C^i.nij til, i.e., on the Day of Judgment. 



12. j*+3 .**> O^-* ^J^ 6 "' Christianity was professed by 
several Arabian clans in Pre-islamic times. 



I i 






5 L, 

XX X 

j tyts 1^5 



15 



(J-lflt C 

J^ijT ^ j-jjjf ^ a^ j N) 

X xx 

10 



1. jU^J< O>*><3- ^^ s ceremony takes place in the 

x 

valley of Mina. 

. o, I , D. 

11. -o, for L~o. 



T. A. IV. H 



i ! r 



j!L> ^ Jji G ^ Jut Ju^ ju 



JL5 ' *** 

00 



jAj J15 



j! J13 

H) 10 



J15 



15 



8. >6^a^-c^ J^*-o ^, i.e., ''of foes and friends." See 
Zuhair's Mu'allaqdh, verse 8, with the commentary, in 
Sir Charles Lyall's edition. 
11. Jl!l for 



13. owl^Jt, the holy pi aces visited by the pilgrims at Mecca. 



I 



15. J^J, a hill at 'arafat. 



10 






x 

U-Uo 



****** * 






xxOP 



lit 



15 



JIS 



e> x Of. o x j 

Oj~ jl AJI s^JU*- tij 

xoj of ?oj 5 ?xx 



12. U.Uo l^oJtil, " good morning !" 



1 1 



Of. Ota * 0*0 u 

SU^JI U.I o' 

^ 6 

J ' OJ OxxO JxOJ O 



131 



IJJL, A 



3 xx OP ui . x 

!* O&At Ut jotw U 

x fe 

JJOx fr i x J Ox 















131 



x<x Jx x 

Uil J.J 131 l^l^jt ^OlJU 10 



oe- 



jp 







3. JUbl Ul. Wright, ii. 43 AB. 



ix> x Of. 



10 



xl-XX 

Oljco 



f. 



SLoiJb 



i 






^ 

4JLJ! 



J^AJ OJt dj-,i. 131 

^ *' 

(* 



WC * 



L>*' > *^ e opening words of Zuhair's Mu'allaqafr. 



! .A 

J-? e. ji J o * Oi 



J ' a t 3d, 0/0 9 



9 v x x x* x J O J 

Jufr ^03' 4>^^ J J^UJb O-*>! 



*9 J15 4U O- cH v-* 1 C^ 1 10 

~ > ~ j ot , Of. v of. 



1. V*iwl. The negative is sometimes omitted in oaths. 
Wright, ii. 305 A. 

xOxl J 0,1 

8. ^1, for 



J Ju. 



. 13 



' JiijT jjyjf 



u ^ 

x 

X ^ 

oixx jog j I 5 x j 

xOx x5x JxOxOx :S x vi to J S s 



xxOX5 ^OJx X 4 OS- 6 xO/tf X ul X J 



10. Aa> ...o.') ly*cl jj.^, " what excellent advice !" 

OiO x x 

13. iJliJI ^J^ O-> ie., from afar. 



I * 1 

JOx 5 x3 x x x 1 xOxx i 



a 



5 



JU3 



u tit ^u^JTj^ Lst ^ 



02 JxO 



^ J15 

uLt ji5 3 u^ oiyu ^i> u 10 






1. ^yL^M Otjjl, like AAI ^ (1- *> *V^*)i is " the 
religion of the Hanifs," which Moslems generally identify 
with the religion of Abraham. Sec L//A., 149. 

3. .Jl l>iJUb, "come here to me ! " Wright, i. 29G B. 

^ xOfc i x* 

11. J^l, for 



5 J J 61 xOx O 



JOJ 



i L, 

10 



IJufc 

J15 



15 UU 



2. >ov .Jl.o. The Abyssinians were Christians. 

3. U j13, "some matter of importance." Wright, n. 
276 B. 

6. A\ JiZ^., "a natural death." 



* 5 



yJI A 



10 



WJxAx Ox I W xxx Of * 

UjJI tjl^J ^jl Afcjj'S) Jld j^JI 15 

J15 



i 



1. v J-j*Jl ^jUfc-^l (Kor., 105, 1) refers tx> the Abyssinians 

under 'abrahah whose attack on the Ka'bah is said to have 
been miraculously repulsed. />///!., 66 69. 

2. J^U...J^, Kor., 105, 3. 

x x'o J 

13. ^ojJJLJI, the space between the door of the Ka'bah and 

x 

the corner in which the Black Stone is situated. 



i .r 

J x x x5 x x x x x x Ox 



uM 

J Ox OfOx x Jx x w*9 x Ox 



o-J I3J 
Uj A^JUf ^JU ys ^Lji, ^ ^JU 






M 

OljL-Jt 



10 O-* A^JI / c AXJI Ol 






Of- ' 



15 

<*J J^3 Jo^oJ' w '^i J^-' w^kjl Jut 



^' " so we h ave no concern with 
Sa'd." Wright, 11. 132 B.C. 

6. A^taJI, a semi-Christian sect who are mentioned in 

** x 

the Koran. 

16. i^l^Jt, the valley of Mecca. 



I r 



UJI Jbl 



10 



aot 



^ 15 



JUL 



2. U l, Kor., 64, 6. 

3. JUU...iyi5J, Kor., 6, 8. 



us! 



,; 



^ J I x xO^ xOx^ J i 



tjll? w~CUJU AlUj i'j^ 

10 j>-pi ^u ij^j a 

Cbi aLi uij ' jio *N) 3 ^^ ^ i*u ^ ju* 



- ! Kor -' 37 > 1617. 

4. Adlj^. , for 43t^i.. Khurafah is said to be the name of 
a man who related incredible tales of his adventures with the 
genii. 

o > Ox oe. 

5. v ^3j-^ JI C-wo Jjbt, the idolaters of Mecca whom the 
Prophet defeated at Badr. 

6. J\ i^^fJL)! ^>o, referring to the hospitality shown 
by the slain. 

13. ^j . . . kli Uj, Kor., 17, 96. 



^o J13 



JJ JU3 jy$l J&JU tyjjfcl 31 






lyJ 



)J 

Cjj ^liltf Jij j^jjT ij u iyiij 10 



J15 

J Ixx J i i 

^1 

fc fe 

J I Ox * Ox x Ox +* 

l ^I^ttJI o^^* LJ"^ *;>-* 

Ox J0xji tx Ox Ox JO 

15 



1. ^j...^^, Kor., 36, 78. 

2. SJli... JJ, Kor., 36, 79. ' 

3. juj^. . . . Uiif, Kor., 50, 14. 



10. Ij^ . . . lyii, Kor., 25, 8-9. 

12. JI^T 5 . . . UJLJf UJ, Kor., 25, 22. 



SLit 



i Jujt .,3 



5 UJ jbjJt 







o.Ll) U 



s rt- Z JO 



i t 



x 

J>JoJl 



15 U 



3. IgaJ^...^!^, Kor., 45, 23. 

5. o>^ &C! V3 Kor -' 45 > 23 - 

8. ^j^Tj . . .^JJf , Kor., 7, 183184. 

10. ilfi..:J$, Kor., 7, 184. 

Ox Ox J 

O--o>{... J5, Kor., 41, 8. 

11. ^OJU.. . . 1*1 b, Kor., 2, 19. 

G2 



2 x J W x 



-L* JUjUJI 

_-X-. >OjJuJ AJ 13 1 1. 
6 

f s J J * * * 3 xx 

UXLuc Jd^iJt 9*-j >*< 



iif' J X X X 40 

^ SJI^ i^JLJI ^J '31 



* 

o 



oi* 



J J xrtfxj ?wxxj 

I 



fe U.> 



i 1 



10 



15 



V. Extracts from the AT^rt^M 7 Milal wa'l Ni/ial, or Book of 
Sects and Schools, of al Shahrastanl, relating to the 
religions opinions of the pre-islamic times. 



cy 



Uj ^3 



JAJ 






Ob 






vs**- 



20 



T. A. IV. 



J x Ox JO X> 



. 

^Ul 0, ^ 

J 

TxOxOjgx 



f ^ 



j f ^ Ox 









U Oi J^i ^d i-ixlJ llo 



Ix J Ox< j 

* 



J x 



10 

i J x 

JtJ3 



i OJI 



1. ^J! ^Uy o^* Nabighah, ed. by Derenbourg, p. 90. 

^rt^jld ^jl, "name of honour" of Nu'man ibn Mundhir, 
the king of al Hiran. See LHA., 45. 

xO -a 2 x { 

2. ^yJftlt --' The regular construction would be 



. Here ^yJaJt is put in the accusative as repre- 
senting the object of v-J. 
8. ^131 U, 407. 



i 11 Of J * Of- 6 x *> 



O 



U lit 

jx 



3] ioV5] 

J ^ X J H*Xj X JxOxOj X Of- OxWx X CXI^X 

] 



A Itiui u 131 



' 

5 Ox 5 J SO 05 






u t^jc o^ .jus 

c 



02 x x 

3. ^p-MA-Slt sJ^jA^, "to the particle of respite," i.e., ^ or 



It" 



juu jj^t 



, o x x Ox 



* 



x 

Jyu 



j JJL5 



^x 

j JJU. 



10 



15 



-> 



Ox Ox 



4. jjJUt AJU is said to be the night on which the Kor&n 
was h'rst revealed. See Kor., 97, 1. 



ir 



" s tie j 






5 , 

J x r ' # X ixJJuJf^J Jul ? 



P . X ?u( 



,', J^xA)! xb juj .V 

x x y, o? oj 

10 * ,j-jA)U^ jt Uv-JLXj * 



J6x 



15 ^d U 

Jit 



Oj 

x0.2x>xxxC> ' J x x 6x 

^' SLaJI 



14. ^...AV^ . . .>X-^t o< Kor., 17, 7. 

X x- 6 

18. ^...0^ O^o, Kor., 11, 18. 



X ft ^ 

Loj AJ Jjte.; I c 



X X X J 



JWX. 



U5U 



j 



^ x ic J 



djO 6> ,JJ >1JU A5 

XX XX 

(Jsu-Jt O-*) ***&> 



10 



- Jjtx j < Ox 

Lot 



^ x Of 



Ix 



Oot U oU U3t 



uuJ if jfi 



01 



ill uu 



is 



1. ^...JHO. Kor., 4, 122. 

U^, Kor., 2, 193. 
, Kor., 7, 129. 



4. .>.!.! fr. . . U U, Kor., 17, 110. 



2. From the 'alfiyydk of Ibn Malik, with the commentary 
of Ibn 'aqil. 



* 

x OP x w ^ - * Ox 0x0 O 



GO x 



juj >a *J 1 ^ iitjJI ^JJI ykj tju^l 



alijji s) 3 iC ulu ^^ 



10 

U ^5llj ' JUJL. 



jOJOxJ 



2. lfc, 438 (ii). 

7. . . . ^Ai-'j , Kor., 43, 77. 

8. Uxi . . . o>^J N), Kor., 9, 40. 
UJ^.^ . . . Ujj, Kor., 2, 286. 

12. iiT. . . IjjJj o> Kor., 2, 284. 





Oj 



x 



jif 0,00-0 



J 



(JL.IOI 



02 J *Jx x x 

<JI 



JJb ^-JL.:...^ ^JU JIS til ^o 

Jbi u 



JbT 






A. ajjx ^i 



,< 

* 



t oil 



/< '3 



10 



i - 
13. jjJI AJUt i<1 .Jj. The three forms referred to are 

T!T 6 ^r 



(1) Jbr^l, (2) t, (3) jM. 



A1 



ui 



> 



5 /, 



c. Of the hurftf al tasdlq wa'l ijab or particles of 
affirmation and assertion. 



i uu 



J15 tit 



t^t JU^j lju 

l AJj jte\ JL5 tit ^1^5* v- 
10 UJ v 1 *^! ^3 ' Sj-^ 1 ^ ^ 

J 15 v 



15 



Jclt 



12. O-jji ^Jb, Kor., 75, 4. The words ly.- (t refer 

J<x xxOx Ox 0^ J ^0 Ox> j x x 

to the preceding verse : xUx *,&.) ,jJ jjt jjl^J'Njt ^^a^jt. 

J xO J Ox 

15. ^^ftl j3j. jJ followed by an imperfect = " some- 
times." Wright, i. 286 c. 



Jyu iilj JI3 Jyb 



. Of the huruf al taiiblh or particles that call attention. 
Jill 1*3 JXkU l^jj ot U Jyu U|3 ^ U 



Oj 



f 90 2 

ott j3 l-Lo C-OIAJ X> J oj 5jJ^ U ^! U 



s * OiO 



LJ IVj U lyJ tj 

juJL sju Jj .juUiT LJ N)I (ji>wi o-) J^j 10 



i/JJIj 



Ul 



J U >i 



U Uj 6jJb IJuL 



3. o^- > Kor - 7 > 21 and 20 



7. .^M U >J U. Nabighah, ed. by Derenbourg, p. 75 
the last verse of the poem. U, feminine of li, as is also 
(p. 89, 1. 1). 



AV 

5 3 



15 



J\ Jjdu 

JxJt 



10 ^ ^ a.ji a^uu 



00 JxOxOJ s s Of. 



9. Ubljj .... ^jL] 131, Kor., 24, 40. 

& 



11. 5x>jJ! ^i J|>^- ^^ u '1 Rummah was a poet of the 
'umaiyad period. 



Al 



0)1 JIS Ao 



Jjub o 



13 O* 

M 



rf 



4i^7 L^-^ 10 



4. *JI j^j-lfr^, Kor., 2, 213. 

7. J-o^Jt \t"> "i n the original construction." 



i, "it may be that the little cave (is 
attended with) calamities." See Freytag, Arabum Proverbia, 

ii, 94. According to others jJ^it is the name of a well. 



.50 



La.;! 



ju^ 



IV. GRAMMATICAL EXTRACTS. 

1. From the Mufassal of al Zamakhshari. 

. Of the class of Verbs called AjjlOl JUs! or verbs of 
approximation. 

JUil JAA)! ^U^l 0-03 



X xx Oxx f. j; x fr x x 

10 LJ 



iJJI J13 






1. Jlx)! w^-lo - a^tJt JliJt >-l-^, "the 
director of business connected with taxation." 
13. Jt ilff L5 -li3, Kor., 5, 57. 



v >0 

0*0 






A,3U .Jk Ul^w .Jt 

Tr x ^^ 









Jf J J Cx J J i 

U U 






10 



Oil * 



Jt 15 






12. 

16. 



0* . 



, "the minister of finance." 









IxO 



;^ IvJU J-l^LJ W 1 O-* 



5 i ji)| 1^1 jl5 Jl jljjl Jit UlLc! 



jtjJt 






6 j! s 

W 



10 p -^W 1 !3I 3 Ivl lj, 






^ StJI J5u ^J ,^^ Spbt >ftJ UjJt 



x Ox 

7. ^Jt .*ijJ^j "and it continues to be a debt owed by 

w 
her to the others (her new masters)." 

f Hi ' J J 

9. L-J1 Sjbco ^^^j, "and the complaisance of the 

XX X 

women." 

SJt, i.e., the presence of witnesses. 

"the dowry suitable to her (the woman's) 



J 

^ < 

x 

condition." 



12. 4xi*Jt -bu, a temporary marriage regarded as legal 
by the Shi'ites. 

F2 



. xJ 



j J 



Jilt 



- JLAJJ 



Slj.^1 ^^ .J 

Vr 



10 



j t x JxO 



j 






20 



A| 






ju 



x Ol 



V# JUJI 



uli l 



J 



X J X X . 



Ofr Wjt 



19. 

T. A. IV. 



A 



9j>, i.e., instead of ballast. 
F 



A* 



>v*^ >^5 131 



i a ' v oe. j o 



r .'.'.ft .* 



Uj.1^ 

j^Jui j^. aJ^i^ J^Iai ^u* Ji 5 

CH> 



J * x J J J * JxOx 1 is 310 , 

131 o^p3 ^J-^-J^ ^ ^L5 Ujtju J>J ^31 Sl^Jb 10 



' "' 



U v> v^lj^Jt J^ljj * c ^ OU.U.J 



20 



Jj 






51)1 OJUb OJJ <" 



5 



y 






^3 Aj 






AJ JJ' 



15 



Hi 









ul x J :' * a j 



Jo jj 



*=> 



1. ^,530. 



VA 



AJUaJ Jif 

#i xx Ox 



ayuui 



li AJliJl 



10 



UJt 



15 



O-* 



jlx 



S x 0x0 



1 6. oi , " the nuptial chamber." 



vv 



J 



Lob V-tfxaJj tj-~> Iv-**^ !/* 




x 



* 



20 



UL-aJl 



vl 






10 



I o j x o j 



90 Ox * J 



i Jfc 



J*wWi 

> * o x A 



8. /*iJI. As the definite article is required by the con- 
struction, I have adopted Prof. Fleischer's emendation .Jjl 
instead of iJ^t (said to be a species of millet). .J is the 
Persian word for "reed." 



V> 

9t J x 



L|J 



T 



15 



Ualt 



0-* 



J * 0. 



J J J 



t 



!*. ..Aj 



Jtjjl 



2. 

10. 



, "and less than a hundred." 

x 

, "pronounced as jo." 



9 x J 9 x 9 



u 

j JJCLJ aj Joft J 



JJN)t 



,,,-JI 31 v <** 



10 



I'lJW* JWJ' *$} 
6. Ibn Batutaft's account of the Maldive Islands. 






i^ juui lAjL^-b *^-! CU^>^ J^J) <U>3 15 



11. sy^^*" , probably Habib ibn 'aus ('abu Tammam), the 
compiler of the Hamdsdh, who died about 845 A.D. 



vr 



5 

J X Hi Ox 



10 O-i*M ojJb glo AAJt iujf 



15 



) ) Is 



^ UJI SJ AAJt 



xj uut 

OOC 



13. ^>fr Ltt, 4< much less." Wright, 11. 141 D. 
16. ^xiil JeUxi. See Prof. Browne's Literary History of 
Persia, n. 175. 



vr 

4JLM ^lyi. g 



JLM 






o 2 o 



x W 



Up.ii.rJ) Jjil^ 



0\ 



10 



15 



.OJI 



19. oli dLL.) oJt^JI. Shdhinshdh is a Persian word 



meaning "king of kings." 



10 



v| 



!Ju 



JjJ 



i^xi 



' A) |! 3 ^ 
15 1 Jjl ^u AlI^I Ov Jbl CH^ j^-otljt Ju^J 



P * 

| A-UU 



Jbu osa 



1. *JI od.. ...>....) yk Uj, "with the affairs which come in 
his way or continually meet him." 

7. j.*jjl .y W*"^> "a wonder of the world." 

17. aJJlj jJ^lil, eighteenth 'abbasid Caliph (908 
932 A.D.). 



V 

J 



p JUU lAli^j Ad^aJI 



ajuui oij^i W^ o^^ ^ o>^->^ 10 



t 



il allxJU j^ U Js yk^ iAJLljU UJJI jjl 



17. 4J ^J^j, "and a blessing is invoked on him (in the 
public prayers)." 



o o- 



5 O 



10 ' 



a~JU 



JuL. J.JU! 



ji jOit 



20115 



rtt a.^.lt ^JUU ..Jj U I. II 

" 



1A 



ub 



ft^w 



10 






JJ*> l\ 



ojUJl ^J 



15 



15. 



1v 



5 1-5 



lxiL JO^OP * Oi- 

)t AJUt jAiJLwl " l 

O' 



oUU 



c>* 



Jj 



15 A^U 



1. ox. Cf. Kor. 7, 83. 

8. jjl ^e/fi>- *^, " there is no avoiding that . . .," "assuredly." 







to God." 



15. j^3 t>/ JLa-o, "a, meeting-place where praise is offered 

E2 



l^JUl 



of. - 



^ AJUI Jo-ou Ot St 

0-* 

Q* ~ 9 J 



ipi 



* ui 






O- 



j 10 






15 



9. Jbt Oli .y , " for God's sake." 

X X TS 

11. U>J5 ^JkJJl^, "with clipped gold." 

12. t^J A!) o-~alJ, "lends a good loan to God." Cf. 
Kor., 2, 246.' 

15. iJI jjyi, referring to ^AAlxijU JJj, Kor. 83, 1. 




11. .Jt 
T. A. IV. 



"in comparison with." 



Ob 






alii uii 



0x90 



uLjt .Jl j! v 

**^ 



10 



10. JjUbJt ^1^, a gate in the eastern quarter oi Baghdad. 



ir 



5 JU t\^ 



15 C. 



,5*3 

^T 



9. -^> ! J> "the Hall of the Chosroes." 



10. <xl>!jt, "its Mada'in (Ctesiphon)," the capital of the 
Sasanian kings of Persia. 



ir 




dJJk 



O-* 



6. 



, 489. 

" and affability." 



jj ajt a 

r xx 

OwxxJOOx x w x J Ox 



^UJI 



Jlili alaJt A^J^O ^>>A 4jb 

** 



f- : 6f- 

ju*.Uo)tj, 



U 

J J x < 



10 t rJ 



15 Uj 

AA-JLaiJ! ^>o 

X 

Ul^ 3! Aj 



> 

J J x J OxO 



t>o^=>tjj 



14. J^Jj ^1. Wright, ii. 339 B. 



ju t* u ji a~~flt 

x x r 

****** .7 






^ JV5 

" 



I 

o- 

- joi 



Vjf 



*i J 



uUI S^bjj U^jjl y JUJ^ Jy^JI ^ JU 5 



J! 10 

j x JxOJ JO- 4 Ox x O 



5. Ibn Jubair's departure from al Hillah and his arrival at 
Baghdad, with his description of the latter city. 



15 



t>JI Ix .JLt j 

*^ 



14. ju AJ>3, "but it is a matter for consideration," 
i.e., doubtful. 



x ^ 



J15 0^ 



JU3 

10 is 






13. Ajjj)' J>*l> " tlie frontiers of al Jaziraft (Meso- 
potamia)." 



9^-0 



J 15 



5 






10 



J J J 



L5 1 ' 



20 



Of J 



10 



15 3^M1 C 



J15 



.Jilt 



i I- 



,1 jis 



Ox 2 Ox 

5. A^JU Ijto^^j " a particular place." Wright, n. 281 D. 



, x 

13. J> I5jj I ^.a^, ( < the Mediterranean Sea. " 



01 



J15 O'J 
J13 



J3 



1 J 



w x c 



; J15 



yi 



ju a.: : . 



4-J -JU JL.. 

X ^^ X 



20 



66 



5 



j JU 3 * 



10 



L, ^JLJI si^ 



- (V 

* Tr 






p u 



15 



20 



* 

Oly.jtj^t .^1 iLj 



pl 



J15 



^UJt V^-J J15 



0- 431 

J15 u- 



J 



iii)t 



Ot 



^UJI ^ ^^3 ' if 
J i>d > C 1 20 



10 



Tpi 



x 

15 J~s> O 



J J 



u <su 



Ux5 



xx xx 

J3U-03 3^ UU-j X 



UU. 



9. ^ijLoJt. See Prof. Browne's Literary History of 
Persia, i. 302306. 



* ' * 






jclj^ >-iui J^ >ui 



10 



5. 



the manuscript of the Koran which 



the Caliph 'uthinan was reading when he was murdered. 
11. iJUuJ/sM S^i Sv 7,/A4., 271 275. 



o I 



iuu 



5 



JLUJI 



10 



15 



0*3 



p .-3 

x ^ 



5 X 






Of- 



J c ! 3 J 

^ 1 J 15 03^3 



01 



J J 






3*3 



20 



D2 



J J v * J * 9 0' J 



1;)! 



! L5 3 o^j uu 

^ < ? * 






iXJt 



10 



JIl A^ ikbj 

\^, 







u 431 



15 



JLJI 



18. 



SjU^Jl, Kor. 11, 84; 51, 33-34. 






ju j^ 

j ^ 3 ^ 

xx ^r x 



15 o J 



J 15 ' ^ 

oi Lj 



10 ^ JU^J! j 0- 

cxo Jl 



jj ^^i *y* 0-3 ' *&'> **** 



1. lyX .y, "by the same breadth." Wright, n. 156 B. 

12. ~Jl\ jkyx)t^, "and the known case (i.e., what actually 

happened) is against him (i.e., contrary to his intention) in 
that matter." 

13. ^UUt, a work by 'izz al din ibn al 'athir. 
T. A. IV. D 



JU , 



ej x' 






-5 



ix0x ij xirfxx JOxJ Jit J0 



l^Jb ^JU^I i4i iUJJI L5 JsuUt lylijju^ ^ll 







lit 



A.JI 



1 A-JI 



L> 



.w 

T 









10 



JUJI 



J J r* Ot- Juixj 

toX**AJ4 j!^'^)t 

j jo J 

IF*** * *v1 

k x'"xx j; #x j; 

^ JO >->JOx J2xxx 

JU ' * 



15. jj$. De Goeje proposed to read 



X ft X 

-i 



Jjl <Jl 



4. Part of 'abu 'I Fida's description of Syria. 



U3U 1 oJI U5 10 



ujut 

' 5 a 

15 



j^ Jljjt iy*. CH> 



JLoJI 



Hi 

AJIM 






10 ' 



c. Places called al Rahbafr. 



wi I xO JJ 

ji tjuk JJU 



ju,, 



JOwJxx 






5 wl x x Ox J J 



f 3 3 



kiUJI J15 

io5 

15 O- L^ 



xJ Ox J i 

> Ajj3 A^jJI^ 

x o 



OxJ j 



JI 



*- 



Ox J ' ' * J 



u ,-3 ^xJt jt 

t * TT xx x 






JJLlt 131 l^>ji ji; ^yi ' ^JJ oii a^ilcl^ij 15 



, referring to Y&qiit's geographical dictionary 

J J - > 

entitled ^IjcXJt ^^ wo. 

4 - ^^' >^- ^^ Huart's History of Arabic Literature, 
pp. 229, 169, 206. 



b. Places called al Jazlrafi. 



-CO Ox * 



Jx 01 t 



x x J 






A^Jt 



luli 



it 



10 



jOx Ox C. J ^ ij 

,*JJ ^t w ij 

Ox w jx.^ 5j 



xx 

VL5 



cJUJI ' 



OC. ^ 6 s 



Sj-Jji a. J! 



15 5 >!> 

x x 5 



J Ox X X J J 






xVJOx jOx 



x ijx 



xx - 
AJULflJ! 



3. Extracts from Y&qlit's Lexicon of Geographical 
Homonyms, generally known as the Mushtarik. 

a. Places called 'atrabulus or Tripolis. 

j0x Ox Ox 



5 LU^ Jjui>1 ^lii JLoi jii o- J^ W 10 

TT xx x 

J 90xxOx J ^ xiriO Of 

j*.! -V ASS*^! u*$ 

xx TT x x 



UJU 



(k..,..Jt o^) AloUJI j^>Ju JUb IJuL 



15 



7. wJI i5 ^J, " which the polishers had scarcely left," 
i.e., the swords were fresh from the hands of the polishers. 






JUb ^ ^ JU 



10 



> J.5L3 



15 



xx Of J 



* x x Ox 



JIS UU 



20 






U jll , 

* Tr 

OxJ jOx x J jOxJ x 0xJ 



lit j o^ Ot^ ^A> 013 Lal ^A^ 5 



J15 >U 

10 



i * J ju 



xOx JxO' O 



6. The article 



1. *JI ^cLLJI *^u, "of these (three) places the poet uses 
in the poem that one (viz., jl>4) by which it (the poem) is 



made correct (in respect of metre). 



y U j\j 

*; 

i 

_ 

J5U 



J i u 10 









JU 



AJUt 



tjb 



- J j 



: 

JUd tjlj 






> U 



t^U 



xJ JO 



- 



JULJ cAli UJ itj o 



JUu j 

" " 2 

v>jJJI jjljl ^j^ lili iJLi V JUL 

d jJL ^> Jljj! 

xx 

1 5 



JlJLj ^->jux> iJUJI ^ 

Sjh\ yjjj^i >5 jit 



2o\ j l^ ^ 1 J5L5 * jU. 10 



jJJt j^Jj J^ ^1 l^^ ' jiljl AJ JUb 



2. Extracts from the Geographical Dictionary of 'abd 
'ubaid al Bakrl, entitled the Mu'jam ma 'sta'jam. 

a. The article 



I 
1 J J t 



15 



14. 15-^) iJ**- Ghani is the name of a tribe. 

TT 

Z 



rv 



JUb ju 

JULj loju> tLt 



d jb C 



5 A 



xOfS 



o- 



1 jJJt J 4jljJ! 



Ot3 



JUu 



4. j>aiJI j**4- Both the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea 
are so called. 

9. jot ^>. LHA., xix. 
f 

10. jwlil 013, "in the direction of the left hand." 
Wright, n. Ill B.C. 



n 



JUu C 



Ji JO J 



jLP v> 



ju, 



JS !S 



JUb Lj 



10 



15 



6. j-o-o ^j-, "consisting of Northern Arabs." LHA., 
xix. 

8. V >^J, " Southern Arabs." 
10. 



o->t J15 



<UJ1 






III. EXTKACTS FROM GEOGRAPHERS 
AND TRAVELLERS. 

1. Description of Spain from the Kitabu '1 Buldan of 
al Ya'qftbi. 




7. lJI. 494. 

c2 



ijx 



5 



0x0 xx 0x0 Cx x OxOxOx .OxO 

til 



^U. 10 

xOx xx x JO^x Ox Ox JOxx HiEOx" 



x 



x 

- ^>jl j-J Ij 



..5 

Vr 

x xO jOCx 

a5t>Ut ^5 ^^ Ool;3 15 

OOxOxx x 



10. v-i * (literally, "the brightness of my face"), 
" my honour." 

xO i 

15. ifjuoJI Sjl^iJI, a cemetery at Cairo. 






0x 

O-* 



lljt d j 



x JOxOx ul 

*' 

2 



4. Life of the historian al Tabari. 



1. J^JaJb N). 456 (a). 

oZ ~ x 

8. j-^Jt gljA U, Transoxania. 



T. A. IV. 



rr 



131 j^u * 0^3 ' J- 

~ S X X 



ui 



J J J 5 X J 



Lo J15 AJl <u 



Ox x J Oi 



._>xj= 

V X 



ox ^ 



10 



Ox x*JJ J 



^ J Jj 



*- .V U i 

X r X 

^ SJ* AJ> >C>JI jU ij-a' cr->*> C 



20 



ri 

xa * 



u? 



15 



JUS ^ 
Jlj U3 A3j^f ^ JU* 



5 f X X> MJ 



^ JU3 . ^>^ Aj.^3 >jf.\ $ jUjt JUi 
10 O- ^ LT^ ^b -^ ! ^b * 

J w J W xxO/0 li J 

*}) J^AJ 



1. -iJI O^^' W*> "and when the company had seated 
themselves." 



3. Life of al Bukharl, the author of the work called 
al jdmi 1 al sahih. 



Jlj 






> 

X 



AJUt 

x 



OJ A5U ^1 l^J^^ tyt ^OjLaJI ^U 10 



-* 15 



5. JL*JI^. al Jibal is the province which the Greeks 
called Media. 

1 2. *ij . . .. For the construction see Second 



Reading-book, 83, 9 note. 



n 



x J 0X5 x xx X> 



15 



JUJ! 



1*1 






OU 



1. 
Emperor 



. The title j-cuJ (Caesar) denotes the Byzantine 



Oi Ox x 






10 



dtjJ U>jj 
^ 

(J-UJI 



* 



15 



X X X x 

2. Jli >^>, equivalent to JJU^. 



6. i^lyJt, plural of c'^ the family of al Muhallab 
ibn 'abi 'Suf rah, who died in 702-3 A.D. See Ibn Khallikan 
trans, by De Slane, HI. 508. 

14. *3* iL 1 Wright, I. 98 c. 



. 

15. jJLo^JI Olo ^>. The Byzantine Greeks are some- 

x Ot 



times 



rv 






Jxdx 



10 



*xj x x J 



15 






20 



M 

$ UJ! 



JUul 



5f U 



2. Life of 'abu '1 Faraj al 'isbahani, the author of the 
Kitdbu 7 'aghdni. 

\ 2 Ox xx 



10 






4. JI-*^^ v-' V^*^^- This work, as appears from 
its title, deals with those Arabic roots in which one letter 
takes the place of another or in which the order of the letters 
is changed. 

6. ail 1)1, variant ilL-JI, "the Bee," 



uJJfOx Ox 00 



SjU*. ^ L> *UoUI ^1 JU ' 

x I i x . . x J 



x xOxOxxl xO^OXf Ox JO OfOx> 

Uwt VJ C 



10 



15 ^j^l J. 



OxOx> x Op x 

6. C-**J1 JA!^, the members of the Prophet's family, i.e., 
the descendants of 'all ibn 'abi Talib and Fatimah. 






9. .)\ j> *, " may the plants not spring up abundantly!" 



a. 



De Slane translates ^ij^t OUj by " rivulets." 

Of J 

15. v^*^' V^^J- An 
i.e., u the Book of Garments." 



Of J 6C. 

15. v^*^' V^^J- Another reading is 



rr 



t Oxo 



,UI 



aUbl U 



J155 ' 5 A^J 



Sj-U 1 J-3j 5 



I X X X X J { JOX 

- 
? 



00 J, . J Jxx 

* 



W J13 ,0 

*x ( J J 

jXj # 



UL, 



jjf 



15 



J ^ x O 



x x xxx 



^ 

5. 3 4 



rr 



. JUd <U* c>3 \ ^H 4*3 Jt CJ15 U 

t s i t- * sf- J J 

Ut Jsuit Ol *^^l t3t 

-<'! 



5 J15 



J15 J15 



"- 

Jlyu l^^o t^Jrf ^f- JZ~t \}\9 4J*J\j ^ULXjt ^ 



10 Aijt l^0t A^O lJI JUt ^ tj^> tjdb 

, t, e. 






A.JU j^iJ J15 

xox x ae x *j - 
15 



t^^ Jli> Jjt o 1 ^ t. JU5 d j 

Cx 



5 5x -xfixxg- J* 

UU ^L^5 ^U* ^,t oj J^ 

x x C 



15. *Jt (for N) JA), "( wh y) did you not...?" 



rr 



* 






I 

wM o 



J.J 



Ul 



uUI 



LJI O- 



JU3 



JUi 

; o j o 



U JtJ 



5 



JyL 



10 



l 1 



15 



JUi 



IJUk 



^ J x t^x 

C~J JU* AW^ -LU 



9. 



n 






JUJt 



II. BIOGRAPHICAL EXTRACTS. 

1. Life of 'abdu 1 Malik al 'asma'i, the Grammarian. 

H ^XX^Jt jli. 



J-,3 UJjj U 



Ut 



15 C 



xxO Ox^x 



uut^ .jjj AJU 

Ojxx 

*^ 5 *" ' v^ 



1. .Ut jJ=>\ 1>t^, " and lo ! most of the Moslems ..." 




.i jiJ3 ^Jt asu 

- , TT xx 



uji 









^ 



15 






20 



5 



10 



CJL d^Ju 



JUJI JL-l 



18. -iil O^*^' >* O^J "although, according to the 
promise (of security) given to him, he was only to pay. . ." 

B2 



IA 




1. *iLoJfc. J^J' l^jLfci.H, u proverb (Freytag, Arabum Pro- 
verbia, i. 230), applied to one who journeys all the night or 
exerts himself to the utmost of his power. 



IV 



JiUat ^ IjJuLlj jJLjt 






Jl 



15 jjt AJ 






x w w 0>2 x P 

U Ijlj U3 l&o 0^=> CH^ CHj^' O 






13X1* o^' o* 



14. ^j)In.<t. )L>. This probably means that his face was 
slashed or marked with scars. 
T. A. iv. B 



n 



*.. 

< V, 



3 UJLfb 



5 -. . - - 

, I 



uxol 



JP 



12. <U4. Wright, ii. 138 a 



jj 



J13 



10 



15 



20 




U 

15 tf l^ut 



JUS 



f J 

O-* L^' 
j^< Uf, 



4. 



. 536a. 



J f ~ 



IjuJUj UJU 



10 



ajit c 



o-* 



Jlid <uUU 
3. Capture of 'akka, or St Jean d'Acre, by the Crusaders. 



* 15 

**- 



8. ^*j) <J>, a kind of silk produced by the mollusc 
known as pinna marina. 



ir 



OC 



X X J 

LJ? Jx.a-.oJt 



jl.l 



tjt 



dJ 



10 



(> 



x X J < 



OxxxOxJ f- 



Ox J J OxxxOxJ 

J AJ^XJ C*A~litj 



15 



20 



I r 

f . 



> u 






.x I xOxJxOx '0E*J.;'0 JOx i J 

jL~- .Jt ^XJi juu jX^xJt ^>A>t ^ jMAj^^t jA^Jt Uj^oJ 10 



x i j J 5 , 



iJLxJUl 



j 15 

J^O xx*-* 






L^JI UJ 



17. Ja.^.11 ^JI, "the (Atlantic) ocean." 



I I 



xO* 5 

2* *g 



10 l^U 4jyU._5 IvJU- AjyaJ l^JI 



o- 



1. JI 4-JtUj, " and the Ka'bah is the highest object of 
comparison." 

i X J Ox 

5. jJLoJI C*A.> Jerusalem. 



I . 

JU3 fj ij\* Jiil JlSj 






At^ AJ^I^ A^l 

U WA 



-3 JU o^' 



o- u,i;3 u dW cj oi 10 



2. The Campaign of al Mansftr (Almanzor) ibn 'abi 'amir 
in Galicia and the capture of San Jago de Compostella. 



iiCJUl 



5. iSjJb. al Haqqah was an important town in Tpper 
Mesopotamia. 

li'. jj*al^\. al Man ? fir ihn 'abi 'amir was regent ami 
virtually monarch of Spain from 976 to 1002 A.D. L//A., 412. 

14. S^jJJl ^j^l, I.'-., tlic continent of Europe. 











>s t- tit 

Jit IJLi 4* 












J Ot JJO x J 

o >l 



dj JU j $r ~ o Ji.3 



x x x 

15. jucJ ^Vs, " mayest thou not perish ] " 






>JI 






JU3 



JU^J! ^J 



^jl J15 u 



J15 



U AJ 



U 

iJ x -' 



01 



jJU. ,> 



10 



I J15 
iuil 15 



11. 
of 'ali ibn 'abi Tali 



what has become of the descendant 



*C Ul U*^o Lj J13 



v >0 
5 JU5 A 



i- 



J15 J^jJ^t c 3 .^^Ij ijki. '^^Ji Ot^ajf^ JJJ 



10 ^J^ 



ls J15 



JUi 



15 



10. jJUJt ^c.5, a palace built by the Caliph al Mansur on 
the western bank of the Tigris. 

<Ujjuo, "the City of peace," a name of Baghdad. 



Ju. 



J . x 



~, } S- 



0x 



JL. ULO li r ^.J u iii 



.. .J JJUJI ^LJ J-l^. JL> ai 

X J C. J I Ol +*l It * X * X 



o.-*3j 15 



2. 4jL^w JU. JUkj^, "and should lx* allowed to go hU 



way." 



5 A) JlSj 

h <r 

13 ^ JUJ! 

*J 

olj 
10 



*ST 



AJl *^1 XJ 



AJLjfj u 



Ju5 



JlJ^ ^ Jil j^i LL tjJL 



x 

^ A$UjJ 



15 






5xx O 



X .X 

ture again." jj'^aJJ, for 



3, "and that no one may ven- 

IS X XX 



a*Lji d jj ujt ui 






J ' f 






10 



6. i 
7. 



Wright, I. L'41 I.. 
(for IJ^), u so much." 
UI ,>. Wright, ii. 136 CM.. 
429,431. 



5 ^ 






J!,b ^ Jls^ 



J^ &3-; 



6 CxSx 

A) 



u 

J i xx x9<0 W 






x x 

JxOx ^Ox 2x 



Jit 



X J X X XXX Ul ^ OC 

10 -ja^.j >j .A> A **^ 1 ^ 1 ^ ^ 4-AftJJ Leul 



15 1^5**^ O^ >*^ ixol ^^lo. Jtj U 

^ jWj A^UJT Jtjj 

oi^ ji5 JiL.u u AJ 



11. ^Jlfr ^nW *^j "there is no fear for you," "no harm 
will befall you." Wright, u. 98 A c and 172 c. 

A 2 



r 
*j% iii 

<u j-cl UJ sio^l jJ J-oAJl <Ju*b JJl^i 

0* 90 * xx, 0/0 

AJ! OL 



c .i- i 

l U j.*.! j.> 4.JU JJJL+* JUb 



jxit 



10 



JUL AAJljl ^' C^ -r; 

15 



4. ..i.1 j} AU, "how great is my brother's merit !" The 
Arabs sometimes express admiration of a thing by attributing 
it to God. See Wright, H. 150 A c. 

xll; J4^>' U. Wright, i. 98 B 100 c. 
8. ajLl^JI ^y, "dyed garments." 



I. HISTORICAL EXTRACTS. 

1. Ja'far ibn Yahya the Barmecide, the vizier of Harun 
al Kashid. 



' J*i&' o^j O^ C-jj^ UL L 

s o ' Of- j Os s. oi 



U _,t U, ^^ U^ uAJI J15 < j 



5 ^XJJu 

>. ^Jl -? J15 5 -aJI 



xJOt frjOxOfr #0xj ^Of 

Jiil O 1 ^W*-' ^ j^j^a^J U^J J^jJt JIS ' Uul 



j 0x0 x OA5 



.-3 AloUU ^> C-~a*^! jJj j.A3to. .J! J-OAJt ,> ^iUUI 

VP X X *"^ X XX 



x Of J *> 



4. .-jt. Ibn Khallikan says : "al Rashid had so deep a 
respect for Yahya that, in speaking of him, he always called 
him 'my father'." 

9. ^laJ! O'>P- ^ n this bureau, which was established 

x ^ 

by the Caliph Mu'awiyah, official documents were carefully 
folded and sealed in order to prevent any one from tampering 
with their contents. 

T. A. IV. A 




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