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BIOLOQX LIBB.
****
LIBRARY
'TR.^inr o»
i'-OP!-*?* /
ENCYCLOPEDIA BBITANNICA
NINTH EDITION
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA
DICTIONARY
OF
ARTS, SCIENCES, AND GENERAL LITERATURE
NINTH EDITION
INDEX
WITH LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS AND KEY TO THEIR INITIALS
NEW YORK: CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
MDCCCLXXXIX
[ All Riyhts reserved. ]
Add'l
GIFT
£</-
BIOLOGY
LIBRARY
PREFACE.
AN iiidex commonly needs no preface, but it seems not unreasonable to explain why
an alphabetical Encyclopaedia is furnished with an alphabetical index. In smaller
works of reference which partake of the nature of verbal lexicons no such thing is needed ;
but the plan of the Encyclopsedia Britannica is to deal with subjects rather than words,
and to discuss large subjects in a connected way, under general headings, so that the book
may be used not only for occasional reference but for systematic study. Many things,
therefore, which a reader may wish to understand are explained, not under their own
names, but in the course of a larger discussion, and those who desire to learn about them
will find the explanation in its proper place by the aid of this index volume. The index
has been compiled by Mr William Cairns, and arranged and revised by the Rev. Geo.
M'Arthur, with the assistance of Miss Emily Stevenson and Mr J. T. Bealby.
Besides the index, the present volume contains a complete list of those who have
written articles for the ninth edition of the Encyclopaedia, with a key to the initial letters
affixed to the longer contributions. It is to be observed that the use of these initials was
not designed to lighten the responsibility of the editors. No editor can possess the know
ledge which would enable him to control the work of his contributors in all the subjects
treated of in the Encyclopsedia, but no effort has been spared on the part of the editorial
staff to secure the accuracy and sufficiency of every contribution, and to prevent those
repetitions and inconcinnities which necessarily occur where each contributor is absolutely
and solely responsible for the articles that bear his name.
In this endeavour the editors have been heartily supported by the contributors
themselves : a large proportion of the unsigned articles have been written by scholars of
the first name, who kindly undertook to do small things as well as large in order to secure
the uniform treatment of a whole group of subjects, and in all departments leading
authorities at home and abroad have been found ready to help, not merely by their direct
contributions, but by valuable counsels as to the plan of articles and the choice of
writers — often also by revising what others had written, and suggesting corrections and
improvements.
•* -7 o
J- JLo
Vi PREFACE.
The list of contributors, and the initials appended to the longer articles, are sufficient
to show that the ninth edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica is no mere compilation,
but the work of specialists writing from firsthand knowledge, to an extent that had not
been attempted in previous works of the kind. But an Encyclopaedia, however brilliant its
list of contributors, must always owe much to the constant and stated labours of a resident
staff, whose members give their whole time to the work, and to these gentlemen a special
acknowledgment is due. The Rev. George M' Arthur read every sheet of the book down
to 1883, after which date he had the assistance of Mr J. T. Bealby, but continued to take
the chief and most responsible share in that minute revision which every line of such a
work demands. The late Mr W. Browning Smith from 1873 to 1878, Prof. Adamson from
1874 to 1876, Mr H. A. Webster from 1874 to 1887, Mr F. H. Butler in 1876 and 1877,
and Mr T. F. Henderson from 1877 to 1884 gave their daily service to the work of
the Encyclopaedia,^ writing regularly on their own subjects, and helping the editors in
various other ways. From the year 1878 Mr J. Sutherland Black acted as assistant
editor, and from 1883 to the close of the work he was chief of the resident staff. To his
knowledge, zeal, and judgment the work owes more than can be here expressed. It ought
to be added that the task of the editors has at all times been much facilitated by
the excellent administration of the publishers, who, quite apart from the ability and
liberality with which they have conducted the business part of the undertaking, have
throughout taken the greatest interest in the literary work of the Encyclopaedia, and
have given to the editors the manifold assistance which can be derived from a practical
knowledge of affairs.
W. ROBERTSON SMITH.
CHRIST'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE,
February 18, 1889.
INDEX
ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA.
INDEX
A the first letter of the alphabet,
» i. i.
AA, rivers, various European countries,
I, 2.
AACHEN (Aix-la-Chapelle, q.v.\ town,
Germany, I. 431.
AAHMES, king of Egypt, vn. 736.
AALBORG, town, Denmark, I. 2.
AALEN, town, Wiirtemberg, i. 2.
AALST (Alost), town, Belgium, I. 597.
AALUM, or Alam, emperor of Delhi, VI.
12; xn. 802.
AAR, river, Switzerland, I. 2; xx. 519;
xxn. 776.
AARAU, town, Switzerland, I. 3 ; xxn.
778.
AARD-VARK, species of Edentata, i. 3;
xv. 389.
AARD-WOLF, species of Carnivora, I. 3;
xv. 437.
AARGAU, canton, Switzerland, i. 3 ;
xxn. 778, 785, 794.
AARHUUS, town, Denmark, I. 3.
AARON, of Scripture, I. 3; xvm. 510;
family of, x. 143; Aaronite priest
hood, xiv. 489.
— BAR MADANI, Syriac writer, x.xii.
853.
AARSSENS, Francis van, Dutch diplo
matist, I. 4.
AASEN, Ivar, Norwegian philologist,
xvn. 592; xxi. 374.
ABABDE, African tribe, i. 4, 260; xvn.
611.
ABACA, plant, I. 4; xv. 488; culture of,
in Philippines, XVIII. 751.
ABACI, Liber, Leonardo of Pisa's work,
xix. 125.
ABACO, islands, Bahamas, in. 236.
ABACUS, i. 4; xvii. 626.
ABADAVINE, bird, xxu. 99.
A — ABD
, town, Greece, I. 4; xvm. Soi.
ABAI (Blue Nile), river, Abyssinia, I.
62; xvii. 507.
ABAKANSK, town, Siberia, i. 4.
ABANA, river, Syria, i. 4; vi. 790; xxn.
821.
ABANCAY, town, Pern, i. 4.
ABANDONING, in law, i. 5.
ABANDONMENT, in marine assurance, i.
4; xin. 186.
— , in law of railways, I. 5.
ABANO, town, Italy, I. 5 ; mineral water
of, xvi. 434.
— , Pietro d', Italian philosopher, I. 5 ;
on physiognomy, XIX. 4.
ABARIS, the Hyperborean, I. 5; VII. 478.
ABASIA, district, Russia, I. 50.
ABATED WORK, in architecture, II. 459.
ABATEMENT, in law and commerce,
1.5.
ABATI, Niccolo, Italian painter, I. 5.
ABATTIS, in fortification, ix. 422.
ABATTOIR, i. 5.
ABAUZIT, Firmin, French writer, I. 7.
ABB, town, Arabia, I. 8.
ABBACOMITES, lay abbots, i. 24.
ABBADIE, James, Protestant divine, I. 8.
ABBA JARED, mountain, Abyssinia, I.
250.
ABBAS I., the Great, shah of Persia, I. 8;
xvm. 637.
- II., of Persia, xvm. 638.
— III., of Persia, xvm. 640.
— , Persian poet, xvm. 655.
— , Theophilus, instructor of Justinian,
xxm. 276.
MIRZA, prince of Persia, I. 8; xvm.
648.
ABBASIDS, or Abbassides, caliphs of
Baghdad, I. 8; xvi. 578; n. 259; vn.
749; their coins, xvn. 660.
ABBASINATION, kind of torture, vi
802.
ABBE, French title, I. 9.
ABBE, Prof. E., his researches on the
microscope, xvi. 264, 269, 274.
ABBEOKUTA (Abeokuta), town, West
Africa, I. 9; xxiv. 754.
ABBESS, i. 9; xvi. 706.
ABBEVILLE, town, France, I. 10; xxn.
261.
ABBEY, i. 10.
ABBIATE GRASSO, town, Italy, i. 22.
ABBON of Fleury, French writer, I. 22.
ABBOT, i. 22; xvi. 700; in House of
Lords, xvm. 459, 463.
— , Charles, Lord Colchester, vi. 124.
— , George, archbishop of Canterbury,
1.25.
— , George, the Puritan, I. 25.
— , Robert, Puritan divine, I. 25.
— OF UNREASON, v. 704.
ABBOTSFORD, i. 26.
CLUB, i. 26.
ABBREVIATIONS, with list, i. 26 ; in
inscriptions, Xlll. 126.
ABBREVIATORS, writers in papal chan
cery, i. 29.
ABBT, Thomas, German philosopher, x.
535-
ABDALLAH, Omayyad caliph in Spain,
xxn. 312.
B.-YAZIM, founder of the Almo-
ravides, I. 595.
B.-ZOBAIR, pseudo-caliph, xvi.
567.
ABDALLATIF, physician and traveller,
I. 30; on anatomy, I. 805.
ABD AL-MELIK, Omayyad caliph, xvi.
569.
ABD AL-MUMIN, Moorish prince in
Spain, I. 593; xxii. 316.
XXV. — i
A B D — A B R
ABD AL-RAHMAN I., emir of Cordova,
xvi. 578, 579; xxn. 310.
II., emir of Cordova, XXII. 312.
III., caliph of Cordova, xxil.
3i3-
ABD-EL-CAABA (Abu-Bekr), i. 60.
ABD-EL-KADER, Algerian emir, I. 30,
567-
ABD-EL-WAHHAB, founder of the Wah-
habees, II. 260.
ABDERA, town, Thrace, I. 30; coins of,
xvii. 640.
, town, ancient Spain, I. 30.
ABDERAME (Abd al-Rahman), emir of
Cordova, xxn. 310.
ABDICATION, with list, 1. 30 ; of emperor
Charles V., v. 417.
ABDOMEN, i. 31, 835; vn. 223; surgery
of, xxn. 690; wounds of, xv. 781.
ABDOMINALES, subdivision of fishes, i.
3i-
ABDOMINALIA, division of Crustacea, vi.
666.
ABDUCTION, in law, i. 31 ; xiv. 69; xxiv.
642.
ABD-UL-AziZ, Turkish sultan, xxm.
651.
ABD-UL-HAMID, Turkish sultan, xxm.
652.
ABD-UL-LATIF (Abdallatif), physician,
i. 30.
, Persian sovereign, XVIII. 632.
ABD-UL-MEJID, Turkish sultan, i. 31;
xxm. 650.
A BECKET, or Becket, Thomas, arch
bishop of Canterbury, I. 31.
A'BECKETT, Gilbert Abbott, English
humorist, I. 33.
ABEL, of Scripture, I. 33.
, Sir Frederick A., his experiments
on gun-cotton, XI. 277 ; on gunpowder,
xi. 322; xvi. 445, 460.
, Karl Friedrich, German musician,
1-33-
, Niels Henrik, Norwegian mathe
matician, I. 33, 516; vin. 508; xin. 40,
66, 67, 69.
, Thomas, English divine, I. 33.
ABELARD, Peter, 'scholastic philosopher,
i. 34; XXI. 424; his contest with St
Bernard, in. 602; his relations with
William of Champeaux, v. 386.
ABELIAN FUNCTIONS, vi. 726; ix. 821.
ABELIANS, religious sect, i. 33.
ABENCERRAGES, Moorish family, i. 35.
ABENDANAS, translators of Mishnah,
xvi. 506.
ABENEZRA, Jewish writer, I. 36.
ABENSBERG, town, Bavaria, I. 36.
ABEOKUTA, town, West Africa, i. 9;
xxiv. 754.
ABERAVON, town, Wales, i. 36.
ABERBROTHOCK (Arbroath), town, Scot
land, n. 324.
ABERCIUS, Phrygian saint, XVIII. 853.
ABERCONWAY (Con way), town, Wales,
vi. 330.
ABERCROMBIE, John, Scottish physician
and philosopher, I. 36; XV. 817.
ABERCROMBY, David, Scottish physician
and philosopher, I. 36.
, James, speaker of the House of
Commons, I. 37.
, Patrick, Scottish writer, I. 37.
-, Sir Ralph, British general, I. 38.
ABERDARE, town, Wales, I. 38.
ABERDEEN, town, Scotland, I. 39; lib
raries, XIV. 523, 542 ; newspapers,
XVII. 423 ; population, XXI. 528 ; uni
versity, XXIII. 843, 854.
, Fourth Earl of, I. 46; English
premier, VIII. 366.
-, Old, town, Scotland, I. 43.
ABERDEENSHIRE, Scotland, i. 43 ; area
and population, XXI. 528 ; representa
tion, xxm. 727.
ABERDEVINE, bird, xxn. 99.
ABERDOUR, village, Scotland, i. 46.
ABERFELDY, village, Scotland, i. 46.
ABERGAVENNY, town, Monmouthshire,
England, I. 46; XVI. 754; wood sculp
ture in church, xxiv. 646.
ABERNETHY, town, Scotland, 1. 46 ; xvin.
667 ; xx. 477.
, John, Irish divine, I. 47.
•, John, English surgeon, I. 47.
ABERRATION, of light, i. 47; xiv. 584,
589; xvi. 259; xvin. 246, 252; xxiv.
424, 435, 439 ; its discovery by
Bradley, 1 1. 757 ; chromatic, xvi. 259;
XVII. 803; xxm. 141; in the eye, VIII.
819; of lenses, xvn. 803; xxm. 140.
ABERTEIFI (Cardigan), town, Wales v.
95-
ABERYSTWITH, town, Wales, I. 48 ; Uni
versity College at, xxm. 856.
ABESHR, town, Wadai, Central Africa,
xxn. 279.
ABETTOR, in law, i. 83.
ABEYANCE, in law, i. 48.
•, Peerages in, xvn I. 467.
ABGAR, kings of Edessa, I. 48 ; VII. 653.
ABGEORDNETENHAUS, Prussian cham
ber, xx. 1 8.
ABHA, Syriac writer, xxn. 828.
, patriarch, Syriac writer, xxn.
844.
ABHD-ISHO, Syriac writer, xxn. 827.
ABHD-ISHO BAR BAHRIZ, metropolitan
of Mosul, xxn. 849.
ABHD-ISHO BAR BERIKHA, metropolitan
of Nisibis, Syriac writer, xxn. 855.
ABHIDHARMA, the philosophy of Bud
dhism, iv. 432.
ABHSAMYA, Syriac writer, xxn. 828.
ABHZUDH, Syriac writer, xxn. 849.
ABIAD, Bahr-el (White Nile), river,
Africa, I. 48 ; XVII. 506, 508.
ABIDE WITH ME, Lyte's hymn, xv.
121.
AB-l-ISTADA, lake, Afghanistan, I. 230.
ABILA, ancient town, Syria, i. 49.
ABILDGAARD, Nikolaj, Danish painter,
1.49; vn. 93.
ABIMELECH, of Scripture, i. 49; xin.
401.
ABINGDON, town, England, I. 49.
ABIOGENESIS, in biology, i. 49; in.
688.
ABIPONES, Indian tribe, I. 50; Dobriz-
hoffer's history of them, vii. 308.
ABJURATION, Oath of, i. 581; xvn. 701.
ABKHASIA, district, Asiatic Russia, I.
50.
ABKHASIANS, race of Circassians, v.
257.
ABLATION, of glaciers, x. 627.
ABLUTION, i, 50.
ABNER, of Scripture, i. 51.
ABNEY, Capt. William de W., his con
tributions to photography, xvii. 826,
830, 834; xxm. 142 ; investigations
in spectroscopy, xxn. 380.
ABNICUM (Anni), ancient town, Asia
Minor, n. 72.
ABO, province, Finland, ix. 217.
— , town, Finland, I. 5 1 ; observatory
at, xvii. 714.
ABOLITION OF SLAVERY, general move
ment for, xxn. 141 ; Wilberforce's
part in, xxiv. 565 ; in United States,
xxm. 752, 763, 767, 781 ; Garrison's
advocacy, x. 85.
ABOMASUM, fourth stomach of rumin
ants, i. 51.
ABOMEY, town, Dahomey, Africa, I. 51;
vi. 765.
ABONG ABONG, mountain, Sumatra^
xxn. 638.
ABOO ARESH, district, Arabia, II. 253.
ABOOSEER (Abusir), town, Egypt, iv.
576; pyramids of, vn. 772; xx. 123.
ABOOSIMBEL (Abu-Simbel), temple of,
Nubia, n. 388.
ABORIGINES, i. 51.
ABORTION, in midwifery, I. 52 ; crimi
nal, xin. 4; xv. 780; in cows, xxiv.
204.
ABOUKIR, town, Egypt, I. 52 ; Nelson's
victory off (1798), xvn. 322; Napo
leon's victory off (1799), xxm. 648;
Abercromby's debarkation at (1801),
1.38-
ABOU-MENGEL, bird, xn. 606.
ABOUT, Edmond, French writer, ix.
679.
ABRABANEL, Isaac, Jewish statesman
and writer, I. 52.
ABRACADABRA, charm, i. 52.
ABRAHAM, Hebrew patriarch, I. 52.
of Kaslikar, Syriac writer, xxn.
837-
of Nephtar, Syriac writer, xxn.
836.
of Nisibis, Syriac writer, XXII. 836.
, Plains of, Quebec city, xx. 168.
BAR DASHANDADH, Syriac writer,
xxn. 844.
B. DAVID, rabbis, xx. 191.
A SANCTA CLARA, German preacher
and satirist, I. 55; x. 531.
A B R — A C A
ABRAHAM'S BOSOM, limbus patrum,
xiv. 646.
ABR ANTES, town, Portugal, I. 55.
, Duchess of, xm. 779.
, Duke of (Jiuiot), French general,
xm. 779; xix. 551.
ABRASION, by rivers, x. 275.
ABRAXAS, or Abrasax, charm, I. 56;
Gnostic name of the Supreme God, ill.
420; x. 141.
ABRIACHANITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
ABRIDGMENTS, in copyright law, vi.
361.
ABRlNCATvE (Avranches), ancient town,
France, m. 157.
ABRO, island in Baltic, Russia, xvii.
732.
ABRUZZO, province, Italy, I. 56.
ABSALOM, of Scripture, I. 56; vi. 840;
xm. 405 ; tomb of, n. 393.
— AND ACHITOPHEL, Dryden's poem,
vii. 492.
ABSALON, Danish statesman, i. 57; vi.
345-
ABSAROKA MOUNTAINS, Wyoming,
U.S.A., xxiv. 737.
ABSCESS, in surgery, I. 57 ; treatment
of, xxii. 683 ; in ophthalmology, xvii.
781, 786; of liver, tropical, xvm. 396.
ABSENTEEISM, of landlords in Ireland,
xm. 229, 269.
ABSINTHE, liqueur, i. 57.
ABSOLUTE, in philosophy, i. 57.
, Philosophy of the, XXL 393; xxm.
247.
MEASUREMENTS, in electricity,
vm. 15, 103.
SPIRIT, Hegel's, xvi. 87.
TEMPERATURE, XL 566; xxm.
285.
UNIT FORCE, xv. 699.
ABSOLUTION, i. 58; xvm. 487.
ABSOLVITOR, in Scots law, i. 58.
ABSORPTION, I. 58 ; of food into blood,
xvii. 677; of light, xiv. 600; xx. 213;
in plants, IV. 119; xix. 44.
ABSTEMII, religious sect, I. 58.
ABSTINENCE, ascetic, n. 677.
SOCIETIES, xxm. 159.
ABSTRACTION, in philosophy, i. 58; m.
47-
ABSURDUM, Reductio ad, i. 59.
ABU, sacred mountain, India, I. 59; xm.
543; xxii. 98.
ABU-ABDULLAH MAHOMMED (Ibn Ba-
tuta), geographer, xn. 607.
ABU-ALI AL-HASAN (Alhazen), mathe
matician, i. 572.
ABU-ALI AL-HOSEIN IBN-SlNA (Avi-
cenna), philosopher and physician,
ill. 152.
ABUAM, town, Morocco, xxm. 21.
ABUBACER, Spanish Moslem philo
sopher, II. 269.
ABUBAKER, rajah of Johore, xm. 730.
ABU-BASIR, runaway from Mecca, xvi.
558.
ABU-BEKR, caliph, successor of
Mohammed, I. 60; II. 257; xvi. 561.
ABU-BEKR MOHAMMED IBN-JAKYA
(Avempace), philosopher, ill. 144; II.
269.
ABU-BISHIR, fish, xix. 429.
ABU-DANI (Eldacl Ben Malchi), Jewish
traveller, VII. 827.
ABU-FARAJ, Arabian writer, n. 263.
ABU-GHALIB BAR SABUNI, Syriac
writer, XXII. 850.
ABU-HAMED MUHAMMAD AL-GAZALI,
Arabian philosopher, I. 510.
ABU-JAFAR AL-MANSUR, caliph, xv.
500; xvi. 578.
ABU-JAFAR MOHAMMED B. JARIR AT-
TABARI, Arabian historian, xxm. 3.
ABULA (Avila), ancient town, Spain,
in. 156.
ABUL-ABBAS, first Abbasid caliph, xvi.
578.
ABUL-ABBAS AHMED (Ibn Khallikan),
Arabian writer, XII. 609.
ABUL-ABBAS AHMED IBN-MOHAMMED
EL-MAKKARI, Arabian wrriter, XV. 31 1.
ABULCASIM, Arabian surgeon, XV. 805 ;
xxn. 675.
MANSUR (Firdousi), Persian poet,
IX. 225.
ABULFARAGIUS, Gregorius (Abiil-Faraj,
Bar-Hebrteus), Arabian historian, I.
60; xxii. 853; xxm. 5.
ABULFAZL, Indian historian, I. 60.
ABULFEDA, Arabic historian, I. 60; n.
263, 264.
ABULGHAZI-BAHADUR, khan of Khiva,
i. 61.
ABUL-HAKAM, Moorish invader of
Spain, xxii. 319.
ABUL-HASSAN, Arabian diallist, vii.
153-
ABUL-HIN, mountain, Syria, xiv. 394.
ABUL-KASIM, Arabian physician, xv.
805; xxii. 675.
ABULKHAIR, Mongol khan, xvi. 729.
ABULMAJD MAJDUD B. ADAM (Sanai),
Persian poet, xxi. 254.
ABUL-TAYYIB (Al-Motanabbi), Arabian
poet, xvii. i.
ABULWAFA, Mohammed, Arabian alge
braist, i. 512.
ABUL-WALID MERWAN (Rabbi Jonah),
Jewish philologist, XIII. 737.
ABUL-WALID MOHAMMED IBN-ROSHD
(Averroes), philosopher, in. 149.
ABU-MAASCHAR (Abumazar), Arabian
astronomer, I. 456; XVI. 596.
ABU-MERWAN ABDALMALEC IBN-
ZOHR (Avenzoar), ill. 145; xv. 805.
ABU-MOSLIM, founder of the Abbasid
dynasty, xvi. 576, 578.
ABUNA, title of the archbishop of Abys
sinia, I. 6 1.
ABU-NASR IBN-HAMMAD EL-JAUHARY,
Arabic lexicographer, xm. 598.
ABU-NASR MUHAMMAD AL-FARABI,
Arabian philosopher, I. 501.
ABU-OBAIDA, Arabian historian, xxm. 3.
ABU-SAID, Persian sovereign, xvin.
632.
ABU-SAID B. ABUL-KHAIR, Persian
poet, xvii. 771; xvm. 658.
ABUSCHEHR, or Abushehr (Bushire),
town, Persia, IV. 574.
ABU-SIMBEL, or Ipsambul, Nubia, I. 61 ;
temple of, II. 388.
ABUSIR, town, Egypt, IV. 576 ; pyra
mids of, vii. 772; xx. 123.
ABU-TAHIR AL-MANSUR, Fatimite
caliph, xv. 500.
ABU-TEMAN, or Abu-Temmam, Arabian
poet, I. 61; II. 263; XI. 402; XVI. 539.
ABUTMENTS, Stability of, iv. 324.
ABU-YAHYA AL-MARWAZI, Syrian
physician, XXII. 847.
ABU-YUSUF AL-KiNDi, Arabian philo
sopher, I. 578.
ABU-ZAKARIYA, prince of Tunis, xxm.
621.
ABU-ZEID ABDARRAHMAN (Ibn Khal-
dovm), Arabic writer, xil. 609.
ABYDOS, ancient town, Asia Minor, i.
61; xvii. 122.
— , ancient town, Egypt, I. 61; VII.
775 > pyramids of, xx. 124.
ABYSSINIA, I. 61, 262; Arabian settle
ments in, XXIV. 739; birds of, ill. 758 ;
filigree from, IX. 164 ; Gallas of, X. 38 ;
introduction of Christianity, IX. 804 ;
languages, XVI. 654 ; Lobo's travels in,
Xiv. 743; Prester John of, XIX. 717.
ABYSSINIAN CHURCH, Canon of the, v.
13-
ABYSSINIAN MONTHS, v. 716.
ABYSSINIANS, i. 262.
ACACIA, genus of plants, I. 68 ; catechu
from, v. 220; gum from, XI. 275.
, False, culture of, II. 318.
ACACIANS, early Christian sect, XV.
145.
ACACIUS, patriarch of Constantinople,
xix. 492.
of Amid, Syriac writer, xxii. 829.
— of Seleucia, Syriac writer, xxii.
830.
ACADEMIA ESPANOLA, XXII. 360.
ACADEMICAL PRECEDENCE, xix. 668.
ACADEMIC SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY, i.
68.
ACADEMIC VESTMENTS, vi. 463.
ACADEMIES, I. 68; importance of, for
the advance of science, XXIV. 800; of
Italy, xm. 507; musical, xvii. 83.
ACADEMUS, grove of, I. 68; XIX. 194.
ACADEMY, i. 68.
, at Athens, I. 68; ill. 2; xix. 194.
, French, founded by Richelieu, IX.
570 ; its influence on French literature,
IX. 658.
-, Royal, London, Xiv. 836.
ACADIA, or Acadie, former name of Nova
Scotia, I. 79; xvii. 375, 60 1 ; its rela
tion to Maine, U.S.A., xv. 301.
ACALEPH^E, group of animals, I. 79.
A C A — A C I
ACAMARCHIS AVICULARIA, species of
Polyzoa, xix. 437.
ACANTHIAS, genus of sharks, xxi. 775.
ACANTHITE, mineral, xvi. 392.
ACANTHOCEPHALA, parasitic worms, I.
79; n. 54; xvin. 259; in Lankester's
classification, xxiv. 813.
ACANTHOCYSTUS, genus of Protozoa,
xix. 845.
ACANTHODINI, suborder of fishes, xn.
686.
ACANTHODRILUS, genusof worms, xxiv.
678.
ACANTHOGLOSSUS, genus of mammals,
xv. 378.
ACANTHOMETRIDEA, subclass of Proto-
zoa, xix. 851.
ACANTHOMYS, genus of Rodentia, XVII. 6.
ACANTHOPTERYGll, order of fishes, I. 79;
xn. 688.
PHARYNGOGNATHI, order of fishes,
xii. 691.
ACANTHUS, genus of plants, i. 79.
ACANTHYLLIS, genus of birds, xxil.
760.
ACAPULCO, town, Mexico, I. 79.
ACARIDEA, order of Arachnida, II. 274.
ACARNANIA, province, ancient Greece,
I. 79 ; coins of, xvu. 642.
ACARUS, genus of Arachnida, I. 79; II.
276; XVI. 528 ; gall-producers, X. 43.
AUTUMNALIS, harvest bug, XI. 501;
xvi. 529.
ACCAD, or Akkad, subdivision of Baby
lonia, in. 185; xvi. 51.
ACCADIAN INSCRIPTIONS, vn. 795; xin.
114; language of, I. 604; dictionary,
vn. 189.
ACCA LARENTIA, in Roman legend, xiv.
3*3-
ACCARON, or Ekron, town of the Phili
stines, vn. 794.
ACCELERATION, in dynamics, i. 79; xv.
682; diagram of, VII. 150; energy of,
xv. 769; lunar, n. 799.
ACCENT, ACCENTUATION, in language,
I. 80; XI. 37; xvin. 788; XXII. 384; in
Latin, xiv. 329; in Romance languages,
XX. 664; in Sanskrit, XXI. 272.
ACCENTOR, genus of birds, XXII. 369.
ACCENTS, in ancient MSS., xvin. 165.
ACCEPTANCE, in commerce, I. 82.
ACCEPTATIONS, The, supplement to Book
of the Consulate, VI. 317.
ACCESSION, i. 83.
ACCESSORY, in criminal law, I. 83; vi.
588.
ACCIAJUOLI, Donato, Italian writer, I.
83-
ACCIDENCE, in grammar, xi. 38.
ACCIDENT, in logic, I. 83.
ACCIDENT INSURANCE, xm. 161.
ACCIDENTS, in mines, xvi. 466; vi. 72 ;
railway, XX. 250; at sea, xxi. 60 1.
ACCIPITRES, group of birds, XI. 534;
XVIII. 47.
AcciUS, poet of 1 6th century, I. 83.
ACCIUS, Lucius, Latin tragic poet, I. 83;
XVIII. 129; his language, xiv. 332.
ACCLAMATION, i. 83.
ACCLIMATIZATION, i. 84; iv. 248; of
fish, xii. 665; xix. 128; of fish in New
Zealand, xvu. 470; of insects, xin.
141.
ACCOLADE, in conferring knighthood,
i. 90; xiv. 1 1 8.
ACCOLTI, Benedict, Tuscan lawyer, I. 90.
— , Bernard, improvisatore, I. 90.
, Pietro, cardinal, I. 90.
ACCOMMODATION, in Biblical interpre
tation, i. 90.
, in commerce, I. 90.
-, Ophthalmic disorders of, xvu. 785.
ACCOMPTANT (Accountant), I. 92.
ACCORAMBONI, Vittoria, Italian lady,
I. 90.
ACCORDION, musical instrument, I. 91.
ACCORSO, Francis, Florentine lawyer,
I. 91 ; his Glossa, X. 686.
-, Mariangelo, Neapolitan critic, 1. 91.
ACCOUNT, Stock Exchange term, I. 91.
ACCOUNTANT, i. 92.
ACCOUNTANT-GENERAL, Court of Chan
cery official, i. 92.
ACCOUNT BOOKS, Manufacture of, xxn.
461.
ACCOUNTS, Banking, ill. 332.
ACCRA, town, West Africa, I. 92.
ACCRINGTON, town, England, I. 92.
ACCUM, Frederick, chemist, I. 92.
ACCUMULATOR, electrical machine, I.
92; vin. 34.
MACHINERY, Hydraulic, xii. 522.
ACCURSIUS (Accorso, q.v.\ i. 91.
ACCUSED PERSONS, Torture of, xxm.
462.
ACE, on cards and dice, I. 92.
ACELUM (Asolo), ancient town, Italy, II.
714.
ACEPHALA, section of molluscs, I. 92;
xvi. 633, 684.
ACEPHALI, I. 92.
ACER, genus of trees, xv. 523.
ACERA, genus of molluscs, xvi. 655, 656.
ACERATHERIUM, fossil rhinoceros, XX.
523.
ACERBI, Joseph, Italian traveller, I. 93.
ACERINA CERNUA, species of fish, xix.
481.
ACERNUS, Polish poet, I. 93.
ACERRA, incense box, I. 93.
, town, Italy, I. 93.
ACERVETIS (Mangalia), ancient town,
Thrace, xv. 479.
ACETALS, in chemistry, V. 567.
ACETATE OF LEAD, xiv. 378.
ACETIC ACID, i. 93; v. 569.
ACETYLENE, in chemistry, v. 521, 559;
XVIIL 237.
ACHAEAN LEAGUE, i. 93; ix. 62; xi. 107 ;
under Philopocmen, XVIIL 790; in
time of Polybius, Xix. 411.
ACH^EMENIAN DYNASTY, Persia, XVIII.
565.
M, form of fruit, iv. 151.
ACHAIA, state, ancient Greece, 1. 93; Xix.
411 ; coins of, xvu. 642.
ACHAN, of Scripture, I. 94.
ACHARD, Franz Carl, Prussian chemist,
I. 94; his platinum process, Xix. 190;
manufactures beet-sugar, xxil. 625.
ACHARIUS, Erik, Swedish botanist, I.
94 ; his classification of lichens, Xiv.
560.
ACHARNIANS, The, play of Aristophanes,
n. 508.
ACHATES, friend of ./Eneas, I. 94.
ACHEEN (Acliin), in Sumatra, I. 95 ;
XXIL 639.
ACHELNOTUS (Agelnoth), archbishop of
Canterbury, I. 279.
ACHELOUS, river, Greece, I. 94.
ACHENWALL, Gottfried, German writer,
I. 94; on statistics, xxn. 461.
ACHERON, in classical mythology, I.
94-
, river, Albania, I. 447; v. 266.
ACHILL, island, Ireland, I. 94; xin. 216;
xv. 650.
ACHILLES, in Greek legend, I. 94; xii.
117; XX. 643 ; his obsequies, ill. 398 ;
his connexion with Scyros, XXI. 574 ;
shield of, II. 347.
- PONTARCHES, Cult of, XVII. 753.
— TATIUS, Greek writer, I. 95 ; xx.
635.
ACHILLINI, Alessandro, Italian ana
tomist, i. 95, 806.
, Claudio, Italian poet, xin. 511.
ACHIMENES, genus of stove plants, xn.
265.
ACHIN, state and town, Sumatra, I. 95;
xxil. 639.
Ac H MET (Ahmed, q.v.), sultans of
Turkey, I. 97.
PASHA, French adventurer, IV. 36.
ACHRADINA, suburb of Syracuse, XXIL
814.
ACHRAY, lake, Scotland, I. 97.
ACHROMATIC BANDS, in spectrum,
xxiv. 425, 427.
ACHROMATIC GLASSES, i. 97; xiv. 595;
xvi. 250,260,262; xvii. 804; Amici's,
i. 738; xvi. 262; Dollond's, vii. 345;
xvi. 262 ; Fraunhofer's, IX. 728.
ACHROMATIC TELESCOPE, xxm. 137.
ACHROMATIN, in tissues, xix. 832.
ACHROMATISM, in optics, xiv. 592, 595,
60 1 ; xvii. 804 ; of the eye, xiv. 60 1.
AciCULlD^E, family of snails, XXII.
187.
ACID, in chemistry, I. 97; v. 477, 486 ;
acetic, I. 93 ; lactic, Xiv. 196 ; oxalic,
XVIIL 91 ; phthalic, XVIIL 855; prussic,
xx. 21 ; tartaric, xxm. 69 ; uric,
XXIV. II.
ACIDALIUS, Valens, German writer, I.
98.
ACID-AMIDES, in chemistry, xvii. 519.
ACIDS, Fatty, X. 697 ; organic, v. 553,
568; xix. 52 ; vegetable, xix. 52.
A C I — A D A
5
ACIDULATED SPRINGS, xvi. 436.
ACINACES, Persian sword, I. 98.
ACINETARIA, class of Protozoa, xix.
865; xxiv. 812.
ACIPENSER, genus of fishes, xxil. 611.
ACIREALE, town, Sicily, I. 97; xxn. 31.
Acis, in mythology, I. 98.
ACKEN, town, Prussia, I. 435.
ACKERMANN, Johann C. G., German
physician, I. 98.
ACMITE, mineral, XVI. 416.
ACNE, skin disease, xxn. 121.
ACNODE, in geometry, vi. 723; xxn.
669.
ACCELA, tribe of worms, xix. 172, 174.
ACCEMETVE, or Accemeti, order of monks,
I. 98; xvi. 700.
ACOLHUAS, people, ancient Mexico, xvi.
209.
ACOLYTE, order of clergy, i. 98; xvn.
820.
ACONCAGUA, province, Chili, I. 98; v.
616.
, volcano, Chili, II. 16; v. 616.
ACONCIO, Giacomo, jurist and theolo
gian, I. 98.
ACONITE, genus of plants, I. 98 ; poison,
XIX. 279; extract of, in different
pharmacopoeias, xvill. 731.
ACONTIID/E, family of lizards, XIV.
733-
ACONTIUS, jurist and theologian, I. 98.
ACORNS, Economic uses of, XVII. 692.
ACORUS, genus of plants, I. 99.
ACOSTA, Christoval d', Portuguese natu
ralist, I. 99.
, Joseph d', Spanish writer, I. 99.
, Uriel d', Portuguese Jewish noble
man, I. 99.
ACOTYLEDONES, class of plants, I. 99.
ACOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS, IV. 92.
ACOUSTICS, I. too ; of speech-organs,
xvni. 811; xxiv. 273; in relation to
telephony, XXIII. 127.
ACOUSTIC TRICKS, in magic, xv. 307.
ACQUAVIVA, Claudio, general of the
Jesuits, xin. 651, 653.
ACQUI, town, Italy, I. 120; mineral
water of, xvi. 434.
ACQUISITIVENESS, in phrenology, xvm.
845.
ACRA, town, Gold Coast, Africa, I. 92 ;
race and language, X. 756.
A.CRJE, Syracusan settlement, Sicily,
xxn. 814; xvm. 167.
ACRE, measure of surface, I. 120.
, or St Jean d'Acre, town, Syria, I.
120; capture of, by Saladin (1191),
vn. 754; xxin. 161; Knights Hospital
lers at, xxi. 174 ; Napoleon's repulse at
(1799), xvn. 201; xxn. 179.
ACREDULA, genus of birds, xxm. 419.
ACROBAT, i. 120.
ACROBATA, genus of phalangers, xvm.
729.
ACROCEPHALUS, genus of birds, xxiv.
366.
ACROCERAUNIA, promontory, Greece,
i. 120.
ACROCERAUNIAN MOUNTAINS, Greece,
1. 447.
ACROCHORDID^E, family of snakes,
xxn. 193.
ACRODYNIA, toxic disease, xvm. 407.
ACROGEN^E, or Acrogens, division of
plants, i. 120; iv. 99.
ACROLEIN, a vapour from oils, xvn. 740.
ACROLITH, in statuary, I. 120.
ACROMYODI, group of birds, XVIII. 40,
47-
Ac RON, Sicilian physician, I. 120.
ACROPOLIS, citadel, Athens, i. 121;
m. i, 5, 6.
ACROPOLITA, Georgius, Byzantine
historian, IV. 613.
ACROSTIC, i. 121.
ACROTERIUM, in architecture, 1 1. 459.
ACRYDIID^E, family of insects, XL 60;
xm. 153; xiv. 765.
ACT, in dramatic literature, I. 121.
, in law, I. 122.
OF CONGRESS, xxn. 471.
OF PARLIAMENT, i. 122; xvm.
313; xxn. 468.
OF SEDERUNT, in Scots law, i.
123.
— OF SETTLEMENT, of English
crown, xxi. 696 ; in Isle of Man, xv.
454-
OF UNIFORMITY (1662), xix. 690.
ACTA CONSISTORII, Roman edicts, I.
128.
ACTA DIURNA, Roman gazette, I. 128.
AdVEON, in mythology, I. 129.
ACTA SANCTORUM, of the Bollandists,
iv. 1 8.
ACTA SENATUS, minutes of the Roman
senate, I. 129.
ACTA THOM^, apocryphal book, xxm.
308.
ACTE, peninsula, Macedonia, xv. 138.
ACTIAN GAMES, at Rome, i. 129; xvn.
490.
ACTIA NlCOPOLiS, town, ancient
Greece, xvn. 490.
ACTING, dramatic art, vn. 391, 396; IX.
202, 209.
ACTINIA, genus of animals, I. 129.
ACTINISM, property of solar rays, I.
129.
ACTINOLITE, mineral, xvi. 417.
ACTINOMETER, thermometer for solar
rays, I. 129.
ACTINOMYCOSIS, disease, xvm. 270 ;
in cattle, xxiv. 204.
ACTINOPHRYS, genus of Protozoa, xix.
845.
ACTINOSPH^ERIUM, genus of Protozoa,
xix. 845.
ACTINOTE, mineral, xvi. 417.
ACTINOZOA, group of animals, I. 129;
VI. 369; VII. 277, 283; their relation
to Hydrozoa, xn. 548 ; skeletal struc
ture of, xxn. 106.
ACTINURUS, genus of rotifers, xxi. 4.
ACTION, Chemical, v. 474.
, in law, i. 132; limitations of, xiv.
650; in Roman law, xx. 68 1, 707;
xix. 217.
, Least and varying, in mechanics,
xv. 723 ; in optics, xiv. 598.
, Mental, xx. 42.
ACTIUM, in ancient geography, I. 133 ;
battle of (31 B.C.), I. 418; xx. 769.
, Era of, v. 716.
ACTON, village, England, I, 133.
, Sir John F. E., Neapolitan com
mander, I. 133; IX. 79.
ACTORS, Dramatic, vn. 396; Chinese,
vii. 402 ; English, vii. 434, 437, 439 ;
Greek, vn. 408 ; Hindu, vn. 399 ;
Roman, vn. 411.
ACTS OF THE APOSTLES, i. 123; in.
644; XXII. 79; apocryphal, II. 184.
ACTS OF PETER AND PAUL, apocryphal
book, xvm. 696.
ACTUALITY, in psychology, xx. 55.
ACTUARIES, Institute of, their mortality
tables, xm. 170.
ACTUARY, i. 133.
ACULEATA, group of insects, xm.
148.
ACUNA, Christoval d', Spanish traveller,
I- 133-
, Juan de, Spanish viceroy of
Mexico, xvi. 219.
ACUPRESSURE, in surgery, I. 133.
ACUPUNCTURE, in surgery, i. 133;
xxn. 673.
ACUSIUM (Montelimar), ancient town,
France, xvi. 779.
ADAFUDIA, town, Western Africa, I.
133-
ADAGIA, work of Erasmus, vm. 517.
ADAH, wife of Lamech of Scripture,
xiv. 238.
ADAI KHOKH, mountain, Caucasus, v.
253-
ADAL, country, Eastern Africa, I. 134.
ADALBERO, archbishop of Rheims, xx.
508; xxn. 74.
ADALBERT, archbishop of Bremen and
Hamburg, I. 134.
, bishop of Prague, I. 134; xix.
286.
, marquises of Tuscany, xxm. 671.
ADALIA (Satali), town, Asia Minor, xxi.
317.
ADAM, of Scripture, I. 134; in relation
to Eve, vm. 733 ; Manichsean view of,
xv. 483.
, Life of, Jewish apocalyptic book,
n. 177.
of Bremen, ecclesiastical historian,
i. 138.
, Alexander, classical teacher, I.
139-
— , Melchior, German writer, I. 139;
xiv. 850.
— , Robert, Scottish architect, I. 139;
xiv. 850.
6
A D A — A D 0
ADAM, William, Scottish politician, I.
139-
DE LA HALLE, early French
writer, IX. 642.
ADAMANTIUS, on physiognomy, xix. 4.
ADAMAS, diamond, vn. 162.
ADAMAWA, or Adamaua, country, Cen
tral Africa, I. 140, 272; xxn. 248,
278, 279.
GROUP, of Negroes, xvn. 319.
ADAM BLAIR, Lockhart's novel, xiv.
763-
ADAMIANS, heretical sect, I. 140.
ADAMITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
ADAMITES, heretical sect, i. 140.
ADAMNAN, Scottish saint and author, i.
140; viii. 405; xxi. 540.
ADAMS, John, president of United
States, I. 141; xxill. 755; champions
Declaration of Independence, xxill.
743-
, John, Pitcairn Islander, XIX. 132.
, John Couch, his share in the dis
covery of the planet Neptune, 1 1. 813;
his logarithmic formulae, xiv. 778.
, John Quincy, president of United
States, I. 142; xxill. 762; as a poet,
I. 722.
, Richard, English divine, I. 143.
, Samuel, American statesman, I.
143-
, Thomas, English Puritan divine,
I. 143.
, William, first Englishman in Japan,
xin. 584.
ADAM'S BRIDGE, chain of sandbanks,
Ceylon, I. 140; v. 359; xx. 266.
ADAM'S DAUGHTERS, Book of, Jewish
apocalyptic book, II. 177.
ADAM'S NEEDLE, plant, xxiv. 760.
ADAMSON, Patrick, archbishop of St
Andrews, I. 143; XXI. 507.
ADAM'S PEAK, mountain, Ceylon, I.
140; v. 359.
ADANA, town, Asiatic Turkey, I. 144;
v. 777; province, XXIII. 653.
ADANGME, dialect, Gold Coast, Africa,
x. 756.
ADANSON, Michel, French naturalist,
I. 144.
ADAPIS, genus of extinct lemurs, xiv.
444-
ADAPTATION, in biology, i. 145.
ADARBAIJAN, or Azerbijan, province,
Persia, in. 167; xvm. 626.
ADDA, river, Italy, i. 145; xm. 435.
ADDANKI, town, Nellore, India, XVII.
321.
ADD AX, kind of antelope, II. 101.
ADDER, reptile, I. 145; xxiv. 247; death
adder, xxn. 198.
ADDINGTON, Henry, English prime
minister, I. 145; viii. 363; his relations
with Pitt, XIX. 146.
ADDISON, Joseph, English essayist and
poet, I. 146; his place in English
literature, viii. 425, 427; as drama
tist, VII. 435; his essays on the ima
gination, I. 222 ; his hymns, XII. 592 ;
his relations with Pope, xix. 484; his
connexion with Steele, xxn. 527.
ADDISON, Thomas, English physician,
xv. 817.
ADDISON'S DISEASE, xvni. 384; xxn.
122.
ADDITION, in algebra, I. 520; in arith
metic, II. 527, 534.
ADEL, country, Eastern Africa, I. 1 50.
ADELAAR, Cort Sivartsen, naval com-
.mander, I. 150.
ADELAIDE, town, South Australia, i. 151;
xxii. 284; observatory at, xvn. 717;
university of, xxill. 856.
, wife of William IV. of England,
xxiv. 581.
— , wife of emperor Otto I., x. 483.
ISLAND, Antarctic regions, xix.
33°-
ADELHEID, queen of Italy, xin. 469.
ADELINA LONGA, station, AVest Africa,
xvn. 733.
ADELM (Aldhelm, q.v.), St, bishop of
Sherborne, I. 474.
ADELPHI, Terence's play, xxin. 187.
ADELSBERG, town, Austria, i. 151.
ADELUNG, Friedrich von, German philo
logist, i. 151.
, Johann Christoph, German philo
logist, I. 151.
ADEN, town, Arabia, I. 152.
., Gulf of, xx. 316.
ADENOMA, glandular tumour, xvni.
379; xxii. 687.
ADERNO, town, Sicily, I. 152.
ADERSBACH ROCKS, Germany, i. 153.
ADFOO, town, Egypt, vil. 783.
ADGHAGH PLATEAU, Sahara, Africa,
xxi. 149.
ADHEMAR, bishop of Puy, crusader, vi.
624, 626.
ADHERBAL, Numidian prince, xin. 766.
ADHESION, in physics, I. 153; causing
capillary action, v. 56.
ADHESIVENESS, in phrenology, xvni.
844-
ADIABATIC COMPRESSION, xi. 570.
EXPANSION, of gases, xn. 480;
xxii. 480; of steam, xxn. 485,
ADIABENE, in Assyria, xvni. 605.
ADIAPHORISTS, ADIAPHORISTIC CON
TROVERSY, i. 153; xv. 834.
ADIB SABIR, Persian writer, xvni. 658.
ADIGE, river, Austria and Italy, I. 153;
in. 117; xin. 436.
ADI GRANTH, sacred book of the
Sikhs, xx. no.
ADIL SHAH, Persian sovereign, xvni.
643-
ADINIDA, order of Protozoa, xix. 859.
ADINOLE, mineral, xvi. 419.
ADIPOCERE, i. 153.
ADIPOSE TISSUE, i. 154, 851.
ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS, New York,
U.S.A., i. 154; xvn. 450; xxin. 792.
ADIT, drainage tunnel in a mine, I. 154;
xvi. 457 ; in tunnelling, xxill. 622.
ADITI, in Hindu mythology, II. 739;
xvn. 152.
ADJUDICATION, in law, i. 154; in
Roman law, xx. 690.
ADJUSTMENT, in commerce, I. 1 54.
ADJUTAGE, delivery tube for liquids,
i. 154.
ADJUTANT, military officer, i. 1 54.
, bird, I. 154; xin. 529.
ADJYGURH, town, India, i. 1 54.
ADLER, Kaspar (Aquila), German
theologian, II. 230.
ADLERBETH, Gudmund Goran, Swed
ish writer, xxn. 756.
ADMENSURATIO, obsolete English writ,
xxiv. 694.
ADMETUS, chieftain of Epirus, vin.
484.
ADMINISTRATION, in government, XL
16; in intestacy, xin. 197.
ADMINISTRATOR, in law, i. 154; vm.
800.
ADMIRABLE CRICHTON, vi. 577.
ADMIRAL, naval officer, i. 154; xvn.
291 ; of the fleet, I. 155.
, Lord High, of England, I. 155;
xxn. 458.
ADMIRALTY, Black Book of the, xxi.
584.
, British Board of, I. 157; xvn. 292.
— , First Lords of the, xvi. 474; list
of, i. 156.
-, High Court of, I. 158; vice-
admiralty courts, I. 160; xxi. 607.
— , Secretaries of the, list of, I. 158.
— CHARTS, i. 162; xvn. 263.
— DEPARTMENTS, of different
countries, I. 158.
— ISLAND, United States, I. 162.
ISLANDS, Pacific Ocean, I. 162; xv.
835-
ADNA - MUORKI - KORTJE, waterfall,
Sweden, xxn. 737.
ADOLF, count of Nassau, emperor, x.
493; xvn. 239.
ADOLPHUS, John, English historian, I.
162.
, John Leycester, his letters on the
authorship of Waverley, I. 162.
FREDERICK, king of Sweden, xxn.
ADOMNAN (Aclamnan, q.v.\ St, I. 140.
ADON, Semitic god-name, xxin. 237.
ADONIS, of Greek legend, I. 163; xiv.
678.
— , genus of plants, I. 163.
, river, Syria, I. 163.
ADOPTIAN CONTROVERSY (8th cen
tury), i. 163.
ADOPTIANISTS (3d century), xxi. 127.
ADOPTION, in law, I. 163; in Roman
law, xx. 672, 713.
, Biblical term, I. 164.
ADORATION, i. 164.
ADOUR, river, France, I. 164; XX. 126.
A D O — M S C
ADOWA, town, Abyssinia, I. 164, 64.
ADRA, town, Spain, i. 164.
ADRAMYTTIUM, town, Asia Minor,
XVII. 122.
ADRASTUS, in Greek legend, I. 164.
ADRIA, town, Italy, I. 164.
, part of Mediterranean, I. 165.
ADRIAN, or Hadrian, Eoman emperor,
xi. 363.
I.-V., popes, I. 165.
VI., pope, I. 1 66.
, town, Michigan, U.S.A., I. 165.
of Utrecht, regent in Spain (Pope
Adrian VI.), xxn. 328.
DE CASTELLO, cardinal, i. 166.
ADRIANI, Giovanni Battista, Florentine
historian, I. 166.
, Marcello Virgilio, Florentine chan
cellor, xv. 146.
ADRIANOPLE, province, Turkey in
Europe, xxni. 653.
, town, Turkey, I. 166; battle of
(378), xxiv. 36; treaty of (1829), xxi.
20; xxii. 590; xxm. 650.
ADRIATIC SEA, i. 166; xv. 820; under
protection of Venice, xxiv. 142.
ADROGATION, in Koman law, i. 163;
xx. 672.
ADRUMETUM, ancient town, North
Africa, XI. 366.
ADULARIA, mineral, xvi. 419.
ADULE, or Adulis, ancient town, Eastern
Africa, I. 166; xxiv. 826.
ADULLAM, Cave of, i. 166.
ADULTERATION, i. 167 ; of beer, iv.
273; of butter, IV. 591; of coffee, VI.
114; of honey, XII. 137; of linseed,
XIV. 677 ; of milk, XVI. 305 ; of oils,
xvii. 745, 748; of opium, xvn. 790,
792; of perfumery, xvill. 527; of silk,
xxn. 64; of tea, xxm. 100; of wine,
xvii. 795; xxiv. 603.
ADULTERY, i. 177; in Koman law, xx.
675 ; divorce for, VI I. 301.
ADUR, river, England, xxn. 723.
ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING, Bacon's
work, in. 210.
ADVENT, in the calendar, I. 177.
ADVENTISTS, American religious sect,
xvi. 320.
ADVENTURES OF PHILIP, Thackeray's,
xxm. 216.
ADVERBS, in grammar, XL 41.
ADVERSUS GENTES, Arnobius's treatise,
ii. 625.
ADVERTISEMENT, i. 177.
ADVOCATE, legal pleader, 1.178; Roman,
xviii. 413.
ADVOCATE-GENERAL, Admiralty, 1. 161.
ADVOCATES, Faculty of, in Scotland, i.
179; xiii. 91.
ADVOCATES' LIBRARY, Edinburgh, xiv.
522.
AD VOCATION, in Scots law, I. 179.
ADVOWSON, in English law, I. 179;
simoniacal sale of, xxii. 85 ; in reign
of Henry II., VIII. 305.
ADYAR, suburb of Madras, xv. 189.
ADYTUM, of temple, i. 179; xxm. 166.
ADZE, edge-tool, XL 437.
/E, diphthong, I. 179.
/EACUS, in mythology, i. 179.
ALEUTIAN LAW, Roman, xx. 696.
AED, Irish king, xni. 250.
— , Laws of, Scotland, xxi. 478.
AEDAN, or Aidan, bishop of Lindisfarne,
I. 424; xni. 249.
/EDILE, Roman public officer, I. 180;
xxm. 557; xx. 738, 771.
/EETES, in Greek legend, II. 496.
/EGADES, or zEgates, islands, west of
Sicily, i. 1 80; xxn. 31.
ALGJE, or Edessa, ancient town, Mace
donia, vii. 652; xv. 137.
/Ec^EON, in Greek mythology, IV. 277.
AGATES, islands, Sicily, I. 180; xxn.
31 ; battle near (241 B.C.), XL 410.
/EGEAN SEA, Mediterranean, i. 180; xv.
820; archipelago of, II. 381.
/EGEID.E, Greek clan, xix. 98.
/EGERINE, mineral, xvi. 416.
/EGEUS, in Greek legend, I. 180; xxm.
294.
/EGIALITIS, genus of birds, xiv. 76.
/EciDius (Giles), St, x. 595.
/EGILIA, island, Greece, v. 346.
/EGINA, in mythology, I. 180.
, island, Greece, I. 180; coins of,
xvii. 642 ; sculptures of, II. 350, 352.
/EGINETA, Paulus, Greek surgeon, I. 181;
xv. 804.
/EGIS, in mythology, I. 181; XXI. 135.
/EGISTHUS, in Greek legend, I. 181.
/EGITHALUS, genus of birds, xxm.
419.
/EGITHOGNATHOUS TYPE, of birds, III.
715; xviii. 35.
/EGOSPOTAMI, river, Thrace, I. 182;
battle of (405 B.C.), XL 102; xxm.
222.
ALFRED, or Alfred, the Great, English
king, I. 506; vin. 283, 285.
/ELFRIC, old English writer, I. 182; vin.
371, 406; his Heptateuch, vin. 382.
yELiA CAPITOLINA, or ^Elia, a name of
Jerusalem, I. 182; xni. 636.
/ELLE INSULT, Lipari Islands, I. 182.
/E LI ANUS, Casperius, avenger of Domi-
tian, xvii. 353.
, Claudius (Julian), Roman writer,
I. 182; on birds, xviii. 3.
/ELIUS CALLUS, his Arabian expedition,
II. 257; xxiv. 739.
/ELIUS LAMPRIDIUS, Augustan his
torian, in. 74.
/ELius SPARTIANUS, Augustan historian,
in. 74.
/ELIUS THEON, his rhetoric, xx. 514.
./ELLA, king of Deira, England, xvii.
569.
/ELUROIDEA, section of Carnivora, xv.
434-
/EMILIUS, Paulus, Italian historian, I.
182.
/EMILIUS PAULUS, Lucius, Roman
general, xviii. 435.
/EMONA (Laibach), ancient town, Austria,
xiv. 215.
/ENACHS, ancient Irish fairs, IV. 253.
/ENARIA (Ischia), island, Italy, xni. 385.
TINEAS, in classical legend, I. 182.
— SYLVIUS, Pope Pius II., xix. 152,
5°3-
/ENEID, Virgil's epic, xxiv. 253.
/ENESIDEMUS, Alexandrian sceptic, xxi.
380.
/ENOS, Mount, Cephalonia, v. 344.
/EOLIA, or ^Eolis, country, Asia Minor,
I. 182.
ALOLUE INSULT (/Eolian Islands), Medi
terranean, i. 182; xiii. 441; xiv. 682;
xxii. 31.
/EOLIAN HARP, musical instrument, I.
182.
/EOLIANS, ancient people, Greece, XL 90.
/EoLic DIALECT, of Greek, XL 132.
/EoLis, country, Asia Minor, I. 182;
coins of, xvii. 646.
/EOLOPILE, ancient heat engine, in. 839;
xxn. 473.
/EOLOSOMA, genus of worms, xxiv. 679.
/EOLOTROPY, vii. 804; magnetic, xv.
243-
/EOLUS, in mythology, I. 183.
/EON, space of time, I. 183.
/EONS, of Gnosticism, x. 701 ; of the
Manda3ans, xv. 468; of Valentinus,
xxiv. 39.
/EPINUS, Franz Maria, German chemist,
i. 183; his electrical researches, VIII.
8.
/EPYORNIS, extinct bird, xv. 171.
/EPYORNITHES, order of birds, xym.
44-
/EPYPRYMNUS, genusof marsupials, xni.
840.
/EQUI, or /Equians, ancient people, Italy,
i. 183; xni. 445; xx. 739, 742.
/ERARIANS, class of citizens, ancient
Rome, i. 183.
/ERARIUM, Roman treasury, I. 183.
AERATED BREAD, in. 255.
AERATED WATERS, i. 184.
AEROE, island, Denmark, I. 184.
AEROLITE, i. 184; xvi. 108.
AERONAUTICAL SOCIETY, i. 202.
AERONAUTICS, i. 185; electric motors in,
xxni. 496.
AEROPHORES, for mines, vi. 73.
AERO-PLANES, for flying machines, ix.
3i9> 322.
AEROSTAT, Henson's, ix. 322.
AEROSTATICS, AEROSTATION, ix. 308;
in the Dark Ages, I. 185; works on,
i. 207.
/ERTSZEN, Pieter, Dutch painter, I. 208.
/ERULI, ancient German tribe, XL 774.
ALs, metal, money, I. 208; xvi. 726;
xvn. 637, 652.
/ESCHINES, Athenian philosopher, I.
208.
8
M S C — A G A
/ESCHINES, Greek orator, I. 208; vu.
70.
/ESCHNID/E, family of insects, VU. 385.
/EscHYLUS, Greek tragedian, i. 208;
VII. 405; XI. 140; his place in poetry,
xix. 268.
/ESCHYNITE, mineral, xvi. 427.
/ESCULAPIUS, god of healing, I. 209; vi.
444; xv. 799.
AESCULAPIUS'S SNAKE, xxn. 194.
/ESCULUS, genus of trees, XII. 205.
/ESERNIA (Isernia), ancient town, Italy,
xin. 386; xxi. 249.
/EsiR, gods of the Northmen, I. 209;
vii. 650.
/Esis, or ^Esium (Jesi), ancient town,
Italy, xili. 644.
/Esop, Greek fabulist, I. 211; in. 181,
vill. 837; Syriac translation of his
fables, xxn. 850.
, Greek historian, I. 212.
/EsOPUS, Clodius, Roman actor, I.
212; vn. 412.
/ESTHACYTES, sense-cells, in sponges.
xxn. 420.
/ESTHESIOMETER, for measuring sensi
tiveness of touch, xxin. 480.
/ESTHETIC FEELINGS, XX. 70.
/ESTHETICS, I. 212; xvin. 795 ; in rela-
to the fine arts, IX. 194; the name
due to Baumgarten, ill. 447 ; Herbart
on, XI. 720; Hutcheson on, xn. 411;
Kant on, xin. 852.
ESTIVATION, of animals, XL 787; of
plants, IV. 13.
AETAS, aborigines of the Philippines,
xvin. 752.
AETH, town, Belgium, n. 827.
/ETHALEIA (Lemnos), island, /Egean
Sea, xiv. 436.
^ETHELBERHT (Ethelbert), king of
Kent, vni. 278, 567.
/ETHELFRITH (Ethelfrith), king of
Northumberland, vm. 271, 278; xvn.
569.
/ETHELINGS, Saxon princes, vni. 289;
xvin. 302.
/ETHELNOTH (Agelnoth), archbishop of
Canterbury, I. 279.
/ETHELRED, Saxon king of England,
vni. 286, 567.
/ETHELSTAN, Saxon king of England,
ii. 830; vni. 285.
/ETHELWULF, Saxon king of England,
VIII. 568.
AETHER, in interstellar space, vni. 568.
, of pharmacy, vni. 568.
/ETHIOPIA (Ethiopia, q.v.), country,
Africa, vni. 611.
/ETHIOPICA, Greek romance by Helio-
dorus, XL 632; XX. 635.
/ETHRA, of Greek legend, xxin. 294.
/ETIOLOGY, in biology, in. 688; its
relation to pathology, xvin. 361 ; of
parasitism, xvin. 262; of sponges,
xxn. 426.
AETION, Greek painter, I. 224.
AETIUS, founder of Arian sect, I. 224.
, Greek physician, I. 225; XV. 804.
, Roman general, I. 224; xx. 781;
xxiv. 37.
/ETNA (Etna), volcano, Sicily, vni.
627.
AETOBATIS, genus of fishes, xx. 300.
/ETOLIA, province, Greece, I. 225 ; coins
of, xvii. 642.
/ETOLIAN LEAGUE, i. 225; XL 107.
/ETOLIANS, people of Messenia, Greece,
xvi. 53.
AETOMORPHjE, group of birds, ill. 713.
/Ex, genus of birds, xxin. 105.
AFANASIEF, Aleksandr Nikolaevich,
Russian writer, I. 225.
AFARS, people of Central Africa, xxn.
255.
AFER, Domitius, Roman orator, I. 225;
xx. 187.
AFFECTIONS, The, in Butler's philo
sophy, iv. 586; Stoic doctrine of, xxn.
567. See also Ethics.
AFFIDAVIT, in law, i. 226.
AFFILIATION, in law, in. 426; xv.
779-
AFFINITY, or relationship, I. 226;
systems of, IX. 22.
, Chemical, I. 226, 153; v. 463, 464,
473-
AFFIRMATION, in place of oath, i. 226;
xvn. 701.
AFFONSO (Alphonso) I., king of Por
tugal, I. 618; xix. 540.
- II., of Portugal, i. 618; xix. 541.
III., of Portugal, i. 618; xix. 542.
- IV., of Portugal, I. 618; xix. 543.
V., of Portugal I. 618; xix. 544.
VI., of Portugal, I. 618; xix. 548.
AFFRE, Denis Auguste, archbishop of
Paris, I. 226.
AFGHANISTAN, i. 227; n. 685, 694; con
quest of, by Alexander, I. 483 ; policy
of Ellenborough towards, vni. 146;
relations with India, xn. 807, 811;
with Persia, xvin. 648; Ghur terri
tory in, I. 231; X. 569.
AFGHANS, in India, xn. 792.
AFGHAN TURKESTAN, i. 241.
AFGHAN WAR, of 1839, xn. 807; of
1878, xn. 811.
AFlUM-KARA-HlSSAR, town, Asiatic
Turkey, I. 244; xiv. 2.
AFNU, language, Central Africa, xn.
318-
AFRAGOLA, town, Italy, i. 244.
AFRANIUS, Lucius, Latin poet, I. 244.
, Lucius, Roman consul, I. 244.
AFRICA, I. 245 ; ancient geography of, x.
14; xiv. 551; Ptolemy's geography
of, xx. 95 ; ancient, conquest of by
Vandals, xxiv. 58 ; coalfields, vi. 58 ;
diamond mines, vn. 164; XL 204;
xxin. 518; explorations of, x. 182, 188,
194; xvn. 498, 504; xxiv. 763; by
Barth, in. 401; by Bruce, IV. 393;
by Livingstone, xiv. 720; by Mun-
zinger, xvn. 33; by Park, xvin.
297 ; by Speke and Grant, xxn. 390 ;
flora, vn. 289; forests, IX. 407; fresh
water fishes, XII. 672 ; gold, X. 744 ;
languages, xvin. 778, 780; xxi. 643,
654; dictionaries of languages, vn.
192; Christian missions, xvi. 517;
Negro race in, xvn. 316; oases, xvn.
695; rainfall, xvi. 153; religions, XX.
362; slave trade in, xxn. 143.
AFRICA, Petrarch's Latin poem, xvin.
711.
, South, birds of, XVin. 16.
AFRICAN RACE, in United States, xxin.
821.
AFRICANUS, Julius, church historian,
i. 273.
AFSOS, Slier Ali, Hindustani writer, XL
849.
AFTER-EFFECT, in magnetism, xv. 258.
AFTER-GLOW, in twilight, xxin. 674.
AFZELIUS, Adam, Swedish naturalist,
I. 273.
, Arwid August, Swedish historian,
I. 273.
AGA, Turkish title, I. 273.
AGADAH, of the Jewish Midrash, xvi.
285, 503; xxin. 36.
AGADES, town, Central Africa, I. 273;
xvn. 695.
AGADIR, town, Algeria, xxin. 422.
, town, Morocco, xvi. 831.
AGALMATOLITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
AGAMAS, sacred books of the Jains, xin.
544-
AGAMEMNON, in Greek legend, i. 273;
XL 92; xvn. 827.
, drama of /Eschylus, I. 209.
AGAMI, bird, xxin. 594.
AGAMID^E, family of lizards, xiv. 733,
736.
AGAMOGENESIS, in biology, in. 686; of
insects, XIII. 146.
AGAN, town, Ladrone Islands, xiv.
200.
AGAPE, love feast, i. 274.
AGAPETUS I., pope, xix. 493.
II., pope, xx. 788.
, Byzantine writer, I. 274.
AGAPORNIS, genus of birds, XV. 28.
AGARDE, Arthur, English antiquary, I.
274.
AGAR-ELLIS, G. J. W., Lord Dover, vii.
381.
AGARICUS, mushroom, IX. 832 ; xvn.
74-
AGARISTE, Wooing of, at Sicyon, xxn. 32.
AGARPARA, town, India, xxin. 673.
AGASIAS, Greek sculptor, I. 274.
AGASSIZ, Louis John Rudolph, naturalist,
I. 274; his classification of animals,
xxiv. 810; of fishes, xn. 634; on
Echinodermata, n. 52; on naturaliza
tion, I. 84; on the origin of man, n.
1 10.
AGATE, stone, i. 277; xvi. 389; xvn.
776.
A G A — A G U
9
AGATHARCHIDES, Greek grammarian,
i. 278.
AGATHARCHUS, Greek painter, i. 278.
AGATHIAS, Greek historian and poet, I.
278; ii. 103; iv. 612.
AGATHI ISLAND, Laccadives, xiv. 183.
AGATHO, Greek tragedian, I. 278.
AGATHOCLES, tyrant of Syracuse, I. 278;
xxn. 20, 8 1 6.
AGATHYRSIANS, people of Transylvania,
xxi. 575.
AGAVE, American aloe, I. 597; xn. 262.
SlSALENSlS, sisal-hemp plant,
xxiv. 758.
AGAW, or Agow, Abyssinian language,
I. 64; xxi. 655.
AGDE, town, France, I. 278.
AGDISTIS, mother of the gods, XVI II.
691.
AGE, I. 278; its influence on suicide,
xxn. 631 ; proportion of, in popula
tion, xix. 515; longevity, xiv. 857.
AGEING, in calico-printing, IV. 687.
AGELADAS, Greek sculptor, I. 279; n.
350; xviii. 734.
AGELNOTH, archbishop of Canterbury,
I. 279.
AGEMA, Macedonian cavalry, xv. 140.
AGEN, town, France, I. 279.
AGENARDUS (Eginhard), biographer of
Charlemagne, vn. 697.
AGENCY, in law, i. 280.
AGENDA, liturgical service book, Xiv.
710.
AGENT, in diplomacy, commerce, and
law, I. 280; in partnership, xvin.
330.
— DE CHANGE, in France, I. 281.
AGE OF REASON, Paine's, xvin. 136.
ACER PUBLICUS, Roman public lands,
i. 289; xx. 673.
AGESANDER, Rhodian sculptor, xiv. 293.
AGESILAUS,king of Sparta, I. 281 ; xvm.
577-
AGEUSIA, disease (loss of taste), xxm.
So.
AGGLUTINATIVE LANGUAGES, XL 39;
xvi. 749; xvin. 774.
AGGREGATE COMBINATIONS, in me
chanics, xv. 762.
AGGREGATION, States of, in physics, i.
282.
AGGTELEK, cave, Hungary, i. 420; xn.
362.
AGHA, Turkish title, i. 273.
- MUHAMMAD, shah of Persia,
xvm. 645.
AGHLABITES, African Moslem dynasty,
xvi. 579.
AGHRIM, Ireland, Battle of (1691), I.
282.
AGILULF, king of the Lombards, xiv.
815.
AGINCOURT, or Azincourt, Battle of
(1415), i. 282; vni. 320; ix. 549.
AGIO, in commerce, I. 283.
AGIS, kings of Sparta, I. 283.
AGISTMENT, Tithe of, i. 283.
AGISYAMBA, African country, in Pto
lemy's geography, xx. 95.
AGLAOPHAMUS, Lobeck's work, xvn.
124.
AGLY, river, France, xx. 128.
AGMONDESHAM (Amersham), town,
England, I. 735.
AGNANO, lake, Italy, i. 283.
AGNATES, in Roman law, I. 283; xx.
688.
AGNESI, Maria Gaetana, Italian mathe
matician, i. 283.
, Maria Teresa, Italian musician, I.
284.
AGNI, Hindu god of fire, xn. 780; xxi.
276.
AGNOET/E, heretical sect, I. 284.
AGNOIOLOGY, theory of ignorance, IX.
1 10.
AGNOLO, Baccio d', Florentine sculptor,
I. 284.
— DA SIENA, Italian architect, I. 285;
xxn. 39, 44.
AGNONE, town, Italy, i. 284; tablet
found at, XIII. 446.
AGNOSTICISM, Kantian, xvin. 794;
xxm. 246; in modern theology, xxm.
249.
AGNUS DEI, i. 284.
AGOBARD, archbishop of Lyons, I. 284.
.AGOLANTI, Sandro di Giovanni, glass
paintings of, x. 670.
AGONA, Carnival sports of the, Rome, v.
122.
AGONALIA, Roman festivals, I. 284.
AGONIC LINES, in magnetism, I. 284.
AGONOSTOMA, genus of fishes, xvn. 18.
AGONOTHETA, superintendent of Greek
games, I. 284.
AGORA, Greek market place, I. 285 ; of
Athens, in. 2, 8 ; Olympian, XVII.
769.
AGORACRITUS, Greek sculptor, n. 356.
AGORANOMOl, Greek magistrates, I. 285.
AGORATUS, Lysias's speech against, xv.
119.
AGORDO, town, Italy, i. 285.
AGOSTA, town, Sicily, I. 285.
AGOSTINI, Leonardo, Italian antiquary,
i. 285.
AGOSTINO, Paolo, Italian musician, I.
285.
— DA SlENA, Italian architect, I. 285.
- VENEZIANO, Italian engraver, xv.
AGOUTI, genus of rodent mammals, 1. 285.
AGRA, division and district, North-
Western Provinces, India, I. 285; xvn.
572 ; town, I. 286.
AGRAM, town, Austria, i. 287; vi. 592 ;
university of, xxm. 852.
AGRAPHIA, disease, n. 171.
AGRARIAN LAWS, Roman, i. 287; xiv.
261; xx. 737, 757, 759, 765, 767.
AGREDA, town, Spain, i. 289.
AGREEMENT, in law, vi. 322.
AGRET, town, Asiatic Russia, xxn. 821.
AGRICOLA, Christoph Ludwig, German
painter, I. 290.
, Cna3us Julius, Roman general, I.
289 ; in Britain, IV. 353 ; his invasion
of Caledonia, IV. 663 ; XXI. 47 1 ; life
of, by Tacitus, XXIII. 20.
, Georg, German mineralogist, I. 290.
, Johannes, German Reformer, I.
290; II. 129.
, Johann Friedrich, German musi
cian, I. 290.
, Rudolphus, German scholar, I.
290.
AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS ACT, of
1875 (English), Xiv. 275 ; of 1883, XX.
306.
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES, i. 305 ; list
of, xxn. 227.
AGRICULTURE, i. 291 ; effects of foreign
competition on, VI. 414 ; Arthur
Young's contributions to knowledge of,
xxiv. 755; small farms, I. 412; XIV.
268.
AGRICULTURISTS, Education of, i. 408.
AGRI-DAGH, mountains, Transcaucasia,
xxm. 514.
AGRIGENTUM (Girgenti), ancient town,
Sicily, I. 417; XVill. 729; XXII. 15, 16.
AGRIONIA, Greek festival, I. 417; vn.
249.
AGRlONlDjE, family of insects, vn. 385.
AGRIPPA, sceptical philosopher, xxi.
380.
, Henry Cornelius, German philo
sopher, I. 418.
, Herod, king of Judaea, I. 417; Xlli.
426.
— , Herod, II., king of Chalcis, I. 41$;
Xlli. 426.
-, Marcus Vipsanius, Roman general,
I. 418.
AGRIPPINA, wife of Germanicus, I. 419.
— , mother of Nero, I. 419; xvi I. 347.
AGROTERAS THUSIA, Greek festival, i.
420.
AGTELEK, village and cave, Hungary, I.
420; xn. 362.
AGUA, Volcano do, Central America, I.
420.
AGUADO, Alexander Maria, Jewish
banker, I. 420.
AGUARICO, river, Ecuador, vn. 646.
AGUAS CALIENTES, town, Mexico, i. 420;
xvi. 214; state, xvi. 214.
AGUE, disease, ix. 126; xv. 316; xvin.
394-
AGUESSEAU, Henry Frangois d', French
chancellor and author, vi. 761; ix.
670.
ACUILAR, Grace, English authoress, I.
420.
— DE LA FRONTERA, town, Spain,
i. 420.
AGUILLON, Frangois d' (Aguilonius),
mathematician, I. 420; on binocular
vision, XXII. 537.
XXV. — 2
10
A G U — A J M
AGUIRRA, Josef Saenz d', Spanish writer,
I. 420.
AGULHAS, Cape, South Africa, I. 420.
: CURRENT, xn. 822; xvn. 276.
AGULIANS, Caucasian tribe, xiv. 475.
AGUSAN, river, Philippine Islands, xvm.
752.
AGYLLA, or Caere, town, Etruria, iv.
632; viii. 635.
AHA, bishop of Seleucia, Syriac writer,
xxn. 829.
AHAB, king of Israel, I. 420; vin. 134;
XIH. 406.
AHAGGAR, plateau, Sahara, Africa, xxi.
149.
AH ALA, Roman family, I. 421.
AHALKALAKI, town, Transcaucasia,
Russia, xxm. 514.
AHAMS, race of people, Assam, n. 718;
xn. 791.
AHANTA, territory, Gold Coast, Africa,
I. 421.
AHASUERUS, king of Persia, i. 421; vm.
560.
, the Wandering Jew, xni. 673.
AHAZ, king of Judah, I. 422 ; xm. 412.
AHAZIAH, king of Israel, i. 422.
AHENOBARBUS, Roman family, i. 422.
AHIRS, tribe, India, xvm. 72; xv. 303.
AHITHOPHEL, of Scripture, i. 422.
AHL HADR, settled Arabs, ii. 249.
AHMAD, Sayyid, Hindu Wahhabist, xi.
849-
AHMADABAD, district and town, British
India, i. 422.
AHMAD KHAN BAHADUR, Urdu writer,
xi. 850.
AHMADNAGAR, district and town, British
India, I. 423.
AHMED I., Turkish sultan, xxm. 644.
- II., sultan, xxm. 646.
— III., sultan, i. 97; xxm. 646.
- KHAN, Mongol ruler, xvi. 748;
xxi. 91.
PASHA, Turkish vizier and poet,
xxm. 656.
PASHA, Turkish vizier, xxm. 645.
SHAH, Afghan ruler, I. 239, 424;
xii. 796.
B. TuLUN, founder of an Egyptian
dynasty, xvi. 586.
AHOMS, Shan tribe, Burmah, xxi. 773.
AHR, river, Germany, xx. 20, 519.
AHRIMAN, Zoroastrian principle of evil,
1.424; vn. 136; xvn. 858; xxm. 238;
xxiv. 822.
AHTS, American race, Mythology of,
xvii. 148.
AHUACHAPAN, town, San Salvador,
Central America, xxi. 268.
AHUDHEMMEH, Syriac writer, xxn.
834-
AHUITZOTL, ancient Mexican ruler, xvi.
210.
AHURA-MAZDA, or Ormuzd (q.v.\ Zoro
astrian principle of good, XVIII. 327;
xxm. 238; xxiv. 822.
AHWAZ, town, Persia, I. 424.
Al, three-toed sloth, xxn. 162.
-, town, Palestine, I. 424.
AlBUGHlR, gulf, Sea of Aral, XXIII. 634.
AIDAN, St, bishop of Lindisfarne, I. 424;
xin. 249; xxi. 475.
•, ancient Scottish king, I. 424.
AIDE-DE-CAMP, military officer, I. 425.
AIDIN, town, Asiatic Turkey, I. 425;
province, XXIII. 653.
AIDS, feudal tribute, I. 425.
TO REFLECTION, Coleridge's work,
VI. 138.
AIGUILLE DU MIDI, mountain, France,
xni. 385.
AIKEN, town, South Carolina, U.S.A.,
xxii. 288.
AIKENHEAD, David, Leighton's epi
gram on, xiv. 427.
AIKIN, John, English writer, I. 425.
-, Lucy, English writer, I. 425.
AIKINITE, mineral, xvi. 395.
AIKMAN, William, Scottish portrait
painter, I. 425.
AILANTHUS SILKWORM, xxn. 60; silk
from, XIV. 216.
AILANTO, tree, n. 320.
AILLY, Pierre d', French cardinal, X.
549; xvn. 132; xx. 320; xxi. 431.
AILRED, English historian, I. 425.
AILSA CRAIG, rock, Firth of Clyde, I.
426.
AiLURiDjE, family of Carnivora, xv.
441.
AIME, G., on the temperature of the
Mediterranean, xv. 823.
AIN, department, France, I. 426.
-, river, France, xni. 782; xx. 528.
AINAD, town, Arabia, I. 426.
AlNE-CLlACH, ancient division, Ireland,
xiv. 649.
AlNHARDUS (Eginhard), biographer of
Charlemagne, vii. 697.
AINMULLER, Maximilian Emmanuel,
German glass-painter, I. 426.
AlNOS, tribe, Japan, I. 426; xm. 581;
their language, xni. 586; dictionary
of, VII. 192; in Saghalin, xxi. 147.
AINSWORTH, Henry, English divine, I.
426; xii. 724.
, Michael, Shaftesbury's letters to,
xxi. 732.
, Robert, author of Latin Dic
tionary, I. 427.
AlNTAB, town, Syria, I. 427.
AlR, I. 427; ill. 28, 381; xvi. 114; XIX.
240; xxiv. 157; constituents of, ill.
32 ; measurement of density of, ill.
381; expansion of, xii. 480; experi
ments on, by Cavendish, v. 272 ; flow
of, in pipes, xii. 490; force of, under
compression, vin. 209 ; geological
influences of, x. 264; in relation to
health, xii. 567 ; use of hot in fur
naces, IX. 846; measurement of
humidity in, xii. 569 ; impurities in,
xxiv. 157; navigation of, I. 187;
physical properties of, in. 28; XIX
240; purification of, by fire, I. 120;
as medium of conveying sound, I.
100; sound waves in, xxiv. 418;
temperature of$ at different elevations,
I. 196; temperature of, over open sea,
xvi. 117; thermometric properties of,
XI. 574; diffusion of aqueous vapour
in, vin. 729 ; errors from weighing
in, xxiv. 478; weight of, ill. 28, 32.
AIR, country, Central Africa, I. 429;
XVII. 695.
, mountain, Sahara, Africa, xxi. 149.
- AND FIRE, Scheele's treatise on,
xxi. 388.
AIRAY, Henry, Puritan divine, I. 430.
AIR BLAST, in forging, IX. 412; in iron
smelting, xm. 290.
AIRDRIE, town, Scotland, I. 430.
AIRE, river, England, I. 430.
, town, Landes, France, I. 430.
— , town, Pas-de-Calais, France, I.
430; XVlll. 340.
AlRECHT, ancient Irish court, IV. 254.
AIREDALE COLLEGE, Bradford, Eng
land, iv. 197.
AIR-ENGINE, i. 428; xxn. 522.
AIR-GUN, i. 428.
AlROLO, town, Switzerland, xxm. 351.
AIR-PUMP, i. 429; xvi. 30; xix. 246;
Guericke's invention of, XL 245 ;
Papin's improvements on, XVlll. 228.
MANOMETER, xv. 496.
AIR THERMOMETER, xi. 563.
AIRY, Sir George B., on aberration of
eye-pieces, xxm. 144; on the lunar
theory, xvi. 80 1 ; on the solar paral
lax, XVlll. 250; on tides and waves,
xxm. 372.
AISHA, wife of Mohammed, xvi. 552.
AISIN GlORO, Manchu legendary hero,
v. 649; xv. 467
AISLE, in architecture, I. 430.
AlSNE, department, France, I. 431.
AlSTULF, king of the Lombards, Xiv.
815.
AITKEN, W., on brass manufactures, IV.
217.
AITON, William, British botanist, I. 431.
AITZEMA, Leon van, Dutch historian,
i. 431.
Aix, town, France, I. 431.
AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, town, Rhenish
Prussia, I. 431; xx. 21 ; mineral water
of, xvi. 435; peace of (1748), vi. 270;
IX. 586; treaty of (1668), IX. 576.
AIX-LES-BAINS, town, France, I. 431;
xxi. 332; mineral water of, xvi. 435.
AjACClO, town, Corsica, i. 432.
AjAN, region, Africa, I. 432.
AjAX, in Greek legend, I. 432.
, Sophocles's drama, xxn. 272.
— OlLEUS, in Greek legend, I. 433.
AjEHO, town, Manchuria, I. 433.
Ajl, people, Central Africa, xxn. 256.
AJMIR, or Ajmere, district and town
India, I. 433; division, XX. 260.
A J O — A L B
11
AjODHYA, town, British India, vill. 855.
AjURUOCA, town, Brazil, I. 434.
AKABA, Gulf of, Red Sea, i. 434; xx. 316.
, station for Moslem homages, xvi.
AKABAH, town, Arabia, I. 434.
AKAKIA, Diatribe du Docteur, Voltaire's
Avork, ix. 671; xxiv. 289.
AKATZIRS (Khazars), people, xiv. 60.
AKBAR, the Great, emperor of Delhi, I.
434; ii. 700; xn. 794; xx. 1 10.
— KHAN, Afghan prince, I. 240.
AK-DAGH (Ararat), mountain, Armenia,
ii. 309.
AK DENIZ, lake, Syria, xxii. 821.
AKE, Pyramid of, Yucatan, xxiv. 759.
AKEMAN STREET, Roman road, England,
xvin. 94.
AKEN, toAvn, Prussia, I. 435.
, Hein van, Dutch romancist, xn.
90.
AKENSIDE, Mark, English poet, I. 435.
AKERBLAD, Jan David, Swedish Orien
talist, i. 436.
AKERMAN, town, Russia, I. 436 ; conven
tion of (1826), xxi. 20.
, John Yonge, English numismatist,
I. 436.
AKERMANN, Prof., on iron and steel,
xm. 282.
AKHAF, desert, Arabia, II. 240.
AKH ALZIKH, or Akhaltsikh, toAvn, Trans
caucasia, Russia, I. 436; xxiii. 514.
AKHBAR (Akbar, q.v.), emperor of Delhi,
I- 434-
AKHBARIS, Mohammedan theological
school, xxii. 665.
AKHDAR, Jebel, province and moiintain
range, Arabia, 1 1. 238, 255.
• , Jebel al, district, Tripoli, North
Africa, xxiii. 575.
AKHISSAR, town, Asiatic Turkey, I. 436.
AKHMIN, toAvn, Upper Egypt, vn. 794.
AKHTUBA, branch from the Volga,
Russia, xxiv. 279.
AKHTYRKA, town, Russia, i. 436.
AKIBA, Ben Joseph, rabbi, I. 436.
AKIERMAN, or Akerman, convention of
(1826), xxi. 20.
AKKA (Acre), toAvn, Syria, I. 120.
AKKAD (Accad), district, Mesopotamia,
xvi. 51.
AKODAH, settlement, West Africa, x.755-
AKOLA, district and town, British India,
i. 436.
AKRA, citadel, Jerusalem, xm. 641.
, Jebel, mountain, Syria, XXII.
821.
AKRAGAS (Agrigentum), ancient toAvn,
Sicily, i. 417; xxii. 16.
AKRON, town, Ohio, U.S.A., i. 437; xvn.
737-
AKROPONG, settlement, West Africa,
n. 217; x. 755.
AKROSTOMUM, genus of nemertine
worms, XVII. 326.
AKSA, E1-, mosque, Jerusalem, xm. 642.
AKSARAl, river, Afghan Turkestan, I.
241.
AK-SU, town, Chinese Turkestan, I. 437;
xxiii. 638.
AK-TUBE, town, Asiatic Russia, xxiii.
627.
AKUAMU, country, West Africa, ii. 217.
AKYAB, district and town, British Bur-
mah, I. 437; II. 305.
ALABAMA, State, U.S.A., i. 438; xxiii.
761 ; population, xxiii. 802.
, Confederate cruiser, XXIII. 777,
782.
— GROUP, Eocene rocks, X. 365.
ALABANDINE, mineral, xvi. 392.
- RUBY, mineral, xvi. 386.
ALABASTER, mineral, i. 439; xv. 529,
xvi. 401.
-, William, English Avriter, I. 439.
ALACALUFS, race, Tierra del Fuego,
xxiii. 384.
ALACHUA, savanna, Florida, U.S.A., ix.
338.
ALACHUN DAGH, mountain range, Cau
casus, v. 255.
ALACRANES, islands, Gulf of Mexico, i.
440.
ALA-DAGH, mountains, Asia Minor, n.
705.
AL - AGHLAB, founder of a Moslem
dynasty, xvi. 579.
ALAGHOZ, mountain, Transcaucasia,
XXIII. 514; sulphur from, xxii. 634.
ALAGOAS, province, Brazil, i. 440.
ALAHA-ZEKHA, Syriac writer, xxii.
844.
ALAI, plateau and mountains, Central
Asia, xvin. 103; xxii. 3.
ALAIN DE LILLE, theologian, i. 440;
xxi. 325.
ALAIS, town, France, I. 440.
ALAJUELA, town, Costa Rica, i. 441.
ALA-KUL, lake, Central Asia, xxi.
640.
ALALITE, mineral, xvi. 416.
ALAM, emperor of Delhi, XII. 802.
ALAMANNI, Luigi, Italian poet, I. 441.
ALAMANNIC LAW, xxi. 215.
ALAMO, town, Texas, U.S.A., xxi. 254.
ALAMOS, Los, town, Mexico, I. 441.
— DE B ARRIENTOS, Balthazar, Spanish
philologist, i. 441.
ALAMUT, mountain fortress, Persia, II.
723-
ALAN, William, cardinal, I. 441.
ALAND ISLANDS, Gulf of Bothnia, i.
441.
ALANG-ALANG, grass, in Java, xm. 602 ;
in Sumatra, xxii. 639.
ALANS, or Alani, Eastern tribes, I. 441 ;
in Spain, XX. 780; XXII. 308; their
inroads on Persia, XVIII. 602; on
Rome, XX. 780.
ALANTIKA, mountain, Soudan, Africa,
xxii. 248, 277.
ALANUS AB INSULIS, theologian, I. 440.
ALAOTRA, lake, Madagascar, xv. 169.
ALAPHION, early
xxii. 291.
ALARCON, Hernando
navigator, I. 442.
Y MENDOZA, Juan
Syrian Christian,
de, Spanish
Ruiz de,
Spanish dramatist, I. 442; VII. 421;
xxii. 359.
ALARIC, king of the West Goths, i.
442; x. 849; destruction of Athens
by, III. 10 ; in Italy, XX. 780; his
relations to Stilicho, xxii. 550.
— II., king of the Goths, I. 443.
ALARUM CLOCK, vi. 24.
ALASCO, John, Polish theologian, I. 443.
ALA-SHEHR, town, Asia Minor, I. 443.
ALASKA, Territory, U.S.A., I. 443 ; area
and population, xxi 1 1. 802 ; purchased
from Russia, I. 711; XXIII. 782; birds
of, ill. 752; seal fisheries of, xxi. 583.
ALATAU, mountains, Central Asia, xxi.
64; xxiii. 633, 637.
ALATRI, town, Italy, I. 444.
ALATYR, town, Russia, xxii. 77.
ALAUDA, genus of birds, xiv. 314.
ALAVA, province, Spain, I. 444; XXII.
298.
, Miguel Ricardo d', Spanish general,
i. 445.
ALAY, Turkish ceremony, I. 445.
ALAZUN, river, Caucasus, v. 255.
ALB, ecclesiastical vestment, I. 445; VI.
461.
ALBA, town, Italy, I. 445.
, or Alba Longa (^.v.), ancient town,
Italy, xiv. 344.
-, or Alva (q.v.\ Duke of, I. 647.
ALBACETE, province, Spain, I. 445; XXII.
298; town, i. 446.
ALBACORE, fish, xxiii. 625.
ALBA LONGA, ancient town, Italy, i.
445; xii. 166; xiv. 344; xvin. 489.
ALBAN, St, British martyr, I. 446.
— HILLS, Rome, xx. 807.
ALBANI, Francesco, Italian painter, I.
446; xx. 396.
, Giovanni Francesco (Pope Clement
XL), v. 822.
ALBANIA, ancient country, Asia, I. 448.
— , Scottish kingdom, xxi. 477.
, province, Turkey in Europe, I.
446; xxiii. 653.
ALBANIAN LANGUAGE, xvm. 784; dic
tionaries of, vn. 189.
ALBANIANS, in Greece, XL 83.
ALBAN MOUNT, Jupiter worshipped on,
xm. 780.
ALBANO, town and lake, Italy, I. 448.
— , Francesco, Italian painter, I. 446;
xx. 396.
ALBANY, town, New York, U.S.A., i.
448; xvii. 454, 457; State library at,
xiv. 535, 55°-
, town, Western Australia, xxiv.
508.
-, Louisa of Stolberg, countess of, I.
449; xxii. 99; her relations with
Alfieri, I. 502.
12
A L B — A L C
ALBANY, Dukes of, regents of Scotland,
xxi. 491, 497; xxii. 610.
ALBARINE, river, France, xin. 782.
ALBARRACIN, district, Spain, xxn. 293.
ALBATEGNI, Arabian astronomer, I.
449; ii. 751; xvi. 596; xxin. 561.
ALBATROSS, bird, i. 449; xv. 334.
AL-BATTANI (Albategni), Arabian astro
nomer, I. 449; ii. 751; xvi. 596.
ALBAY, town, Philippines, I. 449; vol
cano, xviii. 749.
ALBAZIN, town, Asiatic Russia, I. 747.
ALBE, ecclesiastical vestment, I. 445.
ALBEMARLE (Aumale), town, France, in.
85.
, George Monk, duke of, XVI. 751.
— , island, Galapagos, Pacific, X. 17.
ALBERIC, patrician of Rome, xx. 787.
ALBERONI, Giulio, cardinal and Spanish
minister, I. 450; IX. 584; xxn. 337.
ALBERT I.-V., dukes of Austria, L 450.
, Achilles, elector of Brandenburg,
xx. 4.
,the Bear, margrave of Brandenburg,
I. 451; XX. 2.
— I., king of Germany, I. 450; x. 493;
his rule in Switzerland, xxii. 782.
II., of Germany, I. 450; X. 496.
— , cardinal, elector of Mainz, I. 451.
— , first duke of Prussia, I. 451.
, king of Saxony, XXI. 356.
— , king of Sweden, xxii. 746.
— , prince consort, of England, I.
451.
— of Saxony, monk, on floating in the
air, I. 1 86.
of Stade, romancist, xx. 639.
ALBERTA, district, North- West Territory,
British America, XVII. 573.
ALBERT EDWARD, Mount, Vancouver
Island, xxiv. 57.
ALBERT HALL, London, xiv. 836.
ALBERTI, Leon Battista, Italian architect,
I. 453; ii. 437; xin. 508; xx. 558.
ALBERTINE TRACTS, on political
economy, xix. 356.
ALBERTI N i, Ippolito Francesco, Italian
physician, xv. 815.
, J. B., Swiss poet, xxn. 799.
ALBERTITE, mineral, xvi. 428.
ALBERT NYANZA, lake, Africa, i. 453;
xvii. 505.
ALBERTRANDY, John Christian, Polish
historian, I. 453.
ALBERTUS MAGNUS, scholastic philo
sopher, i. 453; xvi. 710; xxi. 427; on
alchemy, I. 464; on birds, xvm. 3;
his recipe for flying, I. 186.
ALBERTVILLE, town, France, xxi. 332.
ALBI, town, France, I. 454.
ALBIGENSES, religious sect, i. 454; xvi.
710; xviii. 434; xx. 322; crusades
against them, IX. 541.
ALBIN, Eleazar, on birds, xvm. 5.
ALBINISM, skin disease, xxn. 122.
ALBINO, person abnormally white, I.
455-
ALBINUS, Bernard Siegfried, anatomist,
i. 455, 814.
— , Clodius, Roman general, XXI. 699.
, Flaccus (Alcuin), learned ecclesi
astic, I. 471.
ALBION PRINTING PRESS, xxin. 704.
AL-BlRUNl, Arabian geographer, xiv.
57-
ALBIS (Elbe), river, Germany, vn.
825.
ALBITE, mineral, xvi. 419.
ALBIZZESCHI, St Bernardino, Sienese
preacher, in. 603; xxn. 43.
ALBIZZI, their contests with the Medici,
xv. 783.
ALBOIN, king of the Lombards, I. 455;
xin. 467; xiv. 814; xvn. 234.
ALBORNOZ, Spanish cardinal, I. 455;
xx. 80 1.
ALBRECHT, or Albert, dukes of
Austria, I. 450.
ALBRECHTSBERGER, Johann Georg,
musician, I. 455.
ALBRECHTSBURG CASTLE, Meissen,
Saxony, xv. 831.
ALBRET, Henri d', king of Navarre, xv.
538.
ALBUERA, village, Spain, I. 456.
ALBUFERA, Duke of (Suchet), French
marshal, xxn. 617.
DE VALENCIA, lagoon, Spain, i.
456; xxn. 295; xxiv. 33.
ALBUM, i. 456.
ALBUMAZAR, Arabian astronomer, i.
456.
ALBUMEN, i. 456; in milk, xvi. 303;
of plants, iv. 155.
- PROCESS, in photography, xviii.
824.
ALBUMENOIDS, nitrogenous carbon com
pounds, xvn. 520.
ALBUMINOID SUBSTANCES, of animal
origin, V. 579.
ALBUMINOUS DEGENERATION, in
pathology, XVIII. 390.
ALBUMINURIA, disease, iv. 345; xvin.
387-
ALBUQUERQUE, town, Spain, i. 456.
, Alphonso d', Portuguese governor
of India, I. 456; XII. 797.
, Juan Alonzo de, minister of Pedro
I. of Castile, xvin. 450.
ALCA, genus of birds, x. 78; xx. 302.
ALC^EUS, Greek poet, i. 457.
ALCAICS, in poetry, I. 457.
ALCAIDE, Spanish officer, I. 457.
ALCALA DE GUADAIRA, town, Spain, i.
457-
ALCALA DE HENARES, town, Spain, i.
458 ; birthplace of Cervantes, v. 347.
ALCALA LA REAL, town, Spain, i.
458.
ALCALDE, Spanish official, I. 458.
ALCAMENES, Greek sculptor, i. 458; ii.
356.
ALCAMO, town, Sicily, I. 458.
ALCANTARA, seaport, Brazil, i. 458.
ALCANTARA, town, Spain, i. 458.
— , Knights of, I. 458; XXII. 316.
ALCARAZ, town, Spain, i. 458.
ALCARRAZAS, Spanish water-jars, n. 24.
ALCAVALA, Spanish tax, i. 458; xxn.
320.
ALCAYDE, Spanish officer, I. 457.
ALCAZAR, palace, of Segovia, xxi. 623 ;
of Seville, xxi. 709; of Toledo, xxin.
436.
— DE SAN JUAN, town, Spain, I.
459-
— KEBIR, town, Morocco, i. 459.
ALCEDO, genus of birds, XIV. Si.
ALCELAPHUS CAAMA, species of ante
lopes, XL 496.
ALCEO, pastoral by Ongaro, xvin. 345.
ALCESTE, in Greek legend, i. 459.
, opera by Gluck, x. 694.
ALCESTER, town, England, i. 459; xxiv.
379-
ALCESTIS, in Greek legend, I. 459.
— , play of Euripides, vin. 674.
ALCHEMY, i. 459; connexion of
chemistry with it, V. 459.
ALCHERIUS, Jehan, early writer on
dyeing, vn. 571.
ALCHRED, Northumbrian king, xvn.
570.
ALCHUKU (Ajeho), town, Manchuria, i.
433-
ALCIATI, Andrea, Italian jurist, i. 467.
ALCIBIADES, Greek leader, i. 468; xi.
102; xvin. 576.
ALCIDAMAS, Greek political sophist,
xxn. 265.
ALCIMUS, Jewish high priest, xin. 422.
ALCINOUS, of Greek mythology, I. 468;
xix. 559.
, Greek philosopher, I. 468.
ALCIONIUS, Petrtis, Italian classical
scholar, I. 472.
ALCIPHRON, Greek letter- writer, I. 468;
xx. 636.
ALCIRA, town, Spain, I. 469; xxiv. 33.
ALCMAN, or Alcmaeon, Alexandrian
critic, I. 469 ; ancient MS. of his writ
ings, xvin. 146.
ALCMENE, mother of Hercules, i. 469.
ALCOCK, John, English bishop, i. 469.
— PROVINCE, North Borneo, xxi.
123.
ALCOHOL, I. 469; its action on the
brain, VII. 482; xin. 102, 109; its
dietetic uses, vn. 204; diseases caused
by, vn. 50; XVIII. 407 ; in fermenting
dough, in. 254; formation of, IV. 275;
vn. 264; IX. 92; Liebig's investiga
tions on, xiv. 566.
— , Methyl, XVI. 194.
ALCOHOLOMETER, xii. 540.
ALCOHOL THERMOMETER, XL 562.
ALCOHOLS, in chemistry, v. 553, 562.
ALCOY, town, Spain, I. 471.
ALCUDIA, Duke of (Godoy), Spanish
statesman, I. 471; xix. 550; xxn. 342.
ALCUIN, early English ecclesiastic, i.
A L C — A L E
13
471; vill. 406; xvi. 707; academy
originated by, I. 69 ; as librarian, XI v.
5i3-
ALCVONARIA, order of corals, vi. 384;
xxin. 609.
ALCYONE, genus of birds, xiv. 82.
ALCYONIDIUM, genus of Polyzoa, xix.
440.
ALCYONIUS, Petrus, Italian classical
scholar, I. 472.
AL - DAJJAL, the Mohammedan anti
christ, n. 126.
ALDAN, river, Siberia, I. 472; xxn. 5;
xxiv. 726.
MOUNTAINS, Siberia, I. 472.
ALDBOROUGH, town, Suffolk, England,
i. 472; xxii. 622.
, town, Yorkshire, England, I. 472.
ALDE, river, England, xxii. 621.
ALDEBERT (Hildebert), bishop of Tours,
XL 814.
ALDEBURGH (Aldborough), town, Eng
land, I. 472; xxn. 622.
ALDEGONDE, St, F. van Marnix, lord
of, Dutch Reformer, XII. 92.
ALDEGREVER, or Aldegraf, Heinrich,
German painter, I. 472.
ALDEHYDES, in chemistry, v. 567.
ALDEN, island, Norway, xvn. 576.
ALDER, tree, I. 472 ; culture of, n. 318.
ALDERMAN, i. 472; xvn. 27.
ALDERNEY, Channel Islands, England,-
i- 473-
CATTLE, xin. 635.
ALDERSHOT, town and camp, England,
i. 474; XL 431; xxn. 694.
ALDERSON, Amelia (Mrs Opie), xvn.
787.
ALDFRID, king of Northumberland,
xvn. 570.
ALDHELM, St, early English author, i.
474; VIIL 403; his Psalter, vin. 382.
ALDINE PRESS, xv. 512.
ALDINI, Giovanni, Italian physicist, I.
474-
ALDOBRANDINI, Ippolito (Pope Clement
VIIL), v. 822.
ALDOBRANDO, Italian writer, xnr. 501.
ALDO MANUZIO, Venetian printer, xv.
512; his Greek classics, in. 656.
ALDONA, Anna, wife of Casimir III. of
Poland, xix. 288.
ALDRED, archbishop of York, I. 475.
ALDRICH, Dr Henry, English writer, I.
475-
ALDRISI (Edrisi), Arabian geographer,
vn. 669.
ALDROVANDA, genus of insectivorous
plants, xin. 137.
ALDROVANDI, Ulisse, Italian naturalist,
i. 475 ; on birds, xvin. 4.
ALDSTONE, town, England, I. 476.
ALDUS MANUTIUS, xv. 512; his edition
of Greek classics, in. 656.
ALE, i. 476; iv. 275 ; adulteration of, I.
172 ; Burton, iv. 572.
ALEANDRO, Girolamo, cardinal, i. 476.
ALE-CONNER, assize officer, I. 476.
ALECTO, one of the Furies, vm. 524.
ALECTORIDES, group of birds, xvin.
45-
ALEMAN, Louis, cardinal, i. 476.
, Mateo, Spanish romancist, XXII.
357-
ALEMANNI, German tribe, I. 476; x. 476;
invasion of Roman empire by, XX. 777,
779; xxii. 729; Narses's campaigns
against, xvn. 233.
— , Luigi, Italian poet, I. 441.
— , Nicholas, editor of Procopius, XXIII.
276.
ALEMANNUS, translator from Arabic, n.
270.
— , Johannes, Venetian painter, xxi.
436, 442.
ALEMBIC, for distillation, I. 477.
ALEMTEJO, province, Portugal, I. 477;
xix. 537.
ALENCON, town, France, i. 477; xvin. 2;
lace of, xiv. 186.
— , Duke of, ix. 562.
•, Marguerite d', princess, XV. 538.
ALENIO, Giulio, Jesuit missionary, I.
477-
ALEPPI, town, Travancore, India, xxin.
525.
ALEPPO, town, Syria, I. 477; province,
xxin. 653.
ALES, Alexander, Scottish Reformer, I.
478; xxi. 542.
ALESHKI, town, Russia, xxin. 83.
ALESIUS (Ales), or Aless, Alexander,
Scottish Reformer, I. 478; XXI. 542.
ALESS ANDRI, Alessaiidro, Italian juris
consult, I. 479.
ALESSANDRIA, province and town, Italy,
I. 479.
ALESSI, Galeazzo, Italian architect, I.
479-
ALETH (St Servan), ancient town,
France, xxi. 197.
ALEUROMETER, flour measurer, ix.
347-
ALEUTIAN ISLANDS, i. 479; birds of,
i". 753-
ALEUTS, race of people, America, xn.
826.
ALEVIN, newly-hatched salmon, xxi.
224.
ALEXANDER I., pope, i. 486.
- II., pope, i. 486; xix. 498; xx.
791.
III., pope, I. 486; xix. 500; xx.
794 ; resists Frederick Barbarossa,
XIII. 471.
- IV., pope, I. 487; XIII. 475; XX.
797-
V., pope, i. 487; xix. 502; xx.
804.
VI., pope, I. 487; XIII. 481; XX.
323, 806; his hostility to Savonarola,
xxi. 336.
VII., pope, i. 490.
- VIIL, pope, I. 490; xix. 506.
ALEXANDER, of Battenberg, prince of
Bulgaria, XXin. 652.
— , kings of Epirus, vin. 484.
, Leopold Franz Emmerich, prince
of Hohenlohe, priest, and miracle-
worker, XII. 51.
— , the Great, king of Macedonia, I.
480; XI. 104; xv. 139; extent of his
conquests, X. 175; his invasion of
India, xn. 786; of Persia, xvin. 581 ;
his capture of Persepolis, xvin. 559;
his concpaest of Phrygia, xvin. 852 ;
his siege of Tyre, xvin. 809 ; Arrian's
history of, II. 631 ; romancing histories
of, xx. 640; marble head of, n. 362;
coins of, xvn. 641.
, king of Poland, XIX. 290.
- L, czar of Russia, I. 491; xvn. 485;
xxi. 100.
II., of Russia, xxi. 102.
- III., of Russia, xxi. 102.
L, king of Scotland, I. 491; XXI.
- II., of Scotland, I. 491; XXI. 484.
-III., of Scotland, I. 491; XXI. 485.
-, voivode of Walachia, xxi. 17.
- of Aboniteichos, mystic, xvn. 130.
- of JLtolia, Alexandrian critic, I.
499.
of Aphrodisias, Peripatetic philo
sopher, I. 486; XVlil. 546.
of Hales, theologian and philo
sopher, 1. 486 ; xxi. 427 ; Roger Bacon's
tirade against him, in. 219.
of Tralles, Byzantine physician, I.
486 ; xv. 804.
, Lucian's dialogue, xv. 45.
— , Era of, v. 715.
, Archibald, American divine, 1. 492.
, Joseph Addison, American divine,
I- 493-
, Sir "William, earl of Stirling, Scot
tish poet, I. 493 ; his relations to Maine
and Nova Scotia, xv. 301 ; xvn. 603.
— AB ALEXANDRO, Italian juriscon
sult, I. 479.
- BALAS, king of Syria, I. 486.
JANN^EUS, king of the Jews, I.
486.
JAROSLAWITZ NEVSKI, saint, i.
492.
NEVSKI, of Novgorod, xxi. 90.
ALEXANDRA, Lycophron's poem, I. 499.
— LAND, South Australia, xxn. 283.
NILE, river, Central Africa, xvn.
SOS-
PALACE, London, Xiv. 836.
ALEXANDRE, Racine's drama, xx. 205.
ALEXANDRETTA, town, Asia Minor, xxi.
366.
ALEXANDRIA, town, Egypt, i. 493; vn.
767; founding of, I. 482; xv. 140;
battle of (1801), I. 38; catacombs at,
v. 215 ; coins of, xvn. 651 ; commerce
of, xxin. 655; glass-making at, x.
650; libraries, xiv. 510; burning
of them, i. 778 ; literature, XI. 143 ;
A L E — A L K
museum, I. 69; observatory, xvil.
709; schools of learning, I. 498; XV.
144; xvn. 839.
ALEXANDRIA, Era of, v. 714.
, town, Scotland, I. 496.
, town, Virginia, U.S.A., I. 496 ;
xxiv. 259.
TROAS, city, Asia Minor, xxm.
580.
ALEXANDRIAN CANON, v. 5.
ALEXANDRIAN MANUSCRIPT, i. 496;
xvin. 147.
ALEXANDRIAN SCHOOL, i. 498; ana
tomy in, I. Soi ; astronomy, II. 748 ;
medicine, XV. 801; xxn. 674.
ALEXANDRINE VERSE, i. 500.
ALEXANDRITE, mineral, xvi. 386.
ALEXANDROFF, town, Russia, xxiv.
271.
ALEXANDROPOL, town, Transcaucasia,
Russia, XI. 277; xxm. 515.
ALEXANDROVSK, town, Transcaspian
Region, Russia, xxm. 513.
ALEXANDROVSKAYA, town, Russia, xxn.
472.
ALEXANDROVSKII POSAD, town, Russia,
xx. 36.
ALEXIAD, historical work, by Anna
Comnena, 1 1. 60.
ALEXIN, town, Russia, xxm. 605.
ALEXIPHARMACA, poem by Nicander,
xvii. 476.
ALEXIS, Greek poet, i. 501.
, czar of Russia, xxi. 96.
, son of Peter the Great, XVlli. 699.
, Wilibald, German novelist, XI.
479-
ALEXIUS I., Comnenus, Byzantine
emperor, I. 501; his relations with the
crusaders, VI. 625.
, emperor of Trebizond, xxm. 533.
ALFANI, Domenico, Italian painter, I.
501.
AL-FARABI, Arabian philosopher, I. 501 ;
li. 267.
ALFEEYAH, Arab grammar, n. 265.
AL-FEZI (Riph), Jewish rabbi, xx.
566.
ALFIERI, Vittorio, Italian poet, I. 502 ;
vii. 417; xiii. 513.
ALFOLD, plain, Hungary, xn. 361.
ALFONSO. See Alphonso.
ALFORD, Henry, dean of Canterbury, I.
503-
ALFRED, the Great, English king, I.
506; vill. 283, 285 ; his translation of
Caxlmon's poems, iv. 630; his influence
on English literature, vin. 404.
CROQUIS, iiom-de-crayon of D.
Maclise, painter, xv. 165.
— JEWEL, Enamelling of, Vill. 183.
ALFWOLD, Northumbrian king, xvn.
570.
ALG^E, order of plants, I. 507; xxiv. 125 ;
their relations to Fungi, III. 692; IX.
834; to lichens, xiv. 556; as para
sitic plants, xvin. 266; reproduction of,
IV. 107, 162; XX. 425, 430; in her
barium, XI. 717; diatoms, vii. 170.
ALGARDI, Alessandro, Italian sculptor,
i. 509; xxi. 570.
ALGAROTTI, Francesco, Italian author, i.
509.
ALGARROBO, Peruvian trees, xvin. 671.
ALGARVE, or Algarves, province, Portu
gal, i. 509; xix. 536.
ALGAU, district, Bavaria, I. 510.
AL-GAZALI, or Algazel, Arabian philo
sopher, I. 510; II. 268.
ALGAZEL, species of antelope, n. 101.
ALGEBRA, I. 511; its place in mathe
matics, xv. 630 ; determinants in, vill.
497 ; Cardan's work on, v. 90 ;
Leonardo of Pisa's contributions to,
xix. 125 ; Vieta's, xxiv. 224; "Wallis's,
xxiv. 332.
ALGECIRAS, town, Spain, I. 562.
ALGER, of Clugny, French author, I.
562.
ALGERIA, country, Africa, I. 562; ix.
525; xvn. 628; forests, ix. 407; mines,
xvi. 469 ; wine industry, xxiv. 607.
ALGERINE PIRATES, i. 566.
ALGERUS MAGISTER, French author, i.
562.
ALGEZIRAS, town, Spain, i. 562.
AL-GHAZALI, Arabian philosopher, I.
510; n. 268.
ALGHERO, town, Sardinia, I. 569; xxi.
309-
ALGIERS, town, Algeria, I. 570 ; cap
tivity of Cervantes at, v. 350 ; conquest
of, by the Turks, xxm. 643 ; observa
tory at, xvn. 716.
ALGIN, mucilage, xvn. 12.
ALCOA BAY, Cape Colony, I. 570.
ALGODONITE, mineral, xvi. 393.
ALGOMA, district, Ontario, Canada, XVII.
776.
ALGONQUINS, American Indians, i. 688,
690; xii. 827.
ALGORITHM, xvn. 626.
ALGUM, incense, xii. 718; tree, I. 596.
ALHAGI MANNA, xv. 493.
AL-HAKAM, emir of Cordova, xxn.
310.
— II., caliph of Cordova, xxn. 313.
ALHAMA, town, Granada, Spain, I. 570.
— , town, Murcia, Spain, I. 570 ;
mineral spring at, XVII. 51.
ALHAMBRA, palace, Granada, Spain, i.
570; architecture of, II. 447; wall-
decorations of, XVII. 36.
ALHASAN IBN-MOHAMMED ABWAZZAN
ALFASI (Leo Africanus), traveller, xiv.
453-
ALHAZEN, Arabian mathematician, I.
572; on optics, xiv. 578.
ALHUCEMAS, bay and islets, Morocco,
xvi. 830.
ALI, caliph, i. 572; xvi. 548, 563, 566,
592; xxn. 663; shrine of, at Meshed -
Ali, xvi. 46; house of, xvi. 574, 579,
584.
ALI, Seyed Mohammed, founder of
Babism, in. 180.
- BEY, sultan of Egypt, I. 572; vn.
758.
— BEY (Domingo Badia y Leblich),
Spanish traveller, in. 227.
— . PASHA (Arslan), ruler of Albania,
i. 573; XL 125; xxm. 649; hisattack
on Parga, xvin. 273.
- PASHA, pasha of Egypt, vn. 761.
PASHA, Turkish vizier, xxm. 646.
ALIAS, in law, I. 574.
ALIASKA (Alaska, q.v.\ territory, U.S.A.,
i- 443-
ALIBI, in law, I. 574.
ALICANTE, province and town, Spain, i.
574; xxn. 298.
ALICATA, town, Sicily, i. 574.
ALICE, Lytton's novel, xv. 122.
ALICUDI, Lipari Islands, Mediterranean,
xiv. 683.
ALIEN, in law, I. 574; relations of, in
war, xin. 194.
ALIENATION, of land, vi. 434; xx. 307.
ALIEN-HOUSES, in architecture, II. 459.
ALIGARH, district, British India, I. 576.
ALIGHIERI, Dante, Italian poet, vi. 809.
See Dante.
ALIGNMENTS, lines of stone monuments,
xxi. 51.
ALIMENT, in Scots law, i. 576.
ALIMENTA, Trajan's, for poor and orphan
children, XXIII. 504.
ALIMENTARY CANAL, vn. 221; xvn.
668 ; in mammals, xv. 362.
ALIMENTARY SYSTEM, of birds, in. 725 ;
of reptiles, xx. 457.
ALIMENTIVENESS, in phrenology, xvin.
845.
ALIMONY, in English law, I. 576.
ALI MURAD, Persian khan, xvin. 644.
ALI-OLLAHIS, community of Kurds, xiv.
158.
ALISCANS, French chanson, IX. 638.
ALISMA, genus of plants, xix. 176.
ALISON, Archibald, Scottish divine, I.
576; on the principles of taste, I. 223.
, Sir Archibald, historian, I. 577.
, William P., Scottish phvsician, xv.
817.
ALIZARIN, colouring matter, i. 577; iv.
687; xv. 176.
ALKALI, in chemistry, I. 578; volatile,
I. 741.
ALKALIES, Metals of the, v. 524; their
spectra, xxn. 375.
ALKALINE DEVELOPER, in photography,
xvin. 826.
ALKALINE PHOSPHATES, xvin. 819.
ALKALINE SPRINGS, xvi. 435.
ALKALINITY, of sea-water, xxi. 612.
ALKALOIDS, in chemistry, I. 578; natu
ral, or native, v. 576; xvn. 520; vege
table waste-products, XIX. 53.
ALKAMA, Arabic poet, xvi. 537.
ALKANET, plant, i. 578.
AL-KANTARA, town, Morocco, xvi. 832.
A L K — A L M
15
AL-KHARIZMI, Arabian mathematician,
xvii. 626.
AL-KlNDi, or Alkindius, Arabian philo
sopher, I. 578; II. 267.
ALKMAAR, town, Netherlands, i. 578.
, Heinrik von, German satirist, I.
578.
ALKOSH, Mesopotamia, Nahum's tomb
at, xvii. 165.
ALKYLAMINES, in chemistry, xvii. 519.
ALLADA, towns, Dahomey, Africa, vi.
766.
ALLAH, Arabian name of God, I. 578;
xvi. 546.
ALLAHABAD, division, district, and town,
British India, I. 578; XVII. 572.
ALLAH-DAGH, mountains, Transcaspian
Region, Russia, xxin. 511.
ALLAH-UD-DIN KHILJI, sultan of Delhi,
xii. 793-
ALLAMAND, Jean Nicolas Sebastian,
natural philosopher, I. 579.
ALLAN, David, Scottish painter, I. 580.
, Sir William, Scottish painter, I.
580.
ALLANITE, mineral, xvi. 409.
ALLANTOIS, of mammals, xv. 369.
ALLAS, mountain, Timor, Indian Archi
pelago, xxin. 397.
ALLASCH, liqueur, xiv. 687.
ALLEGHANY, Virginia, U.S.A., mineral
water of, xvi. 436.
, river, United States, i. 580.
- MOUNTAINS, U.S.A., i. 580, 678;
xviil. 499; xxill. 795; birds of the,
Hi. 751.
ALLEGHENY, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., i. 580; xix. 150; observatory
at, xvii. 715.
ALLEGIANCE, in law, i. 580; in relation
to domicile, vil. 351; oath of, I. 580;
xvii. 701.
ALLEGORICAL INTERPRETATION, of
Scripture, XI. 743.
ALLEGORIES, of the Physiologus, xix. 6.
ALLEGORY, i. 581; vin. 837.
ALLEGRA, daughter of Lord Byron, xxi.
792.
ALLEGRI, Antonio (Correggio), painter,
vi. 437; xxi. 437, 443.
, Gregorio, Italian musician, I. 581.
ALLEINE, Joseph, English divine, I.
58!.
, Richard, English divine, I. 582.
ALLELUIA HYMNS, xn. 582.
ALLEMONTITE, mineral, xvi. 380.
ALLEN, Bog of, Ireland, i. 582.
— , Ethan, American patriot, xxm.
787.
, John, political writer, I. 583.
-, Ralph, inventor of cross-roads
postal system, xix. 565.
, Thomas, English mathematician,
i. 583.
, William, cardinal, I. 441.
, William, pianoforte maker, xix.
75-
ALLENTOWN, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., i. 583.
ALLESTR Y, or Allestree, Richard, English
Royalist, I. 583.
ALLEYN, Edward, founder of Dulwich
College, London, I. 583; vil. 520.
, Thomas, English mathematician,
I. 583.
ALL FOOL'S DAY, n. 214.
ALLGAU, district, Bavaria, I. 510.
ALLGEMEINE ZEITUNG, German news
paper, vi. 480; xvii. 428.
ALL-HALLOWS, or Allhallowtide, fes
tival, i. 578; XIIL 245.
ALLIA, Battle of (390 B.C.), xx. 740.
ALLIANCE, i. 585.
— , The Holy (1815), IX. 619.
— DES TROIS COTILLONS (1756), ix.
588.
ALLIER, department, France, I. 585.
— , river, France, I. 585 ; xx. 119.
ALLIGATOR, reptile, i. 585; vi. 594;
xx. 446.
— , river, South Australia, XXII. 284.
- LEATHER, xiv. 389.
- PEPPER, xvm. 517.
- TERRAPIN, tortoise, xxm. 458.
ALLINGTON CASTLE, Kent, England,
xiv. 40.
ALLIS SHAD, fish, xxi. 726.
ALLITERATION, i. 585. .
ALLITERATIVE CONCORD, in philology,
XIIL 820; XVIIL 780; xxiv. 827.
ALLIUM, genus of plants, x. 81 ; xiv.
409.
ALLIX, Pierre, French divine, I. 586.
ALLMAN, G. J., on Polyzoa, xix. 431;
on Protozoa, Xix. 860.
ALLOA, town, Scotland, i. 586.
ALLODIUM, in land tenure, I. 587.
ALLOIOCCELA, tribe of worms, xix. 172,
174-
ALLOMORPHITE, mineral, xvi. 400.
ALLOPALLADIUM, mineral, xvi. 383.
ALLOPHANE, mineral, xvi. 424.
ALLOLOBOPHORA, genus of worms,
xxiv. 678.
ALLORI, Alessandro, Italian painter, I.
587.
, Cristofano, Italian painter, I.
587.
ALLOTROPY, in chemistry, i. 587.
ALLOWAY KIRK, Ayrshire, Scotland,
m. 164.
ALLOXAN, in chemistry, I. 587.
ALLOY, i. 587; in coinage, xvi. 483,
725.
ALLOYS, in assaying, n. 724; fusing
point of, XX. 132; of gold, x. 750; of
mercury, XVI. 33; of platinum, XIX.
191 ; of silver, xxil. 71.
ALL-SAINTS DAY, i. 578.
ALLSOPP'S BREWERIES, Burton, Eng
land, iv. 572.
ALL SOULS COLLEGE, Oxford, xvm.
96.
ALL SOULS DAY, xvii. 606.
ALLSPICE, or Pimento, xix. 97; xvm.
5i7-
ALLSTEDT, district, Germany, xxi. 349.
ALLSTON, Washington, American painter
and poet, I. 588, 722.
ALL THE TALENTS, English ministry
of, vm. 363.
ALLUCINGOLI, Ubaldo (Pope Lucius
III.), xv. 48.
ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS, x. 365; xii. 62,
5°4, 736.
ALLUVION, Law in regard to, xx. 565.
ALLUVIUM, land made up of sediment,
I. 589.
ALLYGHUR, or Aligarh, India, i. 576.
ALLYN, William, cardinal, L 441.
ALMA, river, Russia, I. 589; battle of
the (1854), I. 589.
DAGH, mountains, Syria, xxn.
821
ALMADEN, town, Spain, I. 589.
ALMAGEST, Ptolemy's astronomical work,
i. 589; xx. 87; n. 750; x. 177.
ALMAGRO, town, Spain, i. 589.
— , Diego d', Spanish commander, I.
589; xvm. 677.
ALMAI, singing girls of Egypt, I. 592.
ALMALl, town, Asiatic Turkey, I. 589.
AL-MAMUN, caliph, i. 589; xvi. 582.
ALMANAC, i. 590.
— , Nautical, xvii. 260.
ALMANACK DE GOTHA, i. 592.
ALMANACK, Poor Richard's, i. 721; ix.
712.
ALMANSA, or Almanza, town, Spain, I.
592; battle of (1707), ix. 582.
ALMANSOR, Moorish ruler in Spain,
xv. 500; XXIL 314.
AL-MANSUR, or Almanzor, Moham
medan princes, XV. 500.
ALMATY, town, Central Asia, xxiv.
3°3-
ALME, singing girls of Egypt, I. 592.
ALMEIDA, town, Portugal, i. 592.
-, Francisco de, viceroy of Portuguese
India, I. 592.
ALMELO, town, Holland, xvm. 78.
ALMERIA, province and town, Spain, I.
593; xxn. 298
ALMERY, in architecture, n. 459.
ALMOHADES, Mohammedan dynasty, I.
593; in Spain, xxil. 316; in Tunis,
xxm. 621.
AL-MOKANNA, Moslem impostor, xvi.
580.
ALMON, John, political writer and
publisher, I. 594.
ALMOND, tree and fruit, i. 594; xn. 269;
xvm. 442.
, river, Scotland, xiv. 669.
ALMONDBURY, town, England, i. 595.
ALMONDELL HOUSE, Linlithgow, Scot
land, xiv. 670.
ALMOND NUT, xvii. 664.
ALMOND OIL, xvii. 744 ; chemistry of,
xxiv. 626.
ALMONER, ecclesiastical officer, i. 595.
16
A L M — A L T
ALMONRY, in architecture, n. 459.
ALMORA, town, India, I. 595.
ALMORAVIDES, Moliammedan dynasty,
i. 595, 565; xv. 525; xxii. 316.
ALMQVIST, Karl Jonas Luclwig, Swed
ish writer, I. 596; xxii. 757.
ALMS, in early church, xvm. 422.
ALMSGIVING, in relation to poor laws,
xix. 463.
ALMSHOUSES, English, xix. 465.
ALMUCE, church vestment, vi. 463.
ALMUG TREE, of Scripture, I. 596.
ALMUNECAR, town, Spain, i. 596.
AL-NAHR (Oxus), river, Central Asia,
XVIII. 101.
AL-NASIRA (Nazareth), town, Palestine,
xvii. 302.
ALNE, river, England, xvii. 565.
ALNWICK, town, England, I. 596; XVII.
567, 568.
ALOD, or Alodium, in land tenure, I.
587; ix. 120.
ALOE, plant, I. 597; xn. 262; incense,
XII. 718.
ALOID^E, or Aloiadee, in Greek legend,
i. 597.
ALOIN, bitter principle in plants, XIX.
53-
ALOMBRADOS, Spanish mystics, xn. 706.
ALOMPRA, Burmese king, i. 597; iv.
556.
ALONZO, kings of Spain and Portugal, I.
615. See Alphonso.
ALOPECIA, skin disease, xxii. 121.
ALOPECIAS, genus of sharks, xxi. 777.
ALOST, town, Belgium, I. 597.
ALOURIE, town, West Africa, xn. 710.
ALP, mountain pasture, I. 620, 632.
ALPACA, wool-bearing animal, I. 597;
iv. 12; xiv. 740; relation of domesti
cated to wild forms, IV. 251.
ALP ARSLAN, Seljuk sultan, i. 598;
xvi. 44, 588; xx. 730; xxi. 634.
ALPE DI SUCCISA, Apennines, Italy,
XIIL 437.
ALPEN-HORN, trumpet, xxm. 593.
ALPES, three departments (Basses,
Hautes, Maritimes), France, I. 599.
ALPHA AND OMEGA, i. 599.
ALPHABET, I. 600; letters of, as numerals,
xvii. 62 5 ; characters in ancient inscrip
tions, xni. 114; Celtiberian, xil. 605;
deaf and dumb, vn. 8 ; Egyptian, XL
807; early Greek, XII. 112; Hebrew,
XI. 597 ; hieroglyphic, XL 796 ; A. J.
Ellis's palaeotype, xxii. 381, 385;
Phoenician, XI. 807; xvm. 802, 806;
phonetic, XVlll. 812; xxii. 39; phono
graphic, XXI. 836; Roman, xni. 125;
Sabsean, xxiv. 740; Sanskrit, xxi.
270.
ALPH^EUS, father of the apostle James,
xni. 552.
ALPHARABIUS (Al-Farabi), Arabian
philosopher, 1 1. 267.
AL-PHASI (Riph), Jewish rabbi and
Talmudist, XX. 566.
ALPHEN, Hieronymus van, Dutch
writer, XI I. 97.
ALPHEUS, river, Greece, I. 615; xvii.
765.
ALPHONSINE TABLES, in astronomy, i.
617.
ALPHONSO, or Alfonso, I., king of
Aragon, L 617; xxii. 316.
— II., of Aragon, I. 618; xxii. 316.
- III., of Aragon, I. 618; XXII. 322.
- IV., of Aragon, I. 618; xxn. 323.
- V., of Aragon (I. of Sicily), I. 618 ;
xni. 478 ; xxn. 324.
— I.-III., kings of the Asturias, L
615 ; xxii. 311.
— IV., king of Leon, I. 615.
- V., of Leon, I. 615 ; xxii. 312.
- VI., king of Castile, I. 615 ; XXII.
316 ; xix. 539.
- VII., of Castile, I. 616 ; xix. 540;
xxn. 316.
- VIII., of Castile, I. 617; xxn. 317.
IX., king of Leon, I. 616 ; xxii.
317.
— X., the Wise, king of Castile, I.
616; xxii. 318.
- XL, of Castile, I. 617 ; xxii. 319
— XIL, king of Spain, xxn. 346.
— I.-IV., princes of Este, vin. 559.
— I. -VI., kings of Portugal, I. 618.
See also Affonso.
DE CARTAGENA, Spanish historian,
i. 619.
ALPHONSUS A SANCTA MARIA, Spanish
historian, I. 619.
ALPINI, Prospero, Italian physician and
botanist, I. 619.
ALPINIA, genus of plants, x. ij.
ALPNACHERSEE, Lake of Lucerne,
Switzerland, xv. 41.
ALPS, the, I. 619 ; geological structure
of, x. 371, 373 ; Hannibal's passage
of, XI. 441; XX. 749; heights of,
compared with the Himalayas, XL
826; Saussure's observations on, xxi.
324; Southern, Xin. 434; Styrian,
xxii. 614; Swiss, xxn. 776, 779.
ALPUJARRAS, or Alpuxaras, district,
Spain, I. 636.
ALRED, archbishop of York, i. 475.
ALREDUS, early English historian, I.
636.
ALRESFORD, New, town, England, i. 636.
AL-RUSS, town, Arabia, xvii. 774.
ALSACE, province, Germany, I. 636;
ceded to Spain, XXII. 330; annexed to
France (1675), ix. 577; x. 502; re
stored to Germany (1871), ix. 627; x.
5I3-
ALSEN, island, Schleswig-Holstein, i.
637; xxi. 414.
ALSOP, Vincent, Puritan divine, I. 637.
ALSOPHILA, genus of tree-ferns, xxm.
534-
ALSTED, Johann Heinrich, German
author, I. 637; his Encyclopaedia, vm.
193-
ALSTON, Charles, Scottish botanist, I.
638; on the sexes of plants, IV. 82.
— , Mount, Vancouver Island, xxiv.
57-
ALSTONIA GUM, XL 339.
ALSTONITE, mineral, xvi. 398.
ALSTON MOOR, town, England, I. 476.
ALSTROEMER, Jonas, Swedish indus
trial reformer, I. 638.
ALT, river, Transylvania, I. 638.
ALTAI MOUNTAINS, Siberia, i. 638; n.
686; xxii. 2; xxm. 438.
ALTAITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
ALTAMAHA, river, Georgia, U.S.A., x.
434-
ALTAMURA, town, Italy, i. 638.
ALTAN KHAN, Mongol chief, xvi. 744.
ALTAR, i. 638.
ALTAR-WORSHIP, xxm. 165.
ALTAZIMUTH THEODOLITE, x. 165.
ALTDORF, town, Switzerland, i. 642;
XXIV. II.
— , Bavaria, University of, xxm. 845,
848.
ALTDORFER, Albrecht, German painter,
i. 642.
ALTEN, river, Norway, xvii. 576.
ALTENBURG, town, Germany, I. 642;
xxi. 347.
ALTEN GETTING, town, Bavaria, i. 642.
ALTENSTEIN, castle, Saxe-Meiningen,
Germany, I. 642.
ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS, in.
687; iv. 159; XIIL 146; xx. 429.
ALTH.EA ROSEA, species of plants, xn.
102.
AL-THING, parliament of Iceland, xn.
618, 621.
ALTHORP, Lord (Earl Spencer), English
statesman, xxn. 391.
ALTIERI, Emilio (Pope Clement X.), v.
822.
ALTIN, lake, Siberia, I. 642.
ALTING, Heinrich, German theologian,
I. 642.
, Jacob, German theologian, I. 642.
ALTIONOS (Tours), ancient town, France,
xxm. 491.
ALTIS, in ancient Olympia, xvii. 766,
768.
ALTITUDES, Geodesic determination of,
x. 171; meridian, xvn. 269; deter
mination of, in surveying, xxn. 707,
711.
ALTMARK, district, Prussian Saxony,
xxi. 359.
ALTO DOURO, Portugal, wine industry
of, xvn. 795 ; xxiv. 607.
ALTOETTING, town, Bavaria, I. 642.
ALTOFTS, parish, Yorkshire, England,
xvn. 552.
ALTON, town, England, I. 642.
— , town, Illinois, U.S.A., I. 643.
- LOCKE, Kingsley's novel, xiv. 88.
ALTONA, town, Schleswig-Holstein, i.
643; XL 404; xx. 16; xxi. 415;
observatory at, xvn. 712.
A L T — A M B
17
ALTOONA, town, Pennsylvania, i. 643.
ALTO ORINOCO, territory, Venezuela,
xxiv. 140.
ALTORF, town, Switzerland, I. 642 ;
xxn. 778.
ALTO-RlLlEVO, in sculpture, I. 643; the
largest in the world, I. 509.
ALTRINGHAM, town, England, i. 643.
ALTRUISM, in Comtist system, vi.
237-
ALTVATER, mountain, Moravia, xvi.
810; xxn. 53.
ALUCO, genus of birds, xvm. 91.
ALUM, chemical salt, I. 643 ; mineral,
xvi. 402.
ALUMAT, king of Persia, xvm. 633.
ALUMBAGH, enclosure, Lucknow, I. 647.
ALUMINITE, mineral, I. 645; xvi. 401.
ALUMINIUM, chemical element, I. 647 ;
v. 532; first isolated by Wohler, xxiv.
627 ; ores of, xvi. 58 ; spectrum of,
XXII. 377 ; sulphate of, XXII. 637.
BRONZE, iv. 367.
ALUNITE, mineral, xvi. 402.
ALUNOGENE, mineral, I. 645; xvi. 401.
ALURED, early English historian, i.
636, 425.
ALUTA, river, Transylvania, I. 638;
xxiii. 521.
ALVA, village, Scotland, I. 647; xxn.
554-
, Duke of, Spanish general, I. 647;
xvm. 744; in Holland, xn. 75.
ALVARADO, Pedro de, Spanish dis
coverer, i. 648.
ALVAREZ, Francisco, Portuguese tra
veller, i. 648.
— , Jose, Spanish sculptor, I. 649.
— , Manuel, Spanish sculptor, I. 649.
ALVARO DE LUNA, Spanish minister,
xxn. 321.
ALVEOLAR SARCOMA, disease, xvm.
369-
ALWAR, state, India, I. 649; xx. 260.
ALWIN, Henry Fitz, first mayor of Lon
don, xiv. 844.
ALYATTES, Lydian king, xv. 100; xxn.
1 86; his tomb, near Sardis, II. 401;
xv. 98.
ALYPIUS, Greek writer on music, I. 649.
of Antioch, geographer, I. 649.
ALYTH, town, Scotland, i. 649; XVIH.
667.
AMADAVAT, bird, xxiv. 463.
AMADEUS I.-IV., counts of Savoy, xxi.
339-
V., of Savoy, I. 650; xxi. 341.
VI., VII., of Savoy, xxi. 341.
— VIII., duke of Savoy (Felix V.,
antipope), I. 650; xix. 503; xxi. 341.
— IX., duke of Savoy, xxi. 341.
of Aosta, king of Spain, xxn. 346.
A-MADi, African nation, xvn. 473.
AMADIS OF GAUL, Spanish romance,
i. 650; ix. 653; xx. 653; xxii. 355.
AMADIS OF GREECE, romance, xx. 655.
AMADOU, fungus, i. 650.
AMAGAT, E. H. M., his experiments on
pressure of gases, XV. 495; xix. 242.
AMAGER, or Amak, island, Denmark, I.
651; vi. 343.
AMALABERGA, Frankish queen, x. 476.
AMALARIC, Gothic chief, x. 851.
AMALASONTHA, daughter of Theodoric,
i. 651; x. 851; xxni. 257.
AMALEKITES, of Scripture, i. 65 1 ; xvm.
175-
AMALFI, town, Italy, I. 652.
AMALGAM, mercurial alloy, i. 652; xvi.
33 ; mineral, xvi. 382.
AMALGAMATION, of metals, xvi. 58 ; of
gold, X. 747 ; of silver, xxii. 69.
AMALGAM-WORK, Japanese, xm. 591.
AMALIA, Anna, duchess of Saxe- Weimar,
i. 652; x. 728.
AMALRIC, or Amaury,king of Jerusalem,
vii. 752; xxni. 161.
, or Amalrich, of Bena, mystic, I.
652; xvn. 132; xxi. 426.
AMALRICANS, sect of the Free Spirit,
xvn. 132.
AMALRICH of Bena, mystic, I. 652;
xvii. 132; xxi. 426.
AMALTEO, Italian family, i. 652.
, Pomponio, Venetian painter, I. 652.
AMANA (Abana), river of Scripture,
Syria, xiv. 394.
COMMUNITY, communistic society,
U.S.A., vi. 216.
AMANCAES, Peruvian lily, xvm. 670.
AMAPALA, port, Honduras, xn. 130.
AMAR, Asiatic people, in Egyptian litera
ture, i. 747.
AMARANTH, i. 653.
AMARAPURA, or Ummerapoora, town,
Burmah, I. 653 ; in. 144.
AMARA SINHA, Sanskrit writer, I. 652.
AMAR DAS, Sikh ruler, India, xx. 1 10.
AMARGOSA, river, Nevada, U.S.A., xvn.
367-
AMARYLLIS, plant, xn. 265.
AMARYNTHOS, Amphictyony of, I. 773.
AMASIA, or Amasiayah, town, Turkey in
Asia, i. 653 ; xix. 459.
AMASIS, king of Egypt, I. 653; iv. 733;
vii. 743; xix. 417.
AMASTRIS, Persian princess, xv. 119.
, ancient town, Paphlagonia, xvm.
227.
AMAT, Felix, Spanish historian, i. 653.
AM ATI, family of violin makers, I. 654;
xvii. 98; xxiv. 245.
j AMATITLAN, lake and town, Guatemala,
i. 654 ; XL 239.
AMATIVENESS, in phrenology, xvin.
844.
AMAURI, or Amalric, of Bena, mystic, I.
652; xvii. 132; xxi. 426.
AMAUROSIS, disease of the eye, I. 654 ;
xvn. 784.
AMAURY, or Amalric, king of Jerusalem,
vn. 752; xxni. 161.
AMAXICHI, or Amaxikhi, town, Ionian
Islands, I. 654 ; xxi. 297.
AMA-XOSAS, race, South Africa, xm.
819.
AMAZON, or Amazons, river, South
America, I. 654, 674; IV. 221; birds
of, in. 746.
AMAZON AS, territory, Venezuela, xxiv.
140.
AMAZONS, female warriors, i. 655; xxi.
310; of Dahomey, vi. 767.
AMAZON-STONE, mineral, XL 48; xvi.
419.
AMA-ZULU RACE, South Africa, xm.
818; xvii. 319; xxiv. 828.
AMBALA, division, district, and town,
British India, I. 655; xx. 109.
AMBARAWA, town, Java, xm. 606.
AMBARVALIA, Roman festival, i. 656;
xv. 570.
AMBASSADOR, i. 657; his position and
rights, xm. 193.
AMBATO, town, Ecuador, I. 659.
AMBER, i. 659; xvi. 428; xx. 143;
electric properties of, vill. 3; Phoe
nician, xvm. 806.
, Liquid, liquidambar, XIV. 687.
AMBERBAKI, Papuan tribe, xvn. 388.
AMBERG, town, Bavaria, i. 660.
AMBERGRIS, concretion in sperm whale,
i. 660; xv. 396; xxiv. 525; as
perfume, xvm. 526.
AMBERNO, river, New Guinea, xvn.
386.
AMBERT, town, France, I. 661; xx. 120.
AMBLESIDE, town, England, i. 661 ;
xxiv. 516.
AMBLETEUSE, town, France, i. 66 1.
AMBLYCEPHALID/E, family of snakes,
xxn. 193.
AMBLYGONITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
AMBLYOPIA, eye disease, xvn. 784.
AMBLYOPSIS SPEL^EUS, blind fish, xv.
450.
AMBLYPODA, suborder of ungulate mam
mals, xv. 426.
AMBLYRHYNCHUS, genus of reptiles,
xx. 453.
AMBLYSTEGITE, mineral, xvi. 415.
AMBLYSTOMA, metamorphosed siredon
(amphibian), I. 760; xxn. 96.
AMBO, reading desk, I. 661.
AMBOHI MANGA, town, Madagascar, xv.
175-
AMBOISE, town, France, I. 66 1.
— , Cardinal, tomb of, at Rouen, xxi.
13-
AMBON, reading desk, I. 66 1.
AMBOYNA, island and town, Moluccas, I.
661.
AMBRA, poem by Lorenzo dei Medici,
xv. 786.
AMBRACIA, ancient town, Epirus, I. 661.
AMBREIN, constituent of ambergris, i.
660.
AMBRIZIANS, tribe, Congo, vi. 267.
AMBRO, Cape, Madagascar, xv. 168.
AMBROGINI, Angelo (Politian), Italian
scholar and poet, xix. 345; xx. 384.
XXV. — 3
18
A M B — A M M
AMBROGIO LORENZETTI, Italian painter,
xxi. 434.
AMBROSE of Alexandria, I. 662.
, St, bishop of Milan, I. 662 ; his
ethical teaching, vm. 592 ; as hymn
writer, XII. 581 ; promoter of music,
xvii. 80; his relations with Augus
tine, III. 76; with Theodosius I.,
XXIIL 259.
, Isaac, Puritan divine, I. 664.
AMBROSIA, in Greek mythology, xvn.
3i3-
AMBROSIAN BREVIARY, iv. 263.
AMBROSIAN CHANT, xix. 169.
AMBROSIAN LIBRARY, at Milan, xiv.
53i-
AMBROSIAN Music, xvn. 80.
AMBROSIO, or the Monk, M. G. Lewis's
romance, XIV. 493.
AMBROSIUS, Aurelianus, leader of the
Britons, I. 665.
AMBRYM, island, New Hebrides, xvn.
395-
AMBULACRAL SYSTEM, of Echinoder-
niata, vn. 629.
AMBULANCE, i. 665.
AMBURBIUM, Roman festival, xv. 66.
AMCHENSK (Mtsensk), town, Russia,
XVII. 12.
A.M.D.G., Jesuits' motto, xm. 649.
AMEER, Oriental title, I. 1 54.
AL-HAJJ, leader of Meccan pilgrim
age, xvi. 592.
AMELIA, novel by Fielding, IX. 146.
AMELIE-LES-BAINS, spa, France, xx.
128; mineral water of, xvi. 435.
AMELIUS, Neoplatonist philosopher,
xvn. 336.
AMELOT DE LA HOUSSAYE, Abraham
N., French writer, I. 668.
AMELOTTE, Denis, French writer, I. 668.
AMEN, Egyptian god, i. 740; vn. 717.
AMENEMHAT I.-III., kings of Egypt,
vii. 734.
AMENOPHIS I.-IV., kings of Egypt, vii.
737, 738-
AMENOPHIUM, temple, Egypt, vn. 779.
A MENSA ET THORO, in divorce suits,
vii. 301.
AMENTI, Egyptian divinities, vii. 718.
AMENTIFER.E, division of plants, i. 668.
AMERICA, I. 669; origin of the name,
x. 182; XXIV. 192; early knowledge
of, x. 178; discovered by Columbus,
VI. 173; x. 1 80; influence of its dis
covery on commerce, VI. 201; effect of
its discovery on Spain, xxn. 327;
alleged discovery of, by Bjarni, XI.
171; Icelandic works on its discovery,
XII. 624; ancient architecture, II. 450;
birds, ill. 744, 748, 750; breeding
of cattle in, I. 387; coins, XVII. 658;
cotton supply, vi. 484; flora, vii. 289,
290; forests, IX. 405; gold, x. 743;
Indians, XII. 822, 830; original in
habitants, xvi. 206; languages, xvm.
780; dictionaries of languages, vn.
193; Methodist churches in, xvi. 191;
Christian missions to, XVI. 513, 516;
rainfall, xvi. 153; aboriginal religions,
xx. 364.
AMERICA, Central, birds of, in. 748;
ancient culture in, xvi. 213.
— , North, birds of, in. 750; xvm.
1 6; coalfields, vi. 60; fishes, xn. 676,
679.
, South, birds of, in. 744; coal
fields, vi. 60; fishes, xn. 673.
, United States of, XXin. 729.
AMERICAN ALOE, i. 597.
AMERICAN CYCLOPAEDIA, vin. 204; xx.
568.
AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE, struggle
for, vin. 357; xxin. 741; Burke's
attitude to, iv. 544; declaration of,
xxin. 743.
AMERICAN INDIANS, i. 685; xn. 822,
830.
AMERICAN LEATHER CLOTH, xiv. 391.
AMERICAN LITERATURE, i. 718.
AMERICAN NOTES, Dickens's work, vn.
176.
AMERICAN ORGAN, XL 483.
AMERICAN OSTRICH, xx. 505.
AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY,
xvin. 740.
AMERIGO VESPUCCI, xxiv. 192; his
discoveries, x. 181.
AMERSFOORT, town, Holland, i. 735;
xxiv. 21.
AMERSHAM, town, England, i. 735.
AMES, Fisher, American statesman and
author, I. 735, 721.
, Joseph, English writer, I. 735.
, William, Puritan divine and mor
alist, I. 735; xxin. 850.
AMESBURY, town, England, I. 736.
AMESIUS (William Ames), divine and
moralist, I. 735; XXIIL 850.
AMETHYST, precious stone, i. 736; xvi.
389; oriental, xvi. 385.
AMETO, Boccaccio's work, in. 843.
AMHARA, province, Abyssinia, I. 64.
AMHARIC LANGUAGE, xxi. 655; dic
tionaries of, vii. 192.
AMHERST, district and town, British
Burmah, I. 737.
— , town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., I. 737;
observatory at, xvn. 715.
, Earl, I. 737; his embassy to China,
v. 651; governor-general of India, XII.
806.
COLLEGE, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
XL 349; xxin. 857.
AMHURST, Nicholas, English writer, I.
738.
AMIANTHUS, mineral, I. 738; n. 675;
xvi. 416, 417.
AMIATA, Monte, mountain, Italy, xin.
438.
AMICABLE SOCIETY, insurance company,
xin. 1 80.
AMIC ACIDS, v. 578.
AMICE, ecclesiastical vestment, vi. 462.
AMICI, Giovanni Battista, Italian opti
cian, I. 738; his microscopic objectives,
xvi. 263.
AMIDES, in chemistry, v. 577; vegetable,
xix. 54.
AMIDO- ACIDS, in chemistry, xvn. 519.
AMIENS, town, France, I. 738; xxn. 261;
organ at, xvn. 837; sculptures in the
cathedral, xxi. 562; peace of (1802)
I. 146; ix. 614; xvn. 205.
AMIN, caliph, xvi. 583.
AMINES, in chemistry, v. 574.
AMINI, island, Laccadives, Indian Ocean,
xiv. 183.
AMINTA, Tasso's drama, xvin. 345;
xxin. 76.
AMIOIDEI, suborder of fishes, xn. 688.
AMIOT, Joseph, Jesuit missionary, I.
738.
AMIR, Oriental title, I. 1 54.
— Muizzi, Persian writer, xvm.
658.
AMIS ET AMILE, French chanson, ix.
638.
AMISUS, ancient town, Asia Minor,
xvin. 228; xix. 459.
AMITERNUM, Sabine town, Italy, xxi.
129.
AMIURUS, genus of fishes, xxi I. 68.
AMLWCH, town, Wales, i. 738.
AM-MACHU, river, Sikkim, India, xxn.
SI-
AMMAN, Johann Conrad, Swiss physi
cian, I. 739; teacher of deaf mutes,
vn. 6.
, Jost, Swiss wood-engraver, I. 739;
vin. 437.
, Paul, German physician and botan
ist, I. 739.
AMMANATI, Bartolomeo, Florentine
architect, I. 739.
AMMANITES, Swiss sect, xvi. 1 2.
AMMARIUNO (Murano), island, Venice,
xvn. 48.
AMMIANUS, Marcelliuus, Roman his
torian, i. 739.
AMMIRATO, Scipio, Italian historian, I.
740.
AMMODYTINA, genus of fishes, xxi.
257.
AMMOMANES, genus of birds, xiv. 315.
AMMON, of Scripture, I. 742; xvi. 533.
— , Egyptian divinity, I. 740; vn.
717.
, in Libyan oasis, oracle at, I. 482.
, Christoph Friedrich von, German
theologian, I. 741.
AMMONIA, in chemistry, I. 741; v. 509;
xvn. 516; product of shale, xvin.
241; salts of, v. 510; XL 234; xvin.
819; salts as manure, xv. 512.
AMMONIAC, Sal, chemical salt, I. 741.
AMMONIACUM, resinous exudation, I.
742.
AMMONIA PROCESS, in soda manufac
ture, xxn. 244.
AMMONITE MARBLE, xv. 529.
A M M — A N A
19
AMMONITES, of Scripture, 1.742; xin.
397; xvm. 175.
, fossil Mollusca, xvi. 669, 671,
674.
AMMONIUM, Cyanide of, xx. 23.
SALTS, xvm. 92.
AMMONIUS HERMI/E, philosopher of
Alexandria, I. 743.
AMMONIUS LITHOTOMUS, surgeon of
Alexandria, xxil. 674.
AMMONIUS SACCAS, founder of Alex
andrian school of Neoplatonists, I.
743; xvii. 335.
AMMOPERDIX, genus of birds, xvm. 333.
AMMOTHEA, genus of Arachnida, II. 277.
AMMUNITION, i. 744; ix. 453; sporting,
xxi. 835.
WAGGONS, n. 66 1.
AMNESTY, i. 746.
AMOEBA, genus of Protozoa, xix. 828,
842; xn. 4.
AMCEBOID MOVEMENT, of plants, xix.
6r.
AMOL, town, Persia, I. 746.
AMOLE, plant, xvii. 401.
AMONTILLADO WINE, xvi. 791; xxiv.
607.
AMONTONS, Guillaume, French physic
ist, i. 746.
AMOOR, Amour, or Amur, river, Eastern
Asia, I. 746; XV. 548; xvni. 117;
xxi. 68; xxil. 5.
, government, Russia, XXII. 2.
AMORAIM, expounders of the Talmud,
XXIII. 36.
AMORAL, Ferreira do, governor of
Macao, xv. 125.
AMORITES, of Scripture, I. 747; iv. 763;
xin. 397; xvi. 533.
AMORPHISM, in chemistry and miner
alogy, i. 747.
AMORPHOUS ROCKS, x. 308.
AMORTIZATION, of loans, xvii. 244.
AMOS, Old Testament prophet, I. 747;
XIIL 410; xix. 817.
AMOUR (Amoor, q.v.), river, Asia, I. 746.
AMOV, town, China, I. 748; v. 636.
AMPANAN, harbour, Lombok, Indian
Archipelago, Xiv. 817.
AMPELIS, genus of birds, xxiv. 460.
AMPERE, electrical unit of measure
ment, xxm. 1 1 6.
AMPERE, Andre Marie, French scientist,
I. 748; his contributions to electrical
science, vm. 10, 67, 70, 74; his mag
netic molecule hypothesis, xv. 276.
, Jean Jacques Antoine, French
writer, I. 749; on the ballads of
France, in. 284.
AMPHIARAUS, in Greek mythology, I.
749; vin. 524; oracle of, xvii. 808;
xvm. 50.
AMPHIARTHRODIAL JOINTS, i. 833.
AMPHIBIA, class of vertebrate animals,
I. 750; xx. 432; distribution of, vn.
270, 282; hibernation, XI. 789; their
relation to Mammalia, xv. 370; in
Lankester's classification, xxiv. 812;
olfactory organs of, xxn. 166; skele
ton of, xxn. 106; works on develop
ment of, vm. 1 68.
AMPHIBOLE, mineral, xvi. 417.
AMPHIBOLOGY, Liguorian doctrine of,
Xiv. 638.
AMPHICONDYLA, branch of the Verte-
brata, xxiv. 812.
AMPHICTYONY, Greek religious con
federation, i. 772; XL 92; xvn. 766.
AMPHIDOZOTHERIUM, genus of fossil
Insectivora, XV. 405.
AMPHILINID^, family of tape-worms,
xxm. 54.
AMPHILOCHIA, work of Photius, XVIIL
821.
AMPHIMORPH/E, group of birds, in.
712.
AMPHION, in Greek mythology, I. 774;
tomb of, at Thebes, xxm. 230.
— , spa, France, xxi. 332.
AMPHIOXUS, genus of fishes, i. 774; n.
53; Xiv. 258; xxm. 609; xxiv. 180,
183, 184.
AMPHIPERATHERIUM, fossil opossum,
xvn. 797.
AMPHIPODA, order of Crustacea, vi.
661.
AMPHIPOLIS, town, Macedonia, I. 774;
xv. 137; xvn. 326.
AMPHISB^TNA, genus of lizards, i. 774;
xx. 457.
AMPHITHEATRE, i. 774; Roman, x. 65;
xx. 830; architecture of, II. 419; near
Dorchester, England, VII. 372; at
Nhnes, France, xvii. 510; at Pola,
Dalmatia, xix. 284; atSaintes, France,
xxi. 167; at Verona, xxiv. 172.
AMPHITHERIUM, fossil mammal, xv.
375-
AMPHITRITE, in Greek legend, I. 776;
xvii. 346; xix. 558.
AMPHITRUO, Plautus's comedy, xxi.
216.
AMPHITRYON, Moliere's play, xvi.
629.
AMPHODELITE, mineral, xvi. 420.
AMPHORA, ancient vessel, i. 776; xix.
182, 614; Roman measure, xxiv. 486.
AMPLEPIUS, town, France, xx. 529.
AMPLITUDE, in astronomy, i. 776.
AMPRACIA (Ambracia), ancient town,
Epirus, I. 66 1.
AMPSAGA, river, Numidia, xv. 636;
xvn. 627.
AMPSANCTI VALLIS, Italy, i. 778.
AMPTHILL, town, England, I. 776.
AMPULLA, ancient vessel, I. 776.
AMPULLARID^E, family of snails, xxn.
187.
AMPUTATION, in surgery, xxn. 678,
688.
AMR, Mosque of, Cairo, xvi. 864.
— B. AL-As, Moslem conqueror of
Egypt, i. 778; vii. 749; xvi. 558, 565,
567; his capture of Alexandria, I. 494.
AMR B. KOLTHUM, Arabic poet, xvi.
537-
B. SAID, pseudo-caliph, xvi. 570.
AMRAALKAIS, or Amru-el-Kais, Arabic
poet, i. 778; xvi. 537.
AMRAOTI, district and town, India, I.
777-
AMRIT MAHAL, breed of cattle, India,
xn. 752.
AMRITSAR, district and town, India, I.
777; xx. 109, 1 10.
AMRU, fabulous bird, XX. 611.
BEN-EL-Ass, Moslem conqueror of
Egypt,l. 778; vn. 749; xvi. 558, 565;
his capture of Alexandria, I. 494.
EL-KAis, or Amraalkais, Arabian
poet, i. 778; xvi. 537.
AMSANCTI VALLIS, Italy, i. 778.
AMSDORF, Nicolaus, Reformer, I. 778;
xv. 85.
AMSLER, Samuel, engraver, I. 779.
AMSTEL, river, Netherlands, i. 779.
AMSTERDAM, capital of Holland, i. 779;
XII. 65; academy of sciences, I. 73;
bank of, ill. 337; canal, IV. 788;
libraries, Xiv. 532; ordinances of, XXI.
584; university, xxm. 850.
— , island, Indian Ocean, I. 781.
AMU DARIA, or Amu (Oxus), river, Cen
tral Asia, XVIII. 101 ; IV. i ; XXIII.
512.
AMUL, or Amol, town, Persia, I. 746.
AMULET, charm, i. 781.
AMUR (Amoor), river, Eastern Asia, I.
746; xv. 548; xvm. 117; xxi. 68;
xxn. 5.
, government, Russia, XXIL 2.
AMURATH, or Murad, I., Turkish sultan,
i. 781; xxm. 641.
- II., sultan, I. 781; XXlll. 641; his
victory over the Poles, XIX. 289.
- III., sultan, I. 782; XXIII. 644.
- IV., sultan, I. 782; xxm. 645.
V., sultan, xxm. 652.
AMURSAMA, Kalmuk khan, xvi. 746.
AMWELL, village, England, i. 782.
AMY, Pierre, friend of Rabelais, XX. 194.
AMYGDALON, reservoir, Jerusalem, xin.
638.
AMYLOID DEGENERATION, in patho
logy, xvni. 390.
AMYMONE, in Greek legend, i. 782.
AMYNTAS, king of Macedonia, xv. 138.
AMYNTOR, Toland's work, xxm. 434.
AMYOT, Jacques, French bishop and
writer, I. 782; in. 143; IX. 656; Xiv.
868.
AMYRALDISTS, sect, followers of Amy-
raiit, iv. 742.
AMYRAUT, Moses, French theologian, I.
782; iv. 741; xvni. 492.
AMYRT^EUS, Egyptian king, vn. 744;
xvm. 574.
ANA, i. 783; in. 655; French, ix. 657.
, town, Mesopotamia, II. 59; XVI. 48.
ANABAPTISTS, religious sect, I. 786; in.
353; xvi. 12.
20
A N A — A N D
ANABAPTIST TUMULTS, in Germany, i.
786; xv. 78.
ANABASIS, Xenoplion's work, I. 787;
xxiv. 721.
ANABOLISM, constructive processes, in
physiology, xix. 13, 19, 22, 49; xxi.
724.
ANACANTHINI, order of fishes, xu. 691.
ANACAPRI, town, Italy, v. 77.
ANACHARSIS, Scythian philosopher, I.
787.
— , Lucian's dialogue, xv. 45.
, Voyage de, Barthelemy's work, ill.
402.
— CLOOTZ, French Revolutionist, vi.
37-
ANACHRONISM, i. 787.
ANACLETUS II., antipope, xix. 500.
ANACOLUTHON, grammatical incongru-
ity, i. 787.
ANACONDA, snake, i. 788; in. 841.
, Copper mines of, Montana, U.S.A.,
xxin. 816.
ANACREON, Greek poet, i. 788.
ANADYOMENE, epithet of Aphrodite, i.
788.
ANADYR, gulf and river, Siberia, I. 789;
xv. 547.
AN/EMIA, disease, xiu. 359; diet in,
VII. 206; as caused by parasites, XVlll.
270; pernicious, xvni. 377.
ANAEROBIOTIC PLANTS, xix. 51.
ANESTHESIA, in medicine, I. 789; pro
duced by chloroform, v. 680.
ANAESTHETICS, xvn. 230; as poisons,
xix. 279.
ANAGHMORE, Lough, Ireland, xx. 171.
ANAGNI, town, Italy, i. 790.
ANAGRAM, transposition of letters, i.
790.
ANAH, town, Turkey in Asia, II. 59.
ANAHUAC, plateau, Mexico, i. 791; xvi.
206.
ANAKA, Egyptian goddess, n. 90.
ANAKAPALLE, town, India, xxiv. 267.
ANALCIME, mineral, xvi. 421.
ANALOGICAL CHANGE, in philology,
xvni. 783.
ANALOGY, logical process, i. 791.
, in comparative anatomy, I. 793;
contrasted with homology, xxiv. 807.
, Divine, Bishop Browne's work, iv.
389-
— OF RELIGION, Bishop Butler'swork,
iv. 583.
ANALYSIS, i. 793.
, Chemical, I. 795; ultimate, v.
544-
— , Harmonic, in physics, XL 481.
, Logical, i. 796; XIV. 785.
— , Mathematical, I. 793; ix. 818;
residual, Landcn's theorem of, XIV.
271.
— , Psychological, I. 796.
OF THE MIND, James Mill's work,
xvi. 307.
ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY, x. 408.
ANALYTICAL TRIGONOMETRY, xxm. |
568.
ANALYTIC JUDGMENTS, i. 797.
ANALYTICS, in logic, xiv. 785.
, Aristotle's work, n. 516.
ANAM, kingdom, Cochin China, I. 798;
VI. 94; Roman Catholic missions in,
xix. Si i.
ANAMESE, people and language, vi. 95;
dictionary of language, vil. 182.
ANAMIS, river, Persia, xvn. 856.
ANAMOBOE, settlement, West Africa, n.
61; x. 755.
ANAN, founder of the Karaites, xiv. 2.
ANANASSA SATIVA, plant, xix. 106.
AN ANDA, Buddha's attendant, IV. 43 1 .
ANANG-PAL, raja of Lahore, xv. 286.
ANAN-ISHO, Syriac writer, xxn. 843.
ANAO, islets, Tuamotu, South Pacific,
xxin. 602.
ANARCHISM, socialistic, xxn. 216.
ANARCHY, defined, xiv. 356.
ANARRHICHAS LUPUS, species of fishes,
xxi. 614.
ANAS, genus of birds, vn. 505; xix.
647; xxi. 378; xxin. 105; xxiv.
56!.
AN AST AS i AN WALL, from Propontis to
Euxine, I. 798.
ANASTASIOPOLIS, town, Mesopotamia,
xvi. 48.
ANASTASIUS I.-IL, emperors of Con
stantinople, i. 798.
, Hope's novel, xu. 158.
ANASTATES, in physiology, xix. 19.
ANASTATIC PRINTING, xxn. 716.
ANATASE, mineral, xvi. 387; xxin. 410.
ANATHEMA, i. 798; vm. 791.
ANATHO (Ana), ancient town, Mesopo
tamia, xvi. 48.
ANATIDE, family of birds, vn. 505.
ANATOLIA, division, Asiatic Turkey,
ii. 703; xxin. 654.
ANATOMY, i. 799 (index, 908); vn. 221;
in relation to medicine, xv. 794; to
physiology, Xix. 8; to phrenology,
xviil. 846; its importance in zoolo
gical study, xxiv. 814; comparative,
VI. 225; XXIV. 800; of the digestive
organs, vn. 221; of the skeleton, xxn.
105; of Amphibia, I. 751; of birds,
ill. 699; of fishes, XII. 635; of mam
mals, xv. 347; of man, I. 799; vn.
221; of reptiles, XX. 445; Blumen-
bach's works on, ill. 841 ; researches in,
by Malpighi, xv. 338; by Morgagni,
xvi. 822; by Rokitansky, XX. 624.
ACT (1871), xv. 799.
— OF MELANCHOLY, Burton's work,
iv. 571.
ANAUXITE, mineral, xvi. 424.
ANAXAGORAS, Greek philosopher, n. i ;
on astronomy, n. 746; on evolution,
vm. 756; his influence on Pericles,
xvni. 529.
ANAXARCHUS, Greek philosopher, n. 2;
i. 484.
ANAXILAUS of Larissa, physician, n. 2.
ANAXIMANDER, Greek philosopher, n.
2; on astronomy, 1 1. 746.
ANAXIMENES of Lampsacus, Greek
rhetorician, II. 2; his Rhetoric, xx.
of Miletus, Greek philosopher, n.
2; on astronomy, n. 746.
ANAXONIA, morphological forms, xvi.
843-
ANBIYANAMA, Persian books, xvni.
657.
ANCELOT, Jacques A. F. P., French
dramatist, n. 2.
ANCESTOR WORSHIP, xvn. 141; xxin.
467.
ANCHAR, tree, xxin. 859.
ANCHINIA, genus of Tunicata, xxin.
615.
ANCHISES, in classical legend, n. 3.
ANCHOR, ii. 3; xxi. 597.
ANCHORAGE, n. 8.
ANCHORETS, or Anchorites, hermits, I.
10; xvi. 698.
ANCHOVY, fish, n. 9; xn. 694; fishery,
in Italy, xin. 455.
ANCHYLOSIS, stiffness of joint, n. 9;
xxn. 686.
ANCIENT MARINER, Coleridge's poem,
vi. 136.
ANCILLON, Charles, French writer, n. 9.
, David, French divine, n. 9.
, Johann P. F., Prussian historian
and statesman, 1 1. 9.
ANCLAM, town, Prussia, n. 59.
ANCONA, province, Italy, n. 9; town,
n. 10.
ANCUS MARCIUS, Roman king, ii. 10.
ANCYLUS, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 661.
ANCYRA (Angora), ancient town, Asia
Minor, n. 45; battle of (r. 242 B.C.),
XVII. 588.
ANDA-EL-MlSK (Dizful), town, Persia,
vn. 305.
ANDALIYEH (Satali), town, Asia Minor,
xxi. 317.
ANDALUSIA, province, Spain, n. 10;
xxn. 298.
ANDALUSIAN DIALECT, xxn. 351.
ANDALUSITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
ANDAMAN ISLANDS, Bay of Bengal, n.
ii, 685; xn. 815; birds of, in. 761.
ANDEIRA, Joao Fernancles, Portuguese
ambassador, xix. 543.
ANDELYS, Les, town, France, n. 13.
ANDENNE, town, Belgium, n. 13.
ANDERIDA, in Kent, Storming of (491),
vin. 270.
ANDERNACH, town, Rhenish Prussia,
n. 13.
ANDERSEN, Hans Christian, Danish
writer, vn. 93.
ANDERSON, Adam, Scottish economist,
ii. 14.
— , Alexander, mathematician, n. 14.
, Andrew, his laws of draughts, vn.
A N D — A N G
21
ANDERSON, Sir Edmund, lord chief-
justice of England, II. 14.
, James, Scottish antiquary, II. 14.
, James, LL.D., Scottish economist,
ii. 14; xix. 374.
, John, founder of Anderson's
College, Glasgow, u. 14.
, John, founder of School of Science
at Penikese, U.S.A., I. 277.
, John Henry, the Wizard of the
North, XV. 208.
, Robert, Scottish author and critic,
n. 14.
ANDERSON'S COLLEGE, Glasgow, n. 14;
x. 644.
ANDERSSEN, Adolphus, German chess
player, v. 602.
ANDES, mountains, n. 15; i. 670; birds
of, ill. 746; of Argentine Republic, II.
488; of Bolivia, IV. 11; of Chili, v.
616; of Ecuador, vil. 644; of Peru,
xviil. 672.
, Los, state, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
ANDESINE, mineral, xvi. 420.
ANDEVO, class of society, Madagascar,
xv. 171.
ANDIANS, Caucasian tribe, xiv. 475.
ANDIGENA, genus of birds, xxm. 477.
ANDIJAN, town, Turkestan, ix. 85 ;
xxm. 637.
ANDIRA, genus of trees, x. 707.
ANDKHUI, province, Afghanistan, I. 243.-
ANDO, island, Norway, Xiv. 769.
ANDOCIDES, Greek orator, n. 18.
ANDOMA, river, Russia, xvu. 772.
ANDORRE, or Andorra, state, between
France and Spain, n. 18.
ANDOVER, town, England, n. 18.
— — , town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., n.
1 8.
ANDRADA, Antonio d', traveller in Tibet,
xiv. 502.
, Diego Payva d', Portuguese theo
logian, ii. 19.
E SYLVA, Bonifacio Jose d', Bra
zilian naturalist and statesman, n. 19.
ANDRE, Major John, soldier in American
war, n. 19; xxm. 744, 787.
ANDREA, Giovanni, Italian canonist, II.
19.
DELLA ROBBIA, Florentine sculp
tor, xx. 590.
DEL SARTO, Italian painter, xxi.
3i5-
ANDREW, Johann Valentin, Rosicrucian
writer, XX. 852.
, Laurentius, Swedish theologian,
xxii. 754.
ANDRE^EACE^E, family of mosses, xvn.
73-
ANDREANI, Andrea, Italian wood-en
graver, n. 20.
, Paul, his balloon, I. 190.
ANDREAS, early English poem, vin.
404.
ANDREASBERG, town, Prussia, n. 20.
ANDREEVA, town, Russia, ii. 20.
ANDREEVKA, town, Russia, xxm. 83.
ANDRENOVIAN ISLANDS, North Pacific,
i. 479.
ANDREOLI, Giorgio, majolica worker,
xix. 626.
ANDREOSSI, Antoine Frangois, Comte
d', French officer, II. 20.
ANDRES, Juan, Spanish author, n. 20.
ANDREW, St, of Scripture, n. 20.
I. -1 1 1., kings of Hungary, XII. 368.
-, John Albion, governor of Massa
chusetts, xxm. 773, 787.
ANDREWES, Lancelot, English bishop,
ii. 20; vni. 388.
ANDREWS, James Pettit, English writer,
II. 21.
, Thomas, his researches on carbonic
acid gas, xix. 244.
ANDRIA, town, Italy, n. 21.
, Terence's play, xxm. 187.
ANDRIACUS, river, Asia Minor, xv. 94.
ANDRLE, Gudmund, Icelandic writer,
xxi. 368.
ANDRIAMANITRA, in Malagasy religion,
xv. 173.
ANDRIANA, class of society, Madagascar,
xv. 171.
ANDRIEU, Bertrand, French engraver,
II. 22.
ANDRISCUS, the false Philip, ii. 22.
ANDRO, island, Greece, n. 23.
ANDROCLUS, Roman lion-tamer, n. 22.
ANDROLEPSIA, Greek custom of re
prisal, i. 1 60.
ANDROMACHE, in Greek legend, ii. 22.
, Euripides's play, vin. 676.
ANDROMAQUE, Racine's drama, xx. 206.
ANDROMEDA, in Greek legend, ii. 22;
XVIIL 560.
ANDROMEDS, meteors, xvi. in.
ANDRONICUS I.-III., Byzantine em
perors, ii. 22, 23; XVIIL 166.
— of Cyrrhus, Greek astronomer, II.
23-
— of Rhodes, Peripatetic philosopher,
n. 23; XVIIL 546; editor of Aris
totle's writings, II. 512.
ANDROS, island, Greece, n. 23.
, Sir Edmund, governor, New York,
xvn. 455.
ANDROSCOGGIN, river, Maine, U.S.A.,
xv. 298.
ANDROS ISLANDS, West Indies, in. 236.
ANDROT, island, Laccadives, Indian
Ocean, xiv. 183.
ANDROTION, Demosthenes's speech
against, vn. 69.
ANDRUSZOWO, Treaty of (1667), xix.
295.
ANDUJAR, town, Spain, n. 23.
ANDUZE, town, France, n. 24.
ANECDOTA, of Procopius, xix. 791.
ANECDOTE, n. 24.
ANEGADA ISLAND, West Indies, xxiv.
261.
ANEITEUM, island, New Hebrides, xvn.
395-
ANEL, Dominique, French surgeon, n.
24.
ANELLO, Tommaso (Masaniello), Neapo
litan revolutionist, xv. 606.
ANEMOMETER, wind-measurer, n. 24;
xx. 608.
ANEMONE, flower, xn. 253.
ANEMONES, Sea, i. 129; vi. 369; as
parasites, XVIIL 261.
ANENCEPHALOUS MONSTER, xvi. 763.
ANEROID BAROMETER, in. 383.
ANET, town, France, n. 26.
ANETHUM, genus of plants, vn. 240.
ANEURIN, Book of, Welsh poems, v. 317.
ANEURISM, disease, u. 26; treatment of,
xii. 388; xxii. 683.
A NEW WAY TO PAY OLD DEBTS, Mas-
singer's play, xv. 619.
ANEYSA, town, Arabia, xvn. 773.
AN FA (Casa Blanca), town, Morocco, xvi.
831-
ANGAD, Sikh ruler, India, xx. 1 10.
ANGAKOK or Angekok, Eskimo wizard,
VIL 63; VIIL 546.
ANGARA, rivers, Siberia, ii. 26; xxii. 5;
xxm. 510; xxiv. 742.
ANGARIA, ancient Persian and Roman
postal system, n. 26.
ANGASTON, town, South Australia, xxii.
284.
ANGEKOK, or Angakok, Eskimo wizard,
vii. 63; VIIL 546.
ANGEL, of Scripture, n. 26, 183.
, gold coin, II. 28.
ANGEL-FISH, xn. 686.
ANGELICA, genus of plants, n. 28.
ANGELIC BRETHREN, German sect, x.
588.
ANGELICO, Fra, Italian painter, ix. 148,
772.
ANGELIQUE DE SAINTE MAGDELEINE,
Marie, abbess of Port- Royal, n. 62 r ;
xix. 533.
ANGELIQUE DE SAINT JEAN, abbess of
Port-Royal, n. 620.
ANGELN, peninsula, Schleswig-Holstein,
xxi. 415.
ANGELO, Michel (Michelangelo), xvi.
229.
ANGELUS, Isaac II., Byzantine emperor,
xni. 374.
SILESIUS, German poet, II. 28.
ANGER, suburb, Passau, Bavaria, XVIIL
o 341-
ANGERMANN, river, Sweden, n. 29;
xxii. 736.
ANGERMUNDE, town, Prussia, ii. 29.
ANGERS, town, France, II. 29; univer
sity of, xxm. 839, 851.
ANGERSTEIN, John Julius, patron of
fine arts, n. 29.
ANGHIARI, town, Italy, n. 29.
, Baldaccio d', Florentine soldier,
xv. 784.
ANGILBERT, St, mediaeval poet, ii. 29.
ANGINA PECTORIS, disease, n. 29; XL
554-
22
A N G — A N N
ANGIOLELLO, Giovan Maria, Italian
traveller, x. 179.
ANGIOLIERI, Cecco, Italian poet, xin.
501.
ANGIOSPERM;E, class of plants, xxiv.
131; fertilization in, XX. 4-28.
ANGKOR, Euins of, Siam, iv. 726; xxi.
853-
ANGLE, in geometry, n. 29 ; x. 377 ;
magnitude and measurement of, XV.
667; xxm. 563; measurement of, in
surveying, xxn. 698, 703.
•, of a crystal, XVI. 347, 352.
ANGLES, Teutonic tribe, II. 30; their set
tlement in England, vill. 268,270; XXI.
739; in Northumberland, xvil. 568.
ANGLESEA, or Anglesey, county, Wales,
II. 30; population and representation,
xxm. 727.
, Earl of (Annesley), n. 30.
ANGLESEY, Marquis of (Paget), n. 30.
ANGLESITE, lead ore, xiv. 375; xvi.
400.
ANGLING, n. 32; Izaak Walton on,
xxiv. 342.
ANGLO-SAXON ALPHABET, i. 612.
ANGLO-SAXON LANGUAGE, vni. 391,
392; dictionaries of, vn. 187.
ANGLO-SAXON LITERATURE, vm. 403.
ANGLO-SAXONS, Weapons of the, n. 555.
ANGOCHE, district, East Africa, XVIL 7.
ANGOLA, country, West Africa, II. 45 ;
I. 269; xxiv. 828.
ANGON, ancient Prankish dart, 1 1. 555.
ANGORA, province, Turkey in Asia,
xxm. 653.
, town, Turkey in Asia, II. 45 ; battle
of (1402), xxm. 641.
GOAT, n. 710; x. 708; hair of
(mohair), xvi. 544.
ANGORNO, town, Central Africa, n. 45.
ANGOSCIOLA, Sophonisba, Italian pain
ter, II. 47.
ANGOSTURA, town, Venezuela, n. 45.
ANGOULEME, town, France, n. 45.
, Charles de Valois, duke of, II. 46;
IX. 619.
ANGOUMOIS, old province, France, n.
46.
ANGOY, district, West Africa, Xiv. 742.
ANGRA, town, Azores, n. 46; in. 171.
— PEQUENA, German settlement,
South Africa, xvn. 168.
ANGRI, town, Italy, n. 46.
ANGSTROM, Anders J., on the spectrum
of the aurora, in. 94; on thermal
conductivity, XI. 578.
ANGUIER, Frangois and Michel, French
sculptors, II. 46.
ANGUILLA, genus of fishes, vn. 692.
, island, British West Indies, II. 46.
ANGUILLULA TRITICI, wheat pest, xvn.
325; xxiv. 536.
ANGUILLULID/E, family of worms, xvn.
325-
ANGUINEUM, Druidic charm, vn. 477.
ANGULAR VELOCITY, xv. 682.
ANGUS (Forfar, q.v.), county, Scotland,
ix. 410.
— , Earl of (Bell the Cat), XXL 495.
, Earl of, husband of Margaret
Tudor, XXI. 497.
MACFERGUS, Pictish king, xxi.
476.
ANGUSSOLA, Sophonisba, Italian portrait
painter, 1 1. 47.
ANHALT, duchy, Germany, n. 47.
ANHER, Egyptian divinity, vn. 718.
ANHIMA, bird, xxi. 552.
ANHYDRIDES, in chemistry, v. 571.
ANHYDRITE, mineral, xvi. 400; xix.
588.
ANHYDROSULPHURIC ACID, v. 507.
ANI, ruined town, Turkey in Asia, n. 72.
— , bird, VI. 687.
ANIANUS, Breviary of, iv. 262.
ANICETUS, bishop of Rome, xix. 416,
488.
, officer of Nero, XVIL 349.
ANICHINI, Luigi, Italian engraver, n. 47.
ANICIUM (Le Puy), ancient town, France,
xx. 119.
ANIE, mountain, France, xx. 126.
ANIELLO, Tommaso (Masaniello), Nea
politan revolutionist, XV. 606.
ANIEN (Anio), river, Italy, n. 57.
ANILINE, in chemistry, n. 47; xii. 844.
BLACK, iv. 690; from vanadium,
xxiv. 54.
- DYES, v. 577; vn. 572.
ANIMALCULISTS, versus Ovists, xxiv.
815.
ANIMAL HISTOLOGY, xn. 4.
ANIMAL KINGDOM, n. 49; xxiv. 801;
Oken's classification of. xvn. 750;
Lankester's, xxiv. 812.
ANIMAL MAGNETISM, xv. 277.
ANIMAL MEDICINE, xxiv. 197.
ANIMAL METAMORPHOSES, Myths of,
xv. 90.
ANIMAL MORPHOLOGY, xvi. 841.
ANIMAL MOUNDS, of Wisconsin, xxiv.
618.
ANIMAL PARASITISM, xvin. 258.
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY, xix. 10.
ANIMALS, n. 49; xxiv. 801; breeds of,
iv. 244; geographical distribution of,
vn. 267; X. 212; distribution of, in
time, VII. 281; geological action of, x.
289, 290; longevity in, Xiv. 857; dis
tinction between them and plants, XIX.
830; as totems, xxm. 468.
ANIMAL SPEECH, xvin. 769.
ANIMAL SPIRITS, xix. 10.
ANIMAL SUBSTANCES, Baths of, in. 439.
ANIMAL WORSHIP, xvn. 144, 151.
AN I ME, resinous gum, n. 55.
ANIMISM, in anthropology, n. 55; xv.
91, 2015; xx. 367; of the Buddhists,
xiv. 228; Stahl's theory of, XV. 812.
ANIMUCCIA, Giovanni, Italian musical
composer, n. 57; xvn. 85; xvin. 179.
ANIO, river, Italy, n. 57.
NOVUS, ancient aqueduct, II. 220.
ANISE, herb, n. 57; xn. 289.
ANISEIA, desert plant, xvin. 670.
ANISOMETROPIA, defect of vision, xxn.
373-
ANISOPLEURA, subclass of Mollusca,
xvi. 644.
ANJAR, town and district, India, n. 58.
ANJENGO, town, India, n. 58.
ANJER, town, Java, 11. 58.
ANJOU, old province, France, n. 58;
connexion of counts and dukes of,
with the Capet family, v. 55; their
rule in Naples, xvn. 191; their rela
tions with Normandy, XVIL 545.
, Geoffrey of (Plantagenet), XIX.
175-
, Margaret of, wife of Henry VI.
of England, XV. 536.
-, Rene, duke of, n. 58.
ANKA, fabulous bird, xvin. 81 r.
ANKARATRA, mountains, Madagascar,
xv. 1 68.
ANKARSTROM, Johan Jakob, Swedish
regicide, II. 59.
ANKERITE, mineral, xvi. 397.
ANKLAM, town, Prussia, n. 59.
ANKLE, Anatomy of the, I. 830.
-JOINT, Amputation of, XXII. 678;
muscles of, I. 841.
ANKOBAR, town, Abyssinia, n. 59.
ANKYLOSIS, stiffness of joint, n. 9.
ANLACE, weapon, xxn. 802.
ANN, or Annat, in Scots law, n. 62.
ANNA, town, Turkey in Asia, n. 59.
, Baldasarre d', Venetian painter,
n. 60.
CARLOVNA, Russian regent, n. 59.
COMNENA, princess and authoress,
II. 59; her History of Alexius, iv. 613.
IVANOVNA, empress of Russia, 1 1.
60; xxi.
ANNABA (Bone), town, Algeria, iv. 31.
ANNABERG, town, Saxony, n. 60.
ANNABERGITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
ANNABONA, island, West Africa, n. 72.
ANNALES, Stow's chronicle of England,
xxn. 579.
ANNALS, chronological record, 1 1. 60.
— , Tabari's, Arabic history, xxm. 4.
— , Tacitus' s work, xxm. 20.
-, Spring and Autumn, Confucius'*
work, v. 66 r.
— OF THE PARISH, Gait's novel, x.
47-
ANNAM (Anam), kingdom, Asia, I. 798.
ANNAMABOE, town, Gold Coast, Africa,
ii. 61.
ANNAMESE DICTIONARY, vn. 182.
ANNAN, town, Scotland, II. 61; river,
n. 61; vn. 526.
ANNAPOLIS, town, Maryland, U.S.A.,
n. 61; xv. 603; observatory at, xvn.
715-
, town, Nova Scotia, n. 61; xvn.
603; river, xvn. 60 1.
ANN ARBOR, town, Michigan, U.S.A.,
n. 61; observatory at, xvn. 715.
A N N — A N T
23
ANNAT, or Ann, in Scots law, n. 62.
ANNATES, ecclesiastical tax, II. 61.
ANNATTO (Arnotto), dyestuff, n. 627.
ANNE, <|ueen of England, II. 62; vin.
353; her favom- f or Harley, xvm. 100.
of Austria, wife of Louis XIII. of
France, IX. 567, 571, 574.
of Beaujeu, regent of France, v.
411; ix. 553.
of Bohemia, wife of Richard II.
of England, xx. 541.
of Brittany, wife of Charles VIII.
of France, v. 411; ix. 554; at Nantes,
xvn. 173.
of Cleves, wife of Henry VIII. of
England, vin. 336; XI. 665.
of Denmark, wife of James VI. of
Scotland, xxi. 508.
BOLEYN, wife of Henry VIII. of
England, IV. 4; vin. 334; XI. 664.
ANNEALING, in glass and metal
manufacture, II. 63 : of steel, xill.
352.
ANNECY, town, France, II. 64 ; XXI.
332; lake, xiv. 218; xxi. 332.
ANNELIDA, class of animals, n. 65.
ANNERODITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
ANNESLEY, Arthur, earl of Anglesea,
n. 30.
BAY, Red Sea, xx. 316.
ANNEX, Peter, writer on Deism, VII. 35.
ANNEXATION, of territory, law of, xm.
192.
ANNI, ruined town, Turkey in Asia, II.
72.
ANNIHILATION, in eschatology, vin.
538.
ANNIVITE, mineral, xvi. 395.
ANNO, archbishop of Cologne, x. 487.
BOM, island, West Africa, II. 72.
ANNONAY, town, France, n. 72.
ANNUALS, in horticulture, xn. 248.
ANNUITIES, n. 72; post office, xix.
574; repayment of loans by, xvil.
244; values of, in life assurance, xm.
172.
, Consolidated, British, vi. 293.
ANNUNCIATION, Feast of the, n. 90 ;
xv. 592.
ANNWEILER, town, Bavaria, n. 147.
ANODON, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 686,
688, 690.
CYGNEUS, mussel, xvn. no.
ANODYNE, in medicine, n. 90; xvil.
230.
ANOINTING, n. 90; vin. 813.
ANOLIS, genus of lizards, xiv. 735.
ANOMALURUS, species of rodent mam
mals, xv. 417; xxii. 107.
ANOMIA, former name for Brachiopoda,
iv. 188.
ANOMITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
ANOMODONTIA, order^of reptiles, xx.
442.
ANOMCEANISM, species of Arianism,
vni. 667.
ANONA, genus of plants, vi. 729.
ANONYMOUS BOOKS, in. 657.
ANOPLA, division of nemertine worms,
XVIL 326.
ANOPLOTHERIUM, fossil ungulate mam
mal, xv. 430.
ANOPLURA, group of insects, xm. 153;
xv. 24.
ANORTHIC SYSTEM, of crystals, xvi.
361.
ANORTHITE, mineral, xvi. 419.
ANOUKIS, Egyptian goddess, II. 90.
ANGUS, genus of birds, XVIL 531.
ANQUETIL, Louis Pierre, French
historian, II. 90.
DU PERRON, Abraham Hyacinthe,
French Orientalist, II. 90; XXIV. 775.
AN RIABHACHAN, mountain, Scotland,
xx. 854.
ANSAIRI HILLS, Syria, xxii. 821.
ANSAN, ancient province, Persia, xm.
395-
ANSARI, Abdallah, Persian pantheistic
writer, xvm. 658.
ANSBACH, town, Bavaria, n. 91.
ANSELM, archbishop of Canterbury, n.
91; vni. 303, 372; xvn. 543, 548;
xxi. 422; on the idea of God, XXIII.
241; his dispute with William II.,
xxiv. 578; his contests with Henry I.,
XL 656.
— of Laon, theologian, 1 1. 93.
ANSER, genus of birds, x. 777; xix.
647.
ANSGARIUS, or Anskar, St, first arch
bishop of Hamburg, XL 408; his mis
sionary labours in Denmark, vu. 84;
in Sweden, xvi. 708; xxii. 745.
ANSHAN, ancient town, Persia, xvm.
565.
ANSLO, Reyer, Dutch poet, xn. 95.
ANSON, Lord, British navigator, n. 93;
x. 189.
— ISLANDS, Micronesia, xvi. 256.
ANSPACH (Ansbach), town, Bavaria, II.
91.
ANSTER FAIR, Tennant's poem, xxiu.
i75-
ANSTEY, Christopher, English poet, II.
93-
ANSTRUTHER-EASTER, town, Scotland,
n. 94.
ANSTRUTHER-WESTER, town, Scot
land, ii. 94.
ANSUINO of Forli, Italian painter, xv.
501.
ANSWER, in law, xix. 218.
ANT, insect, n. 94; xn. 577; xm. 148;
honey -bearing, xil. 136; white, I.
260; XIII. 146, 152.
ANT^E, in architecture, n. 459.
ANTAEUS, in Greek mythology, n. 100;
XIX. 559.
ANTAKIE (Antioch), town, Syria, II. 132.
ANTALCIDAS, Spartan politician, n. 100;
peace of (387 B.C.), xvm. 578; xxii.
370.
ANTALO, town, Abyssinia, n. 100.
ANTANANARIVO, town, Madagascar, xv.
175-
ANTAR, Arabian romance, n. 100, 713.
ANTARA, or Antar, Arabian warrior and
poet, n. 100; xvi. 537.
ANTARCTIC EXPLORATIONS, vu. 530;
x. 195; xix. 329.
ANTARCTIC OCEAN, n. 100.
ANTEATER, families of mammals, xv.
385, 388, 389; their relation to the
megatherium, xv. 830; porcupine,
vu. 628; scaly, xv. 388; xvm. 210.
ANTECHINOMYS, genus of marsupial
mammals, XV. 380; XXII. 285.
ANTELAMI, Benedetto, Italian sculptor,
xxi. 567.
ANTELOPE, group of ungulate mam
mals, ii. 100; xv. 431; chamois, v.
384; eland, vu. 796; gemsbok, x. 141;
gnu, x. 705; harte-beest, XL 496;
nylghau, XVIL 688; Indian species,
XII. 742.
ANTEMN^E, ancient town, Italy, ii. 102;
xiv. 344.
ANTENNAE, of insects, xm. 143; in ants,
ii. 96.
ANTENOR, Greek sculptor, II. 102.
, Trojan elder, ii. 102.
ANTEQUERA, town, Spain, ii. 102.
ANTHEM, musical composition, u. 102;
XVIL 82.
ANTHEMIUS, emperor of the West, xiv.
452.
— , Greek mathematician, II. 103.
ANTHER, of plants, i v. 1 36.
ANTHER^A, genus of silkworms, xxii.
60.
ANTHERIDIA, sexual organs of plants, iv.
140; ix. 101, 105; XVIL 65; xx. 42,5.
ANTHESTERIA, Athenian festival, n.
103.
ANT-HILLS, n. 96.
ANTHOCEROTE^E, family of liverworts,
xvn. 70.
ANTHOLOGY, n. 103.
ANTHON, Charles, American philologist,
ii. 106.
ANTHONY, or Antony, St, Egyptian
hermit, II. 106; I. 10; xvi. 699.
— , St, of Padua, xvm. 131.
ANTHOPHYLLITE, mineral, xvi. 417.
ANTHOXANTHIN, colouring matter in
plants, xix. 53.
ANTHOZOA, group of animals, XII. 549.
ANTHRAC^EMIA, disease, xxiv. 663.
ANTHRACENE, in chemistry, xvm. 238;
xxm. 58.
ANTHRACITE, kind of coal, ii. 106; vi.
45; xvi. 429; in Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
XVIII. 501; use of, for smoke abate
ment, xxii. 182.
ANTHRACNOSE, vine disease, xxiv. 240.
ANTHRACONITE, mineral, xv. 528; xvi,
397-
ANTHRAX, animal disease, xvil. 58;
xxi. 400; in wool-workers, xxiv.
663.
24
A N T — A N U
ANTHROPINI, human family, in zoo
logy, ii. 1 08.
ANTHROPOLOGY, n. 107; in relation
to evolution, vm. 766; to language,
xvin. 765; to mythology, xvn. 143;
Prichard's contributions to, xix. 723 ;
anthropological societies, xxn. 226.
ANTHROPOMORPHISM, n. 123, 190;
Celsus on, v. 296. See also article
Theism, xxni. 234.
ANTHROPOPHAGY, cannibalism, iv. 807.
ANTHROPOTOMY, human anatomy, i.
799-
ANTHUS, genus of birds, xix. 112.
ANTIARIS, genus of trees, xxni. 859.
ANTIBES, town, France, n. 124.
ANTIBRACHIUM, the fore-arm, i. 826; of
mammals, XV. 358.
ANTIBURGHERS, Scottish religious de
nomination, x. 572; xv. 132; xxni.
728.
ANTICHINOMYS, genus of marsupial
mammals, xxn. 285.
ANTICHRIST, of Scripture, n. 124; xx.
499; xxni. 298.
ANTICLIMAX, in rhetoric, n. 127.
ANTICLINAL FOLDS, in geology, x. 300.
ANTI-CORN-LAW LEAGUE, vi. 84.
ANTICOSTI, island, Canada, n. 127; xx.
165.
ANTICYCLONES, in meteorology, in. 34;
vi. 7; xvi. 154.
ANTICYRA, three ancient towns, Greece,
n. 127.
ANTIDOTES, to poisons, xix. 276.
ANTIETAM, U.S.A., Battle of (1862), n.
127; xxni. 777.
ANTIGONE, daughter of (Edipus, n.
127.
, wife of Peleus, II. 127.
, Sophocles's drama, xxn. 273.
, island, Sea of Marmora, Xix. 742.
ANTIGONUS CYCLOPS, king of Asia, n.
127; xv. 142; xvin. 585.
ANTIGONUS GONATAS, king of Mace
donia, ii. 128; xv. 142.
ANTIGORITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
ANTIGUA, island, West Indies, n. 128;
xxiv. 510.
ANTILEGOMENA, disputed books of
Scripture, II. 128; ill. 645.
ANTILIBANUS, mountain, Syria, Xiv.
392; xxni. 654.
ANTILLES, islands, West Indies, II. 128;
xxiv. 509; birds of, ill. 748; lost birds
of, in. 734.
ANTILOGARITHMS, Tables of, xiv. 776;
XXIII. 12.
ANTIMACHUS, Greek poet, n. 129; xn.
115.
ANTIMILO, island, Greece, xv. 841.
ANTIMONY, chemical element, ii. 129;
v. 540; xvi. 380; ores of, xvi. 58.
ANTINOMIANS, ANTINOMIANISM, n.
129; i. 290; xi. 737.
ANTINOMY, in philosophy, ii. 130.
ANTINOOPOLIS, town, Egypt, vn. 775.
ANTINOUS, Hadrian's page, II. 130.
ANTIOCH, ancient town, Pisidia, Asia
Minor, II. 133; XIX. 130.
, ancient town, Syria, II. 130; XXII.
822; St Paul's connexion with, xvin.
419; aqueduct at, 1 1. 221; coins of,
xvn. 649; siege of, by the crusaders,
vi. 625.
, Cresarean era of, v. 715.
•, Mundane era of, v. 714.
ANTIOCHE, ancient town, Isle of Re,
France, xx. 302.
ANTIOCHIA MARGIANA, ancient Greek
town, Merv, xvi. 42, 44.
ANTIOCHUS I., Soter, king of Syria, n.
133; xvm. 587.
— II., Theos, n. 133; XVIII. 587.
III., Magnus, n. 133; xin. 420;
xvm. 588; his war with Rome, xx.
752.
IV., Epiphanes, II. 133; xvm.
589; desecration of Jewish holy places
by, xni. 421.
- V., Eupator, xvin. 590.
- VII., xvm. 594.
— VIII, ii. 133.
of Ascalon, Greek philosopher, II.
133; his influence on Varro, xxiv.
92.
ANTIOPE, mother of Amphion, n. 133.
, wife of Theseus, n. 133; xxm.
294.
ANTIOQUIA, state, Colombia, vi. 154.
ANTIPAROS, island, Greece, ii. 133.
ANTIPATER, father of Herod the Great,
xi. 754; xin. 424.
, Macedonian general and regent, n.
134; xv. 142; xvin. 585.
-, Stoic philosopher, XXI I. 570.
ANTIPAXO, one of the Ionian Islands,
Greece, xvin. 440.
ANTIPHATES, mythic giant, xiv. 200.
ANTIPHILUS, ancient painter, n. 134.
ANTIPHON, Athenian orator, n. 134;
xx. 509; xxm. 323.
ANTIPHONARY, liturgical service book,
n. 134; xiv. 710; xvi. 508.
ANTIPHONY, in music, n. 134; xvn. 79.
ANTIPODES, ii. 134.
ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETIES, n. 135; xxn.
227.
ANTIQUE, remains of ancient art, ii. 134.
ANTIQUITIES, ii. 134, 333; of America,
I. 692; classical, n. 344.
ANTIQUITY OF MAN, n. 115.
ANTIROBIDO, island, Sea of Marmora,
xix. 742.
ANTIRRHINUM, garden plant, xn. 249,
253-
ANTISANA, mountain, Ecuador, vn.
644.
ANTISEPTICS, ii. 135; as disinfectants,
VII. 258; used for preserving food,
Xix. 708; in surgery, XXII. 678.
ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT, xxn. 141.
ANTISOZZO, anti-Socinian work by
Alsop, I. 637.
ANTISSA, town, Lesbos, Asia Minor,
xiv. 474.
ANTISTHENES, Greek philosopher, n.
136; vi. 745; his logic, xiv. 784.
ANTITHEISM, xxni. 234.
ANTITHESIS, in rhetoric, n. 138.
ANTITHETA, Bacon's, xx. 515.
ANTITRINITARIANISM, xxni. 244, 725.
ANTITYPE, theological term, n. 138.
ANTIUM, ancient town, Italy, ii. 138.
ANTIVARI, town, Montenegro, n. 138;
xvi. 781.
ANTLERS, of deer, vn. 23; xv. 431.
ANT-LION, insect, v. 363; xin. 152;
allegorical animal, Xix. 6.
ANTONELLO DA MESSINA, Italian
painter, II. 138; XXI. 436, 442.
ANTONGIL BAY, Madagascar, xv. 168.
ANTONIA, tower, Jerusalem, xin. 638;
xxni. 168.
ANTONIDES, Hans (Vander Goes), Dutch
poet, n. 138; xn. 95.
ANTONINI ITINERARIUM, road book,
ii. 139.
ANTONINUS, Marcus Aurelius, in. 86.
, Wall of, Scotland, n. 139; IV. 353;
xxi. 471; xxn. 554.
AND FAUSTINA, Temple of, n. 416;
xx. 820.
LIBERALIS, Greek grammarian, n.
139-
PlUS, Titus Aurelius, Roman
emperor, n. 139; in. 87.
ANTONIO, Portuguese pretender, xix.
547-
, Nicolao, Spanish bibliographer, II.
140.
DA TEMPO, Italian writer, xin. 501.
ANTONIOPOLIS, town, Mesopotamia, xvi.
48.
ANTONIUS, the Rhetorician, Syriac
writer, xxn. 846.
, Marcus, Roman orator, n. 140.
, Marcus (Mark Antony), Roman
triumvir, II. 140; in. 79; xx. 768;
his relations with Cleopatra, v. 826.
ANTONOMASIA, in rhetoric, n. 141.
ANTONY (Anthony), St, II. 106; I. 10;
xvi. 699; xvin. 131.
— , king of Saxony, XXI. 355.
ANTOZONE, in chemistry, xvin. 1 13.
ANTRIM, county, Ireland, n. 142; popu
lation and representation, XXIII. 727;
town, Ii. 144.
ANT-SPIDER, ii. 299.
ANT-THRUSH, bird, xix. 149.
ANTWERP, province, Belgium, n. 144.
, town, Belgium, n. 144; bombard
ment of (1830), in. 528; fortifications
of, IX. 449; details of siege of (1832),
ix. 458; xn. 83; pictures in, xxi. 43,
446.
ANTYLLUS, Roman surgeon, xxn. 675.
ANUBIS, Egyptian divinity, II. 146; VIL
325, 718.
ANUND, Swedish king, xxn. 745.
ANUP, Egyptian divinity, vn. 718.
A N U — A P 0
25
ANURA, order of Amphibia, I. 751.
ANUS, Anatomy of the, vn. 228 ; piles,
XI. 366.
ANVERS (Antwerp, q.v.), town, Belgium,
II. 144.
ANVIL, for smith work, II. 147; XI. 426.
ANWARI, Persian poet, 1 1. 147; xvm. 658.
ANWEILER, town, Bavaria, n. 147.
ANXENOR, Greek sculptor, n. 147.
ANXIA (Lanciano), ancient town, Italy,
xiv. 259.
ANXUR (Terracina), ancient town, Italy,
XXlll. 190.
ANYER, town, Java, xm. 605.
ANZIN, town, France, n. 147; XVH. 535.
ANZITENE, ancient district, Asia, xiv.
159.
AOIDOI, ancient Greek singers, XVIII. 51.
AONYX, genus of otters, xvm. 69.
AORSI, or Aorses, Asiatic people, XVI.
813; xvm. 594.
AORTA, in anatomy, I. 801, 902.
AOSTA, town, Italy, n. 147.
AOUDAD, goat-like sheep, xxi. 785.
AOULIAS, Nepalese race, xvn. 341.
APACHES, American Indian tribe, XII.
832-
APAMEA (Birejik), ancient town, Meso
potamia, n. 147; xvi. 48.
ancient town, Phrygia, II. 147;
xvm. 852.
, ancient town, Syria, II. 147; XXI I.
823; coins of, xvn. 649.
APANAGE, feudal term, n. 147.
APANAGES, Period of the, in Russia,
xxi. 89.
APANOMERIA, town, Thera island,
Greece, xxiii. 280.
APAR, kind of armadillo, XV. 387.
APATELITE, mineral, xvi. 401.
APATIN, town, Hungary, II. 147.
APATITE, mineral, x. 228; xvi. 407;
xvm. 818; polarity of, xix. 313.
APATURIA, Greek festival, II. 147.
APAUARCTICENE, Parthian kingdom,
xvm. 592.
APE, zoological group, II. 148; XV. 444;
man's relation to the, 1 1. 107 ; organs
of touch in, xxiii. 479; in Spain,
XXII. 297; South American forms, I.
68 1 ; Sumatran forms, xxn. 640.
APELDOORN, town, Netherlands, n. 169.
APELLAS, Greek sculptor, n. 169.
APELLES, Greek painter, n. 169, 363;
xvn. 41; xvm. 853.
APELLON, form of name Apollo, II. 185.
APENNINES, mountains, Italy, n. 169;
xm. 434, 437; crossed by Via Flaminia,
IX. 289.
APENRADE, town, Prussia, n. 170.
APHANIPTERA, group of insects, vn.
256; xm. 150.
APHASIA, disease, n. 171.
APHEK, town, Phoenicia, Xix. 91.
APHID.E, group of insects, xm. 146, 153.
APHIS GRANARIA, wheat pest, xxiv.
535-
APHONIA, nervous disease, xxiii. 320.
APHORISM, n. 171.
APHRAATES, Syriac writer, xxn. 827.
APHRITE, mineral, xvi. 397.
APHRODITE, Greek goddess (the Eoman
Venus), II. 171; xvm. 295; the Egyp
tian Athor, III. 13; Praxiteles's statue
of, xvm. 853; temple of, at Paphos,
Cyprus, xvm. 228.
, mineral, XVI. 414.
— AND CUPIDS, statuette, xxiii. 191.
URANIA, Phoenician goddess, xvm.
756.
APHROTHORACA, order of Protozoa, xix.
845.
APHTHA, Epizootic, cattle disease, xvn.
60.
APHTHARTODOCETISM, ancient heresy,
xm. 796.
APHTHONGIA, defect of speech, xxn.
448.
APHTHONIUS, Greek rhetorician, XX.
514; his fables, vin. 838.
APIA, town, Navigators' Islands, Pacific,
xvn. 279.
APIARIES, in. 499.
APICIUS, Roman epicures, n. 173.
APICULTURE, bee-keeping, in. 499; xii.
138.
APION, Greek grammarian, n. 173.
APIS, Egyptian deity, II. 173; vn. 717.
APLANATIC LENSES, xvi. 260; xxni.
144.
APLANOGAMETES, cells in plants, xx.
425.
APLYSIA, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 656,
657.
APNCEA, Signs of, in drowning, vn. 474.
APO, mountain, Philippine Islands,
xvin. 748.
APOCALYPSE, book of Scripture, n. 174;
xx. 496.
APOCALYPTIC LITERATURE, n. 174;
xvi. 315.
APOCRYPHA, of the Old Testament, n.
180; Syriac version, xxn. 824, 826;
book of Baruch, in. 404; Esdras, vin.
541; Judith, xm. 765; Maccabees,
xv. 131; Tobit, xxni. 428.
APODICTIC REASONING, in logic, xiv.
785, 786.
APOGAMY, in plant reproduction, xx.
424.
APOLDA, town, Germany, n. 184; xxi.
349-
APOLLINARIS, Sulpicius, grammarian
of Carthage, n. 185.
MINERAL WATER, xxiv. 399.
SlDONIUS, early Christian writer,
II. 184.
APOLLINOPOLIS MAGNA (Edfu), town,
Egypt, vii. 783; temple at, n. 389.
APOLLO, Greek god, n. 185; vn. 51; his
relation to Latona, Xiv. 345; oracle of,
xvn. 808; Belvidere statue of, n. 186;
temple of, at Delphi, vn. 52; temples
of, at Thebes, xxni. 230.
APOLLO AND DAPHNE, Max Miiller's
theory of, xvn. 138.
APOLLO EPICURIUS, temple of, Bassoe,
Greece, xvin. 735.
APOLLODORUS, Roman architect, n. 186.
— , Athenian grammarian, n. 186.
, Greek painter, 1 1. 186.
APOLLONIA, ancient town, Cyrenaica,
n. 186; xxiii. 575.
, ancient town, Illyria, II. 186.
, ancient town, Thrace, n. 186.
, town, Siphanto, Greek Archipelago,
xxn. 95.
, lake, Asia Minor, II. 709; xvn.
APOLLONIATIS, Parthian kingdom,
xvin. 592.
APOLLONIUS, Alexandrian grammarian,
n. 187.
, Dyscolus, grammarian, n. 187.
— , Molo, Greek rhetorician, II. 187.
— , Pergseus, Greek geometrician, u.
187; his application of geometry to
astronomy, n. 749; on conic sections,
vi. 273.
-, Rhodius, Greek epic poet, II. 187;
his Argonautica, I. 499.
of Tralles, sculptor, II. 187.
, Tyanseus, philosopher and magi
cian, n. 188; xxiii. 420; his life, by
Philostratus, xvin. 796.
OF TYRE, Greek romance, xx. 635.
APOLLOS, of Scripture, II. 189.
APOLOGETICS, in theology, n. 189;
dogmatic, vn. 339; xxni. 274;
Origen's work on, xvn. 841.
APOLOGETICUS, Tertullian's work,
xxni. 197.
APOLOGIA, of Plato, ix. 198.
APOLOGUE, fable, n. 193; vin. 837.
APOLOGY, Justin Martyr's, xin. 790.
APOMORPHIA, emetic, xvn. 793.
APOPHTHEGM, 11. 193; i. 783.
APOPHYLLITE, mineral, xvi. 421.
APOPLEXY, disease, n. 193; from heat,
xxn. 666.
APOSPORY, in plant reproduction, xx.
424.
APOSTASY, n. 194; legal aspects of, XL
733.
A POSTERIORI, in philosophy, n. 214.
APOSTLE, of Scripture, 1 1. 194; of the
Gentiles (Paul), xvin. 416; of Rome
(Philip Neri), xvn. 346.
APOSTLES, their relation to the Christian
church, v. 700.
, Acts of the, I. 123.
APOSTLES' CREED, n. 194; vi. 561.
APOSTOLIC, designation of churches, n.
194.
BISHOP, title of the pope, xix.
498.
BRETHREN, Christian sects, n. 198;
xx. 322.
CANONS, 11. 194; v. 16.
CONSTITUTIONS, n. 195, 196; v.
1 6.
XXV. — 4
26
A P O — A K A
APOSTOLIC FATHERS, n. 195.
APOSTOLICI, Christian sects, n. 198.
, monks, xvi. 711.
APOSTOLIC VISIT, congregation of the
Church of Rome, XX. 629.
APOSTOLIUS, Michael, Greek theologian,
II. 198.
APOTACTICI, Christian sect, II. 198.
APOTHECARY, n. 198; xvm. 730.
APOTHECIA, female organs, in lichens,
xiv. 554.
APOTHEOSIS, deification, n. 199; de
manded by Alexander the Great, I.
484; xv. 141.
APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS, North
America, II. 200; I. 678; xvn. 396;
XXIII. 792.
APPALACHIAN RACES, American In
dians, xii. 828.
APPARITIONS, n. 202.
APPEAL, in law, ll. 208; English courts
of, vi. 516; xin. 765.
APPENDICULARIIDE, family of Tuni-
cata, xxin. 609, 614.
APPENDICULATA, in Lankestcr's zoo
logical classification, XXIV. 813.
APPENDINI, Francesco Maria, Italian
historian, II. 210.
APPENZELL, canton, Switzerland, n.
210; xxil. 778, 784, 789; town, II.
210; XXIL 778.
APPENZELLER, J. C., Swiss novelist,
XXIL 799.
APPERLEY, Charles James, sporting
writer, II. 211.
APPIAN, Greek historian, n. 211.
APPIANI, Andrea, Italian painter, n.
211.
APPIA VIA (Appian Way), of Claudius,
II. 211 ; v. 816.
APPLE, tree and fruit, n. 211; IV. 152;
xii. 269; culture of, in Kansas,
U.S.A., Xlll. 843; for cider, v. 775.
OF DISCORD, xvm. 295.
APPLEBY, town, England, 11.212; xxiv.
516.
APPLE-SEED OIL, xvn. 744.
APPLETON, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 617.
APPLETON'S AMERICAN CYCLOPEDIA,
vni. 204.
APPLIED MECHANICS, xv. 750.
APPRAISER, valuator, n. 212.
APPREHENSION, Stoic theory of, XXIL
566.
APPRENTICESHIP, 11.212; enforced, ix.
760.
APPROBATION, Love of, in phrenology,
XVIIL 845.
APPROXIMATION, in algebra, I. 553.
APPULEIUS, or Apuleius (q.v.\ n. 215;
diction and style of, XIV. 338.
APRAKSIN, Russian general, xxi. 99.
AFRICA PASS, North Italy, xxiv. 45.
APRICOT, tree and fruit, II. 214; XII.
269.
APRIES, Egyptian king, n. 214.
APRIL, month, II. 214.
A PRIORI, in philosophy, II. 214.
APSE, in architecture, n. 215; French,
II. 430.
APSHERON, peninsula, Caspian Sea, n.
215; v. 177; xxm. 513.
APSYRTUS, Roman veterinarian, xxiv.
197.
APT, town, France, n. 215; xxiv. 114.
APTENODYTES, genus of birds, xvm.
491.
APTERYX, genus of birds, xiv. 104;
xvm. 44.
APTORNIS, genus of birds, xvi. 809.
APUANI, Ligurian tribe, Italy, xiv.
640.
APULEIUS, or Appuleius, Lucius, Latin
romance writer, II. 215; XX. 636;
xxi. 319; diction and style of, xiv.
338; his place in Roman literature,
xx. 726.
APULIA, district, Italy, n. 216; duchy
of, XIIL 471.
APULIANS, ancient Italian tribe, XIII.
445-
APURE, river, Venezuela, II. 217.
APURIMAC, river, Peru, n. 217.
AQUA APPIA, AQUA CLAUDIA, etc.,
ancient Roman aqueducts, II. 220.
AQUE SOLIS (Bath), Roman spa, Eng
land, in. 433, 437.
AQUAFORTIS, or Nitric Acid, xvn. 518.
AQUAMARINE, precious stone, in. 613;
xvi. 418.
TOPAZ, xxin. 446.
AQUAMBO, country, West Africa, n. 217.
AQUAPIM, country, West Africa, II.
217.
AQUARIANS, early Christian sect, n.
217.
AQUARIUM, n. 217.
AQUATINT, etching, vni. 444.
AQUEDUCT, n. 219; iv. 284; xxiv.
408; at Lisbon, xiv. 692; of Trajan,
at Segovia, xxi. 623.
AQUICULTURE, fish-culture, xix. 126.
AQUILA, town, Italy, n. 230.
, translator of Old Testament, II.
230; Targum of, xxin. 63.
— , or Arno, archbishop of Salzburg,
II. 625.
, genus of birds, VII. 590.
, Caspar, German theologian, 1 1. 230.
, Serafino dell', Italian poet, II. 230.
AQUILEIA, ancient town, Italy, II. 230;
synod of (381), I. 662.
AQUILINE, family of birds, vn. 589.
AQUILLIUS, Manius, Roman consul, .n.
231.
AQUILONIA, Samnite town, Italy, xxi.
249.
AQUINAS, Thomas, scholastic philosopher,
11.231; xvi. 710; xxi. 427; his ethical
system, vm. 594; on the idea of God,
xxin. 241; hymns by, xii. 584.
AQUISGRANUM (Aix-la-Chapelle), an
cient town, Rhenish Prussia, I. 432.
AQUITAINE (Aquitania), acquired by
England, vni. 202; French conquest
of, vin. 321.
AQUITANI, Gallic tribe, x. in.
AQUITANIA, division of Gaul, n. 233.
AQUITANUS, Prosper, early Christian
writer, xix. 824.
ARA, genus of birds, xv. 130.
ARABESQUE, ornamentation, n. 233.
ARABGIR, town, Turkey in Asia, II. 234.
ARABIA, n. 235, 686; division of Asiatic
Turkey, xxin. 653; in time of Mo
hammed, XVI. 545; birds of, III. 758;
coffee of, VI. 113; coins of, xvn. 650;
Jews in, xin. 687; language of, xxi.
650.
FELIX, xxiv. 738.
ARABIAN ASTRONOMY, n. 751.
ARABIAN HISTORIANS, Early, xxin. i.
ARABIAN HORSES, xii. 182, 184.
ARABIAN LIBRARIES, xiv. 514.
ARABIAN MATHEMATICIANS, i. 512.
ARABIAN MEDICINE, i. 805; xv. 805.
ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS,
XXlll. 316; 11.263; French translation
of, x. 37; Lane's translation, xiv. 282.
ARABIAN PHILOSOPHY, n. 265; i. 501;
xxi. 426.
ARABIAN SEA, n. 270.
ARABICI, Christian sect, II. 270.
ARABIC LANGUAGE, x. 595; xvni. 778;
xxi. 650; dialects, II. 253; diction
aries, vii. 189; grammar, ll. 253.
ARABIC LITERATURE, n. 262; Hama-
sah, XL 402 ; histories, xxm. i ;
Koran, xvi. 597; Moallakat, xvi. 536;
Thousand and One Nights, XXI 1 1. 316.
ARABIC NUMERALS, n. 525; xvn. 626.
ARABISTAN, district, Persia, xiv. 68.
ARABKIR, town, Turkey in Asia, n. 234.
ARABONA (Raab), Roman station, Hun
gary, xx. 190.
ARABS, origin of the race, n. 245; in
Africa, I. 262; of Algeria, I. 564; their
first intervention in Persia, xvni. 610;
their invasion of Spain, XXII. 309; re
ligions of, XVI. 546; xx. 361.
ARACAN (Arakan), division, British Bur-
mah, II. 305.
ARACARIS, bird, xxin. 477.
ARACATI, town, Brazil, n. 270.
ARACHIS HYPOGEA, ground nut, XL 221.
ARACHNIDA, class of animals, n. 271;
in Lankester's classification, XXIV. 813;
parasitic, xvm. 259.
ARACHNOID MEMBRANE, in human
brain, I. 865.
ARACHOSIA, Parthian satrapy, xvm.
586, 592.
ARACHOTUS, river, Asia, I. 229.
ARACHTHUS (Arta), river, Albania, II.
640.
ARAD, town, Hungary, n. 300.
ARAFAT, mountain, Arabia, n. 300.
ARAGO, Frangois J. D., French physicist,
n. 300.
ARAGON, kingdom of, Spain, xxn. 312,
A R A — A R C
27
31 e 317, 322, 326; its connexion with
Naples, xvn. 191.
ARAGON, province, Spain, II. 304; xxn.
298.
ARAGONA, town, Sicily, n. 305.
ARAGONESE DIALECT, xxu. 351.
ARAGONITE, mineral, xvi. 398.
ARAGUAYA, river, Brazil, n. 305; IV.
221.
ARAHAL, town, Spain, n. 305.
ARAHATSHIP, Buddhist doctrine, xiv.
226.
ARAKAN, division, British Burmah, II.
305; iv. 556.
ARAKCHEEFF, Russian minister, xxi.
101.
ARAL, Sea or Lake of, Asia, n. 306; v.
177; xvin. 104; xxii. SiS; xxiii.
511, 512, 634.
ARAL: A PAPYRI FERA, ri.ce paper, xx.
539-
ARAM, Eugene, murderer, II. 306.
ARAMAEANS, people of Syria, xxu. 822;
xvi. 533; name applied to Nabatseans,
XVII. 1 60.
ARAMAIC LANGUAGES, n. 307; xxi.
645, 647; their influence on Hebrew,
XI. 597; inscriptions, xm. 116.
ARAM NAHARAYIM (Mesopotamia),
xvi. 47.
ARAMUS, genus of birds, xx. 223.
ARANDA, Count of, Spanish statesman,
n. 308; xxu. 341.
ARANEIDEA, order of Arachnida, n.
290.
ARAN ISLANDS, Ireland, n. 308.
ARANJUEZ, town, Spain, n. 308.
ARANMORE, island, Ireland, n. 308.
ARANY, John, Hungarian poet, XH. 378.
ARANYAKAS, Sanskrit treatises, xxi.
273-
ARANZI, Julius Caesar, Italian anato
mist, I. 809; xxiv. 96.
ARAPA, lake, Peru, xvm. 673.
ARAPAHOES, American Indian tribe,
xu. 831.
ARAR, timber tree, Morocco, xvi. 833.
ARARAT, mountains, Armenia, II. 309;
xvn. 523; xxni. 514.
ARARGE (Harar), town, North-East
Africa, XL 454.
ARAS, river, Turkey in Asia, II. 309.
ARATUS of Sicyon, ruler, n. 309.
of Soli, Greek poet, II. 309.
ARAUCANA, La, Spanish poem, vm.
519.
ARAUCANIA, territory, South America,
n. 310.
ARAUCANIAN PINE, in Chili, v. 623.
ARAUCANIANS, South-American race,
i. 701; v. 619; xii. 829.
ARAUCARIA, genus of trees, n. 310.
ARAUCO, province, Chili, v. 617.
ARAUSIO (Orange), ancient town, France,
XVII. 8l2.
ARAVALLI HILLS, India, n. 310; xx.
260.
ARAVIAS, Portuguese tales, xix. 556.
ARAWAN, oasis, Africa, xvn. 695.
ARAXES (Aras), river, Transcaucasia, II.
309; xxni. 514.
ARBACES, founder of Median empire, II.
310.
ARBAT (Rabat), town, Morocco, xx. 192.
ARBELA (Arbil), ancient town, Asiatic
Turkey, II. 311; battle of (331 B.C.), I.
482.
ARBIL, town, Asiatic Turkey, 11. 311.
ARBITER, Petronius, Latin writer, xvin.
720.
ARBITRAGE, in stock -broking, n. 311.
ARBITRATION, n. 311.
ARBOGA, town, Sweden, II. 313.
ARBOGAST, Frankish warrior, xx. 779;
xxiv. 37.
— , L. F. A., his theorem, Xlll. 20.
A R BO IS, town, France, 1 1. 313.
ARBOR ACTIONUM, Azo's work, in. 169.
ARBORICULTURE, n. 314.
ARBOR VnvE, coniferous tree, n. 313.
ARBROATH, town, Scotland, n. 324.
ARBUTHNOT, Alexander, early Scottish
poet, xxi. 542.
— , John, English writer, II. 325; as
satirist, xxi. 320.
ARC, Circular, graduation of, XI. 28.
— , Joan of, xm. 695; ix. 550.
- LIGHTS, electric, xiv. 632.
— OF THE MERIDIAN, measurement
of, n. 792; vii. 597, 606; x. 189.
ARCA, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 688.
ARCACHON, Bay of, Gironde, France, x.
624.
ARCADE, in architecture, II. 325.
ARCADIA, country, ancient Greece, II.
326; coins of, xvn. 643.
— , Sannazaro's poem, xvn I. 345.
— , Sir Philip Sidney's poem, XVIII.
346; xx. 660; xxii. 35.
— , Academy of, I. 74; xm. 511.
ARCADIAN DIALECT, of Greek, XL 133.
ARCADIANS, Academy of, I. 74.
ARCADIUS, emperor of the East, xx.
779, 780; xxiii. 259.
ARCAGNUOLO, Italian painter and sculp
tor, xvii. 814.
ARCANITE, mineral, xvi. 400.
ARCESILAUS, Greek philosopher, n. 326;
i. 69; xxi. 379.
— , Roman sculptor, II. 366.
— I.-IV., kings of Libya, ill. 446.
ARCH, in building, II. 327; in ancient
American monuments, n. 450; in
brickwork, IV. 464 ; in bridges, IV.
305; depressed and discharging, n. 463;
in masonry, IV. 474; pointed, intro
duced into Europe, II. 422; at Rome,
II. 414; xx. 809, 819, 830.
ARCHAEAN ROCKS, x. 327.
ARCH^EOCETI, fossil whales, xv. 395.
ARCHAEOLOGY, n. 333; academies of, i.
76; American, I. 692; prehistoric, II.
115; Raphael's contributions to, xx.
282; archasological societies, xxu. 227.
ARCHAEOLOGY, Classical, n. 343 (index,
368); Winckelmann's contributions to,
xxiv. 597.
ARCH^EOPTERYX, fossil bird, in. 728;
xvm. 34; xxi. 323.
ARCHAGATHUS, Roman physician, xv.
802.
ARCHANGEL, government and town,
Russia, II. 368; xxi. 69.
ARCHBISHOP, ecclesiastical dignitary, n.
369; place of, in British peerage, XVIII.
459-
ARCHDEACON, ecclesiastical dignitary,
ii. 370; v. 228.
ARCHDUKE, title, n. 370; xix. 738.
ARCHEGONIA, sexual organs in plants,
iv. 157; ix. 101, 105; xvii. 65.
ARCHEGONIATA, group of plants, xx.
426.
ARCHELAUS, king of Cappadocia, v. 76.
, king of Judaea, II. 371; XIII. 426.
, king of Macedonia, II. 371; XV.
138-
— , Greek general, n. 371.
— , Greek philosopher, n. 371.
— , Greek sculptor, II. 371.
ARCHENA, town, Spain, n. 370; mineral
water of, xvi. 435; xvn. 51.
ARCHENTEROM, cavity in animals, vin.
746.
ARCHER, Thomas, publisher of early
English newspaper, xvn. 413.
ARCHERINA BOLTONI, species of
Protozoa, Xix. 840.
ARCHERS, Royal Company of, in
Scotland, II. 373.
ARCHERY, n. 370; glossary of terms, n.
378.
ARCHES, Court of, n. 378, 369.
ARCHETYPAL MAN, of the Kabbalah,
xm. 811.
ARCHIANNELIDA, subclass of worms,
xxiv. 683.
ARCHIDONA, town, Spain, 11. 379.
ARCHIL, purple dye, n. 379; xiv. 559.
ARCHILOCHUS, Greek poet, n. 379;
xxi. 318.
ARCHIMANDRITE, title in Greek Church,
11. 380; i. 11, 23; xvi. 700.
ARCHIMEDES, mathematician and in
ventor, n. 380; xxn. 21, 817; his
knowledge of conic sections, vi. 273;
his geometrical discoveries, xm. 5;
on hydrostatics, xii. 435, 441; his
planetarium, 11. 749; on squaring the
circle, xxn. 434.
— , Screw of, n. 381.
ARCHIPELAGO, Grecian, n. 381.
— , Indian, XII. 815.
ARCHIPRESBYTER, ecclesiastical digni
tary, vn. 14.
ARCHITECTURE, n. 382 (index, 458;
glossary of terms, 459); as a fine art,
IX. 204; relation of building to, IV.
447; use of the cross in, VI. 612; terra
cotta in, xxni. 193; zodiacal symbol
ism in, xxiv. 796; of Babylonia, in.
28
A R C — A R G
189; in England, vill. 280, 300, 310,
317, 326, 330; Etruscan, vill. 637;
Gothic, of Pugin, XX. 103; Greek, II.
346, 354, 359, 364; ancient Mexican,
xvi. 214; Norman, xvil. 551; Phoe
nician, xviii. 810; Pompeiian, XIX.
449; Eoman, 1 1. 367; xx. 809; Vene
tian, xxiv. 148; Veronese, XXIV. 172;
academies of, I. 78; works on, n. 457;
Palladio's works on, xv 1 1 1. 187; Ra
phael's contributions to, xx. 281;
Street's, XXH. 594; Vitruvius's work
on, XXIV. 265; architectural societies,
xxn. 226.
ARCHITRAVE, in architecture, n. 459;
iv. 492.
ARCHIVES, n. 476; of Belgium, in. 521;
English, xx. 310.
ARCHLUTE, musical instrument, xv.
71-
ARCHON, Athenian magistrate, II. 476;
xv. 217.
ARCHYTAS, of Tarentum, philosopher,
II. 477; his flying dove, I. 185.
ARCIS-SUR-AUBE, town, France, n. 477.
ARCOLA, Italy, Battle of (1796), xvn.
197.
ARCOS DE LA FRONTERA, town, Spain,
n. 477.
ARCOSOLIUM, arched tomb, in the Cata
combs, v. 209, 210.
ARCOT, districts, India, n. 477.
, town, India, II. 478; siege of
(1751), vi. 9; xn. 800.
ARCS, Circular, graduation of, XI. 28.
ARCTIC CURRENT, in. 20.
ARCTIC EXPLORATIONS, x. 190, 192;
XIX. 315; Franklin's, IX. 721.
ARCTIC OCEAN, n. 478; xix. 315.
ARCTIUM, genus of plants, xxni. 307.
ARCTOIDEA, section of Carnivora, xv.
439-
ARCTOMYS, genus of rodent mammals,
xv. 417,418, 559-
ARCTONYX, genus of carnivorous mam
mals, xv. 439.
ARCUEIL, France, aqueduct at, n. 222.
, Societe d', x. 122.
ARCULPH, French bishop, on the Holy
Sepulchre, XXL 672.
ARCUS SENILIS, eye disease, xvn. 781.
ARDABIL, town, Persia, n. 479; xvni.
626.
ARDAHAN, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
xxni. 515.
ARDAKAN, town, Persia, xvni. 628.
ARDASHIR I., king (Sasanian) of Persia,
xvni. 607.
- II., of Persia, xvni. 610.
— III., of Persia, xvin. 615.
ARDATOFF, town, Russia, xxn. 77.
ARDEA, ancient town, Italy, n. 479;
xiv. 343.
, genus of birds, XI. 760.
ARDEBIL, town, Persia, n. 479.
ARDECHE, department, France, n. 479;
river, xx. 528.
ARDELAN, province, Persia, n. 479.
ARDEN, woodland division, Warwick
shire, England, xxi. 738.
•, Mary, Shakespeare's mother, xxi.
745, 747, 765-
ARDENNES, department, France, n. 479.
ARDENNITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
ARDERN, mountain, Ireland, xx. 170.
ARDFERT, village, Ireland, n. 480;
cathedral at, xiv. 52.
ARDGLASS, town, Ireland, n. 480.
ARDJARI, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
xxni. 514.
ARDMORE, Ireland, round tower and
cathedral at, xxiv. 401.
ARDOCH, parish, Scotland, n. 480;
Roman remains at, xvin. 667.
ARDOIN, Lombard king, xin. 469.
ARDRES, town, France, n. 480.
ARDROSSAN, town, Scotland, n. 480; in.
163.
AREA, Mensi;ration of, xvi. 13.
•, Standards of, xxiv. 485.
AREAS, parabolic and elliptic, projec
tion of, xix. 798.
ARECA, genus of palms, in. 616; xvin.
190.
ARED, province, Arabia, n. 240, 254.
AREKHA, Abba (Rab), Jewish scholar,
xx. 190.
ARELATE (Aries), ancient town, France,
n. 543-
AREM, Flood of, in Arabia, n. 255.
AREMBERG, town, Prussia, n. 481.
•, Dukes of, n. 481.
ARENA, in the amphitheatre, I. 775.
ARENACEA, group of Foraminifera, ix.
375-
ARENARI^E, sandpits used as catacombs,
V. 212.
ARENAS GORDAS, district, Spain, xxn.
293-
ARENDAL, town, Norway, n. 481.
ARENDALITE, mineral, n. 481.
ARENICOLA MARINA, lobworm, n. 71.
ARENSBURG, town, Russia, xvn. 732.
ARENSKRONE, town, Prussia, vn. 134.
AREOPAGITICA, Greek writings, vn.
248.
— , Milton's work, xvi. 330.
AREOPAGUS, hill, Athens, II. 481; XL
97; xvin. 531; xxn. 255.
AREQUIPA, department and town, Peru,
n. 484; xvin. 674.
ARES, Greek god (the Roman Mars), II.
484; XV. 569; festival of, at Papremis,
xix. 91; fountain of, at Thebes, xxni.
o 23°-
ARESKUTAN, mountain, Sweden, xxn.
736.
ARESON, Jon, Icelandic poet, n. 485.
ARET^US, Greek physician, n. 485; I.
802; xv. 804.
ARETHUSA, fountain, Syracuse, n. 485;
xxn. 813.
— , ancient town, Macedonia, n. 486.
— , ancient town, Syria, n. 486.
ARETIN, J. C. F. von, writer on mne
monics, xvi. 533.
ARETINO, Pietro, Italian satirist, n. 486;
xx. 609; xxni. 414.
ARETINUS, Guido, Italian musician, xi.
257; xvn. 80.
AREZZO, town, Italy, n. 486; xxn. 41;
altar in cathedral, xix. 123; its school
of painting, XXI. 436, 442; university,
xxni. 836.
ARFVEDSONITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
ARG^EUS, mountain, Asia Minor, n.
705; V. 75; xxni. 654.
ARGALI, kind of sheep, xxi. 785.
ARC AM, village, India, n. 486.
ARC AN, tree and fruit, Morocco, xvi.
833-
ARGAND, Aime, his burner for lamps,
x. 98; Xiv. 245; his anticipation of
quaternions, xx. 161.
ARGAUM (Argam), village, India, n.
486.
ARGELANDER, Friedrich W. A., Ger
man astronomer, n. 486.
ARGELES, town, France, xx. 127.
ARGENIS, Barclay's romance, ill. 369.
ARGENS, river, France, xxiv. 68.
ARGENSOLA, Bartolomeo Leonardo,
Spanish poet, 1 1. 487.
-, Lupercio Leonardo, Spanish dram
atist, II. 486; XXII. 356.
ARGENTAN, town, France, n. 487; xvni.
2; lace of, xiv. 1 86.
ARGENTEUIL, town, France, n. 487;
xxi. 625.
ARGENTIERA (Cimolos), island, .Egean
Sea, xv. 841.
ARGENTINA, genus of Salmonidoe, xxi.
221, 224.
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC, n. 487; i. 712;
debt, xvn. 247; libraries, xiv. 536,
551; newspapers, xvn. 437; observa
tory at Cordova, xvn. 716.
ARGENTITE, mineral, xvi. 392.
ARGENTORATUM (Strasburg), Roman
station, Germany, XX 1 1. 589.
ARGHAND-AB, river, Afghanistan, i.
229.
ARGHOUL, musical instrument, xvn.
707.
ARGIOPE, genus of Brachiopoda, xix.
441.
ARGIPP/EI, ancient nomadic race, xxi.
575-
ARGIVE CHIEFS, their expedition against
Thebes, vin. 477.
ARGO, Voyage of the, n. 496.
ARGOL, crude tartar, n. 496; VI. 556;
xxiv. 602.
ARGONAUTA, genus of Mollusca, vi. 739;
xvi. 675.
ARGONAUTICA, epic by Flaccus, ix.
275.
— , epic by Varro, xxiv. 94.
ARGONAUTS, of Greek legend, n. 496;
xv. 776; xxni. 280; in Lemnos, xiv.
436.
A R G — A R M
29
ARGONNE, plateau, France, n. 497.
ARGOS, ancient town, Greece, II. 497;
xi. 93 ; its school of sculpture, u.
35°-
ARGOSTOLI, town, Cephalonia, Greece,
n. 497; v. 344.
ARGOSY, slap, named from Ragusa, xn.
710; xx. 221.
, magazine, XXIV. 644.
ARGOVIE (Aargau), Swiss canton, I. 3.
ARGUIN, island, West Africa, n. 497.
ARGUN, river, Siberia, I. 746; xxm.
510.
ARGUS, in Greek legend, II. 498.
ARGUSA (Ragusa), ancient town, Dal-
matia, xx. 221.
ARGYLL, Earls and dukes of, n. 498;
eighth earl, XXI. 515; ninth earl, xxi.
5I7-
ARGYLLSHIRE, county, Scotland, n.
499; area and population, xxi. 528;
representation, xxill. 727; its herring
fishery, IX. 260.
ARC YRO- CASTRO, town, Albania, n.
501.
ARGYROPULUS, John, learned Greek, II.
501.
ARI, Icelandic historian, XII. 624.
ARIA, Parthian satrapy, xviu. 586,
592-
ARIADNE, in Greek mythology, II. 501.
FLORENTINA, Ruskin's work, vin.
445-
ARIALDUS, leader of the Patarene sect,
xviii. 354.
ARIANISM, system of doctrine, n. 537;
xin. 671.
ARIANO, town, Italy, n. 501.
ARIARATHES I. -IX., kings of Cappa-
docia, v. 75, 76.
ARIAS MONTANUS, Benedictus, Oriental
scholar, 1 1. 501.
ARIBAU, B. Carlos, Spanish writer, xxn.
364-
ARICA, town, South America, n. 501;
xviii. 674, 679.
ARIEGE, department, France, II. 502.
ARIKAREES, American Indian tribe, xn.
832.
ARIMANES (Ahriman, q.v.), Zoroastrian
principle of evil, I. 424.
ARIMASPIANS, ancient race, Scythia,
xxi. 577.
ARIOBARZANES I., II., kings of Cappa-
docia, v. 76.
, Persian general, XVIII. 559.
, Persian satrap, xviii. 579.
, king of Pontus, xix. 459.
ARION, Greek poet, 1 1. 502.
ARIOSTO, Lodovico, Italian poet, II. 502;
VII. 418; XIII. 509; his place in the
Renaissance, xx. 385.
ARIOVISTUS, German leader, x. 474.
ARISBAYA, town, Madura, Indian Archi
pelago, xv. 193.
ARISTVENETUS, Greek letter-writer, xx.
636.
, in Greek legend, n. 504.
ARISTAGORAS, lord of Miletus, XL 98;
xviii. 570.
ARISTANDER, Greek soothsayer, n. 504.
ARISTARCHUS of Samos, astronomer, n.
504, 748.
of Samothrace, grammarian, II.
504; XL 43, 143; xn. 115.
ARISTEAS, mythical poet, n. 504.
ARISTIDES, Athenian general, n. 504;
XL 99; rival of Themistocles, xxm.
250.
of Thebes, Greek painter, II. 506.
— , JElius, Greek rhetorician, II. 505.
-, Quintilianus, writer on music, II.
506.
ARISTILLUS, Alexandrian astronomer,
II. 748.
ARISTIPPUS, Greek philosopher, II. 506;
his ethical system, vill. 578; founder
of the Cyrenaic school, vi. 750.
ARISTO of Chios, Stoic philosopher, 1 1.
507.
ARISTOBULUS I., II., princes of Judeua,
xm. 423, 424.
— , Peripatetic philosopher, n. 507; I.
500.
— of Cassandria, general of Alexander
the Great, II. 507.
ARISTOCLES, alleged name of Plato, xix.
194.
ARISTOCRACY, xvn. 524; xviii. 458;
government by, XI. 1 1 ; Roman, of the
Middle Ages, xx. 782, 787, 792, 806.
ARISTOCRATES, Demosthenes's oration
against, vn. 69.
ARISTOLOCHIA, genus of plants, XL 228.
ARISTOPHANES, Greek dramatist, n.
507; vii. 407; XL 140; as satirist,
xxi. 318.
— of Byzantium, Alexandrian critic,
II. 510.
ARISTOTELIANISM, or Aristotelian Philo
sophy, its different epochs, II. 523 ;
Abelard's resuscitation of, I. 35 ;
Ramus's opposition to, XX. 268 ; re
lation of, to scholasticism, XXI. 417,
426; Trendelenburg's revival of, xxm.
542.
ARISTOTLE, n. 510; xvin. 545; tutor of
Alexander the Great, I. 480; founder
of the Peripatetics, XVIII. 545; his in
fluence on Greek literature, XL 142;
his relations with Theophrastus, xxm.
277; on analogy, I. 791; his Analytics,
!• 7935 founder of comparative ana
tomy, I. 800; his classification of
animals, xxiv. 804; his influence on
Arabian philosophy, II. 266; on associ
ation of ideas, II. 730; on astronomy,
II. 747; on axioms, in. 158; on the
beautiful, I. 215; on birds, xviii. 2;
on the categories, v. 222; his economic
theories, xix. 349; his ethics, vill. 581;
on evolution, Vill. 757; on fishes, XII.
630; his logic, XIV. 784; on medicine,
xv. 80 1 ; his metaphysic, XVI. 79; on
the mysteries, XVII. 126; on physio
gnomy, xix. 3 ; on reptiles, xx. 432 ;
his rhetoric, xx. 510;. on slavery, XXII.
131 ; on the Tethyum, one of the Tuni-
cata, xxm. 609; commentaries on, by
Albertus Magnus, I. 454; by Alex
ander of Aphrodisias, I. 486; edition
of his works by Brandis, I v. 2 1 5 ; trans
lations of his works by Boetius, in.
856.
ARISTOXENUS, Greek writer on music
and philosopher, II. 524; XVII. 78;
xviii. 545.
ARITHMETIC, 11. 524; Cardan's work on,
V. 90; contributions to, by Leonardo
of Pisa, xix. 125; by Napier, xvn.
184; by the Pythagoreans, xx. 140;
tables of, xxm. 7.
SERIES, xxi. 678.
ARITHMOLOGY, theory of numbers,
xvn. 614.
ARIUS, theologian of Alexandria, II. 537;
at council of Niceea, vi. 560.
-, genus of fishes, xxn.
ARIZONA, Territory, U.S.A., n. 538;
xxm. 802.
ARJUN MAL, Sikh ruler, India, xx.
no.
ARK, of Noah, n. 539; vn. 55.
— , of the Covenant, II. 539; XIII. 398.
ARKANSAS, State, U.S.A., n. 539; xxm.
802; river, II. 540; xvi. 518.
ARKANSITE, mineral, xvi. 387.
ARKLET, Loch, Scotland, xxn. 553.
ARKLOW, town, Ireland, n. 540; xxiv.
557-
ARKSUTITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
ARKWRIGHT, Sir Richard, English in
ventor, n. 540; vi. 490; xvii. 600.
ARLBERG TUNNEL, Alps, xxm. 624.
ARLECCHINO (Harlequin), of the panto
mime, xviii. 215.
ARLES, town, France, II. 543.
ARLINGTON, Earl of, English statesman,
"I- 573-
ARLON, town, Belgium, II. 543.
ARLOTTI, Jacopo, captain of the people,
Rome, xx. 798.
ARM, Human, anatomy of, I. 827, 839.
ARMADA, Spanish, n. 543; xvin. 745;
xxn. 329.
ARMADILLO, family of Edentata, n. 544;
xv- 358> 386; skeleton of, xxn. 108.
ARMAGH, county, Ireland, n. 545;
population and representation, xxm.
727.
, town, Ireland, n. 546; library,
XIV. 524; observatory, xvii. 710.
, Archbishop of, 1 1. 370.
, Book of, Irish MS., xvin. 158,
412.
ARMAGNAC, district, France, n. 546.
ARMAGNACS, party, in France, v. 410;
IX. 548; their struggles in Paris,
XVIII. 290.
ARMATOLI, special constables in Greece,
XL 124.
30
A R M — A II S
ARMATURE, Electric, Siemens's, xxii.38.
ARMED NEUTRALITY, The (1780), ix.
594-
ARMENIA, country, Western Asia, n.
546; xvin. 595; xxiii. 653.
, History of, by Moses of Chorene,
xvi. 861.
, Russian, Transcaucasia, xxin. 513.
ARMENIAN CHURCH, The, n. 548; xx.
631; primate's seat at Etchmiadzin,
vin. 566.
ARMENIAN LANGUAGE, n. 549; xvin.
784; dictionaries of, Vil. 190.
ARMENIAN LITERATURE, n. 550.
ARMENIANS, connected with Church of
Rome, XX. 631.
— , Era of the, v. 716.
ARMENIAN VERSION, of the Bible, n.
550.
ARMENT, village, Egypt, vn. 782.
ARMENTA, Franciscan missionary,
Paraguay, xvm. 245.
ARMENTIERES, town, France, n. 551;
xvii. 535.
ARMET, variety of helmet, xi. 637.
ARMFELT, Count, Swedish general, n.
55i-
ARMIJO, Manuel, governor of New
Mexico, xvii. 402.
ARMILLARY SPHERES, Invention of, n.
748.
ARMILLUS, the Jewish anti-Messiah,
II. 126.
ARMINIANISM, system of doctrine, II.
552.
ARMINIUS, German chief, x. 475.
, James, Dutch theologian, II. 551;
XII. 78.
ARMISTICE, in war, u. 552.
ARMISTICIO, territory, Venezuela, xxiv.
140.
ARMLET, bracelet, iv. 187.
ARMORIAL BEARINGS, xi. 683.
ARMORICA, district, France, n. 553.
ARMORIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE,
v. 298, 324; dictionaries of, vn. 188.
ARMOUR, n. 553.
ARMOUR-PLATED SHIPS, xvii. 285;
xxi. 822.
ARMOUR-PLATING, of sea fortresses,
ix. 451.
ARMS, of the British army, II. 588;
early Irish, xni. 254; small, XI. 278.
, Coats of, xi. 683, 688.
AND ARMOUR, n. 553.
ARMSTRONG, Archie, jester, ix. 366.
, John, English writer, II. 558.
— GUN, XI. 290, 307.
ARMY, n. 559; employment of, in war,
XXIV. 343; ofiicial precedence in
British, XIX. 667; Austrian, in. 123;
British, Vlll. 244; European armies,
vin. 705; French, IX. 516; German,
X. 467; Indian (British), xn. 774;
Italian, XIH. 458; Persian, xvin. 628;
ancient Roman, xx. 734, 746, 759;
Russian, xxi. 72; Spanish, xxn. 203;
Turkish, xxiii. 655; United States,
xxin. 828; barracks, in. 391; courts
martial, vi. 517; dietary, vn. 212;
savings banks, xxi. 330; transport
corps, xxiv. 295; military societies,
xxn. 227.
ARMY ACT, English (1881), xvi. 296.
ARNA, wild buffalo, iv. 442.
ARNAOUTS (Albanians), Greece, xi. 83.
ARNAUD, Henri, Waldensian leader, II.
620; xxiv. 325.
— DE VILLA NOVA, alchemist, n.
620.
ARNAULD, Angelique, abbess of Port
Royal, n. 620.
, Antoine, French theologian, II.
620; xvm. 335; XXII. 82; his con
nexion with Jansenism, xill. 566.
-, Jacqueline Marie, abbess of Port
Royal, n. 621; xix. 533.
ARNAUT DANIEL, Proven§al poet, xix.
874.
ARNDT, Ernst Moritz, German writer,
n. 622; x. 543.
, John, German Protestant theolo
gian, II. 622; X. 529; xix. 83.
ARNE, Thomas Augustine, musical com
poser, II. 623.
ARNHEIM, town, Netherlands, n. 623.
, Johan Georg, Baron von, German
general, II. 624.
ARNHEM (Arnheim), town, Netherlands,
ii. 623.
LAND, Australia, in. 107.
ARNICA, genus of plants, n. 623.
ARNIM, Bettina von, German authoress,
n. 624.
Johan Georg, Baron von, German
general, II. 624.
— , Karl Otto Ludwig von, German
writer of travels, n. 624.
-, Ludwig Achim von, German poet
and novelist, II. 624.
ARNI MAGNUSSON, Icelandic writer,
xn. 626; xv. 284.
ARNIS, Greek festival, xiv. 678.
ARNIS/EUS, Henningus, German phy
sician, n. 624.
ARNO, river, Italy, n. 624; xni. 438.
-, archbishop of Salzburg, II. 625.
ARNOBIUS, the Elder, Christian writer,
n. 625.
, the Younger, Biblical commentator,
n. 625.
ARNOLD, town, England, xvn. 598.
, German hymn-writer, xn. 587.
of Brescia, forerunner of the Re
formation, 11.625; xni- 472! xx- 792-
— , Benedict, American adventurer,
XXin. 744, 787.
— , Samuel, musical composer, II. 626.
, Thomas, headmaster of Rugby
school, England, n. 626.
DE TORROGE, grand-master of
ARNOTT, Neil, physicist, n. 627.
ARNOTTO, vegetable dye, n. 627.
ARNSBERG, town, Westphalia, n. 628;
xxiv. 517.
ARNSTADT, town, Germany, n. 628;
xxi. 461.
ARNULF, king of Germany, x. 481.
, archbishop of Rheims, XXII. 75.
Knights Templars, xxin. 161.
ARNOLDUS DE VILLA NOVA, alchemist,
n. 620.
ARNUS (Arno), river, Italy, II. 624.
AROK-SZALLAS, town, Hungary, n. 628.
AROLSEN, town, Waldeck, Germany,
xxiv. 321.
ARON, river, France, xvn. 495.
ARONA, town, Italy, n. 628.
AROUET, Fran§ois Marie, real name of
Voltaire, I. 791; XXIV. 285.
ARPAD, Hungarian dynasty, xn. 367.
ARPINO, town, Italy, n. 628.
ARPOXAIS, Scythian legendary hero,
xxi. 576.
ARQUA, town, Italy, n. 628.
ARQUERITE, mineral, xvi. 382.
ARQUES, town, France, n. 628; forest,
xxi. 626.
ARRABBIATI, Florentine faction, xxi.
336.
ARRACHEL, Arabian mathematician,
xxin. 562.
ARRACK, spirituous liquor, II. 628; VI.
103; distillation of, vn. 264.
ARRAH, town, India, XXI. 735.
ARRAIGNMENT, in law, n. 628.
ARRAN, island, Scotland, n. 628.
— , Earl of, regent of Scotland, xxi.
499-
ARRAS, town, France, n. 629; xvin.
339; tapestry of, XXIII. 212; treaty of
(1435), ix. 550.
ARREBO, Anders, Danish poet, vn. 90.
ARREST, in law, n. 629; without warrant,
xxiv. 371.
ARRESTMENT, in Scots law, n. 630,
ARREST OF JUDGMENT, 11. 630.
ARRETIUM (Arezzo), ancient town,
Italy, n. 486; vin. 635.
ARRETOPHORIA, Greek festive cere
mony, xxin. 296.
ARRIA, wife of Caecina Pa?tus, n. 630.
ARRIAN, Greek historian, n. 630.
ARRIGAL, mountain, Ireland, vn. 361.
ARRIUS DlOMEDES, Villa of, Pompeii,
xix. 450.
AR-RiYASHl, Arabian historian, XXIII. 3.
ARROE, island, Denmark, I. 184.
ARRONDISSEMENT, administrative di
vision, France, IX. 509.
ARROW, Lough, Ireland, xxn. 159.
POISONS, xxn. 608.
ARROWROOT, n. 631; Brazilian, v. 182;
in Polynesia, xix. 419.
ARROWS, manufacture of, n. 376.
ARROWSMITH, family of geographers, n.
632.
ARROYO, river, Cochin-China, xxi. 152.
ARSACES I., king of Parthia, xv. 143;
xvin. 587.
II., of Parthia, xvin. 589.
A K S — A R Y
31
ARSACID^E, dynasty of Partliian kings,
ii. 632; xvin. 587, 605.
ARSACIDS, in Armenia, n. 547.
ARSAMASS, town, Russia, n. 632; xvn.
501.
ARS AMATORIA, Ovid's poem, xvm. 79.
ARSENAL, n. 632; of ancient Venice,
xxiv. 143, 155.
ARSENIATE OF NICKEL, mineral, xvi.
404.
ARSENIC, chemical element, n. 634; v.
539; xvi. 380; as poison, xix. 277.
ARSENIDES, as impurities of ores, xvi.6i.
— , Methyl, XVI. 197.
ARSENIOSIDERITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
ARSENOLITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
ARSES, king of Persia, xvin. 581.
ARSICAS (Artaxerxes II.), king of Persia,
xvm. 576.
ARSINOE, wife of Lysimaclms, xv. 120.
, ancient town, Egypt, XXII. 620.
, Spring of, Greece, xvi. 52.
ARSISSA PALUS (Lake Van), Asia
Minor, XXIV. 53.
ARSON, in law, ii. 635 ; in relation to
insurance, xin. 167.
ART, n. 636; beginnings of, VI 1 1. 622;
illustrated by coins, XVII. 629, 633;
copyright in works of, VI. 360; func
tions of, I. 213; Etruscan, vin. 637,
639; early Greek, n. 345; Japanese,
Xlll. 588; poetical, Xix. 258; in the
Kenaissance, XX. 385, 390; Schopen
hauer on, XXI. 451.
ARTA, town, Albania, II. 639; river, ii.
640.
, Gulf of, Ionian Sea, II. 640.
ARTABA, Egyptian measure, xxiv. 485.
ARTABANUS I., king of Parthia, xvin.
594-
II., of Parthia, xvm. 595.
III., of Parthia, xvin. 600.
— IV., of Parthia, xvin. 605.
, murderer of Xerxes I., xvm. 573.
ARTABAZUS, Persian satrap, negotiates
with Pausanias, XVIII. 573.
, Persian satrap, his revolt under
Artaxerxes, xvm. 580.
ARTAMUS, genus of birds, xxn. 730.
ART AND PART, in Scots law, n. 639.
ARTAPHERNES, Persian general, xvm.
57i-
ARTAXERXES, kings of Persia, n. 640;
tombs of, xvm. 558.
I., Longimanus, XVIII. 573.
- II., Mnemon, vi. 753; xvin. 576.
- III., Ochus, XVIII. 580; his con
quest of Egypt, vn. 744.
IV., Bessus, XVlll. 582.
ARTEDI, Peter, Swedish naturalist, n.
642; xn. 632; xiv. 672.
ARTELS, Russian co-operative societies,
xxi. 84.
ARTEMIDORUS, of Ephesus, writer on
dreams, II. 642.
ARTEMIS, Greek goddess (the Roman
Diana), n. 643; vn. 167; xvn. 154;
festival of, at Bubastis, XIX. 90; myths
of, xvn. 135; her relation to Hecate,
XI. 609; to Latoua, xiv. 345; temple
of, at Ephesus, vin. 468; at Magnesia,
xv. 217.
ARTEMISIA, queen of Halicarnassus, n.
644; XL 383.
, wife of Mausolus, king of Caria, 1 1.
644.
ARTEMUS WARD (Charles Farrar
Browne), American humorist, IV. 389;
I. 727.
ARTERIES, blood-vessels, xxiv. 103, 106;
anatomy of, I. 902; in. reptiles, XX.
459-
ARTESIAN WELLS, ii. 644; x. 269.
ARTEVELDE, Jacob van, Flemish popular
leader, II. 646.
Philip van, popular leader, 1 1.
647.
, Philip van, Sir Henry Taylor's
poem, xxill. 93.
ARTHENICE (Marquise de Rambouillet),
xx. 264.
ARTHRITIS, Rheumatoid, disease, xx.
5I8.
ARTH ROBACTERIACE/E, family of Schizo-
mycetes, XXL 405.
ARTHROPODA, group of animals, n. 647;
xin. 141; xvii. 115; in Lankester's
classification, xxiv. 813; embryology
of, xx. 419; histology of, XII. 7; re
production of, XX. 409; skeletal struc
ture of, xxn. 106; their touch-organs,
XXIIL 478.
ARTHROSPORE.42, group of Schizomy-
cetes, xxi. 405.
ARTHUR, early British king and hero of
romance, II. 649; vin. 271; romances
and legends of, V. 322; vill. 309, 407;
IX. 639; x. 172; xx. 642, 647, 649;
his connexion with Caerleon, IV. 632.
of Brittany, nephew of John, king
of England, vm. 306; IX. 541; xill.
713-
, Chester Alan, president of the
United States, XXIIL 787.
ARTHUS DE BRETAGNE, romance of, xx.
648.
ARTIBEUS PLANIROSTRIS, species of bat,
xxiv. 52.
ARTICHOKE, vegetable, n. 653; xn.
278.
•, Jerusalem, vegetable, I. 369; XII.
283.
ARTICLES, The Thirty-Nine, of the
Church of England, II. 653; vill. 338,
377, 379-
OF WAR, English, vi. 517; xvi.
296.
ARTICULATA, division of animals, n.
654, 271; vi. 633; xin. 141.
ARTICULATION, or Joint, in anatomy, I.
832.
, of sounds, in teaching deaf-mutes,
vn. 8; loss of the function in aphasia,
II. 171.
ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS, ix. 348.
ARTIFICIAL TEETH, vn. 99.
ARTILLERY, n. 655, 557; field, XL
313; marine, XV. 545; penetrating
power of, ix. 428, 448, 450; royal
regiment of, in British army, II. 578;
tactical management of, xxiv. 359.
ARTIODACTYLA, suborder of ungulate
mammals, xv. 429.
ARTISAN LABOUR, xiv. 166.
ARTIST, Aims of the, ix. 197.
ARTISTS, Greek and Roman, ii. 368.
ARTOIS, ancient province, France, ii.
670.
— , Count of (Charles X. of France), V.
412.
, House of, its connexion with Capet
family, v. 55.
ART POETIQUE, of Boileau, in. 863.
ARTS, Faculty of, in universities, xxill.
833.
-, The Fine, IX. 194.
ARTUS (Arthur), British hero, 1 1. 649.
ARTUSI, Giovanni Battista, Italian
musician, xvn. 87.
ARTVIN, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
XXIIL 514.
ARUBA, island, West Indies, xxiv.
510.
ARU ISLANDS, Moluccas, ii. 670; xn.
815.
ARUKH, Talmudic lexicon, xxill. 37.
ARUN, river, Sussex, England, xxn.
723-
ARUN-BARUN BASIN, Tibet, XXIIL
34i-
ARUNDEL, town, England, II. 670;
xxn. 724.
, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury,
ii. 670; his Constitutiones against
heresy, xiv. 812.
— MSS. AND LIBRARY, xxi. 38 ;
music in, xvn. 83.
ARUNDELIAN MARBLES, n. 671;
Parian Chronicle in, xvin. 273.
ARUNDO, ancient writing implement,
xvm. 483.
ARUSHA (Eros), in Vedic mythology,
vin. 527.
ARUWIMI, affluent of the Congo,
Africa, XXIV. 764.
ARVAL BROTHERS, priesthood, ancient
Rome, n. 671.
ARVE, river, France and Switzerland, n.
672; xx. 527; xxi. 332.
ARVICOLA, genus of rodent mammals,
xv. 419; xxiv. 277.
ARWADH, Syriac writer, XXII. 828.
ARYABHATA, Indian astronomer, I. 517;
XXIIL 561.
ARYAN LANGUAGES, n. 672; xvin.
771, 778, 781; in Europe, VIII. 699,
forms of grammar in, XL 39.
ARYAN RACES, n. 674, 697, 698; in
India, xn. 779; native home of, xvin.
102; their cosmogony, vi. 447; early
worship, IV. 202.
32
A R Y — A S M
ARYBALLUS, ancient Greek vase, xix.
614.
ARZAMAS, town, Russia, n. 632; xvn.
501.
ARZANENE, ancient district, Asia, xiv.
159.
ARZEN-REDHWAN, affluent of the
Tigris, xxiii. 387.
As, ancient Roman coin and weight, 1 1.
675; xvn. 652.
ASADI, Ali b. Ahmad al, Persian writer,
xvin. 656.
ASAFI, town, Morocco, xxi. 145.
ASAFCETIDA, gum resin, II. 675; I. 232,
742.
ASAMA-YAMA, volcano, Japan, xm.
571-
ASAMON^EUS, or Asmoneus, ancestor of
the Maccabees, n. 714; xv. 131.
ASANGA, Buddhist teacher, XIV. 228.
ASASEEF, or Asasif, Egypt, tombs at,
vii. 781.
ASBEN, oasis, Central Africa, I. 429;
xvii. 695; mountain, xxi. 149.
ASBESTOS, mineral, II. 675; xv. 217;
xvi. 417; as fire-proof paint, xix. 88.
ASBJORNSEN, Peter Christen, Norwegian
writer on folk-lore, XVII. 592.
ASBURY, Francis, American Methodist,
xvi. 191.
PARK, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.,
xvn. 397.
ASBUZI, town, Asia Minor, xv. 320
ASCALON, town of the Philistines, II.
676; xviii. 755.
ASCANIAN LINE, rulers of Brandenburg,
xx. 2.
ASCANIUS, son of ^Eneas, I. 182.
ASCARIS, genus of nematode worms,
xvii. 325; parasitic forms, xxiv. 205,
206; spermatozoon of, xx. 411.
ASCENSION, island, Atlantic Ocean, n.
676; I. 272.
, Right, in astronomy, II. 765 ; vi.
182.
DAY, church festival, n. 676; IX.
116.
— OF MOSES, apocalyptic book, n.
177.
ASCENSIUS (Badius), Belgian printer, ill.
228.
ASCETICISM, n. 676; xv. 484; Brah-
manist, IV. 205; Buddhist, IV. 435; of
the Essenes, VIII. 550; of Schopenhauer,
XXI. 452; in relation to mysticism,
xvn. 131.
ASCETICS, Early Christian, XVI. 699.
ASCETIC WRITERS, of Italy, xm. 505.
ASCETTA PRIMORDIALIS, sponge, xxn.
412.
ASCH, town, Bohemia, II. 677.
ASCHAFFENBURG, town, Bavaria, II.
677-
ASCHAM, Roger, English scholar, II.
677-
ASCHE, Rabbi (Rab Ashe), editor of
Talmud, n. 679; xx. 190; xxm. 37.
ASCHERSLEBEN, town, Prussia, II. 679;
xxi. 360.
ASCHMEDAI (Asmodeus,5.v.),evil demon,
in Jewish legend, II. 714.
ASCIDIA, genus of Tunicata, early stages
of, xxm. 613; xxiv. 170; develop
ment of, xxm. 610, 613.
ASCIDIACEA, order of Tunicata, xxm.
616.
ASCIDIANS, Simple and Compound,
xxm. 609.
ASCLEPIADES of Prusa, Greek physician,
n. 679; xv. 802.
ASCLEPIADS, descendants of ^Esculapius,
II. 511; xv. 800.
ASCLEPIUS, Greek god of medicine
(the Roman .<Esculapius), xv. 799;
worship of, at Pergamum, xvm. 527.
ASCOLI, town, Italy, II. 679.
, Girolamo de (Pope Nicholas IV.),
XVII. 484.
ASCOMYCETES, order of Fungi, ix. 833;
xiv. 552, 556; xxiv. 127; reproduc
tion of, xx. 426.
ASCON, type of sponges, xxn. 413.
ASCONIUS PEDIANUS, Quintus, Roman
writer, II. 679.
ASCOPODARIA, genus of Polyzoa, xix.
438.
ASCOT RACES, England, xn. 202.
ASCUE, Anne, English martyr, II. 713.
ASCULUM PlCENUM (Ascoli), ancient
Roman city, n. 679.
ASCUTNEY, mountain, Vermont, U.S.A.,
xxm. 792.
ASELLI, or Asellius, Gasparo, Italian
physician, II. 679; I. 811.
ASELLUS, genus of Crustacea, vi. 646.
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION, in animals,
xx. 407; vegetable, xx. 424.
ASGAR, plateau, Sahara, Africa, xxi.
149.
ASGARD, in Norse mythology, II. 679.
ASGILL, John, English writer, n. 680.
ASH, tree, n. 680, 317; weeping, n. 320;
in United States, XXIII. 808; strength
of wood, xxn. 603.
, product of combustion, VI. 47 ;
xix. 49; volcanic, x. 242.
ASHA, Arabic poet, xvi. 537.
ASHANTEE, country, West Africa, 1 1.
68 1 ; I. 269; forests of, IX. 408.
ASHARISM, philosophic theology of Islam,
xvi. 593.
ASHBURTON, town, England, II. 682.
•, Lord, English lawyer, vii. 544.
ASHBY CASTLE, Northampton, England,
xvn. 557.
ASHBY-DE-LA-ZOUCH, town, England,
II. 682.
ASHDOD (Azotus), town, Palestine, ill.
172; xviii. 755; language of, xxi.
645.
ASHE (Asche), Rabbi, editor of Talmud,
n. 679; xx. 190; xxm. 37.
A-SHE-HOH (Ajeho), town, Manchuria,
I. 433; xv. 466.
ASHER, Rabbenu (Rosh), German rabbi,
xx. 852.
ASHERA, or Asherah ("grove"), Canaan-
itish goddess or symbol, in. 175; xvin.
803.
ASHFORD, town, England, II. 682.
ASHIK PASHA, Ottoman poet, xxm.
656.
ASHKENAZIM, division of the Jews, xm.
683.
ASHLAR, in building, n. 460; iv. 471.
ASHLEY, Lord (first earl of Shaftesbury),
xxi. 728.
ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM, Oxford, XVIII.
95-
ASHREF, town, Persia, vm. 543.
ASHTARKHANIDES, dynasty, Bokhara,
iv. 3.
ASHTAROTH, plural of Ashtoreth, ill.
176.
ASHTON, John, English Lollard, xiv.
811.
ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE, town, England,
n. 682.
ASHTORETH, or Astarte (q.v.), Phoenician
goddess, II. 735; in. 176; xvin. 756;
festival of, at Aphaca, xix. 91.
ASHWANIPI, river, Labrador, XIV. 175.
ASH-WEDNESDAY, n. 680.
ASIA, II. 683 (index, 702); coalfields of,
vi. 58; distribution of fauna of, vn.
269, 271; distribution of flora, vn.
287; forests, IX. 404; gold, X. 743;
languages, XVIII. 779; dictionaries of
languages, vn. 192; in Ptolemy's geo
graphy, xx. 95.
, Central, explorations in, x. 194;
xxm. 338.
MINOR, II. 703 (index, 713), 656;
coins of, XVII. 644; conquest of, by
Alexander, I. 481 ; effects of Mace
donian conquest on, xv. 143; under
the Seljuks, xxi. 636; modern Turkish
provinces of, xxm. 653.
ASIATIC TURKEY, xxm. 653.
ASID^EANS (Assideans), Jewish party, II.
729; XIII. 421, 422.
AsiDO (Jerez or Medina Sidonia), ancient
Roman town, Spain, xin. 629; xv. 819.
ASIENTO, clause in treaty of Utrecht
(1713), xxm. 734.
D'AMBATO, town, Ecuador, i. 659.
Asio, genus of birds, xvin. 90.
AsiOOT (Siut, Asyoot), town, Upper
Egypt, xxn. 103; vii. 775.
ASISIUM (Assisi), ancient town, Italy,
II. 729.
ASKABAD, town, Transcaspian Region,
Russia, xvi. 42; xxm. 512.
ASKELON (Ascalou), town of the
Philistines, n. 676; xviii. 755.
ASKEW, Anne, English martyr, n. 713.
ASKI SHAHR (Kashgar), town, East
Turkestan, XIV. 7; xxm. 639.
ASMAI, or Asmayi, Arabic writer, n. 713.
ASMODEUS, evil demon, in Jewish
legend, n. 714; VII. 64; xxm. 428.
A S M — A S T
33
ASMONEANS, or Hasmonteans, Jewish
family, n. 714; xm. 421; xv. 131.
ASMONEUS, or Asamonaeus, ancestor of
the Maccabees, 1 1. 714; xv. 131.
ASMUS, Matthias Claudius, German poet,
v. 817.
ASNYK, Adam, Polish poet, xix. 306.
ASOKA, Buddhist lawgiver, xil. 784; in
scriptions of, xm. 118; XVlll. 183;
XXI. 272.
ASOLANUS, Andrea, Venetian pr inter, xv.
5I3-
ASOLO, town, Italy, 1 1. 714.
ASOV (Azoff), town, Russia, ill. 169.
ASP, poisonous snake, II. 714.
ASPALATHUM (Spalato), ancient town,
Dalmatia, xxn. 366.
ASPAR, Byzantine soldier, XIV. 452.
ASPARAGIN, in chemistry, XV. 335;
XVII. 519.
ASPARAGUS, vegetable, n. 714; xn.
278.
ASPASIA, of Miletus, Athenian hetasra,
II. 714; xvm. 532.
ASPASIUS, Peripatetic philosopher, II.
714.
of Ravenna, rhetorician, 1 1. 714.
ASPEN, tree, 11.715; xix. 511; in Rocky
Mountains, U.S.A., xxm. 810.
ASPENDUS, ancient town, Asia Minor,
II. 715; xvm. 207; Greek theatre at,
xxm. 223.
ASPER, Hans, Swiss painter, II. 715.
ASPERGILLUM, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
687.
ASPERN, Austria, Battle of (1809), ill.
133; xiv. 289.
ASPHALT, or Asphaltum, mineral, 11.715;
xvi. 428; xxm. 58; its use as paving
material, XX. 586.
ASPHYXIA, arrest of respiration, II. 716;
XX. 485; XV. 780; from drowning, VII.
473; from heat, xxn. 666.
ASPINWALL, town, Panama, n. 716;
xvm. 209.
ASPIRATES, i. 609; xx. 663; xxn. 382;
in Aryan languages, xvm. 787;
hieroglyphic, xi. 796; in ancient MSS.,
xvm. 165.
ASPIRATOR, ventilator in mines, xvi.
461.
ASPORE/E, group of Schizomycetes, XXI.
405.
ASPREDO, fish, xix. 481.
ASPROMONTE, Italy, Battle of (1862),
xm. 491.
ASPUZI, town, Asia Minor, XV. 320.
Ass, II. 716; xn. 175; xvn. 13; Arabian,
n. 242; Egyptian, vn. 711; wild, of
India, xn. 742; milk of, xvi. 303;
strength of, XV. 772.
ASSAI, Brazilian beverage, xvni. 234.
ASSAM, province, British India, II. 717;
xn. 744; tea culture in, xn. 750;
XXIII. 98.
ASSAMONEUS (Asamonseus), ancestor of
the Maccabees, II. 714; xv. 131.
ASSAROTTI, Ottavio G. B., teacher of
deaf mutes, in Italy, n. 722.
ASSASSINATION, thuggee, in India,
xxm. 327.
ASSASSINS, Moslem sect, n. 722; xvi.
594; xvn. 771.
ASSAULT, in law, n. 724; on a wife,
xxiv. 642.
Ass AYE, India, Battle of (1803), n. 724;
xxiv. 495.
ASSAYING, in metallurgy, II. 724; xvi.
63; by blowpipe, xix. 213; muffle
furnace for, ix. 843; of coal, VI. 80;
of gold, x. 751; of gold and silver
plate, xix. 1 86; of silver, xxn. 72.
ASSELYN, Hans, Dutch painter, II.
728.
ASSEMANI, family of Oriental scholars,
n. 728; xxn. 825.
ASSEMBLY, General, of Church of Scot
land, xix. 680; xxi. 539; xxm. 728.
— OF NOTABLES, France, ix. 595.
ASSEN, town, Holland, II. 728.
ASSENS, town, Denmark, n. 728.
ASSER, John (Asserius), bishop of Sher-
borne, England, II. 728.
ASSESSOR, in law, n. 728.
ASSETS, in law, n. 729.
ASSHUR, Assyrian god, in. 193; xxm.
237-
ASSIDEANS, or Asidseans, Jewish party,
II. 729; xm. 421, 422.
ASSIGNATS, French, IX. 601, 606, 608.
ASSIGNMENT, in law, n. 729.
ASSINI, English settlement, West Africa,
x. 755.
ASSINIBOIA, district, North-West Terri
tory, British America, xvn. 573.
Assist, town, Italy, II. 729.
ASSIZE, in law, n. 729; courts of, vi.
516; trial by, xm. 784.
ASSOCIATE PRESBYTERY, Constitu
tional, Scottish Seceders, xv. 132;
xxm. 728.
ASSOCIATE REFORMED CHURCH, in
U.S.A., xix. 698.
ASSOCIATE SYNOD, Scottish Seceders,
xxm. 728.
ASSOCIATE SYSTEM, in prison dis
cipline, xix. 755.
ASSOCIATION, Working Men's Inter
national, xm. 189.
OF IDEAS, in philosophy, n. 730;
vill. 607; xx. 60; in dreaming, VII.
458; Dr Thomas Brown on, IV. 388;
Hartley's theory of, XL 498.
ASSOCIATIONS, guilds, XL 259.
, Scientific and literary, XXII. 221.
ASSOILZIE, in Scots law, I. 58.
ASSONIUM (Auxonne), ancient town,
France, ill. 143.
Assos, or Assus, ancient town, Asia
Minor, XVII. 122; XXIII. 579.
ASSUAY, province, Ecuador, 1 1. 734.
ASSUMPSIT, in law, xxm. 454.
ASSUMPTION, church festival, n. 734;
xv. 592.
ASSUMPTION (Asuncion), town, Para
guay, n. 825; xvm. 244.
OF MOSES, Jewish apocalyptic
book, n. 177.
ASSURANCE, Life, xm. 168.
ASSUR-BANI-PAL, king of Assyria, in.
1 88; his palace at Nineveh, xvn. 512.
ASSUR-NASIR-PAL, Palace of, at Nineveh,
xvn. 512.
ASSUS, ancient town, Asia Minor, XVII.
122; xxm. 579.
ASSYNT, Loch, Scotland, xxn. 726.
ASSYRIA, 11. 734; in. 183; contests of,
with Israel, Xill. 412; with the Phoeni
cians, xvni. 808; architecture of, n.
397; coins, xvn. 650; glass-making
x. 648; language, in. 192; xxi. 650;
dictionaries of language, VII. 189;
libraries, xiv. 509; pottery, XIX. 604;
religions, xx. 361; xxm. 237.
ASSYRIAN ALPHABETIC SYMBOLS, i.
604.
ASSYRIAN INSCRIPTIONS, xin. 114.
ASSYRIAN MURAL DECORATIONS, xvn.
34-
ASSYRIANS, n. 698.
ASSYTHMENT, ill Scots law, XVIII. 272.
AST, George A. F., German philosopher
and philologist, n. 735.
ASTA, town, Madura, Indian Archi
pelago, xv. 194.
ASTARTE, Phoenician goddess, II. 735;
xvni. 803; her relation to Aphrodite,
II. 172; worship of, in Israel, I. 421.
ASTAUENE, Parthian kingdom, xvni.
592.
ASTELL, Mary, English authoress, n.
735-
ASTENBERG, mountain, Germany, xxiv,
516.
ASTEPA (Estepa), ancient town, Spain,
vin. 559.
ASTER, garden plant, n. 735; xn. 250.
ASTERABAD (Astrabad), province and
town, Persia, n. 738.
ASTERIAS GLACIALIS, species of star
fishes, xx. 416.
ASTERIDEA, order of Echinodermata,
vn. 632.
ASTERIUS of Amasia, writer of homilies,
n. 736.
of Cappadocia, Arian writer, n.
736.
ASTEROIDEA, class of Echinodermata,
xxiv. 813.
ASTEROIDS, minor planets, n. 736, 806.
ASTEROPHERUS, Magnus Olai, Swedish
dramatist, XXI I. 754.
ASTHMA, disease, n. 736.
ASTI, town, Italy, n. 737.
ASTIBAS (Istib), ancient town, Asia
Minor, XIII. 433.
ASTIGMATISM, defect of the eye, vin.
819; xvn. 785; spectacles for, xxn.
373-
ASTOR, John Jacob, American fur
merchant, n. 737.
XXV. - 5
34
A S T — A T H
ASTOR, William C., Bunsen's connexion
with, iv. 522.
FUR COMPANY, U.S.A., xxiv. 387.
ASTORGA, town, Spain, II. 737; XXII.
307-
, Emanuel d', Italian musical com
poser, II. 737.
ASTORIA, town, Oregon, U.S.A., n. 737;
xvii. 825.
ASTOR LIBRARY, New York, n. 737;
xiv. 536.
ASTRABAD, province and town, Persia,
ii. 738; xvin. 627.
ASTR^EA, asteroid, II. 807.
ASTR^ID/E, family of corals, VI. 376.
ASTRAKANITE, mineral, XVI. 402.
ASTRAKHAN, government and town,
Russia, n. 738; xxi. 69.
TARTARS, xxm. 70.
A STRANGE TRUTH, Ford's drama, ix.
395-
ASTROLABE, instrument used in navi
gation, X. 181; XVII. 251.
, French ship, voyages of, vil. 530.
ASTROLOGY, n. 738; vn. 294; xxiv.
795; its relation to magic, XV. 201;
among the Parsees, xvin. 325; Car
dan's work on, v. 90; Kepler's rela
tions to, xiv. 46; Lilly's contributions
to, xiv. 642; Napier's belief in, XVII.
183; Michael Scot's contributions to,
XXI. 470.
ASTRONOMICA, Manilius's poem, xv.
489.
ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS, Pond's,
xix. 452; Roemer's, XX. 620; micro
meter, XVI. 242 ; sextant, xxi. 724;
telescope, xxm. 135; transit circle,
xxm. 515.
ASTRONOMICAL RING, Gemma's, xvii.
251.
ASTRONOMY, n. 744 (index, 823);
applications of, in geodesy, vn. 597;
x. 165; xxn. 696; in measurement of
time, XXIII. 392; musical analogies
with, xvii. 78; Assyrian, in. 191;
Babylonian, in. 190; Hindu, xxi.
294; Moslem, xvi. 596; Pythagorean,
XX. 139; contributions to, by Her-
schel, XI. 766; by Kepler, Xiv. 46;
by Lagrange, xiv. 210; by Laplace,
xiv. 301; by Leverrier, xiv. 486; by
Maskelyne, XV. 609 ; by Newton,
xvii. 447; by Pond, xix. 452; Pto
lemy's system of, XX. 89; by Thales,
XXIII. 218; Delambre's history of,
VII. 41 ; works on, by Longomontanus,
XIV. 866; by Regiomontanus, XX. 342;
astronomical societies, XXII. 225.
ASTROPHOTOMETER, XXIV. 798.
ASTROPHYLLITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
ASTRORHIZIDEA, order of Protozoa,
xix. 846.
ASTRUC, Jean, French physician, n.
824; xv. 815; on the Pentateuch,
xvni. 505.
ASTUR, genus of birds, x. 788.
ASTURIAN DIALECT, xxn. 350.
ASTURIAS, province, Spain, II. 824;
XXII. 298; kingdom of, xxil. 311.
, Prince of, son of John of Gaunt,
xxn. 321.
ASTURICA AUGUSTA (Astorga), ancient
town, Spain, n. 737; XXH. 307.
ASTYAGES, Median king, xvm. 564.
ASUA, affluent of the Nile, Africa, xvn.
506, 507.
ASUNCION (Assumption), town, Para
guay, n. 825; xvm. 244.
ASURAS, in Hindu theology, XVII. 152;
xxiv. 821.
ASWAN, town, Egypt, vn. 783.
ASYLUM, in ancient Greece, II. 825.
ASYLUMS, Lunatic, XIIL 110; vin. 255.
— , for the poor, XIX. 475.
ASYMMETRY, of crystals, xix. 313.
ASYMPTOTES, in geometry, vi. 280, 723;
x. 398; XIIL 25; XXIL 671.
As You LIKE IT, Shakespeare's play,
xxi. 764.
ASYUT (Asioot), town, Upper Egypt,
VIL 775; xxil. 103.
ATA (Al-Mokaiiua), veiled projohet of
Khorasan, xvi. 608.
ATABAPO, town, Venezuela, xvii. 843.
ATACAMA, department, Bolivia, n. 825;
IV. n; XVIII. 670.
•, province, Chili, II. 825; v. 617.
ATACAMITE, mineral, vi. 347; xvi. 385.
ATACAZO, mountain, Ecuador, vn. 645.
ATAHUALLPA, Inca prince of Peru, n.
825; xvm. 677.
ATAKOR, plateau, Sahara, Africa, xxi.
149.
ATALA, Chateaubriand's work, v. 437.
ATALANTA, in Greek legend, n. 826.
ATALANTIS, in Greek legend, in. 27.
, Mrs Mauley's novel, xv. 492.
ATALIK GHAZI (Amir Yakub Beg),
ruler of Kashgar, xiv. 7; xxm. 640.
ATAULF, Gothic chief, x. 849.
ATAVISM, recurrence of ancestral type,
vill. 615; in animals, iv. 247.
ATAXY, Locomotor, disease, n. 826;
XIII. 101.
ATBARA, affluent of the Nile, Africa, I.
62; n. 827; xvii. 507, 508.
ATBO, or Edfu, town, Upper Egypt, vn.
653.
ATCHAFALAYA, river, Louisiana, U.S.A.,
n. 827.
ATCHINSK, town, Siberia, xxiv. 743.
ATCHISON, town, Kansas, U.S.A., xm.
844.
ATE, in Greek mythology, n. 827.
ATEAS, Scythian king, xxi. 578.
ATELES, genus of apes, I. 681; n. 153.
ATELIER, artist's work-room, xvin.
137-
ATELLA, town, Italy, n. 827.
ATELLAN^E, Roman comedies, vn. 409.
ATELORNIS, genus of birds, XX. 627.
ATERNO, river, Italy, xin. 439.
ATESTE, town, Italy, vin. 558.
ATH, or Aeth, town, Belgium, n. 827.
ATHABASCA, river and lake, North
America, n. 827.
district, North - West Territory,
British America, xvn. 573.
ATHABASCANS, American Indians,1' xn.
827.
ATHALARIC, Gothic chief, x. 851.
ATHALIAH, of Scripture, n. 827; xin.
412.
ATHALIA SPINARUM, turnip saw-fly,
xxi. 343.
ATHALIE, Racine's drama, xx. 208.
ATHANARIC, chief of the Visigoths, x.
848; xxm. 258, 720.
ATHANASIAN CREED, vi. 562.
ATHANASIUS, St, bishop of Alexandria,
n. 828; at council of Niciea, vi. 560;
his canon, v. 10.
of Balad, Syriac writer, xxn. 840.
ATHAPESCOW (Athabasca), river and
lake, North America, n. 827.
ATHAR, collection of Moslem legal
decisions, xvi. 594.
(Attar), Ferid Eddin, Persian poet,
ix. 89; xvin. 658.
ATHARVA-VEDA, sacred book of Brah-
manism, xxi. 279.
ATHEOE, suborder of Chelonia, xxm.
456.
ATHEISM, xxm. 234; of Holbach, xn.
53-
ATHELING, Edmund, king of Mercia,
vii. 669.
ATHELSTAN, or ^thelstan, Saxon king
of England, II. 830; vin. 285; union
of Anglo-Saxons under, xvn. 570.
ATHENA, or Athene (q.v.), Greek goddess
(the Roman Minerva), II. 830; xvin.
295.
- NIKE, Temple of, in. 7.
— POLIAS, Temple of, at Pergamum,
xvin. 527.
PROMACHUS, Statue of, at Athens,
in. 5.
ATHENAEUM, ancient academy, n. 831.
ATHEN^EUS, Greek writer, n. 831.
, physician, in Rome, XV. 803.
ATHENAGORAS, Christian apologist, n.
831-
— , Syracusan demagogue, xxn. 814.
ATHENAIS (Eudocia), wife of Theodosiua
II., vin. 659.
ATHENE, or Athena (q.v.), Greek goddess
(the Latin Minerva), n. 830; xvn. 138;
xvm. 295; feast of, at Sais, xix. 91;
brazen house of, at Sparta, xxn.
370.
— ALEA, Temple of, at Tegea, xxm.
no.
ATHENIS, Greek sculptor, iv. 531.
ATHENODORUS, Greek sculptor, n. 832;
xiv. 293.
— CANANITES, Stoic philosopher, n.
832-
— CORDYLION, Stoic philosopher, II.
832.
A T H — A T T
35
ATHENRY, town, Ireland, n. 832; x. 56.
ATHENS, ancient town, Greece, in. i;
XI. 100, 113; plain of, ill. 60; anti
quities of, II. 444; coins of, XVII. 642;
public finance of, IX. 171; early history
of, XI. 95; orders of nobility at, xvil.
526; its school of sculpture, II. 351;
slaves in, xxn. 130; Dionysiac theatre
at, in. 3; xxill. 223; water-works of,
II. 219; its supremacy in Greece, XI.
100; in Peloponnesian War, XI. 101;
relations with Persia, XI. 98; XVill.
570, 574; under the Romans, XI. 107;
connexion with Sicily, xxn. 17; its
relations with Sparta, XXII. 370; siege
of Syracuse, xxn. 814; in time of
Demosthenes, vii. 68; of Herodotus, XI.
757; of Justinian, XI. 113; of Pericles,
XVill. 529; of Pisistratus, xix. 130; of
Plato, xix. 194; of Solon, xi. 96; xxn.
254; of Themistocles, xxill. 250; of
Thucydides, xxill. 322; St Paul's visit
to, xvm. 420.
, capital of modern Greece, ill. 1 1 ;
XI. 85; library at, xiv. 549; observa
tory, xvil. 714; university, xxill. 852.
-, town, Georgia, U.S.A., ill. 11.
, town, Ohio, U.S.A., in. n.
ATHERIS, genus of vipers, xxiv. 248.
ATHERSTONE, town, England, xxiv.
379-
ATHERTON, town, England, in. u.
ATHERURA, genus of rodent mammals,
xix. 518.
ATHIAS, Joseph, Jewish rabbi and
printer, in. n.
ATHLETE, competitors in ancient games,
in. ii.
ATHLETIC CONTESTS, Greek and Roman,'
x. 63; XVIL 766.
ATHLETIC SPORTS, contemporary, ill.
12; XXI. 60; training diet for, vn.
203.
ATHLONE, town, Ireland, in. 13; xxiv.
5i3-
, Earl of (Ginckell), general, x. 602.
ATHOLE, district, Scotland, xvin. 667.
, Dukes of, their connexion with the
Isle of Man, xv. 454.
ATHOR, Egyptian divinity, in. 13; vn.
717; temple of, in Upper Egypt, vn.
77-
ATHOS, peninsula and mountain, Turkey
in Europe, ill. 14; xv. 140; monastery
of St Laura at, I. 1 1 ; pilgrimages to,
Xix. 95.
ATHTAR, Sabasan god, xxiv. 741.
ATHUR, Ruins of, at Nineveh, XVII.
512.
ATHY, town, Ireland, in. 15; xiv. 73.
ATHYR (Athor, q.v.\ Egyptian divinity,
in. 13.
ATINA, town, Italy, in. 15.
ATISHA, Lamaist high priest, Tibet,
xxin. 346.
ATITLAN, lake and volcano, Guatemala,
in. 15; XL 239.
ATJEH (Acheen), government, Sumatra,
xxn. 639.
ATKARSK, town, Russia, xxi. 305.
ATKINSON, H. G., his correspondence
with Harriet Martineau, xv. 584.
ATLAND ER MANHEM, Rudbeck's work
on Sweden, xxn. 755.
ATLANTA, town, Georgia, U.S.A., in. 15;
captured by Sherman (1864), xxin. 779.
, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 654.
ATLANTACEA, suborder of Mollusca, xvi.
653-
ATLANTICA, in Greek mythology, in. 27.
ATLANTIC CITY, town, New Jersey,
U.S.A., xvn. 397.
ATLANTIC OCEAN, in. 15; xvi. 132;
xxi. 612; density of its water, XVill.
120; birds of, in. 756; fishes of, xn.
680 ; railways between it and the
Pacific, I. 715; first line of steam-ships
across, vi. 707.
ATLANTIS, island, in Greek mythology,
in. 27.
ATLAS, in Greek mythology, in. 27.
-, mountains, Africa, in. 27; I. 563;
xvi. 831.
ATLI, in Nibelungenlied, xvn. 474.
ATMOSPHERE, The, in. 28, 381; x. 211,
220; xvi. 114; geological influences of,
x. 264; height of, in. 381; impurities
in, xxiv. 157; physical properties of,
Xix. 240; refractive power of, II. 769;
speed of sound relatively to, XXIV.
418; temperature of, at different eleva
tions, I. 196; tides in, XXIII. 353; its
effect on weighing and measuring,
xxiv. 478.
OF THE SUN, xxn. 645; x. 215.
ATMOSPHERIC ENGINE, xxn. 474.
ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAY, in. 36.
ATMU, Egyptian divinity, vn. 716.
ATOK, district, Transcaspian Region,
Russia, xxni. 510, 511.
ATOLLS, coral reefs enclosing lagoons,
vi. 378; xiv. 27; xvi. 257; xix. 418,
420 ; Murray's theory of origin of,
XVill. 128; in Maldive Islands, XV.
328; in Tahiti Archipelago, XXIII. 22;
in Tuamotu Archipelago, XXIII. 602.
ATOM, in. 36; xvi. 610.
ATOMIC THEORY, in chemistry, v. 465;
vi. 785.
ATOMIC THEORY, Cosmical, early forms
of, vin. 756; of Democritus, vn. 59;
of Empedocles, Vin. 179; of Epicurus,
vin. 474; of Leucippus, xiv. 484;
Cudworth's history of, VI. 689.
ATOMIC WEIGHTS, v. 467, 470; laws of
combination of, v. 468.
ATONEMENT, Day of, Jewish fast, vin.
806.
— , Sacrificial, XXI. 136.
ATOOI, island, Sandwich Islands, Pacific,
in. 49.
ATOPITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
ATRA, or Atrse, ancient town, Meso
potamia, xvi. 48; xvin. 605.
ATRACHELIA, group of beetles, vi.
i33-
ATRACTASPIDID^, family of snakes,
xxn. 193.
ATR^E, ancient town, Mesopotamia, xvi.
48; xvin. 605.
ATRAI, river, India, xx. 261.
ATRAK (Atrek, q.v.), river, Persia, xvin.
620.
ATRATO, river, Colombia, South
America, ill. 49; vi. 153.
ATREK, river, Persia, in. 50; xvin. 620;
xxin. 511.
ATREUS, in Greek legend, in. 50; xvin.
480; treasury of, at Mycense, n. 346,
402.
ATRI, or Atria, town, Naples, in. 50.
ATRICHIA, genus of birds, xxi. 554.
ATRIUM, in Roman and ecclesiastical
architecture, ill. 50.
Rome, XX. 819.
ATROPATENE, Grseco-Persian kingdom,
XVIII. 586.
-, ancient province, Persia, xvin.
626.
ATROPATES, Persian chief, xv. 143.
ATROPHY, disease, in. 50; xvin. 256,
392; in Mollusca, xvi. 644.
— , Acute yellow, of liver, xvin. 386;
xni. 598; xxiv. 735.
ATROPIA, ATROPINE, in chemistry, in.
543; iv. 650; xvn. 231; xix. 279.
ATROPOS, in Greek mythology, in. 51.
ATTACHMENT, in law, in. 51; xxiv.
696.
ATTACUS, genus of silkworms, xxn.
60.
ATTADILLO, edentate mammal, xvin.
211.
ATTAGAS, or Attagen, genus of birds,
xvin. 333.
ATTAGIS, genus of birds, XIX. 228.
ATTAINDER, in English law, in. 52;
Acts of, vin. 330.
ATTAINT, obsolete writ, in English law,
xni. 785; xxiv. 694.
ATTALIA (Adalia), ancient town, Asia
Minor, in. 52; xvin. 207.
ATTALICA, Roman cloth of gold, xxin.
208.
ATTALUS, king of Pergamum, xv. 143;
xvin. 527.
ATTAR, Farid-Uddin, Persian poet,
ix. 89; xvin. 658.
OF ROSES, perfume, in. 52; xx.
851.
ATTARS, essential oils in perfumes,
xvin. 525.
ATTEMPERATOR, brewing utensil, iv.
275.
ATTENTION, in psychology, in. 52; xx.
41.
ATTERBOM, Per Daniel A., Swedish
poet, in. 52; xxn. 757.
ATTERBURY, Francis, bishop of
Rochester, ill. 53.
ATTERSEE, lake, Austria, xxi. 241.
36
A T T - A U G
ATTI, Isotta clegli, mistress of Sigis-
niondo of Rimini, XX. 557.
ATTIC, in architecture, U. 460.
- DIALECT, xi. 134.
— DRAMA, vn. 404.
LITERATURE, xi. 140.
ATTICA, Greece, in. 57; . xi. 95; coins
of, xvii. 642.
ATTICOTTI, ancient British tribes, xin.
245.
ATTICUS, Titus Pomponiiis, friend of
Cicero, III. 61.
H ERODES, Tiberius Claudius,
wealthy citizen of Athens, ill. 61.
ATTIDIAN BRETHREN, Etrurian priests,
VIII. 664.
ATTILA, king of the Huns, in. 61; xn.
381; xx. 781.
ATTIS, or Atys, in Greek mythology,
in. 65; xv. 99.
ATTIUS, Lucius, Latin poet, I. 83.
ATTOCK, town and fort, India, ill. 62.
ATTORNEY, in law, in. 62.
, Power of, in. 62.
ATTORNEY-GENERAL, in. 63.
ATTRACTION, in magnetism, xv. 219,
221.
, in physics, ill. 63; XL 66; xv.
702; local, affecting pendulum, vn.
602.
ATTRUCK (Atrek), river, Persia, in. 50;
xvin. 620; xxni. 511.
ATTWOOD, Thomas, English musical
composer, ill. 65.
ATURES, tribe of American Indians,
xvin. 323.
, cataract, South America, xvn.
844.
ATWOOD, George, English mathemati
cian, ill. 65; his machine, XV. 716,
727, 733-
ATYS, in Greek mythology, in. 65; xv.
99-
Au, suburb, Munich, Germany, xvn.
24.
AUBAGNE, town, France, in. 65.
AUBAINE, Proudhon's theory of, XIX.
867.
AUBE, department, France, in. 65;
river, XXI. 624.
AUBENAS, town, France, in. 66.
AUBER, Daniel F. E., French musical
composer, in. 66.
AUBERGINE, vegetable, xn. 282.
AUBERT, David, Frankish romancist,
xx. 649.
— , Stephen (Pope Innocent VI.), xin.
84.
AUBERVILLIERS, town, France, XXI.
624.
AUBIN, town, France, in. 66.
AUBRAY, Claude d', French writer, IX.
655.
AUBRIOT, Hugues, provost of merchants,
Paris, XVIII. 289.
AUBURN, town, New York, U.S.A., in.
66; xvn. 457.
AUBUSSON, town, France, in. 67.
AUCH, town, France, in. 67.
AUCHENIA, genus of ungulate mammals,
i. 597; xiv. 738.
AUCHTERARDER, town, Scotland, in.
67.
— CASE, in Scottish Church, v. 376;
ix. 743.
AUCHTERMUCHTY, town, Scotland, in.
67.
AUCKLAND, province, New Zealand, in.
67; town, in. 68.
, Earl of, governor-general of India,
in. 68; xn. 807.
— , Lord, English politician, in. 68.
ISLANDS, South Pacific, in. 68;
xvii. 466.
AUCTION, Sale by, in. 68; XXL 206.
AUD^EUS, Syrian reformer, in. 69.
AUDE, department, France, in. 69.
AUDEBERT, Jean Baptiste, French
naturalist and artist, in. 69; xvin. 11.
AUDEFROI LE BASTARD, French song
writer, ix. 642.
AUDIGIER, early French satire, IX. 642.
AUDITA QUERELA, obsolete writ, in
English law, xxiv. 694.
AUDITOR, certifier of accounts, in. 69.
AUDITORY NERVE, in anatomy, I. 895.
AUDITORY SENSATIONS, vn. 594.
AUDI US (Audams), Syrian reformer, in.
69.
AUDOENUS (John Owen), Latin epigram
matist, xvin. 85.
AUDOUIN, Jean Victor, French natural
ist, ill. 70.
AUDRAN, Gerard, French engraver, in.
70; VIIL 442.
— , Jean, French engraver, in. 70.
AUDUBON, John James, American
naturalist, in. 70; on American birds,
xvin. u, 12, 16, 25, 27, 28.
AUE, Hartmann von der, German poet,
x. 518, 523; XL 499.
AUENBRUGGER, Leopold, Austrian
physician, ill. 145; xv. 815; his
method of auscultation, in. 100.
AUERBACH, F., his experiments in
magnetism, xv. 259.
AUERSPERG, Count von (Anastasius
Griin), Austrian poet, X. 546; XL 224.
AUERSTADT, Battle of (1806), xvn. 210.
AUFIDENA, ancient town, Italy, xxi.
249.
AUFIDUS (Ofanto), river, Italy, xin.
440.
AUGEAN STABLES, in Greek legend, in.
71; XL 726.
AUGEIAS, or Augeas, in Greek legend,
in. 71.
AUGER, boring tool, XL 438.
AUGEREAU, Pierre Frangois Charles,
French general, ill. 71.
AUGHRIM (Aghrim), Ireland, Battle of
(1691), I. 282.
AUGITE, mineral, X. 228; XV. 217; XVI.
416.
AUGITE-ANDESITE, mineral, x. 235.
AUGSBURG, town, Germany, in. 71; its
sculptures, XXI. 566; diet and confes
sion of (1530), v. 414; vi. 564; x. 498;
XV. 82, 834; XX. 333; league of (1686),
IX. 579; XII. 81; peace of (1555), X.
499.
AUGUILMIN, town, Morocco, xvi. 834.
AUGURS, Roman diviners, in. 72; xv.
202.
AUGURY, in divination, vn. 293.
AUGUST, month, in. 73.
AUGUSTA, town, Georgia, U.S.A., III.
73-
— , town, Maine, U.S.A , in. 73.
— (Agosta), town, Sicily, I. 285.
, Ceesarea (Zaragoza), ancient town,
Spain, xxii. 307; xxiv. 770.
— AUSCORUM (Audi), ancient town,
France, in. 67.
— EMERITA (Merida), ancient town,
Spain, xvi. 36; xxn. 307.
PRETORIA (Aosta), ancient town,
Italy, u. 147.
AUGUSTAN AGE, in. 79; xx. 721.
AUGUSTAN HISTORY, in. 73; Salma-
sius's notes on, xxi. 220.
AUGUSTENBURG, Prince Frederick of,
vn. 88.
AUGUSTI, John Christian William, Ger
man theologian, in. 75.
and C/ESARES, at Rome, xx. 777.
AUGUSTINE, St, bishop of Hippo, in.
75; his conference with the Donatists,
vn. 360; influence of Neoplatonism
on, xvn. 339; as Biblical interpre
ter, XL 745; his canon of Scripture,
v. 11; his ethics, vni. 592; on bap
tism, in. 349; on the beautiful, I. 216;
on monachism, xvi. 702; on predesti
nation, xix. 669.
-, St, first archbishop of Canterbury,
in. 78; xvi. 707.
AuGUSTlNlANS, or Austin Canons, order
of monks, I. 19; in. 78; xvi. 702.
AUGUSTINUS, The, Jansen's work, xin.
566.
AUGUSTOBONA (Troyes), ancient town,
France, xxill. 590.
AUGUSTOMAGUS (Senlis), ancient town,
France, XXI. 664.
AUGUSTOVO, or Augustowo, town,
Russian Poland, in. 79; xxn. 728.
AUGUSTULUS, Romulus, Roman ern-
peror, xvn. 726.
AUGUSTUS (C. Julius Caesar Octavianus),
Roman emperor, in. 79; XX. 769; in
Spain, XXII. 307; his relations with
Tiberius, xxni. 335; his division of
Rome into regiones, XX. 832; coins
of, xvn. 653; references to, in the
^Eneid, xxiv. 254.
— I.-1 1 1., kings of Poland, xix. 297.
- I., elector of Saxony, XXI. 354.
- II., of Saxony (II. of Poland), in.
84; xix. 297; xxi. 354.
III., of Saxony, in. 85.
A U G — A U W
AUGUSTUS, mountain, Western Australia,
xxiv. 507.
, Era of, v. 716.
AUJALA, oasis, Tripoli, xxm. 574.
AUK, bird, in. 85, 734; great, X. 78;
razor-billed, XX. 302.
AULACORHAMPHUS, genus of birds,
XXIII. 477.
AULDJO VASE, ancient glass vessel, x.
649.
AULIC COUNCIL, court of the empire,
in. 85.
AULIE-ATA, town, Syr-Daria, Eussia,
xxn. 821.
AULIS, ancient town, Greece, m. 85.
AULLAGAS, lake, Peru, xvm. 673.
AULNE, Marquis de 1' (Turgot, q.v.\
French statesman, XXIII. 627.
AULOS, Greek musical instrument, XVII.
707.
AULUS GELLIUS, Roman author, x. 135;
xx. 726.
AUMA, town, Germany, XXI. 349.
AUMALE, town, France, ill. 85.
AUMUCE (Almuce), hood, church vest
ment, vi. 463.
AUNGERVYLE, Richard (Richard de
Bury), bishop of Durham, ill. 85.
AUNT JUDY (Mrs Alfred Gatty), Eng
lish tale writer, x. 109.
AURAL DISEASES, vn. 594.
AURANGZEB, or Aurungzebc, emperor of
Delhi, in. 99; xii. 795.
AURANITIS, province, Bashan, ill. 410.
AURASIUS, mountain, Numidia, xvu.
628.
AURATUS, Jean Daurat, French poet,
vi. 835.
AURAY, town, France, in. 86.
AUREA CHERSONESUS, or Malay Penin
sula, xv. 321.
AUREATUM (Ingolstadt), ancient town,
Bavaria, Xlll. 74.
AURELIAN, Roman emperor, xvm.
202; XX. 773,776; walls of, at Rome,
xx. 832.
AURELIANUS, Caelius, Roman physician,
in. 86; xv. 804.
AURELIUS ANTONINUS (Caracalla),
Roman emperor, v. 81; XXI. 700.
AURELIUS ANTONINUS, Marcus, Roman
emperor and philosopher, in. 86;
xx- 773, 775; as Stoic, xxn. 573.
AUREOLA, in sacred paintings, in. 89.
AURES, mountains, Algeria, xvii. 628.
AUREUS, Roman coin, xvii. 653; de
preciations of, xvi. 726.
AURICH, town, Prussia, in. 89.
AURICHALCITE, mineral, xvi. 399.
AURICULA, garden plant, xn. 253; xix.
737-
AURICULAR CONFESSION, vi. 257.
AURICULID;E, family of snails, xxn. 1 87.
AURIFABER, Joannes, friend of Luther,
in. 89.
, Joannes, of Breslau, Lutheran
divine, in. 90.
AURILLAC, town, France, IIJ. 90.
AURIPIGMENTUM, orpiment, pigment,
xvm. 51.
AUROCHS, European bison, in. 792.
AURORA, Roman goddess, in. 90.
BOREALIS, or Northern Lights, in.
90; xvi. 177, 183; its connexion with
sun spots, II. 787.
— LEIGH, Mrs Browning's poem, iv.
392-
- POLARIS, in. 90.
AURUNCANS, or Ausonians, ancient
people, Italy, XIV. 344.
AURUNGABAD, town, India, in. 99.
AURUNGZEBE, emperor of Delhi, ill.
99; XIL 795.
AUSA (Vich), ancient toAvn, Spain,
xxiv. 210.
AUSCHWITZ, town, Austria, in. 100.
AUSCULTATION, in medicine, in. 100;
xv. 8 1 6.
AUSONIANS, or Auruncans, ancient
people, Italy, XIV. 344.
AUSONIUS, Decimus Magnus, Roman
poet, in. 101.
AUSPEX, Roman diviner, xv. 202.
AUSPICES, signs in divination, ill. 72.
AUSSEE, spa, Styria, Austria, xxn. 614.
AUSSIG, or Aussyenad, town, Bohemia,
III. 101.
AUSTEN, Jane, English writer, in. 101.
, William, English sculptor, XXI.
559-
AUSTERLITZ, town, Austria, in. 102;
battle of (1805), in. 132, 444; ix. 615;
XVII. 210.
AUSTIN, town, Texas, U.S.A., xxm. 205.
— , or Augustine (q.v.), Sts, III. 75, 78.
, Ann, English Quakeress, xx. 152.
— , Captain, Arctic explorer, xix. 321.
— , John, English hymn writer, xii.
592.
, John, English jurist, in. 102; on
government, XI. 9; on jurisprudence,
XIV. 354.
— , Sarah Taylor, English writer, in.
102.
CANONS, order of monks, i. 19;
xvi. 709.
AUSTIN'S ARTIFICIAL STONE, vi. 243.
AUSTRALASIA, in. 102; statistics of
immigration to, VIII. 177.
AUSTRALIA, in. 103; aborigines, in.
112; their languages, xvm. 780;
dictionaries of languages, vn. 192;
their myths, xvn. 147; their religions,
xx. 365; totemism among them,
XXin. 467; birds, ill. 741; xvm. 16;
coalfields, vi. 59; colonization of, x.
190; convict settlements, XIX. 750;
explorations of, ix. 324; x. 186, 195;
fishes, xn. 674, 676, 681; flora, vn.
289; forests, IX. 406; gold in, x. 744;
libraries, XIV. 534, 550; mineral pro
ducts, xvi. 471; observatories, xvu.
716; opium cultivation, xvn. 792;
pearl fisheries, xvin. 447; post office,
xix. 578; railways, xx. 252; rainfall,
xvi. 151; universities, xxm. 856;
wine industry, XXIV. 611.
AUSTRALIA DEL ESPIRITU SANTO,
island, New Hebrides, xvu. 395.
AUSTRALIAN REGION, in zoology, vn.
272.
AUSTRALIOID TYPE, of man, n. 113; in
Asia, n. 697.
AUSTRASIA, country of the Franks, IX.
530; X. 477; under Charles Martel, v.
427.
AUSTRIA- HUNGARY, European empire,
in. 115; struggles of Austria with the
Swiss, XXII. 784; its relations with
the papacy, vi. 242; its share in the
partition of Poland, XIX. 298; under
Joseph II., xni. 750; Napoleon's
invasion of (1805), xvn. 209; under
Metternich's policy, xvi. 200; its rule
in Italy, XIII. 486; war with Prussia,
(1866), X. 508, 511; army, II. 604,
660, 666; arsenals, II. 634; coalfields,
vi. 57; forests, IX. 401; foundling
hospitals, IX. 483; Jews in, XIII. 685;
libraries, XI v. 527, 547; mines, xvi.
468; national debt, xvn. 246; navy,
xvii. 300; newspapers, xvu. 429;
observatories, xvn. 713; police system,
XIX. 343; post office, XIX. 582; prison
system, XIX. 758; railways, XX. 251;
university statistics, XXin. 849;
weights and measures, xxiv. 490;
wine industry, XXIV. 610.
AuSTRU, scorching wind, XXI. 15.
AuTHARi,Flavius, king of the Lombards,
xiv. 814.
AUTHIE, river, France, xxn. 261.
AUTHONNE, river, France, xvn. 749. s
AUTHORITY, Sovereign, its source, xiv.
356.
AUTISSIODURUM (Auxerre), ancient
town, France, in. 143.
AUTOCHTHONES, in Greek mythology,
in. 141.
AUTO-DA-FE, in. 141; xni. 94.
AUTOGRAPH, in. 141.
AUTOLYCUS, Greek astronomer, in. 142;
n. 748.
AUTOLYTUS, genus of Annelida, n. 67.
AUTOMATISM, Descartes on, vn. 125.
AUTOMATON, self-moving machine, in.
142; as used in conjuring, xv. 208.
AUTOPHRADATES, satrap of Lydia, xvin.
579-
AUTOS SACRAMENTALES, Spanish re
ligious dramas, iv. 660; vn. 421; xxiv.
124.
AUTUN, town, France, in. 142.
AUTUNOIS, district, France, xxi. 301.
AUVERGNE, district, France, ill. 142.
, Henri de la Tour d' (Turenne),
French general, xxin. 626.
AUVERNIER, Switzerland, lake-dwelling,
remains at, Xiv. 224.
AUWERS, Dr, on parallax measurements,
xvin. 248.
38
A U X — A Z I
AUXENTIUS of Capparlocia, Arian theo
logian, in. 143.
AUXERRE, town, France, in. 143; xxiv.
746.
AUXONNE, town, France, in. 143.
AUXUME (Axum, q.v.), ancient Abys
sinian kingdom, in. 162; I. 65; xxi.
654.
AVA, town, Burmah, in. 143.
AVAHIS, genus of lemurs, xiv. 441.
AVALLON, town, France, in. 144; xxiv.
746.
AVALON, peninsula, Newfoundland,
xvn. 382.
, St Hugh of, bishop of Lincoln,
XII. 336.
AVANTURINE, mineral, xvi. 389.
AVARS, ancient people of Asia, xxni.
659; their invasion of Greece, XI. 112;
their overthrow by Charlemagne, v.
403; xiv. 60.
, Caucasian tribe, XIV. 475.
AVATCHA, volcano, Kamchatka, ill. 144.
AVEBURV, village, England, in. 144;
cromlech at, XXI. 51; stone circles at,
II. 383; xxiv. 594.
AVEDICK, Armenian patriarch, XIII.
36r.
AVEIRO, town, Portugal, in. 144.
AVELLA, town, Italy, in. 144.
AVELLINO, town, Italy, in. 144.
AVEMPACE, Arabian philosopher, in.
144; II. 269; XXI. 426.
AVENA, genus of grasses, xvn. 696.
AVENERUGGER, Leopold, Austrian phy
sician, in. 145; XV. 815; his method
of auscultation, in. 100.
AVENCHES, district, Switzerland, xxiv.
114, 115.
AVENTINE HILL, at Rome, xx. 731,
807.
AVENTINUS, Johann Thurmayr, Ger
man writer, III. 145.
AVENTURINE, Venetian glass, xvn. 48.
AVENZOAR, Arabian physician, ill. 145;
xv. 805.
AVERAGE, in maritime commerce, in.
145; in marine insurance, xni. 187.
, mathematical and statistical, XIX.
780; xxn. 465.
AVERNUS, lake, Italy, in. 149.
AVERROES, Arabian philosopher and
physician, in. 149; n. 269; xv. 805;
xxi. 426.
AVERRUNCUS, epithet of Jupiter, xni.
780.
AVERSA, town, Italy, in. 152.
AVESNES, town, France, in. 152.
AVESTA, sacred book of the Parsees,
xxiv. 775; xvni. 584, 653.
AVEYRON, department, France, III. 152.
AVEZZANO, town, Italy, in. 152.
AVIANUS, Latin fabulist, vin. 838.
AVICEBRON, Jewish philosopher, III.
152; n. 268; vin. 758; XXI. 426.
AVICENNA, Arabian philosopher and
physician, in. 152; n. 267; xv. 805;
XXI. 426; as writer in Persian, xvni.
656.
AVICENNIA, genus of trees, xv. 481.
AVIENUS, Rufus Festus, Latin poet, in.
155-
AVIGLIANO, town, Italy, in. 155.
AVIGNON, town, France, in. 155; xxiv.
114; seat of papal court, v. 821; xni.
476; xix. 501 ; "in time of Petrarch,
xvni. 706; bridge at, IV. 330; uni
versity, XXin. 839.
AVILA, province, Spain, in. 156; xxn.
298; town, in. 156.
, Gil Gonzalez d', Spanish writer,
in. 157.
— Y ZUNIGA, Luis d', Spanish his
torian, in. 157.
AVILES, San Nicolas de, town, Spain,
in. 157.
AVLONA, town, Albania, III. 157.
AVOCA, or Ovoca, river, Ireland, xxiv.
557-
AVOCADO OIL, xvn. 744, 747.
AVOGADRO'S LAW OF GASES, V. 465;
xvi. 611; xx. 131.
AVOIRDUPOIS, system of weights, in.
157; ii. 533; xxiv. 489.
AVOLA, town, Sicily, in. 157.
AVON, rivers, England, Scotland, France,
in. 157.
— , river, Nova Scotia, xvn. 601.
-, river, Linlithgow, Scotland, XIV.
669.
— , Lower, river, Somerset, England,
xxn. 257; xxiv. 594.
— , Southern, river, Wilts, England,
xxiv. 594.
-, Upper, or Shakespearean, river,
England, xvn. 555; xxiv. 379.
AVOSET, bird, XXII. 552.
AVRANCHES, town, France, in. 157.
AVRANCHIN, district, France, xv. 458.
AWAJI, island, Japan, xni. 569.
AWANTIBO, lemur, xiv. 443.
AXAN (Alp Arslan), Seljuk sultan, I. 598.
AXAYACATL, Mexican ruler, xvi. 210.
AXE, hand-tool, XL 437; battle-axe, n.
555-
•, river, Somerset, England, xxn. 257.
AXELHOLM (Axholm), Isle of, England,
III. 157; xiv. 653.
AXES, of crystals, xvi. 347.
AXHOLM, Isle of, England, in. 157; xiv.
653-
AXIM, river, Gold Coast, Africa, I. 421;
x. 755.
AXINITE, mineral, XVI. 411.
AXINOMANCY, ordeal, xvn. 818.
AXIOM, in philosophy, III. 158; in
geometry, x. 376.
AXIS, of a magnet, XV. 220, 238.
-, Earth's, Stability of, x. 216.
AXUM, ancient town, Abyssinia, in. 162;
i. 65; inscriptions at, vin. 613; xxi.
654.
j AXYLUS, or Axylum, district, Asia
Minor, n. 704; xvni. 852.
AYACUCHO, town, Peru, xvni. 675.
, La Paz de, town, Bolivia, xiv. 298.
AYAMONTE, town, Spain, in. 162.
AYANI, Hasani Shabistari, Persian his
torian, xvni. 657.
AYE-AYE, lemur, xiv. 443; xv. 170.
AYEN, count and dukes of, xvn. 523.
AYLESBURY, town, England, in. 162.
AYLESFORD, village, England, in. 162.
AYLMER, John, bishop of London, in.
162.
AYMARAS, South-American Indians, iv.
15; xvni. 676; religion of, xx. 364.
AYMON, Four Sons of, romance, xx.
652.
AYR, town, Scotland, in. 164.
AYRER, Jacob, German dramatist, in.
165.
AYRSHIRE, county, Scotland, in. 162;
coalfield of, vi. 53; area and population,
xxi. 528; representation, xxni. 727.
— CATTLE, i. 388.
AYTON, Sir Robert, early Scottish poet,
in. 165.
AYTOUN, William Edmonstoune, Scot
tish man of letters, in. 165.
AYUKA KHAN, Mongol chief, iv. 710;
xvi. 745.
AYUTHIA, town, Siam, xxi. 852.
AYYUBITES, Moslem dynasty, Egypt,
xvi. 588.
AZAIS, Pierre Hyacinthe, French writer,
in. 166.
AZALEA, plant, xii. 262; xx. 527.
AZAMMUR, town, Morocco, xvi. 831.
A-ZANDEY, African race, xvn. 473.
AZANIA, district, Africa, I. 432; XXIV.
739-
AZARA, Felix de, Spanish naturalist, in.
1 66.
-, Jose Nicholas d', Spanish diplo-
AxiUS, river, Macedonia, XV. 136.
AXMINSTER, town, England, in. 162;
carpets of, v. 131.
AXOLOTL, amphibian, xxn. 96.
AXONIA, morphological form, xvi. 843.
matist, in. 167.
AzcAPUZALCO, ancient Mexican town,
xvi. 209.
AZEGLIO, Marqxus d', Italian writer and
statesman, in. 167; xni. 487, 489.
AZERBIJAN, or Adarbaijan, province,
Persia, in. 167; xvni. 626.
AZEUS, or Azeis, epithet of Zeus at
Laodicea, Xiv. 293.
AZHAR, moscp.ie and college, Cairo, iv.
646; xxn. 660.
AZILA, town, Morocco, xvi. 831.
AziMGARH, district and town, India, in.
168.
AZIMUTH, denned, x. 198; in surveying,
xxn. 700, 705, 712.
COMPASS, xvi. 160.
AZINCOURT (Agincourt), Battle of
(1415), i. 282; vin. 320; ix. 549.
Aziz, province, Asiatic Turkey, xxni.
653.
A Z O — B A C
39
AZO, Italian writer on law, III. 169.
AZOFF, town, Russia, in. 169.
, Sea of, Russia, in. 169, 796.
Azoic STRATA, in geology, x. 327.
AZOLITMIN, chemical substance, XIV.
7°3-
AZORES, islands, Atlantic Ocean, in.
169, 1 8.
AzOTUS (Aslidod, q.v.\ town, Palestine,
in. 172.
AZPEITIA, town, Spain, in. 172.
AzRAK, Bahr el (Blue Nile), Africa,
xvn. 507, 508.
AZRAKI, Arab historian, xxm. 3.
AZTECS, ancient people of Mexico, in.
172; I. 695, 706; xn. 828; xvi. 206;
in Nicaragua, XVII. 479; their hiero
glyphic symbols, I. 602; their mytho
logy, xvn. 150.
AZULEJOS, Moorish wall-tiles, xvn. 36.
AZUNI, Domenico Alberto, Italian jurist,
in. 172.
AZURE, blue pigment, xix. 87.
AZURITE, mineral, xvi. 399; XV. 315.
AZYGOBRANCHIA, order of Mollusca,
xvi. 648; xxii. 187.
Azzo (Azo), Italian writer on law, in.
169.
I. -VI 1 1., princes of Este, Italy,
VIII. 558.
T) the second letter of the alphabet,
D> in. 173.
BAADER, Franz Xaver von, German
philosopher, in. 173; xxm. 247, 279.
BAAL, title of Semitic deities, in. 175;
iv. 764; xin. 402; xvi. 696; xvni.
803; XXIII. 237; human sacrifices to,
xvni. 730; worship of, in Israel, I.
421.
BAALBEC, ancient town, Syria, in. 176.
BAAL-ZEBUB, Philistine god, in. 503;
xvni. 756.
BAANES, Paulician teacher, xvni. 434.
BAARAS, fabulous herb, xv. 476.
BAB, The (Mohammed Ali), founder of
Babism, in Mohammedanism, ill. 180;
xvni. 650; xxn. 665.
BABA-DAGH, mountains, Asia Minor, n.
706; v. 254.
BABAR (Baber, q.v.), founder of the
Mogul empire, in. 179; n. 700.
BABATAG, town, Bulgaria, in. 178.
BABBA, town, Mauritania, Africa, xv.
637-
BABBAGE, Charles, English mathema
tician, in. 178; his calculating machine,
iv. 654 > logarithmic tables by, xxm.
10.
BABCOCK, Alphseus, pianoforte maker,
xix. 77.
BABEGAN (Artaxerxes I.), king of
Persia, n. 642.
BABEL, of Scripture, in. 178.
BAB-EL-MANDEB, strait, Red Sea, in.
179; xx. 316.
BABER (Zehir-ed-din Mohammed), foun- |
derof Mogul dynasty, in. 179; 11.700; '
xn.' 793, 794; xvni. 632.
BABEUF, Francois Noel, French socialist,
in. 179; ix. 609; xxn. 207.
BABHAI, the Archimandrite, Syriac
writer, xxn. 842.
— BAR NESIBHNAYE, Syriac writer,
xxn. 844.
BABHAVUTI, Hindu dramatist, vii. 397.
BABI, Mohammedan sect in Persia, in.
- 180; xvni. 650; xxn. 665.
BABIA GORA, mountain, Carpathians,
Austria, x. 25.
BABIL, part of modern Babylon, in. 183.
BABINGTON, Anthony, conspirator
against Elizabeth of England, xv. 600.
BABINGTONITE, mineral, xvi. 417.
BABIRUSSA, genus of ungulate mammals,
xxn. 774.
BABLE, Asturian dialect, n. 824; xxm.
35°-
BABOONS, genus of apes, n. 152; xv.
477-
BABOUVISM, the communism of Babeuf,
in. 180; xxn. 207.
BABRIUS, or Babrias, Greek fabulist, in.
181; vin. 838.
BABUNGERA (Niam-Niam), Central-
African race, xvn. 473.
BABUYANES, islands, Philippines, xvni.
751-
BABY (Babi), Mohammedan sect in
Persia, in. 180; xvni. 650; xxn. 665.
BABYLON, city, in. 182; as the capital
of Alexander's empire, XVIII. 583;
captivity of the Jews in, xin. 417;
under Medo-Persian rule, xvin. 566,
572; carpets of, v. 128; embroideries,
vin. 161; wall-sculptures, xvn. 34.
BABYLONIA, in. 183; chronology of, by
Berosus, III. 607; geographical extent
of, xvi. 50; contest with Israel, xin.
379; conquest of, by Cyrus, VI. 753;
Parthian kingdom of, XVin. 592 ;
coins of, xvn. 650; Jewish schools in,
XIII. 429; language of, XXI. 649;
pottery of, XIX. 604.
BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY OF THE
CHURCH, Luther's work, xv. 78.
BABYLONIAN COSMOGONIES, vi. 446.
BABYLONIAN INSCRIPTIONS, xin. 114.
BABYLONIAN NUMERALS, xvn. 625.
BABYLONIAN PHILOSOPHERS, i. 461.
BABYLONIANS, n. 698; their religion,
xx. 362; xxm. 237.
, The, Aristophanes's comedy, n.
509.
BABYLONICA, Greek novel, xx. 634.
BACASIS (Manresa), ancient town, Spain,
xv. 497.
BACCARAT, town, France, in. 194.
BACCH^E, worshippers of Bacchus, xvn.
839-
, Euripides's play, Vin. 667.
BACCHANALIA, Greek religious festivals,
vii. 247.
BACCHIAD^, ruling family in ancient
Corinth, VI. 397.
BACCHIGLIONE, river, Italy, in. 194.
BACCHUS, Roman god (the Greek
Dionysus), vn. 248; II. 103; orgies of,
xvn. 839; xxi. 137.
BACCHYLIDES, Greek poet, in. 194.
BACCIO DELLA PORTA, Italian painter,
in. 194; xx. 275.
BACH, Johann Sebastian, German
musician, in. 194; XIX. 67; character
of his music, xvn. 90.
, Karl Philip Emmanuel, German
musical composer, ill. 196; XIX. 67; as
symphonist, xvil. 96.
BACHE, Mount, California, U.S.A.
xxni. 801.
, Alexander Dallas, American physi
cist, in. 196.
BACHELOR, in. 196.
, Knight, xiv. 117.
OF ARTS, university degree, xxni.
835..
BACHIAN (Batchian), island, Indian
Archipelago, in. 197.
BACILLARIACE^E, former name of
Diatomaceoe, vn. 169.
BACILLUS, vegetable organism, XXI. 399.
ANTHRACIS, infective organism,
xvn. 59; xxi. 400; xxn. 679.
BACK, George, Arctic explorer, x. 193;
xix. 319, 320.
BACKERGUNJE (Bakarganj), district,
India, in. 247.
BACKERS, Americus, pianoforte maker,
xix. 73.
BACKGAMMON, game, in. 197.
BACKHUYSEN, Ludolf, Dutch painter,
in. 200.
BACKING, in betting, in. 619.
BACKLEYS, cattle of the Kaffres, v. 246.
BACKOVSKY, F., Bohemian writer, xxn.
153-
BACKSWORD, weapon, xxn. 801.
BACKWARDATION, Stock Exchange term,
i. 92.
BACON, Francis (Lord Verulam), lord
chancellor of England and philosopher,
111.200; vin. 344; on aeronautics, 1. 187;
on astrology, 1 1. 742; his cryptographic
system, vi. 670; his logic, xiv. 791;
his rhetoric, xx. 515; his theism,
xxni. 244; his place in English litera
ture, vin. 422.
— , John, English sculptor, in. 218;
xxi. 560.
, or Baconthorpe, John, learned
English monk, III. 222.
, Sir Nicholas, keeper of the great
seal, in. 218.
, Roger, English philosopher and
scientist, ill. 218; VIII. 409; XVI. 710;
imprisoned by Pope Nicholas IV.,
xvn. 484; on alchemy, I. 464; his
claim of power to fly, I. 186; his
magical inventions, XV. 208; on
mnemonics, xvi. 532 ; on optical glasses,
40
B A C — B A H
xxiii. 135; on the travels of Friar
William, xxi. 47.
BACONTHORPE, John, learned English
monk, in. 222.
BACSANYI, Jaiios, Hungarian poet, in.
222; xn. 377.
BACTERIA, vegetable organisms, xxi.
398 ; in animal tissues, XXII. 680 ;
their power of resisting heat, ill. 680,
688.
BACTERIUM, genus of Schizomycetes,
xxi. 399, 405.
BACTHIAN (Cachao), town, Anam, iv.
624.
BACTRA (Balkh), ancient town, Afghani
stan, in. 282; I. 243.
BACTRIA, or Bactriana, ancient country,
Asia, ill. 222; XVlll. 101; kingdom,
XViil. 587, 589, 599, 603; conquest of,
by Alexander, xv. 141; Greek colonies
in, xvni. 583; language of, XVlll. 653.
BACUP, town, England, in. 222.
BADAGAS, hill tribes, India, xvn. 509.
BADAGRY, town, West Africa, xxiv.
754-
BADAJOS, province, Spain, 111.223; VIIL
564; xxil. 298.
— , town, Spain, ill. 223; capture of
(1812), xxiv. 496.
BADAKHSHAN, country, Central Asia,
in. 223, 241; rubies of, xxi. 48.
BADALOCCHIO, Sisto (Rosa), Italian
painter, in. 224.
BADARINATH, or Badrinath, town
and temple, India, in. 229; XI. 835.
BADBURY, town, England, xxiv. 594.
BADEN, grand-duchy, Germany, in.
224.
— , town, Austria, in. 227 ; mineral
water of, xvi. 435.
, town, Switzerland, in. 227; min
eral water of, xvi. 433.
— BADEN, town, Germany, in. 226;
mineral water of, xvi. 434.
BADENOCH, Wolf of, brother of Robert
III. of Scotland, XXI. 491.
BADENWEILER, town, Baden, mineral
water of, xvi. 433.
BADGE, in heraldry, xi. 709.
BADGER, group of carnivorous mam
mals, in. 227; XV. 440; hibernation
of, XI. 788; skins of, IX. 837.
, Honey, XX. 288.
BADHYZ, district, Transcaspian Region,
Russia, xxin. 512.
BADIA Y LEBLICH, Domingo, Spanish
traveller, in. 227.
BADIUS, Jodocus or JOSSL, Belgian
printer, in. 228.
BADKU, government and town, Russia,
in. 258.
BADMWTON, game, in. 228.
BADNUR, town, India, in. 228.
BAD PYRMONT, town, Germany, xxiv.
321.
BADRINATH, town and temple, India,
in. 229; xi. 835.
BADURIA, town, India, xxin. 673.
B/EDA (Bede, g.r.), early English his
torian, in. 480.
BAELE, tribe, North Central Africa,
xxin. 334.
BAENA, town, Spain, in. 229.
, Alfonso de, Spanish writer, XXI I.
355-
BAENID^E, family of reptiles, xxin. 457.
BAER, Carl Ernst von, Russo-German
naturalist, xxiv. 807; on embryology,
vin. 165; xvi. 839; on evolution,
vin. 749,763; his law of development,
xx. 421.
BJETICA (Andalusia), ancient Roman
province, Spain, n. 10; xxil. 307.
BAEZA, town, Spain, in. 229.
BAFFIN, William, English navigator, in.
229; x. 184; his northern explorations
and discoveries, xix. 317.
BAFFIN'S BAY, North America, in.
229.
BA-FING, river, West Africa, xxi. 660.
BAFIOTE, people, West Africa, xiv. 742.
BAGAMOYO, town, East Africa, xxiv.
768.
BAGARIUS, genus of fishes, xxn. 68.
BAGATELLE, game, in. 229.
BAG AY, Nouvelles Tables Astrono-
miques by, XXIII. ir.
BAGEHOT, Walter, English economist,
xix. 396; vin. 259.
BAGGER, Carl Christian, Danish writer,
vn. 93.
BAGGESEN, Jens Emmanuel, Danish
humorist, III. 230; VII. 92.
BAGGIO, Anselmo (Pope Alexander II.),
I. 486.
BAGHDAD, province, Asiatic Turkey, in.
231; xxin. 653.
-, town, Asiatic Turkey, in. 231;
founding of, n. 259; xvi. 579; caliphs
of, I. 8; capture of, by the Mongols,
xvi. 742; conquest of, by the Turks,
xxin. 645; observatory, xvn. 709;
school of philosophy, n. 267.
BAGHERMI, or Bagirmi, district, Central
Africa, in. 234; i. 271; xxn. 279;
group of Negroes, xvil. 319.
BAGHMATI, or Bagmati, river, India,
in. 235; xvn. 340.
BAGHTCHASARAI, town, Russia, in. 249;
vi. 586.
BAGIMOND'S ROLL, Scotland, i. 491.
BAGIRMI, district, Central Africa, in.
234; i. 271; xxn. 279; group of
Negroes, xvn. 319.
BAGLEY, Thomas, Lollard preacher, xiv.
812.
BAGLIONI, Gian Paolo and Rodolfo,
tyrants of Perugia, xvni. 680.
BAGLIVI, Giorgio, Italian physician, in.
235-
BAGMATI (Baghmati), river, Nepal, in.
235; xvn. 340.
BAGNACAVALLO, Bartolommco, Italian
painter, in. 235.
BAGNERES-DE-BIGORRE, town, France,
in. 235; xx. 127; mineral waters of,
xvi. 433.
BAGNERES-DE-LUCHON, town, France,
in. 235.
BAGNI, Casciano dei, town, Italy, v.
175-
DI LUCCA, commune, Italy, xv. 39.
BAGNOLES, mineral spring, France,
XVIII. I.
BAGNYON. Jean, French romancist, xx
650.
BAGOAS, Persian satrap, xvni. 581.
BAGPIPE, musical instrument, in. 235.
BAGRADAS (Mejerda), river, North
Africa, xxin. 619.
BAGRAT I. -IV., rulers of Georgia, x.
432.
BAGRATION, Prince Peter, Russian
general, in. 235; xvn. 217.
BAGRU, river, Sierra Leone, Africa, xxn.
45-
BAGRUS, genus of fishes, xxn. 68.
BAGURA (Bogra), district, India, in.
859.
BAHADUR, Sir Jung, ruler of Nepal,
xvn. 344.
BAHALUL, jester of Haroun al Raschid,
ix. 366.
BAHAMAS, islands, West Indies, in. 236;
xxiv. 510.
BAHARA SAPHINQUE, sulphur mine, on
Red Sea, xxn. 634.
BAHA-UDDIN WALAD, Persian doctor,
xxi. 59.
BAHIA, province and town, Brazil, in.
239-
BAHIR, Midrash, xvi. 287.
BAHIUDA, desert, Nubia, Africa, xvn.
610.
BAH RAICH, district and town, India,
xvni. 72.
BAHR AL-ABIAD (White Nile), river,
Africa, I. 48; 1 1. 62; xvn. 506, 508.
BAHR AL-ASWAD, or Atbara, tributary of
the Nile, Africa, n. 62, 827; xvn.
507, 508.
BAHR AL-AZRAK (Blue Nile), river,
Africa, II. 62; xvn. 507.
BAHR AL-GHAZAL, tributary of the
Nile, Africa, xvn. 506.
BAHR AL-JEBEL, headwaters of the
Nile, Africa, xvn. 505, 507.
BAHR AL-ZERAF, branch of the Nile,
Africa, xvn. 506.
BAHRAM I. -I I., kings of Persia, xvni.
608.
- III., of Persia, xvni. 609.
- IV.-V., of Persia, xvni. 610.
— CnOBIN, Persian general, xvni.
613-
- KHAN, Turkoman noble, I. 434.
BAHRDT, Karl Friedrich, German theo
logian, in. 240.
BAHREIN, island, Persian Gulf, in. 240;
n. 254; pearl fisheries of, xvni. 447.
BAHR EL-ASWAD. See Bahr al-Aswad.
B A H — B A L
41
BAHREYN (Bahrein, q.v.), island, Persian
Gulf, in. 240; n. 254.
BAHRIYA, oasis, Africa, xvn. 695.
BAHR-YOOSUF, canal, Egypt, vn. 710.
BAI^E, ancient town, Italy, ill. 240; II.
221; bay of, XVii. 1 88.
BAIBURT, town, Asiatic Turkey, in.
240.
BAIERN (Bavaria, q.v.), in. 453.
BAIE ST PAUL, town, Canada, xx.
167.
BAIF, Jean Antoine cle, French poet,
Hi. 240; IX. 650; xx. 841.
BAIKAL, Lake, Siberia, in. 241; xiv.
217; xxii. 5; xxiii. 510.
BAIKALITE, mineral, xvi. 416.
BAIKIE, William Balfour, African ex
plorer, in. 241.
BAIL, in law, in. 241.
BAILEN, or Baylen, town, Spain, in.
241.
BAILEY, in architecture, II. 460.
, or Baily, Nathanael, English lexi
cographer, in. 241.
-, Samuel, English philosopher, in.
241.
BAILIE, Captain, Erskine's defence of,
vin. 530.
BAILIFF, ancient magistrate, iv. 62.
BAILLET, Adrien, French writer, in.
242.
BAILLEUL, town, France, in. 242; xvn.
535-
BAILLIE, Joanna, English writer, in.
243-
, Matthew, anatomist and physician,
in. 243; XV. 813.
— , Robert, Scottish Presbyterian
divine, in. 243.
BAILLY, Jean Sylvain, French astro
nomer and Revolutionist, in. 244.
BAILMENTS, in law, vn. 239.
BAILY, Edward Hodges, English sculp
tor, in. 245; xxi. 561.
, Francis, English astronomer, in.
245- T
, Nathanael, English lexicographer,
in. 241.
BAIN, Alexander, on the beautiful, I.
223; on education, vn. 678; on emo
tional expression, xx. 43; on psycho
logy of belief, in. 534.
BAINBRIDGE, John, English physician
and astronomer, in. 245.
BAINES, Edward, English journalist, in
245.
, Matthew Talbot, English lawyer,
in. 245.
BAINI, Giuseppe, Italian musician, in.
246.
BAINSHA, tame buffalo, iv. 442.
BAIRAKTAR, Turkish vizier, xxm.
648.
BAIRAM, Turkish festival, in. 246.
ALI, town, Merv, Asia, xvi. 43.
BAIRAMITCH, Plain of, Asia Minor,
xxm. 578.
BAIRD, Sir David, British general, in.
246.
, Spencer F., on North American
birds, xvin. 16; on American fisheries,
ix. 267.
BAIREUTH, or Bayreuth, town, Bavaria,
in. 246; Wagner's opera-house at,
xxiv. 316.
BAIRUT (Beyrout, q.v.), town, Syria, in.
622.
BAISA BOL, gum resin, xvn. 121.
BAISI, district, Nepal, xvn. 340.
BAISUN, town, Hissar, Central Asia,
xn. 3.
BAIT, in angling, II. 35; mussels as,
xvn. no.
BAITARANI, river, India, v. 243.
BAITOOL, or Betul, district, India, in.
619.
BAIZE, coarse woollen stuff, IX. 292.
BAJA, town, Hungary, in. 246.
— , town, Tunis, xxm. 620.
BAJAZET, or Bayezid, I., Turkish sultan,
in. 247; xxm. 641.
— II., Turkish sultan, ill. 247; XXI 1 1.
642.
, Racine's drama, xx. 207.
BAJAZID, town, Armenia, in. 458.
BAJREE, Egyptian millet, xvi. 321.
BAJUS, Michael (De Bay), Belgian
theologian, in. 247.
BAJZA, Joseph, Hungarian poet, in. 247;
xn. 378.
BAKARGANJ, district, India, in. 247.
BAKEL, town, Senegal, Africa, xxi.
660.
BAKER, Henry, English physicist, in.
249.
— , J. G., on the varieties of the
potato, xix. 595.
— , Sir Richard, English chronicler,
in. 249.
-, Sir Samuel, his Egyptian expedi
tion, I. 248; his Nile explorations,
xvn. 506.
— , Thomas, English antiquary, in.
249.
-, Mount, Cascade Mountains, U.S.A.,
xxm. 800.
BAKERIES, Public, in Rome, in. 250.
BAKEWELL, town, England, in. 249.
— , Robert, English agriculturist, I.
302.
BAKHCHISARAI, or Baghtchasarai, town,
Russia, in. 249; vi. 586.
BAKHMUT, town, Russia, in. 250.
BA-KHOY, river, Senegal, West Africa,
xxi. 660.
BAKI, Ottoman elegiac poet, xxm.
656.
BAKING, in. 250; of meat, vi. 332.
BAKU, government and town, Russia, j
in. 258; xxi. 69; xxm. 513, 514.
BAKUNIN, Michael, Russian socialist,
xin. 190; xxii. 216.
BAKYR TCHAI, river, Asia Minor, n.
708.
BALA, town, Wales, in. 258; lake, xvi.
39-
BALAAM, of Scripture, in. 258.
BALACLAVA, harbour, Crimea, Russia,
vi. 587.
BALADHORI, Moslem historian, xvi.
596.
BALTENA, genus of cetacean mammals,
xxiv. 523; xv. 395.
BAL^NICEPS, genus of birds, xxn.
577-
BAL^ENOIDEA, suborder of Cetacea, xv.
394-
BAL/ENOPTERA, genus of cetacean
mammals, xxiv. 524; xv. 395.
BAL^EUS, of Aleppo, Syriac writer,
xxn. 828.
BALAFRF, (Francis of Guise), French
soldier, XI. 266.
BALAGHAT, district, Central India, in.
260.
, The, tracts of hill country, India,
v. 608; xxi. 210.
BALAI (Balaeus), Syriac writer, xxn.
828.
BALAMIR, leader of the Huns, xn. 381.
BALANCE, measuring apparatus, in.
261; automatic, xvi. 490; spring,
invention of, xn. 149.
— , Compensation, for watch, xxiv.
395-
OF POWER, in. 267.
BALANCING LETTER, The, Somers's
pamphlet, xxii. 257.
BALANID^, suborder of Crustacea, vi.
651, 665.
BALANINUS, genus of insects, xxiv. 477.
BALANOGLOSSUS, species of worms,
xxiv. 179, 187.
BALANOPHORACE^E, parasitic plants,
xvin. 266.
BALANTES, people, Senegambia, xxi.
662.
BALANTIUM, genus of tree-ferns, xxm.
534-
BALARUC, France, mineral water of,
xvi. 434.
BALAS, Alexander, Syrian ruler, I. 846;
xin. 422.
BALASH, king of Persia, xvin. 611.
BALASHOFF, town, Russia, xxi. 305.
BALASOR, district, India, in. 272; town,
in. 273; xvn. 845.
BALAS RUBY, xxi. 48.
BALASSA-GYARMAT, town, Hungary, XL
346.
BALATA GUM, substitute for gutta
percha, XI. 339.
BALATON, Lake, Hungary, in. 171; xn.
362.
BALBI, Adrian, Italian geographer, in.
273-
BALBIN, Aloys B., Bohemian Jesuit his
torian, xxn. 152.
BALBO, Cesare, Italian writer and states
man, in. 273; xin. 487, 516.
BALBOA, Vasco Nunez de, Spanish navi-
XXV. — 6
42
B A L — B A L
gator and explorer, in. 273; xvm.
115; discovers Pacific Ocean, x. 182.
BALBRIGGAN, town, Ireland, in. 274.
BALBULUS, Notker, musical composer,
xvii. 597.
BALDACHIN, canopy, n. 462; xxni. 723.
BALDASARRE D' ANNA, Venetian
painter, II. 60.
BALDE, Jakob, modern Latin poet, in.
274.
BALD EAGLE, bird, vn. 590.
BALDER, Norse divinity, in. 275; I. 210;
xvn. 156.
, Dobell's poem, vn. 307.
BALDI, Bernardino, Italian mathe-
matican, in. 274.
BALDINGER, Ernest Gottfried, German
physician, ill. 275.
BALDINI, Baccio, Italian engraver, vni.
441.
BALDINUCCI, Filippo, Italian writer,
in. 275.
BALDNESS, skin affection, xxn. 121.
BALDOON CASTLE, Wigtown, Scotland,
xxiv. 563.
BALDOVINETTI, Alessio, Italian painter,
in. 275.
BALD PEAK, mountain, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., xxin. 792.
BALDUCCIO Di PISA, Italian sculptor,
xix. 122; xxi. 568.
BALDUINUS, Jacobus, Italian jurist, in.
275.
BALDUNG, Hans (Griin), German
painter, XI. 224.
BALDUR, or Balder, Norse divinity, in.
275; I. 210; xvn. 156.
BALDUS, Italian jurist, in. 276.
BALDWIN, Byzantine emperor (IX. of
Flanders), VI. 629.
I.-IX., counts of Flanders, ix. 290,
291.
I.-V., kings of Jerusalem, vi. 627;
xxni. 161.
— I., of Jerusalem, vi. 627; ix. 538.
, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury,
in. 276.
BALDY, mountain, New Mexico, U.S.A.,
xvn. 399.
BALE (Basel, q.v.), canton and town,
Switzerland, in. 408.
BALE, John, bishop of Ossory, in. 276;
Xlll. 263.
BALEARIC ISLANDS, Spain, in. 276;
xv. 820; xxn. 298; pottery of, xix.
623; their historical connexion with
Spain, XXIL 323.
BALEARICUS, Metellus, colonizer of
Majorca, xvm. 191.
BALEEN, whalebone, xv. 394; xxiv.
523, 528.
BALES, Peter, shorthand writer, in.
279; xxi. 836.
BALFE, Michael William, musical com
poser, in. 279.
BALFOUR, Arthur J., on philosophic
doubt, xxi. 383.
BALFOUR, Francis M., 011 embryology,
xx. 418; vni. 169.
, Sir James, Scottish antiquary,
in. 280.
— , Sir James, Scottish judge, ill. 280.
— , Robert, Scottish scholar, in. 280;
xxi. 543.
BALFROOSH, town, Persia, in. 280.
BALGUY; John, English moralist, in.
280.
BALI, island, Indian Archipelago, in.
281; birds of, ill. 764.
BALIA, magistracy of Florence and
Siena, xv. 785; xxn. 41.
BALIER, Heinrich der, German sculptor,
xxi. 565.
BALIOL, Edward, claimant of the
Scottish throne, vni. 318; xxi. 489.
— , John, king of Scotland, vill. 312;
xx. 592; xxi. 486.
-, or Balliol, Sir John de, English
baron, in. 282.
BALISTES, genus of fishes, ix. 161.
BALKAN MOUNTAINS, Turkey, in. 282.
BALKANS, Great and Little, mountains,
Transcaspian Region, Russia, xxni.
511.
BALKASH, Lake, Central Asia, xiv. 217;
xxi. 640.
BALKH, river and province, Afghani
stan, I. 242, 243; town, in. 282.
BALKIZ, town, Asia Minor, vi. 753.
BALL, John, English Puritan divine, in.
282.
BALLADES, Early French, ix. 644.
BALLAD OPERAS, English, xvn. 99.
BALLADS, in. 283, 288; of romance
literature, xx. 632; Servian,' xxi. 690.
BALLALAS, dynasty of Mysore, India,
xvn. 123.
BALLANCHE, Pierre Simon, French
moralist, in. 285.
BALLANTYNE, John and James, Scottish
printers, their relations with Scott,
xxi. 548.
BALLARAT, town, Australia, in. 286.
BALLARI (Bellary), district and town,
India, ill. 286.
BALLATER, village, Scotland, in. 287.
BALLENSTEDT, town, Germany, in. 287.
BALLENY ISLAND, South Polar regions,
xix. 330.
BALLET, theatrical representation, in.
288; VI. 800; of action, xvm. 215.
•, variety of song, xvn.
BALLEY, mountain, California, U.S.A.,
xxni. 801.
BALL-FLOWER, in architecture, n. 460.
BALLINA, town, Ireland, in. 288; xxn.
159.
BALLINASLOE, town, Ireland, in. 288;
x. 56.
BALLINROBE, town, Ireland, xv. 650.'
BALLIOL, Sir John de, English baron,
in. 282.
COLLEGE, Oxford, xvin. 96.
BALLISTICS, theory of gunnery, XI. 297.
BALLONS, rounded summits in Vosges
Mountains, France, xxiv. 298.
BALLOON, i. 187; electric motors for,
xxni. 496.
— POST, xix. 581.
BALLOT, system of voting, in. 288.
BALLOT'S LAW OF THE WINDS, xvi.
147.
BALLOT Y TORRES, Joseph Pau, Spanish
writer, xxn. 364.
BALLOU, Hosea, American Univcrsalist,
xxni. 831.
BALLSPIEL, German tennis, xxni. 179.
BALLYBLAY, town, Ireland, xvi. 718.
BALLYCASTLE, town, Ireland, in. 292.
BALLYMENA, toAvn, Ireland, in. 292.
BALLYMORE, fort, Westnieath, Ireland,
xxiv. 513.
BALLYMOTE, town, Ireland, xxn. 159.
-, Book of, Irish MS., v. 306.
BALLYSADARE, river, Ireland, xxn.
159.
BALLYSHANNON, town, Ireland, in.
292; vn. 362.
BALM, perennial herb, xn. 289.
BALMER, E. J., his law in spectroscopy,
xxn. 379.
BALMERINO, Lord, Scottish Jacobite,
trial of, xxi. 511.
BALMEZ, or Balmes, Jaime Lucien,
Spanish writer, ill. 292; xxn. 362.
BALM OF GILEAD, oleo-resin, in. 293;
used as incense, xii. 718.
BALMORAL CASTLE, Aberdeenshire,
Scotland, in. 292.
BALNAVES, Henry, Scottish Protestant,
in. 292; xiv. 130.
BALNE/E, Roman baths, in. 434.
BALNEUM MARI/E, process in alchemy,
i. 462.
BALQUHIDDER, district, Scotland, xvin.
667.
BALSAM, oleo-resin, in. 292; n. 237;
xx. 474; used as incense, xii. 718.
- BOG, vegetable production, Falk
land Islands, ix. 15.
— FIR, American tree, xxni. 809.
MOUNTAIN, Virginia, U.S.A., xxni.
794-
BALSAMO, Joseph (Count Cagliostro), ad
venturer, iv. 641.
BALSAMODENDRON, genus of trees, in.
293; xvii. 121.
BALSAR, town, India, xxn. 667.
BALTA, town, Russia, in. 293; xix.
254.
BALTAJI MUHAMMED, Turkish vizier,
XXIII. 646.
BALTARD, Louis Pierre, French engraver,
in. 293.
BALTI, district, Tibet, xiv. 198.
BALTIC LANGUAGES, xvin. 785.
BALTIC SEA, in. 293; x. 447; xxn.
737; amber deposits of, I. 659.
BALTIMORE, town, Maryland, U.S.A.,
in. 298; xv. 603; xxni. 822; libraries,
xiv. 550; newspapers, xvn. 434.
B A L — B A P
43
BALTIMORE, Lord, governor of New
foundland, iv. 713; xvn. 385; his
settlement of Maryland, XV. 605; his
relations with Penn, xviil. 495.
BALTIMORITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
BALUCHES, race of people, Asia, I. 235;
in. 303.
BALUCHISTAN, country, Asia, in. 299.
BALUE, Jean, French cardinal, ill. 303.
BALUSAN, volcano, Philippines, xvm.
749-
BALUZE, Etienne, French scholar, in.
3°4-
BALZAC, Honore de, French novelist,
in. 304; IX. 679.
, Jean Louis Guez de. French writer,
in. 305; IX. 659.
BAM, town, Persia, xvill. 627, 628.
BAMBA, province of Congo, Africa, in.
3°5-
, town, Niger, Africa, xvil. 500.
BAMBARA, people, Senegambia, xxi.
662.
BAMBARRA, country and town, Soudan,
Africa, ill. 305; I. 271; xxil. 279.
BAMBERG, town, Bavaria, in. 305;
sculptures in cathedral, XXI. 564; uni
versity, xxin. 846.
BAMBOROUGH, village, England, in.
306.
BAMBOO, plant, in. 305; XL 54; its use
in wicker-work, in. 423.
BAMBOUK, country, West Africa, in.
306.
B AMI AN, ancient town, Afghanistan, in.
307; caves of, I. 244.
BAM-I-DUNIA, plateau, Central Asia,
XVIII. 102.
BAMLITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
BAMPTON, John, English divine, founder
of Bampton Lectures, III. 307.
BAMPUR, town, Persia, xviu. 627.
BANANA, plant and fruit, in. 307; xix.
176; introduction of, into Polynesia,
xix. 419.
, town, Loango, Africa, xiv. 743.
BANAS, river, Rajputana, India, xx.
260; XXIL 98.
BANASA, town, Mauretania, Africa, xv.
637.
BAN AT, district, Hungary, in. 308; xvi.
295.
BANAZ OVA, plateau, Asia Minor, XVIIL
853.
BANBRIDGE, town, Ireland, in. 308.
BANBURY, town, England, in. 308.
BANCA, island, Indian Archipelago, ill.
308; birds of, ill. 763; tin, xvi. 469.
BANCROFT, George, American historian,
I. 723.
, Richard, archbishop of Canterbury,
in. 308.
BAND, in architecture, II. 460.
BANDA, district, India, ill. 309.
ISLANDS, Indian Archipelago, in.
309; nutmegs of, xvn. 666.
BAND AMIR, river, Persia, xxi. 829.
BANDA NIAM-NIAM, Central African
tribes, xvn. 473.
BANDA ORIENTAL (Uruguay), country,
South America, xxiv. 14 ; invasion
of, by Brazil, n. 491.
BANDAR-ABBAS (Bender Abbasi), town,
Persia, ill. 557; xvm. 620, 627.
BANDELLO, Matteo, Italian novelist,
in. 310; xni. 510.
BANDE NERE, Giovanni delle (Medici),
xv. 787.
BANDERESI, mediaeval Roman officials,
xx. 802.
BANDICOOT, marsupial mammal, Aus
tralia, in. in; xv. 381.
— , Great, rodent mammal, India, XI I.
743; xvn. 5.
BANDINELLI, Bartolommeo, Italian
sculptor, in. 310.
BANDINI, Angelo Maria, Italian writer,
in. 310.
— , Salustio Antonio, Italian economist,
xix. 362; xxn. 43.
BAND OF HOPE SOCIETIES (Temper
ance), xxin. 159.
BANDOL, town, France, xxiv. 69.
BANDON, town, Ireland, ill. 311; river,
vi 403.
BANDRA, town, India, xxin. 221.
BANDUNG, town, Java, xni. 606.
BANFF, town, Scotland, in. 311.
BANFFSHIRE, county, Scotland, in. 311;
area and population, xxi. 528; repre
sentation, xxin. 727.
BANG, Stephensen, Norse writer, xvn.
589.
BANGALORE, town, India, in. 313;
xvn. 123.
BANGKA (Banca, q.v.), island, Indian
Archipelago, ill. 308.
BANGKALANG, town, Madura, Indian
Archipelago, XV. 193.
BANGKOK, town, Siam, in. 313; xxi.
852.
BANGOR, town, Ireland, in. 314.
, town, Maine, U.S.A., in. 314.
, town, Wales, in. 314; University
College at, xxin. 856.
BANGORIAN CONTROVERSY, vi. 328;
xn. 29.
BANGWEOLO, Lake, Central Africa, i.
248; xxiv. 763; discovery of, by
Livingstone, xiv. 722.
BANIALUKA, town, Turkey, in. 314.
BANIANA (Baena), ancient town, Spain,
in. 229.
BANIER, Abbe, on mythology, xvn. 137.
BANIM, John and Michael, Irish novelists,
in. 314.
BANJARMASSIN, district and town,
Borneo, in. 315; river, IV. 56.
BANK AND BANKING, in. 315.
BANKA (Banca, q.v.), island, Indian
Archipelago, in. 308.
BANK CLEARING HOUSE, London, i. 91.
BANKEN VELD, district of Transvaal,
South Africa, xxin. 518.
BANKING, in. 315; communistic views
of, vi. 214; in U"nited States, xxin.
766, 776.
BANKIVA JUNGLE FOWL, xix. 644.
BANK OF ENGLAND, in. 316, 329;
founding of, xi. 386; XVin. 359; its
relations with the Mint, XVI. 485.
BANK OF FRANCE, origin of, xiv. 367.
BANKRUPTCY, in law, in. 341.
BANKS, of Newfoundland, xvn. 382.
— , Sir Joseph, president of the Royal
Society, in. 345; xxi. 39; his patron
age of Robert Brown, IV. 386.
— , Savings, xxi. 327.
— ISLANDS, Melanesia, Pacific Ocean,
xv. 835; xvn. 396.
OF ISSUE, in. 315.
BANKURA, district and town, India, in.
346.
BANMO (Bhamo), town, Burmah, in.
627.
BANN, river, Ireland, in. 346.
BANNACKS, American Indians, xn. 832.
BANNATYNE, George, early Scottish
writer, xxi. 542.
BANNER, of knight, xiv. 117; military,
ix. 276.
BANNERET, Knight, grade of knighthood,
in. 346; xiv. 117, 119.
BANNOCKBURN, town, Scotland, in.
347; xxn. 554; battle of (1314), vn.
683; viii. 313; xx. 594; xxi. 488.
BANNOVALLUM (Horncastle), Roman
fort, Lincolnshire, England, XII. 170.
BANNS, Marriage, xv. 566.
BANNU, district, India, xx. 109.
BANQUETERS, The, comedy of Aristo
phanes, n. 509.
BANQUETS, sacrificial, xxi. 134.
BANQUETTE, in fortification, ix. 421.
BANSHEE, of fairy mythology, v. 300.
BANSWARA, tributary state, India, in.
347; xx. 260.
BANTAM, residency, Java, xni. 605;
town, in. 347.
- FOWLS, poultry, xix. 646.
BANTING, William, on corpulence, vi.
436.
BANTRY, town, Ireland, in. 347.
BANTU, groups of Negroes, xn. 312;
xvn. 319; xxn. 729; languages, xni.
820; xvn. 318; xvin. 780; xxn. 729;
xxiv. 827.
BANU, district, India, in. 347.
— NADIR, Jewish family in Medina,
xvi. 556.
BANVILLE, Theodore de, French critic,
xiv. 206.
BANYAK ISLANDS, Sumatra, xxn. 639.
BANYAN, tree, in. 348; iv. 94.
BANYANS, race, Mozambique, xvn. 7.
BANYUMAS, town, Java, xni. 606.
BANYUWANGI, town, Java, xni. 606.
BAOBAB, tree, i. 268; ix. 408; xxi. 662;
xxn. 278.
BAPHOMET, alleged symbol of Knights
Templars, in. 348.
44
B A P — B A R
BAPTISM, Christian sacrament, in. 348;
XXI. 131, 139; Luther's views on, xv.
78; St Paul's doctrine, xvm. 428;
Quaker doctrine, XX. 150; registra
tion of, XX. 343; sponsors at, XXII.
429.
BAPTIST, John the, xiu. 709.
BAPTISTERY, chapel for baptism, in.
352; IX. 361; in the Catacombs, v.
211.
BAPTISTS, religious denomination, ill.
353-
, Freewill, in America, IX. 762.
BAQUEROS, nomadic clan, Asturias, II.
824.
BAR, at mouth of a river, x. 277; xx.
575-
— , town, Eussian Poland, in. 356;
confederation of (1768), xix. 297.
— , The legal, Costumes of, vi. 476.
BARA, tribe, Madagascar, xv. 171.
BARABA, steppe, Siberia, xxm. 429.
BARA BANKI, district, India, in. 357.
BARABA TARTARS, Ural-Altaic tribe,
xxm. 70.
BARA-BUDUR, Temple of, Java, xm.
609.
BARADA, river, Damascus, vi. 790.
BARAD^EUS, Jacobus, Syrian monk,
founder of the Jacobite sect, vi. 354 ;
xm. 539; xxn. 832.
BARADLA, stalactite grotto, Hungary, i.
420.
BARAHAT, town, India, in. 357.
BARAK, river, India, xv. 489.
BARAKHATTA, town, India, xx. 272.
BARAKISH, Minsean town, Arabia, xxiv.
740.
BAR ALI, Syriac lexicographer, xxn.
847.
BARAMAHAL, tract in Salem district,
India, xxi. 210.
BARAMGALI, fort, Kashmir, xiv. 11.
BARAMINDANA, prince of Mandingo,
Africa, xv. 475.
BARANGAR, town, India, xxm. 673.
BARANTE, Amable G. P., French states
man and historian, in. 357.
BARANYA, province, Hungary, in. 357.
BARANZANO, Jean Antoine, Italian
scientist, Hi. 358.
BARASAT, town, India, in. 358; xxm.
673-
BARAT, Tibetan festive exhibition, xiv.
501.
BARATIERE, John Philip, precocious
scholar, in. 358.
BARATYNSKI, Jewgenij Abramovitch,
Russian poet, in. 358.
BARBA, district, Central Africa, IV. 54.
BARBACENA, town, Brazil, in. 358.
BARBADOS, island, West Indies, in. 358;
xxiv. 510.
LEG, or Elephantiasis, disease, vin.
126.
BAR BAHLUL, Syriac lexicographer,
xxn. 849.
BARBARELLA, Giorgio (Giorgione),
Italian painter, x. 607.
BARBARIAN, origin of the name, in.
463-
— LAWS, Teutonic codes, xxi. 212.
BARBARO, Venetian envoy to Persia,
xvin. 633.
BARBAROSSA, Aruch and Khair ed-Din,
Turkish corsairs, in. 362; I. 565; xxi.
621, 643.
(Frederick I.), emperor, IX. 729; x.
489; xni. 374; his struggle with
Adrian IV., I. 165; his homage to
Alexander III., I. 487; in Italy, XIII.
472; his patronage of Bologna uni
versity, xxm. 833.
BARBARY, country, North Africa, in.
363; I. 265.
BARBASTELLE BAT, xv. 410.
BARBASTRO, town, Spain, in. 363.
BARBAULD, Anna Letitia, English
writer, in. 363.
BARBEL, fish, xn. 692; angling for, n.
42; Indian, xv. 285.
BARBER, in. 363.
BARBERI, races of riderless horses, at
Rome, v. 124.
, Philip de, inquisitor, xni. 93.
BARBERINI, Italian family, in. 363.
— , Maffeo (Pope Urban VIII.), in.
363; xxiv. 9.
BARBERINO, Francesco da, Italian writer,
xni. 501.
BARBER OF SEVILLE, Rossini's opera,
xx. 86r.
BARBERTON, town, Transvaal, Africa,
xxm. 518.
BARBET, bird, xx. 101.
BARBETS (Camisards), Huguenot sect,
iv. 743-
BARBETTE, in fortification, ix. 432.
WAR-SHIPS, xvn. 286.
BARBEYRAC, Jean, French jurist, in.
363-
BARBIERE DI SIVIGLIA, Rossini's opera,
xx. 861.
BARBIERI, Giovanni Francesco (Guer-
cino), Italian painter, in. 364.
, Paolo Antonio, Italian painter, in.
364-
BARBO, Pietro (Pope Paul II.), xvin.
43°-
BARBOSA DU BOCAGE, Portuguese poet,
xix. 557.
B ARBOUR, John, Scottish poet, in. 364;
vin. 395.
BARBUDA, island, West Indies, in.
366.
BARCA (El-Medinah), ancient town,
Cyrenaica, North Africa, in. 366.
, district, North Africa, III. 366;
xxm. 574.
BARCELONA, province, Spain, xxn. 298.
, town, Spain, ill. 366; XXII. 298;
libraries of , xiv. 549; siege of (1705),
xvin. 701.
, County of, Spain, xxn. 311.
BARCHESTER TOWERS, Anthony Trol-
lope's novel, XXIII. 585.
BARCLAY, Alexander, English poet, in.
368; xvin. 345.
— , David, Scottish Quaker, XX. 152.
— , John, author of Argenis, ill. 369.
, John, founder of a Scottish sect,
in. 369.
— , John, Scottish anatomist, in. 369.
, J. G., his observatory at Leyton,
Essex, England, xvii. 711.
— , Robert, Scottish Quaker and writer,
in. 369; xvin. 496; xx. 148.
— , William, Scottish jurist, in. 370;
xxi. 543.
DE TOLLY, Michael, Russian
general, in. 370; xvn. 217.
BAR-COCHEBAS, Jewish leader, in. 370;
xni. 428.
BARD, ancient Celtic poet, in. 370; v.
318. See Bards.
BARDANES, Byzantine general, xvn.
481.
- PHILIPPICUS, emperor of the East,
xni. 798; xvin. 748.
BARD AS, Crcsar, regent of Constantinople,
xvin. 819.
BAR-DEISAN (Bardesanes), Gnostic and
Syriac writer, ill. 370; x. 703; xxn.
827; xxiv. 38.
BARDEN TOWER, Yorkshire, England,
xxiv. 749.
BARDESANES, Gnostic and Syriac writer,
in. 370; x. 703; xxn. 827; his rela
tions to Valentinianism, xxiv. 38.
BARDIA, island, Malay Peninsula, xv.
321.
BARDIGLIO, kind of Italian marble, xv.
528.
BARDILI, Christoph Gottfried, German
metaphysician, in. 371.
BARDO, town, Tunis, xxm. 622.
BARDS, in. 370; early British, n. 650;
early Irish, XIII. 250; Welsh, V. 318;
vn. 791.
BARDSEY, island, Wales, in. 371.
BARDULUM (Barletta), ancient town,
Italy, in. 376.
BARDWAN, district and town, India, in.
371-
BARDYLIS, Illyrian chief, xn. 709.
BAREGES, town, France, in. 372;
mineral water of, XVI. 435.
BAREILLY, district and town, India, in.
372-
BARELI, or Bareilly, district and town,
India, III. 372.
BARENTS, William, Dutch navigator,
x. 184; xix. 317.
LAND, island, Spitzbergen, xxn.
408.
SEA, Arctic Ocean, xvn. 592,
604.
BARERE DE VIEUZAC, Bertram!,
French Revolutionist, III. 373.
BARETTI, Giuseppe, Italian critic, in.
374; xni. 512.
B A 11 — B A E
45
BARETTIER (Baratiere), John Philip,
precocious scholar, ill. 358.
BARFF, John, on wool, i. 398.
BARFLEUR, town, France, in. 374.
BARFURUSH, or Balfroosh, town, Persia,
in. 280.
BARGAGLI, Scipione, Sienese writer,
xxn. 43.
BARGE, boat, xxi. 30.
BOARD, in architecture, II. 475.
BARGES, lighthouse, Sables d'Olonne,
France, xxi. 129.
BARGUERLAC, bird, xxi. 259.
BARGUZIN, river, Transbaikalia, Russia,
xxiii. 510; town, xxni. 51 1 ; moun
tains, xxn. 3; xxiii. 509.
BARH, town, India, xvm. 409.
BARHAM, Richard Harris, English
humorist, III. 374.
BAR-HEBRTEUS (Abulfaragius), Syriac
and Arabic writer, I. 60; XXII. 853;
xxiii. 5.
BARI, Mola di, town, Italy, xvi. 608.
, Terra di, province and town,
Italy, in. 374.
BARI DOAB, tract, Punjab, India, xx.
107.
BAR-IDTA, Syriac writer, xxn. 838.
BARINAS, town, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
BARISAL, town, India, in. 248.
BARISAN MOUNTAINS, Sumatra, xxn.
638.
BARISANOS, Italian metal-worker, xvi.
760.
BARITO, river, Borneo, iv. 56.
BARIUM, chemical element, v. 525.
(Bari), ancient town, Italy, in. 375.
BARK, of trees, IV. 101; used in tanning,
xiv. 381.
BARKAYA, Simeon, Syriac writer, xxn.
838.
BARKER, Robert, inventor of panoramas,
xvni. 214.
, Thomas, English writer on angling,
xxiv. 342.
BARKHANS, sand-dunes, Syr-Daria,
Asia, xxn. 820.
BARKING, town, England, in. 375.
BARKIYAROK, Seljuk ruler, xxi. 635.
BARKOMETER, hydrometer for tan
liquors, XIV. 383.
BARLAAM, monk, condemns Hesychasm
in Greek Church, XI. 782.
AND JOSAPHAT, Sts, Story of, in.
375; xx. 636.
BAR-LE-DUC, town, France, in. 356.
BARLETTA, town, Italy, in. 376.
BARLEY, cereal plant, in. 376; use of, in
brewing, iv. 266; culture of, I. 358;
experiments in manuring, XV. 507.
SUGAR, confection, vi. 257.
BAR-LINES, in music, xvn. 82.
BARLINGS OXNEY, abbey, Lincolnshire,
England, xiv. 656.
BARLOW, Sir George, governor-general
of India, xn. 805.
, Joel, American poet, in. 377.
BARLOW, Peter, English mathematician,
in. 377; on magnetic induction, xv.
250.
BARM, yeast, xxiv. 734.
BARMAK, founder of the Barmecides, in.
377-
BARMECIDES, Persian family, in. 377;
xvi. 581.
BARMEN, town, Rhenish Prussia, in.
377; xx. 16.
BARMOUTH, town, Wales, xvi. 39.
BARNABAS, St Paul's companion, in.
377; xvni. 417.
, Epistle of, early Christian work, n.
197; its relation to the Gospels, x.
815.
BARNABITE MONKS, xvi. 711.
BARNABY RUDGE, Dickens's novel, vn.
176.
BARNACLES, their distribution, vn. 279.
BARNARD, Henry, American educa
tionist, vn. 679.
CASTLE, town, England, in. 378.
BARNAUL, town, Siberia, 111.378; xxn.
ii ; xxni. 439.
BARNAVE, Antoine Pierre, French
orator, ill. 378.
BARNES, Albert, American expositor, in.
379-
, Joshua, English scholar, in. 379.
— , Thomas, English journalist, xvn.
418.
-, William, Dorset poems of, VII. 372.
BARNET, town, England, in. 379.
BARNEVELDT, Jan van Olden, Dutch
statesman, in. 379; xn. 77.
BARNFIELD, Richard, English pastoral
poet, xvni. 347.
BARNSLEY, town, England, in. 380;
xxiv. 748.
BARNSTABLE, town, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., in. 380.
BARNSTAPLE, town, England, in. 380.
BARNUEVO, Pedro de Peralta y, Peru
vian writer, xvni. 675.
BARNWELL CASTLE, Northampton,
England, xvn. 557.
BAROCCHIO, Giacomo da Vignola,
Italian architect, ill. 380.
BAROCCI, or Baroccio, Federigo, Italian
painter, in. 380.
BARODA, town, India, in. 380.
BAROLO, Marchesa di, Italian prison
reformer, xvni. 478.
BAROLUM (Barletta), ancient town,
Italy, in. 376.
BAROMETER, in. 381; invention of, by
Torricelli, XXIII. 453; applications of,
xix. 241; Pascal's experiments with,
xvni. 338.
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, Oscillations
of, in. 30; xvi. 121.
BARON, title of nobility, in. 387; xvni.
462, 464.
BARONET, title of nobility, in. 388;
xiv. 120.
OF NOVA SCOTIA, xvn. 603.
BARONIUS, Caesar, church historian, III.
389; V. 765; his Ecclesiastical Annals,
i. 785; xix. 505.
BARONS' WAR, in England, vni. 311;
XL 659.
BARONY, Burghs of, in Scotland, iv. 63.
BAROSSA, town, South Australia, xxn.
284.
BAROZZI, or Barocchio, Giacomo da
Vignola, Italian architect, HI. 380.
BARQUISIMETO, town, Venezuela, in.
389; xxiv. 140.
BARR, town, Alsace, Germany, in. 390.
— , town, India, xvni. 409.
BARRA, island, Hebrides, Scotland, in.
390; xi. 607.
BARRACKPUR, subdivision and town,
India, in. 390.
BARRACKS, for soldiers, in. 390; of the
British army, II. 587; ventilation of,
xxiv. 1 60.
BARRAL, aeronaut, i. 195.
BARRANCAS, valleys, Spain, xxn. 294.
BARRANDE, Joachim, his theory of fossil
colonies, x. 323.
BARRAS, Comte de, French Revolu
tionist, ill. 392.
BARREL-MAKING, vi. 338.
BARREL ORGAN, xvn. 106.
BARRERE, Pierre, on birds, xvni. 5.
BARRETT, Elizabeth (Mrs Browning),
English poetess, IV. 391.
— , George, his annuity tables, II. 81.
BARRHEAD, town, Scotland, in. 392.
BARRI, Giraldde (Giraldus Cambrensis),
ecclesiastic and historian, in. 392.
BARRIER ACT, of the Scottish Church
(1639), xix. 682.
BARRIER REEFS, x. 257; vi. 378.
BARRINGTON, First Viscount, theo
logian, in. 393.
— , Second Viscount, in. 393.
— , Hon. Daines, naturalist, ill. 393.
— , Samuel, English admiral, III. 394.
— , Shute, bishop of Durham, in. 394.
BARRISTERS, English legal pleaders,
in. 394; xin. 87.
BARROCOE, settlement, West Africa,
x. 755.
BARRON'S LOCK, xiv. 744.
BARROS, Jo5o de, Portuguese historian,
in. 395; xix. 557.
BARROW, river, Ireland, xin. 216; xx.
171.
, Isaac, English mathematician and
divine, in. 396; on differential
calculus, xin. 7.
, Sir John, English writer and
administrator, in. 396; advocate of
northern exploration, XIX. 319; his
comparison of Chinese and Peruvians,
i. 698.
, Reuben, on Hindu algebra, I. 517.
BARROWE, Henry, English Independent,
xn. 724.
BARROW-IN-FURNESS, town, England,
in. 395.
46
B A K — B A S
BARROWS, sepulchral mounds, in. 397;
in ancient America, I. 692.
BARROW'S STRAITS, Polar Sea, in. 399.
BARRULE, North and South, mountains,
Isle of Man, xv. 450.
BARRY, Sir Charles, English architect,
in. 399.
, James, Irish painter, III. 399.
, Madame du, mistress of Louis XV.,
ix. 593.
CORNWALL (B. W. Procter),
English poet, XIX. 792.
BARS, county, Hungary, in. 400.
, River, Formation of, x. 277; XX.
575-
BAR SAROSHWAI, Syriac Biblical critic,
xxn. 849.
BARSAUMA, Syriac writer, xxn. 830,
831-
BARSI, town, India, xxi. 832.
BARSOVITE, mineral, xvi. 420.
BAR-SUR-AUBE, town, France, in. 356.
BAR SUR-ORNAIN, town, France, in,
356.
BAR-SUR-SEINE, town, France, in. 357.
BART, or Earth, Jean, French admiral,
in. 401.
BARTAN, town, Asiatic Turkey, in. 401.
BARTANG, river, Turkestan, xvm. 103.
BARTAS, Gtiillaume de Salluste dn,
French poet, in. 401.
BARTFELD, or Bartfa, town, Hungary,
in. 401.
EARTH, Heinrich, African explorer, in.
401; I. 247.
, Jean, French admiral, in. 401.
BARTHELEMY, Auguste Marseille,
French writer, III. 401,
, Jean Jacques, French writer, in.
401.
BARTHEZ, or Barthes, Paul Joseph,
French physician, III. 402.
BARTHOLDI'S STATUE OF LIBERTY,
New York, xvn. 459.
BARTHOLIN, Danish historian, xn. 626.
EARTHOLINUS, Erasmus, on crystals,
vi. 672.
, Gaspard, Swedish writer, ill. 403.
, Thomas, Swedish physiologist, III.
403-
BARTHOLOMEW, St, apostle, in. 403.
, Revelations of, apocalyptic work,
II. 179.
, St, Massacre of, IX. 561; v. 412.
BARTIZAN, in architecture, n. 460.
BARTLETT, A. D., on the structure of
birds, xvni. 25.
BARTOLINI, Lorenzo, Italian sculptor,
in. 403.
BARTOLOMMEO DI S. MARCO (Baccio
della Porta), Italian painter, in. 194;
his influence on Raphael, XX. 275.
BARTOLOZZI, Francesco, Italian en
graver, in. 403.
BARTOLUS, Italian jurist, in. 403.
BARTON, Andrew, Scottish sea captain,
xxi, 496.
BARTON, Benjamin Smith, American
naturalist, in. 404; on birds, xvni. 9.
— , Elizabeth (Maid of Kent), re
ligious enthusiast, in. 404; I. 33.
, William, his version of the Psalms,
xn. 590.
BARTRAM, W., on American birds, xvni.
9-
BARTSCH, Karl, on the Nibelungenlied,
xvii. 476.
BARUCH, of Scripture, in. 404.
, Apocalypse of, n. 179; xvi. 315.
— , Book of, in Apocrypha, in. 404;
II. 181.
BARUNG, Nusa, island, Java, xin. 600.
BARWON, river, Australia, XXIV. 216.
BARWOOD, red dye, vii. 576.
BARYTA, or Barytes, oxide of barium,
ill. 406; in glass manufacture, x. 664.
— MICA, mineral, xvi. 413.
- WHITE, pigment, xix. 86.
BARYTE, mineral, xvi. 400.
BARYTO-CALCITE, mineral, XVL 398.
BARYTO-CELESTINE, mineral, xvi. 400.
BASALT, variety of rocks, x. 235.
BASCINET, headpiece, XL 637.
BASE, in architecture, n. 460.
— , in chemistry, v. 477, 486.
- BALL, game, in. 406.
BASEDOW, Johann Bernhard. German
educationist, in, 407; vii. 676
BASEL (Bale, or Basle), canton, Switzer
land, in. 408; xxn. 778, 791.
— , town, Switzerland, XXII. 778, 789;
council of (1431-43), in. 409; xix.
502; XX. 320; treaty of (1795), I. 471;
libraries, xiv. 548; university, xxin.
842, 851.
CONFESSION (1531), xv. 83.
BASE LINE, Measurement of, in survey
ing, x. 163; xxn. 696, 704.
BASEMENT, in architecture, n. 460.
BASE OF SUPPLY, in war, xxiv. 350.
BASHAN, country of Scripture, in Syria,
in. 410.
BASHFORTH, Prof., on the velocity of
projectiles, XL 302.
BASHGALIS, tribe, Afghanistan, xm. 822.
BASHI-BAZOUKS, Turkish irregular sol
diery, n. 6 1 8.
BASHKIR-MESCHERYAKS, people, Rus
sia, xvi, 46.
BASHKIRS, people, Russia, in. 411;
xxi. 79.
BASHMURIC, Egyptian dialect, vi. 355;
XL 799.
BASIDIOMYCETES, order of Fungi, ix.
832; xxiv. 127.
BASIL, the Great, early theologian, in.
412; his monastic rule, XVI. 700.
, bishops of Ancyra and Seleucia,
in. 412.
, or Basilius, I., emperor of the East,
in. 419; XL 116.
II., emperor, XL 116.
— , prince of Russia, XXI. 91.
, culinary herb, xn. 289.
BASIL SHUISKI, Russian revolutionist,
xxi. 95.
BASILEUS, title of Greek archon, 11. 476.
BASILIA (Basel), ancient town, SAvitzer-
land, in. 408.
BASILICA, Greek code of laws, in. 419;
Dorotheus's scholia on, vn. 369.
-, BASILICAS, in architecture, in. 412;
II. 421; of Italy, II. 434; Roman, xx.
816, 823.
BASILICATA, province, Italy, in. 420.
BASILICON DORON, book by James VI.
of Scotland, xin. 558; xxi. 509.
BASILICUS, Jacob, Moldavian pretender,
xxi. 19.
BASILIDES, Gnostic teacher, in. 420; x.
703; his connexion with Neoplaton-
ism, xvn. 335.
BASILISK, fabulous animal, in. 421; vi.
98.
BASILIUS (Basil I.), emperor of the East,
XL 1 16; his code of law, in. 419.
BASINGSTOKE, town, England, in. 421.
BASKERVILLE, John, English printer,
in. 421.
BASKET, in. 421.
BASKING-SHARK, xxi. 777; xn. 646.
BASLE (Basel, q.v.\ canton and town,
Switzerland, in. 408.
BASMANOFF, Russian general, xxi. 94.
BASNAGE, Jacques, Protestant pastor,
in. 423.
BASODINE, mountain, Switzerland, xxin.
35i-
BASOMMATOPHORA, suborder of Mol-
lusca, xvi. 660.
BASQUE PROVINCES, Spain, in. 423;
xxn. 298.
BASQUES, European race, xn. 605; their
language, in. 424; xvm. 780; diction
aries of the language, vn. 188; their
prehistoric origin, v, 269; x. in.
BASRA, province, Asiatic Turkey, xvi.
51; xxin. 653; (Bussorah), town, iv.
577; vin. 671; province and town
under the caliphs, xvi. 562, 590;
Moslem theological school of, xvi.
592.
BAS RELIEFS, in sculpture, ix. 205;
Greek, n. 352.
BASS, George, Australasian explorer, in.
104.
& Co.'s BREWERIES, Burton,
England, IV 265, 572,
BASS^:, ruins, Greece, xvm. 735.
BASSAHIR, state, India, in. 424.
BASSAM, Grand, river and settlement,
West Africa, X. 755.
BASSANO, town, Italy, in. 424.
, Giacomo da Ponte, Italian painter,
in. 424.
BASSANTIE, James, Scottish astronomer,
xxi. 543.
BASSEIN, district, India, in. 425; town,
III. 425; XXIII. 221.
BASSELIN, Olivier, French poet, in.
425.
BASSES-ALPES, department, France, I.
599-
BASSES-PYRENEES, department, France,
xx. 126.
BASSET, or Outcrop, in geology, x. 298.
BASSE TERRE, district and town, Guade
loupe, West Indies, XI. 230.
BASSETERRE, town, St Christopher,
West Indies, xxi. 159.
BASSET HORN, musical instrument,
xvn. 708.
BASSEVILLE, Hugo, French Republican
agent in Rome, xix. 155.
BASS I, Laura Maria Caterina, learned
Italian lady, in. 425.
BASSIANUS, Joannes, Italian jurist, in.
425.
, Varius Avitus (Heliogabalus),
emperor of Rome, XI. 632.
BASSIGNY, district, France, xv. 561.
BASSO DA CAMERA, musical instrument,
xxiv. 245.
BASSOON, musical instrument, in. 425;
xvn. 707.
BASSORA (Bussorah), town, Asiatic
Turkey, iv. 577; viii. 671; xvi. 562,
590; gum of, xi. 276.
BASS ROCK, islet, Firth of Forth, Scot
land, in. 424.
BASS'S STRAITS, Australia, in. 424.
BASSUS, Ccesius, Roman poet, xvin.
662.
BASS WOOD, tree, United States, XXIII.
808.
BAST, bark of lime tree, xiv. 648.
(Bubastis), Egyptian divinity, IV.
408; vn. 718.
BASTAR, feudatory state, India, in. 425.
BASTARD, in. 426.
OF ORLEANS (Dunois), French
general, vn. 544.
BASTEI, mountain, Saxony, xxi. 357.
BASTI, district and town, India, in.
428.
BASTIA, town, Corsica, in. 428.
BASTIANINI, Italian sculptor, xxi. 570.
BASTIAT, Frederic, French political
economist, in. 428; xix. 385.
BASTIE, Sieur Antoine d'Arces de la,
French envoy in Scotland, xxi. 497.
BASTILLE, fortress, Paris, in. 429; xxin.
289; its fall, ix. 598; the Man of the
Iron Mask in, xin. 360.
BASTION, in fortification, ix. 434, 440.
BASTITE, mineral, xvi. 415.
BASTNAESITE, mineral, xvi. 383.
BASTWICK, John, English physician and
anti-Catholic, in. 430.
BASURHAT, town, India, xxin. 673.
BASUTOS, South-African tribe, V. 47;
XXin. 518; languages of, XXIV. 828.
BAT, chiropterous mammal, in. 431;
XV. 405; hibernation of, xi. 788; sense
of touch in, xxin. 479; in Sumatra,
xxn. 640.
, Fox, ix. 352; xxn. 640.
, Vampire, xxiv. 52.
B A S — B A T
BATAGUR, genus of chelonian reptiles,
xxin. 457.
BATAK LANGUAGE, in. 442.
BATALA, town, India, XL 331.
BATALDEN, island, Norway, xvn. 576.
BATAN^EA, ancient province, Syria, in.
410.
BATANES, islands, Philippines, xvin.
75i-
BATANG, island, Malay Peninsula,
xv. 321.
— , town, Tibet, XXlll. 342.
- LUPAR, river, Borneo, xxi. 306.
BATAVI, Germanic tribe, xn. 69.
BATAVIA, town, Java, in. 431; xin.
606; library at, XIV. 534, 549.
BATAVIAN REPUBLIC, Netherlands
(1795), xii. 82.
BATCHIAN, island, Indian Archipelago,
xin. 692.
BATCHING, in jute manufacture, xin.
802.
BATEGNIUS (Al-Battani), Arabian mathe
matician, I. 449; xvi. 596; xxni. 561.
BATEMAN, John, colonizer of Victoria,
Australia, xxiv. 218.
, J. F., on Loch Katrine aqueduct,
II. 226.
BATES, William, English Nonconformist
divine, in. 432.
BATH, town, England, in. 432; xxn.
258; mineral waters of, XVI. 433;
Nash's connexion with, xvn. 235.
— , town, Maine, U.S.A., III. 434.
, Syriac measure, xxiv. 485.
— , Earl of, English politician, XX.
103.
— , Order of the, xiv. 124.
— AND WELLS, bishopric of, England,
xxiv. 499.
BATHGATE, town, Scotland, in. 434.
BATHING, in. 437.
BATHOMETER, measure of sea-depths,
xxn. 38.
BATHORI, Christopher, prince of Tran
sylvania, xxii. 230.
, Sigmund, prince of Transylvania,
xxi. 17.
— , Stephen, governor of Transylvania
and king of Poland, XII. 369; XIX.
293; xxi. 92.
BATHS, in. 434; ancient Roman, at
Pompeii, XIX. 448; hydropathic, XII.
544; swimming, xxn. 771.
BATHURST, town, Gambia, West Africa,
I. 269; x. 59.
, town, New Brunswick, xvn. 375.
— , town, New South Wales, in. 441.
, village, Sierra Leone, XXII. 45.
, Earl of, English statesman, in.
441.
— , Ralph, English poet, physician, and
divine, ill. 442.
BATHYCLES, Greek sculptor, in. 442.
BATHYLAGUS, genus of fishes, xxi. 222,
224.
BATINEH, district, Arabia, n. 255.
47
BATISCAN, river, Canada, XX. 165.
BATIUSHKOFF, Constantine, Russian
poet, xxi. 107.
BATLEY, town, England, xxiv. 748.
BATMAN Su, affluent of Tigris, xxin.
387-
BATNA, town, Algeria, xiv. 238.
BATOIDEI, group of fishes, xn. 686; xx.
299.
BATON i, Pompeo Girolamo, Italian
painter, in. 442.
BATON-ROUGE, town, Louisiana, U.S.A.,
in. 442; xv. 21.
BATORY, Stephen, king of Poland and
ruler of Transylvania, XII. 369; XIX.
293; xxi. 92.
BATOUM, seaport, Transcaucasia, Russia,
in. 446; xxin. 514; ceded to Russia
(1878), xxin. 653.
BATRACHIANS, group of animals, I. 750;
xx. 432.
BATRACHUS, Greek architect, in. 442.
BATSHA, Tong-King, peculiarity of tides
at, xiv. 606.
BATTA, Negro tribe, Sokoto, Africa, xxn.
248.
BATTAFUOCO, Matteo, Corsican politi
cian, xvn. 193.
BATTAKS (Battas, q.v.\ race of people,
Sumatra, in. 442; xxn. 640.
BATTALION, body of infantry, in.
442.
BATTAS, or Battaks, race of people,
Sumatra, in. 442; xxii. 640; their
cannibalism, IV. 808.
BATTER, in architecture, II. 460.
BATTERING RAM, military engine, in.
443-
BATTERSEA, district, London, xiv. 822.
BATTERY, of artillery, in. 443; n. 662;
coast batteries, IX. 451.
— , electric, vni. 13, 90; galvanic,
vin. 92.
-, in law, n. 724.
BATTEUX, Charles, French writer on art,
in. 443; I. 220.
BATTHYANI, Count Louis, Hungarian
leader, xn. 371.
BATTIAD/E, dynasty of Libyan kings, in.
446.
BATTICALOA, town, Ceylon, in. 443.
BATTIKS, Javanese cloth, xin. 604.
BATTLE, engagement between armies,
in. 443; xxiv. 361.
, town, England, in. 445.
, Ordeal of, xvn. 820.
AXE, weapon of war, n. 555.
HARBOUR, fishing station, Labra
dor, xiv. 175.
BATTLEMENT, in architecture, 11. 460.
BATTLE OF THE BOOKS, Swift's work,
xxn. 762; Wotton's share in the con
troversy, xxiv. 685.
BATTLE OF THE STANDARD (1138),
xvn. 555.
BATTLE OF THE STANDARD, Leonardo
da Vinci's picture, xiv. 459.
48
BATTLESBURY, ancient camp, Wilts,
England, xxiv. 370.
BATTUS, kings of Cyrene, Africa, in.
445, 446; xxm. 280.
BATU, Mongol chief, xvi. 741, 746;
xxi. 46, 90.
— ISLANDS, Sumatra, in. 446; xxn.
BATUM, or Batoum, seaport, Trans
caucasia, Russia, in. 446; xxm. 514;
ceded to Russia (1878), XXIII. 653.
BAUDEKIN, variety of gold cloth, xxm.
210.
BAUDELAIRE, Charles, French poet, in.
446; ix. 677.
BAUDOUIN, F. J., French journalist,
xvn. 425.
DE SEBOURC, French chanson, ix.
BAUDRILLART, Henri, French econo
mist, xix. 395.
BAUER, Mayer Anselm, founder of the
Rothschild family, xxi. 3.
BAUHIN, Gaspard, French botanist, in.
446.
, Jean, French botanist, III. 447.
BAUM£, Antoine, French chemist, in.
447-
BAUME FOCOT, gum, xix. 512.
BAUMGARTEN, Alexander Gottlieb, Ger
man philosopher, in. 447 ; his limi
tation of aesthetics, I. 212; on the
beautiful, I. 217.
BAUMGARTEN-CRUSIUS, Ludwig F. 0.,
German theologian, in. 447.
BAUR, Ferdinand Christian, German
theologian, ill. 447; on church history,
V. 766; 011 origin of Synoptic Gospels,
x. 841; on New Testament canon, ill.
BAUTAIN, Louis E. M., French philo
sopher and theologian, ill. 450.
BAUTISTA DE TOLEDO, Juan, Spanish
architect, Vin. 540.
BAUTZEN, town, Germany, in. 450; xxi.
357; battle of (1813), xvn. 219.
BAUXITE, or Beauxite, mineral, xin. 295;
xvi. 388.
BAVARIA, in. 450; conquest of, by
Charlemagne, x. 479; Count Rum-
ford's administration in, XXIII. 310;
its army, II. 600; libraries, xiv. 526,
547; newspapers, xvn. 429; prison
system, xix. 760.
BAVARIAN ALPS, i. 628.
BAVARIANS, Law code of the, ancient,
xxi. 215.
BAVEAN, or Bawean, island, Java, xin.
600.
BAXAR, or Buxar, town, India, in. 454;
xxi. 735.
BAXTER, Andrew, Scottish metaphy
sician, in. 454.
, Richard, English divine, in. 455;
hymns by, xn. 592; on Presby-
terianism, xix. 689.
BAYAD, fish, xxn. 68.
B A T - - B E A
BAYAM, Affonso Lopes de, Portuguese
poet, xix. 555.
BAYAN, Mongol general, xiv. 151.
BAYARD, the steed, Romance of, xx.
653.
, Chevalier de, French knight, in.
457-
BAYAZID, town, Armenia, in. 458.
BAYBERRY OIL, xvn. 744, 747.
BAYER, John, his notation of stars, n.
754-
BAYERBERG, mountain, Germany, xxi.
349-
BAYERN (Bavaria, q.v.), in. 450.
BAYEUX, town, France, in. 458; xvn.
539-
TAPESTRY, vin. 162.
BAYEZID, or Bajazet, I., Turkish sultan,
in. 247; xxm. 641.
- II., Turkish sultan, xxm. 642.
BAYHAM, Viscount, lord chancellor of
England, IV. 735.
ABBEY, Sussex, England, I. 20.
BAY-LAUREL, tree, xiv. 348.
BAYLE, Gaspard L., French physician,
xv. 8 1 6.
— , Pierre, lexicographer, in. 458;
XVIII. 539; his Dictionnaire Historique
et Critique, VIII. 194; his influence on
French literature, ix. 661; his scepti
cism, xxi. 383.
BAYLEN, Duke of, Spanish general, v.
1 86.
BAYNARD'S CASTLE, old London, xiv.
843-
BAYONET, weapon, n. 558; XL 284;
xxn. 802.
BAYONNE, town, France, in. 459.
BAYOUS, river offshoots, xv. 20; xvi.
520.
BAY PSALM BOOK, xv. 614.
BAYREUTH (Baireuth, q.v.), town, Ba
varia, in. 246.
BAY SALT, xxi. 228.
BAY-WINDOW, in architecture, n. 460.
BAYWOOD, Honduras mahogany, xv.
288.
BAZA, town, Spain, in. 459.
BAZAINE, Francois Achille, French
marshal, ix. 627; his capitulation at
Metz (1870), xvi. 204.
BAZARAD, Alexander, voivode of Wa-
lachia, xxi. 16.
BAZARD, Armand, French socialist, in.
459; vin. 212; xxi. 198.
BAZARDJUSI, mountain, Caucasus, v.
254.
BAZARUTO ARCHIPELAGO, East Africa,
xvn. 7.
BAZIGARS, tribe, India, in. 459.
BAZIN'S HYDRAULIC FORMULA, xn.
497-
BAZOCHE, Clerks of the, actors of
moralities, vn. 414; ix. 645.
BAZTAN, town, Spain, xvn. 249.
BAZZI, Giannantonio (II Sodoma), Italian
painter, XXII. 245; XXI. 434.
BDELLID/E, family of Arachnida, n.
276; xvi. 528.
BDELLIUM, gum-resin, in. 460; xvn.
121 ; used as incense, XII. 718.
BDELLOIDA, order of Rot if era, xxi. 8.
BEACHES, Raised, x. 256.
BEACHY HEAD, promontory, England,
in. 460; xxn. 723.
BEACON, at sea, xiv. 625.
— CONTROVERSY, among Quakers,
xx. 149.
BEACONSFIELD, town, England, in.
460.
— , Earl of (B. Disraeli), British states-
mail, vin. 367.
BEACONS OF BRECKNOCK, hills, Wales,
iv. 243.
BEAD, ornament, in. 460; of glass, x.
652.
BEAGLE, dog, vn. 329; xn. 316.
— CHANNEL, Tierra del Fuego, xxm.
384-
BEAM, in carpentry, iv. 477; in bridges,
iv. 289.
BEAN, leguminous plant, in. 460; cul
ture of, I. 360; xn. 279, 283; as forage
crop, I. 377; straw as fodder, I. 361.
BEAR, carnivorous mammal, in. 461;
XV. 441; hibernation of, XI. 788;
arctic, colour of, xvi. 343; of India,
xn. 741; skins of, IX. 837.
ACCOUNT, Stock Exchange term,
I. 92.
BAITING, in. 461.
BEARD, in. 462.
BEAR ISLAND, Spitzbergen, xxn. 408.
BEAR LAKE, Great, Canada, in. 462.
BEAR LODGE, natural pillar, Rocky
Mountains, U.S.A., xxm. 797.
BEAR-MOUSE, or Marmot, xv. 559.
BEARN, province, France, in. 465.
BEAR'S-FOOT, plant, XL 635.
BEAS, river, India, xxi. 146.
BEAST, of the Apocalypse, n. 125; xx.
499-
BEAST-FORMS, Myths of, xv. 90; xvn.
135; xxm. 467.
BEATIA (Baeza), ancient town, Spain, in.
229.
BEATIFICATION, v. 23.
BEATINE, nitrogenous carbon compound,
xvn. 520.
BEATON, David, Scottish cardinal, in.
465; xxi. 498.
BEATRICE, town, Nebraska, U.S.A.,
xvn. 309.
— , Dante's, vi. 811.
BEATS, in music, I. 117; xvn. 105.
BEATTIE, James, Scottish poet and
essayist, in. 466; his place in English
literature, Vin. 429.
BEAUCAIRE, town, France, in. 467.
BEAUCE, district, France, xiv. 809.
BEAUCHAMP, Alphonse de, French his
torian, in. 467.
BEAUFORT, town, South Carolina,
U.S.A., xxn. 288.
B E A — B E E
49
BEAUFORT, Pierre Roger de (Pope Gre
gory XL), xi. 178.
FAMILY, earls and dukes of Somer
set, vin. 327.
BEAUHARNAIS, Eugene de, stepson of
Napoleon I., ill. 467.
, Eugenie Hortense de, Louis
Napoleon's mother, XII. 209; xvn.
226.
, Josephine de, wife of Napoleon I.,
xin. 751; xvn. 196; divorce of, xvn.
215.
BEAUHARNAISIUS, genus of birds,
xxni. 477.
BEAUJEU, Anne of, regent of France,
v. 411; ix. 553.
BEAULIEU, Augustin, French admiral,
I. 566.
, Jacques, French surgeon, xxn.
676.
BEAUMANOIR, Philippe de, French
jurist, ill. 467.
BEAUMARCHAIS, Pierre Augustin Caron,
French dramatist, III. 467; VII. 426;
ix. 666.
BEAUMARIS, town, Wales, in. 468.
SHARK, xix. 518.
BEAUMOND CROSS, Newark, England,
xvn. 370.
BEAUMONT, Francis, English dramatist,
in. 469; vn. 432.
BEAUMONTITE, mineral, xvi. 422.
BEAUNE, town, France, in. 474; Hos
pice de, xxiv. 606.
BEAUSOBRE, Isaac de, French Protestant
writer, in. 475.
BEAUTIFUL, Theory of the, I. 212; xvni.
795; Burke's work on, iv. 540; Jouf-
froy on, xin. 754.
BEAUTY, its nature, IX. 194; Hutcheson
on, xil. 411; Plato on, xix. 201.
AND THE BEAST, folk-tale, xv. 91.
BEAUVAIS, town, France, in. 475; xvn.
749-
, Vincent of, encyclopaedist, vin.
192; xxiv. 235.
BEAUXITE, or Bauxite, mineral, xin.
295; xvi. 388.
BEAVER, rodent mammal, in. 475; xv.
418; skins of, ix. 838.
, perfume, xvni. 526.
BEAVER-WOOD, tree, XL 360.
BEBAJIAS, Gipsy tribe, India, in. 248.
BEBBA, British princess, xvn. 569.
BEBE (Nicholas Ferry), French dwarf,
vn. 567.
BEBEERINE (Bibirine), vegetable alka
loid, in. 633.
EEC, Monastery of, Normandy, II. 91.
BECCAFICO, bird, xvni. 53.
BECCAFUMI, Domenico, Italian painter,
in. 476; xxn. 44.
BECCARI, Agostino, Italian pastoral
dramatist, vn. 418; xvni. 345.
BECCARI A, Marquis, Italian jurist and
economist, in. 477; xix. 362.
, Giovanni Battista, Italian astrono- *
mer, in. 477; his experiments in elec
tricity, VIII. 7.
BECCLES, town, England, 111.477; xxn.
622.
BECERRA, Gaspar, Spanish painter and
sculptor, in. 477.
BECHE-DE-MER, or Trepang, edible
echinoderm, ill. 477. See also vn.
640.
BECKER, Johann Joachim, German
chemist, ill. 477; v. 460.
BECHSTEIN, Johann M., on birds, xvni.
9, 17-
BECHTERMUNZE, Henry and Nicholas,
German printers, xxill. 685.
BECHUANA LANDS, Africa, Languages
of, xxiv. 828.
BECHWANA, or Bechuanas, Negro tribes,
ill. 478; xvn. 319; their totemism,
xxni. 468; of Transvaal, xxni. 518.
BECK, David, Dutch painter, in. 479.
BECKER, Wilhelm Adolf, German arch
aeologist, in. 479.
BECKET, Thomas, or Thomas A, arch
bishop of Canterbury, I. 31; v. 29;
Vin. 304, 372; his contests with Henry
II., XI. 657; his bones burnt, VI. 606.
BECKETT'S LOCK, xiv. 749.
BECKFORD, William, English writer, in.
479-
BECKLEY'S SELF-REGISTERING ANE
MOMETER, ii. 25.
BECKMANN, Johann, German writer, in.
479; i. 644.
BECKWITH, Agnes, English swimmer,
xxn. 771.
, Colonel, Waldensian philanthropist,
xxiv. 325.
BECUIBA TALLOW, vegetable fat, xvn.
744-
BED, in furniture, IX. 849.
BEDA (Bede, q.v.), early English his
torian, in. 480.
BEDARRIEUX, town, France, in. 479.
BED-CHAMBER, Ladies of the royal,
xxi. 37.
BEDDOES, Thomas, English physician,
in. 479.
, Thomas Lovell, English dramatist,
in. 480.
BEDE, early English historian, ill. 480;
vin. 280; xin. 593; xvn. 569, 570;
his account of Caedmon, IV. 630; on
monachism, XVI. 707; his place in
English literature, Vin. 405.
BEDELL, William, bishop of Kilmore,
in. 482.
BED-FEATHERS, ix. 59.
BEDFORD, town, England, in. 482.
, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., mineral
water of, xvi. 436.
, Duke of, English regent in France,
vin. 321; ix. 549.
- HOURS, illuminated MS., XII. 708.
LEVEL, district, England, in.
482; draining of, I. 404; iv. 727.
BEDFORDSHIRE, county, England, in.
483; population and representation,
xxni. 727.
BEDJA, town, Tunis, xxni. 620.
BEDLAMS, for detention of lunatics, xin.
no.
BEDLIS, town, Armenia, in. 617.
BEDLOE'S ISLAND, New York, U.S.A.,
xvn. 459.
BEDMAR, Marquis of, Spanish ambas
sador to Venice, xxiv. 147.
BEDNOR, town, India, HI. 483.
BEDOUINS, nomad Arabs, n. 246; I. 564;
xxi. 651; in Syria, xxn. 823.
BEDR, Battle of, near Medina (623), XVI.
555-
BEDSTEAD, in furniture, IX. 849.
BEE, insect, in. 484, 493; xn. 576;
xin. 148; honey of, xn. 136, 138;
wax, xxiv. 459.
, Humble, XH. 342.
BEECH, tree, in. 503; culture of, 11.
317; in U.S.A., xxin. 808; strength
of the wood, xxn. 603.
BEECHER, Lyman, American temper
ance reformer, XXIII. 158.
BEECHEY, Frederick William, Arctic
explorer, III. 503; X. 193; Xix. 319.
, Sir William, English painter, in.
503-
BEECH-NUT OIL, xvn. 744.
B EEC KM AN, Isaac, his friendship with
Descartes, VII. 116.
BEEF-MEASLE, xxni. 52; xxiv. 206.
BEE-HIVES, in. 499.
BEEK, David, Dutch painter, in. 479.
BEE-KEEPING, HI. 501; xii. 138.
BEELTHAN, George of, Syriac writer,
xxn. 842.
BEELZEBUB, in. 503; vn. 136; xvni.
756.
BEE-MARTIN, bird, xiv. 81.
BEE-PASTURAGE, in. 498.
BEER, beverage, IV. 264; xv. 338;
adulteration of, I. 172; Burton, IV.
5 72; consumption of, in Munich, XVII.
26; tax on, in England, xv. 339.
, Dob, Jewish sectarian leader, xin.
681.
-, Herz, father of Meyerbeer, xvi.
BEERBERG, Grosser, mountain, Ger
many, xxni. 332.
BEERBHOOM (Birbhum), district and
town, India, III. 697.
BEERSHEBA, town, Palestine, HI. 504;
xvni. 172.
BEESTON, town, England, xvn. 598.
BEESWAX, in. 486; xxiv. 459; bleach
ing of, in. 825.
BEET, vegetable, in. 504; xn. 279; cul
ture of, I. 381; rum from, XXI. 58;
sugar from, I. 381; XXII. 625, 626.
BEETHOVEN, Ludwig van, musician,
ill. 504; as symphonist, XVII. 97.
BEETLE, insect, HI. 507; vi. 126; xin.
148; mimicry in, xvi. 343.
MITE, xvi. 528.
XXV. — 7
50
B E E — B E L
BEETLING, in bleaching, in. 818.
BEETS, Nicolaes, Dutch writer, xn. 98.
BEGARELLI, Antonio, of Modena, Italian
sculptor, xxi. 569.
BEGAS, Karl, German painter, in. 507.
BEGBAZAAR, town, Asiatic Turkey, in.
507.
BEGGARS, English laws against, xix.
462.
BEGGAR'S OPERA, Gay's, vn. 437; x. 120.
BEGHARDS, communistic mystics, in.
507; i. 140; xvi. 711; xvn. 132;
Eckhart's connexion with them, vn.
642.
BEGONIA, stove plant, xii. 265.
BEGUINES, communistic mystics, in.
507; xvi. 709; xvn. 132.
BEHAIM, Martin, cartographer and navi
gator, in. 509; x. 680.
BEHAR, province, India, in. 508, 567;
town, in. 509; xvin. 409.
BEHBEHAN, town, Persia, in. 509.
BEHEM,or Behaim, Martin, cartographer
and navigator, in. 509; x. 680.
BEHISTUN, Persia, rock inscriptions at,
in. 509; xvin. 567.
BEHMEN, Jakob (Boehme, </.v.), German
mystic, in. 852.
BEHN, Aphra, English dramatist, in.
509; vin. 424.
BEHRING, Vitus, Danish Arctic explorer,
in. 510; xix. 318.
BEHRING'S ISLAND, North Pacific, in.
509.
BEHRING'S STRAIT, in. 509; xvin.
116; whale fishery in, xxiv. 528.
BEHRISCH, E. W., friend of Goethe, x.
722.
BEI BAZAAR (Begbazaar), town, Asiatic
Turkey, in. 507.
BEIGHTON, Henry, his steam-engine
improvement, xxn. 474.
BEING, Science of, xvi. 79.
— AND NOT BEING, in Eleatic philo
sophy, xvin. 315.
BEIRA, province, Portugal, in. 510;
xix. 537.
BEIROUT, or Beyrout, town, Syria, in.
622; commerce of, xxin. 655.
BEIT-EL-FAKIH, town, Arabia, in. 510.
BEJA, town, Portugal, in. 510.
BEJAPORE (Bijapur), state and town,
India, in. 669.
BEJAR, town, Spain, in. 510; xxi. 203.
BEJARD, Arniande, wife of Moliere, xvi.
625.
BEKA, district, Asiatic Turkey, xxin.
654.
BEKE, Charles T., English traveller, in.
510.
BEKES, town, Hungary, in. 511.
BEKKER, Balthazar, Dutch theologian,
in. 511; xn. 95.
, or Wolff, Elizabeth, Dutch
novelist, in. 511.
, Immanuel, German philologist,
in. 511.
BEKR, tribe of Arabs, Mesopotamia,
xvi. 48.
BEL, Assyrian deity, in. 175.
, Matthias, Hungarian historian,
in. 511.
BELA, town, Baluchistan, in. 511.
BELABANZA, town, Hungary, xxi. 393.
BELADHORI, Arab historian, xxin. 3.
BELANDA NIAM-NIAM, Central African
tribes, xvn. 473.
BEL AND THE DRAGON, History of, in
Apocrypha, II. 181.
BELASPOOR (Bilaspur), town, India,
xin. 823.
BELBEIS, town, Upper Egypt, in. 511.
BELCHEN, mountain, Black Forest,
Germany, xxiv. 700.
BELCHER, Sir Edward, Arctic explorer,
xix. 321.
BELEBEI, town, Russia, xxin. 717.
BELEMNITE, fossil mollusc, xvi. 676.
BELESME, Robert of, Norman noble, XL
656.
BELFAST, town, Ireland, in. 511; xin.
237; library, xiv. 524; newspapers,
xvn. 423; Queen's College at, xxin.
855.
LOUGH, Ireland, in. 512.
BELFORT, town, France, in. 513; xm.
781.
BELFRY, in architecture, n. 461.
BELG.E, or Belgians, Gallic tribe, ix.
527; x. in.
BELGAM, or Belgaum, district, India,
in- SU-
BELGIUM, in. 514; united to and separ
ated from Holland, XII. 83; its relations
to the papacy, VI. 242; academy of,
I. 76; its army, n. 615; birds, xvin.
17; coalfields, vi. 55; coins, xvn.
656; small farms, I. 412; forests, IX.
400; foundling hospitals, IX. 483;
irrigation works, Xin. 370; libraries,
XIV- S31) 549! mines, xvi. 468;
national debt, xvn. 246; newspapers,
xvn. 430; observatories, xvn. 715;
oyster culture, xvin. 108; periodical
literature, xvin. 542; police system,
Xix. 343; prison system, xix. 758;
railways, XX. 250; Walloons, xxiv.
332-
BELGRADE, town, Servia, in. 531; xxi.
688; battle of (1717), vin. 66 1; treaty
of (1739), xxin. 647.
BELHAVEN, Lord, on farming in East
Lothian, Scotland, I. 301.
BELIEF, in. 532; psychology of, xx.
83; in relation to theology, XXIII.
264; Jacobi's theory of, xin. 537.
BELINSKI, Russian critic, xxi. 108.
BELISARIUS, Byzantine general, in.
535; xin. 797; xvn. 233; xvin. 612;
XX. 782; African campaign of, xxiv.
59; Procopius's relations with, xix.
789.
BELIUS, Matthias, Hungarian historian,
in. 511.
BELIZE, town, British Honduras, in.
536; xn. 132.
BELKNAP, Jeremy, American writer,
in. 536.
BELL, and bell manufacture, in. 536;
IV. 366; of Moscow (Tsar-Kolokol),
xvi. 867 ; of Nara, Japan, xvn.
229.
, Alexander Graham, on telephony,
xxin. 127, 128, 130.
, Alexander Melville, his system
of shorthand, xxi. 840; on visible
speech, I. 608; vn. 9; xxn. 3,85.
, Andrew, English educationist, in.
539; vn. 678; educational system of,
xiv. 258.
-, Andrew, printer of first edition of
Encyclopaedia Britannica, vin. 200.
— , Sir Charles, English anatomist,
in. 540; XV. 817; his Anatomy of
Expression, I. 817; on physiognomy,
Xix. 5.
-, Currer, Ellis, and Acton (the
sisters Bronte), iv. 365.
— , George Joseph, Scottish jurist, in.
542.
-, Henry, Scottish mechanician, in.
542.
— , Henry Glassford, Scottish writer,
in. 542.
— , John, American politician, xxin.
772, 788.
— , John, Scottish anatomist and sur
geon, in. 543.
— , John, Scottish traveller, ill. 542.
— , Patrick, inventor of reaping ma
chine, I. 322.
— , Robert, editor of British poets, III.
543-
BELLA, suburb, Nicastro, Italy, xvn.
480.
— , Stefano de la, Italian engraver, III.
543-
BELLADONNA, plant, in. 543; xvn.
231; as poison, xix. 279.
— OIL, xvn. 744.
BELLAI, Guillaume du, French general
and writer, in. 543.
BELLAMAR, Caves of, Cuba, xv. 624.
BELLAMY, Jacobus, Dutch poet, in. 543;
xn. 96.
BELLARMINE, Robert F. R., cardinal,
in. 544; his relations with Galileo, X.
32-
BELLARY (Ballari), district and town,
India, in. 286.
BELLAY, or Bellai, Guillaume du,
French general and writer, in. 543.
— , Joachim du, French poet, in. 544;
xx. 841.
BELL-BIRD, of New Zealand, xn. 139
— , of Venezuela, xxiv. 139.
BELL-COT, in architecture, n. 461.
BELLEAU, Remy, French pastoral poet,
in. 545; xvin. 345; XX. 841.
BELLE- ISLE, Duke of, French marshal,
ix. 586.
BELLE-ISLE, Marquis of (Nicolas Fou-
quet, q.v.), French statesman, IX. 487.
BELLE-ISLE-EN-MER, island, west of
France, in. 545.
BELLENDEN, John, Scottish poet, in.
545; xxi. 541; his translation of
Boece's history, in. 850.
, William, French classical scholar,
in. 545.
BELLENZ (Bellinzona, q.v.), town, Switz
erland, in. 548.
BELLEROPHON, in Greek legend, in.
546; xvni. 468.
BELLES-LETTRES, Academies of, i. 73.
BELLEVILLE, town, Ontario, Canada,
xvn. 775.
, town, Illinois, U.S.A., III. 546.
BELLEY, town, France, in. 546.
BELLIGERENTS, in international law,
xin. 194.
BELLINGER, river, New South Wales,
xvn. 408.
BELLINGHAM, Sir Edward, viceroy of
Ireland, xin. 263.
, John, assassin of Spencer Perceval,
xvni. 521.
BELLINI, Gentile, Italian painter, in.
547; XXL 436; tutor of Titian, XXIII.
414.
, Giovanni, Italian painter, in. 547;
xxi. 436; tutor of Titian, xxn I. 414.
— , Jacopo, Italian painter, ill. 546;
xv. 501.
, Lorenzo, Italian anatomist and
physician, ill. 548.
-, Vincenzo, Italian musical composer,
in. 548; xvn. 99.
BELLINZONA, town, Switzerland, in.
548; xxn. 778; XXIIL 351.
BELLMAN, Carl Mikael, Swedish poet,
in. 549; xxn. 755.
BELL METAL, iv. 366.
BELLOMONT, Lord, English governor of
New York, xvn. 455.
BELLONA, in Roman mythology, in.
549-
BELLONIUS, Petrus (Belon, q.v.), French
naturalist, III. 553; on birds, xvni. 4.
BELLOT, Joseph Rene", French Arctic
explorer, ill. 549; xix. 321.
BELLOVACENSIS, Vincentius (Vincent of
Beauvais), mediaeval encyclopaedist,
vni. 192; xxiv. 235.
BELLOVACI, Gallic tribe, xvni. 286.
BELLOVESUS, founder of Milan, xvi.
292.
BELLOWS, in. 549; for organ, xvn. 836;
for smelting ores, XVI. 60.
BELL-RINGING, in. 538.
BELL ROCK LIGHTHOUSE, on Scottish
coast, xiv. 6 1 6.
BELL'S PALSY, disease, xvni. 257.
BELLU^E, Linnaean order of Mammalia,
xv. 421; xxiv. 805.
BELLUNO, town, Italy, in. 553.
, Duke of (C. P. Victor), French
marshal, xxiv. 213.
B E L— B E N
BELLY-FISH, in Java, xin. 606.
BELMONTE, river, Brazil, iv. 222.
BELON, Pierre, French, naturalist, in.
553; on birds, xvni. 4; on fishes,
XII. 631.
BELONE, genus of fishes, x. 80.
BELOOCHISTAN (Baluchistan), country,
Asia, in. 299.
BELPASSO, town, Sicily, in. 553.
BELPER, town, England, in. 553.
BELSHAM, Thomas, English Unitarian
writer, in. 553.
, William, English political writer,
»i- 553-
BELSHAZZAR, of Scripture, in. 188, 553.
BELT, mechanical connector, xv. 760.
, Great and Little, straits, Denmark,
in. 554-
BELTANE, or Beltein, Celtic festival,
in. 554.
BELTIRS, race of people, Kussia, xxi.
251.
BELUGA, cetacean mammal, xv. 398;
xxiv. 525; xix. 522.
BELUNUM (Belluno), ancient town,
Italy, in. 553.
BELVACENSIS, Vincentius (Vincent of
Beauvais), encyclopaedist, VIIL 192;
xxiv. 235.
BELVEDERE, town, Italy, in. 554.
STATUE, of Apollo, n. 186.
BELZONI, Giovanni Battista, explorer
of Egypt, in. 554.
BEM, Joseph, Polish general, XII. 372.
BEMA, in architecture, II. 461.
, Manichaean festival, XV. 485.
BEMBA, lake, Central Africa, xxiv. 763.
BEMBO, Pietro, cardinal, in. 554.
BEMBRIDGE, town, Isle of Wight,
England, xxiv. 562.
BENACUS (Garda), lake, Italy, x. 75.
BENARES, division, district, and town,
India, in. 554; xvn. 572; Ghoosla
Ghat, landing place at, n. 397.
BEN ATTOW, mountain, Scotland, XX.
854.
BENAVENTE, town, Spain, in. 556.
BENBECULA, island, Scotland, XL 607.
BENBOW, John, English admiral, III. 556.
BENBULBIN, mountain, Ireland, xxn.
159.
BENCH, legal term, in. 556.
BENCHERS, English lawyers, in. 556;
xiii. 87.
BENCOOLEN, town, Sumatra, in. 556;
residency, xxil. 639.
BEND, in heraldry, XL 695, 706.
, seaman's knot, xiv. 128; xxi. 590.
BENDALL, Cecil, on Nepalese chronology,
xvn. 344.
BENDER, town, Russia, in. 557; Charles
XII.'s residence at, V. 421.
BENDER-ABBASI (Bandar Abbas), town,
Persia, III. 557; xvm. 620, 627.
BENDER EREGLI, town, Asiatic Turkey,
XL 681.
BENDING MOMENT, in beams, iv. 290.
51
BEND-I-NUH (Noah's Hill), mountain,
Kurdistan, xiv. 156.
BENEDEK, Laid wig von, Austrian general,
in. 140.
BENEDICT, St, founder of order of
monks, in. 557; i. 11; xvi. 703; his
monastic rule, xvi. 704.
- I. -IV., popes, in. 558.
- V., pope, in. 558; xix. 497; XX.
789.
- VI., pope, in. 558; xx. 789.
- VII., pope, in. 558.
- VIIL, pope, in. 558; xx. 790.
IX., pope, in. 558; state of Rome
under, xx. 790.
— X., pope, in. 558; xvn. 484.
— XL, pope, in. 558.
— XII., pope, in. 558; xx. 799.
— XIII., pope, in. 558; xx. 803.
XIV., pope, in. 559; xix. 507;
his opposition to the Jesuits, XI II.
654.
BENEDICTINE MONASTERIES, i. u.
BENEDICTINES, or Benedictine order
of monks, III. 558; xvi. 704; in
England, VIIL 372; their libraries,
xiv. 513.
BENEDICTIONAL, church service book,
xiv. 710.
BENEDICTUS LEVITA, his collection of
church laws, v. 17.
BENEE- HASAN, Egypt, Sepulchral
grottoes at, vn. 774.
BENEE-SUWEYF, town, Egypt, vn.
774-
BENEFICE, Ecclesiastical, in. 559; origin
of the system, IX. 121; right of
presentation to, I. 179; xx. 158;
simony in regard to, xxn. 85 ;
vicarial, XXIV. 209; dilapidations of,1
vn. 239.
BENEFIT OF CLERGY, in law, v. 827;
VIIL 372.
BENEKE, Friedrich Eduard, German
philosopher, ill. 560.
BENEVENTO, town, Italy, in. 561.
, Prince of (Talleyrand), French
statesman, XXIIL 29.
BENEVENTUM (Benevento), ancient
town, Italy, III. 561; XXI. 249; battle
of (275), xx. 744.
BENEVOLENCE, in phrenology, xvni.
845-
, Universal, Cumberland's theory of
vi. 702.
BENEVOLENCES, enforced loans, ix. 177.
BENFEY, Theodor, German philologist,
xvni. 781; xin. 682.
BENGAL, lieutenant -governorship, India,
ill. 562; early British connexion with,
xn. 799; army of, II. 590.
BENGALEE ERA, ^719.
BENGALI LANGUAGE, Dictionaries of
vii. 190.
BENGAL LIGHT, in pyrotechny, xx.
136-
BENGAWAN, river, Java, xin. 601.
52
B E N — B E R
BENGAZI, town, North Africa, in. 571;
xxni. 575.
BENGEL, John Albert, German Biblical
scholar, ill. 571.
BEN GERSON, Levi, Jewish philosopher,
x. 550.
BENGHAZI, town, Tripoli, Africa, ill.
571; xxm. 575.
BENGUELA, country, West Africa, in.
572.
BENHADAD, king of Damascus, xin.
406.
BEN HOPE, mountain, Scotland, xxn.
726.
BENI, department, Bolivia, iv. 10.
BENICARLO, town, Spain, in. 572.
BENI ISRAEL, Jewish settlement, Bom
bay, xin. 685.
BENIN, country, West Africa, in. 572.
BENINCASA, Catherine (St Catherine
of Siena), v. 229; xxn. 43.
BENJAMIN, of Scripture, in. 573.
of Tudela, Jewish rabbi, in.
573-
BEN KLIBRECK, mountain, Scotland,
xxn. 726.
BENKULEN (Bencoolen), town, Sumatra,
in. 556; xxii. 639.
BEN LAWERS, mountain, Scotland,
xviii. 666.
BEN LOMOND, mountain, Scotland,
xxn. 553.
BEN LOMOND, mountain, Tasmania,
xxni. 73.
BEN MORE, mountain, Scotland, xvm.
666.
BENMORE ASSYNT, mountain, Scotland,
xxn. 726.
BEN MUICHDHUI, mountain, Scotland,
1-43-
BENNET, Henry, earl of Arlington,
English statesman, in. 573.
BENNETTS ELECTROSCOPE, vin. 118.
BENNETT, James Gordon, American
journalist, in. 574; xvii. 434.
, John Hughes, English physio
logist, in. 574.
, Sir William Sterndale, English
musical composer, in. 574; XVII. 97.
BENNEVILLE, George de, American
Universalist, xxni. 831.
BEN NEVIS, mountain, Scotland, xin.
199.
BENNINGTON, town, Vermont, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 167.
BENNU, Egyptian phoenix, xvm. 811.
BEN NUT, xvii. 664; oil of, xvii. 744.
BENOIT DE SAINTE-MORE, French
writer, XIII. 499; XX. 638.
BENOZZO GOZZOLI, Italian painter, IX.
773; XL 24; xxi. 435.
BENSERADE, Isaac de, French poet, in.
575-
BEN SLIOCH, mountain, Scotland, XX.
854.
BENSON, George, English divine, ill.
575-
BENTENG, town, Indian Archipelago,
XXI. 210.
BENTHAM, George, on plant classifica
tion, iv. 8 1.
— , Jeremy, English writer on politics
and jurisprudence, III. 575; on codi
fication of law, VI. 1 06; his ethical
system, vin. 606; on prison discipline,
XIX. 748; promoter of savings banks,
xxi. 32 7; on Smith's Wealth of Nations,
xix. 370; his relations with Dumont,
VII. 529.
BENTINCK, William, first earl of Port
land, English diplomatist, xix. 530.
— , Lord William, governor-general of
India, xn. 806.
, Lord William George F. C., English
statesman, in. 577.
— , WiUiam H. C., third duke of Port
land, English statesman, XIX. 530.
BENTIVOGLIO, Giovanni, Bolognese
statesman, ill. 577.
, Guido, cardinal, ill. 577.
BENTLEY, Eichard, English scholar, in.
578; on the ^Esopian fables, in. 181;
his controversies with Conyers Mid-
dleton, xvi. 282; on the Letters of
Phalaris, XVIII. 730.
BENTON, Thomas Hart, American poli
tician, xxni. 764, 788.
BENUA, race of people, Malay Peninsula,
xv. 323.
BENUE, river, Africa, I. 253; XVII. 496.
BENVOGLIENTI, Ulberto, Sienese his
torian, xxn. 43.
BEN VOIRLICH, mountain, Scotland,
xvin. 666.
BEN WYVIS, mountain, Scotland, xx.
854.
BEN Y GLOE, mountain, Scotland, xvm.
666.
BENZENE, in chemistry, xxni. 59; v.
560.
BENZERT (Bizerta), town, Tunis, Africa,
in. 794; xxni. 620.
BENZOIC ACID, in chemistry, in. 580.
BENZOIN, gum, in. 581; xxii. 639; as
incense, XII. 718.
BENZOL, in chemistry, xxni. 59; xvm.
237-
BENZOYL, in chemistry, xxiv. 626.
BEOWULF, Anglo-Saxon poem, vin. 403,
404; xx. 657.
BERANGER, Jean Pierre, Swiss historian,
xxn. 799.
— , Pierre Jean de, French poet, in.
581; IX. 675.
BERAPI, mountain, Sumatra, XXII. 638.
BERAR, province, India, in. 582.
BERARD, Frederic, French physician,
in. 584.
BERARDI, Angelo, Italian musician,
xvn. 87.
BERARDIUS, genus of Cetacea, xv. 397.
BERAUNA, tribe, Fezzan, Africa, IX.
130.
BERAUNITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
BERBER, town, Egypt, in. 584; xvn.
507.
BERBERA, town, Eastern Africa, in. 584.
BERBERINES, people, Nubia, i. 260.
BERBER LANGUAGE, xvm. 778; its
relation to Semitic, XXI. 643; diction
aries of, vii. 192.
BERBERS, people, North Africa, i. 261;
xxi. 151; xin. 814; xxn. 278; of
Algeria, I. 564; of Morocco, xvi. 834;
in Spain, xxii. 310; of Tunis, xxm.
620.
BERBICE, county, British Guiana, xi.
249; river, xi. 250.
BERCEO, Gonzalo de, Spanish poet, x.
773; xxn. 353.
BERCHEM, or Berghem, Nicholas,
Dutch painter, m. 584.
BERCHORIUS, Petrus, French Biblical
encyclopaedist, vin. 193.
BERCHTESGADEN, or Berchtolsgaden,
town, Bavaria, in. 584.
BERDIANSK, town, Russia, in. 584;
xxm. 83.
BERDICHEFF, town, Russian Poland, in.
585.
BERDYANSK (Berdiansk), town, Russia,
m. 584; xxm. 83.
BERE, cereal, ill. 376; culture of, I. 359.
BEREA (Berrhoea), ancient town, Mace
donia, xv. 137.
BEREANS, or Barclayites, Scottish sect,
in. 369.
BEREKE KHAN, Mongol ruler, xvi. 746.
BERENGAR I., III., IV., counts of Cata
lonia, xxii. 311.
II., king of Italy, X. 483; xm. 468;
w *?QQ
XX. 700.
BERENGARIA, wife of Richard Cceur de
Lion, king of England, xx. 540.
BERENGARIUS, of Tours, theologian and
scholastic philosopher, m. 585; xxi.
421; his connexion with Lanfranc,
xiv. 283.
BERENGELITE, mineral, xvi. 428.
BERENGER, James, of Carpi, Italian
anatomist, I. 806.
BERENICE, daughter of Agrippa I. of
Judaea, in. 586; her relations with
Titus, xxm. 420.
-, wife of Ptolemy Euergetes of
Egypt, III. 586.
— , town, Red Sea, m. 586.
BERENICE, Racine's drama, xx. 206.
BERESFORD, Marshal, English envoy in
Portugal, xix. 551.
BEREZINA, river, Russia, in. 586; xxiv.
233-
BEREZOFF,town, Siberia, m. 587; xxm.
430-
BERG, duchy, Germany, in. 587.
BERGAMO, town, Asia Minor, xvm.
528.
-, province, Italy, m. 587.
, town, Italy, in. 587; church of
Sta Maria Maggioreat, n. 456; pictures
in, XXI. 447.
B E R — B E R
53
BERGAMOT, Oil of, in. 587.
BERGANDER, bird, xxi. 788.
BERGEDORF, town, Germany, xi. 404;
xv. 33.
BERGEN, town, Norway, in. 588; xvn.
582.
, town, Riigen, Germany, XXI. 57.
, Charles Auguste de, anatomist, I.
814.
BERGEN-OP-ZOOM, town, Holland, III.
<• QO
500.
BERGERAC, town, France, in. 588.
, Cyrano de, on travelling to the
moon, I. 1 86.
BERGERITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
BERGHEM, Nicholas, Dutch painter, in.
584.
BERGHOLZ, mineral, xvi. 425.
BERGISCH-GLADBACH, town, Prussia, x.
631.
BERGMANN, or Bergman, Torbern Olof,
Swedish chemist and naturalist, ill.
588; v. 463; xxn. 756; on alum, I.
643; on crystals, VI. 673; on the
transit of Venus, II. 791.
BERGOMUM (Bergamo), ancient town,
Italy, in. 587.
BERGUES, town, France, xvii. 535.
BERING, Vitus (Behring), Danish Arctic
explorer, in. 510; xix. 318.
BERKELEY, town, England, in. 589.
— , West Virginia, U.S.A., mineral
water of, xvi. 436.
-, George, bishop of Cloyne, philo
sopher, ill. 589; on mental association,
ii. 731; on the existence of God, n.
192; his philosophy in relation to
Collier's, VI. 144; his view of psycho
logy, XX. 38; as economist, XIX. 364;
his place in English literature, VIII.
428.
, Lord John, grantee of New Jersey,
U.S.A., xvii. 398.
BERKENHOUT, John, on British birds,
xvin. 9.
BERKHAMPSTEAD, Great, town, Eng
land, in. 591.
BERKSHIRE, county, England, in. 592;
ancient monuments of, XXI. 5 1 ; popu
lation and representation, XXIII. 727.
- HOG, I. 400.
BERLIN, capital of Prussia, in. 593 ;
xx. 16; treaty of (1879), xxin. 652;
academy of sciences, I. 71 ; bourse, XXII.
557; libraries, xiv. 526, 546; news
papers, xvn. 428; observatory, xvn.
712; picture gallery, xxi. 445; porce
lain, xix. 640; sculptures, XXI. 566;
university, xxin. 848.
NEEDLE; WORK, VIII. 162.
BERLINER, Emile, telephonic inven
tor, xxin. 129.
BERLIOZ, Hector, French musical com
poser, in. 598.
BERM, in fortification, IX. 428, 429.
BERMUDAS, islands, Atlantic Ocean, in.
599) *8; Berkeley's proposed college
at, in. 590; birds of, ill. 753; floating
dock in, vil. 318.
BERMUDEZ, state, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
BERMUDO II., king of Leon, xxn. 311;
xix. 539.
III., of Leon, xxn. 312.
BERN, or Berne, canton, Switzerland,
in. 600; xxn. 778, 784, 790; town, in.
600; xxn. 778; university, xxin. 851.
BERNACLE-GOOSE, X. 778.
BERNADOTTE, Jean Baptiste Jules,
French general and king of Sweden,
in. 601; xxn. 752; in coalition against
Napoleon (1813), xvn. 220.
BERNAM, river, Malay Peninsula, xv.
321.
BERNARD, St, of Clairvaux, mediaeval
philosopher and theologian, in. 601; I.
35; IX. 539; xix. 500; xxi. 425;
hymns by, XII. 584; mystical teaching
of, xvn. 131.
of Chartres, scholastic philosopher,
xxi. 423.
of Saxe-Weimar, general, IX. 569.
of Trevisa, his chemical experi
ments, I. 465.
-, James, Dutch divine, in. 603.
, Jeanne Frangoise Julie Adelaide
(Madame Re'camier), xx. 309.
— , Simon, French general, in. 603.
BERNARDES, Diogo, Portuguese poet,
xix. 556.
BERNARDIN, St, of Siena, in. 603.
DE SAINT-PIERRE, French writer,
xxi. 195; ix. 666.
BERNARDINO DI BETTI (Pinturicchio),
Italian painter, XIX. 108; XXI. 436.
BERN ART, of Ventadour, Proven§al poet,
xix. 874.
BERNAT DES CLOT, Catalan chronicler,
xxn. 363.
BERNAT DES COLL, Catalan chronicler,
xxn. 364.
BERNAUER, Agnes, killed at Straubing,
xxn. 591.
BERNAY, town, France, in. 603.
BERNAYS, Jacob, classical scholar, xni.
682.
BERNBURG, town, Germany, in. 604.
BERNEC, Peter, Spanish metal-worker,
xix. 184; xxi. 567.
BERNERS, Lord (Bourchier), English
writer, iv. 174.
, Juliana, English writer on field-
sports, ill. 604.
BERNESE ALPS, i. 625.
BERNESQUE POETRY, in Italian litera
ture, xni. 510.
BERNI, Francesco, Italian poet, in. 604;
xni. 510.
BERNICIA, district, Celtic Britain, v.
301; kingdom of, vni. 270; xvn.
568.
BERNINA PASS, North Italy, xxiv. 45.
BERNINI, Giovanni Lorenzo, Italian
architect and sculptor, in. 604; xx.
836; xxi. 570.
BERNIS, Abbe, adviser of Madame de
Pompadour, ix. 587, 589; xix. 443.
BERNOULLI (or Bernouilli), family of
mathematicians and scientists, ill. 604.
, Daniel, his theory of the motion
of fluids, in. 606; XII. 437, 466; his
theory of musical pipes, I. 114; on
tides, xxin. 355.
— , James, mathematician (d. 1705), in.
604; on probability, XIX. 769, 772.
— , James (d. 1789), ill. 607.
— , John (d. 1748), III. 605; his hy
pothesis of perpetual motion, xvin.
555; his contributions to trigonometry,
XXlll. 562; his problems solved by
Newton, xvn. 446.
— , John (d. 1790), in. 607.
— , John (d. 1807), in. 607.
— , Nicholas (d. 1726), in. 606.
-, Nicholas (d. 1759), in. 607.
BERNOULLI AN NUMBERS, Tables of,
xxin. 14.
BERNSTORFF, family of Danish states
men, VIL 87.
BERN WARD, bishop of Hildesheim,
niello-worker, XVII. 494.
BEROZA (Aleppo), ancient town, Syria, I.
478.
BEROID^E, family of Actinozoa, I. 132.
BEROSUS, Chaldsean historian and chron-
ologist, in. 607; v. 710; xv. 144;
XVlll. 561; on Babylonian cosmogony,
VI. 446; on Deluge legends, vil. 54.
BEROZOVKA, town, Russia, xxin. 717.
BERRI, Due de, son of Charles X. of
France, in. 608; murder of, ix. 619.
, Duchesse de, in. 608.
BERRIDGE, John, hymns by, xii. 594.
BERRIO, Spanish writer of comedias,
xxn. 356.
BERRUGUETE, Alonso, Spanish sculptor,
xxi. 567.
BERRY, form of fruit, iv. 151.
BERRYER, Pierre Antoine, French
advocate and orator, in. 608.
BERTAUT, Fran9oise (Madame de Motte-
ville), xvii. 4.
BERTHARIUS, abbot of Monte Cassino,
xxin. 832.
BERTHELOT, Pierre M., his researches
on carbon, v. 86.
BERTHIERINE, mineral, xvi. 415.
BERTHIERITE, mineral, xvi. 394.
BERTHOLD, Arnold A., on the sternum
of birds, XVIII. 22.
BERTHOLLET, Claude Louis, French
chemist, in. 609; v. 464.
BERTHOUD (Burgdorf), town, Switzer
land, iv. 532.
, Ferdinand, Swiss chronometer-
maker, ill. 609.
BERTIN, Louis F., French journalist,
xvn. 425.
, St, abbey of, St Omer, France,
xxi. 1 88.
BERTINORO, town, Italy, in. 610.
BERTOLDO, Italian jester, ix. 367.
B E R — B H A
BERTRAND DE GOTH (Pope Clement
V.), v. 821; ix. 544; xix. 501.
BERTRAN DE BORN, Provencal poet,
xix. 874.
BERUSH (Dob Beer), Jewish sectarian
leader, xin. 68 1.
BERVIE, village, Scotland, xiv. 79.
BERWICK (Berwick-upon-Tweed, q.v.\
town, England, in. 610.
, Duke of, marshal of France, ill.
610; ix. 582.
BERWICKSHIRE, county, Scotland, in.
612; area and population, XXI. 528;
representation, xxill. 727.
BERWICK-UPON-TWEED, town, Eng
land, in. 610; xvn. 567; in time of
Alexander III. of Scotland, xxi. 486.
BERYL, mineral and precious stone, in.
613; xvi. 418.
BERYLLIUM, or Glucinum, chemical ele
ment, v. 526; x. 693; spectrum of,
xxn. 376.
BERYTUS, town, Phoenicia, xvni. 804.
BERZELINITE, mineral, xvi. 392.
BERZELITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
BERZELIUS, Jons Jakob, Swedish chem
ist, in. 614; xxii. 758; on atomic
weights, V. 465; on the blowpipe, III.
837 ; on fermentation, IX. 94 ; on
uranium, xxiv. 7.
BERZSENYI, Daniel, Hungarian poet,
xn. 377.
BES, Egyptian god, in. 614.
BESALU, district, Roussillon, France,
xxi. 28.
BESANCON, town, France, in. 614.
BESAYA, pass of, Spain, xxn. 293.
BESCHI, Joseph, Italian Jesuit, East
Indian missionary, xxin. 44.
BESEKE, J. M. G., on birds, xvni. 8.
BESHT (Israel Baal Shem), Jewish sec
tarian leader, xin. 68 1.
BESH-TARYK, town, Turkestan, xxiv.
728.
BESHTAU MOUNTAINS, Caucasia,
Russia, xxn. 472.
BESKOW, Baron von, Swedish dramatist,
in. 615.
BESSARABIA, government, Russia, in.
615; xxi. 69.
BESSARION, Johannes, cardinal, in. 616.
BESSEGES, town, France, in. 616.
BESSEL, Friedrich Wilhelm, Prussian
astronomer, in. 616; on measuring
arc of meridian, vn. 598.
BESSEL'S FUNCTIONS, Table of,xxin. 14.
BESSEMER METAL, xin. 284.
BESSEMER PROCESS, of steel-making,
xin. 332; spectrum of flame in, xxn.
377-
BESSLER, Orffyreus, on perpetual mo
tion, xvni. 554.
BESSUS, satrap of Bactria, betrayer of
Darius III., XVIII. 582; n. 641.
BESTIARY, book of allegories, xix. 6.
BESTUZHEFF-RIUMIN, Prof., Russian
historian, XXI. 108.
BESUKI, town, Java, xin. 606.
BETCHUANA, tribe, South Africa, in.
478; xvn. 319; xxin. 468, 518.
BETEL-LEAF, spice, India, xn. 748.
BETEL NUT, in. 616; xvn. 664.
BETHANY, town, Palestine, in. 617.
BETHEL, town, Palestine, in. 617.
BETHELL, Richard, Lord Westbury,
lord chancellor of England, xxiv.
506.
BETHENCOURT, Jean de, his conquest
of the Canary Islands, iv. 795.
BETHESDA, pool near Jerusalem, in.
617; xin. 638.
-, Wisconsin, U.S.A., mineral water
of, xvi. 436.
BETHLEHEM, town, Palestine, in. 617;
Church of the Nativity at, ill. 418.
BETHLEN, Gabriel, governor of Transyl
vania, xn. 369.
BETHUNE, town, France, in. 617;
xvni. 340.
-, Maximilien de, duke of Sully,
French statesman, xxn. 633.
BETLIS, town, Armenia, in. 617.
BETSIBOKA, river, Madagascar, xv. 169.
BETSILEO, district and tribe, Mada
gascar, xv. 1 68, 171.
BETSIMISARAKA, tribe, Madagascar, xv.
171.
BETTERTON, Thomas, English actor and
dramatist, in. 617.
BETTI, Bernardino di (Pinturicchio),
Italian painter, xix. 108.
BETTINELLI, Saverio, Italian writer, in.
618.
BETTING, in. 618; law relating to,
x. 66; xxiv. 305.
BETTONGIA, genus of marsupial mam
mals, xni. 840.
BETTS COVE, copper mine, Newfound
land, xvn. 384.
BETUL, district, India, in. 619.
BETWA, river, India, in. 620; xvn.
572.
BEUDANITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
BEUDANT, Francois Sulpice, French
mineralogist, in. 620.
BEULE, Charles Ernest, French arcli£eo-
logist, in. 620.
BEURBACH, George, Austrian astro
nomer, ii. 751.
BEUST, Baron, Saxon and Austrian
statesman, in. 141; xxi. 356.
BEUTHEN, town, Germany, in. 621;
xxn. 53.
— , Nieder, town, Germany, in. 621.
BEVEL-WHEELS, in - mechanics, xv.
759-
BEVERLEY, town, England, in. 621;
xxiv. 748.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., in.
621.
, town, Western Australia, xxiv.
508.
-, John of, archbishop of York, III.
621.
BEVIS OF HAMPTON, Romance of, xx
653.
BEVOIBETTA, mountain, India, xvn.
509.
BEWDLEY, town, England, in. 621;
xxiv. 666.
BEWICK, Thomas, English wood-
engraver, in. 621; vin. 438; his
History of British Birds, xvni. 10,
14, 18.
BEX, France, mineral water of, xvi.
434-
BEY, sovereign of Tunis, xxin. 621.
BEYBARS, Mameluke sultan of Egypt,
vn. 755; xvn. 301; xxin. 162.
BEYLA, town, Baluchistan, in. 511.
BEYLE, Marie Henri (De Stendhal),
French writer, in. 621.
BEYNEN, Koolenians, Dutch northern
explorer, xix. 325.
BEYROUT, town, Syria, in. 622; com
merce of, xxin. 655.
BEZA, Theodore, French scholar, in.
623.
BEZ^, CODEX, i. 123; xvni. 148.
BEZANOZANO, tribe, Madagascar, xv.
171.
BEZETHA, hill, Jerusalem, xni. 638.
BEZIERS, town, France, in. 625.
BEZIQUE, game, in. 625.
BEZIRK, Prussian administrative divi
sion, xx. 1 8.
BEZWARA, town, India, xiv. 103.
BHABAR, district, India, XL 824.
BHADAR, river, India, xiv. 15.
BHAGALPUR, district and town, India,
in. 626.
BHAGATS, in Hindi literature, XL
844-
BHAKTAMALA (Roll of the Bhagats),
Hindu work, XL 846.
BHAMO, town, Burmah, in. 627.
BHANDARA, district and town, India,
in. 627.
BHANG, Indian hemp, and narcotic
drug from it, in. 627; XL 648; xvn.
231.
BHARAICH, district, India, in. 628.
BHARS, non -Aryan race, India, xn.
791.
BHARTPUR, or Bhurtpore, native state,
India, in. 628; xx. 260.
, town, in. 629; siege of (1826),
in. 628; xn. 805, 806.
BHARUCH (Broach), district and town,
India, IV. 356.
BHASCARA ACHARYA, Oriental alge
braist, i. 517.
BHATGAON, town, Nepal, India, in.
629; xvn. 342.
BHATIANA, district, India, in. 629.
BHATNIAR (Bhattis), people, India, in.
629; xx. 1 10.
BHATTA-NARAYANA, Hindu dramatist,
xxi. 286.
BHATTIS, people, India, in. 629; xx.
no.
B H A — B I G
55
BHAVABHUTI, Hindu dramatist, xxi.
286.
BHAWALPUR, state, India, in. 630.
BHAYACHARA, land tenure, in North
Western Provinces, India, xvil. 573.
BHER, tree, xxn. 60.
BHERA, town, India, xxi. 735.
BHIL, British political agency, India, in.
630.
BHi-LENG, river, Burmah, xxi. 239.
BHILS, people, India, in. 630; xn. 791;
xv. 346.
BHILSA (Bilsa), town, India, in. 678.
BHIWANDI, town, India, xxin. 221.
BHOGDABARI, town, India, xx. 272.
BHONSLA RAJAHS, Mahratta rulers,
India, xv. 292.
BHOPAL, state, India, in. 630.
BHOT, district, Tibet, xxin. 338.
BHOTAN (Bhutan), state, India, in. 631;
xi. 822.
BHOTIA Kosi, district, Tibet, xxin.
34i-
BHOTIYAS, Nepalese race, India, xvn.
34i-
BHUJ, town, Cutch, India, vi. 731.
BHURTPORE (Bliartpur, g.-y.), state and
town, India, in. 628.
BHUTAN, state, India, in. 631; XL 822.
BHUTIAS, people of Bhutan, India, in.
631-
BHUTTEEANA (Bhatiana), district, India,
in. 629.
BIAFARES, people, Senegambia, West
Africa, xxi. 662.
BIAFRA, country, West Africa, ill. 633.
BIAMRILLAHI, Hakim, founder of the
sect of the Druses, vii. 484, 751; XL
378.
BIANCA CAPPELLO, wife of Francesco I.
of Tuscany, xv. 791.
BIANCHI, political party, Florence, ix.
334-
BIANCHINI, Francis, Italian astronomer,
in. 633.
, Ludovico, Italian economist, XIX.
387.
BlANCHl'S AlR-PUMP, XIX. 246.
BIANDRATA, Giorgio, physician and
Antitrinitarian, xxn. 230; xxin. 725.
BIAS, river, India, in. 633; xiv. 154; xx.
107.
of Priene, one of the seven sages
of Greece, in. 633.
BIATA, town, Russian Poland, xxn. 37.
B I BARS (Bey bars), Mameluke sultan of
Egypt, vii. 755; xxin. 162; Nawawi
resists him, xvn. 301.
BIBERACH, town, Wiirtemberg, in. 633.
BIBIRINE, vegetable alkaloid, in. 633.
BIBIRU, or Greenheart, tree, in. 633;
XL 165.
BIBLE, The, in. 634; inspiration of, xni.
154; interpretation of, XL 741; its re
lation to Christianity, v. 690; to the
Koran, xvi. 600; circulation of, in.
649 ; decrees respecting, at council of
Trent, XXIII. 546; monopoly of print
ing of, in. 650; Reiniarus's view of,
XX. 353; American-Indian translation,
vin. 137; Armenian version, II. 550;
English, vin. 381; the Bishops', vin.
388; Coverdale's English translation,
vi. 531; Geneva version, vin. 387;
Tyndale's English version, xxin. 675;
Wy cliff e's, xxiv. 710; Ethiopic version,
vin. 613; Diodati's Italian translation,
vn. 245; Luther's German, xv. 76;
Ulfila's Gothic, X. 852; Polish, xix.
301; Septuagint version, xxi. 667;
Syriac versions, xxil. 824; Polyglott
versions, xix. 417; Antwerp Polyglott,
II. 501; Complutensian Polyglott, xni.
694; Plantin's Polyglott, xix. 177;
Walton's Polyglott, xxiv. 341.
BIBLE CHRISTIANS, Methodist church,
xvi. 192.
BIBLE CHRISTIANS, Temperance Society
of, xxin. 159.
BIBLE GLOSSES, x. 687.
BIBLE SOCIETIES, in. 649.
BIBLIA PAUPERUM, in. 653; xxin.
682.
BIBLICAL CRITICISM, Baur's contribu
tions to, in. 448; Bleek's, in. 824; De
Wette's, vn. 114; xvni. 505; Ewald's,
vin. 775; Hupfeld's, xn. 399; xvni.
506; Morinus's, XVI. 824; Origen's,
xvn. 840; R, Simon's, XXIL 83;
Spinoza on, XXIL 402.
BIBLICAL THEOLOGY, xxin. 239, 264,
275.
BIBLIOGRAPHY, in. 651; De Morgan's
works on, vn. 67; Dibdin's, vn. 172;
of Shakespeare literature, XXI. 768.
BIBLIOMANIA, in. 655.
— , Dibdin's, in. 655; vn. 172.
BlBLIOPEGY, bookbinding, IV. 42.
BIBLIOTECA VATICANA, Rome, xiv.
528, 548.
BIBLIOTHECA, Apollodorus's work, I.
499; II. 186.
— , Photius's work, xvni. 819.
CLASSICA, series of works, xiv. 856.
BlBLIOTHEQUE NATIONALS, Paris, XIV.
524.
BIBRON, G., on reptiles, XX. 437.
BIBULUS, Lucius Calpurnius, Roman
general, in. 664.
, Marcus Calpurnius, Roman consul,
in. 664.
BICANEER (Bikanir), state, India, in.
670; xx. 260.
BICARBONATE OF SODA, xxn. 241.
BICHAT, Marie Frangois Xavier, French
anatomist, in. 664; xv. 815; his de
scriptive anatomy, I. 816.
BICHO DE PE, or Chigoe, insect, ix. 301.
BlCKFORD, on the construction of
water meadows, Xin. 365.
BICYCLE, in. 665; records of its speed,
xxin. 560.
BIDA, town, Soudan, Africa, in. 665;
xxn. 279.
BIDASOA, river, Spain, xvn. 249.
BIDDELLIANS, English Unitarian sect,
in. 666.
BIDDLE, or Bidle, John, English
Unitarian, ill. 665; xxin. 726.
BIDEFORD, town, England, ill. 666.
, Gerard de, grand-master of Knights
Templars, xxin. 161.
BIDLE, John, English Unitarian, in. 665 ;
xxin. 726.
BIDONE, Giorgio, his experiments on
waves and running water, XII. 438.
BIDPAI, Hindu fabulist, ill. 666.
BIDRI, ornamentation, Xin. 81; XVII.
495-
BIEBERITE, mineral, xvi. 401.
BIEL (Bienne), town, Switzerland, ill.
666; xxn. 779.
— , Gabriel, German scholastic philo
sopher, in. 666; xxi. 431.
BIELA'S COMET, vi. 192; xvi. in.
BiELAU, village, Prussia, ill. 666.
BIELAYA TSERKOV, town, Russia, in.
667.
BIELEFELD, town, Westphalia, in. 667.
BIELEFF, or Byeleff, town, Russia, ill.
667; xxin. 605.
BIELGOROD, town, Russia, in. 667.
BIELITZ, town, Austria, in. 667.
BIELLA, town, Italy, ill. 667.
BIELOPOLI, town, Russia, in. 668.
BIELORUSSES, or White Russians, XXI.
79-
BIELOSTOK, town, Russia, in. 668.
BlELSKl, Martin, Polish writer, XIX.
301.
BIENHOA, town, Cochin China, in. 668.
BIENNE (Biel), lake, Switzerland, xiv.
218; xvn. 361; xxn. 777.
— , river, Jura, France, Xin. 782.
— (Biel), town, Switzerland, in. 666;
xxn. 779.
BIEQUES ISLAND, West Indies, xxiv.
261.
BIEVRE, stream, Paris, xvni. 274.
BlEZHETZ, or Byezhetsk, town, Russia,
in. 668; xxni. 672.
BlGA, Roman chariot, v. 401.
, province, Asiatic Turkey, xxin.
653-
BIGAMY, in. 668.
BIGARADE, bitter orange, xvn. 810.
BIG BEN, bell at Westminster, England,
in. 539.
BlGG, cereal, III. 376; culture of, I. 359;
in malting, IV. 269.
BIGGAR, town, Scotland, xiv. 251.
BlGHINl, or Fratricelli, mediaeval sect,
IX. 725; in. 507.
BIGHORN, American mountain sheep,
xxi. 785.
BIG HORN MOUNTAINS, Rocky Moun
tains, U.S.A., xxin. 797; xxiv. 713.
BIGHT OF BENIN, West Africa, in.
572.
BIGHT OF BIAFRA, West Africa, in.
623.
B I G— B I R
BIGIO, Francia, Florentine artist, his
relations Avith Sarto, XXI. 315.
BIGLOW PAPERS, by Lowell, I. 728, 734.
BlGNON, Jerome, French lawyer, in.
669.
BlGORDl, Domenico (Ghirlandajo),
Italian painter, x. 567; XXI. 435.
BlGORRE, Bagneres de, town, France,
in. 235.
BlGOTlERE, Seigneur de la, French
mathematician, xxiv. 224.
BIHARI LAL, Hindi writer, XI. 846.
BlHSUTUN (Behistun), Persia, rock in
scriptions at, ill. 509; xvin. 567.
BIJAINAGAR, ancient town, India, ill.
669.
BljAPUR, state and town, India, III.
669.
BIJNAUR, district and town, India, in.
670.
BlJNS, Anna, Dutch poetess, xil. 92.
BIKANIR, state, India, in. 670; xx.
260.
BlLASPUR, district, India, ill. 670;
town, in. 671 ; Xin. 823.
BlLAUR, tract of country, Afghanistan,
xm. 821.
BILBAO, town, Spain, in. 672.
BILBERRY, plant, xxiv. 556.
BILBOA (Bilbao), town, Spain, ill. 672.
BILBOES, The, torture, XXIII. 465.
BILDERDIJK, Willem, Dutch poet, xn.
96.
BILE, in physiology, XVII. 674, 675.
DUCT, in anatomy, vil. 231.
BILFINGER, George Bernhard, German
philosopher and administrator, 111.672.
BILGE- KEELS, in ships, xxi. 813.
BILHARZIA HTEMATOBIA, human para
site, xxin. 540.
BILIKH, affluent of Euphrates, vm.
669.
BlLlKTU KHAN, Mongol ruler, XVI.
743-
BILIN, Bohemia, mineral water of, xvi.
435-
BILINI, Eussian popular tales, xxi.
IO2, IO7, 109.
BILIOUS ATTACK, gastric catarrh, xxn.
574-
BILIOUS FEVER, in the horse, xxiv.
203.
BILL, in parliament, ill. 673; xvin. 313.
IN CHANCERY, in. 674.
— OF EXCHANGE, in. 673; vin.
784, 795; discounting of, III. 329.
OF LADING, in. 674.
— OF RIGHTS, English (1689), xx.
555-
OF SALE, in. 674; xxi. 207;
registration of, xx. 343.
BILL-COCK, bird, xx. 223.
BILLETING, in. 674.
BILLETS D' ETAT, of Law's Banque
General, xiv. 367.
BILLIARDS, game, in. 674; balls for,
xni. 524.
BILLING, Hermann, duke of Saxony,
xxi. 352.
BILLINGSGATE MARKET, London, xiv.
829.
BILLITON, island, Indian Archipelago,
in. 677.
BILLON, base metal, xvn. 630.
BILLS OF MORTALITY, xxn. 462; of
London, xiv. 820.
BILMA, oasis and town, Africa, in. 678;
xvn. 695.
BILSA, town, India, in. 678.
BILSTON, or Bilsreton, town, England,
ill. 678.
BlLUCHiS, race of people, Baluchistan,
I. 235.
BIMA, state, Sumbawa, Indian Archi
pelago, xxii. 641.
BIMANA, Cuvierian order of Mammalia,
xv. 444.
BIMETALLISM, system of currency, xvi.
736; xxii. 73.
BINA, river, India, xxi. 146.
BINALUND MOUNTAINS, Transcaspian
Region, Russia, xxm. 511.
BINCK, JACOB, Danish wood-engraver,
vm. 437-
BINDING, of books, iv. 41; xiv. 538.
BINGEMMA HILLS, Malta, xv. 340.
BiNGEN, town, Germany, in. 678.
BlNGHAM, Joseph, English scholar, in.
678.
BINGLEY, town, England, in. 678.
BlNIANA (Baena), ancient town, Spain,
in. 229.
BINNEY, Thomas, English preacher, ill.
678.
BlNNlTE, mineral, xvi. 394.
BINOCULAR MICROSCOPE, xvi. 272.
BINOMIAL THEOREM, in algebra, i. 555;
table of coefficients, xxin. 13.
BlNTANG, island, Indian Archipelago,
in. 679; xv. 321.
BINTURONG, carnivorous mammal, xv.
436.
BiNUE, river, confluent of Niger, Africa,
XVII. 497; XXII. 248, 277.
BIOBIO, river, Chili, v. 617.
BIOGENESIS, in biology, I. 49; in. 689.
BIOGENETIC LAW, Haeckel's, xx. 422.
BIOLOGY, in. 679; divisions of, xxiv.
799; evolution in, VIII. 744; in relation
to morphology, XVI. 841 ; to physiology,
XIX. 8; to zoology, XXIV. 799.
BION, Greek poet, in. 696.
BIONOMICS, in zoology, xxiv. 817.
BiOSCHI (Fratricelli), mediaeval sect, IX.
725.
BlOT, Jean Baptiste, French physicist,
in. 696; I. 194; his investigations in
electricity, vm. 9.
BlOTlTE, mineral, XVI. 412.
BlR, town, Asiatic Turkey, in. 697.
BlRAN, F. P. G. Maine de, French
philosopher, XV. 302.
BIRARA (New Britain), island, South
Pacific, xvn. 372.
BlRARS, Tungus tribe, Siberia, XXIII.
608.
BIRBHUM, district and town, India, in.
697.
BIRCA (Bjorko), ancient town, Sweden,
xxn. 558, 737.
BIRCH, tree, in. 697; in United States,
xxin. 808; culture of, II. 317.
, J. W., British resident, Perak,
xxn. 587.
-, Thomas, English writer, ill. 698.
BIRD, island, Seychelles, Indian Ocean,
xxi. 725.
, William, English musical com
poser, in. 698.
LOUSE, insect, xv. 24.
BIRDS, III. 699 (index, 777); XVIII. 2;
their relations to reptiles, xxi. 323;
fossil, in. 728; mimicry in, xvi. 341;
olfactory organs of, xxn. 166; organs
of touch, xxin. 479; reproduction,
xx. 409; skeleton, xxii. 106; their
swimming and flying powers, IX. 308;
taxidermy, xxin. 90; parasites of,
xvin. 260; geographical distribution
of, in. 736; Vil. 269; of America, I.
684; of India, xn. 743; of the Hima
layas, XI. 834; works on development
of, vm. 168.
, The, of Aristophanes, II. 509.
— OF AMERICA, by Audubon, in. 70.
— OF PARADISE, in. 778; xv. 504.
— OF PASSAGE, Longfellow's poem,
xiv. 861.
BIREJIK, town, Asiatic Turkey, III. 697.
BIREME, Greek ship, xxi. 805.
BIREN, E. J., favourite of Anna of
Russia, II. 60; xxi. 98.
BlRGER, king of Sweden, XXII. 745.
BIRGITTA, or Bridget, St, of Sweden,
xvi. 711, 716; xxn. 753.
BIRJAND, town, Persia, xvin. 627, 628.
BiRKARLlANS, Swedish adventurers in
Lapland, xiv. 307.
BIRKBECK, George, English philanthrop
ist, in. 779.
BIRKEBEINAR, Norwegian political
party, XVII. 588.
BIRKENFELD, principality, Germany,
xvn. 757.
BlRKENHEAD, town, England, ill. 779;
xiv. 715.
, Sir John, early newspaper writer,
xvn. 414.
BlRMENSTORF, Switzerland, mineral
water of, xvi. 436.
BIRMINGHAM, town, England, in. 780;
libraries, Xiv. 521, 542; newspapers,
XVII. 422; population and representa
tion, xxiv. 379.
BlRON, Armand, duke of, marshal of
France, in. 786.
, Charles, duke of, French admiral,
in. 786; ix. 565.
, Louis Antoine, Marshal, friend of
Admiral Rodney, xx. 618.
BIRR, town, Ireland, XVIII. 328.
B I K — B L A
BiRS NIMRUD, part of Babylon, in. 183.
BlRSK, town, Eussia, XXIII. 717.
BlRTH, Ceremonies connected with, in
relation to totemism, xxm. 469; law
in regard to concealment of, XIII. 4;
registration of, XX. 343.
— , in comparative physiology, XX. 410.
BIRTH-RATE, its average in different
countries, XIX. 516.
BIRTHRIGHT, xix. 733.
BIRYUTCH, town, Russia, xxiv. 298.
BlSACClA, town, Italy, ill. 786.
Bis ACCUSATUS, Lucian's dialogue, xv.
44-
BlSANTHE (Eodosto), ancient town,
Turkey in Europe, XX. 618.
BISBAL, La, Count of (Henry Joseph
O'Donnell), Spanish marshal, xvn.
727.
BISCAY, province, Spain, in. 787; xxn.
298.
— , Bay of, in. 787.
BiSCEGLlA, town, Italy, III. 787.
BISCHWEILER, town, Alsace, Germany,
ill. 787.
BlSCOP, Benedict, English monk, ill.
481; XVI. 707.
BISCUIT, in pottery, XIX. 601.
BISCUITS, Manufacture of, in. 252.
, Concentrated meat, xix. 707.
BlSHARl, tribes, Nubia, XVII. 610.
BlSHlR, African fish, I. 260; xix. 429.
BISHOP, in. 787; v. 700; vin. 484; xix.
674; XX. 629; election of, VI. 265;
position of, in British peerage, xvill.
459, 465.
• , Apostolic, a title of the pope, Xix.
498.
— , George, his observatory, Eegcnt's
Park, London, xvii. 711.
-, Sir Henry Eowley, English musi
cal composer, ill. 789.
BISHOP-AUCKLAND, town, England, in.
790.
BISHOP ROCK LIGHTHOUSE, Scilly
Islands, England, xiv. 616.
BISHOPS, Roman (popes), List of, xix.
488, 509.
AND REGULARS, Congregation of.
Church of R-ome, XX. 629.
BISHOP'S HATFIELD, town, England,
xi. 520.
BISHOP-STORTFORD, town, England, in.
790.
BISHOPWEARMOUTH, suburb of Sunder-
land, England, in. 790; xxii. 657.
BISKARA, or Biskra, town, Algeria, ill.
790.
BISMARCK, Prince von, German states
man, ix. 625; x. 510; xx. 12; xxiv.
582.
BISMITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
BISMUTH, chemical element, in. 790;
v. 539; xvi. 380, 395; magnetic pro
perties of, XV. 267; in medicine, VII.
587; ores of, in. 790; XVI. 58; telluric,
XVI. 380.
BISMUTHINE, mineral, in. 790; xvi.
394-
BiSMUTHITE, mineral, xvi. 399.
BISMUTOFERRITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
BlSMUTO-SPH^ERITE, mineral, XVI. 399.
BISON, ungulate mammal, in. 792; xv.
432; of India, XII. 742.
BlSSAGOS, islands, West Africa, XXI.
661.
BlSSCHOP, Simon (Episcopius), Dutch
theologian, vill. 493.
BlSSEN, W., Danish sculptor, xxi. 570.
BISTRE, pigment, xix. 88.
BlSUTUN (Behistun), Persia, rock inscrip
tions at, in. 509; XVlll. 567.
BIT, boring tool, xi. 438.
BITHYNIA, province, Asia Minor, in.
792; coins of ancient, xvn. 645.
— , genus of snails, xxn. 188.
BITLIS, town, Armenia, in. 617.
BITOLIA, town, Turkish Roumelia, xvi.
7i9-
BITONTO, town, Italy, in. 793.
BlTSCH, town, Lorraine, Germany, in.
794-
BITTER-ALMOND OIL, its chemical re
lations, xxiv. 626.
BITTER APPLE, or Colocynth, plant, vi.
150.
BITTERN, bird, in. 794; XL 761; xni.
576.
— , Sun, bird, XXII. 652.
BITTER ROOT MOUNTAINS, Rocky
Mountains, U.S.A., xxin. 797.
BITTERS, alcoholic beverage, ill. 794;
xiv. 686.
BITTERSWEET, plant, xvn. 499.
BITTER WATERS, xxiv. 399.
BITUMEN, mineral, xvi. 428.
BITUMINOUS COAL, vi. 45.
BlTZIUS, Albert, Swiss writer, XXII.
799-
BIVAR, Rodrigo Diaz de (the Cid),
Spanish hero, v. 773.
BIWA, lake, Japan, xni. 572.
BIXIO, aeronaut, I. 195.
BIYERRE, affluent of the Congo, Africa,
xxiv. 764.
BIYSK, town, Siberia, xxn. 11; xxin.
439-
BlZERTA, town, Tunis, North Africa,
in. 794; xxin. 620.
BJARNI, early Danish navigator, XL
171.
BjERREGAARD, Henrik Anker, Nor
wegian poet, xvii. 590.
BJOREIA, river, Norway, xvn. 575.
BJORKO, island and ancient town,
Sweden, xxn. 558, 737.
BjORN, Greenland voyager, I. 706.
BJORNSON, B., Norwegian poet and
dramatist, xvn. 591; xvin. 348.
BLACK, Adam, publisher of Encyclo
paedia Britannica, vin. 202.
— , Joseph, chemist, in. 794; on the
properties of air, v. 462; his balloon
experiments, I. 189.
BLACK, W. H., on ancient London, xiv.
841.
— , Aniline, from vanadium, xxiv.
54-
-, Pigments of, xix. 88.
— , Platinum, xix. 191.
— ASH MAKING, in soda manufac
ture, xxn. 243.
BLACKBALL, wheat disease, i. 354.
BLACKBAND IRON, xni. 285.
BLACKBIRD, bird, in. 799; xvin. 74;
of America, XI. 27.
BLACK BOOK OF THE ADMIRALTY, i.
157; xxi. 584.
BLACK BOOK OF THE EXCHEQUER,
xxi. 36.
BLACK BOOK OF WALES, v. 318.
BLACKBURN, town, England, in. 799.
BLACK CANONS, i. 19.
BLACKCAP, bird, xxiv. 553.
BLACK CART, river, Scotland, xx. 395.
BLACK CASTLE, Wicklow, Ireland,
xxiv. 558.
BLACKCOCK, bird, in. 800; XL 222; as
game, xx i. 835.
BLACK COLOURS, in dyeing, vn. 579.
BLACK DEATH, plague, xix. 164; vn.
684; vin. 325; xiv. 122.
BLACK DOME, mountain, Blue Ridge,
U.S.A., xxin. 794.
BLACK DOME, mountain, Catskills,
U.S.A., xxin. 793.
BLACKDOWN, Somerset, England, xxn.
257.
BLACK DUCK, xxi. 470.
BLACK-EYED SUSAN, song by Douglas
Jerrold, xni. 632.
BLACKFACED SHEEP, i. 392.
BLACKFISH, American fish, xxiv. 686.
BLACK FLAGS, in Tong-King, xxin.
441.
BLACK FOREST, Germany, in. 795;
xxiv. 699.
BLACKFRIARS, London, accident at
Vespers at (1623), xiv. 847.
BLACK GUM, tree, U.S.A., xxin. 809.
BLACKHEAD, bird, xxi. 378.
BLACKHEATH COMMON, London, xiv.
824.
BLACK HILLS, Rocky Mountains,
U.S.A., xxin. 797.
BLACK HOLE OF CALCUTTA, iv. 656;
xn. 801.
BLACK ISLE, Scotland, xx. 854.
BLACK JACK, zinc ore, xxiv. 785.
BLACK LEAD, xix. 230.
BLACKLEG, cattle disease, I. 390.
BLACK-LETTER TYPE, xxm. 694.
BLACKLOCK, Thomas, Scottish poet and
divine, in. 800.
BLACK-MAILING, crime, xxin. 233.
BLACKMORE, Sir Richard, English
writer, ill. 800.
BLACK MOUNTAINS, North Carolina,
U.S.A., xvn. 559.
BLACKNESS CASTLE, Linlithgow, Scot
land, xiv. 670.
XXV. — 8
58
B L A — B L O
BLACKPOOL, town, England, in. 800.
BLACK PRINCE, Edward, the, vn. 686;
vni. 319.
BLACK QUARTER, cattle disease, xvn.
58.
BLACK RIVER, New York, U.S.A., xvn.
451.
BLACK ROD, Usher of the, xxi. 37.
BLACK ROT, vine disease, xxiv. 240.
BLACK SEA, in. 795; xv. 820; restric
tions on its navigation, XXin. 647,
650.
BLACKSTART, bird, xx. 318.
BLACKSTONE, Sir William, English
jurist, in. 800; his definition of law,
xiv. 355, 362.
BLACK TOWN, part of Madras city,
India, xv. 187.
BLACKWALL, John, on the reproduction
of spiders, II. 294.
BLACK WARE, kind of pottery, xix.
618; Etruscan, vni. 641.
BLACKWATER, river, Ireland, vi. 403;
xiv. 51; xxiv. 400.
BLACK WITCH, bird, 687.
BLACKWOOD, Adam, early Scottish
jurist, xxi. 543.
— , Henry, Scottish writer on medi
cine, xxi. 543.
BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE, xvin. 537;
Lockhart's connexion with, xiv. 763;
Wilson's connexion with, xxiv. 592.
BLADDER, Diseases of the, xxiv. 188.
NUT, tree, n. 320; xvn. 664.
- WORMS, xxin. 49, 52.
BLADES, TV., on the sizes of books, iv.
38.
BLADON, Alabama, U.S.A., mineral
water of, xvi. 436.
BLAEN AVON, town, Monmouth, England,
xvi. 754.
BLAEU, William Jansson, his geographi
cal globes, x. 683.
BLAGOVYESCHENSK, town, Siberia, xxii.
1 1.
— , monastery, Nijni-Novgorod, Rus
sia, xvn. 501.
BLAG ROVE, Henry, English musician,
xvn. 93.
BLAINVILLE, Henri Marie Ducrotay de,
French naturalist, III. 802; on birds,
xvin. 20, 22, 29; on reptiles, xx. 435.
BLAIR, Hugh, Scottish preacher and
writer, III. 802; XX. 515.
, Robert, Scottish poet, ill. 803.
— , Port, town, Andaman Islands, III.
802; n. 13.
ATHOL, English race-horse, Pedi
gree of, xn. 186.
CASTLE, Perthshire, Scotland,
xvin. 667.
BLAIRGOWRIE, town, Scotland, xvin.
667.
BLAKE, Francis, his telephone trans
mitter, xxin. 130, 132.
, Robert, English admiral, ill. 803;
xii. 80.
BLAKE, William, English poet and
painter, in. 804.
BLANC, Louis, French socialist, xxi 1. 208;
on communism, VI. 213.
, Mont, Alps, in. 807; I. 625; xxi.
332-
BLANCA PEAK, Rocky Mountains,
U.S.A., xxin. 796.
BLANCHARD, Emile, on birds, xvin. 31.
— , J. P., French aeronaut, I. 190.
BLANCHE of Castile, mother of Louis
IX. of France, IX. 542.
BLANCO, Guzman, president, Venezuela,
xxiv. 141.
BLANE, Sir Gilbert, British physician,
in. 807.
BLANES, toAvn, Spain, in. 807.
BLANFORD, W. J., on geology of Persia,
xvin. 621.
BLANKENBURG, town, Germany, xxi.
461.
BLANK VERSE, Marlowe's introduction
of, xv. 556.
BLANPAIN'S COMET, vi. 191.
BLANQUEFORT, Bertrand de, Knight
Templar, xxi 1 1. 161.
BLARINA, genus of shrews, xxi. 844.
BLARNEY, village, Ireland, in. 807.
— CASTLE, Cork, Ireland, vi. 405.
BLASIUS, Gerard, on birds, xvin. 7.
-, J. H., on birds, xvin. 9, 26.
BLASPHEMY, in. 807.
BLAST ENGINES, used in metallurgy,
in. 551; xvi. 60.
BLAST FURNACE, ix. 840; in. 550;
xni. 297.
BLASTING, in. 808; most extensive ever
attempted, xxin. 622; in mines, xvi.
445-
BLASTOCCELE, in animal development,
n. 51.
BLASTOIDEA, order of Echinodermata,
vn. 638.
BLASTOMERES, in animal development,
n. 51.
BLASTOSPORE, in animal development,
vni. 746.
BLATTID^E, group of insects, xni. 152.
BLAXTON, William, early settler at
Boston, U.S.A., iv. 73.
BLAZONRY, in heraldry, XI. 684, 705.
BLEACHING, in. 811; of linen yarn,
xiv. 666.
POWDER, chloride of lime, v. 678.
BLEDA, king of the Huns, xn. 381.
BLEEDING, as disease, xvin. 375.
BLEEK, Friedrich, German Biblical
scholar, in. 823; on the Pentateuch,
xvin. 506.
, Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel,
African traveller and scholar, in.
824.
BLEINIERE, mineral, xvi. 428.
BLEKINGE, province, Sweden, v. 112;
xxn. 741.
BLEMMYES, native tribes, Africa, xvn.
612.
BLENDE, or Zinc Blende, mineral, xvi.
392; xxiv. 785.
— , Nickel, mineral, xvn. 487.
BLENHEIM, village, Bavaria, in. 825;
battle of (1704), in. 126; vni. 353;
ix. 581; xv. 554.
• HOUSE, Oxford, England, in.
825; xxiv. 653; Vanbrugh's design,
xxiv. 55
BLENNY, fish, xn. 690; xxi. 614.
BLESBOK, kind of antelope, 11. 101.
BLESENSIS, Petrus (Peter of Blois),
mediaeval writer, xvin. 698.
BLESSINGTON, Countess of, English
writer, III. 825; her relation to Count
D'Orsay, vn. 370.
BLICHER, Steen Steensen, Danish
writer, in. 825; vn. 92; xvin. 348.
BLIDAH, town, Algeria, in. 825.
BLIGH, William, English admiral and
explorer, in. 825; x. 190; xix. 132;
xxin. 24.
BLIND, The, in. 826; print ing types for,
xxin. 696; associations and colleges
for, in. 816.
- FISH, in caves, xn. 693; xv.
450.
- HARRY, Scottish minstrel and
writer, XI. 496; XXI. 541; XXIV. 326.
MAN'S BUFF, Wilkie's picture,
xxiv. 568.
BLINDNESS, xvn. 784.
BLIND TRAVELLER, The (James Hoi-
man), English traveller, XII. 103.
BLISTERING BEETLE, or Spanish
Fly, insect, VI. 133; V. 31.
BLITHE, or Blythe, Walter, writer on
agriculture, I. 297, 329, 331.
BLITONG (Billiton), island, Indian
Archipelago, in. 677.
BLOATERS, Curing of, ix. 253.
BLOCH, Mark Eliezer, German natural
ist, in. 833; on fishes, xn. 632.
BLOCK, Maurice, on statistics, xxn.
461.
BLOCKADE, in war, in. 834; xni. 194;
xxiv. 364.
BLOCKADE-RUNNING, in American
civil war, ill. 237; xxin. 775.
BLOCK-BOOKS, in. 652; xxin. 683;
printing of, XXIII. 682.
BLOCK MACHINERY, in. 833; invention
of, iv. 398; xv. 152.
BLOCKS, in mechanics, xv. 763.
BLOCKSBERG, hill in Budapest, Hun
gary, xvin. 691.
BLOCK SYSTEM, Railway, xx. 238.
BLODITE, mineral, xvi. 402.
BLOEMFONTEIN, town, Orange River
Free State, South Africa, xvn. 813.
BLOEMHOFF, district, Transvaal, South
Africa, xxin. 518.
BLOIS, town, France, in. 835; treaties
of (1504), ix. 555.
— , Peter of, medieval theologian and
moralist, xvin. 698.
BLOMBERG, or Blumbergcr, Barbara,
B L O— B O D
59
mother of Don John of Austria, XI 1 1.
716; xx. 291.
BLOMFIELD, Charles James, bishop of
London, in. 835.
BLOMSTRANDITK, mineral, xvi. 426.
BLONDEL, David, French Protestant
clergyman, in. 836.
BLONIE, town, Russian Poland, xxiv.
375-
BLOOD, of mammals, xv. 364; human,
I. 845; in relation to nutrition, XVII.
677; in relation to respiration, XX.
482; diseases of the, xvm. 376; as
manure, I. 349; ordeal by, XVII. 819;
sacrifice of, xxi. 136; in slaughter
houses, I. 7; John Hunter's work on
the, xn. 389.
, Circulation of the, xxiv. 98 ; I.
899; XI. 503; xiv. 411; discovery of,
xv. 810; demonstrated by Harvey, I.
810; first seen by Malpighi, XV. 338;
hinted at by Mondino, I. 806; partially
announced by Servetus, I. 810; during
sleep, xxil. 155; in crustaceans, VI.
640; in fishes, xn. 658.
-, Thomas (Colonel), Parliamen
tarian officer, in. 836.
BLOOD-BATH OF STOCKHOLM, XL 333.
BLOOD-COVENANT, xxi. 138.
BLOOD-FEUD, vi. 582; in relation to
totemism, XXIII. 472.
BLOODHOUND, vn. 328.
BLOOD-LYMPH, of molluscs, xvi. 634.
BLOOD-POISONING, xxi. 666.
BLOOD-RAIN, x. 266.
BLOODSTONE, mineral, I. 278; XI. 634;
xvi. 389.
BLOOD-VESSELS, Diseases of, xxn. 683;
granulations of, xvm. 364; influence
of nerves on, Xix. 30.
BLOODWITH AND FLEDWITH, Cinque
Port right, V. 787.
BLOODWORT, plant, vn. 310.
BLOODY ASSIZE, Jeffreys's, xm. 618.
BLOODY FLUX, disease, vn. 584.
BLOOM, compacted mass of iron, xm.
327-
, in tanning, xiv. 384.
BLOOMERY, iron forge, xm. 290.
BLOOMFIELD, Robert, English poet, in.
836.
BLOUNT, Charles, English writer, III.
836; on deism, vi I. 34.
BLOW, John, English musical composer,
ill. 836; xx. 112.
BLOWING MACHINES, in. 549.
BLOWPIPE, in. 837; Plattner's use of,
Xix. 213; oxyhydrogen, xvm. 105.
BLUBBER, Whale, xxiv. 523, 529; con
sumption of, by Eskimo, vm. 545.
BLUCHER, Gebhard Leberecht von,
Prussian field-marshal, III. 840; xvi I.
220; at Waterloo (1815), xvn. 224.
BLUDENZ, town, Vorarlberg, Austria,
xxiv. 297.
BLUE, Pigments of, xix. 8>; from cobalt,
vi. 82.
BLUE, Prussian, dye, xx. 24.
BLUEBEARD, Legend of, xx. 258.
BLUE-BELL, plant, XL 478.
BLUE BILLY, variety of ferric oxide,
xm. 285.
BLUECAP, bird, xxm. 419.
BLUE COAT SCHOOL, London, xiv. 835.
BLUE COLOURS, in dyeing, vii. 576.
BLUEFIELDS, town, Nicaragua, xvn.
477-
BLUE-FISH, fish-destroyer and food-fish,
U.S.A., ix. 267.
BLUE GUM, tree, vm. 649.
BLUE JAY, bird, xm. 611.
BLUE OINTMENT, in pharmacy, xvi.
34-
BLUE ORE, clay ironstone, xm. 288.
BLUE PILL, in pharmacy, xvi. 34.
BLUE RIDGE MOUNTAINS, North Caro
lina and Virginia, U.S.A., xvil. 559;
xxm. 794; xxiv. 256.
BLUE STONE, sulphate of copper, vi.
35i-
BLUETHROAT, bird, xx. 318.
BLUE VITRIOL, sulphate of copper, xxn.
637-
BLUMBERGER, Barbara, mother of Don
John of Austria, xm. 716; xx. 291.
BLUMENBACH, Johann Friedrich, Ger
man physiologist, III. 840.
BLUNDEVILLE, Thomas, English geo
grapher, xvii. 253.
BLYTH, Edward, on birds, xvm. 25.
BLYTHE, or Blithe, Walter, writer on
agriculture, I. 297, 329, 331.
Bo, or Sacred Fig, tree, IX. 154.
BOA, family of serpents, in. 841; xxn.
195.
BOA-CONSTRICTOR, snake, xxn. 195;
xx. 144.
BOADES, Bernat, Catalan historian, xxn.
364-
BOADICEA, British queen, m. 841; IV.
353-
BOANERGES, the apostles James and
John, xm. 552.
BOAR, Wild, family of mammals, in.
841; xxn. 773.
BOARD OF GREEN CLOTH, xxi. 37.
BOARD OF TRADE, English, xvi. 474;
xxm. 497; American difficulties with,
xxm. 733, 736.
BOAT, xxi. 804, 825; for racing, xxi.
31; whale, xxiv. 526; of wicker-work,
m. 421.
BOATBILL, bird, XI. 762.
BOATBUILDING, xxi. 825.
BOAT-RACING, xxi. 30.
BOATSWAIN, his duties, xvn. 293.
BOATSWAIN-BIRD, XXII. 125; XXIII.
i-OQ
500.
BOAT-TAIL, bird, XL 27.
BOA VISTA, one of the Cape Verd Islands,
v. 52.
, suburb of Pernambuco, Brazil,
xvm. 551.
BOAZ, of Scripture, XXI. in.
BOBADILLA, Francisco de, governor of
Hispaniola, vi. 175.
BOBBILI, town, India, xxiv. 267.
BOBOLINK, North- American bird, xvni.
53-
BOBROFF, town, Russia, xxiv. 298.
BOBRUISK, town, Russia, in. 842.
BOBRZYNSKI, Michael, Polish historian,
xix. 305.
BOB- WHITE, bird, xx. 147.
BoCAGE, district, France, xv. 458.
BOCASOTI, mediaeval sect, IX. 725.
BOCCACCINO, Boccaccio, Italian painter,
xxi. 437.
BOCCACCIO, Giovanni, Italian writer,
m. 842; xm. 504; Petrarch's friend
ship with, xvm. 708; his place in the
Renaissance, xx. 385.
BOCCALINI, Trajano, Italian satirist, in.
846.
BOCCARDO, Girolamo, Italian econo
mist, xix. 387.
BOCCHUS, king of Mauretania, xm. 766.
BOCCONIO, Marino, Venetian conspira
tor, xxiv. 143.
BOCHART, Samuel, Oriental scholar, in.
847-
BOCHNIA, town, Austria, in. 847.
BOCHUM, town, Prussia, m. 847.
BOCKHOLD, Johann (John of Leyden),
Anabaptist, I. 787.
BOCKLET, Bavaria, mineral water of,
xvi. 434.
Boc-LAND, or Bookland, in English law,
ix. 357; vm. 275.
BOCSKAY, Stephen, Transylvanian
prince, XII. 369.
BOD, Country of, native name of Tibet,
xxm. 338.
BODDAERT, Petrus, on birds, xvni. 7.
BODE, Johann Elert, German astro
nomer, m. 847; his law of planetary
distances, n. 806.
BODENITE, mineral, xvi. 410.
BODENSEE, or Lake of Constance, VI.
297.
BODENSTEIN, Andreas Rudolf (Carl-
stadt), German Reformer, v. 113; on
the canon of Scripture, v. 14.
BODH, Syriac writer, XXII. 837.
BODHNATHA, town, Nepal, xvn. 342.
BODIES, Physical constitution of, vi.
310.
BODILY ENERGY, its source, xix. 9.
BODIN, Jean, French economist, III.
847; IX. 655; Xix. 356.
BODISATSHIP, in Buddhism, Xiv. 226.
BODJO, town, Sumbaya, Indian Archi
pelago, xxn. 641.
BODLEIAN LIBRARY, Oxford, m. 848;
xiv. 519; xvm. 95.
BODLEY, Sir Thomas, founder of Bod
leian library, III. 848; xvm. 95.
BODMER, J. J., Swiss critic and poet,
x. 533; xvn. 476; xxn. 797; his
relations with Wieland, xxiv. 558.
BODMIN, town, England, m. 848.
(50
B O D — B 0 L
BODONI, Giambattista, Italian painter,
in. 849.
BOD-PAS, people of Tibet, xxm. 338.
Boo-SKAD, language of Tibet, xxm.
346.
BODTCHER, Ludwig Adolf, Danish poet,
vii. 92.
BODY, The human, Process of repair in,
xvill. 363; theories of its relations
to the soul, xvin. 843.
BOD-YUL, district, Tibet, XXIII. 338.
BOE, Francis cle le (Sylvius), Dutch
physician, XV. 810.
BOECE, Hector, Scottish historian, ill.
849; XXI. 541.
BOECK, C. W., Norwegian physiologist,
xvn. 592.
BOECKH, August, German scholar, in.
850; on Greek inscriptions, xill. 122.
BOEH.M, Martin, Mennonite preacher,
Pennsylvania, U.S.A., xxm. 727.
, Theobald, his improvements in
flute construction, xvil. 98; xxm.
521.
BOEHME, Jakob, German mystic, in.
852; x. 529; xvn. 134; xxm. 245,
278.
BOENDALE, Jan van, Dutch writer, XII.
90.
BCEOTIA, country, ancient Greece, in.
854; xxm. 229; coins of, xvn. 642.
BCEOTIAN, dialect of Greek, xi. 132.
BOERHAAVE, Hermann, Dutch physi
cian, in. 854; XV. 812.
BOERO (Burn), island, Indian Archi
pelago, iv. 572.
BOERS, in Cape Colony, v. 45; Orange
Free State, xvn. 813; Transvaal,
xxm. 5^8.
BOETIE, Etienne de la, French writer,
IX. 655.
BOETIUS, Anicius Manlins Severinus,
Roman statesman and philosopher, in.
855; XXI. 420; on music, XVII. 80; on
numerals, xvn. 626; King Alfred's
translation of his work, I. 507.
BOGAERS, Adrianus, Dutch poet, XII. 97.
BOGBUTTER, mineral, xvi. 429; found
in peat, i. 154.
BOGDAN, voivode of Moldavia, XXI. 19.
BOGDANOVICH, Ippolyt F., Russian
poet, XXI. 106.
BOGHAZ-KEUY, town, Asia Minor, in.
858; xvin. 850.
BOGHEAD MINERAL, source of paraffin,
xvin. 240.
BOG IRON ORE, xin. 285, 287.
BOGLE, George, traveller in Tibet, xxm.
338.
BOG-Moss, plant, xvn. 65.
BOG-OAK, wood, xvn. 691.
BOGODUKHOFF, town, Russia, ill. 858.
BOG OF ALLEN, Ireland, i. 582.
BOGOLIUBSKI, Andrew, prince of Suzdal,
Russia, xxi. 89.
BOGOMIL, biographer of Justinian, xxm.
276.
BOGOMILI, heretical sect, Greek Church,
in. 858; xv. 487.
BOGONG, mountain, Victoria, Australia.
xxiv. 215.
BOGORIS, king of Bulgaria, xvn. 483.
BOGORODITSK, town, Russia, xxm. 605.
BOGOSLOVSKITE, mineral, xvi. 411.
BOGOTA, capital of Colombia, in. 858.
BOGRA, district, India, III. 859.
BOGS, Reclamation of, I. 403.
BOGUTCHARY, town, Russia, xxiv. 298.
BOHADDIN, or Boha-Eddyn, Arabian
writer and statesman, in. 859.
BOHAEDDIN, Moktana, Druse apostle,
vii. 484.
BOHEA TEA, v. 636; xxm. 99.
BOHEIRA, lake, Tunis, xxm. 621.
BOHEMIA, in. 860; its connexion with
Silesia, xxil. 51; the Reformation in,
XX. 336; language, xxil. 151; dic
tionaries of language, vii. 188; litera
ture, xxn. 151; xvin. 543; Palacky's
contributions to history of, xvin. 142.
BOHEMIAN BRETHREN, xix. 697.
BOHEMIANISM, Literary, xvn. 54.
BOHEMIANS, xxn. 145, 147.
BOHEMOND, Marc, crusader, in. 861 ;
vi. 624; ix. 538.
BOHL VON FABER, Cecilia, Spanish
novelist, vni. 833.
BOHME, or Boehme, Jakob, German
mystic, III. 852; X. 529; XVII. 134;
xxm. 245, 278.
— , Prof., Goethe's relations with, x.
722.
BOHMEN (Bohemia, q.v.), in. 860.
BOHMERIA, plant, xx. 506.
BOHOL, island, Philippines, xvin. 752.
BOHTAN Su, affluent of the Tigris,
xxm. 387.
BOIARDO, Matteo Maria, Italian poet,
in. 862; II. 503; vn. 418; xin. 508;
Panizzi's editions of his Orlando,
XVIII. 212.
BOIARS, class of Russian aristocracy,
xxi. 8 1, 92, 95; in Moldavia, XXI.
20.
BOID^E, family of snakes, xxn. 193,
195.
BOIELDIEU, Fran£ois Adrien, French
musical composer, in. 862.
Bon, ancient Celtic people, in. 863; xin.
446. r
BOILEAU, Etienne, founder of industrial
guilds in Paris, xvin. 288.
BOILEAU-DESPREAUX, Nicolas, French
writer, in. 863; ix. 657; as satirist,
XXI. 319; his relations with Racine,
xx. 204.
BOILER, for plant-houses, xn. 228; for
steam-engine, xxn. 496 ; improve
ments in, for smoke abatement, XXIL
181.
BOILING, of meat, vi. 332.
BOILING-POINT, vni. 728; of water at
different heights, in. 387; measure
ment of, xx. 130, 134.
BoiNEBURG, Johann Christian von, his
relations with Leibnitz, xiv. 418.
BoiS, John, translator of English Bible,
iv. 1 86.
BoiS-BRULES, French-Indian half-
breeds, xx. 315.
Bois DE BOULOGNE, Paris, xvin. 275.
BOIS DE VlNCENNES, Paris, XVIII. 276.
BOISGUILLEBERT, Pierre, French econo
mist, xix. 359.
BoiS-LE-Duc, town, Holland, in. 864.
BOISSARD, Jean Jacques, French scholar,
in. 864.
BOISSONADE, Jean Francois, French
scholar, in. 864.
BoiSY, Frangois de (St Francis of Sales),
ix. 695.
BojA, mediaeval race, Africa, xxn. 615.
BOJANUS, Organ of, in Mollusca, xvi.
692, 695.
BojUK MENDER, river, Asia Minor, n.
708.
BOKHARA, country and town, Central
Asia, IV. i; XVIII. 101; conquest of,
by Alexander, xv. 141.
BOKHARI, Moslem jurist, xvi. 594.
BOLAN, river, Baluchistan, in. 302.
BOLANOS, Franciscan missionary to
Paraguay, xvin. 245.
BOLBEC, town, France, IV. 4; xxi. 626.
BOLDENSELE, William of, German
mediaeval traveller, xv. 474.
BOLE, mineral, xvi. 425.
BOLESLAW, or Boleslaus, I., king of
Poland, xix. 286; x. 486.
— II., of Poland, xix. 286.
III.-V., of Poland, xix. 287.
BOLEYN, Anne, wife of Henry VIII. of
England, iv. 4; vni. 336; xi. 664;
Cranmer's relations with, VI. 549.
BOLI, town, Asiatic Turkey, IV. 4.
BOLIDE, meteor, xvi. 108.
BOLING BROKE, Viscount (Henry St
John), IV. 4; Burke's satirical imita
tion of, iv. 539; his deism, vn. 35;
his relations with Harley, xvin. 100;
with Swift, xxn. 764.
BOLIVAR, state, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
, Simon, South-American liberator,
iv. 7; in Peru, xvin. 678.
BOLIVIA, country, South America, IV.
10; L 713; burial towers in, II. 452;
Indian tribes, XII. 828.
BOLIVITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
BOLKHOFF, town, Russia, XVIL 826.
BOLLAND, John, Jesuit father, iv. 18.
BOLLANDIST FATHERS, authors of Acta
Sanctorum, iv. 18.
BOLOGNA, province, Italy, IV. 19.
— , town, Italy, IV. 19; concordat of
(1516), XIX. 503; sittings of council
of Trent at (1547), xxm. 546; early
law school, iv. 517; library, xiv. 530,
548; museum, I. 475; observatory,
xvn. 714; school of painting, xxi.
437, 443; pictures, xxi. 447; sculp
ture, Xix. 124; university, XXin. 832.
B O L — B O N
61
BOLOGNA, Giovanni da, sculptor, iv. 19;
xxi. 569.
PHIALS, illustrative of annealing,
ii. 63.
BOLOGNE, Jean (Giovanni da Bologna),
sculptor, iv. 19; xxi. 569.
BOLOR (Kashkar), state, Central Asia,
xiv. 9.
BOLSEC, Jerome, his controversy with
Calvin, iv. 718.
BOLSENA, town, Italy, IV. 20.
BOLSHOYE, lake, Siberia, xxiv. 742.
BOLSHOY TOKMAK, town, Eussia, xxm.
83-
BOLSON DE MAPIMI, district, Mexico,
xvi. 216.
BOLTON, town, Lancashire, England,
IV. 20.
ABBEY, Yorkshire, England, xxiv.
749-
CASTLE, Yorkshire, England,
xxiv. 749.
BOLTONITE, mineral, xvi. 410.
BOLTS, law exercises, xin. 88.
BOLTZMANN, L., his electrical measure
ments, vill. 37; on radiation, XX. 216;
on strains in solids, vi. 312.
BOLZANO, town, Austria, iv. 169.
, Bernhard, Catholic theologian, IV.
20.
BOMARSUND, fortress, Aland Islands,
Russia, I. 441.
BOMBA, harbour, Tripoli, North Africa,
xxm. 575.
, nickname of Ferdinand II., king
of Naples, ix. 79; xin. 489.
BOMBARDES, ancient cannon, II. 557.
BOMBARDIER, beetle, vi. 129.
BOMBARDT, musical instrument, xvn.
706.
BOMBAY, presidency, India, iv. 21;
acquisition of, XII. 799; army, II. 590.
, town, India, iv. 25; Jewish settle
ment in, xin. 685; libraries, xiv.
533; newspapers, XVII. 432; Parsees
in, xvill. 327; university, xxm. 856.
BOMBELLI, R., his work on algebra, I.
514.
BOMBERG, Daniel, Venetian printer, XIX.
176; his Hebrew Bibles, ill. 647.
BOMBON, lake, Philippine Islands, XVIII.
749-
BOMBUS, genus of bees, XII. 342.
BOMBYX MORI, silkworm, xxn. 57.
BOMVANILAND, territory, South Africa,
xin. 817.
BON, Bartolomeo, Venetian sculptor,
xxi. 568.
BONA, town, Algeria, iv. 31.
BONABE, island, Pacific Ocean, xvi.
257.
BONAFEDE, Paganino, Italian poet, xin.
506.
BONAGRATIA, Franciscan, xvn. 717.
BONAI, tributary state, India, v. 769.
BONAIRE, island, West Indies, xxiv.
510.
BONALD, Vicomte de, French philo
sopher, IV. 27; ix. 672.
BONANNUS, Italian metal-worker, xvi.
74, 760.
BONANZA, rich mineral lode, xvi. 441;
xvn. 368.
BONAPARTE, Corsican family, iv. 27;
xxi. 192.
— , Charles Lucien, naturalist, iv. 29;
on birds, xvill. 14, 16, 17, 31.
— , Frangois Charles Joseph (Napoleon
II. ), xvn. 226.
, Jerume, king of Westphalia, iv. 30.
— , Joseph, king of Naples and Spain,
iv. 27; ix. 616; xvii. 191; xxn. 344.
— , Louis, king of Holland, IV. 29.
, Louis Lucien, philologist, IV. 29.
, Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III.,
q.v., emperor of the French), xvn.
226; iv. 29; IX. 622; his intervention
in Italy, xin. 490.
— , Lucien, prince of Canino, IV. 28;
ambassador to Spain, xix. 550.
, Marie Anne Elisa, sister of
Napoleon I., iv. 29.
, Marie Annonciade Caroline, wife
of Murat, iv. 30.
— , Marie Pauline, sister of Napoleon
L, iv. 29.
-, Napoleon (Napoleon L, q.v., empe
ror of the French), xvn. 192; IX. 608;
his campaigns against Austria, in.
130; his rule in Italy, xin. 485; his
invasion of Russia, xxi. 100.
— , Pierre Napoleon, adventurer, IV.
29.
BONA SFORZA, queen of Poland, xix.
290.
BONAVENTURA, St, theologian and
philosopher, iv. 30; xvi. 710; xxi.
427; his mystical teaching, xvn. 132.
BONAVENTURE, island, Canada, xx.
165.
BONAVISTA BAY, Newfoundland, xvn.
383-
BOND, Henry, his contributions to
navigation, xvi I. 255.
BONDAR, Swedish landed freemen,
XXII. 744.
BONDMEN, European peasants, I. 294.
BONDONE, Giotto di (Giotto), Italian
painter, x. 609; xxi. 434.
BONDU, kingdom, West Africa, IV. 31.
BONDUC NUT, xvn. 664.
BONE, xxii. 109; I. 853; diseases of,
xxii. 684; fracture of, xxn. 681, 684;
repair of broken, xvill. 366; tumours
of, XVIIL 370; of fishes, XII. 640; of
mammals, XV. 355; for gelatin
making, x. 132; coloured by madder-
feeding, xv. 176; Duhamel's experi
ments on, VII. 518. See Bones.
— , town, Algeria, IV. 31.
-, Henry, English enamel painter, IV.
32; vni. 185.
BONE-BLACK, v. 399.
BONE-CAVES, v. 267.
BONE NAPHTHA, xvn. 175.
BONE PHOSPHATES, of Charleston,
U.S.A., v. 428.
BONER (Bonner), Edmund, bishop of
London, iv. 34; vui. 338, 340.
BONES, as manure, I. 305, 347; xv.
512; as source of phosphorus, xvill.
815.
BO'NESS (Borrowstounness), town, Scot
land, iv. 65.
BONFIGLI, Benedetto, Italian painter,
iv. 32; xxi. 436.
BONG A, town, Central Africa, xill. 816.
BONGO, people, Central Africa, iv. 32.
BONI, kingdom, Celebes, IV. 32; v. 288;
bay of, v. 287.
BONIFACE, St, apostle of Germany, iv.
335 x. 478.
- I., pope, iv. 33; xix. 491.
- II., pope, iv. 33; xix. 492.
- III., pope, iv. 33; xix. 494.
- IV. -VI., popes, iv. 33.
-VII., pope, iv. 33; xix. 497.
- VIII., pope, iv. 33; xin. 476; xix.
501; xx. 798; his quarrel with Philip
IV. of France, IX. 544.
- IX., pope, iv. 33; xx. 803.
, prince of Savoy, xxi. 339.
-, marquis of Tuscany, XXIII. 671.
BONIFACIO, town, Corsica, iv. 33; strait
of, xxi. 307.
BONI MORES, in Roman law, xx. 671.
BONIN ISLANDS, Japan, xin. 569, 570;
XVIIL 128.
BONITO, fish, xxm. 625.
BON-MOTS, ana, i. 784.
BONN, town, Rhenish Prussia, IV. 33;
observatory, xvn. 712; university,
xxm. 848.
, Andrew, on the anatomy of mem
branes, I. 814.
BONNATERRE, Pierre Jean, on birds,
XVIIL 7.
BONNER, Edmund, bishop of London,
iv. 34; viii. 338, 340.
BONNET, head-dress, vi. 476; straw-
plaiting for, xxn. 593.
, Charles, Swiss naturalist and philo
sopher, IV. 35; XXII. 799; XXIV. 806;
on development of germs, vni. 745, 760.
BONNETTE, in fortification, IX. 427.
BONNEVAL, Comte de, French adven
turer, IV. 36.
BONNEVILLE, town, France, xxi. 333.
, Lake, Utah, U.S.A., xxiv. 19.
BONNIVARD, Frangois de (Prisoner of
Chillon), Swiss writer, iv. 36; xxn.
797-
BONO of Ferrara, Italian painter, xv. 501.
BONONIA (Widdin), Roman town, Bul
garia, xxiv. 558.
BONPA RELIGION, in Tibet, xxm. 344.
BON PAYS, district, France, xvn. 496.
BONPLAND, mountain, Nevada, U.S.A.,
xxm. 798.
, Aime, French botanist and tra
veller, IV. 36.
62
B 0 N— B 0 R
BONSDORFITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
BONSTETTEN, Charles Victor de, Swiss
writer, IV. 36.
BONTEBOK, kind of antelope, II. 101.
BONTHAIN, Peak of, Celebes, v. 288.
BONUS, in life assurance, Xin. 178.
BONVECINO of Riva, Italian poet, xni.
499-
BONVICINO, Alessandro (II Moretto),
Italian painter, xvi. 821; XXI. 436.
BOOBY, bird, x. 71.
BOOK, iv. 37; in. 651. See Books.
— OF ARMAGH, Irisli MS., xvm. 158,
412.
OF CANONS, Scottish liturgy, xxi.
511.
OF CHANGES, Chinese, v. 660.
OF COMMON PRAYER, English, vin.
BOOM, for harbours, XI. 463.
— , for supporting sails, xxi. 153.
-, town, Belgium, iv.
379-
— OF THE COVENANT, in the Penta
teuch, xvm. 509.
— OF DAYS, by Chambers, v. 381.
— OF DEER, Celtic, xiv. 709.
— OF DlMMA, Irish MS., xvm. 158.
— OF DISCIPLINE, Scottish, xxi. 503.
— OF HISTORY, Chinese, v. 660.
— OF HUSBANDRY, Fitzherbert's, i.
295.
OF INVASIONS, Irish legends, Xlll.
3-
OF KELLS, Irish MS., xvm. 158.
OF LEINSTER, Irish, xni. 246.
OF LISMORE, xiv. 694.
OF MARTYRS, Foxe's, ix. 503.
OF MORMON, xvi. 826.
OF ODES, Chinese, V. 665.
OF RITES, Chinese, v. 66 1.
OF SURVEYING, Fitzherbert's, I.
296.
OF THE THORN ROSE, by Alm-
qvist, I. 596.
BOOKBINDING, iv. 41; xiv. 538.
BOOKCASES, xiv. 536.
BOOK CATALOGUES, xiv. 537, 539.
BOOK-KEEPING, iv. 44.
BOOKLAND, in mediaeval England, VIII.
275; ix. 357.
BOOK- LOUSE, xm. 152.
BOOKMAKING, in betting, ill. 618.
BOOK-POST, xix. 571.
BOOKS, Ancient forms of, xvm. 144;
anonymous and pseudonymous, III.
657; classification of, ill. 661; cleaning
of, ill. 821 ; condemned and prohibited,
ill. 658; copyright in, VI. 357; famous,
included in chronological table, V. 720;
early printed, in. 652; early printing
of, xxin. 686; prohibited, ill. 658;
XII. 730; rare and curious, ill. 654;
selection of, for libraries, xiv. 540.
BOOKSELLING, iv. 39.
BOOK TRADE, inEurope, x. 472; at Leip-
sic, xiv. 430.
BOOLAK (Bulak), town, Egypt, vn. 769;
museum at, xv. 543.
BOOLE, George, English mathematician
and logician, IV. 47.
BOOMAH NUT, xvii. 664.
BOOMERANG, Australian missile, iv. 48 ;
in. 113.
BOONDEE (Bundi), state, India, iv. 521.
BOONE, Daniel, American pioneer, xxin.
739, 788.
— , Nicholas, American journalist, j
xvii. 433.
BOORDE, Andrew, jester, ix. 366.
BOOT, The, torture, XXI II. 466.
BOOTH, Barton, English tragedian, I v. 48.
, Felix, promoter of Arctic explora
tion, xix. 320.
-, John "Wilkes, assassin of President
Lincoln, Xiv. 662.
BOOTHIA FELIX, peninsula, North
America, IV. 49.
BOOTLE, town, England, xiv. 715.
BOOT-MAKING, xxi. 830.
BOOTY, in war, xix. 766.
BOPP, Franz, German philologist, iv. 49;
on Aryan philology, XVIII. 781.
BOQUE, river, Canton, v. 37.
BORA, Catherine von, wife of Luther,
xv. 79.
BORA-BORA, island, South Pacific, xxm.
22.
BORACITE, mineral, xvi. 396; xix. 588;
polarity of, xix. 313.
BORAHS, class of Mohammedans, India,
xii. 746.
BORAITHO, piece of Mishnic literature,
xvi. 508.
BORAN, queen of Persia, xvm. 615.
BORATES, group of minerals, xvi. 396.
BORAX, mineral, IV. 50; xvi. 396.
BORBETOMAGUS (Worms), Roman
town, Germany, xxiv. 685.
BORCETTE (Burtscheid), town, Prussia,
IV. 572.
BORDA, Jean Charles, French mathe
matician, IV. 51.
BORDEAUX, town, France, IV. 51;
assembly of (1871), IX. 627; lib
raries, xiv. 526, 545; university,
xxm. 842.
— WINE (Medoc), xxiv. 604.
BORDERERS, The, Wordsworth's poem,
xxiv. 669.
BORDONI, Faustina, Italian singer, XL
510.
BORE, in rivers, xxin. 353.
BOREAS, in Greek mythology, IV. 53;
in. 59.
BORECOLE, vegetable, xii. 279.
BOREIDA, town, Arabia, xvn. 774.
BOREL, count of Barcelona, XXII. 74.
BORELLI, Giovanni Alfonso, Italian
physician, iv. 53; vii. 128; xv. 810;
on the circulation of the blood, xxiv.
96; on the principles of flight, I. 186;
IX. 317.
BOREZ, hag-fish, XI. 370.
BORGA, town, Russian Finland, iv. 53.
BORGERHOUT, town, Belgium, IV. 53.
BOR-GHAT, pass, India, Xii. 734.
BORGHESE, Italian family, iv. 53.
— , Camillo (Pope Paul Y.), xvm. 431.
BORGHESI, Scipione, Italian historian,
XXii. 43.
BORGHOLM, town, Oland, Sweden, xvn.
752.
BORGIA, Alphonso de (Pope Calixlus
III.), iv. 707.
— , Co.>sar, son of Pope Alexander VI.,
iv. 53; I. 487, 489; xni. 481; his
influence in France, IX. 554; -Machi-
avelli's idealization of him, xv. 147.
— , St Francis, general of the Jesuits,
ix. 694; xm. 653.
— , Lueretia, daughter of Pope Alex
ander VI., iv. 53; I. 487, 489.
— , Rodrigo (Pope Alexander VI.), I.
487.
MAP, of 1 5th century, X. 180.
BORGNE, lake, Louisiana, xv. 20.
BORGO, town, Russian Finland, iv. 53.
BORGOGNONE, Ambrogio, Italian pain
ter, IX. 472; xxi. 437.
BORGO SAN DONNINO, town, Italy, iv.
54-
BORGS, ancient forts, Orkney and Shet
land, xvii. 848.
BORGU, district, Central Africa, iv. 54.
BORGUE, Scotland, ancient fort at, xiv.
98.
BORIC ACID, v. 520.
BORINAGE, district, Belgium, xvi. 761.
BORING, in mining, xvi. 443; vi. 61.
MACHINES, xv. 156; xvi. 443.
BORINQUEN (Porto Rico), island, West
Indies, xix. 533.
BORIS GODUNOFF, czar of Russia, xxi.
93-
BORISOFF, town, Russia, xvi. 479.
BORISSOGLIEBSK, town, Russia, iv. 54;
xxm. 41.
BORKHAUSEN, M. B., on German birds,
xvm. 9.
BORKU, district, Central Africa, IV. 54.
I3ORLASE, William, English naturalist,
iv. 54.
BORLASIA, genus of worms, xvn. 326.
BORMIO, town, Valtellina, North Italy,
xxiv. 45; mineral water of, xvi. 433;
xxiv. 45.
BORN, Ignatius, Baron von, Austrian
mineralogist, iv. 55.
BORNE, H., French potter, xix. 630.
BORNE, Ludwig, German satirist, iv.
55-
BORNEO, island, Indian Archipelago, iv.
55; II. 687; birds of, in. 763; coal
fields, vi. 59; forests, ix. 405.
, British North, xxi. 123.
- CORAL ISLANDS, Indian Ocean,
xiv. 26.
BORNHAUSER, T., Swiss poet, xxil.
799-
BORNHOLM, island, Denmark, iv. 60.
BORNITE, mineral, xvi. 393.
B 0 R — B O U
63
BORNU, or Bornon, kingdom, Central
Africa, iv. 60; I. 271; xxn. 279.
BOROCALCITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
BORODINO, Russia, Battle of (1812), IX.
616; xvn. 217; xxi. 101.
BORON, chemical element, v. 520, 532;
modifications of, xxiv. 627.
BORONATROCALCITE, mineral, iv. 50.
BORO-POOLOO, silkworm of Bengal,
xxn. 60.
BOROUGH, iv. 62; municipal, xvn. 27.
, The, Crabbe's poem, VI. 540.
BOROUGH-ENGLISH, succession custom,
iv. 64; xix. 733.
BOROVICHI, town, Eussia, iv. 64.
BOROVSK, town, Russia, iv. 64.
BORROMEAN ISLANDS, Lago Maggiore,
Italy, iv. 64; xv. 198.
BORROMEO, Carlo, saint and cardinal,
iv. 65; xxii. 791; his treatment of the
Jesuits, xin. 650.
BORROMINI, Francesco, Italian architect,
iv. 65.
BORRON, Helie de, French ruinancist,
XX. 645.
, Robert de, French romancist, xx.
644.
BORROWING, Ancient conditions of,
xxiv. 18.
BoRROWSTOUNNESS, or Bo'ness, town,
Scotland, iv. 65.
BORSIPPA, suburb of Babylon, ill. 183.
BORSO, duke of Modena, patron of
literature, vill. 558; xvi. 542.
BORULWASKI, Polish dwarf, vn. 568.
BORUSSIANS, tribes, Lithuania, xiv.
701.
BORY DE SAINT - VINCENT, French
naturalist, IV. 66.
BORYSTHENES (Dnieper), river, Russia,
vil. 306.
BORYSTHENIS, Greek colony, Scythia,
xvn. 753.
BORZNA, town, Russia, xxm. 96.
BOSA, town, Sardinia, IV. 66.
Bosc, Louis Augustine Guillaume,
French naturalist, IV. 66.
BOSCAN, Juan, Spanish poet, iv. 66;
xxii. 357, 363.
BOSCAWEN, Edward, British admiral,
iv. 66.
BOSCH, Johannes van den, governor of
Dutch East Indies, XII. 820; his cul
ture system in Java, XIII. 604.
BOSCHETTO, architect of Pisa cathedral,
xix. 122.
BOSCH VELD, bush country, Transvaal,
xxm. 518.
BOSCOVICH, Roger Joseph, Italian
mathematician, iv. 67; his theory of
atoms, in. 37.
BOSELAPHUS, genus of antelopes, xvn.
688.
Bos GRUNNIENS, ruminant mammal,
xxiv. 725.
BOSHETH, for Baal, in Hebrew proper
names, in. 175.
BosiO, Antonio, on the Catacombs of
Rome, v. 207.
-, Joseph, French sculptor, xxi. 564.
BOSJESMANS (Bushmen), African race,
iv. 575; i. 264.
BOSNA SERAI, town, European Turkey,
iv. 68.
BOSNIA, province, Turkey, IV. 68; ac
quired by Austria, xxm. 652.
BOSPHORUS, strait, IV. 68; ill. 797; xv.
820.
-, Kingdom of the, XIV. 52; coins
of, xvn. 645.
BOSS, in architecture, 1 1. 461.
Bossi, Giuseppe, Italian painter and
critic, iv. 69.
-, Giuseppe Carlo Aurelio, Baron de,
Italian poet, IV. 69.
BOSSU, Rene le, French critic, IV. 69.
BOSSUET, Jacques Benigne, French
ecclesiastic and orator, iv. 70; ix. 662;
his four propositions, IX. 578.
BOSTON, town, England, iv. 72.
— , town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., iv.
72; xxm. 822; revolutionary move
ment at (1768-70), vni. 358; xxm.
738; institution for the blind, III. 830;
libraries, xiv. 535, 550; newspapers,
xvn. 433.
-, Thomas, Scottish divine, IV. 77.
BOSTROM, Kristofer Jakob, Swedish
philosopher, xxn. 757.
BOSWELL, James, biographer of John
son, iv. 77; xin. 726; Croker's edition
of his life of Johnson, vi. 595.
BOSWELLIA, genus of gum-yielding
trees, ix. 709.
BoszoRMENY, Hajdu, town, Hungary,
XI. 377.
BOTANICAL SOCIETIES, xxn. 225.
BOTANIC GARDENS, their institution,
IV. So; at Kew, England, xiv. 55.
BOTANY, iv. 79 (index, 162); xix. 43;
XX. 423; xxiv. 124; scope of the
science, xxiv. 799; of America, I. 684;
European, vni. 690; of Himalayas, XL
831; Civsalpinus's work on, iv. 633;
Brown's contributions to, IV. 386; De
Candolle's, vn. 18; Jussieu's, xin.
788; Linnjeus's, xiv. 673; Lindley's,
xiv. 663; Ray's, xx. 301; Sprengel's,
xxn. 432 ; Theophrastus's, xxm.
277.
BAY, settlement, New South Wales,
iv. 164; xxn. 806.
BOTAURUS, genus of birds, XI. 761.
BOT-FLY, vn. 256; its larva parasitic,
xxiv. 205.
BOTH, Pieter, governor of Dutch East
Indies, xil. 820.
BOTHKAMP, Germany, observatory at,
xvii. 712.
BOTHNIA, province, Sweden, iv. 164.
— , Gulf of, in. 294; xxn. 738.
BOTHRIOCEPHALUS, genus of tape-
worms, XXIII. 54 ; spermatozoon of,
xx. 411.
BOTHWELL, village, Scotland, IV. 164.
-, Earl of, IV. 164; xv. 595; his re
lations with Mary, queen of Scots,
xxi. 504.
- BRIDGE, Scotland, Battle of (1679),
xiv. 251; xxi. 516.
BOTHY SYSTEM, in Scotland, i. 409.
BOTTA, Carlo Giuseppe Guglielmo,
Italian historian, iv. 164; Xin. 514.
— , Paul Emile, his Assyrian re
searches, iv. 165.
BOTTGER, Frederick, discoverer of porce
lain, xix. 639; xxi. 355.
BOTTICELLI, Sandro, Italian painter, iv.
165.
BOTTIGER, Karl August, German arch
aeologist, iv. 167.
BOTTLE, iv. 167; manufacture, x. 664.
BOTTLENOSE, bird, XX. IOI.
— , or True Dolphin, vn. 346; xv.
399-
- WHALE, xxiv. 525, 528. See also
xv. 397.
BOTTOM FISHING, in angling, n. 32.
BOTTOM-ICE, in the Baltic, in. 295.
BOTTOMRY, maritime contract, iv. 167;
in. 148.
BOTRYLLID/E, family of Tunicata, xxm.
617.
BOTRYOGENE, mineral, XVI. 402.
BOTRYOLITE, mineral, xvi. 409.
BOTY'S LAMP, for coal-mines, vi. 73.
BOTZEN, town, Austria, iv. 169.
BOUALI, town, Africa, IV. 1 78.
BOUCHES - DU - RHONE, department,
France, IV. 169.
BOUCHET, Jean, French poet, XX. 194.
BOUCNEMIA (Elephantiasis), disease,
vni. 126.
BOUFARIK, town, Algeria, iv. 169.
BOUFLERS, Due de, marshal of France,
iv. 169; ix. 581.
BOUGAINVILLE, Louis Antoine de,
French circumnavigator, IV. 169;
explorer of Tahiti, xxm. 24.
- ISLAND, South Pacific, xxn. 252.
BOUGIE, town, Algeria, iv. 170.
BOUGUER, Pierre, French mathe
matician, IV. 170; n. 757; VIL 598;
his wind-pressure guage, II. 24.
BOUHOURS, Dominique, French critic,
iv. 170.
BOUILLON, Godfrey de, crusader, IV.
171; vi. 624.
BOULAINVILLIERS, Henri de, French
writer, iv. 171; ix. 667.
BOULANGERITE, mineral, xvi. 395.
BOULDER-CLAY, geological formation,
x. 367-
BOULDERS, x. 368; in the Baltic, in.
295; x. 367. See also x. 281, 285.
BOULE, Andre Charles, inventor of buhl-
work, iv. 446.
BOULENGER, G. A., his classification of
reptiles, xx. 439.
BOULEUTERION, council-hall at Olym-
pia, Greece, xvn. 767.
64
B 0 IT — B 0 Y
BOULINIKON, floorcloth, IX. 330.
BOULOGNE-SUR-MER, town, France, IV.
171; xviii. 339; Louis Napoleon's
landing at (1840), xvu. 227.
BOULOGNE-SUR-SEINE, town, France,
xxi. 624.
BOULOU, spa, France, XX. 128.
BOULOUS, tribe, West Coast, Africa, x. 3.
BOULTON, Matthew, English engineer,
iv. 172; xxiv. 413.
BOUNTY, Mutiny of the, in. 826; xix.
132.
BOURBON, island, Indian Ocean, XX. 491.
, House of, iv. 173; connexion with
Capet family, v. 55; their rule in
France, IX. 565; in Italy, xm. 484;
XVII. 191; their restoration (1815), IX.
618; XVII. 223; the Family Compacts,
v. 68 1 ; IX. 590; XXII. 338; princes of
Conde, VI. 244; princes of Conti, VI.
3i9-
— , Charles de, constable of France, IX.
556.
, Louis August de, French savant,
xviii. 539.
BOURBON-LANCY, spa, France, xxi. 302.
BOURBON-L' ARCHAM BAULT, town,
France, iv. 174.
BOURBONNE-LES-BAINS, town, France,
iv. 174; XV. 562; mineral water of,
xvi. 434.
BOURBOULE, La, spa, France, xx. 120;
mineral water of, xvi. 435.
BOURCHIER, John, English writer, iv.
174.
BOURDALOUE, Louis, French preacher,
iv. 174; ix. 662.
BOURDEILLES, Pierre de (Brantome),
French historian, IV. 216.
BoURDELOT,his influence with Christina
of Sweden, v. 703.
BOURDON, organ stop, xvn. 830.
BOURDU, J., French potter, XIX. 630.
BOURG, town, France, iv. 175.
BOURGAS, town, Turkey, iv. 1 76.
BOURGELAT, Claude, French veterin
arian, iv. 176; xxiv. 198.
BOURGERY, Marc J., his treatise on
anatomy, I. 817.
BoURGES, town, France, IV. 176; uni
versity of, XXlll. 842.
BOURGET, lake, France, xiv. 218.
BOURG- LASTIC, coal-mines, France, xx.
120.
BOURGOGNE (Burgundy, q.v.), province,
France, IV. 535.
BOURGUET, Louis, Swiss writer, xxn.
798.
BOURIGNIANISM, heresy, IV. 177.
BOURIGNON, Antoinette, French enthu
siast, iv. 176.
BOURMONT, Comte de, his expedition
against Algiers, I. 566.
BOURNE, intermittent spring, Croydon,
England, vi. 621.
, Hugh, founder of Primitive
Methodism, xvi. 192.
BOURNE, Nicholas, publisher of early
English newspaper, xvu. 413.
, Vincent, English writer of Latin
verse, iv. 177.
-, William, English writer on naviga
tion, Xiv. 769.
BOURNEMOUTH, town, Hampshire, iv.
177.
BOURNONITE, mineral, xiv. 375; xvi.
395-
BOURO, island, Indian Archipelago, iv.
572.
BOURON, Robert of, French romancist,
xx. 644.
BOUROU, Cape, New Guinea, xvi I. 386.
BOURRIENNE, Louis A. F. de, biographer
of Napoleon I., iv. 177.
BOURSAULT, Edmund, French satirist,
IV. 178.
BOURSE, stock exchange, xxn. 557.
BOURSEL, Charles, on telephony, xxin.
128.
BOURTREE (Elder), tree, vn. 828.
BOUSHREVIEH, Hussein, propagator of
Babism, in. 180.
BOUSSA, town, Africa, I v. 1 78, 54.
BOUTARGUE, French condiment, XV.
580.
BOUTERWEK, Friedrich, German philo
sopher, IV. 178.
BOUTHILLIER DE RANGE, abbot of La
Trappe, xx in. 523.
BOUTTEVILLE, Count de, French duel
list, vu. 513.
BOUTY, Edmond, his researches in
magnetism, xv. 257.
BOUVARDIA, stove plant, xn. 265.
Bou VINES, Flanders, Battle of (1214),
ix. 542.
BOUVRAY, France, Battle of (1429), IX.
549-
BOVALI, town, Loango, Africa, iv. 178.
BOVES, township, Italy, IV. 178.
BOVIANUM (Bojano), ancient town,
Italy, xxi. 249.
BOVID^E, family of ungulate mammals,
xv. 432.
BOVILL^E, ancient town, Italy, xiv.
344-
BOVINO, town, Italy, iv. 178.
Bow, form of salutation, xxi. 236.
, London, Porcelain of, XIX. 641.
, Violin, xxiv. 242, 246.
AND ARROWS, n. 371 ; ancient, n.
554; manufacture of, II. 376.
BOWAIB, Battle of (c. 635), xviii. 616.
BOWDICH, Thomas Edward, English
traveller, IV. 178.
BOWDITCH, Nathaniel, American mathe
matician, iv. 178.
BOWDLER, John, English hymn-writer,
XII. 595.
, Thomas, editor of Shakespeare,
xxi. 768.
BOWEL, Anatomy of the, vu. 225.
BOWER, Walter, Scottish chronicler,
IX. 397; XXI. 540.
BOWER ANCHORS, n. 5, 7.
BOWES CASTLE, Yorkshire, England,
xxiv. 749.
Bow FELL, mountain, England, xxiv.
5i3-
Bow-FlN, fish, XII. 688.
BOWKING, in bleaching, ill. 815.
Bow LEG, Surgical treatment of, xxn.
692.
BOWLES, Caroline Ann (Mrs Southey),
English poetess, xxn. 289.
, William Lisle, English poet, iv.
178.
BOWLINE KNOT, xiv. 128.
BOWLS, game, iv. 179.
-, ancient plate, xix. 178.
BOWNESS, town, England, XXIV. 516.
BOWRING, Sir John, English writer, iv.
181.
Bows, river, Nebraska, U.S.A., xvu.
3°7-
BOWSPRIT, of ships, xxi. 153.
BOXING, in athletics, xxiv. 691 ; ancient
x. 64.
BOXWOOD, IV. 181; used for carving,
xxiv. 645.
BOYACA, town, Colombia, iv. 182.
BOYCE, Hector, Scottish historian, in.
849; xxi. 541.
— , William, English musical com
poser, iv. 182.
BOYCOTT, The, in United States, xxin.
786.
BOYD, Scottish family, time of James
III., xxi. 495.
, Zachary, Scottish clergyman, iv.
182.
BOYDELL, John, English engraver, iv.
182.
BOYER, Abel, English writer, IV. 182.
— , Alexis, French surgeon, iv. 182.
, Jean Baptiste, French physician,
iv. 183.
-, Jean Pierre, president of Hayti,
iv. 183.
BOYLE, town, Ireland, XX. 850.
, Charles, carl of Orrery, iv. 183; in.
54-
-, Elizabeth, wife of Spenser, xxn.
395-
-, John, earl of Cork and Orrery, iv.
183-
— , Richard, earl of Cork, IV. 183.
— , Richard, earl of Cork and Burling
ton, iv. 184.
-, Robert, British physicist, iv. 184;
his contributions to chemistry, v. 460;
to electricity, vin. 3; his interest in
Christian missions, xvi. 514.
-, Roger, earl of Orrery, soldier and
statesman, IV. 185.
- LECTURES, found ed by Robert
Boyle, iv. 184.
BOYLE'S LAW, of gases, xxn. 479; in.
35, 39; vn. 804; xvi. 611; xix. 241;
xxin. 287.
BOYL-YA, in Australian magic, xv. 199.
BOYNE, river, Ireland, iv. 185; xv. 668;
battle of the (1690), xni. 268; xxi.
BOYSE, John, translator of English Bible,
iv. 1 86.
Boz, Sketches by, Dickens's work, vn.
174.
BOZEMAN, town, Montana, U.S.A., xvi.
774-
BOZEN, town, Austria, iv. 169.
BOZRAH, Scripture cities, IV. 186.
BOZZARIS, Marcos, Greek patriot, iv.
1 86.
BRA, town, Italy, IV. 186.
BRABANT, district, Netherlands, IV. 186.
, North, province, Holland, iv. 187.
, South, province, Belgium, IV. 187-
BRACCIOLINI, Francesco, Italian poet,
iv. 187.
, Gian Francesco Poggio, Italian
humanist, xix. 274; author of Facetiae,
I. 784-
BRACE, boring tool, xi. 438.
BRACELET, iv. 187.
BRACHELYTRA, group of beetles, vi.
130.
BRACHIOPODA, class of invertebrate
animals, IV. 188; XIX. 429, 440; in
Lankester's classification, xxiv. 813.
BRACK ISTOCHRONE, curve of swiftest
descent, xv. 643, 710.
BRACHIUM, upper arm, in man, I. 826;
in mammals, xv. 358.
BRACHYCERA, group of insects, xni.
150.
BRACHYDOME, crystal, xvi. 360.
BRACHYLOGUS, book of Roman law, iv.
196.
BRACHYLOPHUS, genus of lizards, xn.
700.
BRACHYMYSTAX, genus of Salmonidas,
xxi. 221.
BRACHYPTERACIAS, genus of birds, xx.
627.
BRACHYTARSOMYS, genus of rodent
mammals, xvn. 6.
BRACHYURUS, genus of apes, n. 154.
BRACKENRIDGE, Hugh H., American
author, I. 722.
BRACKET, in architecture, n. 461.
BRACTON, Henry de, English jurist, IV.
196; his connexion with the Britton,
IV- 355-
BRACTS, of plants, iv. 119.
BRADANUS, river, Lucania, Italy, xv.
37-
BRADAWL, boring tool, XL 438.
BRADFORD, Wilts, England, Saxon
church at, xxiv. 595.
, town, Yorkshire, England, IV. 197;
xxiv. 748; its silk manufacture, xxn.
63-
, John, English martyr, IV. 198.
, William, colonial printer, Phil
adelphia, xvin. 740.
BRADING, Isle of Wight, England,
Roman villa at, xxiv. 562.
B 0 Y - - B R A
BRADLAUGH, Charles, English journalist
and politician, xxm. 312.
BRADLEY, James, British astronomer,
IV. 198; II. 756; xvn. 260; his dis
covery of aberration of light, I. 48.
BRADSHAW, Henry, English poet, iv.
198.
, Henry, on Barbour's poems, III.
364-
, John, judge of Charles I., IV. 198.
BRADWARDIN, Thomas, archbishop of
Canterbury, IV. 199.
BRADY, Nicholas, translator of the
Psalms, iv. 199; his Psalms and
Hymns, XII. 590.
BRADYPODID^E, family of edentate
mammals, xv. 384; xxii. 161.
BRAEMAR FOREST, Scotland, i. 44.
BRAGA, town, Portugal, iv. 199; xix.
537; XXII. 307.
BRAGANCA, or Braganza, town, Por
tugal, iv. 199; xxm. 525.
BRAGANZA, Ducal family of, xix. 545,
548.
BRAGG, Braxton, American general,
xxm. 778, 788.
BRAGI, Northern god, I. 211.
BRAHAM, John, English vocalist and
composer, iv. 199.
BRAKE, Tycho, Danish astronomer, iv.
200; II. 752; Xiv. 46; on the lunar
theory, xvi. 800 ; his patronage of
Longomontanus, Xiv. 866 ; his rela
tions with Napier, xvn. 182; his
observatory on Huen island, xvn.
709.
BRAHMA, Hindu deity, iv. 207; xxiv.
118; figure of, vin. 126.
— FOWLS, xix. 645.
BRAHMANAS, Sanskrit theological
writings, XXI. 273,276; mythic stories
in them, xvn. 152.
BRAHMANBARIA, town, India, xxm.
405.
BRAHMANI, river, India, v. 243.
BRAHMANICAL LAW, xn. 782; xxi.
287.
BRAHMANISM, iv. 201; xn. 782, 785;
xx. 360; its relations to Lamaism,
xiv. 227.
BRAHMANS, Hindu caste, v. 188;
among the Mahrattas, XV. 289.
BRAHMAPUTRA, river, Tibet and India,
iv. 2iij n. 718; xii. 732; xxm. 341.
BRAHMA SAMAJ, theistic church, India,
iv. 200; xvi. 518; xxi. 35.
BRAHMEGUPTA, Oriental algebraist, i.
BRAHMS, Johannes, musical composer,
xvn. 97.
BRAHOES, race of people, Baluchistan,
in. 300, 303.
BRAID, James, on neuro-hypnotism, xv.
278.
BRAIDWOOD, Thomas, teacher of deaf-
mutes, vn. 6.
BRAILA, town, Roumania, xn. 610.
65
BRAIN, of apes, n. 164; of birds, in.
724; of fishes, XII. 650; of mammals,
xv. 366.
, The human, anatomy of, I. 869;
Sir Charles Bell on anatomy of, ill.
541 ; physiology of, xix. 32; circulation
in, xix. 42; diseases of, xx. 431;
xill. 95; paralysis caused by disease of,
xviii. 255; membranes of, I. 864;
in relation to phrenology, xviii. 842;
during sleep, xxn. 155; weight of, n.
108.
BRAINERD, David, missionary to Ameri
can Indians, IV. 211.
BRAINTREE, town, England, iv. 211.
BRAITHWAITE, Richard, pastoral poet,
xviii. 347.
BRAJ BHASHA, Indian dialect, XL 840.
BRAKE, iv. 211; xv. 770; railway,
xx. 248.
-, town, Germany, I v. 211.
BRAMAH, Joseph, English machinist,
iv. 213.
BRAMAH'S LOCK, xiv. 744.
BRAMANTE, Lazzari, Italian architect
and painter, iv. 213; n. 438; xx. 836.
BRAMANTINO (Bartolommeo Suardi),
Italian painter, xxn. 615.
BRAMBANAN, Hindu ruins, Java, IV.
214.
BRAMBER, town, England, xxn. 724.
B RAMBLING, bird, IX. 193.
BRAMHALL, John, bishop of Derry,
his discussion with Hobbes, XII. 36;
his oppression of Presbyterians, xni.
266.
BRANAS, Alexis, Byzantine general,
xni. 374.
BRANCA, Giovanni, designer of a steam-
engine, xxn. 473.
BRANCACCI CHAPEL, Florence, paint
ings in, xv. 606.
BRANCALEONE DEGLI ANDALO, Roman
senator, xx. 796.
BRANCHES, of plants, iv. 97.
BRANCHIOBDELLID^E, family of leeches,
xiv. 405.
BRANCHIOPODA, division of Crustacea,
vi. 663.
BRANCHIOSTOMA, genus of fishes, xn.
695; xiv. 258.
BRANCOVAN, Constantine, voivode of
Walachia, xxi. 17.
BRANDE, William Thomas, English
chemist, IV. 214.
BRANDENBURG, province, Prussia, iv.
214; xx. 14, 16; mark of, xx. 2;
royal house of, x. 495.
, town, Prussia, iv. 214; terra-cotta
work at, xxm. 194.
BRANDES, Georg, Danish critic, vn. 93.
BRANDIS, Christian August, German
writer, iv. 215.
BRANDISHING, in architecture, n. 461.
BRANDISITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
BRANDT, Count, Danish courtier, vn.
87-
XXV. — 9
66
B R A — B R E
BRANDT, Geeraerdt, Dutch writer, xn.
95-
, Joliann Friedrich, on birds, XVIII.
25, 42, 45.
, Sebastian, German satirist, iv. 215;
x. 527.
BRANDY, spirituous liquor, iv. 216;
distillation of, vn. 264.
BRANDYWINE, U.S.A., Battle of (1777),
xxni. 744.
BRANKOVICH, George, despot of Servia,
xxi. 689, 690.
BRANKS, disease, xvi i. 22.
BRANT, Isabella, wife of Rubens, xxi.
42.
BRANTAS, river, Java, xm. 601.
BRANTFORD, town, Canada, iv. 216.
BRANTOME, Seigneur de, French his
torian, iv. 216; ix. 654.
BRANXHOLM CASTLE, Roxburgh, Scot
land, xxi. 34.
BRASCHI, Giovanni Angelo (Pope Pius
VI.), xix. 154.
BRAS-DE-FER (Fra^ois de la Noue),
Huguenot captain, xiv. 289.
BRAS D' OR, lake, Nova Scotia, xvn.
602.
BRASENOSE COLLEGE, Oxford, xvm.
96.
BRASIDAS, Spartan general, iv. 216.
BRASS, alloy of copper and zinc, iv.
217; its composition, VI. 351; xxiv.
784; strength of, xxn. 603.
BRASSAC, France, coal-mines at, xx.
119.
BRASSAGE, cost of coining, xvi. 725.
BRASSES, Monumental, iv. 219; vn.
694.
BRASSEY, Thomas, English railway con
tractor, iv. 219.
BRASS-HORN, musical instrument, xvn.
778.
BRASSICA, genus of plants, iv. 617;
xvn. 112; xx. 273.
BRASS-WORK, xvi. 71.
BRATSLAFF, town, Russia, xix. 254.
BRATTISHING, in architecture, II. 461.
BRATTLEBORO, town, Vermont, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 167.
BRATTON, Wilts, England, British re
mains at, xxiv. 594.
BRAULIEVE MOUNTAINS, Ireland, xx.
849-
BRAUNITE, mineral, xv. 479; xvi.
387-
BRAUNSBERG, town, Prussia, iv. 220.
BRAUNSCHWEIG (Brunswick, q.v.\
duchy, Germany, iv. 401.
BRAVA, Cape Verd Islands, v. 52.
BRAVAISITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
BRAVO DEL NORTE, river, New
Mexico, U.S.A., xvn. 400.
BRAVOS, town, Mexico, xvi. 214.
BRAWNE, Fanny, Keats's letters to,
xiv. 24.
BRAY, town, Ireland, iv. 220; xxiv.
557-
BRAY, Sir Reginald, English architect,
iv. 220.
, Dr Thomas, missionary to Ameri
can Indians, IV. 220.
BRAYNFORD (Brentford), town, Eng
land, iv. 258.
BRAZEN BULL, of Phalaris, xvin. 730.
BRAZIL, iv. 221; I. 712; its connexion
with Portugal, I. 710; birds of, ill.
746; proportion of coloured race in,
xvii. 320; cotton supply, VI. 485;
diamond mines, VII. 164; forests, IX.
406; Indian tribes, XII. 829; libraries,
xiv. 536, 551; national debt, xvn.
247; newspapers, xvii. 437; observa
tory at Rio, xvn. 716 ; prison system,
xix. 759; railways, xx. 252; slavery
in, xxil. 142.
, Island of, IV. 241.
CURRENT, in Atlantic, in. 20.
BRAZILIAN RUBY, or Burnt Topaz,
xxni. 446.
BRAZIL NUT, iv. 241.
BRAZIL-NUT OIL, xvii. 744, 746.
BRAZIL WOOD, iv. 241; iv. 226.
BRAZOS, river, Texas, xxiil. 203.
BRAZZA, island, Adriatic Sea, iv. 241.
BRAZZAVILLE, town, on Congo, Africa,
xxiv. 765.
BREACH OF PROMISE OF MARRIAGE,
xxiv. 643.
BREAD, Manufacture of, in. 250; adul
terations of, I. 170.
BREADALBANE, district, Scotland, xvin.
667.
BREAD AND SALT, bond, xxi. 134.
BREAD FRUIT, iv. 241; in Polynesia,
xix. 419.
BREAD NUT, xvn. 664.
BREAKERS, their formation, xxiv. 419.
BREAKING, of hunting horses, xn. 188.
BREAKSPEARE, Nicholas (Pope Adrian
IV.), i. 165.
BREAKWATER, iv. 242; construction of,
XI. 459; at Cherbourg, v. 585; at
Holyhead, xii. 105.
BREAM, fish, xn. 692; angling for, n.
42.
BREAST, xvi. 302; cancer of the, xvin.
383-
BREAST-ARMOUR, vi. 693.
BREASTPLATE, Jewish high priest's, x.
138-
BREATHING, or Respiration, xx. 474;
movements of muscles in, I. 835;
disordered, n. 736; restoration of, in
apparently drowned, VII. 475.
BRE-BUNG, convent, Lhasa, xiv. 501.
BRECCIA, rock, x. 237.
BRECHE, Charles de, betrayer of
Pallavicino, xvin. 189.
BRECHIN, town, Scotland, iv. 242.
BRECKINRIDGE, John Cabell, American
politician, xxiil. 772, 774, 788.
BRECKNOCK PENINSULA, Tierra del
Fuego, xxni. 384.
BRECON, or Brecknock, county, Wales,
iv. 243; population and represen
tation, XXIIL 727; town, iv. 244.
BREDA, town, Holland, iv. 244.
, Jan van, Dutch painter, IV. 244.
, Surrender of, Velazquez's picture,
xxiv. 135.
BREDAL, Niels Krog, Norse dramatist,
xvn. 590.
BREDEROO, Gerbrand Adriaanssen,
Dutch writer, xn. 94.
BREDOW, suburb of Stettin, Prussia,
xxn. 543.
, Gabriel Gottfried, German histo
rian, iv. 244.
BREECHES BIBLE, vin. 387.
BREECH-LOADER, gun, XL 280,
BREEDING OF ANIMALS, i. 389, 393; iv.
244; xxi. 722.
BREEDS AND BREEDING, iv. 244; in
relation to natural selection, XXiv. 78.
BREGENTZ, or Bregenz, town, Tyrol,
Austria, IV. 251; xxiv. 297.
BREHON LAW, ancient Irish law, iv.
252; landholding under it, XIII. 218.
BREIDDEN HILLS, England and Wales,
xvi. 788; xxi. 847.
BREISLACKITE, mineral, xvi. 416.
BREISLAK, Scipione, Italian geologist,
iv. 255.
BREITHAUPTITE, mineral, xvi. 393.
BREITINGER, J. J., Swiss writer, x. 533;
xxn. 797.
BRELLINGTON (Bridlington), town,
England, iv. 342.
BREMANGERLAND, island, Norway, xvn.
576.
BREMEN, free town, Germany, IV. 255.
BREMER, Fredrika, Swedish novelist,
iv. 256; xxn. 757.
— BEITRAGE, in German literature, x.
533-
BREMERHAVEN, town, Germany, iv.
257.
BREMETENRACUM (Penrith), Roman
town, England, xvin. 504.
BREMNER PRINTING-MACHINE, XXIIL
706.
BRENDAN, St, early Irish navigator, xm.
250.
BRENNAN TORPEDO, xxni. 451.
BRENNER PASS, Tyrolese Alps, i. 629.
BRENNUS, Celtic kings, iv. 257.
BRENNY, district, Leitrim, Ireland, xiv.
433-
BRENT, river, England, xvi. 279.
BRENTA, river, Italy, xm. 436.
BRENTANO, Clemens, German writer,
iv. 257; x. 542.
BRENTFORD, town, England, iv. 258;
xvi. 280.
BRENT-GOOSE, bird, x. 778.
BRENTHID.E, family of insects, xxiv.
477-
BRENT'S HILL, ancient fortress, Eng
land, xvii. 598.
BRENZ, John, his scheme of church
order, xix. 676.
B R E — B 11 I
67
BREOGAN, in Irish legend, xm. 244.
BRERA, Picture Gallery of the, Milan,
xvi. 291.
BRESCIA, province, Italy, iv. 258.
, town, Italy, iv. 258; its ancient
college, xxni. 834; pictures in, xxi.
447; its school of painting, xxi. 436,
443-
BRESLAU, town, Prussian Silesia, iv.
258; XX. 16; xxn. 53; libraries, XIV.
546; observatory, XVII. 712; univer
sity, xxni. 846.
BRESLE, river, France, xxn. 261.
BRESSAY, island, Shetland, Scotland,
xvii. 846.
BRESSUIRE, town, France, xxi. 710.
BREST, town, France, iv. 259.
, old town, Labrador, iv. 177.
BREST-LITOVSK, town, Russia, iv. 260.
BRETAGNE (Brittany, q.v.), province,
France, iv. 354.
BRETHREN, or Plymouth Brethren,
religious sect, XIX. 238.
OF THE COMMON LIFE, religious
community, XL 207; xvi. 711; xvii.
134; as educationists, VII. 672.
BRETIGNY, Peace of (1360), ix. 547.
BRETON, Nicholas, pastoral poet, xvm.
347-
, P., on porisms, XIX. 520.
- DE LOS HERREROS, Manuel,
Spanish dramatist, xxn. 361.
- LANGUAGE, ¥.298, 327; dictionaries
of, vii. 1 88.
LITERATURE, v. 324.
BRETONNE, Eestif de la, French writer,
xx. 486.
BRETONS, people of Brittany, iv. 354.
BRETSCHNEIDER, Karl Gottlieb, German
scholar, iv. 260.
BRETWALDAS, rulersof Britain, vni. 271.
BREUGHEL, Jan, Flemish painter, iv.
262.
, Peeter, Flemish caricaturist, IV.
262; v. 104.
BREUNI, Rhtetian people, xx. 505.
BREUNNERITE, mineral, xvi. 397.
BREVE DE RECTO, in English law,
xxiv. 694.
BREVE TESTATUM, in English law,
xxiv. 693.
BREVIARIUM ALARICANUM, Roman
law, iv. 262; i. 443; xxi. 216.
BREVIARY, church service book, iv.
263; English, viii. 378; Roman, xiv.
709.
BREVOORTIA TYRANNUS, species of
fishes, xvi. 10.
BREWERIES, of Burton, England, iv.
572.
BREWING, iv. 264; xv. 308.
BREWSTER,Sir David, Scottish physicist,
iv. 276; inventor of kaleidoscope,
XIII. 826; in relation to invention of
stereoscope, xxn. 538; on the analysis
of light, xvii. 802; on polarization
of light, Xiv. 611.
BREWSTERITE, mineral, xvi. 422.
BRIAN BOROIMHE, legendary Irish
king, v. 308; xm. 253.
BRIANCHON'S THEOREM, in geometry,
x. 397-
BRIANC.ON, town, France, iv. 277.
BRIANSK, town, Russia, iv. 277; xxi.
89-
BRIARE, town, France, xiv. 809.
BRIAREUS, in Greek mythology, iv. 277.
BRIAR-ROOT PIPE, for tobacco, xix.
112.
BRIBERY, iv. 278; Greek proverb about,
vi. 754.
BRICK, iv. 279; as building material,
IV. 448; combination of, with stone,
II. 457; strength of, xxil. 603. See
Bricks.
— , Fire, ix. 238.
ARCHITECTURE, in Germany, n.
432.
FACINGS, Roman, xx. 809
BRICKLAYING, iv. 460.
BRICKMAKING, iv. 280.
BRICKS, iv. 279; ancient, XIX. 604, 619;
ancient enamelled, vm. 182; of Baby
lon, in. 185, 189; glazed, in wall-linings,
xvii. 35.
BRICK TEA, xxm. 99.
BRICK TOWERS, in Spain, n. 434.
BRICKWORK, in building, iv. 457.
BRIDAINE, Jacques, French preacher,
iv. 284.
BRIDE OF LAMMERMOOR (Janet Dal-
rymple), XXII. 444.
BRIDES, Savoy, mineral water of, xvi.
434-
BRIDGE, iv. 284; at Brooklyn, U.S.A.,
xvii. 465; at Dirschau, Prussia, vii.
257; suspension, at Kieff, Russia, XIV.
69; suspension, ancient, in Peru, I.
697; at St Louis, U.S.A., xxi. 185.
FORTIFICATION, ix. 435.
BRIDGENORTH (Bridgnorth), town, Eng
land, iv. 284 ; xxi. 648.
BRIDGE OF ALLAN, town, Scotland,
XXIL 544.
BRIDGEPORT, town, Connecticut, U.S.A.,
iv. 284.
BRIDGES, iv. 284 (index, 341); pontoon,
XIX. 456; railway, xx. 233; Roman,
xx. 831; skewed, II. 331; Venetian,
XXIV. 148. See Bridge.
BRIDGET, St, of Ireland, iv. 342.
— , St, of Sweden, iv. 342; XXII. 753;
nuns of, xvi. 711.
BRIDGETOWN, town, Barbados, in. 359.
BRIDGEWATER (Bridgwater), town, Eng
land, iv. 342; XXIL 258.
, Third Duke of, IV. 342.
, Eighth Earl of, IV. 342.
— CANAL, iv. 342, 783.
- TREATISES, iv. 342.
BRIDGNORTH, town, England, iv. 284;
xxi. 648.
BRIDGWATER, town, England, iv. 342 ;
xxii. 258.
BRIDLE, Horse, xn. 198.
BRIDLINGTON, town, England, iv. 342.
BRIDPORT, town, England, iv. 343.
BRIE, district, Seine-et-Marne, France,
xxi. 625.
BRIEF, papal letter, iv. 520.
BRIEG, town, Prussia, iv. 343.
-, town, Switzerland, xxiv. 31.
BRIEL, or Brielle, town, Holland, IV. 343.
BRIENNE, France, Battle of (1814), xvii.
221.
— , Jean de, crusader in Egypt, vn.
754-
BRIENZ, lake, Switzerland, xiv. 218;
xxii. 777.
BRIER, plant, xx. 851.
BRIERE DE L'ISLE, French general,
xxni. 441.
BRIGADE, subdivision of an army, IV.
343-
BRIGADE-MAJOR, iv. 343.
BRIGADIER, iv. 343.
BRIGANTES, British tribe, iv. 353.
BRIGANTIA (Bregentz), ancient town,
Tyrol, IV. 251.
BRIGANTIUM (Briangon), ancient town,
France, iv. 277.
BRIGGS, Henry, English mathematician,
IV- 343! XVII. 1 80; his logarithms,
xiv. 773; xxm. 9.
BRIGHT, Richard, English physician,
xv. 8 1 6.
BRIGHTHELMSTONE (Brighton, q.v.),
town, England, IV. 345.
BRIGHTLING HILL, Sussex, England,
xxn. 723.
BRIGHTNESS, intensity of light, xxiv.
423, 429, 433, 437.
BRIGHTON, town, England, iv. 344;
xxii. 725; aquarium at, II. 218.
BRIGHT'S DISEASE, iv. 345; xvm. 387,
388; diet in, vn. 206.
BRIGNOLES, town, France, iv. 346;
xxiv. 69.
BRIHTNOTH, East-Saxon earl, vm. 287.
BRIL (Briel), town, Holland, iv. 343.
— , Paul, Flemish painter, iv. 346.
BRILL, fish, xn. 692.
BRILLIANTS (Diamonds), Cutting of, vn.
165; xiv. 299.
BRIMSTONE, sulphur of commerce,
xxn. 634.
BRINDISI, town, Italy, iv. 346.
BRINDLEY, James, English engineer,
iv. 346, 783.
BRINE-SHRIMP, crustacean, vi. 663.
BRINE-SPRINGS, x. 271.
BRINIATES, Ligurian tribe, xiv. 640.
BRINJARIS, tribe, India, xv. 185.
BRINK, R. C. B. van den, Dutch critic,
xii. 98.
BRINKBURN PRIORY, Northumberland,
England, XVII. 568.
BRIOCUS, St, Welsh missionary, XXI.
159.
BRION, Frederike, friend of Goethe, X.
724.
68
B R I — B R O
BRION, Simon de (Pope Martin IV.),
xv. 582.
BRIONIAN ISLANDS, Adriatic Sea, xix.
284.
BRIONNAIS, district, France, xxi. 301.
BRIONY, Black, plant, xxiv. 727.
BRIOT, Fran§ois, Swiss metal-worker,
xix. 184.
BRIOUDE, town, France, iv. 347; bridge
at, iv. 332.
BRIOVIRA (St L6), ancient town, France,
xxi. 182.
BRISBANE, town, Queensland, iv. 347.
, Sir Thomas M., astronomer, iv.
347; his observatory, at Paramatta,
New South Wales, xvn. 716.
BRISSON, Mathurin Jacques, French
naturalist, iv. 347; on birds, XVlil. 5.
BRISSOT, Jean Pierre, Girondist, iv.
347-
— , Pierre, French physician, XV. 808.
BRISTLES, Economic uses of, XL 376; in
brush-making, iv. 403.
BRISTOL, town, England, iv. 348;
siege of (1645), xxi. 62; St Augustine's
abbey, I. 19; libraries, xiv. 521, 542;
newspapers, xvn. 421; porcelain
works, xix. 642.
, town, Rhode Island, U.S.A., iv.
352.
, Earl of, persecution of, by Charles
I., v. 404.
BRITAIN, Ancient, iv. 352; history of,
vni. 263; Caesar's invasion of, IV. 636;
under the Romans, XX. 775, 780; their
influence on the language, v. 317;
coins of, xvn. 636; Celtic dialects of,
V. 298.
BRITANNIA, iv. 352. See Britain.
, Camden's work, IV. 734.
BRIDGE, across Menai Straits,
Wales, iv. 334; xx. 234.
METAL, XVIIL 725.
ROMANA, Horsley's work, xn.
200.
BRITANNICUS, son of the Roman
emperor Claudius, iv. 354; xvil. 348.
, Racine's drama, xx. 206.
BRITANNY (Brittany, q.v.), province,
France, IV. 354.
BRITFORD, Wilts, England, Gothic arch
way in church, II. 425.
BRITISH ALMANAC, i. 591.
BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE
SOCIETY, in. 649.
BRITISH AND FOREIGN SCHOOL
SOCIETY, xiv. 258.
BRITISH ARMY, Historical sketch of the,
n. 568.
BRITISH ASSOCIATION, its origin, iv.
277.
BRITISH COLUMBIA, North America,
vi. 169.
BRITISH GUIANA, XL 249.
BRITISH HONDURAS, xn. 132.
BRITISH KAFFRARIA, South Africa,
xiii. 816.
BRITISH MUSEUM, London, xiv. 837;
under Panizzi, xvm. 212; library of,
Xiv. 515.
BRITISH NORTH BORNEO, xxi. 123.
BRITISH SUBJECTS, their privileges, I.
575-
BRITO, port, Nicaragua, xvn. 477.
, Bernardo de, Portuguese historian,
Xix. 557.
BRITONS, Ancient, iv. 352; vm. 263;
XXI. 472; ethnic character and dis
tribution of, v. 301.
BRITONUM HISTORIA, Nennius's work,
xvn. 332.
BRITTANY, province, France, iv. 354;
ancient stone monuments of, XXI. 5 1 ;
dukes of, xx. 401.
BRITTLE-STARS, order of Echinoder-
mata, vil. 634.
BRITTON, summary of early English
law, iv. 355.
-, John, English antiquary, IV. 355.
BRIVA ISAR^E (Pontoise), ancient town,
France, XIX. 456.
BRIVES-LA-GAILLARDE, town, France,
iv. 356-
BRIXEN, town, Tyrol, iv. 356.
BRIXHAM, town, England, iv. 356; its
fisheries, IX. 249.
BRIXIA (Brescia), ancient town, Italy,
iv. 258.
BROACH, district and town, India, IV. 356.
, boring tool, xi. 438.
BROAD ARROW, in heraldry, XL 703.
BROAD-BOTTOM ADMINISTRATION,
England, v. 441.
BROAD LAW, mountain, Scotland, xvm.
451.
BROADSIDE, or Broadsheet, pamphlet,
XVIIL 204.
BROADSTAIRS, town, England, iv. 357.
BROADWAY, New York, xvn. 458.
BROADWOOD, James, pianoforte maker,
xix. 76.
, John, pianoforte maker, XIX. 74.
BROCCHI, Giovanni Battista, Italian
geologist, iv. 357.
BROCCOLI, vegetable, IV. 618; xn. 279.
BROCHANTITE, mineral, xvi. 401.
BROCKS, Scottish round towers, xvn.
848; xxi. 22.
BROCKEDON'S BLACK-LEAD PENCILS,
xvm. 490.
BROCKEN, mountain, Germany, XL 507;
spectre of the, XI. 399.
BROCKES, Barthold H., German poet,
x. 532.
BROCKHAUS, Friedrich Arnold, German
publisher, iv. 357; publisher of
Conversations-Lexicon, vm. 203.
BROCKLESBY, Richard, English physi
cian, iv. 357.
BRODERIP, William John, English natu
ralist, iv. 358.
BRODIE, Sir Benjamin Collins, English
surgeon, IV. 358.
BRODY, town, Austria, iv. 359.
BRODZINSKI, Casimir, Polish poet, xix.
3°4-
BROEKHUIZEN, Jan, Dutch scholar, iv.
382.
BROGHILL, Lord (Roger Boyle), soldier
and statesman, IV. 185.
BROGLIE, Achille L. V. C., Due de,
French statesman, IV. 359.
, Albert, Due de, IV. 360.
, Victor Frangois, Due de, marshal
of France, IV. 359; ix. 590.
BROILING, of meat, vi. 332.
BROKEN HEART, The, Ford's tragedy,
ix. 395.
BROKER, intermediate agent, iv. 360;
member of stock exchange, xxn. 557.
, Nicolas, English sculptor, xxi.
559-
BROKERAGE, Calculation of, n. 536.
BROMBERG, town, Prussia, iv. 360.
BROME, Alexander, English poet, iv. 36 1 .
, Richard, English dramatist, iv.
36i.
BROMIDES, in chemistry, iv. 361; of
potassium, Xix. 592; of silver, xxn.
72.
BROMIDROSIS, skin disease, xxn. 120.
BROMINE, chemical element, IV. 361;
v. 490; as a poison, xix. 279.
BROMITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
BROMLEY, town, England, iv. 362; xiv.
822.
BROMSGROVE, town, England, iv. 362;
xxiv. 666.
BROMWICH, West, town, England, xxiv.
506.
BRONCHIAL TUBES, air-passages, xx.
475-
BRONCHITIS, disease, iv. 362.
BRONCHOCELE (Goitre), disease, X. 739.
BRONCHO-PNEUMONIA, disease, xix.
250.
BRONDSTED, Peter Oluf, Danish arch
aeologist, iv. 364.
BRONGNIART, Alexandre, French min
eralogist, iv. 364; on reptiles, xx.
434-
BRONGNIARTINE, mineral, xvi. 400.
BRONTE, town, Sicily, iv. 364.
, Anne, English writer, iv. 366.
•, Charlotte, English novelist, IV.
364-
, Emily, English writer, IV. 366.
BRONZE, alloy of copper and tin, iv. 366;
composition of, VI. 351; early Greek
casting of, II. 348; strength of, xxn.
603; ancient weapons of, n. 553.
— , Manganese, XIII. 352.
AGE, II. 122; existing remains of,
n. 339-
BRONZES, ancient, iv. 367; Etruscan,
vni. 642.
BRONZE-WORK, xvi. 71; Japanese,
xin. 591; Sicyonian, xxn. 32; Vene
tian, xxiv. 156.
BRONZING, iv. 367.
BRONZITE, mineral, xvi. 415.
R 0 — B K U
69
BROOCH, ornamental pin, IV. 369.
BROOKE, Frances, English novelist, IV.
369-
, Henry, English writer, IV. 369.
-, Sir James, rajah of Sarawak, IV.
369, 60; XXL 306.
BROOKES, Joshua, English anatomist, iv.
370.
BROOK FARM ASSOCIATION, United
States, xx. 567.
BROOKITE, mineral, xvi. 387; xxm.4io.
BROOKLYN, town, New York, U.S.A.,
iv. 370 ; xvn. 457 ; xxm. 822 ;
libraries at, XI v. 5 50.
BRIDGE, New York, xvn. 465.
BROOKS, Charles Shirley, English writer,
iv. 371.
, Maria, American poetess, I. 731.
BROOM, for sweeping, iv. 403.
BROOME, William, English writer, iv. 372.
BROOMRAPES, parasitic plants, xvm.
265.
BRORA, town, Scotland, xxn. 727.
BRORSEN'S COMETS (1846, 1847), vi.
192, 193.
BRORSON, Hans Adol, Danish hymn-
writer, vii. 90.
BROSCHI, Carlo (Farinelli, q.v.), Italian
singer, IX. 34.
BROSELY, town, England, iv. 372; xxi.
848.
BROSNA, river, Ireland, xiv. 87.
BROSSES, Charles de, French writer, iv.
372-
BROTHERHOOD'S STEAM ENGINE, xxn.
514.
BROTHER JONATHAN, origin of the
epithet, VI. 289; xxin. 592.
BROTHERS OF CHARITY, Italian monks,
xvi. 712.
BROTHERS OF THE SWORD, mediaeval
order, Livonia, Xiv. 724; XXIII. 201.
BROTHERYEELD (Brotherhood), Court
of, Cinque Ports, England, v. 787.
BROUGHAM, Lord, lord chancellor of
England, iv. 373; on instinct in bees,
in. 488.
BROUGHTON, J. Cam Hobhouse, Lord,
English statesman, IV. 381.
, Hugh, English divine, IV. 381.
, Thomas, English divine, IV. 381.
BROUGHTY-FERRY, town, Scotland, vii.
536.
BROUKHUSIUS, Jan, Dutch scholar, iv.
382.
BROUSSA, town, Asiatic Turkey, IV. 382;
ill. 793; province, xxm. 653.
BROUSSAIS, Francois Joseph Victor,
French physician, IV. 383; XV. 815.
BROUSSONET, Pierre Marie Auguste,
French naturalist, IV. 383.
BROUWER, Adrian, Dutch painter, iv.
383; xvm. 58; his influence on
Teniers, xxm. 173.
BROW-AGUE, disease, xvn. 364.
BROWN, Charles Brockden, American
novelist, IV. 383; I. 725.
BROWN, Ford Madox, his influence on
Eossetti, xx. 858.
-, John, English divine (d. 1766), IV.
384-
-, John, of Haddington, Scottish
divine (d. 1787), iv. 384.
— , John, Scottish physician (d. 1788),
iv. 384; xv. 813.
-, John, Scottish divine (d. 1858), iv.
384-
— , John, American abolitionist (d.
1859), iv. 385; XI. 490; xxn. 142;
xxm. 772.
— , or Browne, Robert, founder of the
Brownist sect, IV. 385; XII. 723.
— , Robert, Scottish botanist, IV. 385;
on the classification of plants, iv. 8 1 ;
vxri C-»Q
xvi. 030.
-, Robert, his exploration of Green
land, xix. 324.
— , Samuel, chemist, poet, and essayist,
iv. 386.
-, Thomas, English humorist, IV.
387.
— , Thomas, Scottish psychologist, IV.
387; on mental suggestion, II. 732.
, Ulysses Maximilian, imperial
general, IV. 388.
, William Laurence, Scottish theo
logian, iv. 388.
— COAL, or Lignite, V. 46 ; xvi.
429.
— COLOURS, in dyeing, vii. 579.
BROWNE, Charles Farrar (Artemus
Ward), American humorist, IV. 389; I.
727.
, Felicia Dorothea (Mrs Hemans),
English poetess, XL 643.
-, Isaac Hawkins, English poet, iv.
389-
-, James, Scottish litterateur, iv.
— , Peter, bishop of Cork, theologian,
iv. 389.
— , or Brown, Robert, English Inde
pendent, iv. 385; xii. 723.
-, Sir Thomas, English moralist, iv.
389-
— , William, English pastoral poet, IV.
390; XVIIL 347.
— , William George, English traveller,
iv. 390.
BROWNIES, goblins, n. 204.
BROWNING, Elizabeth Barrett, English
poetess, iv. 391.
BROWNISTS, religious sect, iv. 392.
BROWN PIGMENTS, xix. 88.
BROWN-SEQUARD, C. E., on heredity in
guinea-pigs, iv. 246.
BROWN SPAR, mineral, xvi. 397.
BROWN UNIVERSITY, Providence,
U.S.A., xix. 884; xxm. 857.
BRUCE, David, king of Scotland, xxi.
489; captive in England, vni. 319.
, Edward, brother of King Robert
of Scotland, xx. 594; his wars in Ire
land, xili. 260.
BRUCE, James, African traveller, iv. 393;
i. 64; x. 1 88.
, Michael, Scottish poet, IV. 393;
hymns by, XII. 593; his connexion
with John Logan, xiv. 771.
, Robert, lord of Annandale, Scottish
baron, xxi. 486.
, Robert (The Bruce), king of Scot
land, xx. 592; xxi. 488; in relation
to Edward I., Vlll. 313.
, The, Barbour's poem, ill. 364.
FAMILY, earls of Elgin, vm. 131.
BRUCHID^E, family of insects, xxiv.
477-
BRUCHIUM LIBRARY, Alexandria, xiv.
510.
BRUCHSAL, town, Germany, iv. 394.
BRUCIA, poisonous alkaloid, xvil. 687. .
BRUCITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
BRUCK, two towns, Austria, IV. 394.
BRUCKE, E., his theory of binocular
vision, XXII. 538.
BRUCKENAU, town, Bavaria, iv. 394;
mineral water of, XVI. 436.
BRUCKER, James, German philosophical
writer, IV. 394.
BRUE, river, Somerset, England, xxn.
257.
BRUEYS, Peter de, French preacher, xiv.
287.
BRUGES, or Brugge, town, Belgium, iv.
395; library of, Xiv. 549; newspapers,
xvn. 430; tapestry of, XXIII. 212.
BRUGSCH, Henri, on Egyptian history,
vii. 728.
BRUHL, Graf von, Saxon statesman, xxi.
355-
BRULEE ISLAND, river Yonne, France,
weir at, XX. 574.
BRUMAIRE 18-19, Revolution of (1799),
ix. 612; XVIL 202.
BRUMATH, or Brumpt, town, German
Alsace, iv. 396.
BRUN, town, Moravia, IV. 399.
BRUN, Nordahl, Danish writer, vii. 91.
, Rudolph, Swiss leader, xxn. 783.
B RUNANBURGH, England, Battle of (937),
vni. 285; xvn. 570; xxi. 479.
BRUNCK, Richard Francois Philippe,
French scholar, IV. 396.
BRUNDISIUM, or Brundusium (Brindisi),
ancient town, Italy, iv. 346.
BRUNE, G. M. A., French marshal, in
Switzerland, XXII. 793.
BRUNEI, sultanate, Borneo, xxi. 123.
BRUNEL, Isambard Kingdom, English
engineer, IV. 396.
, Sir Marc Isambard, engineer and
architect, IV. 398.
BRUNELLESCHI, Filippo, Italian archi
tect, iv. 399; II. 436, 438.
BRUNET, Jacques Charles, French biblio
grapher, iv. 399.
BRUNETTO LATINI, Florentine ency
clopaedist, vm. 192; tutor of Dante, VI.
809; his Tesoretto, Xili. 501.
BRUNHILD, queen of Austrasia, ix. 530.
70
B II U — B U D
BRUNHILD, heroine in the Nibelungen-
lied, XVII. 474.
BRUNI, state, Borneo, vi. 59.
, Leonardo, Italian scholar, IV.
399-
BRUNN, town, Moravia, iv. 399; xvi.
811.
BRUNNE, Robert of, English chronicler,
xv. 494.
BRUNNENBERG, mountain, Germany,
xx. 552.
BRUNNER'S PROCESS, for producing
potassium, xix. 590.
BRUNNICH, Danish naturalist, on birds,
XVIII. 9.
BRUNO, St, founder of the Carthusians,
iv. 400; I. 20; v. 163.
— (Pope Leo IX.), xiv. 449.
— , Giordano, Italian philosopher, IV.
400; on evolution, vni. 758; his
influence on Spinoza, XXII. 401.
BRUNONIAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINE,
xv. 813; iv. 384.
BRUNSMANN, Johan, Norse hymn-writer,
xvn. 589.
BRUNSWICK, duchy, Germany, iv. 401;
town, iv. 402.
— , town, Maine, U.S.A., IV. 403.
GREEN, pigment, xix. 88.
BRUNTON, Mrs Mary, Scottish novelist,
iv. 403.
BRUSHES, iv. 403; painters', xvui. 137,
140.
BRUSHITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
BRUSH-MAKING, iv. 403.
BRUSH-TURKEY, Australian bird, xv.
827.
BRUSSA, town, Asiatic Turkey, IV. 382.
BRUSSELS, capital of Belgium, IV. 404;
academies, in. 521; libraries, xiv.
531; newspapers, xvn. 430; royal
observatory, xvn. in, 521, 715;
tapestry, xxin. 212; university, in.
519; xxiii. 850.
, Union of (1577), XII. 76.
CARPETS, v. 130.
— LACE, xiv. 1 88.
— SPROUTS, vegetable, iv. 618; xn.
279.
BRUT, Layamon's Saxon chronicle, vni.
408; xiv. 374.
BRUTE, The, Barbour's poem, in. 364.
BRUTON, town, England, iv. 406.
BRUTS, The, early Welsh writings, v.
3I5-
BRUTTIANS, ancient Italian tribe, xin.
445-
BRUTUS, Roman family, iv. 406.
, or Brute, fabulous king of Britain,
iv. 407.
-, Lucius Junius, first Roman consul,
iv. 406; vi. 313.
— , Marcus Junius, assassin of Julius
Csesar, iv. 407, 639.
BRUX, town, Bohemia, IV. 407.
BRUXELLES (Brussels, q.v.), capital of
Belgium, iv. 404.
BRUYERE, Jean de la, French moralist,
xiv. 177; ix. 663.
BRYANITES, Methodist sect, xvi. 192.
BRYANSK, town, Russia, xvn. 826.
BRYANT, Jacob, English writer, iv. 407;
on mythology, xvn. 137.
, William Cullen, American poet, I.
732.
BRYAXIS, Greek sculptor, iv. 407.
BRYDGES, Sir Samuel Egerton, English
writer, iv. 408.
BRYHER, island, Scilly Isles, England,
xxi. 465.
BRYINE^E, class of mosses, xvn. 73.
BRYNElCH(Bcrnicia), English kingdom,
xvn. 568.
BRYOPHYTA, group of plants, xxiv.
128; in. 694.
BRYOZOA, group of animals, xix. 429.
BRZESC (Brest Litovsk), town, Russia,
iv. 260.
BRZEZANY, town, Austria, iv. 408.
BUAL WINE, Madeira, xv. 1 78.
BUBASTIS, Egyptian goddess, iv. 408.
, ancient town, Egypt, iv. 408; vii.
769; festival at, xix. 90.
BUBBLE ACT (1719), vi. 221.
BUBENBERG, Adrian von, Swiss states
man, xxn. 787.
BUBO, genus of birds, xvin. 90.
BUBONIC PLAGUE, xix. 159.
BUCCANEERS, piratical adventurers, iv.
408; xix. 117.
BUCCARI, town, Hungary, iv. 411.
BUCCINA, Roman trumpet, xxin. 592.
BUCCINO, town, Italy, IV. 411.
BucciNUM, genus of molluscs, XVI. 649;
xx. 417.
BUCCO, genus of birds, XX. 101.
BUCEPHALUS, Alexander's horse, I. 484.
•, Manger of, monument, Philippi,
xvin. 746.
BUCER, Martin, German Reformer, IV.
411; xv. 73.
BUCEROS, genus of birds, XII. 169.
BUCK, Leopold von, German geologist,
iv. 411.
BUCHAN, district, Scotland, I. 43.
, Alexander, on mean pressure of
the atmosphere, in. 30.
, David, Northern explorer, XIX.
3i9-
BUCHANAN, George, Scottish scholar,
iv. 412; his Latinity, xiv. 342.
, James, president, United States,
iv. 413; xxin. 773.
BUCHAREST, town, Roumania, iv. 414;
xxi. 16; treaty of (1812), xxn. 590;
xxin. 649.
BUCHEZ, Philippe Joseph Benjamin,
French writer, IV. 414.
BUCHOLZITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
BUCHU LEAVES, drug, iv. 415.
BUCKEBURG, town, Germany, iv. 415;
xiv. 683.
BUCKETS, Use of, in mining, xvi. 456.
BUCKETT STEAM ENGINE, xxn. 523.
BUCKEYE, tree, xn. 206.
BUCKHURST, Lord, first carl of Dorset,
vn. 372.
BUCKINGHAM, county, England, iv.
415; population and representation,
xxin. 727; town, iv. 416.
, George Villiers, first duke of, IV.
417; vni. 345; Bacon's connexion
with, ill. 206.
, George Villiers, second duke of,
iv. 419.
— , William Alfred, governor of Con
necticut, U.S.A., xxin. 788.
— PALACE, London, xiv. 838.
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, John Sheffield,
duke of, iv. 419.
BUCKLAND, William, dean of West
minster, geologist, IV. 420; his investi
gation of bone-caves, V. 267.
BUCKLE, Henry Thomas, English his
torian, iv. 421; as chess-player, v.
602.
BUCKLEY, Samuel, founder of first
London daily newspaper, xvn. 415.
BUCKRAM, a rich woven cloth, xxin.
210.
BUCKS (Buckingham), county, England,
IV. 41 5; population and representation,
xxin. 727.
BUCKWHEAT, edible plant, iv. 423.
BUCSESD, mountain, Hungary, xn. 361.
BUDA, town, Hungary, IV. 423. See also
Budapest.
BUDyEUS, Gulielmus, French writer, iv.
424; XX. 194.
BUDAN, French algebraist, I. 516.
BUDANTSAR, mythic ancestor of the
Mongols, xvi. 740.
BUDAPEST, capital of Hungary, xvin.
691; libraries, xiv. 547; observatory,
xvn. 713; university, xxin. 852.
BUDAUN, district, India, iv. 424.
BUDD^EUS, John Francis, Lutheran
divine, IV. 424.
BUDDAI, Australian god, in. 113.
BUDDHA (Siddhartha Gautama), founder
of Buddhism, in. 375; iv. 426; his
relations to Brahmauism, IV 209 ;
footprint of, I. 140; pilgrimages con
nected with, xix. 92 ; colossal statue
of, in Japan, XVI I. 229.
BUDDHAGHOSHA'S PARABLES, vm. 837.
BUDDHISM, Asiatic religion, iv. 424; 11.
698; xx. 360; its influence on caste,
v. 190 ; Lamaism a corruption of,
xiv. 226; sacred language of (Pali),
xvin. 183; in relation to Manichteism,
XV. 485 ; its pessimistic character, XVIII.
685; in Biirmali, iv. 556; in Ceylon, v.
367; in China, V. 671; in India, XII.
784; in Japan, XIII. 581; among the
Mongols, xvi. 744; in Persia, xvin.
606; in Siam, XXI. 853; in Tibet, XXIII.
344; in Turkestan, xxin. 639.
BUDDHIST FESTIVALS, ix. 117.
BUDDHIST IDOLS, of Bamian, in. 307.
BUDDHIST TEMPLES, Java, xin. 609.
B U D — B U N
71
BUDDING, propagation of plants by, XII.
237; xx. 423.
BUDDLE, mining apparatus, XVI. 465.
BUDE, Guillaume (BucUeus), French
writer, IV. 424; XX. 194.
BUDGELL, Eustace, English writer, iv.
433.
BUDGET, financial statement, iv. 439;
xviii. 313.
, Water, in heraldry, XI. 704.
BUDINI, nomadic race, eastern Europe,
xxi. 575.
BUDJAK STEPPES, Bessarabia, in. 615.
BUDRUN, town, Asia Minor, XI. 384.
BUDS, in plants, iv. 96; propagation by,
xii. 237.
BUDWEIS, town, Bohemia, iv. 439.
BUEE, Adrian Q., his anticipation of
quaternions, XX. 161.
BUENA VISTA, Mexico, Battle of (1847),
xxni. 767.
BUENOS AYRES, province and town,
Argentine Republic, IV. 439, 440;
libraries in, XIV. 551.
BUFF, Lotte, friend of Goethe, x. 725.
BUFFALO, genus of ruminant mammals,
iv. 442; xv. 432; of India, xii. 742;
skins of, IX. 838.
, town, New York, U.S.A., IV. 443;
xvn. 457; xxi. 179; xxm. 822.
BUFFIER, Claude, French philosophical
writer, iv. 443.
BUFFON, George Louis Leclerc, Comte de,
French naturalist, IV. 444; ix. 671;
on birds, xviii. 6; on germs, vin. 745;
influence of his writings, IX. 593.
BUFFOONS, ix. 366.
BUFO, genus of Amphibia, XXIII. 423.
BUG, insect, iv. 445; XI. 646; Xlll. 153.
— , river, Russia, xix. 254, 307.
BIBLE, vm. 387.
BUGEAUD, Thomas R., governor of
Algeria, I. 568.
BUGENHAGEN, Johann, German Re
former, IV. 445.
BUGINESE LANGUAGE AND LITERA
TURE, Celebes, v. 288.
BUGIS, people, in Celebes, iv. 32; in
Malacca, xv. 323.
BUGLE-HORN, musical instrument, xvn.
778.
BUGULMA, town, Russia, iv. 446; xxi.
243-
BUGURUSLAN, town, Russia, IV. 446;
xxi. 243.
BUHLE, Johann Gottlieb, German scholar,
iv. 446.
BUHL- WORK, iv. 446; xin. 81.
BUILDING, iv. 447 (index, 513); n. 382;
materials and construction in ancient
Rome, xx. 808; in ancient Venice,
xxiv. 149.
— SOCIETIES, iv. 513.
BUILDINGS OF JUSTINIAN, Procopius's
treatise, xix. 791.
BUILDWAS ABBEY, Shropshire, England,
xxi. 848.
BUINSK, town, Russia, XXII. 77.
BUITENZORG, town, Java, iv. 514; xin.
606.
BUJALANCE, town, Spain, IV 515.
BujNURD, town, Persia, xviii. 627.
BUKA, island, Solomon Islands, Pacific,
xxn. 252.
BUKAA, valley, Lebanon, Syria, XIV.
393-
BUKA LEAVES (Buchu), drug, iv. 415.
BUKEREBE, lake island, Central Africa,
xvn. 504.
BUKHARA (Bokhara, q.v.), country and
town, Central Asia, iv. i.
BUKHOREST (Bucharest, q.v.), town,
Roumania, iv. 414.
BUKINDO, village, Central Africa, xvn.
504.
BUKIT BARISAN, mountains, Sumatra,
xxii. 638.
BUKKEN FJORD, Norway, xvn. 576.
BUKOWINA, duchy, Austria, iv. 515.
BULACAN, town, Luzon, Philippine
Islands, iv. 515.
BULAK (Boolak), town, Egypt, vii. 769;
museum at, xv. 543.
BULANDSHAHR, district, India, IV. 515.
BULANES, ancient European people,
xix. 285.
BULANKUL, lake, Central Asia, xviii.
103.
BULARCHUS, Greek mural painter, xvn.
41.
BULBILS, of plants, iv. 99; xx. 423.
BULBS, of plants, iv. 99; xx. 423.
BULDUR, lake, Asia Minor, n. 709.
BULGARELLI, Marianna, patroness of
Metastasio, xvi. 104.
BULGARI, religious sect, xviii. 434.
BULGARIA, province of European
Turkey, iv. 516; as autonomous prin
cipality, xxni. 652.
, Church of (Greek), XI. 158; United
Bulgarians (Church of Rome), XX. 631.
BULGARIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERA
TURE, xxii. 149; dictionaries of
language, vn. 188.
BULGARIANS, subdivision of Slavs, xxn.
145, 147; their wars with theGreeks, XI.
115; their relation to the Huns, xii.
382.
BULGARIN, Thaddaus, Russian writer,
iv. 517.
BULGARINUS, jurist of I5th century, IV.
517.
BULGARO-VLACH EMPIRE, XXIV. 269.
BULGARUS, Italian jurist, iv. 517.
B u LG HAR- D AG H, mountains, Asia Minor ,
n. 705.
BULKHEADS, in ships, xxi. 815.
BULL, papal letter, iv. 519; xxi. 589;
, Brazen, of Phalaris, xviii. 730.
, Sacred (Apis), n. 173; v. 244.
, George, bishop of St David's, iv.
Si?-
, John, English composer and organ
ist, iv. 517.
BULL, Stephen, English sea-captain, xxi.
496.
BULLA, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 655.
— , ornament and seal, IV. 518; xxi.
589.
AUREA, important charter, x.
757-
BULL ACCOUNT, stock exchange term,
1.92.
BULL DOG, vn. 330.
BULLEN (Boleyn, q.v.\ Anne, wife of
Henry VIII. of England, iv. 4.
BULLERS OF BUCHAN, Scotland, I. 44.
BULLFINCH, bird, iv. 518; ix. 192.
BULL FROG, ix. 796; heart of, i. 764.
BULL-HEAD, fish, xii. 690; xxn. 68.
BULLINGER, Heinrich, Swiss Reformer,
iv. 518; his relation to Socinus, xxii.
228.
BULLION, iv. 518.
BULLOM, country, Sierra Leone, West
Africa, xxii. 44.
BULL RUN, U.S.A., Battles of (1861,
1862), xxm. 775, 777.
BULL STEAM-ENGINE, xxn. 476; xxiv.
414.
BULL-TERRIER, dog, vn. 331.
BULL-TROUT, fish, xxi. 222.
BULOW, Friedrich Wilhelm, Prussian
general, IV. 520.
BULOW'S OBSERVATORY, Bothkamp,
Germany, xvn. 712.
BULOZ, Frangois, French litterateur,
xvin. 540.
BULRUSH, plant, xx. 319; xxi. 62.
BULSAR, town, India, xxii. 667.
BULWER, Sir Henry, Lord Bailing, VI.
780.
— , John, on teaching deaf-mutes,
vn. 6.
BULWER-CLAYTON TREATY, VI. 782.
BULWER LYTTON, E. G. F. L. (Lord
Lytton), English novelist, xv. 121.
BUMBIREH, lake island, Central Africa,
xvn. 504,
BUMPOOR (Bampur), town, Persia,
xvin. 627.
BUNARBASHI, Turkey in Asia, reputed
site of Troy, XXIII. 580.
BUNDARRA (Bhandara), district and
town, India, in. 627.
BUNDELAS, tribe, India, IV. 521.
BUNDELKHAND, orBundelcund, district,
India, iv. 520.
BUNDESRATH, German federal council,
x. 463-
BUNDI, Rajput state, India, iv. 521; xx.
260.
BUNGARUS, genus of snakes, xxn. 196.
BUNKER HILL, U.S.A., Battle of (1775),
iv. 521; xv. 616; xxni. 741.
BUNNOO (Bannu), district, India, xx.
109.
BUNODONTA, group of ungulate mam
mals, xv. 430.
BUNOTHERIA, group of fossil mammals,
xv. 442.
72
B U N — B U R
BUNSEN, Christian Charles Josias,
Baron von, IV. 521.
BUNSENITE, mineral, XVI. 385.
BUNTING, bird, iv. 525; xvn. 534.
, Jabez, Wesleyan divine, IV. 526.
BUNYAN, John, Puritan divine, IV. 526;
his place in English literature, VIII.
424.
BUNZLAU, town, Bohemia, iv. 530.
, town, Prussia, iv. 530.
BUOCHSERSEE, part of the Lake of
Lucerne, Switzerland, xv. 41.
BUONAFEDE, Appiano, Italian philo
sophical writer, IV. 530.
BUONAPARTE (BONAPARTE) FAMILY,
iv. 27; xvn. 192.
BUONARROTI, Michelangelo, Italian
painter and sculptor, xvi. 229; XXI.
435. 569-
BUONCOMPAGNO, Ugo (Pope Gregory
XIII.), xi. 178.
BUONONCINI, Giovanni Battista, Italian
musical composer, XI. 435; XVII. 92.
BUONVICINI, Domeiiico, disciple of
Savonarola, xxi. 337.
BUOY, floating signal, IV. 530; illu
minated, xiv. 626.
— , Life, xiv. 573.
BUOYANCY, Centre of, in ships, xxi.
812.
BUPALUS, Greek sculptor, iv. 531.
BUPHONIA, Greek religious festival, iv.
531-
BURAECH (Bharaich), district and town,
India, in. 628; xvm. 72.
BUR^EUS, Johannes, Swedish scholar,
xxu. 754.
BURBAGE, James, theatre manager, xxi.
760; xxni. 224.
, Richard, actor, XXI. 761.
BURCARDUS, Joannes, his diary, I.
490.
BURCKHARDT, John Ludwig, Swiss
traveller, iv. 531.
BURCKHARDT'S COMET, vi. 191.
BURDEANA, Jacob (Baradaeus), Syriac
writer, vi. 354; xill. 539; xxil. 833.
BURDEKIN, river, Queensland, XX.
171.
BURDER, George, author of Village
Sermons, IV. 531.
BURDETT, Sir Francis, English poli
tician, iv. 532.
BURDIGALA (Bordeaux), ancient town,
France, IV. 52.
BURDOCK, plant, xxm. 307.
BURDWAN (Bardwan), district and town,
India, ill. 371.
BURE, state, Senegambia, xxi. 663.
BURG, town, Prussia, iv. 532.
BURGAGE, form of tenure, iv. 532.
BURGAS, department, Roumelia, XXI.
22.
, Las, mineral springs, Spain, xvn.
827.
BURGDORF, town, Switzerland, IV. 532;
Froebel's schools at, IX. 793.
BURGER, Gottfried August, German
poet, IV. 532; X. 540; Scott's transla
tions from, xxi. 546.
BURGERSDYK, Francis, Dutch logician,
iv. 533-
BURGESS, possessor of borough rights,
iv. 62; xvn. 27.
, Daniel, English Dissenting divine,
iv. 533-
, Thomas, bishop of Salisbury, iv.
534-
BURGH, in Scotland, IV. 63; xvn. 30.
BURGHAZ (Bourgas), town, Turkey, iv.
176.
BURGH CASTLE, Suffolk, England,
Roman remains at, xxn. 622.
BURGHEAD, town, Scotland, vm. 130.
BURGHERS, Scottish religious denomin
ation, vm. 528 ; x. 572 ; xv. 132 ;
xxni. 728.
BURGHLEY, Lord (William Cecil), min
ister of Queen Elizabeth, v. 283.
HOUSE, Northampton, England,
xvii. 557.
BURGKMAIR, Hans, German engraver,
iv. 534-
BURGLARY, crime, iv. 534.
BURGO, Lucas de, algebraist, I. 512.
BURGONET, helmet, xi. 637.
BURGOS, province, Spain, xxil. 298.
-> — , town, Spain, IV. 534; sculptures
in cathedral, xxi. 567.
BURGOYNE, John, British general, iv.
535; xxni. 744.
, Sir John Fox, British field-marshal,
iv. 535-
BURGUNDIANS, party, in France, IX.
548; xvm. 290.
BURGUNDIO, Italian jurist, IV. 535.
BURGUNDIONUM LEX, ancient law code,
xxi. 215.
BURGUNDY, duchy and province,
France, IV. 535; under Charles the
Bold, v. 424; its connexion with Hol
land, XII. 73; war with Switzerland,
xxn. 786.
— , House of, IX. 548; its connexion
with the Capet family, v. 55.
- PITCH, ix. 223, 711.
WINE, xxiv. 606.
BURHANPUR, town, India, iv. 536;
xvn. 509.
BURIAL, iv. 537; ix. 824; in church
yards and cemeteries, v. 329; regis
tration of, xx. 343.
ACTS, IV. 537; as affecting Noncon
formists, xvii. 533; parishes formed
by them in England, xvm. 296.
CUSTOMS, ix. 824; mummy-mak
ing, xvii. 20; Phoenician, xvm. 810;
Tibetan, xxm. 344.
OF SIR JOHN MOORE, Wolfe's
poem, xxiv. 630.
VAULTS, ancient, v. 206.
BURIAS, island, Philippines, xvm. 752.
BURIATS, Mongolian race, iv. 538; xvi.
750; xxm. 510.
BURIDAN, Jean, French philosopher, iv.
538.
BURIN, for engraving, vm. 439.
BURKE, Edmund, British statesman
and writer, iv. 538; vm. 357; on the
beautiful, I. 223; on chivalry, xiv.
126; on Junius, xill. 775; his place in
English literature, vm. 433.
— , Richard, son of Edmund Burke,
iv. 549.
, Robert O'Hara, Australian ex
plorer, iv. 550; in. 1 06.
BURKHARDT, George (Spalatin), German
humanist and Reformer, xxn. 365.
BURLAMAQUI, Jean Jacques, Swiss
philosopher, IV. 550.
BURLEIGH, Lord (William Cecil), min
ister of Queen Elizabeth, v. 283.
BURLESQUE, kind of comedy, vii. 437.
BURLINGTON (Bridlington), town, Eng
land, iv. 342.
, town, Iowa, U.S.A., iv. 551.
, town, New Jersey, U.S.A., iv.
550.
-, town, Vermont, U.S.A., iv. 550;
xxiv. 167, 1 68.
-, First Earl of (Richard Boyle), iv.
184.
, Third Earl of, his architectural
works, II. 444.
BURMAH, empire, Asia, IV. 551; Shan
states connected with, xxi. 773; birds
of, m. 761; ruby mines, xxi. 48;
weights and measures, xxiv. 490.
, British, iv. 560; xu. 734, 806,
BURMANN, Pieter, Dutch scholar, iv.
562.
BURMEISTER, Hermann C. C., on birds,
xvm. 26, 27.
BURMESE, race, iv. 552; their language
and literature, IV. 555.
BURN, Dr Richard, on the poor laws,
XIX. 470.
BURNER, for lamps, xiv. 245.
BURNES, Sir Alexander, traveller,
Central Asia, iv. 562; his visit to
Cabul, I. 240.
BURNET, forage plant, I. 378.
, Gilbert, bishop of Salisbury, his
torian, IV. 562; his estimate of Leigh-
ton, xiv. 428.
, Thomas, English writer, iv. 564.
BURNETT, James (Lord Monboddo),
Scottish philosopher, xvi. 719.
BURNETT-SALMON, Australian fish,
xu. 686.
BURNEY, Charles, English writer on
music, IV. 564; on the organ, xvn.
837; on the pianoforte, XIX. 73.
, Charles, English scholar, iv.
565.
, Frances (Madame D'Arblay),
English authoress, VI. 821.
BURNING-GLASSES, Invention of, n.
103.
BURNLEY, town, England, iv. 565.
B U R — B Y E
73
BURNOUF, Eugene, French Orientalist,
iv. 566.
, Jean Louis, French scholar, IV.
566.
BURNS, in surgery, xxn. 68 1.
, Robert, Scottish poet, IV. 566; his
place in English literature, vill. 429.
BURNSIDE, Ambrose Everett, American
general, xxill. 777, 788.
BURNT CLAY, as manure, i. 351.
BURNTISLAND, town, Scotland, iv. 571.
BURNT UMBER, pigment, xix. 88.
BURR, Aaron, vice-president of United
States, xxui. 756, 758, 788; his duel
with Hamilton, XI. 413.
BURRA, East and West, islands, Shetland,
Scotland, xvn. 846.
BURRA-BURRA, town and copper mine,
South Australia, in. 109; xxn. 284.
BURRA Y, island, Orkney, Scotland, xvn.
846.
BUR-REED, plant, xx. 319.
BURRHEL, Nepalese sheep, xxi. 785.
BURRING, in wool manufacture, xxiv.
657-
BURRISAL (Barisal), town, India, in.
248.
BURRIUM, Roman station, Monmouth,
England, xvi. 754.
BURRO, mountain, Utah, U.S.A., XXIV.
19.
BURROUGH, Edward, English Quaker,
xx. 147.
— , Stephen, Arctic explorer, xix.
3i6.
BURROW-DUCK, bird, XXI. 788.
BURRUS, Afranius, general of Nero,
xvn. 348.
BURSEE (Barsi), town, India, xxi. 832.
BURSLEM, town, England, IV. 571 ; xxil.
442.
BURTON, or Burton-on-Trent, town,
England, iv. 571, 265; XXII. 442.
, Sir Richard F., his African explor
ations, I. 247; x. 194; xxn. 390.
, Robert, English moralist, IV. 571;
on tobacco, xxui. 427.
BURTON-ON-TRENT, town, England, iv.
571; XXIL 442; its breweries, iv.
265.
BURTSCHEID, town, Prussia, iv. 572.
BURU, island, Indian Archipelago, iv.
572.
BURUT (Buriats, q.v.), Mongolian tribes,
xiv. 94.
BURY, town, England, IV. 573.
— ST EDMUNDS, town, England, iv.
573; XXIL 622.
BUSBECQ, Augier Ghislen de, Flemish
traveller, iv. 574.
BUSBY, Richard, headmaster of West
minster School, IV. 574.
BUSCA, town, Italy, iv. 574.
BUSCHING, Anton Friedrich, German
geographer, iv. 574.
BUSHAHR (Bushire), town, Persia, IV.
574! xvni. 628.
BUSH-HAWK, bird, xiv. 54.
BUSHIRE, or Bushahr, town, Persia,
iv. 574; xviii. 628.
BUSHMEN, African race, iv. 575 ; I.
264.
BUSHNELL, Horace, American theo
logian, iv. 576.
BUSIRIS, mythical Egyptian king, IV.
576; xix. 559.
, ancient town, Egypt, IV. 576.
BUSSA, town, on Niger, Africa, xvil.
497-
BUSSAHEER (Bassahir), state, India,
ill. 424.
BUSSORAH, or Basra, town, Asiatic
Turkey, IV. 577; vill. 671; xvi. 562,
590, 592; gum of, XI. 276.
BUSSY-RABUTIN, Comte de, French
author, xx. 202; his relations with
Madame de Sevigne, xxi. 704.
BUSTAMITE, mineral, xvi. 417.
BUSTAR (Bastar), state, India, ill. 425.
BUSTARD, bird, iv. 578.
BUSTO ARSIZIO, town, Italy, iv. 579.
BUSUANGA, island, Philippines, xvni.
752.
BUTADES, Greek potter, IV. 579; n.
347-
BUTANE, in chemistry, v. 557; xvm.
238.
BUTCHER-BIRD, IV. 579; XXI. 845.
BUTE, county, Scotland, iv. 579; area
and population, xxi. 528; representa
tion, xxm. 727.
— , Earl of (John Stuart), English
statesman, iv. 581; vm. 357.
BUTEA KINO, drug, xiv. 91.
BUTI, Lucrezia, reputed mistress of
Lippi, xiv. 684.
BuTILIN, leader of the Alemanni, xvil.
233-
BUTLER, Alban, author of Lives of the
Saints, IV. 582.
— , Charles, English writer, IV. 582.
— , James, first earl of Ormonde, xm.
260.
— , James, twelfth earl (first duke) of
Ormonde, xvil. 854.
-, Joseph, bishop of Durham, IV.
582; his Analogy of Religion, I. 792;
II. 192; his ethical system, vm. 600;
on scepticism, xxi. 384; his place in
English literature, vm. 431.
, Samuel, author of Hudibras, IV.
588; as satirist, xxi. 319; his place in
English literature, vill. 424.
, William Archer, Irish philoso
phical writer, IV. 590.
BUTO, Egyptian goddess, IV. 590.
BUTRINTO, town, Albania, IV. 590.
BUTSCHETJE, or Butshetsh, mountain,
Transylvania, v. 127; xxui. 521.
BUTTAUF, plain, Palestine, xvm. 171.
BUTTE, town, Montana, U.S.A., xvi.
774-
BUTTE-AUX-CAILLES, heights, Paris,
xvm. 274.
BUTTER, iv. 590; vi. 770; xvi. 304;
adulteration of, I. 171; Cork trade in,
vi. 406; imitation, XVII. 760.
-, Nathaniel, publisher of early
English newspaper, xvil. 413.
BUTTERCUP, plant, xx. 272.
BUTTERFLIES, group of insects, iv. 592;
xm. 151; mimicry in, xvi. 343.
BUTTERINE, substitute for butter, iv.
592.
BUTTERMILK, xvi. 304.
BUTTER NUT, xvn. 664.
BUTTERWORT, insectivorous plant, xm.
137-
BUTTERWORTH, town, Straits Settle
ments, XXIL 587.
BUTTES-CHAUMONT, heights, Paris,
xviii. 274.
BUTTMANN, Philipp Karl, German
philologist, IV. 598.
BUTTON, and button making, IV. 598.
— , Sir Thomas, Arctic explorer, xix.
317-
BUTTRESS, in architecture, n. 461.
BUTURLINOVKA, town, Russia, xxiv.
298.
BUXAR (Baxar), town, India, in. 454.
BUXTEHUDE, Dietrich, musician, xvn.
90.
BUXTON, town, England, iv. 600; mine
ral water of, xvi. 433.
— , Jedidiah, arithmetical prodigy, iv.
601.
— , Sir Thomas Fowell, English phil
anthropist, IV. 60 1 ; slavery abolitionist,
XXII. 141.
BUXTORF, John (d. 1629), German
Hebraist, iv. 601; XI. 601.
— , John (d. 1664), Hebraist, IV. 602.
BUYANTU KHAN, Mongol ruler, xvi.
742.
BUYER, his legal position, XXI. 206.
BUYS-BALLOT'S LAW, of the winds, in.
29; xvi. 147.
BUZGHOL-KHANA, pass, Central Asia,
xii. 3.
BUZUTUK, town, Russia, xxi. 243.
BUZZARD, bird, iv. 603; moor-buzzard,
XL 491.
BYBLIS, insectivorous plant, xm. 137.
BYBLUS (Papyrus), Egyptian plant, vn.
711.
— , town, Phoenicia, XIII. 613; XVIII.
804.
BYELAYA, river, Russia, xxiv. 279.
BYELEFF, or Bieleff, town, Russia, in.
667; xxm. 605.
BYELO-OZERO, lake, Russia, xvn.
606.
BYELOVYESH PUSHCHA, forest, Lithu
ania, xiv. 701.
BYELOZERSK, town, Russia, xvn. 607.
BYELYI, town, Russia, xxn. 183.
BYERLY TURK, progenitor of race
horses, xii. 182, 184.
BYEZHETSK, or Biezhetz, town, Russia,
in. 668; xxm. 672.
XXV. — 10
74
B Y L — C A E
BYLLINGE, Edward, American Quaker,
xx. 152.
BYNG, George, Viscount Torrington,
admiral, iv. 603.
, Jolm, British admiral, IV. 604; IX.
588.
BYNKERSHOEK, Cornelius van, Dutch
jurist, iv. 604.
BYRD, William, English musical com
poser, xvn. 85; xxin. 34.
BYRGIUS, Justus, logarithmist, xiv. 775.
BYRICHRITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
BYRNE, Nicholas, English journalist,
xvn. 417.
BYROM, John, English poet, iv. 604; his
hymns, xn. 594; his system of short
hand, XXI. 837.
BYRON, Lord, English poet, iv. 604; his
influence on the drama, vn. 438; as
satirist, XXI. 320; his relations with
Shelley, xxi. 791 ; his place in English
literature, vill. 433.
, John, British admiral, iv. 612; x.
189.
BYRSA, citadel of Carthage, v. 162.
BYSSOLITE, mineral, xvi. 417.
BYSTROM, Johann Nicolaus, Swedish
sculptor, iv. 612; xxi. 570.
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE, n. 422; at
Venice, xxiv. 148.
BYZANTINE EMPIRE, xi. 106, 114.
BYZANTINE GLASS-MAKING, x. 650.
BYZANTINE HISTORIANS, iv. 612.
BYZANTINE LITERATURE, XL 145.
BYZANTINE PAINTING, xvn. 43.
BYZANTINE SCULPTURE, xxi. 556.
BYZANTIUM (Constantinople), ancient
Greek city, iv. 615; coins of, xvn.
654; libraries, xiv. 512.
Cthe third letter of the alphabet, IV.
> 616.
CAABA (Kaba, q. v.\ sacred stone, Mecca,
xv. 672.
CAB, hackney carriage, v. 136.
CABAGAN, town, Luzon, Philippine
Islands, iv. 616.
CABAL, advisers of Charles II., iv. 619;
XV. 308 ; the name an acrostic, I. 121.
CABALE UND LIE BE, Schiller's play,
xxi. 396.
CABALLERIAS, Spanish romances, xxn.
355-
CABALLERO, Fernan (Cecilia Bohl von
Faber), Spanish novelist, vin. 833;
xxn. 362.
CABALLOS, Puerto, town, Honduras, xn.
130.
CABANIS, Jean, on birds, xvni. 29.
, Pierre Jean George, French physio
logist, iv. 616; ix. 673; xxin. 497.
CABARRUS, Francois, Spanish financier,
iv. 617.
CABASSOU, kind of armadillo, xv. 387.
CABATUAN, town, Philippine Islands,
iv. 617.
CABAZERA, town, Philippine Islands, iv.
617.
CABBAGE, vegetable, iv. 617; xn. 280;
culture of, I. 369; Kergueleu, xiv. 49.
CABBALA, or Kabbalah, Jewish theo-
sophy, XIII. 810; XX. 490; its relation
to alchemy, I. 461.
CABENDA, or Kabinda, town, West
Africa, iv. 618; xiv. 743.
CABET, Etienne, French communist, iv.
618.
CABEZA DEL BUEY, town, Spain, iv.
618.
CABEZA DE VACA, Nunez Alvaro,
Spanish explorer, xvn. 662.
CABIADIS, Dr, his observations on the
plague, xix. 159.
CABINDA, town, West Africa, iv. 618;
xiv. 743.
CABINET, The British, iv. 618; vin.
260; xvi. 472.
, in United States, xxin. 750.
GOVERNMENT, XL 13; beginning
of, in England, vni. 352.
CABINETMAKING, iv. 499.
CABINETS, furniture, ix. 850.
CABIRA, town, Asia Minor, xix. 459.
CABIRI, in mythology, iv. 620; XL 679;
xvill. 803; mysteries of the, xxi.
250.
CABLE, for ship, iv. 621; xxi. 597; as
kind of rope, XX. 843.
-, Submarine telegraphic, XXIII. 114.
CABLE-HOLDER, v. 78.
CABLE TRAMWAYS, xxin. 508.
CABOCHE, Jean, mob-leader in Paris,
(1412-18), xviii. 290.
CABOCHIANS, party in Paris, ix. -549;
xvni. 290.
CABO CORSO (Cape Coast Castle), town,
West Africa, v. 41.
CABOT, John, navigator, IV. 622; x. 183.
, Sebastian, English navigator, iv.
622; x. 183; xix. 316; his discoveries
in South America, II. 489.
CABRA, town, Spain, iv. 623.
CABRAL, Pedro Alvarez, Portuguese
navigator, x. 181; his landing in
Brazil, iv. 228.
CABRERA, one of the Balearic Islands,
in. 278.
— , or Caprera, island, Italy, v. 77.
CABUL, town and province, Afghanistan,
IV. 623; river, I. 228.
CABURET, issue of Indian and Negress,
xvn. 319.
CACAO (Cocoa), tree and fruit, vi. 100.
CACCABIS, genus of birds, xvni. 333.
CACCIA DEL FALCONE, Lorenzo del
Medici's work, XV. 786.
CACCIANIMICI, Gherardo de (Pope
Lucius II.), xv. 48.
CACCINI, Giulio, Italian musician, xvn.
86.
CACERES, province, Spain, vin. 564;
xxn. 298.
, town, Spain, IV. 624.
CACHALOT, sperm whale, xv. 396; xxiv.
525-
CACHAO, town, Anam, iv. 624.
CACHEO, or Cachao, town, West Africa,
iv. 624.
CACHEXIA, disease, xv. 317; xvni. 270,
395-
CACHOEIRA, town, Brazil, iv. 624.
CACONGO, or Kakongo, kingdom,
West Africa, iv. 625; xiv. 742.
CACOXENE, mineral, xvi. 405.
CACTUS, group of plants, iv. 625; in
United States, xxin. 810; culture of,
XII. 265.
CAD AH ALSO, Jose de, Spanish poet, IV.
626.
CADDIS-FLIES, insects, xin. 151.
CADDOS, American-Indian tribe, xn.
832.
CADE, Jack, Insurrection in England
under (1450), vin. 327; xi. 661; xin.
261; xxn. 725.
CADENCY, in heraldry, XI. 704.
CADER IDRIS, mountain, Wales, xvi.
38.
CADI, Moslem judge, xvi. 591; xxn.
664.
CADIZ, province, Spain, xxn. 298.
, town, Spain, iv. 626; observatory
at, xvn. 713.
CADMEA, citadel, Thebes, Greece, xxin.
229.
CADMIUM, chemical element, iv. 628;
v. 526.
CADMUS, in Greek legend, iv. 629; xi.
480; traditional inventor of the
alphabet, xv in. 806.
, Mount, Asia Minor, II. 706.
CADOLOUS (Honorius II., antipope),
XIX. 498.
CADOOR (Kadur), district, India, xin.
815-
CADORE, Tiziano Vicellio da (Titian),
Italian painter, xxin. 413.
CADOUDAL, Georges, French royalist, v.
687.
CADUCEUS, Greek symbol of herald's
office, iv. 629.
CADUSIANS, Persian expedition against
them, XVIII. 578.
CADZOW CASTLE, Lanark, Scotland, xi.
411.
CADZOW FOREST, Scotland, Wild cattle
of, v. 245.
CJECILIJE, order of Amphibia, I. 751 .
C/ECILIAN, bishop of Carthage, vn.
359-
C/EDMON, Anglo-Saxon poet, iv. 629;
vin. 280, 405; xvn. 570.
CiELius ANTIPATER, Roman annalist,
xiv. 729.
CAEN, town, France, iv. 631; university
of, xxin. 841.
OERE, ancient town, Etruria, iv. 632;
vin. 634.
CAEREINION, Wales, remains of British
camp at, xvi. 789.
C A E — C A L
75
CAER-GWENT, ancient British town,
England, xvn. 595.
CAERLEON, town, Moiimoutli, England,
iv. 632; xvi. 754.
(Chester), England, Battle of
(c. 613), xvn. 569.
CAERMARTHEN, county and town,
Wales, v. 114, 115.
CAERNARVON, county and town, Wales,
v. 118, 119.
CAERWENT, Monmouth, England, Roman
station at, XVI. 754.
C^ESALPINUS, Andreas, Italian natural
philosopher, IV. 633; his botanical
work, IV. 79; his alleged discovery of
the circulation of the blood, XI. 504;
xxiv. 95.
CAESAR, Roman title, xx. 777.
, Caius Julius, Roman dictator, iv.
633; xx. 763; his relations with M.
Antony, II. 141 ; with Cleopatra, V. 826;
with Pompey, xix. 451; in Britain, IV.
352; place of his landing in England,
xxii. 725; in Gaul, ix. 527; in Spain,
XXII. 306; his adjustment of the
calendar, iv. 666; xxn. 276; his Latin
style, xiv. 333 ; his place in Roman
literature, xx. 720.
, Sir Julius, English scholar, IV.
639-
CJESARAUGUSTA (Zaragoza), ancient
town, Spain, xxn. 307; xxiv. 770.
CAESAR BORGIA, iv. 53; i. 487,489; ix.
554; xm. 481; xv. 147.
C;ESAREA, town, Cappadocia, Asia
Minor, iv. 640; v. 75.
, town, Mauretania, Africa, xv. 637.
AUGUSTA (Zaragoza), ancient town,
Spain, xxii. 307; xxiv. 770.
— PALESTINA, Roman metropolis of
Palestine, iv. 639.
PHILIPPI, town, Palestine, iv. 640.
C^SAREAN ERA, v. 715.
C^SARODUNUM (Tours), ancient town,
France, xxm. 491.
CAESARS, Lives of the, Suetonius's work,
xxn. 619.
C^ESENA, ancient town, Italy, V. 357.
CAESIUM, chemical element, v. 524; xix.
592.
CAF£ LAURENT, Paris literary club,
xxi. 23.
CAFFEINE, alkaloid, distinctive of coffee,
VI. 112.
CAFFRARIA, CAFFRES, xm. 816, 818.
See also Kaffraria, Kaffres.
CAFUSO, issue of Negro and Indian,
xvii. 319.
CAGE, as used in mining, vi. 74 ; xvi.
456, 462.
GAGLI, town, Italy, iv. 640.
CAGLIARI, town, Sardinia, iv. 640; xxi.
309-
, Paolo (Veronese), Italian painter,
xxiv. 173.
CAGLIOSTRO, Alessandro, Count, char
latan, iv. 641; vii. 52.
CAGN, South- African god, xvn. 136.
CAGNIARDELLE, blasting machine, xvi.
60.
CAGNIARD-LATOUR, Baron, on the
temperature and pressure of gases,
xix. 245.
CAGNOLA, Luigi, Marquis, Italian archi
tect, iv. 641.
CAGNOLI'S FORMULAE, in trigonometry,
xxm. 567.
CAGO (Oporto), ancient town, Portugal,
xvii. 796.
C AGOTS, race of people, France and Spain,
iv. 641.
CAGUA, mountain, Philippine Islands,
xvm. 749.
CAHIRCIVEEN, stone fort, Ireland,
xiv. 52.
CAHORS, town, France, iv. 642; uni
versity of, xxm. 839.
CAIAZZO, town, Italy, iv. 648.
CAICOS ISLANDS, West Indies, in. 236;
xm. 549.
CAICUS, river, Mysia, Asia Minor, II.
708; xvn. 122.
CAIETA (Gaeta), ancient town, Italy, x.
14.
CAILCEDRA, tree, Senegambia, xxi.
662.
CAILLETET, his liquefaction of gases,
XIX. 245 ; his apparatus, XII. 433.
CAILLETTE, French jester, ix. 366.
CAILLIE, or Caille, Rene, French African
traveller, iv. 642; I. 246.
CAIN, of Scripture, IV. 642.
CA'ING WHALE, cetacean, xxiv. 525.
CAINITES, Gnostic sect, iv. 642.
CAINOZOIC ROCKS, x. 360.
CAIRD, James, on the growing of wheat,
i- 357-
CAIRN, pile of stones, iv. 642.
CAIRNES, John Elliot, political econo
mist, iv. 643; xix. 380.
CAIRNGORM, mountain, Scotland, xm.
199.
, precious stone, IV. 644; I. 43; xvi.
389-
CAIRO, town, Egypt, iv. 645; I. 267;
VII. 751, 769; library, xiv. 549;
mosques, II. 446; XVI. 865.
, town, Illinois, U.S.A., XII. 706.
CAISSON, in engineering, iv. 647; n.
461; for harbours, XI. 471; in bridge-
building, IV. 325; VI. 114.
CAITHNESS, county, Scotland, iv. 647;
area and population, xxi. 528; repre
sentation, xxm. 727; ancient remains
in, xxi. 51.
CAIUS, Roman presbyter, on Cerinthus,
v. 346.
, John, founder of Caius College,
Cambridge, IV. 648; XV. 808; on
birds, xvm. 3; on the sweating sick
ness, xxn. 734.
CAESAR CALIGULA, Roman em
peror, iv. 706; xx. 772, 775.
COLLEGE, Cambridge, iv. 731.
CAJAMARCA (Caxamarca), town, Peru,
v. 279.
CAJATAMBO, town, Peru, v. 279.
CAJAZZO, town, Italy, iv. 648.
CAJEPUT OIL, iv. 648; from Buru, iv.
573-
CAJETAN, Benedict (Pope Boniface
VIII.), iv. 33.
, Cardinal, papal legate to Germany,
iv. 649; xv. 73.
CAKUNTALA, Sanskrit drama, xm. 829.
CALABAR, country, West Africa, iv.
649; river, I. 254.
BEAN, poisonous plant, iv. 650;
in. 461.
CALABER, Quintus, Greek poet, xx. 188.
CALABOZO, town, Venezuela, iv. 650;
xxiv. 140.
CALABRIA, district, Italy, iv. 650; xm.
439> coins of, xvii. 637.
CALADIUM, stove plant, xn. 266.
CALAFATE, plant, Patagonia, xvm. 353.
CALAH, Ruins of, Nineveh, xvn. 512.
CALAHONDA, village, Spain, xvn. 4.
CALAHORRA, town, Spain, iv. 651.
CALAIS, town, France, iv. 651; xvin.
339-
CALAITE, mineral, xvi. 405; xxm. 670.
CALAMARIID^E, family of snakes, xxn.
192.
CALAMIANES, islands, Philippines,
xvin. 752.
CALAMINE, mineral, xvi. 398; xxiv.
784; electric, polarity of, xix. 312.
CALAMIS, Greek sculptor, II. 354.
CALAMITIES OF AUTHORS, D'Israeli's
work, vii. 260.
CALAMUS, genus of palms, xvin. 189.
— , incense, XII. 718.
— , ancient writing implement, xvin.
483-
— DRACO, plant, vn. 389.
CALAMY, Edmund, Nonconformist
divine (d. 1666), IV. 652.
, Edmund, Nonconformist divine
(d. 1732), iv. 652.
CALANDRA GRANARIA, wheat pest,
xxiv. 536.
CALANDRELLA, genus of birds, xiv.
3i5-
CALAPAN, town, Philippine Islands,
xvm. 752.
CALAPHATES, Michael V., Byzantine
emperor, xvi. 226.
CALAS, Jean, French Protestant, iv. 652;
Voltaire's vindication of, xxiv. 290.
CALASANZA, Joseph, founder of the
Piarists, XIX. 78.
CALASIO, Mario de, Italian Biblical
scholar, iv. 653.
CALATAFIMI, town, Sicily, iv. 653.
CALATAGIRONE, town, Sicily, iv. 712.
CALATANISETTA, town, Sicily, iv. 713;
xxii. 31.
CALATAYUD, town, Spain, iv. 653.
CALATRAVA, Spanish crusading order,
xxn. 316.
76
C A L — C A L
CALAURIA, island, Greece, xix. 521;
amphictyony of, I. 773.
CALAVERAS, California, U.S.A., gigantic
trees of, xxi. 674; xxm. 810.
CALBE-ON-THE-SAALE, town, Prussia,
xiii. 826.
CALCAR, John de, German painter, iv.
653-
CALCAREA, class of sponges, xxn. 421.
CALCAREOUS SPAR, iv. 653.
CALCAREOUS SPRINGS, x. 270.
CALCEDON (Chalcedon), ancient town,
Asia Minor, v. 371.
CALCEDONY, or Chalcedony, precious
stone, I. 277; xvi. 389; xvn. 776;
xxi. 310.
CALCEOLARIA, greenhouse plant, xn.
262.
CALCHAS, Greek soothsayer, iv. 653.
CALCHEDON (Chalcedon), town, Asia
Minor, v. 371.
CALCISPONGES, xxn. 418.
CALCITE, mineral, x. 228; xvi. 396.
CALCIUM, chemical element, v. 525;
xiv. 647; as plant food, xix. 49.
FLUORIDE (Fluor-spar), mineral,
IX. 349.
CALCOPHYLLITE, mineral, xvi. 407.
CALC-SPAR, mineral, iv. 653; xiv. 647;
xvi. 396.
CALCULATING MACHINES, iv. 654;
Babbage's, in. 178.
CALCULATION, Arithmetical, n. 526.
CALCULUS, concretion in the bladder,
xxiv. 189.
— , Infinitesimal, Xin. 5; claims of.
Leibnitz and Newton to the discovery
of, xiv. 419; xvn. 446; differential,
Xin. 13; integral, xiii. 33.
— OF FUNCTIONS, ix. 823.
OF VARIATIONS, xxiv. 85; due to
Lagrange, xiv. 207.
CALCUTTA, capital of India, iv. 656;
rise of, XII. 800; jute trade of, xin.
801; libraries, Xiv. 533; newspapers,
xvn. 432; university, xxm. 856.
CALDANI, Leopold Marco Antonio,
Italian anatomist, iv. 659.
CALDAS, Brazil, hot springs of, iv.
223.
— DE MOMBUY, Spain, mineral
water of, xvi. 434.
CALDEIRAS, boiling fountains, Azores,
in. 171.
CALDER, Sir Robert, British admiral,
iv. 659.
CALDERON, Serafin Estebanez, Spanish
satirist, xxn. 361.
DE LA BARCA, Pedro, Spanish
dramatist, iv. 659; vn. 422; xxn.
359-
CALDERWOOD, David, Scottish historian,
iv. 66 i.
CALDICOT CASTLE, Monmouth, Eng
land, xvi. 754.
CALDIERO, Italy, Battle of (1796), in.
131-
CALE (Oporto), ancient seaport, Portugal,
xvn. 795.
CALEB WILLIAMS, Godwin's novel, x.
718.
CALEDONIA, ancient Northern Britain,
iv. 662; xxi. 471.
— , Chalmers's work, v. 373.
— , Canada, mineral water of, XVI.
436.
CALEDONIAN CANAL, iv. 787.
CALEDONITE, mineral, xvi. 402.
CALENBERG, principality, Hanover, IV.
664.
CALENDAR, iv. 664; v. 711; reformation
of, by Cresar and Sosigenes, IV. 638;
xxn. 276; by Gregory XIII., XI. 178;
Accadian, in. 191; Burmese, iv. 555;
Egyptian, vn. 728 ; French Republican,
IX. 606; Gregorian, or New Style, IV.
671; ancient Mexican, I. 695; xvi.
212; Nepalese, xvn. 343; Siamese,
xxi. 853.
CALENDARIO, Filippo, Venetian archi
tect and conspirator, xxiv. 153.
CALENDER, machine for dressing cloth,
iv. 682; for glossing paper, xvni.
224.
CALENDERING, in cloth bleaching, in.
819.
CALENDS, first day of the Roman month,
iv. 665.
CALENDULA, genus of plants, xv. 544.
CALEPINO, Ambrogio, Italian lexico
grapher, IV. 683; his polyglott dic
tionary, Vlll. 843.
CALF OF MAN, islet, Irish Sea, xv.
450.
CALF SKINS, for tanning, xiv. 380, 386.
CALHOUN, John Caklwell, American
politician and orator, iv. 683; I. 722;
xxm. 762, 764, 770.
CALIARI, Carlo, Italian painter, xxiv.
174.
, Paolo (Veronese), Italian painter,
xxiv. 173.
CALIBRATION, of thermometers, xxm.
289.
CALICHE, nitrate of soda, xvn. 518.
CALICO, cotton cloth, vi. 488, 500.
CALICO-PRINTING, iv. 684.
CALICUT, town, India, iv. 693.
CALIFORNIA, State, U.S.A., iv. 694;
topography of, xxm. 801 ; population,
xxm. 802; discovery of, by Hernan
Cortes, VI. 442; surveyed by Alarcon,
I. 442; aborigines of, xn. 826; birds,
in. 752; marine fishes, xn. 679;
forests, IX. 405; gold, X. 743; mines,
xvi. 470; opium cultivation, xvn.
792; sulphur mines, XXII. 634; trees,
xxm. 809 ; wine industry, xxiv.
611.
, Gulf of, xvni. 116; pearl fisheries,
xvni. 447.
, Lower, state, Mexico, xvi. 214.
CALIFORNIAN TOAD, lizard, xiv. 736.
CALIGRAPHY, xvni. 143; xxm. 682.
CALIGULA, Caius Ca?sar, Romanemperor,
IV. 706; XX. 772, 775; as Antichrist,
n. 124.
— , Palace of, at Rome, xx. 823.
CALINGA, ancient kingdom, India, xin.
829.
CALINGAPATAM, town, India, xin. 829.
CALIPH, Mohammedan sovereign, iv.
706; xvi. 589, 591; xxn. 661.
CALIPHATE, The Eastern, xvi. 565.
— OF CORDOVA, xxn. 313.
CALIPHATES, Coins of the, xvn. 659.
CALIPHS, Tombs of the, Cairo, xvi.
865.
CALIPPUS, Greek astronomer, n. 748.
CALISAYA, quinine, xx. 186.
CALISIA (Kalish), ancient town, Poland,
xin. 829.
CALISTHENICS, gymnastic exercises, XL
350.
CALITRI, town, Italy, iv. 707.
CALIXTINES, Christian sect, xvi. Sir.
CALIXTUS I., or Callistus, pope, iv.
707; xix. 489; xxi. 127.
II., pope, iv. 707; xix. 499.
— III., pope, iv. 707.
-, Georgius, Lutheran divine, iv. 707.
CALLAINITE, mineral, xxm. 670.
CALLAIS, or Callaina, ancient precious
stone, xxm. 670.
CALLANDER, town, Scotland, xvm.
667.
CALLAO, town, Peru, iv. 707 ; xiv.
644.
CALLATIS (Mangalia), ancient town,
Thrace, XV. 479.
CALLCOTT, Sir Augustus Wall, English
painter, IV. 708.
-, John Wall, English composer, iv.
708.
, Mrs Maria Graham, English writer,
IV. 708.
CALLERNISH, Druidical stones of,
Lewis, Scotland, xiv. 492.
CALLES (Cagli), ancient town, Italy, iv.
640.
CALLICHTHYS, genus of fishes, xxn.
69.
CALLIGRAPHY, xvni. 143; xxm. 682.
CALLIMACHUS, Greek architect and
statuary, iv. 709.
, Greek poet and librarian of the
Alexandrian library, iv. 708; I. 498.
CALLIOPE, Muse of epic poetry, IV. 709;
xvn. 74.
CALLIPID^E, Graco-Scythian race, xxi.
575-
CALLIPOLIS (Gallipoli), ancient town,
Italy, x. 43.
CALLIPUS, Period or Cycle of, iv. 668.
CALLIRRHOE, in Greek legend, iv. 709.
CALLISTHENES, Greek philosopher, iv.
709; his courage and his fate, I. 484.
, Pseudo-, romancing history of, xx.
640.
CALLISTO, in Greek mythology, iv. 709;
xvni. 208.
C A L — C A M
77
CALLISTRATUS, Athenian orator, iv. 709.
, Athenian poet, IV. 709.
CALLISTUS, or Calixtus (q.v.), popes, iv.
707; xix. 489.
CALLITHRIX, genus of apes, n. 1 54.
CALLITRIS, genus of trees, xvi. 833;
xxi. 256.
GALLON, Greek sculptor, n. 350.
CALLOPHIS, genus of snakes, xxn. 196.
CALLOSITIES, in mammals, xv. 348.
C ALLOT, Jacques, French engraver and
caricaturist, iv. 709; v. 104.
CALLOWHILL, Hannah, wife of William
Penn, xvm. 497.
CALLUNA, genus of plants, XL 589.
CALLYODON, genus of fishes, xvni. 324.
CALMAR, county, Sweden, xxn. 741.
, town, Sweden, iv. 710; treaty of
union of (1397), vii. 85; xvn. 746.
CALMET, Augustine, French Biblical
critic, iv. 710; ix. 671.
CALMEYER ISLAND, Indian Archipelago,
xxii. 653.
CALMUCKS, or Kalmuks, people, Mon
golia, iv. 710; xvi. 745, 749; xxm. 70.
CALNE, town, England, iv. 711; xxiv.
594-
CALCENAS, genus of birds, xix. 83
CALOMEL, in chemistry and pharmacy,
IV. 711; xvi. 33, 35; as mineral, xvi.
384-
CALOMPE, town, Cambodia, iv. 725.
CALONNE, Charles Alexandra de,
French statesman, iv. 711; ix. 595.
CALOPRINI, noble family, Venice, xvi.
836.
CALOPTENUS, genus of locusts, xiv. 766.
CALORIMETER, xx. 132; Thompson's,
for coal, vi. 80.
CALORIMETRY, measurement of quan
tities of heat, XL 555.
CALOTES, genus of lizards, xiv. 736.
CALOTYPE, in photography, xvm. 824.
CALPE, the ancient Gibraltar, x. 585.
CALPRENEDE, Chevalier de la, French
romancist, xx. 659.
CALPURNIUS, father of St Patrick, xvm.
411.
— , Titus, Roman poet, iv. 712.
— PiSO, Lucius, Roman annalist, xiv.
729.
CALTAGIRONE, town, Sicily, iv. 712.
CALTANISETTA, town, Sicily, iv. 713;
xxii. 31.
CALTHA, genus of plants, xv. 544.
CALTHROP, in heraldry, XL 703.
CALUIRE-ET-CUIRE, town, France, xx.
529.
CALUMET, American-Indian pipe of
peace, xix. in.
— COPPER MINES, Michigan, U.S.A.,
xvi. 239; xxm. 816.
CALVADOS, department, France, iv. 713.
CALVART, Denis, painter, iv. 713; xx.
396.
CALVERT, George, Lord Baltimore, Eng
lish statesman, iv. 713; xvn. 385.
CALVI, town, Corsica, iv. 713.
CALVIN, Gerard, father of John Calvin,
iv. 714.
, John, Reformer, IV. 714; x. 149;
xx. 334; xxii. 791; his system of
church order, xix. 676; his doctrine
of predestination, Xix. 670; his influ
ence on French prose, IX. 654; his re
lations with Beza, 111.625; with Farel,
IX. 32; with Servetus, XXI. 685; with
Socinus, XXII. 228.
CALVINISTIC CHURCHES, their litur
gical service, xiv. 711.
CALVINISTIC METHODISTS, "Welsh, xvi.
193-
CALVISIUS, Sethus, German astronomer,
iv. 721.
CALVUS, Licinius, Roman poet, v. 249.
CALW, town, Wiirtemberg, xui. 830.
CALYCADNUS, river, Asia Minor, II.
708.
CALYDON, ancient town, Greece, IV.
721.
CALYMNA, island, Asia Minor, coins of,
xvil. 647.
CALYPSO, in Greek mythology, I v. 72 1 .
-, Grotto of, Malta, xv. 341.
CALYPTOBLASTEA-LEPTOMEDUS^E, or
der of Hydrozoa, XI I. 561.
CALYPTR^A, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
650.
CALYX, of plants, iv. 131.
CAM, in mechanics, xv. 759.
, Diogo, Portuguese discoverer, IV.
721.
CAMAHIEU, Le, a sardonyx cameo, iv.
739-
CAMALDULIANS, Camaldoli, or Camal-
dolites, religious order, IV. 721; xvi.
708.
CAMARACUM (Cambray), ancient town,
France, iv. 726.
CAMARGUE, district, Bouches-du-Rh6ne,
France, iv. 169.
CAMARINA, ancient town, Sicily, iv. 721 ;
xxii. 814; coins of, XVIL 639.
CAMAROON, river, West Africa, I. 254.
MOUNTAINS, West Africa, i. 251.
CAMBACERES, Jean Jacques Regis de,
French statesman, IV. 722; IX. 613;
XVIL 203.
CAMBADENE, Parthian kingdom, xvm.
592.
CAMBALUC, or Cambalu, ancient capital
of China, IV. 722.
CAMBARUS PELLUCIDUS, blind cray
fish, xv. 450.
CAMBAY, town and gulf, India, iv.
723-
CAMBERT, Robert, French musical
composer, IV. 723.
CAMBERWELL, district, London, xiv.
822.
CAMBIASI, Luca (Luchetto da Genova),
Italian painter, x. 158.
CAMBIUM, layer between stem and bark
in trees, IV. 101; xn. 15.
CAMBO, France, mineral springs of, xx.
127.
CAMBODIA, kingdom, south-eastern Asia,
iv. 723; its relation to Siam, XXI.
854.
, river, VI. 94.
CAMBODUNUM, Roman town, England,
xii. 331.
CAMBOGIA (Gamboge), drug, x. 60.
CAMBOIS COLLIERY, Northumberland,
England, VI. 63.
CAMBOJA (Cambodia, q.v.), kingdom,
Asia, iv. 723.
CAMBORNE, town, England, iv. 726.
CAMBRAY, or Cambrai, town, France, iv.
726; league and treaty of (1508), ix.
555, 556; xxiv. 144.
CAMBRIAN ROCKS, x. 329.
CAMBRIC, muslin, iv. 726.
CAMBRIDGE, county, England, iv. 726;
population and representation, xxm.
727.
, town, England, IV. 728 ; univer
sity, xxm. 838, 848; Trinity College,
in. 579; libraries, xiv. 520, 542;
newspapers, xvn. 422 ; observatory,
XVIL 710; boat racing, xxi. 31.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., iv.
732; Harvard College at, XL 500;
libraries, xiv. 550; observatory, xvn.
715-
— , O. P., on spiders, II. 294.
GULF, Western Australia, xxiv.
507.
MORALISTS, Ethics of the, vm.
597-
PLATONISTS, xix. 211.
CAMBUSKENNETH ABBEY, Scotland,
xxii. 555.
CAMBYSES, king of Persia, father of
Cyrus, IV. 732.
-, king of Persia, son of Cyrus,
iv. 733; xvm. 567; in Egypt, vn.
743-
CAMDEN, town, New Jersey, U.S.A., iv.
734; XVIL 397.
, town, South Carolina, U.S.A., iv.
734; battle of (1780), xxm. 744.
, First Earl, lord chancellor of Eng
land, iv. 735.
— , First Marquis, lord lieutenant of
Ireland, XIV. 853.
— , William, English antiquary, iv.
734; on anagrams, I. 790.
CAMEL, ungulate mammal, iv. 735; xv.
430; its affinity to the llama, xiv.
738; of Arabia, II. 242; of Egypt,
vn. 711; of Persia, xvm. 625; of
Turkestan, xxm. 635, 638.
CAMELINE OIL, xvn. 745.
CAMELLIA, genus of plants, iv. 737; its
culture as greenhouse plant, xii. 262;
allied to tea, xxm. 97.
CAMELON CAUSEWAY, Roman road,
Stirling, Scotland, xxii. 554.
CAMELOPARD, ungulate mammal, x.
618; xv. 432.
78
C A M — C A N
CAMENIATA, Joanne?, Byzantine his
torian, iv. 613.
CAMEO, engraved relief work, iv. 738;
x. 136.
CAMERA, Photographic, xvm. 839.
LUCIDA, iv. 740.
OBSCURA, iv. 741; xvin. 839.
CAMERARIUS, Joachim, German scholar
(.1. 1574), iv. 741.
— , Joachim, German physician (d.
1598), iv. 741.
CAMERINO, town, Italy, iv. 741.
CAMERON, Charles D., British consul in
Abyssinia, I. 66.
, John, Scottish theologian, IV. 741.
, Richard, Scottish covenanter, iv.
742.
, V. L., explorer of Central Africa,
i. 249; x. 194.
CAMERONIANS, Scottish religious de
nomination, IV. 742; xix. 684; xxi.
516.
CAMERONITES, or Uiiiversalists, re
ligious sect, iv. 741.
CAMEROONS, mountains, Africa, iv. 742;
languages of the region, xxiv. 828.
CAMIGUIN, island, Philippines, xvin.
751; volcano, xvin. 749.
CAMILLO, of Sicily, mystic, xxn. 228.
CAMILLUS, Marcus Furius, Roman
dictator, iv. 742; xx. 740.
AND CAMILLA, juvenile assistants
at Roman sacrifices, iv. 742.
CAMINHA, Andrade de, Portuguese poet,
iv. 746.
CAMIRUS, town, Rhodes, xx. 526;
gold ornaments from, II. 350.
CAMISARDS, French insurgents, iv.
743; v. 260.
CAMMELLI, Antonio, Italian poet, xin.
510.
CAMMIN, town, Prussia, xm. 833.
CAMOCA, Oriental cloth, xxm. 210.
CAMOENS, or Cainoes, Luiz de, Portu
guese poet, IV. 745; xix. 556.
- COLLECTION, of books and MSS.,
xiv. 533.
CAMOMILE, or Chamomile, plant, xn.
289; flowers, v. 384.
CAMP, Intrenched, ix. 466.
— , Roman, iv. 750.
CAMPLE (Kampen), town, Holland, xm.
833; xvm. 78.
CAMPAGNA, town, Italy, iv. 751.
DI ROMA, district, Italy, iv. 751;
xiv. 343.
CAMPAIGNS, Military, xxiv. 344.
CAMPAN, Jeanne Louise Henriette,
French writer, IV. 751.
CAMPANELLA, Tomaso, Italian philo
sopher, iv. 751.
— , Punta della, cape, Italy, xvn. 187.
CAMPANIA, ancient province, Italy, iv.
752; xm. 439; coins of, xvn. 637.
- FELIX, Italy, xvn. 187.
CAMPANI-ALIMENIS, Matteo, Italian
mechanician, iv. 753.
CAMPANIANS, Italian people, xxi. 248.
CAMPANILE, bell-tower, iv. 753; Giot
to's, at Florence, II. 436; x. 611; cam
panile at Pisa, xix. 122; campaniles at
Rome, II. 436; xx. 835; campanile of
St Mark, Venice, xxiv. 153.
CAMPANUS ACER, district, Italy, v. 79.
CAMPASPE, river, Victoria, Australia,
xxiv. 215.
CAMPBELL, Lord, lord chancellor of
England, IV. 757.
, Sir Archibald, his expedition
against Burmah, iv. 557.
— , Sir Colin, Lord Clyde, British
general, vi. 43.
, George, Scottish theologian and
critic, iv. 754; on rhetoric, xx. 515.
— , John, American journalist, xvil.
433-
— , John, Scottish historian, IV. 754.
— , John M'Leod, of Row, Scottish
divine, xxi. 538.
-, Robert Macgregor (Rob Roy), XX.
608.
-, Thomas, English poet, IV. 755.
CAMPBELL'S TOMB, Egypt, vn. 772.
CAMPBELTOWN, town, Scotland, iv.
759-
CAMPE, Joachim Heinrich, German edu
cationist, iv. 760.
CAMPECHE, or Campeachy, state,
Mexico, XVI. 214; xxiv. 757; town,
iv. 760; xvi. 214; xxiv. 758.
CAMPEGGIO, Lorenzo, cardinal, iv. 760.
CAMPELLENSIS, Gulielmus (William of
Champeaux), scholastic philosopher, v.
386; III. 602.
CAMPER, Peter, Dutch anatomist, iv.
760; I. 815.
CAMPERDOWN, Holland, Naval battle
of (1797), vii. 533; vni. 362.
CAMPHOR, aromatic substance, iv. 760;
chemistry of, V. 560; xvn. 748; as
incense, XII. 718; from Formosa, v.
636.
CAMPHUYSEN, Dirk Rafaelsz, Dutch
painter, iv. 761.
CAMPI, Bernardino, Italian painter, iv.
761.
, Giulio, Italian painter, iv. 761.
CAMPIAN, Edmund, English Jesuit, iv.
761.
CAMPIDANO, Plain of, Sardinia, xxi.
307-
CAMPLI, town, Italy, iv. 762.
CAMPOAMOR, Ramon de, Spanish poet,
xxii. 362.
CAMPOBASSO, town, Italy, iv. 762; pro
vince, xvi. 631.
CAMPOBELLO, town, Sicily, iv. 762.
— DI LlCATA, town, Sicily, IV. 762.
CAMPODUNUM (Kempten), Roman town,
Bavaria, xiv. 33.
CAMPO FORMIC, Italy, Treaty of (1797),
in. 131; ix. 610; xm. 485; XVIL 200.
CAMPOLOLAS, African race, v. 281.
CAMPOMANES, Pedro Rodriguez, Conde
de, Spanish statesman and economist,
iv. 762; xix. 363; xxn. 342.
CAMPO SANTO, cloister, Pisa, vi. 36;
xix. 122.
CAMPSIE, Scotland, manufacture of alum
at, i. 646.
FELLS, hills, Scotland, xxn.
553-
CAMUCCINI, Vincenzo, Italian painter,
IV. 762.
CAMUL (Hami), town, Central Asia, xi.
409.
CAMULODUNUM (Colchester), ancient
town, England, vi. 124.
CAMULOGENUS, Gallic chief, xvin.
286.
CAMUNI, Rhrctian people, xx. 505.
CAMUS, Charles Etienne Louis, French
mathematician, IV. 762.
CANA, of Galilee, Palestine, iv. 762.
, Dahomey, Africa, vi. 765.
CANAAN, geographical name, iv. 762.
, son of Ham, xvn. 523.
CANAANITES, people of Phoenicia and
Palestine, IV. 763; xin. 397, 401;
xvi. 533; xvin. 174, 803.
CANADA, The Dominion of, iv. 765;
i. 711; early exploration of, x. 187;
Champlain's settlements in, v. 387;
as a French possession, IX. 587;
grant of, to Sir William Alexander, I.
493; in relation to the United States,
xxin. 733, 742, 759, 782; official
precedence in, xix. 667; birds of, in.
752; xvin. 16; coalfields, vi. 60;
debt, XVII. 247; fisheries, IX. 266;
forests, IX. 405; immigration to, vill.
177; Indian tribes, XII. 830; libraries,
XIV. 534, 550; militia, II. 593; mines,
xvi. 469; newspapers, xvn. 437; post
office, xix. 578; railways, xx. 252;
universities, xxin. 856.
— , Upper, xvn. 774.
- BALSAM, in. 293; ix. 225; xxin.
669.
CANADIAN, river, New Mexico and
Texas, U.S.A., xvn. 400; xxin. 203.
CANAIGRE, plant, xvn. 401.
CANAL, iv. 782; flow of water in, xn.
492; Grand, in China, v. 631;
Panama, xvin. 209; Suez, xxn. 620.
, or Canaletto, Antonio, Venetian
painter, IV. 795.
CANALS, Egyptian, vn. 709; European,
Vin. 710; of Holland, XI. 63; in India,
for irrigation, XIII. 369; aqueducts on,
n. 229; Brindley's construction of, iv.
347; Telford's, xxin. 155.
CANANDAiGUA,town, New York, U.S.A.,
iv. 795; lake, xvn. 451.
CANANUS, Joannes, Byzantine historian,
iv. 613.
CANAR, Ecuador, Inca remains at, vn.
648.
CANARA, North, district, India, xin.
834.
, South, district, India, XIII. 835.
C A N — C A N
79
CANARESE LANGUAGE, dictionaries of,
vii. 191.
CANARIS, Constantino, Greek leader, xi.
125.
CANARIUM, genus of trees, vin. 122.
CANARY, Grand, longitude reckoned
from, x. 187.
CANARY-BIRD, iv. 795; ix. 192.
CANARY ISLANDS, North Atlantic, iv.
795; i. 272; xxn. 298.
CANARY WINE, xxiv. 607.
CANAS, Peruvian nation, xvm. 676.
CANCALE, town, France, iv. 800.
CANCAO, or Cancar, town, Cambodia, iv.
800.
CANCEAU, Gut of, strait, Nova Scotia, v.
40.
CANCER, disease, iv. 800; xvm. 380; of
the breast, xvm. 383; of the stomach,
xxn. 575; of the throat, xxm. 321.
CANCIONEROS, Spanish collections of
poems, xxn. 355.
CANCRIN, Franz Luclwig von, German
mineralogist, iv. 80 1.
CANCRINITE, mineral, xvi. 412.
CANDAHAR, town, Afghanistan, xin.
835-
CANDAULES, Lydian king, xv. 100.
CANDEISH, district, India, xiv. 56.
CANDELABRUM, ancient lamp-stand, iv.
802.
CANDIA, or Crete (q.v.), island, European
Turkey, vi. 569; xxm. 653.
— , town, Crete, IV. 802; capture of
by the Turks (1669), xxiv. 147.
CANDIAC, Jean Louis, precocious French
child, iv. 802.
CANDIDE, Voltaire's work, xxiv. 292.
CANDLE, and candle-making, iv. 802.
CANDLEMAS, church festival, iv. 804.
CANDLE-NUT OIL, xvn. 744.
CANDLESTICK, iv. 804.
CANDLISH, RobertSmith, Scottish divine,
iv. 804.
CANDOLLE, Augustin Pyramus de, vn.
18; his classification of plants, iv. 80;
xvi. 838.
CANDY, Sugar, confection, vi. 257.
CANE, variety of plants, iv. 805.
CANEA, town, Crete, iv. 806; vi. 572.
CANEPHORI, in Greek festival proces
sions, iv. 806.
CANE - SUGAR, xix. 54; xxn. 623,
625.
CANETE, Mendoza, marquis of, Peruvian
viceroy, xvm. 677.
CANFINNY, chief of Irish sept, xix. 735.
CANGA-ARGUELLES, Jose, Spanish states
man, iv. 806.
CANGIAGIO, Luca (Luchetto da Geneva),
Italian painter, x. 158.
CAN GRANDE, duke of Verona, xxiv.
173-
CANICATTI, town, Sicily, iv. 806.
CANID^E, family of carnivorous mam
mals, vn. 324; xv. 437.
CANIGOU, Mont, France, xx. 128.
CANINA, Luigi, Italian archaeologist, iv.
806.
CANINI, Giovanni Agnolo, Italian en
graver, iv. 806.
CANINO, Prince of (Lucien Bonaparte),
iv. 28.
CANISP, mountain, Scotland, xxn. 726.
CANITZ, Baron von, German poet, iv.
807; x. 531.
CANMORE, Malcolm, king of Scotland,
xxi. 480.
CANNABIN, CANNABENE, resin and oil
in Indian hemp, XL 649.
CANNAE, ancient town, Italy, iv. 807;
battle of (216 B.C.), III. 444; XI. 443;
xx. 749.
CANNANORE (Kananur), town, India,
xin. 834; xv. 312.
CANNEL COAL, vi. 46; xvi. 429.
CANNES, town, France, iv. 807; i.
599-
CANNIBALISM, iv. 807; evidences of, in
bone-caves, v. 269; on the Congo,
xvii. 317; in Fiji, IX. 157; in
Polynesia, XIX. 426.
CANNIDAS, in Greek legend, xxm. 294.
CANNING, Earl, governor-general of
India, IV. 810; XII. 809.
, George, English statesman, IV. 809;
vill. 365; his duel with Castle-
reagh, xiv. 854; his relations with
Palmerston, xvm. 193; with Peel,
xvm. 454.
-, Stratford (Viscount Stratford dt
Redcliffe), English diplomatist, xxn.
590.
CANNOBIO, town, Italy, xv. 198.
CANNON, ancient, II. 557; construction
of, XL 286; naval, XVII. 286.
, George Q., Mormon delegate to
United States Congress, xvi. 827.
STREET RAILWAY STATION,
London, XX. 235.
CANNSTATT, or Canstatt, town, Wiirtem-
berg, v. 26; xxn. 613; population,
xxiv. 701.
CANO, Alonzo, Spanish painter and
sculptor, iv. 811; xxi. 567.
— , Melchior, Spanish bishop, iv. 8 1 1 ;
his opposition to the Jesuits, XIII. 650.
CANOBUS, or Canopus, town, ancient
Egypt, v. 23.
CANOE, kind of boat, iv. 811; xxi. 804.
CANON, of Scripture, v. i; m. 644; of
Hebrew Bible, ill. 635.
— , ecclesiastical officer, v. 1 5, 228.
— , of hymns in Greek Church, XI I.
580.
— , in music, xvii. 82.
CANONICAL HOURS, v. 22; iv. 263.
CANONIZATION, v. 22.
CANON LAW, v. 15; growth of, xix.
499; its relations to heresy, XI. 734;
Cranmer's revision of, vi. 551.
CANON MIRIFICUS, Napier's work on
logarithms, xvn. 178.
CANONS, Apostolic, n. 194.
CANONS, Book of, for Scottish Church,
xxi. 511.
CANONS, of the Colorado river, U.S.A.,
vi. 163; xxm. 799.
CANONS REGULAR, order of monks, xvi.
707; of the Holy Sepulchre, xxi. 670.
CANOPUS, town, ancient Egypt, v. 23.
CANOPY, in architecture, n. 461.
CANOSA, town, South Italy, v. 23.
CANOSSA, North Italy, emperor Henry
IV.'s penance at (1077), x. 488; XL
177; xin. 471; xv. 632.
CANOVA, Antonio, Italian sculptor, v.
24; xxi. 570.
CANOVAS DEL CASTILLO, Antonio,
Spanish historian, xxn. 362.
CANSO, Gut of, strait, Nova Scotia, v. 40;
xvn. 60 1.
CANSTATT, town, Wiirtemberg, v. 26;
xxn. 613; population, xxiv. 701.
CANSTEIN, Karl Hildebrand, count of,
German writer, v. 27.
CANTABRIA, district, ancient Spain, v.
27.
CANTABRIAN MOUNTAINS, Spain, xxn.
294.
CANTACUZENE, Serban, voivode of
Walachia, xxi. 17.
CANTACUZENUS, Johannes, emperor of
the East, v. 27; as Byzantine historian,
IV. 613; on Hesychasm, XL 782.
CANTAGALLO, town, Brazil, v. 27.
CANTAL, department, France, v. 27.
CANTARINA, Simone, Italian painter, v.
28.
CANTATA, musical composition, xvn.
86, 88.
CANTEMIR, Antiochus, Russian poet, v.
28.
— , Demetrius, voivode of Moldavia, v.
28; xxi. 19.
CANTERBURY, town, England, v. 28;
xiv. 39; archbishop of, n. 369; list of
archbishops, v. 30; original Saxon
cathedral, I. 13; III. 419; architecture
of cathedral, n. 426; crypt of cathe
dral, vi. 668; library, xiv. 519; news
papers, xvn. 421.
, province, New Zealand, v. 30.
- TALES, Chaucer's, v. 452; vm.
412.
CANTHARIDES, in pharmacy, v. 31; vi.
133; as poison, xix. 278.
CANTHARUS, ancient Greek cup, xix.
180, 614.
CANTICLES, book of Scripture, v. 32.
CANTILLON, Napoleon's bequest to,
xvn. 226.
CANTING ARMS, in heraldry, XL 691.
CANTON, town, China, v. 37, 639.
— , town, Ohio, U.S.A., v. 39; xvn.
737-
— , administrative district in Switzer
land, xxn. 793, 795.
-, John, English physicist, v. 39; his
electrical discoveries, vm. 7.
CANTOR, M., OP numerals, xvn. 627.
80
C A N — C A P
CANTU, or Canturio, town, Italy, v. 39.
CANULEIAN LAW, in Home, xx. 738.
CANUS, Melchior, Spanish bishop, iv.
811; XIIL 650.
CANUSIUM (Canosa), ancient town, Italy,
v. 23.
CANUTE, or Cnut, king of Denmark and
England, v. 39; vm. 287.
CANVAS, cloth, v. 40; for painting,
xviii. 137; for sails, xxi. 154.
CANVAS-BACK DUCK, bird, xix. 252.
CANZONIERE, Petrarch's lyrics, xm.
504; xviii. 711.
CAOUANA, genus of chelonian reptiles,
xxin. 458.
CAOUTCHIN, volatile hydrocarbon, xn.
840.
CAOUTCHOUC (India-rubber, q.v.), xn.
835; iv. 88.
- NAPHTHA, xvn. 174.
— TREE, Brazil, iv. 226.
CAPE BRETON, island, Nova Scotia, v.
40; xvn. 601.
CAPE COAST CASTLE, town, West Africa,
v. 41.
CAPE COLONY, South Africa, v. 41; i.
270; birds of, xviii. 16; debt, xvn.
247; diamond mines, VII. 164;
marine fishes, xn. 681; mines, xvi.
469; Christian missions, xvi. 517;
newspapers, xvn. 433; railways, xx.
252; university, xxm. 857; wine in
dustry, xxiv. 611.
CAPEFIGUE, Battiste Honore Eaymond,
French writer, V. 53.
CAPE HAYTIEN, town, Hayti, v. 50.
CAPE HORN, South America, xxm.
383; rounded by Maire and Schouten,
x. 1 86.
CAPEL, Lord, English Royalist leader, v.
53-
CAPELIN, fish, xxi. 221, 224.
CAPELL, Edward, Shakespearean critic,
v- 53-
CAPELLA, Martianus Mineus Felix,
scientific writer, v. 53; his encyclo
paedia, Vin. 191; on mnemonics, xvi.
532-
CAPELLEN, Admiral, his expedition
against Algiers, I. 566.
CAPE MAY, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.,
xvn. 397.
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, South Africa,
rounded by Bartolommeo Dias, v. 44;
vii. 169; x. 57; by Vasco da Gama,
x. 57, 181.
CAPE-PIGEON, bird, xviii. 712.
CAPERCALLY, or Capercailzie, bird, v.
53-
CAPERNAUM, Palestine, v. 54; site of,
x. 29.
CAPERS, pickle, v. 54.
CAPE ST ROQUE CURRENT, in Atlantic,
in. 19.
CAPE ST VINCENT, Portugal, Battle of
(1797), xvn. 322.
CAPET, royal family, France, v. 55.
CAPET, Hugh, king of France, IX. 536;
abbeys held by, I. 24; Paris his
capital, xvni. 287.
CAPE TOWN, South Africa, v. 49; i.
270; libraries, xiv. 534, 550; observa
tories, xvn. 716.
CAPE VERB ISLANDS, v. 50; i. 272;
birds of, in. 759.
CAPE WRATH, Scotland, cliffs at, xxi.
526.
CAPE YORK PENINSULA, Australia, xx.
172.
CAPGRAVE, John, English historian, v.
55-
CAPHTOR, original home of the Philis
tines, xvni. 756.
CAPIAS, obsolete writs in English law,
XXIV. 695.
CAPILLARIES, in blood system, I. 905;
xxiv. 105, 107.
CAPILLARY ACTION, v. 56; dependent
on adhesion, I. 153; perpetual motion
sought by means of, xvni. 554.
CAPIO PIGNORIS, in Roman law, xx.
685.
CAPIS, town, Philippine Islands, v. 71.
CAPISTRANO, Giovanni di, Franciscan
monk, v. 71.
CAPITAL, in architecture, n. 461.
-, in political economy, v. 7 1 ; na
tional, xvii. 247; socialistic views of,
xxn. 206, 21 1 ; taxes on, xxm. 88;
theories of, Xix. 374.
AND LABOUR, in economics, xxiv.
48; Say's theory of, xxi. 361.
CAPITALS, in Latin writing, xvni. 152.
CAPITANATA, province, Italy, v. 73.
CAPITATION TAXES, xxm. 89.
CAPITO, Ateius, Roman jurist, xiv. 164.
, Wolfgang Fabricius, German
theologian, V. 73 ; on church order,
XIX. 676.
CAPITOL (Capitolium), at Rome, v. 73;
xx. 824.
— , at Washington, U.S.A., II. 454;
xxiv. 384.
CAPITOLINE HILL, Rome, xx. 824.
CAPITOLINE JUPITER, Temple of, at
Rome, xx. 824; xxin. 193.
CAPITOLINI FASTI, ix. 43.
CAPITOLINUS, Julius, Augustan his
torian, in. 74.
— , Jupiter, xin. 780; temple of, XX.
824; xxin. 193.
, Marcus Manlius, Roman soldier,
XV. 492.
CAPITULARIES, Frankish laws, v. 73.
CAPITULATION, surrender, v. 74; autho
rity for, xxin. 531.
CAPIZ, town, Philippine Islands, v. 71.
CAPMANY, Antonio de Montpalan y,
Spanish historian, v. 74.
CAPNION (John Reuchlin, q.v.), German
Reformer, XX. 489.
CAPOBIANCO, leader of carbonari, v. 88.
CAPOCCIO, Giovanni, senator, mediaeval
Rome, xx. 795.
CAPO D' I STRIA, town, Austria, v. 74;
salt-works at, xxi. 229.
— , or Capodistrias, John, Count,
Russian diplomatist and president of
Greece, V. 74; XI. 125; XVII. 353.
CAPOLAGO, village, Switzerland, xv. 60.
CAPONNIERE, in fortification, ix. 439.
CAPON SPRINGS, West Virginia. U.S.A.,
xxiv. 518.
CAPORCIANITE, mineral, xvi. 422.
CAPPADOCIA, province, Asia Minor, v.
74; xix. 458; its relation to Phrygia,
xvni. 850; coins of, xvn. 648.
CAPPEL, Switzerland, Battle of (1531),
xx. 334; xxn. 790; xxiv. 612, 833.
-, French family of distinguished
scholars, V. 77.
-, Louis, French Protestant theo
logian, v. 77; iv. 603; on inspiration
of Scripture, xm. 156.
CAPPELLARI, Bartolommeo Alberto
(Pope Gregory XVI.), XL 179.
CAPPELLO, Bianca, grand-duchess of
Saxony, xv. 791.
CAPPELLUS, Ludovicus (L. Cappel, q.v.),
v. 77; iv. 603.
CAPPERONIER, Claude, French classical
scholar, v. 77.
CAPPONI, Gino, Florentine statesman
and historian, IX. 336; xin. 488.
, Neri, Florentine soldier, xv. 784.
— , Piero, ally of Savonarola, xxi. 335.
, Raflaello (Del Garbo), Italian
painter, x. 73.
CAPRA, genus of mammals, x. 708.
CAPRAJA, island, Italy, xin. 440.
CAPRE^E (Capri), island, -Italy, v. 77.
CAPRERA, island, Italy, v. 77.
CAPRI, island, Italy, v. 77; xin. 441.
CAPRIC ACID, xvn. 731.
CAPRICES DE MARIANNE, Musset's play,
XVII. III.
CAPRIMULGUS, genus of birds, x. 711.
CAPSICUM, cayenne pepper, v. 280; as
vegetable, xn. 280.
CAPSTAN, for raising weights, v. 78.
CAPSULE, of plants, iv. 152.
CAPTAIN, warship, Loss of the, xvn. 285.
, Naval, his rank and duties, xvn.
- CARLETON, work attributed to
Defoe, vn. 29.
OF THE FLEET, his rank and
duties, xvn. 292.
SINGLETON, Defoe's work, vn. 28.
CAPTIVITY OF THE JEWS, Babylonian,
xin. 417.
CAPTURE, in war, XIX. 766.
CAPUA, ancient town, Italy, V. 79; siege
of (211 B.C.), xi. 443; xx. 749.
CAPUCHINS, Franciscan monks, v. 79;
ix. 699; xvi. 711.
CAPUZINERBERG, mountain, Austria,
xxi. 239.
CAPVERN, spa, France, xx. 127.
CAPYBARA, rodent mammal, v. So; xv.
421.
C A
C A R
81
CAR, Railroad, xx. 247.
, Tramway, xxni. 507.
CARABINEERS, cavalry, v. 262.
CARABOBO, state, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
CARACAL, or Lynx, carnivorous mam
mal, v. So; xv. 109.
CARACALLA, Roman emperor, xxi. 700;
Ids massacre of Alexandrians, I. 494.
— , Baths of, at Rome, ill. 436.
CARACARON, ancient town, Central
Asia, xiv. 2.
CARACAS, town, Venezuela, v. Si:
xxiv. 140.
CARACCI, Agostino, Italian painter, v.
81.
, Annibale, Italian painter, v. Si;
xx. 396.
, Lodovico, Italian painter, v. 81;
xx. 396.
CARACCIOLO, Giamljattista, Neapolitan
painter, XX. 532.
CARACENI, Samnite tribe, Italy, xxi.
248.
CARACTACUS, or Caradoc, British chief,
iv. 353; xxi. 848.
— , Mason's tragedy, XV. 611.
CARAFFA, Giovanni Pietro (Pope Paul
IV.), xvin. 431.
CARAHUAIRAZO, mountain, Ecuador,
vii. 645.
CARAITES, Jewish sect, xiv. 2.
CARALES (Cagliari), ancient town,
Sardinia, IV. 640.
CARALITIS, lake, Asia Minor, xin.
384-
CARALLIA, district, Isauria, Asia Minor,
xin. 384.
CARAMAN, or Karaman, town, Asiatic
Turkey, v. 82; xv. 92.
CARAMANIA, district, Asiatic Turkey,
v. 82.
CARAMURATADES, Albanians, their con
version to Islam, XI. 122.
CARAMURU (D. A. Correa, in. 239),
Portuguese settler in Brazil, IV. 228.
— , Brazilian poem, by DurSo, vn.
553-
CARANX, genus of fishes, xil. 206.
CARAPA OIL, xvn. 746.
CARASSIUS AURATUS, gold-fish, x. 759.
CARAUSIUS, ruler of Britain, iv. 353.
CARAVACA, town, Spain, v. 82.
CARAVAGGIO, Michelangelo Amerighi
da, Italian painter, v. 82; XX. 532.
— , Polidoro Caldara da, Italian
painter, v. 83.
CARAVAN, company of travellers, v. 83.
CARAVANSERAI, for shelter of caravans,
v. 84.
CARAVELLAS, town, Brazil, v. 85.
CARAWAY, culinary herb, v. 85; XII.
289.
CARBAMIDE, in chemistry, v. 575, 578;
xvn. 516.
CARBEAS, leader of the Paulicians,
xvin. 434.
CARBIDE, Magnetic, as filter, ix. 168.
CARBOLIC ACID, v. 85; as antiseptic,
xxn. 678; as poison, xix. 277.
CARBOLIC OIL, xxni. 59.
CARBON, chemical element, v. 86,
520; determination of, v. 544; as
plant food, XIX. 48; spectrum of,
xxn. 375; in charcoal, v. 398; in
steel, Xin. 281.
COMPOUNDS, Nitrogenous, xvn.
519.
PRINTS, Photographic, xvin. 831.
CARBONARI, Italian secret societies, v.
88; xin. 486.
CARBONATE OF SODA, as flux, xvi. 62.
CARBONATES, v. 88; in metallurgy, xvi.
61; of soda, xxn. 241.
CARBONDALE, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., v. 89.
CARBONIC ACID, v. 88; expansion of, by
heat, XI. 574; liquefaction of, xix. 244;
oceanic, XXI. 611; as poison, XIX. 279.
CARBONIFEROUS STRATA, x. 346; in
Great Britain, VI. 48.
CARBUNCLE, precious stone, v. 89; x.
82; xvi. 411.
— , skin affection, V. 89; XXII. 683
CARCAJENTE, town, Spain, v. 89.
CARCASO (Carcassonne), ancient town,
France, v. 90.
CARCASSONNE, town, France, v. 89.
CARCHARIAS, genus of sharks, xxi. 774,
776.
CARCHARODON, genus of sharks, xxi.
777; their great length, xxi. 609.
CARCHEMISH, town, on the Euphrates,
vni. 669; XL 791.
CARCINOMA (Cancer, q.v.), disease, IV.
800.
CARCLAZITE, rock, xiv. i.
CARDAMOM, aromatic fruit, v. 90; from
India, xn. 748.
CARDAN, Girolamo, Italian mathe
matician and physicist, v. 90; his
dispute with Tartaglia, I. 513; xxni.
68; his work on algebra, I. 513; on
astrology, 1 1. 742; on teaching of deaf-
mutes, vn. 6.
CARDENAS, town, Cuba, v. 92.
CARD GAMES, x. 67; cheating at, xiv.
415; bezique, in. 623; cribbage, VI.
575; ecarte, vn. 620; euchre, vni. 654;
loo, XV. i ; napoleon, xvn. 229; picquet,
xix. 114; poker, xix. 282; whist,
xxiv. 543.
CARDIFF, town, Wales, v. 92; University
College at, xxni. 856.
CARDIGAN, county, Wales, v. 94; popu
lation and representation, xxni. 727;
town, v. 95.
, Seventh Earl of, British general,
v. 95.
CARDINAL, in Roman Catholic Church,
v. 96; xx. 629.
CARDINALS, College of, xix. 498.
CARDING, in wool manufacture, xxiv.
658.
ENGINES, for cotton, vi. 492.
CARDIOGRAPH, measurer of heart-beats,
xxiv. ioo.
CARDITIS, disease, XL 554.
CARDIUM, genus of molluscs, VI. ioo.
CARDONA, town, Spain, v. 98; salt hill
of, xv. 497; xxi. 231.
CARDOON, vegetable, xn. 280.
CARDROSS CASE, in Free Church of
Scotland, ix. 745.
CARDS, Playing, v. 99; conjuring tricks
with, xv. 211. See also Card Games.
CARDUCCI, or Carducho, Bartolommeo,
Italian painter, v. ioo.
, Giosue, Italian poet, XIII. 516.
-, Vincenzo, Italian painter, v. ioo.
CARDUELIS, genus of birds, x. 758;
xxn. 99.
CARDUUS, genus of plants, xxni. 307.
CARD WELL, Edward, English church
historian, v. ioo.
CARETTA, genus of chelonian reptiles,
xxni. 458, 460.
CARETTOCHELYS, genus of chelonian
reptiles, xxni. 459.
CAREW, George, earl of Totiiess, writer
on Ireland, v. 101.
, George, English diplomatist and
historian, v. 101.
-, Sir Peter, in Ireland, XIII. 264.
— , Richard, author of Survey of
Cornwall, v. 101.
— , Thomas, English poet, V. 101.
CAREY, Henry, English humorist and
musician, v. 101.
, Henry Charles, American econo
mist, XIX. 384.
-, William, Indian missionary and
Orientalist, v. 101.
CARGILL, Donald, Scottish Covenanter,
V. 102.
CARGO, Damage of, in insurance, in.
146.
CARIA, province, Asia Minor, v. 102;
coins of, XVII. 647.
CARIACO, town, Venezuela, v. 103.
CARIAMA, bird, xxi. 676.
CARIANS, people of Asia Minor, n. 711:
in relation to the Leleges, XIV. 434.
CARIBBEAN SEA, v. 103; xxiv. 510.
CARIBBEE ISLANDS, West Indies, v.
103.
CARIBE (Caripe), town, Venezuela, v.
1 06.
CARIBOCO, issue of Negro and Indian,
xvn. 319.
CARIBOU, American reindeer, VII. 25;
in Newfoundland, xvn. 383.
— , island, Nova Scotia, xvn. 601.
CARIES, race of people, Central America.
v. 103; xn. 131; xvn. 479.
CARICATURE, v. 103.
CARIES, bone disease, v. 105.
CARIGNANO, town, Italy, v. 105.
CARILEPH, Bishop, builder of Durham
cathedral, vn. 562.
CARILLON FALLS, Canada, xx. 165.
CARILLONS, of bells, in. 538.
XXV. — ii
82
0 A K — C A 11
CARIMATA ISLANDS, Indian Archi
pelago, v. 105.
CARINA, Parthian kingdom, xvm. 592.
CARINARIA, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
654.
CARINAT^E, division of birds, in. 699;
xvm. 19.
CARINELLA, genus of worms, xvn. 326,
328, 330.
CARINE NOCTUA, owl of Pallas Athene,
xvm. 91.
CARINI, town, Sicily, v. 106.
CARINOLA, town, Italy, v. 106.
CARINTHIA, crown-land, Austria, v.
106; xxn. 614.
CARINUS, Roman emperor, xvn. 627.
CARIPE, town, Venezuela, v. 106.
CARISBROOKE, village and castle, Isle
of Wight, v. 106; xxiv. 562.
CARISIACUM (Quiersy-sur-Oise), France,
Diet of (877), ix. 534.
CARISSIMI, Giacouio, Italian composer,
v. 1 06.
CARLETON, Sir Dudley, English states
man, v. 107.
, William, Irish novelist, v. 107.
- COLLEGE OBSERVATORY, North-
field, Minnesota, xvn. 715.
CARLI, Giovanni Rinaldo, count of,
Italian economist, v. 107; XIX. 362.
CARLISLE, town, England, v. 108;
parliament of, vill. 373.
— , town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., V. 1 10.
— , Fifth Earl of, statesman, v. 1 10.
— , Seventh Earl of, statesman, v. 1 10.
TABLE, of mortality, xm. 169.
CARLIST WAR, Spain, xxn. 346.
CARLO ALBERTO, king of Sardinia,
xm. 486.
CARLO EMMANUELE III., king of
Sardinia, XIII. 484.
CARLOMAN, son of Charles Martel, ix.
53i-
CARLOS, Don, son of Philip II. of Spain,
xvm. 744.
, Don, king of Naples (Charles III.
of Spain), XXII. 338, 340.
, Don, brother of Ferdinand VII.
of Spain, XXII. 345.
CARLOVINGIAN KINGS, of France, ix.
53°-
CARLOW, county, Ireland, v. 110, in;
population and representation, XXIII.
727; town, v. in.
CARLOWITZ, town, Hungary, v. 112;
peace of (1699), xiv. 466; xx«!. 646;
wine of, XXIV. 610.
CARLSBAD, town, Bohemia, v. 112;
mineral water of, xvi. 435.
DECREES (1819), x. 505.
CARLSBURG, town, Transylvania, v.
112.
CARLSEN, Captain, Norwegian Arctic
explorer, xix. 323.
CARLSHAMN, town, Sweden, v. 112.
CARLSKRONA, province and town,
Sweden, v. 112.
CARLSRUHE, town, Baden, v. 1 1 2.
CARLSTAD, province and town, Sweden,
v. 113-
CARLSTADT, district and town, Bavaria,
v. 113.
— , town, Croatia, Austria, v. 113.
(A. R. Bodenstein, q.v.), German
Reformer, v. 113; XX. 333.
CARLUKE, town, Scotland, v. 114.
CARLYLE, Alex., Scottish clergyman,
xx. 599.
, Joseph Dacre, English Orientalist,
v. 114.
— , Thomas, his Letters and Speeches
of Oliver Cromwell, vi. 604; his Life
of John Sterling, XXII. 541.
CARMAGNOLA, town, Italy, v. 114.
-, Francesco Bussone, count of,
condottiere, v. 114.
CARMANIA, Parthian satrapy, xiv. 99;
xvni. 586.
CARMARTHEN, county, Wales, v. 114;
population and representation, xxm.
727; town, V. 115.
CARMATHIANS, Moslem sect, n. 259;
xiv. 15; xvi. 586, 594.
CARMEL, mountain, Palestine, v. 115;
xvm. 172; Elijah at, vill. 135.
CARMELITES, order of monks, v. 116;
xvi. 709.
CARMENTA, Roman goddess, xix. 654.
CARMICHAEL, Gershom, Scottish meta
physician, v. 117.
CARMINA NISIBENA, Syriac hymns,
xxii. 828.
CARMINE, pigment, v. 117; xix. 88.
CARMINIC ACID, vi. 97.
CARMONA, town, Spain, v. 118; xxi.
708.
CARMOOT, fish, xxn. 67.
CARNAC, town, France, v. 118; ancient
remains at, II. 383; xxi. 51.
CARNALLITE, mineral, xv. 217; xvi.
384; xix. 588.
CARNAN, Thomas, claimant of the right
to print almanacs, I. 591.
CARNARVON, county, Wales, v. 1 1 8 ;
population and representation, XXlll.
727; town, v. 119.
CARNATIC, district, India, v. 119.
CARNATION, flowering plant, xn. 254;
xix. 106.
CARNAUBA WAX, xxiv. 459.
CARNEADES, Greek philosopher, v. 120;
I. 69; XXI. 380; opponent of the
Stoic school, xxn. 570.
CARNEIA, Spartan festival, n. 186.
CARN ElGE, mountain, Scotland, xx.
854-
CARNELIAN, precious stone, i. 277;
xvi. 389; xxi. 310; gems of, x. 136.
CARNI, ancient Italian tribe, xm. 447.
CARNIA, province, Greece., I. 79.
CARNIC ALPS, i. 630.
CARNIOLA, province, Austria, v. 121.
CARNIVAL, season preceding Lenten
fast, v. 121.
CARNI VORA, order of mammals, v. 124;
XV. 432 ; sense of touch in, xxill.
479-
CARNIVOROUS PLANTS, xm. 134.
CARNOT, Lazare Nicolas Marguerite,
French minister of war, v. 124; IX.
606, 609; organizer of Revolutionary
army, II. 601 ; on fortification, IX.
442, 463.
•, N. L. Sadi, French mathematician,
xxill. 283; on radiation of heat, xx.
214; on the theory of steam-power,
XXII. 478, 481, 485.
CARNOUSTIE, town, Scotland, ix. 411.
CARNOVALE, Fra, Italian painter, xxi.
442.
CARNTUAL, mountain, Ireland, xm. 215.
CARNUNTUM, ancient town, Pannonia,
v. 125.
CARO, Annibale, Italian poet, v. 125.
CAROB TREE, or Locust, xiv. 767; v.
623; beans, ill. 460.
CAROLAN, Turlogh, Irish bard, v. 125.
CAROLINA, colony, U.S.A., xxin. 729.
— , North, State, U.S.A., xvn. 558.
— , South, State, U.S.A., xxn. 286.
JASMINE, plant, xm. 596.
CAROLINE, Amelia Augusta, wife of
George IV. of England, v. 125; vin.
365; x. 427; trial of, IV. 377.
-, Maria, wife of Ferdinand IV. of
Naples, ix. 79.
- ISLANDS, Pacific Ocean, v. 125;
xvi. 256; xvni. 128.
MANUSCRIPTS, xvni. 160.
CAROLINGIANS, French kings, ix. 530.
CARON, Pierre Augustin (Beaumar-
chais), French dramatist, in. 467; IX.
666.
CARONI, affluent of Orinoco river, South
America, xvn. 844.
CARONIUM (Coriuma), ancient town,
Spain, vi. 443.
CARORA, town, Venezuela, v. 126.
CAROSOMO, Benedetto, senator, medi
eval Rome, xx. 795.
CAROUGE, town, Switzerland, v. 126.
CARP, fish, xn. 692; xix. 127; xxin.
173; angling for, n. 43.
CARPAL BONES, Anatomy of, i. 827.
CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS, v. 126; in.
115; xn. 361; xxin. 521.
CARPATHUS, island, Asia Minor, v. 127.
CARPEAUX, J. B., French sculptor, xxi.
564.
CARPEL, in plants, iv. 141; xx. 424.
CARPELLINI, C. F., Sienese librarian,
xxn. 43.
CARPENTARIA, Gulf of, Australia, v.
127; in. 107; xx. 171.
CARPENTER, Naval, duties of, xvn. 293.
, W. B., on vertical oceanic circula
tion, in. 22, 24.
CARPENTERIANA, ana of Charpeutier, i.
785-
CARPENTRAS, town, France, v. 127;
xxiv. 114.
C A R — C A R
83
CARPENTRY, in building, iv. 476.
CARPET, v. 127; East Indian, xu. 762;
Kidderminster, XIV. 68; Oriental,
xxni. 21 1 ; Persian, xvm. 626; Tur
kish, n. 708.
CARPHOLITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
CARPHOSIDERITE, mineral, xvi. 401
CARPI, town, Italy, v. 131.
, Girolamo da, Italian painter, v.
131-
, Ugo da, Italian painter, v. 131.
CARPINI, Joannes de Piano, mediaeval
traveller, v. 132; x. 178; xv. 474; his
account of Cathay, v. 628.
CARPINUS, genus of trees, XII. 168.
CARPOCRATES, Gnostic, v. 132; x. 703.
CARPOSPORE^E, class of plants, in. 693.
CARPUS, Anatomy of the, I. 827; in
mammals, xv. 359.
CARPZOV, family of distinguished Ger
mans, v. 133.
CARQUINEZ STRAITS, California, U.S.A.,
xxi. 262.
CARR, Robert, earl of Somerset, xxn.
• 260.
CARRAGEEN, Irish moss, kind of sea
weed, xin. 276; I. 508.
CARRANCHA, Patagon^m bird, xvm.
353-
CARRANZA, Bartoleme de, Spanish theo
logian, v. 133.
CARRARA, town, Italy, v. 133.
MARBLE, xv. 528.
MOUNTAINS, Italy, xin. 438.
CARRATRACA, Baths of, Spain, xv. 315.
CARREL, Armand, French publicist, v.
134-
CARRELS, in architecture, n. 461.
CARRH^E (Haran), Mesopotamia, xi. 454;
battle of (53 B.C.), xvm. 597; xx.
766, 774.
CARRIACOU, island, West Indies, xi.
184.
CARRIAGE, v. 134.
, Gun, XI. 310.
, Eailway, xx. 247.
HORSE, xii. 191.
CARRICK, district, Ayrshire, Scotland,
in. 163.
, Earl of (Henry de Percy), xvm.
522.
, Earl of (Robert The Bruce), xvm.
522; XX. 592.
CARRICKFERGUS, town, Ireland, v. 137.
CARRICKMACROSS, town, Ireland, xvi.
718.
CARRICK-ON-SHANNON, town, Ireland,
xiv. 433.
CARRICK-ON-SUIR, town, Ireland, v.
138; xxni. 406.
CARRIER, conveyer of goods, v. 138.
— , Jean Baptiste, French Revolu
tionist, v. 139.
— PIGEON, vn. 379; xm. 159; postal,
xix. 581.
CARRINGTON, R. C., his observations
on sun-spots, II. 784, 786; his obser
vatory at Redhill, England, XVII.
711.
CARRION-CROW, bird, vi. 618.
CARROCCIO, Lombard war-carriage, Xin.
470.
CARRON, town, Scotland, v. 139; river,
xxii. 553.
CARRONADE, gun, n. 557; xi. 306.
CARROT, vegetable, i. 369; xii. 280.
CARSE, alluvial plain, in Scotland, xxi.
524; of Gowrie, Perthshire, xvm.
666; of Stirling, XXII. 553.
CARSON, river and lake, Nevada,
U.S.A., xvii. 367.
— CITY, Nevada, U.S.A., xvn.
368.
CARSTARES, William, Scottish divine,
v. 139; xxi. 518.
CART, White and Black, rivers, Scot
land, xx. 395.
CARTAGENA, town, Colombia, South
America, v. 140; attack on, by Vernon,
(1740), xxiv. 170.
, town, Spain, v. 140.
, Alphonso de, Spanish historian, I.
619.
CARTAGO, town, Colombia, South
America, v. 141.
, town, Costa- Rica, Central America,
v. 141.
CARTAPHILUS, the Wandering Jew,
xm. 673.
CARTE, Thomas, English historian, v.
141.
CARTER, Elizabeth, English writer, v.
141.
— , Isaac, pianoforte maker, xix.
76.
, John, his illustrations of British
architecture, n. 445.
CARTERET, Sir George, grantee of New
Jersey, U.S.A., xvn. 398.
, John, Earl Granville, statesman,
xi. 52.
, Philip, governor of New Jersey,
U.S.A., xvii. 398.
CARTESIANISM, v. 142; vn. 115; vi.
250; xvi. 91; in relation to logic,
Xiv. 792; theism of, xxni. 244. See
also Descartes.
CARTESIAN PHILOSOPHY, opposed by
Condillac, vi. 250.
CARTHAGE, ancient town, Africa, v. 160;
xxiii. 620; coins of, xvn. 651; col
onization of, x. 175; commerce, vi.
199; language, xxi. 646; probably
the Elishah of Scripture, xm. 593; its
connexion with Phoenicia, xvm. 806;
its invasion of Sicily, xxii. 18; its
rivalry with Rome, xx. 746, 751, 767,
781; under Hannibal, XI. 441; its
ascendency over Spain, XXII. 305; its
power destroyed by Scipio Africanus,
XXI. 467; wars with Masinissa, XV.
608; in time of St Augustine, in. 75;
conquest of, by the Vandals, xxiv. 58;
Turner's pictures of, xxni. 666.
CARTHAGENA, town, Colombia, South
America, v. 140.
, town, Spain, v. 140.
CARTHAMINE, dye, xxi. 145.
CARTHAMUS, genus of plants, xxi. 145;
xxni. 307.
CART-HORSE, xn. 192; breeding and
rearing of, I. 385.
CARTHUSIAN ABBEYS, i. 20.
CARTHUSIANS, order of monks, v. 163;
xvi. 708.
C ARTIER, Jacques, French explorer, v.
165; x. 183; xvi. 795.
CARTILAGE, in anatomy, i. 851; xxii.
109.
CARTOGRAPHY, map-making, xv. 515;
x. 191; ancient, XX. 91, 94.
CARTOMANCY, divining by playing-
cards, vii. 293.
CARTON PIERRE, paper pulp for mould
ings, xvm. 228.
CARTOON, in painting, v. 165.
CARTRIDGE PAPERS, Sizes of, xvm.
226.
CARTRIDGES, i. 744.
CARTWRIGHT, Edmund, inventor of
power-loom, v. 166; VI. 500.
— , Major John, parliamentary re
former, v. 1 66.
— , Thomas, Puritan divine, v. 166;
xix. 685.
-, William, English poet and dra
matist, v. 167; vn. 433.
CARUCCI, Jacopo (Pontormo), Italian
painter, XIX. 458.
CARUPANO, town, Venezuela, v. 167;
xxiv. 140.
CARUS, Karl Gustav, German physio
logist, v. 167.
CARVAHAL, Tonias Jose Gonsalez, Span
ish poet, v. 167.
CARVALHO E MELLO, Sebastian Jose de,
Marquis de Pombal, Portuguese states
man, xix. 441.
CARVED WORK, for houses, iv. 508.
CARVIN, town, France, v. 167; xvm.
340.
CARVING, in ivory, v. 167; Japanese,
xin. 591; in wood, v. 168; XXIV.
644.
— AND GILDING, v. 169.
CARWAR, town, India, xiv. 7.
GARY, Henry Francis, translator of
Dante, v. 170.
— , Sir Lucius, Viscount Falkland, v.
170.
CARYA, genus of trees, xi. 790.
CARYATIC ORDER, in architecture, n.
407.
CARYATIDES, in architecture, n. 357,
407, 461.
CARYL, Joseph, Nonconformist divine,
v. 171.
CARYOCATACTES, genus of birds, xvn.
665.
CARYOPHYLL^EID^E, family of tape
worms, xxni. 54.
84
C A R — C A S
CARYOTA, genus of palms, xvm. 190.
CASA, Giovanni della, Italian poet, v.
171.
, Jose Iglesias de la, Spanish writer,
xxii. 361.
CASABA, town, Asia Minor, v. 181.
CASA BLANCA, town, Morocco, xvi. 83 1 .
CASA CALENDA, town, Italy, v. 171.
CASALE, town, Italy, v. 171.
CASALMAGGIORE, town, Italy, v. 171.
CASALPUSTERLENGO, town, Italy, v.
171.
CASAMICCIOLO, spa, Ischia, Italy, xm.
385-
CASANATENSE LIBRARY, Eome, xiv.
529, 548.
CASANOVA DE SEINGALT, Venetian ad
venturer, v. 171.
CASAS, Bartolome de las, apostle of the
Indies, XIV. 319; xxii. 138.
GRANDES, town, Mexico, v. 172.
CASAUBON, Isaac, Huguenot scholar, v.
172.
CASAUBONIANA, ana of Casaubon, i.
785.
CASEIN, or Kasbiu, town, Persia, v. 174;
XVIIL 627, 628.
CASCADE, Electric, vin. 35.
- MOUNTAINS, U.S.A., xxm. 800;
xxiv. 385.
CASCAROBA, bird, xxn. 732.
CASCIANO DEI BAGNI, town, Italy, v.
i75-
CASCO, mulatto, xvn. 319.
CASE, Trespass on the, in law, xxm.
454, 552-
CASE-HARDENING, in iron manufac
ture, xm. 342.
CASEIN, essential constituent of cheese,
iv. 591; v. 455; vi. 771; in milk, xvi.
303-
CASEMENT, in architecture, II. 461 ;
French, IV. 494.
CASERTA, town, Italy, v. 175.
CASE SHOT, i. 745.
CASES OF CONSCIENCE, v. 203.
CASH, Chinese money, xvn. 66 1.
CASHAN, or Kashan, town, Persia, v.
175; xvm. 626.
CASH-BOOK, in book-keeping, iv. 46.
CASH CREDITS, in Scottish banks, in.
334-
CASHEL, town, Ireland, v. 175; xxm.
406; architecture of chapel at, n. 429;
synod of (1172), Xin. 259.
— , Bock of, v. 175; xxm. 406.
CASHEW NUT, v. 175; xvn. 664; oil
from, xvn. 744.
CASHGAR (Kashgar), town, Turkestan,
XIV. 7; XXIII. 639.
CASHMERE (Kashmir), state, Asia, xiv.
9; xi. 823.
— GOAT, x. 709.
— SHAWLS, xxi. 781.
CASIMIR I., king of Poland, xix. 286.
- II., of Poland, xix. 287.
• III., the Great, of Poland, xix. 288.
CASIMIR IV., of Poland, xix. 289.
— , John, German Presbyterian, XIX.
697.
CASINO, or Cassino, Monte, Italy, Bene
dictine monastery of, xvi. 778, 703;
in. 557; library and archivio, xiv.
53i, 548.
CASIQUIARE, branch of Orinoco river,
South America, xvn. 843.
CASIRI, Michael, librarian of the Escorial,
v. 176.
CASIUS, Mons, Syria, xxn. 821.
CASK-MAKING, vi. 338.
CASLAU, town, Bohemia, vi. 754.
CASLUHIM, of Scripture (Gen. x. 14),
xvin. 757.
CASMEN/E, Syracusan settlement, Sicily,
xxn. 814.
CASORIA, town, Italy, v. 176.
CASPARI, C. P., Norwegian theologian,
xvn. 592.
CASPE, town, Spain, v. 176.
CASPIAN SEA, v. 176; xiv. 217; level
of, as compared with Oxus and Sea of
Aral, xvin. 104; Rubruquis's descrip
tion of, XXI. 47; seal fisheries of, XXI.
582.
CASQUE, helmet, XL 637.
CASQUETS, rocks, Channel Islands, I.
474-
CASS, Lewis, American statesman, v. 181;
xxm. 768.
CASSABA, town, Asia Minor, v. 181.
CASSANA, Niccolo, Italian painter, v.
182.
CASSANDER, king of Macedonia, v. 182;
xv. 142.
, George, Flemish theologian, V.
182.
CASSANDRA, in Greek legend, v. 182.
— , Lycophron's poem, xv. 94.
CASSANO, town, Italy, v. 182.
CASSAVA, farinaceous plant, v. 182; n.
631; xxm. 56.
CASSEGRAIN, N., his telescope, xxm.
137, 145-
CASSEL, town, France, v. 183.
, town, Germany, v. 182; picture
gallery of, xxi. 445.
— , Hesse, state, Germany, XI. 779.
- YELLOW, pigment, xiv. 379.
CASSIA, genus of plants, xxi. 664.
— BARK, v. 184.
CASSIANUS, Joannes Eremita, monk, V.
184; xvin. 472; on monachism, xvi.
702.
CASSINI, family of French astronomers,
v. 184.
, Giovanni Domenico, astronomer,
v. 184; n. 755; his telescopic dis
coveries, xxm. 136; his geodetic
measurements, vil. 597.
CASSINO, Monte, Italy, Benedictine
monastery of, xvi. 778, 703; ill. 557;
library and archivio, xiv. 531, 548.
CASSIODORUS, or Cassiodorius, Magnus
Aurelius, Bonian historian, v. 185;
xxn. 238; on Boetius, in. 856; his
History of the Goths, Xin. 748.
CASSIS, town, France, v. 185.
CASSITERIDES, tin islands, off Cornwall,
xvin. 806.
CASSITERITE, mineral, xvi. 387; xxm.
400.
CASSIUS, Avidius, Eoman general, xvin.
604.
LONGINUS, Cains, assassin of
Julius Caesar, v. 185; iv. 639; associa
tions of the name, xiv. 864.
CASSIVELLAUNUS, British chief, iv. 352,
637-
CASSOON, or Casson, in architecture, n.
461.
CASSOVA, or Kosova, Battles of (1389,
1448), i. 781, 782; xxi. 689.
CASSOVIA (Kaschau), town, Hungary,
xiv. 7.
CASSOWARY, bird, v. 185; vin. 171.
CASSYTHA, parasitic plant, xvin. 265.
CAST, of gypsum, xi. 353.
CASTAGNA, Giovanni Battista (Pope
Urban VIL), xxiv. 9.
CASTAGNO, Andrea del, Italian painter,
v. 1 86.
CASTALIA, fountain, Delphi, Greece, v.
186; vn. 52.
CASTAMON (Kastamuni), town, Asia
Minor, Xiv. 14.
CASTANOS, Francisco Xavier de, Spanish
general, v. 186.
CASTE, social distinction, v. 186; in
Ceylon, V. 367; in India, IV. 204; xn.
745, 781.
CASTEL, suburb of Mainz, Germany, XV.
305-
, Jean du, French poet, v. 704.
, Louis Bertraiid, French mathe
matician, v. 192.
CASTEL-A-MARE, town, Italy, v. 193;
xvn. 187.
, town, Sicily, v. 193.
CASTELAR, Emilio, Spanish statesman,
xxn. 346.
CASTELEYN, Matthijs de, Dutch writer,
xn. 92.
CASTELL, Edmund, English Orientalist,
v. 193.
CASTELLAMARE, town, Italy, v. 193;
xvn. 187.
CASTELLANE, Frangoise de, Marquise de
Mirabeau, XVI. 493.
CASTELLANS, Polish senators, xix. 288.
CASTELLI, Benedetto, Italian mathe
matician, x. 32; on the motion of
fluids, xn. 435.
, Ignaz Friedrich, Austrian dramatist,
V. 193.
CASTELLO, Bernardo, Italian painter,
v. 193.
, Giovanni Battista, Italian painter,
v. 193.
, Guido di (Pope Celestine II.), v.
-, Valerio, Italian painter, v. 193.
C A S — C A T
85
CASTELLO GIUBILEO, town, Italy, ix.
141.
CASTELLON DE LA PLANA, town, Spain,
v. 193; province, XX 1 1. 298.
CASTEL MELHOR, Count of, Portuguese
statesman, xix. 549
CASTELNAU, Michel de, French chroni
cler, v. 194; XVIIL 291.
CASTELNAUDARY, town, France, v.
194.
CASTELO BRANCO, town, Portugal, v.
194.
CASTEL SARRASIN, town, France, v.
i93-
CASTEL VETRANO, town, Sicily, v.
193-
CASTERLY, Wilts, England, British re
mains at, xxiv. 594.
CASTES, of India, iv. 204; xn. 745, 781.
CASTI, Giovanni Battista, Italian poet,
v. 195.
CASTIGLIONE, Duke of (Augereau),
French general, ill. 71.
, Baldassare, Italian writer and dip
lomatist, v. 195; xili. 510; his Cor-
tigiano, VII. 672.
, Carlo Ottavio, Count, Italian
philologist, v. 195.
— , Giovanni Benedetto, Italian painter,
V. 195.
— DELLE STIVIERE, town, Italy, v.
195.
CASTIGLIONI, Francesco Xaviero (Pope
Pius VIII.), xix. 156.
— , Godfrey (Pope Celestine IV.), v.
291.
CASTIGNEAU, arsenal, Toulon, France,
xxiii. 483.
CASTILE, Kingdom of, Spain, v. 196;
xxii. 312, 315, 318, 326; XVIIL 450;
language of, xxii. 349, 352.
— , New, province, Spain, v. 196; xxii.
298.
, Old, province, Spain, v. 196; xxii.
298.
CASTILHO, A. F. de, Portuguese poet,
xix. 557.
CASTILIAN LANGUAGE, xxii. 349, 352.
CASTI LLA, Ramon, president, Peru,
xvm. 678.
CASTILLEJO, Cristobal de, Spanish poet,
v. 196; xxii. 357.
CASTILLEJOS, Marquis de los (Prim),
Spanish statesman, xix. 732.
CASTILLO, Juan del, Spanish painter,
xvii. 55.
CASTILLOA ELASTIC A, india-rubber
plant, xil. 837.
CASTING, Metal, ix. 479; xvi. 72.
CAST IRON, XIIL 281, 318.
CASTLE, v. 197.
— ACRE ABBEY, Norfolk, England,
i. 15.
CASTLEBAR, town, Ireland, v. 199; xv.
650.
CASTLEBLAYNEY, town, Ireland, xvi.
718.
CASTLE-DOUGLAS, town, Scotland, xiv.
98.
CASTLE GARDEN, New York, immigrant
depot, VIIL 175; xvn. 462.
CASTLE HOWARD, Yorkshire, Van-
brugh's design, xxiv. 55.
CASTLE OF INDOLENCE, Thomson's
poem, xxin. 311.
CASTLE OF OTRANTO, Walpole's ro
mance, xxiv. 334.
CASTLE PILGRIM, Acre, fortress of the
Templars, xxin. 162.
CASTLE RACKRENT, Miss Edgeworth's
novel, vn. 654.
CASTLEREA, town, Ireland, xx. 850.
CASTLEREAGH, Viscount, second marquis
of Londonderry, xiv. 853; VIIL 365.
CASTLETOWN, town, Isle of Man, v. 199;
xv. 453.
CASTOR, mineral, xvi. 416.
— , Roman station, England, xvii.
557-
, Temple of, at Rome, xx. Si 8.
AND POLLUX, in Greek mythology,
v. 199; electric glow, xiv. 633.
CASTORID^E, family of rodent mam
mals, xv. 416, 418.
CASTOR OIL, v. 200; xvn. 744.
CASTRATION, vin. 667; of horses, i. 386;
of sheep, I. 395.
CASTREN, Matthias Alexander, Russian
philologist, v. 200.
CASTRENSIS, Paulus, Italian jurist, v.
201.
CASTRES, town, France, v. 201.
CASTRIES, town, St Lucia, West Indies,
XXL 1 86.
CASTRIOTA, George (Scanderbeg), Al
banian prince, xxi. 365; I. 447; xxin.
642.
CASTRO, town, Italy, v. 201.
-, Guillen de, Spanish dramatist, v.
202; vn. 421; xxii. 358.
— , Inez de, wife of Pedro I. of Portu
gal, v. 202; xix. 543.
— , Jouo de, viceroy of Portuguese
Indies, V. 203.
-, Vaca de, governor of Peru, xvm.
677-
CASTROCARO, Italy, mineral water of,
xvi. 434.
CASTRO DEL Rio, town, Spain, v. 201.
CASTROGIOVANNI, town, Sicily, v. 201;
xxn. 31.
CASTRO Nuovo, town, Sicily, v. 201.
CASTRO REALE, town, Sicily, v. 201.
CASTRO URDIALES, town, Spain, v.
201; xxi. 297.
CASTROVILLARI, town, Italy, v. 203.
CASTRUCCIO CASTRACANI, Ghibelline
chief, v. 203; Xili. 477; XIX. 121.
CAST STEEL, xni. 341.
CASTULO, ancient village, Spain, xiv.
653.
CASUENTUS (Basiento), river, Lucania,
Italy, xv. 37.
CASUISTRY, v. 203; Escobar's, vin. 539;
ethics of, Vlll. 595; Jesuit teachings
on, xili. 650; as developed in Liguor-
ianism, xiv. 634.
CASWALL, Henry, American divine, v.
205.
CAT, v. 205; xv. 434; Egyptian, vn.
712; Manx, xv. 452; Persian, xvm.
625; skins of, IX. 838.
CATABAPTISTS, Christian sect, in. 353.
CATACECAUMENE, plateau, Asia Minor,
xv. 99.
CATACOMBS, V. 206; mural paintings in,
xvii. 43.
CATADIOPTRIC LIGHTS, for lighthouses,
xiv. 620.
CATALAN FORGE, ix. 840; xni. 290,
335-
CATALAN GRAND COMPANY, adven
turers, ix. 330.
CATALAN LANGUAGE, xxn. 347.
CATALAN LITERATURE, xxn. 362.
CATALEPSY, nervous affection, v. 216.
CATALOGUES OF BOOKS, in. 659; xiv.
537, 539-
CATALONIA, province, Spain, v. 217;
xxn. 298, 322; counts of, xxn. 311.
CATALPA, ornamental tree, n. 321.
CATAMARCA, town, Argentine Republic,
v. 217.
CATAMENIA, xx. 408.
CATANA (Catania), ancient town, Sicily,
v. 218.
CATANIA, town, Sicily, v. 218; xxn. 31.
CATANZARO, town, Italy, v. 218; pro
vince, iv. 651.
CATAONIA, table-land, Asia Minor, v.
75-
CATAPAN, Saracen ruler in Italy, xni.
468.
CATAPLEITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
CATAPULTA, ancient military engine, v.
218.
CATARACT, disease of the eye, xvn.
782.
CATARRACTES, river, Asia Minor, XVIIL
206.
CATARRH, disease, v. 218; xvin. 377,
403; epidemic, Xin. 73; of the
stomach, xxn. 574.
CATARRHAL PNEUMONIA, xix. 250.
CATAWBAS, North-American tribe, v.
219; i. 690.
CATAWBA WINE, v. 219; xxiv. 611.
CATBALONGAN,town, Philippine Islands,
xvin. 752.
CAT-BIRD, xvi. 541.
CATCH, in music, x. 677; xvn. 82.
CATCHMENT BASIN, of rivers, xn. 502.
CATCHWORDS, in MSS., xvin. 144.
CATEAU CAMBRESIS, town, France, v.
219; treaty of (1559), IX. 559; xni.
483; xvin. 744.
CATECHISM, v. 219; of Church of Eng
land, vin. 379.
CATECHISMS, as creeds, vi. 564.
CATECHU, drug and dyestutf, v. 220;
in. 617.
86
C A T — C A U
CATECHUMEN, candidate for baptism,
v. 220.
CATEGORIES, in logic and philosophy,
v. 221; of Aristotle, II. 514; Gilbert de
laPorree on the, x. 5925 Kant on the,
xill. 852; real, in psychology, XX. 79.
CATENAE, hermeueutical epitomes, xi.
746.
CATENARY, or Chain, Equilibrium of,
in mechanics, xv. 738; v. 68.
CATENOID, Stability of the, v. 68.
CATERPILLAR, larva stage of butterfly,
iv. 593; silkworm, xxn. 57; ravages
of, in Natal, xvn. 241; destroyed by
wasps, xxiv. 393.
CATESBY, Mark, on birds, xvm. 5.
, Robert, conspirator in Gunpowder
Plot, IX. 57.
CAT-FISHES, xn. 692; xxn. 68.
CATGUT, string, v. 226.
CATH^EANS, tribe, India, xvi. 789.
CATHARI, mediaeval sect, xvm. 354,
434; xx. 321; xxiv. 322.
CATHARTID^E, family of birds, xxiv.
301.
CATHARUS, genus of birds, xxm. 322.
CATHAY, China as known to mediaeval
Europe, v. 627, 629.
CATHCART, Sir George, British general,
v. 226.
CATHEDRAL, principal church of a
diocese, v. 226; office of dean in, vu.
14.
MUSIC, English, XXIII. 33.
CATHERINE, Saints, v. 229.
, St, of Siena, v. 229; XIII. 505 ;
XXII. 43; stigmatization of, XXII. 549.
I., empress of Russia, v. 232; XXI.
98.
— II., empress of Russia, v. 233; xxi.
99; her favour for Potemkin, xix. 598.
of Aragon, wife of Henry VIII. of
England, v. 236; XI. 662; divorce of,
viii. 334.
of Braganza, wife of Charles II. of
England, v. 237; xix. 548.
— of Valois, wife of Henry V. of Eng
land, v. 237.
— , Mount, Sinai, Arabia, xxn. 88.
HOWARD, wife of Henry VIII.
of England, vm. 337.
DE' MEDICI, wife of Henry II. of
France, v. 235; XL 670; xv. 787; her
influence on France, IX. 556.
PARR, wife of Henry VIII. of
England, vui. 337.
WHEEL, in pyrotechny, XX. 136.
CATHERWOOD, F., on ancient American
monuments, II. 450.
CATHETUS, in architecture, II. 461.
CATHKIN PEAK, mountain, Cape Colony,
v. 41.
CATHOLIC, designation of the Christian
Church, v. 237; XV. 482; first use of
the name, v. 9.
APOSTOLIC CHURCH, v. 237; Henry
Drurnmond's connexion with, VII. 480.
CATHOLIC CHURCH, Roman, xx. 628.
CATHOLIC DISABILITIES, in Ireland,
xiii. 266, 269.
CATHOLIC EMANCIPATION, Ireland,
Xin. 271; Castlereagh's advocacy of,
xiv. 853; O'ConneU's contention for,
xvil. 721; carried on motion of Sir R.
Peel, xvm. 455; Wellington's part in,
xxiv. 498.
CATHOLIC LEAGUE, in France (i57i),ix.
562; xvin. 745.
CATHOLIC LEAGUE, in Germany (1608),
x. 500.
CATHOLICS, German, dissentients from
Church of Rome, X. 444.
, Old, religious party, XVII. 754.
CATHOLIC SOCIALISM, xxn. 215.
CATILINA, Lucius Sergius, Roman con
spirator, v. 238 ; xx. 764 ; Sallust's
History of his Conspiracy, xxi. 219.
CATILINE, Jonson's tragedy, xin. 744.
CATINAT, Nicolas, French general, ix.
579, 581.
CAT ISLAND, Bahamas, in. 237.
CATLIN, George, writer on the American
Indians, v. 239.
CATMANDOO (Khatmandu), capital of
Nepal, xiv. 59.
CATMOSS, valley, Rutland, England,
xxi. 114.
CATO, Addison's tragedy, I. 147, 149.
, Dionysius, Roman moralist, v.
241.
, M. Porcius, the Elder, Roman
censor, v. 239; in Spain, xxn. 306;
as economist, XIX. 350; as historian,
xiv. 729; on surgery, xxil. 674; his
language, Xiv. 332; his place in
Roman literature, xx. 717.
-, M. Porcius, Uticensis, v. 240.
CATOBLEPAS, genus of ruminant mam
mals, x. 705.
CATONIUS, Nikolaus, Swedish dramatist,
XXIL 754.
CATOPTRIC ILLUMINATION, of light
houses, xiv. 6 1 8.
CATO STREET CONSPIRACY (1820),
London, xxm. 307.
CATRAIL, British remains, Scotland,
xxi. 34, 638.
CATRIA, Monte, mountain, Italy, xin.
437-
CATS, Jacob, Dutch poet, v. 241; xn. 95.
CATS-EYE, variety of quartz, xvi. 389.
CATSKILL MOUNTAINS, United States,
v. 242; xvn. 450; xxm. 793.
CATSUP, or Ketchup, sauce, xiv. 54.
CATT, Christopher, London club-house
keeper, xiv. 103.
C ATTACK, district, India, v. 242; town,
v. 244.
CATTARO, town, Austria, v. 244.
CATTEGAT, strait, North Sea, xvn. 563;
xxii. 737.
CATTERMOLE, George, English painter,
v. 244.
CATTI, ancient Germanic people, v. 244.
CATTIMANDOO, juice-yielding tree, xi.
339-
CATTLE, v. 244; xv. 432; breeding of,
I. 387; diseases of, xvn. 57; xxiv.
204, 205 ; Podoliau, xill. 45 1 ; wild, of
Chillingham Park, England, xvil. 566;
of Hamilton Park, Scotland, xi. 411.
- FOODS, Adulterations of, i. 174;
apparatus for cooking, I. 327.
- PLAGUE, i. 304; v. 589; xvn. 59.
— QUARANTINE, xx. 158.
SHOWS, their influences, I. 390.
— SPOIL OF COOLY, ancient Irish
tale, v. 310.
CATTOLICA, town, Sicily, v. 247.
CATULLIACUM (St Denis), ancient town,
France, xxi. 161.
CATULLUS, C. Valerius, Latin poet, v.
247; his language and style, xiv. 334;
his place in Roman literature, xx. 721.
CATULUS, C. Lutatius, Roman general,
xx. 747.
CAUB, Johann Wonnecke von, on birds,
xvm. 3.
CAUCA, river, Colombia, South America,
VI. 153.
CAUCASIA, government, Russia, v. 251.
CAUCASIAN GATES, mountain pass, v.
255.
CAUCASIAN LANGUAGES, xvin. 780.
CAUCASIAN RACE, of mankind, n. 113;
x. 433-
CAUCASUS, chain of mountains, v. 251;
xxm. 513.
CAUCHY, Augustin L., his demonstra
tions in algebraical equations, I. 515;
vni. 502.
CAUCUS, convention to select candidates,
in United States, xxm. 764.
CAUDETE, town, Spain, v. 259.
CAUDINE FORKS, Italian valley, v. 259;
battle of (321 B.C.), xx. 742.
CAUDLE'S CURTAIN LECTURES, Doug
las Jerrold's work, xill. 633.
CAULIFLOWER, vegetable, iv. 618; xn.
281.
CAULKING, of ships, xxi. 820.
CAURA, territory, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
CAURALE, bird, xxn. 652.
CAUSALITY, psychological analysis and
origin of the conception, xx. 82 ;
Locke's analysis, xiv. 760; as a logical
category, v. 224; xiv. 789; principle
of, in theistic argument, xxm. 248.
CAUSATION, Divine, theory of, in
Arabian philosophy, u. 266; I. 510.
CAUSERIES DU LUNDI, Sainte-Beuve's,
xxi. 164.
CAUSID^E, family of snakes, xxii. 193,
197.
GAUSSES, limestone plateaus, France,
xv. 8, 31.
CAUSTIC, of light, xiv. 589.
- POTASH, xix. 589.
— SODA, xxn. 241.
CAUTERETS, France, mineral water of,
xvi. 435; xx. 127.
C A U — C E L
87
CAUTIOUSNESS, in phrenology, xvm.
845-
CAUVERV, river, India, xiv. 19; xv.
184; xvii. 123; xxin. 47.
CAVA, or La Cava, town, Italy, v. 259;
library of, XIV. 530, 548.
CAVAIGNAC, Louis Eugene, French
general, v. 259; I. 568; ix. 622.
CAVAILLON, town, France, v. 260;
xxiv. 114.
CAVALCANTI, Guido, Italian poet, v.
260; xin. 502.
CAVALIER, bird, xix. 228.
, Jean, chief of the Carnisards,
France, V. 260; IV. 744.
-, Memoirs of a, by Defoe, VII. 28.
CAVALIERI, Bonaventura, on the geo
metry of indivisibles, xin. 5.
, Emilio del, Italian musician, xvii.
85, 86.
CAVALIERS, or Royalists, in England,
vin. 348.
CAVALLINI, Pietro, Italian painter, v.
261.
CAVALLO, town, Turkey, xiv. 18.
, Tiberius, Italian electrician, v.
261; his electroscope, Vlil. 118.
CAVALRY, v. 261 ; Austrian, n. 605 ;
British, II. 578; Prussian, II. 596;
tactical management of, XXIV. 358 ;
horses for, XII. 191.
CAVAN, county, Ireland, v. 263; popula
tion and representation, xxill. 727;
town, v. 264.
CAVANILLES, Antonio Jose, Spanish
botanist, v. 265.
CAVCIC, Vetranic, Ragusan dramatist,
xxi. 690.
CAVE, or Cavern, v. 265; x. 271, 320,
369; at Adelsberg, I. 1 5 1 ; in Hungary,
XII. 362 ; Luray, Virginia, U.S.A., xv.
67; Mammoth, in Kentucky, U.S.A.,
xv. 448.
, Edward, English publisher and
editor, V. 271; XVIII. 537.
-, William, English theologian, v. 27 1 .
CAVE A, in the amphitheatre, I. 775.
CAVEAU, Society of the, in France, VI.
141.
CAVEDONE, Jacopo, Italian painter, v.
271.
CAVE-DWELLERS, Ancient, n. 336; v.
267; xxni. 583.
CAVENDISH, Henry, English chemist
and physicist, V. 271; his chemical
discoveries, v. 462; his experiments
on the density of the earth, II. 793;
his electrical experiments, vin. 8.
— , Thomas, English navigator, v. 272;
x. 185.
— , William, first duke of Devonshire,
vn. 143.
-, AVilliam, first duke of Newcastle,
xvii. 380.
, Sir William, English courtier, v.
273-
EXPERIMENT, n. 793; v. 272.
CAVERN, or Cave (q.v.), v. 265.
CAVES, v. 265; bone, with fossil remains,
x. 320. See Cave.
CAVIARE, preserved roe of sturgeon,
xxii. 612.
CAVICORNIA, hollow-horned ruminant
mammals, II. 100. Compare xv. 431.
CAVIL, F., English swimmer, xxn. 771.
CAVITE, town, Philippine Islands, v.
273; xv. 487.
CAVOLINI, Felippo, Italian naturalist,
xxiv. 806.
CAVOLINIA, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 666.
CAVORE, or Cavour, town, Italy, v. 273.
CAVOUR, Count, Italian statesman, v.
273; XIIL 487, 489.
CAVY, rodent mammal, v. 277; xv. 421.
CAWDOR CASTLE, Nairn, Scotland, xvii.
167.
CAWNPUR, or Cawnpore, district and
town, India, v. 277; massacre at town
(1857), xii. 810.
CAWOOD CASTLE, Yorkshire, England,
xxiv. 749.
CAXAMARCA, town, Peru, v. 279; xvm.
675-
CAXATAMBO, town, Peru, v. 279.
CAXTON, spa, Canada, xvi. 436.
•, William, first English printer, v.
279; xxill. 694; books printed by,
vni. 413; English language in his time,
vin. 398.
CAXTONS, The, Lytton's novel, xv. 123.
CAYAMBI, mountain, Ecuador, vn. 644.
CAYENNE, town, French Guiana, v. 280;
XL 254.
PEPPER, v. 280.
CAYEUX, district, Somme, France, xxii.
261.
CAYLEY, Arthur, English mathematician,
I. 516; on geometrical measurement,
xv. 665.
— , Sir George, his air-engine, I. 428;
his Hying model, IX. 320.
CAYLUS, Comte de, French artist and
writer, v. 281; his encaustic process,
Vin. 186.
CAYMAN, South-American alligator, vi.
594-
CAYMANAS, islands, West Indies, xin.
548.
CAYOR, kingdom and lake, Senegal,
Africa, XX I. 660.
CAYSTER, river, Asia Minor, n. 708.
CAYUGA, lake, New York, U.S.A., xvii.
451.
CAZALLA DE LA SIERRA, town, Spain,
v. 281.
CAZEMBE, chief and his territory, Africa,
v. 281.
CAZLONA, mining village, Spain, Xiv.
653-
CAZORLA, town, Spain, v. 281.
CAZOTTE, Jacques, French writer, v. 281.
CEADWALLA, British king, xvii. 569.
CEARA, town, Brazil, v. 282.
CEAWLIN, early English king, vm. 271.
CEBES, of Thebes, Greek philosopher,
v. 282.
CEBID^E, family of apes, n. 152; xv.
444-
CEBU, island, Philippines, v. 282; xvm.
752; town, v. 282; xvm. 750, 752.
CEBUS, genus of apes, II. 153.
CECCHI, Giovan Maria, Italian writer,
xni. 510.
CECCO D'ASCOLI, Francesco degli Stabili,
Italian encyclopaedist and poet, v. 282.
CECH, Svatopluk, Bohemian poet, xxii.
152.
CECIDOMYIA, genus of insects, XL 781;
xxiv. 535.
CECIL, Robert, earl of Salisbury, lord
high treasurer of England, v. 282.
, William, Lord Burghley, minister
of Queen Elizabeth, v. 283.
CECILIA, St, v. 284.
— , Madame D'Arblay's story, vi. 822.
- METELLA, Tomb of, at Rome, n.
419.
CECROPS, king of Attica, v. 285.
CEDAR, tree, v. 285; culture of, n. 319;
of Lebanon, xiv. 392 ; red, or Ameri
can, Xlll. 774; white, in United States,
xxill. 809; wood of, for carving, xxiv.
645-
CEDAR-BIRD, xxiv. 461.
CEDASPE, Pablo do (Cespedes), Spanish
painter and poet, v. 357.
CEDERBORGH, Frederik, Swedish novel
ist, xxn. 757.
CEDO FEITA, chapel at Oporto, xvii.
795-
CEDRON, brook, Jerusalem, xin. 636.
CEELY, Robert, his experiments in
vaccination, xxiv. 24.
CEFALONIA (Cephalonia), island, Greece,
v. 343; xni. 205.
CEFALU, town, Sicily, v. 286.
CEHEGIN, town, Spain, v. 286.
CEILING, in architecture, n. 462 ; iv.
454-
CELADONITE, mineral, xvi. 415.
CELADON WARE, pottery, xix. 622.
CELAKOVSKY, Franz L., Bohemian poet,
xxii. 152.
CELAN, fish, xix. 90.
CELANDINE, plant, xx. 273.
CELANO, town and lake, Italy, v. 286;
xni. 440.
CELEBES, island, Indian Archipelago,
v. 287; II. 687; birds of, ill. 739.
CELER, Quintus Crccilius Metellus,
Roman general, xvi. 106.
CELEREN (Celan), fish, xix. 90.
CELERIAC, vegetable, xn. 281.
CELERY, vegetable, v. 290; xn. 281.
CELESTINA, musical instrument, xix.
72.
— , La, F. de Rojas's novel, xxn. 356.
CELESTINE, mineral, xvi. 400.
— I., pope, v. 291; xix. 491.
1 1. -IV., popes, v. 291.
V., pope, v. 291; XIX. 501.
C E L — C E K
CELESTINES, order of monks, v. 291.
CELETRUM (Kastoria), ancient town,
Macedonia, xiv. 14.
CELIBACY, v. 292; in early Church of
England, vm. 371.
CELL, in biology, xn. 5; in. 682; evolu
tion from the, vm. 746; in human
anatomy, I. 843; vegetable, XII. 10,
12; iv. 83; xix. 44; xx. 425, 427;
of spermatozoa, XX. 411; of Fungi,
IX. 827; in Protozoa, XIX. 832; of
sponges, xxn. 420. See also Cell
Theory below.
— , in architecture, II. 462.
— , in honeycomb, in. 490.
, Monastic, I. 10, 22.
CELLE, town, Prussia, xxiv. 775.
CELLINI, Benvenuto, Italian sculptor
and metal-worker, v. 294; XIX. 183;
xxi. 569.
CELL THEORY, in biology, xxi. 460;
xxiv. 8 1 6; in relation to protoplasm,
Xix. 828; to embryology, xxiv. 810;
to morphology, xvi. 840; to physio
logy, XIX. II.
CELLULOID, substitute for ivory, xin.
524.
CELSIUS, Anders, Swedish astronomer,
v. 294; his thermometric scale, XXlii.
289.
, Olaf, Swedish theologian, xiv.
CELSUS, anti-Christian writer, v. 295;
xin. 658; Origen's answer to, XVII.
841.
— , A. Cornelius, Roman Avriter on
medicine, XV. 803; on anatomy, I.
802; on surgery, XXII. 674.
CELTIBERI, early Spanish tribes, xn.
604; xxn. 305.
CELTIBERIA, ancient division of Spain,
v. 297.
CELTIC ACADEMY, at Paris, i. 77.
CELTIC CHURCH, in Scotland, xxi.
475, 481.
CELTIC LANGUAGES, xvin. 785 ; dic
tionaries of, vn. 1 88; Gaelic, x. 6.
CELTIC LITERATURE, v. 297; xx. 642;
Gaelic, x. 7.
CELTIC MONKS, xvi. 706.
CELTIS, genus of trees, xi. 360; xvn.
360.
CELTS, Race, language, and literature of
the, v. 297; x. 6; xxi. 473, 480; their
tribal system, v. 799; their attacks on
Rome, xx. 740, 743; of Britain, vin.
263; in central England, XXI. 739;
their first appearance in Ireland, xin.
244.
CEMENTATION PROCESS, in steel-mak
ing, xin. 339.
CEMENTS, v. 328; natural and artificial,
iv. 458, 459; hydraulic, xiv. 647;
Keene's, xi. 351; Parian, XI. 351;
Roman, XX. 808.
CEMENT STONES, nodules of clay iron
stone, xin. 287.
CEMETERY, CEMETERIES, v. 328 ; Eng
lish law in relation to, iv. 537; at
Paris, xvin. 284; in ancient Rome, v.
208.
CENCI, Beatrice, parricide, v. 332.
, Francesco, father of Beatrice Cenci,
v. 332-
, Giovanni, captain of the people,
Rome, xx. 802.
— , The, Shelley's drama, XXI. 793.
CENDAL, silk stuff, xxm. 210.
CENEDA, district, Italy, v. 333.
CENIS, Mont, Cottian Alps, pass across,
I. 624; tunnel through, xxm. 624.
CENNICK, John, English hymn-writer,
xn. 594.
CENOMANI, Gallic tribe, Italy, xin.
446.
CENSOR, Roman magistrate, v. 334; xx.
738.
CENSORSHIP, of books, iv. 39; of the
press, xix. 710.
CENSUS, enumeration of people, v. 334;
of United States, xxm. 818.
, register, in Roman law, xx. 676.
CENTAURS, in Greek mythology, v.
340; xiv. 300; xxm. 295.
CENTETID^E, family of insectivorous
mammals, xv. 404.
CENTIGRADE THERMOMETRIC SCALE,
xxm. 289.
CENTILOGIUM THEOLOGICUM, Occam's
work, xvn. 718.
CENTIMETRE - GRAMME - SECOND
(C.G.S.) SYSTEM, of measurement,
xv. 668.
CENTIPEDES, insects, v. 340; xvn. 115.
CENTLIVRE, Susanna, British dramatist,
v. 341.
CENT NOUVELLES NOUVELLES, early
French tales, IX. 649.
CENTO, composition made up of extracts,
v. 341.
, town, Italy, v. 341.
— NOVELLE ANTICHE, Italian stories,
xin. 501.
CENTORBI, town, Sicily, v. 341.
CENTRAL AMERICA, v. 341; birds of,
111.748; climate, I. 68 1 ; ancient civili
zation in, xvi. 213; ancient monu
ments in, n. 450; xxiv. 758.
CENTRAL INDIA POLITICAL AGENCY,
v. 341.
CENTRAL PARK, New York city, xvn.
466.
CENTRAL PROVINCES, India, v. 342.
CENTRE OF GRAVITY, in mechanics,
xi. 69; xv. 729.
CENTRE OF MASS, in mechanics, xv.
699.
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE, in mechanics,
xv. 682.
CENTRIPETAL FORCE, in mechanics,
xv. 682.
CENTROLITE, mineral, xvi. 411.
CENTROPHORUS, genus of sharks, xxi.
778.
CENTUMVIRAL COURT, in Roman law,
xx. 678.
CENTUMVIRI, Roman judges, v. 343.
CENTURIA, in the Roman army, xx.
735-
CENTURION, Roman military officer,
v- 343-
CENTURIPE (Centorbi), town, Sicily, v.
34i-
CEOLFRID, abbot of Jarrow, England,
in. 481.
CEOLWULF, king of Northumbria, Eng
land, xvn. 570.
CEORL, Saxon freeman, vin. 274; x\ in.
302.
CEOS, island, Greece, v. 343.
CEPEDA, Teresa de (St Theresa), Spanish
saint, xxm. 281.
CEPHAELIS IPECACUANHA, species of
plants, xin. 210.
CEPHALAS, Constantinus, compiler of
Greek Anthology, n. 103.
CEPHALLENIA (Cephalonia), island,
Greece, V. 343 ; xin. 205 ; coins of,
xvn. 643.
CEPHALOBRANCHS, group of Annelida,
n. 66.
CEPHALOCHORDA, branch of Vertebrata,
xxiv. 184, 812.
CEPHALODISCUS, genus of Polyzoa, xix.
434, 435-
CEPHALONIA, island, Greece, v. 343;
xin. 205.
CEPHALOPODA, class of Mollusca, vi.
735; xvi. 664; skeletal structure of,
xxn. 106; parasites of, xvin. 259;
in" Lankester's classification, xxiv.
813.
CEPHALOTES, genus of bats, xv. 410.
CEPHALOTHRIX, genus of nemertine
worms, XVII. 326.
CEPHALOTUS FOLLICULARIS, insecti
vorous plant, xin. 139.
CEPHALUS, of Greek mythology, xxm.
4i3-
— , father of the orator Lysias, xv.
117.
CEPHAS (Simon Peter), the apostle,
XVIII. 693.
CEPHISODOTUS, Athenian sculptor, II.
365.
CEPHISSUS, river, Greece, in. 60; xi.
82.
CEPHUS PYGM^US, wheat pest, xxiv.
536.
CERAM, island, Indian Archipelago, V.
344-
CERAMICUS, part of ancient Athens, in.
^>
CERAMIC WARE, or Pottery, xix. 600;
in Italy, Xin. 454; Japanese, xin.
590.
CERARGYRITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
CERASUS, genus of plants, xiv. 348.
— , town, Asia Minor, XIX. 459.
CERATODUS, genus of fishes, xiv.
C E R — C H A
89
CERATONIA, genus of trees, xiv. 767.
CERATONOTA, suborder of Mollusca, xvi.
656.
CERATOSA, order of sponges, xxn. 423.
CERBALL, king of Ossoiy, Ireland, xm.
252.
CERBERUS, in Greek mythology, v.
345-
CERCAMON, Provencal poet, xix. 874.
CERCIS, genus of trees, xm. 761.
CERCOPITHECUS, genus of apes, n. 151.
See also xv. 444.
CERCOSPORA VITIS, vine-fungus, xxiv.
240.
CERDAGNE, district, Eoussillon, France,
xxi. 28.
CERDO, Syrian Gnostic v. 345; xv.
534-
CERDONIANS, Gnostic sect, v. 345.
CEREALIN, in chemistry, in. 254.
CEREBELLUM, xix. 38; anatomy of, i.
871.
CEREBRATION, Unconscious, xxn. 406.
CEREBRATULUS, genus of nemertine
worms, xvil. 326.
CEREBRUM, xix. 38 ; anatomy of, i.
872.
CEREDO, Torre de, mountain, Spain,
xxn. 294.
CERES, in Roman mythology (the Greek
Demeter), v. 345; xiv. 508; mysteries
in honour of, vm. 126.
— , asteroid, II. 806.
CERESIN, mineral wax, xvin. 113.
CERESIO, Lago (Lake of Lugano), Switz
erland and Italy, xv. 60.
C£RET, town, France, xx. 128.
CEREUS, group of Cactacese, iv. 625.
CERIGNOLA, town, Italy, v. 345.
CERIGO, island, Greece, v. 346; xm.
205.
CERIGOTTO, island, Greece, v. 346.
CERINE, mineral, xvi. 409, 410.
CERINTHUS, early heretic, v. 346; x.
702.
, in Tibullus's poems, xxm. 349.
CERISOLLES, Italy, Battle of (1544), ix.
557-
CERITE, mineral, xvi. 410; xiv. 291.
CERIUM, chemical element, v. 542; xiv.
291; spectrum of, xxn. 376.
CEROXYLON, genus of palms, xvin.
191.
CERRETO, town, Italy, v. 347.
CERRO DE PASCO, town, Peru, v. 347;
xvm. 675.
CERRO HERMOSO, mountain, Ecuador,
vii. 645.
CERTALDO, town, Italy, v. 347.
CERTHIA, genus of birds, xxm. 534.
CERTHILAUDA, genus of birds, xiv.
3i5-
CERTHIOLA, genus of birds, xxn. 628.
CERTIORARI, in law, xxiv. 696.
CERTOSA, Carthusian monastery, I. 20 ;
v. 163; of Pavia, xvin. 438; xxi. 569;
xxm. 194.
CERUSITE, or Cerussite, lead ore, xiv.
3755 xvi. 398.
CERVANTES-SAAVEDRA, Miguel de,
author of Don Quixote, V. 347; XXII.
356; birthplace of, I. 458; his influence
on Spanish drama, VII. 420; as pastoral
poet, xvm. 346; as satirist, xxi. 319;
his praise of Amaclis of Gaul, I. 650.
CERVANTITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
CERVELA, musical instrument, xvil.
705.
CERVETRI, town, Italy, iv. 632; Etruscan
tombs at, 1 1. 414; v. 216.
CERVIA, town, Italy, v. 356.
CERVID^E, family of ungulate mammals,
vii. 23; xv. 432.
CERVINI, Marcellus (Pope Marcellus II.),
xv. 533.
CERVULUS, genus of deer, XVIL 32.
CERYLE, genus of birds, xiv. 82.
CESALPINO, Andrea, Italian naturalist,
iv. 633; xxiv. 95. See Crcsalpinus.
CESAREWICH, Russian title, xix. 738.
CESARI, Antonio, Italian writer, xm.
514.
, Giuseppe, Italian painter, v. 356.
CESAROTTI Melchiore, Italian poet, v.
356.
CESENA, town, Italy, v. 357.
CESI, Federigo, Italian natural philo
sopher, I. 70.
CESPEDES, Andres Garcia de, Spanish
geographer, xvil. 253.
, Pablo de, Spanish painter and
poet, v. 357.
CESS, origin of the term, v. 334.
CESSPOOLS, iv, 468.
CESTODA, group of worms, xxm. 49;
their relation to Trematoda, XXI II
540; parasitic forms, xvm. 259; xxiv
205.
CESTOIDEA, in Lankester's classification,
xxiv. 813.
CESTOIDS, parasitic forms, xvm. 259;
xxiv. 205.
CESTONA, Spain, mineral water of, xvi.
434-
CESTRACION, genus of sharks, xxi.
775-
CESTRUS, river, Asia Minor, n. 708;
xix. 130.
CESTUI QUE TRUST, in law, xxm. 597.
CETACEA, order of Mammalia, v. 357;
xv. 391; xxiv. 523; skeleton of, xxn.
108; mammary glands of, xvi. 302;
olfactory organs of, xxn. 167; sense
of touch in, XXIII. 479; distribution
of, vii. 280, 346.
CETINA, Gutierre de, Spanish soldier
and poet, v. 357.
CETSHWAYO, or Cetywayo, king of the
Zulus, xvil. 242; xxiv. 829.
CETTE, town, France, v. 358.
CETTI, F., Italian naturalist, on birds,
xvm. 9.
CETTINJE, or Cettinye, town, Monte
negro, v. 358; xvi. 780.
CETYWAYO, king of the Zulus, xvn.
242; xxiv. 829.
CEUTA, town, Morocco, v. 358 ; xvi.
830.
CEVA, town, Italy, v. 358.
CEVENNES, mountains, France, v. 358;
IX. 506; Camisards of the, IV. 743.
CEYLON, v. 359; n. 685; birds of, in.
763; xvm. 1 6; cinnamon production,
V. 785; forests, IX. 405; Pali language,
xvm. 183; Paumben ship-canal, iv.
792; pearl fisheries, xvm. 446; rail
ways, XX. 252; ruby mines, xxi. 48;
Veddahs (primitive people), xxiv.
120; weights and measures, xxiv.
490.
CEYX, genus of birds, xiv. 82.
C.G.S. (Centimetre - Gramme - Second),
system of measurement, xv. 668.
CHABASITE, mineral, xvi. 421.
CHABLIS, town, France, v. 370.
, wine, xxiv. 606.
CHABORAS (Khabar), river, Mesopo
tamia, xvi. 47.
CHABOT, Gui, Baron de Jarnac, xm.
593-
CHABRIAS, Athenian general, v. 370;
xvin. 579.
CHAD, or Tchad (q.v.\ Lake, Soudan,
Africa, I. 255; xxn. 277.
- BASIN, Negroes of the, xvn. 319.
CHADERTON, Laurence, English Puritan
divine, v. 371.
CHOREAS AND CALLIRRHOE, Greek
romance, xx. 636.
CH/ERONEIA, or Chrcronea, ancient
town, Greece, v. 371; battle of (338
B.C.), i. 281, 480; xv. 139.
CH^ETODERMA, order of Mollusca, xvi.
641.
CH^TOGNATHA, group of marine worms,
xxi. 148; n. 52.
CH^TOMYS, genus of rodent mammals,
xix. 519.
CH/ETOPODA, group of worms, xxiv.
677; xvi. 652; spermatozoa of, xx.
411; parasites of, xvm. 259; in
Lankester's classification, xxiv. 813.
CH^TURA, genus of birds, xxn. 760.
CHAFF-CUTTER, agricultural imple
ment, i. 326.
CHAFFINCH, bird, v. 371.
CHAGHANSERAI, in Kafiristan, Afghan
istan, xm. 820.
CHAGOS, islands, Indian Ocean, xv.
642.
CHAGRES, town, Panama, v. 371.
CHAIBASA, town, India, xxn. 94.
CHAIN, Kinetics of a, xv. 741 ; statics
of, xv. 738.
— BALANCE, in. 261.
— CABLE, iv. 621; n. 4; xxi. 597.
- ISLAND, South Pacific, xxm.
602.
CHAIRS, furniture, ix. 849.
, Railway, xx. 241.
CHAJA, or Chaka, bird, xxi. 552.
XXV. — 12
90
C H A — C H A
CHAJ DOAB, district, Punjab, India,
xx. 107.
CHAKA, bird, xxi. 552.
CHAKHANSUR, district, Sistan, Persia,
XXII. 100.
CHAKHARS, Mongol tribe, xvi. 743.
CHAKIR BEG, Seljuk ruler, xxi. 634.
CHAKRATA, military station, India, vil.
33-
CHALA, town, Pern, xvm. 674.
CHALAMARI, town, India, v. 625.
CHALAN, lake, India, xx. 261.
CHALAROTHORACA, order of Protozoa,
xix. 845.
CHALCANTHITE, mineral, xvi. 401.
CHALCEDON, ancient town, Asia Minor,
v. 371; council of (451), ii. 548; XIIL
796; decrees of, XL 155.
CHALCEDONY, or Calcedony, mineral, I.
277; xvi. 389; xvii. 776; xxi. 310.
CHALCIDENE, Coins of, xvn. 649.
CHALCIDIAN ALPHABET, i. 610.
CHALCIDICE, district, Macedonia, xv.
137-
CHALCIS, town, Eubcea, Greece, vm.
649.
CHALCOCITE, copper ore, vi. 347.
CHALCOCONDYLES, Laonicus, Byzantine
historian, IV. 614.
CHALCOLITE, mineral, xvi. 407.
CHALCOMENITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
CHALCOPHANITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
CHALCOPSITTACUS, genus of birds, xv.
7-
CHALCOPYRITE, mineral, vi. 347; xvi.
393-
CHALCOSIDERITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
CHALCUAPA, town, San Salvador,
Central America, xxi. 268.
CHALDEA, or Chaldsca, ancient country,
Asia, III. 184; architectural remains of,
II. 398-
CHALDEANS, Astronomy of the, H. 744;
zodiac of, XXIV. 791; their invasion of
Judah, xill. 416; their contests with
the Phoenicians, xvm. 808.
, in the Roman Catholic Church,
xx. 631.
, Patriarch of the (Nestorian patri
arch), xvii. 358.
CHALDEE LANGUAGE, xxi. 647; n.
307; XI. 596; dictionaries of, vn. 189.
CHALDIRAN, Asia Minor, Battle of
(1514), xxiii. 643.
CHALDON, Surrey, England, mural
decorations of church, xvn. 46.
CHALEUR, Bay of, New Brunswick,
xvii. 373.
CHALICE, sacramental cup, xix. 185.
CHALICOTHERIID/E, fossil ungulate
mammals, xv. 429.
CHALK, v. 372; x. 358; as fertilizer, I.
35i-
CHALLENGER EXPEDITION (1872), in.
24; xvm. 115; xxin. 311.
CHALLES, Savoy, France, mineral water
of, xvi. 435; xxi. 332.
CHALLIS, James, on attraction, in. 64.
CHALLONER, Richard, English Roman
Catholic bishop, v. 372.
CHALMERS, Alexander, English writer,
v. 373-
, George, Scottish historiographer
and antiquary, v. 373.
, James, inventor of adhesive post
age stamp, xix. 585.
-, Thomas, Scottish divine, v. 374;
his influence in the Scottish Church,
xxi. 538.
CHALONER, Sir Thomas, English states
man and poet, V. 378.
CHALONITIS, Parthian kingdom, xvm.
592.
CHALONNAIS, district, France, xxi.
301.
CHALONS-SUR-MARNE, town, France,
v. 378; battle of (451), in. 62; xx.
781.
CHALON-SUR-SAONE, town, France, v.
378; xxi. 302.
CHALOSSE, La, district, Landes, France,
xiv. 272.
CHALOTAIS, Louis Rene de Caradeuc cle
la, French politician, xiv. 191.
CHALUKYAS, dynasty, Mysore, India,
xvn. 123.
CHALUMEAU, or Shawm, musical instru
ment, xvn. 707.
CHALUS, town, France, xxiv. 223.
CHALYBAUS, Heinrich Moritz, German
philosopher, V. 379.
CHALYBEATE WATERS, x. 270; xm.
360; xvi. 434.
CHALYBITE, mineral, x. 228; xvi. 397.
CHAMELEON, genus of lizards, v. 381;
xiv. 734, 737; skull of, xx. 451.
CHAM^EROPS, genus of palms, xvin.
189.
CHAMALHARI, mountain, Himalayas,
xxn. 51.
CHAMARS, race of people, India, in. 671;
xv. 303.
CHAMBA, state, India, v. 379.
CHAMBAL, river, India, xvn. 572; xx.
260.
CHAMBERLAIN, v. 379.
, Lord, of the royal household,
England, xxi. 37.
, Lord Great, XXII. 459.
CHAMBERLAINE, Frances (Mrs Sheri
dan), English novelist, XXI. 796.
CHAMBERLAIN LAKE, Maine, U.S.A.,
xv. 298.
CHAMBER Music, xvn. 88.
CHAMBERS, Ephraim, English encyclo
paedist, v. 380; his Cyclopaedia, vin.
196.
, George, English painter, v. 380.
, Robert, English writer and
publisher, V. 380.
, Sir William, English architect, n.
444.
CHAMBERSBURG, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., v. 381.
CHAMBERS OF RHETORIC, Dutch, xn.
91.
CHAMBERS'S CYCLOPAEDIA (1728), vin.
196.
CHAMBERS'S ENCYCLOPAEDIA (1860-
68), vin. 204.
CHAMBERS'S JOURNAL, v. 380.
CHAMBERY, town, France, v. 381; xxi.
332-
CHAMBESI, tributary of the Congo,
Africa, xxiv. 763.
CHAMBORD, chateau, Loire-et-Chcr,
France, v. 381.
, Henry, count of, French Legitimist,
IX. 620.
CHAMELEON, kind of lizard, v. 381;
X1V- 734, 7375 skull of, xx. 451;
Aristotle on, xx. 432.
CHAMFER, in architecture, n. 462.
CHAMFORT, Nicolas, French wit and
writer, V. 382; XI. 670.
CHAMISSO, Adalbert von, German
writer, v. 383; x. 542.
CHAMOIS, kind of antelope, V. 384 ;
I. 633; II. 102; XV. 432.
CHAMOISITE, mineral, xvi. 415.
CHAMOMILE, or Camomile, plant, xn.
289; flowers, v. 384.
CHAMOND, St, archbishop of Lyons,
xxi. 159.
CHAMOUNI, or Chamonix, village and
valley, Savoy, v. 385.
CHAMPAGNE, province, France, v. 385.
-, wine, xxiv. 603, 605 ; adulteration
of, I. 173.
, Philippe de, Flemish painter, v.
386.
CHAMPAGNE - POUILLEUSE, district,
France, xv. 561.
CHAMPAGNOLE, town, Switzerland, xin.
782.
CHAMPARAN, district, India, v. 386.
CHAMPAUBERT, France, Battle of (1814),
xvn. 221.
CHAMPEAUX, William of, scholastic
philosopher, v. 386; in. 602.
CHAMPFER, in architecture, 11. 462.
CHAMPFLEURY (Jules Fleury), French
writer, IX. 679.
CHAMPIER, Symphorien, French phy
sician, xv. 808.
CHAMPIGNON, fungus, xvn. 76.
CHAMPION, in judicial combat, xvn.
820.
-, Richard, English potter, xix. 642.
CHAMPIONS, squatters, xiv. 264.
CHAMPLAIN, Lake, New York and
Vermont, U.S.A., v. 387; xvn. 451;
xxiv. 1 66.
— , Samuel de, French explorer and
governor of Canada, v. 387; x. 187;
XVI. 795; XVII. 454; founder of
Quebec, xx. 167.
DEPOSITS, in geology, x. 370.
CHAMP-LEVE, enamelling process, vin.
184; xin. 679; Japanese work, xin.
591.
C H A — C H A
91
CHAMPMESL£, Mademoiselle de, French
actress, XX. 206.
CHAMPOLLION, Jean Frangois, French
Egyptologist, v. 387.
CHAMPOLLION-FlGEAC, Jean Jacques,
French scholar, v. 387.
CHANCAS, people of Peru, xvm. 676.
CHANCE, Mathematical theory of, xix.
768.
CHANCEL, in architecture, n. 462.
CHANCELLOR, v. 387.
, Lord High, of England, xxil. 458;
list of lord chancellors, vin. 368.
, Richard, English explorer, x. 183;
xix. 316; xxi. 92.
OF THE EXCHEQUER, England,
viii. 797; xvi. 474.
CHANCELLORS, Lives of the, Campbell's
work, iv. 759.
CHANCELLORSVILLE, U.S.A., Battle of
(1863), xxiii. 778.
CHANCERY, Court of, England, v. 389;
bill in, in. 674; guardianship of
infants by, xin. 2 ; records of, XX.
3ii-
CHANCES, Mathematical theory of, xix.
768; Demoivre's treatise on, VII. 60.
CHANCE'S GLASSES, optical, xvn. 801.
CHANCHAN, Peru, cyclopean wall at, II.
452.
CHANCROID, disease, XXIL 686.
CHANCTONBURY RING, hill, Sussex,
England, xxil. 723.
CHANDA, district and town, India, v.
390-
CHANDARNAGAR, or Chundernagore,
French settlement, India, v. 391.
CHAND BARDAI, Hindi writer, v. 758;
XL 841, 843.
CHANDIEU, Antoine, leader of French
Presbyterians, xix. 693.
CHANDLER, Richard, British anti
quary, v. 391.
, Samuel, English Presbyterian
divine, v. 391.
CHANDRA-BARDAI, or Chand, Hindi
writer, V. 758; XI. 841, 843.
CHANDRA GUPTA, Hindu king, xn.
787-
CHANDRAKONA, town, India, xvi. 284.
CHANG BHAKAR, state, India, v. 769.
CHANG-CHOW, town, China, v. 391,
673-
CHANGHWA, town, Formosa, China, ix.
417.
CHANG-KEA-KOW, town, China, xm.
828.
CHANG-LAM, road, Tibet, xxm. 342.
CHANGOS, Peruvian tribe, xvm. 676.
CHANG PIH SHAN, mountains, Man
churia, xv. 465.
CHANG-SHA Foo, town, China, v. 637.
CHANG-TANG, mountain region, Tibet,
xxin. 339, 341.
CHANGWE, province, Uganda, Africa,
xxin. 717.
CHANNEL ISLANDS, England, v. 391;
population, xxin. 727; newspapers,
XVII. 422; Alderney, I. 473; Guernsey,
XI. 247; Jersey, xm. 634.
CHANNING, William Ellery, American
theological writer, V. 393; I. 728; his
influence on Unitarianism, xxm. 726.
CHANSON DE ROLAND, early French
poem, ix. 637; xx. 626.
CHANSONS, early French poems, ix. 638.
— , in music, xvil. 84.
DE GESTE, narrative poems, ix.
637; xix. 875; xx. 642.
CHANT, Plain, in music, xix. 168.
CHANTABURI, town, Siam, xxi. 852.
CHANTAL, Baron de, father of Madame
de Sevigne, XXI. 703.
•, Madame de, Sainte de Monthelon,
IX. 696.
CHANTELOUP, Count of (J. A. Chaptal),
French chemist and statesman, v. 397;
I. 647.
CHANTIBAN, town, Siam, v. 395.
CHANTILLY, town, France, v. 395.
CHANTREY, Sir Francis, English sculp
tor, v. 395; xxi. 561.
CHANTRY, in architecture, n. 462.
CHAO, island, Peru, xvm. 671.
-, Santiago de, town, Peru, xvm.
674.
CHAONES, ancient Greek tribe, vin.
483-
CHAPALA, Lake, Mexico, xvi. 216.
CHAPAPOTE, Mexican asphalt, n. 715.
CHAP-BOOKS, xvm. 204.
CHAPEL, in architecture, II. 462.
CHAPELAIN, Jean, French poet, v. 396;
ix. 657; xx. 204.
CHAPEL-HILL, town, North Carolina,
U.S.A., v. 396.
CHAPELLE DE FER, helmet, XL 637.
CHAPLAINS, in British army, II. 584.
CHAPLET, Devotional, xx. 848.
CHAPLIN'S APPARATUS, for distilling
sea-water, vn. 264.
CHAPMAN, George, English poet and
dramatist, v. 396; VII. 432.
CHAPOO, or Chapu, town, China, v. 398.
CHAPPARAL-COCK, American bird, vi.
687.
CHAPPE, Claude, French engineer, v.
397-
CHAPPELL, William, Milton's tutor, xvi.
324-
CHAPTAL, Jean Antoine, French chemist
and statesman, V. 397; his methods of
extracting alum from clay, I. 647.
CHAPTER, of a cathedral, v. 398, 228;
vn. 14.
— HOUSE, in architecture, II. 462.
CHAPU, town, China, v. 398.
CHARACENE, kingdom, Mesopotamia,
xvi. 51; xvm. 590.
CHARACTER, physiognomic expression
of, xix. 3.
CHARACTERISTICS, Shaftesbury's work,
vni. 427; xxi. 732.
CHARACTERIZATION, Dramatic, vn. 394.
CHARADE, v. 398.
CHARADRIUS, genus of birds, xiv. 76;
xix. 227.
CHARA PUNJI, station, India, xiv. 58.
CHARAS, hemp-resin, XL 648.
CHARAXUS, brother of Sappho, xxi.
303-
CHARBON, disease of the lemon tree,
xiv. 437.
•, woolsorter's disease, xxiv. 663.
CHARBONNIERE, spa, France, xx. 529.
CHARCOAL, v. 398; its use for the blow
pipe, HI. 837 ; in nitration, IX. 167;
as an ingredient of gunpowder, xi.
319, 323; in iron-smelting, XIII. 292,
— FINERY, for cast-iron, xm. 319.
CHARD, town, England, v. 399; XXIL
258.
-, vegetable, xn. 280.
CHAR-DAGH, mountain, Turkey, in.
282.
CHARDIN, Sir John, traveller, v. 400.
CHARENTE, department, France, v. 400.
-, wine, xxiv. 606.
CHARENTE-lNFERlEURE, department,
France, v. 400.
CHARENTON-LE-PONT, town, France, v.
400.
CHARES of Lindus, Greek sculptor, vi.
166; xx. 526.
CHARGE D' AFFAIRES, i. 657 ; xm.
i93-
CHARGER, war-horse, xn. 191.
CHARIKAR, town, Afghanistan, i. 230.
CHARIOT, v. 401 ; racing, in ancient
games, X. 64.
CHARIS, in Greek mythology, XI. 26.
CHARISMATA, in the early church, xix.
675.
CHARITES, The, in Greek mythology, XL
26.
CHARITIES, English, v. 401.
CHARITON, of Aphrodisias, Greek
romancist, v. 402; xx. 636.
CHARIVARI, Le, French comic journal,
v. 105.
CHARLCOTE PARK, Warwickshire, Eng
land, xxi. 738, 753.
CHARLEMAGNE (Charles the Great),
emperor, V. 402; IX. 531; x. 478;
coronation of, vi. 429 ; the empire
he created, xx. 382; academy he
founded, I. 69; his friendship for
Alcuin, I. 472; his influence in
England, vin. 282; his conquests in
Italy, xm. 468; xiv. 816; xx. 786;
MSS. of his time, xvm. 160; treaty
with Nicephorus I., XVII. 481; pope-
dom in his time, xix. 495; his sub
jugation of the Saxons, xxi. 351; his
expedition to Spain, xx. 626, 778;
XXIL 310; his tomb, I. 432.
, Jean Armand, French dramatist, v.
404.
— AND HISTWELVE PEERS, romances,
xx. 649.
92
C H A — C H A
CHARLEMONT, citadel of Givet, France,
x. 626.
CHARLEROI, town, Belgium, v. 404.
CHARLES I., the Great, or Charlemagne
(c[.v-\ emperor, v. 402.
II., the Bald, emperor (I. of France),
v. 409; ix. 534; x. 480.
III., the Fat, emperor (II. of
France), v. 409; IX. 535; x. 481.
IV., emperor, v. 412; x. 494;
his interference with Sieiiese, xxil. 40.
— V., emperor (I. of Spain), v. 413;
X. 497; xin. 716; xxil. 328; his
attitude towards the Reformation, xv.
74; XX. 328; towards the council of
Trent, xxm. 546; his treatment of
Hernan Cortes, VI. 442; his relations
with Henry VIII. of England, XL
663; his rivalry with Francis I. of
France, IX. 556; as ruler of Holland,
xii. 73; his power in Italy, xm. 482;
his relations with Spain, xvni. 743.
— VI., emperor, ¥.418; x. 502.
- VII., emperor, v. 418; X. 503.
or Charles Louis, archduke
f
Austria, v. 423.
-, the Bold, duke of Burgundy, ¥.424;
IX. 552; his invasion of Switzerland,
XXIL 786.
— I., king of England, v. 404; vm.
345; parliament under, xvni. 307;
his policy in Ireland, xm. 266; in
Scotland, xxi. 511; his relations with
Buckingham, IV. 418 ; with Earl
Strafford, XXIL 584; xxiv. 17; defence
of, by Salmasius, XXL 220.
- II., of England, v. 408; vm. 348;
his relations with Monmouth, xvi.
755; with the Popish Plot, xvn. 697;
with Presbyterianism, xix. 690; his
rule in Ireland, xm. 267; his policy
in Scotland, xxi. 514.
I., the Bald, king of France (emperor
Charles II.), v. 409; ix. 534; x. 480.
II., the Fat, of France (emperor
Charles III.), v. 409 ; IX. 535 ; x.
481.
— III., the Simple, of France, v. 409,
ix. 535-
— IV., the Fair, of France, v. 409; IX.
545-
— V., the Wise, of France, v. 409; IX.
547-
- VI., of France, v. 410; ix. 548.
— VII., of France, v. 410; IX. 549.
-VIII., of France, v. 411; ix. 553;
in Italy, ix. 335; xin. 481.
- IX., of France, ¥.412; IX. 560.
— X., of France, v. 412; ix. 619.
(count of Anjou and Provence),
king of Naples, V. 422; his relations
with Pope Martin IV., xv. 582; as
senator of Rome, XX. 797; his rule in
Sicily, XXIL 27 ; as lord of Tuscany,
xin. 475.
II., the Bad, king of Navarre, v.
423; XXIL 324.
CHARLES III., of Navarre, XXIL 324.
— IV., of Navarre, v. 423; xxil. 324.
— (of Hohenzollern), king of Rou-
mania, xxi. 21.
- I.-III., dukes of Savoy, xxi. 341.
— I., king of Spain (emperor Charles
V., q.v.), v. 413; XXIL 328.
II., of Spain, v. 418; ix. 580; XXIL
333-
III., of Spain, v. 419; ix. 582;
336, 340.
- IV., of Spain, v. 419; XXIL 342.
— VIII., king of Sweden, xxil. 747.
- IX., of Sweden, v. 419; XXIL 748.
— X., of Sweden (Charles Gustavus),
v. 419; XXIL 749.
— XL, of Sweden, V. 420; XXIL 749.
XII., of Sweden, v. 420; XXIL
750; his conflict with Russia, xxi.
97 ; Voltaire's History of his Life,
xxiv. 292.
— XIII., of Sweden, v. 422; XXIL 752.
— XIV., of Sweden (Bernaclotte), ill.
601; xvii. 220; XXIL 752.
— XV., of Sweden, v. 422 ; xxil. 753.
— , duke of Guise, XL 267.
— , duke of Orleans (Charles d'
Orleans), early French writer, xvn.
851; IX. 647.
-, Jaccpaes A. C., French aeronaut, I.
1 88.
— , Thomas, Welsh Methodist preacher,
xvi. 193.
— ALBERT (of Savoy- Car ignano),
king of Sardinia, v. 425; xm. 486;
xxi. 342.
AUGUSTUS, grand-duke of Saxe-
Weimar, v. 425; xxi. 350.
- EDWARD STUART, prince, v. 426;
vm. 355; xxi. 526.
— EMMANUEL I., duke of Savoy, v.
427; xxi. 341.
— EMMANUEL II.-IV., of Savoy,
XXL 342.
- ET GEORGES, Affair of. Portugal,
xix. 553.
— ISLAND, Galapagos, Pacific, x. 17.
Louis MOUNTAINS, New Guinea,
xvii. 386.
M ARTEL, mayor of the palace,
France, v. 427; IX. 531.
— O'MALLEY, Lever's novel, xiv.
CHARLES'S LAW, of gases, xvi. 61 1 ; xix.
243; XXIL 479.
CHARLESTON, town, South Carolina,
U.S.A., v. 428; XXIL 288.
, town, West Virginia, U.S.A., xxiv.
519.
CHARLESTOWN, town, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., v. 429.
— , town, Nevis, West Indies, xvn.
369-
CHARLET, Nicolas Toussaint, French
painter, v. 429.
CHARLETON, Walter, on birds, xvni. 4.
CHARLEVILLE, town, France, v. 429.
CHARLEVOIX, Pierre Francois Xavier
de, French traveller, v. 429.
CHARLIER, John, of Gerson, chancellor
of Paris university, x. 549.
CHARLOTTE, town, North Carolina,
U.S.A., xvii. 561.
- AMALIE, town, St Thomas, West
Indies, xxi. 200.
CHARLOTTENBURG, town, Prussia, v.
429.
CHARLOTTESVILLE, town, Virginia,
U.S.A., v. 430.
, Canada, mineral water of, xvi. 436.
CHARLOTTETOWN, town, Prince Edward
Island, North America, v. 430; xix.
740.
CHARLOTTEVILLE, town, Dominica,
West Indies, VII. 354.
CHARLTON WHITE, pigment, xix. 86.
CHARMIDES, dialogue of Plato, xix. 196.
CHARMOISE, French breed of sheep, IV.
246.
CHARMS, Magical, xv. 202.
CHARNEL-HOUSE, in architecture, n.
462.
CHAROLLAIS, district, France, xxi. 301.
CHAROLLES, town, France, v. 430; xxi.
302.
CHARON, in Greek mythology, v. 430;
terra-cotta group, xxm. 192.
CHARONDAS, Greek lawgiver, v. 430.
CHARONNE, heights, Paris, xvni. 274.
CHARPENTIER, Frangois, French archaeo
logist, v. 430.
-, Jean de, on glaciers, x. 628.
CHARR, fish, xii. 693; xxi. 223, 225.
CHARRAN (Haran), of Scripture, XL 454.
CHARRIERE, Madame de, Swiss writer,
XXIL 799.
CHARRON, Pierre, French philosopher,
v. 430; IX. 655; on scepticism, xxi.
382.
CHARRUA, Indian tribe, South America,
xxiv. 1 6.
CHARSADDA, town, India, xvin. 684.
CHARTA BOMBYCINA, cotton paper,
XVIIL 217.
CHARTER, v. 431.
CHARTERGUS, genus of wasps, xxiv.
392-
CHARTER HOUSE, Carthusian monas
tery, I. 20; v. 163.
CHARTERHOUSE SCHOOL, London, xiv.
835-
CHARTERIS, Hi-iiry, early Scottish
printer, xxi. 541.
CHARTER-PARTY, shipping contract, v.
433-
CHARTERS, English, Early forms of, vn.
255.
CHARTER WRITING, xvni. 161.
CHARTIER, Alain, French writer, v. 433;
ix. 647.
CHARTISM, movement for political re
form, v. 433; VIII. 366; in relation
to socialism, xxil. 210.
CHARTRES, town, France, v. 434; cathe-
C H A — C H E
93
dral, architecture of, II. 430; sculptures
in cathedral, xxi. 562.
CHARTRES, Humanist school of, xxi.
421.
, William de, grand-master of the
Templars, XXIII. 162.
CHARTREUSE, liqueur, v. 435; xiv. 687.
, La Grande, monastery, France, v.
434, 163.
CHARTS, Marine, xvn. 263; xv. 518;
their early use in navigation, xvn.
253-
CHARVAKHAS, Hindu materialistic sect,
xxi. 291.
CHARYBDIS, whirlpool, xxiv. 541.
— , Scylla and, legend of, xxi. 574.
CHASE, The, hunting, XII. 393; Nor
man laws of, IX. 409.
, Salmon Portland, American states
man, v. 435; xxni. 770.
CHASIDIM (Asidseans), ancient Jewish
party, II. 729.
— , modern Jewish sect, xm.
68 1.
CHASING, ornamentation of metals, vin.
189.
CllASSERON, mountain, Switzerland,
xm. 781.
CHASTAIGNER, Louis de, patron of
Scaliger, xxi. 363.
CHASTELAIN, Georges, Burgundian
chronicler, v. 435.
CHASTELARD, Pierre Boscobel de,
French poet, v. 436; his relations
with Mary, queen of Scots, xv. 595.
CHASTENOY, France, Peace of (1576),
ix. 562.
CHASUBLE, ecclesiastical vestment, vi.
462.
CHAT, bird, xxiv. 537.
CHATEAU BARRIERE, ruin, Perigueux,
France, xvm. 534.
CHATEAUBRIAND, Frangois Rene, Vi-
comte de, French essayist, V. 436; ix.
672, 674.
CHATEAUBRIANT, town, France, v.
438-
CHATEAU - CHINON, town, Nievre,
France, XVII. 496.
CHATEAU D' OLERON, town, France,
xvii. 761.
CHATEAUDUN, town, France, v. 438.
CHATEAU-GONTIER, town, France, v.
438; XV. 648.
CHATEAUNEUF, spa, France, xx. 120.
CHATEAUROUX, town, France, v. 438.
CHATEAU-THIERRY, town, France, v.
439; battle of (1814), xvn. 221.
CHATELDON, France, mineral water of,
xvi. 436; xx. 120.
CHATELET, Madame du, Voltaire's asso
ciation with, xxiv. 287.
CHATELGUYON, spa, France, xx. 120.
CHATELLERAULT, town, France, v. 439;
xxiv. 222.
CHATER, river, England, xxi. 114.
CHATHAM, town, England, v. 439; dock
yard, vii. 311, 318; school of military
engineering, 1 1. 586.
CHATHAM, town, Ontario, Canada, xvn.
775-
, town, New Brunswick, xvn. 375.
First Earl of, (William Pitt), English
statesman, v. 440; vni. 356; x. 423;
xix. 134.
— ISLANDS, Pacific Ocean, v. 444;
xvn. 466.
ISLE, Galapagos, Pacific, x. 17.
CHATILLON, Gaultier de, author of the
romance Alexandreis, xx. 641.
CHATILLON-SUR-SEINE, town, France,
v. 444.
CHATISGARH (Chhatisgarh), district,
India, v. 608.
CHAT Moss, England, Reclamation of, I.
404; railway works at, xx. 233.
CHATSWORTH, seat of duke of Devon
shire, Derby, England, v. 445.
CHATTAHOOCHEE, river, Georgia, U.S.A.,
x. 434.
CHATTANOOGA, town, Tennessee, U.S.A.,
v. 445; xxni. 178.
CHATTERTON, Thomas, English poet, v.
445-
CHATTI, ancient German people, v. 244.
CHATURANGA, Hindu game, v. 598.
CHAUBISI, district, Nepal, xvn. 340.
CHAUCER, Geoffrey, English poet, v.
449; his connexion with London, XIV.
845; English language in time of, vin.
397 ; his place in English literature,
viii. 411.
CHAUCI, ancient German tribe, X. 473;
xm. 758.
CHAUDES-AIGUES, town, France, v.
454-
CHAUDET, Antoine, French sculptor,
xxi. 564.
CHAUDIERE, river and falls, Canada,
xvin. 68; xx. 165.
CHAUHANS, clan of Rajputs, India, xv.
303-
CHAULIAC, Guy de, French surgeon,
xxn. 675.
CHAUMONT, town, France, v. 45.;;
district, xv. 562.
CHAUNA, genus of birds, xxi. 552.
CHAUNCY, Charles, American Univer-
salist, xxin. 831.
CHAUNY, town, France, v. 454.
CHAUVIN, Etienne, French Reformed
divine, V. 454; his Lexicon Rationale,
vni. 194.
CHAUX DE FONDS, town, Switzerland,
v. 454; xvii. 361; xxn. 779.
CHAVES, town, Portugal, v. 454.
CRAY-ROOT, dye, xv. 177.
CHA-YUL, district, Tibet, xxni. 341.
CHAZELLES, Jean Matthieu de, French
mathematician, v. 454.
CHEATING, in law, ix. 726; xxni. 233.
CHECK, or Cheque, V. 583; III. 315.
CHECQUY, in heraldry, XL 698.
CHEDDAR CHEESE, v. 456; in. 163.
CHEDUBA, island, Bay of Bengal, v.
454-
CHEE, or Tshi, tribe and language, Gold
Coast, Africa, X. 756.
CHEEK, Anatomy of the, i. 825.
CHEER-PINE, tree, xix. 105.
CHEESE, v. 455; xvi. 304; Cheddar, v.
456; 111.163; Dunlop,in. 163; Glarus,
x. 636; Milanese, xvi. 292; Stilton,
xiv. 424; Italian varieties, XIII. 452;
Swiss, xxn. 779.
CHEESE-MAKING, in England, v. 589;
vi. 771.
CHEESE-MITE, xvi. 529.
CHEETAH, or Hunting Leopard, v. 456;
xii. 396; xiv. 463; xv. 435.
CHE-Foo, town, China, v. 455, 634.
CHEFREN, Chephren, or Khafra, Egyp
tian king, v. 582 ; vii. 733 ; pyramid
of, II. 386; xx. 123.
CHE HWANG-TE, emperor of China, v.
643-
CHEKE, Sir John, English scholar, v.
457-
CHE-KEANG, province, China, v. 636.
CHEKHS (Czechs, q.v.), Slav race, xxn.
145, 147.
CHELCICKY, Peter, leader of a Moravian
sect, xvi. Sii; xxn. 151.
CHELEBI, Ali and Katib, Ottoman
writers, xxni. 657.
CHELIDON, genus of birds, xv. 581.
CHELIDONIAN ISLANDS, Asia Minor,
xv. 93.
CHELIDOPTERA, genus of birds, xx. 101.
CHELLIA, Jebel, mountain, Numidia,
xvii. 628.
CHELMSFORD, town, England, v. 457.
CHELONIA, group of reptiles, xx. 440,
445; xxin. 455; in Lankester's classi
fication, xxiv. 812.
— , genus of reptiles, XXIII. 458.
CHELSEA, borough, London, v. 457;
xiv. 821; porcelain works at, xix.
640; Roval Military Asylum at, n.
586.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., v.
458.
CHELTENHAM, town, England, v. 458.
CHELYDlDiE, family of chelonian rep
tiles, xxni. 457.
CHELYDRID^E, family of chelonian
reptiles, xxin. 457.
CHELYS, Greek lyre, xv. 114.
— , genus of chelonian reptiles, XX.
452; xxni. 459.
CHEMICAL MEDICINE, Schools of, xv.
808, 8 10.
CHEMICALS, Magnetism of, xv. 264.
CHEMICKING, in bleaching, in. 817.
CHEMISTRY, v. 459 (index, 579); inor
ganic, V. 467; organic, v. 544; origin
of, in alchemy, I. 459; analysis and
synthesis in, I. 795; Dalton's atomic
theory, vi. 785 ; molecules in, XVI.
620 ; in relation to minerals, xvi.
379; to physiology, XIX. 9; to zoo-
94
C H E — C H I
logical study, XXIV. 815; of iron, XIII.
279; of lichens, xiv. 558; of rubies,
XXI. 48; thermometers used in, XXIII.
290; contributions to the science by
Gay Lussac, x. 122; by Liebig, xiv.
566; by Newton, xvn. 448; by
Priestley, xix. 732; by Regnault, XX.
347; by Ste-Claire Deville, XXI. 166;
by Scheele, XXI. 388; by Wohler,
xxiv. 626; by Wurtz, XXIV. 703;
societies for promotion of, xxil. 225.
CHEMMIS, ancient town, Egypt, vn.
794-
CHEMNITZ, town, Saxony, v. 580; xxi.
358.
, Martin, German Lutheran divine,
v. 580.
Philipp Bogislaw von, German
publicist, XX. 100.
CHEMOSH, god of the Moabites, xvi.
534-
CHEMY, or Alchemy, I. 459.
CHEN, genus of birds, x. 777.
CHENCHUS, tribe, Karnul, Indian Archi
pelago, xiv. 6.
CHENDWARA (Chhiiidwara), district and
town, India, v. 608.
CHENEDOLLE, C. J. Pioult de, French
poet, ix. 672.
CHENGHIZ KHAN (Jenghiz Khan), Mon
gol ruler, xm. 620; II. 699; XVI.
740.
CHENG-TE Fu (Jehol), town, China,
xm. 619.
CHENIER, Andre Marie de, French poet,
v. 581; ix. 665.
, Marie Joseph de, French poet and
dramatist, v. 581.
CHENOMORPH^E, group of birds, in.
712.
CHEOPS, Egyptian king, v. 582; vn.
732; pyramid of, XX. 123.
CHEPANGS, tribe, Nepal, xvn. 341.
CHEPHREN, or Khafra, Egyptian king,
v. 582; VII. 733; pyramid of, n. 386;
XX. 123.
CHEPING WALDEN (Saffron Walden),
town, England, xxi. 146.
CHEPSTOW, town, Monmouth, England,
v. 583; castle, xvi. 754.
CHEQUE, in banking, v. 583; in. 315.
CHER, department, France, v. 584;
river, Xiv. 806.
CHERAS, dynasty, Mysore, India, xvn.
123.
CHERASCO, town, Italy, v. 584.
CHERBOURG, town, France, v. 584;
xv. 459.
CHERBULIEZ, Swiss family of writers,
xxn. 799.
, Victor, Swiss novelist, xxn. 799.
CHERCHELL, town, North- West Africa,
xv. 637.
CHEREMISS, or Tcheremissian, Ural-
Altaic language, IX. 219; XXIV. I;
dictionary of, vn. 188.
CHERETHITES, of Scripture, xvin. 757.
CHERIBON, town, Java, v. 585; xm.
606; residency, xm. 606.
CHERKASSK, or Tcherkassk, district,
Russia, vn. 356; xvn. 609.
CHEROKEES, American-Indian tribe, v.
585; x. 437; xn. 828, 834.
CHEROOT, variety of cigar, v. 776;
xxin. 426.
CHERRA POONJEE, station, India, xiv.
58.
CHERRY, tree and fruit, v. 586; xn. 270.
CHERRY-KERNEL OIL, xvn. 744.
CHERRY-LAUREL, tree, xiv. 348.
CHERSO, island, Illyria, v. 586.
CHERSONESE, peninsula, v. 586.
— , Demosthenes's oration on the, vn.
-, Heracleotic, part of Crimea, xxi.
616.
, Tauric, Crimea, VI. 585; coins of,
xvn. 640.
CHERSONESUS, ancient town, Russia,
vi. 587; xxi. 616.
, Aurea, or Malay Peninsula, XV.
321.
CHERT, siliceous rock, x. 239; xvi.
389-
CHERTSEY, town, England, v. 586.
CHERUBIM, of Scripture, v. 587.
CHERUBINI, M. L. Z. C. Salvatore,
Italian musical composer, v. 587; as
symphonist, xvn. 97.
CHERUSCI, ancient German tribe, v.
588.
CHERWELL, river, England, xvn. 555;
XVIII. 93; XXIII. 220.
CHESAPEAKE BAY, Maryland, U.S.A.,
xv. 602.
CHESELDEN, William, English surgeon,
i. 815; xxiv. 189.
CHESHIRE, county, England, v. 588;
population and representation, xxin.
727; salt mines of, XXI. 231.
CHESIL, raised beach, Dorset, England,
vn. 371.
CHESNEY, Charles Cornwallis, English
military writer, v. 591.
CHESS, game, v. 592.
CHESS-PLAYING AUTOMATONS, xv.
210.
CHESSYLITE, mineral, vi. 347; xv. 315.
CHEST, Anatomy of the, I. 822; xx. 476;
inflammation of, xix. 222.
— , for clothes, in furniture, IX. 848.
CHESTER, or Cheshire (i-v.\ county,
England, v. 588.
, town, England, v. 604.
— , town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., v. 606.
CHESTERFIELD, town, England, v. 606.
— , Fourth Earl of, v. 606.
CHESTER-LE-STREET, town, England,
v. 608.
CHESTER PLAYS, English miracle-plays,
vn. 414.
CHESTNUT, tree and fruit, v. 608; xvn.
664; in United States, xxin. 808;
culture of, n. 317.
CHESUNCOOK, lake, Maine, U.S.A., xv.
298.
CHETA, district, ancient Syria, xxn.
822.
CHETHAM LIBRARY, Manchester, xv.
463-
CHETLAT, island, Laccadivcs, Indian
Ocean, xiv. 183.
CHETTLE, Henry, English poet, vi. 296.
CHEVALIER, Michel, French economist,
xix. 395.
— , Sulpice Guillaume, French cari
caturist, x. 1 1 8.
— , Sulpice Paul, French caricaturist,
v. 105.
DE ST GEORGE (James Stuart, the
Pretender), xin. 560.
CHEVAUX-DE-FRISE, in fortification, ix.
423-, .
CHEVE, Emile, French musician, xvn.
100.
CHEVETS, in architecture, n. 430.
CHEVIOT HILLS, Great Britain, v. 608;
xvn. 564; xxi. 34.
CHEVIOT SHEEP, i. 392.
CHEVR/EANA, ana of Chcvreau, i. 785.
CHEVRON, in heraldry, XL 694.
CHEVROTAIN, ungulate mammal, xv.
430.
CHEYENNE, town, Wyoming, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 713.
CHEYENNES, American-Indian tribe,
xn. 831,834.
CHEYLETID^E, family of Arachnida, xvi.
528.
CHEYNE, George, English physician, xv.
811.
CHEZY, Antoine Leonard, French Orien
talist, v. 608.
CHHAPRA, town, India, xxi. 304.
CHHATISGARH, district, India, v. 608.
CHHINDWARA, district and town, India,
v. 608.
CHHUIKHADAN, state, India, xx. 257.
CHIABRERA, Gabriello, Italian lyric
poet, v. 609; xin. 511.
CHIAMDO, town, Tibet, xxin. 342; river,
xxin. 339.
CHIAPAS, state, Mexico, xvi. 214.
CHIARAMONTE, town, Sicily, v. 609.
CHIARAMONTI, Gregorio Luigi Barnaba
(Pope Pius VII.), xix. 155.
CHIARI, town, Italy, v. 609.
CHIAROSCURO, in drawing, vn. 449.
CHIASTOLITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
CHIAVARI, town, Italy, v. 610.
CHIAVENNA, town, Italy, v. 610.
CHIAZZA, town, Sicily, xix. 79.
CHIBCHAS, Indians, Colombia, vi. 156.
CHICAGO, town, Illinois, U.S.A., v. 710;
xxi. 178; xxin. 822; libraries of,
xiv. 535, 550; newspapers, xvn. 435.
CHICARA, kind of antelope, n. 102.
CHICHELE, or Chichcly, Henry, arch
bishop of Canterbury, v. 613.
CHlCHEN-lTZA, ancient town, Yucatan,
I. 694; xxiv. 43, 759.
C H I — C H I
CHICHEREE, bird, xiv. 81.
CHICHESTER, town, England, v. 613;
XXII. 724; sculptures in cathedral,
xxi. 557.
CHICHIMECS, people, ancient Mexico,
xvi. 209.
CHICK, in various stages, n. 700.
CHICKAMAUGA, U.S.A., Battle of (1863),
xxiii. 778.
CHICKASAWS, American-Indian tribe, v.
614; xii. 828, 835.
CHICKERING, Jonas, pianoforte maker,
xix. 77.
CHICK-PEA, plant, xi. 36.
CHICLANA, town, Spain, v. 614.
CHICLAYO, town, Peru, xvm. 674.
CHICOPEE, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
v. 614.
CHICORY, plant, v. 614; culture of, I.
383; xii. 281; as forage, I. 378; root
mixed with coffee, I. 169; VI. 114.
CHICOVA, town, on Zambesi river,
Africa, xxiv. 765.
CHIEF, in heraldry, XI. 694.
— , of Scottish clans and Irish septs,
xxiii. 418.
JUSTICE, legal title, xm. 788.
CHIEFTAINSHIP, Celtic, v. 800.
CHIENG MAI, Shan state and town,
Eastern Asia, xxi. 773, 853.
CHIERI, town, Italy, v. 615.
CHIETI, town, Italy, v. 615.
CHIFFCHAFF, bird, xxiv. 688.
CHIGI, Agostino, Italian patron of art,
xx. 279.
, Fabio (Pope Alexander VII.), I.
490.
— FRESCOS, Raphael's, xx. 279.
CHIGNECTO BAY, New Brunswick, xvn.
373-
CHIGOE, insect, ix. 301; xm. 150.
CHIHIL MENARE, ruins of Persepolis,
Persia, xvm. 558.
CHIHIL SUTUN, palace, Ispahan, xm.
394-
CHIH-LI, province, China, v. 633.
CHIHUAHUA, town, Mexico, v. 615;
xvi. 214; province, XVI. 214.
— , town, Texas, U.S.A., xxi. 254.
CHILBLAIN, form of frost-bite, xvi.
849.
CHILD, its position in law, xm. i.
, Sir Josiah, English economist, XIX.
357-
, Lydia American authoress, I. 727.
CHILD-CROWING, false croup, vi. 617;
xxm. 320.
CHILDE HAROLD, Byron's poem, iv.
606.
CHILDERIC I., king of the Franks, x.
476.
CHILDERS, Robert Ceesar, English
Orientalist, v. 615.
CHILDHOOD, Period of, xv. 778.
CHILD MURDER, xm. 3.
CHILDREN, Diet for, vn. 201; law relat
ing to, xm. i.
CHILDRENITE, mineral, xvi. 407.
CHILDREN'S CRUSADE, vi. 627.
CHILE (Chili, q.v.), country, South
America, v. 616.
CHILENITE, mineral, xvi. 393.
CHILES, mountain, Ecuador, vn. 645.
CHILI, country, South America, V. 616;
i. 713; new northern boundary, xvm.
669; revolt against Spain, 1.709; Lord
Cochraiie's naval exploits in, VII. 540;
war with Peru (1879), XVIII. 679;
marine fishes of, xii. 68 1; forests, IX.
406; Indian tribes, xn. 829; news
papers, xvn. 437 ; observatory at
Santiago, xvn. 716; railways, xx. 252.
, vegetable, xii. 280.
CHILIANS, Ancient, I. 700.
CHILIANWALA, India, Battle of (1849),
v. 624; xn. 808.
CHILIASM, or Millenarianism, in Chris
tian eschatology, vm. 534; xvi. 315;
xvm. 427; xx. 497.
CHILLAN, town, Chili, v. 624; mineral
spring at, v. 617.
CHILLIANWALLA, town, India, v. 624;
battle of (1849), xii. 808.
CHILLICOTHE, town, Ohio, U.S.A., v.
624.
CHILLINGHAM PARK, Northumberland,
England, xvn. 566; wild cattle of, v.
245.
CHILLINGWORTH, William, English
divine, v. 624.
CHILLON, Castle of, Switzerland, xxiv.
115; Prisoner of (Bonuivard), IV. 36.
CHILLY, pickle, v. 280.
CHILMAREE, town, India, v. 625.
CHILOANGA, river, West Africa, xiv.
742.
CHILOE, island and province, Chili, v.
617, 625.
CHILOGNATHA, order of Myriapoda,
xvii. 1 1 8.
CHILON, Greek sage, v. 626.
CHILOPODA, order of Myriapoda, xvn.
119.
CHILOSCYLLIUM, genus of sharks, xxi.
774-
CHILOSCYPHUS, genus of liverworts,
xvii. 68.
CHILOSTOMA, suborder of Polyzoa, xix.
437-
CHILOSTOMELLIDEA, order of Protozoa,
xix. 847.
CHILTERN HILLS, England, v. 626;
xvm. 93.
CHILTERN HUNDREDS, Bucks, England,
IV. 416; stewardship of, v. 626.
CHILUNGA, district, West Africa, xiv.
742.
CHIM/ERA, in Greek mythology, v. 626;
xv. 94; in heraldry, xi. 701.
CHIMAY, town, Belgium, v. 626.
CHIMBORAZO, mountain, Ecuador, vn.
645.
CHIMBOTE, town, Peru, xvm. 674.
CHIME, of bells, in. 539.
CHIMNEY, in building, iv. 466; ventila
tion by, xxiv. 1 59.
CHIMPANZEE, ape, n. 149.
CHINA, v. 626 (index, 672); II. 684; in
Ptolemy's geography, xx. 95; early
history of, II. .117, 700; its conquests in
Turkestan, xxm. 639; invasion of, by
the Bactriaus, xvm. 590, 592, 599; by
Jenghiz Khan, xm. 621; conquest of
by the Mongols, xiv. 151; xvi. 742;
its rule in Tibet, xxm. 343; in time of
Marco Polo, xix. 406; architecture, II.
448; birds, in. 762; coalfields, VI. 59;
coins, xvn. 661; cotton supply, VI. 484;
emigration from, vm. 175; forests,
ix. 405 ; glass-making, x. 651 ;
libraries, xiv. 534, 549; Confucian
literature, vi. 263; mines, XVI. 469;
Christian missions, xvi. 517; Jesuit
missions, xm. 652; xx. 536; news
papers, xvii. 432; observatories, xvn.
716; opium cultivation and trade, xv 1 1 .
788, 791; pearl oysters, xvm. 448;
porcelain, xix. 633; railways, xx.
252 ; religion, XX. 363 ; ancient
religion, xxm. 236; Taoist religion,
Xiv. 296; Roman Catholic Church in,
xix. 810; silk industry in, xxu. 56;
tea culture, xxm. 98; weights and
measures, xxiv. 490; survey of, by
Jesuit missionaries, X. 188.
ASTER, plant, n. 736; xn. 249.
CHINAB, river, Punjab, India, xx. 107.
CHINA BLUE, for calico printing, iv.
690.
CHINA CLAY, xiv. i.
CHINA GRASS, xx. 506.
CHINA INK, xm. 80.
CHINALI MOUNTAINS, Texas, U.S.A.,
xxm. 204.
CHINANDEGA, town, Nicaragua, xvn.
477-
CHINA SEA, xvm. 116.
CHINCHA, town, Peru, xvm. 674.
ISLANDS, Peru, v. 673; xvm.
671; guano of, xi. 233.
CHINCHAY-COCHA, lake, Peru, xvm.
673-
CHINCHEW, town, China, v. 673.
CHINCHILLA, rodent mammal, v. 673;
iv. 13; xv. 420; skins of, IX. 838.
-, town, Spain, v. 673.
CHINCHON, Countess of, her connexion
with cinchona, v. 781.
CHINCHONA (Cinchona, g.v.), tree, v.
780; xvm. 673.
CHINCHU, town, China, v. 673.
CHIN-COUGH, or Hooping-Cough, xn.
154.
CHINESE, people of China, II. 697; their
relations to American Indians, XII.
823; compared to the Peruvians, I.
698; in California, iv. 706; their use
of explosives in war, 1 1. 655.
— ASTRONOMY, 11. 745.
— CHRONOLOGY, v. 717.
COOLIES, vi. 334.
96
C H I — C H 0
CHINESE DRAMA, vn. 400.
CHINESE HOG, i. 400.
CHINESE LANGUAGE, v. 653; xvni. 774;
alphabetisni of, I. 602 ; its relation to
Japanese, xni. 585; Julien's works on,
xill. 770; dictionaries, VII. igi.
CHINESE LITERATURE, v. 653.
CHINESE PINK, garden annual, xn. 249.
CHINESE TALLOW, vegetable fat, xvn.
744, 746.
CHING-HAI, or Chin-hae, town, China, v.
674; xvn. 513.
CHINGLEPUT, town, India, v. 674.
CHING-SZE, Jenghiz Khan (q.i\), xni.
620.
CHING-TOO Foo, town, China, v. 638.
CHIN-HAE, town, China, v. 674; xvn.
5i3-
CHIN-KEANG Foo, town, China, v.
674.
CHINNERETH, Sea of, or Sea of Galilee,
Palestine, x. 29.
CHINO, Negro and Indian half-caste,
XVII. 317.
CHINON, town, France, v. 674; peace of
(1214), xni. 714.
CHINSURAH, town, India, v. 674.
CHINTAMANI, Tamil poem, xxm. 43.
CHIOGGIA, town, Italy, v. 674; war of
(1379), xin. 480; xxiv. 144.
CHIOLITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
CHIONIS, genus of birds, xxi. 782.
CHIOS (Scio), Greek island, XXI. 465;
coins of, XVII. 647; school of sculpture
at, II. 349.
CHIOZZA (Chioggia), town, Italy, v. 674;
xxiv. 144.
CHIPLUN, town, India, xx. 292.
CHIPMUNK, American squirrel, xxn.
438.
CHIPPENHAM, town, England, v. 674;
xxiv. 594.
CHIPPEWAYS, American Indians, xn.
827, 831.
CHIPPING BARNET, town, England, in.
379-
CHIPPING WYCOMBE, toAvn, England,
xxiv. 712.
CHIPUTNETICOOK, lakes, New Bruns
wick, xvii. 373.
CHIQUITOS, American Indians, XII.
829.
CHIRA, town, Turkestan, xiv. 67.
CHIRIMOYA, Peruvian fruit, xvin. 673.
CHIRK. Wales, Aqueduct of, n. 229.
CHIROGALEUS, genus of lemurs, xiv.
442.
CHIROMACH^ERIS, genus of birds, xv.
455-
CHIROMANCY, palmistry, xv. 206; xix.
4-
CHIROMYS, genus of lemurs, xiv. 443.
CHIRON, in Greek mythology, v. 675.
CHIRONECTES, genus of marsupial
mammals, xvn. 796.
CHIROPTERA, order of Mammalia, xv.
405.
CHIROXIPHIA, genus of birds, xv. 455.
CHIRU, antelope, u. 102.
CHISEL, cutting tool, xi. 437.
CHISWICK, village, England, v. 675.
CHITARRONE, Roman lute, xv. 70.
CHITON, Greek article of dress, vi. 453.
CHITONS, order of Mollusca, xvi. 641.
CHITRAL, state and town, Hindu Kush,
Asia, XL 838; xiv. 9.
CHITTAGONG, district and town, India,
v. 675.
HILL TRACTS, district, India, v.
675-
CHIUS, or Chios (q.v.), island, II. 349.
CHIUSA, town, Italy, v. 676.
CHIUSHINGURA, Japanese tale, vn.
402.
CHIUSI, town, Italy, v. 676; vni. 635.
CHIVALRY, xiv. no; in England, vni.
299; in German literature, x. 523;
romances of, xx. 632; Spanish books
of, xxil. 354; treatment of, in Ville-
hardouin's Chronicle, xxiv. 230.
CHIVASSO, town, Italy, v. 676.
CHIVES, vegetable, xn. 281.
CHIVIATITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
CHLADNI'S FIGURES, in acoustics, i.
"3-
CHLADNITE, mineral, xvi. 415.
CHL^ENACEyE, order of plants, Madagas
car, xv. 170.
CHLAMYDOPHORA, order of Protozoa,
xix. 845.
CHLAMYDOPHORE, edentate mammal, v.
676; xv. 386.
CHLAMYDOSAURUS, genus of lizards,
xiv. 736; xx. 457, 458.
CHLAMYDOSELACHUS, genus of sharks,
xxi. 778.
CHLAMYS, Greek article of dress, vi.
453-
CHLOANTITE, mineral, xvi. 390.
CHLOASMA, skin disease, xxn. 122.
CHLODWIG (Clovis, q.v.), Frankish king,
x. 476.
CHLOEIA, genus of Annelida, n. 68.
CHLOPICKI, Joseph, Polish insurgent,
xix. 298.
CHLORAL, in chemistry, v. 676; hydrate
of, v. 677; xvii. 232.
CHLORATE OF POTASH, xix. 591 ; as
explosive, vni. 807.
CHLORATE OF SODA, xxn. 241.
CHLORHYDRATE OF AMYLENE, Wurtz's
investigation of, xxiv. 703.
CHLORIDE of iron, xni. 280; of lime,
V. 678 ; of mercury, xvi. 33 ; of
methyl, xvi. 196; of potash, xix. 591;
of silver, xxn. 72 ; of sulphur, xxn.
635; of titanium, xxin. 410.
, Ferric, magnetism of, xv. 267.
CHLORINE, chemical element, v. 678,
490 ; xvn. 62 ; discovery of, by Ber-
thollet, III. 609; its action on metals,
xvi. 71 ; as plant food, xix. 49; as
poison, XIX. 279; use of, in bleaching,
in. 812.
CHLORITE, mineral, x. 228; xvi. 413.
CHLORITOID, mineral, xvi. 413.
CHLOROCALCITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
CHLOROFORM, in chemistry, v. 679; as
anaesthetic, I. 790 ; its use first ad
vocated by Simpson, XXIL 86.
CHLOROMELANITE, mineral, xni. 541.
CHLOROPAL, mineral, xvi. 425.
CHLOROPH/EITE, mineral, xvi. 415.
CHLOROPHYLL, green-producing colour
ing matter in plants, xix. 48, 52, 57,
831; in. 690; iv. 87; xn. 12.
CHLOROPHYLLITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
CHLOROPLATINIC ACID, xix. 191.
CHLOROPS, wheat pests, xxiv. 535.
CHLOROSIS, disease, xni. 360; xvin.
375-
CHLOROSPERME^E, suborder of Alga-,
i. 508.
CHLOROSPINEL, mineral, xvi. 386.
CHLOROXYLON, genus of trees, XM.
317-
CHLORUS, Constantius, Roman emperor,
at Paris, xvin. 287.
CHNUPHIS, Egyptian divinity, vn. 718.
CHOANOFLAGELLATA, subclass of Pro
tozoa, xix. 858.
CHOARENE, Parthian kingdom, xvin.
592.
CHORE, town, Zanzibar, Africa, xxiv.
768.
CHOCOLATE, preparation from Cocoa
(q.v.), v. 680; vi. ioi.
CHOCTAWS, North-American Indians,
V. 680.
CHOCZIM (Khotin), town, Russia, xiv.
67.
CHODNEFFITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
CHODOWIECKI, Daniel Nicolas, Polish
painter, v. 68 1.
CHCERONYCTERIS, genus of bats, xv.
414.
CHCEROPSIS, genus of ungulate mam
mals, xxn. 772.
CHCEROPUS, genus of marsupial mam
mals, xv. 381; xxn. 285.
CHOIR, in architecture, n. 462.
— , Musical, xvii. 84, 85.
CHOISEUL, island, South Pacific, xxn.
2 52.
— , Cesar, Due de, French general, v.
681.
— , Claude Antoine Gabriel, Due de,
French royalist, v. 68 1.
-, Etienne Francois, Due de, French
statesman, v. 68 1; ix. 590, 593.
CHOlSY-LE-Roi, town, France, xxi.
624.
CHOKE-BORE GUN, XL 281; xxi. 833.
CHOLERA, V. 682; quarantine for, xx.
157-
CHOLESTERIN, chemical compound in
nerves, XIX. 24.
CHOLET, town, France, v. 685.
CHOLM, town, Russia, xx. 36.
CHOLO, issue of Negro and Indian, xvn.
C H 0 — C H R
97
CHOLCEPITS, genus of edentate mammals,
xxn. 162.
CHOLON, town, Cochin-China, XXL 152.
CHOLULA, town, Mexico, v. 685.
CHOLUM, Indian grain, xvi. 321.
CHOLUTEC, language, Nicaragua, XVI I.
479-
CHOLUTECA, department, Honduras,
xii. 132.
CHOMTO DONG, lake, Tibet, xxm. 341.
CHONDRARSENITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
CHONDRIN, substance akin to gelatin,
x. 130.
CHONDRITE, meteoric stone, xvi. 112.
CHONDRODITE, mineral, xvi. 410.
CHONDROPTERYGII, order of fishes, xii.
685.
CHONDROSINA, order of sponges, xxn.
422.
CHONDROSTEI, suborder of fishes, xii.
687.
CHONDROSTEUS, genus of fossil fishes,
xxn. 612.
CHONDRUS CRISPUS, species of Algte,
xiii. 276.
CHONICRITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
CHONOS ARCHIPELAGO, Patagonia,
xvm. 352.
CHONS, or Khuns, Egyptian deity, v.
685; VII. 718.
CHONTAL, language, Nicaragua, xvn.
479-
CHONTALES, gold mines, Nicaragua,
xvn. 478.
CHOO YUEN-CHANG, founder of Ming
dynasty, China, v. 648; xvi. 743.
CHOPIN, Frederic Frangois, Polish
musical composer, v. 685.
CHORAGIC MONUMENTS, n. 411.
CHORALS, hymn-tunes, xvn. 85.
CHORASMIA, ancient kingdom, Turke
stan, xiv. 62; XVIIL 101.
CHORAZIN, Palestine, Site of, x. 29.
CHORDA FILUM, species of Algee, i. 509.
CHORDATA, group of animals, xxm.
614, 618; xxiv. 179.
CHORDS, Ptolemy's table of, xx. 88.
CHOREA, disease, v. 686; xvm. 391,
398; xx. 517; xxi. 201.
CHORENE, Moses of, Armenian historian,
xvi. 861.
CHOREPISCOPUS, ecclesiastical digni
tary, vn. 14.
CHORIN, Cistercian monastery, Prussia,
xvn. 366.
CHORISTIDA, order of sponges, xxii. 423.
CHORIZONTES, advocates of dual author
ship of Homeric poems, xii. 119.
CHORLEY, town, England, v. 686.
CHOROGRAPHY, notation for dancing,
vi. 800.
CHOROID COAT, of the eye, i. 887;
diseases of, xvii. 783.
CHOROIDITIS, eye disease, xvn. 782,
783-
CHOROTEGAN, language, Nicaragua,
xvii. 479.
CHORRILLOS, town, Peru, xiv. 644.
CHORUS, in the Greek drama, xvii.
79; vin. 674.
CHOSES IN ACTION, CHOSES IN POS
SESSION, in law, XVIIL 665.
CHOSROENE, district, Mesopotamia,
xvm. 57.
CHOSROES I. (Khosrau I.), king of
Persia, xvm. 612; xm. 797.
II., xvm. 614; palace of, at
Mashita in Moab, xvii. 35.
CHOTA NAGPUR, or Chutia Nagpur,
British division, and tributary states,
India, v. 767, 768; population of, in.
567.
CHOTCHIM (Khotin), town, Kussia, xiv.
67.
CHOTI, kind of cloth, XI. 315.
CHOTTS, or Shotts, lakes, Algeria, I. 563;
xxi. 151; xxm. 620.
CHOTZEMITZ, Bohemia, Battle of (1757),
xiv. 137.
CHOUANS, royalist insurgents, France,
v. 686; ix. 607.
CHOUGH, bird, vi. 618.
CHOUMARA, F. M. T., on fortification,
ix. 464.
CHOUTH, Mahratta impost, India, xv.
291.
CHOW, Dynasty of, China, v. 643.
CHOWBENT, or Atherton, town, Eng
land, in. ii.
CHOZARS (Khazars), ancient people,
Caucasus, xiv. 59; xxi. 78.
CHRESTIANI, CHRESTUS, for Christians,
Christ, xm. 657.
CHRESTIEN, Florent, French satirist
and Latin poet, v. 687.
DE TROVES, early French romancist,
v. 687; xx. 649; xxiv. 632.
CHRESTUS, CHRESTIANI, for Christ,
Christians, XIII. 657.
CHRISSIE, lake, Transvaal, South Africa,
xxm. 517.
CHRIST, Jesus, v. 687; xm. 656; the
Messiah, xvi. 54.-
CHRISTABEL, Coleridge's poem, vi. 137.
CHRISTCHURCH, town, England, v.
687.
, town, New Zealand, v. 688.
CHRIST CHURCH, college, Oxford, xvm.
96.
CHRISTIAN, origin of name, xm. 657.
I.-II., electors of Saxony, xxi.
354-
II., king of Sweden, xxn. 747.
, Fletcher, Bounty mutineer, in.
826; xix. 132.
- BRETHREN, religious sect, xix.
238-
ERA, v. 712.
- HERO, The, by Steele, xxn.
527.
CHRISTIANIA, town, Norway, v. 688;
xvn. 582; library, xiv. 532; observa
tory, xvn. 714; university, xxm.
850.
CHRISTIANITY, v. 688; xx. 360; creeds
of, vi. 558; doctrines of, vn. 332;
xxm. 275; doctrine of sacrifice, XXI.
138; ethics of, vill. 588; ethical con
nexion with socialism, xxi I. 206;
in relation to inspiration, xm. 155;
theology of, xxm. 239; attacks on, II.
191; Celsus's attack on, v. 296; in the
2nd century, xvi. 774; Constantino's
relations to, VI. 30x3; early, in Persia,
xvm. 609; in Spain, xxn. 311; pro
phets in the early church, xix. 822;
its economic effects, xix. 352 ; its in
fluence on classical art, n. 344; on
Roman law, xx. 710; on slavery, xxn.
134; as influenced by Gnosticism, x.
705; by Neoplatonism, xvii. 338; its
introduction into England, vin. 277;
into Ireland, xm. 247; into Japan,
xm. 584; into Russia, XXI. 89; into
Scotland, xxi. 474; in relation to Mani-
chseism, XV. 485; Pliny's references to,
xix. 226; recognized as the religion of
the Roman empire, XX. 778; Clement's
views of, v. 820; Irenceus's, xm. 274;
Lessing's, xiv. 482 ; Locke's, xiv.
756; Origen's, xvn. 841.
— AS OLD AS THE CREATION,
Tindal's work, xxm. 404.
— NOT MYSTERIOUS, Toland's work,
xxm. 434.
CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHER, Dick's work,
vn. 173.
CHRISTIAN REPUBLIC, of France, ix.
565.
CHRISTIAN SOCIALISM, xxn. 210.
CHRISTIANS AND, town, Norway, v. 702;
xvn. 582.
CHRISTIANSHAAB, trading district,
Greenland, XL 170.
CHRISTIANS OF ST THOMAS, sect in
India, xxm. 308.
CHRISTIANSTAD, town, Sweden, v. 702;
county, xxn. 741.
CHRISTIANSUND, town, Norway, v. 702;
xvn. 582.
CHRISTIANUS DEMOCRITUS (J. C. Dip-
pel), German theologian and alchemist,
vn. 255.
CHRISTIAN YEAR, Keble's, xiv. 26.
CHRISTINA, regent of Savoy, xxi.
342-
, queen regent of Spain, xxn. 345.
, queen of Sweden, V. 702 ; XXII.
749; her correspondence with Des
cartes, vn. 120.
CHRISTINE DE PISAN, early French
writer, v. 703.
CHRISTIS KIRK ON THE GRENE, poem
by James I. of Scotland, xm. 556.
CHRISTMAS DAY, v. 704; xm. 659.
CHRISTODULUS, St, of Patmos, xvm.
408.
CHRISTOFLE, C., his method of working
nickel, xvn. 487.
CHRISTOPHE, Negro chief, Hayti, XL
545-
XXV. — 13
98
C E B — C H W
CHRISTOPHER, St, v. 704; wall paint
ings of, xvii. 44.
of Bavaria, king of Sweden, xxn.
746.
, duke of Wiirtemberg, xxiv. 702.
NORTH, assumed name of John
Wilson, Scottish writer, xxiv. 591.
CHRISTOPOULOUS, Athanasias, modern
Greek poet, v. 704; XL 151.
CHRIST'S COLLEGE, Cambridge, iv.
73i-
CHRIST'S HOSPITAL, school, London,
xiv. 835.
CHRIST'S VICTORY, poem by Giles
Fletcher, IX. 305.
CHRIST'S WOUNDS, marks of stigmatiz-
ation, xxii. 548.
CHRODEGANG, bishop of Metz, xvi.
707.
CHROMATES, chemical salts, v. 705; in
photographic printing, xvili. 831; as
poisons, xix. 278.
CHROMATIC ABERRATION, in lenses,
xvi. 259; xvii. 803; xxiii. 141.
CHROMATIC CHORDS, in music, Purcell's
use of, xvii. 90.
CHROMATIC SCALE, in music, I. 108;
xvii. 79, 91.
CHROMATOPHORES, organs of molluscs,
xvi. 665, 681.
CHROMATROPE, slide for magic lantern,
xv. 213.
CHROME, Pigments of, xix. 87.
BLACK, for calico printing, iv.
690.
CHROMEISEN, or Chromium-Steel, alloy
of chromium and iron, v. 706; xm.
352-
CHROME TANNING, xiv. 389.
CHROMIC ACID, v. 705.
CHROMITE, mineral, xvi. 386.
CHROMIUM, chemical element, v. 705,
534 ; discovery of, by Vauquelin,
xxiv. 116; combined with iron, xill.
284; spectrum of, xxii. 377.
CHROMIUM-STEEL, xm. 352.
CHROMO-LlTHOGRAPHY, XIV. 700;
xxin. 708.
CHROMOSPHERE, envelope of the sun,
ii. 788; vi. 429; xxn. 645.
CHROMO-TYPOGRAPHY, xxm. 708.
CHRONICA MAJORA, of Matthew of
Paris, xv. 634.
CHRONICLE, of Villehardouin, xxiv.
229.
, of Villani, xxiv. 227.
, Saxon, vill. 406, 408.
— HISTORIES, in English drama, vn.
428.
CHRONICLES, Books of, v. 706; in. 636.
, mediaeval records, their historical
value, XII. 20; Latinity of, xiv. 341;
English, Stew's editions of, xxn. 580;
early French, IX. 645 ; German, x.
527; Italian, xm. 505; Judcean, xiv.
85; Polish, xix. 299; Russian, XXI.
103; Spanish, xxii. 354, 363.
CHRONICON EDESSENUM, Syriac work,
xxii. 835.
CHRONICON HELVETICUM, Tschudi's,
xxm. 601.
CHRONICON PASCHALE, Byzantine his
tory, iv. 614.
CHRONOGRAPH, electric velocity in
strument, XL 298; xxm. 395.
WATCH, xxiv. 398.
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE, from earliest
times to 1875, V. 720.
CHRONOLOGY, v. 709; archaeological,
II. 334; Egyptian, VII. 728; Scaliger's
contributions to, XXI. 363.
CHRONOMETER, timepiece, v. 755; xxm.
392, 395; xxiv. 394; Berthoud's, HI.
610; Harrison's, xi. 494; navigating,
xvii. 259, 263, 273.
CHRONOSCOPE, electric velocity instru
ment, XL 298.
CHRUDIM, town, Bohemia, v. 755.
CHRYSALIS, pupa stage of butterflies, iv.
594-
CHRYSANTHEMUM, plant, xn. 254; xv.
544-
CHRYSIPPUS, Greek philosopher, v. 755;
xxii. 562.
CHRYSOBERYL, mineral, xvi. 386.
CHRYSOCHEIR, leader of the Paulicians,
xvni. 434.
CHRYSOCHLORID^:, family of insecti
vorous mammals, xv. 405.
CHRYSOCOLLA, mineral, vi. 347; xvi.
411.
CHRYSOLITE, precious stone, xvi. 410;
xvm. 534.
CHRYSOLORAS, Manuel, Greek gram
marian, v. 755; xi. 149.
CHRYSOPHAN, constituent of rhubarb,
xx. 530.
CHRYSOPOLIS (Ingolstadt), ancient town,
Bavaria, xm. 74.
(Parma), mediaeval town, Italy,
xvm. 314.
(Scutari), ancient town, Turkey in
Asia, xxi. 573.
CHRYSOPRASE, mineral, i. 278 ; xvi. 389.
CHRYSOSTOM, Dion, Greek rhetorician,
VII. 247; on Indian epic poems, XXI,
281 ; his romance, The Hunter, xx.
634-
, John, St, archbishop of Constanti
nople, v. 755; against monasteries,
xvi. 703.
CHRYSOTHRIX, genus of apes, n. 154.
CHRYSOTILE, mineral, xvi. 414.
CHU, the rhea plant, xx. 506.
CHUBB, or Chub, fish, n. 42; xn. 692;
xx. 582.
, Thomas, English deist, V. 757; on
natural religion, VII. 35.
CHUBB'S LOCKS, xiv. 746.
CHUBB'S SAFES, xxi. 144.
CHUBUT, river, Patagonia, xvm. 353.
CHUKCHEES, or Tchuktchis, Land of
the, Eastern Siberia, xv. 547; xxn.
9; xxiv. 726.
CHULPAS, burial towers, Peru, n. 451.
CHUMBE, mineral, xxiv. 785.
CHUNAR, or Chunarghur, town, India,
v. 757.
CHUND, or Chand, Hindi writer, v.
758; xi. 841, 843.
CHUNDERNAGORE, French settlement,
India, V. 391.
CHUNDRAKONA (Chandrakona), town,
India, xvi. 284.
CHUNNIA, bird, xxi. 677.
CHUPRAH, town, India, v. 758.
CHUQUISACA, department, Bolivia, iv.
10; town, xxii. 618.
CHUQUITO, lake, Bolivia, iv. 11.
CHUR, or Coire, town, Switzerland, vi.
117; xxii. 778.
CHURCH, The, v. 758, 9; clergy of the, v.
827; discipline of the, vm. 800; offices
in, XIX. 674; organization of, v. 698;
in time of St Paul, xvm. 428; views
of Irenaeus on, xm. 274.
, Catholic, V. 9.
, Greek, XI. 154.
, Lutheran, xv. 84.
AND STATE, Eolations of, v. 758;
XI. 16, 18; Calvin on, xix. 677;
Erastus on, VIII. 518.
CLOCKS, vi. 27.
- FATHERS, ix. 49.
GOVERNMENT, Erastus on, vm.
518.
HISTORY, v. 760.
CHURCHILL, Charles, English satirist,
V. 766; his place in English literature,
vm. 429.
-, John, duke of Maiiborough,
English general, XV. 553.
CHURCH Music, xvn. 80, 84, 88.
CHURCH OF ENGLAND, vm. 370; the
king the head of, xix. 674; order of
precedence in, XIX. 667.
CHURCH OF ROME, xx. 628.
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND, xxi. 536.
CHURCH PATRONAGE, in Scotland, xxi.
519.
CHURCHWARDENS, English, xvm. 296.
CHURCHYARD, Thomas, English soldier
and writer, v. 767.
CHURCHYARDS, Right of burial in, iv.
537 ; effects of overcrowding, v.
329-
CHURLS, social class in early England,
vm. 274.
CHURRIGUERRA, Joseph, Spanish archi
tect, n. 442.
CHURRUS, or Charas, hemp-resin, in.
627; xi. 648.
CHUSAN, island, China, v. 767.
CHUTIA NAGPUR, district, India, v. 767;
division, XIV. 806.
CHUTIA NAGPUR TRIBUTARY STATES,
India, v. 768.
CHUTISGURH (Chhatisgarh), division,
India, v. 608.
CHUTTERPUR, town, India, v. 769.
CHWANCHOW, town, China, v. 673.
C H W — C I R
CHWEN-CHANG (Kirin), town, Man-
cliuria, xiv. 96.
CHYLE, secretion in digestion, I. 846;
vii. 226; xvii. 678.
CHYLURIA, disease, xvm. 270.
CHYME, digested contents of the stomach,
vn. 225; xvii. 670.
CHYTRIDIE/E, parasitic fungi, xvm.
267.
GIBBER, or Cibert, Gains Gabriel,
Danish sculptor, v. 769.
, Colley, English dramatist and
laureate, v. 769; vn. 436.
CIBERT, Caius Gabriel, Danish sculptor,
v. 769.
CIBO, Giovanni Battista (Pope Innocent
VIII.), xiii. 85.
ClBORlUM, in architecture, II. 462.
CIBRARIO, Luigi, Italian economist,
xix. 387.
ClCACOLE, town, India, V. 770.
CICERO, Marcus Tullius, Roman orator
and writer, v. 770; XX. 764; as
Academician, I. 69 ; his knowledge
of anatomy, I. 802 ; his economic
theories, xix. 350; his Latinity,
xiv. 333; his rhetorical works, xx.
514; his opposition to Catiline, V. 238;
his relations with Hortensius, XII. 210;
his connexion with Tusculum, XXIII.
671; his place in Roman literature,
xx. 719.
ClCi, Vlach colony in Istria, xxiv.
270.
ClCLATOUN, variety of gold cloth, xxm.
210.
CICOGNARA, Leopoldo, Count, Italian
archaeologist, v. 772.
ClCONlA, genus of birds, XXII. 577.
CID, The (Buy Diaz Campeador), Spanish
hero, v. 773; xxn. 315; literature
relating to, xxn. 353.
, Le, Corneille's play, vi. 420.
CIDER, beverage, v. 775; n. 212.
CIECHANOW, town, Russian Poland,
xix. 227.
CIENFUEGOS, Nicasio Alvarez de, Span
ish poet, v. 775; xxn. 361.
CIGAR, v. 775; xxm. 426; Cuban, vi.
68 1 ; manufacture of, in Philippine
Islands, xvm. 751.
CIGARETTES, v. 776; xxm. 426.
CIGNANI, Carlo, Italian painter, v. 776.
ClGOLi, Luigi Cardi da, Italian painter,
v. 776.
CILIATA, class of Protozoa, XIX. 861.
CILICIA, ancient province, Asia Minor,
v- 7?6, 75; coins of, xvii. 648.
CILICIAN GATES, pass, Asia Minor, H.
705.
CIMABUE, Giovanni, Italian painter, v.
778; xxi. 434; his method of fresco-
painting, ix. 770.
CIMA DEL MERCEDARIO, mountain,
Chili, v. 6 1 6.
ClMAROSA, Donienico, Italian musical
composer, v. 779; xvii. 99.
CIMBRI, ancient Germanic tribe, v. 780;
x. 474.
CIMBRIC ALPS, i. 630.
CIMENTO, Accademia del, of Florence,
1.70.
CIMMERII, or Cimmerians, ancient Scy
thian race, v. 780; xxi. 577; inLydia,
XV. 100.
-, mythical people, v. 780; supposed
locality of, in. 149.
ClMOLITE, mineral, XVI. 424.
CIMOLOS, island, ^Egean Sea, xv. 841.
CIMON, Athenian statesman and general,
v. 780; xi. 101; xvm. 529, 573.
CIMONE, Monte, mountain, Italy, xiii.
437-
CIN^ETHUS, poet of Chios, xxi. 466.
CINCHONA, tree and bark, v. 780; xx.
184; cultivation of, in India, ill. 568;
xn. 751; on the Himalayas, XI. 833;
in Peru, xvm. 673.
CINCHONIDINE, alkaloid in cinchona,
xx. 185.
CINCINNATI, town, Ohio, U.S.A., v. 780;
xvii. 737; population, xxm. 822;
libraries, xiv. 535, 550; observatory,
xvii. 715.
CINCINNATUS, Lucius Quinctius, Roman
hero, v. 784.
ClNCLUS, genus of birds, xvm. 75.
CINCTUS GABINUS, in Roman costume,
X. 2.
CINDER, in iron smelting, xiii. 296,
306.
CINEAS, adviser of Pyrrhus, v. 785; xx.
136-
CINERARIA, greenhouse plant, xn. 262.
CINERARY URNS, xix. 602, 623.
CINNA, Lucius Cornelius, Roman consul,
v. 785; xx. 760.
— , Corneille's play, vi. 420.
CINNABAR, mineral, v. 785; xvi. 32,
393-
, of Pliny, resin, vn. 389.
RED, pigment, xix. 87.
CINNAMON, spice, v. 785; cultivation of,
in Ceylon, v. 369; as incense, xn. 718.
— STONE, mineral, xiii. 532; xvi.
411.
CINNAMUS, Joannes, Byzantine historian,
iv. 613.
CINNYRIS, genus of birds, xxn. 652.
CINO DA PISTOIA (Guittoncino de'
Sinibuldi), Italian poet and jurist, V.
786; xiii. 502.
CINOSTERNID.E, family of chelonian
reptiles, XXI n. 457.
CINQ-MARS, Vigny's romance, xxiv.
226.
CINQ-MARS, Marquis de, French
courtier, v. 786 ; conspiracy of, IX.
570.
CINQUA MIGLIA, plain, Italy, xiii. 438.
CINQUECENTO, Period of the, in archi
tecture, n. 436, 438 ; Arabesque of
the, n. 234.
WORK, in cameos, iv. 739.
CINQUEFOIL, in architecture, n. 462.
CINQUE PORTS, England, v. 786 ; vin.
218; their establishment, xvii. 279.
CINQUE PORTS, Barons of the, in. 388.
CINTHIO, or Cintio (Giovanni Battista
Giraldi), Italian novelist, x. 620.
CINTO, Mont, Corsica, vi. 439.
CINTRA, town, Portugal, v. 787.
CINYXIS, genus of chelonian reptiles,
xxm. 457.
CIOLEK, Stanislaus, Pulish statesman,
xix. 453.
CIOMPI, Rebellion of the, Florence, IX.
334-
CIONE, Andrea di (Orcagna), Italian
painter and sculptor, xvii. 814.
, Jacopo, Italian painter, xvii. 814.
, Lionardo, Italian painter, xvii.
814.
, Matteo, Italian sculptor and
niosaicist, xvii. 814.
CiONOCRANlA, suborder of lizards, xiv.
733-
CIPHER-WRITING, vi. 669.
ClPOLLlNO, mineral, xvi. 397.
CIPRIANI, Giovanni Battista, Italian
painter, V. 787.
CIRCAR, province, India, v. 787.
CiRCASSlA, region of the Caucasus, v.
787.
CIRCASSIAN LANGUAGE, Dictionary of
the, vn. 190.
CIRCASSIANS, race of people, v. 257 ;
Kuban tribes of, xiv. 1 50.
CIRCE, in Greek mythology, v. 789 ;
xv. 202.
CIRCEII, ancient town, Italy, v. 789.
ClRCESiUM, town, Mesopotamia, xvi.
48.
CIRCLE, in geometry, x. 380 ; mensura
tion of the, XVI. 17; Archimedes on,
II. 380 ; ratio of circumference to
diameter, XXII. 434 ; XXIII. 563;
squaring of the, XXI I. 433.
, Transit, astronomical instrument,
xxm. 515.
CIRCLES, Stone, ancient, xxi. 51 ; in
Peru, n. 451.
CIRCUIT, in law, v. 789.
CIRCUITS, Telegraphic, xxm. 122.
— , Telephonic, xxm. 132.
CIRCULATION, Capillary, of the blood,
xxiv. 105 ; Malpighi's discovery of,
xv. 338.
, Osmotic, in plants, xix. 46.
OF THE BLOOD, i. 899; xxiv. 98;
Harvey's discovery of, XL 503; xv.
810; in mammals, xv. 364.
ClRCUMCELLlONES, Eastern ascetics,
xvi. 701.
CIRCUMCISION, v. 789 ; among the
Bechuanas, in. 478; among the Mala
gasy, xv. 173.
CIRCUS, Roman, v. 791 ; x. 65 ; xx.
829.
, genus of birds, XI. 491.
CIRENCESTER, town, England, v. 792 i
100
C I R — C L A
agricultural college at, I. 408; x.
688.
CIRENCESTER, Kichard of, English his
torian, xx. 542.
CIREY, Haute-Marne, France, Voltaire's
residence, xxiv. 287.
CIRILLO, Domenico, Italian physician
and patriot, V. 792.
CIRPHIS, mountain, Greece, xvm. 801.
CIRRHA, ancient town, Greece, vi. 590.
CIRRHIPEDIA, or Cirripedia, vi. 632,
653, 664 ; distribution of, VII. 279,
283; in Lankester's classification,
xxiv. 813.
CIRRHOSIS OF THE LUNG, disease, xix.
251.
CIRRUS, cloud, xvi. 127.
CIRTA (Constantine), ancient town,
Africa, v. 793; VI. 298; XV. 609;
xvn. 628.
CISMONTANE PRINCIPLES, of Bonian
Catholicism, vi. 241.
CISSA, island, Adriatic, XXL 29.
CIS-SUTLEJ STATES, India, v. 793.
CISTEAUX (Citeaux, g-.u), village, France,
v. 794.
CISTERCIAN ABBEYS, i. 15.
CISTERCIANS, order of monks, v. 793;
xvi. 709; in England, vin. 372.
CISTERNS, in houses, iv. 503; xxi. 715.
CISTICOLA, genus of birds, xxiv. 367.
CISTUDO, genus of chelonian reptiles,
xxni. 457.
CITATION, in law, XXH. 642.
CITEAUX, village, France, v. 794; I. 15,
17; monastery of, I. 17; III. 601 ; v.
793; xvi. 709.
CITH^RON, mountain, Greece, V. 794;
in. 58.
CITHARA, Greek lyre, xv. 114.
CITIES, English, growth of, vill. 276,
303; European, population of, Vill.
705.
CITIZENSHIP, i. 575; municipal, xvn.
27; Komau, xx. 687, 704, 736.
CITLALTEPETL, mountain, Mexico, xvn.
845.
CITRATE OF MAGNESIA, xv. 218.
CITRATES, chemical salts, v. 795.
CITRIC ACID, v. 794; xiv. 438.
CITRINE OINTMENT, xvi. 34.
CITRON, tree and fruit, V. 795.
CITRUS, genus of fruit trees, XI v. 437;
xvii. 8 10.
ClTTA BELLA PlEVE, town, Italy, V.
795-
CITTA DI CASTELLO, town, Italy, v.
795; xx. 275.
CITTADINI, Celso, Sienese historian,
xxii. 43.
CITTA VECCHIA, town, Malta, v. 796;
xv. 340.
CITY, v. 796; county of a, VI. 513; in
corporated, in United States, XXill.
827; municipal, xvn. 27, 31.
OF DREADFUL NIGHT, Thomson's
poem, xxm. 312
CITY OF GOD, Augustine's work, in. 78.
CIUDAD BOLIVAR, town, Venezuela, n.
45; xxiv. 140.
CIUDAD DEL PRINCIPE, town, Cuba,
xx. 99.
CIUDAD DE VICTORIA, town, Mexico,
vn. 553; xvi. 214.
CIUDADELA, town, Minorca, v. 796.
CIUDAD REAL, town, Spain, v. 796;
province, xv. 458; xxn. 298.
CIUDAD REAL, town, Mexico, xxi. 255.
CIUDAD RODRIGO, town, Spain, v. 796;
xxi. 203.
CIULLO D'ALCAMO, Italian poet, xin.
499-
CIVET, carnivorous mammal, v. 796;
xv. 436.
, perfume, v. 796; xvm. 526.
ClVlDALE, town, Italy, v. 797.
CIVIL COURTS, in England, vi. 516.
CIVILIS, Claudius, Germanic leader, x.
475-
CIVILIZATION, its earliest seats, n. 342;
development of, II. 120; in relation to
ethnology, vill. 614, 624.
, History of, Buckle's, IV. 421.
•, History of, Condorcet's, VI. 255.
CIVIL LAW, v. 797; xx. 678.
CIVIL LAWS OF THE EMPERORS, Syriac
versions, xxn. 834.
CIVITA CASTELLANA, town, Italy, v.
797-
CIVITA DI CHIETI, town, Italy, v. 615.
CIVITA DI PENNE, town, Italy, v. 797.
C i VITAS CADURCORUM (Cahors), ancient
town, France, iv. 642.
CIVITA VECCHIA, town, Italy, v. 797.
ClVOLl, or Cigoli, Luigi Cardi da,
Italian painter, v. 776.
CLACKMANNAN, county, Scotland, v.
798; area and population, xxi. 528;
representation, xxni. 727.
CLADDAGH, village, Ireland, x. 57.
CLADOBATES, mammal, mimicry in,
xvi. 341.
CLADODACTYLA ROSEA, sea cucumber,
xx. 411.
CLADORHYNCHUS, genus of birds, xxn.
552.
CLADOTRICHE/E, group of Schizomy-
cetes, xxi. 405.
CLAFEN (Chiavenna), town, Italy, v.
610.
CLAIRAULT, Alexis Claude, French
mathematician, v. 798 ; n. 759 ; on
the ellipticity of the earth, vn. 600.
CLAIRMONT, Claire, her relations Avith
Shelley and Byron, xxi. 791.
CLAIR-ON-EPTE, France, Treaty of (912),
xvn. 539.
CLAIRVAUX, France, Monastery of, 1.15;
in. 602; v. 793.
CLAIRVOYANCE, xv. 277; xxn. 405; in
conjuring, XV. 208.
CLAM, Soft, mussel, xvn. 1 10.
CLAMECY, town, France, v. 798 ; xvn.
496.
CLAN, v. 799; marriage relationships in,
XXin. 472 ; relationships of, among
the Sawaioris, xix. 424; totems of,
xxni. 467.
CLANGULA, genus of birds, xvi. 824.
CLANNY'S LAMP, for mines, vi. 73.
CLANS KAY AND CHATTAN, Fight
between, at Perth, xxi. 491.
CLAN TARTANS, xxni. 68.
CLAPAREDE, J. L. R. A. Edouard, Swiss
naturalist, v. Soi; on Annelida, n. 69.
CLAPHAM, district, London, xiv. 822.
CLAPPERTON, Hugh, African traveller,
v. 801; i. 246; x. 192.
CLARAS, Poor, religious sisterhood, IX.
693, 699; xvi. 711.
CLARE, county, Ireland, v. 802 ; popu
lation and representation, XXIII. 727;
transferred to Munster, xni. 246.
, John, English poet, V. 804.
CLARE CONSTAT, writ, in Scots law,
xxiv. 697.
CLARE ISLAND, Ireland, xv. 650.
CLARENCE, river, New South Wales,
xvii. 408.
, Lionel, duke of, son of Edward
III. of England, XXIV. 752.
, George, duke of, brother of
Edward IV., vn. 685.
-, William, duke of (William IV. of
England), xxiv. 580.
CLARENDON, First Earl of (Edward
Hyde), English statesman and his
torian, v. 804.
- Fourth Earl of (G. W. F. Villiers),
English statesman, V. 807.
, Constitutions of, I. 32; vin. 372;
xi. 657, 658.
PRESS, Oxford, xvm. 96.
CLARES, or Claras, Poor, religious sister
hood, IX. 693, 699; xvi. 711.
CLARET, wine, xxiv. 604.
CLARGES, Anne, wife of General Monk,
xvi. 752.
CLARI, Giovanni Carlo Maria, Italian
musical composer, v. 809.
CLARIAS, genus of fishes, xxn. 67.
CLARINET, musical instrument, xvn.
707, 708.
GLARING PART, trumpet music, xxni.
593-
CLARISSA HARLOWE, Richardson''*
novel, vin. 430; xx. 544.
CLARISSES, religious sisterhood, IX. 693,
699.
CLARITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
CLARK, B. J., American temperance re
former, xxni. 158.
, George Rogers, American revolu
tionary officer, xxni. 745.
, Sir James, English physician, v.
809.
— , Thomas, Scottish chemist, V. 809.
CLARKE, Adam, Wesleyan divine, v.
809.
, Edward Daniel, English traveller,
v. 8 10.
C L A — C L E
101
CLARKE, Samuel, English philosopher
and theologian, v. 810; Butler's corre
spondence with, IV. 582; 011 deism,
xxiil. 234; his conception of ethics,
vni. 598.
, Captain William, American ex
plorer, xiv. 494.
, "W. B., on the geology of Australia,
in. 108.
CLARKE'S FORK, river, Montana, U.S. A.,
xvi. 772; xxm. 797.
CLARK'S FILAR MICROMETER, xvi.
245, 247.
CLARKSON, Thomas, English philan
thropist, v. 813; xxn. 139; his rela
tions with Wilberforce, xxiv. 565.
CLARUS, Julius, on the infliction of tor
ture, xxm. 466.
CLASS DISTINCTIONS, v. 186.
CLASSICS, Early editions of the, ill. 655.
CLASSIFICATION, Botanical, in. 683;
xvi. 845; xx. 421; xxii. 372.
, Zoological, n. 49; in. 683; xvi.
845; xxn. 372; xxiv. 805.
CLAUBERG, John, German philosopher,
v. 814; vii. 126.
CLAUD A, island, Crete, vi. 570.
CLAUDE of France, daughter of Louis
XII, ix. 555.
of Lorraine (Claude Gelee), French
painter, v. 814; Turner's rivalry of,
xxm. 664.
of Lorraine, founder of the Guise
family, XI. 265.
, Jean, French Protestant writer, v.
814.
CLAUDET, Antoine Fran§ois, French
photographer, V. 815.
CLAUDIANUS, Claudius, Konian poet,
v. 815; his place in Roman literature,
xx. 727.
CLAUDIA PROCULA, wife of Pontius
Pilate, xix. 89.
CLAUDIOPOLIS (Klausenburg), ancient
town, Hungary, xiv. 107.
CLAUDIUS, Appius Ctecus, Roman patri
cian, v. 8 1 6.
, Appius Crassus, Roman decemvir,
v. 816.
, Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor,
v. 817.
, Matthias, German poet, v. 817; x.
541.
, Tiberius, Roman emperor, v. 816;
xvii. 348; xx. 772, 773.
QUADRIGARIUS, Q., Roman his
torian, xiv. 729.
CLAUGHTON - CUM - GRANGE, part of
Birkenhead, England, in. 780.
CLAUSEL, Bertrand, French general, I.
567.
CLAUSENBURG, town, Hungary, xiv.
107.
CLAUSIUS, Rudolf J. E., his theorem in
dynamics, in. 39.
CLAUSSEN, or Clausson, Peder, Norse
writer, vn. 90; xvn. 589.
CLAUSTHAL, town, Prussia, xiv. 108.
CLAUSTHALITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
CLAUSTHAL TURN-TABLE, ore-dressing
machine, XVI. 59.
CLAVELINID^E, family of Tunicata,
xxm. 609.
CLAVERHOUSE, John Graham of, Vis
count Dundee, vn. 536; xxi. 516.
CLAVERING, Captain, Arctic explorer,
xix. 319.
CLAVICHORD, musical instrument, xix.
65-
CLAVICIMBALUM, musical instrument,
xix. 67.
CLAVICITERIUM, musical instrument,
xix. 70.
CLAVICLE, or Collar-bone, anatomy of, I.
826.
CLAVICORNES, group of beetles, vi. 131.
CLAVIERES, Etienne, Mirabeau's col
laborator, xvi. 497.
CLAVIGO, Goethe's play, x. 726.
CLAVIJO, Ruy Gonzalez de, Spanish
traveller, v. 817; x. 179; xxn. 354.
CLAVIS UNIVERSALIS, Arthur Collier's
work, VI. 143.
CLAVIUS, Christopher, his calculations
for the Gregorian calendar, iv. 671;
on prosthaphreresis, xvii. 183.
CLAWS, of animals, xxii. 107; xv. 348.
CLAY, x. 237; xvi. 424; for brick-mak
ing, iv. 280; for pottery and porce
lain, xix. 600 ; used as food, by
Indians, I. 703; burnt, used as manure,
I. 351; in England, vm. 229; reel,
deposits of, in Pacific, xvni. 123.
, Cornish, or China, xiv. i.
, Fire, IX. 238.
, London, geological formation, x.
361; xvi. 279.
•, Henry, American politician, v.
817; xxm. 762, 764, 770.
CLAYEATERS, tribe of Indians, i. 703.
CLAY IRONSTONE, xin. 287.
CLAYMORE, weapon, xxn. Soi.
CLAYTON'S BRICK-MAKING MACHINES,
iv. 282.
CLAZOMEN^E, ancient town, Asia Minor,
v. 818.
CLEANLINESS, in relation to health, xn.
568.
CLEANTHES, Greek philosopher, v. 818;
xxn. 562.
CLEARCHUS, Spartan general, v. 818;
xvni. 576.
of Rhegium, bronze sculpture by,
n. 348.
CLEARING-HOUSE, for banks, in. 328.
CLEARING NUT, xvn. 664.
CLEAVAGE, in crystals, vi. 672 ; in
rocks, x. 261, 306, 372; xvi. 378.
CLEDDY, river, "Wales, xvni. 481.
CLEIRAC, on the sea laws, xxi. 583.
CLEITOPHON, Leucippe and, classical
romance, xx. 636.
CLEMENGES, Nicholas de, on corrup
tions in the church, xx. 320.
CLEMENS ALEXANDRINUS, theologian,
v. 819; as Biblical interpreter, XL 745;
on the canon of Scripture, V. 8; on
the Mysteries, xvn. 128.
CLEMENS ROMANUS, early Christian
writer, n. 195; xix. 489; on the
Gospels, x. 814.
CLEMENT I., pope, v. 821.
II., pope, v. 821; xix. 498; xx.
790.
III., pope, v. 821; xx. 794.
III., antipope, XI. 255.
IV., pope, v. 821; xin. 475; xx.
797-
- V., pope, v. 821; xix. 501; xx.
798; his subjection to Philip IV. of
France, IX. 544; suppression of the
Templars under, xxm. 164.
VI., pope, v. 822.
-VII., pope, v. 822; xin. 482; XV.
787; xix. 502 ; his attitude towards
the Reformation, xx. 328.
VII., antipope, xx. 803.
VIII., pope, v. 822; xix. 505; his
opposition to Father Sarpi, xxi. 311.
IX., X., popes, V. 822.
XL, pope, v. 822; xix. 507.
- XII., pope, v. 823.
— XIII., pope, v. 823; xix. 507; his
relations to the Jesuits, xin. 654.
- XIV., pope, v. 823; xix. 507; his
measures against the Jesuits, xin.
655.
of Alexandria, v. 819, 8; XI. 745;
xvn. 128.
of Rome, II. 195; x. 814; Xix. 489.
, Frangois, French historian, v. 823.
CLEMENTI, Muzio, Italian musical com
poser, v. 823.
CLEMENTINE LEAGUE, xx. 328.
CLEMENTINES, The, early work on the
church, II. 196.
CLEMMYS, genus of chelonian reptiles,
xxm. 457.
CLEOBULUS, Greek sage, v. 824.
CLEOMENES I., king of Sparta, v. 824.
III., of Sparta, v. 825; xvni. 790.
CLEON, Athenian leader, v. 825.
CLEOPATRA I.-VI., queens of Egypt,
vn. 746, 747.
-VI., queen of Egypt, v. 826; vn.
747 ; xx. 769 ; her relations with
Mark Antony, n. 141.
CLEOPATRA'S NEEDLES, i. 495; n. 390;
vii. 768; xvn. 703.
CLEOPATRIS, ancient town, Egypt, xxn.
620.
CLEOPHAS, or Clopas, of Scripture, xin.
552.
CLEPH, king of the Lombards, xiv.
814.
CLEPSINID.E, subfamily of leeches, xiv.
404.
CLEPSYDRA, hydraulic clock, v. 826.
CLERC, Jean fe, or Clericus, xiv. 397;
his Parrhasiana, I. 785.
CLERESTORY, in architecture, n. 462.
102
C L E — C L Y
CLERGY, v. 826; an estate of the realm
of England, vm. 557.
, Benefit of, in law, V. 827.
CLERGYMAN'S SORE THROAT, xxm.
320.
CLERICIS LAICOS, papal bull, ix. 544.
CLERICUS (Jean le Clerc), Protestant
theologian and writer, XIV. 397; I.
785.
CLERKENWELL PRISON, London, xiv.
334.
CLERK'S GAS-ENGINE, xxn. 524.
CLERMONT, Count of, French general,
ix. 589.
EN BEAUVOISIS, town, France, v.
828; xvii. 749.
CLERMONT-FERRAND, town, France, v.
828; church of Notre-Dame-du-Port,
n. 456; monastery, I. 20; opium culti
vation, xvn. 792.
CLERMONT-L'HERAULT, town, France,
v. 828.
CLERMONT MANUSCRIPT, of the Scrip
tures, v. 9.
CLEVEDON, town, England, xxn. 258.
CLEVELAND, town, Ohio, U.S.A., v.
828; xvii. 737; population, xxm.
822.
, Duchess of, her relations with
Wycherley, xxiv. 706.
, Grover, president of the United
States, xxm. 785.
, John, English poet, V. 829.
BAYS, breed of horses, i. 385.
MONUMENTS, at Bhagalpur, India,
in. 626.
CLEVES, town, Prussia, v. 829.
CLICHY, town, France, VI. i ; XXI. 624.
CLIENT, Patron and, Koman relationship
of, xvni. 412; xx. 669, 736.
CLIFDEN, village, Ireland, x. 56.
CLIFF, hills, Lincolnshire, England, xiv.
653-
CLIFFORD, Rosamond (Fair Rosamond),
mistress of Henry II., xx. 848.
, W. K., on evolution, vm. 765.
CLIFFORT, George, friend of Linnaeus,
xiv. 673.
CLIFTON, town, England, vi. i.
CLIMATE, vi. i; science of, xvi. 114;
adaptation of animals and plants to,
I. 84; affected by cosmical causes, x.
218; James Croll on, x. 218.
CLIMAX, mountain pass, Asia Minor,
xv. 93.
CLIMBERRUM (Auch), ancient town,
France, ill. 67.
CLINE, Henry, his experiments in vac
cination, xin. 623.
CLINICAL THERMOMETER, xxm. 292.
CLINKSTONE, rock, x. 234.
CLINOCHLORE, mineral, xvi. 414.
CLINOCLASE, mineral, xvi. 406.
CLINTON, town, Iowa, U.S.A., vi. 7.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., vi. 7.
, De Witt, American statesman,
vi. 7.
CLINTON, Sir Henry, British general,
xxm. 744.
, Henry Fynes, English scholar,
vi. 7.
CLINTONITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
CLIO, Muse of history, xvn. 74.
CLIONE, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 667.
CLIPPING, of coins, xvi. 482.
CLISSON, Oliver, constable of France,
ix. 548.
CLISTENTERATA, group of Brachiopoda,
iv. 189, 194.
CLISTHENES, tyrant of Sicyon, xxn. 32.
CLITANDRE, Corneille's play, vi. 420.
CLITARCHUS, on the taking of Perse-
polis, xvni. 559.
CLITHEROE, town, England, vi. 7.
CLITO, William of, son of Robert of
Normandy, IX. 539.
CLITOMACHUS, Greek philosopher, vi. 8.
CLITOR, ancient town, Greece, VI. 8.
CLITUS, killed by Alexander, I. 483.
CLIVE, Lord, of Plassy, vi. 8; in India,
XII. 800; at siege of Arcot (1751), n.
478.
CLOACAE, sewers, Roman, xx. 814.
CLOBBERGOLL, social institution, Pelew
Islands, v. 126.
CLOCK, VI. 13; XXlll. 392; driving, for
telescope, xxm. 154; hydraulic, v.
826.
CLOCK-MAKING, in Switzerland, xxn.
779-
CLODION, Claude Michel, French sculp
tor, xxi. 563.
CLODIUS, Christian August, his relations
with Goethe, x. 722.
, Publius, Roman tribune and dem
agogue, XVI. 323; XX. 765; his oppo
sition to Cicero, v. 771.
CLODOALD, or Cloud, founder of St
Cloud, France, xxi. 160.
CLOEON, insect, larval stage of, vm.
457-
CLOGG ALMANACS, i. 590.
CLOG-SHOES, xxi. 830.
CLOISONNES, partitioned artistic work,
in enamelling, VIII. 183; Xlll. 679; in
mosaics, xvi. 850; Japanese, Xlll. 591.
CLOISTER, vi. 35; i. 12.
CLONCURRY, district, Queensland, xx.
172.
CLONES, town, Ireland, xvi. 718.
CLONMACNOISE, Ireland, its seven
churches, xiv. 87.
CLONMEL, town, Ireland, vi. 36; xxm.
406.
CLONTARF, Ireland, Battle of (1014),
xin. 254; xxi. 479.
CLOONFINLOUGH, Ireland, Crannog of,
vi. 552.
CLOOTZ, Jean Baptiste, Baron, French
Revolutionist, VI. 37.
CLOPAS, or Cleophas, of Scripture, xin.
552.
CLOSTER SEVEN, Prussia, Capitulation
of (1757), v. 74; vi. 706; ix. 588.
CLOT, Antoine, French physician, vi.
37-
, Bernat des, Catalan chronicler,
xxii. 363.
CLOTH, dressed by calendering, iv. 682;
painted, in wall decoration, XVII. 37;
printing on, iv. 684; trade in, at
Leeds, XIV. 407; weaving of, xxiv.
463, 466; ancient weaving of, xxm.
206; woollen, xxiv. 66r.
CLOTHING, in relation to health, xii.
568; of British army, 11. 588.
CLOTILDA, St, wife of Clovis, vi. 37;
ix. 529.
CLOTTED CREAM, vi. 771.
CLOUDS, xvi. 126, 138; their connexion
with the aurora, in. 91.
— , The, of Aristophanes, II. 508.
CLOUGH, Arthur Hugh, English poet,
vi. 37.
CLOVER, first introduced by Weston, I.
297; culture of, I. 375.
— SEED, i. 383.
CLOVES, tree and fruit, VI. 38; xii. 817;
yield of, in Amboyna, I. 66 1.
CLOVESHOE(Abingdon), England, Synod
of (747), vin. 371.
CLOVIO, Giulio, Italian painter, vi. 38.
CLOVIS, king of the Franks, IX. 528; x.
476; XVlll. 287; conversion of, XX.
378.
CLOWES, John, Swedenborgian clergy
man, xxii. 760.
— ,William, Methodist preacher, xvi.
192.
CLOWN, jester, ix. 366.
CLOYNE, town, Ireland, vi. 38.
CLUB, CLUBS, early types, vi. 38; xi.
259; modern, vi. 41; the Kit-Cat,
Xiv. 103; rowing, xxi. 31; scientific
and literary, XXII. 221; social, VI. 38.
CLUB-FOOT, vi. 42.
CLUB-HAULING, of ships, xxi. 600.
CLUB-MOSSES, xv. 95.
CLUFF, English Plymouthist, xix. 239.
C LUG i A (Chioggia), town, Italy, v. 674.
CLUGNI, or Cluny (q.v.), town and abbey,
France, I. 14; v. 794; vi. 43.
CLUNIAC MONASTERIES, i. 14.
CLUNIAC MONKS, v. 793.
CLUNY, town, France, I. 14; vi. 43;
monastery of, v. 794; XVI. 708; library
in, xiv. 513.
- MUSEUM, Paris, xvni. 282.
CLUPEA, genus of fishes, xi. 764; xvi.
10; xix. 90, 275; xxi. 726; xxii.
432.
CLUSIUM (Chiusi), ancient town, Italy,
v. 676; vm. 635.
CLUSIUS (Charles de 1'Esclusu), on the
potato plant, xix. 59^,
CLUTHA, river, New Zealand, xvn.
467.
CLUVER, Philip, German geographer,
vi. 43.
CLYDE, river, Scotland, vi. 43; xiv.
250; XX. 395; dredging of, vil. 466;
C L Y — C O C
103
improvement works, XX. 579; naviga
tion, x. 640.
CLYDE, Lord, British general, VI. 43.
CLYDESDALE HORSES, i. 385.
CLYMENE AMPHISTOMA, species of
Annelida, II. 67.
CLYT^EMNESTRA, wife of Agamemnon,
vi. 44; xvn. 827.
CNICNODE, CNICTROPE, in geometry,
xxn. 669.
CNIDUS (Tekir), ancient town, Asia
Minor, VI. 44; battle of (394 B.C.),
xi. 103; xvni. 578; Greek school of
medicine at, XV. 800; lion-tomb at,
II. 412.
CNOSSUS, town, Crete, vi. 44.
CNUT, or Canute, Danish and English
king, v. 39; vni. 287.
COACH, and coach-making, v. 135, 137.
COAHUILA, state, Mexico, xvi. 214.
COAL, vi. 45; x. 238; xvi. 429; anthra
cite, in United States, xxin. 81 1 ; com
bustion of, and its products, XXII.
1 80; f or gas-making, X. 88; production
of, xvi. 467; for steam-boilers, xxn.
500, 519; in Australia, III. 109; in
Brazil, iv. 224; in China, v. 633, 634,
637, 639; in England and Wales, vm.
226; in India, XII. 737, 764; industry,
in United States, xxni. 812. See also
Coalfields, below.
COALBROOKDALE, Shropshire, England,
xxi. 847.
COAL CUTTING, Machines for, vi. 67.
COAL-DUST FURNACE, ix. 844.
COALFIELDS AND COAL-MINES, of Bel
gium, III. 523; of Bengal, ill. 568;
British, VI. 49; of British Columbia,
vi. 169; in Formosa, China, IX. 416; of
Derbyshire, England, VII. 107; of Lan
cashire, England, XI v. 252; of North
umberland, England, xvn. 566; of
Staffordshire, England, XXII. 442; of
France, ix. 522 ; of Germany, x. 453;
of India, ill. 371 ; of Ireland, II. 142;
xiii. 217; of Labuan, Indian Archi
pelago, xiv. 178; of New South Wales,
xvii. 409; of Prussia, xx. 1 5 ; of Queens
land, xx. 173; of Russia, xxi. 85; of
Fifeshire, Scotland, IX. 150; of Lanark
shire, Scotland, XIV. 250; of Linlith-
gowshire, Scotland, xi v. 669; of Silesia,
xxii. 53; of the United States, I. 680;
of Colorado, U.S.A., vi. 161; of Ken
tucky, U.S.A., xiv. 42; of Missouri,
U.S.A., xvi. 525 ; of Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xviii. 501; of West Virginia,
U.S.A., xxiv. 518.
COAL-MEASURES, in geology, x. 349.
COAL-MINING, vi. 61; xxm. 811. See
also article Mining, xvi. 440.
COAL-TAR, xxm. 57; aniline from, n.
47; as fuel in iron-smelting, xiii. 293;
naphtha from, xvii. 174.
COANZA, river, Africa, vi. 81; I. 254.
COAPIM, kind of grain, xvi. 321.
COAST SURVEYS, xvii. 262.
COATBRIDGE, town, Scotland, vi. 81.
COATI, or Coati-mundi, carnivorous
mammal, xv. 441.
COAT OF ARMS, xi. 683.
COAT OF MAIL, n. 556.
COATS, Captain, Arctic explorer, xix.
318.
COB, horse, xii. 190.
COBALT, chemical element, vi. 81; v.
5355 cyanide of, xx. 23; magnetization
of, XV. 256, 261; mines of, in Chili,
v. 622; ores of, xvi. 58.
— BLUE, pigment, vi. 82; xix. 87.
GREEN, pigment, vi. 82; xix. 88.
COBALTITE, mineral, xvi. 390.
COBALTSPATH, mineral, xvi. 398.
COBAN, town, Central America, VI. 83.
COBBETT, William, English political
writer, VI. 83; his Weekly Register,
XVII. 419.
COBDEN, Richard, English politician,
vi. 85; vm. 366.
COBEQUID MOUNTAINS, Nova Scotia,
xvii. 601.
COBHAM, Lord (Sir John Oldcastle),
Lollard martyr, xiv. 812; xvn. 753.
COBIJA, town, Bolivia, vi. 89.
COBITIDINA, genus of fishes, xiv. 741.
COBLENTZ, town, Prussia, vi. 89; xx.
21 ; bridge at, IV. 339.
COB NUT, xvn. 664.
COBOURG, town, Ontario, Canada, xvn.
775-
COBRA, genus of snakes, VI. 90; XII. 743;
xxii. 196.
COBURG, town, Germany, VI. 91; XXL
347; duchy, XXI. 347.
COCA, or Cuca, plant, vi. 684; XVin.
673-
, river, South America, vn. 646.
COCAINE, vegetable alkaloid, vi. 685.
COCAJO, Merlino (T. Folengo), Italian
poet, ix. 355.
COCCACE^E, class of Schizomycetes, xxi.
405.
COCCAJO, Merlino (T. Folengo),. Italian
poet, IX. 355.
COCCEIUS, Joannes, Dutch theologian,
VI. 91.
Cocci, cells in Schizomycetes, xxi.
402.
COCCIDIIDEA, subclass of Protozoa, xix.
854.
COCCINITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
COCCOLITE, mineral, XVI. 416.
COCCOTHRAUSTES, genus of birds, XI.
533-
COCCULUS INDICUS, adulterant for
beer, I. 172.
COCCUS CACTI, cochineal insect, vi. 97.
COCCUS CERIFERUS, wax-bearing in
sect, xxiv. 459.
Coccus LACCA, lac-yielding insect, xiv.
181.
Coccus VERMILIO, kermes-yielding in
sect, xiv. 49.
Coccus VITIS, vine pest, xxiv. 238.
COCCYGOMORPH.-E, group of birds, in.
715-
COCCYX, Anatomy of the, I. 821.
COCH, Johann (Cocceius), Dutch theo
logian, vi. 91.
COCHABAMBA, town, Bolivia, VI. 91 ;
department, IV. 10.
COCHIN, state. India, vi. 91; town, vi.
92.
CHINA, country, Asia, vi. 92; II.
685.
COCHIN-CHINA FOWLS, i. 401; xix.
645.
COCHINEAL, dyestuff, vi. 97; vn. 574.
INSECT, iv. 626; xiii. 153.
COCHLEA, of the ear, i. 893.
COCHLEARIA, genus of plants, XII. 207.
COCHRANE, Robert, favourite of James
III. of Scotland, xxi. 495.
, Thomas, tenth earl of Dundonald,
vii. 539.
COCKAMAROO, Russian bagatelle, in.
230.
COCK AND HEN PADDLE, fish, xv. 65.
COCKATOO, bird, vi. 98; xvni. 322.
COCKATRICE, fabulous animal, vi. 98.
COCKBURN, Lord, Scottish judge, vi.
99-
— , Mrs Alison, Scottish ballad-writer,
VI.
Sir George, British admiral, VI.
99-
COCKCHAFER, beetle, vi. 131; as vine
pest, xxiv. 238; as wheat pest, xxiv.
536.
COCKER, Edward, English arithmetician,
vi. 99; n. 527.
COCKERELL, Charles Robert, English
architect, vi. 99; his excavations at
Bassos, xviii. 735.
COCKERILL, John, his machine works
at Seraing, Belgium, XXI. 674.
COCKERMOUTH, town, England, vi. 99.
COCKING'S PARACHUTE, i. 201.
COCKLE, mollusc, vi. 100; xvi. 688.
COCK-OF-THE-WOOD, bird, V. 54.
COCKROACH, insect, vi. 100; xiii. 152.
COCKSCOMB MOUNTAINS, British
Honduras, XII. 133.
COCLES, Horatius, Roman hero, VI.
100.
COCOA, or Cacao, tree and fruit, vi. 100;
adulterations of, I. 170; culture of, in
Philippines, xvin. 751; in Venezuela,
xxiv. 140.
- BUTTER, vegetable fat, xvn. 744.
COCOA-NUT, vi. 103; xvii. 664.
COCOA-NUT OIL, xvn. 744.
COCOA-NUT PALM, vi. 103; xvni. 190;
of Ceylon, v. 363.
Coco DE MER, tree and fruit, Seychelles
Islands, xvni. 191; xxi. 726.
COCOON, of bees, in. 492; of moths, iv.
594; of the silkworm, XXII. 58.
Cocos, genus of palms, xvni. 190.
ISLANDS, Indian Ocean, xiv. 26;
xxii. 586.
C 0 C — C O L
Cocx, or Coques, Gonzalez, Flemish
painter, vi. 368.
COCYTUS, river, Greece, vi. 103.
, legendary river, vi. 103; xxn.
614.
COD, fish, vi. 103; xii. 691; organs of
touch in the, XXIII. 478; fishery, off
Newfoundland, xvn. 384; North Sea
fishery, IX. 255.
CODE, body of laws, vi. 104.
CODEIA, alkaloid in opium, XVII. 793.
CODE NAPOLEON, ix. 614; xvn. 205.
CODES, of Roman law, xx. 710.
CODEX, writing tablets, xviir. 143;
ancient manuscript, xvm. 144.
ALEXANDRINUS, MS. of the Scrip
tures, i. 496.
— AUREUS, MS. of the Gospels, xxin.
553-
MS. of Gospels and the
Acts, I. 123; in. 646; in university
library, Cambridge, IV. 730.
— EPHRAEMI, MS. of New Testa
ment, in. 646.
— • JURIS ECCLESIASTICI ANGLICANI,
of Bishop Gibson, x. 586.
— OF JUSTINIAN, xin. 794; xx. 712.
— SINAITICUS, MS. of the Scriptures;
in. 646; xiv. 533; xxin. 409.
VATICANUS, MS. of New Testa-
ment, in. 646.
CODICANAL (Kodaikanal), town, India,
xv. 192.
CODICIL, to a will, xxiv. 571.
CODIFICATION, of law, vi. 106.
CODILLA, of flax, ix. 298,
COD-LIVER OIL, vi. 104; xvn. 744.
CODOGNO, town, Italy, VI. 107.
CODOMANNUS (Darius III.), king of
Persia, vi. 826; xvni. 581.
CODRINGTON, Sir Edward, British
admiral, vi. 107.
CODRUS, king of Athens, vi. 107; n.
476.
COEFFICIENT, in algebra, i. 519.
COEFFICIENTS, Laplace's, xiv. 303.
COEHORN, Menno, Baron van, Dutch
military engineer, vi. 107; on forti
fication, IX. 441, 462.
COZLA, Pass of, Thessaly, Greece, xxm.
299.
COZLEBS IN SEARCH OF A WIFE, by
Hannah More, xvi. 814.
CCELENTERA, or Ccelenterata, group of
animals, vi. 107, 369; I. 129; xn.
547; xvni. 259; embryology of, xx.
419; histology of, XII. 7; reproduction
of, xx. 408; skeletal structures of,
xxn. 106; in Lankcster's classifica
tion, xxiv. 812.
CCELESTINE, mineral, xxn. 607.
CCELESTINUS I., pope, V. 291; XIX. 491.
See Celestine.
CCELESTIUS, Pelagian teacher, in. 77;
xvni. 471.
COZLESYRIA, Roman province, Asia
Minor, xiv. 393; xxn. 822; xxiu.654.
COELHO, Estevan, Portuguese poetj
xix. 555.
CCELIAN HILL, Rome, xx. 828.
CCELIUS AURELIANUS, Roman medical
writer, in. 86; XV. 804.
COELLO, Alonso Sanchez, Spanish
painter, VI. 108.
CCELOCORMID^E, family of Tunicata,
xxin. 617.
COEN, Jan Pieterszoon, founder of
Batavia, Java, vi. 108; xn. 820.
CCENINA, ancient town, Italy, xiv.
344-
CCENOBIA, monastic communities, I. 10,
n; vi. 109; xvi. 700.
COENRED, Northumbrian king, xvn.
570.
COZNURUS CEREBRALIS, animal para
site, xxiv. 206.
CCERULEOLACTIN, mineral, xvi. 405.
CCESYRA, wife of Pisistratus, xix. 131.
COETLOGON, Denis de, his Universal
History of Arts and Sciences, vin. 197.
COZUR, Jacques, early French trader and
economist, vi. 109; v. 411.
DE LION, Richard I. of England,
xx. 539.
COFFEE, vi. no; adulterations of, I.
169; use of chicory in, v. 615; culti
vation of, in Arabia, II. 237 ; in Brazil,
IV. 227; in Cuba, vi. 68 1 ; in Celebes, v.
289; in Ceylon, v. 369; in India, xn.
750; in Java, xin. 603; in the Philip
pines, xvni. 751; in Sumatra, XXII.
639; in Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
- HOUSES, origination of, VI. 1 10.
RAT, in Sumatra, xxn. 639.
COFFER-DAMS, in engineering, vi. 114;
iv. 325.
COFFIN, ix. 824; of clay, xix. 605; of
wicker work, v. 330.
COGGIA'S COMET, 11. 815.
COGIDUBNUS, British king, XXII. 725.
COGITO ERGO SUM, Descartes's proposi
tion, v. 142.
COGNAC, town, France, vi. 116.
, brandy, IV. 216.
COGNI, Konia, or Koniyeh, town, Asiatic
Turkey, xn. 696.
COGNITION, xx. 40; in relation to logic,
xiv. 797; Fichte's theory of, ix. 137;
Hume's, xn. 353; Kant on, xin. 851.
COGNIZANCE, or Badge, in heraldry, XL
709.
COHELETH, Book of Ecclesiastes, vii.
624.
COHEN, Francis (Sir Francis Palgrave),
English historian, xvni. 182.
COHESION, in capillary action, v. 56.
COHN, F., his researches on protoplasm,
xix. 829; on Schizomycetes, xxi. 399.
COHOES, town, New York, U.S.A., vi.
116.
COIGNET, Michael, Flemish cartogra
pher, xvn. 253.
COIMBATORE, district, India, VI. 116.
COIMBRA, town, Portugal, vi. 117; xix.
537; observatory at, xvn. 713; uni
versity, xxin. 839, 851.
COIN, town, Spain, vi. 117.
COINAGE, xvi. 723; xvn. 628; counter
feit, I. 176; of gold and silver, iv. 518;
depreciation of, xvi. 726; relations to
units of weight, xxiv. 482; British,
xvi. 480; French, ix. 525; ancient
Lydian, xv. 100; in Tibet, XIV. 498.
, Decimal, vii. 20.
COINING, xvi. 480; Boulton's apparatus
for, iv. 173.
COINS, xvn. 628; Etruscan, vin. 641;
Greek and Roman bronze, IV. 367;
Tibetan, xiv. 498.
COIR, fibre, vi. 103.
CoiRE, town, Switzerland, vi. 117;
xxn. 778.
GOITER, Volcher, on birds, xvni. 4.
Coix LACHRYMA, species of grasses,
xin. 703.
COJUTEPEC, town, San Salvador, vi. 1 18.
COKE, fuel, vi. 46, 118; use of, for
smoke abatement, xxn. 182.
, Sir Edward, English lawyer, vi.
119; rival of Bacon, in. 202.
— , Thomas, American Methodist, xvi.
192.
COKUM BUTTER, vegetable fat, xvn.
744, 746.
COLAC, lake, Victoria, Australia, xxiv.
216.
COL/EUS, Samian navigator, xxi. 249.
COLA NUT, xvn. 664.
COLAPTES, genus of birds, xxiv. 652.
COLAR, district, India, xiv. 136.
COLAXAIS, Scythian hero, xxi. 576.
COLAY, lake, Ecuador, vii. 646.
COLBATH, Jeremiah J. (Henry Wilson),
vice-president of United States, xxiv.
590.
COLBERG, town, Prussia, vi. 121.
COLBERT, Jean. Baptiste, French states
man, VI. 12 1 ; IX. 574; his economic
policy, xix. 356.
COLCHAGUA, province, Chili, v. 617.
COLCHESTER, town, England, vi. 123;
house of Austin Canons at, I. 19.
, Lord, English statesman, vi. 124.
COLCHICINE, vegetable alkaloid, vi.
125.
COLCHICUM, plant, vi. 124.
COLCHIS, ancient country, Caucasus, vi.
125; xvi. 437; coins of, xvn. 645.
COLD, Death from, xv. 781.
, catarrh, v. 218.
— BLAST FURNACE, xin. 317.
COLDSTREAM, town, Scotland, VI. 125.
COLD-WATER CURE, hydropathy, xii.
542.
COLD WAVES, of air, in United States,
xxin. 805.
COLE, W., English physician, xv. 811.
COLEBROOKE, Henry Thomas, English
Orientalist, VI. 125; I. 517.
COLEMAN, Edward, English veterinary
teacher, xxiv. 199.
C O L — C 0 L
105
COLENSO, J. W., bishop of Natal, xvn.
242; on the Pentateuch, xvm. 512.
COLEOPTERA, order of insects, VI. 126,
Xiii. 148; mimicry in, XVI. 343.
COLERAINE, town, Ireland, vi. 134.
COLERIDGE, Hartley, English writer,
vi. 135.
, Sir John Taylor, English lawyer
and critic, VI. 135.
, Samuel Taylor, English poet, VI.
135; as dramatist, vn. 438; as jour
nalist, XVII. 417; his sonnets, XXII.
262; his place in English literature,
vili. 433; his relations with Southey,
xxn. 290; with "\Vordsworth, xxiv.
669.
, Sara, English writer, VI. 138 ;
translator, vn. 308.
COLEROON, branch from the Kaveri,
India, xiv. 19; xxm. 47.
COLERUS, Johannes, biographer of
Spinoza, XXII. 402.
COLESHILL, town, England, xxiv. 379.
COLET, John, dean of St Paul's, London,
vi. 139; vin. 414.
, Louise Revoil, French poetess and
novelist, VI. 139.
COLEUS, stove plant, xn. 266.
COLFAX, Schuyler, vice-president of
United States, xxm. 788.
COLIC, disease, vi. 140.
COLIGNI, or Coligny, Gaspard de, admiral
of France, VI. 140; IX. 559.
COLIGNY, House of, ix. 559.
COLI MA, town, Mexico, vi. 141; xvi. 214;
state, xvi. 214; mountain, xvi. 215.
COLIN, bird, xx. 147.
, Alexander, Flemish sculptor, vi
141.
CLOUT, Skelton's song, xxn. 120.
CLOUT'S COME HOME AGAIN,
Spenser's poem, xxn. 394.
COLIUS, genus of birds, xvn. 6.
COLL, Bernat des, Catalan chronicler,
xxn. 364.
COLLAERT, Hans, Flemish engraver, vi
141.
COLLAR-BONE, Anatomy of the, I. 826.
COLLARD, W. F., pianoforte maker, xix.
75-
COLLAS, Peruvian tribe, XVIII. 676.
COLLE, Charles, French dramatist, vi.
141.
COLLE, Rafaelle del, Italian painter, vi.
142.
COLLECTARIUM, liturgical service book,
xiv. 710.
COLLECTIVISM, economic basis of social
ism, xxn. 207.
COLLEGE, vi. 142; xxm. 834, 837.
COLLEGE DE FRANCE, xxm. 851.
COLLEGES DE RHETORIQUE, in Dutch
literature, xn. 91.
COLLEGIA, Roman guilds, vi. 432; xi.
260.
COLLEGIANT BROTHERHOOD, Dutch
religious sect, xxn. 400.
COLLEGIUM CURIOSUM, academy, in
Germany, I. 71.
COLLEMCOLA, group of insects, xm.
153-
COLLENCHYMA, tissue ill plants, xn.
18.
COLLEONI, Bartolomeo, Statue of, at
Venice, XXI. 568; xxiv. 156, 176.
COLLET, John, English caricaturist, v.
104.
COLLETT, J. Camilla, Norwegian novel
ist, xvii. 592.
COLLETTA, Pietro, Italian historian,
xm. 514.
COLLIBERTS, or Cagots, race of people,
France, IV. 641.
COLLIE, dog, vn. 326.
COLLIER, Arthur, English metaphysi
cian, vi. 143.
, Jeremy, English divine, VI. 145 ;
on the English stage, vn. 436.
COLLIERIES, in England and Wales,
vm. 226; modes of working, vi. 64.
See Coal, Coalfields, and Coal-Mining.
COLLIMATOR, optical instrument, xvn.
800; in spectroscopy, XXII. 373.
— MAGNET, xv. 238.
COLLING, Messrs, breeders of shorthorn
cattle, I. 303.
COLLINGWOOD, suburb of Melbourne,
Victoria, xv. 836.
— , Lord, English admiral, VI. 145.
COLLINS, Anthony, English philosopher,
VI. 146; XXIV. 644; his Discourse of
Freethinking, VII. 35.
, Mortimer, English poet and novel
ist, vi. 147.
, Samuel, English anatomist, I. 813.
, William, English painter, VI. 148.
— , William, English poet, VI. 148.
COLLINSON, Captain, Arctic explorer,
xix. 321.
COLLISION, at sea, xxi. 60 r.
COLLOCALIA, genus of birds, XXII. 760.
COLLODION, its composition and uses,
vi. 149.
— PROCESS, in photography, xvm.
824.
COLLOQUE, French presbytery, Xix. 693.
COLLOQUIA, of Erasmus, vm. 512.
— MENSALIA, of Luther, i. 785.
COLLOREDO, Lazarus Johannes Baptista,
parasite-bearing monster, xvi. 766.
COLLOT D' HERBOIS, Jean Marie, French
Revolutionist, vi. 149.
COLMAN, George, the Elder, English
dramatist, vi. 149; vn. 438.
, George, the Younger, English
dramatist, vi. 150.
COLMAR, town, German Alsace, vi. 150.
COLMATA, or Warping, method of re
claiming land, I. 406; xm. 367.
COLN (Cologne, q.v.), town, Germany,
vi. 151.
COLNE, river, Herts, England, xi. 771;
XVI. 279; XXIII. 220.
, river, Essex, England, vm. 552.
COLNE, town, England, VI. 150.
COLOBOMA OF THE IRIS, eye disease,
xvn. 782.
COLOBUS, genus of apes, n. 151.
COLOCYNTH, plant and drug, vi. 150.
COLOGNA, town, Italy, vi. 151.
COLOGNE, town, Rhenish Prussia, vi.
151; xx. 1 6, 21 ; architecture of
churches, II. 431; sculptures in cathe
dral, xxi. 565; university of, xxm.
840, 848 ; Wallraf-Richartz museum,
xxi. 445; congress of Old Catholics
at (1872), xvii. 755.
COLOMBIA, United States of, South
America, vi. 152; I. 712; xxiv. 141;
under Bolivar, IV. 9; Indian tribes,
Xii. 828; mines, xvi. 471; railways,
xx. 252.
COLOMBINI, Giovanni, Italian writer,
xm. 505.
COLOMBO, town, Ceylon, vi. 157.
COLON, territory, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
(Aspinwall), town, Panama, n. 716;
xvm. 209.
COLONEL JACK, Defoe's work, vn. 29.
COLONEUS, CEdipus, Sophocles's drama,
xxn. 272.
COLONIA, town, Uruguay, xxiv. 15.
COLONIAL GOVERNMENT, XL 20.
COLONIES, vi. 158; growth of and com
merce with, vi. 202 ; their legal rela
tions to aboriginal tribes, xm. 196;
British, in America, their relations to
the crown, xxm. 730, 736; Roman,
xx. 745.
COLONIZATION, Wakefield's theories of,
xxiv. 319.
COLONNA, Giacomo, bishop of Lombez,
France, xvm. 707.
, Giovanni Paolo, Italian composer,
vi. 157.
, Otto di (Pope Martin V.), xv. 582.
-, Sciarra, mediaeval Roman senator,
xx. 798.
, Vittoria, Neapolitan princess and
poetess, vi. 157; friend of Michel
angelo, xvi. 234.
- FAMILY, Rome, xx. 796, 804, 806.
COLONNE, Guido delle, Italian writer,
xm. 499; xx. 639.
COLONUS, Roman cultivator, xxil. 135.
COLONY, vi. 158. See Colonies.
COLOPHON, ancient town, Asia Minor,
vi. 161.
, in bibliography, VI. 161.
COLOPHONITE, mineral, xvi. 411,
COLOPHONIUS, Nicander, Greek poet,
XVII. 476.
COLOPHONY, rosin, vi. 161 ; xx. 852;
xxiv. 242.
COLOQUINTIDA (Colocynth), plant, vi.
!50.
COLORADO, State, U.S.A., vi. 161 ;
population, xxm. 802; mines of, xvi.
470; xxm. 815.
BEETLE, vi. 134, 163.
COLORADOITE, mineral, xvi. 394.
XXV. — 14
106
C 0 L — C O M
COLORADO MOUNTAINS, U.S.A., xxm.
796.
COLORADO RIVER, U.S.A., vi. 163;
xvii. 367; xviii. 116; xxm. 203;
canons of, xxm. 799.
COLOSSI, ancient town, Asia Minor, vi.
164.
COLOSSEUM, amphitheatre at Rome, I.
774; II. 419 ; dedication of, xxm. 420.
COLOSSI ANS, Epistle to the, vi. 164; its
relation to the Epistle to Ephesians,
vni. 463.
COLOSSUS, statue at Rhodes, vi. 166; n.
365; xx. 526.
COLOT, Laurence, French surgeon, xxn.
676.
COLOUR, Sensations of, vm. 823; ideas
of the ancients about, XIV. 577 ; its
application to architecture, II. 454; in
crystals, xvi. 372; of metals, xvi. 68;
animal mimicry of, XVI. 343; photo
graphy of, xviii. 834; Goethe's
investigations on, X. 734; Newton's,
XVII. 440; Schopenhauer's, XXI. 450.
, Acoustic, timbre, I. 118.
BLINDNESS, vni. 824; xiv. 579;
affected by magnetism, XV. 282; Dai-
ton's exposition of, VI. 784.
CORRECTION, of object glasses,
xxm. 141.
COLOURED RACE, in United States,
xxin. 821.
COLOUR PRINTING, xxm. 708.
COLOURS, used by artists, XVIII. 138;
XIX. 85; in dyeing, VII. 574; steam,
in calico printing, IV. 690; vegetable,
xix. 52.
COLSTON, Edward, English merchant,
vi. 1 66.
COLSTON'S HOSPITAL, Bristol, England,
v. 446.
COLT, Samuel, inventor of the revolver,
vi. 166.
COLTA, lake, Ecuador, vil. 646.
COLUBER, genus of snakes, xxn. 194.
COLUCCIO SALUTATI, Italian scholar,
xx. 802.
COLUMBA, Celtic saint, vi. 167; XIII.
204, 249; his mission in Scotland, xxi.
474; monastic rule of, XVI. 706.
COLUMBjE, group of birds, vn. 379;
xviii. 46.
COLUMBANUS, Irish monk, VI. 167;
monastic rule of, XVI. 707.
COLUMBELLA (Dyveke), mistress of
Christian II. of Denmark, vil. 587.
COLUMBIA, town, South Carolina,
U.S.A., vi. 168; xxn. 288.
, British, North America, VI. 169.
— , District of, U.S.A., vi. 168; xxiv.
382; population, xxm. 802.
COLLEGE, New York, U.S.A.,
xvii. 456, 461; xxm. 857.
— - RIVER, U.S.A., xvii. 822; xviii.
116; xxm. 798; xxiv. 386.
COLUMBINE, of the pantomime, xviii.
216.
COLUMBITE, mineral, xvi. 427.
COLUMBO, Matthieu R., on the vas
cular system, I. 809; xxiv. 95.
COLUMBUS, town, Georgia, U.S.A., vi.
171.
, town, Ohio, U.S.A., vi. 170; xvii.
737-
, Christopher, discoverer of America,
vi. 171; I. 707; ix. 82; x. 180; xili.
375-
, Johan, Swedish poet, XXII. 755.
, M. R., Italian anatomist, I. 809;
xxiv. 95.
, Samuel, Swedish poet, XXII. 755.
COLUMCILLE, or Columba (i-v.), Celtic
saint, vi. 167; XIIL 249.
COLUMELLA, Lucius Junius Moderatus,
Roman writer on agriculture, VI. 176;
xix. 350.
COLUMN, in architecture, n. 462; Cary-
atic, II. 407; Corinthian, II. 407; Doric,
II. 403; Egyptian, n. 391; Persian, II.
400; Roman, xx. 831; Roman Corin
thian, II. 416; Roman Doric, II. 418;
Roman Ionic, n. 417.
•, strength of, xxn. 606.
COLVILL, Surgeon-Major, his observa
tions on the plague, xix. 159.
COLVILLE RESERVATION, Washington
Territory, U.S.A., xxiv. 386.
COLYMBID^E, family of birds, vn. 292;
xv. 2.
COLZA, plant, i. 383; vi. 176.
OIL, vi. 176; xvii. 744; xx.
COMACCHIO, town, Italy, VI. 177 ;
eel beds of, vn. 693; lagoons of, xix.
251.
COMAN, Turkish tribe, xxm. 660.
COM AN A, ancient town, Pontus, Asia
Minor, vi. 177; xix. 459.
(Chryse), ancient town, Cappadocia,
Asia Minor, VI. 177; temple of Bellona
at, v. 75.
COMANCHES, North-American Indians,
vi. 177.
COMAYAGUA, town, Honduras, xii. 131;
departmental. 177.
COMB, VI. 177 ; manufacture of, at
Aberdeen, I. 42.
•, of bees, in. 489.
COMBACONUM, town, India, vi. 178;
xxm. 47.
COMBAT, Judicial, vn. 511; xvii. 820.
COMBATIVENESS, in phrenology, xviji.
844-
COMBE, Abram, disciple of Robert
Owen, xviii. 88.
, Andrew, Scottish physiologist, vi.
179.
, George, Scottish physiologist, VI.
179; xvin. 844.
, William, English writer, VI. 180.
COMBERMERE, Viscount, English gene
ral, vi. 1 8 1.
COMBINATIONS, among workmen, vi.
181; xxm. 499.
COMBO, British colony, West Africa, x.
59-
COMBUSTION-HEAT, of oil, as compared
with coal, xvin. 239.
COMEDIE HUMAINE, Balzac's, in. 304.
COMEDONES, skin disease, xxn. 121.
COMEDY, vn. 395; Greek, n. 508.
OF ERRORS, Shakespeare's play,
xxi. 763.
COMENIUS, or Komensky, Johann Amos,
Moravian educationist, vi. 182; vn.
673; xxn. 152.
COMET, The, H. Bell's steamboat, in.
542.
COMETS, VI. 182; ll. 813; in relation to
meteors, xvi. no; exchided from
nebular theory, XVII. 310; spectra of,
XXII. 651 ; Kepler's observations on,
xiv. 47; Leverrier's, xiv. 486; Gibers' s,
xvn. 752.
COMFITS, confections, vi. 257.
COMFREY, Prickly, forage plant, i.
378.
COMICAL REVENGE, Etheridge's comedy,
vni. 573.
COMIC OPERA, xvn. 99.
COMILLAH, town, India, XXIII. 405.
.COMINES, town, France, vi. 194.
•, Philippe de, French historian, VI.
194; ix. 648.
COMING RACE, The, Lytton's tale, xv.
123.
COMINO, island, Mediterranean Sea, xv.
339-
COMINOTTO, islet, Mediterranean Sea,
xv. 339.
C'OMISENE, Parthian kingdom, XVIII.
592.
COMITAN, or Comitlan, town, Mexico,
vi. 194.
COMITIACENTURIATA, of ancient Rome,
vi. 195; xx. 679, 735.
COMITIA CURIATA, of ancient Rome, vi.
194; xx. 733.
COMITIA TRIBUTA, of ancient Rome, vi.
195; xx. 679, 737, 771.
COMITIUM, at Rome, xx. Si 6.
COMITLAN, town, Mexico, vi. 194.
COMMAGENE, Syria, Coins of, xvn. 649.
COMMAND, distinguished from law, xiv.
355-
COMMANDER, Naval, duties of, xvn.
292.
COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF, of British
army, II. 572.
COMMANDMENTS, The Ten, vn. 15.
COMMEDIA DELL' ARTE, improvised
comedy, in Italy, vn. 418.
COMMEMORATION OF SAINTS, xxi. 155.
COMMENDAMS, Bacon versus Coke on,
III. 206.
COMMENSALISM, Parasitic, xvin. 261;
n. 67.
COMMERCE, vi. 196; beginnings of, vni.
617; economic extension of, xix. 354;
European, vni. 706 ; commercial
societies, xxn. 227.
O M — C 0 N
107
COMMERCIAL AGENTS, in the United
States, vi. 317.
COMMERCY, town, France, VI. 207.
COMMISSION, Calculation of, n. 536.
COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY, in
France, IX. 605.
COMMITTEES, Parliamentary, xvm. 312.
COMMIUS, British king, XXII. 725.
COMMODORE, naval officer, xvn. 292.
COMMODUS, Lucius Aurelius, Roman
emperor, VI. 207.
COMMON, Rights of, in law, vi. 209.
, A. A., his observatory at Ealing,
London, xvn. 711; his reflecting
telescope, xxm. 152.
LAW, vi. 208.
LIFE, or Common Lot, Brethren of
the, mediaeval religious society, VII.
672; IX. 725; xvii. 134.
PLEAS, Court of, England, VI. 208;
Records of, XX. 312.
PRAYER, Book of, Church of Eng
land, VIII. 379; xiv. 710; revision of,
vi. 328.
COMMONS, waste lands, vi. 208.
, estate of the realm, British, VIII.
557-
, House of, xvm. 304, 307, 311.
COMMON SENSE, Hamilton's theory of,
XI. 418; Reid's philosophy of , XX. 350.
COMMONWEALTH, The English, under
Cromwell, vi. 602; vill. 348; parlia
ment in time of, xvm. 307.
COMMUNE, administrative division, in
France, vi. 211; IX. 509; xvn. 28; in
Italy, XIII. 464, 471; Polish, xix. 311;
Roman, xx. 783; Russian, xxi. 83.
OF PARIS (1792), ix. 603; (1872),
ix. 627.
COMMUNION, or Holy Communion, vm.
651; xxi. 131, 139; order for admin
istration of, Xiv. 706 ; given to the
dying (Viaticum), XXIV. 208; Luther's
doctrine of, xv. 81; St Paul's, xvm.
428; Zwingli's, xxiv. 833.
OFFICE, Roman, xvi. 509; Angli
can, vm. 379. See also article Liturgy.
COMMUNISM, vi. 211; xxn. 207;
applied to land, XIV. 265; exemplified
in Oneida Community, U.S.A., XVI I.
773 ; Fourier's system, IX. 489 ;
Owen's promotion of, xvm. 87.
COMMUTATION TABLES, 11. 81.
COMMUTATOR, Electric, xiv. 630.
COMNENA, Anna, princess and author
ess, II. 59.
COMNENI, dynasty, Byzantine empire,
XI. 117.
COMNENUS, Alexius, Byzantine emperor,
I. 501; XI. 117; his relations with the
crusaders, vi. 625.
, Alexius, emperor of Trebizond,
XXin. 533.
, Andronicus I., Byzantine emperor,
II. 22.
, Isaac I., Byzantine emperor, xin.
374-
COMNENUS, John II., Byzantine em
peror, xin. 713.
, Manuel I., Byzantine emperor,
xv. 505.
COMO, town, Italy, VI. 219.
-, Lake of, Italy, vi. 220; xiv. 217.
COMONFORT, Ignacio, Mexican soldier
and politician, vi. 220.
COMORES, or Comoro Islands, East
Africa, VI. 220.
COMORN, or Komorn, town, Hungary,
xiv. 138.
COMORO ISLANDS, East Africa, vi. 220.
COMPAGNACCI, Florentine faction, xxi.
337-
COMPAGNI, Dino, Italian writer, xin.
505.
COMPAGNIA DELLA MORTE, in Naples,
xx. 847.
COMPANIES, Registration of, xx. 344.
-, Livery, of London, vi. 223 ; xiv.
819.
COMPANY, corporate association, vi. 221,
434; xvm. 330.
OF JESUS, xin. 645.
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, vi. 225;
xxiv. 800; advance of, 1.813; investi
gators in, I. 8 1 8.
COMPARATIVE GRAMMAR, XL 38 ;
Bopp's work on, iv. 49.
COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY, of Aryan
languages, xvm. 781.
COMPASS, Azimuth, xvi. 160.
, Mariner's, VI. 225; XV. 219, 518;
discovery of, X. 179; as known to
early navigators, xvn. 250; deviation
or variation of, x. 187 ; xv. 250;
xvi. 163; xvn. 274.
-, Surveying, XXII. 718.
COMPASSES, mathematical instrument,
xxn. 721.
COMPENSATION BALANCE, for watches,
xxiv. 395.
COMPETITION VALUES, in economics,
xxiv. 48.
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS, vm.
781.
COMPIEGNE, town, France, vi. 228 ;
xvii. 749.
COMPITALIA, Roman festival, xiv. 313.
COMPLAYNT OF SCOTLAND, early Scot
tish work, xxi. 541.
COMPLEAT ANGLER, Walton's work,
xxiv. 342.
COMPLEX, system of lines, in geometry,
xxn. 670.
COMPLEXITY, in psychology, xx. 56.
COMPLEX VARIABLE, xxiv. 69.
COMPLINE, canonical hour, iv. 263.
COMPLUTENSIAN POLYGLOTT, I. 458;
xin. 694; xix. 417.
COMPOSING, in printing, XXIII. 700;
machines for, xxm. 700.
COMPOSTELLA (Santiago), town, Spain,
VI. 229; pilgrimages to, xix. 94.
COMPOUND RULES, in arithmetic, n.
534-
COMPRESS, Hydropathic, xn. 544.
COMPRESSED AIR, Force of, vm. 209.
COMPRESSED FUEL, ix. 808.
COMPRESSIBILITY, of materials, vn.
815; xxn. 595, 601.
COMPRESSION, in steam-engine, xxn.
486, 487; in air and gas engines, xxn.
523-
COMPSA, Samnite town, Italy, XXI. 249.
COMPTON, Henry, bishop of London, VI.
229.
, Spencer, earl of Northampton,
xvn. 558.
COMPURGATION, ancient mode of trial,
xin. 785.
COMPUTATION, Arithmetical, n. 526.
COMSTOCK MINES, Nevada, U.S.A., xvi.
441, 470; xvn. 368; xxm. 815.
COMTE, Auguste, French philosopher,
VI. 229; IX. 674; his ethical system,
vm. 609 ; on evolution, vm. 763 ;
his metaphysic, xvi. 101; on philo
sophy, xvm. 794; on sociology and
political economy, xix. 390; the Three
Ages of his scheme, I. 279; Littre's
relations to, xiv. 706.
COMUM (Como), ancient town, Italy, vi.
220.
COMUS, in Greek mythology, vi. 238.
, Milton's poem, xvi. 326.
, French conjurer, xv. 210.
COMYN, John, the Red, slain by Bruce,
xx. 593; xxi. 488.
CON, George, papal agent in England,
XI. 655.
CONATION, Psychology of, xx. 40, 42,
72.
CONCA, Sebastiano, Italian painter, vi.
238.
CONCAN, district, India, VI. 238.
CONCEALMENT OF BIRTH, in law, xin. 4.
CONCENTRATIVENESS, in phrenology,
xvm. 844.
CONCEPCION, town, Chili, vi. 239; pro
vince, v. 617.
, town, Paraguay, xvm. 244.
CONCEPTION, in physiology, xx. 407.
— , in psychology, XX. 57, 76.
, Feast of the, xn. 715; xv. 592.
— BAY, Newfoundland, xvn. 383.
CONCEPTUALISM, in scholastic philo
sophy, i. 35; xxi. 424.
CONCHIFERA, class of Mollusca, xvi.
684.
CONCILIUM PLEBIS, of Rome, xx. 678.
CONCINI, Concino, French courtier, IX.
566.
CONCLAVE, meeting for election of a
pope, vi. 239.
CONCLUSION, in logic, xiv. 788.
CONCLUSIONS, The Lollard, xiv. Sn.
CONCORD, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
vi. 240; battle of (1775), xxm. 740.
, town, New Hampshire, U.S.A., vi.
240; xvn. 392.
, Temple of, at Rome, II. 417; xx.
820.
108
C 0 N — C 0 N
CONCORDANCE, verbal index, vi. 240;
of the Bible, by Calasio, IV. 653; by
Cruden, vi. 621.
CONCORDAT, papal agreement, vi. 241;
xxm. 531 ; Austrian, abolished, in.
141; with Napoleon, xvn. 205; of
Worms (1122), xix. 500.
CONCORDIA, Roman goddess, VI. 243.
, Lombard league, xin. 473.
, town, Italy, vi. 243.
, town, Xamaqualand, Africa, xvn.
1 68.
CONCORDS, Musical, xvn. 82.
CONCRETE, substitute for stone, vi. 243;
in building, IV. 453, 456; Roman, XX.
808.
CONCUBINAGE, vi. 243; xv. 569.
COND, Irish king, xiu. 245.
CONDAMINE, Charles Marie de la,
French geographer and mathematician,
xiv. 193; his South- American ex
plorations, x. 189; measuring arc of
meridian, vn. 598.
CONDATE (Libourne), ancient town,
France, xiv. 509.
(Rennes), ancient town, France,
xx. 401.
CONDE, town, France, vi. 244.
, Princes of, France, VI. 244.
, Louis, Prince of (Concle the Great),
vi. 245; IX. 571; his relations with
Turenne, xxm. 626.
, Louis de Bourbon, Prince of, vi.
, Louis Henry Joseph, duke of
Bourbon, vi. 248.
CONDE, Jose Antonio, Spanish Orien
talist, vi. 248.
CONDENSATION, of gaseous bodies, vi.
311; vii. 217; vm. 727; of steam,
xxii. 487.
CONDENSED MILK, xvi. 304.
CONDENSER, in distillation, vn. 261.
, Electric, vm. 34.
, Steam-engine, xxii. 513, 518.
CONDER, Josiah, English writer, vi. 249.
CONDESCENDENCE, ill Scots law, XIX.
2 2O.
CONDE'-SUR-NOIREAU, town, France,
vi. 244.
CONDICTION, in Roman law, xx. 683.
CONDILLAC, Etienne Bonnot de, French
philosopher, VI. 249; IX. 669; on the
association of ideas, II. 732; his logic,
Xiv. 794; on logical analysis, I. 797.
CONDITIONED, Hamilton's philosophy
of the, xi. 418.
CONDIVICENUM (Nantes), ancient town,
France, xvn. 173.
CONDOLMIERI, Gabriel (Pope Eugenius
IV.), vm. 663.
CONDOM, town, France, vi. 253.
CONDOR, bird, vi. 253; xxiv. 302; in
Chili, V. 623.
CONDORCET, Marquis de, French philo
sopher and politician, vi. 254; IX. 667.
CONDORE, India, Battle of, vi. 11.
CONDOTTIERI, Italian mercenary troops,
vi. 256; xill. 477.
CONDUCTION, Electric, vm. 4, 41, 106.
, Electrolytic, vn. 219; viu. 106.
• OF HEAT, xi. 577; xx. 212.
CONDUCTIVITY, Electric, vm. 52.
, Thermal, xi. 578, 586.
BOXES, Electric, vm. 45.
CONDUCTOR, Lightning, xiv. 633.
CONDUIT, in water-works, xxiv. 408.
CONDURRITE, mineral, xvi. 393.
CONDYLOPODA, or Arthropoda, n. 271,
647-
CONE, in geometry, vi. 282; x. 417;
xxii. 668; mensuration of, xvi. 25.
, On the Section of the, Serenus's
work, xxi. 675.
CONECTE, Thomas, French monk and
preacher, vi. 256.
CONEGLIANO, town, Italy, vi. 256.
CONEN DE PREPEAN, French steno
grapher, xxi. 841.
CONEPATL, skunk of Central America,
xxii. 126.
CONEY, islet, Sligo, Ireland, xxii. 1 59.
ISLAND, village, Long Island, New
York, U.S.A., xiv.
CONFARREATIO, form of Roman mar
riage, vi. 256; xx. 671.
CONFECTIONERY, vi. 256.
CONFEDERATE STATES, of America,
xxm. 773.
CONFEDERATION, German, in. 135 ; x.
505.
OF THE RHINE, in. 133; vm. 363;
xvn. 210; its dissolution, xvn. 220.
CONFEDERATIONS, Political, ix. 62.
CONFERENCE, in diplomacy, vi. 269.
CONFESSIO, in early Christian archi
tecture, vi. 667; xx. 834.
CONFESSION, of sin, vi. 257; its place
in the Eastern, Latin, and Lutheran
Churches, XVIII. 487.
CONFESSIONAL, vi. 258.
CONFESSION OF FAITH, Westminster,
vi. 558; xxi. 503.
CONFESSIONS, Rousseau's, xxi. 16.
OF AN ENGLISH OPIUM-EATER,
De Quincey's work, vn. 102.
OF FAITH, or Creeds, vi. 558.
CONFESSOR, vi. 258.
CONFIRMATION, ecclesiastical rite, vi.
258.
CONFLAGRATIONS, ix. 233.
CONFLANS, France, Treaty of (1465), IX.
552.
CONFUCIUS, Chinese sage, vi. 258; his
doctrines, V. 662, 671; XX. 363; his
relation to Mencius, xvi. 3; temple of,
at Shanghai, n. 448.
CONGE D'^LIRE, mandate for election
of a bishop, vi. 265.
CONGER-EEL, fish, vn. 693.
CONGLETON, town, England, VI. 265.
, Lord, chancellor of Irish ex
chequer, VI. 265.
CONGLOMERATE, rock, x. 237.
CONGO, country, West Africa, vi. 266.
— , or Zaire, river, Africa, xxiv. 763 ;
I. 254; exploration of, x. 192.
FREE STATE, Central Africa, xxn.
144; xxiv. 765.
LANGUAGES, group of Bantu dia
lects, xxiv. 828.
CONGOU TEA, xxm. 99.
CONGREGATIO DE PROPAGANDA FlDE,
xvi. 514.
CONGREGATION, Christian, early organi
zation of, xix. 675.
, Lords of the, Scotland, xxi. 501.
, University, XXIII. 835.
OF THE ORATORY, Rome, xvn.
347-
CONGREGATIONALISTS, religious de
nomination, vi. 268 ; xii. 722;
American, in relation to Unitarianism,
xxm. 726.
CONGREGATIONS, administrative bur
eaus of Roman Catholic Church, XX.
629.
CONGRESS, in diplomacy, vi. 269; of
Minister or Westphalia (1643-1648),
in. 268; of Vienna (1815), in. 135,
270.
, of the United States, its constitu
tion, xxm. 749 ; first meeting of,
xvin. 741.
, American Continental, xxi 1 1. 737,
74°, 743-
CONGREVE, Sir William, inventor of
the rocket, vi. 272.
, William, English dramatist, vi.
271; vii. 436; vin. 424.
CONGRUENCE, in geometry, xxn. 670.
CONI, town, Italy, vi. 272.
CONIC SECTIONS, or Conies, vi. 273; x.
395; projection of, xix. 798.
CONIDIA, reproductive organs in plants,
ix. 829; xx. 424.
CONIFERS, order of trees, n. 315, 321;
ix. 222; xix. 102; xxiv. 131.
CONINE, vegetable alkaloid, xi. 647.
CONINGTON, John, English scholar, VI.
284.
CONISBROUGH CASTLE, Yorkshire,
England, xxiv. 749.
CONISTON OLD MAN, mountain, Eng
land, xiv. 252.
CONIUM, genus of plants, xi. 646; XVII.
232.
CONJEVERAM, town, India, vi. 285.
CONJUNCTIONS, in grammar, xi. 41.
CONJUNCTIVITIS, eye disease, xvn. 780.
CONJURING, by tricks and illusions, xiv.
414; xv. 207.
CONNAUGHT, province, Ireland, vi. 285;
area and population of, xin. 215; first
mention of, xill. 246.
CONNECTICUT, State, U.S.A., vi. 285;
xxm. 748; population, xxm. 802;
original colony of, xxin. 730, 731.
CONNELLITE, mineral, xvi. 385.
CONNEMARA, district, Ireland, vi. 289;
X. 55.
C 0 N — C O N
109
CONNOR, Bernard, English physiologist,
vi. 289.
CONNUBIUM, or Conubium, form of
Koman marriage, XV. 568; XX. 671.
CONOIDS, Archimedes on, II. 380.
CONOLLY, John, English physician, VI.
289.
CONOMEDUS^E, order of Hydrozoa, xn.
559-
CONON, Athenian general, vi. 289; as
ally of the Persians, xvm. 577.
, (Leo III.), emperor of the East, xiv.
452.
of Samos, his record of eclipses, n.
748.
CONOTEUTHIS, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
671.
CONQUEST, in Scots law, xin. 77.
OF MEXICO, History of the, by
Prescott, xix. 703.
OF TREBIZOND, romance, xx. 653.
CONQUETE DE CONSTANTINOPLE, Ville-
hardouin's, xxiv. 229.
CONRAD I., king of Germany, x. 482.
II., emperor, x. 486; his influence
in Rome, xx. 790.
III., emperor, x. 489.
IV., emperor, x. 492.
of Montferrat, crusader, xx. 540;
xxm. 161.
of "Wurzburg, German poet, x. 524.
CONRADIN, king of Sicily, vi. 289; xxn.
27.
CON R ART, Valentin, first secretary of
the French Academy, VI. 290.
CONSALVI, Ercole, Italian cardinal and
statesman, vi. 290.
CONSANGUINITY, or Kindred, vi. 291;
systems of reckoning it, IX. 22; closeness
of, in relation to deaf-muteism, VII. 4.
CONSCIENCE, or Moral Sense, Butler's
doctrine of, IV. 587; Hutcheson's, xn.
409 ; Shaftesbury's, XXI. 733. See
also article Ethics.
, Hendrik, Flemish writer, xn. 98.
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS, in phrenology,
xvm. 845.
CONSCIOUSNESS, in metaphysics, xvi.
92; states of, xx. 38; physiology of,
XIX. 20, 41 ; Christian, vn. 336 ;
Cousins's theory of, VI. 525 ; Des
cartes' s, v. 142; Hamilton's, XL 417;
Locke's, xiv. 758.
CONSCRIPTION, Military, n. 565, 566;
its effect on emigration, Viil. 175.
CONSECRATION, vi. 291.
CONSEIL DE PRUD'HOMMES, tribunal of
employers and employed, xiv. 173; at
Paris, XVIII. 286.
CONSENSUS SANDOMIRIENSIS, church
congress (1570), XXL 259.
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY, VIIL 208;
xvm. 553.
CONSERVATISM, as influenced by the
Renaissance, xx. 394.
CONSERVATIVE PARTY, British, xxiv.
540.
CONSERVATOIRE DES ARTS ET DES
METIERS, Paris, xvni. 281.
CONSERVATORY, Garden, xn. 222.
•, or Conservatoire, Musical, vi. 291;
xvii. 83.
CONSIDERATION, in legal contracts, vi.
322.
CONSISTOIRE, French Presbyterian
court, XIX. 693.
CONSISTORIAL CONGREGATION, of
Church of Rome, XX. 629.
CONSISTORIAUX, section of French
Presbyterians, XIX. 694.
CONSISTORY, ecclesiastical council, vi.
292.
COURT, Canterbury, n. 370.
CONSIVA, or Ops, Roman goddess, xxi.
321.
CONSOLATION OF PHILOSOPHY, Boetius's
work, in. 857.
CONSOLATIONS AGAINST THE FEAR OF
DEATH, Drelincourt's work, vu. 468.
CONSOLE, in architecture, II. 462.
CONSOLIDATION ACTS, English, vi. 292.
CONSOLS, British Government annuities,
vi. 293; xvii. 245.
CONSONANCE, Musical, xvii. 105.
CONSONANTS, Pronunciation of, xxn.
385-
CONSPIRACY, in law, vi. 293; in rela
tion to trade unions, XXIII. 500.
CONSTABLE, officer of the peace, vi.
294.
, Lord High, of England, xxn. 459;
xxi. 36.
, Archibald, Scottish publisher, VI.
295; vin. 201.
, Henry, English poet, VI. 295.
, John, English painter, vi. 296.
CONSTABULARY, police force, xix. 332;
in Ireland, XIII. 239.
CONSTANCE, town, Baden, Germany, vi.
297; congress of Old Catholics at
(1873), xvii. 755; council of (1414-18),
x. 550; xii. 405; xin. 712; xix. 502;
xx. 320, 805; peace of (1183), xin.
474-
, Lake of, Switzerland, vi. 297; XIV.
217; xx. 519; xxii. 776.
of Aquitaine, wife of Robert I. of
France, IX. 536.
CONSTANT DE REBECQUE, Henri Ben
jamin, French philosopher and econo
mist, vi. 297; IX. 673; xvm. 223;
xxii. 799; on the philosophy of caste,
v. 187, 189.
CONSTANTIANA (Kustendje), ancient
town, Roumania, xiv. 162.
CONSTANTINA, town, Spain, XXI. 708.
CONSTANTINE, town, Algeria, VI. 298.
I., the Great, Roman emperor, vi.
298; xi. 110; xx. 778; cross in the
sky, seen by, XL 399.
V. (Copronymus), Byzantine em
peror, xii. 713.
VI., Byzantine emperor, xm. 274.
VII. (Porphyrogenitus), Byzantine
emperor, VI. 301; his encouragement
of literature, iv. 613; xi. 145.
CONSTANTINE XIII. (Palreologus), By
zantine emperor, xvm. 166.
, emperor of Gaul, Spain, and
Britain, vi. 301.
I-II., kings of Scotland, xxi. 478.
, missionary to the Slavs, xvi. 194.
•, bishop of Harran, Syriac writer,
xxii. 841.
, Basilica of, at Rome, in. 414; xx.
826.
BRANCOVAN, voivode of Walachia,
xxi. 17.
PAVLOVICH, Russian prince, vi.
302; xvii. 485.
SYLVANUS, founder of the Paul-
icians, xvni. 433.
CONSTANTINOPLE, capital of Turkey,
VI. 302; founding of, XI. in; xx.
778; council of (381), xxm. 259;
repulse of Moslems at (717), xvi. 574;
taken by the Crusaders (1204), vi. 629,
803; by the Turks (1453), xvii. 484;
xxm. 642; Renaissance dates from its
capture, xx. 381 ; aqueducts, n. 221;
cemeteries, v. 331; ancient libraries,
xiv. 512'; newspapers, xvn. 432;
plague in, xix. 166; its suburb, Scu
tari, xxi. 573.
, province, Turkey in Europe, xxm.
653-
, Era of, v. 714.
CONSTANTINUS CEPHALAS, compiler of
an anthology, 1 1. 103.
CONSTANTIUS I., Flavins Valerius,
Roman emperor, vi. 309; XX. 777; in
Scotland, xxi. 472.
II., Flavins Julius, Roman emperor,
xin. 768; xx. 778.
CONSTANTS, Mathematical, Tables of,
xxm. 13.
, Tidal, xxm. 366.
CONSTELLATIONS, groups of stars, n.
816; xxiv. 791.
CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY, of France,
ix. 598.
CONSTITUTION, and Constitutional Law,
vi. 309.
CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF ENG
LAND, Hallam's, xi. 393.
CONSTITUTIONALISM, Metternich's op
position to, xvi. 20 1.
CONSTITUTIONNEL, Le, Paris news
paper, xvii. 426.
CONSTITUTION OF BODIES, vi. 310.
CONSTITUTION OF ENGLAND, De-
lolme's work, vn. 51.
CONSTITUTION OF MAN, Combe's work,
vi. 1 80.
CONSTITUTIONS, Apostolic, early
Christian work, n. 195, 196.
, of Justinian, xin. 793; XX. 712.
OF CLARENDON, vin. 372.
CONSTRAINT, in mechanics, xv. 678.
CONSTRUCTION, Principles of, in build
ing, iv. 447.
110
C 0 N — C 0 O
CONSTRUCTIVENESS, in phrenology,
xviii. 845.
CONSUBSTANTIATION, Eucharistical
doctrine, vm. 653; XV. 85; taught by
Occam, xvn. 718.
CONSUEGRA, town, Spain, vi. 313.
CONSUETUDE, in Eoman law, xx. 698.
CONSUL, commercial and legal officer
in foreign country, VI. 315; British,
precedence of, XIX. 667.
, Roman magistrate, VI. 313; XX.
735) 738, 771, 785; in the provinces,
•VTV QQ f
XIX. 005.
CONSULATE, French, ix. 612; xvn.
203.
OF THE SEA, Book of the, vi. 317;
xxi. 584.
CONSULS, The Three, in France
(1799-1800), ix. 612; xvii. 203.
CONSUMPTION, pulmonary disease,
xvni. 405, 855.
CONTADES, Louis G. E., French marshal,
ix. 589.
CONTAGION, or Infectiveness, in
pathology, xviii. 401; in case of the
plague, xix. 161.
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES (ANIMALS)
ACTS, British, xx. 158.
CONTANGO, stock exchange term, I. 92;
xxn. 557.
CONTARINI, Ambrogio, Venetian envoy
to Persia, xviii. 633.
, Andrea, doge of Venice, xxiv. 144.
CONTE, Nicolas Jacques, French pencil-
maker, xvni. 490.
CONTEMPT OF COURT, offence, vi. 318.
CONTES, La Fontaine's, xiv. 205.
DROLATIQUES, Balzac's, in. 305.
CONTI, Prince of (Arniand de Bourbon),
VI. 319.
, Gregorio (Victor IV., antipope),
xxiv. 213.
, Lothario (Pope Innocent III.),
XIII. 82.
, Michael Angelo (Pope Innocent
XIII.), xiii. 86.
, Nicolo, Italian traveller, x. 179.
CONTIGUITY, in mental association, n.
733-
CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, of American
colonies, XXIII. 737, 740, 743.
CONTINENTAL SYSTEM, of Napoleon,
XVII. 212.
CONTINUITY, Temporal, in psychology,
xx. 56.
CONTOURS, in mapping, x. 210; xxn.
709, 711.
CONTRABAND, vi. 320; xxn. 185.
CONTRABASSOON, musical instrument,
xvn. 707.
CONTRACT, in law, vi. 322; xxi. 205;
under Brehon law, IV. 253; in Eoman
law, XX. 675, 677, 692, 699; freedom
of, economic aspects of, XIX. 360; of
partnership, xvni. 330.
CONTRACTIONS, in ancient MSS.,
xvni. 164.
CONTRAST, in mental association, n.
733-
CONTRASTO, love-song, by Ciullo
d'Alcamo, xni. 499.
CONTREXEVILLE, spa, France, xvi. 433.
CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE, in law,
xvii. 316; xxin. 455.
CONTROL DEPARTMENT, British army,
11.581.
CONTUBERNIUM, in Roman marriage
law, xv. 568.
CONTUCCI, Andrea, Florentine sculptor,
xxi. 295.
CONTUSION, in surgery, xxn. 68 1, 686.
CONUBIUM, form of Roman marriage,
xv. 568; xx. 671.
CONUNDRUM, interrogative pun, xx.
549-
CONURUS, genus of birds, xvni. 322.
CONVECTION, mode of transference of
heat, xx. 212.
CONVENT, or Conventual Establish
ment, I. 10; xvi. 700; Lamaist, in
Tibet, Xiv. 499.
CONVENTICLE ACT, of 1664, in England,
vin. 348; xix. 690; of 1670, xix.
690; xx. 149.
CONVENTION, French National (1792),
ix. 604.
, International, denned, XXIII. 530.
OF PHILADELPHIA (1787), xxin.
748.
CONVENTUALS, order of monks, ix. 699.
CONVERSANO, town, Italy, vi. 324.
CONVERSATIONS-LEXICON, of Brock-
haus, vin. 203.
CONVERSION AND TROVER, in law,
xxin. 589.
CONVEYANCING, in law, vi. 324.
CONVICTS, Treatment of, xix. 747; on
ticket of leave, vi. 590; agitation
against, in Cape Colony, v. 45.
CONVITO, Dante's work, VI. 814; xni.
502.
CONVIVIUM SEU LAPITH^:, Lucian's
dialogue, xv. 44.
CONVOCATION, of Church of England,
vi. 325; vin. 380.
CONVOLVULIN, vegetable resin, xni.
547-
CONVOLVULUS BATATAS, vegetable,
xix. 596; xxiv. 727.
CONVULSIONS, in pathology, xvni.
391-
CONWAY, town, Wales, VI. 330; river,
v. 119.
, Lady, friend of Henry More, XVI.
815.
CONWAY'S CABAL, against George
Washington, xxiv. 389.
CONY, of Scripture, xii. 599.
CONYBEARE, John, English divine, VI.
330.
— , William Daniel, English geologist,
vi. 330.
COOK, Captain James, English navigator
and explorer, vi. 330; x. 189; his
discoveries in Australasia, in. 104; his
Arctic and Antarctic explorations,
xix. 319, 329; his exploration of New
Zealand, xvn. 471; of Tahiti, xxin.
24.
COOK, Prof., meteorological spectro-
scopist, xx. 256.
, Mount, New Zealand, xvn. 466.
COOKE, Thomas, telescope-maker, XXIII.
149; his micrometers, xvi. 244.
•, Sir W. F., his contributions to
telegraphy, xxin. 113.
COOKERY, vi. 331.
COOKING STOVES, xxn. 579.
COOK'S ISLANDS, or Harvey Archi
pelago, South Pacific, vi. 331.
COOKSTOWN, town, Ireland, xxin. 713.
COOK STRAIT, New Zealand, xvn. 467.
COOKTOWN, town, Queensland, XX. 172.
COOKWORTHY, William, English potter,
xix. 642.
COOLIE, or Cooly, Asiatic labourer, vi.
333; coolie emigration, vin. 175.
COOLING, Newton's law of, xx. 1 29.
COOLY (Coolie), Asiatic labourer, VI.
332; vin. 175.
COOMASSIE, capital of Ashantee, West
Africa, vi. 336; II. 68 1.
COOMPTAH, or Kumpta, town, India,
xiv. 155.
COOPER, Abraham, English painter, VI.
336.
Anthony Ashley, three earls of
Shaftesbury, xxi. 727, 731, 734.
, Sir Astley Paston, English surgeon,
vi. 336.
, Charles Henry, English historio
grapher, VI. 337.
, James Fenimore, American novel
ist, VI. 337; I. 725.
, John, English musician, XVII. 87.
COOPERAGE, handicraft, vi. 338.
CO-OPERATION, vi. 338, 218; xiv. 321;
productive and distributive, xxil.
210; agricultural, its results, I. 416;
Fourier's system, IX. 489.
CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES, in Russia,
xxi. 84.
COOPER INSTITUTE, New York, xvn.
466.
COOPER'S HILL, Denham's poem, vii. 79.
COOPER'S OBSERVATORY, Markree
Castle, Ireland, xvn. 711.
COOPER'S WELL, spa, Mississippi,
U.S.A., xvi. 436.
COORDINATES, in geometry, x. 408;
polar, x. 414; transformation of, in
surveying, xxn. 706.
COORDS, or Kurds (q.v.), tribes, Asia,
xiv. 156.
COORG, province, India, VI. 341.
COORNHERT, Dirck Volckersten, Dutch
writer, xn. 93.
COORONG, lake, South Australia, XXII.
284.
COOS BAY, town, Oregon, U.S.A., XVII.
824.
C 0 0 — C O K
111
COOSH BEHAR, or Kuch Behar, state,
India, xiv. 152.
COOT, water-fowl, VI. 341.
COOTE, Sir Eyre, British general, VI. 342.
COPAIBA, Balsam of, in. 293.
COPAL, resin, vi. 342.
COPALINE, mineral, xvi. 428.
COPAN, town, Honduras, vi. 343; ruins
of, I. 693; xxiv. 758.
COPARCENERS, in English law of in
heritance, xiii. 77.
COPE, ecclesiastical vestment, VI. 463.
, E. D., on the classification of rep
tiles, xx. 438.
, Sir John, English general, V. 426.
COPENHAGEN, capital of Denmark, vi.
343; population, xxiv. 771; ix. 614;
battle of (1801), xvn. 323; academy,
I. 73; libraries, Xiv. 532, 549; news
papers, xvii. 430; observatory, xvn.
715; university, XXlll. 842.
FIELDS, London, xiv. 828.
COPEPODA, group of crustaceans, VI.
664 ; in Lankester's classification, XXI v.
813-
COPERNICAN SYSTEM, n. 778.
COPERNICIA CERIFERA, wax-yielding
palm, xviii. 191.
COPERNICUS, Nicolaus, German astro
nomer, VI. 346; his astronomical
system, n. 752, 778 ; his theory of the
earth's rotation anticipated, VI. 729;
on the lunar theory, xvi. 800; his
treatise on money, XIX. 356; on trigo
nometry, xxiii. 562.
COPHO, mediaeval writer on medicine,
xv. 806.
COPIAPITE, mineral, xvi. 401.
COPIAPO, town, Chili, vi. 346.
COPING, in architecture, II. 462; IV.
464.
COPLEY, John Singleton, historical
painter, vi. 347.
, John Singleton (Lord Lyndhurst),
lord chancellor of England, xv. 106.
COPNICK, town, Prussia, xiv. 139.
COPPER, metal, chemical element, vi.
347; XVI. 382; chemistry of, v. 528;
cyanide of, xx. 23; sulphate of, xxu.
637 ; sulphate in electrotyping, VIII.
115; spectrum of, xxu. 376; strength
of, xxii. 603; as a poison, xix. 278;
constituent of brass, IV. 217 ; of
bronze, iv. 366; as alloy of silver,
XXII. 71; in pig iron, Xlll. 284; ores
of, xvi. 58; dressing of ores, xvi. 466;
deposits or mines in Australia, ill.
109 ; in Bolivia, iv. 14; in Brazil, iv.
224; California, iv. 702; in Chili, v.
622; in China, v. 639; in Cuba, vi.
680 ; in Cyprus, VI. 747 ; in Cornwall,
England, vi. 425; in India, xn. 765;
in Ireland, Xlll. 218; in Japan, xiii.
572; in Newfoundland, xvn. 384; in
New South Wales, xvn. 409; in Phi
lippine Islands, xvm. 749; in Queens
land, xx. 173; in Russia, xxi. 85;
XXIV. 5; in Michigan, U.S.A., XVI.
239; in Missouri, U.S.A., xvi. 525;
production of, XVI. 467 ; production
in England, Vlll. 229; production in
United States, xxin. 816.
COPPERAS, mineral, vi. 352 ; xvi.
401.
COPPER-GLANCE, mineral, xvi. 391.
COPPER MINING, xvi. 452.
COPPERNIN, English dwarf, Vii. 568.
COPPERPLATE ENGRAVING, vm. 439.
COPPER PYRITES, mineral, xx. 129.
COPPER SMELTING, at Swansea, xxu.
733-
COPPER WIRE, xxiv. 615.
COPPET, Switzerland, Madame de Stael's
residence, xxii. 439.
COPPICE, or Copse, Culture of, n. 319.
COPROLITES, Fossil, vi. 353; as manure,
I. 348; xvm. 818.
COPRONYMUS (Constantine V.), Byzan
tine emperor, XII. 713.
COPTIC CHURCH, Egypt, xx. 631.
COPTIC LANGUAGE, vn. 721 ; xvm.
778; dictionaries of, vn. 192.
COPTIC MONASTERY, Plan of a, i. 11.
COPTOS, ancient town, Egypt, vi. 355.
COPTS, Egyptian people, vi. 354; I. 260;
vil. 728.
COPULATION, of animals, xx. 410.
COPYHOLD, land tenure, VI. 355; XIV.
264; xx. 307; its relation to feu
dalism, IX. 122; surrender of, xxii.
692 ; copyhold rents, xx. 402.
COPYRIGHT, vi. 356; xix. 710; inter
national, I. 720; English Acts relating
to, xiv. 541.
COQUEREL, Athanase Josue", French
Protestant theologian, VI. 367.
, Athanase Laurent Charles, French
Protestant theologian, VI. 368.
COQUES, Gonzalez, Flemish painter, vi.
368.
COQUET, river, Northumberland, Eng
land, xvii. 565.
COQUILLA NUT, xvn. 665.
COQUILLART, Guillaume, early French
writer, ix. 648.
COQUIMBITE, mineral, xvi. 401.
COQUIMBO, province, Chili, v. 617.
CORA, Greek myth of, xvn. 127.
(Cori), ancient town, Italy, vi. 368;
temple at, n. 418.
CORACIAS, genus of birds, XX. 627.
CORAIS, Adamantios, Greek scholar, XL
151.
CORAL ISLANDS AND REEFS, xix. 420,
421; theories of their formation, vi.
377; xvm. 128.
CORALLIGENA, subdivision of Actinozoa,
I. 129.
CORALLINE, dye, v. 86.
CORAL ROCK, x. 238; in Kentucky,
U.S.A., xiv. 42.
CORALS, or Coral Animals, vi. 369; I.
129; fisheries, VI. 387; Italian fisheries,
xin. 455.
CORAM, Thomas, English philanthropist,
vi. 388.
CORANGAMITE, lake, Victoria, Australia,
xxiv. 216.
COR ANGLAIS, musical instrument,
xvn. 706.
CORANTYN, river, Guiana, XI. 250.
CORARIO, Angelo (Pope Gregory XII.),
XL 178.
CORAX, of Syracuse, rhetorician, xx.
508.
CORAY, Adamantius, Greek scholar, vi.
oQQ
308.
CORAZON, mountain, Ecuador, vn. 645.
CORBEIL, town, France, VI. 388; XXI.
625.
Gilles de, mediaeval writer on
medicine, XV. 806.
CORBEL, in architecture, n. 462.
CORBIE MONASTERY, Picardy, Library
of, xiv. 513.
CORBIERES, mountains, France, xx.
125.
CORBILO (St Nazaire), ancient town,
France, xxi. 187.
CORBUEIL (Francis Villon), French poet,
xxiv. 232; ix. 647.
CORBULO, Domitius, Roman commis
sioner to the Parthians, xvm. 602.
CORCHORUS, genus of plants, xin.
798-
CORCOBADO, island, Peru, xvni. 671.
CORCYRA (Corfu), island, Greece, vi.
395; xin. 205; coins of, XVII. 641.
CORD, Manufacture of, xx. 845.
CORDAY D' ARMANS, Marie Anne Char
lotte, assassin of Marat, VI. 388 ; IX.
606; xv. 527.
CORDELIER, rope-spinning machine, XX.
844.
CORDELIERS, Franciscan monks, vi. 389;
ix. 698.
, French Revolutionists, VI. 389.
CORDERIUS (Mathurin Cordier), French
writer, vi. 389; his Colloquies as a
school book, xxi. 751.
CORDIALS, liqueurs, xiv. 686.
CORDIER, Mathurin, French writer, vi.
389; his Colloquies, xxi. 751.
CORDIERE, La Belle (Louise Labe),
French poetess, ix. 651.
CORDIERITE, mineral, XVI. 418.
CORDILLERAN SYSTEM, North America,
xxin. 796.
CORDILLERAS, of the Andes, i. 670; n.
15; in Ecuador, vn. 644.
CORDOBA, town, Argentine Republic,
vi. 390.
CORDOVA, province, Spain, xxii. 298.
, town, Spain, VI. 389 ; mosque at,
xvi. 864; xxii. 310.
, or Cordoba, town, Argentine Re
public, VI. 390; observatory at, XVII.
716.
, town, Mexico, vi. 390.
CORDUBA (Cordova), ancient town,
Spain, vi. 390.
112
C O R — C 0 R
CORE, Magnetic, xv. 252.
COREA, kingdom, Asia, vi. 390; language
of, xviii. 779; xxiv. 3; dictionaries
of language, vn. 192.
COREGGIO, or Correggio, Antonio Al-
legri, Italian painter, vi. 437 ; xxi.
437, 443-
COREGONUS, genus of fishes, XL 346;
XIX. 402, 650; XXI. 221, 223; XXIV.
137, 552.
CORELLI, Arcangelo, Italian musical
composer, vi. 394; xvn. 93.
CORENTIN, St, bishop of Cornouailles,
France, xx. 181.
CORENZIO, Belisario, Greek Neapolitan
painter, vi. 395; xx. 532.
CORFU, island, Greece, vi. 395; xm. 205;
town, vi. 396.
CORI, town, Italy, vi. 368.
CORIANDER, plant and fruit, vi. 396;
xii. 289.
CORIANDOLI, in Koniau carnival, v.
124.
CORIGLIANO, town, Italy, vi. 396.
CORINGA, town, India, vi. 396.
CORINNA, Greek poetess, vi. 397.
CORINNE, Madame de Stael's novel,
xxii. 441.
CORINTH, town, ancient Greece, vi. 397;
coins of, xvii. 642 ; slaves in, xxn.
130; St Paul at, xviii. 420.
CORINTHIAN ARCHITECTURE, Greek
order, n. 407; Roman order, II. 415;
inventor of the column in, IV. 709.
CORINTHIANS, Epistles to the, vi.
399; xviii. 421.
, Third Epistle to the, apocryphal
book, xviii. 423.
CORIOLANUS, Caius Marcius, Roman
patrician, vi. 401.
, Shakespeare's play, xxi. 764.
CORIOLI, ancient town, Italy, vi. 402.
CORITANI, early British tribe, xiv. 655;
xvii. 556.
CORK, bark of tree, VI. 402; formation
of, xii. 17; the tree, xvii. 694; in
Portugal, XIX. 538; in Tunis, XXIII.
620.
, county, Ireland, vi. 402; popula
tion and representation, xxui. 727.
, town, Ireland, vi. 405 ; library,
xiv. 524; observatory, xvii. 711;
Queen's College at, xxm. 855.
, Earl of (Richard Boyle), English
statesman, iv. 183.
AND ORRERY, Earl of (John Boyle),
English writer, iv. 183.
CORKWING, fish, XXIV. 686.
CORLEAR, early Dutch settler, New
York, xvii. 454.
CORLEONE, town, Italy, vi. 406.
CORLISS STEAM - ENGINE, xx. 507,
514.
CORM, of plants, iv. 98; xx. 423.
CORMAC, Irish king, XIII. 246.
CORMENIN, Vicomte de, French jurist,
vi. 406.
CORMONTAIGNE, Louis de, French mili
tary engineer, vi. 407.
CORMOPHYTA, division of vegetable
kingdom, III. 694.
CORMORANT, bird, vi. 407.
CORMORNE, musical instrument, xvii.
70S-
CORN, British trade in, vi. 413.
, local thickening of the skin, XXll.
121.
-, Indian (Maize), XV. 309.
CORNALIA, Corpuscles of, parasites in
silkworms, xxii. 59.
CORNARIUS, Janus, German physician,
xv. 808.
CORNARO, Luigi, Italian writer, VI.
417.
CORNAVll, ancient British tribe, XXI.
648.
CORNAY, Joseph Emile, on classification
of birds, xviii. 29, 35.
CORN-BRUISER, agricultural implement,
I. 326.
CORN BURY, Lord, governor of New
Jersey, U.S.A., xvii. 398.
CORN CRAKE, bird, vi. 543; xx. 222.
CORN-CRUSHER, agricultural imple
ment, I. 326; primitive, IX. 343.
CORNEA, of the eye, vm. 817; i. 886;
diseases of the, xvii. 781.
CORNEILLE, Mont, France, XX. 118.
, Pierre, French dramatist, VI. 417;
vii. 424; ix. 658; xx. 206.
-, Thomas, French dramatist, VI. 421 ;
IX. 658; his Dictionnaire des Arts et
des Sciences, vm. 194.
CORNELIA, mother of the Gracchi, vi.
421.
CORNELIUS, Peter von, German painter,
vi. 421; xiv. 16.
- O'DOWD (Charles Lever), Papers
by, XIV. 486.
CORNELLI, Vincenzo Maria, his Biblio-
teca Universale, vm. 195.
CORNELL UNIVERSITY, at Ithaca, New
York, U.S.A., xxm. 857.
CORNET, musical instrument, xxiv.
787; ix. 351.
CORNETO, town, Italy, vi. 423; vm.
634-
CORN FLOUR, xv. 310.
CORNHERT, Theodore, Dutch writer, VI.
423-
CORNICE, in architecture, II. 462.
CORNISH DIALECT, v. 298; dictionaries
of, vii. 1 88.
CORNISH LITERATURE, ancient, v.
323-
CORN-LAW RHYMES, by Elliott, vm.
149.
CORN LAWS, English, vi. 408; ix. 754;
their effect on agriculture, I. 304;
agitation against, vm. 366; repeal of,
vi. 84; xviii. 457.
CORN-MILDEW, XVI. 293.
CORNO, Monte, Italy, II. 170; xm.
437-
CORNO DI BASSETTO, musical instru
ment, xvii. 708.
CORNOUAILLES, Counts of, France, xx.
181.
CORN-SALAD, vegetable, xii. 281.
CORN THRIPS, insect, xxiv. 534.
CORN TRADE, British, vi. 413; early
laws regarding, I. 298.
CORNU, Roman trumpet, XXIII. 592.
, A., his simplification of dili'raction
problems, xxiv. 444.
CORNUS, genus of plants, VII. 342.
CORNUTUS, L. Amuxnis, Roman Stoic
philosopher, VI. 423; xviii. 662.
CORNWALL, county, England, vi. 424;
population and representation, xxm.
727; ancient remains, XXI. 51; Celtic
language of, v. 298; Celtic literature,
v. 323; fisheries, IX. 253; miracle plays
in, vn. 414; serpentine rocks of, XXL
683.
CORNWALLIS, First Marquis, British
general, vi. 428 ; in American War,
xxm. 744; governor-general of India,
xii. 803, 805.
CORNWALLITE, mineral, XVI. 405.
CORN WEEVIL, wheat pest, xxiv.
536.
CORO, town, Venezuela, VI. 428.
CORODY, Right of, obsolete prerogative
of English crown, XIX. 672.
COROLLA, of plants, iv. 132.
COROMANDEL COAST, India, VI. 428.
CORONA, envelope of the sun, vi. 428;
xxii. 645, 647; ii. 789; XL 398; xiv.
597; xxiv. 435.
CORONADO, F. Vasquez-de, Spanish ex
plorer, xvii. 309, 401.
CORONATION, vi. 429.
— ISLAND, Antarctic Ocean, xvii.
407.
OATH, England, xvii. 701.
CORONEA, Greece, Battle of (394 P,.C.),
xxm. 229.
CORONELLI, Vincenzio, Italian geogra
pher, vi. 430.
CORONER, officer of the law, VI. 430.
CORONER'S JURY, xm. 786.
CORONET, in heraldry, XL 711; ducal,
vn. 519.
COROT, Jean Baptiste Camille, French
painter, VI. 431.
COROZO NUT, or Vegetable Ivory, xm.
525; xvii. 664.
CORPANCHO, Manuel Nicolas, Peruvian
poet, xviii. 676.
CORPI SANTI, suburb of Milan, Italy,
xvi. 290.
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT, Law of,xxm.
465.
CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA, CORPORA
STRIATA, in the brain, I. 872; xix.
37-
CORPORATION, vi. 432; in United
States, xxm. 785.
CORPORATION-SOLE, xviii. 296.
CORPULENCE, vi. 435 ; in pathology,
C 0 R — C 0 S
113
xvili. 389; diet for reduction of, vil.
204.
CORPUS CHRISTI, church festival, vi.
436.
CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE, Cambridge,
iv. 731-
CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE, Oxford,
xvin. 96.
CORPUSCLES, Blood, i. 845.
, Ultramundane, in Le Sage's atomic
theory, ill. 46.
CORPUSCULAR THEORY, of light, xiv.
580, 598.
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM GR^CARUM,
XIII. 122.
CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM LATINARUM,
XIIL 127.
CORPUS JURIS, of Justinian, XIII. 794.
CORPUS JURIS CANONICI, v. 18.
CORREA, greenhouse plant, xn. 263.
DA SERRA, Jose Francisco, Portu
guese politician and scientist, vi. 436.
CORRECTION, Houses of, xix. 748.
CORREGGIO, Antonio Allegri, Italian
painter, VI. 437; xxi. 437, 443.
CORRESPONDENCE, in geometry, x.
392.
CORREZE, department, France, vi. 438.
CORRIB, Lough, Ireland, x. 55; xill.
216; xv. 650.
CORRICHIE, Scotland, Battle of (1562),
xv. 595.
CORRIE, mountain recess, xxi. 525.
CORRIENTES, town, Argentine Republic,
vi. 439.
CORRIEVRECKAN, whirlpool, Scotland,
xxiv. 542.
CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE, a chloride of
mercury, xvi. 33 ; as poison, XIX.
277.
CORRUPT PRACTICES PREVENTION
ACT (1854), iv. 278.
CORRY, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., vi.
439-
CORSICA, island, Mediterranean, vi.
439; xill. 440; xv. 820; dialect of,
XIIL 494; ceded to ancient Rome, XX.
748; its connexion with France, XVII.
193; under Theodore I., xvn. 362.
CORSINI, Lorenzo (Pope Clement XII.),
v. 823.
, Marietta, wife of Machiavelli, xv.
147.
CORSINIE^E, class of liverworts, xvn.
69.
CORSLET, defensive armour, vi. 692.
CORSOTHE, town, Mesopotamia, xvi.
48.
CORSSEN, Wilhelm Paul, German philo
logist, vi. 440.
CORT, Cornelius, Dutch engraver, vi.
441.
CORTAILLOD, town, Switzerland, xvii.
362.
CORTE NOVA, town, Italy, xvn. 608.
CORTE-REAL, family of Portuguese
navigators, vi. 441.
CORTES, Spanish legislature, XXII. 303.
, Hernan, conqueror of Mexico, VI.
441; I. 707; X. 182.
, Martin, his Art of Navigation,
xvii. 252.
CORTHOL, musical instrument, xvii.
705.
CORTI, Rods of, in the ear, I. 894 ; vn.
593-
CORTICATA, division of Protozoa, xix.
852.
CORTICINE, floorcloth, xiv. 676.
CORTICIUM CANDELABRUM, species of
sponge, xxil. 414.
CORTONA, town, Italy, vi. 442 ; vin.
635.
, Luca da, Italian painter, xxn.
50.
CORTOREAL, Gaspar, explorer of New
foundland, xvn. 385.
CORUISK, Loch, Skye, Scotland, xxil.
127.
CORUNA, province, Spain, xxil. 298 ;
town, VI. 443.
CORUNDOPHYLLITE, mineral, XVI. 414.
CORUNDUM, mineral, xvi. 385 ; xxi.
47 ; deposits of, in North Carolina,
U.S.A., xvii. 560.
CORUNNA, or Coruua, town, Spain, vi.
443; battle of (1809), XVI. 805; Lord
Paget at, 1 1. 31.
CORVARA, Pietro di (Nicholas V., anti-
pope), xvii. 484.
CORVEY, Benedictine abbey, Saxony, vi.
443; library of, XIV. 513.
CORVID.E, family of birds, vi. 617 ;
XVIII. 48.
CORVINUS, John Hunyady, king of
Hungary, xn. 367, 368; xxin. 642.
-, Marcus Valerius Messala, friend
and patron of Tibullus, xxi 1 1. 348.
-, Matthias, of Hungary, XII. 367,
368; xv. 634; library of, xiv. 515.
CORVISART-DESMARETS, Baron de,
French physician, VI. 443; xv. 816.
CORVO, island, Azores, in. 172.
CORVUS, genus of birds, VI. 617; XIII.
532; XX. 295, 842.
, M. Valerius, Roman general, VI.
444.
CORY, Giles, executed for witchcraft, in
U.S.A., xxiv. 622.
CORYATT, Thomas, English writer, vi.
444-
CORYBANTES, in Greek mythology, vi.
444.
CORYLUS, genus of trees, XL 548.
CORYPHAEUS, leader of chorus, in Greek
tragedy, VI. 444.
CORYPHODON, fossil ungulate mammal,
xv. 426.
CORYTH^EOLA, genus of birds, xxin.
487.
CORYTHUS, or Cortona, ancient town,
Italy, vi. 443.
Cos, island, Asia Minor, vi. 444; ancient
aqueduct at, n. 219; coins of, xvn.
647; Greek school of medicine at, xv.
800.
COSCAROBA, bird, xxn. 732.
COSCINOMANCY, divining with a sieve,
VIL 293; xvn. 818.
COSECANT, in trigonometry, xxin. 563.
COSEGUINA, volcano, Nicaragua, xvn.
477-
COSENZA, town, Italy, VI. 445; province,
iv. 651.
COSIMO I. (dei Medici), grand-duke of
Tuscany, xv. 789.
II., of Tuscany, xv. 792.
III., of Tuscany, xv. 793.
DEI MEDICI (the Elder), ruler of
Florence, xv. 784; ix. 138.
COSIN, John, bishop of Durham, VI. 445;
as hymn-writer, XII. 592.
COSINE, in trigonometry, XXJIL 563.
COSLIN, town, Prussia, xiv. 143.
COSMAS, Byzantine hymn-writer, XL 146.
, surnamed Indicopleustes, ancient
geographer, vi. 445; x. 177.
of Prague, Bohemian historian, vi.
446.
COSMATI, family of architects and
sculptors, Rome, XX. 834.
COSMO DE' MEDICI. See Cosimo.
COSMOGONY, vi. 446; Chaldean, in.
193; myths of, I. 460; XVII. 143, 156;
of the Stoics, xxn. 564.
COSMOGRAPHY, Heylin's, XL 785.
COSMOLOGICAL THEISM, XXIII. 248.
COSMOLOGY, Parmenides's, xvin. 315;
Philo's, XVIII. 762; Pythagorean, XX.
139-
COSMOS, Humboldt's work, XII. 345.
, Anaxagoras's theory of the, II. i;
Kepler's, xiv. 47.
COSNE, town, France, vi. 448; xvn.
496.
COSSA, Balthasar (Pope John XXIII.),
xin. 712.
, Luigi, Italian economist, xix. 394.
COSSACKS, Russian tribes, VI. 448; V.
263; xxi. 79; origin of the name, xiv.
95; in Russian army, n. 610.
COSSIMBAZAR, town, India, xiv. 14.
COSSYA HILLS (Khasi Hills), district,
India, xiv. 58.
COSSYRA, island, Mediterranean, xvin.
214.
COSTA, Lorenzo, Italian painter, xxi.
437, 443-
COST/E, or Ribs, Anatomy of, I. 822.
COSTAL JOINTS, Anatomy of, i. 835.
CoSTAMBONE(Kastamuni), town, Asiatic
Turkey, xiv. 14.
COSTANZO, Angelo di, Italian historian,
vi. 451.
COSTA RICA, republic, Central America,
VI. 449; Indian tribes in, xn. 828,"
newspapers, xvn. 437.
COSTE, Jean J. C. V., on embryology,
vin. 166, 167.
COSTELLO, Dudley, English journalist,
VI. 451.
XXV. — 15
114
C 0 S — C 0 U
COSTELLO, Louisa Stuart, English writer,
vi. 451.
COSTER, Laurens, Dutch printer, XIV.
143; XXIII. 689, 691.
, Samuel, Dutch writer, xil. 94.
COSTERMONGERS, in London, xiv. 829.
COSTILLA, mountain, New Mexico,
U.S.A., xvii. 399.
COSTNITZ, or Constance (q.v.) town,
Baden, vi. 297.
COSTS, Legal, vi. 451.
COSTUME, vi. 453; Celtic, v. 801;
Egyptian, VII. 723; early Irish, xin.
254; Persian, XVIII. 630.
COSTUS, incense, XII. 718.
COTA, Eodrigo, Spanish poet, vi. 479;
vii. 420.
COTAN (Khotan), district and town,
Turkestan, Xiv. 67.
COTANGENT, in trigonometry, xxni.
A563.
COTE D' OR, department, France, vi. 479.
COTENTIN, district, Normandy, France,
xv. 458; xvn. 540.
COTES, Roger, English mathematician,
VI. 479; his Logometria, XVII. 256;
Newton's correspondence with, xvii.
447-
COTES-DU-NORD, department, France,
VI. 479.
COTESWOLD HILLS, Gloucestershire,
England, X. 687.
GOTHAM STONE, or Landscape Marble,
xv. 529.
COTHEN, town, Germany, xiv. 144.
COTILE, genus of birds, XV. 581.
COTOCACHI, mountain, Ecuador, vn.
645.
COTOPAXI, volcano, Ecuador, vi. 480;
vn. 644.
COTRONE, town, Italy, vi. 616.
COTSWOLD SHEEP, i. 392.
COTTA, Johann Friedrich, German theo
logian, VI. 480.
, Johann Georg, German publisher,
vi. 480.
VON COTTENDORF, Georg, German
publisher, vi. 481.
VON COTTENDORF, Johann Fried-
rich, German publisher, VI. 480; XVII.
428.
COTTABATO, volcano, Philippines, xvni.
749-
COTTABUS, Greek game, VI. 481.
COTTAGERS OF GLENBURNIE, Mrs
Hamilton's story, XL 415.
COTTAGE SYSTEM, for farm labourers,
in Scotland, I. 409.
COTTBUS, town, Prussia, xiv. 144.
COTTENDORF, Cotta von, German pub
lishers, vi. 480. See Cotta.
COTTEREAU, Jean, French royalist, V.
686.
COTTIAN ALPS, I. 623.
COTTIN, Sophie, French novelist, VI. 481.
COTTIUS, chief of Segusio (Susa), Italy,
xxii. 722.
COTTON, vi. 482; of Brazil, iv. 227;
of Egypt, VII. 708, 786; of India, xil.
748; bleaching of, III. 812; growth of,
in Bombay, IV. 23; in the United
States, xxni. 824; in Georgia, U.S.A.,
x. 435; manufacture of, vi. 487;
manufacture in England, vill. 230;
in India, xil. 761, 763; in Russia,
xxi. 849; at Lowell, U.S.A., xv.
29 ; dyeing of red colours on, VII.
576.
•, Charles, English writer, VI. 508;
his share in the Compleat Angler,
xxiv. 342.
— , George Edward Lynch, bishop of
Calcutta, vi. 508.
-, John, New England Puritan, Xil.
726.
, Sir Robert Brace, political writer
and founder of Cottonian library, vi.
509.
, Stapleton, Viscount Combermere,
vi. 181.
FIBRE, ix. 133.
COTTONIAN LIBRARY, in British
Museum, VI. 509.
COTTONIAN MSS., British Museum,
xiv. 515.
COTTON PAPER, xvni. 218.
COTTON-SEED CAKE, xvn. 739.
COTTON-SEED OIL, xvn. 745.
COTTON-SPINNING, Robert Owen's im
provements in, xvin. 87.
COTTON-SPINNING FRAME, Invention
of, n. 541.
COTTONSTONE, mineral, xvi. 423.
COTTON-WOOD, tree, XIX. 512.
COTTON YARNS, xxiv. 731.
COTTUS, genus of fishes, xvi. 320.
COTUNNITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
COTURNIX, genus of birds, XX. 146.
COTYLE, Greek measure, xxiv. 485.
COTYLEDONS, in plants, iv. 92, 156.
COTYLOPHORA, group of ungulate
mammals, xv. 430.
COTYORA, town, Asia Minor, xix.
459-
COTYS, Thracian kings, vi. 509.
COUAGGA (Quagga), ungulate mammal,
xx. 146.
COUCH, fish, xxi. 223.
COUCHES, furniture, ix. 850.
COUGHING, abnormal respiration, xx.
479-
COUGOUAR, carnivorous mammal, xv.
435; xx. 104.
COULANGES, Christophe cle, Abbe" de
Livry, XXI. 703.
COULOMB, Charles Augustin, French
physicist, VI. 509; his contributions to
the science of electricity, vi 1 1. 9, 18; to
science of magnetism, XV. 237, 249.
, electrical unit of measurement,
xxni. 116.
COULTER, Loch, Stirlingshire, Scotland,
xxii. 553.
COULTERNEB, bird, XX. IOI.
COUMARIN, perfume, xvni. 526.
COUNCIL, Ecclesiastical, vi. 510; list of
oecumenical councils, vi, 511.
, Municipal, xvn. 27.
, Vatican (1869-70), xxiv. no.
BLUFFS, town, Iowa, U.S.A., vi.
512.
OF BASEL (1431-43), in. 409.
OF CONSTANCE (1414-18), vi.
297.
OF TEN, Venetian, xxiv. 143.
— OF TRENT (1545-63); xxni. 543;
Sarpi's History of, xxi. 312.
COUNT, title, vi. 512; xxni. 418;
German, xvni. 461.
COUNTERPOINT, in music, xvn. 82.
COUNTERSCARP, in fortification, ix.
422.
COUNTESS, title, vi. 512; vn. 595.
COUNT JULIAN, Landor's tragedy, xiv.
278.
COUNTRY WIFE, The, Wycherley's play,
xxiv. 706.
COUNTY, administrative area, vi. 512;
origin of, in England, vin. 273 ;
American, xxni. 731, 827.
COURT, Jurisdiction of, vi. 513.
COUP D' ETAT,of Louis Napoleon(i85i),
xvn. 228.
COUP DE SOLEIL, or Sunstroke, xxn.
666.
COURAYER, Pierre Frangois le, French
theologian, vi. 514.
COURBARIL, tree, n. 55.
COURIER, of ambassador, I. 658 ;
Government, Xix. 562.
, Paul Louis, French writer, VI. 514;
ix. 673.
COURLAN, bird, XX. 223.
COURLAND, province, Russia, vi. 515;
xxi. 69.
COURNOT, Augustin, French economist,
xix. 386.
COURONS, tribe, Lithuania, xiv. 702.
COURS, town, France, xx. 529.
COURSER, bird, xix. 228.
COURSING, with greyhounds, vi. 515.
COURT, COURTS, Judicial, vi. 516; of
appeal, II. 209; of summary jurisdic
tion, XXII. 641; English, vin. 261;
records of English, xx. 311; Federal,
United States, xxni. 750; Moslem,
XVI. 591.
, Contempt of, VI. 318.
, Antoine, French Protestant, VI.
519; XIX. 695; missionary of the
Camisards, IV. 744.
DE GEBELIN, Antoine, French
scholar, VI. 520.
COURTESY TITLES, British, xix. 665.
COURT FOOLS, ix. 366.
COURTHOSE, Robert, founder of New-
castle-on-Tyne, XVII. 379.
COURT MARTIAL, vi. 517; xvi. 297.
COURTNEY, William, archbishop of
Canterbury, XXIV. 711.
COURT OF LOVE, by Chaucer, v. 451.
C 0 U — C R A
115
COURT OF SESSION, in Scotland, xxi.
535-
COURTOIS, Jaques and Guillaume,
French painters, VI. 520.
COURTRAI, town, Belgium, vi. 520;
battle of (1302), ix. 544.
COURTS. See Court.
COURTSHIP OF MILES STANDISH,
Longfellow's poem, XI v. 86 1.
COUSA, or Phalanger, marsupial mam
mal, xvm. 727.
COUSIN, Victor, French philosopher, vi.
521; ix. 674.
COUSTOU, Nicholas and Guillaume,
French sculptors, VI. 528.
COUTANCES, town, France, VI. 529;
district, xvil. 539.
COUTHON, Georges, French Revolu
tionist, vi. 529; xx. 604.
COUTTS, Thomas, English banker, VI.
529.
COVELLINE, mineral, xvi. 393.
COVENANT, Book of the, Pentateuchal,
xvm. 509.
, National (1638), in Scotland, XI.
651; xxi. 512.
, Solemn League and, in Scotland
(1643), vi. 530; xxi. 513.
COVENANTERS, in Scottish history, vi.
529; xix. 682; xxi. 515; persecution
of, by Claverhouse, vn. 537.
COVENT GARDEN MARKET, London,
xiv. 829, 847.
COVENTRY, town, England, vi. 530;
population, XXIV. 379; ribbons of,
xx. 532.
CHAIR, driven as tricycle, xxm.
560.
PLAYS, English miracle-plays, vn.
414.
COVE OF CORK (Queenstown), town,
Ireland, XX. 175.
COVERDALE, Miles, translator of
English Bible, VI. 531; his version,
viii. 385.
COVERED WAY, in engineering, xxm.
622; in fortification, IX. 445.
COVILHA, town, Portugal, vi. 531; xix.
537-
COVILHAM, Pedro de, Portuguese
traveller, I. 65; x. 180.
COVINGTON, town, Kentucky, U.S.A.,
vi. 531; XVIL 406.
Cow, Milch, management of, I. 390; vi.
768; diseases of, XXIV. 204; milk of,
xvi. 303; respect paid to, by Hindus,
iv. 211 ; by Zoroastrians, xxiv. 822.
, The, statue by Myron, XVII. 120.
COWELL, John, English jurist, VI. 531.
COWES, West and East, towns, Isle of
Wight, vi. 531.
COWEY STAKES, in Thames, Middlesex,
England, xvi. 281.
COWLEY, Abraham, English poet, vi.
532; vin. 418.
COW-PARSNIP, as forage plant, i. 378.
COWPER, William, English poet, vi. 533:
his friendship with John Newton,
XVII. 449; hymns by, xil. 594; hi
place in English literature, viii. 429.
COWPER, William, anatomist, I. 813.
COWPER'S WRITING - TELEGRAPH,
xxm. 121.
Cow-Pox, xm. 623; xxiv. 25, 204.
COWRY, shell and money, vi. 535, 766.
COWSLIP, plant, xix. 737.
Cows OF ATHOR, in Egyptian
mythology, III. 14.
Cox, David, English painter, VI. 535.
-, Richard, bishop of Ely, VI. 537.
COXCIE, Michael, Flemish painter, vi.
537-
Coxcox, the Mexican Noah, xvi. 209.
COXE, William, archdeacon, English
writer, VI. 537.
COXON, John, buccaneer, IV. 410.
COXWELL, Henry T., aeronaut, I. 193.
COYNE AND LIVERY, right of free
quarters, in Ireland, xm. 262.
COYPEL, family of French painters, vi.
537-
COYPU, rodent mammal, XV. 420; XVI.
301.
COYSEVOX, or Coyzevox, Charles An-
toine, French sculptor, VI. 537; XXI.
563-
CRAB, crustacean, vi. 538, 655; sperma
tozoon of, xx. 411; fisheries, ix. 265.
CRABBE, George, English poet, vi. 539.
CRAB ISLAND, West Indies, xxiv. 261.
CRAB ORCHARD, spa, Kentucky, U.S.A.,
xvi. 436.
GRACING, group of birds, VI. 709.
CRACKER, in pyrotechny, xx. 136.
CRACKNELS, biscuits, in. 252.
CRACOW, town, Austrian Poland, vi.
540; university of, XIX. 300, 306;
xxm. 840, 851.
CRADLE MOUNTAIN, Tasmania, xxm.
72.
CRAFT-GUILDS, vi. 39; XL 261.
CRAFTSMAN, The, Amhurst's news
paper, i. 738; xx. 104.
CRAFTSMEN, as distinct from labourers,
xiv. 1 66.
CRAIG, John, Scottish Reformer, VI. 541.
•, Dr John, friend of Napier, xvu.
182.
, Sir Thomas, Scottish jurist and
poet, vi. 541; xvu. 177; xxi. 543.
CRAIGENTINNY MEADOWS, Edinburgh,
Sewage irrigation of, I. 374.
CRAIGNETHAN CASTLE, Lanark, Scot
land, xiv. 251.
CRAIK, George Lillie, English writer,
vi. 542.
CRAIL, town, Scotland, vi. 542.
CRAJOVA, town, Roumania, xiv. 146.
CRAKE, bird, vi. 542; xx. 224.
CRAMALT CRAIG, mountain, Scotland,
xvm. 451.
CRAMER, Gabriel, his method of deter
minants, I. 516.
CRAMMING, for examinations, vin. 779.
CRAMP, muscular disease, vi. 543; rings
worn as preservative against, XX. 561.
CRAN, river, England, xvi. 279.
CRANACH, Lucas, German painter and
caricaturist, VI. 543 ; v. 104 ; XXI.
438, 443-
CRANBERRY, plant and fruit, VI. 545 ;
xn. 270.
CRANBORNE CHASE, Wilts, England,
xxiv. 593.
CRANBROOK, town, England, vi. 546.
CRANE, bird, vi. 546.
, hoisting machine, vi. 547.
, Francis, English tapestry designer,
xxm. 213.
DANCE, in Greece and Siberia,
xxm. 294.
CRANE-FLY, insect, vn. 256.
CRANESBILL, plant, x. 439.
CRANGANORE, town, India, xiv. 135.
CRANGON, genus of Crustacea, xxi.
846.
CRANIAD/E, family of Brachiopoda, iv.
194.
CRANIAL NERVES, i. 880; xix. 42.
CRANIATA, division of vertebrate
animals, xxiv. 181, 812.
CRANIUM, or Skull, i. 822; xxn. 113;
of American Indians, xil. 824; surgery
of, xxii. 688; successive stages of, in
the fowl, ill. 700.
CRANK-SHAFT, of steam-engine, xxii.
509.
CRANMER, Thomas, archbishopof Canter
bury, vi. 548; vin. 333, 340; XL 664;
leader of the Reformation in England,
xx. 330; his influence on the English
Church, VIII. 376.
CRANNOGS, Celtic lake dwellings, vi.
552; n. 384; xiv. 223.
GRANTOR, Greek philosopher, vi. 552.
CRANTZ, Albert, German historian, xiv.
146.
CRAON, Robert de, grand-master of
Knights Templars, xxm. 160.
CRAPE, silk fabric, vi. 553.
CRASHAW, Richard, English poet, vi.
553-
CRASSAPUILL TROUT, fish, xxi. 223.
CRASSUS, L. Calpurnius, conspirator
against the emperor Nerva, xvu. 353.
, Lucius Licinius, Roman orator,
VI- 553-
, Marcus Licinius, Roman triumvir,
VI. 554; xix. 451; xx. 763, 765; his
invasion of Mesopotamia, xvin. 596.
CRAT^EGUS, genus of plants, XL 536.
CRATER, ancient cup, xix. 180, 614.
CRATES of Athens, actor and writer of
comedies, vi. 554.
— of Mallus, grammarian and Stoic
philosopher, VI. 554; XL 43; xv. 516.
of Thebes, Cynic philosopher, VI.
554-
CRATHIS, river, Lucania, Italy, xv. 37.
CRATINUS, Greek comedian, vi. 554.
CRATIPPUS, Greek historian, vi. 554.
116
C R A — C E I
CRATIPPUS, Peripatetic philosopher, vi.
554-
CRATYLUS, Plato's dialogue, xix. 202.
CRAU, district, France, IV. 169.
CRAUFORD, Quentin, English antiquary,
vi. 554.
CRAWFORD, Earl of, his observatory,
Dun Echt, Scotland, xvn. 711.
, Thomas, American sculptor, vi.
554-
— , William Harris, American states
man, xxiii. 759, 761, 788.
— ISLAND, Sierra Leone, Africa,
xxii. 45.
CRAWFURD, John, English political
writer, VI. 555.
GRAYER, Gaspard de, Flemish painter,
vi. 555.
CRAY-FISH, crustacean, vi. 643, 658; of
Mammoth Cave, U.S.A., xv. 450.
CRAYON, material for drawing, vi.
555-
CRAZY MOUNTAINS, U.S.A., xxm.
797-
CREAM, of milk, xvi. 303, 305; clotted,
vi. 771-
OF TARTAR, chemical salt, vi.
556; xxm. 69.
CREAMOMETER, xvi. 305.
CREASOTE, or Creosote, antiseptic, drug,
and poison, vi. 556; xxm. 57.
CREATIN, or Creatine, nitrogenous car
bon compound, XVIL 519; xix. 24.
CREATION, in Arabian philosophy, n.
266; evolutionist view of, vin. 752;
myths of, xvn. 146, 156; theories of,
VI. 446.
, The, Haydn's oratorio, XL 539.
OF MAN, The, early traditions
regarding, I. 136, 137 ; myths of,
xvn. 157.
OF THE WORLD, Era of the, v.
7i3-
CREBILLON, Claude Prosper Jolyote,
French novelist, vi. 556; ix. 666.
, Prosper Jolyote de, French poet,
VI. 557; vii. 425; ix. 665.
CRECY, or Cressy, town, France, VI.
557; battle of (1346), Vii. 686; vm.
318; ix. 546.
CREDI, Lorenzo di, Italian painter, vi.
557; xxi. 435, 442.
CREDIT BANKS, in Germany, Schulze
Delitzsch's, vi. 214, 339.
CREDIT COMPANIES, in. 328.
CREDIT FONCIER, CREDIT MOBILIER,
credit banks, vi. 557.
CREDITON, town, England, vi. 558.
CREDITOR AND DEBTOR, xvm. 440 ;
in Roman law, xx. 685.
CREDNERITE, mineral, xvi. 387.
CREDOS, Sierra de, mountains, Spain,
xxii. 294.
CREECH, Thomas, English translator,
vi. 558.
CREEDS, authorized formularies of
doctrine, vi. 558.
CREEK INDIANS, North America, x.
437; xii. 828, 835.
CREEK TOWN, Calabar, West Africa,
iv. 649.
CREFELD, town, Germany, vi. 565; silk
manufacture of, xxii. 65.
CREIL, town, France, xvn. 749.
CREMA, town, Italy, vi. 565.
CREMAILLERE LINES, in fortification,
ix. 435, 437-
CREMATION, method of disposing of
human corpses, vi. 565.
CREMNA, town, Asia Minor, xix. 130.
CREMONA, province, Italy, vi. 567.
, town, Italy, VI. 567; its school of
painting, xxi. 437, 443; violin makers
of, xvn. 98.
CREMORNE, musical instrument, xxm.
489.
CRENELLE, in architecture, n. 463.
CRENIDES (Philippi), ancient town,
Macedonia, xvm. 746.
CRENILABRUS, genus of fishes, xxiv.
686.
CREOLE, vi. 567; xvn. 319.
CREON, king of Corinth, in Greek fable,
vi. 567; XIIL 596.
•, king of Thebes, in Greek fable, VI.
567.
CREOSOL, product of wood-tar distilla
tion, xxm. 57.
CREOSOTE, or Creasote, antiseptic, drug,
and poison, vi. 556; xxm. 57.
OIL, xxm. 59; as fuel, ix.
CRESCENT, The, its adoption by the
Turks as their symbol, IV. 615.
AND THE CROSS, Warburton's
work, xxiv. 367.
CRESCENTIA, Roman martyr, xxiv.
266.
CRESCENTIUS, or Crescenzio, Roman
patrician, XIIL 711; xx. 789.
CRESCENZIO, Cardinal, president of
council of Trent, XXIII. 546.
CRESCIMBENI, Giovanni Mario, Italian
poet, vi. 568; xv. 145.
CRESOL, product of wood-tar distilla
tion, xxm. 57.
CRESPHONTES, king of Messenia,
Greece, xvi. 53.
CRESPI, Daniele, Italian painter, vi.
568.
, Giovanni Battista, Italian sculptor,
vi. 568.
, Giuseppe Maria, Italian painter,
vi. 568.
CRESPY, France, Peace of (i 544), ix. 557.
CRESS, vegetable, xii. 281, 289.
, Water, plant, xvn. 239.
CRESS-SEED OIL, xvn. 744.
CRESSWELL, Sir Cresswell, English
judge, vi. 568.
CRESSY, or Crecy, town, France, vi. 557;
battle of (1346), vn. 686; vill. 318;
ix. 546.
CREST, in heraldry, XI. 709.
, town, France, vi. 568.
CRESWICK, Thomas, English painter,
vi. 568.
CRETACEOUS ROCKS, x. 357.
CRET DE LA NEIGE, mountain, Switzer
land, xin. 781.
CRETE, or Candia, island, Mediterranean,
VI. 569; xv. 820; xxm. 653; its con
nexion with Phoenicia, xvm. 805 ;
cession of, to the Turks (1669), XI.
121 ; xxiv. 147; coins of, xvn. 635,
643; Greek dialect of, XI. 133; weights
and measures, xxiv. 490.
CRETIN, Guillaume, early French writer,
ix. 647.
CRETINISM, disease, vi. 572; xin. 98;
xvm. 375, 385.
CREUSE, department, France, vi. 574.
CREUSOT, or Creuzot, town, France, VI.
575; xxi. 302.
COMPANY, France, their iron
works, xxi. 332.
CREUTZ, Gustav Philip, Count, Swedish
poet, vi. 574; xxii. 756.
CREUZER, Georg Friedrich, German
philologist, VI. 574; on mythology,
XVII. 137.
CREUZNACH, town, Prussia, xiv. 148.
CREUZOT, or Creusot, Le, town, France,
vi. 575; xxi. 302.
CREVASSES, in glaciers, x. 627.
CREVAUX, Jules, explorer of Pilcomayo
river, xix. 188.
CREVE-CCEUR, fowl, XIX. 645.
CREVIER, Jean Baptiste Louis, French
writer, VI. 575.
CREWE, town, England, vi. 575.
CREWELS, worsteds, xiv. 127.
CREX, genus of birds, xx. 222.
CRIBBAGE, game, vi.?575.
CRIBLE, method of engraving, vin. 437.
CRICETUS, genus of rodent mammals,
XL 433; xv. 419.
CRICHTON, James, The Admirable
Crichton, VI. 577.
, Sir William, Scottish chancellor,
XXI. 493.
CRICKET, game, vi. 578.
insect, vi. 578; xin. 152; mole
cricket, as wheat pest, XXI v. 534.
CRICKLADE, town, England, vi. 582;
representation, xxiv. 594.
CRIEFF, town, Scotland, vi. 582; xvm.
667.
CRIME, vi, 582; in primitive communi
ties, vni. 624; in British army, xvi.
299; juvenile, XX. 338; police action
in regard to, XIX. 334; punishment
of, Xix. 747; Roman law in relation
to, xx. 675.
CRIMEA, peninsula, Russia, vi. 585; in.
796; population of, XXIII. 70; conquest
of, by Russia (1771), xxi. 100; annexed
by Russia (1783), xxni. 647; ancient
plate found in, XIX. 182.
CRIMEAN WAR (1854), xxni. 651; i.
46; vin. 366; ix. 623; xvn. 228, 486;
xx. 220; xxi. 102; its influence on
C K I — C K O
117
Germany, x. 509; siege of Sebastopol,
xxi. 6 1 6.
CRIMINAL COURTS, England, vi. 516.
CRIMINALIS, Antonio, Jesuit missionary,
xvi. 513.
CRIMINAL LAW, vi. 587; Feuerbach on,
ix. 124.
CRIMMITZSCHAU, town, Saxony, vi.
590.
CRIMSON DYES, vu. 575; cochineal, vi.
97; kermes, xiv. 49.
CRIM (or KRIM) TATARS, xvi. 748;
xxii. 174.
CRINAN CANAL, Scotland, n. 500.
CRINOIDEA, order of Echinodermata,
vii. 635.
CRISA, or Crissa, ancient town, Greece,
vi. 590; xviii. Soi.
CRISIA EBURNEA, species of Polyzoa,
xix. 438.
CRISPIN, Le Sage's drama, xiv. 472.
— AND CRISPINIAN, Sts, vi. 590.
CRISPINUS, satirized by Juvenal, Xlll.
805.
CRISSA, ancient town, Greece, vi. 590;
xviii. 801.
CRIST ATELLA MUCEDO, species of
Polyzoa, xix. 432.
CRISTOFANO, Francesco di, Italian
painter, IX. 689.
CRISTOFORI, Bartolomeo, inventor of
pianoforte, XVII. 94; xix. 70.
CRITIAS, Greek orator and poet, vi. 591;
on the development of man, vm. 756.
-, Plato's dialogue, xix. 209.
CRITIC, The, Sheridan's play, xxi. 799.
CRITICISM, relation of Italian humanism
to, XX. 386.
CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON, Kant's
work, xin. 850.
CRITO, Plato's dialogue, xix. 199.
CRIVELLI, Carlo, Venetian painter, vi.
591; xxi. 436.
, Uberto (Pope Urban III.), xxiv.
8.
CRIVETS, north-east wind, in Roumania,
xxi. 15.
CROAGH PATRICK, mountain, Ireland,
xv. 650.
CROATIA AND SLAVONIA, crown-land,
Hungary, VI. 591.
CROATS, race of people, xxi. 688; xxii.
145.
CROBO, tribe and language, Gold Coast,
Africa, x. 756.
CROCE, Pania clella, mountain, Italy,
xiil. 438.
CROCHET, looped thread work, xiv. 127.
CROCIN, red-colouring matter, xxi.
146.
CROCKET, in architecture, n. 463.
CROCODILE, reptile, vi. 592; in Africa,
1.260; in Egypt, VII. 713; Aristotle
on, xx. 432.
(Limpopo), river, South Africa, I.
250; XXIIL 517.
CROCODILIA, order of reptiles, vi. 592;
xx. 439, 444; olfactory organs of,
xxii. 166; in Lankester's classification,
xxiv. 812. See Crocodile.
CROCOISITE, mineral, xvi. 403.
CROCUS, plant, xn. 255.
-, Autumn, plant, VI. 124.
CRCESUS, king of Lydia, vi. 594; n. 712;
XV. 99; overthrown by Cyrus, VI.
753 ; xviii. 565.
CROFT, William, English musical com
poser, vi. 594.
CROFTERS, Scottish, xxi. 531 ; xxii.
127; in Orkney and Shetland, XVIII.
847.
CROFTING, in bleaching, in. 820.
CROFTON, Sir Walter, his system of
prison discipline, XIX. 754.
CROGAN PALACE, Roscommon, Ireland,
xx. 850.
CROGHAN KINSHELA, mountain, Ire
land, xxiv. 521.
CROIX-DE-RAU (Rocroi), town, France,
xx. 6 1 6.
CROKE, Richard, early English scholar,
vm. 414.
CROKER, John Wilson, English critic,
vi. 595.
, Thomas Crofton, Irish antiquary,
VI. 595.
CROLL, James, on climate, x. 218.
CROLY, George, English divine and poet,
VI. 595.
CROMARTY, county, Scotland, vi. 596;
xx. 853; xxi. 528; town, VI. 596; xx.
854.
CROME, John, English painter, VI. 596;
xxi. 441, 444.
CROMLECH, monumental stone or circle
of stones, vi. 597; n. 383; in. 397;
xxi. 51; in Cornwall, England, vi.
427; in Wiltshire, England, in. 144;
in Ireland, VII. 383; in Peru, n. 451.
CROMMYONIAN Sow, of Greek legend,
xxni. 294.
CROMPTON, Samuel, inventor of the
spinning mule, VI. 597, 496.
CROMWELL, Oliver, Lord Protector of the
British Commonwealth, VI. 597; VIII.
347, 348; his rule in Ireland, xin.
267; his invasion of Scotland, XXI.
514; his relations with Presbyterian-
ism, xix. 689; Milton's relations with,
xvi. 332.
, Thomas, earl of Essex, vi. 604;
vm. 334; XL 664.
CRONION, sacred hill, Olympia, Greece,
xvn. 768.
CRONSTADT, town, Austria, vi. 608.
— , town, Russia, vi. 607.
CRONSTEDTITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
CRONUS, of Greek legend, xxi. 320.
CROOKED LAKE, New York, U.S.A.,
xvn. 451.
CROOKESITE, mineral, xvi. 392; xxni.
219.
CROOMEN, or Croos, Negro race, West
Africa, xiv. 149.
CROPS, Agricultural, I. 354; in Middle
Ages, I. 294 ; rotation of, I. 340 ;
Liebig's chemical analysis of, xiv.
567.
CROQUET, out-door game, vi. 608.
CROQUIS, Alfred (Daniel Maclise),
Scottish painter, xv. 165.
CROSBIE, aeronaut, I. 191.
CROSBY'S STEAM INDICATOR, xxn.
490.
CROSIER, or Crozier, archbishop's staff,
vi. 463, 614.
CROSS, instrument for inflicting capital
punishment, VI. 610 ; sacred symbol,
VI. 612; supposed relics of Christ's, VI.
611; stigmatization of, xxii. 549.
, in architecture, II. 463.
-, in heraldry, xi. 695.
CROSS-BEARINGS, of the sun, in naviga
tion, xvn. 271.
CROSSBILL, bird, vi. 614; migrations of,
in. 769.
CROSS-BRED SHEEP, i. 393.
CROSSES, Sculptured, English, xxi. 557
CROSSING OF BREEDS, of animals, iv.
246, 250.
CROSSING THE BROOK, Turner's
picture, xxni. 666.
CROSSLEY'S OBSERVATORY, Bermerside,
England, xvn. 711.
CROSSOPUS, genus of insectivorous
mammals, xv. 403; xxi. 844.
CROSSORHINUS, genus of sharks, xxi.
775-
CROSSRAGWELL, Abbot of, his disputa
tion with Kuox, xiv. 132.
CROSS - STAFF, astronomical and
nautical instrument, xvn. 251, 254,
use of, in finding latitude, X. 187.
CROTALID.E, family of snakes, xxn.
193, 198.
CROTALUS, genus of snakes, xx. 293;
xxn. 198.
CROTCH, William, English musical com
poser, VI. 615; xvn. 97.
CROTONA, or Croton, ancient town, Italy,
vi. 615; Pythagoras at, xx. 138.
CROTON AQUEDUCT, New York, U.S.A.,
11. 223; xvn. 465; tunnel, xxni.
624.
CROTON OIL, vi. 615; xvn. 744.
CROUCHBACK, Edmund, earl of Lan
caster, xiv. 255.
CROUP, disease, VI. 616; spasmodic,
XXIIL 320.
CROUSAZ, Jean Pierre de, Swiss philo
sopher, VI. 617; xxii. 798.
CROW, bird, vi. 617; xx. 842.
CROWBOROUGH BEACON, Sussex, Eng
land, xxii. 723.
CROWD, musical instrument, xxiv. 242.
CROWE, Eyre Evans, English historian,
vi. 619.
CROWLAND, town, England, vi. 619;
abbey of, xiv. 656; bridge at, iv. 331.
CROWN, of king or emperor, VI. 619.
, in heraldry, XL 710.
118
C R 0 — C U E
CROWN, Deinosthenes's oration on the,
vii. 71.
, The British, prerogatives of, XVIII.
310; xix. 672.
IMPERIAL, plant, xn. 255.
LANDS, in England, Vlll. 298.
CROWS, American-Indian tribe, xn.
832.
CROWTHER, Samuel, Negro bishop,
xvii. 498; xxiv. 754.
CROYDON, town, England, vi. 62 1 ; xxn.
694.
CROYLAND, or Crowland (q.v-), town,
England, vi. 619; bridge at, iv. 331.
CROZAT, Antoine, settler in Louisiana,
U.S.A., xv. 22.
CROZIER, archbishop's staff, VI. 463,
614.
CRUCHADE, kind of porridge, used in
Gascony, France, XVIII. 476.
CRUCIBLE MELTING FURNACE, ix. 843.
CRUCIBLE STEEL, xm. 342.
CRUCIFIX, vi. 612.
CRUCIFIXION, vi. 610; of Jesus Christ,
xm. 660, 669.
CRUDEN, Alexander, author of Concord
ance to Bible, VI. 621.
CRUIKSHANK, George, English carica
turist, v. 105.
, William, on the anatomy of the
lymphatic system, I. 815.
CRUISERS, Iron-clad, xvii. 286.
CRUM, Walter, of Thornliebank, on the
chemistry of dyeing, VI I. 580.
CRUMEN GLAND, of antelopes and deer,
xv. 348.
CRUMLIN VIADUCT, Wales, iv. 338.
CRUMN, king of Bulgaria, xvii. 481.
CRUMWELL, or Cromwell (q.v.), Thomas,
earl of Essex, vi. 604.
CRUNODE, in geometry, xxn. 669.
CRUONINGA (Groningen), ancient town,
Holland, xi. 207.
CRUSADERS, Coins of the, xvii. 658.
CRUSADES, vi. 622 ; xvi. 588 ; their
economic effects, xix. 352; England's
share in them, VIII. 296; their
influence on Egypt, VII. 752; on
France, IX. 537; on the Greek empire,
XL 118; on the military system of
Europe, II. 564; connexion of knights
with, xiv. 115; XXlll. 160; in rela
tion to geographical knowledge, X.
178; to the popedom, XIX. 499;
effects of the first in Asia Minor, n.
713; St Bernard's preaching of the
second, in. 603; under Richard I. of
England, XX. 540; Joinville's History
of, xm. 734; Villehardouin's chronicle
of the fifth, xxiv. 229.
CRUSADING ORDERS, of knighthood, in
Spain, xxn. 316.
CRUSCA, Accademia della, I. 73.
CRUSENSTOLPE, Magnus Jakob, Swedish
historian, VI. 632; XXII. 758.
CRUSIUS, Christian August, German
theologian, vi. 632.
CRUSTACEA, class of animals, vi. 632;
xvii. 116; embryology of, xx. 419;
organs of touch in, XXlll. 478 ; dis
tribution of, vii. 278, 283 ; parasites
of, xviil. 259; in Lankester's classi
fication, xxiv. 813.
CRUVEILHIER, Jean, French anatomist,
vi. 667; I. 8 1 6.
CRUZ, Juan de la, Spanish mystic, vi.
667; xxn. 359.
, Ramon de la, Spanish dramatist,
vi. 667.
CRYING, abnormal form of respiration,
xx. 479.
CRYOLITE, mineral, vi. 667; xvi. 384;
xxii. 240.
SODA, xxn. 244.
CRYOPHORUS, freezing apparatus, vin.
73i-
CRYOPHYLLITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
CRYPT, in architecture, VI. 667 ; II. 463.
CRYPTOBRANCHUS, genus of Amphibia,
i. 759.
CRYPTODIRA, group of chelonian
reptiles, xxin. 457.
CRYPTOGAMOUS PLANTS, iv. 92, 140,
157-
CRYPTOGAMS, Cellular, xiv. 552; vas
cular, xx. 426.
CRYPTOGRAPHY, writing in cipher, VI.
669 ; Wheatstone's contributions to,
xxiv. 538.
CRYPTOLITE, mineral, xvi. 403.
CRYPTOPIA, vegetable alkaloid, xvii.
232.
CRYPTOPROCTA, genus of carnivorous
mammals, xv. 170, 435.
CRYPTURI, group of birds, xvm. 45;
xxni. 403.
CRYSTAL, or Flint Glass, Manufacture
of, x. 663.
CRYSTALLINE PLATES, Colours of,
xxiv. 450.
CRYSTALLIZATION, of rocks, x. 259.
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, vi. 671; xvi. 346;
Haiiy's contributions to, xi. 523 ;
Mitscherlich's, XVI. 531.
CRYSTAL PALACE, London, vm. 803;
xiv. 836; architecture of, II. 453.
CRYSTALS, vi. 671; xiv. 613; xvi. 346;
magnetism of, XV. 265 ; uniaxal and
biaxal, xiv. 613; xxiv. 449.
CSOKONAI, Mihaly Vitez, Hungarian
poet, VI. 677; xii. 377.
CSOMA DE KOROS, Alexander, Hun
garian philologist, VI. 677; XXlll. 346,
CTENIDIOBRANCHIA, suborder of Mol-
lusca, xvi. 645, 655.
CTENODRILUS, genus of worms, xxiv.
678.
CTENOLABRUS, genus of fishes, xxiv.
686.
CTENOPHORA, group of animals, I. 131;
xn. 547, 565 ; in Lankester's classi
fication, xxiv. 812.
CTENOSTOMA, group of Polyzoa, xix.
437-
CTESIAS, Greek physician and historian,
vi. 677 ; on the topography of
Babylon, in. 182 ; on the Medo-
Persian empire, XVIII. 561 ; on
Semiramis, XXI. 639.
CTESIBIUS, inventor of forcing pump,
xn. 435.
CTESIPHON, ancient town, Assyria, vi.
677; xvi. 51; siege of (199), xvm.
605.
, friend of Demosthenes, I. 208;
vn. 71.
CUBA, island, West Indies, vi. 678;
XXII. 298; XXIV. 510; freshwater
fishes of, XII. 674; forests, IX. 406;
slavery in, XXII. 142.
, Johannes de, on birds, xvm. 3.
CUBAN, mineral, xvi. 393.
CUBATUREOF SOLIDS, in calculus, xm.
53-
CUBE, in geometry, x. 388.
CUBEBS, in pharmacy, vi. 683.
CUBE ROOT, in algebra, I. 528 ; in
arithmetic, II. 533.
CUBES, Tables of, xxin. 8.
CUB HUNTING, xn. 396.
CUBICS, Twisted, in geometry, X. 407.
CUBIC SURFACES, in geometry, xxn.
670.
CUBICULA, in the Catacombs, v. 210
CUBIT, measure of length, XXIV. 483
CUBITT, Thomas, London builder, vi.
683.
-, Sir William, English engineer vi.
683.
CUBRANOVIC, Andrew, Ragusan poet,
xxi. 690,
CUCA, plant, vi. 684; xvm. 673.
CUCKING STOOL, tor punishment, xix
96.
CUCKMERE, river, England, xxii 723.
CUCKOO, or Cuckow, bird, vi. 685; in
769.
, Ode to the, its authorship, iv.
393-
CUCKOO-SPIT, insect, xm. 153.
CUCKOW, bird, VI. 685; III. 769.
CUCULLANUS, genus of nematode worms,
xvn. 325.
CUCUMBER, vegetable, vi. 687; xn. 282.
, Squirting, plant, VI. 688; vii. 825.
TREE, xv. 283.
CUCUMIS, genus of plants, v. 687; xv.
841.
CUCURBITA, genus of plants, XI. 4; xn.
283.
CUDBEAR, dyestuff, n. 379; xiv. 559.
CUDDALOR, town, India, VI. 688 ; II.
478.
CUDDAPAH, district, India, vi. 689.
CUDWORTH, Ralph, English philo
sopher, VI. 689 ; his ethical system,
VIII. 597; anti-evolutionist, VIII. 759.
CUELEN, Ludolph van, German mathe
matician, XXII. 434
CUENCA, province, Spain, VI. 692; xxn
298 ; town, VI. 692.
C U E — C U B
119
CUENCA, town, Ecuador, VI. 692.
CUERNAVACA, town, Mexico, xvi. 214.
CUEVA, Juan de la, Spanish dramatist,
xxn. 356.
CUFA, town, Persia, xvi. 564, 570.
CUIABA, or Cuyaba, town, Brazil, VI.
742.
CUIJA, lake, San Salvador, xxi. 268.
CUILLINS, mountains, Skye, Scotland,
xxn. 127.
CUIRASS, defensive armour, vi. 692.
CUIRASSIERS, cavalry, v. 263.
CUISINIER, bird, XVIII. 106.
CujAS, or Cujacius, Jacques de, French
jurisconsult, VI. 693.
CULDEES, order of ecclesiastics, vi. 693 ;
in Scotland, I. 46; xvni. 667; XXI.
477-
CULEBRA ISLAND, West Indies, xxiv.
261.
CULEX, poem, attributed to Virgil, xxiv.
251.
, genus of insects, x. 700; xvi. 866.
CULIACAN, town, Mexico, xvi. 214.
CULINARY APPLIANCES, vi. 332.
CULLEN, "William, Scottish pathologist,
vi. 694; xv. 813.
CULLENDER, Rose, Suffolk witch, xxiv.
621.
CULLERA, town, Spain, vi. 696.
CULLEY, Messrs, their improvements in
agriculture, I. 303.
CULLODEN, Scotland, Battle of (1746),
vi. 696, 705; v. 427; VIIL 355; xxi.
526.
CULM, or Anthracite (q.v.), coal, II. 106.
CULMBACH, town, Bavaria, xiv. 1 54.
CULNA (Kalna), town, Bardwan district,
India, Xlll. 829.
(Khulna), town, Jessor district,
India, XI v. 67.
CULPABLE HOMICIDE, crime, xvn. 53.
CULPEE (Kalpi), town, India, xm. 830.
CULROSS, village, Scotland, xvin. 667.
CULTIVATOR, Steam, agricultural imple
ment, I. 315.
CULTURE, its influence on language, 11.
120; xviii. 769.
CULVERT, wide and short drain, iv.
284.
CUM.E, or Cuma, ancient Greek colony,
Italy, vi. 696; coins of, xvn. 637.
CUMANA, town, Venezuela, vi. 696.
CUMANI, or Comans, Turkish tribes,
xxi. 16; xxin. 660.
CUMARA NUT, xvn. 664.
CUMBERLAND, county, England, vi.
696 ; population and representation,
xxin. 727; the ancient Cumbria, xxi.
479; coalfield of, vi. 52; plumbago
mines, XIX. 231.
, town, Maryland, U.S.A., vi. 700;
xv. 603.
, river, Tennessee, U.S.A., xxm.
177.
, "William Augustus, duke of,
English general, vi. 705; xxi. 520.
CUMBERLAND, Richard, bishop of Peter
borough, vi. 700; ethics of, VIIL 598.
, Richard, English dramatist, vi.
702; vii. 438.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, U.S.A.,
xix. 700; xxiv. 829.
CUMBRAES, islands, Scotland, IV. 579.
CUMBRIA, ancient district, England,
xxi. 479.
CUMIN, or Cummin, plant, vi. 706.
GUMMING, Roualeyn Gordon, African
traveller and hunter, VI. 706.
CUMMINGS, of malt, iv. 269.
CUNAPIRU, town, Uruguay, xxiv. 15.
CUNARD, Sir Samuel, founder of line of
steamships, vi. 706.
CUNAXA, Babylonia, Battle of (401 B.C.),
vi. 753; xviii. 577.
CUNCTATOR (Fabius Maximus), Roman
general, VIIL 836; XI. 442.
CUNDWAH (Khandwa), town, India, xiv.
57-
CUNEATOR, officer of the mint, xvi.
480.
CUNEIFORM WRITING, vi. 707; i. 604;
xm. 114; inventors of, in. 184;
Grotef end's decipherment of, XI. 217.
CUNENE, river, Africa, I. 254.
CUNEO, or Coni, town, Italy, VI. 272.
C UN ING HAM, William, English carto
grapher, xvn. 253.
CUNITZ, Maria, German astronomer,
vi. 707.
CUNNINGHAM, district, Ayrshire, Scot
land, in. 163,
, Allan, Australian botanist and
explorer, ill. 104, no.
, Allan, Scottish writer, VI. 707.
— , J. T., his observations on Mollusca,
xvi. 658.
, Peter,
English miscellaneous
writer, VI. 707.
-, William, Scottish theologian and
ecclesiastic, VI. 708.
CUPAR-FIFE, town, Scotland, vi. 708.
CUPELLATION, method of separating
metals, II. 725; xiv. 376.
CUPEL MOULD, in assaying, n. 726.
CUPEL-SlLVER, XXII. JO.
CUPID, Roman god (the Greek Eros), vi.
708; VIIL 527.
CUPOLA, or Dome, in architecture, vn.
347; n. 463.
CUPPING, surgical operation, vi. 709.
CUPREINE, vegetable alkaloid, xx. 185.
CUPRESSUS, genus of trees, vi. 745.
CUPRITE, mineral, vi. 347; xvi. 385.
CUPROPLUMBITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
CUPS, Ancient Greek and Roman, xix.
180, 614, 618.
CURACA, Peruvian chief, xviii. 678.
CURACOA, or Curagao, island, West
Indies, VI. 709 ; population, XXIV.
510.
, liqueur, xiv. 687.
CURARAY, river, South America, vii.
646.
CURASSOW, bird, VI. 709.
CURATE, vi. 709; perpetual, xxiv. 209.
CURATOR, in law, xm. i.
CURCAS PuRGANS, species of plants,
xvii. 665.
CURCHOD, Suzanne, Madame Necker,
x. 574; xvn. 312.
CURCULIONID^E, family of insects, XXIV.
477-
CURCUMIN, colour ing matter of turmeric,
xxm. 662.
CURCUNNO, France, Cromlech at, xxi.
SI-
CURD, of milk, XVI. 304.
CUR DEUS HOMO, work by Anselni, n.
92.
CURE, river, France, xvn. 495.
CUREPIPE, town, Mauritius, xv. 640.
CURES, ancient town, Italy, vi. 710.
CURETON, William, English Orientalist,
vi. 710.
CURETONIAN GOSPELS, Syriac recen
sion, xxn. 824.
CURFEW, bell, vi. 710; in. 538.
CURIA, ancient Roman tribal division,
vi. 710; xvn. 527; xx. 732.
, Roman senate-house, xix. 815.
CURIALIS, Roman official, vi. 710.
CURIA REGIS, English court, vi. 517.
CURIA ROMAN A, papal court, vi. 7115
xix. 497.
CURIATII, Alban brothers, opponents of
the Horatii, xn. 166.
CURICO, province, Chili, v. 617.
CURING, mode of preserving food, xix.
708; of bloaters, IX. 253; of herrings,
IX. 259; of pilchards, IX. 254.
CURIOSITIES OF LITERATURE, Isaac
D'Israeli's work, vii. 260.
CURLEW, bird, vi. 711.
CURLING, game, vi. 712.
CURRAGH, plain, with military camp,
Kildare, Ireland, vi. 714.
CURRAN, John Philpot, Irish orator, VI.
714.
CURRANTS, fruit, vi. 715; XL 88; red,
white, and black, xn. 270; culture of,
in Zante, xxiv. 767.
CURRENCY, or Current Money, its early
forms, XVI. 722 ; depreciation of,
IX. 178; in relation to exchange, VIIL
788 ; bank notes as, in. 320 ; paper
(greenbacks), in U.S.A. (1862), xxm.
775 ; Locke's observations on, xiv.
754; Ricardo's, xx. 534.
CURRENTS, as distinguished from waves,
xxiv. 416; hydraulic theory of, xn.
468; of the ocean, X. 283; in naviga
tion, xvn. 275; of the Atlantic, in.
1 8; of the Dardanelles and Bosphorus,
in. 798; of the Indian Ocean, xn. 82 1 ;
of the Pacific, xvni. 117.
CURRER BELL (Charlotte Bronte),
English novelist, IV. 365.
CURRIE, James, Scottish physician and
critic, vi. 715.
CURRY, condiment, vi. 715.
120
CUR—GYM
CURRYING, in leather manufacture, xiv.
386.
CURSE-OATH, xvn. 698.
CURSING, Laws against, in. 807.
CURSIVE WRITING, xvni. 149; xxin.
682; Latin, xvin. 154.
CURTIS, Mrs, wife of George Washington,
xxiv. 388.
CURTIUS, Mettus, Eoman legendary
hero, vi. 716.
, RUFUS, Quintus, biographer of
Alexander the Great, vi. 716.
CURUBAS, fruit of passion-flower, xvin.
343-
CURVATURE, in geometry, xin. 26; in
conic sections, vi. 283; of spherical
surfaces, xv. 659.
CURVE, CURVES, vi. 716; x. 395, 419;
xv. 630; xxiv. 86; in integral cal
culus, xin. 50; in relation to surface,
xxii. 668; Pliicker on intersections
of, his six equations, XIX. 229; Des-
cartes's application of algebra to, xin.
6; tidal, xxm. 366, 370.
CURVILINEAR COORDINATES, xxn.
671.
CURWEN, John, promoter of the tonic
sol-fa musical notation, xvn. 100.
CURZOLA, town, Austrian Dalmatia, vi.
728; battle of (1298), xix. 406.
CUSA, Nicolas de (Cusanus), cardinal and
Reformer, vi. 728; XX. 323.
Cuscus, genus of marsupial mammals,
xvm. 728.
CUSCUTA, genus of plants, vn. 320.
CUSCUTACE^E, parasitic plants, xvin.
264.
CUSH, of Scripture, vi. 729; xvn.
511.
CUSHAT, ring-dove, vn. 379.
CUSHITES, of Scripture, xxiv. 738; xvn.
511.
CUSP, in architecture, II. 463.
, of a curve, xxn. 669.
CUSSO, or Kousso, drug, XIV. 145.
CUSTARD APPLE, vi. 729.
CUSTOM, in law, xiv. 362; xix. 705.
HOUSES, vi. 729.
CUSTOMS DUTIES, vi. 729.
CUSTOMS OF THE SEA, book of mari
time ordinances, VI. 318.
GUSTOS ROTULORUM, keeper of records,
vi. 730.
CUSTRIN, town, Prussia, xiv. 162.
CUSUMANO, Vito, Italian economist,
xix. 395.
CUTCH, state, India, vi. 730; Ran, Runn,
or Lake of, iv. 22; vi. 730.
— , or Catechu, vegetable extract, V.
220; Xiv. 382.
, Goldbeater's, x. 753.
GUNDAVA, district, Baluchistan,
vi. 732.
CUTHBERT, St, bishop of Lindisfarne,
England, VI. 732 ; xvn. 570 ; his
labours in Lothian, XV. 10 ; xxi.
475; his tomb at Durham, vn. 562.
CUTICLE, or Epidermis, Anatomy of
the, I. 897.
CUTLERY, vi. 733; English, xxi. 787;
Indian, XII. 762.
CUTTACK, district and town, India, v.
242; xvn. 845.
CUTTER, boat, xxi. 825.
CUTTHROAT, bird, xxiv. 463.
CUTTINGS, Railway, xx. 232.
CUTTLE-BONE, for polishing, XXI.
666.
CUTTLE-FISH, VI. 735; XVI. 670.
CUTWA (Katwa), town, Bengal, India,
xiv. 15.
CUT -WATER, bird, xxn. 120.
CuviER, Georges (Baron Cuvier), French
naturalist, vi. 740; on birds, xvin. 7;
on Buffon's theories of the iiniverse,
IV. 445; on classification and morpho
logy, XVI. 838 ; his classification of
animals, XXIV. 806; of reptiles, XX.
435 ; on evolution, vin. 749 ; on
ichthyology, XII. 633.
CUXHAVEN, town, Germany, VI. 742 ;
xi. 404.
CUYABA, town, Brazil, vi. 742.
CUY-COCHA, lake, Ecuador, vn. 646.
CUYP, Albert, Dutch painter, vi. 742;
his connexion with Van der Neer,
xvn. 314.
, Jacob Gerritsz, Dutch painter, vi.
742.
CUYUNI, river, British Guiana, XI. 250.
CUZA, Alexander John, prince of
Roumania, xxi. 21.
Cuzco, town, Peru, vi. 744; xvin. 675;
ancient fortresses at, II. 452; pilgrim
age to temple at, xix. 92.
CwM-HiR, abbey, Wales, xx. 217.
CYANATES, in chemistry, xx. 25 ; of
ammonia, XXIV. n.
CYANECULA, genus of birds, xx. 318.
CYANIC ACID, xx. 25 ; Wohler's dis
covery of, xxiv. 626.
CYANIDE OF HYDROGEN (Prussic Acid),
v. 554; xx. 23.
CYANIDES, Analysis of, xx. 24; metallic,
v. 554; methyl, xvi. 197.
CYANITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
CYANOGEN, in chemistry, v. 554; xx.
22 ; Gay-Lussac's experiments on, x.
123.
CYANOMETER, Saussure's invention of
the, XXI. 324.
CYANOSIS, facial deformity, xvi. 765.
CYANOSPIZA, genus of birds, xvn. 534.
CYANURUS, genus of birds, xin. 611.
CYATHEA, genus of tree-ferns, xxin.
534
CYAXARES, Median king, xvin. 563;
xxi. 577.
CYBELE, in Greek mythology, vi. 744;
xv. 99, 294; xvin. 853; worship of,
xvin. 691 ; statue of, at Rome, xx.
821.
CYBO, Innocent, Florentine cardinal, xv.
789.
CYBULSKI, Prof., Polish writer, xix.
305-
CYCADACE^E, order of plants, xxiv. 131.
CYCLADES, group of islands, Greece, vi.
744; coins of the, xvn. 644.
CYCLAMEN, greenhouse plant, xii. 263.
CYCLAS, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 695.
CYCLE, Metonic, in astronomy, n. 747;
iv. 668; other cycles, iv. 669, 670.
CYCLIC POEMS, Greek, xi. 137.
CYCLING, velocipede riding, in. 665;
xxin. 559.
CYCLOID, Quadrature of the, Pascal's,
xvni. 338.
CYCLOMYARIA, suborder of Tunicata,
xxin. 615.
CYCLONES, areas of low atmospheric
pressure, in. 33; vi. 7; xvi. 129, 154;
at sea, xvn. 276; of Asia, n. 690;
xv. 189; in Polynesia, xix. 421; in
the West Indies, XXIV. 511.
CYCLOPEDIA, or Encyclopaedia (<i.v.),
vin. 190.
, American, vin. 204; XX. 568.
, Chainbers's (1728), vin. 196.
— , English, vin. 204.
, Penny, vin. 204; xiv. 856.
CYCLOPEAN MASONRY, in archaeology,
II. 346, 401 ; remains of, in Ithaca,
xin. 517.
CYCLOPES, in Greek mythology, vi. 744;
11. 346.
CYCLOPS, Euripides's satyric drama,
vin. 678.
, monster, xvi. 764.
CYCLOPTERUS, genus of fishes, xv. 65.
CYCLORHAPHA, group of insects, vn.
256.
CYCLOSTOMA, suborder of Polyzoa, xix.
437-
, genus of snails, xxn. 187.
CYCLOSTOMATA, subclass of fishes, xn.
694.
CYCLOTURUS, genus of edentate mam
mals, xv. 386.
CYCNUS, of Greek legend, xix. 559.
CYDNUS, river, Asia Minor, n. 709; v.
777-
CYDONIA, genus of trees, xx. 182.
CYDONIUM EOSASTER, species of
sponges, XXII. 414.
CYGNET, young of the swan, xxn. 731.
CYGNUS, genus of birds, xxii. 731.
CYLINDER, in geometry, x. 417 ;
mensuration of, XVI. 25; Archimedes
on, n. 380; Serenus on, xxi. 675.
, of steam-engine, behaviour of
steam in, xxn. 487; strength of, xxn.
606.
PRINTING PRESSES, xxin. 706.
CYLIX, ancient Greek vase, xix. 614.
CYLON, Athenian insurgent, in. 2; xi.
96.
CYMBALUM MUNDI, of Bonaventure
des Periers, IX. 654.
CYMBULIA, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 665,
666.
C Y M — D M D
121
CYMENE, hydrocarbon found in oils,
xvii. 748.
CYMOPHANE, mineral, xvi. 386.
CYMRl, or Cymry (q_.v.\ IV. 352.
CYMRIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE,
xx. 642.
CYMRY, branch of the Celtic family, n.
651; iv. 352; v. 300.
CYNANCHE PAROTID^EA, disease, xvii.
22
CYNEGETICA, Oppian's poem, xn. 393;
xvii. 797.
CYNEWULF, Anglo-Saxon writer, vm.
403-
CYNICS, school of Greek philosophy, vi.
745; n. 137; xxi. 379; xxn. 562;
ethics of, vm. 578.
CYNOCEPHALUS, genus of apes, n. 152;
xv. 476.
CYNOGALE, species of carnivorous mam
mals, xv. 436.
CYNOIDEA, section of Carnivora, xv. 437.
CYNOMYS, genus of rodent mammals,
xv. 418, 560.
CYNOPHONTIS, Greek festival, xiv. 678.
CYNOPTERUS, genus of bats, xv. 409.
CYNOSCEPHAL^E, Greece, Battle of (197
B.C.), IX. 288; XX. 752; XXIII. 222 ,299.
CYNTHIA, mistress of Propertius, xix.
812.
CYNTHIID^E, family of Tunicata, xxm.
617.
CYNTHIUS (Giovanni Battista Giraldi),
Italian novelist, X. 620.
CYPERUS BABYLONICUS, aromatic drug,
x. 17.
CYPERUS PAPYRUS, paper reed, xvni.
231.
CYPERUS-ROOT OIL, XVII. 744.
CYPHOPHTHALMIDES, family of Arach-
nida, n. 279.
CYPR/EA MONETA, cowry-shell mollusc,
vi. 535-
CY-PRES, in law, vi. 745.
CYPRESS, tree, vi. 745; culture of, n.
320; in United States, xxm. 809.
CYPRESSE GROVE, Drummond's work,
vii. 481.
CYPRIAN, bishop of Carthage, vi. 746;
his conception of the episcopate, v.
701; vm. 487.
, bishop of Nisibis, Syriac writer,
xxn. 844.
- DIALECT, of Greek, XI. 133.
CYPRINE, mineral, xvi. 410.
CYPRIPEDIUM, genus of orchids, xvii.
818.
CYPRUS, island, Mediterranean, VI. 747;
xv. 820; xxm. 653; its connexion
with Phoenicia, XVIII. 805; coins of,
xvii. 648; captured by the Turks
(1570-71), xxm. 644; ceded to Eng
land, XXIII. 652; Cyprian dialect, XI.
133-
CYPSELUS, genus of birds, xxn. 760.
, Chest of, early Greek sculpture, II.
3475 vi. 397.
CYRANO DE BERGERAC, on travelling
to the moon, I. 186.
CYRENAICA, district, Africa, vi. 750.
CYRENAICS, school of Greek philo
sophers, VI. 750; II. 506; their philo
sophical system, xxi. 379; its relation
to Epicureanism, Vlll. 475.
CYRENE, ancient town, Africa, vi. 750;
xxm. 280; coins of, xvn. 651.
CVRIACUS, patriarch of the Jacobites,
Syriac writer, xxn. 842.
CYRIL, St, bishop of Jerusalem, vi. 751;
his canon, v. 10.
, St, early missionary to the Slavs,
xvi. 194.
, bishop of Turoff, Eussian sermon-
writer, xxi. 103.
of Alexandria, vi. 751; opponent
of Nestorius, XVII. 353.
— of Berytus, Byzantine jurist, VI.
752.
LUCARIS, patriarch of Constan
tinople and reformer of the Greek
Church, XL 158; I. 496.
CYRILLIC ALPHABET, i. 613.
CYRILLONA, Syriac writer, xxn. 828.
CYRILLUS. See Cyril.
CYRIL THORNTON, novel by Thomas
Hamilton, XL 416.
CYROP/EDIA, Xenophon's work, xxiv.
721; vi. 752.
CYRRHESTICA, Syria, coins of, xvn.
649.
CYRUS, the Elder, founder of the Persian
empire, VI. 752; xvni. 564; his con-
cjuest of Babylonia, in. 188; his re
lations to the Jews, xm. 417; his re
ligious policy, xin. 384; his tomb, at
Murgab, n. 399; xvni. 558, 567.
, the Younger, Persian satrap, vi.
753; xvin. 576.
CYST FORMATIONS, in human body,
xvni. 365.
CYSTICERCUS Bovis, beef measle,
xxm. 52; xxiv. 206.
CYSTIC SARCOMA, disease, xvni. 369.
CYSTIDEA, order of Echinodermata, vn.
638.
CYSTITIS, disease, xxiv. 188.
CYSTOPHORA, genus of seals, xv. 444;
xxi. 581.
CYTHERA (Cerigo), island, Greece, v.
346; xin. 205.
CYTHEREA, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 686.
CYTINACE^E, order of parasitic plants,
xvni. 265.
CYTISUS, genus of trees, xiv. 179.
CVTODE, mass of protoplasm, I. 843.
CYTOGENESIS, in plants, xn. 13.
CYZICUS, ancient town, Asia Minor, vi.
753; xvn. 122; coins of, xvn. 645;
siege of, by Mithradates (74 B.C.),
xv. 56.
CZACKI, Tadeusz, Polish statesman and
writer, VI. 754.
CZAR, title of emperor of Russia, xxi.
92.
CZARTORYSKI, Adam George, Polish
prince and patriot, VI. 754; XIX. 298.
CZASLAU, town, Bohemia, VI. 754 ;
battle of (1742), in. 127.
CZECHS, Slavonic people, VI. 754; ill.
861 ; xvi. 8n; xix. 285; xxn. 145,
147, 151; their language and litera
ture, in. 861 ; XXII. 151 ; dictionaries
of language, vn. 188.
CZEGLED, town, Hungary, vi. 754.
CZENSTOCHOVA, Old and New, towns,
Poland, VI. 754.
CZERNA, river, Macedonia, xv. 136.
CZERNOWITZ, town, Austria, vi. 755.;
university of, xxm. 852.
CZERNY, Karl, Austrian musical com
poser and pianist, vi. 755.
GEORGE, Tsrni George, or Kara-
georgevich, Servian leader, VI. 755;
xxi. 689.
CZERSKI, Johann, leader of the Catholic
Apostolic Christians, x. 444.
CZOLBE, Heinrich C., on evolution, vm.
767-
T"^ the fourth letter of the alphabet,
*-* y vi. 756.
DABCHICK, bird, XL 80.
DA C ADORE (Titian, q.v.), Italian painter,
xxm. 413.
DA CAPO, musical term, xvn. 87, 93.
DACCA, district and town, India, VI.
756:
DACE, fish, vi. 758; xn. 692; xx, 582;
angling for, n. 42.
DACELO, genus of birds, Xiv. 82.
DACH, Simon, German hymn-writer,
xn. 587.
DACHSTEIN, mountain, Austria, I. 628;
xxi. 241; xxn. 614.
DACIA, ancient country, Europe, vi. 758;
xxiv. 269; conquest of, by Trajan
(105), xxm. 504.
DACIER, Andre, French scholar, vi. 759.
, Anne Lefevre, French scholar, vi.
759-
DA COSTA, Isaak, Dutch poet and theo
logian, vi. 759.
DACTYLOPSILA, genus of marsupial
mammals, xvni. 729.
DACTYLOPTERUS, fish, ix. 352.
D'ADAM, L'Isle, grand-master of Knights
Hospitallers, xxi. 174.
DADDY LONG LEGS, insect, xin. 150;
as wheat pest, xxiv. 535.
DADHA, Syriac monk and writer, xxn.
830.
DADH-ISHO, abbot of Mount Izla, Syriac
writer, XXII. 838.
DADH-ISHO, of Seleucia, Syriac writer,
xxn. 830.
DADO, in architecture, n. 463.
D^EDALA, Mount, Asia Minor, xv. 93.
DAEDALUS, in Greek legend, vi. 760; I.
185; n. 347.
, reef, Red Sea, xx. 316.
XXV. — 1 6
122
D
M — D A M
DAEMON, vii. 60; in Greek mythology,
XV. 477; of Socrates, xxil. 233.
DAFFODIL, plant, vi. 760.
DA GAMA, Vasco, Portuguese navigator,
x. 57, 181; liis expedition to India,
xn. 796.
DAGANA, town, Senegal, Africa, xxi.
660.
DAGGER, weapon, vi. 760; xxn. 800;
ancient, II. 553; of Albacete, Spain, I.
446.
D AGHESTAN, government, Asiatic Eussia,
vi. 760.
D'AciNCOURT, Jean Baptiste, French
archaeologist, VI. 760.
DAGMAR CROSS, vi. 614.
DAGO, island, Eussia, Baltic Sea, xvn.
732-
DAGOBERT, king of France, ix. 530;
tomb of, at St Denis, XXI. 161.
DAGON, Philistine deity, vi. 761; xvm.
756.
DAGUERRE, Louis Jacques Mande,
French painter and physicist, vi. 761;
his contributions to photography,
xvm. 822.
DAGUERREOTYPE, vi. 761 ; xvm.
823.
D'AGUESSEAU, Henri Francois, chan
cellor of France, vi. 761.
DAH/E, ancient Iranian nomads, xvm.
rOO
508.
DAHHAK B. KAIS, governor of Damascus,
xvi. 569.
DAHIRAH, province, Arabia, II. 255.
DAHL, Johann Christian, Norwegian
painter, VI. 762.
, Michael, Swedish painter, vi. 762.
— , Vladimir Ivanovitch, Eussian
writer, vi. 762.
DAHLAK, island, Eed Sea, XX. 316.
DAHLGREN, Karl Fredrik, Swedish poet
and humorist, VI. 763; XXII. 757.
DAHLIA, plant, vi. 763; xn. 255.
DAHLMANN, Friedrich Christian, Ger
man historian, VI. 763.
D AHLSTJERNA, GunnoEurelius, Swedish
poet, vi. 764; xxil. 755.
DAHNA, desert, Arabia, n. 240.
DAHOMEY, kingdom, West Africa, vi.
764.
DAHSHOOR, or Dahshur, Egypt,
Pyramids of, n. 386; vn. 773; XX.
124.
DAI BUTSU, colossal statue, Japan,
xvn. 229.
DAILLE, Jean, French Protestant divine,
vi. 767.
D'AlLLY, Pierre, French cardinal, x.
549; xvn. 132; xx. 320; xxi. 431.
DAILY NEWS, London newspaper, xvn.
419.
DAILY TELEGRAPH, London newspaper,
xvn. 419.
DAIMIEL, town, Spain, vi. 767.
DAIMIO, territorial nobles of Japan,
xni. 578, 583.
DAINIHONSHI, Japanese history, xin.
587-
DAIR AL-BAHARI, Egypt, Mummy vault
at, xvii. 22.
DAIRY, vi. 768; treatment of milk in,
xvi. 304.
BREEDS, of cattle, i. 388.
DAIS, in architecture, n. 463.
DAISY, plant, vi. 773.
DAJJAL, Masih al, Mohammedan Anti
christ, n. 126.
DAKAR, town, Senegal, Africa, xxi. 660.
DAKER-HEN, bird, xx. 222.
DAKHEL, or Dakhila, oasis, Africa, xvn.
695.
DAKIKI, Persian poet, ix. 225; xvin.
656.
DA-Klo (Mekong), river, Asia, xv. 832.
DAKOTA, Territory, U.S.A., vi. 773;
population, xxn I. 802.
DAKOTAS, American Indians, xn. 827,
831-
DAKSHIN (Deccan, q.v.\ India, vn. 18.
SHAHBAZPUR, delta island, India,
xv. 830.
DAKSHIPUTRA (Panini), Sanskrit gram
marian, xxi. 292.
DALAI-LAMA, of Tibet, xiv. 230, 502;
xxiii. 343.
DALBEATTIE, town, Scotland, xiv. 98.
DALBERG, Prince of, patron of German
literature, vi. 774.
DALBERGIA, genus of trees, xx. 851.
DALBURG, John of, bishop of Worms,
xx. 490.
DAL-CAIS, dynasty of Irish kings, Xlll.
253-
DALE, or Dahl, Vladimir Ivanovitch,
Eussian writer, VI. 762.
D'ALEMBERT, Jean le Eond, French
mathematician and philosopher, vi.
774; IX. 671; his connexion with the
Encyclopedic, Vlil. 197; on astro
nomy, II. 759; on the motion of fluids,
XII. 437.
DALGARNO, George, Scottish educational
writer, vi. 776; on teaching deaf-
mutes, vii. 6.
DALHOUSIE, town, New Brunswick,
xvii. 375.
, Marquis of, governor-general of
India, VI. 776; XII. 808.
DALI, Cyprus, Tablet of, VI. 750.
DALIMIL, Chronicle of, Bohemian work,
XXIL 151.
DALIN, Olof von, Swedish poet, vi. 780;
XXIL 755.
DALKEITH, town, Scotland, vi. 780.
DALKEY ISLAND, Ireland, vii. 494.
DALLA BELLA, his magnetic researches,
xv. 237.
DALL^US (Jean Daille), French Pro
testant theologian, vi. 767.
DALLAS, town, Texas, U.S.A., xxm.
205.
DALLING AND BULWER, Lord, British
diplomatist, VI. 780.
DALMATIA, crown land, Austria, vi
783; wine industry of, xxiv. 610.
, Duke of (Soult), French general,
xxn. 279.
DALMATIAN DOG, vn. 330.
DALMATIC, ecclesiastical vestment, vi
462.
DALMAU, town, India, xx. 222.
DALMENY PARK, Linlithgow, Scotland,
xiv. 670.
DALRIADS, Celtic race, in Ireland, xm,
247; in Scotland, xxi. 473, 477.
DALRYMPLE, Sir David (Lord Hailes),
Scottish lawyer and historian, XI. 374,
xxn. 446.
— , G. E., explorer of Australian coast,
in. 107.
— , Sir Hew, Scottish lawyer, xxn.
446.
, James, first Viscount Stair, Scot
tish jurist, xxn. 444.
-, Sir James, Scottish antiquary, xxn.
446.
-, Janet, Bride of Laimnermoor, xxn
-, Thomas, Scottish physician, xxn.
446.
DALSGAARD, Danish painter, vn. 94.
DALTON, John, English physicist, vi.
784; his atomic theory, v. 465; on the
specific gravity of air, III. 386.
DALTONISM, or Colour Blindness, vi.
784; vin. 824.
DALTON'S LAW, of gases, vi. 785, xvi
611.
DALY, Eobert, bishop of Kildare, xni.
265.
DALYELL, Sir John Graham, his
aquarium, II. 217.
DAM, reservoir, XXIV. 406.
DAMAD ALI, Turkish vizier, xxm. 646.
DAMAGES, in law, vi. 787.
DAMAN, Syrian hyrax, mammal, xn.
598.
DAMARALAND, district, South Africa,
XI. 731; languages of, xxiv. 828.
DAMARAS, race, South Africa, their
totems, xxm. 468.
DAMARMENUS, fisherman, in Greek
mythology, XVIII. 480.
DAMAS (Damask, q. r.), cloth, xxm. 210.
DAMASCENING, or Damaskeening, in
metal work, vi. 793; xin. 81; xvi.
78; of sword blades, vi. 733; xxn. 803.
DAMASCENUS, Johannes, theologian,
early Greek Church, VI. 789.
-, Nicolaus, Greek historian, vi. 790.
DAMASCIUS, Neoplatonic philosopher,
vi. 790; xvn. 338.
DAMASCUS, ancient kingdom, xni. 406.
-, province, Asiatic Turkey, xxm.
653-
-, town, Syria, vi. 790; xxn. 822;
taken by the Arabs (635), n. 257,
XVI. 562; as capital of Demetrius III.
of Syria, XVIII. 595; mosque of, xvi.
D A M — D A R
123
DAMASCUS STEEL, vi. 793.
DAMASCUS WARE, xix. 620.
DAMASK, cloth, vi. 792; xxiv. 464;
Persian, xxm. 208, 210; manufacture
of, at Dunfermline, Scotland, vil. 542.
DAMASKEENING, or Damascening (q.v.),
vi. 793-
DAMASK STEEL, vi. 793.
DAMASUS I., pope, vi. 793 ; xin. 630;
xix. 490.
II., pope, vi. 793.
DAMAUN, town, India, vi. 793.
DAMAVAND, mountain, Persia, XV. 65 1 ;
xviii. 619.
D'AMBOISE, George, French cardinal,
vi. 793-
DAMBONITE, volatile body in caoutchouc,
xii. 840.
DAMBOVITZA, river, Roumania, xxi.
14.
DAMDAMA (Dumdum), town, India, vn.
525; xxm. 673.
DAMI, Giuliano, Florentine courtier, xv.
793-
DAMlAT(Damietta), town, Egypt, VI. 794.
DAMIENS, Robert Frangois, assailant of
Louis XV. of France, vi. 794.
DAMIETTA, town, Egypt, vi. 794; vn.
768; siege of (1219), xxm. 162.
DAMIRI, Arabian naturalist, vi. 794;
xvi. 597.
DAMIRON, Jean Philibert, French philo
sophical writer, vi. 795.
DAMMAR, or Dammer, resin, vi. 795.
DAMME, Thomas, Longevity of, xiv.
Q r-Q
050.
DAMNUM ABSQUE INJURIA, in law, vi.
789.
DAMOCLES, courtier of Dionysius, vi.
795-
DAMODAR, coal and ironstone fields,
India, xn. 737.
DAMON, friend of Pythias, vi. 795.
DAMPIER, William, English navigator,
VI. 795; his discoveries in Australasia,
in. 103.
DAMPNESS, Measure of, xii. 569.
DAMSON, variety of plum, xix. 230.
DAN, town, Judaea, vi. 796.
, Tribe of, xin. 401.
DANA, river, Africa, I. 255.
, family of eminent Americans, VI.
796.
, James Dwight, on amber in
America, I. 659; on the Atlantic basin,
in. 16.
, Richard Henry, American author,
vi. 796; i. 723.
DANAE, mother of Perseus, vi. 797; xviii.
560.
DANALITE, mineral, xvi. 411.
DANAPRIS (Dnieper), river, Russia, vil.
306; xxi. 73.
DANAUS, in Greek legend, vi. 797.
DANBURITE, mineral, xvi. 411.
DANBURY, town, Connecticut, U.S.A.,
vi. 797.
DAN BY, Earl of, minister of Charles II.,
vm. 349-
, Francis, English painter, vi. 797.
DANCE, vi. 798.
, George (d. 1768), English architect,
vi. Soi.
, George (d. 1825), English architect
and painter, VI. 80 1.
, Nathaniel, English painter, VI. 801.
OF DEATH, v. 104; xii. 55.
DANCING, as branch of education, VI.
Soi.
MASTER, English ballad collection,
xvii. 88.
DANCOURT, Florent Carton, French
dramatist, vi. 802.
DANDELION, plant, vi. 802; xxm. 61.
DANDHU PANTH (Nana Sahib), xii. Sio;
xvii. 170, 345.
DANDOLO, patrician family of Venice,
vi. 802.
— , Andrea, Venetian admiral, VI. 803;
xix. 406.
, Enrico, doge of Venice, VI. 802 ;
XXIV. 143; his relations with the
crusaders, vi. 629.
-, Vincenzo, Count, Italian scientist,
vi. 803.
DANEGELD, English land tax, vm. 294,
567.
DANELAGE, district, England, xiv. 656.
DANES, The, vu. 84; their invasions of
England, I. 506; vm. 283, 568; xvii.
570; invasions of Ireland, xin. 252; in
Lincolnshire, XIV. 656; their influ
ence on English literature, vm. 404.
DANEWERK, or Dannewerk, entrench
ments, Schleswig, vil. 89; XXI. 414.
DANEWORT, or dwarf elder tree, vil.
828.
DANICHICH, Dyuro, Servian philologist,
xxi. 691.
DANIEL, of Scripture, vi. 803.
— , Apocalypse of, n. 180.
— , Book of, vi. 803; in. 640.
— of Salah, Syriac writer, xxil. 841.
— — of Tahal, Syriac writer, XXII. 849.
— , Arnaud, troubadour, XX. 649.
— , Gabriel, French Jesuit historian,
vi. 807.
— , Samuel, English poet, vi. 807;
xviii. 346.
BAR KHATTAB, Syriac writer, xxn.
855.
BAR MOSES, Syriac writer, XXII.
841.
- NEVSKI, prince of Moscow, XXI.
90.
DANIELE DA VOLTERRA (Ricciarelli),
Italian painter and sculptor, XX. 537.
DAMELL, John Frederick, English
chemist, VI. 808; his electric cell, vm.
93; his hygrometer, xn. 570; his
pyrometer, XX. 133.
-, Samuel, Thomas, and William,
English painters, vi. 808.
DANILOFF, town, Russia, xxiv. 731.
DANILOVGRAD, town, Montenegro, xvi.
781.
DANISH DRAMA, vn. 444.
DANISH LANGUAGE, vn. 89; xxi. 373;
dictionaries of, vil. 186.
DANISH LEATHER, xiv. 389.
DANISH LITERATURE, vn. 89.
DANISHMAND, Seljuk dynasty, xxi. 636.
DANKOFF, town, Russia, xxi. 116.
DANNECKER, Joliann Heinrich von,
German sculptor, vi. 809.
DANNEWERK, entrenchments, Schleswig,
vn. 89; xxi. 414.
DANSE MACABRE, v. 104.
DANTE (Dante Alighieri), Italian poet,
VI. 809; xill. 502; his influence on
the Renaissance, XX. 384; Gary's
translation of the Divina Commedia,
V. 170.
DANTON, George Jacques, French Re
volutionist, vi. 815; IX. 602,603; xx-
603.
DANTONISTS, French Revolutionary
party, IX. 606.
DANTZIC, or Danzig, town, Germany, vi.
818; XX. 16; siege of (1807), IX. 459.
DEAL, timber, ix. 223.
DANUBE, river, Europe, vi. 819; in.
116; xn. 362; xxi. 14; delta of, xx.
580; mouths of, ill. 795.
DANUM (Doncastcr), ancient town,
England, vn. 361.
DANVERS, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
vi. 820.
DANVILLE, town, Illinois, U.S.A., vi.
820.
-, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., vi.
820.
, town, Virginia, U.S.A., xxiv. 259.
D'ANVILLE, Jean Baptiste, French geo
grapher, VI. 820; his map of India, X.
1 88.
DANZIG (Dantzic, q.v.\ town, Germany,
vi. 818; ix. 459; xx. 16.
DAPHNAIDA, Spenser's poem, xxn. 395.
DAPHNE, in Greek mythology, vi. 821;
grove of, II. 131.
— , genus of plants, xiv. 349.
AND APOLLO, Max Miiller's theory
of, xvii. 138.
DAPHNEPHORIA, Greek festival, vi. 821.
DAPHNIS AND CHLOE, Longus's Greek
romance, xiv. 868; xx. 635.
DARABJIRD, or Darab-Gherd, town,
Persia, VI. 821.
D'ARANDA, Count, Spanish minister,
ii. 308; XXIL 341.
D'ARANTHON, Bishop, his relations with
Madame Guyon, XL 342.
DARASUN, spa, East Siberia, xxm. 510.
DARAZI, Ismael, leader of the Druses,
vn. 484.
DAR-BANDA,groupof Xegroes,xvn.3i9.
DARBHANGAH, district, India, xvii.
114; xxm. 407.
D'ARBLAY, Madame (Frances Burney),
English novelist, vi. 821.
124
D A R — D A V
DARBOY, Georges, archbishop of Paris,
vi. 822.
DARBY, J. N., founder of community of
Plymouth Brethren, XIX. 238.
D'ARC, Jeanne (Joan of Arc), Maid of
Orleans, xin. 695; ix. 550.
DARCHIENDO, town, Tibet, xxm. 342.
DARCY WATER GAUGE, xn. 508.
DARDANELLES, Strait of, vi. 823; in.
797; XL 636.
DARDANIA (Dacia), ancient district,
Europe, VI. 758.
DARDANUS, in Greek mythology, vi.
823; xxm. 583.
DARDS, people, India and Tibet, x. 598;
xiv. 198; dictionaries of their language,
vii. 191.
DARE (Dace, q.v.\ fish, vi. 758.
DARENT, river, England, xiv. 37.
DARES of Phrygia, on the legends of
Troy, VI. 823; xin. 499; xx. 637.
DARFELD, Westphalia, Abbey of, xxm.
524.
DARFUR, 'country, Central Africa, VI.
823; I. 271; xxn. 278.
DAR-GE, district, Tibet, xxin. 342.
DARGINIANS, Caucasian tribe, xiv. 475.
DARGLE, glen, Wicklow, Ireland, xxiv.
557-
DARIC, ancient Persian coin, XVII. 659.
DARIEL, Pass of, Caucasus, v. 255.
DARIEN, isthmus and district, South
America, vi. 824; crossed by Balbao,
in. 274; proposed canal at, iv. 793;
Scottish settlement of, XXI. 518.
SCHEME, Paterson's, xvm. 360.
DARINGAMBADI, town, India, xxi. 210.
DARIORIGUM (Vannes), ancient town,
France, xxiv. 68.
DARIUS I., king of Persia, vi. 825; xvm.
568; XL 98; in Egypt, vii. 744; tomb
of, xvm. 558.
II., Ochus or Nothus, of Persia, VI.
826; xvm. 575.
III., Codomannus, of Persia, xvm.
581; defeat of, by Alexander, I. 481;
xv. 140.
DARJILING, or Darjeeling, district and
town, India, VI. 827; its trade with
Tibet, xxm. 343.
DARLEY ARABIAN, progenitor of race
horses, XII. 183, 184.
DARLING, river, Australia, xvn. 62;
xvn. 408.
MOUNTAINS, Western Australia,
xxiv. 507.
DARLINGTON, town, England, vi. 828.
DARLINGTONIA, genus of insectivorous
plants, XIIL 138.
DARMSTADT, town, Germany, vi. 828;
libraries of, Xiv. 527, 546.
, Hesse-, grand-duchy, Germany, xi.
780.
DARNETAL, town, France, vi. 829.
DARNLEY, Lord, husband of Mary, queen
of Scots, xv. 595; xxi. 504; murder
of, iv. 164.
DARO, mountain, Senegambia, XXI.
661.
DARODE, Somali tribes, Central Africa,
xxn. 256.
DAROSHA PHARSAYA, Syriac writer,
xxii. 832.
D'ARREST'S COMET, vi. 192.
DART (Dace, q.v.\ fish, vi. 758.
DARTER, bird, xxn. 188.
DARTFORD, town, England, vi. 829.
DARTMOOR, Devonshire, England, vn.
i39-
DARTMOUTH, town, England, vi. 829.
COLLEGE CASE (1818), xxiv. 471.
COLLEGE OBSERVATORY, New
Hampshire, U.S.A., XVII. 715.
DARTS, Ancient, II. 555.
DARU, Pierre Antoine, Comte de, French
writer and statesman, VI. 829.
DARWAZ, state, Central Asia, xvm. 104.
DAJIWEN, Over, town, England, xviil.
77-
DARWIN, Charles, his doctrine of organic
evolution, vm. 764, 769; xxiv. Soi;
011 adaptation of animals, i. 86; 011
birds, xvm. 32; on the descent of
man, 1 1. no; on the expression of
emotions, XIX. 5; geological researches
in the Argentine Republic, II. 488 ; on
hybridism, XII. 423; on morphology,
xvi. 840; on the origin of species,
in. 689 ; his work, The Origin of
Species, vm. 749, 764; xxiv. 77, 81;
on the curvature of rootlets of plants,
xix. 60.
, Erasmus, English poet and
scientist, VI. 830; XV. 816; on evolu
tion, vm. 748.
-, Mount, Tierra del Fuego, xxm.
384-
, Port, town, South Australia, xxn.
284.
DARWINISM, vm. 769; in relation to
socialism, xxn. 219.
DARWINITE, mineral, xvi. 393.
DASA, tribe, North Central Africa, xxm.
334-
DASE, Zacharias, German logarithmist,
xiv. 777.
DASHKOFF, Catherina R. W;, Russian
princess, vi. 830; v. 233.
DASHOUR, Egypt, Pyramids of, II. 386;
vn. 773; xx. 124.
DASH-WHEEL, bleaching apparatus, in.
813-
DASS, Fetter or Peder, Norwegian poet,
vi. 831; xvn. 589.
DASSEE SILKWORM, xxn. 60.
DASSERAH, Hindu festival, xv. 290.
DASYPELTIS, genus of snakes, xxn.
194.
DASYPODID^E, family of Edentata, xv.
386.
DASYPROCTID/E, family of Rodentia,
xv. 420.
DASYPUS, genus of edentate mammals,
xv. 387.
DASYU, Punjab tribe, India, xx. no.
DASYURID^E, family of marsupial mam
mals, xv. 379, 380.
DATAMES, satrap of Cappadocia, xvm.
579-
DATE, fruit, vi. 831.
PALM, vi. 831; 1.258; xvm. 190;
of Arabia, II. 237; of Fezzan, Tunis,
ix. 129.
DATES, of principal events from earliest
times to 1875, v. 720-754.
DATHOLITE, mineral, xvi. 409.
DATUM LEVELS, Tidal, xxm. 369.
DATURA STRAMONIUM, poisonous
plant, xvn. 231.
DAUBENTON, Louis Jean Marie, French
naturalist, vi. 832; on birds, xvm. 6;
his connexion with Buffoii's natural
history, IV. 444.
DAUBENY, Charles Giles Bridle, English
man of science, vi. 832.
D'AUBIGNE, FranQoise, Madame de
Maintenou, xv. 304; IX. 578; xxi.
3/8.
, Jean Henri Merle, historian of the
Reformation, VI. 833.
-, Theodore Agrippa, French his
torian and poet, VI. 833; IX. 651.
D'AUBUSSON, Pierre, grand-master of
Knights of St John, VI. 834 ; 1m
defence of Rhodes (1480), xxi. 174.
DAUDIN, F. M., on reptiles, xx. 434.
DAUGLISH APPARATUS, for manu
facture of aerated bread, ill. 255.
DAULIAS LUSCINIA, species of birds,
xvn. 499.
DAUMAT, Jean, French jurisconsult, vn.
346-
DAUN, Count von, Austrian general, vi.
834; in. 128.
DAUNIANS, ancient Italian tribe, xin.
446.
DAUPHIN, French title, IX. 546; xix.
738.
DAUPHINE, old province, France, vi.
835.
ALPS, i. 624.
DAURAT, Jean, French poet, vi. 835;
xx. 84.
DAURIANS, Tungus tribe, Siberia, xxin.
608.
D'AUVERGNE, Henri de la Tour
(Turenne), French marshal, xxin. 626;
ix. 571.
DAUW, Burchell's zebra, XII. 175.
DAVAO, town, Philippine Islands, xvm.
7 SO
DA VEN ANT, Charles, on the balance of
trade, xix. 357.
, Sir William, English poet and
dramatist, VI. 835; vn. 434.
DAVENPORT, town, Iowa, U.S.A., vi.
836.
, Horace, English amateur champion
swimmer, XXII. 771.
, John, founder of New Haven,
Conn., U.S.A., xvn. 395.
D A V— D E C
125
DAVENTRY, town, England, xvn. 556.
DAVEY'S SAFETY MOTOR, xxn. 516.
DAVID, king of Israel, vi. 836; xin.
404; xxi. 253.
— , City of (Jerusalem), XI II. 639.
, Psalms of, XX. 32 ; in. 638 ; VI.
841.
-, St, patron saint of Wales, vi. 842.
- I., king of Scotland, xxi. 482.
- II., of Scotland, vin. 319; xxi.
489.
-, Jewish pretender, XX. 269.
of Beth Rabban, Syriac writer,
xxil. 844.
of Dinant, French scholastic philo
sopher, vi. 844; xxi. 426.
, Christian, leader of Moravian
Brethren, XVI. 812.
— , Felicien Cesar, French musical
composer, VI. 842.
— , Francis, Transylvanian bishop,
XXII. 230; XXlll. 725.
, Jacques Louis, French painter, VI.
842.
, Jean Pierre (David d' Angers),
French sculptor, vi. 843; xxi. 564.
BAR PAUL, Syriac writer, XXII.
852.
COPPERFIELD, Dickens's novel,
vn. 177.
HA-COHEN, Spanish rabbi, VI. 843.
DAVIDISTS, Christian sects, vi. 844.
DAVIE, James, inventor of ballot
machine, ill. 291.
DAVIES, Edward, on Neo-Druidism, v.
3i8.
, Griffith, on annuities, II. 81.
, Howell, Welsh preacher, XVI. 193.
— — , Sir John, English poet and states
man, vi. 844; xiii. 265.
-, John, of Hereford, English poet,
vi. 844.
DAVILA, Gil Gonzalez, explorer, Nica
ragua, xvii. 479.
, Henrico Caterino, Italian historian,
vi. 844.
DA VINCI, Leonardo, Italian painter,
author, and man of science, XI v. 455 ;
xxi. 435; his influence on Raphael,
xx. 275; on binocular vision, xxil.
537-
DAVINE, mineral, xvi. 412.
DAVIS, Andrew Jackson, American
spiritualist, XXll. 405.
, Edward, buccaneer, IV. 410.
, Jefferson, president, Confederate
States, North America, xxm. 773.
• , John, English navigator, vi. 845;
x. 184; xvii. 254; his Arctic explor
ations, xix. 317.
- STRAIT WHALE FISHERY, xxiv.
527.
DAVOS, district, Switzerland, XI. 205.
DAVY, Sir Humphrey, English man of
science, VI. 845; on electro-chemical
science, v. 466; Gay-Lussac's relations
with, x. 122.
DAVY LAMP, for mining, vi. 72.
DAW, bird, xiii. 532.
DAWES, W. R., his observatory, England,
xvii. 711.
DAWLEY, town, England, xxi. 848.
DAWLISH, town, England, vi. 848.
DAWN, morning twilight, xxm. 674.
DAWSON, William, on the use of lime
as manure, I. 350.
SALMON, fish, xn. 686.
DAX, town, France, vi. 848; mineral
water of, xvi. 433.
DAY, in the calendar, IV. 664; sidereal,
II. 765; solar, II. 771; iv. 664; pro
posal of a universal, xxm. 392,
394-
, Alfred, English writer on harmony,
XVII. 100.
-, Benjamin Franklin, American
journalist, xvii. 434.
, Francis, founder of Madras city,
xv. 189.
— , John, English dramatist, VI. 848.
— , Thomas, English tale writer, VII.
655.
— BOOK, in book-keeping, iv. 46.
— OF THE FOSSE, massacre (807),
Toledo, Spain, xxil. 310.
OF THE SPURS, battle at Courtrai,
Flanders (1302), vi. 521; ix. 544.
DAYS, of the week, u. 740; iv. 664;
xxi. 125.
DAYTON, town, Ohio, U.S.A., vi. 848;
xvn. 737.
DAZA (Maximinus), Roman emperor, xv.
645.
D'AzEGLiO, Massimo, Italian writer and
statesman, in. 167; Xiii. 487, 489.
DEACON, Office of, in the church, vn. i;
in primitive church, vill. 484; Xix.
674 ; in Presbyterian churches, xix.
677.
DEACONESS, vn. i.
DEACONESSES' HOMES, at Kaiserswerth,
Germany, ix. 307.
DEAD, Resurrection of the, VIII. 535.
DEAD-HOUSES, v. 331.
DEA DIA, Roman goddess, n. 671.
DEADLY NIGHTSHADE, plant, in. 543.
DEADLY SINS, The seven, vin. 592.
DEAD MARCH IN SAUL, Handel's, XL
435-
DEAD-RECKONING, in navigation, xvn.
264.
DEAD SEA, Palestine, vn. i; xiv. 217;
xvin. 17!, 173.
DEADWOOD, mining settlement, Wyo
ming, U.S.A., xxm. 797.
DEAF AND DUMB, or Deaf-Mutes, vn. 3;
schools for, 11. 722; Amman's method
of training, I. 739; Abbe de 1'Epee's,
labours on behalf of, VIII. 457.
DEAF AND DUMB MAN'S TUTOR, by
Dalgarno, vi. 776.
DEAFNESS, vn. 594.
DEAK, Franz, Hungarian statesman, vn.
12; xii. 374.
DEAL, town, England, vn. 13; xiv.
39-
DEAN, ecclesiastical dignitary, vn. 13;
v. 228.
DEANE, Sir Anthony, English ship
builder, xvn. 283.
DEAN'S ISLANDS, South Pacific, xxm.
602.
DEARBORN OBSERVATORY, Chicago,
U.S.A., xvii. 715.
DEARG, Loughs, Ireland, xin. 217.
DEATH, Causes of, xvn. 686; of Entero-
zoa as compared with Protozoa, XIX.
837; ceremonies connected with, IX.
824; xxm. 470; myths of, xvn. 158;
Sisyphus myth, XXIL 102.
ADDER, xxn. 198.
DUTIES, xxm. 88.
DEATH-RATE, Average, in different
countries, XIX. 517.
DEATHS, Registration of, xx. 343.
, by suicide, xxn. 629.
DEAUVILLE, town, France, xxm. 589.
DEBASEMENT OF COINAGE, xvi. 726;
xvii. 653.
DE BEAUMARCHAIS, Pierre A. C.,
French dramatist, III. 467.
DEBEN, river, Suffolk, England, xxn.
621.
DE BENNEVILLE, George, American
Universalist, xx in. 831.
DEBENTURE, vn. 15.
DE BLAINVILLE, H. M. D., on birds,
xvin. 20.
DEBONNAIRE, Le, Louis (Louis the
Pious, q.v.), emperor, xv. 15.
DEB RAJA, ruler of Bhutan, India, in.
632.
DEBRA TABOR, town, Abyssinia, i.
64.
DEBRECZYN, or Debretzn, town, Hun
gary, vn. 15; university of, XXIII.
852.
DE BROSSES, Charles, on mythology,
xvn. 137.
DEBT, Law of, vn. 15. See also Bank
ruptcy, in. 341.
— , National, xvn. 243.
DEBTOR AND CREDITOR, xvin. 440;
in Roman law, XX. 685.
DEBTS, Attachment of, in. 51.
— , Preferred, XIX. 764.
DECALOGUE, vn. 15; xin. 399.
DECAMERON, Boccaccio's work, in. 845;
xin. 504.
DECAMPS, Alexander Gabriel, French
painter, vn. 17.
DE CANDOLLE, Augustin Pyramus,
Swiss botanist, vn. 18; his classifica
tion of plants, IV. 80; xvi. 838.
DECANUS, French and Lombard magi
strate, vn. 14; xv. 217.
DECAPODA, suborder of Mollusca, xvi.
669.
DECAPOLIS, district, Palestine, vn. 18;
xvin. 177.
DECARBONIZATION, of iron, xin. 318.
D E C — D E L
DECATUR, town, Illinois, U.S.A., vn.
1 8.
, Stephen, American naval officer,
xxni. 760.
DE CAUS, Solomon, inventor of a steam-
engine, xxn. 473.
DECAY, Animal, xvn. 686; xix. 9.
DECAZES, Duke, favourite minister of
Louis XVIII., IX. 619.
DECCAN, territory, India, vn. 18; xn.
733; birds of, III. 763; its connexion
with Berar, ill. 583.
DECEBALUS, Dacian prince, xxm. 503.
DECEMBER, month, vn. 19.
DECEMVIRI, Roman magistrates, vn.
19; xx. 737.
DECEPTION ISLAND, Antarctic Ocean,
xvn. 407.
DE CHARPENTIER, Jean, on glaciers, x.
628.
DECHENITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
DECIATES, Ligurian tribe, xiv. 639.
DECIMAL COINAGE, vn. 20; xvi. 732.
DECIMAL FRACTIONS, in arithmetic,
II. 531 ; methods of marking, by
Napier, xvn. 185; Stevinus's use of,
II. 526; xxn. 546.
DECIUS, Roman emperor, xx. 773, 776.
- Mus, Publius, Roman consul, xvil.
64.
DECIZE, town, France, xvn. 496.
DECK, of ship, xxi. 820.
DECKEN, Baron von der, African ex
plorer, i. 247.
DECKENDORF, or Deggendorf, town,
Bavaria, vn. 32.
DECLAMATIONS, Scholastic, xx. 515.
DECLARATION, in law, vn. 21 ; xix.
218.
— OF INDEPENDENCE, American,
XIIL 614; xxm. 743, 754; xvin. 741.
— OF PARIS (1856), vn. 21 ; xvn.
290.
— OF RIGHTS, English (1689), xx.
555; accepted by William III., XXIV.
579-
— OF SPORTS, of James I., xxn. 431.
DECLARATOR, in Scots law, vn. 22.
DECLINATION, in astronomy, n. 765.
— , or Variation, Magnetic, XV. 220,
238; xvi. 163; table of values of, xvi.
166.
DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN
EMPIRE, Gibbon's work, x. 578.
DECLINOGRAPH, astronomical instru
ment, xvi. 256.
DECLINOMETER, Bond's, astronomical
instrument, xvi. 255; magnetic, xvi.
159, 162.
DECORATION, Mural, xvn. 34.
DECREE, in law, vn. 22; Roman, xin.
132; imperial Roman, XX. 705.
DECREET, in law, vn. 22.
DECRETALS, in canon law, vn. 22; v.
16, 17, 19; xix. 491; the false,
(c. 850), v. 17; xvn. 483; xix. 496.
DECRETUM, Papal, of Gratian, xix. 499.
DECURIO, Roman cavalry officer, vn. 22.
DEDAN, of Scripture, xxiv. 738.
DEDUCTION, in logic, i. 797; xiv. 785,
790.
DEE, river, England and Wales, v. 589;
vn. 76; xvi. 38.
— , rivers, Scotland, I. 44; xiv. 97.
, John, English mathematician and
astrologer, vn. 22.
DEED, in law, yn. 23.
DEEDS, Registration of, xx. 342.
DEEMLA (Dimlah), town, India, xx.
272.
DEEMSTER, judge, Isle of Man, xv. 452.
DEEPING FEN, England, Draining of,
i. 405.
DEEP-SEA THERMOMETER, xxni. 291.
DEER, ungulate mammal, vn. 23 ; xv.
431, 432; of India, xn. 742.
FORESTS, Scotland, xxi. 532.
DEFECATION, xvn. 670.
DEFAMATION, in law, vn. 25; xiv. 505.
DEFENDER OF THE FAITH, vn. 25.
DEFFAND, Marquise du, leader in
French literary society, vn. 25.
DEFILADING, in fortification, ix. 425.
DEFINITION, in logic, xiv. 785, 790;
Socratic use of, XXII. 236.
DEFLORATION, in medical jurispru
dence, xv. 780.
DEFOE, Daniel, English writer, vn. 26;
his connexion with newspapers, XVII.
415; pamphlets of, xvin. 205; his
place in English literature, vin. 425,
428; projector of savings' banks, XXI.
327-
DEFORMITIES, Surgical treatment of,
xxii. 691.
DEGAID, Irish clan, xin. 245.
DE GEER, Charles, Swedish entomo
logist, xxiv. 806.
DE GERANDO, Marie Joseph, French
metaphysician, vn. 31.
DEGGENDORF, town, Bavaria, vn. 32.
DEGH, river, India, xxi. 850.
D'EGLANTINE, P. F. N. Fabre, French
dramatist and Revolutionist, vin. 840.
DEGLUTITION, Process of, i. 838; xvn.
670.
DEGRADATION, from knighthood, xiv.
125.
DEGREE, angular magnitude, xxni. 9,
563; of the meridian, length of, X.
198.
DEGREES, Academical, VIII. 777; origin
of, xxni. 835; Scottish, xxni. 855.
DE-GUE, district, Tibet, XXIII. 342.
DE HEEM, Johannes, Dutch painter, XL
611.
DE HERBERAY, Nicolas, French trans
lator of Amadis, XX. 654.
DEHLI (Delhi, q.v.), India, vn. 45.
DEHRA, town, India, vn. 33.
- DUN, district, India, vn. 32.
DEHRI SHAH AN, village, Punjab, India,
xx. 298.
DEIFICATION, n. 199.
DEI FlLIUS, constitution passed by
Vatican council, xxiv. 112.
DEIFR (Deira, q.r.), Celtic kingdom,
England, xvn. 568.
DEIOCES, Median king, xvin. 562.
DEIPNOS.OPHIST/E, Athenojus's work, n.
831.
DEIRA, Celtic kingdom, England, v.
301; vin. 270; xvn. 568.
DEIR-EL-KAMAR, town of the Druses,
vn. 483.
DIERMEN TEPE, hill, near Smyrna,
Asia Minor, xxn. 186.
DEISM, vn. 33 ; xxin. 244 ; Lord
Herbert's, XI. 722 ; Sliaftesbury's,
xxi. 734 ; Tindul's, xxin. 404;
Clmbb's writings on, v. 757.
DEISTS, English, their writings, vin.
427 ; Bishop Butler's opposition to,
iv. 583.
, SHORT AND EASY METHOD WITH
THE, Leslie's work, xiv. 476.
DEITY, Idea of the, xxin. 235. See
also God.
DE JUSSIEU, French family of botanists,
XIII. 788.
DEKABRISTS, Rebellion of, in Russia,
XXI. 101.
DEKEN, Aagjen, Dutch writer, xn. 96.
DEKKER, Jeremias de, Dutch poet, vn.
37-
— , Thomas, English dramatist, vil.
37, 432-
DE LA BADIE, Jean, French Pietist, xiv.
163.
DE LA BASTIE, Sieur, French envoy in
Scotland, xxi. 497.
DE LA BECHE, Henry Thomas, English
geologist, vn. 38.
DE LA CONDAMINE, Charles Marie,
French savant, x. 189; xiv. 193;
measuring arc of meridian, vn. 598.
DELACROIX, Ferdinand Victor Eugene,
French painter, vn. 39.
DE LAGARDIE, Count, Swedish general
and chancellor, xxn. 748.
DELAGOA BAY, South-East Africa, vn.
40.
DE LA LIVE D' EPINAY, Madame, French
authoress, vin. 482.
DELAMBRE, Jean Baptiste Joseph,
French mathematician and astronomer,
vn. 40; 11.758; his logarithmic tables,
xxin. 10; his formulae in spherical
trigonometry, xxin. 566.
DELANE, John Thaddeus, English
journalist, XVII. 418.
DE LANGLE, P. A. M. Fleuriot, French
navigator, xiv. 298.
DE LANNOY, Baroness, Dutch poetess,
xn. 96.
DE LA RIVE, Auguste, Swiss physicist,
vn. 41.
DELAROCHE, Hippolyte, French painter,
vn. 41.
DELARUE, Gervais, French historian,
vn. 42.
D E L — D E M
127
DE LA RUE, W., on sun spots, n. 786
his observatory, at Cranford, England
xvn. 711.
DELAUNAY, Charles, on the lunar
theory, xvi. 80 1.
, Charles, assumed name of Madame
Girardin, French writer, x. 621.
, Marguerite Jeanne Cordier, Baronne
cle Staal, xxn. 439.
DELAVIGNE, Jean Francois Casimir,
French poet and dramatist, VII. 43,
427; IX. 672.
DELAWARE, river, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
vn. 44; xviii. 500, 736.
, State, U.S.A., vn. 44; population,
xxm. 802; colony of, xxm. 730.
— , town, Ohio, U.S.A., vn. 45,
DELA WARES, American -Indian tribe,
xii. 831.
DE LA WARR, Peter, speaker of House
of Commons, XVIIL 306.
DEL CHIARO, on Walachia, xxi. 17.
DEL ClMENTO, Florentine academy, I.
70; xv. 793.
DELCOURT, Dupuis, aeronaut, I. 193.
DEL CREDERE AGENT, in commerce,
vn. 45.
DE L' EPEE, Abbe, vm. 457; his labours
on behalf of deaf-mutes, vn. 7.
DELESSITE, mineral, x. 228; xvi. 414.
DELFICO, Melchiorre, Italian jurist, vn.
45-
DELFT, town, Holland, vn. 45.
WARE, xix. 631.
DELHI, district, India, vn. 45; xx. 109.
, or Dehli, town, India, VII. 46;
siege of (1857), xii. Sio; school of
poets at, XI. 848.
DELI, district, Sumatra, xxn. 639.
, island, Java, xm. 600.
— , town, Timor, Indian Archipelago,
xxm. 398.
DELIA, Greek festival, vn. 49.
, Tibullus's love, xxm. 349.
DELICT, in law, xxm. 454.
DELILLE, Jacques, French poet, VII. 49;
IX. 665.
DELINEATION, in drawing, vn. 447.
DELIRIUM, mental disorder, vn. 50;
xm. 106.
TREMENS, vn. 50.
DELISLE, Guillaume, his map of the
Old World, x. 1 88.
— , Joseph Nicolas, on astronomy, n.
757; his thermometer, xxm. 289.
— , Rome, on crystals, VI. 672.
DELITZSCH, town, Prussia, vn. 51.
DELLA CHIAJE, Italian naturalist,
xxiv. 806.
DELLA PORT A, Giacomo, Italian archi
tect, II. 439.
DELLA PORTA, Giovanni Battista,
Italian natural philosopher, xix. 525;
his steam-engine, xxn. 473; his con
nexion with the telescope, xxm. 135.
DELLA ROBBIA, Florentine family of
artists, xx. 588.
DELLA VALLE, Pietro, Italian traveller
xxiv. 43.
DELLMAN'S ELECTROMETER, vm. 119
DEL MONTE, Gian Maria (Pope Julius-
Ill.), xm. 772.
DELOLME, Jean Louis, Swiss jurist, vn
SI
DE LONG, Lieut., Arctic explorer, XIX.
326.
DELOS, island, Greece, yii. 51; 11. 185;
amphictyony of, I. 773; XI. 100;
worship of Latona in, xiv. 345.
DE LOUTHERBOURG, Philip James,
painter, vn. 52.
DELPHI, town, Greece, vn. 52; II. 185;
amphictyony of, I. 772; oracle and
temple at, xvn. 808; vn. 53; XL 98;
xiv. 345.
, Mount, Euboea, Greece, Vin. 647.
DELPHINAPTERUS, genus of cetacean
mammals, xv. 398; xxiv. 525.
DELPHIN EDITIONS, of the classics, in.
657.
DELPHINIA, Greek festival, vn. 53.
DELPHINID/E, family of Cetacea, xv.
398.
DELPHINIUM, Greek harbour, xvin.
50.
— , plant, Xii. 255.
DEL Rio, Ercole, Italian chessplayer, v.
601.
DELRIO, Martin, on demoniacal posses
sion, vn. 62.
DELTA, at mouth of a river, x. 278, 319;
XX. 580; formation of, xn. 504; of
the Nile, VII. 768.
, territory, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
, assumed name of David Macbeth
Moir, Scottish poet, xvi. 608.
DELUC, Jean Andre, Swiss geologist,
vn. 53; xxn. 799.
DELUGE, in primitive cosmogonies, vn.
54; xvn. 143.
DELUSION, in insanity, xin. 105.
DEMADES, Greek orator, vn. 57.
DEMAGNETIZATION, xv. 254.
DE MAILLET, Benoit, his evolutionist
views, vm. 748.
DE MAISTRE, Joseph, French dip
lomatist and polemical writer, xv.
306.
DE MAISTRE, Xavier, French writer,
xv. 307; IX. 672.
DEMAK, town, Java, xin. 606.
DEMAND AND SUPPLY, in economics,
xxiv. 47.
DEMATOPHORA NECATRIX, vine fungus,
xxiv. 240.
DEMBINSKI, Henry, Hungarian general,
xn. 372.
D EM BOWS K I, Baron, his observatory
at Gallarate, Italy, xvn. 714.
DEMENTIA, mental disease, xin. 107.
DEMERARA, county, British Guiana, XL
249; river, XL 250.
DEMETER, Greek goddess (the Roman
Ceres), v. 345; xvn. 127; festival of
(Thesmophoria), XXIII. 295; mysteries
of, vm. 126.
DEMETRIA, Greek festival, vn. 57.
DEMETRIAS, ancient town, Thessaly,
Greece, xxm. 299; xxiv. 282.
DEMETRIUS, Bactrian king, xvin. 590.
L, Poliorcetes, king of Macedonia,
vn. 57.
II., of Macedonia, vn. 58.
L, Soter, king of Persia and Syria,
vn. 58; xin. 422; xvin. 590.
II., Nicator, of Persia and Syria,
vn. 58; xin. 423; xvin. 591.
III., Euergetes, of Syria, vn. 58;
xvin. 595.
, bishop of Alexandria, his relations
with Origen, xvn. 840.
, Greek Cynic philosopher, vn. 58.
(Dmitri, q.v.), Russian pretender,
xxi. 108.
of Scepsis, ancient writer on the
Trojans, xxm. 581.
PHALEREUS, Greek Peripatetic
philosopher, vn. 58.
DEMIDOFF, Russian noble family, vn.
59-
DEMIDOWITE, mineral, xvi. 411.
DEMISE, in law, xiv. 273.
DEMIURGE, in Gnosticism, x. 704;
Marcion's doctrine of the, xv. 534.
DEMMIN, town, Prussia, vn. 59.
DEMOCRACY, Government by, xi. u;
in France (1789), IX. 597; in relation
to socialism, xxil. 221.
DEMOCRATIC PARTY, United States,
xxm. 755, 764, 771.
DEMOCRITUS, Greek philosopher, vn.
59-
, Christianus, assumed name of J. C.
Dippel, German theologian and al
chemist, vn. 255.
DEMOGRAPHY, or Statistics, xxn. 463.
DEMOIVRE, Abraham, mathematician,
vn. 60; his law of mortality, n. 76;
on probability, xix. 769.
DEMOIVRE'S THEOREM, in analytical
trigonometry, XXin. 568.
DEMON, vn. 60. See Daemon.
DEMONESI, or Demonnesi, islands, Sea
of Marmora, xix. 742.
DEMONIACAL POSSESSION, Theories of.
11. 56; vn. 61.
DEMONOLOGY, vn. 60; xv. 199.
DE MONTCORBIER (F. Villon), French
poet, xxiv. 232.
DE MONTE, G. B. (Montanus), Italian
physician, xv. 809.
DE MONTS, French settler, Maine,
U.S.A., XV. 300.
DE MORGAN, Augustus, English mathe
matician and logician, vii. 64.
DEMOS, Athenian, compared with Roman
plebs, xvn. 526.
3EMOSPONGlyE, subclass of sponges,
xxn. 421, 425.
DEMOSTHENES, Athenian general in
Syracusan war, xxn. 815.
128
D E M— D E R
DEMOSTHENES, Greek orator, vn. 67;
XL 103, 142 ; his ridicule of Alex
ander, I. 481 ; liis connexion with
Isseus, xni. 376.
DEMOTICA, town, European Turkey, vii.
74-
DEMOTIC WRITING, in Egypt, xi. 794.
DEMPO, mountain, Sumatra, xxil. 638.
DEMPSTER, Thomas, Scottish scholar,
vii. 74.
DEMTER (Deventer), town, Holland, vn.
i35-
DEMURRAGE, in maritime law, vn. 75.
DEMURRER, in law, vn. 75.
DENAIN, town, France, vii. 75; xvn.
535-
DENAIR, town, Asia Minor, n. 147.
DENARIUS, Roman coin, xvn. 652, 655.
DENBIGH, county, Wales, vn. 76; popu
lation and representation, xxni. 727;
coalfield, vi. 52.
DENDERAH, or Dendarah, village, Upper
Egypt, vn. 77; temple of, vn. 776.
DENDERMONDE, town, Belgium, vn.
78.
DENDROCOPUS, genus of birds, xxiv.
652.
DENDRCECA, genus of birds, xxiv. 367.
DENDROHYRAX, genus of ungulate
mammals, xn. 599; xv. 423.
DENDROLAGUS, genus of marsupial
mammals, xin, 840.
DENDROPHID^E, family of snakes, xxn.
192, 195.
DENESHKIN (or DENEZHKIN) KAMEN,
mountain, Russia, xvin. 549; xxiv. 4.
D'ENGHiEN, Due, French Royalist, vin.
214; his execution, xvn. 207.
DENGHIZ (Balkash, q.v.), lake, Central
Asia, xxi. 640.
DENHA, Syriac writer, xxn. 848.
DENHAM, Dixon, African traveller, I.
246; v. 801.
— , Sir John, English poet, VII. 78;
vin. 424.
DENIER, medioeval coin, xvn. 654.
DEN IN A, Carlo Giovanni Maria, Italian
historian, vn. 79.
DENIS, St, patron saint of France, vn.
79; xvin. 286.
, king of Portugal, XIX. 542, 555.
, island, Seychelles, XXI. 725.
DENISON, town, Texas, U.S.A., xxni.
205.
DENIZ, Ak, lake, Syria, xxn. 821.
DENIZEN, in law, vn. 79.
DENMAN, Lord, chief-justice of England,
vn. 79.
DENMARK, vn. 80; union with Nor
way, XVII. 589; union with Sweden
(1397), xxn. 746; seizure of fleet by
England (1807), xvn. 212; Prussian
and Austrian invasion ( 1 864), in. 139;
IX. 625; academy, I. 73; army, 11.615;
birds, xvin. 17; church, vin. 491 ; coins,
xvn. 658; drama, vn. 444; forests, IX.
400; language, xxi. 373; libraries, xiv.
532, 549; literature, vn. 89; national
debt, xvn. 246; newspapers, xvn. 430;
observatories, XVII. 714; oyster culture,
xvin. 108; periodical literature, xvin.
543; prison system, xix. 759; railways,
XX. 251; Reformation in, XX. 336;
weights and measures, xxiv. 490.
DENNEWITZ, Prussia, Battle of (1813),
xvn. 220.
DENNIS, John, English critic and poet,
vn. 94.
DENNY, town, Scotland, xxn. 554.
DENON, Baron de, French artist and
archaeologist, vn. 95.
DENSITY, of bodies, defined, xv. 698;
unit of, vii. 241 ; determination of, xn.
536; tables of, xn. 541; of water of
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, xvin.
1 20.
DENT, Alfred, English settler, North
Borneo, xxi. 124.
, E. J., English watchmaker, xxiv.
396.
DENTALIUM, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
663.
DENTIFRICES, xvin. 526.
DENTINE, or Ivory, vn. 233; xin. 520;
xv. 349.
DENTISTRY, vn. 95; artificial teeth, xin.
523 ; in relation to medicine, xv.
797-
DENTITION, of man, vn. 96, 232; of
fishes, xn. 654; of mammals, xv. 349
(and article Mammalia throughout);
of the horse, XII. 178; of the vole,
xxiv. 277; of the walrus, xxiv. 337.
D'ENTRECASTEAUX, J. A. Bruni, French
navigator, vin. 454; x. 190.
ISLANDS, New Guinea, xvn. 386.
DENUDATION, in geology, x. 372.
DEOBAND, town, India, xxi. 152.
DEODAND, in English law, vn. 100.
DEODAR, tree, v. 286; ix. 405; culture
of, n. 319.
DEODATUS, St, of Nevers, xxi. 161.
DEOGAN, chief god of the Kafirs, Asia,
xin. 822.
DEOGHAR, town, India, xxi. 297.
DEOGURH (Dowletabad), fortress, India,
vn. 382.
DEOR'S COMPLAINT, Anglo-Saxon poem,
vin. 403.
D£PARCIEUX, Antoine, his mortality
tables, n. 76.
DEPARTMENT, French administrative
division, ix. 509, 600.
DEPARTURE, in navigation, xvn. 264.
D'EPINAY, Madame, French authoress,
vin. 482; as patroness of Rousseau,
xxi. 25.
DEPLOYMENT, of an army, xxiv. 352.
DEPOSITS, geological, x. 276; in North
Sea, XVII. 563; in Norwegian Sea,
xvn. 593; in Pacific Ocean, xvin.
121.
, in savings banks, xix. 573; XXI.
DEPOTS, Military, xxiv. 353.
-, Railway, xx. 234.
DEPRES, Josquin, Flemish musical com
poser, vn. 101; xvn. 83; xvin. 180.
DEPRESSION, in insanity, xin. 105.
DEPTFORD, town, England, vn. 101;
dockyard, vn. 310; Trinity House at,
xxni. 574.
DEPULSOR, epithet of Jupiter, xin. 780.
DE QUATREFAGES, J. L. A., on silk
worm disease, XXIL 59; on Teredo,
xxni. 185.
DE QUINCEY, Thomas, English writer,
VII. 101.
DERA, river, Morocco, xvi. 832.
— GHAZI KHAN, district, India, vn.
104; xx. 109.
ISMAIL KHAN, district, India, vn.
105; xx. 109.
DERAJAT, division, India, vn. 105; xx.
109.
DE RANC£, Armand J. B., abbot of La
Trappe, xxni. 523.
DERAYA, or Dereyeh, town, Arabia, vn.
113-
DERBE, town, Asia Minor, xv. 92.
DERBEND, town, Hissar, Central Asia,
xn. 3.
-, or Derbent, town, Russia, vn. 105.
DERBY, county, England, vn. 106; popu
lation and representation, xxni. 727;
coalfield, vi. 51.
, town, England, vn. 108; porcelain
factory at, xix. 641.
— , horse race, England, xn. 201.
-, Earls of, their connexion with Isle
of Man, XV. 454; fourteenth carl,
English statesman, VII. 109; vin.
366.
DERBYSHIRE NECK, disease, x. 739.
DEREHAM, town, England, xvn. 536.
DE RETZ, Cardinal, leader of Fronde,
xx. 488; ix. 572.
DEREVERAGH, Lough, Ireland, xxiv.
512.
DEREYEH, town, Arabia, vn. 113.
DERG, Lough, Ireland, vn. 362.
DERHAM, William, English divine and
man of science, vn. 113.
D'ERLON, Count Drouet, French
general, vii. 473.
DERMATEMYS, genus of chelonian
reptiles, xxni. 457.
DERMATINE, mineral, xvi. 415.
DERMATOCHELYS, genus of chelonian
reptiles, XXIII. 457.
DERMATOGEN, primary epidermis of
plants, xn. 15.
DERMATOLOGY, in relation to medicine,
xv. 797.
DERMATOPHYTA, group of vegetable
parasites, xxiv. 206.
DERMATOZOA, group of animal parasites,
xxiv. 206.
DERMOD MACMURROUGH, king of
Leinster, Ireland, xin. 258.
DERMOID CYST, disease, xvin. 372.
D E R — D E U
129
DERMOPTERA, suborder of insectivorous
mammals, XV. 401.
DERNA (Darnis), seaport, Tripoli,
North Africa, XXIII. 575.
DE' Rossi, Gian Battista, on the Cata
combs, v. 207.
DE ROSSI, J. B., his edition of the
Hebrew Bible, ill. 647.
DERRY, or Londonderry (q.v.), town,
Ireland, Xiv. 853.
DERTONA (Tortona), ancient town, Italy,
XXIII. 460.
DERTOSA (Tortosa), ancient town, Spain,
xxm. 460.
DERVISH, DERVISHES, vn. 113; xxn.
662,665; Egyptian, VII. 726; dancing
(Maulawi), xxi. 59.
DERWENT, river, Derbyshire, England,
VII. 1 06.
, river, Northumberland, England,
XVII. 565.
— , river, Tasmania, xxm. 72.
DERWENTWATER, lake, England, vi. 699.
DERZHAVIN, Gabriel, Russian poet,
xxi. 1 06.
DE SACY, Antoine Isaac, Baron Silvestre,
French Orientalist, xxi. 140.
— , Isaac Louis Le Maitre, Port
Royalist, xxi. 141.
DESAGULIERS, Jean Theophile, his
electrical experiments, vill. 4.
DESAIX DE VOYGOUX, Louis C. A.,
French general, VII. 114.
DE SALLO, Denis, French man of letters,
xvin. 539.
DESARGUE'S THEOREM, of projections,
xix. 794.
DESAUGIERS, Marc Antoine Madeleine,
French dramatist, vu. 114.
DESAULT, Pierre Joseph, French
anatomist, VII. 115; Bichat's connexion
with, in. 664.
DE SAUSSURE, Horace Benedict, xxi.
323; on glaciers, x. 629.
DE SAUSSURE, Nicolas T., xxi. 324.
DE SAUTY, his electric telegraph test,
xxm. 118.
DESCANT, musical, xvn. 81.
DESCARTES, Rene, French philosopher,
vu. 115; his application of algebra to
geometry, I. 514; xm. 6; on axioms,
111.159; on evolution, vill. 747, 759; on
the extension of matter, ill. 37; his
logic, Xiv. 791; his metaphysic, XVI.
91; on squaring the circle, XXII. 435;
his influence on French literature, ix.
660; his connexion with Pascal, XVIII.
334; Leibnitz's criticism of, Xiv. 421.
DESCENT, in law, xm. 77; rules of, 'in
aboriginal tribes, xxm. 473.
DESCHAMPS, Eustache, French poet,
vn. 128; ix. 644.
DESCHAPPELLES, A. L. H. L., French
chessplayer, v. 601.
DES CHUTES, river, Oregon, U.S.A.,
XVII. 822.
DESCLOIZITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
DES CLOT, Bernat, Catalan chronicler,
xxii. 363.
DESEADO, river, Patagonia, xvin. 353.
DESERT, DESERTS, Oases in, xvn. 695;
of Arabia, n. 239; Gobi, Central Asia,
x. 712; Sahara, Africa, xxi. 149.
DESERTAS, islands, Madeira, xv. 181.
DESERTED VILLAGE, Goldsmith's poem,
x. 762.
DESERTION, in military law, xvi. 298.
— of a wife, vu. 301 ; xxiv. 643.
DESFONTAINES, Rene Louiche, French
botanist, vn. 129.
DESFUL (Dizful), town, Persia, vu. 305;
xviii. 627.
DESHOULIERES, Antoinette, French
poetess, vil. 129.
DESIDERI, P. Ipolito, traveller in Tibet,
xiv. 503.
DESIDERIO DA SETTIGNANO, Italian
sculptor, vil. 129.
DESIGN, Artistic, vil. 446; copyright in,
vi. 364.
, Doctrine of (Teleology), xviii. 182;
xx. 301; xxm. 248; xxiv. 802.
DESIGNATIONS, Abbreviations of, i. 28.
DESIMA, island, Japan, xvn. 164.
DESIRE, Psychological analysis of, xx.
74-
DES LOGES (F. Villon), French poet,
xxiv. 232.
DESMAREST, Anselme, on birds, xviii.
n.
DESMIDIE^E, division of Alga?, I. 508;
vu. 170.
DESMODUS RUFUS, blood-sticking bat,
xv. 415; xxiv. 52.
DESMOGNATHOUS TYPE, of birds, in.
711.
DES MoiNES, town, Iowa, U.S.A., vn.
ISO-
DESMOND, Earls of, Ireland, vi. 404;
xiv. 52; their rebellions, XIII. 264,
265 ; first earl (Maurice Fitzgerald),
Xlll. 260.
DESMOTHORACA, order of Protozoa,
xix. 845.
DESMOULINS, Camille, French journal
ist and Revolutionist, vn. 130; ix.
673-
, Roger, grand-master of Knights of
St John, xxi. 174.
DES MURS, M. A. P. CE., on birds,
xvin. 13, 32.
DESOLATION ISLAND, Southern Ocean,
xiv. 48.
DESOLATION LAND, Tierra del Fuego,
South America, xxm. 384.
DE SOTO, Ferdinando, Spanish explorer,
VIL 131.
DESPENAPERROS, pass, Spain, xxn. 294.
DESPENSER, Hugh, minister of Edward
II. of England, vn. 683.
DES PERIERS, Bonaventure, French
writer, IX. 653.
DESPORTES, Abbe, French poet, xx.
347-
DESPREZ (Depres, q.v.), Josquin, Flemish
composer, vil. 101.
DESSAIX, Joseph Maria, Count, French
general, vn. 132.
DESSALINES, Negro chief, Hayti, XL
545-
DESSAU, town, Germany, vn. 132.
DESSAUER, Der Alte, Leopold, duke of
Anhalt-Dessau, xiv. 467.
DESSLER, Wolfgang C., German hymn-
writer, xil. 587.
DE STAEL, Madame, French writer,
xxii. 439; ix. 672.
D'ESTE, princely house, Italy, vill. 558;
IX. 108; xvi. 542; xx. 341.
, Leonora, friend of Tasso, xxm.
76.
DE STENDHAL (M. H. Beyle), French
writer, ill. 621.
DESTERRO, town, Brazil, vn. 132.
DESTINY, Oriental ideas of, I. 464.
, novel, by Miss Ferrier, IX. 111.
DESTRUCTION OF THE PHILOSOPHERS,
Al-Gazali's treatise, I. 510.
DESTRUCTIVENESS, in phrenology,
xviii. 845.
DESTUTT DE TRACY, A. L. C., French
philosopher, XXIII. 497.
DETECTIVES, Police, xix. 337.
DETERMINANTS, in algebra, i. 516;
vill. 497; Spottiswoode on, xxn.
432.
DETERMINISM, in philosophy, xxm.
234-
DE THOU, Jacques A., French historian,
XXIII. 315; IX. 659.
DETMOLD, town, Germany, vn. 133;
xiv. 683.
DE TOCQUEVILLE, A. H. C. ChereV
Comte, French writer, xxm. 430;
IX. 675.
DETONATION, of explosives, vin. 809.
DETROIT, town, Michigan, U.S.A., vn.
133; population, XXIII. 822.
DETTINGEN, Bavaria, Battle of (1743),
ix. 586.
DEUCALION, in Greek legend, VIL 134.
DEULWARA, India, Temples of, I. 59.
D'EUSE, Jacques (Pope John XXII.),
xm. 712.
DEUTERONOMY, Book of, in. 637; XIIL
415; xvin. 505.
DEUTSCH, use of the word, x. 473; as
applied to language, x. 514.
, Emanuel Oscar Menahem, German
Orientalist, vil. 134.
DEUTSCHE THEOLOGIE, mystical book
of devotion, xv 1 1. 133.
DEUTSCHKATHOLIKEN, or German
Catholics, x. 444.
DEUTSCHKRONE, town, Prussia, vn.
134-
DEUTZ, town, Rhenish Prussia, VI I. 134.
DEUX FONTS (Zweibriicken), town,
Bavarian Palatinate, VII. 134.
DEUX SEVRES, department, France,
xxi. 710.
XXV. — 17
130
D E V — D I A
DEVA, in Hindu theology, xxiv. 821.
DEVANAGARI, the current Sanskrit
character, xxi. 272; numerals in,
xvii. 626.
DEVAPRAYAGA, town, India, vn. 135.
DEVASTAVIT, in law, xxiv. 394.
DEVELOPMENT, Animal, Doctrine of,
vin. 745; XX. 420; xxiv. 815, 801;
in relation to ethnology, vin. 616,
618; Lamarck's theory of, xiv. 232.
, Embryonic, vin. 163; in human
anatomy, I. 830, 842, 850, 853, 855,
858, 863, 908; of Mollusca, xvi. 637,
682; of tapeworms, xxm. 52; of
trematode worms, xxni. 537.
DEVENTER, town, Holland, vii. 135;
xvni. 78; educationists of, vn. 672;
mediaeval college of, xiv. 31.
DEVEREUX, Walter and Robert, earls of
Essex, vin. 555, 556.
DE Vice's COMET, vi. 192, 193.
DE VIGNY, Alfred Victor, Comte, French
poet and novelist, vn. 135.
DEVIL, vii. 136, 60; in miracle plays,
vii. 415.
FISH, vii. 138; xn. 686; xx. 300.
DE VILLE, Antoine, French military
engineer, IX. 441.
DEVILLE, Etienne Henri Sainte-Claire,
French chemist, xxi. 165; on alu
minium, I. 647; on chemical dissocia
tion, v. 475; on platinum, XIX. 190;
his pyrometer, xx. 131.
DE VILLIERS, John, grand-master of
Knights of St John, XXI. 174.
DEVIL'S DARNING NEEDLE, insect,
vii. 385.
DEVIL'S DUST, adulterant of cloth, 1. 176.
DEVIL'S DYKE, Sussex, England, xxn.
723-
DEVIL'S SONATA, Tartini's, xxni. 71.
DEVIL'S TOWER, natural pillar, Rocky
Mountains, U.S.A., xxni. 797.
DEVIL-WORSHIP, by Rais (or Retz), xx.
258.
DE VISE, Donneau, French journalist,
xvii. 424.
DEVIZES, town, England, vii. 138;
population, xxiv. 594.
DEVOLUTION WAR, between England
and the Netherlands, ix. 575.
DEVON (Devonshire, q.v.), county, Eng
land, vii. 139; xxni. 727.
, river, Scotland, v. 798.
DEVONIAN ROCKS, x. 340.
DEVONPORT, town, England, vn. 138;
Xix. 236; dockyard, vii. 318.
DEVONS, North, breed of cattle, I. 388.
DEVONSHIRE, county, England, vn.
139; population and representation,
xxni. 727; fisheries of, ix. 253.
, First Duke of, vn. 143.
DEVR, dance of the dervishes, vn. 114.
DEW, xvi. 120.
DE WARVILLE, Jean Pierre Brissot,
French Revolutionist, IV. 347.
DEWBERRY, plant, vn. 143.
D'EWES, Sir Simonds, English chronic
ler, vii. 143.
DE WETTE, Wilhelm Martin Leberecht,
German theologian, vn. 144; on the
Pentateuch, xvni. 505 ; on German
rationalism, xx. 290.
DE WINTER, Jan Willem, Dutch
admiral, vn. 144.
DE WITT, Cornelius, Dutch burgomaster,
vii. 145.
, John, Dutch statesman, vn. 145;
xii. 80.
DEW-POINT, vm. 727; xii. 570.
DEWSBURY, town, England, vii. 146 ;
population and representation, xxiv.
748.
DEXTRIN, or British gum, vii. 146; xv.
338.
DEXTROGLUCOSE, in honey, xn. 136.
DEXTROSE, or Grape Sugar, ix. 96; xv.
338; xxii. 623.
DEY, governor of Algiers, I. 566 ; of
Tunis, xxni. 621.
DEYRSIMLIS, Kurdish tribe, xiv. 157.
DHAKA (Dacca), district and town,
India, VI. 756.
DHAMMASAT, Burmese code of law, iv.
553-
DHAMRA, river, India, v. 243.
DHAR, native state, India, vn. 146.
DHARMA, doctrine or laws, in Tibet and
India, XXI. 287; xiv. 227.
DHARMASUTRAS, Sanskrit laws, xxi.
288.
DHARMNATH, India, Temple at, i. 423.
DHARM RAJA, spiritual ruler of Bhutan,
in. 632.
DHARNA, Hindu custom, xiv. 360.
DHARWAR, district, India, vn. 146.
DHAWALAGIRI, or Diwalgiri, mountain,
Himalayas, XL 825.
DHEBAR, artificial lake, India, xxni.
716.
DHOLIBA, name of the Niger, river,
Africa, XVII. 496.
DHOLPUR, native state, India, vn. 147;
xx. 260.
D'HoziER, Pierre, French genealogist
and journalist, XVII. 424.
DHU HEARTACH ROCK LIGHTHOUSE,
Scotland, xiv. 616.
DHULIP SINK, or Dhalip Singh, Sikh
ruler, India, xn. 808; xx. 112.
DHUPAN, river, India, xxi. 146.
DIABASE, rock, x. 235.
DIABETES, disease, vii. 147; xvii. 681;
xvni. 386; diet in, vn. 207.
D I ABLE BOITEUX, Le Sage's work, xiv.
472.
DIABLERETS, mountain, Vaud, Switzer
land, xxiv. 115.
DIABLO, Monte, California, U.S.A.,
xxni. 801.
DIACRIOI, Athenian political party, Xix.
130.
DIADEM, crown, VI. 619; ancient, xin.
676.
DIADOCHITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
DIAGORAS, Greek poet, vn. 148.
DIAGRAMS, geometrical figures, vn. 149.
DIAL, or Gnomon, sun-dial, vii. 153; first
construction of, n. 746.
— , of a clock, vi. 31.
, American magazine, I. 729.
DIALECTIC, in logic, xiv. 785, 786;
Zeno's invention of, xxiv. 778 ; in
ancient Greece, n. 516; Socrates's
use of, xxn. 236.
DIALECTICIANS, school of Greek philo
sophy, xxn. 562.
DIALECTS, xvni. 776.
DlALLAGE, mineral, X. 235; xvi. 416.
DIALLING, vn. 153.
DlALOGITE, mineral, XVI. 398.
DIALOGUE ON ORATORS, by Tacitus,
xxni. 20.
DIALOGUES, Plato's, xix. 195.
— ON NATURAL RELIGION, Hume's,
xn. 355.
DIALYSIS, in physics, vn. 217.
DlAMAGNETIC BODIES, XV. 244, 262.
DIAMAGNETISM, of flames, ix. 285.
DIAMANTE, Fra, Italian painter, vn.
162.
DIAMANTINA, district, Queensland, xx.
171.
, or Tejuco, town, Brazil, VII. 162.
DIAMANTINO, town, Brazil, vn. 162.
DlAMASTIGOSIS, flogging of youths,
Spartan custom, ix. 280.
DIAMETER, of circle, ratio of circum
ference to, xxni. 563.
DIAMOND, precious stone, vn. 162;
xvi. 381; as carbon, v. 86; cutting of,
XIV. 298; I. 780; mining, XVI. 455;
of Brazil, iv. 224; of India, xn. 766;
of South Africa, v. 42, 46 ; XI. 204;
xxni. 518; tools, XI. 439; xvi. 443
— BEETLE, vi. 133.
DRILL, in mining, xvi. 443.
- NECKLACE, Intrigue of the, xx.
623.
PEAK, mountain, Oregon, U.S.A..
xvii. 822.
DIANA, Roman goddess (the Greek
Artemis), vn. 167; n. 643; xin. 568;
her association with Apollo, n. 186;
temple of, at Ephesus, n. 406, 410;
vin. 468.
DIANA'S PEAK, St Helena, xxi. 170.
DIANO, town, Italy, vn. 167.
DIANTHUS, genus of plants, xix. 106.
DIAPASON, organ pipe, xvii. 830.
DIAPER, in architecture, n. 463.
, kind of cloth, xxni. 210; Japanese,
xin. 590.
DIAPHANEITY, transparency, in mine
rals, xvi. 373.
DIAPHONOMETER, Saussure's invention,
xxi. 324.
D I APHONY, in music, XVII. 81.
DIAPHORETICS, in medicine, vn. 167.
DIAPHRAGM, of mammals, xv. 365; in
human anatomy, xx. 476.
D I A — D I G
131
DIARBEKIR, or Diarbekr, town, Asiatic
Turkey, VII. 168; province, XXIII. 653.
DIARMAIT, Irish king, xm. 250.
DIARRHCEA, disease, vn. 168.
DlARTHRODIAL JOINTS, I. 833.
DIARY OF A LATE PHYSICIAN, by
S. Warren, xxiv. 373.
DIAS, Antonio Gongalves, Brazilian
poet and historian, vil. 168.
, Bartolommeo, Portuguese navi
gator, vil. 169; x. 1 80.
DIASPORA, the Jewish dispersion, xm.
429.
DIASPORE, mineral, xvi. 387.
DIASTALTIC SPINAL SYSTEM, of Mar
shall Hall, XL 390.
DIASTASE, nitrogenoiis ferment, IX. 96;
iv. 267; xv. 338.
DIATESSARON, Tatian's, xxn. 824;
xxin. Si.
DIATHERMANCY, of air, in. 33.
DlATOMACE^, subdivision of Alga?, vil.
169; I. 508; haematite deposits formed
by, XIII. 286.
DIATOM OOZE, of North Sea, XVH. 563;
of Norwegian Sea, XVII. 593 ; of
Pacific Ocean, xvm. 123.
DIATONIC SCALE, in music, i. 108 ;
xvn. 79, 91.
DIAZ, Eodrigo, The Cid (q.v.), V. 773.
DE LA PENA, Narcisse Virgile,
French painter, vn. 171.
DlAZO-BODiES, nitrogenous carbon com
pounds, xvii. 519.
DIBDIN, Charles, English song- writer
and composer, vn. 171.
, Thomas, English dramatist, VIL
172.
, Thomas Frognall, English biblio
grapher, VIL 172.
DIBRANCHIATA, order of Mollusca, xvi.
669.
DIBRUGARH, station, Assam, India, xiv.
225.
DIBUTADES (Butades), Greek modeller
in clay, iv. 579.
DIC^EARCHIA (Pozzuoli), ancient town,
Italy, xix. 651.
DIC^EARCHUS, Greek philosopher and
geographer, vn. 172; XVIII. 545; XXII.
20.
DICHOPSIS GUTTA, species of trees, XL
337-
DICHOTOMY, Law of, in psychology, xx.
79-
DICHROISM, in mineralogy, xvi. 375.
DICHROITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
Di-CHU, river, Tibet, xxin. 339.
DICK, Thomas, Scottish writer, vn. 173.
, William, Scottish veterinarian,
xxiv. 199.
- BEQUEST, for schools in North of
Scotland, I. 45.
DICKENS, Charles, English novelist, vn.
173-
DICKENSON, John, English pastoral
poet, xvin. 346.
DICKINSONITE, mineral, XVI. 405.
DICKSON, David, Scottish hymn- writer,
XIL 591.
DICKSONIA, genus of tree-ferns, xxin.
534-
DICKSON'S GLACIER, Spitzbergen, xxn.
408.
DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS, iv. 92.
DICOTYLEDONS, subclass of plants, xxiv.
131-
DICOTYLES, genus of ungulate mammals,
xvm. 449; xxn. 775.
DICTATOR, in the Koman republic, vn.
179.
DICTIONARY, DICTIONARIES, vn. 179;
bibliographical, III. 659 ; historical
and critical (Bayle's), 111.458; Arabic,
XVI. 595; English (Johnson's), XIII.
723; English (Webster's), xxiv. 474;
French (Furetiere's), IX. 839; French
(Littre's), XIV. 706 ; Sanskrit, XXL
293-
DICTYONINA, order of sponges, xxn.
422.
DICTYOPTERA, order of insects, xm.
152.
DICTYS CRETENSIS, early Greek his
torian, VIL 193; on the legends of
Troy, xx. 637.
DICYEMIDA, group of parasites, XVIII.
259; embryology of, xx. 419.
DIDASCALOCOPHUS, Dalgarno's work,
vi. 776.
DIDELPHIA, subclass of Mammalia, xv.
37i, 378.
DIDELPHYS, genus of marsupial mam
mals, xv. 380; xvn. 796.
DIDEMNID^:, family of Tunicata, xxin.
617.
DIDEROT, Denis, French Encyclopedist,
vn. 193; vin. 197; ix. 666, 668; his
connexion with Raynal, XX. 302; his
relations with Rousseau, xxi. 25.
DIDIAN LAW, Roman, xxn. 644.
DIDIUS JULIANUS, Roman emperor, xxi.
699.
DIDO, legendary founder of Carthage,
vn. 196.
, Caucasian tribe, xiv. 475.
— AND ^NEAS, Purcell's opera, XX.
ii3-
DIDOT, family of French printers and
publishers, vil. 196.
DIDRON, Aclolphe Napoleon, French
archaeologist, vn. 196.
DIDUNCULUS, genus of birds, xix. 420.
DIDYMIUM, chemical element, v. 542;
xiv. 291; spectrum of, xxn. 376.
DIDYMUS, of Alexandria, ecclesiastical
writer, VII. 196.
DIE, in architecture, n. 463.
, for stamping medals, VII. 197.
, town, France, vn. 197.
DlEBITSCH-SABALKANSKIjIvanK.F.A.,
Count, Russian general, vn. 197.
DlECI DI LlBERTA E PACE, state
officers, Florence, xv. 146.
DIEDRICH OF BERN, Legend of, xm.
674; xvn. 475.
DIEGO GARCIA, island, Indian Ocean,
xv. 642.
DIEGO RUY'S ISLAND (Rodriguez),
Indian Ocean, xx. 619.
DIEGO SUAREZ, bay, Madagascar, xv.
168.
DIEKIRCH, town, Luxemburg, xv. 87.
DIELECTRIC, Faraday's theory of the,
vm. 36.
DIEPENBECK, Abraham van, Flemish
painter, vn. 197.
DIEPPE, town, France, vn. 198; xxi.
626.
DIES, Christoph Albert, German painter,
vn. 199.
FESTI, in ancient Rome, ix. 114.
GENIALES, Alessandri's work, i.
479-
DIE SINKING, n. 64; vn. 197; Greek,
ii. 362.
DIES IR.E, hymn, XIL 583; xxin. 308;
xxiv. 781.
DIESPITER (Jupiter), Roman god, xm.
780.
DIEST, town, Belgium, vn. 199.
DIET, German state assembly, vn. 199;
X. 463; history of, X. 501, 505, 508,
513; of Aiigsburg, q.v. (1530), v. 414;
of Roncaglia (1154), xm. 472; (1158),
xm. 473; of Worms (1521), v. 414.
DIETETICS, vn. 200; Lord Combermere's
rules of, vi. 181 ; Plutarch on, xix. 234;
water in, xxiv. 399.
DIETRICH, Christian Wilhelm Ernst,
German painter, vil. 213.
DIETRICHITE, mineral, xvi. 402,
DIEZ, Friedrich Christian, German
philologist, vn. 214; XX. 668.
DIFFERENCE, Mental perception of,
xx. 49, 80.
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS, xm. n, 13.
DIFFERENTIATION, in biology, xvi. 79.
— , in psychology, XX. 45.
DIFFRACTION, of light, xxiv. 430, 442,
454-
DIFFUSION, in physics, vn. 214; of
gases, xvi. 617.
-, Psychological, XX. 46.
DIFFUSIVITY, Thermal, XL 581, 586.
DIGAMBARAS, division of the Jains.
India, XIII. 544.
DIGARCHI, town, Tibet, xxin. 340.
DIGBY, Sir Kenelm, English physicist,
vn. 221.
DIGENEA, group of trematode worms,
xxin. 539.
DIGENIS ACRITAS, Exploits of, modern
Greek poem, XI. 148, 150.
DIGEST, of Justinian, xm. 793; xx.
712.
DIGESTER, Steam, Papin's, xvm. 228.
DIGESTION, vn. 207; xvn. 667.
DIGESTIVE ORGANS, vn. 221; of Am
phibia, I. 762; of birds, in. 725; of
fishes, XIL 654; of mammals, xv. 361;
132
D I G — D I 0
of reptiles, XX. 457; of trematode
worms, XXIII. 536.
DIGGES, Leonard, his connexion with
invention of the telescope, xxni. 135.
DIGIT, measure of length, xxiv. 483.
DIGITALIS, genus of plants, vn. 237.
DIGITATA, group of chelonian reptiles,
xxin. 457.
DIGITS, in the skeleton, I. 828; xxn.
118; of mammals, xv. 359.
DIGNE, town, France, vn. 238.
, La, island, Seychelles, Indian
Ocean, xxi. 725.
DIGNITY, or Precedence, Order of, xix.
660.
DIHANG, or Dihong, river, India and
Tibet, n. 718; xxin. 341.
DIHYRITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
DIIPOLIA, Greek festival, iv. 531; xxi.
137-
DIJON, town, France, vn. 238.
DIKA BUTTER, vegetable fat, xvn. 744,
746.
DIKA NUT, xvn. 664.
DIKRAN (Tigranes), Armenian kings,
xvm. 595, 600, 602; xxm. 386.
DILAPIDATIONS, in English law, vn.
239-
DILI, Megali and Mikri (Delos), islands,
Greece, vn. 51.
DILIGENCE, in law, vii. 239; in Scots
law, xxiv. 697.
DILKE, Sir Charles Wentworth, English
art organizer, VI I. 240.
DILL, plant, vn. 240; n. 57; xn. 289.
DlLLEN, or Dillenius, Johann Jakob,
German botanist, vii. 240.
DILLINGEN, town, Bavaria, vii. 240.
DILLON, "Wentworth, earl of Rosconimon,
xx. 850.
DILUVIAN EPOCH, n. 335.
DILUVIUM, distinguished from alluvium,
I. 589.
DIMENSIONS, in geometry, vn. 240.
DIMETHYL, in chemistry, xvi. 194.
DIMLAH, town, India, xx. 272.
DIMMA, Book of, Irish MS., xvm. 158.
DIMORPHISM, sexual specialization, xxi.
721.
DIMORPHITE, mineral, xvi. 394.
DiMORPHODON, genus of fossil reptiles,
xx. 87.
DINA CHARIYAWA, manual of Buddhism,
iv. 436.
DINAJPUR, district and town, India, vn.
241.
DINAN, town, France, VII. 242.
DINANDERIE, copper wares of Dinant,
Belgium, VII. 242.
DINANT, town, Belgium, vn. 242;
destruction of, by Charles the Bold
(1466), v. 424.
DINAPUR, town, India, vn. 242; xvm.
409.
DlNARCHUS, Greek orator, vn. 242.
DINAWARI, Arab historian, xxin. 3.
DINDIGAL, town, India, xv. 192.
DlNDlNGS, territory and islands, Straits
Settlements, Asia, xxn. 586, 587.
DINGAAN, or Dingane, Zulu chief,
xxin. 518; xxiv. 828.
DlNGISWAYO, Zulu chief, XXIV. 828.
DlNGO, wild dog of Australia, in. 112;
vn. 325; xv. 438.
DINGWALL, town, Scotland, vn. 243 ;
xx. 854.
DINGY, kind of boat, xxi. 825.
DlNIFERA, order of Protozoa, XIX. 859.
DINIZ, king of Portugal, XIX. 542,
555-
DINKEL, delineator of Agassiz's fossils,
I. 275.
DINKELSBUHL, town, Bavaria, VI I. 243.
DlNOCRATES, or Dinochares, Greek
architect, vn. 243.
DINOFLAGELLATA, class of Protozoa,
xix. 859.
DINOMYID/E, family of rodent mam
mals, xv. 420.
DINOPHID^E, family of snakes, xxn.
i93? 197-
DINORNIS, genus of extinct birds, vn.
243; in. 731.
DINOSAURIA, order of fossil reptiles,
xx. 442.
DINOTHERIUM, extinct ungulate mam
mal, vn. 244; xv. 425.
DlN-TlR, name for Babylon, in. 182.
DIOCESE, vn. 244; in. 787.
DIOCLES, of Carystus, on anatomy, I.
801.
-, Syracusan demagogue, xxn. 815.
DIOCLETIAN, Roman emperor, vn. 244;
xx. 777; baths of, at Rome, in. 436;
palace of, at Spalato, Dalmatia, xxn.
366.
-, Era of, v. 716.
DIODATI, Charles, friend of Milton,
xvi. 324.
, Giovanni, Swiss Reformed theo
logian, vn. 245.
DlODON, genus of fishes, x. 685.
DlODORUS SlCULUS, Greek historian,
vn. 245.
DICECISM, in plants, xx. 428.
DIOGENES, Greek Cynic philosopher,
vn. 245.
(Romanus IV.), Roman emperor,
xx. 730.
— of Apollonia, Greek physicist, vn.
245.
of Seleucia, Stoic philosopher,
xxn. 570.
, Antonius, Greek novelist, xx.
634-
LAERTIUS, Greek writer, vn. 246;
on Aristotle's works, II. 513.
DIOLAS, people, Senegambia, West
Africa, XXI. 662.
DlOMEDEA, genus of birds, I. 449; xv.
334-
DlOMEDES, of Greek legend, VII. 246.
DION, tyrant of Syracuse, vn. 246;
xxn. 19, 816.
MUSCIPULA, insectivorous
plant, Xin. 136.
DION CASSIUS COCCEIANUS, historian
of Rome, vn. 246.
DION CHRYSOSTOM, Greek writer, vn.
247; xx. 634; on Indian epic poetry,
xxi. 281.
DIONIS, Peter, his lectures on anatomy,
I. 811.
DIONYSIA, Greek festivals, vn. 247.
DIONYSIACA, poem of Nonnus, XVII. 533.
DIONYSIAC RITES, Phrygia, xvn. 839;
xvm. 853.
DIONYSIAN PERIOD, in the calendar,
iv. 670.
DIONYSIUS, St (Denis), patron saint of
France, vii. 79; xvin. 286.
, the Areopagite, vn. 248; his work
011 mysticism, xvn. 131 ; on the
heavenly hierarchy, xi. 792.
— , the Elder, tyrant of Syracuse, vn.
247; xxn. 18, 815; coins of, xvn.
638.
, the Younger, tyrant of Syracuse,
vn. 247; xxn. 19, 816.
of Halicarnassus, Greek writer,
vii. 247; xi. 144.
of Tell-Mahre, Syriac writer, xxn.
845.
BAR SALIBI, Syriac writer, xxn.
851.
- EXIGUUS, chronologist, vii. 248;
Xix. 492; his collection of the canons,
v. 1 6.
PERIEGETES, Greek geographical
writer, vn. 248.
- THRAX, Roman grammarian, xi.
37-
DIONYSUS, Greek divinity (the Roman
Bacchus), vn. 248; xvn. 128; orgies
of, xvn. 839.
DlOPHANTUS, Greek writer on algebra,
I. 511; on porisms, xix. 520.
DlOPSlDE, mineral, xvi. 416.
DlOPTASE, mineral, xvi. 411.
DIOPTRIC, unit for measurement of
lenses, xxn. 373.
DIOPTRICS, Descartes's treatise on, vn.
125.
DIOPTRIC SYSTEM, for lighthouses, xiv.
619.
DIORITE, rock, x. 235.
DIOSCOREA, genus of plants, XXIV. 727.
DlOSCORlDES, Greek writer on materia
medica, II. 79; MS. of his work,
xvin. 147.
— , island, Indian Ocean, XXII. 231.
DIOSCURI (Castor and Pollux), in Greek
legend, V. 199.
DIOSCURIAS (Iskuriah), ancient Greek
colony, Caucasus, xvi. 437.
DlOSCURlDES, Greek gem-engraver, x.
140.
DlOSPOLlS, Palestine, Synod of, on
Pelagianism, xvin. 472.
MAGNA (Thebes), ancient town,
Egypt, vn. 776.
D I 0 — D I V
133
DiOSPYROS, genus of trees, VII. 619;
xviii. 661.
DIP, of rocks, x. 298.
, Magnetic, XV. 221, 227.
CIRCLE, magnetic instrument, XVI.
159.
DiPHANITE, mineral, XVI. 413.
DIPHTHERIA, disease, vn. 249.
DIPHTHONGS, Pronunciation of, xxn.
382.
DlPHYLLA ECAUDATA, blood-Slicking
bat, xxiv. 52.
DlPHYLLlDjE, family of tapeworms,
xxiii. 54.
DIPLOMA, Ancient forms of, vn.
254.
DIPLOMACY, vn. 251; i. 658.
DIPLOMATIC PRECEDENCE, xm. 193;
xix. 667.
DIPLOMATICS, science dealing with
ancient documents, VII. 253.
DlPLOPODA, order of Myriapoda, XVII.
118.
DIPLOPTERA, group of insects, xxiv.
39i-
DlPLOSOMiD.'E, family of Tunicata,
xxin. 617.
DIPLOZOON PARADOXUM, species of
trematode worms, xxiii. 539.
DIPNOI, suborder of fishes, xn. 686;
xiv. 468; in Lankester's classification,
xxiv. 812.
DIPODID/E, subfamily of rodent
mammals, XV. 419.
DIPPEL, Johann Conrad, German theo
logian and alchemist, vn. 255.
DIPPEL'S ANIMAL OIL, or Bone
Naphtha, xvn. 175.
DIPPER, bird, xvm. 75.
DIPROTODON, fossil marsupial mammal,
xv. 383; xx. 172.
DIPSADID^;, family of snakes, xxu.
193-
DIPSOMANIA, alcoholic insanity, xm.
1 02, 109.
DIPTERA, order of insects, VII. 255 ;
xm. 150; mimicry in, xvi. 343.
DIPTERIX, genus of trees, xxiii. 443.
DIPTEROS, in architecture, II. 463.
DIPTYCH, Roman writing tablet, vn.
257; xvm. 143.
DIPUS, genus of rodent mammals, xm.
626; xv. 419.
DIR/E, the Furies, in Roman mythology,
IX. 840.
DlRCE, in Greek legend, vn. 257.
DIRCEU (T. A. Gonzaga), Portuguese
poet, x. 772.
DiRCKS, Henry, on perpetual motion,
xvm. 554.
DIRCKS'S GHOST, optical illusion, xiv.
587.
DIRECT-ACTING ENGINES, xxn. 512,
514.
DIRECTORY, The French, ix. 608.
• OF PUBLIC WORSHIP, Scottish,
xiv. 711; ix. 746.
DIRHEM, Arab coin, xvn. 654.
DIRK I.-VII., counts of Holland, xn.
7i.
DiRSCHAU, town, Prussia, VII. 257.
Dis, Roman god (the Greek Pluto), xix.
236.
DISABILITIES, Roman Catholic, in Eng
land, xx. 632.
DISAPPOINTMENT, Psychological ana
lysis of, xx. 70.
DISCHARGE, Soldier's, in British army,
II. 575-
DlSClNlD^E, family of Brachiopoda, IV.
194.
DISCIPLINE, Church, vin. 800; xvm.
485.
, First Book of, in Scottish Church,
xix. 68 1 ; xiv. 132; xxi. 503; Second
Book of, xix. 68 1 ; xxi. 503.
-, Military, xxiv. 353.
DISCOBOLUS, statue by Myron, XVII.
120.
DISCOMEDUS^E, order of Hydrozoa, XII.
556.
DiSCOMYCETES, suborder of Fungi, IX.
833 ; xxiv. 127 ; parasitic forms,
xvm. 267.
DiSGOPHORA, order of Annelida, II. 69.
DlSCORDlA, in Greek mythology, VIII.
524.
DISCORDS, Musical, xvn. 82.
DlSCORSl, Machiavelli's treatise, XV.
149.
DISCOUNT, in commerce, calculation of,
n. 536; rates of, from 1694 to 1845,
in. 330.
— AGENCIES, in. 328.
DISCOURSE OF METHOD, Descartes's,
vii. 119.
DISCOURSES UPON TRADE, by Sir
Dudley North, XVII. 554.
DISCOVERIES, Remarkable, in chrono
logical table, v. 720.
DISCOVERY, Geographical, x. 175.
DISCRASITE, mineral, xvi. 392.
DISCUS, Greek quoit, vii. 258.
DISEASE, defined, xv. 794; science of
(pathology), xvm. 361 ; germ theory
of, xxi. 400, 407; homoeopathic theory
of, xil. 126; as attributed to demons,
vn. 61 ; due to parasites, xvm. 269;
prevention of, xn. 568.
DISEASED MEAT, xv. 782.
DISGRAZIA, Monte della, North Italy,
xxiv. 45.
DISINFECTANTS, vn. 258; n. 136; iv.
361; XIL 569.
DISLOCATION, in surgery, vn. 258.
DISMAL SWAMP, United States, vii.
259.
DlSNA, town, Russia, XXIV. 234.
DISPENSARIES, Provident, xn. 305.
DISPENSATION, relaxation of law, vii.
259.
DISPERSION, The, of the Jews, xm.
420, 429.
OF LIGHT, xiv. 592, 601.
DISPLACEMENT, Dynamical, vii. 581;
law of, in ships, xxi. 812.
DISPUTATIONS, Academic, vm. 777.
DISRAELI, Benjamin (Lord Beacons-
field), English statesman, VIII. 367.
D'lSRAELl, Isaac, English writer, vii.
259.
DISRUPTION, The, of the Church of
Scotland, v. 377; ix. 742; xxi. 538.
Diss, town, England, xvn. 536.
DISSOCIATION, Chemical, Deville's work
on, v. 475; xxi. 166.
DISSOLVING VIEWS, with magic lanterns,
xv. 213.
DISSONANCE, Intervals of, in music.
xvn. 105.
DISTAFF, for spinning, xiv. 664.
DiSTEARIN, in chemistry, x. 697.
DISTEMPER, disease in dogs, xxiv. 205.
, or Tempera, method of painting,
xxiii. 157; xvn. 39.
DlSTHENE, mineral, XVI. 408.
DISTILLATION, vn. 260; of spirits, vn.
264; of spirits, in Ireland, xm. 233;
of sulphur, xxil. 635; of wood and
coal, xxin. 57.
DISTOECHURUS, genus of marsupial
mammals, xvm. 729.
DISTOMA HyEMATOBiUM, trematode
worm, XVIII. 271.
DISTOMID^, family of trematodes,
xxiii. 539.
— , family of Tunicata, XXIII. 617.
DISTRAINT, Law of, vii. 266; its effects
on agriculture, I. 407.
DISTRESS, Law of, vn. 266; xiv. 274,
276; xx. 402.
DISTRIBUTING, of types, xxin. 701.
DISTRIBUTION, of animals, vn. 267; in.
684; of fishes, xn. 668; of mammals,
xv- 373! °f reptiles, XX. 465; of
sponges, xxn. 427; of plants, vn. 286;
in. 684.
DISTRIBUTIONS, Statute of, xm. 197.
DISTRIBUTOR, Manure, agricultural
implement, I. 321.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, U.S.A., vi.
1 68 ; xxiv. 382 ; population, xxin.
802.
DITCHLING BEACON, Sussex, England,
xxn. 723.
DITHIONIC ACID, v. 507.
DiTHMARSCHEN, or Ditmarsh, district,
Holstein, vn. 291; xxi. 415.
DITHYRAMBIC VERSE, Invention of, n.
502.
DITMARSH, district, Holstein, vii. 291;
xxi. 415.
DITTON, Humphry, English mathema
tician, vii. 291.
DlU, island and seaport, India, vn. 291.
DIURETICS, in medicine, vn. 291.
DIURNATION, day-sleep, of bats, xi.
788.
DIVAN, or Diwan, Eastern Government
office, vn. 292; xvi. 589, 591.
, The, Hafiz's poem, xi. 367.
134
D I V — D 0 L
DIVER, bird, vn. 292.
DIVERSIONS OF PURLEY, Home Tooke's
treatise, xxm. 445.
DlVES, river, France, xvm. i.
DIVIDIVI, astringent pods, vii. 292; xiv.
382.
DIVINA COMMEDIA, Dante's, VI. 815;
xni. 503.
DIVINATION, revelation by omens, vii.
293; II. 204; xv. 199; its connexion
with ordeals, XVII. 819; in relation to
priesthood, XIX. 725; Stoic doctrine
of, XXII. 570; ancient Roman, III. 72;
XI. 500; in Lapland, xiv. 307.
DIVINE, The, Names expressive of, xxm.
235-
DIALOGUES, Henry More's, xvi.
815.
RIGHT, of kings, xix. 672; Filmer's
theory of, IX. 166.
DIVING, vii. 294; xxn. 771.
BELL, vii. 294.
DIVINING ROD, vii. 293; XL 549.
DIVISION, in algebra, I. 524; in arith
metic, n. 528.
— , in logic, xiv. 785.
DIVISORS, Tables of, xxin. 7.
DIVODURUM (Metz), ancient town,
France, xvi. 204.
D I VON A (Cahors), ancient town, France,
iv. 642.
DIVORCE, Law of, vii. 300; in New
Hampshire, U.S.A., xvii. 392; Milton
on, xvi. 329.
Divus JULIUS, Temple of, at Rome,
xx. 818.
DIWALGIRI, or Dhawalagiri, mountain,
Himalayas, xvii. 340.
DIWAN, or Divan, vn. 292; xvi. 589,
591.
DIXCOVE, settlement, West Africa, x.
755-
DIXMERIE, Nicolas Bricaire de la,
French writer, XIV. 198.
DlXON, George, English navigator, vii.
305-
— , Jeremiah, English astronomer, xv.
611.
Diz, or Dizful, river, Persia, XV. 68;
XVlll. 620.
DIZFUL, town, Persia, vn. 305; xvm.
627.
DJEBAIL (Jebeil), ancient town, Syria,
xui. 613.
DJEDDAH (Jiddah), town, Arabia, XIII.
691; xx. 316.
DjERNANG, resin, vii. 389.
DjIDDAH (Jiddah), town, Arabia, Xlli.
691; xx. 316.
DJILOLO (Jilolo), island, Indian Archi
pelago, xni. 692.
DjOUN, Syria, Lady Hester Stanhope's
villa at, xxii. 450.
DJUSTENDIL (Kostendil), town, Bul
garia, Turkey, xiv. 143.
DLUGOSZ, Jan, Polish historian, xix.
300.
DMITRI (Demetrius), The False, Russian
pretender, xix. 294; xxi. 94, 108.
DONSKOi, prince of Moscow, XXI.
91.
IVANOVICH, prince of Russia,
assassination of, XXL 93.
DMITRIEFF, Ivan Ivanovitch, Russian
statesman and poet, vii. 305; xxi. 106.
DMITROFF, town, Russia, vii. 305.
DMITROVSK, town, Russia, vn. 306;
xvii. 826.
DNIEPER, river, Russia, vii. 306; xxi.
73) 575; xxii. 183; its mouth, xvii.
724.
DNIESTER, river, Russia, vn. 306; in.
615; xix. 254; xxi. 73; its mouth,
xvii. 724; in Austria, in. 116.
DOAB, Indian geographical term, vn.
307; xx. 107; of Jalandhar, XIII. 545.
DOANE, Bishop G. W., American hymn-
writer, XII. 596.
DOBBERAN, or Doberan, town, Germany,
vn. 308.
DOBBO, town, Aru Islands, .Indian
Archipelago, II. 670.
DOBELL, Sydney, English poet, vn. 307;
his relations with Alexander Smith,
xxn. 172.
DOBELN, town, Saxony, vn. 308.
DOBERAN, town, Germany, vn. 308.
DOBLER, Louis, German conjuror, xv.
209.
DOBRENTEI, Gabor, Hungarian philo
logist, vii. 308.
DOBRIZHOFFER, Martin, Roman Catholic
missionary, vn. 308; his history of
the Abipones, I. 50; VI. 138; on
mythology, xvii. 145.
DOBROWSKY, or Dobrovsky, Joseph,
Slavonic philologist, vn. 308; xxn.
152.
DOBRUDJA, or Dobrudscha, district and
province, Roumania, Vii. 309; XXI.
14, 21 ; xxin. 653.
DOBSCHAU, or Dobsina, town, Hungary,
vn. 309.
DOBSON, William, English painter, vn
309-
DOBUNI, ancient people, England, xvm.
94-
DOCET^E, heretics in early church, vn.
309-
DOCHMIUS, genus of nematode worms,
xvn. 325.
DOCIMIA, Turkey in Asia, Marble cjuar-
ries of, xiv. 2.
DOCK, plant, vn. 309.
DOCKS, for ships, XL 465; of London,
xiv. 831.
DOCKWRA, William, founder of London
penny post, xix. 565.
DOCKYARDS, Naval, vn. 310; at Ports
mouth, xix. 535.
DOCMAC, fish, xxn. 68.
DOCTOR, title, vii. 319.
FAUSTUS, Marlowe's, xv. 556.
DOCTORS' COMMONS, vn. 319.
DOCTRINAIRES, French political party,
vn. 319; XL 269.
DODABETTA, mountain, India, xv. 184;
xvn. 509.
DODD, Dr William, English divine, vn.
DODDER, parasitic plant, vn. 319;
xvin. 264.
DODDRIDGE, Philip, English Noncon
formist divine, vn. 320; hymns by,
XII. 593.
DODECAHEDRON, in geometry, x. 388;
crystals, XVI. 348, 351.
DODECASTYLE, iii architecture, n. 463.
DoDERLElN, Johann Christoph, Ger
man philologist, vn. 320.
DODO, extinct bird, vn. 321; in. 732;
xv. 641.
DODONA, Temple of, Greece, vn. 322.
DODSLEY, Robert, English writer and
bookseller, vn. 323.
DODWELL, Edward, English antiquary,
vn. 323.
Henry, English controversialist,
VII. 323; on deism, VII. 35.
DOE, John, and Richard Roe, in law,
vii. 792.
DOES, Jan van der (Dousa), Dutch
statesman and poet, vn. 378.
DOG, DOGS, vn. 324; xv. 355, 437;
Arabian, n. 243; Egyptian, vn. 712;
tailless breeds, IV. 248; wild, of India,
xn. 741; diseases of, xxiv. 205, 206;
rabies in, xn. 546; xx. 199.
DOGE, ruler of Venice, vn. 331; xni.
479; xxiv. 141.
, ruler of Genoa, vn. 332.
DoG-FiSH, species of sharks, vn. 332;
xn. 685; xxi. 774; organs of touch
in, xxin. 478; of British Columbia,
vi. 170.
DOGGER BANK, North Sea, xvn. 563;
fisheries of, IX. 249.
DOGMATIC, in theology, vn. 332; of
Origen, xvn. 841; of Theodoret, xxin.
256.
DOGRA, Punjab tribe, India, XX. 110.
DOG'S GROTTO, Naples, Italy, xxiv.
399-
DOG TICK, arachnid, xvi. 529.
DOG-TOOTH, in architecture, n. 463.
DOGWOOD, plant, vn. 342.
DOHNA, Christoph von, his letters on
Sarpi, XXI. 312.
DOHRN, Anton, German naturalist,
xxiv. 183; his doctrine of animal
degeneration, xxiv. Sii.
DOKTHOL, region, Tibet, XXIII. 340.
DDL, town, France, vn. 342.
DOLABELLA, Publius Cornelius, Roman
general, vn. 343.
DOLANOR, town, Mongolia, Xiv. 230.
DOLBEAR, Prof., his condenser telephone,
XXIIL 129.
DOLCE, Luigi, Italian writer, vn. 343.
DOLCI, Carlo, Italian painter, vn.
343-
D O L — D 0 R
135
DOLCINISTS, or Apostolici, Christian
sect, II. 198.
DOLCINO, Fra, leader of the Dolciiiists,
II. 198.
DOLCOATH MINE, Corn-wall, England,
xvi. 452.
D6LE, town, France, vn. 344.
, mountain, Switzerland, XIII. 781.
DOLET, Etienne, French scholar and
printer, VII. 344.
DOLGELLY, town, Wales, vn. 345.
DOLGORUKI, Alexis, Kussian prince,
xxi. 98.
, George, prince of Suzdal, Russia,
xxi. 89.
DOLIOLUM, genus of Tunicata, XXIII.
609, 615.
DOLLAR LAW, mountain, Scotland,
xvin. 451.
DOLLART ZEE, North Sea, xvn. 563.
DOLLINGER, Johann J. I., leader of the
Old Catholics, xvn. 754.
DOLLOND, John, English optician, VII.
345; his double-image micrometer,
xvi. 250; his object-glasses for tele
scopes, xxiii. 138, 142.
DOLMENS, stone monuments, II. 383;
xxi. 52; at Carnac, France, V. 118.
DOLOMIEU, Deodat G. S. T. Gratet de,
French mineralogist, vil. 345.
DOLOMITE, mineral, x. 228, 232; xv.
217; xvi. 397; in the Alps, I. 630.
DOLOPES, ancient inhabitants of Scyros,
Greece, xxi. 574.
DOLORIDA, De Vigny's poem, XXI v.
226.
DOLPHIN (Delphmus, etc.), cetacean
mammal, vn. 346; xv. 352, 392, 399;
XIX. 521; distribution of, vn. 280.
(Coryphsena), fish, vn. 346 ; XII.
690.
, in Greek mythology, n. 502.
RISE, elevation in Atlantic, in. 17.
DOM, mountain, Switzerland, xxiv. 31.
, or Domberg, part of Eeval, Russia,
xx. 495.
DOMAIRI (Damiri), Arabian naturalist,
vi. 794; xvi. 597.
DOMAT, Jean, French jurisconsult, vn.
346.
DOMBROWSKI, Jan Henryk, Polish
general, vn. 347.
DOME, in architecture, vn. 347; intro
duction of, into Italy, II. 435.
DOME-Boc, King Alfred's register, vn.
350.
DOME MOUNTAINS, France, xx. 119.
DOMENICHINO, or Domenico, Zampieri,
Italian painter, vn. 348; xx. 396.
DOMENICO BIGORDI, Italian painter,
x. 567.
DOMENICO BUONVICINI, Fra, disciple
of Savonarola, xxi. 337.
DOME OF THE ROCK, Jerusalem, xxi.
671.
DOMESDAY BOOK, vn. 349; vin. 294.
DOMESTICATION, of animals, i. 84;
XXIV. 78; its influence on breeding,
IV. 248; on instinct, xni. 159; of
plants, IV. 248; xxiv. 78.
DOMESTIC SERVANTS, in United States,
xxin. 822.
DOMETT, variety of flannel, ix. 292.
DOMEYKITE, mineral, xvi. 393.
DOMICILE, in law, vn. 351; xin. 191;
as affecting marriage, vn. 305.
DOMINIC, St, founder of Dominican
order, vn. 353; xvi. 710; as inquisitor,
XIII. 92.
DOMINICA, island, West Indies, vn. 354;
population, xxiv. 510.
DOMINICAL LETTER, in the calendar, iv.
669.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, West Indies,
ii. 546.
DOMINICANS, mendicant order of monks,
VII. 354; xvi. 710; their connexion
with the Inquisition, Xlil. 93.
DOMINION, Arms of, in heraldry, XI.
688.
OF CANADA, iv. 765.
DOMINIQUE (Dominica), island, West
Indies, vn. 354.
DOMINIS, Marc Antonio de, Italian
theologian and man of science, vn.
355-
DOMINUS AC REDEMPTOR, brief sup
pressing the Jesuits, xin. 655.
DOMITIAN, Roman emperor, vn. 355;
xx. 773; Statius's praise of, xxn. 467.
DOMOSTROI, early Russian work, xxi.
104.
DOMPO, state, Sumbawa, Indian Archi
pelago, xxn. 641.
DON, river, Russia, vn. 356; xxi. 74;
mouth of, XX. 862; Cossacks of the,
vi. 449.
DONAGHADEE, town, Ireland, vn. 357.
DONALD I. -I I., kings of Scotland, xxi.
478.
BAIN, king of Scotland, xxi. 481.
DONALDSON, James, on husbandry, i.
300.
, John William, English philologist,
vn. 357.
DONATELLO, Italian sculptor and painter,
vn. 358; xxi. 568.
DON ATI, Giovanni Battista, Italian astro
nomer, vn. 359; his comet, 11. 815.
DONATIO MORTIS CAUSA, in law, xxiv.
573-
DONATISTS, early Christian sect, vn.
359; Augustine's relations with, III. 77.
DONATUS, bishop of Casoe Nigrse, vn.
359-
, ^Elius, Roman grammarian and
rhetorician, VII. 360; XX. 726.
MAGNUS, bishop of Carthage, vn.
359-
DONAU (Danube, q.v.), river of Europe,
vi. 819.
DONAUWORTH, town, Bavaria, vn. 360.
DON CARLOS, Schiller's drama, xxi.
396.
DONCASTER, town, England, vn. 361;
population, xxiv. 748; horse-racing at,
XII. 201.
DON COSSACK COUNTRY, Russia, vn.
356; vi. 449; xxi. 69.
DONDUK OMBO, Mongol ruler, xvi. 745.
DONEGAL, county, Ireland, vii. 361;
population and representation, xxiii.
727; town, vii. 361.
DONETZ, river, Russia, vn. 356; xxi.
74-
DONGALA, district, Celebes, v. 290.
DONGAN, Thomas, governor, New York,
XVII. 455.
DON GIOVANNI, Mozart's opera, vn.
357; xvn. ii.
DONGO (Angola), district, West Africa,
ii. 45.
DONGOLA, town, Egypt, vn. 363.
DONGOLAWI, people, Nubia, xvn. 612.
DONIZETTI, Gaetaiio, Italian musical
composer, VI I. 363; XVII. 99.
DONJON, in architecture, n. 464, 466.
DON JUAN, of European legend, vn.
357-
DON JUAN, Moliere's play, XVI. 628.
DONKOLA (Dongola), town, Egypt, VII.
363-
DONNE, John, English poet and divine,
vii. 364.
DONNER, Lake, Nevada, U.S.A., xvn.
367-
DONNIER, Colonel, French officer in
long-King, xxin. 442.
DONNIGES, Helene von, her relations
with Lassalle, xiv. 321.
DONNYBROOK, village, Ireland, vn. 495.
DONOVAN, Edward, English naturalist,
VII. 365; on British birds, xvin. 9.
DON PASQUALE, Donizetti's opera, vn.
364-
DON QUIXOTE, of Cervantes, v. 352;
xxn. 358.
DOOLIN OF MAYENCE, romance, xx.
652.
DOOM (or DOUM) PALM, of Arabia, n.
237; xvin. 190.
DOONDIAH, Indian chieftain, XXIV. 494.
DOON OF MAYENCE, romance, xx.
652.
DOOPSGEZINDEN (Mennonites), Dutch
religious sect, xvi. 12.
DOOR, in joinery, iv. 491.
DOORKEEPERS (Ostiarii), in orders of
Roman Catholic Church, xvn. 820.
DOPPLERITE, mineral, xvi. 429.
DOPPLER'S PRINCIPLE, of wave-move
ments, xiv. 614; as applied to radi~
ation, xx. 216.
DORA BALTEA, river, Italy, xin. 435.
DORA RIPARIA, river, Italy, xin. 435.
DORAS, genus of fishes, xxn. 68.
DOR AT, or Daurat, Jean, French poet
and scholar, vi. 835; xx. 84; XXL
363-
DORCHESTER, town, England, vn. 365.
, town, New Brunswick, xvn. 375.
136
D O R — D K A
DORCOPSIS, genus of marsupial mam
mals, xiu. 840.
DORDOGNE, department and river,
France, VII. 365.
DORDRECHT (Dort, q.v.), town, Holland,
vii. 373.
DORE, Monts, mountains, France, xx.
119.
DORIA, Andrea, Genoese admiral, VII.
366; x. 157.
, Laniba, Genoese admiral, xix. 406.
DORIAN LAWS, xv. 95.
DORIANS, people, ancient Greece, vn.
366; xi. 90, 92.
DORIC DIALECT, of Greek, xi. 133.
DORIC ORDER, of architecture, II. 403,
409; Roman Doric, U. 418.
DORIDID^;, family of Mollusca, xvi. 655.
DORIS, district, ancient Greece, vii. 368.
, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 657.
DORKING, town, England, vn. 368;
xxii. 694.
- FOWLS, i. 401; xix. 645.
D ORLEANS, Louis, French poet, VII. 368.
DORMER WINDOW, in architecture, n.
463-
DORMITOR, mountain, Montenegro, xvi.
780.
DORMITORY, in architecture, II. 463.
DORMOUSE, rodent mammal, vii. 368;
XV. 418; hibernation of, XL 788.
DORNBIRN, or Dornbuhren, town,
Austria, vii. 368.
DORNOCH, town, Scotland, XXII. 727.
DOROG, Hajdu, town, Hungary, XL 377.
DOROGOBUSH, or Dorogobuzh, town,
Russia, vn. 369; xxii. 183.
DOROGOi, or Dorohoi, town, Roumania,
vii. 369.
DOROTHEUS, Roman jurist, vn. 369;
xiu. 794.
, bishop of Marcianopolis, his rela
tions with Nestorianism, xvil. 353.
DORP, town, Prussia, VII. 369.
DORPAT, or Dorpt, town, Russia, vii.
369; observatory at, xvn. 714; obser
vatory telescope, xxill. 148; univer
sity, XXlll. 845.
DORRINGTON, Theophilus, hymns by,
xn. 592.
DORSAL VERTEBRA, Anatomy of the, i.
821.
D'ORSAY, Count, French savant, vn. 369.
DORSET, county, England, vii. 370;
population and representation, xxm.
727.
, First Earl of, English poet, VI I.
372-
— , Sixth Earl of, English politician
and poet, vii. 373.
SHEEP, i. 392.
DORSIBRANCHS, section of Annelida, 11.
66.
DORT, town, Holland, vii. 373; synod
of (1578), xix. 696; synod of (1618),
vn. 374; xn. 78.
DORTMUND, town, Germany, vn. 374.
DORY, or John Dory, fish, vii. 374.
DORYL^EUM, Phrygia, Battle of (1097),
VI. 625.
DORYLAUS, ancestor of Strabo, xxn.
580.
DOST MOHAMMED, Afghan ruler, i.
240.
DoSTOlEVSKl,FeodorM., Russian writer,
xxi. 108.
DOUAI, town, France, vii. 375; college
at, I. 441.
DOUANY, town, Comoro Islands, Africa,
VI. 221.
DOUARNENEZ, town, France, vii. 375.
DOUAY, or Douai, town, France, vii.
375; college at, I. 441.
DOUBLE BASS VIOL, xxiv. 243, 245.
DOUBLED AY, Thomas, English writer,
vii. 375.
DOUBLE ENTRY, in book-keeping, iv.
45-
DOUBLET AND HOSE, mediaeval dress,
vi. 468.
DOUBLET DE PERSAN, Madame, French
journalist, xvil. 425.
DOUBS, department, France, VII. 375;
river, xiu. 782; XX. 528.
DOUCE, Francis, English antiquary, vii.
376-
HILL, Wicklow, Ireland, xxiv.
557-
DOUCHE BATHS, in. 439.
DOUGLAS, town, Isle of Man, vii. 376;
xv. 453.
, knight of Liddesdale, xxi. 489.
— , Earls of, XXI. 490, 491, 493.
-, Gawain, or Gavin, Scottish poet,
vn. 376.
, George, favourite of Mary, queen
of Scots, xv. 599.
, James, fourth earl of Morton,
regent of Scotland, xvi. 849; XXI.
506.
, James, second duke of Queens-
berry, xx. 170.
, Stephen Arnold, American states
man, vii. 377; xxill. 772.
, Sir William, Scottish chief, XXI.
487.
— , TheTragedy of, Home's drama, xn.
108.
— SPRUCE, tree, ix. 224.
DOUM PALM, of Arabia, n. 237; xvm.
190.
DOUNE CASTLE, Perthshire, Scotland,
xvm. 667.
DOUR, town, Belgium, vii. 378.
DOURDAN, town, France, XXI. 625.
DOURO, river, Spain and Portugal, XXII.
295; mouth of, xvil. 795.
DOUSA, or Douza, Janus (Van der Does),
Dutch statesman and poet, vn. 378;
xxm. 850.
DOUVILLE, Jean Baptiste, French tra
veller, vii. 378.
Douw, Gerhard, Flemish painter, vii.
379-
Doux, river, France, xx. 528.
DOVE, bird, vii. 379; xix. 84, 647.
, Heinrich W., his syren, I. 109.
DOVER, town, England, vn. 380; xiv.
39; treaty of (1670), ix. 576.
, town, Delaware, U.S.A., vii. 381.
, town, New Hampshire, U.S.A.,
vii. 381; XVIL 392.
— , Lord, English writer, vn. 381.
CASTLE, Kent, England, v. 198.
STRAITS, Proposed tunnelling of,
xxm. 623.
DOVRE FJELD, mountains, Norway,
xvil. 575.
Dow, or Douw, Gerhard, Flemish
painter, vn. 379.
, Lorenzo, American preacher, vn.
38i.
DOWALTON, Wigtown, Scotland, Cran-
nogs of, vi. 552; xxiv. 563.
DOWLAIS IRON WORKS, Wales, Blowing
engine at, in. 550.
DOWLETABAD, town and fortress, India,
vii. 381.
DOWN, county, Ireland, vii. 382; popu
lation and representation, xxill. 727.
DOWNHAM MARKET, town, England,
XVIL 536.
DOWNING COLLEGE, Cambridge, iv.
73i-
DOWNING STREET, London, xiv. 839.
DOWNPATRICK, town, Ireland, vn.
383.
CASTLE, Mayo, Ireland, xv. 651.
DOWNS, Sussex, England, xxii. 723.
DOWN SURVEY OF IRISH LANDS, Sir
William Petty's book, XVIII. 724.
DOXOLOGY, vn. 384.
DOXOPATER, Johannes, Greek rheto
rician, XL 147.
DOYEN, Gabriel Frangois, French
painter, vii. 384.
DOYLE, John, English caricaturist, v.
105.
, Richard, English caricaturist, v.
105.
DRACAENA, stove plant, xn. 266.
DRACHM, Greek money, xvn. 631.
, or Drachma, weight, xxiv. 487.
DRACO, Athenian legislator, vn. 384;
xi. 96.
DRACONTIASIS, disease, xvm. 271.
DRAGMASTRA NORMANI, .species of
sponges, XXII. 418.
DRAGOMANS, interpreters, Greek, at
Constantinople, XI. 124.
DRAGON, fabulous monster, vn. 385.
— , in heraldry, XI. 701.
— , lizard, vii. 385; xiv. 736.
FLY, insect, vii. 385; xm. 152.
DRAGONNADES, persecution of Protes
tants in France, xv. 27, 305.
DRAGON'S BLOOD, resin, vn. 389 ;
xvm. 191.
DRAGOONS, cavalry, v. 262.
DRAGOSH, traditional founder of Mol
davia, xxi. 1 8.
D K A — D R U
137
DRAGUIGNAN, town, France, vn. 389;
population, xxiv. 69.
DRAINAGE, for sewage, xxi. 713; in
London, xiv. 826; in Paris, xvm.
280; of houses, iv. 467; xxi. 714.
, of mines, XVI. 457.
ACTS, Agricultural, England, I. 334.
DRAINING, in agriculture, I. 328; in
relation to manuring, XV. 508; of the
Fens, England, ill. 482; Xiv. 653; of
Haarlem Meer, Holland, XL 356; of
Lake Celano, Italy, v. 286; imple
ments for, I. 333.
DRAINS, for houses, iv. 467; xxi. 714.
, Open, in hill pastures, I. 402.
DRAKE, Sir Francis, English admiral
and navigator, vil. 389; x. 184; his
astrolabe, xvn. 252.
, Friedrich, German sculptor, xxr.
566.
DRAKENBERG, mountains, South Africa,
xvii. 240; xxni. 517.
DRAKENBORCH, Arnold, Dutch scholar
and editor, vn. 390.
DRAMA, vn. 391; censorship of, xxni.
227; the lyrical, music of, xvn. 86;
modern theatres, XXIII. 224; panto
mime, xvm. 215; English, vill. 419;
in time of Shakespeare, XXI. 759, 761 ;
its place and influence in English litera
ture, vni. 416; French, IX. 644; in
time of Corneille, vi. 420; of Moliere,
xvi. 625; of Racine, XX. 205; Greek,
XI. 140 ; Indian, xxi. 284 ; Italian,
xin. 506; Persian, xvm. 660; Polish,
xix. 303; Portuguese, XIX. 556; Pro-
vengal, xix. 876; Spanish, XXII. 356,
358; Swedish, xxn. 754, 756.
DRAMATIC POETRY, xix. 264.
DRAMATIS PERSONS, vn. 394.
DRAMBURG, town, Prussia, vn. 444.
DRAMMEN, town, Norway, vn. 444;
xvn. 582.
DRAMS ELV, river, Norway, xvn. 575.
DRANCE, river, Switzerland, XX. 527.
DRANGIANA (Sistan), district, Persia,
xvm. 586; xxn. 101.
DRAPER, Henry, his observatory, at
Hastings, New York, U.S.A., xvn.
715-
DRAPIER'S LETTERS, by Swift, xxn.
766.
DRAUGHTS, game, vn. 444.
DRAVIDA, South-Indian peoples, xxni.
41.
DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES, xvin. 779.
DRAVIDIANS, Indian races, xn. 778;
xxni. 41.
DRAWING, delineation, vn. 446; litho
graphic, xiv. 698; mathematical, xv.
628; perspective in, XIX. 806.
PAPER, Sizes of, xvin. 226.
DRAVTON, Michael, English poet, vn.
451; xvin. 346; his Polyolbion, I.
50!.
DREAM, DREAMS, vn. 452, 293; xv.
201; xxn. 157; phantoms of, regarded
as demons, vn. 62; Artemidorus on,
II. 642.
DREDGE, The Naturalist's, vn. 459; its
use in zoological study, XXIV. 814.
DREDGE'S SUSPENSION BRIDGE, iv.
323-
DREDGING, in engineering, vn. 463; of
rivers, xx. 578.
DRED SCOTT CASE, United States,
xxni. 772.
DREIKRETCHAM (Kamenz), town,
Saxony, Xin. 832.
DREISSENA, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
689.
DRELINCOURT, Charles, French Cal-
vinist, vn. 467.
DREME, The, Sir David Lyndsay's poem,
xv. 107.
DRENTHE, province, Holland, xn. 64;
dolmens in, xxi. 52.
DREPANOPHORUS, genus of nemertine
worms, XVII. 326.
DREPANUM, or Drepana (Trapani),
ancient town, Sicily, XXIII. 522.
DRESDEN, town, Saxony, vn. 468; xxi.
358; battle of (1813), xvn. 220; peace
of (1745), ix. 586; libraries, xiv. 527,
546; organ in royal Catholic church,
xvii. 837; picture gallery, XXL 445;
porcelain ware of, XV. 831; xix. 639.
CHINA, works at Meissen, Saxony,
xv. 831; xix. 639.
DRESS, costume, vi. 453; laws against
extravagance in, xxn. 644.
DREUX, town, France, vn. 469.
DREW, Samuel, English theologian, vn
469.
DREYSE, Johann Nicholas von, inventor
of the needle-gun, vil. 470.
DRIED FRUITS, xix. 707.
DRIFFIELD, town, England, vn. 470.
DRIFT FISHERIES, ix. 250.
DRIFT PERIOD, in geology, x. 365, 368;
caves of, n. 337.
DRIFTWAY, in tunnelling, xxni. 622.
DRILL, ape, xv. 477.
, boring tool, XI. 438; mining imple
ment, XVI. 443, 446.
— , implement for sowing, I. 320.
— , Military, xxiv. 344, 355.
DRILLING-MACHINE, xv. 155.
DRINKING CUP, in Roman pottery,
xix. 618.
DRIOS, port, Paros, ^Egean Sea, xvin.
3i9-
DRISSA, town, Russia, xxiv. 262.
DRIVA, river, Norway, xvn. 575.
DRIVER, in applied mechanics, xv. 755.
DROOE (Dreux), ancient town, France,
vn. 469.
DROGHEDA, town, Ireland, vn. 470;
parliament of (1494), XIII. 261; siege
of (1649), VI. 600.
, Countess of, wife of Wycherley,
xxiv. 707.
DROHOBYCZ, town, Austria, vn. 471.
DROITS OF ADMIRALTY, i. 156.
DROITWICH, town, England, vn. 471;
xxiv. 666; mineral water of, xvi.
434-
DROM^OGNATHOUS TYPE, of birds, in.
711.
DROM^EUS, genus of birds, vni. 172.
D ROMAS, genus of birds, xix. 228.
DROME, department, France, vn. 471;
river, xx. 528.
DROMEDARY, iv, 737; of Arabia, n.
242.
DROMICIA, genus of marsupial mammals,
xvin. 729.
DROMION, or Dromon, mediseval war
ship, vn. 310; xxi. 808.
DRONE, male bee, in. 484, 496.
DRONKE, his experiments in magnetic
induction, XV. 250.
DRONTHEIM, town, Norway, xxni. 321.
DROPSY, disease, vn. 472; xvin. 388.
DROSERA, genus of plants, xin. 134.
DROSOPHYLLUM LUSITANICUM, insec
tivorous plant, xin. 137.
DROSTE-HULSHOFF, Baroness of, Ger
man poetess, vn. 472.
DROUAIS, Jean Germain, French painter,
vn. 472.
DROUET, Jean Baptiste, French Revolu
tionist, vn. 473.
— D'ERLON, Count, French general,
vn. 473.
DROUGHT, Meteorological conditions of,
vi. 5; xvi. 150; in Africa, I. 257;
xvi. 153.
DROWNING, vn. 473; death from, xv.
780; apparatus for saving from, xiv.
570.
DROZ, Francois Xavier Joseph, French
writer, vn. 476.
— , Gustave, French writer, IX. 679.
DRUGGIST, 11. 198.
DRUGS, of the pharmacopoeia, XVin.
730; adulterations of, I. 175.
DRUIDISM, DRUIDS, vn. 477; v. 302,
318; reverence for the mistletoe, xvi.
527; in Scotland, XXI. 475; festivals,
in Ireland, XIII. 245, 249; monuments,
xxi. 52.
DRUIMCETA, or Drumceat, Irish con
vention at (c. 575), in. 302 ; vi. 167;
xin. 250.
DRUM, musical instrument, vn. 479.
— , of the ear, I. 892.
DRUMCEAT, Ireland, Council of (c. 575),
in. 302; vi. 167; xin. 250.
DRUMCLOG, Scotland, Battle of (1679),
vn. 537; xiv. 251; xxi. 516.
DRUMMOND, Henry, English politician,
vn. 479.
, Thomas, English surveyor, vn.
480.
, William, of Hawthornden, Scottish
poet, vn. 480.
DRUNKENNESS, vn. 481; xvin. 407;
in relation to insanity, xin. 102, 109;
bearing of liquor laws on, xiv. 688;
societies against, xxni. 159.
XXV. — 1 8
138
D R U — D U L
DRUPE, form of fruit, IV. 151.
DRURY LANE THEATRE, London, xiv.
836.
DRUSES, Syrian people, vn. 483.
DRUSIUS, Johannes (Van den Driesche),
Flemish divine, vil. 486.
DRUSUS, Marcus Livius, Roman patri
cian, vn. 487.
, Marcus Livius, Roman tribune, VII.
487; xx. 759.
, Nero Claudius, brother of the
emperor Tiberius, xxm. 335.
DRUZBACKA, Elizabeth, Polish poetess,
XIX. 302.
DRYADES, or Dryads, in Greek mytho
logy, vn. 487; xvn. 688.
DRYANDER, Jonas, Swedish naturalist,
vn. 487.
DRYDEN, John, English poet, vn. 488;
as dramatist, vil. 435; hymns by, xn.
592; as satirist, XXI. 319; his place in
English literature, vill. 423, 424, 425;
his relations with Shadwell, XXI.
727.
DRYOPHID^E, family of snakes, xxn.
193, 195-
DRY ROT, in timber, vn. 493; cause of,
iv. 94.
DSCHABIR, Abu Musa (Qeber), Arabian
alchemist, x. 125.
D SONG ARIA, or Dzungaria, district,
Central Asia, vil. 587 ; XXIII. 632,
639-
DUAB (Doab, q.v.), India, vil. 307.
DUALIN, kind of dynamite, XVII. 521.
DUALITY, in geometry, x. 395.
, Law of, in psychology, xx. 79.
Du BARRY GOMARD DE VAUBERNIER,
Countess, mistress of Louis XV., vil.
494-
Du BARTAS, Guillaume de Salluste,
French poet, ill. 401; IX. 651.
DUBBING, conferring knighthood, xiv.
118.
DUBLIN, county, Ireland, vn. 494 ;
population and representation, xxm.
727.
, metropolis of Ireland, vn. 496;
Irish Academy at, I. 73; foundling
hospital, ix. 483; law courts, xin. 90;
libraries, xiv. 523, 542; newspapers,
xvn. 423; observatory, xvn. 710 ;
Trinity College, XXIII. 855.
DUBNO, town, Russia, vil. 502; popu
lation, xxiv. 282.
DUBOFKA, town, Russia, VII. 502; XXI.
305-
DUBOIS, Guillaume, French cardinal
and statesman, vn. 502; ix. 584.
, Jacques, French anatomist, I. 807.
DUBOS, Jean Baptiste, French political
writer, vil. 503; IX. 667.
DUBOSSARi, town, Russia, vil. 503.
DUBOVKA (Dubofka), town, Russia, VII.
502; XXI. 305.
DUBRAVIUS, bishop, Bohemian writer,
xxn. 152.
DUBRIS (Dover), ancient town, England,
vn. 380.
DUBROVIN, Russian historian, XXI.
1 08.
DUBROVNA, town, Russia, vn. 503.
DUBUAT, Chevalier, on the motion of
fluids, XII. 437.
DUBUQUE, town, Iowa, U.S.A., vn.
504.
Du Bus, B. A. L., on birds, xvm. 13.
DUCANGE, Charles Dufresne, French
historian and philologist, vil. 504.
DUCAS, Michael, Greek historian, vn.
504; IV. 613.
DUCCIO Dl BUONINSEGNA, Italian
painter, XXI. 433; XXII. 43.
DUCETIUS (Douketios), Sicilian chief,
XXII. 17.
Du CHAILLU, Paul Belloni, his African
explorations, I. 247.
DUCHENIUS (A. Duchesne), French
writer, vil. 504.
DUCHENNE, G. B., on physiognomy,
xix. 5.
DUCHESNE, Andre", French geographer
and historian, vil. 504.
— , Le Pere (Hebert), French Revolu
tionist, XI. 594.
DUCHESS OF MALFY, Webster's tragedy,
xxiv. 473.
DUCHY OF LANCASTER, Chancellor of
the, v. 389; xvi. 474.
DuciS, Jean Frangois, French dramatist,
vn. 505.
DUCK, bird, vil. 505 ; organs of touch
in, xxm. 479; parasite of, xxm. 540;
domestic, xix. 647; golden-eye, x.
757 ; Labrador, ill. 735 ; pochard,
xix. 252; scoter, XXI. 470.
DUCKWORTH, Sir John Thomas, English
admiral, vn. 506.
DUCLOS, Charles Pineau, French writer,
VIL 507.
DUCTILITY, of metals, xvi. 65.
DUDDON, river, England, xiv. 252.
DUDEVANT, Madame (George Sand),
French novelist, vil. 507; ix. 678.
DUDIK, Beda, Bohemian writer, xxn.
'53-
DUDINO, town, Siberia, xxiv. 742.
DUDLEY, town, England, vn. 510;
population, xxiv. 666.
, Lord Guildford, husband of Lady
Jane Grey, XI. 192.
— , Robert, earl of Leicester, xiv.
425.
— OBSERVATORY, Albany, New York,
U.S.A., xvn. 715.
DUDO, early Norman chronicler, XVII.
539-
DUEL, VIL 511; as ordeal, xvn. 820.
DUERO (Douro, q.v.), river, Spain, XXII.
295.
DUFAY, C. F. de C., his electrical re
searches, VIII. 4.
DUFFERIN, Lord, his observations on
Canada, IV. 782.
DUFF HILL, Wicklow, Ireland, xxiv.
557-
DUFOUR, Wilhelm Heinrich, Swiss
general, Vil. 515.
DUFRENITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
DUFRENOY, Pierre Armand, French
geologist, vil. 515.
DUFRENOYSITE, mineral, xvi. 394.
DUFRESNY, Charles Riviere, French
dramatist, VIL 515.
DUFTON FELL, mountain, England,
xxiv. 513.
DUGDALE, Sir William, English anti
quary, vii. 516.
DUGONG, cetacean mammal, vii. 516;
xv. 390.
DUGONICS, Andrew, Hungarian writer,
XII. 377.
DUG-OUT, canoe, iv. 811; xxi. 804.
DUGUAY-TROUIN, Rene, French admiral,
vii. 517.
Du GUESCLIN, Bertrand, constable of
France, vn. 517; IX. 547.
Du HAILLAN, B. de Girard, Seigneur,
French historian, IX. 653.
DUHALDE, Jean Baptiste, French geo
grapher, vii. 518.
DUHAMEL, Jean Baptiste, French astro
nomer, VII. 518.
— DU MONCEAU, Henri Louis, French
botanist and agriculturist, vn. 518.
DUHOVSHINA, town, Russia, xxn. 183.
Dui, town, Saghalin, Russia, xxi. 147.
DUILIUS, Column of, at Rome, inscrip
tion on, xiv. 329.
DUILLIER, Fatio de, on the invention
of the calculus, xin. 9.
DuiSBURG, town, Prussia, vn. 518.
DUJARDIN, F., on sarcode or protoplasm,
xix. 828.
DUK-DUK, mysterious judge, in New
Britain, xvn. 372.
DUKE, order of nobility, VII. 519; XXIII.
418; in the English peerage, xvin.
464; German, xvin. 461.
— OF CORNWALL, title, xix. 739.
— OF ROTHESAY, title, XIX. 739.
OF YORK ISLANDS, South Pacific,
xvn. 372.
DUKE'S LAWS, New York, xvn. 463.
DUKINFIELD, township, England, VII.
520.
DUKLJAMIN, Pop, early Servian writer,
xxi. 689.
DULCAMARA, drug, vn. 520; plant,
xvn. 499.
DULCAMARIN, in chemistry, XVII. 499.
DULCE LAMENTAR DE LOS PASTORES,
Garcilaso de la Vega's pastoral, xvin.
346.
DULCIGNO, town, Albania, vn. 520;
xvi. 781.
DULLAH, town, Kei Islands, Indian
Archipelago, Xiv. 27.
DULONG AND PETIT, on radiation, XX.
216; their law of gases, in. 40.
DULSE, edible Algae, I. 508.
D U L — D U P
139
DULUTH, town, Minnesota, U.S.A., vn.
520.
DULWICH, town, England, vil. 520.
COLLEGE, at Dulwich, England, i.
584; VII. 520; library of, xiv. 517;
picture gallery in, XXI. 445.
DUMA, administrative assembly, Russia,
xxi. 70.
DUMANGAS, town, Philippine Islands,
vn. 520.
UUMARSAIS, Cesar Chesneau, French
philologist, vil. 520.
DUMAS, Alexandre, the Elder, French
novelist, vil. 521; IX. 676.
— , Alexandre, the Younger, IX. 676.
, J. B., on substitution in chemistry,
v. 466.
-, Matthieu, Count, French general
and historian, vn. 523.
DUMBARTON, county, Scotland, vn. 523;
population, xxi. 528; representation,
xxin. 727; town and castle, vn. 525.
DUMB-BELL, for gymnastic exercise, XI.
3 SO-
DUMB-SHOW, Dramatic, xvm. 215.
DUMDUM, town, India, vn. 525; xxin.
673-
DUMERIL, A. M. C., zoologist, XIII. 45;
his classification of reptiles, XX. 435,
437-
DUMERY, bell-founder, ill. 538.
DUMFRIES, county, Scotland, vn. 526;
population, xxi. 528; representation,
xxin. 727; town, vn. 527.
DUMMLER, E. L., on the Roland legend,
XX. 626.
DUMMY, in whist, xxiv. 548.
DUMNONIA, British kingdom, England,
vn. 141.
DUMONT, Jean, French publicist, vn.
529-
— , Pierre Etienne Louis, Genevese
political writer, vn. 529; as collabor
ator with Mirabeau, xvi. 497.
D'URVILLE, Jules Sebastien Cesar,
French navigator, vn. 530; X. 193.
DUMOURIEZ, Charles FranQois, French
Republican general, vil. 530; ill. 130;
ix. 603.
DUM PALM, Arabia, n. 237; xvm.
190.
DUMRAON, town, India, xxi. 735.
DiJNA (Southern or West Dwina), river,
Russia, VIL 569; in. 294; xx. 553;
xxi. 73.
DUNABURG, town, Russia, vn. 531;
population, xxiv. 262.
DUNA F6LDVAR, town, Hungary, IX.
355-
DUNBAR, town, Scotland, VIL 531;
battle of (1650), VI. 601; XVII. 371;
XXI. 514.
, Gavin, archbishop of Glasgow,
xxi. 498.
, William, Scottish poet, Vil. 532;
vni. 415.
DUNBIRD, bird, XIX. 252,
DUNBLANE, town, Scotland, vn. 533;
xvm. 667.
DUNCAN, king of Scotland, xxi. 480.
— , Viscount, British admiral, vil. 533.
, John, Niger explorer, I. 246.
— , Thomas, Scottish painter, VII. 533.
DUNCIAD, Pope's poem, xix. 486; Lewis
Theobald, butt of the, xxm. 252.
DUNDALK, town, Ireland, vil. 534.
DUNDAS, Henry, Viscount Melville, XV.
843-
CASTLE, Linlithgow, Scotland, xiv.
670.
DUNDEE, town, Scotland, vn. 534;
population, XXI. 528; newspapers of,
xvn. 423.
-, Viscount (Graham of Claverhouse),
vn. 536; xxi. 516.
DUN DIVER, bird, xvi. 35.
DUNDONALD, Tenth Earl of (Lord Coch-
rane), naval officer, vil. 539.
DUNEDIN, town, New Zealand, vil.
541.
DUNES, or Sand Hills, x. 265; of
Western Asia, xxn. 820; xxin. 511;
of Holland, xn. 60; of Sahara, Africa,
xxi. 149.
-, Battle of the (1658), xxm. 626.
DUN FELL, mountain, England, xxiv.
5i3- •
DUNFERMLINE, town, Scotland, vil. 542.
-, James Abercromby, Lord, I. 37.
DUNG, its use in agriculture, I. 342;
farmyard, its composition, XV. 509.
DUNGANNON, town, Ireland, vn. 543;
xxm. 713.
DUNGARPUR, state, India, xx. 260.
DUNGARVAN, town, Ireland, vn. 543;
population, xxiv. 401.
DUNGEON, in architecture, II. 464.
- GILL FORCE, waterfall, England,
xxiv. 514.
DUNGHUNTER, bird, XXII. 125.
DUNIPACE, town, Scotland, xxn. 554.
DUNKELD, town, Scotland, vil. 543.
DUNKERQUE (Dunkirk), town, France,
vn. 543.
DUNKERRY HILL, Somerset, England,
xxil. 257.
DUNKERS, sect of American Baptists,
VIL 543.
DUNKIRK, town, France, vn. 543.
, town, New York, U.S.A., vn. 544.
DUNLEARY (Kingstown), town, Ireland,
xiv. 90.
DUNLIN, bird, xxi. 260.
DUN LOP, R. H. Wallace, inventor of
swimming plates, XXII. 771.
— CHEESE, v. 456.
DUN MAC UISNEACHAIN, Scotland,
Vitrified fort at, xxiv. 264.
DUNMOW, town, England, vn'. 544.
DUNN, Samuel, Wesleyan seceder, xvi.
190.
DUNNET HEAD, Caithness, Scotland,
iv. 647.
DUNNING, John, Lord Ashburton,
English lawyer and statesman, vn.
544-
DUNNOCK, bird, xxn. 369.
DUNOIS, Jean, bastard of Orleans,
French soldier, Vil. 544; IX. 549, 551.
DUNOON, town, Scotland, Vil. 545.
DUNOYER, Charles, French economist,
xix. 383.
DUN RIG, mountain, Scotland, xxi.
638.
DUNSE, town, Scotland, ill. 613.
DUNSINANE, Scotland, Battle of (1054),
xvm. 667.
DUNSINK, near Dublin, Astronomical
observatory at, vn. 498; xvn. 710.
DUNS SCOTUS, John, mediaeval scho
lastic writer, vil. 545; xvi. 710; xxi.
429; on the being of God, xxm. 241;
his ethical teaching, VIII. 594; on
evolution, vni. 758.
DUNSTABLE, town, England, vil. 546.
DUNSTAN, St, archbishop of Canter
bury, vn. 546; viii. 286, 405; his
influence on the Church of England,
viii. 371; his relations with King
Edwy, VIL 692.
DUNTON, John, English bookseller and
author, vil. 547.
DUNY, Annie, Suffolk witch, xxiv.
621.
DUODENUM, Anatomy of the, vn. 225;
xvii. 668.
DUPERRE, Victor Guy, Baron, French
admiral, i. 566.
DUPERREY, Louis Isidore, French
navigator, VII. 547.
DUPERRON, Abraham H. Anquetil,
French Orientalist, II. 90; XXiv. 778.
— , Jacques Davy, French cardinal,
vn. 548; i. 784; ix. 654.
Du PETIT-THOUARS, L. M. A., French
admiral, xxin. 22.
DUPIN, Andre Marie J. J., French
advocate and politician, vn. 548.
— , Aurore (George Sand), French
writer, vn. 507.
, Louis Ellies, French ecclesiastical
historian, vil. 548.
FAMILY, friends of Rousseau, xxi.
24.
DUPLEIX, Joseph, governor-general of
French India, vil. 549; IX. 587; XII.
800.
DUPLESSIS, Lucile, wife of Desmoulins,
vil. 131.
Du PLESSIS-MORNAY, P., French Pro
testant writer, IX. 654; xvi. 828.
DUPLEX TELEGRAPHY, xxm. 122.
DUPONT, Peter, grand-master of Knights
of St John, XXI. 174.
— , Pierre, French poet, vn. 549.
- DE L' EURE, Jacques Charles,
French lawyer and statesman, VI I.
549-
DE NEMOURS, Pierre Samuel,
French economist and statesman, vil.
550; xix. 361.
140
D U P — D Y IS
DUPPLIN MUIR, Scotland, Battle of
(1332), xxi. 489.
DUPRE, A., on the elimination of alcohol
from the body, I. 471; on thermody
namics, v. 58.
DUPUIS, Charles Francois, French scien
tific writer, vn. 550.
— , Joseph, his mission to Ashantee,
n. 681.
, French trader in Tong-King, xxin.
441.
DUPUYTREN, Guillaume, Baron, French
surgeon, vn. 551.
DUQUESNE, Abraham, Marquis, French
naval officer, vn. 551; his bombard
ments of Algiers (1682, 1683), I.
566.
DUQUESNOY, Frangois, Flemish sculp
tor, XXI. 563.
DURA MATER, membrane of the brain,
I. 864.
DURAN, Augustin, Spanish writer, vn.
552; xxii. 361.
D UR AND, Amand, photographic engraver,
viii. 440.
DURANDUS, Wilhelmus, papal legate and
canonist, vn. 552.
DURANGITE, mineral, XVI. 408.
DURANGO, state, Mexico, xvi. 214.
, or Duranga, town, Mexico, VII. 553;
XVI. 214.
, town, Spain, vil. 552.
DURANTE, Francesco, Italian musical
composer, vn. 553.
DURANTl,or Durantis (Durandus), papal
legate, vn. 552.
DURAO, Jose" de Santa Ritta, Brazilian
poet, vn. 553.
DURAZZO, town, European Turkey, vil.
553-
DURBAN, or D'Urban, town, Natal,
South Africa, VII. 553; XVII. 240;
observatory at, XVII. 716.
DURBOTS, or Dorbod, Mongol tribe,
iv. 710; xvi. 749.
DURBUNGA (Darbhangah), town, India,
xxin. 407.
DiJREN, town, Prussia, VII. 553.
DiJRER, Albrecht, German painter, vn.
554; xxi. 438; as engraver, vin. 441;
as sculptor, xxi. 565; as writer, x.
529; on fortification, ix. 443, 465;
medals by, xvil. 658; his house at
Nuremberg, xvil. 663; his connexion
with Marcantonio, XV. 531; his rivalry
with Lucas of Leyden, xv. 38.
D'URFEY, Thomas, English satirist, vil.
559-
DURHAM, county, England, vn. 559;
population and representation, xxin.
727; breed of cattle in, I. 387; coal
field, vi. 51.
, town, England, vil. 561; observa
tory at, XVIL 710; university, XXIII.
853-
, First Earl of (John George
Lambton), vn. 563.
DURHAM, Arthur E., his observations on
sleep, xxn. 155.
BOOK, MS. of Gospels, xvm. 159.
DURIAN, fruit of durio tree, Vil. 563;
iv. 57.
DURKHEIM, town, Germany, vn. 564.
DURLACH, town, Bavaria, vn. 564.
DURMAST OAK, xvn. 690.
DURNESS, Kyle of, sea-loch, Scotland,
xxn. 726.
DURNOVARIA (Dorchester), ancient
town, England, vn. 365.
DUROCASSIS (Dreux), ancient town,
France, vn. 469.
DUROCORTORUM (Rheims), Roman
settlement, France, XX. 508.
DUROSTORUM (Silistria), ancient town,
Bulgaria, xxn. 54.
DUROVERAY, collaborator with Mira-
beau, xvi. 497.
DUROVERNUM (Canterbury), ancient
town, England, v. 29.
DURRA, Indian millet, vil. 564; xvi.
321.
DURRANIS, Afghan clan, I. 234.
D'URViLLjEA, genus of Algae, I. 509.
D'URVILLE, Dumont, French explorer,
vn. 530; x. 193.
DURY, Giles, English news-book writer,
xvil. 414.
DUSHAN, Stephen, king of Servia, xxi.
688.
DUSHETY, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
xxin. 514.
DUSSEK, Johann Ludwig, Bohemian
pianist and composer, vn. 564.
DiiSSELDORF, town, Prussia, vn. 565;
XX. 16, 21 ; observatory at, xvn. 712.
DiJSSELTHAL, village, Rhenish Prussia,
vn. 565.
DUST SHOWERS, x. 266.
DUST STORMS, xvi. 131.
DUTCH, their national character, xn.
69; settlements of, in Asia, n. 701;
settlements at Cape of Good Hope, v.
440.
- DRAMA, vn. 443.
— EAST INDIA COMPANY, Establish
ment of, xn. 78.
— EAST INDIES, xn. 818.
— GUIANA, South America, XI. 251.
LANGUAGE, xn. 84; dictionaries
of, vn. 187.
— LITERATURE, xn. 90.
REFORMED CHURCH, America,
xix. 701.
DUTENS, Louis, French writer, VII. 566.
DUTROCHET, Rend Joachim Henri,
French man of science, vn. 566.
DUTY, see article Ethics; Stoic theory
of, xxn. 568.
Du VAIR, Guillaume, French jurist and
writer, xxiv. 31.
DUVAL, Jules, French economist, vn. 566.
DUVEKE, or Dyveke, mistress of
Christian II. of Denmark, vn. 587.
DUVERGIER DE HAURANNE, Jean,
French theologian, vn. 567; his rela
tions with Jansen, xin. 566.
DUVERNEY, J. G., French anatomist, i.
812.
D U VET, Frangois Joseph, French sculptor,
xxi. 564.
DVINA, or Dwina (q.v.\ rivers, Russia,
vn. 568, 569; xxi. 73.
DWALE, or Belladonna, plant, in. 543.
DWARAKA, or Dwarka, town, India, vn.
567.
DWARF, vn. 567; xvi. 762.
DWARKA, town, India, vn. 567.
DWARS, Western, district, India, xin.
548.
DwiGHT, John, English potter, XIX.
632.
— , Timothy, American theological and
miscellaneous writer, vn. 568; l. 722.
DWINA, Northern, river, Russia, vn.
568; xxi. 73.
, Southern, or West, river, Russia,
vn. 569; in. 294; xx. 553; xxi. 73.
DYAKS, race of people, Borneo, IV. 58;
Sir James Brooke's treatment of, iv.
370.
DYCE, Alexander, English critic, vn.
569.
, William, Scottish painter, vn. 569.
DYCH TAU, mountain, Caucasus, v.
252.
DYE, DYES, vn. 574; in photography,
xvin. 836.
COLOURS, in calico-printing, iv.
686.
DYEDINOVO, town, Russia, xxi. 116.
DYEING, vn. 570; of silk, xxn. 64.
DYER, Sir Edward, English pastoral
poet, xvin. 346.
— , John, English poet, vn. 580.
DYER'S MADDER, xv. 176.
DYKES, in geology, x. 312.
, embankments, Holland, xn. 60.
DYMPHNA, St, Legend of, x. 562.
DYNAMICAL THEORY OF HKAT, xxin.
283.
DYNAMICS, vn. 581; xv. 698; xix. 2;
abstract, XV. 676; applied, xv. 764;
transformation of energy in, vin. 206.
DYNAMITE, explosive, vn. 583; vin.
810; xvn. 520; as used in blasting,
in. 809.
DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE, xiv.
630; xxin. 494; Siemens's invention
of, xxn. 38.
DYNAMOMETER, vn. 584; xv. 764;
Stephenson's marine, XI. 458.
DYNE, unit of force, vin. 206; xv. 668;
xxin. 116.
DYRRACHIUM (Durazxo), ancient town,
Albania, vn. 553; vin. 476; xn. 709.
DYSANALYTE, mineral, xvi. 426.
DYSART, town, Scotland, vn. 584.
DYSENTERY, disease, vn. 584; xvin.
395; in Egypt, vn. 704.
DYSMEROGENESIS, in growth of com
posite organisms, xn. 555.
D Y
E A U
141
DYSON, Jeremiah, friend of Akenside,
I- 435-
DYSPEPSIA, disease, vn. 586; diet in
relation to, vn. 206.
DYSPHONIA CLERICORUM, disease,
xxm. 320.
DYSPNCEA, arrest of respiration, xx.
485.
DYSPOROMORPH^E, group of birds, in.
7i3-
DYVEKE, mistress of Christian II. of
Denmark, vn. 587.
DZERIN, antelope, n. 101.
DzuNGANS, people, Turkestan, XXIII.
636.
DzUNGARlA, region, Central Asia, VII.
587; xxni. 632, 639.
DZUNGARIAN GATE, pass, Central
Asia, xxni. 634.
17 the fifth letter of the alphabet,
•Cy> vii. 588.
EA, Accadian god, in. 193.
EACHARD, John, English divine and
humorist, vn. 588.
EADBERT, Northumbrian king, xvn.
570.
EADGAR, or Edgar, king of Northum-
bria, vin. 286; xvn. 571.
EADGYTH, wife of Harold II. of Eng
land, xi. 487.
EADIE, John, Scottish Biblical critic,
vn. 588.
EADMER, English ecclesiastic and his
torian, vn. 589.
EADMUND (Edmund), king of East
Anglia, vn. 669.
I. and II., kings of the West
Saxons, England, vn. 669.
EADRED, king of Northumbria, xvn.
57o, 57i-
EADS, Captain, American engineer, XX.
580.
EADWARD (Edward) I., early English
king, vn. 68 1 ; vin. 284.
II., early English king, VII. 68 1;
vin. 286.
III., the Confessor, early English
king, vn. 68 1 ; vin. 289.
EADWIG (Edwy), the Fair, king of
Wessex, vn. 692; vin. 286.
EADWINE (Edwin), king of Northumbria,
vn. 691; xvn. 569.
EAGER, or Bore (q.v.), tidal wave, xiv.
654.
EAGLE, bird, vn. 589; golden, xiv.
244.
MOUNTAINS, Texas, U.S.A., xxni.
204.
EAGLE-RAY, fish, xx. 300.
EAGLEWOOD, a fragrant wood, iv. 725.
EALDHUNE, Bishop, founder of Durham
cathedral, vn. 561.
EALDORMAN, Saxon executive officer,
xvin. 302.
EALDRED, archbishop of York, i. 475.
EALRED, or Ailred, English ecclesiastic
and historian, I. 425.
EANFRID, Anglo-Saxon prince, xvn.
569.
EAR, vn. 591; anatomy of, I. 891; as
affected by sound vibrations, I. 100;
its powers of musical perception, xvn.
102; in birds, in. 725; in reptiles,
XX. 461.
EAR-ACHE, disease, vn. 594.
EAR COCKLE, in wheat, xxiv. 536.
EARL, title of nobility, vn. 595; xxni.
418; early English, vin. 274; position
of, in peerage, xvni. 459, 464.
EARLE, John, English bishop and author,
vn. 596.
EARL-MARSHAL, officerof state, xv. 574.
EARLOM, Richard, English engraver, vn.
596.
EARL'S BARTON, England, steeple of
church, n. 425.
EARN, loch and river, Scotland, xvin.
666.
EARNEST, in sale, xxi. 207.
EAR-RING, ornament, vn. 596.
EAR-SHELL, mollusc, xvi. 645.
EARTH, Figure of the, vn. 597; n. 792;
xn. 442; its place in solar system, n.
766, 792; X. 214; age of, X. 226; changes
in its centre of gravity, X. 217; early
observations on its circumference, XX.
92; its geological relations, x. 216; gra
vitation at its surface, XI. 66; its action
on a magnet, XV. 223, 238; magnetic
state of, xvi. 159; first measurement
by Eratosthenes, II. 748; its motion
round the sun maintained by Arist-
archus, n. 504; by Galileo, X. 33;
shown by aberration of light, I. 48; its
motions in relation to dialling, vn.
154; rigidity of, xxni. 374; effect
of its rotation on the winds, n.
690; tidal retardation of its rotation,
xxni. 377, 378; Cusanus on its rota
tion, VI. 729; sphericity of, X. 197;
irregularities of its surface, X. 170;
tidal deformation of, xxni. 373;
influence of tidal friction on its
evolution, XXIII. 378; Button's theory
of, xii. 415; Thales's, xxni. 218.
, Sacred Theory of the, Burnet's
work, iv. 564.
— , Medicinal, of Lemnos, xiv. 436.
EARTH-CLOSET, i. 349; iv. 468; xxi.
717.
EARTH-FLEA, insect, ix. 301.
EARTH FLEA-BEETLE, xxni. 668.
EARTHKIN, Gilbert's spherical magnet,
xv. 222.
EARTH NUT, XL 221.
EARTH PIG, edentate mammal, I. 3; xv.
389-
EARTHQUAKE, EARTHQUAKES, vn.
608; x. 254 ; measurement of, XXI.
626; at Antioch, n. 131; in the Azores,
in. 170; in Chili, v. 616; European,
vin. 683; at Ischia (1883), XVII.
188; in Japan, xin. 574; in Java,
xin. 601; of Lisbon (1755), XIV. 690;
in Peru, xvin. 672; in the Philip
pines, xvin. 749; in South America,
i. 673; in United States, iv. 700;
xxn. 287.
EARTHS, for brick-making, IV. 280;
xiv. i.
, Alkaline, v. 525, 543.
EARTH THERMOMETER, xxni. 291.
EARTHWORKS, fortifications, ix. 430.
EARTHWORM, xxiv. 677.
EARWIG, insect, vn. 612; xin. 152.
EASBY ABBEY, Yorkshire, England, i. 20.
EASEL, Painter's, xvin. 137.
EASEMENT, in law, vn. 613.
EASKY, river, Ireland, xxn. 159.
EASTBOURNE, town, England, vn. 613;
xxn. 724.
EASTER, church festival, vn. 613;
feast of the Jews, xvin. 511; time of
celebrating, IV. 668, 675; Xin. 273.
— ISLAND, South-East Pacific, xix.
428; xx. 273.
EASTERN CHURCH, xi. 154.
EASTERN ROUMELIA, province of Tur
key in Europe, xxni. 652.
EASTER SUNDAY, x. 774.
EAST GIRT HILL, Scotland, xx. 395.
EAST GRINSTEAD, town, England,
xxn. 724.
EAST HILL, New York, U.S.A., xxni.
793-
EAST INDIA COMPANY, 11. 701; xn.
798, 811; XXI. 827; its beginning, vi.
12; incorporation of, X. 185; gover
nors-general of India under, ill. 570;
in time of Hastings, xi. 514.
EAST INDIA COMPANY, Dutch, x. 186;
establishment of, XII. 78.
EAST INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO, xn. 731,
815.
EASTLAKE, Sir Charles Lock, English
painter, vn. 615.
EASTLAND COMPANY, English, xxi. 827.
EAST LONDON, town, British Kaffraria,
xin. 817.
EAST LOTHIAN (Haddington, q.v.\
county, Scotland, xi. 361.
EAST LYNNE, Mrs H. Wood's novel,
xxiv. 644.
EAST MOULSEY, town, England, xxn.
694.
EASTON, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
vn. 616.
EAST RETFORD, town, England, xx. 487.
EAST SAGINAW, town, Michigan, U.S.A.,
vn. 616.
EATA, abbot of Melrose, Scotland, vi.
732-
EATON, Theophilus, founder of New
Haven, Conn., U.S.A., xvn. 395.
-, William, his improvements on
cotton-spinning mule, VI. 498.
EAU CLAIRE, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 617.
EAU DE COLOGNE, perfume, vn. 616.
142
E A U — E D E
EAUX-BONNES, spa, France, xvi. 435;
xx. 127.
EAUX-CHAUDES, spa, France, xx. 127.
EBAL, Mount, Palestine, x. 444; xxi.
244.
EBEL, Hermann Wilhelm, German
philologist, vn. 616.
EBER, Hebrew patriarch, XI. 594.
EBERHARD, duke of Wiirtemberg, vn.
616; xxiv. 702.
, August Gottlob, German poet, vn.
617.
, Johann Augustus, German theo
logian, vn. 617; xx. 290.
EBERSWALDE, town, Prussia, xvn. 366.
EBERT, Friedrich Adolf, German biblio
grapher, vn. 6 1 8.
EBINGEN, town, Wiirtemberg, vn. 618.
EBIONITES, early Christian sect, vn.
618; Irenseus on, Xlll. 273, 274.
EBISUMINATO, town, Japan, xvn. 500.
EBOE (Ibo), district, AVest Africa, xn.
610.
EBOLI, to\vn, Italy, vn. 619.
EBONITE, or Vulcanite, xn. 842.
EBONY, wood, vn. 619.
EBORACUM (York), Roman station, Eng
land, xxiv. 751.
EBNER, Christina and Margaretha,
German mystics, xvn. 133.
EBN-MALEK, Arabic grammarian, n.
265.
EBRO, river, Spain, vn. 619; xxn.
295.
EBRODUNUM (Embrun), ancient town,
France, vin. 162.
EBURODUNUM (Yverdon), ancient town,
Switzerland, xvn. 361.
EBUSUS (Ivic,a), one of the Balearic
Islands, Spain, in. 278; xvm. 808.
ECARTE, card game, VII. 620.
ECBALIUM, genus of plants, vi. 688; vn.
825.
ECBATANA, various ancient Asiatic
towns, vn. 621.
(Hamadan), ancient town, Persia,
vii. 621; xvm. 561; ruins of, n. 399.
ECBOLIN, vegetable alkaloid, vill. 521.
ECCA (lea), town, Peru, xn. 61 1.
ECCARD, Johannes, German composer,
vn. 621.
ECCELINO, or Ezzelino (q.v.\ Italian
Ghibelline chief, vn. 622.
ECCHELLENSIS, Abraham, learned
Maronite, vii. 622.
ECCHONDROSIS, disease, xvm. 370.
ECCLES, town, England, vn. 622.
ECCLESIA, Athenian assembly, vn. 622.
ECCLESIASTES, Book of, VII. 623; III.
639-
ECCLESIASTICAL COMMISSION, Eng
lish, vii. 627.
ECCLESIASTICAL LAW, vn. 627; v. 16.
ECCLESIASTICAL POLITY, Laws of,
Hooker's work, xil. 151.
ECCLESI ASTICUS, Book of, in Apocrypha,
n. 181.
ECCLESIAZUS/E, Aristophaiies's comedy,
II. 509.
ECDEMITE, mineral, XVI. 408.
ECGBERHT (Egbert), king of the West
Saxons, vn. 695; vin. 282.
ECHELLENSIS, Abraham, Maronite, vn.
622.
ECHIDNA, genus of monotrematous mam
mals, vn. 628; xv. 378.
ECHINIDEA, order of Echinodermata,
vn. 629.
ECHINOCACTUS, group of Cactaceae, iv.
625.
ECHINODERMA, iii Lank ester's classifica
tion, xxiv. 813.
ECHINODERMATA, vn. 629; embryology
of, xx. 419; reproduction, XX. 409;
skeletal structures, xxn. 106; distribu
tion, vn. 278, 283; Agassiz on fossil
forms, i. 275.
ECHINOPSIS, group of Cactacese, iv. 625,
626.
ECHINORHINUS, genus of sharks, XXI.
778.
ECHINORHYNCHUS GiGAS, parasite of
the pig, xxiv. 206.
ECHINOTHRIX, genus of rodent mam
mals, xvn. 6.
ECHINUS, in architecture, n. 464.
, genus of Echinodermata, vn. 629,
631; fisheries, Italy, ix. 268.
ECHIS, genus of snakes, xxn. 199; xxiv.
247.
ECHO, in Greek mythology, vn. 640.
, in acoustics, I. 107.
, Porch of, at Olympia, Greece, xvn.
769.
ECHTERNACH, town, Luxemburg, XV. 87.
EcHUCA,town, Victoria, Australia, xxi v.
215.
EciJA, town, Spain, vn. 641; xxi. 708.
EciTON, foraging ant, II. 97.
ECK, Johann Maier von, opponent of
Luther, vn, 641; xv. 73.
ECKERMANN, John Peter, German
writer, vn. 641.
ECKERSBERG, Carl Vilhclm, Danish
painter, vn. 641.
ECKHART, Johannes, German mystic,
vn. 642; x. 526; xvn. 132; xxin.
278; on the nature of God, xxn I. 241.
ECKHEL, Joseph Hilarius, German
numismatist, vn. 643.
ECKHOF, C., German dramatist, vii. 441.
ECKHOLD'S OMNIMETER, theodolite,
xxn. 719.
ECKMUHL, Bavaria, Battle of (1809), in.
133-
ECLAMPSIA, disease, xvm. 391.
ECLECTICISM, in Greek philosophy,
XXI. 380; of the Stoics, xxn. 571;
Jouffroy's, Xlll. 754.
ECLECTIC PHILOSOPHY, vn. 643.
ECLECTUS, genus of birds, xv. 7.
ECLIPSE, ECLIPSES, of the sun, n. 788,
802; XIV. 581; xxn. 650; records of,
by the Assyrians, III. 191; by the
Chinese, II. 745; predicted by Thales,
xxin. 217; of the moon, n. 802.
ECLIPSE, race horse, xn. 184.
ECLIPTIC, apparent path of the sun, n.
771; obliquity of, n. 794; change in
obliquity, X. 216.
ECLOGUE, in literature, xvm. 345.
ECLOGUES, of Virgil, xxiv. 251.
ECNA, ancient learned class in Ireland,
. v. 303-
ECOLE DES FEMMES, Moliere's play,
xvi. 628.
ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE, Paris, xxin.
,851-
ECOLE PRATIQUE DES HAUTES
ETUDES, Paris, xxin. 851.
ECONOMICS, or Political Economy, xix.
346.
ECONOMITES, American communistic
society, vi. 216.
ECSTASY, nervous disorder, vn. 644.
ECTHYMA, skin disease, xxn. 123.
ECTODERM, layer of animal tissue, n.
51; xn. 4.
CELLS, xix. 14.
ECTOPARASITES, in Leuckart's classifica
tion, xvm. 261.
ECTOPLASM, in histology, xn. 4.
ECTOPROCTA, subclass of Polyzoa, xix.
436.
ECUADOR, state, South America, vn.
644; I. 712; liberation of, by Bolivar,
iv. 8; forests of, IX. 406.
ECUMENICAL COUNCILS, of the church,
vi. 510.
ECZEMA, skin disease, xxn. 122 ; mer
curial preparations used for, xvi. 34.
EPIZOOTICA, cattle disease, xvn.
60.
EDAM, town, Holland, vn. 649.
EDAY, island, Orkney, Scotland, xvn.
846.
EDCHMIADZIN (Etchmiadzin), town,
Russia, vin. 566; xxin. 515.
EDDA, collections of Icelandic literature,
vn. 649; xn. 622; XXI. 368; Snorro's,
XXII. 201.
EDDVSTONE LIGHTHOUSE, in English
Channel, xiv. 615.
EDE, town, West Africa, xxiv. 754.
EDELINCK, Gerard, Flemish engraver,
vn. 651.
EDEN, Garden of, vn. 651; I. 135; xvi.
5i-
, Ashley, English envoy to Bhutan,
ill. 632.
— , Hon. Emily, English authoress,
vn. 652.
— , George, earl of Auckland, in. 68.
-, William, Lord Auckland, ill. 68.
EDENTATA, order of mammals, vn. 652;
xv. 372, 383.
EDER, J. M., on photography, xvm.
822.
EDESSA, town, Macedonia, vn. 652; xv.
137-
(Orfa), town, Turkey in Asia, vn.
E D E — E G G
143
652; XVI. 47; language of, XXI. 649;
massacre of (1144), XV. 18; schools
and writers of, xxil. 830.
EDESSA, Latin principality of, vi. 625.
EDEYEN, sand-dunes, Sahara, Africa,
xxi. 149.
EDFU, or Edfoo, town, Upper Egypt, VII.
653, 783; temple at, n. 389.
EDGAR, king of Northumbria, vin. 286;
xvn. 571.
— , king of Scotland, xxi. 481.
EDGEHILL, England, Battle of (1642),
VIH. 347.
EDGE TOOLS, xi. 437.
EDGEWORTH, Maria, novelist, vn. 653.
, Ki chard Lovell, writer and
mechanician, vn. 655.
EDGYTH, wife of Harold II. of Eng
land, xi. 487.
EDIBLE BIRDS' NESTS, xxn. 760.
EDICT OF NANTES (1598), ix. 564;
xix. 695; revocation of (1685), iv.
743; ix. 579.
EDICT OF RESTITUTION, of the emperor
Ferdinand (1629), ill. 125.
EDICTS, in Roman law, xx. 697, 704.
EDINBURGH, county, Scotland, vn. 656;
area and population, XXI. 528; repre
sentation, xxiii. 727; coalfield, vi.
54-
, metropolis of Scotland, vn. 659;
population, xxi. 528 ; origin of the
name, vn. 691; XV. 10; treaty of
(1560), xxi. 502; abattoirs, I. 7;
libraries, xiv. 522, 542; newspapers,
XVII. 422; observatory, xvn. 710;
university, xxiii. 846, 854.
REVIEW, its history, xm. 617;
its influence in English literature,
vin. 434; Macaulay's contributions
to, XV. 126; Brougham's connexion
with, iv. 375; Sydney Smith's, XXII.
177; John Wilson's, xxiv. 592.
EDINGTONITE, mineral, xvi. 423.
EDIRNEH (Adrianople), province, Tur
key in Europe, XXIII. 653.
EDISON, Thomas Alva, his contribu
tions to telephony, XXIII. 129, 132.
EDISTO INLET, South Carolina, U.S.A.,
xxn. 287.
EDMER (Eadmer), English ecclesiastic
and historian, vn. 589.
EDMONDSON, William, Irish Quaker,
xx. 152.
EDMONTON, Fort, Canada, xv. 490.
EDMUND, St, archbishop of Canterbury,
vn. 668.
, king of East Anglia, VII. 669.
I., II., kings of the West Saxons,
England, vil. 669.
, Swedish king, XXII. 745.
CROUCH BACK, earl of Lancaster,
xiv. 255.
EDOM, or Esau, son of the patriarch
Isaac, vni. 533.
, or Idumea, district south of Pales
tine, xn. 699.
EDOMITES, of Scripture, xm. 397; xvi.
533; xvn. 702; xvin. 175.
EDRENEH (Adrianople, q.v.), town, Tur
key in Europe, I. 166.
EDRIOASTERIDA, order of Echinoder-
mata, vn. 638.
EDRIOPHTHALMIA, division of Crus
tacea, vi. 658.
EDRIS, town, Morocco, xvi. 834.
EDRISI, or Idrisi, Arabian geographer,
VIL 669; x. 177.
EDUCATION, History of, vn. 670; phy
sical, XI. 348; technical, XXIII. 105;
laws relating to, vil. 679; in relation
to the poor laws, xix. 476; in the
Middle Ages, xxiii. 831; effects of the
Renaissance on, xx. 386; Bell and
Lankester's system of, in. 540; xiv.
257; communistic theories of, VI. 213;
Condillac's theory of, VI. 253; Froe-
bel's advancement of, ix. 792; Locke's
views on, xiv. 757; Plutarch's, xix.
233; Socrates's theory of, xxn. 236;
TrotzendorfFs system, xxiii. 589; in
Belgium, ill. 518; at Berlin, ill. 596;
of British army, II. 584; in Canada,
iv. 780; in European countries, vill.
710; in France, ix. 512; in Germany,
X. 470; in India, XII. 774; in Italy,
xm. 460; at London, xiv. 834; at
Paris, XVlll. 280; in Prussia, XX. 17;
in Russia, xxi. 71; in United States,
xxiii. 828; Cousin's reports on, vi.
523; Locke's works on, Xiv. 756;
Milton on, xvi. 330; societies for
promotion of, xxil. 226.
EDWARD, or Eadward, I., early English
king, vn. 68 1 ; vni. 284.
- II., early English king, vn. 68 1;
vin. 286.
III., the Confessor, early English
king, vil. 68 1 ; vin. 289.
I., king of England, vil.
VIII. 311; his power in Ireland, XIII.
260; parliament under, XVlll. 304;
his claims to the Scottish crown, xx.
592; xxi. 486.
II., of England, vil. 683; vill. 313;
state of Ireland under, xm. 260; his
relations with Scotland, XX. 594;
xxi. 488.
- III., of England, vil. 683; vin. 314,
318; XIV. 255; his connexion with
institution of the Order of the Garter,
xiv. 122; Ireland under, XIII. 260;
parliament in time of, xvin. 305; his
relations with Scotland, XXI. 489;
with William of Wykeham, XXIV.
585.
- IV., of England, vn. 684; vill. 327;
xv. 536; xxiv. 381, 752.
- V., of England, vn. 685; Vill. 328.
VI., of England, vil. 685; vin.
338.
, the Elder, king of Northumbria,
XVII. 570.
, king of Portugal, xix. 544.
EDWARD, the Black Prince, vn. 686;
vill. 319; in France, IX. 547.
EDWARDES, Sir Herbert Benjamin,
English general and administrator,
vn. 687.
EDWARDS, Bryan, English historian,
vn. 688.
, George, English antiquary and
ornithologist, vil. 688; on birds.
xvin. 5.
— , Jonathan, American theologian,
vn. 688; I. 720.
-, Richard, English musician and
dramatist, vn. 691.
EDWIN, king of Northumbria, vn. 691;
xvn. 569.
EDWY, Eadwig, or Edwin, the Fair, king
of the West-Saxons, England, vn. 692;
vin. 286.
EECKHOUT, Gerbrand van den, Dutch
painter, vn. 692.
EECLOO, town, Belgium, vil. 692.
EEL, fish, vil. 692; xn. 694; angling for,
n. 43.
, Sand, fish, xxi. 257.
- PIE ISLAND, Twickenham, Eng
land, xxiii. 673.
EFFEN, Justus van, Dutch writer, xn. 96.
EFFIGIES, Monumental, vil. 694; in
Temple Church, London, XXI. 558.
EFIK, African tribe and language, iv.
649.
EFREMOFF, town, Russia, xxiii. 605.
EGB ALAND, state, West Africa, I. 9.
EGBERT, king of the West-Saxons, Eng
land, VIL 695; vill. 282.
EGBO, African secret society, iv. 649.
EGEDE, Hans, Norse missionary to
Greenland, vn. 695; xvil. 590.
— , Paul, missionary in Greenland, vn.
696.
EGEDESMINDE, district, Greenland, xi
170.
EGER, river, Bohemia, vn. 825.
, town, Bohemia, vn. 696.
— (Erlau), town, Hungary, vni. 525.
EGERBRUNNEN (Franzensbad), water
ing-place, Bohemia, IX. 724.
EGERDIN (or EGERDIR) GOL, lake, Asia
Minor, 1 1. 709; XIX. 130.
EGERTON, Francis, third duke of Bridge-
water, IV. 342; his canals, IV. 783.
, Francis, first earl of Ellesmere,
vin. 148.
EGESTA (Segesta), ancient town, Sicily,
xxi. 622.
EGFRID, king of Northumberland, xvn.
570.
EGG, EGGS, vn. 696; as an article of diet,
vn. 201; of birds, ill. 772; of bees, in.
494; of fishes, XII. 660; of reptiles,
xx. 463; xxil. 192; xxin. 456.
— , or Germ-Cell, in embryology, vin.
163.
-, Augustus Leopold, English painter,
vn. 697.
EGGA, town, Soudan, Africa, xxn. 279.
144
E G G — E L B
EGG-BIRD, xxm. 189.
EGG-EATER, snake, xxn. 194.
EGGERTZ, on iron and steel, xni. 282.
EGG OIL, xvn. 744, 747.
EGG PLANT, xn. 282.
EGGS, vii. 696. See Egg.
EGIDIO (Giles), St, x. 595.
EGINA, or /Egina (q.v.), island, Greece,
i. 1 80.
EG IN HARD, biographer of Charlemagne,
vn. 697.
EGLANTINE, sweet brier, vii. 698.
EGLINTON, Thirteenth Earl of, vii. 699.
CASTLE, Ayrshire, Scotland, xiv.
77-
EGMONT, or Egmond, Lamoral, Count
of, vii. 699.
• , Goethe's play, x. 730.
— , Mount, New Zealand, XVII. 466.
EGMORE, suburb of Madras, India, xv.
188.
EGO, in psychology, XX. 39, 70, 83; in
Schleiermacher's system, XXI. 412.
EGORIEVSK, town, Russia, xxi. 116.
EGRET, bird, XL 761.
EGYPT, country, Africa, vii. 700 (index,
788); I. 266; antiquity of the dynas
ties, II. 117; contests with Assyria,
ill. 187; relations with ancient Persia,
XVlll. 571, 574, 579, 580; with the
Philistines, xvin. 757; conquest of, by
Cambyses (525 B.C.), IV. 733; xvm.
567; by Alexander (332 B.C.), I. 482;
XV. 140; Hellenism in, xv. 143; ac
knowledges suzerainty of Rome (168
B.C.), XX. 751, 754; conquest of,
by the Arabs (640), I. 778; II. 257;
by the Turks (1517), xxm. 643;
French expedition to (1798), IX. 611;
Napoleon I. in, XVIL 200; plague in,
xix. 166; agriculture of, I. 291; archi
tecture, II. 384; armies, II. 559; birds,
in. 758; caste in, v. 192; coins of,
xvn. 650; Copts of, VI. 354; cosmo
gonies, VI. 447; methods of embalm
ing the dead, vm. 158; glass-making,
x. 647; hieroglyphics, I. 605; XI. 794;
language, XI. 794; xvin. 778; XXI.
642; libraries, Xiv. 509, 549; monach-
ism in, I. 23; xvi. 698, 699; mum
mies, xvn. 20; mythology, xvn. 150;
pottery, XIX. 603; pyramids, XX. 122;
religions, xxm. 236; ships and vessels,
xxi. 805 ; wall-paintings, XVII. 39 ;
weights and measures, XXIV. 490;
cotton supply, VI. 484; opium culti
vation, XVII. 792; railways, XX. 252.
EGYPTIAN ASTRONOMY, n. 744.
EGYPTIAN DRAMA, vn. 403.
EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE, vn. 721; XL
794; xvill. 778; its relation to Semitic
languages, XXI. 642; dictionaries of,
vn. 192.
EGYPTIAN LITERATURE, vn. 721.
EHLITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
EHRENBERG, C. G., on the Rotifera,
xxi. 4.
EHRENBREITSTEIN, town, Rhenish
Prussia, vn. 788.
EHRENSVARD, Karl August, Swedish
critic, xxn. 757.
EHSTS (Esthonians, q.v.), people, Russia,
xiv. 724.
ElBENSTOCK, town, Saxony, vii. 788.
EICHENDORFF, Joseph, Freiherr von,
German poet, vn. 788; x. 542.
ElCHHOLZHElM, Castle of, Mannheim,
Germany, XV. 494.
ElCHHORN, Johann Gottfried, German
Biblical critic, vn. 788; xx. 290.
, Karl Friedrich, German jurist, vn.
789; his relations with Savigny, xxi.
326.
EICHSTADT, town, Bavaria, vn. 789.
EIDER, marine duck, vn. 789; xix.
252.
, river, Schleswig-Holstein, xxi. 414.
ElDOGRAPH, instrument for surveying,
xxil. 721.
ElDOPHUSlCON, panoramic invention of
De Loutherbourg, vn. 52.
EIFEL, plateau, Rhenish Prussia, XX.
20.
EIKON BASILIKE, controversy as to its
authorship, v. 407; x. 109.
ElKONOKLASTES, Milton's pamphlet,
xvi. 332.
EILDON HILLS, Scotland, xxi. 34.
EILENBURG, town, Prussia, vn. 790.
EILETHYIA, ruined town, Egypt, vn.
736, 782.
EILSEN, Germany, mineral water of,
xvi. 435.
EIMAK, tribe, Afghanistan, I. 235.
ElMBECK, or Einbeck, town, Prussia,
vn. 790.
ElMEO, island, Tahiti Archipelago,
Pacific, XXlli. 22.
EINBECK, town, Prussia, vii. 790.
ElNHARDUS (Eginhard), biographer of
Charlemagne, vii. 697.
EINSIEDELN, town, Switzerland, vii.
790; XXI. 465.
ElON, port, Macedonia, xv. 137.
EISENACH, town, Germany, vii. 790;
xxi. 349.
ElSENBERG, town, Germany, vn. 790;
xxi. 347.
ElSENBURG, county, Hungary, vn. 790.
EiSENNlCKELKlES, mineral, xvi. 392.
ElSENSTADT, town, Hungary, vii. 790.
ElSFELD, town, Germany, xxi. 348.
EISLEBEN, town, Prussia, vn. 791.
EISTEDDFOD, Welsh bardic congress,
vn. 791; in. 370.
EISTHALER THURM, mountain, Austria,
in. 116.
EJECTMENT, in English law, vn. 792.
EJIGBO, town, West Africa, xxiv. 754.
EKATERINBURG, town, Asiatic Russia,
vn. 793; xvin. 550; xxn. u; xxiv.
6; thunderstorms at, xvi. 128.
EKATERINODAR, town, Russia, vn. 793;
xiv. 150.
EKATERINOSLAFF, government, Russia,
vii. 793; xxi. 69; town, vn. 794.
EKATERINSTADT, village, Russia, xvn.
504.
EKBATANA (Ecbatana, q.v.), ancient
town, Media, vii. 621.
EKDALAH, town, India, x. 112, 115.
EKERSBERG, Danish painter, vii. 93.
EKHMIN, town, Upper Egypt, vn. 794.
EKREM BEY, Turkish poet, xxm. 657.
EKRON, town of the Philistines, vn.
7945 xvm. 755.
EL, Phoenician deity, xvin. 803.
ELABUGA, town, Russia, xxiv. 303.
EL^EOLITE, mineral, xvi. 412.
EL^EOPTENE OIL, xvn. 747.
ELAGABALUS (Heliogabalus), Roman
emperor, XL 632.
ELAIS GuiNEENSiS, source of palm oil,
xvin. 190.
EL AKSA, mosque, Jerusalem, XIII. 642.
EL-AKSUR, town, Egypt, xv. 89.
EL-ALTAR, mountain, Ecuador, vn.
645.
ELAM, province, ancient Persia, vn.
794; in. 185; xiv. 68.
ELAND, antelope, vn. 796; n. 101; xv.
432-
ELANUS, genus of birds, xiv. 104.
ELAPS, genus of snakes, xxn. 193,
196.
EL-ARAISH, town, Morocco, vn. 796.
EL ARISH, town, Syria, capitulation of
(1800), v. 74; taken by Napoleon
(1799), xvn. 201.
EL-ASEE (Amr b. al-As, .q.v.), Arab
conqueror of Egypt, vn. 749.
EL-ASMAI, Arabic writer, n. 713.
ELASMODON, genus of ungulate mam
mals, xv. 425.
ELASMOGNATHUS, genus of ungulate
mammals, XV. 428; xxm. 56.
ELASMOSAURUS, fossil reptile, xix. 220.
ELASTICITY, vn. 796; xxn. 595, 598,
603; of metals, xvi. 65, 378; coefficient
of, vi. 311; modulus of, iv. 287; xxn.
595; in relation to sound, I. 101.
ELASTIC SOLID, Dynamics of, xv. 743.
ELATEA (Citheeron), mountain, Greece,
v. 794.
ELATERITE, mineral, xvi. 428.
ELATER LINEATUS, wheat pest, xxiv.
536.
ELATERUM, drug, vn. 825; vi. 688.
ELATH, of Scripture, i. 434.
ELATMA, town, Russia, xxm. 41.
ELATO, mountain, Cephalonia, Greece,
v. 344-
ELATOBRANCHIA, group of Mollusca,
xvi. 684.
ELAVER (Allier), river, France, I. 585.
ELBA, island, Mediterranean, vn. 825;
xni. 440; Napoleon at (1814), xvn.
222.
ELBE, river, Germany, vn. 825; x. 449;
in Austria, in. 116.
ELBE-DUES, of Stade, xxn. 439.
E L B — E L I
145
ELBERFELD, town, Rhenish Prussia, vn.
826; xx. 16.
ELBEUF,town, France, vil. 826; xxi. 626.
ELBING, town, Prussia, vn. 826.
ELBODUS, or Elbotus, bishop of North
Wales, xvn. 332.
ELBOW JOINT, Anatomy of the, I. 838.
ELBRUZ, or Elburz, mountain, Caucasus,
v. 252; xxiii. 186.
EL-BURULLUS, lake, Egypt, vn. 709.
ELBURZ, mountain range, Persia, xv.
651; xin. 395.
EL CARMEN, town, Mexico, xxiv. 758.
ELCHE, town, Spain, vn. 827.
ELCHINGEN, Duke of (Ney), French
general, xvn. 472.
ELDAD BEN MALCHI, Jewish traveller,
VIL 827.
ELDER, ecclesiastical officer, vn. 827;
xix. 674, 724; Jewish, xxii. 812.
, tree, vn. 828.
ELDON, Earl of, lord chancellor of
England, vn. 828.
EL DORADO, mythical country, South
America, vil. 830; Raleigh's expedi
tion to, XX. 262.
ELEAN DIALECT, of Greek, XL 132.
ELEANOR, wife of Henry II. of England,
vni. i; ix. 539.
ELEATIC SCHOOL, of philosophy, vni.
i; logic of, xiv. 784; philosophy of,
xvi. 80; xvin. 315; xxiv. 719, 779.
ELECAMPANE, plant, vin. 2.
ELECTIONS, Parliamentary and munici
pal, VIII. 2; British, xvin. 313; corrupt
practices at, IV. 279; voting by ballot,
ill. 289; petitions against returns,
xvin. 705.
ELECTOR,TheGreat(Frederick William),
of Brandenburg, ix. 733; xx. 6.
ELECTORS, Parliamentary, Registration
of, xx. 344.
ELECTRA, of Greek legend, xvn. 827.
— , Euripides's play, vni. 677.
ELECTRIC CLOCKS, vi. 25.
ELECTRIC EARTH CURRENTS, xvi. 178,
183-
ELECTRIC FISHES, vn. 694; xn. 649,
694; xx. 299; xxii. 68.
ELECTRICITY, vni. 3 (index, 105);
as a physical science, XIX. 3; atmo
spheric, xxin. 329 ; its connexion
with the aurora, ill. 96; blasting by,
ill. 810; xvi. 446; mechanical power
of, xv. 773; in minerals, XVI. 376; its
effect on the motor nerve, Xix. 24;
Ohm's law, xvil. 738; Peltier effect,
xvin. 481; propulsive force of, on
railways, XX. 249; contributions to
the science by ^Epintifl, I. 183; by
Ampere, I. 749; by Canton, V. 39;
by De La Rive, VII. 41; by Franklin,
IX. 712; by Sir Wm. Harris, XI. 494;
by Henry, XI. 675; by Clark Max
well, xv. 647; by Pliicker, Xix. 229;
by Siemens, xxii. 38; by Volta, xxiv.
284; electrical societies, xxii. 225.
ELECTRIC LAMPS, vi. 73; xiv. 632.
ELECTRIC LIGHT, vni. 58; xiv. 630;
discovery of, vni. 4; use of, in light-
houses, Xiv. 627; in mines, xvi. 461.
ELECTRIC LIGHTING, xiv. 630.
ELECTRIC MACHINES, for traction,
xxiii. 494.
ELECTRIC PEAK, Wyoming, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 737.
ELECTRIC RAILWAYS, xx. 249.
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH, xxin. 112;
anticipation of, by Ampere, I. 749.
ELECTRIC TRACTION, xxin. 495, 508.
ELECTRIC TRAMWAY, xxin. 495, 508.
ELECTRO-BIOLOGY, xv. 277.
ELECTRO-CHEMICAL EQUIVALENTS,
VIII. I3, 112.
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY, Davy's contribu
tions to, vi. 846.
ELECTRODYNAMICS, vni. 105.
ELECTROGILDING, vni. 116; De La
Rive's discovery of, vn. 41.
ELECTROLYSIS, vni. 106; as related to
diffusion, vil. 219; theories of, Vin. 13.
ELECTROLYTE, vin. 46, 107.
ELECTROMAGNET, xiv. 631; xv. 226,
240, 246; power of, xv. 274.
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINES, vin. 10.
ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY OF LIGHT,
xxiv. 422, 450.
ELECTRO-MAGNETISM, vin. 66; Fara
day's discoveries in, IX. 30; functions
of aether in, vin. 571.
ELECTRO-METALLURGY, vin. 114.
ELECTROMETER, vin. 117; xxin. 117;
Volta's, xxiv. 284.
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE, vin. 83.
ELECTROPHORUS, Volta's instrument,
vin. 101; xxiv. 284.
ELECTROPLATING, vin. 116; nickel,
xvn. 488.
ELECTROSCOPE, vin. 118; dry pile,
vin. 121.
ELECTROSTATICS, vin. 24; history of,
vni. 14.
ELECTROSTATIC UNIT, vin. 22.
ELECTROTYPES, vin. 115.
ELECTROTYPING, Process of, xxin. 703;
of maps, xxii. 715.
ELECTRUM, mineral, xvi. 383; in coins,
xvn. 630.
ELEGIT, in law, xxiv. 696.
ELEGY, form of poetry, xix. 273; Greek,
XL 138.
, Gray's poem, XI. 77.
ELEIA (Elis, q.v.), country, ancient
Greece, vin. 139.
EL-ELFEE (Mohammed Bey), Egyptian
leader, vn. 761.
ELEME, Smyrna raisins, xx. 258.
ELEMENTS, Chemical, with list, v. 467.
ELEMI, resin, vni. 122; as incense, xn.
718.
ELEONORITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
ELEPHANT, ungulate mammal, vm.
122; XV. 350, 423; of Ceylon, v. 363;
of India, xn. 741; tusks of, xin. 520.
ELEPHANTA ISLE, India, vni. 126.
ELEPHANTIASIS, disease, vin. 126; xiv.
468; in Polynesia, XIX. 422.
ELEPHANT'S ISLAND, West Africa, x.
59-
ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS, fossil mammal,
xv. 447.
ELETS, town, Russia, xvn. 826.
ELEUSINIA, Greek festival, vin. 126;
celebration of mysteries at, xvn. 124;
pilgrimages to, xix. 91.
ELEUSIS, town, Attica, vin. 128; plain
of, in. 59.
ELEUTHERA ISLAND, West Indies, in.
236.
ELEUTHEROPOLIS, ancient town, Pales
tine, vin. 128.
ELEUTHERUS, river, Syria, xxn. 821.
ELEUTHS, Mongol tribes, xvi. 744.
ELEVATED RAILROAD, New York,
xvn. 465; xx. 240.
ELEVATOR, lifting apparatus, xiv. 573;
for blast furnaces, xin. 301; hydrau
lic, xii. 520.
ELFRIDA, Mason's tragedy, xv. 611.
ELFSBORG, county, Sweden, xxn. 741.
EL-FUSTAT, ruined town, Egypt, vn.
770.
EL-GEEZEH, or Ghizeh, Pyramids of,
ii. 385; vn. 770; xx. 123.
ELGIN, county, Scotland, vin. 129; area
and population, xxi. 528; represen
tation, xxiii. 727; town, vili. 130.
, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xii. 706.
, Seventh Earl of, collector of Elgin
Marbles, vni. 131.
AND KINCARDINE, Earl of, gover
nor-general of India, vin. 131; his
treaty with China (1858), v. 652.
MARBLES, British Museum, n.
356; vin. 131.
ELGIVA, wife of Edwy, king of the
West Saxons, England, VI I. 692.
EL-GOLEA, town, Algeria, vin. 133.
EL GRAO, town, Valencia, Spain, xxiv.
34-
EL GRECO (Domenico Theotocopuli),
painter, XI. 80.
EL-HADDAD, chief of the Kabyles, I.
569.
EL-HAMRA, town, Egypt, vn. 775.
EL-HASA, province, Asiatic Turkey,
xxin. 653.
EL-HASAN (Alhazen), Arab mathema
tician, i. 572; on optics, xiv. 578.
ELI, priest and judge of Israel, vni.
133-
ELI A, Essays of, by C. Lamb, xiv.
235-
ELIAS (Elijah, q.v.), Hebrew prophet,
vin. 134.
-, patriarch of Antioch, Syriac writer,
xxn. 841.
, bishop of Merv, Syriac writer,
xxii. 843.
, Nestorian patriarch, Syriac writer,
xxn. 849.
XXV. — 19
146
E L I — E L S
ELI AS of Al-Anbar, Syriac writer,
xxii. 849.
, Ney, on the Grand Canal, China,
v. 631.
BAR SHINAYA, Syriac writer,
xxn. 850.
— - LEVITA, Jewish rabbi, vin. 133.
, Mount, Thera, Greece, xxin. 280.
ELIASITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
ELIBERITANUS (Johannes Leo), Moorish
geographer, XIV. 453.
ELICIUS, epithet of Jupiter, xin. 780.
ELIE DE BEAUMONT, J. B. A. L. L.,
French geologist, vm. 134.
ELIJAH, Hebrew prophet, vm. 134;
XIIL 407; xix. 816.
ELIMINATION, in equations, vm. 497.
ELIOT, Sir John, English statesman,
vm. 138.
, John, apostle of the Indians, vm.
136; xvi. 514; xvii. 243.
ELIS, country, ancient Greece, vm. 139;
xvii. 766; coins of, xvii. 643; town,
vm. 140.
ELISA (Dido), queen of Carthage, vn.
196.
ELISABETHENKIRCHE, church at Mar
burg, Prussia, xv. 530.
ELISABETHPOL, government, Trans
caucasia, Russia, xxin. 513.
ELISABETHSTADT, part of Pesth,
Hungary, xvm. 691.
ELISHA, Hebrew prophet, Vlll. 140;
xin. 407; xix. 8 1 6.
ELIZABETH, queen of England, vm. 142,
340; her relations with the earl of Essex,
vm. 556; withtheearlof Leicester, xiv.
425; with Raleigh, XX. 262; her treat
ment of Mary, queen of Scots, XV. 599 ;
excommunication of, by Pius V., Xix.
154; state of Ireland under, xm. 263;
parliament under, xvm. 307; her
embassy to Russia, XXL 93 ; her
interference in Scottish affairs, xxi.
502, 507.
, St, of Hungary, vm. 145; founder
of convents, xvii. 132; her tomb, xv.
530.
of Schonau, mediaeval mystic,
xvii. 132; xxiv. 13.
— , or the Exiles of Siberia, Cottin's
work, VI. 481.
— , town, New Jersey, U.S.A., vm.
145; xvii. 397.
FARNESE, wife of Philip V. of
Spain, ix. 36; xxii. 337.
PETROVNA, empress of Russia,
vm. 145; XXL 98.
ELIZABETHGRAD, town, Russia, vm.
146.
ELIZABETHPOL, town, Russia, vm. 146.
EL-JEZIREH, plain, Mesopotamia, in.
i83A-
EL- JIB (Gibeon), town, Palestine, x. 583.
ELK, or Moose Deer, vn. 24, 25; Irish,
extinction of, II. 336; of Norway,
xvii. 581.
EL-KAHIREH, or Cairo, town, Egypt, iv.
645; vn. 751, 769.
EL-KAMIL, sultan of Egypt, vn. 754.
EL-KARN, lake, Egypt, vn. 709, 774.
EL-KARNAK, Egypt, Temple at, vn.
777-
EL-KATIF, town, Arabia, xiv. 15.
EL-KEFF, or Kef, town, Tunis, xiv. 27;
xxni. 620.
ELKESAITES, eastern sect, xxi. 128.
EL-KHALIL, or Hebron, town, Palestine,
XL 608.
ELKHORN, river, Nebraska, U.S.A.,
xvii. 307.
EL-KiNDl, Arab Christian apologist,
XXII. 848.
ELKINGTON, his plan of draining, I.
33-
ELK-MOUNTAINS, Colorado, U.S.A., vi.
161; xxni. 796.
ELKOSH, birthplace of Nahuin, xvii.
165.
EL-KUDS, Arabic name of Jerusalem,
xin. 636.
EL-KURNEH, ruined village, Egypt,
vii. 779.
ELLENBOROUGH, Earl of, governor-
general of India, vm. 146; XII. 807.
, Lord, chief justice of England, vm.
146.
ELLEN'S PEAK, Western Australia,
xxiv. 507.
ELLESMERE, lake, England, xxi. 847;
town, xxi. 848.
-, Earl of, English litterateur, vm.
148.
ELLICE ISLANDS, Polynesia, xix. 420.
ELLICHPUR, district, India, vm. 148.
ELLIOT, D. G., on North- American birds,
xvm. ii.
, Sir Gilbert, earl of Minto, British
statesman, xvi. 492.
ELLIOTSON, John, English physician,
vm. 148.
ELLIOTT, Ebenezer, corn-law rhymer,
vm. 149.
ELLIPSE, in geometry, vi. 275; x. 398;
mensuration of, xvi. 19.
ELLIPSOIDS OF REVOLUTION, Legendre
on attractions of, xiv. 414; MacLaurin
on, XV. 162; magnetic experiments
on, XV. 255.
ELLIPTIC FUNCTIONS, xm. 58;
Landen's theorem, xiv. 271; tables
connected with, XXIII. 14.
ELLIPTICITY OF THE EARTH, vii. 600.
ELLIPTIC MOTION, in mechanics, xv.
685.
ELLIS, Alexander J., his palteotype
alphabet, I. 608. See also xxn. 381.
— , George, English writer, vm. 1 50.
, G. J. Welbore Agar, Lord Dover,
Vii. 381.
, G. V., his Demonstrations of
Anatomy, I. 817.
, Sir Henry, English antiquary,
vm. 150.
ELLIS, William, English missionary, vm.
150.
ISLAND, New York, U.S.A., xvii.
459-
ELLMAN, John, improver of Southdown
sheep, I. 392.
ELLOR, town, India, vm. 151.
ELLORA, town, India, vm. 151; cave
temple at, II. 394, 395.
ELLRIG, Loch, Scotland, xxn. 553.
ELLSWORTH, town, Maine, U.S.A., vm.
151.
, Oliver, American chief justice,
xxni. 748.
ELLUR (Ellor), town, India, vm. 151.
ELLWOOD, Thomas, English theological
writer, vm. 151; xvi. 335.
ELM, tree, vm. 151; culture of, n. 317;
in United States, XXIII. 808.
EL-MAASARAH, quarries, Egypt, vn.
773-
ELMACIN, or Elmakyn, George, Egyp
tian historian, vm. 152.
ELM CITY (New Haven), Connecticut,
U.S.A., xvii. 394.
EL-MECHEREF (Berber), town, Egypt,
m. 584.
EL-MEDEENEH, town, Egypt, vn. 774.
EL-MENZELEH, lake, Egypt, vn. 709.
ELMES, Harvey Lonsdale, English archi
tect, vm. 152; xiv. 714.
, James, English architect, vm.
152.
ELMINA, town, West Africa, vm. 152;
x. 755.
EL-MINYEH, town, Egypt, vn. 774.
ELMIRA, town, New York, U.S.A., vm.
153; xvii. 457.
EL-Moizz, Fatimite caliph, Egypt, vn.
750; xvi. 588.
EL MUDO (J. F. Navarrete), Spanish
painter, xvii. 250.
ELNBOGEN, mountain, Germany, xxi.
349-
ELNYA, town, Russia, xxn. 183.
EL-OBEID, town, Kordofan, Africa, vm.
153-
ELOHIST, of the Old Testament, I. 54;
m. 637; xvm. 506.
ELOHISTIC PSALMS, xx. 30.
ELOI, St, bishop of Noyon, vm. 153.
ELOPURA, town, North Borneo, XXI
123.
ELOQUENCE, iv. 542. See also article
Rhetoric, xx. 508.
EL PASO DEL NORTE, town, Mexico,
vm. 153.
ELPHINSTONE, Mountstuart, Indian
statesman, VIII. 153; envoy to Afghan
istan, I. 240.
, William, Scottish bishop and states
man, vm. 154.
EL RANCHO, mineral spring, New
Mexico, U.S.A., xvn. 400.
EL ROSARIO, town, Mexico, vm. 155.
ELSASS (Alsace, q.v.\ province, Ger
many, I. 636.
E L S — E N C
147
ELSINORE, town, Denmark, vm. 155;
population, xxiv. 771.
ELSTER, Saxony, mineral water of, xvi.
434, 435-
ELTAVONA (Newark), ancient town,
England, XVII. 370.
ELTHAM, Statutes of, xxi. 36.
PALACE, Kent, England, xiv. 40.
ELTON, John, English trader in Persia,
xvm. 643.
EL-UKSUR (Luxor), Egypt, Temple at,
xin. 89; vn. 776.
ELUL/EUS, king of Tyre, xvm. 808.
ELVANS, veins of quartz-porphyry, X.
312; XI. 49.
ELVAS, town, Portugal, vm. 155; xix.
537-
ELVERS, young eels, vn. 693.
ELVES, fairies, vm. 854.
ELVODUGUS, Welsh ecclesiastic, xvn.
332.
ELY, town, England, vm. 155.
, Isle of, district, England, IV. 727.
ELYMAIS, district, Persia, vn. 794; xin.
395; xvm. 592.
ELYMOI, tribe, Sicily, xxn. 15.
ELYOT, Sir Thomas, English scholar,
vm. 156.
ELYSIUM, of Greek mythology, vin. 156.
ELYTRA, wings of beetles, vi. 126.
EL YUNQUE, mountain, Porto Rico,
xix. 532.
ELZEVIR, family of Dutch printers, vm.
156; their editions of the classics, m.
657-
EMANATION, Theory of, in philosophy,
vm. 752.
EMANATIONS, World of, Kabbalistic,
xin. 811.
EMANCIPATION, in Roman law, xx. 687.
— , of slaves, in Jamaica, XIII. 551; in
United States, xxm. 777. See also
article Slavery.
EMANUEL, or Emmanuel, king of Por
tugal, vm. 157; xix. 545, 547.
B. SALOMON, Hebrew poet, vm. 157.
EMBALLONURID^;, family of bats, xv.
412.
EMBALMING, of dead bodies, vm. 158;
in Egypt, xvn. 20; use of myrrh in,
XVII. 121.
EMBANKMENT, in engineering, vm. 158;
railway, XX. 232; of rivers, XX. 572;
of the Mississippi, xvi. 519; for water
works, xxiv. 406.
EMBARGO, in international law, xm. 194.
EMBASSIES, Resident, i. 657.
EMBDEN, or Emden, town, Prussia,
vm. 169.
EMBER DAYS AND WEEKS, vm. 159.
EMBERIZA, genus of birds, xvn. 534.
EMBEZZLEMENT, in English law, vm.
159; xxm. 232.
EMBID^E, group of insects, xm. 152.
EMBLEMENTS, in English law, vm. 160;
xiv. 274.
EMBLEMS, of the Physiologus, xix. 7.
EMBLEMS, Quarles's book, xx. 159.
EMBOLITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
EMBOSSING, vm. 160.
EMBRASURE, in fortification, ix. 432.
EMBROIDERY, pictorial needlework,
vm. 160; lace, xiv. 184; Japanese,
xm. 591.
EMBRUN, town, France, vm. 162.
EMBRYO, of plants, iv. 155.
EMBRYOLOGY, vm. 163; rise of the
science, xvi. 839; cellular, XXIV. 810;
in relation to evolution, vm. 745 ;
animal, xx. 418; of ascidians, xxm.
613; of Crustacea, VI. 648; ofMollusca,
xvi. 637; of iiemertine worms, XVII.
330; of reptiles, xx. 463; of sponges,
XXII. 425; of plants, IV. 82.
EMBRYO-SACS, in plants, xx. 424.
EMDEN, town, Prussia, vm. 169.
EMEER, or Emir, Oriental title, I. 154;
n. 249; xvi. 587.
EMERALD, precious stone, vm. 170; in.
613; xvi. 418; mines, Colombia, VI.
154-
HILL, suburb of Melbourne, Vic
toria, xv. 836.
EMERALD-NICKEL, mineral, xvi. 399.
EMERALD TABLE, in alchemy, i. 462.
EMERIC - DAVID, Toussaint - Bernard,
French archaeologist, vm. 170.
EMERSON, Ralph Waldo, American
writer, I. 729, 733.
, William, English mathematician,
vm. 170.
EMERY, mineral, vm. 171.
EMESA (Hems), ancient town, Syria, XI.
649; xxii. 823.
EMETICS, in medicine, vm. 171.
EMETINE, vegetable alkaloid, xm. 210.
EMEU, bird, vm. 171; m. 112; xx. 505.
EMIGRATION, vm. 173; from England,
vm. 222; from Ireland, XIII. 238.
EMIGRES, French, ix. 600; return of,
ix. 614.
EMILE, Rousseau's work, xxi. 26.
EMILIA, Italian dialect of, xm. 493.
GALOTTI, Lessing's tragedy, xiv.
481.
EMILIAN WAY, Italy, xm. 435; xx. 555.
EMILIO, Paolo, historian, I. 182.
EMIR, Oriental title, I. 154; II. 249;
xvi. 587.
EMMA MINE, Utah, U.S.A., xxm. 815.
EMMANUEL, king of Portugal, xix. 545,
547-
— BAR SHAHHARE, Syriac writer,
xxn. 849.
COLLEGE, Cambridge, iv. 731.
— PHILIBERT, prince of Savoy, xxi.
EMMAUS, village near Jerusalem, vm.
177.
EMMERICH, town, Prussia, vm. 177.
, Anna Katharina, stigmata of, xxn.
550.
EMMET, Robert, Irish revolutionist,
vm. 178; xm. 271.
EMMET, Thomas Addis, Irish lawyer
and revolutionist, vm. 178.
EMMIUS, Ubbo, Dutch historian, VIII.
178.
EMMONITE, mineral, xvi. 398.
EMODIN, constituent ef rhubarb, xx.
530-
EMONA (Laibach), ancient town, Austria,
xiv. 215.
EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION, pleasurable
and painful, in psychology, xx. 43, 72.
EMOTIONS, Muscular expression of,
xix. 5.
— , Stoic theory of the, XXII. 567.
EMPEDOCLES, Greek philosopher, vm.
178; xxn. 16; on evolution, vm. 756.
EMPEROR, sovereign title, vm. 179;
xxm. 417.
• — — -, Roman, in Augustan age, in. 80;
xx. 769.
EMPERORS, Roman, Chronological table
of, xx. 781.
EMPHYSEMA, affection of the lungs,
vm. 180.
EMPHYTEUSIS, in Roman law, xx. 713.
EMPIRE, vm. 181; the first French,
xvn. 208; the Holy Roman, x. 484.
STATE (New York), United States,
xvn. 455.
EMPIRICISM, Greek, in medicine, xv.
802.
EMPLECTITE, mineral, xvi. 394.
EMPLOYERS AND WORKMEN, Laws re
lating to, xiv. 170.
EMPLOYER'S INSURANCE, xm. 161.
EMPLOYER'S LIABILITY, xxm. 455.
EMPOLI, town, Italy, vm. 182.
EMPYEMA, or Empyamia, medical term,
vm. 182; xix. 222.
EMS, town, Prussia, VIII. 182; mineral
water of, xvi. 435.
EMU, or Emeu (g.u), bird, vm. 171; m.
112.
EMULSINE, constituent of almonds, ix.
96.
EMYS, genus of chelonian reptiles, xxm.
457-
ENAMEL, glaze on metal, vm. 182; in
jewellery, XIII. 679; niello work, XVII.
494; in pottery, XIX. 601.
ENANTIOMORPHISM, xix. 313.
ENARE, Lake, Russian Lapland, xiv.
305-
ENARGITE, mineral, xvi. 395.
ENARIANS, Scythian priests, xxi. 576.
ENCAUSTIC PAINTING, vm. 185.
ENCAUSTIC TILES, vm. 187; iv. 283.
ENCEPHALON, Anatomy of the, i. 869.
ENCHANTMENT, magic, xv. 199.
ENCHASING, or Chasing, industrial art,
vm. 189.
ENCHIRIDION ETHICUM, Henry More's
work, vm. 597.
ENCHONDROMA, disease, xvm. 370.
ENCINA, or Enzina, Juan del, Spanish
dramatist, vm. 189; vn. 420; xxn.
356.
148
E N C — E N G
ENCKE, Johann Franz, German astrono
mer, vin. 190.
ENCKE'S COMET, vi. 191.
ENCOLPIUS, hero of Petronius's Satiroe,
xviii. 722.
ENCOUBERT, edentate mammal, xv.
387-
ENCRATITES, early Christian sect, n.
217.
ENCUiMBERED ESTATES COURT, Ire
land, XIIL 229.
ENCYCLOPEDIA, vin. 190; Americana,
xiv. 564; American Cyclopaedia, xx.
568; of Antiquities, Fosbroke's, IX.
470; Arabic, of Hajji Khalfa, XL 376;
Britannica, history of, vin. 199;
Metropolitana, VIIL 204; Penny Cy
clopaedia, XIV. 856; Vincent of Beau-
vais's, xxiv. 235.
OF THEOLOGY, theological disci
pline, xxin. 272.
ENCYCLOPAEDIAS, Chinese, v. 663.
ENCYCLOPEDIE, The French, VIIL 197;
IX. 671; its influence, IX. 593; Dide
rot's and D'Alembert's contributions
to, vii. 194; Voltaire's, xxiv. 292.
METHODIQUE, of Panckoucke,vm.
202.
ENDE, Franz van den, Dutch physician
and teacher, xxn. 400.
ENDEH (Flores), island, Indian Archi
pelago, IX. 337.
ENDERBY LAND, South Polar regions,
xix. 330.
ENDERI (Andreeva), town, Russia, II.
20.
ENDERLEIN, Caspar, Swiss metal
worker, xix. 184.
ENDICOTT, John, governor of New Eng
land, xx. 152.
ENDIVE, esculent plant, VIIL 205; v.
615; xn. 282.
ENDOCARDITIS, disease, ix. 554; xx.
5i7.
ENDODERM, layer of animal tissue, n.
51; cells, xix. 14.
ENDODERMIS, layer of cells in plants,
xn. 18.
ENDOGAMY, marrying within the com
munity, VIIL 619; classes among
whom it prevails, v. 187. See also
XXIIL 472.
ENDOPARASITES, in Leuckart's classi
fication, xvin. 261.
ENDOPLASM, internal protoplasm, xn. 4.
ENDOPLASTICA, group of Protozoa, n.
50.
ENDOR, ancient town, Palestine, vni.
205.
ENDOSKELETON, i. 820; xxn. 106, 109.
ENDOSPERM, reproductive tissue in
plants, xx. 430.
ENDOSPOREA, order of Protozoa, xix.
840.
ENDOSPOREyE, group of Schizomycetes,
XXI. 405.
ENDOTHELIUM, in anatomy, i. 846, 848.
ENDOTRICHEA, suborder of Protozoa,
xix. 841.
ENDOWED SCHOOLS ACTS, VIIL 205.
ENDOWMENTS, Charitable and educa
tional, v. 402.
ENDRICK, river, Scotland, xxn. 553.
ENDYMION, of Greek mythology, VIIL
205.
, Keats's poem, xiv. 23.
ENEAS, The, romance, xx. 639.
ENEIT, H. von Veldeke's poem, x. 523.
ENERGETICS, branch of dynamical
science, Xix. 2; applied, in mechanics,
xv. 772.
ENERGY, in physics, VIIL 205; xv. 676,
746; kinetic, xv. 698; potential, xv.
700, 748; conservation of, xvni. 553;
conservation and transformation of,
XXIIL 283; conservation of, in rela
tion to radiation of heat, xx. 213;
Mohr's enunciation of conservation of,
xvi. 607; dissipation of, XXIIL 285;
differential equation of, vn. 822 ;
transformation of, in nutrition, xvil.
685; transmissibilityof, thro ugh ether,
VIIL 570; in applied mechanics, xv.
764; of moving molecules, xvi. 612;
in liquids, xn. 466; in a wave, xxiv.
415.
, Bodily, its sources, xix. 9.
-, Vegetable, Xix. 55.
ENFANS SANS Souci, French actors,
ix. 645.
ENFANTIN, Barthelemy Prosper, French
socialist, vni. 211; XXI. 198; his
connexion with Bazard, ill. 459.
ENFIELD, town, England, vni. 212;
small-arms factory at, II. 633.
, town, Connecticut, U.S.A., vni.
212.
, William, English miscellaneous
writer, vin. 212.
ENFILADE, in fortification, ix. 426.
ENFLEURAGE, method of extracting
perfumes, Xlll. 595; xvil. 748; xvin.
526.
ENGADINE, valley, Switzerland, VIIL
213; XL 205.
ENGAGERS, in Scottish history, XXL
514.
ENGEL, Johann Jakob, German writer,
VIIL 214; x. 535.
ENGELBRECHTSDATTER, Dorthe, Nor
wegian poetess, VIIL 214; XVIL 589.
ENGELBRECHTSSON, Engelbrecht, Swed
ish patriot, xxn. 746.
ENGELHARDT, Baron von, his obser
vatory at Dresden, Germany, xvil. 712.
ENGELMANN, Dr, his refractor telescope,
XXIIL 149.
ENGELS, Friedrich, German socialist,
XXII. 210.
ENGHIEN, France, mineral water of,
xvi. 435.
, Ducd', French prince, VIIL 214; vi.
245; execution of, xvn. 207; XXL 325.
ENGIA, island, Greece, I. 180.
ENGINEER AND RAILWAY TRANSPORT
CORPS, xxiv. 295.
ENGINEERING, VIIL 215; military, ix.
421.
SOCIETIES, xxn. 226.
ENGINEERS, Amalgamated Society of,
XXIIL 500.
, Naval, duties of, xvn. 294.
, Royal, in British army, II. 579.
ENGINE HOUSES, Railway, xx. 237.
ENGINES, Air, i. 428; xxn. 522.
, Gas, xxii. 523.
, Locomotive, xx. 225, 244; xxn.
520.
— , Marine, XXL 824; xxn. 517.
, Steam and other Heat, xxn. 473.
ENGLAND, Geography and statistics of,
vin. 215 (index, 262); the name, vin.
263, 283; origin of name, xxi. 476;
academies of science, I. 73 ; of art,
I. 78; progress of agriculture, I. 299;
architecture, n. 425, 442; army, n.
568; artillery service, II. 659; bank
ing, in. 316; birds, xviii. 17; census
returns, v. 335; coalfields, vi. 49;
coins, XVIL 656; colonies, vi. 159;
American colonies, I. 708 ; cotton
manufacture, vi. 489; drama, vii.
427; fisheries, IX. 249; marine fishes,
XII. 678; forests, IX. 399; government,
XL 12; Jews in, xni. 684; land tenure
in, xiv. 263 ; language, VIIL 390;
legitimacy laws in, in. 426; libraries,
XIV- SJ3> 5J5> 542; mines, xvi. 467;
national debt, xvn. 245; navy, xvn.
287; newspapers, XVIL 413; nobility,
xvn. 529; observatories, xvn. 710;
parliament, XVIII. 302; parliamentary
representation, xxni. 727; population,
XXIIL 727; post office, xix. 571;
railway system, XX. 226; settlements
in Asia, II. 701 ; technical schools,
xxni. 109; shipping trade, xxi. 826;
weights and measures, xxiv. 489.
, History of, vni. 263 (index,
367); Anglo-Saxons in, xvn. 568 ;
Anglo-Saxon law code, xxi. 215 ;
Danish invasion of, I. 506 ; its con
nexion with Normandy, xvn. 539 ;
Norman settlement in, xvn. 548;
genealogical table of the Norman
kings, XXIV. 576; Reformation in, xx.
327, 337; Cranmer's part in the Refor
mation, VI. 550 ; Renaissance period,
XX. 392 ; sweating-sickness in, xxn.
734; taxation and finance, history of,
IX. 174 ; Templars in, xxni. 163 ;
under coalition ministry (1783), xix.
139 ; under Cromwell, vi. 598 ; in
time of Ethelred, vin. 567; of Fox,
IX. 496; of Pitt, xix. 139; under
Walpole, xxiv. 335; union of English
and Scottish crowns (1603), XXI. 509;
union of parliaments (1707), xxi. 518;
Macaulay's History of, xv. 128 ;
Pauli's, xvin. 433; Polydore Virgil's,
xxiv. 255.
E N G — E P H
149
ENGLAND, Church of, vm. 370; Thirty-
Nine Articles of, II. 653 ; form of bap
tism in, ill. 352; benefices, in. 560;
bishops, in. 788; Broad Churchism in,
xxn. 453; Convocation, vi. 325; Eccle
siastical Commission, VII. 627; govern
ment of, Vlli. 247; the king the head
of, xix. 674; liturgy, xiv. 710; music
of, XVII. 88; order of precedence in,
xix. 667; Tractarian and Gorham con
troversies, XXII. 451.
, Presbyterian Church of, xix. 685.
— IN TIME OF WAR, Dobell's poem,
vn. 307.
ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE, n. 425, 442.
ENGLISH BARDS AND SCOTCH RE
VIEWERS, Byron's, iv. 606.
ENGLISH BIBLE, vm. 381. See Bible.
ENGLISH CHURCH, Early, its national
character, vui. 279.
ENGLISH CYCLOPAEDIA, vm. 204.
ENGLISH DRAMA, vn. 427.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR, XL 42.
ENGLISH LANGUAGE, vm. 390; xvm.
782,787; origin of, vm. 272; accentu
ation of, I. Si, 82; dialects of, vm.
400; dictionaries of, VII. 187; infusion
of Norman words in, vm. 299.
ENGLISH LAW, Codification of, vi.
1 06.
ENGLISH LITERATURE, vm. 403 (index,
435). See also index, vm. 367.
ENGLISH MEDIEVAL MSS., xvm. 159.
ENGLISH PEOPLE, Origin of, vm. 266,
268.
ENGRAVED PLATES, Invention of print
ing from, IX. 215.
ENGRAVING, vm. 435; of gems, x. 137;
of maps, xxil. 715; photo-engraving,
xvni. 834; wood, early, v. 99; xxm.
683; substitutes for, xxm. 704; in
time of Albrecht Diirer, vn. 554; in
Florence in i5th century, iv. 166;
Marcantonio's improvements in, xv.
531; Turner's influence on, xxm. 666.
ENGROSSING GRAIN, Laws against, vi.
412.
ENGUERA, town, Spain, vm. 446.
ENGURI (Angora), town, Turkey in
Asia, II. 45.
ENHARMONICS, in music, xvn. 79, 91.
ENHYDRA, genus of carnivorous mam
mals, xvm. 69.
ENKHUIZEN, town, Holland, vm. 446.
ENLISTMENT, in British army, vm. 446.
— ACT, British, n. 574.
— ACTS, Foreign, xin. 196.
ENNA (Castro Giovanni), ancient town,
Sicily, v. 201.
EN-NASIR MOHAMMED, sultan of Egypt,
vn. 756.
ENNEADS, of Plotinus, xvn. 335.
ENNEMOND, St, archbishop of Lyons,
xxi. 159.
ENNEPER STRASSE, valley, Westphalia,
xxiv. 517.
ENNIS, town, Ireland, vm. 446.
ENNISCORTHY, town, Ireland, vm. 447;
population, xxiv. 521.
ENNISKILLEN, town, Ireland, vin. 447.
ENNIUS, Q., Roman poet and dramatist,
vm. 447; vn. 410; xvni. 129; xix.
215; his place in Roman literature,
XX. 717; language of, xiv. 332.
ENNS, river, Styria, Austria, xxn. 614.
ENOCH, of Scripture, vm. 449.
•, Book of, ii. 175.
ENOPLA, division of nemertine worms,
xvn. 326.
ENOS, town, Turkey in Europe, vm.
449-
ENRIQUE (Henry), Don, brother of
Pedro I. of Castile, xvni. 450.
ENRIQUEZ GOMEZ, Antonio, Spanish
dramatist, vui. 449.
ENSCHEDE, town, Holland, vm. 450.
ENSIGNS, Military, ix. 276.
ENSILAGE, method of preserving fodder,
XXIL 67.
EN SOPH, the Deity in the Kabbalah,
xin. 811.
ENSTATITE, mineral, xvi. 415.
ENT, of Eleatic philosophy, xvin. 315.
ENTABLATURE, in architecture, n. 464;
Egyptian, II. 391; Greek, II. 403.
ENTAIL, in law, vm. 450; xin. 77; of
land, XIV. 264; settlement in, XXI.
694.
ENTASIS, in architecture, n. 464.
ENTERIC FEVER, or Typhoid Fever,
xxm. 678.
ENTEROZOA, division of the animal king
dom, xix. 830; in Lankester's classi
fication, xxiv. 812.
ENTFUHRUNG AUS DEM SERAIL, Moz
art's opera, xvn. 10.
ENTHYMEME, in rhetoric, xx. 510.
ENTLEBUCH, valley, Switzerland, xv.
40.
ENTOMOLOGY, the science of insects,
Xlll. 141 ; Swammerdam's entomo
logical collection, xxn. 730.
ENTOMOPHAGA, group of insects, xiu.
148.
ENTOMOPHTHORE/E, parasitic fungi,
xvm. 267.
ENTOPROCTA, subclass of Polyzoa, xix.
438.
ENTOPTIC PHENOMENA, in the eye, vm.
819.
ENTOZOA, internal parasites, xvm. 258;
xxm. 49.
ENTRECASTEAUX, Joseph Antoine Bruni
d', French navigator, vm. 454.
ENTRENCHMENTS, in fortification, ix.
431-
ENTROPY, in thermodynamics, xxm.
285.
ENVELOPES, in geometry, xin. 27.
, Paper, Manufacture of, xxn. 461.
ENVIRONMENT, Effect of, on plants and
animals, xxiv. 82.
ENVOYS, Diplomatic, I. 657; xm. 193.
ENYO (Bellona), Greek divinity, in. 549.
ENZELI, or Enzelli, town, Persia, v. 177;
xx. 285.
— GULF, Caspian Sea, v. 177.
ENZIANBRANNTWEIN, spirituous liquor,
x. 1 60.
ENZINA, or Encina, Juan del, Spanish
dramatist, vil. 420; vui. 189; XXIL
356.
ENZIO, king of Sardinia, vm. 454; xin.
475-
ENZYMES, ferments in alimentary juices,
xvii. 671.
EOA, island, South Pacific, IX. 779.
EOBANUS, Helius (Hessus), German
humanist, XI. 781.
EOCENE ROCKS, x. 360.
EOLIS, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 656, 657.
EON DE BEAUMONT (Chevalier D'Eon),
French adventurer, vin. 455.
EONYCTERIS, genus of bats, xv. 410.
EORD^EA, district, Macedonia, xv. 137.
EORLS, nobility of early England, vin.
274; xvii. 529; xviii. 302.
Eos, genus of birds, xv. 7.
-, Myth of, vm. 205; xxm. 413.
EOSINE, potassium salt, iv. 361,
EOSITE, mineral, xvi. 403.
EOSPHORITE, mineral, xvi. 407.
EOTVOS, Jozsef, Baron, Hungarian states
man and poet, VIII. 455; XII. 371, 379.
EOZOON, fossil or mineral, x. 328.
- CANADENSE, supposed fossil fora-
minifer, I. 679; IX. 384.
EPACT, in the calendar, iv. 672.
EPAKTO (Lepanto), town, Greece, xiv.
467.
EPAMINONDAS, Theban general, vin.
456; XL 103; XVI. 52; his friendship
with Pelopidas, xvni. 479; his inva
sion of Sparta, xxn. 371.
EPARCH, ecclesiastical title, xvni. 410.
EPAULEMENT, in fortification, ix. 424.
EPE, town, West Africa, xxiv. 754.
EPEE, Charles-Michel, Abbe de 1', teacher
of deaf-mutes, vin. 457; vn. 7.
EPERIES, town, Hungary, vin. 457.
EPERNAY, town, France, vin. 457.
EPHA, Syrian measure, xxiv. 485.
EPHEMERID^E, family of insects, vin.
457; xm. 152.
EPHESIACA, Greek novel, xx. 635.
EPHESIANS, Epistle to the, vin. 458;
xviii. 422.
EPHESUS, ancient town, Asia Minor,
vm. 466; coins of, xvii. 646; council
of (431), xvii. 356; St Paul at, xvni.
420; temple of Diana at, II. 406, 410.
— , The Seven Sleepers of, legend, xxi.
697.
, Court of the, at Athens, n. 482.
EPHIPPIORHYNCHUS, genus of birds,
xin. 529.
EPHORI, Greek magistrates, vin. 469;
of Sparta, xv. 96.
EPHORUS, Greek historian, vin. 469;
v. 710.
EPHRAEMI CODEX, xvni. 147.
150
E P H — E R B
EPHRAEM SYRUS, early Christian writer,
viii. 470; xxii. 827; as hymn-writer,
xn. 579.
EPHRAIM, of Scripture, vm. 471; tribe
of, xiii. 749.
, the Syrian, early Christian writer,
vm. 470; xii. 579; xxii. 827.
EPHTHALITES, or Hephthalites (White
Huns), ancient people of Europe and
Asia, xiv. 59; xvm. 610, 613; xxin.
639, 659.
EPI BLAST, layer of tissue in animal
embryo, II. 51; vm. 746; xxn. 106.
EPIBOULANGERITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
EPICHARMUS, Greek poet, vm. 471;
xxii. 16.
EPICHLORITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
EPIC POETRY, xix. 264; of the Alexan
drine school, I. 499; of Greece, XL 137;
Sanskrit, xxi. 280, 283.
EPICRIUM GLUTINOSUM, species of
Amphibia, I. 761.
EPICTETUS, Greek philosopher, vm.
471; Stoic teaching of, xxii. 573; his
discourses and manual published by
Arrian, n. 630.
EPICUREANISM, vm. 473; xvm. 685;
xxi. 379; ethics of, vm. 586.
EPICURUS, Greek philosopher, vm. 472;
ethics of, vm. 586.
EPIDAMNUS (Durazzo), ancient town,
Illyricum, vm. 476; vn. 553.
EPIDAURUS, ancient town, Argolis,
Greece, vm. 476.
, ancient town, Laconia, Greece, vm.
477-
(Vecchia Ragusa), ancient town,
Illyricum, vin. 477.
EPIDERMIS, or Cuticle, xxii. 107 ;
anatomy of, I. 897; of plants, IV. 89;
xii. 17.
EPIDOTE, mineral, x. 228; xvi. 409.
EPIFAN, town, Russia, xxin. 605.
EPIGENESIS, biological theory, in. 682;
vm. 744 ; Wolffs demonstration of,
vin. 165; xxiv. 631.
EPIGENITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
EPIGONI, in Greek mythology, Vin.
477-
, school of economists, xix. 376.
EPIGRAMMATA, John Owen's, xvm. 85.
EPIGRAMS, vm. 477; n. 103; of the
Alexandrian school, I. 499.
EPIGRAPHY, the science of inscriptions,
xni. 114; xvin. 143.
EPILEPSY, disease, vin. 479; xni. 100;
xvin. 391 ; its connexion with de
moniacal possession, vn. 61; hystero-
epilepsy, xn. 60 1.
EPILOGUES, Dramatic, vn. 392.
EPI MANES, or Epiphanes, Antiochus
IV., king of Syria, II. 133; XIII. 421;
xvin. 589.
EPIMENIDES, Greek poet, vin. 481.
EPIMETHEUS, of Greek legend, xxiv.
782.
EPINAL, town, France, vnr. 482.
E PIN AY, Madame d', French authoress,
vm. 482; her patronage of Rousseau,
xxi. 25.
EPINICIA, odes by Pindar, xix. 100.
EPIPHANES, Antiochus IV., king of
Syria, n. 133; xni. 421; xvin. 589.
EPIPHANIUS, St, early Christian writer,
vin. 482; xvi. 503.
EPIPHANY, church festival, vin. 483;
xni. 660.
EPIPHYLLUM, group of Cactacece, IV.
626.
EPIPHYTES, plants growing on others,
iv. 94; xvin. 264.
EPIRUS, district, Greece, vin. 483 ; I.
446; coins of, xvii. 641.
EPISCOPACY, vin. 484; in the early
church, v. 700; in Scotland, XIX. 683;
xxi. 507, 510, 515, 780; Milton's
writings against, xvi. 329.
EPISCOPAL CHURCH, of Ireland, vin.
490 ; of Scotland, viii. 490 ; its
liturgy, xiv. 711 ; Protestant, of
United States, vin. 493; its liturgy,
XIV. 711.
EPISCOPAL METHODISM, American,
xvi. 191.
EPISCOPI, hill, Greece, xxiv. 282.
EPISCOPIUS, Simon, Dutch theologian,
vin. 493; at synod of Dort, vii. 374.
EPISTEMOLOGY, or Theory of Know
ledge, XVlll. 793; Ferrier's, IX. no.
EPISTILBITE, mineral, xvi. 422.
EPISTLES OF PHALARIS, in. 53, 579 ;
xvin. 730.
EPISTOLA AD DORPIUM, Sir Thomas
More's, xvi. 819.
EPITAPH, vin. 493.
EPITHALAMION, Spenser's poem, xxn.
395-
EPITHALAMIUM, nuptial song, vm.
496.
EPITHELIOMA, cancer of skin, xvin.
382.
EPITHELIUM, EPITHELIUM CELLS, in
anatomy, I. 847; xii. 4; xvii. 673.
EPITRAPEZIUS, Greek statuette of
Hercules, xv. 120.
EPIZOOTY, cattle disease, xvn. 57.
EPOCHS, or Eras, iv. 68 1.
EPOMEO, Monte, Ischia, Italy, xni. 385.
EPOMOPHORUS, genus of bats, xv. 408,
409.
EPONYMOS, first archon at Athens, XI.
96.
EPOREDIA (Ivrea), ancient town, Italy,
xni. 525.
EPPING FOREST, England, vin. 553;
xiv. 824.
EPREMENIL, or Espremesnil, J. J.
Duval d', French politician, Vin. 548.
EPSOM, town, England, vin. 496; xxn.
694; horse-racing at, xn. 201.
EPSOMITE, mineral, vm. 496; xvi. 401.
EPSOM SALTS, in pharmacy, vin. 496;
xv. 218; xvi. 401.
EPTE, river, France, xvn. 538.
EQUATION, EQUATIONS, Algebraic, vin.
497; i- 5!5) 538; xv. 630; of curves,
VI. 717; functional, IX. 823.
OF TIME, n. 772; xxin. 392.
EQUATIONS OF MOTION, in tides, xxin
358.
EQUATOR, x. 198.
EQUATORIAL CURRENT, in Atlantic,
in. 19.
EQUATORIAL DIAL, vn. 157.
EQUATORIAL TELESCOPES, n. 768 ;
xxin. 146.
EQUID/E, family of ungulate mammals,
xv. 429.
EQUILIBRIUM, in mechanics, xv. 722;
747; of rotating fluid mass, Laplace's
investigations of, xiv. 303; of tides,
xxin. 357, 363.
EQUINIA, disease, x. 634.
EQUINOX, mountain, Vermont, U.S.A.,
xxin. 792.
EQUINOXES, Precession of the, II. 794;
x. 216; its discovery, II. 749.
EQUISETIN/E, class of plants, ix. 106;
xxiv. 129.
EQUISETUM, genus of plants, xn. 207.
EQUITABLE SOCIETY, insurance com
pany, xni. 1 80.
EQUITES, Roman order, vin. 509.
EQUITY, in law, vin. 510; xiv. 365.
, Court of, in England, v. 389.
EQUIVOCATION, Liguorian doctrine of,
xiv. 638.
ERA, ERAS, Chronological, iv. 68 1; v.
711.
ERANOI, Greek guilds, XL 260.
ERARD, Sebastien, French musical in
strument-maker, vin. 512; xix. 74.
ERASISTRATUS, Alexandrian physician,
xv. 80 1 ; on anatomy, I. Soi; on brain
and mind, xvin. 842.
ERASMUS, Desiderius, Dutch scholar,
Vin. 512; on education, VII. 672; his
influence on Biblical interpretation,
XI. 747; his Latin style, XIV. 342; his
connexion with Thomas More, xvi.
816; his relation to the Reformation,
xx. 325; to the Renaissance, XX. 388;
as satirist, xxi. 319.
ERASTIANISM, Erastus's theory of church
government, vin. 518.
ERASTUS, Thomas, Swiss theologian,
vm. 518.
ERATO, Muse of erotic poetry, xvn. 74.
ERATOSTHENES, Greek astronomer and
geographer, vin. 519; n. 748; as
chronologist, v. 710; on geography,
i. 499; x. 176; xx. 92; Strabo on,
xxii. 582.
, tyrant of Athens, Lysias's speech
against, XV. 118.
ERBACH, town, Germany, vin. 519.
ERBEN, Karel, Bohemian poet, xxn.
152.
ERBIL (Arbela), town, Asiatic Turkey,
n. 311.
ERBIUM, chemical element, v. 543;
E R C — E R Y
151
xiv. 292; spectrum of its salts, xxn.
376.
ERCELDOUNE, Thomas of, early Scottish
poet, xxm. 308.
ERCILLA Y ZUNIGA, Alonso de,
Spanish poet, vni. 519; xxn. 357.
ERDELYI, Janos, Hungarian poet, vni.
519; XH. 378.
ERDEVEN, France, Alignments of, xxi.
5i-
ERDJISH-DAGH, or Erjish-Dagh, moun
tain, Asia Minor, II. 705; v. 75 ;
xxm. 654.
ERDMANN, Otto Linne, German chemist,
vni. 520.
EREBUS, in Greek mythology, vm. 520.
AND TERROR, Expedition of, ix.
720.
ERECH, Necropolis of, Babylonia, ill.
189.
ERECHTHEUM, or Erechtheium, temple,
Athens, ill. 6; II. 357, 412; building
of, xvin. 529.
ERECHTHEUS, in Greek legend, vm.
520.
EREKLI, town, Turkey in Asia, XI.
68r.
EREMACAUSIS, chemical process, ix.
98.
EREMITES OF ST FRANCIS, order of
monks, ix. 695.
EREMITES OF ST JEROME, order of
monks, XI. 809; XVI. 711, 716.
ERESUS, town, Lesbos, Asia Minor, xiv.
474-
ERETHIZON, genus of rodent mammals,
xix. 518.
ERETRIA, town, Eubcea, Greece, vm.
649.
EREWASH, river, England, xvn. 598.
ERFT, river, Germany, xx. 519.
ERFURT, town, Prussia, vm. 520;
electoral academy at, I. 72; university
of, xxm. 840.
ERG, plateaus, Sahara, Africa, xxi. 149.
, unit of energy or work, vm. 206;
xv. 668.
ERGANE, epithet of Athena, Greek god
dess, ii. 830.
ERGHIK-SHAN, mountains, Siberia,
xxm. 437.
ERGIR CASTRI, town, Albania, n. 501.
ERGOT, drug, vm. 521.
ERGOTISM, disease, vm. 521 ; xvm.
407.
ERIC, or Erik, Menved, king of Den
mark, his contest with the Hanse
towns, XI. 450.
, the Victory-Blest, Swedish king,
xxn. 744.
IX., Edwardson, Swedish king,
XXII. 745.
XL, the Halt, Swedish king, xx.
745-
XI 1 1., of Pomerania, king of
Sweden, xxn. 746.
XIV., of Sweden, xxn. 747.
ERIC, or Heiricus, scholastic philosopher,
xxi. 420.
ERICA, genus of plants, xi. 589; xn.
263.
ERICHT, Loch, Scotland, xiv. 217;
xvm. 666.
ERICHTHONIUS, or Erechtheus, in Greek
legend, vm. 520.
ERICSSON, John, inventor of an air-
engine, I. 428; his air-engine, XXII.
523; his torpedo, xxm. 451.
ERIDANUS (Po), river, Italy, xix. 251.
ERIE, Lake, North America, XIV. 217;
xvii. 451; xxi. 179, 182.
, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., vm.
ERIEUX, river, France, xx. 528.
ERIGENA, Johannes Scotus, mediaeval
philosopher, vm. 522, 371; on evolu
tion, vm. 758; on the nature of God,
xxm. 241; mystical teaching of, XVII.
131; scholastic system of, xxi. 419.
ERIGON (Czerna), river, Macedonia,
xv. 136.
ERIGONE, in Greek mythology, vm.
524.
ERIK, Blood-Axe, king of Norway, xvii.
585. See also Eric.
, king of Norway, XVII. 588.
ERIMON, of Irish legend, xm. 244.
ERINACEID^E, family of Insectivora, xv.
402.
ERINACEUS, genus of insectivorous
mammals, XI. 610.
ERINITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
ERINNA, Greek poetess, vm. 524.
ERINYES, or Erinnyes, in Greek my
thology, vm. 524; ix. 840; xvii. 827;
temple of, at Athens, II. 482.
ERIODES, genus of apes, n. 153.
ERIPHYLE, in Greek mythology, vm.
524.
ERIS, in Greek mythology, vm. 524.
ERITHACUS, genus of birds, xx. 315.
ERITHROSIDERITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
ERIVAN, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
vm. 524; xxm. 515; government,
xxm. 513.
ERJISH-DAGH, mountain, Asia Minor,
ii. 705; v. 75; xxm. 654.
ERLANGEN, town, Bavaria, vm. 525;
university of, xxm. 848.
ERLAU, town, Hungary, vm. 525.
ERLENDSSON, Haukr, Icelandic writer,
xxi. 368.
ERLING SHAKKE, Norwegian chief,
xvii. 588.
ERL-KlNG, or Erlkonig, mythical char
acter, vm. 525.
ERMAN, Paul, German physicist, vm.
526.
ERMANARIC, king of the Goths, x. 848.
ERMENT, or Arment, village, Egypt, vn.
782.
ERMINE, carnivorous mammal, vm.
526; xv. 440; fur of, vm. 526; ix.
838.
ERMINE, in heraldry, xi. 692.
STREET, Roman road, Lincoln
shire, England, xiv. 656.
ERNE, loughs, Ireland, v. 263; IX. 90;
xm. 216; river, v. 263.
-, sea-eagle, vil. 589.
ERNEST, count of Mansfeld, German
general, xv. 498.
ERNESTI, Johaim August, German
philologist and theologian, vm. 526.
-, Johann Christian Gottlieb, German
scholar, vm. 527.
ERNEST MALTRAVERS, Lytton's novel,
xv. 122.
ERNST, Heinrich Wilhelm, German
composer and violinist, VIII. 527.
EROPHILE, Greek drama, xi. 150.
EROS, Greek god (the Roman Cupid),
vm. 527; VI. 708; statue of,atThespise,
xxm. 297.
EROTIC ROMANCES, Greek and Roman,
xx. 635.
EROTOCRITOS, Greek epic poem, xi.
150.
ERPE, Thomas von, or Erpenius, Dutch
Orientalist, vm. 527.
ERRARD, Jean, French military engineer,
ix. 441.
ERRIBOLL, Loch, Scotland, xxn. 726.
ERROMANGO, island, New Hebrides,
xvii. 395; scene of Williarns's murder,
xxiv. 586.
ERRORS, Theory of, in probability, xix.
780.
ERSCH, Johann Samuel, German biblio
grapher, vm. 528.
AND GRUBER'S ALLGEMEINE
ENCYKLOPADIE, vm. 204; xi. 224.
ERSE, or Irish, language, v. 298.
ERSKINE, Lord, lord chancellor of
England, vm. 529.
, Ebenezer, founder of Secession
Church, Scotland, vm. 528; XXIII.
728.
— , John, earl of Mar, xv. 525.
, John1 (d. 1768), of Carnock, Scot
tish law writer, VIII. 528.
— , John (d. 1803), minister of Church
of Scotland, vm. 529.
-, Ralph, Scottish divine, vm. 529;
hymns by, XII. 593.
, Thomas, of Liiilathen, Scottish
theological writer, vni. 530.
ER-TOGHRUL, early Turkish chief,
xxm. 640.
ERUBESCITE, mineral, vi. 347.
ERULI, ancient German tribe, xi. 774.
ERYCID^:, family of snakes, xxn.
193-
ERYCINA, epithet of Venus, vni. 532;
xvi. 782.
ERYMANTHUS, river, Greece, xvii. 765.
ERYSIPELAS, disease, vm. 531; xvm.
398; resulting from vaccination, xxiv.
26.
ERYSIPHE/E, group of Fungi, ix. 833;
xvi. 294.
152
E R Y — E S T
ERYSIPHE TUCKERI, parasitic fungus,
xvm. 267.
ERYTHEMA, skin disease, xxn. 122.
ERYTHR/E, ancient Greek town, Asia
Minor, vill. 532; coins of, xvil. 647.
ERYTHRAEAN SEA, Periplus of the, xx.
94-
ERYTHRITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
ERYTHROZYNE, vegetable ferment, ix.
96.
ERYX (Monte San Giuliano), ancient
town, and mountain, Sicily, vill. 532;
xvi. 782.
ERZEROUM, town, Turkish Armenia,
vni. 532; xvm. 617; province, xxin.
653-
ERZGEBIRGE, mountains, Germany, vni.
533; xxi. 357.
ERZKASTEN, mountain, Black Forest,
Germany, xxiv. 700.
ERZRUM (Erzeroum), town, Turkish
Armenia, vni. 532; xvm. 617.
ERZYA (Aorsi, q.v.), race of people,
Russia, xvi. 813.
ESARHADDON, Assyrian king, vni. 533;
ill. 187; vn. 742; palace of, at Nineveh,
xvn. 512.
ESAU, of Scripture, vni. 533.
ESCALDAS, spa, France, XX. 128.
ESCAPEMENT, of clocks, vi. 17; of
watches, xxiv. 396.
ESCAUT (Scheldt), river, France, xxi.
389-
ESCHATOLOGY, doctrine of last things,
vin. 534; xvi. 315; in St Paul's
teaching, xvm. 426; Polynesian, xix.
426; Zoroastrian, xxiv. 823.
ESCHEAT, in law, vin. 538; xin. 77.
ESCHENBURG, Johann Joachim, German
writer, VIII. 538.
ESCHENMAYER, Karl von, German
philosopher and physicist, vni. 539.
ESCHSCHOLTZ, Johann Friedrich, Ger
man naturalist, vni. 539.
ESCHWEGE, town, Germany, VIII. 539.
ESCHWEILER, town, Prussia, VIII. 539.
ESCOBAR Y MENDOZA, Antonio,
Spanish casuist, vin. 539.
ESCORIAL, palace, Spain, vin. 539;
xvin. 746; library of, XIV. 532.
ESCORPION, Mexican lizard, xiv. 735.
ESCOVEDO, Juan de, secretary to Philip
II. of Spain, xvm. 525.
ESCUAGE, or Scutage, in law, xxi. 572.
ESCURIAL (Escorial, q.v.), palace, Spain,
vill. 539.
ESCUTCHEON, in architecture, II. 464.
, in heraldry, XI. 686, 692, 711.
ESDRAELON, Plain of, Palestine, xvm.
171.
ESDRAS, Apocalypse of, II. 179.
, Books of, in Apocrypha, Vill. 541,
831; II. 181.
, Fourth Book of, apocalyptic work,
II. 175.
ESEGER SEE, lake, Transylvania, xxm.
522.
ESELSFLETH (Itzehoe), ancient town,
Holstein, xin. 518.
ESHER, town, England, vin. 543.
ESHMUNAZAR I.-II., kings of Sidon,
xvm. 809.
ESHREF, or Ashraf, town, Persia, Vill.
543; xv. 651.
ESK, rivers, Scotland, vn. 526, 656; ix.
410.
ESKI-DJUMA, town, Bulgaria, vni. 543.
ESKI KARA-HISSAR, town, Asiatic
Turkey, xiv. 2.
ESKILSTUNA, town, Sweden, vin. 543.
ESKILUP (Iskelib), town, Asiatic Turkey,
xin. 387.
ESKIMO, race of people, vin. 543; i.
690; xix. 329; their origin, v. 268;
their relations to American Indians,
XII. 822; their religions, XX. 364; of
Labrador, xiv. 176.
ESKI-SAGRA, town, European Turkey,
Vin. 547.
ESKi-SHEHR, town, Asiatic Turkey,
vin. 547.
ESKi-ZAGRA, or Eski-Sagra, depart
ment, Eoumelia, xxi. 22; town, vin.
547-
ESKUARA, or Basque language, ill. 424;
xvin. 780.
ESMARKITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
ESMERALDA, settlement on Orinoco
river, South America, XVII. 843.
ESMERALDAS, river, Ecuador, vn. 646.
ESMOND, Thackeray's novel, xxm. 216.
ESNEH, or Isne, town, Upper Egypt,
Vin. 547; vn. 782.
ESOTERIC DISCOURSES, of Aristotle, 11.
514.
Esox, genus of fishes, XIX. 88.
ESPARTERO, Baldomero, Spanish regent,
XXII. 346.
ESPARTO, grass fibre, vni. 547; used in
paper-making, xvin. 225.
ESPINEL, Vicente, Spanish poet, vill.
548; xxii. 358.
ESPINHACO, Sierra do, Brazil, IV. 222.
ESPIRITU SANTO, town, Brazil, xxiv.
219.
ESPIRITU SANTO, island, New Hebrides,
xvn. 395.
ESPLANDIAN, romance, xx. 655.
ESPREMESNIL, Jean Jacques Duval d',
French politician, vni. 548.
ESPRIT DES Lois, Montesquieu's work,
ix. 667; xvi. 784.
ESPRONCEDA, Jose de, Spanish poet and
politician, vill. 548; xxii. 361.
ESQUIMAULT, town, Vancouver Island,
xxiv. 57.
ESQUIMAUX, or Eskimo (q.v.), race of
people, vin. 543; I. 690.
- DOG, vn. 326.
ESQUIRE, title, vni. 549; xix. 664.
ESQUIROL, Jean Etienne Dominique,
French physician, Vill. 549.
ESQUIROS, Henri Alphonse, French
writer, vni. 549.
Ess, Johann Heinrich van, German
theologian, vin. 549.
ESSAIS DETHEODICEE, Leibnitz's work,
xiv. 420.
ESSAR-HADDON, or Esarhaddon, king
of Assyria, vin. 533; in. 187; vn.
742; his palace, xvil. 512.
ESSAY ON THE HUMAN UNDERSTAND
ING, Locke's, xiv. 756, 757.
ESSAY ON MAN, Pope's, xix. 486.
ESSEK, town, Hungary, vin. 549.
ESSEN, town, Prussia, vin. 550; xx.
21.
ESSENES, Jewish sect, vin. 550; xvi.
698.
ESSENTIAL OILS, with list, xvn. 749.
ESSEQUIBO, river, Guiana, xi. 250.
ESSEVELDOBURG (Itzehoe), ancient
town, Holstein, Xin. 518.
ESSEX, county, England, vin. 552;
population and representation, xxin.
727.
— , Thomas Cromwell (q.v.\ earl of, VI.
604.
— , Walter Devereux, first earl of
(Devereux line), vin. 555.
— , Eobert Devereux, second earl of,
vin. 555; his friendship for Bacon,
in. 202; relations with Raleigh, xx.
263.
-, Robert Devereux, third earl of,
vni. 556.
Es-SiouT, or Asioot, town, Egypt, vn.
775; xxn. 103.
ESSLING, Austria, Battle of (1809), IX.
616; xvn. 214.
, Prince of (Massena, q.v.), French
marshal, xv. 617.
ESSLINGEN, town, Wiirtemberg, vin.
557; population, xxiv. 701.
ESSONE, affluent of Seine, France, xxi.
624.
ESSONITE, precious stone, x. 82; xin.
532-
ESSONNE, town, France, xxi. 625.
ES-SOUAN, or Aswan, town, Egypt, VII.
783.
ESTAING, Comte d', French admiral,
vin. 557.
ESTAMPES, or Etampes, town, France,
vin. 565; xxi. 625.
ESTATE, in English law, vni. 557;
personal, xvin. 664; real, XX. 304;
escheat of, vin. 538.
ESTATES OF THE REALM, vin. 557;
xvin. 306.
ESTAVAYER, town, Neuchatel, Switzer
land, xvn. 361.
ESTE, town, Italy, vni. 558.
, Italian princely family, vin. 558.
-, Leonora d', friend of Tasso, xxm.
76.
ESTELLA, town, Spain, vni. 559.
ESTEPA, town, Spain, vin. 559.
ESTEPONA, town, Spain, Vin. 559.
ESTEREL MOUNTAINS, France, xxiv.
68.
S T— E U B
153
ESTERHAZY, or 'Eszterhazy, Hungarian
family, vill. 564.
, Prince Paul, his patronage of
Haydn, xi. 539.
ESTFENDYS (Aspendus), town, Pam-
phylia, n. 715.
ESTHER, of Scripture, vm. 560; parallel
of her story in Arabian Nights, xxill.
3i6.
, Racine's drama, XX. 208.
, Book of, in Scripture, vill. 560;
in. 639; additions to, in Apocrypha,
II. 181.
ESTHONIA, province, Russia, vill. 561;
xxi. 69.
ESTHONIAN LANGUAGE, Dictionaries of,
vii. iSS.
ESTHONIANS, people, Livonia, Russia,
vm. 562; xiv. 724.
ESTIENNE, or Stephens, family of French
printers, xxil. 534.
ESTLIN, Dr, of Bristol, propagator of
vaccination, XXIV. 24.
ESTOC, weapon of war, xxn. 802.
ESTOPPEL, in law, vm. 563.
ESTOVERS, Common of, legal right, vi.
209.
ESTRADA, La, town, Spain, xix. 455.
ESTRELLA, mountains, Portugal, XIX.
536-
ESTREMADURA, province, Portugal, vm.
563; xix. 537.
— j old province, Spain, vm. 563;
xxil. 298.
ESTREMOZ, town, Portugal, vm. 564.
ESTREPEMENT, Writ of, XXIV. 393.
ESTUARY, of river, xx. 576; xxi. 579.
ESZEK, or Essek, town, Hungary, vm.
549-
ESZTERHAZY, Hungarian family, vill.
564.
ETAH, district and town, India, vill.
,565.
ETAMPES, or Estampes, town, France,
vm. 565; xxi. 625.
ETAPLES, Lefevre d' (Faber Stapu-
lensis), French Reformer,vni. 835 ; xx.
334-
ETAWAH, district and town, India, vm.
565.
ETCHING, vm. 443; Muryon as etcher,
XVI. 45; Rembrandt as, xx. 377.
ETCHMIADZIN, town and monastery,
Transcaucasia, Russia, VI 1 1. 566 ;
xxni. 515.
ETEN, town, Peru, xvin. 674.
ETEOCLES, mythical king of Thebes,
vm. 567; xi. 26.
ETHANE, a gaseous paraffin, v. 557 ;
xvin. 238.
ETHBAAL, or Ithobal, king of Tyre,
xvin. 807.
ETHELBALD, Anglo-Saxon prince, vm.
568.
, king of Mercia, XVII. 570.
ETHELBERGA, wife of Edwin of Deira,
England, xvn. 569.
ETHELBERT, king of Kent, England,
vm. 278, 567.
ETHELFRITH, king of Northumberland,
vm. 271, 278; xvn. 569.
ETHELNOTH, or Agelnoth, archbishop
of Canterbury, I. 279.
ETHELRED, early English king, vm.
286, 567.
— , two kings of Northumbria, XVII.
570.
ETHELREDUS, or Ailred, English
ecclesiastic and historian, I. 425.
ETHELWALD, Northumbrian king, xvn.
570.
ETHELWULF, Saxon king of England,
vm. 568.
ETHER, in chemistry, vm. 568 ;
cenanthic, xvn. 731 ; sulphuric, as
anaisthetic, I. 789; Liebig's investiga
tions on, xiv. 566.
•, in interstellar space, vill. 568.
ETHEREAL SALTS, v. 572.
ETHEREDGE, Sir George, English
dramatist, vm. 572; xxiv. 56.
— , John Wesley, Biblical writer, vm.
573-
ETHERS, Haloid, v. 564.
ETHICAL RELIGIONS, xx. 368.
ETHICS, vm. 574 (table of contents,
6 1 1) ; xvill. 796; in relation to evolu
tion, vm. 766; Aristotle's, n. 517;
Butler's sermons on, IV. 586 ; Cud-
worth's, vi. 691; Descartes's system, v.
148 ; Hutcheson's theory, XII. 409;
Kant on, Xin. 853 ; Malebranche's
system, v. 151; Manicha3an, xv. 484;
of Neoplatonism, XVII. 336 ; Price's
theories, Xix. 722; Pythagorean, xx.
139; Schleiermacher's, XXI. 412; Scho
penhauer's, XXI. 454; Shaftesbury's,
XXI. 733; Adam Smith's, xxil. 171;
Socratic, XXII. 237; Spinoza's system,
v. 157; xxil. 402; Stoic doctrine of,
XXII. 566 ; theological, xxill. 270,
275; Tucker's contributions to, XXIII.
603 ; Whe well's, XXIV. 539 ; Wol-
laston's theory, XXIV.633; Xenocrates's
system, XX I v. 719.
ETHIOPIA, vm. 611; Arabian settle
ments in, XXIV. 739; conquest of, by
Egypt, VII. 736; relations of, with
Egypt, I. 65; language, xvm. 778;
XXI. 654; dictionaries of language,
vn. 192.
ETHIOPIAN REGION, in zoology, vn.
270.
ETHIOPIANS, in Arabia, i. 65.
ETHIOPIC RACE, i. 263.
ETHNOGRAPHY AND ETHNOLOGY, vm.
613 (index, 626); of Africa, XVII. 316,
6 1 1 ; XXIV. 828; of American Indians,
XII. 822; of Europe, Vill. 697; of India,
Xii. 745, 777; of Polynesia, xix. 422;
of Russia, xxi. 78; Ural-Altaic, xxiv.
i; xvi. 740, 749; xxni. 608, 658.
ETHNOLOGY, vi 1 1.613; Prichard's contri
butions to, xix. 723. See Ethnography.
ETHOLOGY (Folk-Lore), Comparative,
t ix. 358.
ETIENNE, Charles, French anatomist, I.
807.
, or Estienne, family of French
printers, XXII. 534.
ETIOLIN, yellow-colouring matter, in
plants, xix. 52.
ETNA, volcano, Sicily, vill. 627; obser
vatory on, xvn. 714.
ETOILES, Madame le Normant d'
(Madame de Pompadour), ix. 586 ;
Xix. 443.
ETON, town and college, England, vm.
632.
ETRURIA, Italy, vm. 633; xx. 731, 734,
739, 742; xxiii. 671; coins of, xvn.
637; glass-making, x. 648; language,
xvm. 780; xx. 661; pottery, xix.
614; influence from, on Roman
worship, xin. 780; terra-cotta art,
xxni. 193.
•, England, Wedgwood's potteries at,
xxiv. 476.
ETRUSCAN ALPHABET, i. 610.
ETRUSCAN ARCHITECTURE, n. 414.
ETRUSCAN ART, vm. 639; xvn. 40.
ETRUSCAN LANGUAGE, vm. 636; xvin.
780; xx. 66 1 ; xxiv. 3.
ETRUSCANS, ancient Italian race, vm.
636; xin. 446; xx. 669; their con
tests with Umbrians, xxni. 723; their
relations with ancient Rome, xx.
73i, 734, 739, 742; astrology of, 11.
739-
ETRUSCAN TOMBS, Remains of, vi.
423-
ETRUSCAN VASES, n. 353; xix. 614.
ETTERSBURG, mountain, Germany, xxi.
349-
ETTINGSHAUSEN, A. von, his researches
in magnetism, xv. 268.
ETTLINGEN, town, Germany, vm. 645.
ETTMULLER, Ernst Moriz Ludwig,
German philologist, vm. 645.
•, Michael, German physician, vm.
646.
ETTRICK, river, Scotland, xxi. 638 ;
xxni. 673.
— SHEPHERD (James Hogg), Scottish
poet, xn. 50.
ETTY, William, English painter, vm.
646.
ETYMOLOGIES, Isidore of Seville's work,
xin. 386.
ETYMOLOGY, xi. 37 ; xvm. 768; of
Aryan languages, xvin. 789.
ETZEL (Attila), leader of the Huns, in.
61; xn. 381; xx. 781.
— , hero of the Nibelungenlied, xvn.
475-
Eu, town, France, vm. 647 ; xvn.
538; xxi. 626; river, xvn. 538.
EUBCEA, island, Greece, Vill. 647; coins
of, XVII. 644.
EUBONIA, ancient name of Isle of Man,
xv. 453.
XXV- — 20
154
E U B — E U E
EUBULIDES, Greek philosopher, Vlll.
649.
EUCALYPTUS, genus of trees, vin. 649;
XIII. 593; in Victoria, Australia, xxiv.
216; in Western Australia, xxiv. 508.
KINO, drug, xiv. 91.
EUCERUS (Demetrius III.), king of
Syria, vil. 58.
EUCHARIS, stove plant, XII. 266.
EUCHARIST, or Lord's Supper, vin.
650; xxi. 131, 139; xxiv. 208; institu
tion of, XIII. 668; controversy of Re
formers on, xx. 332 ; decrees respect
ing, at council of Trent, xxni. 546,
550; Berengar's theory, ill. 586; Cal
vin's views, IV. 719; Luther's views,
XV. 81; Occam's theory, xvn. 718;
Quaker doctrine, XX. 150; Zwingli's
views, xxiv. 833.
EUCHER, St, bishop of Lyons, XXI.
238.
EUCHITES, sect, Greek Church, XI.
782; XVI. 701.
EUCHOLOGIUM, of the Oriental Church,
xx. 630.
EUCHRE, card game, vin. 654.
EUCHROITE, mineral, XVI. 406.
EUCLASE, mineral, XV I. 409.
EUCLERIA, Schiirman's exposition of
Labadism, xiv. 163.
EUCLID, Greek mathematician, vin.
655; on axioms, ill. 159; on the
geometry of the sphere, II. 748; on
mathematical analysis and synthesis,
I. 793; anticipated by Pythagoras, xx.
141; his Elements, x. 376.
of Megara, Greek philosopher, vin.
658.
EUCLID'S ELEMENTS, geometrical work,
x. 376.
EUCRASITE, mineral, XVI. 424.
EUCRATIDES, ruler of Bactria, xvin.
590.
EUCTEMON, Greek astronomer, II. 747.
EUCYRTIDIUM, genus of Protozoa, XIX.
850.
EUDEMUS, Greek astronomer, on the
obliquity of the ecliptic, II. 747.
of Rhodes, Peripatetic philosopher,
XVIII. 545.
EUDES, early French king, IX. 535.
, Eudon, or Odo, duke of Aquitania,
II. 233; IX. 531.
EUDIALITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
EUDIOMETER, for analysis of gases,
Saussure's invention of, xxi. 324.
EUDNOPHITE, mineral, xvi. 421.
EUDOCIA, wife of Theodosius II., vin.
659.
AUGUSTA, wife of Constantine XL,
vin. 659; xx. 730.
EUDOXIA, wife of Arcadius, her persecu
tion of Chrysostom, v. 756.
EUDOXUS of Ciiidus, Greek philosopher,
vin. 659; n. 747.
of Cyzicus, Greek navigator, vin.
659.
EUDYPTES, genus of birds, xvin. 492.
EUDYTES, genus of birds, xv. 2.
EUEMERISM, theory of mythology, vin.
735; xvn. 136.
EUERGETES, Ptolemy III., king of
Egypt, VIL 745.
— , Demetrius III., king of Syria, vil.
58.
EuGANEANS, ancient Italian tribe, xm.
447-
EUGENE, Francois, prince of Savoy,
Austrian general, vm. 659; IX. 581;
xxni. 646; in war of succession, ill.
126.
ARAM, Hood's poem of, xn. 145.
EUGENIE, wife of Napoleon III., ix.
623; xvn. 228.
EUGENIUS I., pope, vm. 662.
II., pope, vin. 662; xx. 787.
III., pope, vm. 662; xx. 792.
— IV., pope, vin. 663; xix. 152, 502;
xx. 323, 805.
— , emperor of the West, xx. 779;
XXIV, 37.
EUGENOL, constituent of oil of cloves,
XXIV. 66.
EUGLENOIDEA, order of Protozoa, xix.
857.
EUGUBINE TABLES, with Umbrian in
scriptions, vin. 663.
EUGUBIUM (Gubbio), ancient town,
Italy, XI. 243.
EUHEMERUS, or Eueinerus, Greek
mythographer, vin. 735; his theory,
XVII. 136.
EUKAIRITE, mineral, xvi. 392.
EUKOLITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
EULALIA, St, Song of, early French
poem, ix. 637.
EULENSPIEGEL, German chapbook, vm.
664; x. 527.
EULER, Leonard, Swiss mathematician,
vm. 665; his contributions to algebra,
I. 515; to trigonometry, xxm. 562; on
theory of the balloon, I. 204; on plane
tary perturbations, n. 760; on tele
scopic lenses, XXIII. 138.
EULYTINE, mineral, XVI. 411.
EUMATHIUS, Greek romancist, xx.
636.
EUMENES I., II., kings of Pergamum,
xvin. 527.
-, general of Alexander of Macedon,
vin. 666; I. 485; xvni. 586.
EUMENID/E, family of insects, xxiv.
392-
EUMENIDES, or Erinyes (y.v.), the
Furies, in mythology, vm. 524.
-, of /Eschylus, I. 209.
EUMEROGENESIS, in growth of com
posite organisms, xil. 554.
EUMOLPIA (Philippopolis), ancient town,
Turkey in Europe, xvni. 753.
EUNAPIUS, Greek sophist and historian,
vin. 666.
EUNETTA, genus of birds, xxni. 105.
EUNOMIUS, Arian heretic, vin. 667.
EUNUCH, vm. 667; voice of, xxiv. 275;
in harems, XI. 478.
EUNUCHUS, Terence's play, xxm. 187.
EUPALINUS, Greek engineer, n. 219.
EUPATOR, Antiochus V., king of Syria,
xviii. 590.
— , Mitlmulates VI. ('/.i'.), king of
Pontus, xvi. 530.
EUPATORIA, town, Russia, vin. 667; vi.
587; xxni. 83.
EUPATRIDS, noble families of Athens,
xxil. 254.
EUPEN, town, Rhenish Prussia, vm.
668.
EUPHEMIA, St, of Chalcedon, XXI. 29.
EUPHEMIUS, ruler of Syracuse, xxn. 23.
EUPHONY, of speech, xvin. 773.
EUPHORBIUM, resin, vin. 668.
EUPHORION, Greek poet and gram
marian, vm. 668.
EUPHRANOR, Greek painter and sculptor,
vin. 668; II. 361.
EUPHRATES, river, Syria, vm. 668; I.
135; xvi. 47.
— , Turtle of the, xxni. 459.
EUPHROSYNUS ULPIUS, his globe of
1542, x. 682.
EUPHUES, Lyly's work, xv. 104; xx.
660.
EUPHUISM, in English literature, vin.
421.
EUPHYLLITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
EUPION, paraffin hydrocarbon, vin. 672;
xvni. 237.
EUPLERES, subfamily of carnivorous
mammals, xv. 437.
EUPOLIS, Greek poet and dramatist, vm.
672.
EUPOLYZOA, class of Polyzoa, xix. 436.
EUPOMPUS, Greek painter, VIII. 672.
EUPTILOTIS, genus of birds, XXIII. 584.
EURE, department, France, VIII. 672.
— , river, France, xvin. i; xxi. 624.
EURE-ET-LoiR, department, France,
vin. 673.
EUREKA, town, Nevada, U.S.A., xvn.
368.
- MINES, Nevada, U.S.A., xxni.
815.
EURELIUS (Gunno Dahlstjernu), Swedish
poet, vi. 764; xxn. 755.
EURIALUS AND LUCRETI A, Pius II.'s
work, xix. 153.
EURIC, chief of the West Goths, XXII.
308.
EURIPIDES, Greek dramatist, vin. 673;
vn. 405; xi. 140.
EUROKYLON, wind, Mediterranean Sea,
xv. 340.
EUROPA, in Greek mythology, Yin. 680.
EUROPE, vin. 680 (index, 720); pre
historic geography of, v. 268 ; invasion
of, by Turks (1453), xxni. 642; Re
naissance in, xx. 381 ; armies of, II.
568; birds, xvin. 17; coalfields, VI.
55; marine fishes, XII. 678; flora, vn.
289; forests, ix. 398; gold, x. 742;
E U K — E W A
155
early military institutions, II. 563;
rainfall, XVI. 152.
EUROPEANS, in the tropics, I. go.
EUROPEAN TURKEY, xxm. 653.
EUROTAS, river, Greece, xiv. 193.
EURYBIADES, Spartan general, xxm.
250.
EURYMEDON, Athenian general, vill.
721.
— , river, Asia Minor, 1 1. 708; xix.
130.
EURYPTERIDA, order of Crustacea, VI.
662.
EURYPYGA, genus of birds, xxn. 652.
EURYSTOMATA, group of Actinozoa, I.
132.
EURYSTOMUS, genus of birds, xx. 627.
EUSE, Jacques d' (Pope John XXII.),
xni. 712.
EUSEBIUS of Cresarea, ecclesiastical
historian, vill. 721; v. 764; canon of,
v. 9; early Christian legends preserved
by, Xin. 658; on Origen, xvn. 840.
of Emesa, ecclesiastic, Greek Church,
vill. 722.
of Nicomedia, defender of Arius,
vill. 723.
- FAMPHILI, friend and pupil of
Pamphilus, xvin. 204.
EUSPONGIA, Turkey sponge, xxil. 423,
428.
EUSTACHIO, Bartolomeo, or Bartho
lomews Eustachius, Italian anatomist
and physician, I. 808; xxiv. 96.
EUSTATHIUS, St, bishop of Beroea, vill.
723-
, archbishop of Myra, Byzantine
scholar, XI. 146.
, archbishop of Thessalonica, vin.
723-
-, Greek romancist, xx. 636.
EUSTYLE, in architecture, n. 464.
EUTERPE, Muse of lyric poetry, XVII.
74-
EUTHERIA, subclass of Mammalia, XV.
372, 383-
EUTHYCRATES, sculptor of Sicyon, 1 1.
365-
EUTHYDEMIA, Grreco-Indian capital,
xviii. 599.
EUTHYDEMUS, king of Bactria, xviii.
589.
— , dialogue of Plato, xix. 205.
EUTHYMIUS, or Euphemius, ruler of
Syracuse, xxn. 23.
EUTHYNEURA, branch of Mollusca, xvi.
655.
EUTHYPHRO, dialogue of Plato, xix.
197.
EUTIN, town, Germany, xvn. 757.
EUTRACHEATA, group of Myriapoda,
xvii. 1 1 6, 117.
EUTROPIUS, St, bishop of Saintes, xxi.
167.
, Roman historian, vill. 723; Paul
the Deacon's continuation of his his
tory, XVIII. 436.
EUTYCHES, founder of Eutychian sect,
viii. 724; Eutychianism, xvn. 356.
EUXENITE, or Euxinite, mineral, xiv.
292; xvi. 427.
EUXINE, or Black Sea, in. 795.
EUXITHEUS, Greek artist, xix. 612.
EUYUK, village and ruins, Turkey in
Asia, vni. 724.
EvAGORAS, king of Salamis, vin. 724;
xvin. 578.
EVAGRIUS, ecclesiastical historian, vin.
725.
EVANDER, in Roman legend, vin. 725.
EVANESCENT QUANTITY, in mathe
matics, xin. 14.
EVANGELICAL ALLIANCE, vin. 725.
EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION, Ameri
can, vin. 725; xvi. 192.
EVANGELICAL UNION, Scottish reli
gious denomination, vin. 725.
EVANGELICAL UNION, of Gustavus
Adolphus, xi. 335.
EVANGELINE, Longfellow's poem, xiv.
861.
EVANS, Sir De Lacy, British general,
vni. 726.
— , Edmund, English wood engraver,
vin. 439.
— , F. W., Shaker elder, xxi. 737.
-, Oliver, American mechanician,
vin. 726; improver of the steam-
engine, xxil. 476.
EVANSITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
EVANSON, Edward, theological writer,
vin. 726.
EVANSTON, town, Wyoming, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 713.
EVANSVILLE, town, Indiana, U.S.A.,
viii. 727.
EVAPORATION, vni. 727; vi. 311; of
liquids, vn. 217; in steam-engine,
xxn. 487; in relation to water-supply,
xxiv. 402; effects of, on Mediterranean
Sea, xv. 820.
EVAPOROMETER, Saussure's use of
thermometer as, XXI. 324.
EVE, of Scripture, vin. 733; I. 137;
Manichpean views of, xv. 483.
EVECTION, of the moon, II. 750, 799;
xvi. 799.
EVELINA, Madame D'Arblay's novel, vi.
822.
EVELYN, John, English diarist, vin.
734; his Sylva, its service to arbori
culture, II. 314.
EVEMERUS, Greek mythographer, vni.
735; his theory, xvn. 136.
EVENING WALK, Wordsworth's poem,
xxiv. 668.
EVENLODE, river, England, xvin. 93.
EVENTS, Principal, Chronological table
of, v. 720.
EVE OF ST AGNES, Keats's poem, xiv.
23-
EVERDINGEN, Allart von, Dutch painter,
vni. 735-
EVEREST, Sir George, British surveyor
and geographer, vin. 736 ; his
measurement of arc of meridian, vn.
599-
EVEREST, Mount, Himalayas, XL 825;
xvii. 340.
EVERETT, Alexander Hill, American
writer and diplomatist, vin. 736.
— , Edward, American politician and
orator, vin. 736; I. 723.
— , James, Wesleyan seceder, xvi.
190.
, J. D., his system of shorthand,
xxi. 840.
EVERETT'S SALT, in chemistry, xx. 24.
EVERGLADES, marsh, Florida, U.S.A.,
ix. 338.
EVERGREEN SHRUBS AND TREES, n.
319-
EVERLASTING, plant, xn. 716.
EVERTS, Johann, Dutch poet, xxi. 618.
EVERY-DAY BOOK, Hone's, xn. 135.
EVERY MAN IN HIS HUMOUR, Ben
Jonson's play, Xlll. 741.
EVESHAM, town, England, vni. 738;
population, xxiv. 666 ; battle of
(1265), xvi. 788; xxiv. 666.
EVIAN, spa, France, xvi. 433 ; xxi.
332-
EVICTION, of tenants, xiv. 275 ; xx. 403.
EVIDENCE, in law, vin. 738; xxiv. 623;
probability of, XIX. 777; obtained by
torture, xxm. 462.
EVIGTOKITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
EVIL, its existence, xxm. 278 ; pre
valence of, xvin. 685 ; Leibnitz's
theory of, xiv. 423; St Paul's doctrine,
xvin. 424; Pelagian doctrine, xvin.
472; Stoic theory, xxn. 568; Zoroas-
trian doctrine, xxiv. 822.
— EYE, The, xv. 205.
EVOLI, orEboli, town, Italy, vn. 619.
EVOLUTE, in geometry, xin. 26.
EVOLUTION, in algebra, I. 528 ; in
arithmetic, II. 532.
— , in biology, vni. 744 (index, 773);
organic, Darwin's doctrine of, xxiv.
76, 80 1 ; development of the idea,
xxiv. 819; in relation to animal dis
tribution, VII. 284 ; bearing of, on
animal mimicry, xvi. 343 ; of birds,
xviii. 32; of man, n. no; of Tunicata,
xxm. 618; in Brahman philosophy,
xxiv. 119; in relation to the history
of the fine arts, IX. 212; in relation to
socialism, xxn. 219; Herder on, XL
729; Lamarck's theory, xiv. 232;
Treviranus's theory, xxm. 553 ;
Wolffs researches in, XXIV. 631.
EVORA, town, Portugal, vin. 773; xix.
, 537-
EVREMOND, Sieur de St, French writer,
IX. 663; I. 785; his relations with
Ninon de Lenclos, xiv. 445.
EVREUX, town, France, vni. 773.
EWALD, Heinrich Georg August von,
German theologian, VIII. 773; on the
Pentateuch, xviii. 506.
15G
E W A — F A B
EWALD, Johannes, Danish poet, vm.
775; vii. 91.
EWE GROUP, of Negroes, xvn. 319.
E\VES, Breeding and management of, I.
393; milk of, xvi. 303.
EWING, Alexander, Scottish bishop, vm.
776.
EXAMINATIONS, vm. 777; competitive,
in China, v. 669.
EXAMINER, London newspaper, ix.
360.
EXANTHEMATA, class of diseases, xvm.
404.
EXARCH, title, vm. 783; xvm. 410; in
the Greek Church, xi. 154.
EXCAMBION, in Scots law, vm. 783.
EXCAVATIONS, in mining, xvi. 459.
EXCELLENCY, title, xxm. 418.
EXCHANGE, in commerce, vm. 784; of
commodities, VI. 196; money the
medium of, xvi. 720; rates of, XXIV.
52.
— , in law, vm. 783.
— , Royal, London, XIV. 832, 846.
, Telephonic, xxm. 133.
VALUE, in economics, xxiv. 46.
EXCHEQUER, The English, its history,
ix. 174; origin of, vm. 297.
— , Barons of the, III. 388.
, Chancellor of the, British minister,
V. 389; vm. 797.
, Court of, England, vm. 796; its
rolls, xx. 312.
BILLS, IX. 182; first issue of, XI.
tional, vm. 803; origination of that
of 1851 at London, I. 452; VII. 240.
EXIMENIZ, Francesch, Catalan writer,
xxn. 364.
EXMOUTH, town, England, vm. 805.
, Viscount, English admiral, vm.
805; his expeditions against Algiers, I.
566.
EXNER, Johann J., Danish painter, vii.
94-
EXOCCETUS, genus of fishes, IX. 352.
EXODUS, Book of, xvm. 505.
, of Hebrews from Egypt, vii. 740.
EXOGAMY, marriage outside the com
munity, v. 187; vm. 619; xxm. 472.
EXOGONIUM, genus of plants, xm. 546.
EXON DOMESDAY, ancient record, vn.
349-
EXORCISM, casting out evil spirits, vjn.
806; vii. 61; xv. 203.
ExoSKELETON, or External Skeleton, I.
820; xxii. 106.
EXOSPOREA, order of Protozoa, XIX.
841.
EXOSTOSIS, bone disease, xvm. 371.
, in laburnum, xiv. 179.
EXOTERIC DISCOURSES, of Aristotle,
II. 514.
EXPANSION, in algebra, i. 555.
— , in steam and heat engines, xxii,
480, 485, 494-
-, of solids and liquids by heat,
386.
DOMESDAY, ancient record, vn.
EXCISE, form of taxation, vm. 797; ix.
1 80.
EXCITABILITY, of nerves, xix. 24, 28.
EXCOMMUNICATION, vm. 798; xvm.
485; law of, XI. 737; Erastus on, vm.
518.
EXCRETION, Physiological processes of,
XVII. 682.
EXCRETIONS, Vegetable, xix. 53.
EXCURSION, The, Wordsworth's poem,
xxiv. 674.
EXE, river, England, xxii. 257.
EXECUTORS, in English law, vm.
800.
EXEDRA, of Herodes Atticus, ancient
Olympia, Greece, XVH. 769.
EXEGESIS, Biblical, xi. 741.
EXEGETICAL THEOLOGY, XXIII. 274.
EXELMANS, Eemy Joseph Isidore,
French general, vm. 801.
EXEMPTION, in law, xix. 764.
EXERGUE, nuinismatical term, xvn.
630.
EXETER, town, England, vm. 801;
newspapers of, xvn. 422.
CODEX, early collection of English
poetry, vm. 406.
COLLEGE, Oxford, xvm. 96.
EXHALATION, of plants, iv. 119.
EXHIBITIONS, National and Interna-
Table of, xi. 582; xvi. 66.
EXPECTATION, or Expectancy, Psycho
logical analysis of, xx. 63.
, mathematical probability, xix.
775-
EXPERIENCE, Kant on the philosophy
of, xm. 850; Locke on, xiv. 758, 759.
EXPIATION, among the Greeks and
Romans, xv. 69.
, Day of, Jewish, vm. 806.
EXPIRATION, of the breath, in respira
tion, xx. 477.
EXPLOITATION, in mining, xvi. 451.
EXPLOITS, river, Newfoundland, xvn.
382.
EXPLORATION, geographical, x. 175.
EXPLOSION WAVES, xxiv. 418.
EXPLOSIVES, vm. 806; xvi. 445;
dynamite, vii. 583; gunpowder, XI.
322; Nobel's, xvn. 521.
EXPORTS, National, Table of, per head,
xvii. 247; taxes on, xxm. 89.
EXPRESSION, in physiognomy, v. 19;
anatomy of muscles of, I, 836.
, of ideas and feelings, by voice and
otherwise, xvm. 767; music as me
dium of, XVII. 77.
, Anatomy of, Sir C. Bell's work, III.
540.
EXPURGATORIUS INDEX LlBRORUM,
xii. 730.
EXTENSIBILITY, of materials, xxii.
599-
EXTINCT ANIMALS, in relation to arch
aeology, II. 336.
EXTRADITION, in law, vm. 813.
- TREATIES, xxm. 532.
EXTRAORDINARY TITHE, Law relating
to, xxm. 413.
EXTRA VAGANTES, collections of decre
tals, v. 19.
EXTREME UNCTION, sacrament, Church
of Rome, vm. 813.
EXUVIATION, in Crustacea, vi. 652.
EYAS, falconer's hawk, ix. 7, 9.
EYCK, Hubert van, Flemish painter,
vm. 814.
— , Jan van, Flemish painter, vm.
815; xxi. 438.
EYE, vm. 816; anatomy of the, I. 885;
in relation to light, xiv. 578; peri
pheral impressions from, xix. 39; its
normal length of vision, xvi. 258; its
vision affected by the imagination, II.
206; diseases of, xvn. 780; xxm. 53;
in birds, in. 725; in reptiles, xx. 461;
representations of, in ancient art,
xix. 612.
— , The Evil, xv. 205.
, town. England, xxii. 622.
EYEBALL, Anatomy of the, i. 885;
movements of, vm. 825.
EYE-GLASS, in the microscope, xvi. 258.
EYE- GLASSES, spectacles, xxii. 372.
EYELIDS, Anatomy of the, I. 890; dis
eases of, xvn. 786.
EYE- PIECE, of telescope, xxm. 139,
143-
EYE-SIGHT, Preservation of, xxii. 372.
EYLAU, Prussia, Battle of (1807), ix.
616; xvn. 211.
EYMERICH, N., his Directory of the In
quisition, xm. 92.
EYQUEM, Pierre, Montaigne's father,
xvi. 767.
EYRE, Edward J., his explorations in
Australia, ill. 105; his suppression of
revolt in Jamaica, xm. 551.
EYSTEIN, Norwegian king, xvn. 588.
E YTELWEIN, Johann A., his Compendium
of Hydraulics, xii. 437.
EYTON, T. C., on birds, xvm. 32.
EZEHO (Itzehoe), ancient town, Holstein,
xm. 518.
EZEKIEL, Old Testament prophet, vm.
828.
EZRA, or Esdras, of Scripture, vm. 830;
xm. 418; XVIII. 512; reformation and
law-book of, in. 635.
, Book of, vm. 831.
— , Books of, in Apocrypha, vm. 541.
, Prophecy of, apocalyptic book, n.
175-
EZZELINO DA ROMANO, Ghibelline
chief, vii. 622; vicar of Frederick II.
in Italy, xm. 475.
Tp the sixth letter of the alphabet,
-*- > vm. 833.
FABER, family of pencil-makers in
Nuremberg, xvm. 490.
F A B — F A L
157
FABER, Basil, German schoolmaster and
theologian, vm. 833.
. , Cecilia Buhl von (Fernan Cabal-
lero), Spanish novelist, VIII. 833.
, Frederick William, English hymn-
writer, vm. 834.
, George Stanley, English divine,
vm. 834.
, Jacobus, early French Protestant
writer, VIII. 835.
, Johann, anti-Protestant writer,
vm. 835.
— , or Le Fevre, Peter, an original
member of the Company of Jesus,
xin. 652.
FABIAN GENS, Roman clan, vm. 835.
FABIANI, ancient Eoman college of
Luperci, XV. 66.
FABIAN TACTICS, vm. 836.
FABIUS MAXIMUS VERRUCOSUS, Quin-
tus, surnamed Cunctator, Roman gene
ral, vm. 836; XI. 442; XX. 749.
FABIUS PICTOR, Quintus, Roman his
torian, vm. 836; xiv. 728.
FABLE, FABLES, vm. 837; ix. 358;
of ^Esop, I. 212; of Babrius, in. 181;
La Fontaine's, xiv. 204, 206; early
French, ix. 640; Sanskrit, xxi. 287.
- OF THE BEES, Mandeville's, xv.
472.
FABLIAUX, Romantic, xx. 633.
FABRE, Jayme, architect, his place in
Spanish Gothic, II. 433.
- D' EGLANTINE, French dramatist
and Revolutionist, vm. 840.
FABRETTI, Raphael, Italian antiquary,
vm. 840.
FABRIANO, town, Italy, vm. 840.
— , Gentile Da, Italian painter, vm.
841-
FABRICIUS, Caius Luscinus, Roman
general and consul, vm. 841.
— , George, German poet and archaeo
logist, vm. 841.
, Hieronymus, Italian anatomist,
vm. 841; I. 809; on the blood organs,
xxiv. 96; his observations on embryo
logy, vm. 164.
, Joannes Albertus, German biblio
grapher, vm. 841.
, Johann Christian, Danish natural
ist, vm. 842.
FABRIZ VON HILDEN, Wilhelm (Fabri-
cius Hildanus), his contributions to
surgery, XXII. 676.
FABRONI, Angelo, Italian biographer,
vm. 842.
FABROT, Charles Annibal, French juris
consult, vm. 843.
FABUL^E ATELLAN^:, Roman comedies,
ir. 827.
FABURDEN, in music, xvn. 81.
FABYAN, Robert, English chronicler,
vm. 843.
FACCIOLATI, Jacopo, Italian philologist,
vin. 843; his Latin lexicon, IX. 393.
Human, Anatomy of the, I. 825.
884; racial diversities of type, II. 112;
in physiognomy, xix. 3.
FACING-POINTS, Railway, xx. 238.
FACTOR, in mercantile law, VIII. 843.
FACTORIALS, Tables of, xxm. 14.
FACTOR TABLES, xxm. 7.
FACTORY ACTS, vm. 844; their effect
on wages, xxiv. 311.
FACTORY ISLAND, Sierra Leone, xxn.
45-
FACULTY, in law, vin. 846.
, in universities, Vlil. 846; XXIII.
835-
FADASI, station, East Central Africa,
xxi. 657.
FADRIQUE, Don, of Castile, brother of
Pedro I., xvin. 450.
FAECES, xvn. 670.
F^MUNDSO, lake, Norway, xvn. 576.
FAENZA, town, Italy, vin. 846; majolica
ware of (Faience), xix. 627.
F^EREYINGA, Icelandic book, xn. 625.
FAERY QUEEN, The, Spenser's poem,
xxn. 394.
F;£SUL/E, ancient town, Etruria, IX. 148.
FAGGIUOLA, podesta of Pisa, xix. 120.
FAGOTT, musical instrument, XVII. 707.
FAHLBERG, his experiments on sugar,
xxn. 623.
FAHLCRANTZ, Christian Erik, Swedish
poet, vin. 846; xxn. 757.
FAHLERZ, mineral, xvi. 395.
FAHLUN, town, Sweden, ix. 17.
FAHLUNITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
FAHRENHEIT, Gabriel Daniel, German
physicist, VIII. 847; his thermometric
scale, xxm. 288.
FAIDHERBE, Louis L. C., governor of
Senegal, xxi. 66 1.
FAINTING, failure of heart's action, XL
554-
FAIR, FAIRS, vin. 847; Russian, xxi.
86; of Nijni-Novgorod, Russia, xvn.
502.
FAIRBAIRN, Sir William, engineer,
vin. 849.
FAIR ECKBERT, Tieck's tale, xxm. 381.
FAIRFAX, Lord, Parliamentary general,
vin. 851.
— , Edward, English poet, vin. 851.
— , Mary (Mrs Somerville), scientific
writer, xxn. 260.
FAIRFIELD, town, Connecticut, U.S.A.,
vin. 853.
FAIRFIELDITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
FAIR HAVENS, Crete, vi. 570.
FAIRHOLT, Frederick William, English
antiquary, vin. 853.
FAIR ISLAND, Shetland, Scotland, xvn.
848.
FAIRLIGHT DOWN, Sussex, England,
xxn. 723.
FAIRMOUNT PARK, Philadelphia,
U.S.A., xvin. 737.
FAIRY, FAIRIES, vin. 854; n. 203.
— MYTHOLOGY, in Celtic literature, v.
FAIRY-RING CHAMPIGNON, fungus,
xvn. 761.
FAISANS, lie de, France, xx. 126; xxiv.
136.
FAITH, as a species of belief, in. 534; in
relation to ethics, vin. 589; to theo
logy, xxm. 264; St Paul's doctrine of,
XVIII. 426.
FAITHORNE, William, English painter
and engraver, vin. 855.
, William, English mezzotint en
graver, vin. 855.
FAIZABAD, division, district, and town,
India, vin. 855; XVIII. 72.
FAKARAVA, island, Tuamotu, South
Pacific, xxm. 602.
FAKIHI, Arab historian, xxm. 3.
FAKIR, member of Mohammedan
religious order, vn. 113; xxn. 662,
665.
FALABA, town, West Africa, ix. i; xxn.
45-
FALAISE, town, France, ix. i ; treaty of
(1189), xxi. 484.
FALASHAS, Jews of Abvssinia, ix. i ;
i. 63.
FALCIDIAN LAW, Roman, n. 79.
FALCO, genus of birds, ix. 2; xiv. 53;
xvin. 56.
FALCON, bird, ix. 2.
, state, Venezuela, XXIV. 140.
FALCONE, Aniello, Italian painter,
ix. 4.
FALCONER, Hugh, English naturalist,
ix. 4.
-, William, English poet, IX. 4.
FALCONET, Etienne Maurice, French
sculptor, ix. 5.
FALCONRY, ix. 5; kite for, xiv. 103.
FALERII, ancient town, Etruria, ix. 12;
vin. 635.
FALERNUS ACER, district, ancient Italy,
IX. 12.
FALICO, affluent of Niger, Africa, XVII.
496.
FALIERO, Marino, doge of Venice, ix.
12; xxiv. 144.
-, Vitale, doge of Venice, xxiv. 1 50.
FALK, Johann Daniel, German writer
and philanthropist, ix. 13.
FALKE, Johann Friedrich Gottlieb, Ger
man historian, IX. 13.
FALKIRK, town, Scotland, ix. 13; xxn.
554; battle of (1298), xxi. 487; battle
of (1746), xxi. 526.
FALKLAND, town, Scotland, ix. 13.
, Second Viscount (Sir Lucius Gary),
v. 170.
ISLANDS, South Atlantic, ix. 14;
birds of, in. 745.
FALK LAWS, Germany, x. 513; xvn.
755-
FALKNER, Thomas, Patagonian explorer,
xvin. 354.
FAL-LA, musical composition, xvn. 84.
FALLERSLEBEN, Hoffman von, German
writer, xn. 44; X. 546.
158
F A L — F A T
FALLING SICKNESS, disease, vin. 479.
FALLMERAYER, Jakob Philipp,. German
ethnologist and historian, ix. 16.
FALL OF PRINCES, Lydgate's poem, xv.
98.
FALLOPIUS, or Fallopio, Gabriello,
Italian anatomist, ix. 16; I. 809.
FALLOW DEER, vn. 24.
FALLOWING, in agriculture, I. 337.
FALL RIVER, town, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., ix. 1 6.
FALMOUTH, town, England, ix. 17.
FALSE POINT, harbour, Orissa, India,
ix. 17.
FALSE PROPHET, Lucian's dialogue, xv.
45-
FALSTER, island, Denmark, ix. 17.
FALTERONA, Monte, mountain, Italy,
XIIL 437.
FALUDI, Francis, Hungarian writer, xil.
376.
FALUN, town, Sweden, ix. 17.
FAMAGOSTA, town, Cyprus, vi. 748.
FAMAKA, town, East Central Africa, XXL
658.
FAMATINITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
FAMILISTS, Christian sect, vi. 844.
FAMILY, ix. 17; development of, vin.
618; legal theories of, xiv. 364; in
Roman law, xx. 671, 674, 688, 706,
712.
COMPACT, of House of Bourbon
(1733), xxii. 338; renewal of (1743)1
xxii. 339; third compact (1761), v.
68 1 ; IX. 590; xxii. 340; renewed
(1796), xxii. 343.
FAMINE FEVER, xxm. 680.
FAMINES, ix. 24; in Cape Verd Islands,
v. 51; in India, XII. 766, 8n; in Ire
land, xill. 269, 270, 272; emigration
affected by, vm. 173; how affected by
the corn-laws, VI. 413.
FAN, ix. 27; Chinese, v. 639.
FANAL SIDERAL LIGHT, for lighthouses,
xiv. 619.
FANARIOTE PRINCES, of Walachia, XXL
1 8, 20.
FANDANGO, bird, xv. 455.
FANEUIL HALL, Boston, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., iv. 76.
FANNIAN LAW, Roman, xxii. 644.
FANO, town, Italy, ix. 28.
FANS, tribe, West Coast, Africa, x. 3;
xvii. 473.
FANSHAWE, Sir Richard, English poet
and statesman, IX. 28.
FANTI, Italian article of food, xv. 125.
— (or FANTEE) TRIBE AND LAN
GUAGE, Gold Coast, Africa, n. 68 1 ; x.
756-
FANTOCCINI, or Marionettes, XV. 546.
FANUM FORTUNE, ancient town, Italy,
ix. 28.
FARABI, Al, Arab writer on music, xvi.
596.
FARAD, electrical unit of measurement,
xxm. 116.
FARADAY, Michael, English physicist,
IX. 29; his contributions to chemistry,
v. 467; to electrical science, vin. 11,
36, 61, 107, in; to magnetism, ill.
64; XV. 244; his law of electrolytes,
VIII. 107.
FARAFREH, oasis, Africa, xvii. 695.
FARAJ, Mohammed ibn, Moslem im
postor, xvi. 585.
FARALADI, Mohammed, Persian min
strel, xviii. 656.
FARBENLEHRE, Goethe's work, x. 734.
FARCY, horse disease, x. 634; xxiv.
202.
FAREHAM, town, England, ix. 32
FAREL, Guillaume, French Reformer, ix.
32; XX. 332; XXII. 790; his relations
with Calvin, iv. 716.
FARGITE, mineral, xvi. 423.
FARIA Y SOUSA, Manoel de, Portuguese
historian and poet, IX. 32; xix. 557.
FARID-EDDIN ABDALLAH (Rudagi),
Persian poet, xxi. 49; xvm. 658.
FARIDKOT, state, North-Western India,
ix. 33-
FARIDPUR, district, British India, ix.
33-
FARID-UDDIN-ATTAR, Persian mystic
poet, ix. 89; xvm. 658.
FARINA, town, Tunis, ix. 34.
, Giovanni Maria, first manufacturer
of eau de Cologne, vn. 616.
-, Giuseppe la, Italian writer and
politician, xiv. 201.
FARINACCIUS, on the infliction of
torture, xxm. 466.
FARINATO, Paolo, Italian painter and
architect, IX. 34.
FARINELLI (Carlo Broschi), Italian
singer, ix. 34; influence of, at Spanish
court, ix. 83; friend of Metastasio, xvi.
104; his range of voice, xxiv. 275.
FARINERIUS, William, general of Fran
ciscans, xvii. 717.
FARINI, Luigi Carlo, Italian physician,
statesman, and historian, ix. 34.
FARISAN ARCHIPELAGO, Red Sea, xx.
316.
FARM BUILDINGS, i. 308.
FARMER, Hugh, English theologian, ix.
35-
, Richard, Shakespearean commen
tator, ix. 35.
FARMERS, Education of, i. 408.
FARMING, Large and Small, i. 411.
— IMPLEMENTS, i. 311.
FARM LABOURERS, i. 408.
FARM MANAGEMENT, of cattle, i. 389;
of horses, I. 386; of sheep, I. 391.
FARMS, Extent of, i. 406.
— , Small, Advantages of, xiv. 268.
FARNABIE, or Farnaby, Thomas, English
schoolmaster, IX. 34.
FARNE ISLANDS, off Northumberland,
England, XVII. 565.
FARNESE, noble Italian family, IX. 36;
XIIL 482.
FARNESE, Alessandro (Pope Paul III.),
xvm. 430; xix. 504.
— , Alessandro, of Parma, governor of
Low Countries, ix. 37; XH. 77.
-, Elizabeth, wife of Philip V.
Spain, ix. 38; xvm. 746; xxii. 337.
— , Ottavio, duke of Parma, IX. 36;
xv. 537.
— , Pierluigi, duke of Parma and Pia-
cenza, ix. 36.
— , Ranuccio, duke of Parma, ix. 36.
-PALACE, Rome, 11.438,441; xvi.
235; xxi. 265.
TAZZA, onyx vessel, xvii. 777.
FARNHAM, town, England, ix. 39; xxii.
694.
FARO, town, Portugal, ix. 39.
FAROE ISLANDS, North Sea, ix. 39; vn.
83; XVII. 592; whirlpools of, XXIV.
542.
FAROELITE, mineral, xvi. 424.
FARQUHAR, George, English dramatist,
ix. 40; vii. 436.
— , Sir Robert, English governor,
Mauritius, xv. 641.
FARRAGUT, David Glascoe, American
admiral, ix. 41.
FARRAH, toAvn, Afghanistan, I. 230;
river, I. 229.
FARRAKHAHAD, district and town, India,
ix. 42.
FARRANT, Richard, English musical
composer, IX. 43.
FARS, or Farsistan, province, Persia, ix.
43-
FARTHINGALE, in costume, vi. 472.
FARTHINGS, Queen Anne's, xvii. 656.
FAS, in Roman law, XX. 670.
FASANI, Raniero, Italian writer, xm.
500.
FASANO, town, Italy, ix. 43.
FASCINATION, Magical, xv. 202.
FASCIOLA HEPATICA, liver-fluke, xxm.
535; xxiv. 205.
FASHODO, town, on the Nile, Africa,
xvii. 507.
FASSAITE, mineral, xvi. 416.
FASTI, Roman calendars and chronicles,
IX. 43.
— , Ovid's, xvm. Si.
FASTING, religious discipline, ix. 44;
xvni. 484.
— , Clans, Danish poet, IX. 49.
FASTNET ROCK, Ireland, XIIL 216.
FAT, in anatomy, I. 851; in pathology,
xviii. 389. See Fats.
FATE, in philosophy and theology, xix.
668.
FATES, in classical mythology, ix. 49.
FATH ALI, shah of Persia, xvm. 647.
FATHER AND CHILD, in law, i. 13.
FATHERS, Apostolic, n. 195.
— OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE, mon
astic order, xvi. 712.
— OF THE CHURCH, ix. 49.
FATH i MUHAMMAD, ruler of Cutch, vi.
73i-
F A T — F E L
159
P'ATHIPUR, district and town, India, IX.
50.
SIKRI, town, India, ix. 51.
FATIHA, Lord's Prayer of the Koran,
xvi. 603.
FATIMA, daugliter of Mohammed, ix.
51; xvi. 546.
FATIMITES, Moslem dynasty, xvi. 587,
594; II. 259, 722; vii. 750; xxm. 620.
FATIO DE UUILLIER, on the invention
of the calculus, xin. 9.
FATLINGS, Oit'erings of, xvm. 343.
FATOUHIVA, island, Marquesas, Pacific,
xv. 564.
FATRA, Mohammedan doctrine of, xvi.
548.
FATS, oils, xvn. 739, 743; vegetable,
xvii. 744, 746; xix. 53.
FATSISIO, island, Japan, xin. 569.
FATTEH KHAN, Afghan king, i. 239.
FATTORE, II (Giaufrancesco Penni),
Italian painter, xvm. 498.
FATTY DEGENERATION, disease, xvm.
390; of the heart, XL 554.
FATWA, town, India, xvm. 409.
FAUCHER, Leon, French political econo
mist, ix. 51.
FAUCHET, Claude, historian and anti
quary (1530-1601), ix. 52.
, Claude, Abbe, Girondist (1744-
1793), ix. 52.
FAUJAS DE SAINT-FOND, Barthelemi,
French naturalist, ix. 52.
FAUJASITE, mineral, xvi. 421.
FAULEN, mountain, Switzerland, XXI.
465.
FAULTS, in rocks, x. 261, 301, 372; xvi.
442.
FAUN, in classical mythology, IX. 53.
FAURESMITH, village, Orange River
Free State, Africa, xvn. 813.
FAURIEL, Charles Claude, French his
torian and critic, IX. 53.
FAUST, in mediaeval legend, IX. 54.
, Goethe's, X. 539, 733, 735.
— , Spohr's opera, xxil. 411.
FAUSTA, Roman princess, vi. 300.
FAUSTINA, Annia, wife of Marcus
Aurelius, IV. 54.
, Temple of, at Rome, II. 416; xx.
820.
FAUSTUS, in mediaeval legend, ix. 54.
, Doctor, Marlowe's drama, xv. 556.
— , Johannes, German printer, xxm.
684.
FAVARA, town, Sicily, ix. 56.
FAVART, Charles Simon, French drama
tist, ix. 56.
FAVENTIA (Faenza), ancient town, Italy,
vin. 846.
(Barcelona), ancient town, Spain,
ni. 368.
FAVERSHAM, town, England, ix. 56 ;
xiv. 39.
FAVORINUS, Greek sophist, ix. 56.
FAVORITA, La, Donizetti's opera, vii.
364-
FAVRE, his researches in law of energy
in electricity, vin. 89.
FAVUS, disease, xvm. 269; Schonlein's
discovery in relation to, xv. 817.
FAWCETT, Henry, English economist,
hispostalreforms, Xix. 570; his manual
of political economy, xix. 399.
FAWKES, Francis, English poet, ix. 57.
— , Guy, Gunpowder Plot conspirator,
IX. 57.
-, of Farnley Hall, friend of Turner,
xxm. 664.
FAWKNER, John Pascoe, colonizer of
Victoria, Australia, xxiv. 218.
FAY, Andras, Hungarian poet, IX. 59 ;
xn. 377.
FAYAL, island, Azores, in. 172.
FAYALITE, mineral, xvi. 410.
FAYE'S COMET, vi. 192.
FAYETTEVILLE, town, North Carolina,
U.S.A., ix. 59.
FAYOUM, district and lake, Egypt, vii.
774; labyrinth of, n. 387; vn. 774.
FAYS, or Fairies, vin. 854.
FAZIL AHMED, Turkish vizier, xxm.
645.
FAZIO DEGLI UBERTI, mediieval Italian
poet, xin. 505.
FAZOKLO, town, East Central Africa,
xxi. 658.
FEA, Carlo, Italian archaeologist, ix.
59-
FEALTY, Oath of, in feudal system, xiv.
114; ix. 121; xn. 107.
FEARNE, Charles, English jurist, ix. 59.
FEAST-DAYS, ix. 113.
FEAST OF THE LEARNED (Deipnoso-
phistse), Athenaitis's work, n. 831.
FEASTS, Jewish, xvm. 511; feast of the
passover, xvm. 343, 511; of taber
nacles, xxm. 6; xvm. 511; of un
leavened bread, xvm. 343, 511; of
weeks, xvm. 511, 514.
— , Sacrificial, XXI. 134.
FEATHERS, ix. 59; of birds, in. 727,
776; xvin. 26; xxn. 107, 108.
FEATHER-STARS, crinoid Echinoder-
mata, vn. 635.
FEBRILE DISEASES, xvin. 394.
FEBRONIUS, Justinus (Hontheim),
writer on Gallican liberties, xn. 143;
xix. 507.
FEBRUARY, month, ix. 61; xv. 66.
FECAMP, town, France, IX. 61; XXI.
626.
FECHNER, G. T., on [esthetics, I. 220; his
metaphysical system, vin. 767.
FECHNER'S LAW, in psycho-physics,
xxiv. 470; xvn. 104.
FECKENHAM, or Fecknam, John de,
abbot of Westminster, ix. 61.
FECUNDATION, in biology, in. 686;
of animal ovum, xx. 417; of plants,
xx. 425.
FEDAIS, or Assassins (q.v.), n. 723.
FEDCHENKO, Alexis Paulowitch, Rus
sian naturalist, IX. 61.
FEDDERSEN, on electrical discharges,
vin. 65.
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, ix. 61; XL
20; in Switzerland, XXII. 795; in
United States, xxm. 749.
FEDERICI, Camillo, Italian dramatist,
ix. 63.
FEDKOVICH, Yuri, Russian poet, xxi.
1 10.
FEDLIMID, king of Minister, xin. 252.
FEE, in English law, ix. 63.
FEEDING STUFFS, their value as
manure, xv. 511.
FEEJEE (or FIJI) ISLANDS, Pacific, ix.
155; xv. 835.
FEELING, in psychology, xx. 40, 66, 74.
— , Sense of, xxm. 478; in mammals,
xv. 367; nerves of, I. 897.
FEET, of mammals, xv. 360.
- WASHING, Maundy Thursday rite,
xv. 635.
FEGATELLA, genus of liverworts, xvn.
67.
FEHLING, H., his tests of sugar, xxn.
624.
FEHMARN, island, Schlcswig-Holstein,
xxi. 414.
FEHMIC COURTS (Fehmgerichte), Ger
many, ix. 63; x. 495.
FEHRBELLIN, Prussia, Battle of (1675),
xx. 7.
FEINAIGLE, Gregoire de, his system of
mnemonics, xvi. 533.
FEIRAN, wady, Sinai, Arabia, xxn. 89.
FEITAMA, Sybrand, Dutch writer, IX.
64; xn. 96.
FEITH, Rhijnvis, Dutch poet, ix. 64;
xn. 97.
FEIYOOM, district and lake, Egypt, vn.
774; labyrinth of, 11. 387; vn. 774.
FEJER, Gyorgy, Hungarian writer, ix.
64.
FELDBERG, mountain, Black Forest,
Germany, xxiv. 700.
FELDKIRCH, town, Vorarlberg, Austria,
ix. 65; xxiv. 297.
FELDON, district, Warwickshire, Eng
land, xxi. 739.
FELEGYHAZA, town, Hungary, ix. 65.
FELIBIEN, Andre, French architect and
historiographer, IX. 65.
— , Dom Michel, French historian, IX.
65.
FELID^E, family of Carnivora, xv. 434.
FELINITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
FELINSKI, Aloysius, Polish dramatist,
xix. 303.
FELIX I., pope, ix. 65.
- II., pope, ix. 66.
- III. (or H.), pope, ix. 66; xix.
492.
- IV. (or III.), pope, IX. 66.
- V. (or IV.), pope, I. 650; xix. 503;
xxi. 341.
— of Urgel, Adoptianist, I. 163; XIV.
449-
of Valois, founder of order of
160
F E L — F E K
Trinitarians, ix. 66; xvi. 709; xxm.
574-
FELIX, Antonius, procurator of Judoea,
ix. 66; xm. 427.
, Elizabeth, French actress, XX. 203.
AND REGULA, Sts, Abbey of,
Zurich, Switzerland, xxn. 781; XXiv.
830.
MARTE DE HYRCANIA, romance,
xx. 659.
FELL, John, bishop of Oxford, ix. 66.
, Margaret, English Quakeress, IX.
501; xx. 148.
FELLAHS, or Fellaheen, Moslem Egyp
tians, i. 266; vii. 723.
FELLATAHS, or Foulahs (q.v.), people,
Africa, I. 263.
FELLENBERG, Philipp Emanuel von,
Swiss educationist, ix. 67.
FELLER, Fran§ois Xavier de, Belgian
writer, ix. 67.
FELLOWS, Sir Charles, English traveller
and antiquary, IX. 67.
FELO DE SE, in law, ix. 68. See also
xxii. 629.
FELON-GRASS, hellebore, XI. 635.
FELONY, in law, ix. 68; vi. 588.
FELSPAR, mineral, x. 227; xi. 48; xvi.
418.
FELSTONE, rock, xi. 49.
FELT, fabric of matted fibres, IX. 68;
xxiv. 658; in hat industry, XL 518.
FELTHAM, Owen, English moralist,
IX. 69.
FELTON, John, assassin of Buckingham,
IV. 419.
FELTRE, town, Italy, ix. 69.
, Morto da, Italian painter, IX. 69.
FELTRIA, ancient town, Italy, ix. 69.
FELUP GROUP, of Negroes, xvn. 319.
FELWORT, plant, x. 160.
FEMMES SAVANTES, Les, Moliere's play,
xvi. 629.
FEMUR, or Thigh-bone, Anatomy of the,
I. 829; of birds, III. 722.
FENCES, in agriculture, I. 309.
FENCING, in gymnastics, ix. 69.
FENELON, Bertrand de Salignac, French
diplomatist, IX. 72.
— , Francois de Salignac, archbishop
of Cambray, IX. 72, 662; his economic
teaching, xix. 359.
FENIANS, in early Irish history, IX. 74;
in recent history, Xlil. 271.
FEN LAND, Reclamation of, I. 404.
FENN, Sir John, English antiquary,
xviii. 344.
FENNEL, plant, ix. 76; xn. 289.
FENNIANS, or Fenians, ix. 74; Fennian
tales, v. 311.
FENS, Reclamation of, I. 404; Bedford
level, England, in. 482 ; in Cam
bridgeshire, IV. 727; in Lincolnshire,
Xiv. 653; in Holland, xil. 62.
FENTON, Elijah, English poet, ix. 76.
, Sir Geoffrey, English statesman
and writer, IX. 76.
FENUGREEK, herb, ix. 76.
FENWICK, John, Quaker settler in New
Jersey, xx. 152; his relations with
Penn, xvm. 494.
FEODOR I., czar of Russia, xxi. 93.
— II., czar of Russia, xxi. 95.
III., czar of Russia, xxi. 96.
FEOFFEE, in English law, xxm. 596.
FEOFFMENT, in English law, ix. 77.
FERBERITE, mineral, xvi. 403.
FERDINAND, the name, ix. 77.
- I., emperor, IX. 77; x. 499; be
comes king of Hungary, ill. 124; xil.
369-
— II., emperor, IX. 77; x. 500; his
relations with Wallenstein, xxiv. 328.
— III., emperor, IX. 78; x. 502.
I., king of Aragon and Sicily, IX.
80; n. 324.
- II., of Aragon (V. of Castile), IX.
81; xxii. 325.
— L, emperor of Austria, IX. 78; in.
136; XIL 371.
— , duke of Brunswick, IX. 84; in the
Seven Years' War, IX. 589.
— I., the Great, king of Castile, ix.
80; xxii. 315.
- II., of Leon, IX. 80; XXII. 317.
- III., St, of Castile and Leon, ix.
81; xxn. 317.
IV., of Castile and Leon, IX. Si;
xxn. 319.
-V., of Castile, ix. 81; xxn. 325;
his conquest of Naples, xm. 481 ;
Prescott's History of, xix. 702.
— VI., king of Spain, IX. 82; xxn.
339-
- VII., of Spain, ix. 83; xxii. 345.
- L, king of Naples, ix. 78.
- II., of Naples, ix. 78; xm. 488.
- III., of Naples (V. of Castile), IX.
81; xxii. 325.
- IV., of Naples (I. of Two Sicilies),
ix. 78; xm. 485; xxii. 29.
— , king of Portugal, IX. 79; Xix.
543-
VI., VII., kings of Spain. See
under Ferdinands of Castile.
— I., grand-duke of Tuscany, XV. 791.
— II., of Tuscany, XV. 792.
- III., of Tuscany, IX. 84.
L, king of the Two Sicilies (IV.
of Naples), ix. 78; xm. 485; xxn.
29.
— II., of the Two Sicilies, IX. 79;
Xlil. 488.
— AND ISABELLA, Prescott's History
of, xix. 702.
-, COUNT FATHOM, Smollett's novel,
xxii. 184.
FEREIRA, Antonio de, Portuguese poet,
xix. 556.
FERENTINO (the ancient Ferentinum),
town, Italy, ix. 84.
FERENTO, town, Italy, ix. 85.
FERGHANA, province, Russian Turke
stan, ix. 85; xxn. 818; xxm. 632.
FERGUSON, Adam, Scottish philosopher
and historian, IX. 86.
— , James, English mechanist and
astronomer, IX. 87.
FERGUSONITE, mineral, xvi. 427;
polarity of, xix. 313.
FERGUSSON, James, on the Holy
Sepulchre, xxi. 671.
— , Robert, Scottish poet, IX. 87.
, Sir William, surgeon, IX. 88.
FERINE, Roman festivals, ix. 114;
Latince, xm. 781.
FERID-EDDIN-ATHAR, Persian mystic
poet, IX. 89; xvm. 658.
FKRISHTA, Mohammed Kasim, Persian
historian, IX. 89.
FERMANAGH, county, Ireland, ix. 90;
population and representation, xxm.
727.
FERMAT, Pierre de, French mathema
tician, IX. 91 ; on maxima and minima,
Xlil. 7; on porisms, xix. 520.
FERMENTATION, ix. 91; in animal
tissues, XXII. 680; in plants, xix. 51;
due to minute organisms, xxi. 407;
in brewing, iv. 275; minor, in wine-
making, xxiv. 602; Schwann's obser
vations on, xxi. 460.
FERMO, town, Italy, ix. 98.
FERMOR, Russian general, xxi. 99.
FERMOY, town, Ireland, ix. 99.
FERN, plant, IX. 100. See Ferns.
FERNAN CABALLERO (Cecilia Bb'hl von
Faber), Spanish novelist, vni. 833.
FERNANDEZ, Alvaro, Portuguese ex
plorer, ix. 99.
, Diego, Spanish adventurer and
historian, ix. 99.
, Joam, Portuguese traveller, IX.
99-
— , Juan, Spanish adventurer, IX. 99.
— , Juan, Spanish navigator, IX. 99.
FERNANDO DE NORONHA, islands,
South Atlantic, ix. 99.
FERNANDO Po, island, West Africa, ix.
100; I. 272; xxn. 298.
FERNEL, Jean Francois, French phy
sician, ix. 100.
FERNEY, near Geneva (dcp. Ain), Vol
taire's residence, xxiv. 290.
FERNOW, Karl Ludwig, German art
critic and archasologist, IX. 100.
FERNS, group of plants, ix. 100; xxiv.
129; reproduction of, IV. 160; xx.
423; stem in, IV. 106; as garden and
hot-house plants, Xil. 267.
FERN-TREE, xxm. 534.
FEROE ISLANDS, or Faroe Islands (q.v.\
Norwegian Sea, IX. 39.
FEROZEPORE, district, India, ix. 241;
xx. 109; town, ix. 241.
FEROZESHAHR (Firoz-shahr), India,
Battle of (1845), xx- II2-
FERRAND, Comte, French statesman and
writer, IX. 107.
FERRARA, town, Italy, ix. 107; school
of painting of, XXI. 437, 443; sword
F E K — F I E
161
blades of, XXII. 803; university, xxiii.
837.
FERRARA, Francesco, Italian economist,
xix. 387.
FERRARI, Lewis, Italian algebraist, i.
GAUDENZIO, Italian painter, ix.
108.
FERREIRA, Antonio, Portuguese poet,
ix. 109.
FERRET, albino variety of the polecat,
ix. 109; xv. 440; xix. 331.
FERRETTI, Giovanni Maria Mastai
(Pope Pius IX.), xix. 156.
FERREUS, Scipio, Italian algebraist, i.
FERREX AND PORREX, earl of Dorset's
tragedy, vn. 373, 428.
FERRI, Ciro, Italian painter, ix. 109.
FERRICYANIDES, xx. 24.
FERRIER, David, on motor areas in man,
xix. 41.
— , James Frederick, Scottish meta
physician, IX. 109.
, Susan Edmonston, Scottish novel-
ist, IX. I 10.
FERRO, island, Canaries, IV. 800; longi
tude measured from it, XXIII. 394.
FERROCYANIDES OF IRON, xx. 24.
FERROL, town, Spain, ix. in.
FERROLITO, castle, Nicastro, Italy, xvn.
480.
FERRO-MANGANESE, metal, xin. 350.
FERROTITANITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
FERRU, Monte, Sardinia, xxi. 307.
FERRY, Law relating to, ix. in.
— , Nicholas (Bebe), dwarf, VII. 567.
FERRYBANK, town, Kilkenny, Ireland,
xxiv. 401.
FERSEN, Axel, Count, Swedish general,
IX. 112.
FERTE MACE, La, town, France,
XVIII. 2.
FERTILIZATION, of animal ovum, xx.
417; xxi. 721; of plants, iv. 147; xx.
425; of soil, i. 342; XL 234; xv. 505.
FERTO, lake, Hungary, Xii. 362.
FESCA, Frederic Ernest, German musical
composer, IX. 112.
FESCH, Joseph, French cardinal, IX.
1 12.
FESS, in heraldry, xi. 694.
FESSLER, Ignaz Aurelius, Hungarian
ecclesiastic and writer, IX. 113.
FESTAL EPISTLES, giving dates of
movable feasts, vni. 483.
FESTIN DE PIERRE, Moliere's play, xvi.
628.
FESTING, Colonel, his spectroscopic ob
servations, xxii. 380.
FESTINIOG, town, Wales, xvi. 39.
FESTIVALS, IX. 113; ancient Greek,
xvii. 124; Jewish, xvin. 511; xxiii.
6; Mexican, xvi. 212; pilgrimages in
connexion with, xix. 90.
FESTUS, Porcius, Roman procurator,
Xiil. 427.
FESTUS, Sextus Pompoms, Latin gram
marian, ix. 1 1 8.
FETBOL, mineral, xvi. 425.
FETICHISM, ix. 118; xv. 20; xx. 367.
FETIS, Frangois Joseph, Belgian writer
and musical composer, IX. 119.
FETLAR, island, Shetland, Scotland,
xvn. 846.
FETOHOUGO, island, Marquesas, Pacific,
xv. 564.
FEU, in Scots law, ix. 119.
FEUCHTERSLEBEN, Edouard, Freiherr
von, Austrian medical writer, ix. 119.
FEUDALISM, FEUDAL SYSTEM, ix. 119;
XI. ii ; xvin. 303; Celtic, v. 799;
Chinese, vi. 259; Frankish, IX. 529;
German, x. 479, 48 1 ; under the Nor
mans in England, vni. 296; in Scot
land, xxi. 483, 486; its influence on
constitution of armies, II. 563 ; its
economic effects, xix. 351; in relation
to knighthood and chivalry, xiv. 112.
FEUERBACH, Ludwig Andreas, German
philosopher, ix. 123.
, Paul Johann Anselm von, German
jurist, IX. 124.
FEUILLANTS CLUB, France (1791), ix.
602.
FEUILLETON, of French newspaper, ix.
125.
FEVER, ix. 125; xvm. 394; diet in,
vn. 206; malarious, xv. 316; relapsing,
xxiii. 680; scarlet, XXI. 376; typhoid,
xxiii. 678 ; typhus, xxiii. 676 ;
yellow, xxiv. 734.
- THERMOMETER, xxiii. 292.
FEYDEAU, Ernest- Aime, French writer,
ix. 126, 679.
FEYJOO, Benito, Spanish writer, xxii.
360.
FEZ, town, Morocco, ix. 126; xvi. 831;
mosque at, xvi. 865.
FEZARA, lake, Algeria, I. 563.
FEZZAN, country, Africa, ix. 128; xvn.
695; xxiii. 574.
FIACRE, coach, origin of name, ix. 130.
, St, French hermit, ix. 130.
FIALIN, Jean Gilbert Victor, Due de
Persigny, French general, xvm. 661.
FIAMINGO, II (Francois Duquesnoy),
Flemish sculptor, xxi. 563.
FIAMMETTA, Boccaccio's, ill. 843.
FIANARANTSOA, town, Madagascar, xv.
175-
FIAR, river, France, xx. 528.
FIARS PRICES, in Scots laAv, ix. 130.
FIBER, genus of rodent mammals, xv.
418, 419; xvn. 108.
FIBONACCI, Leonardo, of Pisa, mathe
matician, xix. 125.
FIBRES, Textile, ix. 131; alpaca, I. 597;
llama, xiv. 738; mohair, xvi. 544;
silk, xxii. 56; wool, xxiv. 653; coir,
vi. 103; cotton, vi. 483; flax, ix.
296; hemp, xi. 647; Manila hemp,
xv. 488; jute, xin. 800; phormium,
xvm. 812; rhea, xx. 506; from
Algeria, I. 565; used in paper-making,
xvm. 225.
FIBRIN, albuminoid substance, IX. 133;
xx. 483.
FIBROFERRITE, mineral, XVI. 401.
FIBROIN, core of silk fibre, xxn. 61.
FIBROLITE, mineral, xm. 541; xvi.
408.
FIBROMA, disease, xvin. 368.
FIBROUS TISSUE, in man, I. 849;
xn. 6.
FIBULA, bone of leg, I. 829; in birds, in.
723-
FiCHTE, Johann Gottlieb, German meta
physician, IX. 134; his five ages, I.
279; his criticism of Kant's categories,
v. 224; metaphysics of, xvi. 87; his
influence on German rationalism, xx.
290; his relations with Schelling, xxi.
39°-
FICHTELBERG, mountain, Germany,
vin. 533; xxi. 357.
FICHTELGEBIRGE, mountain range,
Bavaria, ix. 138.
FlCHTELlTE, mineral, XVI. 429.
FICINO, Marsilio, Italian philosopher, IX.
138.
FICTION, in English literature, vni. 421,
428, 429, 430. See also Romance, xx.
632.
FICTIONS, in law, ix. 140; xiv. 365.
FlCUS, genus of plants, ix. 153.
FIDANZA, John of (St BonaventuraX
scholastic philosopher, IV. 30; XX I.
427.
FIDDLE, musical instrument, xxiv.
242.
FIDDLERS' MUSCLES, i. 840.
FlDElCOMMlSSUM, in Roman law,
xxiii. 595.
FIDELITY GUARANTEE, in insurance,
xm. 161.
FIDEN^E (Castello Giubileo), ancient
town, Italy, IX. 141; wooden amphi
theatre at, i. 775.
FlDlCULA, ancient musical instrument,
xxiv. 242.
FIELD, John, English musical composer
and pianist, IX. 141.
— , Nathan, English dramatist, ix.
141; vii. 433.
ARTILLERY, n. 66 1, 663.
FIELDFARE, bird, ix. 142.
FIELD GUNS, xi. 306, 313.
FIELD HOSPITALS, i. 667.
FIELDING, Copley, English painter, ix.
142.
— , Henry, English novelist, IX. 142;
as satirist, xxi. 320; his place in
English literature, vill. 430.
FIELD-MARSHAL, military title, xv.
574-
FIELD OF THE CLOTH OF GOLD, France,
n. 480; xxiv. 635.
FIELD OF WOODCOCKS, Russia, Battle
of the (1380), xxi. 91.
FlERABRAS, romance, xx. 651.
XXV. — 21
162
F I E — F I R
FIERI FACIAS, in English law, ix. 147;
xxiv. 696.
FIESCHI, Counts of, Italy, xiv. 350.
, Giovanni Luigi cle', Genoese con
spirator, IX. 147.
, Joseph Marie, French conspirator,
ix. 147.
, Sinibaldo de (Pope Innocent IV.),
Xin. 84.
FlESCO, or Fieschi, Giovanni Luigi de',
Genoese conspirator, ix. 147.
, Schiller's play, XXI. 396.
FIESOLE, town, Italy, ix. 148.
, Fra Giovanni Angelico da (Fra
Angelico), Italian painter, IX. 148,
772; xxi. 434, 435.
, Mino di Giovanni da, Italian
sculptor, xvi. 477; xxi. 568.
FIEVEE, Joseph, French journalist, xvn.
426; xviii. 540.
FIFE, county, Scotland, ix. 150; area
and population, xxi. 528; coalfields,
vi. 54; representation, xxm. 727.
, musical instrument, ix. 351.
FIFTH MONARCHY MEN, Puritan sect,
ix. 153.
FIG, tree and fruit, ix. 153; iv. 121;
xn. 271.
FIGARO, dramatic character, ix. 155.
— , Paris newspaper, ix. 155; xvii.427.
, comedy by Beaumarchais, III. 468.
, opera by Mozart, xvn. u.
, Jose de Larra, Spanish satirist,
xxn. 361.
FIGBURY RING, Wilts, England, xxiv.
594-
FlGEAC, town, France, IX. 155.
FlGlG, town, Sahara, Africa, xxi. 149.
FlGUERAS, town, Spain, IX. 155.
FIGURE, Rigid, Kinematics of a, xv. 691.
— OF THE EARTH, vn. 597.
FIGURES, Lully's logical system of, xv.
64.
, Mathematical, xv. 268.
FIGURE STONE, mineral, xvi. 425.
FIHR, tribe, Arabia, II. 256.
FIHRIST, work on Arabic literature,
xvn. 160; xv. 482, 484.
FIJI ISLANDS, South Pacific, ix. 155;
xv. 835.
FILANGIERI, Carlo, Italian general, ix.
158.
— , Gaetano, Italian publicist, IX. 159;
xix. 362.
FlLARETE, Antonio, Florentine sculptor,
XXI. 568.
FlLARlA, genus of nematode worms,
XVII. 325; xxiv. 206.
FILATURE, reeling of silk, xxn. 61.
FILBERT, tree and nut, xi. 548; plan
tations of, I. 384.
FILE, steel tool, ix. 160; xi. 438.
FlLE-FlSH, IX. l6l.
FlLELFO, Francesco, Italian scholar, ix.
161.
FILFLA, islet, Mediterranean Sea, xv.
339-
FILI, Irish bards, v. 303.
FILIBUSTER, buccaneer, ix. 162 ; iv.
408.
FILICAIA, Vincenzo da, Italian poet, ix.
162; xin. 511.
FILICES, or Ferns, ix. 101.
FILICIN^E, class of plants, xxiv. 129.
FILICUDI, Lipari Islands, Mediterranean
Sea, Xiv. 683.
FILIGREE, jewel work of threads and
beads, ix. 163.
FILING OF DOCUMENTS, in law, xx.
342-
FILINTO ELYSIO (F. M. do Nascimento),
Portuguese writer, xix. 557.
FILIPPINO LlPPl, Italian painter, xiv.
685; ix. 773; xv. 606; xxi. 435.
FILIPPO OTTONIERI, Leopardi's imagi
nary biography, xiv. 464.
FILIPPOPEL (Philippopolis), town, Rou-
melia, Turkey, xvm. 753.
FILLAN, St, Scottish saint, ix. 164.
FILLE DU REGIMENT, by Donizetti, vn.
363-
FILLES A LA CASSETTE, French emi
grant girls at New Orleans, XVII.
4°3-
FILLET, in architecture, n. 464.
FILLMORE, Millard, president of United
States, ix. 165; xxin. 770.
FILLOWITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
FILMER, Sir Robert, English political
writer, ix. 166.
FILMS, Liquid, in capillary action, v.
58, 59, 65.
•, Sensitive, in photography, xviii.
836.
FlLOCOPO, tale by Boccaccio, ill. 843;
xm. 504.
FlLOSTRATO, poem by Boccaccio, ill.
844-
FILTER, apparatus for purifying liquids,
ix. 1 66.
FILTER-BEDS, in water-works, xxiv.
408.
FIN, of fish, xii. 637; xxn. 119.
FINALE DELL' EMILIA, town, Italy, ix.
171.
FINANCE, ix. 171; Law's system 01, xiv.
369-
FINCH, bird, ix. 191.
— , Daniel, earlof Nottingham, English
secretary of state, xvil. 600.
, Heneage, earl of Nottingham, lord
chancellor of England, xvn. 600.
-, Margaret, long-liver, xvn. 596.
FlNCK, Heinrich, German composer, ix.
193-
— , Hermann, German musical writer,
IX. 193.
FIND, Celtic hero, IX. 215.
FINDEN, William, English engraver, IX.
193-
FINDHORN, river, Scotland, vni. 129;
XVII. 1 66.
FINE, in law, ix. 193.
ARTS, The, IX. 194; theory of, I.
212; application of, in numismatics,
XVIL 629, 633 ; position of poetry
among, xix. 260,262; how affected by
tlie Renaissance, xx. 385,390; Japanese,
xm. 588; Winckelmann's studies in,
xxiv. 5.97; academies of, I. 77, 78.
FlNFOOT, bird, XX. 223.
FlNGAL, Celtic hero, IX. 215.
FINGAL'S CAVE, Staffa, Scotland, v.
265.
FINGER RINGS, xx. 560.
FINGERS, Anatomy of the, I. 828;
joints of, I. 839; use of, to express
numbers, xvn. 625; redundancy of,
xvi. 762; whitlow on, xxiv. 555.
— AND TOES, in turnips, I. 367.
FINGOLAND, South Africa, xin. 817.
FINI, Tommaso (Masolino), Italian
painter, xv. 610; xxi. 435.
FINIAL, in architecture, II. 464.
FINIGUERRA, Maso, Italian engraver,
ix. 215.
FINISTERE, department, France, IX.
215.
FINLAND, province, Russia, ix. 216;
xxi. 69; acquisition of, by Russia
(1809), XXI. 100; XXII. 752; climate
of, xxil. 738; newspapers, xvn. 430;
periodical literature, xviii. 543.
— , Gulf of, Russia, in. 294.
FINLAV, George, English historian of
Greece, ix. 220.
FINNANS, smoked haddocks, i. 44.
FINNER, cetacean mammal, xv. 395.
FINNISH LANGUAGE, xxiv. i; diction
aries of, vii. 1 88.
FINNS, race of people, ix. 219; xxi. 79;
religion of, xx. 363.
FlNSBURV, borough, London, Xiv. 821.
FINTRY HILLS, Scotland, xxn. 553.
FiOGO, town, Japan, xi. 851.
FIORAVENTI, Aristotle, Italian architect,
XXL 91.
FlORENTINO, Giovanni, media-val
Italian writer, xni. 505.
FIORENZUOLA, town, Italy, ix. 221.
FlORILLO, Johann Dominions, German
painter and historian of art, IX. 221.
FlORITE, mineral, xvi. 390.
FlOTE, language, Congo, Africa, vi.
267.
FIR, coniferous tree, IX. 222; culture of,
II. 316, 319; Riga, strength of its wood,
xxn. 603; Scotch, xix. 103; of United
States, xxin. 808; of California, iv.
704.
FIRANDO, island, Japan, xin. 569.
FlRBOLGS, Irish legendary people, V.
299; xni. 243; xv. 650.
FlRDOUSi, or Firdausi, Persian poet,
ix. 225; xvm. 656; patronage of, by
Mahmud, xv. 287; his place as epic
poet, Xix. 267.
FIRE, element, IX. 227; acquaintance of
early man with, vni. 617; in mytho
logy, xvn. 158; xix. 807; sacred, of
Zoroastrians, xxiv. 193; traditions
F I R — F L A
163
concerning, XI. 679; Kant's Thoughts
on, XIII. 847.
FIRE, FIRES, Destructive (with list of
fires), IX. 233; in coal mines, vi. 74;
construction of houses for protection
against, IV. 453; extinction of, IX. 235;
in Chicago (1871), v. 611; in London,
XIV. 826, 848.
FIREBALL, Meteoric, xvi. 108; xxm.
33°-
FIRE-BALLOONS, i. 206.
FIRE-BRICKS, ix. 238.
FIRE BRIGADES, ix. 237.
FIRE-CLAY, ix. 238.
FIRE-DAMP, in mines, xvi. 194, 459.
FIRE-ENGINES, ix. 235.
FIRE-ESCAPES, ix. 236.
FIRE-FLY, XVIIL 814.
FIRE INSURANCE, XIIL 161.
FIRE MARBLE, mineral, xvi. 397.
FIRENZE (Florence, </.i>.), town, Italy,
ix. 330.
FIRENZUOLA, Agnolo, Italian poet, ix.
240.
FIREPLACE, xxu. 579; in relation to
smoke abatement, XXII. 181; ventila
tion by, XXIV. 1 59.
FIREPROOF CLOTH, n. 675.
FIREPROOF SAFES, xxi. 144.
FIRE-RAISING, crime, n. 635.
FIRE-STEALING, in mythology, xvn.
158; xix. 807.
FIRETAIL, bird, XX. 317.
FIRE TRICKS, in magic, xv. 208.
FIREWORKS, xx. 134.
FIRLE BEACON, Sussex, England, XXII.
723-
FIRMIANUS, Lucius Cajlius, early
Christian writer, xiv. 195.
FlRMlCUS, Maternus Julius, Latin writer,
ix. 241; xv. 489.
FIRMNESS, in phrenology, XVIIL
845.
FIRMUM PICENUM (Fernio), ancient
town, Italy, IX. 98.
FlROZPUR, district, India, IX. 241; xx.
109; town, IX. 241.
FIROZ SHAH, Monument of, at Gaur,
Bengal, x. 115.
FIROZ-SHAHR, India, Battle of (1845),
xx. 112.
FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF ENGLAND AND
HER PEOPLE, Hugh Miller's work,
xvi. 319.
FIRSTLINGS, Sacrificial offerings of,
XVIIL 343.
FIRTH, or Estuary, xxi. 579; formation
of, x. 257.
FiRUZ-KoH, ancient town, Afghanistan,
x. 570.
FlSA, or Visions, in Irish literature, v.
310; in Welsh, v. 326.
FISCHART, Johannes, German satirist,
ix. 242; x. 528.
FlSCHERlTE, mineral, XVI. 405.
FISCHER VON ERLACH, Viennese archi
tect, XXIV. 220.
FISH, FISHES, xii. 630; xix. 126; hypo
thetical primitive form, XXIV. 181;
blind, of Mammoth Cave, U.S.A., xv.
450 ; works on development of, VIII.
168; electric, VII. 694; Vill. 8; xii.
649, 694; xx. 299; xxu. 68; fossil,
Agassiz's researches on, I. 275; marine,
distribution of, VII. 280, 282; mimicry
in, XVI. 343; olfactory organs of, XXII.
1 66; poisonous, xv. 782; reproduction
of, xx. 409; skeleton of, xxii. 106;
spawning of, IX. 244; taxidermy of,
XXlll. 90; organs of touch in, xxm.
478 ; transport of, IX. 243 ; of Amer
ica, I. 684 ; of Himalayas, XL 834 ;
of India, xii. 743 ; in Lankester's
classification, xxiv. 812.
FiSH-CROW, bird, xin. 533.
FISH-CULTURE, XIX. 126; XXI. 226.
FISHER, or Fisher Marten, xv. 577;
skins of, IX. 838.
, James, Scottish divine, xxm. 728.
, John, bishop of Rochester, IX. 242;
vill. 414; beheaded, Vill. 335.
, Mary, English Quakeress, xx. 148,
FISHERIES, Sea, IX. 243; mackerel, xv.
160; mussel, XVII. no; oyster, XVIIL
107; pearl oyster, XVIIL 446; pilchard,
Cornwall, vi. 426; seal, xxi. 581;
sponge, xxu. 428; sword-fish, xxn.
804; whale, XXIV. 526; whitebait,
xxiv. 550; of Canada, iv. 774; xx.
1 66; of England, vill. 233; of Holland,
xii. 67 ; of Kinsale, Ireland, VI. 403 ;
of Labrador, xiv. 176; of Maine,
U.S.A., xv. 300; of Newfoundland,
xvn. 384; of Queensland, xx. 174; of
Russia, xxi. 85 ; of the Volga, xxiv.
280.
FISHERMEN, Laws relating to, xxi.
607.
FISHERY BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS,
xix. 129.
FISHERY LAWS, ix. 268; as affecting
rivers, xx. 565 ; Avith reference to
salmon, xxi. 225.
FISHES, xii. 630. See under Fish, above.
FISH-EYE PROBLEM, in optics, xiv. 599.
FlSHGUARD, town, Wales, xvill. 482.
FISH-HAWK, bird, XVIIL 56.
FISHING BOATS, ix. 246.
FISHING-FROG, fish, ix. 269; xii. 690.
FISHING HOOKS AND TACKLE, for
angling, n. 32, 33, 38.
FISHING NETS, xvn. 358.
FISH MOTH, destructive insect, in Natal,
xvii. 241.
FISH OIL, xvii. 744, 747.
FISH-PLATES, Railway, xx. 242.
FISK UNIVERSITY, Nashville, Tennessee,
U.S.A., xvii. 236.
FISSIPEDIA, suborder of carnivorous
mammals, xv. 433.
FISSURELLA, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
645.
FISTULA, in surgery, ix. 270.
FlSTULARUD/E, group of fishes, xxi.
548.
FITCH, skin of polecat, ix. 838.
, John, American steamboat in
ventor, IX. 270.
, Ralph, English traveller, ix. 270.
FITCHBURG, toAvn, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., ix. 270.
FITCHET, or Polecat, xix. 332.
FlTHCHEAL, Irish game, v. 597.
FITNESS, Stoic doctrine of, xxu. 568.
FITS, Epileptic, vm. 479.
FlTTON, Irish chancellor, XIIL 268.
FITZ ALWIN, Henry, first mayor of
London, XIV. 844.
FITZGERALD, Lord Edward, leader of
United Irishmen, IX. 270.
, Maurice, first earl of Desmond,
xin. 260.
-, Lord Thomas, Irish leader, IX. 271.
FlTZGERALDS, of Desmond, noble Irish
family, vi. 404.
FITZHERBERT, Sir Anthony, English
judge, IX. 271 ; his Book of Husbandry,
I. 295.
-, Maria, her marriage with George
IV., x. 427.
FITZINGER, L., on reptiles, xx. 436.
FlTZMAURlCE, Henry Petty, third mar
quis of Lansdowne, Xix. 148.
— , William Petty, first marquis of
Lansdowne, English statesman, xiv.
289.
FITZ OSBERT, William, Sedition of, in
London, vm. 305.
FITZ RALPH, Richard, bishop of Armagh,
Ireland, xv. 543; xxiv. 709.
FITZROY, river, Queensland, XX. 171.
, suburb of Melbourne, Victoria,
xv. 836.
— , Henry, natural son of Henry VIII.
of England, xxii. 694.
-, Robert, English admiral, hydro-
grapher, and meteorologist, IX. 271.
FlTZSTEPHEN, William, English his
torian, IX. 273 ; his description of
London (1184), XIV. 844.
FITZWILLIAM MUSEUM, Cambridge,
England, IV. 729.
FIUME, town, Hungary, ix. 273 ; in.
12 1 ; xn. 363.
FIUMICINO, town, Italy, XVIIL 61.
FIVE MILE ACT (1665), England, vm.
348; xix. 690.
FIVE NATIONS, American-Indian con
federacy, xvii. 454.
FIVES, game, ix. 273.
— , town, France, ix. 273.
Fix, Theodore, French political econo
mist, ix. 273.
FIXED OILS, xvn. 739.
FIXED STARS, n. Si 6.
FIXTURES, in law, ix. 274; in land
tenure, xiv. 274.
FJORDS, of Scandinavia, xvn. 576;
xxii. 737; formation of, x. 257.
FLACCUS, Gains Valerius, Roman poet,
164
F L A — F L O
ix. 274; liis place in Roman literature,
xx. 726.
FLACIUS, Matthias, German theologian,
IX. 275; on church history, v. 765; on
Lutheran theology, xv. 85.
FLACOURT, Etienne de, French governor
of Madagascar, ix. 275.
FLAG, or Iris, genus of plants, IX. 279.
— , FLAGS, Military and naval, ix.
276; knight's, xiv. 117; of United
States, XXin. 742; signals by means
of, xxn. 49.
FLAGELLANTS, self-chastising frater
nities, ix. 280.
FLAGELLATA, class of Protozoa, xix.
856.
FLAGEOLET, musical instrument, ix.
351-
FLAGSTAFF MINE, Utah, U.S.A., xxm.
815.
FLAHAUT DE LA BILLARDERIE, Av.guste
C. J., Cornte de, French general and
diplomatist, IX. 281; xvi. 829.
FLAKSTADO, island, Norway, xiv. 769.
FLAMBARD, Ranulph or Ralph, bishop
of Durham, ix. 281; vm. 303; xvn. 548;
minister of William Rufus, xxiv. 577.
FLAMBERG, German sword, xxn. 803.
FLAMBOYANT, in architecture, n. 431,
464.
FLAME, ix. 282.
— , Singing, I. 115.
FLAMEL, Nicolas, French alchemist, ix.
285.
FLAME MANOMETER, i. 115, 117.
FLAMEN, Roman priest, ix. 285; xix.
455-
— DlALIS, priest of Jupiter, xill. 780;
xxm. 18.
FLAMINGO, bird, ix. 286.
FLAMINIAN WAY, Roman road, Italy,
xx. 555.
FLAMININUS, Titus Quinctius, Roman
general and statesman, ix. 287; xx.
752.
FLAMINIUS, Cains, Roman consul
(223 B.C.), IX. 288; XX. 749.
— , Caius, Roman consul (187 B.C.),
ix. 289.
FLAMSTEED, John, English astronomer,
ix. 289; ii. 756; xvn. 257.
FLANDERS, countship, Netherlands, IX.
290; provinces, Belgium, in. 515.
FLANDRIN, Jean Hippolyte, French
painter, IX. 291.
FLANNEL, woollen stuff, ix. 292.
FLASQUE, in heraldry, XL 697.
FLATBUSH, town, Long Island, New
York, U.S.A., IX. 292; xiv. 866.
FLAT-FISH, ix. 292.
FLAT HEAD, fish, xn. 686.
FLATLANDS, town, Long Island, New
York, U.S.A., xiv. 866.
FLAVEL, John, English theologian, ix.
292.
FLAVIAN I.-IL, patriarchs of Antioch,
ix. 293.
FLAVIAN, patriarch of Constantinople,
ix. 293.
PALACE, at Rome, xx. 823.
FLAVIGNY, Valerien, French Hebraist,
ix. 293.
FLAVIN, dyestuff, ix. 293; xx. 175.
FLAVIONAVIA (Aviles), ancient town,
Spain, ill. 157.
FLAVIUS, the Armenian (Leo V.),
emperor of the East, xiv. 453.
, the Isaurian (Leo III.), emperor
of the East, xiv. 452.
, Magnus (Leo L), emperor of the
East, xiv. 452.
, Porphyrogenitus (Constantine
VII.), emperor of the East, VI. 301.
-, Sapiens (Leo VI.), emperor of the
East, xiv. 453.
- VOPISCUS, Augustan historian, ill.
74-
FLAX, plant and fibre, ix. 293, 133;
culture of, I. 380; manufacture of, xiv.
663 ; of New Zealand (Phormium),
XVIII. 8l2.
FLAXMAN, John, English sculptor, ix.
298; xxi. 560.
FLAX SPINNING, Girard's machines for,
x. 620.
FLEA, insect, ix. 300; xin. 150;
Leeuwenhoek's study of, xiv. 411.
FLECHIER, Esprit, bishop of Nimes, poet
and preacher, ix. 301.
FLECKNOE, Richard, English poet and
dramatist, IX. 302.
FLEECE, of wool, i. 399; xxiv. 656.
FLEET, river and ditch, London, xiv.
818, 850; xvi. 279.
— , British, Officers of the, XVII. 291.
STREET, London, xiv.
FLEETWOOD, town, England, ix. 302.
, Charles, lord deputy of Ireland,
IX. 302.
-, William, bishop of Ely, IX. 303.
FLEITMANN, his method of working
nickel, xvi I. 488.
FLEMING, John, on animal classification,
xvm. 15, 18.
, Paul, Ge.rman poet, ix. 303; x.
530.
FLEMISH LANGUAGE, xn. 85; diction
aries of, vn. 187.
FLEMMING, Richard, bishop of Lincoln,
ix. 303.
FLENSBURG, town, Prussia, ix. 304;
xxi. 415.
FLERS, town, France, xvm. 2.
FLETCHER, Andrew, of Saltoun, Scottish
politician, IX. 304; xxi. 519.
— , Giles (1548-1610), English poet,
ix. 304.
— , Giles (1584-1623), English writer,
IX. 304.
— , Isaac, his observatory, Tarnbank,
England, XVII. 711.
— , John, English dramatist, ill. 469;
FLEURANGES, Robert de la Marck,
Seigneur de, French marshal and his
torian, ix. 305.
FLEUR-DE-LIS, heraldic device, ix. 306.
FLEURV, France, Library of monastery
at, xiv. 513.
, Andre Hercule de, French car
dinal and statesman, IX. 306, 585.
-, Claude, French ecclesiastical his
torian, ix. 306.
FLEXURE, of a beam or rod, vn. 808.
FLEYDER, on flying, i. 186.
FLIEDNER, Theodore, German philan
thropist, IX. 307; his institution of
Sisters of Charity, xm. 825.
FLIEGENDE HOLLANDER, Der, Wagner's
opera, xxiv. 314.
FLIES, class of insects, vn. 255; xn.
317; mimicry in, xvi. 343.
— , Artificial, for angling, n. 44.
•, House, xill. 150.
FLIGHT, Laws of, ix. 308.
FLINCK, Govert, Dutch painter, ix.
3^4-
FLINDERS, Matthew, English navigator,
ix. 324 ; his explorations in Austral
asia, in. 104; x. 190.
FLINT, mineral, ix. 325; x. 239; xvi.
389-
— , county, Wales, IX. 326; population
and representation, xxm. 727; coal
field, VI. 52; town, ix. 327.
, Timothy, American divine and
writer, IX. 327.
— GLASS, Manufacture of, x. 663.
WEAPONS, n. 337, 553.
FLOCCULI, of spider's silk, n. 296.
FLODDEN, England, Battle of (1513),
xm. 557; xxi. 497.
FLODOARD, French chronicler, IX. 328.
FLOOD, The, of Scripture, vn. 55.
— , Henry, Irish orator and politician,
ix. 328.
ROCK, New York Harbour, Blasting
vn. 432; xvm. 347.
, Phineas, English poet, IX. 305.
of, xxm. 622.
FLOODS, in rivers, XII. 502; XX. 571.
FLOOR CLOTH, ix. 329 ; xiv. 676.
FLOORING, in building, iv. 452, 455,
482, 493; tiles for, XXIII. 389.
FLOR, Roger di, military adventurer,
IX. 330.
FLORA, in Roman mythology, IX. 330.
, of different countries, Grouping
and distribution of, VII. 286.
FLORAL GAMES, Academy of, Toulouse,
i. 69.
FLORALIA, Roman festival, ix. 330.
FLORENCE, town, Italy, ix. 330; xx.
275; as a republic, xm. 479; council
of (1439), XIX- 5°3; in time °f Dante,
vi. 810; Medici family, xv. 783; its
rivalry with Pisa, xix. 120; in time of
Savonarola, xxi. 334; its wars with
Siena, xxn. 39, 41; academy of, I.
74 ; Accademia del Cimento, I. 70;
banking in, in. 316; baptistery, XIX.
122; bridge, IV. 332; cathedral, 1 1.
F L 0 — F 0 N
165
436; campanile of cathedral, n. 456;
coins, XVII. 656; cupola of church of S.
Maria del Fiore, iv. 399; dialect of,
xill. 497 ; libraries, xiv. 530, 548;
majolica ware, XIX. 628; nobility of,
xvn. 528; observatory at, xvn. 714;
its school of painting, xxi. 434, 442;
picture galleries, XXI. 446; porcelain,
xix. 636; sculptures, xx. 589; xxi.
567; terra-cotta art, XXIII. 194; uni
versity, XXIII. 837.
FLORENCE, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
xvn. 558.
of Worcester, English chronicler,
IX. 337-
FLORENTIA (Florence), ancient town,
Italy, ix. 333.
FLORENTINE DIAMOND, vn. 166.
FLORES, island, Indian Archipelago, ix.
337-
, island, Azores, Atlantic, III. 172.
, town, Guatemala, XL 239.
FLOREZ, Enrique, Spanish historian, ix.
337-
FLORIAN, patron saint of Poland, ix.
337-
, Jean. Pierre Claris de, French poet
and romancist, ix. 337; XVIII. 348.
FLORIDA, State, U.S.A., ix. 338; popu
lation, xxill. 802; orange culture in,
xvii. 8 1 1.
FLORIDA-BLANCA, Count of, Spanish
statesman, ix. 341; xxn. 340.
FLORIDE^, order of plants, xxiv. 127.
FLORIDO, Venetian algebraist, I. 513.
FLORINUS, Polycarp's letter to, xix.
414.
FLORIO, Giovanni, English lexicographer
and translator, ix. 341; teacher and
friend of Shakespeare, xxi. 756.
FLORIS I.-V., counts of Holland, XII.
71.
— , Frans, Flemish sculptor and
painter, ix. 342.
FLORUS, Roman historian, ix. 342.
— , Gessius, Roman procurator in
Juda;a, xill. 427.
FLOSCULARIA, genus of Rotifera, xxi. 4.
FLOTATION, Position of animals in, ix.
309-
FLOTSAM, in English law, ix. 342; v.
787-
FLOTTA, island, Orkney, Scotland, xvn.
846.
FLOUNDER, fish, ix. 342.
FLOUR, Manufacture of, IX. 343; in.
251; XV. 310; adulteration of, I. 171.
FLOURENS, Gustave, French communist
and writer, IX. 347.
— , Marie Jean Pierre, French physio
logist, ix. 347.
FLOWER, of plants, defined and de
scribed, iv. 126; xii. 215; xx. 424.
FLOWER-DE-LUCE, genus of plants, ix.
279.
FLOWER GARDEN, xn. 247.
FLOWERING, of plants, iv. 121.
FLOWERS, Artificial, ix. 348.
OF THE FOREST, Scottish ballad,
vi. 98.
FLOYD-CARROLL-GRAYSON PLATEAU,
Virginia, U.S.A., xxiv. 256.
FLOYER, Sir John, English physician
and writer, IX. 349.
FLUDD, Robert, English physician and
mystic, IX. 349.
FLUELLITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
FLUGEL, Gustav Lebrecht, German
Orientalist, ix. 349.
, Johann Gottfried, German lexico
grapher, ix. 349.
FLUID, FLUIDS, xn. 435; definition and
physical properties of, VI. 310; XIX.
240; friction of, xix. 247; motion of
surface of, XV. 753; theory of motion
of, in. 43; resistance of, xxj. 810;
surface-tension of, v. 56.
FLUKE, parasitic worm, xxin. 535;
xxiv. 205.
FLUOCERITE, mineral, xvi. 383.
FLUORESCENCE, source of light, xiv.
579, 602; IX. 350; in crystals, xvi.
376.
FLUORESCIN, chemical compound, xv in.
855.
FLUORINE, chemical element, IX. 349;
v. 490.
FLUOR SPAR, or Fluorite, mineral, ix.
349; x. 228; xvi. 383; as a flux, xvi.
62.
FLUSHING, town, Holland, ix. 350;
population, xxiv. 772.
, town, Long Island, New York,
LT.S.A., ix. 350; xiv. 866.
FLUTE, musical instrument, IX. 350;
xxin. 519.
FLUTE-MOUTH, fish, xxn. 548.
FLUXES, in smelting ores, xvi. 62; in
iron smelting, xill. 295.
FLUXIONS, in mathematics, xin. 8, 10;
Newton's invention of, xvn. 446;
Maclaurin's discussion of, xv. 161.
FLY, insect, vii. 255; xii. 3175x111. 150;
proboscis of, xxin. 478.
— , river, New Guinea, xvn. 386.
FLYCATCHER, bird, ix. 351.
FLY-FISHING, 11. 36; hooks for, n. 33,
38.
FLYING, ix. 310; attempts at, i. 186.
- DOVE, of Archytas, I. 185.
- DUTCHMAN, legend, xin. 674.
— DUTCHMAN, Wagner's opera, xxiv.
314-
FLYING-FISH, ix. 352; xn. 693.
FLYING-FOX, bat, ix. 352, 310.
FLYING GURNARD, fish, xn. 690.
FLYING LEMUR, insectivorous mammal,
xv. 401.
FLYING MACHINES, ix. 308, 317; i.
1 86, 202.
FLY-WHEEL, xv. 769; of steam-engine,
xxn. 509, 511.
FOCA, island, Peru, xvin. 671.
FOCAL LINES, in optics, xvn. 799.
FCEDERA, Rymer's historical collection,
xxi. 119.
FCENICULUM, genus of plants, ix. 76.
FCETUS, Circulation of the blood in,
xxiv. 108; syphilis in, xxn. 687.
IN FCETU, monstrosity, XVI. 766.
FOG, London, xiv. 827; causes of, xxn.
1 80.
FOGARAS, town, Hungary, ix. 353.
FOG-BOW, or Fog-Eater, halo, XI. 399.
FOGELBERG, Benedict Erland, Swedish
sculptor, IX. 353.
FOGGIA, town, Italy, IX. 353; province
(Capitanata), v. 73.
FOGO, one of Cape Verd Islands, v. 52.
FOG SIGNALS, xxn. 49.
FOHN, local wind, Switzerland, xxn.
777-
FOHR, island, Schleswig-Holstein, xxi.
414.
FOIL, thin sheet-copper, IX. 353.
— , Fencing, IX. 69.
Foix, town, France, ix. 353.
— , Counts of, IX. 354; II. 1 8.
— , Paul de, French prelate and dip
lomatist, IX. 354.
FOKSHAN, town, Roumania, IX. 354.
FOLARD, Jean Charles de, French
writer on tactics, IX. 355.
FOLC-LAND, or Folk-Land (q.v.\ in
English law, ix. 357.
FOLDVAR, town, Hungary, IX. 355.
FOLENGO, Teofilo, Italian poet, IX. 355.
FOLEY, John Henry, British sculptor,
ix. 355-
FOLIGNO, town, Italy, ix. 356.
FOLK-BOOKS, xvin. 204.
FOLKES, Martin, English antiquary, IX.
356.
FOLKESTONE, town, England, ix. 356;
xiv. 39.
FOLK-LAND, in English law, ix. 357,
305; VIIL 275; Saxon, xvin. 302.
FOLK- LORE, ix. 357 ; in relation to
mythology, xvii. 144 ; magical sur
vivals in, xv. 204 ; totemism in,
XXIII. 467; Indian, XVIII. 660.
FOLK-SONGS, III. 283.
FOLLEN, August Ludwig, German poet,
ix. 359.
— , Charles, German poet and theo
logian, IX. 359.
FOLLETT, Sir William Webb, English
lawyer, ix. 359.
FOLLICLE, form of fruit, iv. 151.
FOLLOWER, in applied mechanics, xv.
755-
FOLQUET, of Marseilles, Provengal poet,
xix. 874.
FOMORIANS, of Irish legend, v. 300;
xill. 243.
FONBLANQUE, Albany William, English
political writer, IX. 360.
FONDANTS, French comfit, vi. 257.
FOND DU LAC, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
IX. 361; population, xxiv. 617.
FONDI, town, Italy, ix. 361.
166
F 0 N — F 0 R
FONS CASTALIUS (Castalia), fountain,
Parnassus, Greece, v. 186; vn. 52.
FONS EBRALDI (Fontevrault), ancient
town, France, IX. 365.
FONSECA, Bay of, Honduras, XII. 130.
FONT, Baptismal, ix. 361 ; in archi
tecture, II. 464.
FONTAINE, Jean de la (La Fontaine,
q.v.), French poet, xiv. 203.
, Pierre Francois Leonard, French
architect, IX. 362.
FONTAINEBLEAU, town, France, ix.
363; xxi. 625.
FONTANA, Carlo, Italian architect, xx.
836.
, Domenico, Italian architect, ix.
363; ii. 439-
, Lavinia, Italian painter, IX. 363.
, Niccolo Tartaglia, Italian mathe
matician, xxm. 68.
-, Prospero, Italian painter, IX. 364.
FONTANES, Louis, Marquis de, French
poet, IX. 364.
FONTANET, or Fontenay, France, Battle
of (841), ix. 533; xv. 9.
FONTARABIA, town, Spain, ix. 810.
FONTENAY, France, Battle of (841), ix.
5335 xv. 9.
, Lefevrede, French journalist, xvn.
424.
, Theresa, Comtesse de, xxm. 33.
FONTENAY-LE-COMTE, town, France,
ix. 364.
FONTENELLE, Bernard le Bovier de,
French writer, ix. 364, 664.
FONTENOY, Belgium, Battle of (1745),
vi. 705; ix. 586; xxi. 346.
FONTEVRAUD, Order of, monks and
nuns, XVI. 709.
FONTEVRAULT, town, France, ix. 365.
FOO-CHOW, town, China, IX. 812.
FOOD, vill. 616; dietetics, vn. 200;
cookery of, vi. 331; digestion of, xvn.
669; gelatinous, x. 132; laws against
luxurious, XXII. 644 ; milk as, XVI.
303; poisonous, xv. 781; preserved,
XIX. 707; supply of, in Great Britain,
vi. 415; tabooed, xxm. 16, 468; of
plants, xix. 48.
FOOL, jester, ix. 366.
FOOT, Anatomy of the human, I. 830;
joints and muscles of, I. 841; club-foot,
vi. 42; redundant or defective toes on,
xvi. 762; of mammals, xv. 360.
, measure of length, XXIV. 483.
FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE, XVII. 60.
FOOTBALL, game, ix. 367.
FOOTE, Samuel, English dramatist and
actor, ix. 368; vii. 438.
FOOT- POUND, unit for measurement of
work, vui. 206; xv. 700.
FOOTSTEPS OF THE CREATOR, Hugh
Miller's work, xvi. 320.
FOOTWAYS, in streets, xx. 588.
FOPPA, Vincenzo, Italian painter, ix.
371; xxi. 437.
FORAGE CROPS, Culture of, i. 370.
FORAMINIFERA, IX. 371; distribution
of, VII. 277, 283.
FORBACH, town, German Lorraine, ix.
387-
FORBES, Alexander Penrose, bishop of
Brechin, IX. 387.
, David, English chemist and geo
logist, IX. 388.
, Duncan, of Culloden, Scottish
lawyer and statesman, ix. 388.
— , Edward, English naturalist, IX.
389-
— , James David, Scottish natural
philosopher, IX. 390; on the motion of
glaciers, x. 629.
— , Sir John, physician and writer, IX.
393; xv. 8 1 6.
— , William Alexander, on birds, XVIII.
39- %
FORBIDDEN FRUIT (Shaddock), xxi.
727.
FORBIN, Claude de, French naval com
mander, IX. 393.
-, Comte de, French painter, XI. 48.
FORCE, in dynamics, vn. 581; xv. 676,
746, 764; electric, vill. 20; its equival
ent of heat, XI. 558; as the product of
heat, xxm. 283; measure of, vn. 584;
XV. 698; Kant on the theories of, xm.
847; Leibnitz's doctrine of, xiv. 421.
FORCELLINI, Egidio, Italian philologist,
ix- 393-
FORCHHAMMER, Johan Georg, Danish
mineralogist, IX. 393.
FORCHHAMMERITE, mineral, XVI. 415.
FORCHHEIM, town, Bavaria, IX. 394.
FORCIBLE ENTRY, Law of, vi. 583.
FORD, Horace A., archer, n. 373.
, John, English dramatist, ix. 394;
vii. 432.
, Kichard, English writer on Spain,
IX. 396.
-, Thomas, English musician, ix.
396.
FoRDUN, John of, Scottish historian, IX.
397-
FOREHEAD, Bone of the, i. 824.
FOREIGN ENLISTMENT ACTS, xm.
196.
FOREIGNERS, in Roman law, xx. 695.
FORENSIC COSTUME, vi. 476.
FORENSIC MEDICINE, xv. 778.
FORENSIC RHETORIC, xx. 511.
FOREORDINATION, ill theology, XIX.
668.
FORESITE, mineral, xvi. 423.
FOREST ADMINISTRATION, ix. 397.
FORESTALLING, of corn, Laws against, i.
298; vi. 412.
FOREST DISTRICTS, Switzerland, xxn.
782.
FORESTERS, Ancient Order of, ix. 782.
FOREST LAW, English, ix. 409.
FOREST OF DEAN, district, Gloucester,
England, x. 687, 689; coalfield of, vi.
50.
FORESTS, ix, 397; their effect on climate,
vi. 4; submerged, x. 256; American,
distribution of, I. 676; of Africa, I.
252; European, vui. 692; of India,
XII. 753; of Kentucky, xiv. 43; of
the United States, xxm. 807.
FOREZ, mountains, France, xx. 119;
plain, xiv. 807.
FORFAR, county, Scotland, ix. 410;
area and population, xxi. 528; repre
sentation, xxm. 727; town, ix. 412.
FORFICULA, genus of insects, vn. 612.
FORFICULID^:, order of insects, vn.
613; xm. 152.
FORGE, for iron, IX. 412; its history,
XIII. 290.
FORGERY, in English law, ix. 413.
— , Literary, in ancient times, I. 461.
FORGES, Evariste Desire" de, Yicomte de
Parny, French poet, xvm. 318.
FORGES-LES-EAUX, spa, France, xvi.
434-
FORGET-ME-NOT, plant, IX. 414; XII.
2^2.
FORGING MACHINES, ix. 413.
FORKEL, Johann Nikolaus, German
musician, IX. 414.
FORLI, town, Italy, IX. 414; district,
xx. 560.
, Melozzo da, Italian painter, IX. 414.
FORLIMPOPOLI, town, Italy, ix. 415.
FORM, Abstract idea of, xv. 629.
FORMAN, Simon, English physician
and astrologer, IX. 415.
FORMARTIN, district, Scotland, I. 43.
FORME, Printer's, xxm. 700.
FORMENTARA, one of the Balearic
Islands, Spain, ill. 278.
FoRMEY, Johann Heinrich Samuel,
German writer, IX. 415.
FORMIA, town, Italy, ix. 415.
FORMICA, genus of insects, n. 94.
FORMOSA, island, China, ix. 415; n.
687; V. 636; birds of, III. 762; cam
phor production, IV. 761; Pwtlmaii-
azar's work on, XX. 28.
FORMOSUS, Pope, IX. 418.
FORMULAR SVSTEM, in Roman law,
xix. 707.
FOROJULIUM (Friuli), ancient town,
Italy, IX. 790.
FORRES, town, Scotland, vui. 130.
FORS, constitution of Beam, France,
in. 465.
FORSKAL, Peter, Swedish naturalist and
philosopher, IX. 418.
FORST, town, Prussia, IX. 418.
FORSTER, Frangois, French engraver,
ix. 418.
— , G. S., on birds, xvm. 8.
— , Johann Georg Adam, German
naturalist, IX. 418.
, John, English historian and critic,
ix. 419.
— , John R., on birds, XVIII. 8.
FORSTER, Friedrich, German historian,
ix. 418.
FORSTERITE, mineral, xvi. 410.
F 0 It — F O W
167
FORSYTH, William, on tlie origin of
trial by jury, XIII. 784.
FORT, Construction of a, IX. 433, 434.
FORTALEZA (Ceara), town, Brazil, V.
282.
FORT CARILLON, New York, U.S.A.,
xxni. 352.
FORT DE FRANCE, town, Martinique,
West Indies, IX. 420; XV. 586.
FORT DE KOCK, Sumatra, xxn. 639.
FORTEBRACCIO, Nicola, Roman captain,
xx. 805.
FORT EDMONTON, Canada, xv. 490.
FORTESCUE, Sir John, English lawyer,
IX. 420; vili. 416.
FORTH, river, Scotland, ix. 420; xxn.
553-
- BRIDGE, Scotland, xx. 234.
FORTIFICATION, ix. 421 (index, 468); of
ancient Rome, XX. 812.
FORT NARYN, Syr-Daria, Central Asia,
xxii, 8 1 8.
FORTRESS, Armament of a, ix. 454.
FORTROSE, town, Scotland, IX. 468.
FORT SCOTT, town, Kansas, U.S.A.,
xiii. 844.
FORT SUMTER, South Carolina, U.S.A.,
Surrender of (1861), xxni. 774.
FORTUNA, Roman goddess, IX. 468;
temple of, at Prseueste, XIX. 654; at
Rome, II. 417; xx. 827.
FORTUNATUS, legendary hero, IX.
468.
, Venantius H. C., bishop of Poi
tiers, Latin poet, IX. 469; as hymn-
writer, xii. 582.
FORTUNE BAY, Newfoundland, xvn.
382.
FORTUNE-TELLING, Laws against, xv.
204; xxiv. 622.
FORTUNY, Mariano, Spanish painter,
XXL 440, 443.
FORT WAYNE, town, Indiana, U.S.A.,
ix. 469.
FORT WORTH, town, Texas, U.S.A.,
xxni. 205.
FORUM, at Pompeii, xix. 446.
, at Rome, IX. 469; XX. 813, 815,
825; architecture of, 1 1. 419.
— CORNELII (Imola), ancient town,
Italy, xii. 717.
JULII (Cividale), ancient town,
Italy, v. 797.
JULII (Frejus), ancient town,
France, IX. 767.
JULII (Friuli), ancient town, Italy,
ix. 790.
LIVII (Forli), ancient town, Italy,
ix. 414.
FOSBROKE, Thomas Dudley, English
antiquary, IX. 469.
FOSCARI, Francesco, doge of Venice, ix.
470; XIII. 480.
FOSCARINI, Antonio, Venetian con
spirator, xxiv. 147.
, Giacomo, Venetian statesman, XL
FOSCARINI, Marco, doge of Venice, his
torian, ix. 471.
, Michele, Venetiauhistorian, ix. 47 1 .
FOSCOLO, Ugo, Italian Avriter, IX. 471;
vii. 417; xin. 513.
FOSS, Edward, English legal writer, ix.
472.
, H. H., Norwegian poet, XVII. 591.
FOSSANO, town, Italy, ix. 472.
— , Ambrogio Stefani da (II Bor-
gognone), Italian painter, IX. 472 ;
xxi. 437.
FOSS DYKE, the oldest British canal,
iv. 783.
FOSSE, in fortification, ix. 444.
— , War of the, Arabia (627), xvi. 556.
FOSSILS, in geology, X. 319; the oldest
known, ix. 384; birds, ill. 728; fishes,
xn. 666 ; mammals, xv. 375 (and
article Mammalia throughout); of
America, I. 682.
FOSSOMBRONE, town, Italy, IX. 473.
FOSSOMBRONI, Vittorio, Italian states
man and mathematician, IX. 473.
FOSSORES, or Grave-Diggers, of the Cata
combs, v. 214.
FOSSWAY, Roman remains, Lincolnshire,
England, xiv. 656.
FOSTER, John, English essayist, IX.
473-
, Stephen Collins, American song
writer, ix. 475.
FOSTERAGE, under Brehon Law, in Ire
land, iv. 253.
FOTHERGILL, John, English physician,
ix. 475; xv. 815.
FOTHERINGAY CASTLE, Northampton,
England, XVII. 557; confinement of
Mary, queen of Scots, at, xv. 60 1.
FOUCAULT, Jean Bernard Leon, French
physicist, IX. 475; his experiment
showing the earth's rotation, x. 197;
on radiation, xx. 215.
FOUCHE, Joseph, French minister of
police, IX. 476; his relations with
Wellington, xxiv. 497.
FOUCHER, Simon, French sceptic, ix.
478.
FOUGASSE, in military mining, IX. 464.
FOUGERES, town, France, IX. 478.
FOULA, island, Shetland, Scotland, xvn.
846.
FOULAHS, or Fulahs, Negro race, Africa,
xvn. 319; I. 263; xxii. 248, 278, 279.
FOULD, Achille, French financier, ix.
478.
FOULDREY CASTLE, Lancashire, Eng
land, xiv. 254.
FOULIS, Andrew and Robert, Scottish
printers and publishers, IX. 479; their
editions of the classics, in. 657.
FOULQUES, Gui (Pope Clement IV.), v.
821.
FOUMART, or Polecat, xix. 332.
FOUNDATIONS, in building, iv. 452,
456; under water, iv. 326.
FOUNDING, casting metal, ix. 479.
FOUNDLING HOSPITALS, ix. 481.
FOUNDLING WHEEL, in Italy, xin.
449-
FOUNDRY OPERATIONS, ix. 479; xin.
355-
FOUNTAIN, spring of water, ix. 484.
FOUNTAINS, Sir Andrew, collector of
majolica ware, xix. 628.
FOUNTAINS ABBEY, Yorkshire, Eng
land, I. 1 8, 19; xxiv. 749.
FOUNTAINS OF MOSES, hot wells, Sinai,
Arabia, II. 236.
FOUQUE, Friedrich Heinrich Karl,
Baron de la Motte, German writer,
IX. 486; x. 542; hymns by, xii. 588.
FOUQUET, Nicolas, French financier
and statesman, IX. 487, 574; patron
of La Fontaine, xiv. 204.
FOUQUIER-TINVILLE, Antoine Quentin,
French Revolutionist, IX. 488.
FOURAH BAY COLLEGE, Sierra Leone,
West Africa, xxii. 45.
FOUR BOOKS, of China, v. 661.
FOURCHAMBAULT, town, France, IX.
488; xvn. 496.
FOURCROY, Antoine Frangois, Comte
de, French chemist, IX. 488.
FOUR GEORGES, The, by Thackeray,
XXIII. 2l6.
FOURIER, Francois Charles Marie,
French socialist writer, IX. 489; XXII.
208.
— , Jean Baptiste Joseph, French
mathematician and physicist, IX. 490;
I. 516; his theorem of simple harmonic
analysis, xv. 689; XVII. 105; on the
conduction of heat, XI. 578, 587; XVII.
738.
FOUR MASTERS, Annals of the, v. 307,
326.
FOURMENT, Helena, Rubeiis's second
wife, XXI. 45.
FOURMONT, Etienne, French Orientalist,
ix. 491.
, Michel, French Syriac scholar, ix.
491.
FoURNEYRON, Benoit, inventor of tur
bine water-wheel, xn. 438.
FOURNIER, Pierre Simon, French prin
ter, IX. 491.
FOURRE, Marie, heroine at siege of
Peronne, France, xvm. 552.
FOUR SONS OF AYMON, romance, xx.
652.
FOURVIERES, ancient building, Lyons,
France, xv. m.
FOUSSA, Malagasy cat, xv. 435.
FOVEAUX STRAIT, New Zealand, xvn.
467.
FOWL, FOWLS, poultry, ix. 491; xix.
644; successive stages of cranium of,
ill. 700; management of, I. 401.
FOWLER, Charles, English architect, IX.
492.
, John, inventor of steam plough,
IX. 492; I. 314.
— , William, Scottish poet, ix. 492.
168
F O W — F R A
FOWLERITE, mineral, xvi. 417.
FOWLING-PlECE, gun, XI. 279; XXI.
832.
FOWNES, George, English chemist, IX.
493-
Fox, carnivorous mammal, IX. 493; xv.
438; Arctic, colour of, XVI. 343; skins
of, ix. 838.
, Charles James, English statesman,
IX. 494; vm. 358; Burke's dissension
with, IV. 548; his relations with Pitt,
xix. 137.
, George, founder of the Quakers,
ix. 500; xvn. 135; xx. 147, 152;
friend of Penn, xvm. 496.
, Henry Kichard Yassall, Lord
Holland, xn. 99.
— , Kate, American spiritualist, xxn.
405.
-, Luke, Arctic explorer, XIX. 318.
-, Richard, bishop of Winchester, IX.
502.
, Robert Were, his dip circle, xvi.
161.
, Sir Stephen, English Royalist, IX.
494-
- BAT, or Flying Fox, bat, ix. 352.
FOXDALE MINES, silver and lead, Isle
of Man, xv. 451.
FOXE, John, English martyrologist, IX.
502.
FOXGLOVE, plant, VH. 237.
FOXHOUNDS, vn. 329; xn. 314.
Fox ISLANDS, Aleutian Islands, North
Pacific, I. 480.
FOX-SHARK, fish, xxi. 777.
Fox-TALBOT, William H., photographic
discoverer, xxill. 27; XVin. 824.
FOY, Maximilien Sebastien, French
general and politician, ix. 503.
FOYLE, river, Ireland, VII. 361.
FRA AMBROGIO (Paolo della Robbia),
Florentine sculptor, xx. 591.
FRA ANGELICO (Fiesole, or Guido di
Vicchio), Italian painter, IX. 148, 772;
xxi. 434, 435, 442.
FRAAS, Karl Nikolas, German botanist,
ix. 504.
FRA BARTOLOMMEO (Baccio della
Porta), Italian painter, in. 194; xxi.
442.
FRACASTORIO, Hieronymo, Italian phy
sician and poet, ix. 504.
FRACTIONS, in algebra, I. 529, 558; in
arithmetic, II. 529; decimal, use of, by
Napier, xvn. 185; by Stevinus, XXII.
546; vulgar, tables of, xxill. 8, 13.
FRACTURE, in surgery, xxn. 68 1.
— , of materials, by tension or com
pression, xxii. 601.
— , in minerals, its varieties, xvi.
379-
FRA DIAMANTE, Italian painter, vn.
162.
FRA DIAVOLO, Italian brigand, ix. 504.
FRAGARIA, genus of plants, xn. 276;
xxii. 592.
FRA GlOCONDO, Veronese architect,
xxiv. 154, 172.
FRAGMENS PHILOSOPHIQUES, Cousin's
work, vi. 522.
FRAHN, Christian Martin, German nu
mismatist and Orientalist, IX. 504.
FRA LUCA (Marco della Robbia), Floren
tine sculptor, xx. 591.
FRAMBCESIA, disease, xxiv. 732.
FRAMES, for bridges, IV. 3 1 5.
FRAMING, in joinery, iv. 490, 493.
FRAMLINGHAM, town, England, ix.
505; castle, xxii. 622.
FRANCAIS, of Nantes, Count, French
politician and writer, IX. 505.
FRANCAVILLA, town, Italy, ix. 505.
FRANCE, ix. 505 (including geography
and statistics, 505; history, 527, see
below; language, 629; literature, 657;
index, 687); academies in, I. 70, 71,
77; architecture, II. 429, 441 ; army, II.
600; arsenals, II. 634; artillery, II. 658,
660, 665; Bank of, in. 337; institution
of banks in, IV. 367; birds, XVIII. 17;
citizenship in, I. 576; coalfields, vi.
55; Code Napoleon, VI. 105; coins,
XVII. 655; colonies, VI. 159; drama,
vii. 423; drama in time of Corneille,vi.
420; fisheries, IX. 268; forests, IX. 402;
foundling hospitals, IX. 482; govern
ment, XI. 14; history, IX. 527, see
below; irrigation works, Xlll. 369;
Jansenist controversies in, XIII. 566;
Jews in, Xlll. 682; language, IX. 629;
land laws, xiv. 262; form of land
tenure, I. 415; libraries, xiv. 513,
524, 545; literature, IX. 637; mines,
xvi. 467; national debt, xvn. 246;
navy, xvn. 298; newspapers, xvn.
423; nobility, xvn. 530; xvin. 468;
observatories, XVII. 712; opium culti
vation, xvn. 792; oyster culture, xvin.
107; periodicals, xvill. 539; police
system, xix. 342; post office, xix. 580;
Presbyterian Church, XIX. 693; prison
system, xix. 759; railways, xx. 250;
settlements in India, II. 702; XII. 799,
800, 804; settlement at New Orleans,
U.S.A., xvn. 403; technical schools,
xxin. 108; university of, xxin. 851;
wine industry, XXIV. 604.
•, History of, IX. 527; conquest of
Algeria by, I. 566; colonization of
North America, IV. 766; protectorship
of Annam, xxin. 440; war with
Austria, in. 130; the Carbonari in, v.
89 ; Colbert's financial reforms, vi.
121 ; war in the East (1799), xxin.
648; Hundred Years' war with Eng
land, vin. 318; Fouche's police ad
ministration, ix. 476; Huguenots, xn.
337; invasion of Italy by (1492), Xlll.
481; of Prussia (1806), XX. 11; inva
sion of, by the Arabs, xvi. 576; II.
258; by William I. of Prussia (1870),
xxiv. 582; Inquisition established
in i. 487; suppression of Knights
Templars in, XXI n. 164; government
of Louis Philippe, xi. 269; in
time of Mazarin, xv. 652; under
Napoleon I., xvn. 192; under Napo
leon III., xvn. 228; relations to
Normandy, xvn. 539; to the papacy,
vi. 241; Reformation in, xx. 334;
Renaissance period, xx. 390; wars
with Russia, xxi. 100, 102; connexion
with long-King, xxin. 440; relations
with the United States, xxin. 733,
742, 744, 755, 782.
FRANCE, Institute of, xin. 160.
, Isle of, or Mauritius, xv. 639.
, The twelve peers of, xvin. 468.
FRANCESCA, Piero de', Italian painter,
xix. 82; xxi. 435.
DA RIMINI, daughter of Malatesta,
xx. 556.
FRANCESCHI, or Francesca, Piero de',
Italian painter, xix. 82; xxi. 435.
FRANCESCHINI, Baldassare, Italian
painter, IX. 687.
FRANCESCO I., grand-duke of Tuscany,
xv. 791.
— DA BARBERINO, mediaeval Italian
poet, xin. 501.
DI PUGLIA, Fra, his challenge to
Savonarola, XXI. 337.
FRANCEVILLE, station, West Africa,
xvn. 733.
FRANCHE COMTE, province, France, ix.
687.
FRANCHINA, Descartes's automaton, xv.
208.
FRANCHISE, in law, ix. 688; parliamen
tary, British, xx. 344.
FRANCIA (Francesco Raibolini), Italian
painter, ix. 688; xxi. 437.
, Jose Gaspar Rodriguez, dictator of
Paraguay, ix. 688.
FRANCIABIGIO (Francesco di Cristofano),
Italian painter, IX. 689.
FRANCIS, St, of Assisi, founder of Fran
ciscan order, IX. 692; xin. 500; xvi.
710; stigmatization of, xxn. 549.
, St, of Paola, founder of order of
Minims, ix. 695; xvi. 711.
, St, of Sales, devotional writer, IX.
695, 654.
— I., emperor, IX. 691; x. 503.
II. (Francis I. of Austria), emperor,
IX. 691; his character, in. 136.
I., emperor of Austria, ix. 691; in.
136-
I., king of France, IX. 689, 555; his
relations with Henry VIII. of England,
xi. 663; his rule in Italy, xin. 482;
his attitude towards the Reformation,
xx. 328, 334.
II., of France, ix. 691, 559.
— , duke of Guise, xi. 266.
, Alban, English Benedictine monk,
xvn. 444.
— , Francis, on fly fishing, II. 37.
, Sir Philip, English politician and
writer, ix. 696; his alleged identity
F R A — F R E
169
with Junius, xm. 776; his relations
with Burke, IV. 547.
FRANCIS-ARMAND, abbot of La Trappe,
xxm. 524.
FRANCIS BORGIA, St, general of the
Jesuits, IX. 694.
FRANCISCA, Frankish battle-axe, n.
555-
FRANCISCANS, monastic order, ix. 698;
xvi. 710; their revolt against Pope
John XXII., xvii. 717.
FRANCISQUE (Jean Fran§ois Millet),
French painter, IX. 700.
FRANCK, Gabriel, Flemish painter, IX.
701.
, Johann, German hymn- writer, XII.
587.
, Sebastian, German writer, IX. 701;
xvii. 134.
FRANCKE, August Hermann, German
philanthropist and theologian, IX. 701 ;
vn. 675; x. 532; xix. 83; his influence
on the university of Halle, XXIII.
847.
FRANCKEN, family of Flemish painters,
ix. 702.
FRANCO of Cologne, musical writer,
xvii. 81.
FRANCO-GALLIA, Hotman's treatise, xn.
3°9-
FRANCO-GERMAN WAR (1870), x. 512;
xx. 13.
FRANQOIS DE NEUFCHATEAU, Nicolas
Louis, Count, French statesman and
poet, ix. 703.
FRANCOIS DE PARIS, Jansenist, xm.
567.'
FRANCOLIN, bird, xvm. 333.
FRANCONIA, territorial division, Ger
many, ix. 703; in. 453; xxm. 331.
FRANCUS, or Franck, Sebastian, German
writer, IX. 701; xvii. 134.
FRANEKER, town, Holland, ix. 704;
university of, xxm. 850.
FRANK, Jacob, leader of Jewish sect,
xm. 681.
, John Peter, German physician,
xv. 815.
-, Joseph, German physician, XV.
814.
— , or Franck, Sebastian, German
writer, IX. 701; XVII. 134.
FRANKALMOIGN, feudal tenure of land,
England, XX. 305, 307.
FRANKENBERG, town, Saxony, ix. 704.
FRANKENHAUSEN, town, Germany, ix.
704; xxi. 461.
FRANKENSTEIN, town, Prussia, ix. 704.
FRANKENTHAL, town, Bavaria, ix. 704.
FRANKFORT, town, Kentucky, U.S.A.,
ix. 704.
FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAIN, town, Ger
many, ix. 704 ; xx. 1 6 ; cathedral
sculptures, xxi. 565 ; libraries, xiv.
546; newspapers, XVII. 428; assembly
(1848), x. 506; treaty of (1871), IX.
627.
FRANKFORT - ON - THE - ODER, town,
Prussia, IX. 708 ; university, XXIII.
843, 848.
FRANKINCENSE, gum-resin, ix. 709;
xii. 718.
FRANKLAND, or Land of the Franks, its
relations to the popedom, XIX. 494.
FRANKLIN, State of (now part of Ten
nessee), U.S.A., xxm. 178.
, Benjamin, American statesman and
philosopher, ix. 711; ambassador to
France, XXin. 743; his connexion with
American journalism, XVII. 433; with
Philadelphia, xvm. 740; his electrical
researches, vin. 6; his postal improve
ments, xix. 566; as political economist,
xix. 384; as writer, I. 720; Wedder-
burn's charge against him, XXIV. 475.
, Sir John, Arctic explorer, IX. 719;
x. 195; XIX. 319; his observations
on the aurora, in. 95; search for, by
Kane, xm. 837.
FRANKLINITE, mineral, xvi. 386; xm.
287; xxiv. 784.
FRANKMARRIAGE, in English law, xxi.
694.
FRANKS, Germanic people, ix. 722; xx.
776, 785; empire of the, v. 402; their
laws, v. 73; xxi. 212; in Gaul, ix. 528;
in Germany, X. 476; in Italy, xm.
468; in Roman empire, xx. 776, 780;
their invasion of Spain, XXII. 307;
their weapons, II. 555.
FRANKTENEMENT, land tenure, xx.
305-
FRANZ, Robert, his edition of Bach's
works, IIL 195
FRANZEN, Frans Michael, Swedish poet,
ix. 724; xxii. 757.
FRANZENSBAD, watering-place, Bohe
mia, ix. 724; mineral water of, xvi.
434, 435-
FRANZENSFESTE, fort, Tyrol, Austria,
iv. 356.
FRANZ- JOSEF LAND, Arctic Regions, its
discovery, xix. 324.
FRANZSTADT, part of Budapest, Hun
gary, xvm. 691.
FRASCATI, town, Italy, ix. 724.
FRASER, or Frazer, river, British Col
umbia, vi. 169; xvm. 116.
, Alexander, his composing and dis
tributing type-machines, xxm. 701,
702.
, James Baillie, Scottish traveller
and writer, IX. 725.
, Louis, on birds, XVlli. 12.
, Simon, Lord Lovat, Scottish
Jacobite, xv. 27.
FRASERBURGH, town, Scotland, ix.
725.
FRATERCULA, genus of birds, xx. 101.
FRATRICELLI, or Fraticelli, mediaeval
sects, ix. 725; in. 507; xvi. 711; xx.
322.
FRAUD, in law, ix. 726.
FRAUENBURG, town, Prussia, ix. 727.
FRAUENFELD, town, Switzerland, ix.
727; xxii. 778; xxm. 331.
FRAUENLOB (Heinrich von Meissen),
German poet, IX. 727.
FRAUENSTADT, C. M. J., friend and
expositor of Schopenhauer, xxi. 454.
FRAUNHOFER, Joseph von, German
optician, IX. 727; xvii. 26; his filar
micrometer, xvi. 245; on radiation,
xx. 215; his telescopes, xxm. 139,
141.
FRAUSTADT, town, Prussia, ix. 728.
FRAY BENTOS, town, Uruguay, xxiv.
15-
FRAY GERUNDIO, Isla's book, xm. 387.
FRAYSSINOUS, Denis Antoine Luc,
Comte de, French ecclesiastic and
politician, IX. 728.
FRAZER, or Fraser, river, British
Columbia, vi. 169; xvm. 116.
FREDEGOND, early French queen, ix.
530.
FREDERICI, German pianoforte maker,
xix. 71.
, Cesare de, Venetian traveller, xvii.
857-
FREDERICIA, town, Denmark, ix. 728.
FREDERICK, the name, ix. 729.
I., Barbarossa, emperor and German
king, IX. 729; x. 489; XX. 793; his
homage to Pope Alexander III., I. 486;
in Italy, xm. 472; his patronage of
Bologna university, xxm. 833.
II., emperor and German king, IX.
731; x. 491; xx. 795; his attitude to
wards the crusades, VI. 630; as king
of Italy, xm. 474; his relations to the
popedom, Xix. 500; to Sicily, xxii.
27; his quarrels with the Templars,
xxm. 162.
— III., emperor (IV. of Germany), IX.
733; X. 496.
, prince of Augustenburg, vil. 88.
, king of Bohemia (V. as elector
palatine), ix. 742; x. 500.
I., elector of Brandenburg, xx. 4.
— II., of Brandenburg, xx. 4.
III., German king, ix. 733; x.
494.
— IV., German king (emperor
Frederick III.), ix. 733; x. 496.
- I., king of Prussia, IX. 734; xx. 8.
II., the Great, of Prussia, IX. 735;
x. 503; XX. 9; his army, II. 593; his
battles, ill. 444; his influence on
France, IX. 585; influence on German
literature, x. 532 ; his contest with
Russia, xxi. 99; Ranch's statue of, xx.
294; Voltaire at court of, xxiv. 288.
— I., elector and duke of Saxony, ix.
740; xxi. 353.
II., of Saxony, ix. 741.
- III., of Saxony, IX. 741; XXI. 353;
Spalatin's relations with, xxii. 366.
— , king of Sicily, XXII. 28.
I., king of Sweden, XXII. 751.
I., king of Wiirtemberg, xxiv. 702.
XXV. — 22
170
F R E — F R E
FREDERICK I.-II., electors palatine, ix.
741.
III.-IV., electors palatine, ix.
742.
V., elector palatine and king of
Bohemia, ix. 742; x. 500.
, town, Maryland, U.S.A., XV. 603.
AUGUSTUS I. (Augustus II. of
Poland), elector of Saxony, ill. 84.
AUGUSTUS II. (Augustus III. of
Poland), elector of Saxony, in. 85;
xix. 297; xxi. 355.
AUGUSTUS III., elector (I. as king)
of Saxony, IX. 741; xxi. 355.
AUGUSTUS I., king of Saxony, ix.
741; xxi. 355.
AUGUSTUS II., king of Saxony, ix.
741; xxi. 356.
HENRY, of Orange-Nassau, stadt-
holder of Holland, xn. 79.
WILLIAM, elector of Brandenburg,
ix. 733; xx. 6.
WILLIAM I., king of Prussia, ix.
735; xx. 8.
WILLIAM II., of Prussia, ix. 739;
XX. II.
WILLIAM III., of Prussia, ix. 739;
xx. u; his relations with Stein, XXII.
530.
WILLIAM IV., of Prussia, ix. 740;
XX. 12.
CITY, town, Maryland, U.S.A., ix.
742.
FREDERICKSBURG, town, Virginia,
U.S.A., ix. 742; battle of (1862), in.
444; xxm. 777".
FREDERICKSHALD, town, Norway, ix.
742.
FREDERICKSTAD, town, Norway, ix.
742.
FREDERICTON, town, New Brunswick,
ix. 742; xvn. 375.
FREDERIKSHAAB, district, Greenland,
XL 170.
FREDRIKSHALL, Norway, Charles XII.
killed at, v. 422.
FREDRO, Count Alexander, Polish com
edian, xix. 303.
FREE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND, ix. 742;
xxi. 538; Chalmers's relations to, v.
377-
FREEDMAN, Roman, xxn. 133.
FREEDOM OF CONTRACT, xix. 360.
FREEDOM OF THE WILL, Jonathan
Edwards's work on the, VII. 690. See
also Free- Will below.
FREE GRACE, Melanchthon's doctrine
of, xv. 834.
FREEHOLD, in English law, ix. 746; vi.
355j xiv. 264; xx. 305.
FREE" IMPERIAL CITIES, of Germany,
ix. 747.
FREE LIBRARIES, in England, xiv. 520,
542.
FREEMAN, Edward Augustus, on chiv
alry, xiv. 126; on the origin of trial
by jury, XIII. 784.
FREEMAN'S JOURNAL, Dublin news
paper, xvii. 423.
FREEMAN'S WELL, Alnwick, England,
i. 596.
FREEMANTLE, town, "Western Australia,
xxiv. 508.
FREEMASONRY, ix. 747; condemned by
Pope Clement XII., v. 823.
FREEPORT, town, Illinois, U.S.A., ix.
752.
FREE-SOIL PARTY, United States, xxm.
768.
FREE SPIRIT, Brethren of the, medineval
sect, in. 507; xvii. 132.
FREETHINKING, Anthony Collins on,
vi. 147.
FREETOWN, town, Sierra Leone, West
Africa, IX. 752; I. 269; XXII. 44.
FREE TRADE, ix. 752 ; its effect on
commerce, VI. 205 ; List's theory of,
xix. 389 ; Paterson's advocacy of,
xvill. 360; Sir Eobert Peel's measures,
vin. 366; xvni. 456.
FREE-WILL, in ethics, vni. 608; in re
lation to predestination, Xix. 670 ;
Cudworth's theory, VI. 691; St Paul's
doctrine, xvill. 427.
FREEWILL BAPTISTS, ix. 762.
FREEZING-POINT, vni. 731; xn. 611.
FREGATA, genus of birds, ix. 786.
FREGELL^; (Pontecorvo), ancient town,
Italy, xix. 454.
FREGGA, Frigg, or Freya, in Teiitonic
mythology, IX. 777; I. 209, 211.
FREIBERG, town, Saxony, ix. 763; min
ing school of, xxiv. 502.
FREIBURG (Freiburg in the Breisgau),
town, Baden, Germany, IX. 764;
cathedral sculptures, XXI. 564; uni
versity, xxm. 842.
, town, Prussian Silesia, IX. 765.
-, canton, Switzerland, IX. 763; XXII.
778; town, ix. 764; xxn. 778,
FREIDANK, or Freigedank, German poet,
ix. 765.
FREILIGRATH, Ferdinand, German poet,
ix. 766; x. 546.
FREIND, John, English physician and
author, ix. 767; xv. 811.
FREIRE, Francisco Joze, Portuguese
historian and philologist, IX. 767.
FREISCHUTZ, in German folklore, ix.
767.
— , Weber's opera, xxiv. 468.
FREISING, town, Bavaria, ix. 767.
FREIWALDAU, town, Austrian Silesia,
ix. 767.
FREJUS, town, France, ix. 767.
FREMONT, town, Ohio, U.S.A., ix. 767.
, John Charles, his operations in
California, IV. 695 ; candidate for
presidency of United States, XXIII.
771.
FREMONT'S PEAK, Wyoming, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 712.
FRENEAU, Philip, American writer, I.
722,
FRENCH, Nicholas, Irish pamphleteer,
ix. 768.
— ACADEMY, i. 74, 75; dictionary of,
vni. 194.
BEAN, vegetable, xn. 283.
DRAMA, vn. 423.
GUIANA, South America, XL 253.
HORN, musical instrument, xn.
167.
LANGUAGE, ix. 629 ; xiv. 340;
dictionaries of, vn. 184.
LITERATURE, ix. 637; Renaissance
period, xx. 391; early romances, xx.
659; Rabelais's influence on, xx. 197;
Rousseau's, xxi. 27.
REVOLUTION (1789), ix. 596; xx.
602; views of, in England, xix. 143;
its influence on thepopedom, XIX. 508;
on Spain, XXII. 342; in Switzerland,
xxn. 793.
REVOLUTION, Reflections on the,
Burke's, IV. 546.
FRENTANI, ancient Italian people, xxi.
128, 248.
FRENZELITE, mineral, xvi. 394.
FREQUENTS COMMUNION, De la,
Arnauld's work, II. 620.
FRERE, John Hookham, English diplo
matist and writer, IX. 768.
FRERES DE SAINT-YON, religious
brotherhood, XI I. 700.
FRERET, Nicolas, French scholar, ix.768.
FRERON, Elie Catherine, French critic
and controversialist, ix. 769.
, Louis Stanislas, French Revolu
tionist, ix. 769.
FREROTS, or Fratricelli, mediseval sect,
ix. 725.
FRESCO, ix. 769; xvii. 42; xxm. 158;
a secco, xxm. 157; ceilings, in ancient
burial-chapels, v. 214 ; Raphael's
frescos, xx. 279.
FRESCOBALDI, Girolamo, Italian musi
cal composer, ix. 776; xvii. 90.
FRESE, Jacob, Swedish poet, xxn. 755.
FRESHWATER, town, Isle of Wight,
England, xxiv. 562.
HERRING, fish, xxi. 224.
FRESNEL, Augustiii Jean, French
physicist, IX. 776; his improvements
in lighting apparatus, Xiv. 619, 620.
FRESNILLO, town, Mexico, ix. 776;
xxiv. 761.
FRESNOY, Charles Alphonse du, French
painter and writer, IX. 776.
FRESNY, Riviere du, French journalist,
xvii. 424.
FRET, in heraldry, XL 697.
PATTERNS, in Japanese art, xm.
590.
FREUDENSTADT, town, Wiirtemberg,
Germany, ix. 776.
FREUDENTHAL, town, Austrian Silesia,
ix. 777.
FREY, in northern mythology, I. 210.
FREYA, or Fregga, in Teutonic mytho
logy, IX. 777; I. 209, 211.
F R E — F R Y
171
FREYBERG, or Freiberg, town, Saxony,
ix. 763.
FREYBURG, or Freiburg, town, Baden,
Germany, IX. 764.
FREYCINET, Louis Claude Desaules de,
French navigator, IX. 777.
FREYSING, or Freising, town, Bavaria,
ix. 767.
FREYTAG, Georg Willielm Friedricli,
German Orientalist, ix. 777.
, Gustav, German novelist, x. 545.
FREZZI, Federigo, Italian writer, xin.
SOS-
FRIAR, member of mendicant order, IX.
777; v. 116; vii. 354; ix. 698; xvi.
710; in England, I3th century, vm.
3i6.
FRIAR-BIRD, xn. 139.
FRIAR'S CAP, plant, i. 98.
FRIAR WILLIAM (Rubruquis), Oriental
traveller, XXI. 46.
FRIBOURG (Freiburg), canton, Switzer
land, ix. 763; xxii. 778; town, ix.
764; xxn. 778, 788.
FRICHOT, Alexandre, French musical
instrument maker, XVII. 778.
FRICKER, Edith, first wife of Robert
Southey, xxii. 290.
FRICTION, in physics, ix. 777; xv. 702,
731,765; expenditure of energy on, vm.
208; of gases, xvi. 618 ; of liquids,
XII. 482 ; XIX. 247 ; influence of
lubricants on, xv. 35 ; stability of,
xv. 751; tidal, xxni. 360, 374.
FRICTIONAL ELECTRICITY, vm. 99.
FRIDA, Emil Bonus, Bohemian poet,
xxn. 152.
FRIDERICIA, or Fredericia, town, Den
mark, ix. 728.
FRIEDELITE, mineral, xvi. 424.
FRIEDLAND, town, Bohemia, ix. 778.
, town, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Ger
many, ix. 778.
, town, Prussia, IX. 779 ; battle of
(1807), xvn. 210.
• , Duke of (Wallenstein), general,
xxiv. 328.
-, Valentin (Trotzendorf), German
educationist, xxni. 588.
FRIEDRICH (Frederick, q.v.), German
name, ix. 729.
- LUDWIG, prince of Hohenlohe,
Prussian general, XII. 51.
FRIEDRICHSHALL, spa, Saxe-Meiningen,
Germany, xvi. 436.
FRIENDLY ISLANDS, South Pacific, ix.
779-
FRIENDLY SOCIETIES, ix. 780; registra
tion of, xx. 344.
FRIENDS, Society of (Quakers), xx. 147;
founder of, ix. 500.
- IN COUNCIL, Helps's work, XL
639-
OF GOD, mystic sect, xvn. 486;
xxill. 82.
OF THE PEOPLE, Society of, Eng
lish political party, XL 190.
FRIES, Elias Magnus, Swedish botanist,
ix. 785.
-, Jacob Friedricli, German philo
sopher, IX. 785; his relations to
rationalism, XX. 290.
FRIESEITE, mineral, xvi. 393.
FRIESLAND, province, Holland, IX. 785;
xii. 98.
FRIESLEBENITE, mineral, xvi. 394.
FRIEZE, in architecture, n. 464.
FRIGATE-BIRD, ix. 786.
FRIKELL, Wiljalba, conjurer, xiv. 415.
FRINGILLA, genus of birds, xiv. 675;
xxii. 369.
FRINIATES, Liguriaii tribe, Italy, xm.
447; xiv. 640.
FRISCH, J. L., on birds, xvm. 8.
FRISCHE HAFF, lagoon, Prussia, xx.
20.
FRISCHLIN, Nicodemus, German scholar
and poet, IX. 786.
FRISI, Paolo, Italian mathematician and
astronomer, IX. 787.
FRISIA, ancient region of Europe, ix.
787; ancient law code of, XXI. 215.
FRISIAN LANGUAGE, ix. 788; xii. 84;
dictionaries of, VII. 187.
FRISIAN LITERATURE, ix. 788.
FRISIANS, ancient Teutonic people, IX.
787; St Willibrord's mission to, XXIV.
587.
FRISIUS, Gemma, on navigation, xvn.
251.
FRIT FLY, wheat pest, xxiv. 535.
FRITH, John, early English Reformer,
ix. 789.
FRITH-GUILDS, associations for mutual
defence, XI. 260.
FRITHIGERN, Gothic chief, x. 848, 849;
xxni. 258, 720.
FRITHIOFS SAGA, TegneYs poem, xxm.
no.
FRITILLARIA, genus of Tunicata, xxni.
615; xxiv. 1 86.
FRITSLAR, Herbert von, romancist, xx.
639-
FRITZLAR, town, Prussia, ix. 790.
, Hermann von, German mystic,
xvii. 133.
FRIULI, district, Austria and Italy, IX.
790.
FRIZON (Gemma Frisius), on naviga
tion, xvn. 251.
FROBEN, or Frobenius, Joannes, German
printer and scholar, IX. 791; his re
lations with Erasmus, vm. 514.
FROBERGER, Johann Jacob German
musician, XVII. 90.
FROBISHER, Sir Martin, English navi
gator, IX. 791; x. 184; his Arctic
explorations, XIX. 316.
FRODOART (Flodoard), French chro
nicler, IX. 328.
FROEBEL, Friedrich Willielm August,
German educationist, IX. 792; xiv.
79-
FROG, amphibian, ix. 795; anatomy of,
I. 751; egg of, xx. 418; hibernation
of, XL 789; parasites of, xvni. 259;
xxni. 539.
FROG-FISH, ix. 269.
FROGMORE, Berkshire, England, Mau
soleum at, I. 453.
FROGS, The, Aristophanes's comedy, II.
509.
FROHLICH, Abraham Emanuel, German-
Swiss poet, IX. 797.
FROISSART, Jean, French chronicler, ix.
797, 646.
FROME, town, England, ix. 802; xxn.
258.
FROMENTIN, Eugene, French painter,
ix. 802.
FROMME, C., his experiments in
magnetism, XV. 258.
FRONDE, War of the, in France, ix.
572; xiv. 867; Conde's connexion
with, VI. 246; Mazarin's, XV. 652;
Louise d'Orleans's, xvi. 793; Retz's,
xx. 488.
FRONSAC, town, France, xiv. 509.
FRONT, St, early French missionary,
xviii. 535.
FRONTINUS, Justinus (Justin), Latin
historian, XIII. 791.
-, Sextus Julius, Roman soldier and
writer, IX. 803; inspector of Roman
aqueducts, XII. 435; his language
and style, xiv. 337.
FRONTO, Marcus Cornelius, Roman
grammarian, IX. 803; his language
and style, XIV. 338.
FROSINONE, town, Italy, ix. 803.
FROST, Geological action of, x. 265, 280.
-, William Edward, English painter,
ix. 803.
FROST-BITE, xvi. 849; xxn. 683.
FROTTE, Louis de, French royalist, xvn.
203.
FROUDE, William, English naval archi
tect, XXL 809.
FROWLE, bird, xi. 262.
FRUCTIDOR 18, Coup d'etat of (1797),
France, xvn. 199.
FRUELA I., king of Leon, xxn. 311.
FRUE-VANNER, mining apparatus, xvi.
465.
FRUGALITY BANKS, xxi. 327.
FRUGONI, Carlo Innocenzo, Italian poet,
ix. 804; xni. 511.
FRUIT, of plants, IV. 148; formation
of, xx. 429; culture of, I. 384; n. 322;
dried, xix. 707; garden, XII. 268.
FRUMENTIUS, early Christian missionary
and first bishop of Abyssinia, IX. 804;
1.65.
FRUSINUM, or Frusino (Frosinone),
ancient town, Italy, IX. 803.
FRUYTIERS, Philip, Flemish painter, ix.
804.
FRY, of fish, as article of food, xxiv.
550.
, Elizabeth, English philanthropist,
ix. 804; on prison discipline, xix. 749.
172
F K Y — F U S
FRYING, of meat, vi. 333.
FRYTH, or Frith, John, early English
Reformer, ix. 789.
FRYXELL, Anders, Swedish historian,
xxn. 758.
F's, The Three, in Irish land tenure,
xiv. 277.
FUAD PASHA, Mehmed, Turkish states
man and author, IX. 805.
FUCHITE, mineral, XVI. 413.
FUCHS (Fux), Johanii Joseph, Austrian
musical composer, ix. 855; xvil. 90.
, Johann Nepomuk von, German
chemist and mineralogist, IX. 805.
, Leonhard, German physician and
botanist, ix. 806.
FUCHSIA, plant, ix. 806; xn. 263.
FUCINUS (Fucino), lake, Italy, v. 286;
XIIL 440; drainage tunnel at, xxill.
623.
FUEGIA, islands, Tierra del Fuego,
South America, xxin. 384.
FUEGIANS, races of Indians, XII. 829.
FUEL, ix. 807 ; composition of various
kinds of, VI. 47; for blast furnaces,
XIIL 292, 315; gas as, Siemens's experi
ments with, xxil. 37; petroleum as,
xvill. 720; for smelting ores, XVI. 60;
in relation to smoke abatement, XXII.
182 ; for steam boilers, xxil. 500,
519.
FUENTE DE CANTOS, town, Spain, ix.
810.
FUENTE DEL MAESTRE, town, Spain,
ix. 810.
FUENTERRABIA (Fontarabia), town,
Spain, IX. 810.
FUENTES, Manuel A., Peruvian writer,
xvni. 676.
FUERO, Spanish legal charter and code,
IX. 8 10.
FUERTEVENTURA, island, Canaries, IV.
800.
FUGGER, Swabian family, Germany, ix.
811.
FUGITIVE SLAVE LAWS, in United
States, ix. 165; xxm. 768.
FUGUE, in music, xvn. 82.
FUH-CHOW, or Fuh-Chow Foo (Foo
Chow), town, China, IX. 812; v. 636.
FUH-KEEN, province, China, v. 636.
FiJHRlCH, Joseph von, Austrian painter,
ix. 812.
Fujl-SAN, or Fuji, volcano, Japan, xill.
571; pilgrimages to, XIX. 92.
FULAHS, or Foulahs, Negro race, Africa,
i. 263; XVIL 319; xxn. 248, 278, 279.
FULBERT, Canon, uncle of Heloise, I. 34.
, scholastic philosopher, xxi. 421.
FULBROKE PARK, Warwickshire, Eng
land, xxi. 753.
FULCHER, Geoffrey, Knight Templar,
xxm. 161.
FULDA, monastery and town, Germany,
IX. 812 ; monastic library of, XIV.
513; philosophical school, XXI. 420.
, river, Germany, xxiv. 503.
FULFORD, England, Battle of (1066), XI.
485."
FULGENTIUS, Gottschalk, German theo
logian, x. 855.
FULGINIUM (Foligno), ancient town,
Italy, ix. 356.
FULGORA, genus of insects, xiv. 290.
FULHAM, suburb of London, IX. 813;
xiv. 822.
FULIGNO, or Foligno, town, Italy, IX.
356.
FUHGULA, genus of birds, XIX. 252;
xxi. 378.
FULK, count of Anjou, Knight Templar,
xxm. 160.
— FITZWARIN, romance, XX. 658.
FULLER, Andrew, English Baptist
divine, IX. 813.
, Sarah Margaret, Marchioness Ossoli,
American writer, xvin. 57.
, Thomas, English divine and his
torian, IX. 814.
FULLER'S EARTH, ix. 816; xvi. 424.
FULLING, in wool manufacture, xxiv.
661.
FULLONICA, fuller's shop, at Pompeii,
xix. 449.
FULMAR, bird, ix. 817.
FULMINATES, explosives, vin. SoS.
FULTON, Robert, American engineer,
ix. 817; his invention of a steamboat,
ill. 542.
FUMARIA, genus of plants, ix. 8 1 7.
FUMIGATION, Religious, with incense,
xii. 718, 721.
FUMITORY, plant, ix. 817.
FUNARIA HYGROMETRICA, species of
mosses, xvn. 71, 72.
FUNCHAL, town, Madeira, XV. 179.
FUNCTION, in mathematical analysis, ix.
818; XIIL 13; xv. 630; xxiv. 71.
FUNCTIONS, Analytical, Theory of, La-
grange's work, xiv. 209.
-, Elliptic, Legendre's researches on,
xiv. 413; Henry J. S. Smith's papers
on, xxil. 173.
FUNDI (Fondi), ancient town, Italy, ix.
361.
FUNDS, national debt, xvn. 245.
FUNDY, Bay of, North America, XVII.
373, 601.
FUNEN, island, Denmark, vil. 80, 83.
FUNERAL RITES, ix. 824; in. 398;
their origin and meaning, II. 56;
dances, vi. 799; feasts, IX. 113; in
primitive church, V. 211; XXI. 155;
in relation to totemism, xxm. 470;
Egyptian, vn. 722, 728; xvn. 20;
ancient Mexican, xvi. 213; Parsee,
xvill. 326; Phoenician, xvill. 8 10; Scy
thian, xxi. 576; Tibetan, xxm. 344.
FUNFHAUS, suburb of Vienna, ix. 827.
FUNFKIRCHEN, town, Hungary, ix.
827; university of, xxm. 840.
FUNGUS, FUNGI, division of vegetable
kingdom, IX. 827; xxiv. 127 ; rela
tions to Algae, in. 692; xxiv. 128;
reproduction of, IV. 162; XX. 423,430;
vegetative organs of, IV. 107; edible
species, XVIL 74 ; parasitic species,
xvni. 266; for the herbarium, xi. 718;
phosphorescence in, xvni. 813; in
vine diseases, xxiv. 240.
FUR, ix. 836; of ermine, vm. 526; of
seals, xxi. 583; Canadian, iv. 775;
yield in Siberia, xxn. 9.
— , in heraldry, xi. 691.
, group of Negroes, Africa, VI. 825;
xvn. 319.
FURETIERE, Antoine, French lexico
grapher, ix. 839; his French dictionary,
vn. 185; his dispute with La Fontaine,
xiv. 205; ana of, i. 784.
FURIES (the Greek Erinyes), in Latin
mythology, ix. 840; vin. 524.
FURLANIANS, ancient people of Friuli,
Italy, IX. 790.
FURNACE, ix. 840; method of measuring
temperature of, xx. 132; for assaying,
n. 725; for the garden, xn. 228; for
glass-making, x. 657; for iron and
steel making, xin. 293, 349; for lead
smelting, xiv. 375; for minting opera
tions, xvi. 486; Siemens's regenerative,
xxn. 37; for smelting ores, xvi. 60;
for steam-boilers, xxil. 496.
FURNEAUX, Captain, his explorations
of Australian coasts, in. 104.
FURNESS ABBEY, Lancashire, England,
in. 396; xiv. 254.
FURNITURE, ix. 847.
FURREEDKOTE (Faridkot), state, India,
ix. 33-
FURREEDPORE (Faridpur), district,
British India, ix. 33.
FURRUCKABAD (Farrakhabad), district,
India, IX. 42.
FURSEY, abbot of Lagny, Celtic re
former, xvi. 707.
FURST, German title, xix. 739.
-, Julius, German Orientalist, ix.
850.
FURSTENBERG, two noble German
families, ix. 851.
FURSTENBUND, league of German prin
ces, XX. II.
FiJRSTENWALDE, town, Prussia, IX.
851.
FURTH, town, Bavaria, IX. 851.
FURTUM, or Theft, Law of, xxn I.
231.
FURZE, shrub, ix. 851.
FUSANUS, genus of trees, xxi. 255.
FUSE, in pyroteclmy, xx. 135; safety,
for mining, xvi. 445; for ammunition
shells, I. 745; XI. 305.
FUSEE, match, xv. 626.
-, of a watch, xxiv. 394.
FUSELI, Henry, Swiss painter and writer,
ix. 852.
FUSEL OIL, ix. 853.
FUSIBILITY OF METALS, Table showing
the, xvi. 66.
FUSIL, in heraldry, XI. 697.
F U S — G A L
173
FUSING-POINTS, of alloys, xx. 132.
FUSIYAMA, Fuji, or Fujisan, volcano,
Japan, xin. 571; xix. 92.
FUSLEE ERA, Mohammedan, in India,
v. 719.
FUST, Sir H. Jenner, his decision on
church altars, I. 641.
, Johann, early German printer, IX.
853; xxill. 684, 687; his Psalter, ill.
653-
FUSTIAN, cloth, ix. 855; xxm. 210.
FUSTIC, dyestuff, ix. 855.
FUTA - JALLON, district, Senegambia,
West Africa, XXI. 66 1.
FUTAK, father of Mani, XV. 482.
FUTTEHPOOR (Fathipur), district and
town, India, IX. 50.
— SIKRI, town, India, IX. 51.
FUTURE, Psychological presentation of
the, xx. 64.
EVENTS, Mathematical probability
of, xix. 773.
STATE, in eschatology, vin.
537-
Fux, Johann Joseph, Austrian musical
composer, IX. 855; XVII. 90.
FUXUM (Foix), ancient town, France, ix.
353-
FUZE, or Fuse (q.v.\ Percussion, xi. 305.
FiiZES-GYARMAT, town, Hungary, xi.
346.
FUZULI, Ottoman poet, xxm. 656.
FYLKI, Norwegian division of land,
xvn. 584.
FYNE, Loch, Scotland, its herring fishery,
ix. 260.
FYRD, early English militia, II. 568.
FYT, Johannes, Flemish painter, ix.
856.
FYZABAD (Faizabad), division and dis
trict, India, vin. 855; town, vill. 855 ;
xvni. 72.
r~* the seventh letter of the alphabet,
^-J> x. i.
GA, language and tribe, Gold Coast,
Africa, X. 756.
GAB^E (Ispahan), ancient town, Persia,
xin. 395.
GABAO, river, West Coast, Africa, x. 3.
GABELENTZ, Hans Conon von der,
German philologist, x. i.
GABELSBERGER, F. X., German steno
grapher, xxi. 841.
GABES, town, Tunis, xxin. 620.
GABET, J., French traveller in Tibet,
xiv. 503; xxm. 338.
GABII, ancient town, Italy, x. 2; xiv.
344-
GABION, in fortification, IX. 424.
GABLE, in architecture, n. 465.
GABLER, Georg Andreas, German philo
sopher, x. 2.
, Johann Philipp, German theologian,
X. 2.
GABLONZ, town, Bohemia, x. 3.
GABOON, river, West Coast, Africa, x.
3; i. 254.
GABRIAS, or Babrius, Greek fabulist,
in. 181.
GABRIEL, of Scripture, x. 3.
, bishop of Hormizdsher, Syriac
writer, xxil. 837.
— BAR BOKHT-ISHO, Syrian physi
cian, xxn. 847.
— KAMSA, Syriac writer, xxn. 855.
TAURETHA, Syriac writer, xxn.
843-
GABRIELLI, Pirro Maria, Italian man of
science, xxil. 43.
GABRIG, river, Persia, xvin. 620.
GAD, prophet, in Scripture, x. 4.
-, Tribe of, x. 4.
GADAMES, or Ghadames (q.v.), town,
Sahara, Africa, x. 4.
GADARA, ancient town, Syria, x. 4.
GADDESDEN, John, English writer on
medicine, XV. 807.
GADDI, family of Italian painters, X. 5
-, Agnolo, X. 5; his glass paintings
X. 669.
GADES (Cadiz), ancient town, Spain, iv.
626; xvin. 806; xxn. 305.
GAD-FLY, vn. 256.
GADIATCH, town, Eussia, x. 6.
GADOLINITE, mineral, xiv. 292; xvi.
409.
GADSHILL PLACE, Kent, Dickens's re
sidence, vii. 178.
GADUS, genus of fishes, XI. 363; XII.
691; xix. 402, 650; xxiv. 554.
GADWALL, bird, x. 6.
G^A, Oracle of, at Olympia, xvn. 808.
GAEKWAR, or Gaikwar, Mahratta ruler,
in. 381; xv. 290.
GAELIC LANGUAGE, x. 6; v. 298; xiv.
694; dictionaries of, vii. 188.
GAELIC LITERATURE, x. 6; of Scotland,
v- 313, 327-
GAELS, v. 297; in Ireland, xin. 244, 246;
in Scotland, XXI. 473; in Wales, XVI 1 1.
482.
GAETA, town, Italy, x. 13.
, Giovanni da (Pope Gelasius II.), x.
130.
GAETANO, Giovanni (Pope Nicholas III.),
xvn. 484.
G/ETULIA, ancient district, North Africa,
x. 14.
G^TULIANS, people, Maiiretania, Africa,
xv. 637; xvii. 628.
GAFF, kind of sail, xxi. 153.
GAGATES, mineral, xm. 672.
GAGE, Thomas, English governor of
Massachusetts, x. 14; xxm. 739.
GAGERN, Hans Christoph Ernst, Baron
von, German statesman, x. 14.
GAHLAH, edentate mammal, xviu. 211.
GAHNITE, mineral, xvi. 386.
GAHN'S BLOWPIPE, in. 837.
GAIA (Oporto), ancient town, Portugal,
xvn. 796.
— , village, Paxo, Greece, xvin. 439.
GAICYN, town, Eussia, x. 16.
GAIKWAR, ruler of Barocla, India, in.
381; xv. 290.
GAILENREUTH CAVE, Germany, v. 267.
GAILLAC, town, France, x. 15.
GAILLARD, Ferdinand, French engraver,
vin. 443.
, Gabriel Henri, "French historian, X.
15-
GAINSBOROUGH, town, England, x. 15.
— , Thomas, English painter, x. 15;
xxi. 441.
GAION, or Gaia, village, Paxo, Greece,
xvin. 439.
GAIR-FOWL, or Gare-Fowl, x. 78; HI. 85,
734-
GAISERIC, or Genseric (q.v.\ king of the
Vandals, X. 159; xx. 781; xxiv. 58.
GAISSIN, town, Eussia, x. 16.
GAIUS, Eoman jurist, x. 16; xm. 794;
his diction and style, Xiv. 338; In
stitutes of, discovered by Niebiihr,
xvii. 492.
GAJ, Ljudevit, Croatian writer, xxi. 691.
GALA, river, Scotland, xxm. 673.
GALAAD, or Galahad, hero of Arthurian
romance, xx. 646, 647.
GALABAT, town, Upper Egypt, x. 17.
GALACTIN, constituent of milk, xvi. 303.
GALACTITE, mineral, xvi. 423.
GALACTOMETER, for indicating specific
gravity of milk, I. 168.
GALACZ (Galatz), town, Eoumania, x.
21.
GALAGIN^:, subfamily of lemurs, xiv.
442.
GALAHAD, or Galaad, hero of Arthurian
romance, xx. 646, 647.
GALAM, of Irish legend, xm. 244.
GALANGAL, aromatic drug, x. 17.
GALANTHUS, genus of plants, xxn. 201.
GALAOR, brother of Amadis of Gaul,
xx. 654.
GALAPAGOS ISLANDS, Pacific Ocean, x.
17; birds of, in. 747.
GALASHIELS, town, Scotland, x. 18;
xxi. 638.
GALATA, part of Constantinople, VI. 306.
GALATEA, of Greek legend, xvii. 346.
, pastoral by Cervantes, v. 351.
GALATI, ancient Gallic tribe, x. 1 1 1.
GALATIA, division, Asia Minor, x. 18;
coins of, XVII. 648; St Paul in, xvni.
419.
GALATIANS, Epistle to the, x. 19.
GALATINA, town, Italy, x. 21.
GALATZ, town, Eoumania, x. 21; xxi.
1 6.
GALAUP, Jean Frangois, French navi
gator, xiv. 298.
GALBA, Servius Sulpicius, Eoman
emperor, x. 21; xvn. 351; XX. 773;
his contest with Otho, XVIII. 65.
GALBANUM, gum-resin, x. 22.
GALBULA, genus of birds, xin. 531.
GALCHAS, race of people, Asia, xxin.
25, 636.
174
G A L — G A M
G ALDAN, convent, Tibet, xiv. 501.
, Kalmuk khan, xvi. 745.
GALE, Theophilus, English theologian,
x. 23.
, Thomas, English scholar, x. 23.
GALEAZZO, Gian, count of Pavia, xin.
478.
GALELA, to\\Ti, Jilolo, Indian Archi
pelago, XIIL 692.
GALEN, Christoph Bernhard van, prince-
bishop of Minister, x. 23.
, Claudius, ancient medical writer,
x. 23; XV. 803; as anatomist, I. 803;
on arteries and veins, xxiv. 95 ; on
the brain as the seat of intellect, xvin.
842; his surgery, xxil. 675.
GALENA, mineral, xiv. 375; xvi. 391
, town, Illinois, U.S.A., x. 24.
GALENSTOCK, mountain, Switzerland,
XXIV. II.
GALEOCERDO, genus of sharks, xxi.
776.
GALEODES, genus of Arachnida, 1 1. 280.
GALEOPITHECID^E, family of insectivor
ous mammals, xv. 401.
GALERIUS MAXIMIANUS, Eoman em
peror, xv. 644.
GALESBURG, town, Illinois, U.S.A., x.
24.
GALEUS, genus of sharks, XXI. 774.
GALGACUS, ancient British chief, iv.
353, 663; I. 290.
CALCULUS, genus of birds, xii. 696.
GALIANI, Ferdinando, Italian political
economist, x. 24; xix. 362.
GALICL\, province, Austria, x. 25; in
surrection in (1846), in. 136.
, province, Spain, x. 26; XXII. 298;
dialect of, xxn. 352.
GALIEN, Joseph, his aeronautic chimera,
i. 187.
LE RHETORE, romance, xx. 652.
GALILEE, province, Palestine, x. 27;
xvin. 171, 177.
, Sea of, Palestine, x. 29.
GALILEI, Vincenzo, father of Galileo,
x. 30; on music, xvn. 86.
GALILEO (Galileo Galilei), Italian man of
science, X. 30 ; anagram of one of his
discoveries, I. 791 ; his astronomical
discoveries, II. 753; on the rings of
Saturn, n. 811; his telescopes, xxin.
136; his thermometer, xxiu. 288; as
a writer, xin. 511.
GALIND^E, ancient tribes, Lithuania,
xiv. 701.
GALINGALE, or Galangal, aromatic drug,
x. 17.
GALIN-PARIS-CHEVE, system of musical
notation, xvn. 100.
GALITCH, town, Russia, x. 37.
GALL, Franz Joseph, Swiss anatomist
and phrenologist, X. 37; xvm. 842.
— , Theodore, on the brain, xvin.
843.
GALLA, race of people, Africa, x. 38; i.
63, 263.
GALLABAT, or Galabat, town, Upper
Egypt, x. 17.
GALLAND, Antoine, French Orientalist,
x. 37; translator of Arabian Nights,
XXIII. 318.
GALLARATE, town, Italy, x. 38.
GALLAS, or Galla, African race, x. 38;
i. 63, 263.
GALLATIN, Albert, American politician,
x. 38.
MOUNTAINS, Wyoming, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 737.
GALL-BLADDER, in anatomy, vn. 231;
surgical removal of, XXIL 691.
GALLE, J. G., on parallax, xvin. 249.
, Point cle, town, Ceylon, X. 40.
GALLEGO, dialect of Galicia, Spain,
XXIL 352.
GALLEGOS, river, Patagonia, xvm.
353-
, Spanish people, X. 26.
GALLERY, in architecture, n. 465; in
tunnelling, xxm. 622.
GALLEYS, Egyptian and Phoenician, xxi.
805.
GALL-FLY, xn. 576.
GALLIA, or Gaul (q.v.), x. in; coins of,
XVII. 635; libraries, xiv. 512.
NARBONENSIS, xiv. 287.
GALLIC ACID, x. 41; xiv. 381.
GALLICAN CHURCH, Liberties of the,
IX- 543, 55o, 578; xix. 506, 507.
GALLICANUS, Vulcatius, Augustan his
torian, in. 74.
GALLIEN, Johanna, wife of "Wyttenbach,
xxiv. 715.
GALLIENUS, P. Licinius, Roman
emperor, x. 42; XX. 776.
GALLING, group of birds, xvin. 46.
GALLINAGO, genus of birds, XXIL 200.
GALLINULA, genus of birds, xvi. 808.
GALLIC, Junius Anna? us, Roman pro
consul of Achaia, X. 42.
GALLIPOLI, town, Italy, x. 42.
, town, Turkey, x. 42.
GALLIRALLUS, genus of birds, xvn.
7^°.
GALLIREX, genus of birds, xxin. 487.
GALLIUM, chemical element, x. 43.
GALL NUTS, x. 45.
GALLO-GR^ECIA, or Galatia, Asia Minor,
x. 18.
GALLON, standard of measure, xxiv.
480.
GALLOTANNIC ACID, xxm. 48.
GALLOWAY, district, Scotland, xiv. 98;
xvn. 571; xxiv. 563.
— , Thomas, Scottish mathematician,
x. 43.
HORSE, xn. 190.
GALLS, Animal and vegetable, x. 43;
formation of, xm. 143; use of, in tan
ning, xiv. 382.
GALL'S PROCESS, in wine-making,
xxiv. 603.
GALL STONES, use of silicylate of
sodium in their treatment, xxi. 217.
GALLUPPI, Pasquale, Italian philoso
pher, x. 46.
GALLUS, genus of birds, ix. 491; xix.
644-
— , brother of theemperor Julian, xin.
768.
— , C. Cornelius, Roman poet and
orator, X. 47; reference to, in Virgil's
Georgics, xxiv. 253.
, Martin, Polish chronicler, xix.
299.
GALMEI, mineral, xvi. 410.
GALOIS, Evariste, French mathemati
cian, x. 48.
GALOUBET, musical pipe, xix. no.
GALT, town, Ontario, Canada, xvn. 775.
— , John, Scottish novelist, x. 47.
GALTCHA, or Galchas, people, Turkestan,
xxm. 25, 636.
GALTYMORE, mountain, Ireland, xm.
215; xxm. 405.
GALUPPI, Baldassare, Italian composer,
x. 48.
GALVANI, Luigi, Italian physiologist,
x. 48; his electrical discoveries, vili.
9-
GALVANIC BATTERIES, vin. 92.
GALVANISM, applied to blasting, in.
808 ; Nobili's discoveries in, xvn.
524.
GALVANIZED IRON, xm. 357.
GALVANOMETER, for measuring electric
currents, x. 49; construction of, vm.
13; differential, vin. 43; its use in
telegraphy, xxin. 116.
GALVANOTROPISM, in vegetable physio
logy, xix. 60.
GALVESTON, town, Texas, U.S.A., x.
53; xxin. 205.
GALVEZ, Bernard, Spanish governor of
New Orleans, xvn. 404.
GALWAY, county, Ireland, x. 55; popu
lation and representation, xxm. 727;
toAvn, x. 56; Queen's College at, xxin.
855.
GAMA, Vasco da, Portuguese navigator,
X. 57; his discoveries, x. 181;
doubling of Cape of Good Hope by,
V. 44 ; his expedition to India, xii.
796.
GAMALIEL, Jewish rabbis, x. 58.
GAMARRA, General, ruler in Peru, xvin.
678.
GAMASIDES, family of acarids, n. 276.
GAMBA, organ pipe, xvn. 830.
GAMBASSI, or Ghambasso, F. D. L., his
glass paintings, X. 670.
GAMBETTA, Leon, French politician, ix.
626.
GAMBIA, colony and river, "West Africa,
x. 59; i. 253; xxi. 661; birds of, ill.
759-
GAMBIER, Lord, English admiral,
x. 60.
- ISLANDS, South Pacific, xxin. 602.
GAMBIR, dyestulT, v. 220; xiv. 382.
GAMBIT, in chess, v. 593.
G A H — G A R
175
GAMBLING, Law in relation to, x. 67.
GAMBOA, Sarmiento cle, Patagonian
explorer, xvm. 353.
GAMBOGE, gum-resin, x. 60; iv. 725;
xix. 87.
GAME, Preservation of, its influence on
agriculture, I. 410; on land tenure,
xiv. 270, 276.
- FOWLS, xix. 644.
LAWS, x. 6 1 ; in relation to Sabbath
observance, XXII. 655; in Switzerland,
XXII. 777.
GAMES, Ancient, x. 63; gladiatorial, x,
632; Olympic, xvn. 766; secular, at
Rome, xxi. 618.
, Modern, their legal aspects, X. 66;
xxiv. 305.
GAMETES, reproductive cells of plants,
xx. 425.
GAMING, its legal aspects, x. 66; xxiv.
3°5-
GAMLIEL, or Gamaliel, Jewish rabbis,
x. 58.
GAMMA FUNCTION, Tables of, xxm. 14.
GAMMER GURTON'S NEEDLE, Still's
comedy, VII. 428; XXII. 550; Skelton's
song in, XXI I. 120.
GAMOGENESIS, sexual generation, in.
686.
GAMPO, Srong Tsan, Tibetan king, xiv.
228.
GAMUT, in music, xvn. 80.
GAND (Ghent, q.v.\ town, Belgium, x.
562.
GANDAK, river, Nepal, xvn. 340.
GANDER, river, Newfoundland, xvn.
382.
GANDERSHEIM, town and abbey, Ger
many, x. 67 ; the nun of (Hros-
vitha), writer, xil. 326.
GANDIA, town, Spain, x. 67.
— , Duke of (Francis Borgia), ix. 694.
GANDO, kingdom, Soudan, Africa, x.
67; xxii. 279.
GANDY, William, English painter, xx.
502.
GANELON, of the Roland legends, xx.
626.
GANGANELLI, Giovanni V. A. (Pope
Clement XIV.), v. 823.
GANGES, river, India, x. 68; xn. 732;
xvii. 572; canal, n. 222; valley, in.
562.
GANGI, town, Italy, x. 68.
GANGLIA, nerve centres, I. 858; xix.
37; in sympathetic nervous system,
I. 883; in Mollusca, xvi. 637, 643.
GANGOH, town, India, xxi. 152.
GANGOTRI, place of pilgrimage, India,
x. 69.
GANGPUR, state, India, x. 69; v. 768.
GANGRA, town, Asia Minor, xvm.
228.
GANGRENE, disease, xvi. 849; treatment
of, xxn. 683.
GANG-SAWS, xxi. 344.
GANGUE, matrix of ores, xvi. 59.
GAN-HWUY, province, China, v. 635.
GANI, islands, Ladrones, South Pacific,
xiv. 199.
GANILH, Charles, French political
economist, x. 69.
GANJA, or Bhang, plant, in. 627; XL
648.
GANJAM, district, India, x. 69.
GAN-KING, town. China, v. 635.
GANNAL, Jean Nicolas, French chemist,
x. 70.
GANNAT, town, France, x. 70.
GANNET, bird, x. 70.
GANOIDEI, or Ganoids, group of fishes,
I. 275; XIL 686; in Lankester's classi
fication, xxiv. 812.
CANS, Edward, German j urist, x. 7 1 .
GANSBACHER, Johann Baptist, Tyrolese
musical composer, x. 72.
GANSHA, town, Russia, vin. 146.
GANYMEDE, in Greek mythology, x. 72.
, Rape of, sculpture by Leochares,
xiv. 454.
GAOLS, prisons, xix. 747; discipline of,
xix.. 747; Mrs Fry's reforms, IX. 805;
Howard's, xn. 320.
GAP, town, France, x. 72.
GARA, Lough, Ireland, xx. 850; xxn.
159.
GARAMA (Germa), ancient town, Africa,
ix. 130.
GARASSE, Francois, French Jesuit, IX.
661.
GARAT, Dominique Joseph, French
writer, x. 73.
— , Pierre Jean, French composer and
singer, X. 73.
GARAY, Janos, Hungarian poet and his
torian, x. 73; XIL 378.
GARAYE, La, chateau at Dinan, France,
vn 242.
GARBO, Raffaellino del, Italian painter,
x- 73-
GARCAO, Pedro Antonio Correa, Portu
guese poet, x. 74.
GARCIA, town, Mexico, xxiv. 761.
— , king of Galicia, Spain, I. 615.
— , Adolfo, Peruvian poet, XVIII. 676.
— , Andres de Cespedes, Spanish
geographer, xvn. 253.
, Manoel, Spanish composer and
singer, x. 74.
— , Vicens, Catalan writer, xxn. 364.
DE SILVA, Don, Spanish envoy to
Persia, xvm. 638.
GARCILASO DE LA VEGA, Spanish
soldier and poet, x. 74. See Vega.
GARCILASO INCA DE LA VEGA, Spanish
historian, X. 74.
GARCINIA, genus of trees, x. 60; XV.
481.
GARCZYNSKI, Stephen, poet of the
Ukraine, xix. 305.
CARD, department, France, x. 75.
GARDA, Lake of, Italy, x. 75; xin.
440.
GARDAIA, town, North Africa, x. 76.
GARDELEGEN, or Gardeleben, town,
Prussia, x. 76.
GARDEN CALENDAR, xn. 290.
GARDEN CITY, Long Island, New York,
U.S.A., xiv. 866.
GARDENING, Science and practice of,
XII. 211.
GARDIE, Count de la, Swedish general
and chancellor, xxn. 748.
GARDINER, town, Maine, U.S.A., x.
76.
, Colonel James, Scottish soldier, X.
76.
, Stephen, bishop of Winchester,
lord chancellor, x. 76; VIII. 333, 339.
GARE-FOWL, or Great Auk, x. 78; in.
85, 734-
GARESSIO, Garesso, or Garezzo, town,
Italy, x. 80.
GARFIELD, James Abram, president of
United States, xxm. 785, 788.
GAR-FISH, x. 80.
GAR-FOWL, or Gare-Fowl (q.v.), x. 78.
GARGANEY, bird, x. 80.
GARGANO, Monte, mountain,'Jtaly, xin.
439-
GARGANTUA, Rabelais's work, ix. 652;
xx. 194, 196.
GARGARUS, Mount, Asia Minor, n. 706.
GARGOYLE, in architecture, n. 465.
GARGUNNOCK HILLS, Scotland, xxn.
553-
GARHAKOTA, town, India, xxi. 146.
GARHWAL, district, India, x. 80; xvn.
572.
GARIBALDI, Giuseppe, Italian liberator,
xin. 487, 489; his defence of Rome,
xx. 807; his expedition to Sicily and
Naples, IX. 625.
GARIN DE MONTGLANE, romance, xx.
651.
GARIOCH, district of Scotland, i. 44.
GARIOPONTUS, mediaeval writer on
medicine, XV. 806.
GARLANDE, Mathilde de, founder of
Port Royal abbey, XIX. 533.
GARLIC, plant, x. 81; xn. 283.
GARLIESTOWN, town, Scotland, xxiv.
562.
GARMENTS, vi. 453.
GARNERIN, Jacques, French aeronaut, i.
200.
GARNET, precious stone, x. 81, 228;
xvi. 411.
GARNIER, Germain, French political
economist, x. 82; Xix. 395.
, J. J., his method of working nickel,
xvn. 487.
, Marie Joseph Frangois, French
officer and explorer, x. 82; iv. 624;
xxiv. 441.
-, Robert, French dramatist, vn. 423;
ix. 652.
GARNIERITE, mineral, xvn. 487.
GARNISHES, in law, in. 51.
GAROFALO, II (Benvenuto Tisio),
Italian painter, xxm. 409.
176
G A E — G A V
GARONNE, river, France, x. 83; ix. 506;
at Toulouse, xxm. 484.
, Haute, department, France, x. 83.
GAR-PIKE, fish, xn. 687.
GARRETT, J. B. de Almeida, Portuguese
poet, xix. 557.
GARRICK, David, English actor, x. 83;
his influence 011 English drama, VII.
437-
GARRISON, William Lloyd, American
abolitionist, x. 85; xvn. 433; xxn.
142; xxm. 767.
ARTILLERY, n. 664, 668.
LIBRARIES, of British army, n.
586.
GARROD, Alfred Henry, on birds, xvili.
39-
GARRULUS, genus of birds, xm. 610.
GARSAURITIS, region, Asia Minor, v. 75.
GARTER, principal king at arms, XL 687.
, Order of the, xiv. 122.
GARTH, Sir Samuel, English poet, x.
87.
GARUA, mists, Peru, XVIIL 670.
GARUDA, fabulous Indian bird, xx.
6n.
GARUMNA (Garonne), ancient river,
France, x. 83.
GARVIE, fish, xxn. 432; fisheries, ix.
262.
GARVOGUE, river, Ireland, xxil. 159.
GARVOLIN, town, Russian Poland, xxn.
37-
GARZ, town, Eiigen, Prussia, XXL 57.
GAS, or Coal Gas, for lighting, x. 87;
Murdock's discovery of the applica
tion of, xvii. 53; as fuel, XXIL 182;
fuel for iron smelting, XIII. 293; for
lighthouses, xiv. 627; vitiation of air
by the burning of, xxiv. 158; natural,
in United States, XXIII. 813.
GASALAND, Africa, Languages of, xxiv.
828.
GAS-BURNERS, x. 97.
GAS-CARBON, v. 399.
GASCOIGNE, George, English poet, x. 103.
, Sir William, English chief justice,
X. 103.
, William, inventor of the micro
meter, xvi. 242; XXIIL 136.
GASCONY, province, France, x. 103.
GAS-ENGINES, xxu. 523.
GASES, defined, vi. 310; absorption
of, in plants, XIX. 45; in coal-mines,
VI. 72; xvi. 459; density of, xn.
460; diffusion of, VII. 215; diffusion
rate of, XL 33; dilatation of, in. 35;
Gay-Lussac on dilatation of, x. 122;
elasticity of, vil. 801; Eegnault on
expansibility of, xx. 347; expansion
of, by heat, XL 574; laws of, v. 468;
XXII. 479; liquefaction of, vni. 732;
magnetism of, xv. 263; molecular
laws of, xvi. 611; molecular theory,
ill. 38; physical properties of, xix.
240; poisonous, Xix. 279; volcanic, x.
241; waste, from furnaces, xm. 307.
GASFITTING, iv. 510.
GAS FURNACE, ix. 844.
GAS HARMONICON, i. 115.
GASKELL, Mrs, English novelist, x.
103.
GAS-LIGHTING, x. 87; introduced by
Accum, I. 92.
GASOLENE, or Gasoline, paraffin and
petroleum product, XVIIL 242, 719.
GASPARIN, Count Agenor de, French
spiritualist, xxil. 407.
GASPARINO, of Barziza, Italian Latin
writer, xiv. 342.
GAS-POISONING, xv. 781.
GAS-PYROMETRY, xx. 129.
GASSENDI, Pierre, French philosopher,
x. 105; IX. 660; on evolution, vni.
758.
GASSNER, Joseph, German magnetizer,
xv. 277.
CAST, Luc de, trouvere of English birth,
xx. 644.
GASTEIN, valley, Salzburg, Austria, x.
107; mineral springs of, xvi. 433; con
vention of (1865), X. 511.
GASTEROMYCETES, suborder of Fungi,
ix. 833.
GASTEROPODS, group of Mollusca, xxn.
187.
GASTEROSTOMIM:, family of trematode
worms, xxm. 539.
GAS-THERMOMETER, xx. 130.
GASTON I.-IV., counts of Foix, ix. 354.
, Jean Baptiste, duke of Orleans,
xvn. 852.
GASTRIC CATARRH, disease, xxn. 574.
GASTRIC FEVER, xxm. 678 ; in the
horse, xxiv. 203.
GASTRIC JUICE, xvn. 673, 675.
GASTROPODA, class of Mollusca, xvi.
641; in Lankester's classification,
xxiv. 813.
GASTROSTEUS, genus of fishes, xxn.
548.
GASTRULA, stage of animal embryo, n.
51; vni. 747-
GASTRUS EQUI, animal parasite, xxiv.
205.
GASZYNSKI, C., Polish poet, xix. 304.
GATAKER, Thomas, English divine, x.
107.
GATCHINA, town, Russia, x. 108; XXL
190.
GATE-HOUSE, in architecture, n. 465.
GATEHOUSE, town, Scotland, xiv. 98.
GATES, Horatio, American general, x.
108; xxm. 744.
GATESHEAD, town, England, x. 108.
GATES OF LIGHT, Kabbalistic work,
xin. 813.
GATH, town of the Philistines, x. 108;
XVIIL 755.
GATHAS, Zoroastrian hymns, xxiv. 775,
777-
GATINAIS, district, France, xiv. 809.
GATINE, part of Deux-Scvres, France,
XXL 710.
CATLING GUN, XL 285; xvn. 286.
GATTY, Mrs Alfred (Aunt Judy), Eng
lish tale- writer, x. 109.
GAUCHOS, class of people, Argentine
Republic, n. 493.
GAUDEN, John, bishop of Exeter, x.
109.
GAUDICHAUD - BEAUPRE, Charles,
French botanist, X. 109.
GAUDUS (Gozo), island, Mediterranean,
xv. 341.
GAUERMANN, Friedrich, Austrian paint
er, x. 109.
GAUGAIN, J. M., his electrical researches,
vni. 37; his discharging electroscope,
vni. 118.
GAUGAMELA, Mesopotamia, Battle of
(331 B.C.), I. 482; xv. 140; XVIIL
582.
GAUGE, for comparative measurement,
x. no.
, Pressure, xv. 494.
•, Railway, xx. 241, 253.
GAUGES, Battle of the, for English rail
ways, iv. 397.
GAUGING, of casks, xvi. 28.
GAUHATI, town, Assam, India, x. in.
GAUL, ancient country from Rhine to
Pyrenees, x. 1 1 1 ; Caesar's invasion of,
iv. 636; under Rome, xx. 774, 776,
778, 781; coins of, xvii. 635; inhabit
ants, IX. 527; language, v. 297; libra
ries, xiv. 512.
GAULONITIS, province, Bashan, in. 410.
GAULS, their attacks on Rome, xx. 740,
743; of Northern Italy, xm. 446;
under Brennus, iv. 257; in Asia
Minor, X. 19.
GAULUS (Gozo), island, Mediterranean
Sea, xv. 341.
GAUMATA, the False Smerdis, Persian
usurper, XVIIL 568.
GAUNT, John of, duke of Lancaster,
vin. 319, 327, 328; xiv. 255; his
patronage of Wycliffe, xxiv. 709.
GAUNTLET, armoured glove, x. 692.
GAUR, mediaival town, Bengal, India,
x. 112.
GAUSS, Carl Friedrich, German mathe
matician, x. 1 1 6; on determinants, I.
516; his force function, v. 57; on the
distribution of magnetism, xv. 228,
237, 249; on map projection, x. 207;
on the theory of parallels, XVIIL 255.
GAUSSEN, F. S. R. Louis, Swiss theo
logian, x. 1 1 6.
GAUSSIAN LOGARITHMS, xiv. 777;
tables of, xxm. 12.
GAUTAMA, Siddhartha, the Buddha, iv.
426.
GAUTIER, Theophile, French writer, x.
117; ix. 677.
GAUZE, woven fabric, X. 118.
GAVARNI (S. G. Chevalier), French cari
caturist, x. 118; v. 105.
GAVARNIE, district, France, xx. 125,
127.
A Y — G E N
177
GAVE DE PAU, river, France, XVIII. 414;
xx. 126.
GAVELKIND, system of land tenure,
England, x. 119; v. 800; xix. 733;
xx. 305, 307; in Ireland, xin. 218.
GAVESTON, Piers, earl of Cornwall, vn.
683; vin. 313.
GAVLE, group of birds, xvin. 45.
GAVIAL, Indian crocodile, vi. 593.
GAVRE, Prince of (Lamoral Egmont),
vii. 699.
GAVRILOVSK, town, Russia, xxiv. 271.
GAWLER, town, South Australia, xxn.
284.
GAY, Delphine (Madame E. de Girardin),
French writer, x. 621.
— , John, English poet, X. 119; xvin.
347-
— , Marie Franchise, French authoress,
X. 120.
GAYA, district and town, India, x. 120.
• HARBOUR, British North Borneo,
xxi. 123.
GAY - LUSSAC, Joseph Louis, French
physicist and chemist, x. 121; his
balloon experiments, I. 194; on fer
mentation, IX. 93; on the combinations
of gases, v. 465; his experiments on
prussic acid, xx. 22 ; his process of
silver assaying, II. 727.
GAYLUSSITE, mineral, xvi. 399; xxn.
240.
GAYSIN, town, Russia, xix. 254.
GAZA, town of the Philistines, Palestine,
x. 124; xviil. 755; battle of (1244),
xxin. 161.
, Theodorus, Greek scholar, x. 125.
GAZELLE, antelope, n. 101.
GAZETTE, London, official newspaper, x.
125; establishment of, xvn. 415.
— DE FRANCE, newspaper, xvn. 423.
GAZUL, Clara, her alleged dramatic
works (MerimeVs), XVI. 37.
GCALEKALAND, district of Kaffraria,
South Africa, xm. 817.
GDOFF, town, Russia, xxi. 190.
GEAN TREE, wild cherry, v. 586.
GEARKSUTITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
GEBAL (Jebeil), ancient town, Syria,
xm. 613.
BARKAL, Ethiopia, Pyramids of,
xx. 124.
GEBER (Abu Musa Dschabir), early
chemist, x. 125; his discoveries, I. 464.
AL-BATANI (Al-Battani, q.v.\ Ara
bian astronomer, II. 751.
— B. AFLAH, Arabian astronomer,
xxin. 562.
GEBIR, Lander's poem, xiv. 278.
GEBIROL, Ibn (Avicebron, q.v.), Jewish
writer, in. 152; xm. 814; xxi. 426.
GEBWEILER, town, Alsace, Germany, x.
126.
GECINUS, genus of birds, xxiv. 651.
GECKOS, GECKOTID^E, family of lizards,
x. 126; xiv. 734, 737.
GED, William, printer, x. 127.
GEDDES, Alexander, Scottish Biblical
critic, x. 127.
, Jenny, originator of uproar against
Scottish liturgy, xxi. 512.
GEDROSIA, Parthian satrapy, xvin. 586.
GEDYMIN, king of Lithuania, xiv.
702.
GEEL, or Gheel, town, Belgium, x.
562.
GEELONG, town, Victoria, Australia, x.
128.
GEELVINK BAY, New Guinea, xvn. 386.
GEESE, poultry, x. 777; xix. 647.
GEEST, district, Oldenburg, Germany,
xvn. 757.
GEESTEMUNDE, town, Germany, x. 128.
GEEZ, language of Abyssinia, I. 64; vin.
612; xxi. 654.
GEEZEH, Ghizeh, or Gizeh, Egypt,
Pyramids of, II. 385; vii. 771; xx.
123.
GEFLE, town, Sweden, x. 128; xxii.
742.
GEFLEBORG, county, Sweden, xxn. 741.
GEGEN KHAN, Mongol ruler, xvi. 742.
GEHENNA, in eschatology, vin. 536.
GEHLENITE, mineral, xvi. 412.
GEIB, John, pianoforte maker, xix. 74.
GEIBEL, Emmanuel, German lyrist, x.
546.
GEIGE, musical instrument, xxiv. 242.
GEIGER, Abraham, Jewish scholar and
theologian, x. 128.
GEIJER, Erik Gustav, Swedish historian,
x. 129; xxii. 757.
GEIKIE, Walter, Scottish subject painter,
x. 129.
GEILER, or Geyler, Johann, of Kaisers-
berg, German preacher, x. 129.
GEISERS (Geysers, q.v.), x. 556.
GEISSHAUSLER, Oswald, Swiss Reformer,
xx. 331.
GEISSLER, Heinrich, German physicist,
x. 130; his mercurial air-pump, XVI.
3°-
- TUBE, vin. 64; xix. 229.
GEIST DER ZEIT, by Arndt, 11. 622.
GELA (Terranuova), ancient town, Sicily,
x. 130; xxn. 16; coins of, xvn. 639.
GELASIUS I., pope, x. 130; xix. 492;
as hymn-writer, xil. 582.
— II., pope, x. 130.
GELATIN, x. 130; v. 579; use of, in
photography, xvin. 828.
, Blasting, or Nitroglycerin, xvn.
520.
GELATINIGERA, order of Protozoa, xix.
859.
GELBEISENERZ, mineral, xvi. 402.
GELDERLAND, ancient duchy, Germany,
XL 243.
GELDERN, or Guelders, town, Rhenish
Prussia, XI. 244.
GELEE, Claude (Claude of Lorraine, q.v.),
French painter, v. 814.
GELELE, chief of Dahomey, vi. 766.
GELIMER, Vandal king, xxiv. 59.
CELL, Sir William, English scholar and
antiquary, X. 134.
GELLERT, Christian Fiirchtegott, Ger
man writer, x. 134, 533; as hymn-
writer, xn. 588.
GELLIUS, Aulus, author of the Noctes
Atticse, x. 135; his diction and style,
xiv. 338.
GELON, tyrant of Syracuse, x. 135;
XXII. 16, 814; coins of, xvn. 638.
GELONUS, Grecian settlement, Russia,
xxi. 575.
GELSEMIUM, plant and drug, x. 135;
xin. 596.
GEM, x. 136.
GEMATRIA, in Mishnah and Kabbalah,
xvn. 626.
GEMBLOURS, Belgium, Battle of (1578),
ix. 37; xin. 718.
GEMEINDE, Prussian administrative
division, xx. 18.
GEMEL RINGS, xx. 561.
GEMEN, Godfrey de, on Gothland sea
laws, xxi. 585.
GEMETICUM (Jumieges), France, Abbey
of, xin. 772.
GEMINIANI, Francesco, Italian violinist,
x. 136.
GEMISTUS, or Pletho, Georgius, Byzan
tine scholar, X. 136.
GEMMAE, of plants, xx. 423.
GEMMA FRISIUS, on navigation, xvn.
251.
GEMMATION, Reproduction by, in
ascidians, xxin. 617; in corals, VI.
373-
GEMOT, assembly of the township, in
early England, IV. 62.
GEMS, Engraved, X. 136; engraving of,
Xiv. 298; in rings, xx. 560; Etruscan,
vin. 640; Greek, n. 353, 358, 363;
Roman, n. 366.
GEMSBOK, antelope, x. 141.
GENAUNI, Rhsetian people, xx. 505.
GENDARMERIE, French police, x. 142.
GENEALOGY, x. 142.
GENELLI, Giovanni Buonaventura, Ger
man artist, X. 145.
GENERAL AVERAGE, xin. 187 ; in
maritime insurance, in. 145.
GENERAL BOUNCE, Whyte Melville's
novel, xv. 844.
GENERATION, in biology, x. 146; in.
687; xx. 407; of molluscs, xvi. 637,
682; of mosses, xvn. 70; of tape
worms, xxin. 52; Harvey's work on,
xi. 505; Oken's theory of, xvn. 750.
— , Spontaneous, I. 49; Lamarck on,
xiv. 232 ; Leeuwenhoek's refutation
of, xiv. 411.
GENES (Genoa, q.v.), town, Italy, x. 1 54.
GENESEE, river, New York, U.S.A.,
xvn. 451 ; xx. 614; Portage bridge
across, iv. 328.
GENESIS, Book of, xvin. 505; the idea
of God in, xxin. 236; Philo's com
mentary on, xvin. 762.
XXV. — 23
178
G E N — G E 0
GENESIS, Little, Jewish apocalyptic
book, II. 176.
OF MAN, ii. no.
GENESIUS, Byzantine historian, IV. 613.
GENESTET, Pieter Augustus de, Dutch
writer, XII. 98.
GENET, or Genette, carnivorous mammal,
x. 146; xv. 436.
GENEVA, canton, Switzerland, x. 146 ;
XXII. 778, 794-
, town, Switzerland, x. 147; xxii.
778; observatory, xvn. 713; univer
sity, xxm. 851 ; Calvin's settlement
at, IV. 717 ; his church organization
at, XIX. 678; Voltaire's residence at,
xxiv. 290.
, town, New York, U.S.A., x. 152.
, Lake of, Switzerland, x. 151; xiv.
217; xxii. 776.
BIBLE, vm. 387.
CONVENTION, of 1864 and 1868, x.
152; i. 666; xin. 195; of 1872, ii.
GENEVIEVE, St, patroness of Paris, x.
152; church of, xvm. 276.
DE BRABANT, romance, xx. 659.
GENF (Geneva, q.v.), town, Switzerland,
x. 147.
GENOA, Annibale della (Pope Leo. XII.),
xiv. 452.
, Bernardin, on surgical anatomy, I.
815.
, Girolamo, Italian painter and
architect, X. 152.
GENIUS, in Greek mythology, xv. 478.
OF CHRISTIANITY, by Chateau
briand, v. 437.
GENLIS, Comtesse de, French authoress,
x. 153.
GENNADIUS, Byzantine patriarch and
scholar, X. 153.
GENNARGENTU, mountain, Sardinia,
xxi. 307.
GENNARO, San (St Januarius), xin. 568.
GENNESARET, Lake of, Palestine, x. 29.
GENOA, town, Italy, x. 154; Doria's
deliverance of, vn. 366 ; its struggles
with Pisa, XIX. 119; contests with
Venice, xin. 479; xxiv. 144; coins
of, xvii. 657; doge of, vil. 332;
libraries, Xiv. 548 ; Voragine's chronicl e
of, xxiv. 297.
GENOVA, Luchetto da, Italian painter,
x. 158.
GENOVEFA, St (St Genevieve), patroness
of Paris, x. 152.
GENOVESI, Antonio, Italian philosopher
and economist, x. 158; xix. 362.
GENSERIC, or Gaiseric, king of the
Vandals, x. 159; xx. 781; xxiv. 58;
his defeat of Leo III., xiv. 452;
opposed by Majorianus, xv. 311.
GENTIAN, plant, x. 159.
GENTILESCHI, Artemisia and Orazio de,
Italian painters, x. 160.
GENTILI, Alberico, Italian jurist, x. 160.
GENTILLY, town, France, x. 161.
GENTIOPICRIN, bitter principle of gen
tian, x. 1 60.
GENTIUM, Jus, in Roman law, xx. 695.
GENTIUS, Illyrian king, xil. 710.
GENTLEMAN, use of the title, xvn. 524;
xix. 664; in chivalry, xiv. 117, 119.
GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, xin. 721;
xvm. 537 ; originated by Edward
Cave, v. 271 ; under Nichols, xvn. 486.
GENTLE SHEPHERD, Allan Ramsay's
poem, vil. 437; xvm. 347; xx. 266.
GENTRY, social class, xvn. 524, 529.
GENTZ, Friedrich von, German writer
and statesman, x. 1 6 1 ; on the balance
of power in Europe, ill. 268.
GENUATES, Ligurian tribe/ xiv. 640.
GENUCIAN LAW, Roman, xx. 68 1.
GENUS, in classification, xxii. 372 ;
xxiv. 78.
GEOCICHLA, genus of birds, xxm. 322.
GEOCRONITE, mineral, xvi. 395.
GEODEPHAGA, group of beetles, vi.
129.
GEODESIC LINES, in geometry, xxii.
671.
GEODESY, x. 163; vn. 597; xv. 522,659;
xxii. 696, 701; Legendre's papers and
theorem, xiv. 414.
GEODETIC SURVEYS, xv. 522.
GEOFFREY, count of Anjou, the first
Plantagenet, xix. 175.
MALATERRA, early chronicler, xvii.
547-
OF MONMOUTH, English chronicler,
x. 172; vm. 407; xx. 643; his chro
nicle of Arthur, ii. 651; his writings,
v- 3i5-
GEOFFROY, Julien Louis, French journa
list, xvn. 426.
SAINT-HILAIRE, Etienne, French
naturalist, x. 173; xvi. 839.
— SAINT-HILAIRE, Isidore, French
zoologist, x. 174.
GEOGALE, genus of insectivorous mam
mals, xv. 404.
GEOGNOSY, x. 220.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, of ani
mals, in. 684; VIL 267; of plants, vil
286.
GEOGRAPHY, x. 175; ancient, xv. 516;
of Mela, xv. 832; of Ptolemy, xx.
91; of Strabo, XXII. 581; relation of
geodesy to, X. 163; relation of numis
matics to, XVII. 629; D'Anville's con
tributions to, vi. 82 1 ; Marco Polo's,
xix. 408; Pytheas's, xx. 143; Rennell's,
XX. 399; Ritter's, XX. 570; Varenius's,
XXIV. 69; Edrisi's work on, vn. 670;
geographical societies, xxii. 228.
GEOID, deformed surface, in surveying,
XXII. 708.
GEOK-TEPE, town, Transcaspian Region,
Russia, xxm. 512.
GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION, of animals,
vn. 281.
GEOLOGY, x. 212 (index, 375); relation
of archaeology to, ii. 333; of mining,
xvi. 440; of ocean formations, xvm.
127; of petroleum, xvm. 714; Buck-
land's researches in, IV. 420; De la
Beche's contributions to, vn. 39 ;
Deluc's, vn. 53; Lyell's, xv. 101 ;
Macculloch's, xv. 134; Mantell's, xv.
503; Hugh Miller's, XVI. 319; Murchi-
son's, xvn. 50; Phillips's, xvm. 758;
Saussure's, xxi. 324; William Smith's,
xxii. 178; Werner's, xxiv. 502; geo
logical societies, xxii. 225.
GEOMETRIC SERIES, xxi. 678.
GEOMETRY, x. 376; pure, x. 376; analy
tical, x. 408 ; application of the cal
culus to, xin. 5; of curves, vi. 716;
dimensions in, vil. 240; drawings and
models for, xv. 628 ; application of
functions in, IX. 818; its place in
mathematics, xv. 629 ; as applied to
measurement, xv. 659 ; theory of
parallels in, xvm. 254; as known to
Ptolemy, xx. 88; use of, in surveying,
xxii. 696; of Apollonius of Perga, n.
1 88; Euclid's, vm. 655; Pythagorean,
XX. 139; Boetius on, ill. 857; Gerbert's
contributions to, xxii. 76; Leonardo
of Pisa's, xix. 125; Pappus of Alex
andria's, xvm. 230; Pliicker's, xix.
228 ; Poncelot's, Xix. 452 ; Henry J.
S. Smith's, xxii. 173; Steiner's, xxii.
531; Thaks's, XXill. 218; Theodo-
sius's, XXill. 260.
— , Descriptive, XIX. 800.
- , Elements of, by Legendre, XIV.
414.
, family of rodent mammals,
xv. 419.
GEONOMA, genus of palms, xvm. 189,
190.
GEORAMA GLOBES, x. 683.
GEORDIE LAMP, for mines, vi. 72.
GEORGE, St, patron saint of England,
X. 429.
- (of Podiebrad), king of Bohemia,
xix. 253.
- I., king of Great Britain and Ire
land, x. 420; vm. 354.
- II., x. 421; vm. 355,
— III., x. 423; vm. 356; his dislike
of Fox, IX. 497; his favour for Lord
North, xvii. 554; parliament under,
xvm. 308; his support of Pitt, xix.
140.
— IV., x. 427; vm. 365.
- V., king of Hanover, XI. 448.
-, prince of Denmark, husband of
Queen Anne, II. 62.
— of Amboise, archbishop of Rouen,
ix. 554.
— , bishop of the Arab tribes, Syriac
writer, XXII. 841.
— of Beelthan, Syriac writer, xxii.
842.
— of Cappadocia, Arian archbishop
of Alexandria, x. 429.
of Kaphra, Syriac writer, XXII.
843.
G E O — G E R
179
GEORGE of Martyropolis, Syriac writer,
xxn. 841.
of Mosul and Arbel, Syriac writer,
xxn. 849.
of Pisidia, Byzantine writer, x.
429; XI. 145.
of Trebizond, Aristotelian writer,
x. 430.
, J. F. L., on the Pentateuch, XVIII.
505, 508.
GEORGE, Kara, (Czerny George), liber
ator of Servia, vi. 755; xxi. 689.
• , Lake, New York, U.S.A.,xvn. 451.
— DANDIN, Moliere's play, xvi. 629.
GEORGENAMA, Persian book, xvm.
657.
GEORGE SAND (Madame Dudevant),
French novelist, VII. 507.
GEORGETOWN, town, Prince Edward
Island, Canada, xix. 740.
, town, British Guiana, x. 430.
— , town, Penang, Malay Peninsula,
xix. 741.
-, town, District of Columbia, U.S.A.,
GERARD, founder of Knights Hospital
lers, x. 439; xxi. 174.
of Cremona, Italian writer, x. 439.
, John, English herbalist and sur
geon, x. 441; on the potato, xix. 594.
OF ROUSSILLON, Provencal poem,
x. 430; observatory, xvil. 715.
, town, South Carolina, U.S.A.,
XXII. 288.
GEORGE WILLIAM, elector of Branden
burg, xx. 6.
GEORGIA, country of Transcaucasia,
Russia, X. 431; xxill. 514; wav with
Persia (1783), xvm. 646.
, State, U.S.A., x. 434; popula
tion, xxill. 802; colony of, xxill.
729.
, Gulf of, North America, xvm.
116.
GEORGIAN ISLANDS, Tahiti Archipelago,
XXIII. 22.
GEORGIAN LANGUAGE, or Karthli, x.
433; dictionaries of, vn. 190.
GEORGIANS, race of people, Transcau
casia, v. 257; x. 433.
GEORGICS, of Virgil, xxiv. 252.
GEORGIEVSK, town, Russia, xxm. 186.
GEORGINA, district, Queensland, xx.
172.
GEORGIUS of Pisidia, Greek writer, x.
429; xi. 145.
GEORGSWALDE, town, Bohemia, x. 438.
GEORTCHA, or Koritsa, town, Turkey,
xiv. 141.
GEOTROPISM, in vegetable physiology,
xix. 59.
GEPHYREA, order of Annelida, n. 70.
GEPIDTE, ancient Germanic tribe, xiv.
813.
GERA, town, Germany, x. 438; xx. 494.
GERACE, town, Italy, x. 439.
GERALDINES, noble family of Ireland,
ix. 271.
GERALDTON, town, "Western Australia,
xxiv. 507.
GERANDO, Marie Joseph de, French
philosopher, vn. 31.
GERANIUM, plant, x. 439; xn. 251.
GERARD (Pope Nicholas II.), xvn. 483.
Xix. 875.
G ERAR D, Etienne Maurice, Count, French
general, X. 440.
, FranQois, Baron, French painter, X.
440.
— , Jean Ignace Isidore, French cari
caturist, x. 440.
— DE NERVAL, French writer, x. 441.
— DE RIDERFORT, grand-master of
Knights Templars, xxm. 161.
D'EUPHRATE, romance, xx. 653.
GERARDMER, town, France, xxiv. 299.
GERARDUS MAGNUS (Gerhard Groot),
founder of Brethren of the Common
Life, xi. 207; xvi. 711; xvn. 134.
GERASA (Gerash), ancient town, Pales
tine, x. 441.
GERBA, island, North Africa, x. 442.
GERBE, in pyroteclmy, xx. 136.
GERBER, Ernst Ludwig, German musi
cian, x. 442.
GERBERON, Gabriel, Jansenist monk, x.
442.
GERBERT (Pope Silvester II.), xxn. 74;
archbishop of Rheims, ix. 536; as
scholastic philosopher, xxi. 42 1 ; on
numerals, xvn. 627.
— , Martin, German writer on music,
x. 442.
GERENIS TCHAI, river, Asia Minor, n.
708.
GEREZ, mountains, Portugal, xix. 536.
GERHARD I.-I II., dukes of Guelderland,
xi. 243.
, Friedrich Wilhelm Eduard, Ger
man archaeologist, x. 442.
— , Hubert, German sculptor, XXI.
566.
— , Johann, Lutheran theologian, x.
443-
GERHARDT, Charles Frederic, French
chemist, x. 443; on atomic notation,
v. 466.
, Paul, German hymn-writer, X.
443> 53o; xn. 587:
GERICAULT, Jean Louis, French painter,
x. 444.
GERIZIM, Mount, Palestine, x. 444; xxi.
244.
GERLSDORFER SPITZE, Carpathian
Mountains, v. 126.
GERM, in biology, defined, vm. 746; its
capability of development, in. 42;
xxiv. 815. See Germ Theory, below.
— , magazine of the Pre-Raphaelites,
xx. 858.
GERMAN CATHOLICS, x. 444.
GERMAN DICTIONARY, Adelung's, i.
152.
GERMAN DIET (Reichstag), vn. 199.
GERMAN DRAMA, vu. 440.
GERMAN EMPERORS, in Italy, xni.
469.
GERMAN FLUTE, xxm. 519.
GERMAN i A, Tacitus's work, xxm.
20.
GERMANICOPOLIS, town, Paphlagonia,
Asia Minor, xvm. 228.
GERMAN [cus, Caesar, Roman general, x.
445; I. 419; triumphal arch of, at
Saintes, xxi. 167.
GERMAN LANGUAGE, x. 514; diction
aries of, VII. 187; Grimm's works on,
XI. 200.
GERMAN LITERATURE, x. 522.
GERMAN MEASLES, disease, xv. 658.
GERMAN OCEAN, xvn. 563.
GERMAN REFORMED CHURCH, Ame
rica, xix. 701.
GERMAN SILVER, x. 446; xvn. 488.
GERMANS, The, in Gaul, ix. 528.
GERMANY, x. 447 (index, 546); Caesar's
invasion of, IV. 636; its extent under
Charlemagne, v. 403; under the Ferdi
nands, IX. 77; war with France (1870),
ix. 627; war of liberation (1809), xvn.
214; Metternich's policy towards, XVI.
200; relations with the popedoni, i6th
century, XX. 324; the Renaissance in,
xx. 388; Stein's policy, xxn. 531;
under William I., emperor, XXIV. 582;
academies of science in, I. 71; Gothic
architecture, n. 431; army, II. 593;
arsenals, n. 634; revival of art in, vi.
422; artillery service, II. 658, 660, 665;
banking, ill. 341 ; credit banks, vi.
21 4) 339! birds, xvm. 17; coalfields,
vi. 56; coins, xvn. 658; diet, vn. 199;
drama, vn. 440 ; Fehmgerichte, ix.
63; forests, ix. 400; history, x. 473;
Jews in, xni. 680; language, X. 514;
xvm. 785; libraries, xiv. 513, 526,
546; literature, x. 522; mineral pro
ducts, xvi. 468; national debt, xvn.
246; navy, xvn. 299; newspapers,
xvn. 428; observatories, xvn. 712;
opium cultivation, xvi I. 792 ; oyster
culture, xvm. 108; periodical litera
ture, xvm. 540; police system, xix.
343; post office, XIX. 583; Presbyterian
Church, xix. 697; prison system, xix.
760; railways, xx. 251; Reichstag,
vn. 199; technical schools, XXin. 108;
ancient tenure of land, XIV. 261,
263; university statistics, xxm. 849;
weights and measures, XXIV. 490; wine
industry, xxiv. 610.
— , Tacitus's, xxm. 20.
GERM-CELL, in embryology, vm. 163.
GERMERSHEIM, town, Rhenish Bavaria,
x. 548.
GERMINATION, of spores, in plants, xx.
429.
GERM THEORY OF DISEASE, xxi. 400,
407; its importance in surgery, xxn.
678.
GERO, margrave of Brandenburg, x. 483.
GERONA, province, Spain, xxn. 298.
180
G E K — G H U
GERONA, town, Spain, x. 548; cathedral
at, ii. 433.
, San, mountain, Spain, XVI. 797.
GERONTIUS, Eoman general, xv. 645.
GEROUSIA, Spartan senate, xv. 95.
GERRHA, ancient town, Arabia Felix,
x. 548.
GERRITZ, Dirk, Antarctic explorer, xix.
329-
GERRUS, district, Persia, xvm. 627.
GERRY, Elbridge, vice-president, United
States, xxni. 748.
GERSDORFFITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
GERSEN, John, abbot of Vercelli, xiv. 33.
GERSON, Jolm Charlier de, French
ecclesiastic and scholar, x. 549; xiv.
32; on reform of church discipline,
xx. 320; as mystic, xvn. 132; as
nominalist philosopher, XXI. 431; as
sermon-writer, IX. 648.
GERSONIDES, Levi, Jewish philosopher
and commentator, X. 550.
GERSOPPA, Falls of, Shimoga, India,
xxi. 803.
GERSTACKER, Friedrich, German writer
and traveller, x. 550.
GERTRUDE OF WYOMING, Campbell's
poem, iv. 756.
GERUNDA (Gerona), ancient town, Spain,
x. 548.
GERUNDIO DE CAMPAZAS, Isla's history
of, xni. 387.
GERUSALEMME LIBERATA, Tasso's
poem, xni. 510; xxni. 76.
GERUZEZ, Eugene, French critic, ix.
680.
GERVAIS, Paul, French palaeontologist
and naturalist, x. 551; on birds, xvin.
3i-
GERVAISE of Canterbury, chronicler, x.
551-
GERVASE, or Gervaise, of Tilbury, Eng
lish Latin writer, x. 552.
GERVINUS, Georg Gottfried, German
historian, X. 552.
GESENIUS, Friedrich Heinrich Wilhelm,
German Orientalist, x. 553.
GESI, Giovanni Battista, Italian musical
composer, xvil. 93.
GESITH, Anglo-Saxon officer of state,
xvin. 302.
GESNER, Johann Matthias, German
scholar, x. 554; his co-operation with
Ernesti, vill. 526.
, Konrad, Swiss naturalist, X. 554:
xxiv. 804; on birds, xvin. 3; on
morphology, XV I. 837.
GESSLER, Austrian bailiff of Uri, xxm.
'55-
GESSNER, Konrad (Gesner, q.v.), Swiss
naturalist, x. 554.
, Salomon, Swiss painter and poet,
x. 555; xvin. 348; xxn. 797.
GESSO WORK, in wall decorations, XVII.
47-
GESTA REGUM, William of Malmes-
bury's work, xv. 336.
GESTA ROMANORUM, collection of Latin
tales, x. 555.
GESTATION, Animal, xx. 410; period
of, in mammals, xiv. 858; of sheep,
I- 394-
GETA, Publius Septimus Antoninus, son
of the emperor Sever us, x. 555.
GET^E, or Goths, ancient people, VI. 758;
x. 847.
GETTYSBURG, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
Battle of (1863), in. 444; xxni. 778;
mineral water of, xvi. 436.
GEULINCX, Arnold, Flemish philosopher,
x. 556; vn. 126.
GEVELSBERG, town, Germany, xxiv.
517-
GEX, town, France, x. 556.
GEYLER, Johann, of Kaisersberg, Ger
man preacher, x. 129.
GEYSERS, volcanic fountains, x. 556, 251 ;
in Celebes, v. 289; in Yellowstone
National Park, U.S.A., xxiv. 737.
GEZER, ruined town, Palestine, x. 558.
GEZO, chief of Dahomey, vi. 766.
GFRORER, August Friedrich, German
historian, x. 558.
GHADAMES, oasis, Sahara, Africa, xvu.
695; XXin. 574; town, x. 4.
GHAGGAR, river, India, i. 656; xxn.
98.
GHAKKARS, Indian race, XII. 791.
GHALIB, Moorish general, xv. 500.
— , Sheykh, Ottoman poet, xxm. 656,
657.
G HAM BASSO, F. D. L., his glass paint
ings, x. 670.
GHARDAYA, town, North Africa, x. 76.
GHARIPUR, island, India, vin. 126.
GHARM, or Harm, town, Central Asia,
xiv. 4.
GHASI DAS, Hindu religious reformer,
in. 671.
G HASSAN, or the Ghassanids, Kingdom
of, Arabia, II. 255; xvi. 545.
GHATAL, town, India, xvi. 284.
GHATS, or Ghauts, mountains, India,
x. 559; XH. 733! xv. 184.
GHAWAZEE, Egyptian dancing-girls, VII.
727.
GHAZAL, Bahr al, affluent of the Nile,
Africa, xvil. 506, 508.
G HAZEL, or Ghazal, variety of Persian
and Ottoman poetry, XI. 367; xvin.
656, 659; xxm. 656.
GHAZIABAD, town, Meerut, India, x.
559-
GHAZIPUR, district and town, India, x.
559-
GHAZNAVIDS, or Ghaznevids, dynasty of
Ghazni, xxil. 101.
GHAZNI, town, Afghanistan, x. 559.
— , Mahmud of, X. 559; xv. 286.
GHEDIZ TCHAI, river, Asia Minor, n.
708.
GHEE, Indian butter, x. 562; xvu. 744,
747-
GHEEL, town, Belgium, x. 562.
GHENEH, or Kine, town, Egypt, vn.
776.
GHENT, town, Belgium, x. 562; pacifi
cation of (1576), xn. 76; library, xiv.
531; pictures in, xxi. 446; university,
in. 519; xxni. 850.
, Jodocus, or Justus, of, Flemish
painter, x. 565.
GHERARDESCA, Ugolino della, Italian
count, x. 565; xix. 120.
GHERIAH, or Viziadrug, town and for
tress, India, x. 566; xxiv. 267.
GHEYNS, Matthias van den, bell-founder,
in. 538.
GHIAGGIUOLO, plant, xvm. 52.
GHIBELLINES, Italian party, xi. 244;
xni. 472, 475; in time of Dante, VI.
810; in Florence, IX. 333; in Rome,
xx. 796; in Siena, xx. 40.
GHIBERTI, Lorenzo, Italian sculptor, x.
566 ; xxi. 568 ; his painted-glass
designs, x. 669.
GHIKA, Gregory, voivode of Moldavia,
XXI. 20.
-, Scarlatu, hospodar of "Walachia,
xxi. 1 8.
G HI LAN, or Gilan, province, Persia, x.
566; xvin. 627.
GHILGIT, district, India, X. 596.
GHILYAKS, race of people, Eastern
Siberia, xv. 548.
GHILZAIS, Afghan clan, I. 234.
GHIORGHIA (Koritsa), town, Turkey,
xiv. 141.
GHIRLANDAJO, Domenico del, Italian
painter, x. 567; xvi. 229.
•, Ridolfo, Italian painter, x. 568.
GHISLIERI, Michele (Pope Pius V.), xix.
153-
GHIZEH, or Gizeh (q.v.\ Egypt, vn. 770;
pyramid of, n. 385.
GHIZHIGA BAY, Eastern Siberia, xv.
547-
GHIZNI, or Ghazni, town, Afghanistan,
x. 559.
GHOBAR NUMERALS, XVIL 626.
GHOGHA (Gogo), town, India, x. 738.
GHOMDAN, town, Arabia, xxi. 253.
GHOORKHAS, or Goorkhas, Nepalese
race, xn. 805; xvu. 341.
GHOOSLA GHAT, landing place at Ben
ares, India, n. 397.
GHOR, or Ghur, territory, Afghanistan,
x. 569.
GHORI, or Ghuri, Indian dynasty, X.
569; xv. 346.
GHOST MICROMETER, xvi. 256.
GHOSTS, n. 205; xv. 199; in demono-
logy, vii. 61.
GHRENNAH, district, North Africa, vi.
751-
GHULAB SINGH, ruler of Kashmir, xiv.
13-
GHUR, territory, Afghanistan, x. 569.
GHUTUL (Ghatal), town, India, xvi. 284.
GHUZNEE, or Ghazni, town, Afghanistan,
x. 559.
G H U — G I N
181
GHUZZ, Turkish tribe, XXI. 634; XXlll.
660.
GlACOMlNO of Verona, early Italian
poet, XIII. 499.
GIAFAR, or Jaafar, vizier to Haroun
al-Rashid, in. 377.
GIALLO ANTICO, yellow marble, xv.
529.
GIA LONG, Annamese king, xxm. 440.
GlAMA-NU-CHU, river, Tibet, xxm.
339, 34i-
Gl AM BELLI, Federigo, Italian military
engineer, x. 570.
GIANETTO DA PALESTINA (Palestrina),
Italian composer, xvm. 178 ; xvn.
84.
GIANIBELLI, Federigo (Giambelli),
Italian military engineer, x. 570.
GIANNI, Lapo, Italian writer, xin. 502.
GIANNONE, Pietro, Italian historian, x.
570; XXIV. 212.
GIANNUZZI, Giulio (Pippi), Italian
painter, xix. 112.
GIANT, x. 571; xvi. 762.
GIANT-CELLS, in repair of animal
tissue, xvm. 366.
GIANTS AND DWARFS, Stories of, vn.
567-
GIANT'S CAUSEWAV, Ireland, x. 572.
GIANTS' STAIRCASE, Venice, xxiv. 153.
GIARRE, town, Sicily, x. 572.
GIAVENO, town, Italy, x. 572.
GIB, Adam, Scottish divine, x. 572;
xxm. 728.
GIBBON, ape, n. 150.
— , Edward, English historian, x. 572;
on the progress of Christianity, v.
696 ; his place in English literature,
vin. 431.
GIBBONS, Grinling, English wood-carver
and decorator, x. 582; V. 169; XXI.
560.
, Orlando, English musical com
poser, x. 582; xvn. 85.
GIBBS, James, architect, n. 444.
, James A. E., improver of sewing
machine, XXI. 719.
GIBBSITE, mineral, XVI. 388.
GIBEON, town, Palestine, x. 583.
GIBRALTAR, town and fortress, Spain,
x. 583; origin of the name, xvi. 573;
acquisition of, by Great Britain (1704),
ix. 582; xxii. 336; French attack on
(1779), IX. 594.
, Straits of, Currents in, ill. 20; xv.
GIBSON, Edmund, bishop of London, x.
586.
, John, bookbinder to James I., IV.
42.
-, John, English sculptor, x. 586 ;
XXI. 561.
, Richard, English dwarf, vn. 568.
GlCHTEL, Johann Georg, German
mystic, x. 588 ; editor of Boehme's
works, ill. 854; xvii. 135.
GIDDINESS, Epileptic, disease, vin. 480.
GIDEON, of Scripture, x. 588; xin. 401.
GIDI, plateau, Sahara, Africa, xxi. 149.
GIEBEL, C. G., on ornithology, xvm.
14, 21.
GIEN, town, France, x. 589.
GIERACI, or Gerace, town, Italy, X. 439.
GIESECKITE, mineral, xvi. 418, 425.
GIESELER, Johann Karl Ludwig, Ger
man church historian, x. 589 ; his
History, v. 765.
GIESHUBEL, spa, Bohemia, xvi. 436.
GIESING, suburb of Munich, Bavaria,
xvii. 24.
GIESSEN, town, Germany, x. 589 ;
academy of sciences at, I. 72; univer
sity, xxm. 845.
GIFFORD, George, writer on witchcraft,
xxiv. 621.
— , William, English writer, x. 590.
GlFFORDGATE, Haddington, Scotland,
birthplace of John Knox, XL 363;
XIV. 130.
GIFT, in law, x. 590.
GIG, boat, xxi. 31, 825.
GlGANTOMACHlA, on altar at Per-
gamum, xv. 143.
GIGIA (Gijon), ancient town, Spain, x.
590.
GlG Li, Girolamo, Sienese scholar and
philologist, xxii. 43.
GIGLIO, island, Italy, xin. 440.
GiHON, river, Central Asia, xvm. 101.
, Well of, Jerusalem, xin. 639.
GiJON, town, Spain, x. 590.
GILAN, or Ghilan, province, Persia, X.
566; xvm. 627.
GILBART, John William, English writer
on banking, x. 591.
GILBERT, St, of Sempringham, English
monk, x. 593.
(Gilbertus Anglicus), English writer
on medicine, XV. 807.
-, FranQois Hilaire, French veteri
nary surgeon, xxiv. 198.
, Sir Humphrey, English navigator,
x. 591; governor of Newfoundland,
XVII. 385.
— , Nicolas Joseph Laurent, French
poet, x. 591; ix. 665.
, William, English scientist, x. 592;
on electricity, vin. 3; on magnetism,
xv. 221.
— DE LA PORREE, French philosopher,
x. 592; xxi. 423.
GlLBERTINES, order of monks, xiv.
656.
GILBERT ISLANDS, Pacific Ocean, xvi.
256; xvm. 128; xix. 426.
GILBERTITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
GILBERT'S ACT, English poor law, xix.
467.
GILBERT'S PEAK, Uintah Range, U.S.A.,
xxm. 796; xxiv. 19.
GIL BLAS, Le Sage's romance, xiv. 472.
GILBOA, Palestine, Battle of, xm. 404.
GILCHRIST, Harold, Norwegian chief,
xvii. c88.
GILCHRIST, John, Hindi and Urdu
scholar, XI. 849.
GILD, or Guild (q.v.), XL 259 ; vi.
39-
GILDAS, early British historian, x. 593;
v. 315; xx. 643.
— , missionary to Ireland, XIII. 249.
GILDEBERT, bishop of Tours, XI. 814.
GILDING, x. 593; v. 169; for house
decoration, IV. 508; electro, vill. 116.
GILEAD, of Scripture, x. 594; xvi. 534;
xvm. 176.
GILES, St, x. 595.
GILFILLAN, George, Scottish man of
letters, x. 595.
GlLGAL, of Scripture, x. 596.
GiLGlT, district, India, x. 596.
GILL, Alexander, Milton's schoolmaster,
xvi. 324.
— , David, his micrometer, xvi. 246.
— , John, English Rabbinical scholar,
x. 599.
— , Lough, Ireland, xxii. 159.
GlLLAROO, fish, XXI. 223.
GILLESPIE, George, Scottish divine, x.
599-
, Thomas, founder of Scottish Relief
Church, X. 599; XIX. 685; XXIII. 728.
GiLLiES, John, Scottish historian, x.
599-
GILLIS'S LAND, island, Spitsbergen,
xxii. 408.
GILLMAN, James, friend of Coleridge,
VI. 136.
GILLOLO, or Jilolo, island, Indian Archi
pelago, XIII. 692.
GILLRAY, James, English caricaturist,
x. 600; v. 104.
GILLS, of fishes, XII. 636, 656; xx. 475.
GILLY, William Stephen, writer on the
Waldensian Church, xxiv. 325.
GILLYFLOWER, plant, x. 601; xix. 107.
GiLOLO, or Jilolo, island, Indian Archi
pelago, xin. 692.
GILPIN, Bernard, English clergyman, x.
601.
— , William, English writer, X. 602.
GILYAKS, race of people, Saghalin, Asia,
xxi. 147.
GlMlRR^E, the Cimmerians, xv. 100.
GiMLET, boring tool, XI. 438.
GIMMEL RINGS, xx. 561.
GlMSO, island, Norway, Xiv. 769.
GIN, spirituous liquor, x. 602.
GINCKELL, Godart van, earl of Ath-
lone, x. 602.
GINDARUS, Syria, Battle of (38 B.C.),
xvm. 597.
GINDELY, Antonine, Bohemian his
torian, xxii. 153.
GlNESTRA, La, Leopardi's lyric, xiv.
465.
GlNGELLY OIL, XVII. 746; XXI. 693.
GINGER, plant and spice, x. 603.
GINGHAM, textile fabric, x. 604.
GINGKO NUT, xvii. 664.
GINGST, town, Rtigen, Prussia, xxi. 57.
182
G I
G L A
GINGUENE, Pierre Louis, French writer,
x. 604.
GINSENG, plant and drug, x. 605.
GIOBERTI, Viiieenzo, Italian philoso
phical writer, x. 605; XIII. 487, 489,
516.
GlOCONDA, La, Leonardo's painting,
xiv. 460.
GlOCONDO, Fra, Veronese architect,
xxiv. 172.
GIOJA, Melchior, Italian philosophical
writer, x. 606; XIX. 387.
GIORDANI, Pietro, Italian writer, xin.
SIS-
GIORDANO, Luca, Italian painter, x.
606.
GIORGIO of Gubbio, Italian majolica
worker, XIX. 626.
GlORGlONE, Italian painter, x. 607; his
relations with Titian, xxill. 414.
GIOTTINO, Italian painter, x. 608.
GIOTTO, Italian painter, x. 609; ix. 771 ;
xxi. 434; his glass paintings, x.
669.
GiOVAN GASTONE, grand-duke of Tus
cany, xv. 793.
GIOVANNI DA BOLOGNA, Italian sculp
tor, xxi. 569.
GIOVANNI DA GAETA (Pope Gelasius
II.), x. 130.
GiOVlNAZZO, town, Italy, x. 611.
GIOVIO, Paolo, Italian historian, xin.
756.
GIPSIES, X. 611; in India, ill. 460; of
Transylvania, XXIII. 522; dictionaries
of their language, VII. 189.
GIPSY HILL, Norwood, London, xvn.
596.
GIRAFFE, ungulate mammal, x. 618;
xv. 432.
GIRALDA, bell-tower, Seville, Spain,
xxi. 709.
GIRALDES, Affonso, Portuguese poet,
XIX. 556.
GIRALDI, Giglio Gregorio, Italian scho
lar, x. 620.
, Giovanni Battista, Italian novelist,
x. 620.
GIRALDUS CAMBRENSIS, historian and
ecclesiastic, ill. 392.
GIRANDOLE, in pyrotechny, XX. 136.
GIRARD, Albert, Dutch mathematician,
xxill. 562; on imaginary quantities in
algebra, I. 514; on porisms, XIX. 520.
, Philippe Henri de, French mechani
cian, x. 620; inventor of flax-spinning
apparatus, xiv. 664.
, Stephen, American philanthropist,
x. 621.
— COLLEGE, Philadelphia, U.S.A., x.
621; xviii. 740.
GIRARDIN, Madame Emile de, French
authoress, X. 621.
, Saint-Marc, French politician and
critic, x. 621.
GlRARDON, Frangois, French sculptor,
x. 622.
GIRARDOW, town, Russian Poland, x.
620.
GIRART DE ROUSSILLON, Provencal
poem, xix. 875.
GIRASOL, mineral, xvi. 390.
GIRDERS, in bridges, iv. 297.
GIRDLE, article of dress, x. 622.
GIRGEH, town, Upper Egypt, x. 623;
vn. 775.
GIRGENTI, town, Sicily, x. 623; xxn.
3i-
GIRIN, or Kirin, town, Manchuria, xiv.
96.
GIRISHK, fort, Afghanistan, I. 230.
GIRLING, Mary Ann, leader of English
Shakers, xxi. 737.
GlRODET DE ROUSSY, Anne Louis,
French painter, x. 623.
GlRON, Francisco Hernandez, Peruvian
rebel, xvm. 677.
, Pedro Tellez, duke of Osuna, XX.
178.
GIRONDE, department, France, x. 624.
GIRONDISTS, French Revolutionary
party, IX. 602, 605; XX. 602, 624, 625;
their contest with Marat, xv. 527; Ver-
gniaud's connexion, with, xxiv. 165.
GIRVAN, town, Scotland, x. 624.
GiSCALA, John of, Jewish party leader,
xiii. 427.
GlSMONDlNE, mineral, XVI. 423.
GiSORS, town, France, x. 624.
GITAGOVINDA, Brahman drama, xxi.
285.
GITSCHIN, town, Bohemia, x. 624.
GIUNTA, family of Italian printers, xv.
514.
PISANO, Italian painter, x. 624;
his method of fresco-painting, IX.
770.
GiURGEVO, town, Roumania, X. 624.
GIUSTENDIL, or Kostendil, town, Bul
garia, Xiv. 143.
GIUSTI, Giuseppe, Italian satirist, x.
625; xiii. 516.
GIUSTINIANI, prominent Italian family,
x. 625; xxiv. 635.
, Agostino, X. 626; on Henry VIII.'s
character, XI. 663.
GIUSTO DA GUANTO (Justus of Ghent),
Flemish painter, x. 565.
GIVET, town, France, x. 626.
GIVORS, town, France, x. 626; xx.
529.
GlZEH, town, Egypt, vn. 770; mummies
of, xvn. 21 ; pyramids at, v. 582; vn.
770; xx. 123.
GJENDE, lake, Norway, xvn. 576.
GLACIAL ACTION, Agassiz's researches
on, I. 276.
GLACIAL PERIOD, in geology, n. 335;
x. 365.
GLACIARIUM, artificial ice for skating,
xxii. 105.
GLACIER, GLACIERS, mountain ice, x.
626; geological action of, x. 281;
of the Alps, I. 632; of the Caucasus, v.
257; of the Himalayas, XL 831; of
Norway, xvn. 578 ; of Spitzbergen,
xxn. 408; J. D. Forbes's observations
on, ix. 391.
GLACIS, in fortification, IX. 429, 445.
GLADBACH, or Bergisch-Gladbach,
town, Prussia, x. 631.
, or Moncheu-Gladbach, town,
Prussia, X. 631.
GLADDON, plant, ix. 279.
GLADIATORS, of the Roman arena, x.
631, 66.
GLADIOLUS, garden plant, x. 632; xn.
255.
GLADSTONE, William Ewart, British
statesman, vin. 367.
GLAGERITE, mineral, xvi. 424.
GLAISHER, J., his balloon ascents, i.
195.
GLAMORGAN, county, Wales, x. 633;
population and representation, xxm.
727.
GLANCE, arsenical nickel, xvn. 487.
— , Silver, xxn. 69.
— COAL, or Anthracite (</.i-.), xvi.
429.
GLANDERS, disease, x. 634; xvni. 406;
xxiv. 202.
GLANDS, of mammals, xv. 348; influence
of nervous action on, xix. 30; secret
ing, in man, I. 848; xvn. 671; tum
ours of the, xvni. 379; of reptiles, XX.
459; of plants, iv. 91.
GLANIS, fish, xxn. 67.
GLANVIL, or Glanvill, Ranulph de,
early English jurist, x. 635.
GLANVILL, Joseph, English philoso
phical writer, x. 635; on scepticism,
xxi. 382.
GLANVILLA, Bartholomew de, his De
Proprietatibus Rerum, vin. 193.
GLAREOLA, genus of birds, xix. 659.
GLARUS, or Glaris, canton, Switzerland,
x. 636; xxn. 778, 783; town, x. 636;
xxn. 778.
GLAS, John, founder of Classite sect, x.
637.
GLASER, Christopher, Swiss chemist, x.
637-
GLASERBERG, mountain, Germany, xxi.
349-
GLASERITE, mineral, x. 637; xvi. 400.
GLASGOW, town, Scotland, x. 638 ;
population, xxi. 528 ; origin of the
name, xiv. 41 ; cathedral crypt, vi.
668 ; libraries, Xiv. 523, 543; news
papers, xvn. 423; observatory, xvn.
710; railways, xx. 240; university,
xxill. 843, 854; waterworks, n. 224.
GLASS, history and manufacture, x. 647;
absorption of light by, xiv. 60 1, 607;
colours of ancient, xxiv. 427; cutting
of, with diamond, vn. 167 ; manu
facture of, in Bohemia, in. 120;
mirrors, IX. 849; xvi. 500; painting
on, x. 667; used by Romans, II. 421.
GLASSES, Eye, xxii. 372.
G L A — G N E
183
GLASSITES, Scottish religious denomina
tion, x. 637.
GLASSIUS, Solomon, German Biblical
critic, x. 674.
GLASSOPHAG^E, group of bats, xv. 414;
xxiv. 52.
GLASS-SNAKE, lizard, xiv. 735.
GLASS TEARS, philosophical toy, n. 63.
GLASS-WORKS, Venetian, xvn. 48;
xxiv. 156.
GLASTONBURY, town and abbey, Eng
land, x. 674; xxn. 258; legend of,
v. 325.
GLATZ, town, Prussia, x. 675.
GLAUBER, Johann Rudolph, German
chemist and alchemist, x. 675; v. 460.
GLAUBERITE, mineral, xvi. 400.
GLAUBER'S SALT, mineral and drug,
x. 675; v. 505; xvi. 401,
GLAUCE, of Greek legend, xv. 777.
G LAUGH AU, town, Saxony, x. 676,
GLAUCIAS, of Tarentum, Alexandrian
physician, xv. 801.
GLAUCODOTE, mineral, xvi. 390.
GLAUCOMA, eye disease, xvn. 783.
GLAUCONITE, mineral, xvi. 415.
GLAUCOPHANE, mineral, xvi. 418.
GLAUCOPIS, epithet of Athene, n. 831.
GLAUCUS, in Greek mythology, X. 676.
, reputed discoverer of iron- welding,
II. 348.
SINUS, gulf, Asia Minor, xv. 93.
GLAZE, vm. 182; in pottery, xix.
601.
GLAZIER'S DIAMOND, vn. 167.
GLAZIER WORK, iv. 509.
GLAZING, in painting, xvin. 138.
GLAZOFF, town, Russia, xxiv. 303.
GLEBE, in ecclesiastical law, x. 676.
GLEDE, bird, xiv. 103.
GLEE, in music, x. 677.
GLEEK, card game, xix. 282.
GLEEMAN, ancient minstrel, xvi. 479.
GLEIG, George, bishop of Brechin, x.
677; editor of Encyclopaedia Britan-
nica, 3d edition, vm. 200.
GLEIM, Johann Willie! m Ludwig, Ger
man poet, x. 677, 534.
GLEIWITZ, town, Prussia, x. 677.
GLEN, valley, xxi. 524.
GLENCOE, valley, Scotland, n. 499;
massacre of (1692), xxi. 518; xxn.
445; William III.'s connexion with
the massacre, xxiv. 580.
GLENDALOUGH, valley, Wicklow, Ire
land, xxiv. 557, 558.
GLENDOWER, Owen, Welsh prince, x.
678; XL 660; revolt of, vm. 320.
GLENELG, river, Australia, in. 107;
xxiv. 216.
GLENLUCE, town, Scotland, xxiv. 563.
GLEN OF THE DOWNS, Wicklow, Ire
land, xxiv. 557.
GLEYRE, Marc Charles Gabriel, French
painter, x. 678.
GLINKA, Fedor Nikolaevich, Russian
poet, x. 679.
GLINKA, Michael Ivanovich, Russian
composer, X. 679.
, Sergy Nikolaevich, Russian writer,
x. 680.
GLISSON, Francois, French anatomist,
i. Sir; xvi. 822.
GLOBE, shape of the earth, n. 766.
— , Geographical, x. 680; XV. 516.
GLOBE-FISH, x. 685; xn. 694.
GLOBE THEATRE, London, in time of
Shakespeare, xxi. 761.
GLOBICEPHALUS, genus of cetacean
mammals, xv. 399.
GLOBIGERINA, genus of Foraminifera,
ix. 378.
— OOZE, in Norwegian Sea, xvn.
593; in Pacific Ocean, xvm. 123.
GLOBIGERINIDEA, order of Protozoa,
xix. 847.
GLOCHIDIUM, phase of development of
molluscs, xvi. 693.
GLOCKNER, mountain, Eisenach, Ger
many, xxi. 349.
GLOCKNER, Gross, mountain, Carin-
thia, Austria, I. 629.
GLOGAU, town, Prussia, x. 685; xxn.
53-
GLOGER, C. W. L., on birds, xvin. 23.
GLOMMEN, river, Norway, xvn. 575.
GLONOIN, or Nitroglycerin, xvn. 520.
GLORIA IN EXCELSIS, doxology, vn.
384-
GLORIA PATRI, doxology, vn. 384.
GLORY, or Corona, optical phenomenon,
xxiv. 435. See also xiv. 597.
GLOSS, x. 686; on the canon law, v.
20.
, Biblical, x. 687; XI. 746.
GLOSSA ORDINARIA, Walafrid's work,
xxiv. 320; x. 687.
GLOSSARY, GLOSSATOR, x. 686.
GLOSSIC SPELLING, xvin. 812.
GLOSSINA, genus of insects, xxin. 601.
GLOSSOGRAPHER, x. 686.
GLOSSOLOGY, science of language, xvin.
765.
GLOSSOP, town, England, X. 687.
GLOSSOPHAGA, genus of bats, xv. 414.
GLOSSOPHORA, branch of Mollusca, xvi.
641.
GLOSTER, town, Sierra Leone, West
Africa, XXI I. 45.
GLOTTIS, in relation to the voice, xxiv.
273; spasm of the, vi. 617.
GLOUCESTER, county, England, x. 687;
population and representation, xxi 1 1.
727.
, town, England, x. 690; effigy of
Robert of Normandy in cathedral,
xxi. 558; friary at, I. 21.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., x.
691.
— , Robert of, English chronicler, XX.
596.
-, Duke of (Thomas of Woodstock),
xiv. 256.
GLOVE, x. 692; xiv. 389.
GLOVER, Richard, English writer, x.
693-
GLOW-WORM, beetle, vi. 132; xvin.
814.
GLOXINIA, stove plant, xn. 266.
GLUCHOW, or Glukhoff, town, Russia,
x. 695; xxin. 96.
GLUCINUM, chemical element, x. 693;
v. 526.
GLUCK, Christopher Willibald, German
musical composer, x. 693; xvn. 94;
xix. 79; contrasted with Mozart, xvn.
10.
GLUCKSTADT, town, Prussia, x. 695.
GLUCOSE, in chemistry, X. 695; V. 564,
572; vn. 146, 147; IX. 93; x. 41;
xix. 54; xxn. 623.
GLUCOSIDES, substances containing glu
cose, ix. 96; v. 572.
GLUE, form of gelatin, x. 133; use of,
in joinery, iv. 489.
GLUKHOFF, town, Russia, x. 695; xxin.
96.
GLUTEN, or Glutin, albuminous sub
stance, x. 130, 695.
GLUTTON, carnivorous mammal, x. 696;
xv. 440.
GLYCAS, Michael, Byzantine historian,
x. 697.
GLYCERIN, or Glycerine, in chemistry,
X. 697; V. 564; XVII. 740; XXII. 202.
GLYCOGEN, starch in nutrition, xvn.
680.
GLYCOLS, in chemistry, v. 564; Wurtz's
discovery of, XXIV. 703.
GLYCYRRHIZA, genus of plants, xiv.
687.
GLYNDWR, Owen (Glendower, q.v.),
Welsh prince, x. 678.
GLYOXYLIN, form of dynamite, xvn.
521.
GLYPTODON, fossil armadillo, n. 545;
xv. 388.
GLYPTOTHEK, art gallery at Munich,
Bavaria, xvn. 25.
GMELIN, Johann F., on birds, xvin. 7.
, Johann Georg, German naturalist,
x. 699.
, Leopold, German chemist, X. 699.
-, Samuel Gottlieb, German natural
ist, x. 700; as traveller in Persia, XX.
286.
GMELINITE, mineral, xvi. 421.
GMELIN'S BLUE, xx. 24.
GMINA, Polish commune, xix. 311.
GMUND, town, Germany, X. 700; popula
tion, xxiv. 701.
GMUNDER SEE, lake, Switzerland, xiv.
218.
GNAT, insect, x. 700; xni. 150; xvi.
866.
GNATHOBDELLID^E, family of leeches,
xiv. 404.
GNEDICH, N. L, Russian poet, xxi. 107.
GNEISENAU, August W.A., Count von,
Prussian general, XVII. 220.
GNEISS, rock, x. 236.
184
G N E — G 0 L
GNESEN, town, Prussia, x. 700.
GNOMON, various meanings of the term,
xx. 140; of dial, vn. 153; Pytheas's
use of, x. 176.
GNOMONICS, or dialling, vn. 1 53.
GNOSSUS, or Cnossus, town, Crete, vi.
44-
GNOSTIC ANTINOMIANS, n. 129.
GNOSTICISM, x. 700 ; xi. 736; xxm.
278; its influence on Neoplatonism,
xvii. 335 ; in relation to Christianity,
v. 694 ; to Epistle to the Ephesians,
vni. 464 ; to Maiiichoeism, xv. 484 ;
to Marcionitism, xv. 535 ; St Paul's
relations to, xvm. 423; of Carpo-
crates, v. 133; Manda3an, xv. 468; of
Origen, xvn. 841; Baur on, ill. 448;
Irenaeus on, xm. 273, 274; Clemens
Alexandrinus on Christian Gnosticism,
v. 819.
GNU, antelope, x. 705; n. 101 ; xv.
432.
GOA, Portuguese settlement, India, X.
706; XII. 797.
GOAGNAZES, Brazilian tribe, IV. 228.
GOAJIRA, territory, Venezuela, xxiv.
140.
GOALPARA, district and town, Assam,
India, x. 707.
GOA POWDER, drug, x. 707.
GOAT, ungulate mammal, x. 708; xv.
432; breeding and rearing of, I. 399;
Angora, II. 45, 710; wild, of India,
xn. 742; hair of, xvi. 544; milk of,
xvi. 303; skins of, for tanning, xiv.
380, 388.
ISLAND, Niagara, America, XVII.
472.
GOATSUCKER, bird, x. 711.
GOBANNIUM (Abergavenny), Roman
station, England, xvi. 754.
GOBELIN, French family of dyers, x.
712; their carpets, V. 128; their tapes
try, v. 128; xxm. 212.
GOBELINS, stream, Paris, xvm. 274.
GOBELINUS, copyist of Pius II.'s Com
mentaries, xix. 153.
GOBI, desert, Central Asia, x. 712; n.
687; xxm. 632.
GOBIO, genus of fishes, xi. 243; xvi.
320.
GOBY, fish, x. 714; xii. 690.
GOCH, Johanri von, German Reformer,
xx. 325.
GOD, Doctrine of (Theism), xxm. 262;
idea of, xvm. 686; xxm. 235, 245,
248; the name Jehovah, xm. 619;
Jehovah the God of Israel, xm. 409;
the kingdom of, V. 692; man's know
ledge of, II. 190; in relation to the
Logos, xiv. 804; Anselm on the
existence of, II. 92; in Arabian philo
sophy, II. 266; Aristotle's ideas of, n.
522; Baader on our knowledge of,
Hi. 174; Celsus on, v. 296; Samuel
Clarke on the existence of, v. 812;
Comtc's views, VI. 237; Descartes on
the idea of, v. 144; vn. 123; Eckart's
theory, vn. 642; Erigena's theory,
vin. 523; Eusebius's views, vni.
722; Fichte's theory, IX. 138; in
Kabbali.stic theosophy, XIII. 811;
Leibnitz on the being of, xiv. 422;
Locke on the existence of, xiv. 761;
Malebranche on the idea of, v. 148;
Manicluean theory, xv. 483; Neopla-
tonic idea, xvn. 335; Philo's theory,
xvm. 761; Schleiermacher's theory,
xxi. 41 1, 413; Spinoza on the idea of,
v. 153; Taoist teaching, xiv. 297;
theosophic knowledge of, xxm. 278;
Vico's idea, XXIV. 212; Xenophanes's
theory, XXIV. 719.
GODALMING, town, England, x. 714;
xxil. 694.
GODARD, Eugene, his fire-balloon, I.
192.
GODAVARI, or Godavery, district, India,
x. 714; river, x. 714; xv. 184.
GODEFROY, or Gothofred, French
family (Denis, Jacques, and Theodore),
x. 846.
GODFATHER, sponsor, XXIL 429.
GODFREY of Bouillon, crusader, vi.
624; ix. 538.
— — -, Sir Edmondbury, his murder,
xvn. 697.
, Thomas, inventor of a sextant,
xxi. 725.
GODHAVN, town, Disco Island, Green
land, xi. 171.
GODHEAD, The, heresies concerning it,
XL 736.
GODIVA, Lady, of Coventry, VI. 530.
GODMOTHER, sponsor, xxil. 429.
GODOLPHIN, Earl of, English states
man, x. 715; his relations with
Harley, xvm. 100.
BARB, progenitor of race-horses,
xii. 183, 185.
GODOY, Manuel de, duke of Alcudia,
Spanish minister, I. 471; ix. 83;
xvn. 213; xix. 550; xxn. 342.
GODS, of mythology, XV 1 1. 136, 139,
146.
GODTHAAB, district, Greenland, xi.
170.
GOD-TREE, of the Himalayas, v. 286.
GODUNOFF, Boris, czar of Russia, xxi.
93-
GODWIN, or Godwine (q-v.), earl, x. 719.
— , Francis, English writer, x. 715.
— , Mary Wollstonecraft, English
writer, x. 716.
, Mary Wollstonecraft, wife of
Shelley, xxi. 789, 791.
, William, English writer, x. 717;
on reason, vm. 609; his relations with
Shelley, xxi. 791.
GODWINE, earl of the West-Saxons, x.
719; vn. 682; vm. 288, 289, 290.
GODWIT, bird, X. 720.
GOMEAGOT, legendary giant, x. 172.
GOES, town, Holland, x. 720.
GOES, Benedict, Eastern traveller, x.
183; xxiv. 728.
• , Hugo van der, Flemish painter,
x. 721.
, Jan van der, Dutch poet, n. 138;
xii. 95.
GOETHALS, Henry (Henry of Ghent),
scholastic writer, XL 674.
GOETHE, Johann Wolfgang von, Ger
man poet and dramatist, x. 721; his
birthplace in Frankfort, IX. 707 ; on
education, VII. 677 ; on embryology
and morphology, XVI. 839 ; his in
fluence on the German drama, VI I.
442; influence 011 German literature,
x. 537 ; Eckermann's relations with,
vn. 641; his controversy with Oken,
xvn. 751; his relations with Schiller,
xxi. 397.
— MUSEUM, at Weimar, xxiv. 491.
GOETZ, Hermann, German musical
composer, x. 737.
GOEZE, Johann Melchior, German theo
logian, xiv. 481.
GOEZMAN, Louis V., his connexion with
Beaumarchais, ill. 468.
GOFFART, Auguste, on ensilage, xxi I.
67.
GOFFE, Thomas English pastoral poet,
xvm. 347.
GOG, of Scripture, x. 738.
— (Gyges, q.v.), Lydian king, xv. 100.
— AND MAGOG, x. 172.
GOGARI, or Gogra, river, Nepal, xvn.
340.
GOGMAGOG HILLS, Cambridgeshire,
England, IV. 732.
GOGO, town, India, x. 738.
GOGOL, Nikolai Vasilievich, Russian
writer, X. 738; XXI. 107.
GOGRA, river, Nepal and India, xvn.
340, 572.
GOHELWAR, district, India, XIV. 15.
GOHREN, village, Riigen, Prussia, xxi.
57-
GoiDEL (Gaels), v. 297 ; in Ireland,
xm. 244, 246; in Scotland, XXI. 473;
in Wales, XVIII. 482.
GoiTO, town, Italy, x. 739.
GOITRE, disease, x. 739; vi. 573; xm.
98; xvm. 384.
GOK Su, river, Asia Minor, n. 708; v.
776.
GOKTCHA, Lake, Transcaucasia, Russia,
xxm. 514.
GOLAD, tribe, Lithuania, xiv. 702.
GOLAYA GORA, mountain, Eastern
Siberia, XV. 548.
GOLCONDA, town, India, x. 740 ;
diamonds of, VII. 164.
GOLD, precious metal, x. 740; as chemical
element, v. 529; cyanide of, xx. 23;
as mineral, xvi. 382 ; adulteration
of, I. 176; in alchemy, 1.464; assay of
alloys, II. 724; coinage, xvi. 482;
effect of discoveries on commerce, VI.
206 ; in relation to exchange, vm.
G 0 L — G 0 O
185
789; its use as money, xvi. 723; ores
of, xvi. 58; dressing of ores, xvi. 465;
production of, iv. 518 ; xvi. 467;
production in England, vin. 229;
supply of, xvi. 728; its value in rela
tion to silver, xvi. 729, 735; xxn. 73;
in Australia, ill. 109; in Austria, ill.
120; in Bolivia, iv. 13; in Brazil, IV.
224; in British Columbia, VI. 169; in
California, I. 716; IV. 701; in Celebes,
v. 288; in Colombia, South America,
vi. 154; in Colorado, VI. 161; in India,
XII. 765; in Ireland, XIII 218; in
Japan, xm. 572; in Khotan, East
Turkestan, xiv. 67; in Mexico, XVI.
216; in New South Wales, XVII. 409;
in New Zealand, xvn 467 ; in
Philippine Islands, xvni. 750 ; in
Russia, xxi. 85; in Siberia, XX 4, 10;
xxni. 511; xxiv. 742; in United
States, XXill. 8 1 1, 814; in Ural Moun
tains, xxiv. 5; in Venezuela, xxiv
140; in Victoria, XXIV. 216.
GOLDAST, Melchior Haiminsfeld, Ger
man historian, x. 754.
GOLDBEATING, X. 752.
GOLDBERG, town, Prussia, x. 755; Trot-
zendorfPs school at, XXIII. 589.
GOLD CLOTH, xxni. 210.
GOLD COAST, West Africa, x. 755; i.
269.
GOLDEN Ass, Apuleius's work, n. 215.
GOLDEN BULL, x. 757; of the empire
(1356), x. 757, 495; v. 413; charter of
Hungary (1222), XII. 368.
GOLDEN CHERSONESE, or Malay Pen
insula, xv. 321; xx. 93.
GOLDEN EAGLE, vn. 590; xiv. 244.
GOLDEN-EYE, bird, x. 757.
GOLDEN FLEECE, of Greek legend, n.
496; xm. 596; xv. 776.
GOLDEN FLEECE, Spanish order of
knighthood, IV. 395; XXII. 303.
GOLDEN GATE, San Francisco, xxi. 262.
GOLDEN HIND, Drake's ship, vn. 390.
GOLDEN HORDE, of Mongols, vi. 587;
xvi. 746.
GOLDEN HORN, at Constantinople, vi.
302; origin of the name, iv. 615.
GOLDEN LEGEND, Longfellow's poem,
xiv. 861.
GOLDEN LEGEND, of Voragine, xxiv.
297.
GOLDEN NUMBER, in calendar, iv. 670.
GOLDEN ORIOLE, bird, xn. 696.
GOLDEN PLOVER, bird, xiv. 308.
GOLDEN ROSE, papal gift, x. 758.
GOLDEN SYRUP, xxn. 627.
GOLDFINCH, bird, x. 758; xxn. 99.
GOLDFISH, x. 759.
GOLD HILL, town, Nevada, U.S.A., x.
759; xvii. 368.
GOLDINGEN, town, Russia, x. 759.
GOLD INK, xm. 81.
GOLD LACE, x. 753.
GOLD-MINING, iv. 701; x. 745. See
also Mining.
GOLDONI, Carlo, Italian dramatist, x.
759; vn. 419; xiii. 513.
GOLD PLATE, xix. 178.
GOLDSCHMIDT, Hermann, German
painter and astronomer, x. 760.
— , Joannes, Lutheran divine, in. 89.
— , Meyer Aron, Danish novelist, VII.
93-
GOLDSINNV, fish, xxiv. 686.
GOLDSMITH, Oliver, English writer, x.
760; as dramatist, VII. 438; as satirist,
XXI. 320; his place in English litera
ture, vin 429, 431.
GOLDSTUCKER, Theodor, German Orien
talist, x. 764.
GOLD THREAD, xxm. 209.
GOLD WIRE, xxiv. 615; ancient manu
facture of, xxm. 210.
GOLETTA, seaport, Tunis, XXIII. 621.
GOLF, game, x. 765.
GOLIARDI, mediaeval song-writers, XX.
333.
GOLIAS EPISCOPUS, early English work,
xv. 523.
GOLIATH'S CASTLE, Jerusalem, xm.
642.
GOLITZIN, Vasilii, Russian minister, xxi.
96.
GOLIUS, Jacobus, Dutch Orientalist, x.
768.
GOLLNITZ, or Golnitz, town, Hungary,
X. 768.
GOLLNOW, town, Prussia, x. 768.
GOLNITZ, or Golniczbanya, town,
Hungary, x. 768.
GOLOVNlN,VasilyMikhailovich, Russian
admiral, x. 768.
GOLSPIE, town, Scotland, xxn. 727.
GOLTZ, Bogumil, German satirist, x,
768.
GOLTZIUS, Hendrik, Dutch painter and
engraver, x. 768.
Go LUND A, genus of rodent mammals
xvii. 6.
GOMAL, river, Afghanistan, I. 230.
GOMARA (Kaffa), district, Abyssinia,
xm. 816.
GOMARUS, or Gomar, Francis, Dutch
theologian, x. 769; XII. 78.
GOMBE, town, Sokoto, Africa, XXII.
279.
GOMBIN, town, Russian Poland, xxiv.
375-
GOMBROON, town, Persia, xvii. 857.
- WARE, pottery, xix. 621.
GOMEL, town, Russia, xn. 108.
GOMER, of Scripture, X. 769.
(Gimirrse), people, in Asia Minor,
xv. 100.
GOMERA, one of the Canary Islands, iv.
800.
GOMEZ, Antonio Enrique/, Spanish
dramatist, vin. 449.
, Sebastian, Spanish painter, xvii.
56.
DE SlLVA, Ruy, Spanish minister,
XVIII. 744.
GOMORRAH, of Scripture, vn. 2.
GOMPA, town, on the Niger, Africa,
xvii. 497.
GOMPERTZ'S LAW, of mortality, n. 85.
GOMPHI, pass, Thessaly, Greece, xxm.
299.
GONCHAROFF, Ivan A., Russian novelist,
xxi. 108.
GONDA, district, India, x. 769; town,
x. 770.
GONDAR, town, Abyssinia, X. 770; I.
64.
GONDEMAR, founder of the Montserrat
monastery, xvi. 797.
GONDI, Jean Fran§ois Paul de, Cardinal
de Retz, xx. 488.
GONDOKORO (Ismailia), town, LTpper
Egypt, xm. 388; xvii. 506.
GONDOLA, Venetian boat, xxiv. 157.
— , Giovanni, Dalmatian poet, XL
278.
GONDOMAR, Spanish ambassador, as
saulted by Lithgow, xiv. 696.
GONDOPHARES, king of Indo-Scythia,
xvni. 603; xxm. 308.
GONDS, tribe, India, X. 770.
GONDWANA, country, Central India, X.
770.
GONG, sound-producing instrument, x.
771; made of bronze, IV. 366.
GONGORA Y ARGOTE, Luis de, Spanish
poet, x. 771; xxii. 357, 360.
GONIDIA, cells in lichens, xiv. 556.
GONIOMETER, for measuring angles of
crystals, X. 771; vi. 677; XVI. 362;
its use in optics, xvii. 800.
GONORRHCEA, disease, xxn. 686.
GONSALVI, Ercole, cardinal, vi. 290.
GONSALVO DE CORDOVA, Spanish
general, x. 773.
GONYLEPTIDES, family ot Arachnida,
n. 279.
GONZAGA, Italian princely family, x.
772; XV. 504.
, Thomaz Antonio, Portuguese poet,
x. 772.
, Vincenzo, patron of Rubens, xxi.
41.
GONZALES, Diego, Spanish writer, xxn.
361-
— , Sebastian, Portuguese pirate, xvn.
524.
GONZALO DE BERCEO, Spanish mystic
and poet, X. 773.
GONZALO FERNANDEZ Y AGUILAR
(Gonsalvo de Cordova), Spanish
general, x. 773.
GOOD, The, in ethics, vin. 574; xvni.
686; Hutcheson's theory of, XII. 410;
Schleiermacher's theory, xxi. 412;
Socratic theory, xxn. 237; Stoic
theory, XXII. 568; Zoroastrian doc
trine, xxiv. 822.
, John Mason, English writer, X.
773-
FRIDAY, x. 774.
GOODRICH, Samuel Griswold (Peter
XXV. — 24
18(5
G 0 0 — G 0 T
Parley), American writer, X. 774; XI.
537-
GOODSIR, John, Scottish anatomist, x.
775-
GOOD TEMPLAR SOCIETIES, for pro
moting temperance, XXlli. 159.
GOODWIN, Thomas, English Puritan
, divine, x. 776; XII. 728.
GOODWOOD RACES, England, xn. 202.
GOOD WORDS, magazine, xv. 163.
GOODWYN, Henry, his mathematical
tables, XXlli. 8, 13.
GOOGE, Barnabe, English pastoral poet,
xvill. 345; on husbandry, I. 296.
GOOJRANWALA (Gujranwala), district,
India, XL 273; xx. 109; town, XL
273-
GOOJRAT, district, India, XI. 273; xx.
109; town, XL 274.
GOOLE, town, England, X. 776.
GOORA NUT, xvn. 664.
GOORDASPOOR (Gurdaspur), district,
India, XI. 331; xx. 109.
GOORGAON, district, India, XI. 331; xx.
109.
GOORKHAS, Xepalese race, xn. 805;
xvii. 341.
GOOSANDER, bird, xvi. 35.
GOOSE, bird, x. 777; xix. 647.
GOOSEBERRY, fruit, x. 779; xn. 271.
GOPHER, land-tortoise, x. 780.
GOPPINGEN, town, Wurtemberg, x. 780;
population, xxiv. 701.
GOPTO, lake, Russian Poland, xix.
307-
GORA KALWARIA, town, Russian Poland,
xxiv. 375.
GORAKHPUR, district and town, India,
x. 780.
GORAMY, fish, X. 781.
GORBODUC, T. Sackville's drama, vn.
428.
GORCHAKOV (Gortschakoff), Russian
noble family, x. 787.
GORCUM, town, Holland, x. 781.
GORDIAN III., Roman emperor, X. 781;
IV. 712.
KNOT, i. 481; x. 781.
GORDIANUS, three Roman emperors,
x. 781.
GORDIUM, ancient town, Bithynia, x.
781.
GORDIUS, Phrygian king, xvill. 849.
, genus of nematode worms, xvn.
325-
GORDON, Alexander, Scottish antiquary,
x. 781.
, Bernard, early Scottish writer on
medicine, XV. 807.
, Charles George, organizer of
Chinese troops, v. 652.
, Lord George, x. 782 ; Erskine's
defence of, vin. 530.
, Sir John Watson, Scottish painter,
x. 782.
— • — , Patrick, Russian general, x. 783.
- RlOTS, London, x. 782.
GORDON'S HOSPITAL, Aberdeen, Scot
land, i. 40.
GORE, of a balloon, I. 206.
, Catherine Grace, English novelist,
x. 783.
GOREE, island and town, West Afr
x. 784; xxi. 660.
GORE HOUSE, Kensington, London, in.
825.
GOREY, town, Ireland, xxiv. 521.
GORGEI, Arthur, Hungarian general,
XII. 372.
GORGES, Sir Ferdinando, settler in
Maine and New Hampshire, U.S.A.,
xv. 301; xvn. 393.
GORGIAS, Plato's dialogue, XIX. 203.
of Leontini, Sicilian rhetorician
and sophist, x. 784; xx. 509; XXII.
1 6, 264 ; his theses on sceptical
nihilism, xxi. 379.
GORGON, in Greek mythology, X. 784;
xviii. 560.
GORGONA, island, Italy, xin. 440.
GORGONZOLA CHEESE, XIII. 452.
GORI, town, Georgia, Russia, x. 785;
xxin. 514.
GORILLA, ape, n. 150; relation of man
to, II. 108; skeleton of, II. 162.
GORITSA, or Koritsa, town, Turkey, xiv.
141.
GORIZ, town, Austria, x. 788.
GORKHALIS, or Goorkhas, Nepalese race,
xvn. 341.
GORKI, town, Russia, xvi. 543.
GORKUM, or Gorcurn, town, Holland, x.
781.
GORLITZ, town, Prussia, X. 785; XXII.
53-
GORNU, town, Bornu, Africa, IV. 61.
GORODIS.CHE, Russia, Anthracite mines
of, xv. 60.
GORODISHTCHE, town, Russia, xviii.
5i5-
GORODNYA, town, Russia, xxm. 96.
GORODOK, town, Russia, xxiv. 262.
GORONTALO, department, Celebes, v.
289.
- BAY, Celebes, v. 287.
GORRES, Joseph Johann, German
political writer, X. 786.
GORSE, shrub, ix. 851; as forage plant,
i. 378.
GORSEDD, Welsh assembly, VII. 791.
GORT, village, Ireland, X. 56.
GORTHO, or Corinth (q.v.), town, Greece,
vi. 397.
GORTSCHAKOFF, Mikhail Dimitrievich,
Russian general, x. 787.
— , Petr Dimitrievich, Russian gen
eral, x. 787.
GORTYNA, or Gortyn, ancient town,
Crete, x. 787.
GORTZ, or Gorz, town, Austria, x. 788.
-, Baron von, adviser of Charles
XII. of Sweden, v. 421.
GORZ, crown land, Austria, x. 787;
town, X. 788,
GOSAIN THAN, mountain, Nepal, xvn.
340.
GOSCHENEN, town, Switzerland, xxiv.
11.
GOSFORTH, Cumberland, England,
Sculptured cross at, xxi. 557.
GOS-HAWK, bird, x. 788.
GOSHEN, district of ancient Egypt, x.
788; xx. 265.
GOSIA, Martinus, Italian jurist, IV. 517.
GOSLAR, town, Prussia, x. 789.
GOSLARITE, mineral, xvi. 401.
GOSLICKI, Wawrzyniec (Grimalius Gos-
licius), Polish scholar, x. 789.
GOSPEL, St Paul's teaching of the,
xviii. 425.
— OF THE HEBREWS, x. SiS.
GOSPELS, The, x. 789; their testimony
to Jesus Christ, xm. 659; the
Synoptic, in. 643; apocryphal, II.
184; Lindisfarne and Rushworth's
MSS. of, vill. 382; Syriac versions,
xxil. 824; Baur on, in. 449.
GOSPEL SONNETS, Ralph Erskine's, vm.
529.
GOSPORT, town, England, x. 843; xix.
534-
GOSSART, Jan, Flemish painter, x.
843-
GOSSE, W. C., his explorations in
Australia, in. 106.
GOSSELIES, town, Belgium, x. 844.
GOSSELIN, Henri, pianoforte maker,
xix. 72.
GOSSNITZ, town, Germany, xxi. 347.
GOSSYPIUM, cotton plant, vi. 482.
GOSTLING, John, royal chorister, xx.
112.
GOSTYNIN, town, Russian Poland, xxiv.
375-
GOSZCZYNSKI, Severin, poet of the
Ukraine, xix. 304.
GOTA, river, Sweden, xxn. 736.
GOTALAND, division of Sweden, xxn.
736.
GOTAMA, or Gautama, the Buddha,
xiv. 226.
GOTARZES, Parthian king, xvill. 601.
GoTEBORG (Gothenburg), county and
town, Sweden, X. 845; XXII. 741.
GOTESCHALCUS, Fulgentius (Gott-
schalk), German theologian, x. 855.
GOTHA, duchy, Germany, xxi. 347.
— , town, Germany, X. 844; xxi. 347;
libraries, xiv. 527, 546; observatory,
xvn. 712.
GOTHENBURG, county, Sweden, x. 845;
xxn. 742.
— , town, Sweden, X. 845; xxn. 742;
liquor law system of, xiv. 688.
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, use of the
term, II. 423.
GOTHIC LANGUAGE, x. 852; xvni.
785; in relation to Scandinavian
tongues, XXI. 367; dictionaries of
language, VII. 186.
GOTHIC MSS., xvni. 148.
0 T — G R A
187
GOTHITE, mineral, xvi. 387.
GOTHLAND SEA LAWS, xxi. 585.
GOTHOFRED, noble French family, X.
846.
GOTHS, x. 846; under Alaric, I. 442;
introduction of Christianity among
them, xxm. 719; in Germany, X.
475 ; their invasions of Greece, XI.
109, 112; of Naples, xvn. 191; of
the Roman empire, XX. 777, 782; in
Italy, xill. 467 ; xvn. 233 ; in
Sweden, xxil. 744; under Theodosius
I., XXIII. 258; Jordanes's history of,
xill. 747.
, Eastern, or Ostrogoths, Law code
for the, XXI. 216.
-, West, or Visigoths, their conquest
of Spain, xxil. 308.
GOTLAND, county, Sweden, xxn. 741.
, island, Baltic Sea, xxil. 737.
GOTO, islands, Japan, xin. 569.
GOTT, John, his electric telegraph test,
xxm. 118.
GOTTESFREUNDE, German mystics,
xvn. 133.
GOTTESGABE, town, Germany, vill.
533-
GOTTESHAUSBUND, league, Switzerland,
XL 205; XXIL 789.
GOTTFRIED of Strasburg, German poet,
x. 854, 524.
— , Johann, German sculptor, XXI.
566.
GOTTHARD, St, tunnel, Switzerland,
xxm. 624.
GOTTHELF, Jeremias (Albert Bitzius),
Swiss writer, xxil. 799.
GOTTINGEN, town, Prussia, X. 854 ;
library, xiv. 527, 546 ; observatory,
xvn. 712; university, xxm. 847.
GOTTORP, castle, Schleswig, XXI. 414.
GLOBE, x. 683.
GOTTSCHALK, German theologian, x.
855.
GOTTSCHALL, Rudolf, German writer,
x. 545, 546.
GOTTSCHED, Johann Christoph, German
writer and critic, X. 856, 533 ; vn.
441; Xiv. 479.
GOTTSKALKSSON, Odd, Icelandic re
ligious writer, XII. 626.
GOTZ, Johann Nikolaus, German poet,
x. 856.
- VON BERLICHINGEN, Goethe's
play, x. 724.
GOUDA, town, Holland, XL i.
GOUDIMEL, Claude, French musical
composer, XI. i; XVII. 84.
GOUGE, cutting tool, XI. 437.
GOUGH, Viscount, British general,
XI. 2.
, Richard, English antiquary, xi.
2.
GOUJET, Claude Pierre, French abbe
and writer, XL 3.
GOUJON, Jean, French sculptor, XI. 3;
xxi. 563.
GOULBURN, river, Victoria, Australia,
xxiv. 215.
GOULD, Augustus Addison, American
conchologist, xi. 3.
-, John, on birds, XVin. 12.
GOUR, or Gaur, mediaeval town, India,
x. 112.
-, or Ghor, territory, Afghanistan, X.
569.
GOURA, genus of birds, XIX. 85.
GOURAMY, fish, x. 781.
GOURD, plant, xi. 4; xn. 283.
GOURDON GOLD CUP AND TRAY, xix.
183-
GOURGAUD, Gaspard, Baron, French
general, XL 5.
GOURNAY, Jean V., French economist,
xix. 361.
GOUROCK, town, Scotland, xx. 396.
GOUT, disease, XL 5 ; XVin. 388 ; diet
in, VII. 206.
-, Rheumatic, disease, xx. 518.
GOUTTES D' EAU, colourless topaz,
xxm. 446.
GOUVION SAINT CYR, Laurent, Marquis
de, French marshal, XL 8.
GOUWE, Ter (Gouda), town, Holland,
XL I.
GOVERNMENT, XL 9; origin of, vin.
620; in relation to law, xiv. 357, 366;
British ministry, xvi. 472 ; Chinese
principles of, V. 667 ; influence of
Christianity on, v. 697 ; federal, IX.
61; Moslem form of, xvi. 589; repre
sentative, xvni. 302 ; Bentham's
views of, III. 576; Confucius's theory
of, VI. 261; Locke's treatise on, Xiv.
756; Machiavelli's discourse on, xv.
1 50 ; Plato on, xix. 208 ; Zachariae
on, xxiv. 762.
, Church, V. 759.
— STATISTICAL RETURNS, xxn.
464.
GOVERNOR, Roman provincial, XIX.
QOr-
OO5.
— , in mechanics, xv. 768; XXIL 505.
GOVIND RAI, Sikh ruler, India, xx.
iii.
GOWAN, or Daisy, plant, vi. 773.
GOWER, Lord Francis Leveson, earl of
Ellesmere, vin. 148.
, John, English poet, XL 21; vin.
412.
GOWHATTY (Gauhati), town, Assam,
India, x. n i.
COWRIE, Carse of, Scotland, xvni. 666.
— CONSPIRACY (1600), in Scottish
history, xni. 558; xxi. 509.
GOYA, town, Argentine Republic, XL 22.
GOYANNA, town, Brazil, XI. 22.
GOYA Y LUCIENTES, Francisco, Spanish
painter and caricaturist, XL 22; v.
104; xxi. 440.
GOYAZ, province and town, Brazil, XI.
23-
GOYEN, Jan Josephszoon van, Dutch
painter, XL 23.
GOZLAN, Leon, French novelist and
dramatist, XL 23.
Gozo, island, Mediterranean Sea, xv.
339-
Gozzi, Carlo, Count, Italian dramatist,
XL 24; vii. 419.
, Gasparo, Count, Italian critic, XL
24; XIIL 512.
GOZZOLI, Benozzo, Italian painter, xi.
24; IX. 773.
GRAAF, Regnier de, Dutch anatomist, I.
812.
GRAAF-REINET, district, Cape Colony,
v. 45.
GRAAH, Captain, Danish Northern ex
plorer, xix. 320.
GRAAL, or Grail, The Holy, in mediaeval
legend, XL 34; vm. 408; xx. 644.
GRABE, Johann Ernst, Anglican divine,
XL 25.
GRABOW, town, Prussia, XL 25; xxil.
543-
GRABOWSKI, Michael, poet of the
Ukraine, xix. 305.
GRABUSA, fortress, Crete, vi. 570.
GRACCHUS, Roman family, XL 25; xx.
756.
, Tiberius, Roman general, in Spain,
XXIL 306.
GRACES, in Greek mythology, XL 26.
GRACIAN, Baltazar, Spanish writer, XI.
27; XXIL 360.
GRACIAS, department, Honduras, xn.
132.
GRACIOSA, island, Azores, in. 172.
— , island, Canaries, iv. 800.
CRACKLE, bird, XL 26.
GRACULA, genus of birds, XL 26.
GRADENIGO, Pietro, doge of Venice,
xxiv. 143.
GRADIENTS, Atmospheric, in meteoro
logy, xix. 241.
GRADIJSK, town, Russia, xix. 410.
GRADIRHAUS, for salt-making, xxi.
232.
GRADISCA, crown land, Austria, x. 787.
, town, Austria, XL 27.
GRADIVUS, epithet of Mars, Roman god,
xv. 570.
GRADUAL, or Graduale, liturgical
service book, xiv. 710; xvi. 508.
GRADUATION, of mathematical instru
ments, XL 27.
HOUSE, for salt-making, xxi. 231.
GR.E/E, of Greek legend, xvni. 560.
GR/ECIA, Magna, part of ancient Italy,
XL 30, 95.
GR/ECOSTASLS, platform, in ancient
Rome, xx. Si 6.
GR^EVIUS, Johann Georg, German
scholar, XL 31.
GRAF, K. H., on the Pentateuch, xvni.
509.
GRAFE, Albrecht von, German oculist,
XL 31.
, Heinrich, German educationist,
XL 31.
188
G R A— G R A
GRAFE, Johann Georg (Grocvius), Ger
man scholar, XI. 31.
, Karl Ferdinand von, German
surgeon, XI. 31.
GRAFRATH, town, Prussia, XL 32.
GRAFT-HYBRIDISM, in plants, xn. 426.
GRAFTING, Animal, Hunter's experi
ments in, xii. 387.
— , of plants, xn. 213, 236.
GRAFTON, town, West Virginia, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 519.
, Richard, early printer of English
Bible, viil. 386.
GRAGNANO, town, Italy, XL 32.
GRAHAM, James, first marquis of
Montrose, xvi. 795; xxi. 512, 513.
, Sir James G. R., British states
man, XI. 32.
, John, of Claverhouse, Viscount
Dundee, VIL 536; xxi. 516.
-, Thomas, Scottish chemist, XI. 32.
GRAHAME, James, Scottish poet, xi.
33-
GRAHAM ISLAND, British Columbia,
xx. 170.
GRAHAM'S DYKE, Scotland, n. 139 ;
xxi. 471; xxii. 554.
GRAHAM'S SHOAL, Mediterranean Sea,
xv. 820.
GRAHAM'S TOWN, Cape Colony, Africa,
XL 34.
GRAHOVO, town, Montenegro, xvi. 781.
GRAIAN ALPS, i. 624.
GRAIL, The Holy, in medieval legend,
XL 34; VIIL 408; XX. 644.
GRAIN, trade in, vi. 414; at Chicago, v.
611.
— COAST, West Africa, I. 269.
CROPS, Cultivation of, I. 354.
GRAINE, silkworms' eggs, xxi I. 58.
GRAINING, in painters' work, iv. 512.
GRAINS OF PARADISE, XL 36; xvm.
2, group of birds, xvill. 46.
(3 RAM, leguminous plant, XL 36.
GRAMINE/E, group of plants, XL 53.
GRAMMAR, XL 37 ; in relation to
philology, xvill. 765 ; Arabic, xvi.
595; of Aryan languages, XVIIL 789;
Bantu, xxiv. 827; Chinese, v. 656;
comparative, Bopp's researches in, iv.
49; of Homeric poems, xii. 114; of
Romance languages, xx. 665; Sanskrit,
xxi. 270, 292 ; Priscian's contribu
tions to, XIX. 744. See also Language.
GRAMMATICA GR^ECA, Lascaris's, xiv.
GRAMMATICUS, expert in literature of
Rome, xxi. 692.
GRAMMATITE, mineral, xvi. 417.
GRAMMATOPHORA, genus of lizards, i
xiv. 736.
GRAMME, unit of weight, xv. 668 ;
xxiv. 490.
GRAMMICHELE, or Granmichele, town,
Sicily, XL 50.
GRAMMONT, town, Belgium, XL 43.
GRAMMONT, Memoires du Comte de,
Anthony Hamilton's book, XL 414.
, Order of, or Grammontines, mon
astic order, XL 47; XVI. 708.
GRAMONT, Philibert, Comte de, French
courtier, XL 43; Hamilton's Memoires
of, XL 414.
GRAMPIANS, mountains, Scotland,
XVIIL 666.
GRAMPUS, cetacean mammal, XL 44;
xv. 399.
GRAN, town, Hungary, XL 44.
GRANADA, province, Spain, XL 45 ; xxn.
298.
— , town, Spain, XI. 45; conquest of
(1492), XXii. 326; sculptures in cathe
dral, xxi. 567.
-, town, Nicaragua, Central America,
XL 46; xvii. 477.
, Luis de, Spanish preacher, XL 46.
GRANADILLA, plant and fruit, XL 46;
XVIIL 343.
GRANARD, Moat of, Longford, Ireland,
xiv. 864.
GRAN CHACO, district, South America,
XL 46.
GRANCIN, dyestuff, iv. 687.
GRAND CANAL, of China, v. 631.
GRAND CANARY, island, iv. 799.
GRAND CANON, of the Colorado river,
U.S.A., xxin. 799.
GRAND CAYMAN, island, West Indies,
XIIL 549.
GRAND' COMBE, town, France, XL 47.
GRAND CREDO, peak in Jura range,
Switzerland, XIIL 781.
GRAND-DUKE, title, xix. 738; xxin.
418.
GRANDE CHARTREUSE, monastery,
France, I. 20; v. 163, 434.
GRANDE RONDE, river, Oregon, U.S.A.,
xvii. 822.
GRANDFATHER'S CHAIR, Hawthorne's
stories, XI. 537.
GRAND HAVEN, town, Michigan, U.S.A.,
XL 47.
GRANDIMONTANES, religious order, XL
47-
GRAND ISLAND, Niagara river, New
York, U.S.A., xvii. 472.
GRAND ISLAND, town, Nebraska, U.S.A.,
xvii. 309.
GRAND JURY, in law, XIIL 785.
GRAND LAKE, New Brunswick, xvii.
373-
GRAND LAKE, Newfoundland, xvii.
382.
GRAND-LIEU, lake, France, ix. 507;
xiv. 808.
GRAND RAPIDS, town, Michigan, U.S.A.,
XL 47.
GRANDS JOURS, irregular assize, France,
XVIIL 340.
GRANDSON, or Granson, town, Switzer
land, XL 50; battle of (1476), xxn.787.
GRANDVILLE, Jean Gerard, French
caricaturist, x. 4405 v. 105.
GRAND VIZIER, Oriental officer of state,
xxiv. 268.
GRANET, Fran§ois Marius, French
painter, XL 47.
GRANGE, in architecture, n. 465.
GRANGEMOUTH, town, Scotland, xxii.
554-
GRANICUS, river, Asia Minor, II. 707;
battle of (334 B.C.), I. 481; xv. 140.
GRANILLA, variety of cochineal, vi. 97.
GRANITE, rock, XL 48; x. 230, 233, 308;
strength of, xxn. 603; of Aberdeen, I.
42, 44.
— , Graphic, mineral, XL 49; xvi. 419.
GRANITITE, variety of granite, XL 49.
GRANJA, La, Spain, royal residence,
xxi. 623.
GRANMICHELE, town, Sicily, XL 50.
GRANOVSKI, Russian historian, xxi.
108.
GRAN PIEDRA, mountain, Cuba, vi.
679.
GRAN SASSO, mountain, Apennines,
Italy, I. 56.
GRANSON, town, Switzerland, XL 50;
battle of (1476), xxn. 787.
GRANT, Anne, Scottish authoress, XL
50.
— , Sir Francis, English painter, XL
Si-
— , James, English journalist, xvii.
419.
— , James Augustus, African traveller,
xxn. 390.
— , Sir James Hope, British
general,
XL 51.
— , Sir Robert, hymns by, xn. 595.
— , Ulysses S., general and president
of the United States, xxin. 788, 776,
778, 784-
GRANTCHESTER, town, England, iv.
729.
GRANTHAM, town, England, XL 51.
GRANTHS, in Hindi literature, XL 845.
GRANTING OF SUPPLIES, in parliament,
XVIIL 313.
GRANTON, village, Scotland, xiv. 431.
GRANULATIONS, Healing by, XVIIL 363.
GRANUSTHURM, ancient tower, Aix-la-
Chapelle, Prussia, I. 432.
GRANVELLA (AntoinePerrenot), Spanish
cardinal, XL 52; his rule in Holland,
xn. 74.
GRANVILLE, town, France, XL 52.
— , Earl (John Carteret), British states
man, XL 52.
GRAPE, GRAPES, Culture of, xn. 277;
culture for wine making, xxiv. 602;
dried, XX. 258; fermentation of juice
of, IX. 92.
GRAPE-SEED OIL, xvii. 744, 746.
GRAPE SHOT, i. 745.
GRAPE SUGAR, xxn. 623; its relation to
alcohol, I. 470.
GRAPEVINE, xii. 277; xxiv. 237,
604, 606.
GRAPHIC GRANITE, XL 49; xvi. 419.
G R A — G RE
189
GRAPHITE, mineral, xvi. 381 ; xix. 230;
nearly pure carbon, v. 86; crucibles
of, ix. 843; pencils of, xvm. 490.
GRAPHOTYPE, process of engraving, XL
53-
GRASLITZ, town, Bohemia, XL 53.
GRASMERE, lake, England, xxiv. 513.
GRASS, xi. 53.
, Spanish, or Esparto, vill. 547.
GRASSE, town, France, XL 53.
GRASSES, XL 53; culture of, I. 370.
GRASSHOPPER, insect, XL 60; xiv. 765;
blind, of Mammoth Cave, United States,
xv. 450.
, in Athenian headdress, VI. 454.
GRASSLITZ, town, Bohemia, XL 53.
GRASSMAN, Hermann G., investigator
of quaternions, XX. 163.
GRASS-SEEDS, Germination of, i. 371.
GRASS VALLEY, town, California, U.S. A.,
iv. 706.
GRATES, Tests for, in view of smoke
abatement, xxn. 181.
GRATIANUS, Augustus (Gratian), Roman
emperor, XL 60; his wars with the
Goths, xxin. 258.
• , Franciscus, Italian canonist, XL
60; 011 canon law, v. 18; Decretum of,
xxin. 832.
-, Johannes (Pope Gregory VI.), XL
176.
GRATICULATION, in maps, xxn. 714.
GRATINGS, Interference, in optics, xiv.
607; xxiv. 437.
GRATIUS FALISCUS, Roman poet, XL
60.
GRATTAN, Henry, Irish statesman and
orator, XL 61.
GRATZ, or Graz (q.v.), town, Austria, XL
63-
GRAUBUNDEN, or Orisons, canton,
Switzerland, XL 204; xxil. 778, 794.
GRAUDENZ, town, Prussia, XL 64.
GRAUN, Carl Heinrich, German com
poser, XL 64.
GRAVELINES, town, France, XL 65.
GRAVELOTTE, Lorraine, Battle of (1870),
ix. 627.
GRAVEL ROCKS, x. 236.
GRAVENHAGE, 's (The Hague, q.v.),
town, Holland, XL 371.
GRAVENHURST, W. H. Smith's work,
xxn. 179.
GRAVES, Robert James, Irish physician,
xv. 817.
GRAVESEND, town, England, XL 65;
xiv. 39.
, town, Long Island, New York,
U.S.A., xiv. 866.
GRAVES'S DISEASE, x. 740; xvm. 385.
GRAVINA, town, Italy, XL 65.
— , Giovanni Vincenzo, Italian critic
and jurisconsult, XL 65; xvi. 103 ;
xxiv. 212.
GRAVING DOCK, XL 469.
GRAVITATION, XL 66; n. 19, 780; xv.
708; discovery of the law of, II. 755;
xvil. 441; theories of, in. 64; theory
from vortex rings, ill. 46, 47.
GRAVITY, in mechanics, xv. 701, 729;
centre of, XL 69; Archimedes on
centre of, 1 1. 380.
, Specific, comparative density, xn.
538; tables, XII. 541.
GRAVOSA, port, Dalmatia, xx. 221.
GRAY, town, France, XL 75; XXL 301.
— , Asa, American botanist, xxin. 452.
— , David, Scottish poet, XL 75.
— , Elisha, his experiments in tele
phony, XXIII. 129.
— , G. R., on birds, xvm. 14, 16.
, John Edward, English naturalist,
XL 76; his plates of birds, XVlli. 11;
on reptiles, xx. 436; on tortoises,
xx. 441.
-, Robert, on birds, xvm. 18.
— , Stephen, his discoveries in elec
tricity, vni. 4, 5.
, Thomas, English poet, XL 77; his
place in English literature, vni. 429;
his relations with Walpole, xxiv. 334.
GRAYLE, or Grail (q.v.), The Holy, in
mediaeval legend, XL 34.
GRAYLING, fish, XL 78; xn. 693; XXL
221, 224, 225; angling for, n. 41.
GRAYLOCK MOUNTAIN, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., xxin. 792.
GRAY'S INN, legal society, London, xm.
87, 90.
GRAY SOUR, in bleaching, in. 816.
GRAY'S PEAK, Colorado range, United
States, xxin. 796.
GRAZ, town, Austria, XL 63; XXIL 614;
libraries, xiv. 547; university, xxin.
851.
GRAZALEMA, town, Spain, XL 78.
GRAZING, in relation to land tenure,
xiv. 270.
GRAZZINI, Anton francesco, Italian
writer, XL 78; xm. 510.
GREAT AUK, bird, x. 78.
GREAT BASSES, lighthouse, Ceylon, xiv.
617.
GREAT BERKHAMPSTEAD, town, Eng
land, in. 591.
GREAT BRITAIN, steamship, iv. 397;
structure of, XXL 815.
GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, United
Kingdom of, XL 79; xxin. 727.
GREAT CIRCLE SAILING, in navigation,
XVIL 266.
GREAT DRIFFIELD, town, England, vn.
470.
GREAT EASTERN, steamship, iv. 397;
XXL 66; structure of, XXL 815.
GREAT GLOSS, of Accursius, i. 91.
GREAT GRIMSBY, town, England, XL
402.
GREAT HARRY, British warship, xvn.
281.
GREATHEAD, Henry, life-boat con
structor, XXL 803.
GREAT HOGGARTY DIAMOND, Thack
eray's work, xxin. 214.
GREAT LAYMAN (Nicholas of Basel),
xvn. 486.
GREAT MARLOW, town, England, xv.
556.
GREAT OFFICERS OF STATE, English,
XXIL 458.
GREAT PRIVILEGE, The, of Holland
(1477), xn. 73.
GREATRAKES, Valentine, Irish mag-
netizer, xv. 277.
GREAT SALT LAKE, Utah, U.S.A.,
xiv. 222; xxi. 235; xxiv. 19.
GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, Utah, U.S.A.,
xvi. 827.
GREAT SEAL, of England, xxi. 587.
GREAT THING, Swedish tribal assem
bly, xxn. 744.
GREAT VALLEY, Pennsylvania and
Virginia, U.S.A., xvm. 499; XXIII.
794-
GREAT VEHICLE, Buddhist doctrine,
xiv. 226.
GREAT WESTERN, steamship, iv. 397;
structure of, XXL 815.
GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY, England,
iv. 397.
GREAT YARMOUTH, town, England,
xxiv. 728.
GREAVES, John, English mathematician
and antiquary, XL 79.
GREBE, bird, XL 79.
GREBELIANS, Swiss sect, xvi. 12.
GREBLIANOVICH, Lazar, prince of
Servia, XXI. 689.
GRECHETTO, II (G. B. Castiglione),
Italian painter, v. 195.
GRECIAN ARCHIPELAGO, 11. 381.
GRECO, El (D. Theotocopuli), painter,
XL 80.
GREECE, Ancient, XL 80, 89 (index, 1 53);
in the time of Homer, xn. in ;
relations with Darius I. of Persia,
XVlli. 570; invasion of, by Xerxes I.,
XVIIL 572; peace with Persia (c. 449),
xvm. 574; politics in time of Iso-
crates, xm. 390 ; conquest of, by
Alexander the Great, I. 481 ; by Rome,
IX. 287; xx. 751, 753; connexion
with Phoenicia, xvm. 805 ; with
Phrygia, xvm. 851 ; amphictyonies
of, I. 772 ; architecture, II. 401 ;
armies, II. 560 ; astrology, II. 740 ;
astronomy, n. 746; coins, XVII. 631,
642; colonies, VI. 158; drama, vn.
403; education, VII. 671; emigration
from, vill. 173; festivals, ix. 114;
games, x. 63; glass-making, x. 648;
libraries, xiv. 509; mythology, xvn.
153; pottery, Xix. 610; religion, xx.
371; xxin. 238; ships, xxi. 806;
slaves, xxn. 130.
, Modern, XL 80; new boundaries
of (1881), xxni. 653; revolt against
the Turks (1824), xxm. 649; inde
pendence of (1828), XVIL 485; xxm.
650; church, XL 157; drama, VII. 419;
Jews in, XIII. 685; libraries, XIV. 549;
190
G H E — G R E
mineral products, XVI. 469; national
debt, xvn. 246 ; newspapers, XVII.
431 ; observatory, at Athens, XVII.
714; periodical literature, XVlll. 543.
GREECE, History of, Grote's, XI. 214.
G.REEK ACCENT, i. 80.
GREEK ALPHABET, i. 609.
GREEK ANTHOLOGY, n. 103.
GREEK CHURCH, xi. 154; its origin,
XI. 111; bishops in, ill. 788; image-
worship in, XII. 713; liturgical ser
vices of, xiv. 710; married priests in,
v. 293; in Europe, vill. 712; in
Greece, XI. 86; in Russia, XXI. 8r.
GREEK DRAMA, Ancient, vn. 403 ;
modern, vil. 419.
GREEK EMPIRE, or Byzantine Empire,
XI. 106, 114; invasion of, by Turks
(1453), XXIII. 641 ; coins of, XVII.
654.
GREEK FIRE, XL 159, 317; n. 655;
Joinville's description of, XIII. 734.
GREEK GRAMMAR, XL 43 ; of the
Homeric poems, XII. 114.
GREEK INSCRIPTIONS, XIIL 121.
GREEK LANGUAGE, XL 126; xvm.
784; dictionaries of, vil. 183.
GREEK LITERATURE, XL 136; rhetoric,
xx. 508; romance, XX. 633; Manutius's
services to, xv. 513; revival of study
of, in England, vin. 414.
GREEK NUMERALS, xvn. 625.
GREEKS, in Asia, n. 699; XIIL 204;
XVIIL 583, 592, 599.
GREEK TESTAMENT, n. 648; Alford's
i. 505; Erasmus's, vm. 517; Tischen-
dorfs, xxiii. 409.
GREEK WRITING, XVIIL 145.
GREELEY, Horace, American writer and
politician, XL 160; xvn. 434; xxin.
784.
GREELY, Adolphus W., American Arctic
explorer, XIX. 326.
GREEN, Pigments of, xix. 88.
, Benjamin, American journalist,
xvn. 433.
, Charles, aeronaut, I. 191; his great
Nassau balloon, I. 192.
, George, his mathematical theory
of electricity, vill. 15.
GREENBACKS, paper currency, United
States, xxin. 775.
GREEN BAY, town, "Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
XL 162.
GREENBRIER, sulphur springs, West
Virginia, U.S.A., xxiv. 518.
GREEN COLOURS, in dyeing, vn. 578.
CROP FALLOW, i. 337.
GREENE, Maurice, English musical com
poser, XL 163.
— , Nathanael, American general, XL
163-
, Robert, English dramatist and
pastoral poet, XL 163; vn.429; XVIIL
346; XXL 758, 762.
GREENFINCH, bird, XL 165.
GREENGAGE, fruit, xix. 230.
GREENHALGH CASTLE, Lancashire,
England, xiv. 254.
GREENHEART, timber tree, XL 165.
GREENHOUSE, in horticulture, xn. 222,
261.
GREENLAND, Arctic country, XL 166;
VIL 83; Icelandic works on its dis
covery, xii. 624; birds of, in. 753;
Eskimo, vin. 544; explorations of,
xix. 316, 324; Miocene rocks, x. 364;
Christian missions to, vil. 696; seal
fisheries, XXL 582 ; whale fishery,
xxiv. 526.
, Emma Jane (Mrs Hooker), her pro
cess of encaustic painting, vin. 187.
— SEA, xvii. 592.
— SHARK, xxi. 777.
GREENLAW, town, Scotland, in. 613.
GREENLEAF, Simon, American jurist,
XL 171.
GREEN LINNET, bird, XL 165.
GREEN MOUNTAINS, Canada and United
States, i. 678; xx. 165; xxin. 792;
xxiv. 166.
GREENOCK, town, Scotland, XL 172;
population, xxi. 528.
GREENOCKITE, mineral, xvi. 392.
GREENOUGH, Horatio, American sculp
tor, XL 173.
GREENOVITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
GREENSHANK, bird, XL 173.
GREENSTONE, rock, x. 235.
GREEN TEA, xxin. 99.
GREEN TURTLE, xxin. 458.
GREENVILLE, town, South Carolina,
U.S.A., xxn. 288.
GREENWICH, town, England, XL 173;
xiv. 821, 822; Eoyal Naval College at,
xvn. 263; Eoyal Observatory at, n.
756; xvn. 710; founding of obser
vatory (1657), XVII. 257; telescopes
at observatory, xxin. 147.
, suburb of New York, U.S.A.,
xvn. 458.
GREENWOOD, John, English Inde
pendent, xii. 724.
GREETINGS, or Salutations, xxi. 235.
GREGALE, wind, Mediterranean Sea,
xv. 340; xvi. 149.
GREGARINA BLATTARUM, species of
Protozoa, xix. 854.
GREGARINIDA, group of parasites, XVIIL
259.
GREGARINIDEA, subclass of Protozoa,
xix. 853.
GREGOIRE, Henri, French bishop and
Revolutionist, XL 174.
GREGORIAN CALENDAR, iv. 667, 671.
GREGORIAN CHANT, xix. 169.
GREGORIAN CODE, in Roman law, xx.
711.
GREGORIAN Music, xvn. 80.
GREGORIAN TELESCOPE, xxin. 145.
GREGORY, St, the Illuminator, founder
of Armenian Church, XL 179; II. 548.
— , St, of Nazianzus, XL 179; as hymn-
writer, XII. 579.
GREGORY, St, of Nyssa, XL 180.
— , St, Thaumaturgus, XL 181; creed
of, VI. 559; on penance, xvi 1 1. 486.
, St, of Tours, Frankish historian,
xi. 181.
-, I., Stj the Great, pope, XL 175 ;
xix. 493 ; XX. 783 ; promoter of
church music, xvn. 80 ; his contest
with the Lombards, XIV. 815.
II., St, pope, xi. 176; xx. 783,
785.
III., St, pope, XL 176; xix. 494.
IV., pope, XL 176.
V., pope, XL 176; XIX. 497; xx.
789.
— VI., pope, XL 176; xix. 494, 498.
-VIL, St, pope, XL 176; xin. 471;
xix. 498, 499; xx. 791; his conten
tions with the emperor Henry IV.,
X. 488; XL 668.
— VIII., pope, XL 178.
— VIII., antipope, xix. 500.
— IX., pope, XL 178; XIIL 475; XX.
795-
X., pope, XL 178; xix. 501.
XL, pope, XL 178; xix. 502; xx.
2
XI L, pope, XL 178; xx. 804.
XIIL, pope, XL 178; xix. 504.
XIV., pope, XL 178.
XV., pope, XL 178; xix. 505.
XVI., pope, XL 179; xix. 509.
of Cyprus, Syriac writer, xxn.
828.
of Heimburg, Reformer, xx. 323.
of Tusculum, Italian noble, xx.
790.
— , David (1628- 1 720), Scottish scient
ist, XL 182.
— , David (1661-1708), Scottish mathe
matician, XL 182.
— , Duncan Farquharson, Scottish
chemist and mathematician, XL 183;
his trigonometrical series, xxin. 570,
— , James (1638-1675), Scottish ma
thematician, XI. 182; on squaring the
circle, XXII. 435; his reflecting tele
scope, xxin. 137, 145.
— , James (1753-1821), Scottish physi
cian, XL 183; XV. 817.
— , John, Scottish physician, XL 182.
-, Olinthus, English mathematician,
xi. 183.
, William, Scottish chemist, XL 183;
his translation of Reichenbach's
Researches on Magnetism, xv. 278.
GREGORY'S SERIES, in trigonometry,
xxin. 570, 571.
GREIFENBERG, town, Prussia, XL 183.
GREIFENHAGEN, town, Prussia, XL 183.
GREIFSWALD, town, Prussia, XL 183 ;
university, XXIII. 842.
GREIZ, or Greitz, town, Germany, XL
184; xx. 493.
GRENADA, island, West Indies, XL 184;
xxiv. 510.
G K E — G K O
191
GRENADINE, woven fabric, xvii. 109.
GRENADINES, islands, West Indies, XL
184.
CRENELLE, France, Artesian well at, n.
645.
GRENOBLE, town, France, XL 184;
university, XXIII. 839.
GRENVILLE, Lord (William Wyndham),
English statesman, XI. 186.
, George, English statesman, XL
185; vin. 357.
GRESHAM, Sir Thomas, London mer
chant, xi. 1 86.
GRESHAM'S LAW, regarding coin, xvi.
731-
GRESIK, town, Java, xin. 606.
CRESSET, Jean Baptiste, French poet,
XL 187.
GRETRY, Andre Ernest Modeste, French
musical composer, XI. 187.
GREUZE, Jean Baptiste, French painter,
XL 188.
GREVENMACHER, town, Luxemburg,
xv. 87.
GREVILLE, Charles Cavendish Fulke,
English writer, XI. 189.
GREVINCHOVIUS, Nicholaus, Dutch
theologian, I. 736.
GREW, Nehemiah, English botanist and
physiologist, XL 189; on the sexes of
plants, IV. 82.
GREV, Second Earl, English statesman,
XL 190.
, Lord Arthur, lord-lieutenant of
Ireland, XXII. 393.
, Sir George, on prison discipline,
xix. 752.
, George A., on reclaiming moor-
lauds, I. 402.
, Lady Jane, XL 193 ; vn. 686;
vin. 338, 339; xv. 593.
, Sir Ralph, degraded from knight
hood, xiv. 125.
, Richard, his system of mnemonics,
xvi. 533.
GREYBEARD POTTERY, xix. 631.
GREYHEN, bird, XL 222.
GREYHOUNDS, vn. 327; coursing with,
vi. 515.
GREYLING, or Grayling (</.r.), XL 78;
ii. 41.
GREY POWDER, in therapeutics, xvi.
34-
GREYTOWN, town, Nicaragua, Central
America, XL 194; xvn. 477.
GREYWACKE, rock, x. 231, 237.
GRIBBLE, crustacean, vi. 659.
GRIBEAUVAL, Jean B. Yaquette de,
French artillerist, II. 658.
GRIBOYEDOFF, or Griboiedoff, Alex
ander Sergueevich, Russian dramatist,
XL 194; XXL 107.
GRIDGI, town, Dahomey, Africa, vi.
764.
GRIESBACH, spa, Germany, xvi. 434.
— , Johann Jakob, German Biblical
critic, XL 194.
RIESBACH, John Henry, English sym-
phonist, xvil. 97.
GRIESELTSTOCK, mountain, Switzer
land, XXL 465.
GRIFFE, in architecture, II. 465.
GRIFFIN, or Gryphon, legendary animal,
XL 195; v. 587.
— , in heraldry, XL 702.
— , Gerald, Irish novelist and drama
tist, XI. 195.
GRIFFITH, William, Wesleyan seceder,
xvi. 190.
— AP CYNAN, Welsh prince, vil.
791.
— GAUNT, Reade's novel, XX. 303.
GRIGNAN, Madame de, daughter of
Madame de Sevigne, XXL 704.
GRIGOROVICH, Dmitri Vasilievich, Rus
sian novelist, xx I. 108.
GRILLE, in architecture, II. 465.
GRILLPARZER, Franz, German drama
tist, XL 196.
GRILSE, young salmon, XXL 224.
GRIMACE, as medium of expression,
xvni. 767.
GRIMALDI, Giovanni Francesco, Italian
architect and painter, XL 197.
, Joseph, pantomimist, xvill. 216.
GRIMANI, Marino, doge of Venice, xxiv.
146.
GRIMES DYKE, Oxfordshire, England,
xvni. 94.
GRIMM, Friedrich Melchior, Baron von,
French writer, XL 197.
, Jacob Lad wig Carl, German philo
logist, XI. 198; x. 543; his fairy tales.
XXIIL 27; on comparative philology,
xvni. 781.
, Wilhelm Carl, German philologist,
XL 201; x. 543.
GRIMMA, town, Saxony, XL 202.
GRIMMELSHAUSEN, Hans J. C. von,
German writer, x. 531.
GRIMM'S LAW, of correspondence of
consonants, XI. 200; XX. 286.
GRIMOALD, Guillaume de (Pope Urban
V.), xxiv. 8.
GRIMSBY, Great, town, England, XL
202; its fisheries, IX. 249.
GRINDAL, Edmund, archbishop of
Canterbury, XI. 202.
GRINDING MILLS, for flour, ix. 344.
GRINDSTONE, XL 203; Newcastle, xvn.
566.
GRINGOIRE, Gringon, or Gringore,
Pierre, mediaeval poet, XL 203; IX.
651.
GRINNELL, Moses H., American pro
moter of Arctic exploration, xix. 322.
— ARCTIC EXPEDITION, xm. 837.
GRIPHOSAURUS, fossil bird, xvni. 34.
GRIQUALAND EAST, part of Katfraria,
South Africa, xm. 817.
GRIQUALAND WEST, province, South
Africa, XL 204; I. 270.
GRISELDIS, The Patience of, romance,
xx. 659.
GRISON, carnivorous manmial, xv.
440.
GRISONS, canton, Switzerland, XL 204;
xx. 504; xxii. 778, 794.
GRISOPOLIS (Parma), mediaeval town,
Italy, xvni. 314.
GRISSEE (Gresik), town, Java, xm.
606.
GRIVEGNEE, town, Belgium, XL 205.
GRIZZLY BEAR, in. 462.
GROAT, coin, xvn. 655.
GROCHOWO, Poland, Battle of (1831),
xxiv. 376.
GROCHOWSKI, Stanislaus, Polish poet,
xix. 300.
GROCYN, William, English scholar, XL
205; VIIL 414.
GRODNO, government, Russia, XL 206;
XXL 69; town, XL 206.
GROEN VAN PRINSTERER, Wilhelm,
Dutch statesman and historian, XI.
206.
GROIN, in architecture, II. 465.
GROJEC, town, Russian Poland, xxiv.
375
GROLIER, Jean, his style of bookbinding,
iv. 41.
GROMIA, genus of Foraminifera, ix.
373'
GROMIDEA, order of Protozoa, xix.
845
GRONGAR HILL, Dyer's poem, vn.
580.
GRONINGEN, town, Holland, XL 206;
university, XXIIL 850.
GRONOV, or Gronovius, Jakob, Dutch
scholar, XL 207.
, or Gronovius, Johann Friedrich,
German scholar and critic, XL 207.
GRONOVIUS, J. F., Dutch naturalist,
xiv. 673.
GROOM BRIDGE, Stephen, his observa
tory, Blackheath, England, xvn. 711.
GROOMING, of horses, xii. 192.
GROOM OF THE STOLE, XXL 37.
GROOT, Albert (Albertus Magnus, q.v.),
on alchemy, I. 464; on birds, xvill. 3.
— , Gerhard, founder of Brethren of
the Common Life, XI 207; xvi. 711;
xvn. 134.
-, Huig van (Grotius, q.v.\ Dutch
scholar and jurist, xi 217.
GROOVE-BILL, bird, xxin 477.
GROS, Antoine Jean, Baron, French
painter, XI 208.
GROSBEAK, bird, XL 209; xxiv. 463.
GROSE, Francis, English antiquary, XL
209.
GROSSBEEREN, Prussia, Battle of (1813),
XVII. 220,
GROSSE ISLE, quarantine station,
Canada, xx. 167.
GROSSENHAIN, town, Saxony, XL 210.
GROSSER BEERBERG, mountain, Ger
many, XXL 347; XXIIL 332.
GROSSETESTE, Robert, bishop of Lincoln,
xi. 210; vin. 373, 410; XXL 427.
192
G R 0— G U A
GROSSETO, town, Italy, xi. 212.
GROSSGEBAUER, Theophilus, German
pietist, xix. 83.
GROSS-GORSCHEN, Prussia, Battle of
(1813), xvii. 219.
GROSSI, Tommaso, Italian poet and
novelist, xi. 212.
GROSSINGER, on birds, xvm. 8.
GROSSULARITE, variety of garnet, x.
82.
GROSSWARDEIN, town, Hungary, xi.
212.
GROS VENEUR, legend, xin. 674.
GROTE, George, English historian, XI.
212; his theory of the Greek sophists,
XXII. 268.
, Harriet, English writer, xi. 216.
GROTEFEND, Georg Friedrich, German
philologist, xi. 217.
GROTESQUE, The, in ancient and mediae
val art, V. 103; in decoration, II. 234;
in painting, IX. 69.
GROTIUS, Hugo, Dutch scholar and
jurist, xi. 217; his translations from
the Anthology, II. 105; on the balance
of power, in. 267; his ethical teaching,
vin. 596; Pufendorf s relation to, xx.
100.
GROTON, town, Connecticut, U.S.A., xi.
22 I.
GROTTAGLIE, town, Italy, xi. 221.
GROTTOES, Egyptian, vn. 774; sacred,
xxm. 165.
GROUNDNUT, xi. 221; xvn. 664; of
Senegal, xxi. 660.
GROUND-NUT CAKE, xvii. 739.
GROUND-NUT OIL, xvii. 744, 746.
GROUND PARROT, of New Zealand,
xin. 825.
GROUND RENT, xx. 403.
GROUNDSEL, plant, xi. 221.
GROUSE, bird, XI. 221; distribution of,
in. 757.
— , Sand, bird, XXI. 258.
GROUSE-SHOOTING, xxi. 834.
GROUTING, in building, IV. 462.
GROVE, Sacred, xi. 223.
G ROVER, William A., improver of sewing
machine, xxi. 719.
GROVE'S ELECTRIC GAS BATTERY, vin.
87.
GROWTH, of animals, xvn. 686; vege
table, xix. 57.
GROYNE, The (Corunna), town, Spain,
vi. 443.
GROZNYI, town, Russia, xxm. 186.
GRUBB, Sir Howard, his micrometer,
xvi. 244, 248; his telescopes, xxm.
141, 148, 150.
GRUBBER, agricultural implement, I.
312.
GRUBER, Johann Gottfried, German
scholar, XI. 224.
GRUEBER, John, traveller in Tibet, Xiv.
503-
GRUFFYD AB CYNAN, Welsh prince, v.
319-
GRUGRU NUT, xvii. 664.
GRUN, Anastasius (Count of Auersperg),
Austrian poet, XI. 224; x. 546.
— , Hans Baldung, German painter,
xi. 224; as wood-engraver, vin. 437.
GRUNAUITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
GRUNBERG, town, Prussia, xi. 225.
GRUNDTVIG, Nikolai Frederik Severin,
Danish poet and statesman, xi. 225;
vii. 92.
GRUNEBERG, town, Prussia, XL 225.
GRUNERITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
GRUNEWALD, Mathias, German painter,
xi. 225.
GRUNWALD, Prussia, Battle of (1410),
xix. 289.
GRUOCH, wife of Macbeth, xv. 130.
GRUSIANS, or Georgians, race of people,
Caucasus, v. 257.
GRUTER, Jan, Dutch scholar and critic,
xi. 226.
GRUYERE, district, Switzerland, xi. 226;
ix. 764.
— CHEESE, v. 456; xin. 452.
GRUYTERE, or Grater, Jan, Dutch
scholar and critic, XI. 226.
GRYAZOVETS, town, Russia, xxiv. 283.
GRYFE, river, Scotland, xx. 395.
GRYLLID^E, group of insects, xm.
152.
GRYLLOTALPA VULGARIS, wheat pest,
xxiv. 534.
GRYN/EUS, Johann Jakob, German
theologian, xi. 226.
, Simon, German theologian, xi.
226.
GRYNER, Johan Jakob (Grynreus), Ger
man theologian, XI. 226.
GRYPHIUS, Andreas, German poet and
dramatist, xi. 226; vn. 440; x. 530.
GRYPHON, legendary animal, xi. 195.
, in heraldry, XI. 702.
GSEN-RABS, founder of Bon-pa religion,
Tibet, xxm. 344.
GUACHARO, bird, XI. 227.
GUACO, plant, xi. 227.
GUADALAJARA, province, Spain, xi.
228; XXII. 298: town, xi. 228.
— , town, Mexico, xi. 229; xvi. 214.
GUADALAVIAR, river, Spain, xxiv. 33.
GUADALHORCE, river, Spain, xv. 315.
GUADALQUIVIR, river, Spain, xxn.
295.
GUADALUPE MOUNTAINS, Texas,
U.S.A., xxm. 204.
GUADANCAL,one of the Solomon Islands,
South Pacific, xxn. 252.
GUADARRAMA, Sierra de, Spain, xxn.
294.
GUADELOUPE, island, West Indies, XL
229; ix. 526; population, xxiv. 510.
GUADIANA, river, Spain, xxn. 295.
— , or Durango, town, Mexico, vn.
GUADIX, town, Spain, xi. 230.
GUADUAS, town, Colombia,
America, XI. 230.
South
GUAHAN, island, Ladrones, South
Pacific, xiv. 199.
GUAIACOL, product of wood distillation,
XXlil. 57.
GUAIACUM, tree, XI. 230.
GUAIRA, La, town, Venezuela, South
America, XL 242; xxiv. 140.
GUAISHI, Nihon, Japanese historical
work, xm. 587.
GUAITECAS ISLANDS, Patagonia, xvm.
352.
GUALDO TADINO, town, Italy, XL 232.
GUALEGUAY, town, Argentine Republic,
XL 232.
GUALEGUAYCHU, town, Argentine Re
public, XL 232.
GUAN, bird, XL 232.
GUANACO, ungulate mammal, XL 232;
I. 598; IV. 12; xiv. 739; of Patagonia,
XVHI. 353; influence of domestication
on, iv. 251.
GUANAHANI, first American land sighted
by Columbus, vi. 173.
GUANAJUATITE, mineral, xvi. 393.
GUANAJUATO, town, Mexico, XL 233;
xvi. 214; state, xvi. 214.
GUANAPE, guano islet, Peru, XVIIL 671.
— , town, Peru, xvm. 674.
GUANCABELICA, town, Peru, xil. 327.
GUANCHES, people, Canary Islands, iv.
796.
GUANO, XL 233; I. 347; Peruvian de
posits, V. 673; XVIIL 671, 675; intro
duction of, as manure, I. 305; manu-
rial value of, xv. 511; sewage sludge
so called, xxi. 712.
GUANUCO, town, Peru, XIL 327.
GUAO, or Guaco, plant, XL 227.
GUARANA, plant and fruit, XL 235.
GUARANIS, South-American Indians, I.
702; XII. 829; XVIIL 244.
GUARANTEE, or Guaranty, in English
law, XL 236 ; distinguished from
warranty, xxiv. 372.
GUARAPO, drink from sugar-cane, iv.
264.
GUARATINGUETA, town, Brazil, XL
236.
GUARDI, Francesco, Venetian painter,
XL 236.
GUARDIAN, in law, xm. 2; in Roman
law, XVIIL 413; xx. 672, 688; the
mother as, xxiv. 641.
GUARIENTO, Italian painter, XL 236.
GUARINI, Giovanni Battista, Italian
dramatist, XL 236; vn. 418: xxm.
78.
GUARINO, orGuarinus, of Favora, Italian
scholar, XL 238.
, or Guarinus, of Verona, Italian
scholar, XL 238.
GUARNERIUS, or Irnerius, Italian jurist,
xin. 277.
GUASTALLA, town, Italy, XL 238.
GUATEMALA, republic, Central America,
XL 238; I. 714; ancient state, xvi.
208; revolt against Spain (1820), i.
G U A — G U I
193
710; Indian tribes, xn. 828; railways,
xx. 252.
GUATEMALA, town, Guatemala re
public, xi. 241.
GUATIMOZIN, emperor of Mexico, VI.
442.
GUATTERIA, tree, xiv. 259.
GUAVA, fruit, xi. 242.
GUAVIARE, affluent of Orinoco, South
America, xvn. 843.
GUAYANA, or Guiana (q.v.), territory,
South America, XI. 249.
GUAYAQUIL, town, Ecuador, South
America, XI. 242; people and races of,
I. 89.
, river, Ecuador, VII. 646,
GUAYAQUILLITE, mineral, XVI. 428.
GUAYRA, La, town, Venezuela, South
America, XI. 242; xxiv. 140.
, Falls of, Brazil, IV. 222.
GUAZA, or Ganja, hemp resin, in. 627;
xi. 648.
GUBBIO, town, Italy, xi. 242; vill. 664;
majolica ware of, xix. 626.
GUBBO, or Gumbo, plant, XI. 276.
GUBEN, town, Prussia, xi. 243.
GUCUMATZ, Legend of, Central America,
xvi. 208.
GUDALUR PASS, Nilgiri Hills, India,
xvn. 509.
, or Cuddalor, town, India, VI. 688.
GUDBRAND LAAGEN, river, Norway,
xvn. 575.
GUDGEON, fish, XL 243; angling for, n.
43-
GUDRUN, German epic, x. 524.
, heroine of the Nibelungenlied,
xvii. 474.
GUEBWILLER, or Gebweiler, town, Ger
man Alsace, x. 126.
GUEJARITE, mineral, xvi. 394.
GUELDERLAND, ancient duchy, Ger
many, xi. 243.
, province, Holland, XI. 244.
GUELDER ROSE, shrub, XL 244.
GUELDERS, or Guelderland, ancient
duchy, Germany, XI. 243.
, town, Rhenish Prussia, XI. 244.
GUELFS, Italian party, XI. 244; XIII.
472, 475; origin of, vill. 558; in time
of Dante, VI. 810; in Florence, IX. 333;
in Rome, XX. 796; in Siena, xxn. 40.
GUELPH, town, Ontario, Canada, xi.
245.
GUEMENE, town, France, XVI. 813.
GUENAU DE MONTBEILLARD, Philibert,
on birds, XVIII. 6.
GUENDAR, or Gondar, town, Abyssinia,
x. 770.
GUENEE, Antoine, French writer, IX.
669.
GUERANDE, France, Treaty of (1365), IX.
547-
GUERCINO, Barbieri, Italian painter,
in. 364.
GUERET, town, France, XI. 245.
GUERICKE Otto von, German scientist,
XI. 245; inventor of air-pump, I. 429;
xix. 246; discoverer of electric light,
VIII. 4.
GUERIGNY, town, France, XVII. 496.
GUERIN, Eugenie de, French poetess,
XL 246.
— , Georges Maurice de, French poet,
xi. 246.
, Jean Baptiste Paulin, French
painter, xi. 246.
-, Pierre Narcisse, French painter, XI.
246.
— DE MONTGLANE, romance, XX. 651.
GUERNSEY, Channel Islands, England,
XI. 247; newspapers of, xvn. 423.
GUERRA, Aureliano Fernandez, Spanish
writer, XXII. 362.
DE GRANADA, Mendoza's work,
xvi. 10.
GUERRAS DE GRANADA, Perez de Hita's
work, xx. 659.
GUERRAZZI, Francesco Domeni co, Italian
writer and politician, XI. 248; XIII.
516.
GUERRERO, town, Mexico, XI. 248; state,
xvi. 214.
GUERRIERO, or Guariento, Italian
painter, XL 236.
GUESCLIN, Bertrand clu, constable of
France, vn. 517; IX. 547.
GUEST, Lady Charlotte, on Welsh
literature, v. 319.
GUESTLING, Court of Brotherhood and,
Cinque Ports, England, v. 787.
GUEVARA, Antonio de, Spanish mora
list, xi. 248; euphuism traceable to
his Dial for Princes, XV. 104.
, Luis Velez de, Spanish dramatist,
xi. 248; xxn. 358.
GUEVEI, pigmy antelope, II. 101.
GUGAIRA, district, India, xvi. 789.
GUGLER WAR, Switzerland (1374-75),
xxn. 784.
GUGLIELMI, Pietro, Italian musician,
xi. 248.
GUGLIELMINI, Domenico, on the motion
of water, xn. 436.
GUIANA, territory, South America, XL
249.
, British, South America, XL 249;
birds, XVIIL 1 6 ; forests, IX. 406 ;
Indians, XII. 828; mines, xvi. 471.
, Dutch, South America, XL 251.
, French, South America, XL 253.
CURRENT, in. 19.
GUIBERT of Nogent, French theo
logian, XL 255.
of Ravenna (Clement III., anti-
pope), XL 255.
GUICCIARDINI, Francesco, Italian his
torian and statesman, XL 255; XIIL
509; his intercourse with Machiavelli,
xv. 151.
GUICCIOLI, Countess, her relations with
Byron, IV. 610.
GUICHARD of Beaulieu, Anglo-Norman
writer, VI 1 1. 407.
GuiCOWAR, or Gaikwar, Mahratta ruler,
in. 381; xv. 290.
GUIDE OF THE PERPLEXED, Maimo-
nides's work, xv. 296.
GUIDI, Carlo Alessandro, Italian poet,
XL 257.
•, Tommaso (Masaccio), Italian
painter, xv. 605.
GUIDICCIONI, Giovanni, Italian poet,
XL 257; XIIL 509.
GUIDIMAKHA, state, Senegambia, West
Africa, XXL 663.
GuiDO of Arezzo, Italian musician,
XL 257 ; his alleged inventions in
musical notation, xvn. 80.
of Siena, Italian painter, XL
258.
DELLE COLONNE, Italian poet,
XIIL 499 ; his Trojan history xx.
639-
RENI, Italian painter, xx. 396;
XXL 437.
GUIENNE, Old French province, XL
258.
GUIERS, river, France, xx. 528.
GUIGNES, Joseph de, French Orientalist,
XL 258.
Gui-HuA-TCHENG, or Kuku Khoto,
town, China, Xiv. 153.
GUIJA, Lake, Guatemala, XL 239.
GUILD, GUILDS, XL 259; vi. 39; ix.
780; as castes, v. 189; municipal,
xvii. 30; of London, xiv. 819; of
Liibeck, xv. 33; early scholastic, xxin.
833; trade, II. 213; iv. 63; xix. 353;
effect of trade guilds on wages, xxiv.
310.
GuiLDFORD, town, England, XL 262;
xxii. 694.
, town, Western Australia, xxiv.
508.
, Earl of (John Maitland), statesman,
xv. 308.
, Earl of (Frederick North), English
statesman, xvn. 553.
GUILDHALL, London, xiv. 820.
GUILLEMOT, bird, XL 262.
GUILLOTINE, for decapitation, XL 263.
, Joseph Ignace, French Revolution
ist, XL 263.
GUIMARAES, town, Portugal, XL 264.
GUINAND, Pierre Louis, manufacturer
of optical flint glass, xxin. 139.
GUINEA, region, West Coast of Africa,
XL 264; climate of, I. 269; forests,
IX. 408; Negroes, xv 1 1. 316.
CORN, Indian millet, vil. 564; xvi.
321.
CURRENT, in Atlantic, in. 20.
FOWL, bird, XL 264; xix 646;
xxin. 657.
GUINEA-GOOSE, bird, X. 778.
GUINEA-GRAINS, drug and spice, XL
36; XVIIL 517.
GUINEAN SUBREGION, of birds, III.
759-
GUINEA PEPPER, vegetable, xn. 280.
XXV. — 25
194
G U I — G U S
GuiNEA-PlG, rodent mammal, v. 277;
xv. 421.
GUINEA-WORM, parasitic nematoid
worm, xvn. 325; xvni. 271.
GUINEGATE, France, Battle of (1479),
IX. 553-
GUINEVERE, wife of King Arthur, xx.
647.
GuiNGAMP, town, France, XI. 265.
GUINICELLI, Guido, Italian poet, XIII.
501.
GuiON, or Guyon, Madame, French
mystic, xi. 341; xvn. 134.
GUIPURE, variety of lace, xiv. 189.
GuiPUZCOA, province, Spain, xi. 265.
GUIRAUT DE BORNEIL, Provengal poet,
xix. 874.
GUIRIA, town, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
GUIRLANDE DE JULIE, collection of
French poems, XX. 264.
GuiRON, in Arthurian romance, XX. 648.
GuiSBOROUGH, town, England, XI. 265.
GuiSCARD, Marquis de, his attempt to
assassinate Harley, xvni. 100.
, Robert, duke of Apulia," crusader,
vi. 623; xiii. 470; xx. 596, 791.
GUISE, town, France, xi. 265.
, House of, French noble family, XI.
265; ix. 557.
GUITAR, musical instrixment, xi. 267.
Guix-GuiT, bird, xxn. 628.
GUITTONE D' AREZZO, Italian poet, xin.
501, 502.
GuiZOT, Frangois Pierre Guillaume,
French historian and statesman, XI.
268; ix. 620, 68 1.
, Madame, French Huguenot, XI.
268.
GUJARAT, or Guzerat, district, India, xi.
344-
GUJARS, Indian race, XH. 746.
GUJRANWALA, district, India, XI. 273;
xx. 109; town, XI. 273.
GUJRAT, district, India, XI. 273; xx.
109; town, xi. 274; battle of (1849),
xx. 112.
GULA, river, Norway, xvn. 575.
GULAB SlNGH, ruler in_Punjab, India,
xx. 112.
GULDENMANN, Catherine, mother of
Kepler, xiv. 47.
GULDIN'S THEOREMS, in mensuration,
xvi. 28.
GULEDIG, the historic King Arthur, II.
651.
GULF STREAM, Atlantic current, in.
19; x. 219; xvn. 593; its influence
on the temperature of Norway, xvn.
580; temperature of, xxiv. 510.
GULL, bird, XI. 274.
GULLET, Anatomy of the, vn. 223.
GULLIVER'S TRAVELS, Swift's work,
xxn. 766.
GULMORE FORT, Donegal, Ireland, vn.
363-
GULO, genus of carnivorous mammals,
x. 696; xv. 440.
GUM, xi. 275; in plants, IV. 88.
, British, or Dextrin, VII. 146.
, Orenburg, xiv. 310.
, Sweet, or Liquidambar, xiv. 687.
GUMA, town, Turkestan, xxiv. 728.
GUMJELIUS, Gustaf Vilhelm, Swedish
novelist, xxn. 757.
GUM ARABIC, xi. 275.
GUMARAM KHOKH, mountain, Cau
casus, v. 253.
GUM-BENJAMIN, or Benzoin, gum resin,
in. 581.
GUMBINNEN, town, Prussia, xi. 276.
GUMBO, plant, xi. 276.
GUM-DRAGON, incense, XII. 718.
GUMMITE, mineral, XVI. 388
GUM-RESINS, xi. 276; xvn. 121.
GUMRI, town, Russian Armenia, XI.
277.
GUMTI, river, India, XVII. 572; XXII.
637-
GUM-TREES, in. no; vm. 649; xxiv.
216.
GUN, xi. 278. See Guns.
GUN-CARRIAGES, n. 664; xi. 310.
GUN-COTTON, xi. 277; vin. 808, 811;
blasting by, III. 808.
GUNDAPHORUS, Parthian king, XXIII.
308.
GUNDLAKAMMA, river, India, xvn. 320.
GUNDULITSCH, or Gundulic, Ivan,
Dalmatian poet, XL 278; XXL 690.
GUNGOH (Gangoh), town, India, xxi.
152.
GUNIB, mountain, Caucasus, V. 254.
GUNJA, or Ganja, hemp resin, III. 627;
XL 648.
GUNMAKING, XI. 278; XXI. 833.
GUN METAL, Strength of, xxn. 603.
GUNNAR, hero of the Nibelungenlied,
XVII. 474.
GUNNER, Naval, his duties, xvn. 293.
GUNNERUS, Johan Ernst, Norse
botanist, XVII. 590.
GUNNERY, XL 297; rangefinder, xxin.
126; sighting, XXII. 46; Robins's
experiments in, xx. 607.
GUNNY, cloth, xi. 315; xin. 801.
GUNONG, Malay word for mountain,
xin. 601; xv. 321.
GUNPOWDER, xi. 316; vin. 807; dis
covery of, by the Arabs, II. 265; first
use of, n. 655; early notices of, 1 1.
557; knowledge of, ascribed to
Anthemius, n. 103; work done by,
xi. 293.
- PLOT (1605), England, ix. 57;
xin. 558.
GUNS, XL 278, 297; ancient, n. 557;
field, of steel bronze, IV. 366; naval,
xvn. 286; for sporting, xxi. 832.
GUNS, town, Hungary, XL 330.
GUNTER, Edmund, English mathe
matician, XL 330; XXIII. 562; his
navigation tables, xvn. 255.
GUNTER'S CHAIN, of 100 links, for
surveying, XXII. 708.
GUNTHAMUND, Vandal king, xxiv.
59-
GUNTHER, hero of the Nibelungenlied,
xvn. 475.
GUNTHER, counts of Schwarzburg, XXI.
462.
, Johann Christian, German poet,
xi. 331; x. 532.
GUNTOOR, town, India, XL 331.
GUOTODIN, district, Celtic Britain, v.
301.
GUPTAS, Indian dynasty, xn. 790.
GURABO, town, Porto Rico, xix. 532.
GURAGUE, language, North-East Africa,
xxi. 656.
GURAN, Kurdish dialect, xiv. 157.
GURANS, tribe, Kurdistan, xiv. 1 59.
GURDASPUR, district, India, XL 331;
xx. 109.
GURGAN, river, Persia, xvni. 620.
GURGAON, district, India, XL 331; xx.
109.
GURGOYLE, or Gargoyle, in architecture,
n. 465.
GURHWAL, or Garhwal, district, India,
x. 80.
GURIANS, race of people, Caucasus, v.
257.
GURIEFF, town, Russia, xxiv. 6.
GUR KHAN, ruler, in Central Asia, xix.
716.
GURKHAS, or Goorkhas, Nepalese race,
xn. 805; xvn. 341.
GURNALL, William, English divine,
XI. 332.
GURNARD, fish, XL 332; ix. 352.
GURNEY, Elizabeth (Mrs E. Fry), Eng
lish philanthropist, ix. 804.
, John Joseph, English Quaker, XX.
149.
, Thomas, English stenographer,
xxi. 837.
GURNIGEL, spa, Switzerland, xvi. 435.
GURU, priest, or spiritual guide, in Nepal,
xvn. 342; of the Sikhs, xx. no; in
Tibet, xxin. 343.
GURUNGS, Nepalese race, xvn. 341.
GUSEVSK, village, Russia, xxiv. 271.
GUSTATORY NERVES, i. 896; xxin. 79.
GUSTAVIA, town, St Bartholomew,
West Indies, xxi. 159.
GUSTAVUS I., Vasa, king of Sweden,
xi. 333; xxn. 747.
II., Adolphus, of Sweden, XL
333 ; IX. 77 ; xxn. 748 ; use of
artillery by, n. 656 ; battle-song of,
xn. 586; death of, at Liitzen (1632),
in. 125; his influence on France, ix.
569; on Germany, x. 500; his patron
age of Oxenstierna, xvni. 92 ; as
Swedish writer, xxn. 755.
— III., of Sweden, XI. 335; XXII.
75 r; 756; assassination of, n. 59.
— IV., of Sweden, XL 335 ; XXII.
752.
ADOLPHUS UNION, German Pro
testant society, XI. 335.
U S — H A D
195
GiiSTROW, town, Germany, XI. 336.
GUTACH, mountain and waterfall, Black
Forest, Germany, xxiv. 700.
GUTENBERG, John, early printer, XL
336; xxin. 684, 687.
GUTHRIE, Thomas, Scottish divine and
philanthropist, XI. 336.
GUTHRUM, Danish king, in England,
vni. 284; his baptism, I. 506.
GUTIERREZ, Garcia, Spanish dramatist,
xxn. 361.
GUTS - MUTHS, Johann Christoph
Friedrich, German teacher, XI. 337.
GUTTA PERCHA, xi. 337.
GUTTE, in heraldry, XI. 697.
GUTTER, in architecture, II. 466.
GUTU, ancient people, Assyria, XI v.
159.
GUTZKOW, Karl, German novelist and
dramatist, xi. 339; x. 545.
GUTZLAFF, Karl Friedrich August,
German missionary to China, XI. 340.
GUY of Brionne, Norman lord, XVIL
543-
, Thomas, founder of Guy's Hospital,
London, xi. 341.
DE CHAULIAC, French surgeon,
xxii. 675.
OF WARWICK, old English ro
mance, xi. 341; xx. 658.
GUYANA, or Guiana, territory, South
America, XI. 249.
GUYANDOTTE, river, West Virginia,
U.S.A., xxiv. 518.
GUY FAWKES'S DAY, ix. 58.
GUYON, Madame, French mystic, xi.
341; XVIL 134.
GUY'S CLIFF, Warwickshire, England,
xxi. 738.
GUYTON DE MORVEAU, Louis Bernard,
Baron, French chemist, XI. 343.
GUZARATI LANGUAGE, Dictionaries of,
vn. 191.
GUZEL-HISSAR, or Aidin, town, Turkey
in Asia, I. 425.
GUZERAT, district, India, XL 344.
GUZMAN (St Dominic, q.v.), founder of
Dominicans, VII. 353.
, Luiza de, wife of John IV. of
Portugal, XIX. 548.
, Perez de, Spanish chronicler, xxii.
354-
- BLANCO, colony, Venezuela, xxiv.
140.
GUZMICS, Izidor, Hungarian theologian,
xi. 344.
GWAEN, river, Wales, XVlll. 481.
GWALIOR, state, India, XL 345; policy
of Ellenborough towards, vni. 147;
town, XL 345.
GWASH, river, England, XXI. 1 14.
GWENNAP, Cornwall, England, Adit at,
I. 154.
GWILT, Joseph, English architect, XL
346.
GWYNIAD, fish, XI. 346; XIX. 650; XXI.
223.
GYA, or Gaya, district, India, x. 120;
town, x. 121.
GYAMTSO, Sangje, regent of Tibet, xiv.
5°3-
GYARMAT, Balassa, town, Hungary, XL
, Fiizes, town, Hungary, XL 346.
GYARMATHA, town, Hungary, XL 346.
GYARUNG, Tibetan tribe, xxin. 344.
GYERGYO-SzENT-MlKLOS, town, Hun
gary, xi. 347.
GYG^EAN LAKE, Asia Minor, xv. 98.
GYGES, Lydian king, XI. 347; XV. 98;
xxii. 1 86.
GYGIS, genus of birds, XXIII. 189.
GYLIPPUS, Spartan general, xxn. 370;
in Sicily, XXII. 815.
GYLLEMBOURG-EHRENSVARD, Baron
ess, Danish writer, XL 347; vn. 92.
GYLLENBORG, Gustaf Frederik, Swedish
poet, xxn. 756.
GYLLOFER, or Gillyflower, plant, x. 601.
GYMNASIUM, Greek, XL 347; Olympian,
XVIL 767; modern, XL 348.
GYMNASTICS, XL 348.
GYMNITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
GYMNOBELIDEUS, genus of marsupial
mammals, xvin. 729.
GYMNOBLASTEA-ANTHOMEDUS^E, order
of Hydrozoa, xn. 560.
GYMNOL^EMA, order of Polyzoa, xix.
437-
GYMNOMYXA, grade of Protozoa, xix.
839-
GYMNOSOMATA, order of Mollusca, xvi,
666.
GYMNOSPERM^E, class of plants, xxiv,
GYMNOTUS, genus of fishes, vn. 694.
GYMPIE, gold mines, Queensland, xx.
173-
GYN^ECOCRACY, supremacy of women,
VIIL 618.
GYNAECOLOGY, branch of medicine, xv.
797-
GYOMA, town, Hungary, XL 350.
GYONGYOS, town, Hungary, XL 350.
GYONGYOSI, Istvan, Hungarian poet, XL
351-
GYOR, or Raab, town, Hungary, xx. 190.
GYPAETID^E, family of birds, xxiv. 302.
GYPAETUS, genus of birds, xiv. 243.
GYPSUM, mineral, XL 351; x. 228, 232;
xiv. 648; xvi. 401; as manure, I.
351; beds of, in Texas, xxin. 204;
quarries of, xvi. 454.
GYRALDUS, Lilius Gregorius, Italian
scholar, x. 620.
GYRENCEPHALA, division of Mammalia,
xv. 444.
GYRFALCON, bird, ix. 3.
GYROLITE, mineral, xvi. 421.
GYRON, in heraldry, XL 697.
GYROSCOPE, scientific instrument, XL
GYROSTAT, scientific instrument, XL
353-
GYROVAGI, Eastern ascetics, xvi. 701.
GYTHIUM, ancient town, Greece, xi.
354-
GYULA, town, Hungary, XL 354.
GYULAI, Paul, Hungarian poet, XII. 378.
GZHATSK, town, Russia, xxii. 183.
T T the eighth letter of the alphabet,
fl> XL 355.
HAARDT PLATEAU, Germany, x. 448.
HAARFAGER (Fairhaired), Harold, king
of Norway, XL 484; xvn. 585.
HAARLEM, town, Holland, XL 355; in
vention of printing at, XXIII. 689, 692.
MEER, Holland, Drainage of, XI.
356.
HAARLINGEN, town, Holland, XL 480.
HAAS, Spring, rodent mammal, xm.
626.
HABAKKUK, Old Testament prophet,
XL 356.
HABANA, or Havana, town, Cuba, xi.
524; vi. 678.
HABBABLI, Rabbi, Talmudist, xxni.
37, 39-
HABEAS CORPUS, in English law, xi.
358; VIIL 345.
HABERT, Isaac, French theologian, his
propositions on Jansenism, xm. 566.
HABIB IBN Aus ET-TAI, or Abu-Teman
(q.v.\ Arabian anthologist, XL 402.
HABINGTON, William, English poet, XL
359-
HABROPTILA, genus of birds, xvi. 808.
HABSBURG, or Hapsburg (q.v.), Austrian
dynasty, XL 453.
HACHETTE, Jean Nicolas Pierre, French
mathematician, XL 359; his experi
ments on the motion of fluids, XII.
438.
, Louis Christophe Francois, French
publisher, XL 360.
HACHI-ISHI (Nikko), town, Japan, xvn.
5°3-
HACHIJO, island, Japan, xin. 569.
HACHURE, hill-shading, in surveying,
xxii. 709.
HACK, horse, xn. 190.
HACKBERRY, tree, XL 360.
HACKMATACK, tree, xiv. 312; xxin.
809.
HACKNEY, borough, London, xiv. 821.
COACHES, v. 135.
HACO, or Hakon, kings of Nonvay, XL
360. See Hakon.
HA-COHEN, David, Spanish rabbi, vi.
843-
HADAD, Syrian god, XL 360.
HADADRIMMON, Syrian god, XL 361.
HA DANI (Eldad ben Malchi), Jewish
traveller, vn. 827.
HADCHICH, Yovan, Servian writer, xxi.
691.
HADDAYYAN, Mosheh b. Maimun (Mai-
monides), Jewish writer, xv. 295.
HADDINGTON, county, Scotland, XL
196
H A D — H A J
361; area and population, xxi. 528;
representation, xxm. 727; town, xi.
362.
HADDOCK, fish, xi. 363; xn. 691.
HADENDOA, race, Nubia, xxn. 615.
HADERSLEBEN, town, Prussia, XL 363.
HADES, in Christian eschatology, vin.
536; XX. 114; limbus infantum, Xiv.
646.
, or Pluto, in Greek mythology, xix.
235-
HADHAZ, Hajdu, town, Hungary, XL
377-
HADI (Musa), caliph, xvi. 581.
HADITH, Moslem legal traditions, xvi.
594-
HADJI KHALFA, Arabic writer, XL
377-
HADLEIGH, town, England, XXIL 622.
HADLEY, John, improver of the sextant,
XXI. 725; his quadrant, XVII. 441; his
telescope, xxm. 137.
HADRAMAUT, district, Arabia, n. 238;
probable home of the Minseans, xxiv.
740.
HADRIA (Atri), ancient town, Italy,
in. 50.
HADRIAN, or Adrian, I., pope, I. 165;
xx. 786.
II., pope, i. 165; xix. 497.
III., pope, i. 165.
IV., pope, i. 165; xix. 500; xx.
793-
V., pope, i. 165.
VI., pope, I. 166; XIX. 504; tutor
to emperor Charles V., V. 413; viceroy
of Spain, XXIL 328.
, Roman emperor, XL 363; xx.
772,775; at Athens, ill. 9; in Britain,
IV. 353; his invasion of Caledonia,
xxi. 471; mausoleum of, 11.419; palace
of, at Rome, xx. 824.
, Wall of, XL 364; xxi. 471.
HADRIANOPOLIS, town, Thrace, xxm.
318-
HADRIAN'S VILLA, Tibur, Italy, n. 419;
xxm. 421.
HADRUMETUM, ancient town, Tunis,
XL 366; XXIL 723.
HA ECKEL, Ernst, his biogenetic law,
xx. 422; on evolution, vin. 749, 764;
on morphology, xvi. 840 ; his zoo
logical classification, xxiv. 810.
HEMADROMOMETER, for measuring
velocity of the blood, xxiv. 97.
HEMATIN, colouring principle of log
wood, xiv. 805.
HAEMATITE, mineral, xvi. 385; ores of,
XIII. 286.
STEEL COMPANY, Barrow, Eng
land, in. 395.
HEMATOBLASTS, in pus formation,
XVIIL 365.
HEMATOPINUS, genus of insects, XV.
24.
HEMATOPUS, genus of birds, XVIIL
in.
HEMATOXYLIN, colouring principle of
logwood, xiv. 805.
HEMATOXYLON, genus of trees, Xiv.
805.
HEMATURIA, Endemic, disease, XVIIL
271.
HEMOGLOBIN, constituent of red cor
puscles of blood, I. 845; v. 579; XIII.
359; xx. 483.
HAEMOPHILIA, disease, XVIIL 375.
HEMORRHAGE, in surgery, XXIL 68 1.
HEMORRHOIDS, or Piles, disease, XL
366; xxn. 684.
HEMUS, mountain range, Thrace, in.
282; xxm. 318.
HAFFS, bays of the Baltic Sea, in.
294.
HAFIZ, Persian poet, XL 367; XVIIL
659.
HAFSITES, dynasty, Tunis, xxm. 621.
HAFT DAST, palace, Ispahan, Persia,
xni. 394.
HAFT PAIKAR, poem by Nizami, XVIL
522.
HAGADA, or Agadah (q.v.), of the
Midrash, XL 743.
HAGEDORN, Friedrich von, German
poet, XL 368; x. 533.
HAGELBERG, Prussia, Battle of (1813),
XVII. 220.
HAG EN, town, Prussia, XL 369.
, hero of the Nibelungenlied, XVIL
475-
, Friedrich Heinrich von der, Ger
man writer, XL 369.
HAGENAU, town, Alsace, Germany, XL
369-
HAGENBACH, Karl Rudolf, German
church historian, XL 369.
-, Peter von, officer of Charles the
Bold, v. 425; in Switzerland, xxn.
786.
HAGERSTOWN, town, Maryland, U.S.A.,
XL 370; xv. 603.
HAG-FISH, XL 370.
HAGGADAH, or Agadah (q.v.), of the
Midrash, xvi. 285.
SHEL PESAH, Midrash, xvi. 286.
HAGGAI, Old Testament prophet, xi.
370; xni. 418.
HAGHE, Louis, lithographic artist, xiv.
701.
HAGIAR KlM, Phoenician ruins, Malta,
xv. 341.
HAGIOGRAPHA, part of the Hebrew
canon, in. 635; targums of the, xxm.
62, 64.
HAGUE, The, town, Holland, XL 371;
libraries of, xiv. 531; pictures, XXI.
446.
HAHN, August, German theologian, XL
373-
-TH — , Johann Georg von, Austrian
traveller, XL 373 ; on popular tales,
xxm. 28.
HAHNEMANN, Samuel Christian Fried-
rich, founder of homoeopathy, XL 373 ;
XII. 126; his system of medicine, xv.
814.
HAHN-HAHN, Ida, German novelist, x.
545-
HAHOLT, countship, Germany, xiv. 683.
HAIATHALAH, people, Central Asia,
XVIIL 101.
HAIDAR, Shaikh, ruler of Persia, XVIIL
634-
HAIDARABAD, or Hyderabad, district,
Sind, India, xn. 429; town, xn. 430.
, or Hyderabad, territory, Central
India, XII. 428; town, xn. 429.
HAIDAR ALI, or Hyder Ali, Mahometan
leader, India, xil. 427.
HA IDAS, people, Queen Charlotte
Islands, xx. 170; xxm. 469.
HAIDHAUSEN, suburb of Munich,
Bavaria,'xvn. 24.
HAIDINGER, Wilhelm von, Austrian
mineralogist, XL 373.
HAIDINGERITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
HAI-DZUONG, town, Tong-King, VI. 96.
HAIK.AN LANGUAGE, Armenian, 11. 549.
HAIKH, or Armenia, country, Asia, n.
546.
HAIL, xvi. 132; formation of, x. 280.
HAILES, Sir David Dalrymple, Lord,
Scottish judge and historian, XL 374;
XXIL 446.
HAILLAN, B. de Girard du, French his
torian, ix. 653.
HAIMBURG, or Hamburg, town, Austria,
XL 376.
HAINAN, island, China, XL 374 ; birds
of, in. 762.
HAINAU, town, Prussia, XL 375.
HAINAULT, province, Belgium, XL 375.
HAINBUND, Gottingen school, in German
literature, x. 540.
HAINBURG, town, Austria, XL 376.
HAINICHEN, town, Saxony, XL 376.
HAI-PHONG, town, Tong-King, xxm.
440.
HAIR, 1.^898; n. in; xxn. 107; colour
ing of, in. 825; false, xxiv. 560; loss
of, xxn. 121 ; of the Negro, XVIL
317; of mammals, xv. 347; for manu
facture, XL 376; xxiv. 653; of plants,
iv. 90; xn. 17.
HAIRBELL, or Harebell, plant, XL 478.
HAIR-SALT, mineral, xvi. 401.
HAIR-TAIL, fish, XL 377.
HAIR-WORMS, nematode worms, XVIL
325-
HAISCIN, or Gaissin, town, Russia, x. 16.
HAITHAM IBN ADI, Arab historian,
xxm. 3.
HAITI, or Hayti (q.v.\ island, West
Indies, xi. 543; xxiv. 510, 511.
HAJ, or Hajj (q.v.), Moslem pilgrim
caravan, vi. 792.
HAJDUK, district, Hungary, XL 377.
HAJE, asp of Egypt, n. 714.
HAJEEPOOR (Hajipur), town, India,
xi. 377; district, xvn. 114.
HAJEK, Bohemian chronicler, xxn. 152.
H A J — H A L
197
HAJIPUR, town, India, XI. 377; district, j
xvn. 114.
HAJJ, Mohammedan pilgrims, v. 84;
VI. 792; xvi. 592; at Mecca, xv. 674.
HAJJAJ BEN YUSUF, Moslem general,
xvi. 571.
HAJJI BABA, Morier's work, xvm. 649.
HAJJI KHALFA, Arabic writer, xi. 377.
HAKE, fish, xi. 378; xn. 691.
HAKEA, tree, New South Wales, XVII.
410.
HAKIM, Fatimite caliph, xi. 378; vn.
751; founder of the Druses, VII. 484.
, district chiefs, Persia, xvm. 628.
AL-MOKANNA, the Veiled Prophet,
Moslem pretender, xvi. 44, 580, 608.
SANAI, Persian writer, xvm. 658.
HAKKO, river and lagoon, Togo-land,
West Africa, xxill. 432.
HAKLUYT, Richard, English geographer,
xi. 378; x. 183.
HAKODADI, or Hakodate, town, Japan,
xi. 379; xin. 578.
HAKON, or Haeo, the Good, king of
Norway, xi. 360; xvn. 585.
, the Great, jarl or earl of Norway,
xvn. 586.
, grandson of Sverri, king of Nor
way, xi. 360; xvn. 588; his Scottish
expedition (1263), xxi. 485.
, Magnusson, king of Norway (d.
1319), xvii. 589.
HAKONE, lake, Japan, xm. 572.
HAKPEN-HILL, England, Megaliths on,
in. 144.
HAL, town, Belgium, xi. 379.
HALA, town, India, XL 379.
HALACHA, or Halakhah, of the Midrash
and Mishnah, XL 742; xvi. 285, 503.
HALAS, town, Hungary, XI. 380.
HALBERSTADT, town, Prussia, XL 380;
xxi. 360.
HALBERT, weapon, XL 380.
HALCON, mountain, Philippine Islands,
XVIIL 748.
HALCYON, bird, xiv. 82.
HALDANE, James Alexander, Scottish
evangelist, XL 380; xxi. 537.
, Robert, Scottish evangelist, XL
381; xxi. 537.
HALE, Sir Matthew, English lord chief-
justice, XL 381; on the poor laws,
xix. 469.
HALEB (Aleppo), town, Syria, I. 477.
HALEK, Vitezslav, Bohemian poet,
xxii. 152.
HALES, Stephen, English physiologist
and inventor, XL 382; on the composi
tion of the atmosphere, v. 461; his
contributions to vascular physiology,
XXIV. 97.
HALESOWEN, town, England, xxiv. 666.
HALET, dervishes' ecstasy, vn. 1 14.
HALEVY, Jacques Frangois Fromental,
French musician, XL 382.
HALFA, Wady, town, on the Nile,
Africa, xvn. 507.
HALFDAN, the Black, Norse king, xvii.
585.
HALFLANGS, cross breed of sheep, i.
393-
HALIACMON (Vistritza), river, Mace
donia, xv. 137.
HALIAETUS, genus of birds, vii. 590.
HALIBURTON, Thomas Chandler (Sam
Slick), Nova-Scotian satirist, XL 383.
HALIBUT, or Holibut, fish, xn. 58, 692.
HALICARNASSUS, ancient town, Asia
Minor, XL 383; mausoleum at, n.
413-
HALICHCERUS, genus of seals, xv. 443;
xxi. 581.
HALICORE, genus of cetacean mammals,
vii. 516; xv. 390.
HALICZ, or Galitch, town, Russia, x. 37.
HALIDES, Acid, in chemistry, v. 571.
HALIDOME, sacred object on which
oaths are taken, XVII. 700.
HALIDON HILL, England, Battle of
(1333), xxi. 489.
HALIEUTICA, Oppian's poem, xvn. 797.
HALIFAX, town, England, XL 384; popu
lation and representation, xxiv 748.
, town, Nova Scotia, XL 385; xvn.
603.
, Earl of (Charles Montague), English
statesman and poet, XL 385; his rela
tions with Newton, xvii. 445.
, Marquis of (George Savile), English
statesman and writer, XL 386.
HALIMAT EL KABU, mountain, Syria,
xiv. 394.
HALIOTIS, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 645;
XVII. 2.
HALISARCINA, order of sponges, xxii.
422.
HALITE, mineral, x. 228; xvi. 384.
HALITHERIUM, genus of extinct sirenian
mammals, xv. 391.
HALL, in architecture, II. 466.
, town, Austria, XL 388; mineral
water of, xvi. 434.
, town, Wiirtemberg, XL 388.
, Basil, British traveller and writer,
XL 388.
, Charles Francis, American Arctic
explorer, XL 388; xix. 323.
, Chester Moor, his achromatic
telescopes, xxni. 137.
, Edward, English lawyer and
chronicler, XL 389.
, Sir James, of Dunglass, Scottish
geologist, XL 388.
, James, American judge and writer,
XL 389.
, John, Shakespeare's son-in-law,
XXL 765.
, Joseph, bishop of Exeter and
Norwich, XL 389; xvi. 328.
, Marshall, English physician, XL
390; XV. 817; on restoration of the
apparently drowned, vn. 475.
, Robert, English pulpit orator, XL
390-
HALLA, or Hala, town, India, XL 379.
HALLAM, Arthur Henry, son of the
historian, XL 393.
•, Henry, English historian, XL 393.
HALLAND, county, Sweden, xxn. 741.
HALLAR, district, India, xiv. 15.
HALLAU, district, Switzerland, xxi.
386.
HALLE, town, Prussia, XL 395; xxi.
360; university of, xix. 83; xxni.
847.
, or Hall, Edward, English lawyer
and chronicler, XL 389.
HALLECK, Fitzgreene, American poet,
XL 396.
•, Henry Wager, American general
XL 396.
HALLENBERG, Jonas, Swedish historian,
xxii. 758.
HALLER, Albrecht von, Swiss anatomist
and physiologist, XI. 396; xv. 813;
as anatomist, I. 814; his contributions
to embryology, vin. 164; to zoological
study, xxiv. 815; as poet, x. 533;
xxn. 797.
, Gottlieb E., Swiss historian, xxn.
799-
HALLEY, Edmund, English astronomer,
XL 397; his method of calculating
value of an annuity, n. 79; his astro
nomical observations, n. 756; his
comet, II. 814; vi. 193; diving bell, vn.
294; on logarithmic tangents, XVII.
256; on porisms, xix. 520; his corre
spondence with Newton, xvn. 442.
HALLGRIMSSON, Jonas, Icelandic writer,
xxi. 369.
HALLIDAY, Joseph, musical instrument
maker, xvn. 778.
HALL-MARKS, on silver, xix. 186.
HALLOMYS, genus of rodent mammals,
xvn. 6.
HALLOPODA, order of fossil reptiles, xx.
443-
HALLOWEVEN, or Hallowe'en, vigil of
All Saints day, XL 398.
HALLOWMAS, All Saints day, I. 578;
XL 398.
HALLOYSITE, mineral, xvi. 424.
HULLUCINATION, in insanity, XIII.
105.
HALLUIN, town, France, XL 398.
HALLUX, or Great Toe, I. 830; of apes,
ii. 148.
HALLWYL, lake, Switzerland, xxn. 777.
HALMAHERA (Jilolo), island, Indian
Archipelago, xm. 692.
HALMSTAD, town, Sweden, XL 398.
HALO, luminous ring, XL 398; xiv.
597-
HALOGENS, in chemistry, v. 490; deter
mination of, v. 547.
HALOID ETHERS, in chemistry, v.
564.
HALS, Dirk, Dutch painter, XL 400.
, Frans (1584-1666), Dutch painter,
XL 399; XVIIL 58.
198
H A L — H A N
HALS, Frans (c. 1622-1669), Dutch
painter, XL 400.
HALSTEAD, town, England, XL 400.
HALTICA, genus of insects, xxm. 668.
HALY, Persian physician, xv. 805.
HALYBURTON, Andrew, early Scottish
writer, XXI. 541.
, Thomas, Scottish divine, XI. 400.
HALYS (Kizil Irmak), river, Asia Minor,
n. 707; xviii. 227.
HAM, of Scripture, xi. 401 ; xvn.
523-
, town, France, XL 401; Louis
Napoleon's imprisonment at, xvn.
227.
HAMADAN, town, Persia, XL 401; vn.
621; xviii. 626, 628; colossal lion at,
xvni. 564.
HAMADRYADS, in Greek mythology,
vii. 487; xvii. 688.
HAMADRYAS, genus of snakes, xxn.
196.
HAMAH, town, Syria, XL 401.
HAMALANT, early German state, XXL
215.
HAMAMET, or Hammamet, town,
North Africa, XL 366; xxm. 620.
HAMAN, of Scripture, viu. 560.
HAMANN, Joharm Georg, German
philosopher and theologian, XL 402;
xvii. 135.
HAMARTITE, mineral, xvi. 383.
HAMASAH, or Hamasa, collection of
Arabic poems, XI. 402; I. 61; n. 263;
xvi. 539, 595.
HAMATH, or Hainan, town, Syria, XL
401; xxii. 822.
HAMBATO, or Ambato, town, Ecuador, I.
659.
HAMBURG, state, Germany, XL 403.
— , free city, Germany, XL 404, 450;
libraries, xiv. 546; newspapers, xvii.
429; observatory, xvii. 712.
HAM COMMON, town, England, xxn.
694.
HAMELN, town, Hanover, Germany, XL
409.
HAMERLING, Kobert, German poet, x.
546.
HAMESUCKEN, crime, in Scots law, iv.
534-
HAMI, town, Central Asia, XL 409.
HAMID BEY, Turkish dramatist, xxm.
656.
HAMILCAR BARCA, Carthaginian gen
eral, XL 409; xx. 747; in Spain,
xxii. 305.
HAMILTON, town, Scotland, XL 410.
— , town, Bermudas, in. 599.
— , town, Ontario, Canada, XL 411;
xvii. 775.
— , town, New York, U.S.A., XL
411.
— , town, Ohio, U.S.A., XL 411.
— , town, Victoria, XL 411.
, river, Labrador, xiv. 175.
, Mount, California, XXIII. 801;
telescope in observatory on, XXIII.
151.
HAMILTON, Alexander, American jurist
and statesman, XL 412; xix. 384;
xxm. 755; his historical sketches, I.
721.
, Anthony, French courtier and
writer, XL 414, 44.
, Arthur, assassin of the regent
Murray, xvii. 62; XXL 506.
, Elizabeth, Scottish authoress, XL
414.
-, Emma, Lady, friend of Lord Nel
son, XL 421; XVII. 323; XX. 839.
— , James, teacher of languages, XL
415.
— , John, archbishop of St Andrews,
early Scottish writer, xxi. 541.
-, Patrick, Scottish Reformer and
martyr, XL 415; his influence on
Alesius, I. 478.
— , Robert, Scottish political econo
mist, XL 415.
— , Thomas, Scottish novelist and
critic, XL 416.
— , William (1704-1 754), Scottish poet,
XL 421.
— , Sir William (1730-1803), anti
quary and art collector, XL 420.
-, Sir William (1788-1856), Scottish
metaphysician, XL 416; on aesthetics,
I. 222; on analogy, I. 791; his criti
cism of Cousin, VI. 527; on induction
and deduction, I. 797; his relation to
Jacobi's theories, xill. 537; his logic,
xiv. 799; on mental reproduction, II.
730; his view of psychology, XX. 38;
on scepticism, XXL 382.
— , William Gerard, English politician,
iv. 540.
, Sir William Rowan, mathema
tician, XL 421; on the solution of
equations, I. 516; his invention of the
hodograph, XII. 41; his investigations
on light, Xiv. 597; inventor of qua
ternions, xx. 1 60.
COLLEGE, New York, Observatory
at, xvii. 715.
HAMILTONIAN SYSTEM, of teaching
languages, XL 415.
HAMIRPUR, district and town, India,
XL 423.
HAMITIC LANGUAGES, xvni. 778; their
relation to Semitic, xxi. 642.
HAMLET, or Amleth, prince of Den
mark, XL 423.
-, Shakespeare's play, XXI. 764.
HAMM, town, Prussia, XL 424.
HAMMAD, Arabic rhapsodist, xvi. 536.
HAMMAM AL-ANF, spa, Tunis, xxm.
620.
HAMMAMET, town, Tunis, xxm. 620.
HAMMARSKOLD, Lorenzo, Swedish
writer, XL 424; XXII. 757.
HAM ME, town, Belgium, XL 424.
HAMMER, XL 425.
, Steam, ix. 413; xill. 328.
HAMMERED METAL-WORK, xvi. 72.
HAMMERFEST, town, Norway, XL 426.
HAMMERHEAD SHARK, fish, xn. 685;
xxi. 776.
HAMMERKEN (Thomas a Kempis), medi
aeval writer, xiv. 31.
HAMMERKOP, bird, xxii. 578.
HAMMER-PURGSTALL, Joseph von,
Austrian Orientalist, XL 426.
HAMMERSMITH, suburb of London, XL
427; xiv. 822.
HAMMOCK, Life-saving, xiv. 573.
HAMMOND, Henry, English Royalist
divine, XL 427; hymn- writer, XII.
594-
HAMMUDITES, Arab dynasty in Spain,
xxn. 315.
HAMOAZE, harbour, England, vn.
3i5-
HAMON, Jean Louis, French painter, XL
428.
HAMPDEN, John, English Parliamen
tarian, XL 428; vni. 346.
, Renn Dickson, bishop of Hereford,
XL 429.
HAMPSHIRE, county, England, XL 430;
population and representation, xxm.
727.
HAMPSTEAD, suburb of London, XL
432; xiv. 822.
HEATH, near London, xiv. 824.
HAMPTON, town, England, XL 432.
COURT CONFERENCE (1604), vni.
377; xix. 686.
COURT PALACE, England, XL 432 ;
XX. 545; cartoons at, xvii. 38; maze
in gardens at, xiv. 181; picture gallery,
xxi. 445; tapestry in, xxm. 212.
HAMPTON'S PARACHUTE, i. 201.
HAMPTON WICK, town, England, xxn.
694.
HAMRA, town, Egypt, vn. 775.
HAMSTER, rodent mammal, XL 433;
xv. 419; skins of, IX. 838.
HAMUN, swamp, Sistan, Persia, xvni.
620; XXII. 100.
HAMZA B. ABDALMOTTALIB, uncle of
Mohammed, xvi. 550, 556.
HAMZE B. ALI B. AHMED, Druse chief,
vn. 484.
HANAFITES, Moslem sect, xvi. 593;
xxn. 661.
HANAKS, tribe, Moravia, xvi. 8u.
HANAP, tankard, xix. 186.
HANAU, town, Prussia, XL 433.
HANBALITES, Moslem sect, xvi. 593;
xxn. 661.
HANCOCK, John, American statesman,
XL 433; xv. 616; xxm. 738.
-, Winfield Scott, American general,
xxm. 785, 789.
HAND, Human, I. 827; joints of, i. 839;
sense of touch in, xxin. 480.
, of mammals, xv. 359.
HANDECK, waterfall, Switzerland, xxn.
777-
HANDEL, George Frederick, German
H A N — H A R
199
musical composer, XL 433; character
of his music, xvil. 90.
HAND-GRASPING, form of salutation,
xxi. 237.
HANDICAPPING, in horse racing, xn.
202.
HANDSEL MONDAY, xvn. 450.
HAND TOOLS, XL 436; for mining, xvi.
444-
HANDWRITING, xvm. 143; different
kinds of, xxni. 682.
HANDY ANDY, Lover's novel, xv. 29.
HANG-CHOW-Foo,or Hang-Chow, town,
China, XL 439; v. 636; XXIV. 728.
HANGENDENLISSEN (Fiinfhaus), suburb
of Vienna, IX. 827.
HANGEST, Helene de, French potter,
xix. 629.
HANGING, Death from, xv. 781.
- HILLS, Connecticut, xxm. 795.
HANGINGS, Ancient textile, xxni. 208;
for wall decoration, xvn. 38.
HANG-SHAN, mountain, China, v. 637.
HAN-HAI (Gobi), desert, Central Asia,
x. 713.
HANIANG, town, Corea, vi. 391.
HANIFS, Arab sect, xvi. 546, 548.
HANKA, Wenceslaus, Bohemian philo
logist, XL 440; xxii. 151.
HAN-KEANG, river, China, v. 632.
HANKOW, town, China, XL 440; v.
637-
HANLEY, town, England, XI. 440; xxii.
442.
HANNA, plain, Moravia, xvi. 810.
HANNANA, Syriac writer, xxii. 837.
HANNASI, Rabbi Yehudah, editor of
the Mishnah, XX. 190.
HANNAY, James, Scottish critic and
novelist, XL 441.
, Patrick, Scottish poet, XXI. 543.
HANNIBAL, Carthaginian general, XI.
441 ; v. 161 ; his contests with Rome,
XX. 749 ; his destruction of Selinus,
xxi. 633; in Spain, xxii. 305.
, town, Missouri, U.S.A., XI. 445;
xvi. 526.
HANNINGTON, Bishop, place of his
murder, xxni. 718.
HANNO, Carthaginian general, XI. 445.
— , king of Carthage, XL 445; V. 160;
his voyage of discovery, X. 175.
— , Periplus of, I. 245; X. 175; XI. 445.
HA-NOI, town, long-King, vi. 96;
xxni. 440.
HANOVER, province, Germany, XL 446;
xx. 14, 16.
— , town, Germany, XL 448; XX. 16;
libraries, xiv. 546; newspapers, XVII.
429.
, House of, succeeds to the English
throne, vin. 354.
- ISLAND, Patagonia, xvm. 352.
HANSA, or Hanseatic League (q.v.), Ger
many, XL 449.
HANSARD, Luke, English printer, XL
449-
HANSE, association of free burghs, Scot
land, iv. 64.
HANSEATIC LEAGUE, Germany, XL 449;
x. 493, 495, 501; xv. 32; early com
merce of, vi. 200
HANSE MERCHANTS, in London, xxii.
528.
HANSEN, Mauritz Christopher, Nor
wegian poet, XVIL 590.
, Peter Andreas, Danish astronomer,
XL 451; on the lunar theory, xvi.
80 1 ; his formula for meridian transits,
XXill. 516.
HANSE TOWNS, Germany, XL 450; xv.
32-
HAN-SlRO, Japanese Roman Catholic
missionary, xxiv. 717.
HANSTEEN, Christopher, Norwegian
astronomer and physicist, XI. 452;
xvil. 592; his researches in magnetism,
xv. 237, 249.
HANS WURST, of the German drama,
vii. 440.
HANTHAWADY, district, Burmah, xx.
271.
HANTS, or Hampshire, county, England,
XL 430; xxm. 727.
HANUMAN-NATAKA, Sanskrit drama,
xxi. 286.
HANUSCH, Ignaz Johann, Bohemian
philosopher, XI. 452.
HANWAY, Jonas, English traveller and
philanthropist, XL 452; in Persia,
xvm. 643; XX. 286; his umbrella,
XXill. 723.
HAO, islets, Tuamotu, South Pacific,
xxni. 602.
HAPALE, genus of apes, 1 1. 155.
HAPALEMUR, genus of lemurs, xiv.
442.
HAPALIN^E, HAPALID^E, group of apes,
ii. 154; xv. 444.
HAPALODERMA, genus of birds, xxni.
584.
HAPALOPTILA, genus of birds, xx. 101.
HAPALOTIS, genus of rodent mammals,
XVIL 6.
HAPARANDA, town, Sweden, XL 453.
HAPI (Apis), Egyptian divinity, II. 173;
vii. 717.
HAPLOCYTA, order of Protozoa, xix.
853-
HAPLODONTID^E, family of rodent
mammals, xv. 418.
HAPLOMORPHA, suborder of Mollusca,
xvi. 656.
HAPOOR, or Hapur, town, India, XL
454-
HAPPINESS, in ethics, vin. 582, 585.
HAPSBURG, German family and Austrian
dynasty, XL 453; ill. 124; X. 496; in
Spain, XXII. 327; its connexion with
Switzerland, xxi I. 781.
HAPUR, town, India, XL 454.
HAR, Egyptian divinity, vii. 717.
HARAM, sacred territory, Arabia, II. 236;
xv. 669, 670.
HARAM, sanctuary, Jerusalem, xm.
637-
HARAN, district, Mesopotamia, XL
454-
HARANT, Christopher, Bohemian
traveller and writer, XXII. 152.
HARAPPA, town, India, xvi. 789.
HARAR, town, North-East Africa, XL
454; language of, XXL 656.
HARBOURS, XL 455.
HARBURG, town, Hanover, Germany,
XL 472.
HARCLAY, Sir Andrew, degraded from
knighthood, Xiv. 125.
HARCOURT, Marquis d', French diplo
matist, ix. 580.
HARDANGER FJORD, Norway, xvn.
576.
HARD CASH, Reade's novel, XX. 303.
HARDENBERG, Friedrich von (Novalis),
German poet and philosopher, XL
472; x. 542; hymns by, XII. 588.
, Karl August, Prussian statesman,
XL 472; XX. II.
HARDENING, of metals, xxn. 599.
HARDERWIJK, town, Holland, XL 473;
university of, xxni. 850.
HARDHON, African lizard, xiv. 737.
HARDICANUTE, or Hardiknut, Danish
king of England, XI. 473; vm. 289.
HARDING, James Duffield, English
painter, XI. 473; Xiv. 701.
, or Hardyng, John, early English
chronicler, XL 475; Xiv. 256.
, Stephen, Benedictine monk, ill.
601.
HARDINGE, Viscount, English general,
XL 474.
HARDINGSTONE, town, England, xvn.
556.
HARDNESS, of minerals, xvi. 378.
, of water, xxiv. 399, 409.
HARDOI, district, India, XL 474.
HARDOUIN, Jean, French scholar, XL
474-
HARDRADA, Harold, Norse king, XL
484; xvn. 587.
HARDT, Hermann von der, German
Orientalist, XL 475.
HARDWAR, town, India, XL 475; xxi.
152.
HARDY, Alexandre, French dramatist,
XL 475; ix. 657.
HARDYNG, John, early English chroni
cler, XL 475; on the claim of Henry
IV. of England, xiv. 256.
HARE, rodent mammal, XL 476 ; xv.
42 1 ; coursing of the, VI. 515; hunting,
Xii. 396; shooting of, xxi. 834; Arctic,
colour of, XVI. 343; Belgian, XX. 193;
Sumatran, xxi I. 640.
, Jumping, of South Africa, XIII.
626.
— , Alexander, English adventurer,
xiv. 27.
— , Augustus William, English divine,
XI. 477.
200
H A R — H A R
HARE, Julius Charles, English theologi
cal writer, xi. 477.
HAREBELL, plant, XL 478.
HAREEK, mountains and oasis, Arabia,
ii. 240, 254.
HAREEREE, or Hariri, Arabic writer, xi.
479; ii. 265.
HAREFOOT (Harold I.), king of England,
xi. 485.
HAREM, or Seraglio, xi. 478.
HAREN, Onno Zwier van, Dutch poet,
XII. 96.
, Willem van, Dutch poet, XII. 96.
HAREWOOD CASTLE, Yorkshire, Eng
land, xxiv. 749.
HARFLEUR, town, France, XL 478.
HAR GOVIND, Sikh ruler, India, xx.
in.
HARGRAVES, E., discoverer of gold in
Australia, ill. 114.
, James, inventor of spinning jenny,
II. 541; vi. 490; xvii. 600.
HARIANA, district, India, XL 479; xx.
624.
HARICOT BEANS, in. 460.
HARING, Wilhelm, German novelist, XL
479-
HARINGTON, Sir John, English writer,
XL 479.
HARIRI, Arabic writer, XL 479; n. 265.
HARI-RUD, river, Afghanistan, I. 229.
HARITH, Arabic poet, xvi. 537.
HARKNESS, W., his correction for chro
matic aberration, XXIII. 141.
HARLAW, Scotland, Battle of (1411),
xv. 525.
HARLEIAN LIBRARY, xvin. 101.
HARLEIAN MSS., in British Museum,
xiv. 515; XVIIL ioo.
HARLEM RIVER, New York, U.S.A.,
xvn. 457.
HARLEQUIN, in Italian drama, vn. 418;
of the pantomime, xvin. 215.
HARLEY, Robert, first earl of Oxford,
xvin. 99.
HARLINGEN, town, Holland, XL 480.
HARLOT'S PROGRESS, Hogarth's engrav
ings, xn. 48.
HARM, town, Central Asia, xiv. 4.
HARMATTAN, wind, West Africa, vi.
766; xxn. 44.
HARMODIUS, Athenian popular hero,
XL 480.
HARMONIA, in Greek legend, XL 480.
HARMONICA, musical instrument, XL
481.
HARMONIC ANALYSIS, in physics, XL
481.
HARMONIC MOTION, in mechanics, XL
482; xv. 685.
HARMONICS, in acoustics, I. in; xvn.
88; beats of, xvii. 105.
HARMONIC SERIES, XXL 678.
HARMONIES, Celestial, Kepler's system
of, xiv. 47.
HARMONI PHONE, musical instrument,
xvn. 106.
HARMONIUM, musical instrument, XL
483-
HARMONY, of colours, Psychological
analysis of, XX. 69.
— , Musical, VII. 593; xvn. 77; prin
ciples of, i. 107; Greek notions of,
n. 524; psychological analysis of per
ception of, xx. 69; treatise on, by
Alfred Day, xvn. ioo.
, Pre-established, Leibnitz's doctrine
of, xiv. 421.
HARMOSIA (Ormus), ancient town,
Persia, xvn. 856.
HARMOTOME, mineral, xvi. 423.
HARNESS, saddlery, XXL 142.
HORSE, xn. 191.
HARNEY, Mount, Rocky Mountains,
U.S.A., XXIIL 797.
HARO, town, Spain, XL 484.
, Luis de, Spanish minister, XXII.
332.
ISLANDS, Washington Territory,
U.S.A., XXL 266.
HAROLD I., king of England, XL 485;
vill. 290; his relations with William
of Normandy, xxiv. 575.
— II., of England, XL 485.
I., Fairhair, king of Norway, XL
484; xvn. 585.
- II., Greyfell, of Norway, XL 484;
xvii. 586.
- III., Hardrada, of Norway, xi-484;
xvn. 587.
IV., Gilchrist, of Norway, XL 485;
xvn. 588.
HAROSH, or Rosh (Rabbenu Asher),
German rabbi, XX. 852.
HAROUN AL RASCHID, caliph of Bagh
dad, XL 487 ; i. 9; xvi. 581 ; his
buildings in Baghdad, in. 234; tribute
paid to, by Nicephorus I., xvii. 481.
HARP, musical instrument, XL 488;
Erard's, vin. 512.
HARPACTES, genus of birds, XXIIL 584.
HARPA-KHRUTI (Harpocrates), Egyp
tian deity, VII. 717; XL 491.
HARPALUS, of Macedonia, his relations
with Demosthenes, vn. 71.
HARPE, F. C. de la, Swiss revolutionist,
xxiv. 115.
HARPER'S FERRY, town, Virginia,
U.S.A., XL 490; insurrection at (i 859),
IV. 385.
HARPIES, in Greek mythology, XL 490;
111.431.
HARPOCRATES, Greek deity, XL 491 ;
vn. 717.
HARPOON, whaling spear, xxiv. 526.
HARPORHYNCHUS, genus of birds, xvi.
541.
HARPSICHORD, musical instrument,
xix. 69.
HARPY, bird, XL 491.
HARPYIA, genus of bats, xv. 409.
HARPYI/E, or Harpies, in Greek mytho
logy, XL 490.
HARQUEBUS, weapon, n. 558.
HARRAN, or Haran, ancient town, Meso
potamia, XL 454; xvi. 48; bilingual
inscription of, xxi. 651.
HARRANIANS, sect of Mesopotamia, xxi.
128.
HARRIER, bird, XL 491.
— , dog, vn. 329; xn. 316.
HARRINGTON, James, English political
writer, XL 492.
HARRIOT, Thomas, English mathemati
cian, XL 493 ; his discoveries in
algebra, I. 514.
HARRIS, part of island, Hebrides, Scot
land, xiv. 492.
, Howell, Welsh Methodist preacher,
xvi. 193.
, James, earl of Malmesbury, XV.
336.
, James, English grammarian, XL
493-
, John (c. 1 667- 1719), English writer,
XI. 493; editor of the Lexicon Techni-
cum, vin. 195.
, John (1802-1856), English divine
and writer, XL 493.
, Thomas and Rene, French organ
builders, xvn. 837.
, William C., traveller in Abyssinia,
I. 66.
, Sir William Snow, English electri
cian, XL 493; his electrometer, vin.
119; on dielectric strength of gases,
vin. 61.
HARRISBURG, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xi. 494.
HARRISON, Frederic, on law, xiv. 357,
361-
— , John, English mechanician, XL
494; inventor of sea-chronometers,
xvii. 259.
, William Henry, president of
United States, XL 495.
HARRODSBURG, town, Kentucky,
U.S.A., xiv. 44.
H ARROGATE, town, England, XL 495;
population, xxiv. 748; mineral water
of, xvi. 434, 435.
HARROW, agricultural implement, i.
318, 337-
HARROW-ON-THE-HILL, town, Eng
land, XL 495.
HARROW SCHOOL, England, XL 495.
HARRY, Blind, Scottish minstrel, XL
496; xxiv. 326.
LORREQUER, Lever's novel, XIV.
485.
HARSHA-DEVA, Sri, Hindu dramatist,
xxi. 285.
HARSPRANGET, waterfall, Sweden, xxn.
737-
HART, Emma (Lady Hamilton, q.v.),
xx. 839.
HARTE-BEEST, antelope, XL 496; xv.
432-
HARTFORD, town, Connecticut, U.S.A.,
XL 496; convention at (1814), XXIIL
760; libraries, XIV. 550.
H A R — H A U
201
HARTHACNUT, or Hardicanute, Danish
king of England, XI. 473; VIII. 289.
HARTIG, Georg Ludwig, German writer
on forestry, XI. 497.
HARTINE, mineral, xvi. 429.
HARTITE, mineral, xvi. 429.
HARTLEPOOL, town, England, xi. 497.
HARTLEY, David, English philosopher,
XI. 498; on mental association, II.
731; his ethical system, vill. 607.
HARTLIB, Samuel, educationist and
agriculturist, XI. 499; on agriculture,
I. 297.
HARTLIEB, Johann H., on chiromancy,
xix. 4.
HARTMANN, Eduard von, on evolution,
vill. 769; his metaphysics of pessimism,
XVIII. 689.
, Georg, first observer of magnetic
dip, xv. 221.
, Moritz, German poet and novelist,
XL 499.
VON AUE, German poet, XI. 499.
HARTOG, Dirk, his exploration of the
Australian coast, ill. 103.
HARTSHEAD PIKE, hill, England, xvi.
867.
HARTSHORN, Spirits of, xi. 500.
HARTZ, or Harz, mountains, Germany,
xi. 507; x. 448.
HARUN ER-RASHID, or Haroun al-
Raschid, caliph of Baghdad, xi. 487;
I. 9; xvi. 581; xvii. 481.
HARUSPICATION, divination by entrails,
vii. 293.
HARUSPICES, Roman soothsayers, xi.
500; vii. 293.
HARUT, river, Afghanistan, I. 229.
HARVARD, Mount, Rocky Mountains,
U.S.A., xxiii. 796.
COLLEGE, Cambridge, Massa
chusetts, U.S.A., xi. 500; xv. 614;
XXlil. 857; library, xiv. 534; obser
vatory, xvii. 715.
HARVEST-BUG, arachnid, XL 500 ; II.
275; xvi. 529.
HARVESTING, of grain crops, I. 362.
HARVEST-MEN, arachnids, n. 278,
279.
HARVEST MOON, n. 798.
HARVEY, Gabriel, English writer, XL
501 ; his friendship with Spenser,
xxn. 393.
, Sir George, Scottish painter, XL
501.
, Mr, his dairy farm, I. 345, 346.
, William, discoverer of circulation
of the blood, XL 502; I. 810; xv. 809;
xxiv. 96; on embryology, vill. 164;
on epigenesis, vin. 744, 747.
HARWICH, town, England, XL 507.
HARZBURG, town, Prussia, XL 508.
HARZ MOUNTAINS, or Harzgebirge,
Germany, XL 507; x. 448.
HASA, province, Arabia, n. 254.
HASAN of Basra, Arab historian, xxiii.
2.
HASAN, Uzun, sovereign of Persia, xvm.
633.
B. ALI, caliph, xvi. 566; ii. 258;
hero of a Moslem passion play, XL
508; xvm. 660.
B. S ABB AH, founder of the sect of
Assassins, II. 723; xvii. 771.
HASBEYA, town, Syria, XL 509.
HASDRUBAL, Carthaginian general, XL
509.
, son of Hamilcar, Carthaginian
general, XL 509; in Spain, xxn. 305.
HASE, Karl August, on the life of Jesus,
Xill. 672; his summary of German
rationalism, XX. 291.
HASEBROEK, Johannes Pieter, Dutch
writer, xil. 98.
HASENMATTE, mountain, Switzerland,
XXIL 250.
HASHASHINS, or Assassins (q.v.), Moham
medan sect, vn. 1 13.
HASHIMITES, Arabian family, xvi. 545.
HASHISH, drug, in. 628; vii. 711; XL
648.
HASHT-BIHISHT, palace, Ispahan, Persia,
XIIL 394.
HASLAR HOSPITAL, Gosport, England,
vn. 315.
HASLINGDEN, town, England, XL 510.
HASMON^ANS, or Asmoneans, Jewish
family, XIII. 421; XV. 131; XVI. 55;
xxn. 812.
HASPE, town, Prussia, XL 510; xxiv.
Si?-
HASSAN, district, India, XL 510.
— AND HUSSEIN, heroes of a Moham
medan passion play, XL 508; xvm.
660. See Hasan b. Ali.
B. NOMAN, Moslem general, XVI.
572.
— B. SABBAH, founder of the Assas
sins, n. 723; xvii. 771.
PASHA, Captivity of Cervantes
under, v. 350.
HASSE, Faustina, Italian singer, XL 510.
-, Johann Adolph, musical composer,
XL 510; xvii. 93.
HASSELQUIST, Frederick, Swedish natu
ralist, XL 511.
HASSELT, town, Belgium, XL 511.
HASSENPFLUG, Hans Daniel Ludwig
Friedrich, German politician, XL 511.
HASSEPHARDI (Maimonides, q.v.),
Jewish writer, xv. 295.
HASSKOI, department, Roumelia, xxi.
22.
HASSLER, Ferdinand R., his logarithmic
tables, xxiii. 12.
HASTINAPUR, town, India, XL 511.
HASTINGS, town, England, XL 511;
xxn. 725; battle of Senlac Hill, near
(1066), vin. 291; xxn. 725; xxiv.
575-
, town, Nebraska, U.S.A., xvii.
309-
— , First Marquis of, governor-general
of India, XL 516; xil. 805.
HASTINGS, C. S., on object-glasses for
telescopes, xxin. 142.
, David.de, competitor for the Scot
tish crown, xxi. 486.
, Thomas, American hymn-writer,
XIL 596.
-, Warren, governor-general of India,
XL 512; xil. 802; Burke's impeach
ment of, IV. 545; Sheridan's speeches
on the impeachment, iv. 545; XXI.
799-
HAT, HATS, XL 518; straw, xxn. 593;
Greek, VI. 454.
HATCHETTINE, mineral, xvi. 429.
HATCHETTOLITE, mineral, xvi. 428.
HATCHMENTS, in heraldry, XL 711.
HATFIELD, town, England, XL 520.
HAT-HAR, or Hathor, Egyptian divinity,
in. 13; vii. 717.
HATHAWAY, Anne, wife of Shakespeare,
xxi. 754, 766.
HATHOR, or Athor, Egyptian divinity,
in. 13; vn. 717.
HATHRAS, town, India, XL 520.
HATIA, island, India, xv. 830.
HATIFI, Persian writer, xvin. 657, 659.
HATRA, or Atrce, town, Mesopotamia,
xvi. 48; xvm. 605.
HATRAS, or Hathras, town, India, XL
520.
HATS AND CAPS, Swedish factions,
xxn. 751.
HATSHEPSU, Queen, Temple of, Egypt,
XVII. 22.
HATTALA, Martin, Bohemian philo
logist, xxn. 153.
HATTERIA, genus of reptiles, xx. 437,
444, 448, 45°-
HATTERSLEY, Robert, his type-setting
machine, xxiii. 701.
HATTI HUMAIUM, Turkish firman
(1855), xxin. 651.
HATTINGEN, town, Prussia, XL 520.
HATTO I., archbishop of Mainz, XL 520.
-, bishop of Vich, xxn. 74.
HATVAN, town, Hungary, XL 520.
HATZFELD, town, Hungary, XL 520.
HATZFELDT, Countess Sophie, her rela
tions with Lassalle, Xiv. 320.
HAUBERK, defensive armour, n. 556.
HAUCH, Johannes Carsten, Danish poet,
XL 521; vii. 92; xvii. 590.
HAUERITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
HAUFF, Wilhelm, German novelist, XL
521; x. 543.
HAUG, Johann Christoph Friedrich,
German epigrammatist, XL 521.
— , Martin, German Orientalist, XI.
521.
HAUGE, Hans Nielsen, founder of a
Norwegian sect, XL 522.
HAUGHTONITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
HAULBOWLINE, dockyard, Ireland, vn.
3i5,3i8.
HAULTBOIS, musical instrument, xvii.
706.
HAUNCH-BONE, Anatomy of the, I. 828.
XXV. — 26
202
H A U — H E A
HAUNTED HOUSES, n. 206.
HAUPT, Moritz, German philologist, XI.
C22.
HAUPTMANN, Moritz, German musical
composer, XI. 522.
HAURAN, district, Syria, xxn. 821; its
architectural monuments, n. 421;
in. 411.
HAURANNE, Duvergier de, Abbe St
Cyran, Port-Royalist, VII. 567; XIX.
533-
HAUSA, or Haussa, people, Africa, XII.
318; xxii. 248.
HAUSEN, fish, xxn. 612.
HAUSER, Kaspar, mysterious German
youth, xi. 523.
HAUSMANNITE, or Hausmanite, mineral,
xv. 479; xvi. 387.
HAUSSA, race of people, Sokoto, Africa,
xn. 318; xxii. 248.
HAUSSCHEIN, Johann (CEcolampadius),
German Reformer, xvn. 729.
HAUSTORIA, organs of parasitic fungi,
ix. 828; xvni. 264.
HAUTBOY, or Oboe, musical instrument,
xvii. 705.
HAUTE-GARONNE, department, France,
x. 83.
HAUTE-LOIRE, department, France,
xiv. 807.
HAUTE-MARNE, department, France,
xv. 561.
HAUTES-ALPES, department, France,
i. 599.
HAUTE-SAONE, department, France,
xxi. 301.
HAUTE-SAVOIE, department, France,
xxi. 332.
HAUTES - PYRENEES, department,
France, xx. 127.
HAUTE-VIENNE, department, France,
xxiv. 223.
HAUTEVILLE, Norman family, xm.
471; xxii. 25.
HAUT-LIMOUSIN, district, France, xxiv.
223.
HAUY, Rene Just, French mineralogist,
xi. 523; on crystals, VI. 673; his
electrical researches, viu. 8.
HAUYNE, mineral, x. 228; xvi. 412.
HAVANA, town, Cuba, West Indies, xi.
524; vi. 678.
— CIGARS, xxm. 426.
HAVANNAH, or Havana, town, Cuba, xi.
524; vi. 678.
HAVE, La, river, Nova Scotia, xvn. 60 1.
HAVELBERG, town, Prussia, xi. 525.
HAVELOCK, Sir Henry, British gen
eral, xi. 525.
HAVELOK THE DANE, romance, viu.
410; xx. 657.
HAVERCAMP, Sigebert, Dutch scholar
and numismatist, XL 526.
HAVERFORD COLLEGE, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xxm. 857.
HAVERFORDWEST, town, Wales, XL
526; xvni. 482.
HAVERHILL, town, England, xxii. 622.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., xi.
526.
HAVERSIAN CANALS, in bone, i. 854.
HAVERSINES, Tables of, xxm. 9.
HAVRE, Le, town, France, XL 527; xxi.
626.
HAWAIIAN ISLANDS (Sandwich Islands),
North Pacific, XL 528, 531; xvill.
127; taboo system in, xxm. 16.
HAWARDEN, town, Wales, XL 532.
HAWES, Stephen, English poet, XL 533;
viu. 415.
, William, English musician, XL
533-
WATER, lake, England, xxiv. 513.
HAWFINCH, bird, XL 533.
HAWICK, town, Scotland, XL 533; xxi.
34-
HAWIYA, people, Central Africa, xxn.
256.
HAWK, bird, XL 534.
HAWKE, Lord, English admiral, XL
534-
HAWKESWORTH, John, English writer,
xi. 535-
HAWKING, sport, ix. 5.
, clearing the throat, xx. 479.
HAWKINS, Sir John (c. 1532-1595),
English navigator, XL 535.
, Sir -John (1719-1789), English
writer on music, XL 535.
, John Isaac, pianoforte maker, XIX.
75-
-, Sir Richard, English navigator, x.
185.
HAWK-MOTH, insect, xn. 359.
HAWKSBEE, Francis, his experiments in
electricity, VIII. 4; in magnetism,
xv. 236.
HAWKSBILL TURTLE, xxm. 458, 459.
HAWKSMOOR, Nicholas, English archi
tect, II. 444.
HAWKWOOD, Sir John, English adven
turer, XL 535.
HAWSER, or Hawse, ship's cable, n.
4; xx. 843; xxi. 597.
HAWTHORN, plant, XL 536.
HAWTHORNDEN, Midlothian, Scotland,
vii. 658.
HAWTHORNE, Nathaniel, American
writer, XL 536; I. 726.
HAXO, Frangois N. Benoit, Baron, his
system of fortification, IX. 463.
HAXTHAUSEN, Baron von, German
political writer, XL 538.
HAY, Culture of, I. 378.
, Sir Gilbert, early Scottish writer,
XXL 541.
HAYASDANI, or Armenia, n. 546.
HAYDEN, Mount, Wyoming, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 712.
, Mrs, American spiritualist, XXII.
405.
HAYDENITE, mineral, xvi. 421.
HAYDN, Johann, Austrian musician, XL
541-
HAYDN, John Michael, Austrian musical
composer, XL 541.
, Joseph, Austrian musical composer,
XL 538; as symphonist, xvn. 96.
HAYDON, Benjamin Robert, English
painter and critic, XL 541.
HAVE, La, or The Hague (q.v.), XL 371.
, Louis Marie de la (Viscount de
Connenin), French jurist, vi. 406.
HAYES, Isaac Israel, American Arctic
explorer, xix. 322.
, Rutherford B., president of the
United States, xxm. 784.
HAY-FEVER, disease, XL 542.
HAYLEY, William, English poet and
critic, XL 542.
HAYMAKING, i. 378; machine for, i.
323-
HAYMARKET THEATRE, London, xiv.
836.
HAYNAU, town, Prussia, XL 375.
, Julius Jakob, Austrian general,
xn. 372.
HAYNE, Robert Young, American states
man, XL 543; xxm. 764.
HAYRADDIN, or Khair al-Din (Barba-
rossa), Turkish corsair, I. 565; III. 362;
xxm. 621, 643.
HAYTER, Sir George, English painter,
XL 543.
HAYTI, island, West Indies, XL 543; i.
714; xxiv. 511; Negroes of, xvn.
320; abolition of slavery in, xxii.
140.
HAYTIAN REPUBLIC, West Indies, XL
546.
HAYTON, Armenian monk and traveller,
xv. 474.
HAYTORITE, mineral, xvi. 371, 409.
HAYWARD, Sir John, early English
historian, XL 546.
HAYYAD HAHAZAKAH, Maimonides's
work, xv. 296.
HAZARA, district, India, XL 546; xx.
109.
HAZARAS, tribe, Afghanistan, i. 235.
HAZARD, game played with dice, XL
547-
HAZARIBAGH, district, India, XL 547;
town, XL 548.
HAZAR-MASJID, mountain, Persia, xiv.
66.
HAZE, Thoreau's poem, xxm. 313.
HAZEBROUCK, town, France, XL 548.
HAZEL, tree, XL 548.
NUT, xvn. 664.
HAZEL-NUT OIL, xvii. 744.
HAZLETON, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
XL 549.
HAZLITT, William, English critic, XL
549-
HAZOVO, race of people, Russia, xxi.
251.
HAZRAT AFUK, Shrine of Kashgar,
xiv. 7.
HEAD, Anatomy of the, I. 822, 836, 864,
869.
H E A — H E G
HEAD, Water in the, disease, XII. 431.
, Sir Edmund Walker, English art
critic, xi. 551.
, Sir Francis Bond, English traveller
and author, xi. 551.
, Sir George, English writer, xi.
SSI-
HEADACHE, Sick, disease, xvil. 364.
HEAD-DRESS, in Middle Ages, vi. 469.
HEADING, in tunnelling, xxin. 622.
HEALFDENE, Danish leader, his con
quest of Northumbria, xvil. 570.
HEALING SPRINGS, spa, Arirginia,
U.S.A., xvi. 436.
HEALTH, its preservation, xn. 566; its
restoration, xv. 794; xvm. 362; effects
of baths on, in. 441; influence of diet
on, vn. 200; influence of weather on,
in. 35; Plutarch on, xix. 234.
, Public, its legal aspects, XX. 96.
HEANOR, town, England, xvn. 598.
HEARING, Sense of, in man, vn. 591;
nerve of, in man, I. 895; sense of, in
bees, in. 488; organs of, in birds, in.
725; in crustaceans, vi. 638; in fishes,
XII. 652; in mammals, xv. 367; in
reptiles, XX. 461; Weber's law in re
lation to, xxiv. 471.
TRUMPET, xxin. 594.
HEARN, W. E., his Plutology, xix.
399-
HEARNE, Samuel, English Arctic ex
plorer, xi. 551; xix. 318.
, Thomas, English antiquary, XI.
55i-
HEART, Diseases of the, xi. 552; ana
tomy of, I. 899; xxiv. 98; beating of,
xix. 29; of birds, ill. 726; of mam
mals, xv. 364; of reptiles, XX. 459.
HEARTSEASE, plant, xxiv. 241.
HEAT, xi. 554; theory of action of, xix.
2; of coal as compared with that of
oil, xvm. 240; conduction of, xx.
212; convection of, xx. 212; in re
lation to crystals, xvi. 377; develop
ment of, in blast furnaces, xin. 293,
311; diffusion of, VII. 217; in electric
circuit, vni. 54; as energy, vni. 207,
208; as the equivalent of force, Mayer
on, xv. 649; latent, law of, vni. 731;
latent, Black's theory of, in. 795 ;
latent, of steam, xxil. 484; its effect on
magnetism, xv. 272; mechanical equi
valent of, vin. 209; in fusing metals,
xvi. 66; of oxyhydrogen flame, XVIII.
105; power of, in mechanics, xv. 773;
production of, by different fuels, IX.
807; radiant, Melloni's discoveries in,
xv. 840; radiation of, XX. 212;
maximum resistance to, in living
matter, in. 680, 688; its effect on rocks,
x. 258; specific, of a fluid, XXIII. 286;
its transformation into force, XXIII.
283 ; waste, utilization of, in iron
smelting, xin. 331 ; Siemens's re
searches in, xxil. 37 ; in Africa, I.
256; death from, xv. 781; of the
globe, X. 224; of the human body,
xvm. 393 ; source of plant energy,
xix. 56.
HEAT-ENGINES, xxn. 473 (index,
526).
HEATH, plant, xi. 589; xn. 263; in
South Africa, I. 258.
HEATHCOAT, John, inventor of lace-
making machines, XI. 590; XVII. 600.
HEATHER, plant, xi. 589.
HEATHER-BLEATER, bird, xxn. 200.
HEATING, Apparatus for, xi. 590; of
hospitals, XII, 305 ; in relation to
ventilation, xxiVo 161.
H EATON'S PROCESS, of steel-making,
xin. 335.
HEATSTROKE, xxn. 666.
HEAUTEFEUILLE, Jean, his suggestions
for heat-engine, xxn. 474.
HEAUTON - TIMOROUMENOS, Terence's
play, xxin. 187.
HEAVEN, in eschatology, vni. 537;
xvm. 236; of Buddhism, IV. 433; of
Zoroastrianism, xxiv. 823.
HEAVING TO, of a ship, xxi. 60 1.
HEBBEL, Friedrich, German poet and
dramatist, XL 593.
HEBDOMAD, Gnostic ethereal region, in.
421.
HEBE, of Greek mythology, XL 593.
HEBER, Reginald, bishop of Calcutta,
XI. 593; hymns by, xn. 595.
HEBERDEN, William, English physician,
XL 594; xv. 815.
HEBERT, Jacques Rend, French Revolu
tionist, XL 594.
HEBERTISTS, French Revolutionary
party, ix. 606; xx. 604.
HEBON, in Italian mythology, vn. 249.
HEBREW ANCESTRY, asserted of the
Afghans, I. 238,
HEBREW CALENDAR, iv, 677.
HEBREW CHRONOLOGY, v. 713.
HEBREW COINS, xvn. 650,
HEBREW INSCRIPTIONS, xin. 117.
HEBREW LANGUAGE, xi 594; xxi. 645;
dictionaries of, vn. 189.
HEBREW LITERATURE, xi, 5975 xin.
408; the Midrash, xvi. 285; theMish-
nah, xvi. 502; the Talmud, xxin.
35-
HEBREW MSS., Kennicott's collection
of, xiv. 36.
HEBREW PEOPLE, their history, xin.
396; history as viewed by the Chroni
cler, v. 707; religion of, xx. 361.
HEBREW POETRY, in. 638; Lowth's
Preelectiones on, xv. 30.
HEBREWS, Epistle to the, XL 602.
— , Gospel of the, x. 818.
HEBRIDES, islands, Scotland, XL 607;
xiv. 492.
, Journey to the, Johnson's work,
XIII. 727.
HEBRON, of Scripture, XL 608.
-, Mount, Palestine, xvm. 172.
HEBRUS, river, Thrace, xxin. 318.
HECAT.«US of Abdera, Greek historian
and philosopher, XL 608.
of Miletus, Greek geographer, XL
608.
HECATE, Greek goddess, XL 608; wor
ship of, xv. 202.
HECHO (Cachao), town, Anam, iv. 624.
HECKLING, in flax manufacture, xiv.
664; of rope, XX, 844.
HECKMONDWYKE, town, England, XL
609.
HECLA, volcano, Iceland, xn. 617.
HECTOCOTYLIZED ARM, in reproduction
of molluscs, xvi. 675.
HECTOR, Trojan hero, XL 609.
, Dr, on the climate of New Zea
land, xvn. 467.
HECUBA, wife of Priam of Troy, XL
609.
, Euripides's play, vni. 675.
HECYRA, Terence's play, xxin. 187.
HEDA, Willem Claasz, Dutch painter,
XL 610.
HEDAS, river, France, xvm. 414.
HEDDLE, weaving apparatus, xxiv.
464.
HEDENSTROM, Arctic explorer, xix.
3i9-
HEDERA, genus of plants, xin. 526.
HEDGEHOG, insectivorous mammal, XL
610; XV. 402; hibernation of, XL 788.
— , Sea, fish, x. 685.
HEDGES, on farms, i. 310.
HEDGE-SPARROW, bird, xxn. 369.
HEDGE TREES, Culture of, 11. 319.
HEDGING, in betting, in. 619.
HEDJAZ, orHejaz (q.v.), district, Arabia,
II. 236, 253.
HEDONISM, in ethics, vni. 582, 585.
HEDONVILLE, Sieur d' (Denis de Sallo),
French journalist, xvin. 539.
HEDYOTIS, genus of plants, xv. 177.
HEDYSARUM GYRANS, plant, its move
ments, xix. 61.
HEELU, Jan van, Dutch writer, xn. 90.
HEEM, Cornelius, David, and Johannes,
Dutch painters, XL 611.
HEEMSKERK, Johan van, Dutch poet,
XL 6n; xii. 95; xvin. 347.
, Martin Jacobsz, Dutch painter, XL
6n.
HEEREN, Arnold Hermann Ludwig,
German historian, XL 612.
HEERMANN, Johann H., German hymn-
writer, xii. 586.
HEGEKOPF, mountain, Waldeck, Ger
many, xxiv. 321.
HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich,
German philosopher, XL 612; on the
beautiful, I. 218; his ethical system,
Vin. 610; on evolution, vni. 762; on
the fine arts, IX. 212; his testimony to
Jesus Christ, xill. 669; on Kant's
system of the categories, v. 225; his
logic, Xiv. 798; his metaphysics, xvi.
86; his ideal optimism, xvin. 687; on
philosophy, xvin. 794; his influence
204
H E G — H E L
on German rationalism, XX. 290; his
relations with Schelling, XXL 390;
Schopenhauer's opposition to, XXI-452.
HEGELIANISM, in philosophy, XL 618;
Vera's, xxiv. 162.
HEGEMANN, Captain, German Arctic
explorer, xix. 323.
HEGESIAS, Cyrenaic philosopher, vin.
586.
HEGIRA, or Hijra, Era of the, iv. 679;
v. 717; xvi. 545, 551.
HEIBERG, Johan Ludvig, Danish poet,
XL 621; vii. 92.
HEIDE, town, Prussia, XL 622.
HEIDEGGER, John Henry, Swiss theo
logian, XL 622.
HEIDELBERG, town, Germany, XL 622;
library, xiv. 527, 546; university,
XXIIL 840.
HEIDELOFF, Karl Alexander von,
German architect, XL 624.
HEIDENHAIN, Rudolf, on animal mag
netism, xv. 278.
HEILAND, or HGliand, old Saxon poem,
XL 630; x. 522.
HEILBRONN, town, Wiirtemberg, Ger
many, XL 624; population, xxiv. 701.
HEILIGENBLUT, town, Tyrol, Organ of
church at, XVII. 836.
HEILIGENSTADT, town, Prussia, XL 624.
HEILIGMANN, Andreas, German Re
former, xvin. 55.
HEILSBERG, town, Prussia, XL 624.
HEILSBRONN, town, Bavaria, XL 624.
HEIM, Francois Joseph, French painter,
XL 624.
HEIMBACH, Karl Wilhelm Ernst, his
edition of the Basilica, ill. 420.
HEIMDAL, Norse deity, i. 211.
HEINE, Heinrich, German poet and
journalist, XL 625; x. 545.
HEINECCIUS, Johann Gottlieb, German
jurist, XL 628.
HEINECKEN, Christian Heinrich, pre
cocious German child, XL 628.
HEINHARDUS (Eginhard), biographer of
Charlemagne, VII. 697.
HEINRICHSHALL, Reuss, Germany, its
brine springs, XX. 494.
HEINS, Daniel, Dutch scholar, XL 628.
HEINSE, Johann Jacob Wilhelm, Ger
man romancist, XL 628.
HEINSIUS, Daniel, Dutch scholar, XL
628.
, Nikolaes, Dutch scholar, XL 628;
XII. 95.
, Nikolaes, Dutch romancist, XL 629.
HEINZERLING, C., his chromo-tanned
leather, xiv. 389.
HEIR-AT-LAW, xm. 77, 197; in Roman
law, xx. 674, 692, 706, 713.
H EIRICUS, or Eric, scholastic philosopher,
XXL 420.
HEIRLOOM, xix. 733; law relating to,
xvin. 665.
HEITSI-EIBIB, Hottentot deity, xn. 311
xvii. 147.
HEJAZ, district, Arabia, n. 236, 253; xv.
669; XXIIL 653; conquest of, by the
Turks, XXIIL 643.
HEKABE, or Hecuba, wife of Priam of
Troy, XL 609.
HEKTOGRAPH METHOD, of writing,
xxiv. 697.
HEKTOREVIC, Peter, Ragusan poet, XXL
690.
HELAGS FJELL, mountain, Sweden,
xxn. 736.
HELDENBUCH, collection of German
tales, x. 525; xx. 657.
H ELDER, township, Holland, XL 629.
HELEN, of Greek legend, XL 629.
HELENA, of Greek legend, XL 629;
xvni. 295; Zeuxis's picture of, xxiv.
783.
— , companion of Simon Magus, XXI I.
80.
— , St, mother of Constantino the
Great, XL 630; legend of her inven
tion of the cross, vi. 610.
— , Euripides's play, vin. 677.
— , town, Montana, U.S.A., xvi. 774.
— , Mount, California, XXIIL 80 1.
HELENSBURGH, town, Scotland, XL 630.
HELGOLAND, or Heligoland, island,
North Sea, XL 630.
HELI^EA, body of Athenians acting as
jurors, xxn. 254.
HELIAND, old Saxon poem, XL 630; x.
522.
HELIANTHEMUM, garden perennial,
xn. 251.
HELIANTHUS, garden perennial, xn.
251; xxn. 659.
HELICHRYSUM, genus of plants, xn.
716.
HELICOIDAL ASYMMETRY, in crystal
lography, xix. 313.
HELICON, mountain, Greece, XL 630;
as seat of the Muses, xvii. 74.
of Cyzicus, on eclipses, II. 747.
HELICOPTERS, Pcnaud's flying machine,
ix. 321.
HELIGOLAND, island, North Sea, XL
630.
HELIODILUS, genus of owls, xvni. 89.
HELIODORUS, Greek romance-writer,
XL 632; xx. 635.
-, Roman surgeon, xxn. 675.
HELIOGABALUS, Roman emperor, XL
632.
HELIOGRAPHY, signalling by mirrors,
XL 632.
HELIOGRAVURE, photographic engrav
ing, vin. 440.
HELIOMETER, astronomical instrument,
xvi. 250, 252; at Oxford, XXIIL 149.
HELIOPOLIS, ancient town, Egypt, vii.
769.
— (Baalbec), ancient town, Syria, in.
176.
HELIORNIS, genus of birds, xx. 223.
HELIOS, sun-god, tutelary deity of
Rhodes, xx. 526.
HELIOSTAT, signalling instrument, x.
165; XL 633; improved by Drummond,
vii. 480.
HELIOTROPE, mineral, XL 634; xvi.
389-
, plant, XL 633.
HELIOTROPION, Syros, cave showing
turning-point of the sun, XVIII. 733.
HELIOTROPISM, turning to the light, of
plants, xix. 58.
HELIOTROPIUM, genus of plants, XL
633; xii. 263.
HELIOTYPE, method of photographic
printing, XVIII. 832.
HELIOZOA, class of Protozoa, xix. 844.
HELIX, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 661;
xxn. 187.
HELL, in eschatology, vni. 536; xiv.
646; of Buddhism, iv. 433; Mandiean,
xv. 469; Zoroastrian, xxiv. 823.
HELLANICUS, Greek logographer and
historian, XL 634.
HELLAS, ancient Greece, XL So.
HELLEBORE, plant, XL 635; as garden
perennial, xii. 251.
HELLEBRAND, or Hildebrand (Pope
Gregory VII.), XL 176.
HELLENES, ancient Greeks, XL 90, 93.
HELLENICA, Xenophon's work, xxiv.
721.
HELLENICUS, Greek chronologist, v.
710.
HELLENISM, its influence at the Chris
tian era, in. 642 ; in Egypt, xv.
144; among the Jews, xm. 421;
xvni. 760; literature of, XL 143;
spread of, in Asia, xv. 141; Isocrates
' on, xm. 390.
HELLENISTS, Greek-speaking people,
XL 636.
, English school of, ill. 580.
HELLESPONT, strait, Turkey, XL 636;
ill. 797; vi. 823; xv. 820.
HELLEVOETSLUIS, or Helvoetsluys,
town, Holland, XL 643; XXL 9.
H ELLIN, town, Spain, XL 637.
HELLVILLE, town, Madagascar, xvii.
596.
HELM, or Helmet, headpiece, XL 637.
, of ships, XXL 602.
HELMAND, river, Afghanistan and
Persia, I. 229; xxn. 100.
HELMERS, Jan Frederik, Dutch poet,
XL 637; xn. 97.
HELMET, headpiece, XL 637.
, in heraldry, XL 711.
- BEETLE, insect, vi. 134.
HELMHOLTZ, Hermann L. F. von, on
acoustics, I. 118; XXIV. 273,275; his
theorem of vortex atoms, III. 44; on
resonant mechanism in the ear, VII.
593; xvii. 103; experiments in optics,
xvii. 802 ; on measurement of space,
xv. 664; his double syren, L 109,
117.
HELMINTHOLOGY, Rise of, as a special
study, xvin. 258.
H E L — H E N
205
HELMOND, town, Holland, xi. 637.
HELMONT, Jean Baptiste van, mystic
and alchemist, XI. 638; V. 460; XV.
810; his influence on physical science,
I. 467.
HELMSDALE, town, Scotland, xxn.
727.
HELMSLEY CASTLE, Yorkshire, Eng
land, xxiv. 749.
HELMSTADT, or Helmstedt, town,
Germany, XI. 638; university, XXIII.
Q i •- Q i Q
o4S) °4o-
HELODERMA, genus of lizards, xiv.
735; xvi. 218; xx. 451.
HELODROMAS, genus of birds, xxi. 260.
HELOISE, Abelard's wife, I. 34.
, La Nouvelle, Rousseau's novel, xxi.
26.
HELOTS, Spartan bondmen, xi. 638; xv.
96; xxn. 131, 370.
HELPS, Sir Arthur, English writer, xi.
638.
HELSINGBORG, town, Sweden, xi. 640.
HELSINGFORS, town, Finland, Russia,
XI. 640; library of, xiv. 549; observa
tory, xvii. 714; university, xxm.
852.
HELSINGOR (Elsinore), town, Denmark,
vin. 155.
HELST, Bartholoma3us van der, Dutch
painter, xi. 641.
HELSTON, town, England, xi. 641.
HELVELLYN, mountain, England, vi.
697; xxiv. 513.
HELVETIC REPUBLIC, The, xxn. 793.
HELVETIUS, Claude Adrien, French
philosopher, XI. 642 ; IX. 670; ethics
of, vin. 608.
HELVIDIUS PRISCUS, Roman senator,
XL 643.
HELVINE, mineral, xvi. 411.
HELVOETSLUYS, town, Holland, XL 643.
HELYOT, Pierre, French monastic his
torian, XL 643.
HEMANS, Felicia Dorothea, English
poetess, xi. 643.
HEMEL-HEMPSTEAD, town, England,
XL 645.
H EMERGE APTISTS, ancient Jewish sect,
xi. 645.
HEMESA (Hems), ancient town, Syria,
XL 649.
HEMIANOPSIA, eye disease, xvii. 785.
HEMIASTER CAVERNOSUS, sea-urchin,
xx. 411.
HEMICHORDA, branch of Vertebrata,
xxiv. 187.
HEMICRANIA, disease, xvii. 364.
HEMIHEDRAL CRYSTALS, xvi. 354.
HEMIMORPHISM, in polarity of crystals,
xix. 312.
HEMIMYARIA, suborder of Tunicata,
xxm. 615.
HEMINGFORD, Walter, English chroni
cler, XL 645.
HEMIPLEGIA, disease, xvm. 255.
HEMIPODE, Andalucian, bird, xx. 147.
HEMIPTERA, order of insects, xi. 646;
XIIL 153.
HEMITELIA, genus of tree-ferns, xxm.
534-
HEMITROPE CRYSTALS, xvi. 364.
HEMIURUS, subgenus of marsupial
mammals, xvii. 796.
HEMLOCK, plant, XL 646; xvii. 232.
SPRUCE, tree, n. 320; ix. 224; in
United States, xxm. 809; the bark
used for tanning, xiv. 382.
HEMMING FORD, Walter, English chroni
cler, XI. 645.
HEMONY, F., Dutch bell-founder, in.
538.
HEMP, XL 647; drug made from, ill.
627 ; XL 648 ; factories, in England,
vill. 233; use of, in rope-making, XX.
843; Indian, xvii. 231.
, Manila, xv. 488.
CAKE, xvii. 739.
HEMP-SEED OIL, xvii. 744.
HEMPSTEAD, town, Long Island, New
York, U.S.A., xiv. 866.
HEMS, town, Syria, XL 649,
HEMSTERHUIS, Frangois, Dutch philo
sopher, XI. 649; on aesthetics, I. 221.
, Tiberius, Dutch philologist, XL
650; his relations with Ruhnken, XXI.
57-
HENAN-ISHO, Syriac writer, xxn. 843.
HENAULT, Charles Jean Francois,
French historian, XI. 650.
HENBANE, plant, xi. 650; xvii. 231.
HENDERSON, Alexander, Scottish eccle
siastic, XL 651; xxi. 512.
, Ebenezer, Scottish missionary and
writer, XI. 652.
, Norman M., his shale retorts,
xvm. 241.
HENDRICKS, Thomas A., vice-president
of the United States, xxm. 789.
HENEQUEN, plant fibre, its production
in Yucatan, xxiv. 758.
HENGELO, town, Holland, xvm. 78.
HENGEST AND HORSA, Invasion of
England by, vm. 269.
HENGSTENBERG, Ernst Wilhelm, Ger
man theologian, XL 652.
HENGWRT COLLECTION, Welsh litera
ture, v. 314.
HEN-HARRIER, bird, XL 491.
HENKE, Heinrich Philipp Konrad, Ger
man theologian, XL 653; xx. 290.
HENLE, Friedrich G. J., writer on
anatomy, I. 816, 817.
HENLEY, John (Orator Henley), English
writer, XL 653.
— IN ARDEN, town, England, xxiv.
379-
HENLEY-ON-THAMES, town, England,
XL 653.
HENLEY'S ELECTROMETER, vm. 118.
HENNA, plant, XL 654.
HENNE, J. A., Swiss writer, xxn. 799.
HENNEBONT, town, France, XL 654;
xvi. 813.
HENNEPIN, Louis, early explorer of
America, xiv. 318.
HENNEQUIN, Philippe Auguste, French
painter, XL 654.
HENNERSDORF, town, Saxony, XL 655.
HENOTHEISM, form of religion, xx. 367;
xxm. 235.
HENOTICON, of Eastern Church, instru
ment of union, IX. 66; xxiv. 778.
HENRIADE, Voltaire's poem, xxiv. 292.
HENRICIANS, religious sect of France,
XL 674; xxiv. 323.
HENRIETTA MARIA, wife of Charles
I. of England, XL 655.
HENRY I., German king, XL 666; x.
482; xxi. 352.
II., emperor, XI. 666; X. 486; his
influence in Rome, xx. 790.
III., emperor, XI. 667; x. 487; his
influence in Rome, xx. 790.
-i IV., emperor, XL 667; X. 487; his
contest with the papacy, XIIL 471;
XX. 791 ; his submission to Pope
Gregory VII., XL 177.
V., emperor, XL 668; x. 489; his
investiture dispute with the pope,
xvm. 339; xx. 792.
VI., emperor, XI. 669; X. 490; XX.
794-
- VI I., emperor, XI. 669; X. 493; XX.
798; in Italy, xm. 477.
I., emperor of the East, VI. 630.
— I., king of Castile, XL 671.
II., of Castile, XL 671; xxn. 320.
III. -IV., of Castile, XL 672; xxn.
321.
I., king of England, XL 655; vm.
30 1 1 3°3-
II., of England, XI. 657; vm. 302,
307; IX. 540; XIX. 175; his struggle
with Becket, I. 32 ; his invasion of
Ireland, xm. 259; his submission to
Pope Alexander III., I. 487 ; his rela
tions with Fair Rosamond, xx. 848.
III., of England, XL 658; VIII.
306, 310; his rule in Ireland, xm.
259; his relations with Simon de
Montfort, xvi. 787.
IV., of England, XI. 659; vm. 320;
his claim to the throne, xiv. 256; his
coronation, vi. 429.
V., of England, XI. 660; vm. 320;
in France, ix. 549.
VI., of England, XI. 660; VII. 684;
vm. 320; xv. 536; xxiv. 381.
VII., of England, XL 662; vm.
— VIII., of England, XL 662; vm.
331; XV. 593; his Six Articles, n. 654;
his pillage of Becket's shrine, I. 32;
Ireland in time of, xm. 262; his
treatment of Thomas More, xvi. 817;
his attitude towards the Reformation,
XX. 328; his relations with Cranmer,
VI. 548 ; with Thomas Cromwell, VI.
606; with Cardinal Pole, XIX. 331;
with Wolsey, xxiv. 635.
206
H E N — H E R
HENRY I., king of France, xi. 669; IX.
537; his wars with William of Nor
mandy, xxiv. 575.
— II., of France, XI. 670; IX. 558.
III., of France, XI. 670; IX. 561,
562; his flight from Poland, xix.
292.
IV., of France (III. of Navarre),
xi. 671; IX. 562; his relation to the
popedom, XIX. 505; toleration of the
Huguenots by, xn. 338.
I.-II., kings of Navarre, XI. 672.
III., of Navarre (Henry IV. of
France, q.v.\ XL 671.
(of Burgundy), count of Portugal,
xix. 539.
I., king of Portugal, XI. 671; xix.
546.
, Prince, the Navigator, of Portugal,
xi. 672; xill. 714; xix. 544; his dis
coveries, x. 179.
, the Lion, duke of Saxony and
Bavaria, XI. 673; x. 490; xxi. 352.
, duke of Guise (d. 1588), XI. 267;
ix. 562.
, duke of Guise (d. 1664), XL 267.
, Wryneck, duke of Lancaster, XIV.
255.
of Castile, senator of Rome, XX.
797-
— , the Deacon, monk of Cluny, XL
674; xiv. 288.
— of Ghent, scholastic writer, XL
674.
of Huntingdon, English chronicler,
XL 674.
, Fort, United States, taking of
(1862), XXlll. 776.
, Joseph, American physicist, XI.
675-
, Matthew, English Biblical com
mentator, XL 676.
, Patrick, American statesman, XL
676; I. 721.
, Paul and Prosper, their telescope
at Paris, XXlll. 148, 153.
, Robert, Scottish historian, XL 677.
, William, English chemist, XL
677.
IV., V. and VI., Shakespeare's
plays, XXI. 761, 763, 764.
GRACE DE DIEU, warship, xvn.
281.
GUN BARREL, XL 283.
RASPE, landgrave of Thuringia,
x. 491.
HENRYSON, Robert, early Scottish poet,
XL 677.
HENSLOW, Prof., on fossil animal re
mains as manure, I. 348; vi. 353.
HENSLOWE, Philip, English dramatist,
XL 678.
HENSON PAVEMENT, xx. 586.
HENSON'S FLYING MACHINE, i. 202;
ix. 322.
HENZADA, district, British Burmah, XL
678; xxin. 330.
HEPATICA, garden perennial, XII. 249.
HEPATIC.E, group of plants, xiv. 718;
xvii. 66.
HEPATIC COLIC, passing of gall-stone,
vi. 140.
HEPATIC VEIN, xxiv. 108.
HEPATITE, mineral, xvi. 400.
HEPATIZATION, Red and grey, diseases,
xix. 249, 250.
HEPBURN, James, earl of Both well, iv.
164; xv. 595; XXL 504.
HEPH^ESTIA, town, Lemnos, xiv. 437.
HEPH^STIADES (Lipari Islands), Medi
terranean Sea, Xiv. 682.
HEPH^STION, friend of Alexander the
Great, XL 678; I. 484; XVIIL 585.
grammarian of Alexandria, XL
678.
HEPH^STUS, Greek god (the Latin
Vulcan), XL 679; xxiv. 301.
(Ptah), Egyptian divinity, vii.
717.
HEPHTHALITES, or White Huns, xiv,
59; XVIIL 610,613; XXIIL 639.
HEPPINGEN, spa, Prussia, xvi. 436.
HEPTAGLOTT LEXICON, xix. 417.
HEPTAMERON, tales by Queen Margaret
of Navarre, ix. 653; xv. 539.
HEPTANESIAN ISLANDS, Greece, XIIL
205.
HEPTAPLUS, Pico's work, xix. Si.
HEPTARCHY, in England, VIIL 269.
HEPTATEUCH, ^Elfric's, VIIL 382.
HERA, Greek goddess (the Latin Juno),
XL 679; XIIL 778; XVIIL 295; temple
of, at Olympia, II. 347; XVll. 766, 769;
temple of, at Samos, XXL 250.
HERACLAS, bishop of Alexandria, his
relations with Origen, xvii. 840.
HERACLEA, town, Caria, Asia Minor, XL
68r.
(Trachis), ancient town, Greece,
XXIIL 494.
— (Policoro), ancient town, South
Italy, XL 68 r ; xv. 37.
— (Plataiii), ancient town, Sicily, XL
681.
— PERINTHUS, town, Thrace, XVIIL
535-
— PONTICA (Bender Eregli), ancient
town, Phrygia, Asia Minor, XL
681.
— SINTICA (Zervokhori), ancient
town, Macedonia, XL 68 1.
HERACLEAN STONE, magnetic iron ore,
xv. 219.
HERACLEIA, or Heraclea (q.v.\ ancient
towns of Greece, Italy, and Sicily, XL
681.
HERACLEID^E, Euripides's play, VIIL
676.
HERACLEION (Candia), ancient town,
Crete, IV. 802.
HERACLEON, Italian Gnostic, XL 681;
xxiv. 38.
HERACLEOTIC CHERSONESE, Crimea,
xxi. 616.
HERACLES, or Hercules, of Greek legend,
XL 725; xvii. 346; xx. 639.
- MAINOMENOS, Euripides's play,
VIIL 676.
HERACLID/E, Dorian race, Greece, vm.
477; XL 92.
HERACLIDES PONTICUS, Greek miscel
laneous writer, XL 68 1.
HERACLIDS, in the Peloponnesus, VIIL
477; XL 92.
HERACLITUS of Ephesus, Greek meta
physician, XL 68 1 ; on evolution, vm.
755; his logic, xiv. 784; on scepticism,
xxi. 379; his influence on Stoicism,
XXII. 564.
HERACLIUS, emperor of the East, XL
682; originator of monothelite con
troversy, xvi. 758; his expedition into
Persia, XVIIL 614.
-, czar of Georgia, XVIIL 646.
HERAD, Norwegian land division, xvn.
584.
HERAEUS of Hanau, his platinum pro
cess, xix. 190.
HERAION, temple of Hera, at Olympia,
Greece, xvi I. 769.
HERALD, messenger between sovereigns
or armies, XL 687; in feudal times,
xiv. 117.
HERALDRY, XL 683 ; its value in
archaeology, II. 343; crosses in, vi. 613;
connexion of flags with, IX. 278; its
influence on mediaeval dress, XL 464.
HERAPATHITE, quinine compound, xx.
185.
HERAT, town, Afghanistan, XL 713; its
relations with Persia, XVIIL 649, 650.
HERAULT, department, France, XL 715.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS, iv. 95.
HERBAGE CROPS, Culture of, i. 370.
HERBALL, Gerard's work, x. 441.
HERBALS, Early, xv. 805.
HERBARIUM, XL 715; Hooker's, xn.
152.
HERBART, Johann Friedrich, German
philosopher, XL 718; his logic, xiv.
794-
HERBELOT, Barthelemy d', French
Orientalist, XL 720.
HERBERAY, Nicolas de, French trans
lator of Amadis, xx. 654.
HERBERT, bishop of Glasgow, xiv. 41.
, Lord, of Cherbury, English philo
sopher, XL 722; on deism, vii. 34.
, George, English religious poet, XL
721.
, Henry William, English novelist
and writer on sports, XL 721.
, Sir Thomas, English traveller and
writer, XL 721.
HERBS, Kitchen, xn. 289.
HERCULANEUM, ancient town, Italy,
XL 723; xix. 444; xxiv. 196; street
architecture of, II. 421; ancient MSS.
found in, XVIIL 145.
HERCULANO, Alexandre, Portuguese
novelist, xix. 557.
H E K — H E R
207
HERCULES, of Greek mythology, xi.
725; xvil. 346; romances relating to,
xx. 639.
I.-II., princes of Este, vin. 559.
BATHS, Banat, Hungary, xv. 830;
xvi. 435.
HERCULIUS, surname of Maximianus,
Eomaii emperor, xv. 644.
HERCYNIAN MOUNTAINS, Austria, in.
116.
HERCYNITE, mineral, xvi. 386.
HERDER, Johann Gottfried von, Ger
man writer, XI. 727; X. 537; his
estimate of Kant, Xin. 846; on the
Song of Solomon, v. 33.
HERDERITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
HEREDITAMENTS, Corporeal and in
corporeal, xx. 306.
HEREDITY, in biology, i. 87; in. 687;
iv. 245 ; xx. 421 ; xxiv. 818 ; deaf-
muteism arising from, vii. 5; its bear
ing upon ethics, vin. 608; its ethno
logical aspects, vin. 615; of instinct,
xiii. 159; of mental diseases, XIII. 96;
in plants, i. 87; IV. 245.
HEREFORD, county, England, XL 729;
population and representation, XXIII.
727.
, town, England, XL 730 ; news
papers of, XVIL 421.
, Henry, Duke of, XIV. 256.
, Nicolas, English Lollard, xiv. 81 1 ;
his translation of the Bible, vill. 383;
xxiv. 710.
HEREFORDS, breed of cattle, i. 388.
HERENCIA, town, Spain, XL 731.
HERENY, Hungary, Observatory at,
xvn. 713.
HERER, or Harar, town, North-East
Africa, XL 454.
HERERO, African race, XL 732.
HEREROLAND, district, South - West
Africa, XL 731.
HERESIES, Hippolytus's refutation of,
XL 854; Irenseus's treatise on, Xin.
273-
HERESY, XL 732; first English statute
against, vin. 325; treatment of, by
the Eoman Church, xiii. 91; applica
tion of torture in trials for, XXIII.
463; witchcraft as, xxiv. 620.
HEREWARD, English chief, vin. 292.
HERFORD, town, Prussia, XL 738.
HERIBERT, archbishop of Milan, xin.
470.
HERICART, Marie, wife of La Fontaine,
xiv. 204.
HERING, Ewald, his speculations in
physiology, xix. 22.
HERIOT, obligation attaching to copy
hold tenure, VI. 356.
, George, founder of Heriot's Hospital,
Edinburgh, XL 738.
HERIOT'S HOSPITAL, Edinburgh, vn.
666.
HERI-RUD, river, Transcaspian region,
Eussia, xvi. 41; xxin. 512.
HERISAU, town, Switzerland, XL 739;
xxii. 778.
HERITABLE JURISDICTIONS, in Scots
law, XL 739.
HERITABLE PROPERTY, in Scots law,
xvin. 665.
HERITAGE, in Scots law, xin. 77.
HERLEN, Fritz, German painter, XL
739-
HERLEVA, mother of William the Con
queror, xvn. 542.
HERMAGORAS, of Temnos, rhetorician,
xx. 514.
HERMANDAD, Santa, Spanish confedera
tion, xxii. 326.
HERMANFRIED, Frankish king, x. 476.
HERMANN, German chronicler, XL 739.
, Friedrich Benedict Wilhelm von,
German political economist, XL 739;
xix. 388.
, Johann. Gottfried Jakob, German
philologist, XL 741; on the Homeric
poems, XIL 117.
, Karl Friedrich, German scholar,
XL 741.
JOSEPH, his contributions to the
Ursula legend, xxiv. 13.
HERMANNITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
HERMANNS, James (Arminius), Dutch
theologian, II. 551; XIL 78.
HERMANNSTADT, town, Hungary, XL
.741.
HERMANN UND DOROTHEA, Goethe's
idyl, x. 732.
HERMANNUS CONTRACTUS, German
chronicler, XI. 739.
HERMANRIC, Gothic king, x. 848.
HERMANSEN, James (Arminius), Dutch
theologian, II. 551; XII. 78.
HERMANUBIS, Eoman diety, n. 146.
HERMAPHRODITISM, xv. 779; xvi. 764;
XXL 720.
HERMAS, Pastor or Shepherd of, early
Christian work, 1 1. 180, 197; the
Gospels not quoted in, X. 815.
HERMENEUTICS, Biblical, XL 741;
Ernesti's works on, vin. 527.
HERMES, Greek god (the Eoman Mer
cury), XL 749; xvi. 31; statue of, at
Pharos, Xiv. 248; statuette group in
cluding, xxin. 192.
, Harris's work on grammar, XL 493.
, Georg, German Catholic theologian,
XL 750.
HERMESIANAX, Greek poet, XL 751.
HERMES TRISMEGISTUS, of Egyptian
mythology, XL 750; I. 462.
HERMETICS, or Alchemy, i. 459.
HERMIAS, Tomb of, at Cyprus, x. 648.
HERMINONES, ancient Germans, x. 473.
HERMIT, The, poem by Thomas Parnell,
xvin. 318.
HERMITAGE CASTLE, Eoxburgh, Scot
land, XXL 34.
HERMITAGE WINE, xxiv. 606.
HERMIT CRAB, vi. 642, 656; parasite
of, xvin. 260, 261.
HERMITE, Charles, on squaring the
circle, XXII. 436.
HERMITS, Monastic, xvi. 698.
HERMOCRATES, of Plato, xix. 209.
, Syracusan ruler, xxn. 814.
HERMOGENES, of Tarsus, Greek
rhetorician, XL 751; his rhetoric, xx.
514.
HERMOGENIAN CODE, in Eoman law,
xx. 711.
HERMON, mountain, Syria, XL 751.
HERMONTHIS (Arment), ancient town,
Egypt, vii. 782.
HERMOPOLIS, town, Syra, Greece, xxn.
813-
MAGNA (El-Ashmooneyn), ancient
town, Egypt, vn. 775.
HERMOSILLO, town, Mexico, XL 752.
HERMOTIMUS, Lucian's dialogue, xv.
45-
HERMSDORF, town, Prussia, XL 752.
HERMUNDURI, ancient Germanic tribe,
xxin. 331.
HERMUS (Gedisz Tchai), river, Asia
Minor, II. 708.
HERNIA, disease, XL 752.
HERNICANS, or Hernici, ancient Italian
race, xiii. 445; xiv. 344; xx. 739.
HERNOSAND, town, Sweden, XL 754.
HERNSER, bird, XL 760.
HERO, or Heron, mathematician of
Alexandria, XL 760; inventor of heat-
engine, xxn. 473.
AND LEANDER, of Greek legend,
XL 754.
AND LEANDER, Marlowe's lyric,
xv. 558.
HEROD, the Great, king of the Jews, xi.
754; xin. 425; Jerusalem in time of,
Xin. 641; temple of, at Jerusalem, II.
393; xxin. 1 68.
AGRIPPA, tetrarch, xin. 426.
ANTIPAS, tetrarch of Galilee, XL
755; xin. 426.
PHILIP, tetrarch of Itunea, XL
benefactor of
exedra of, at
755-
HERODES ATTICUS,
Athens, in. 9, 61
Olympia, xvn. 769.
HERODIAN NUMERALS, xvn. 625.
HERODIANS, Jewish sect, XL 755.
HERODIANUS, Greek historian, XL 756.
, ^Elius, Eoman grammarian, XL
756 ; Greek notation of numerals
named after him, xvn. 625.
HERODIAS, wife of Herod Antipas, xi.
755-
HERODIONES, group of birds, xvin. 47.
HERODOTUS, Greek historian, XL 756,
141 ; on the Medo-Persian empire,
xvin. 561 ; on the topography of
Babylon, in. 182.
, EennelTs Geographical System of,
xx. 400.
HEROES, Mythical, xvn. 158.
HEROICON, Philostratus's work, xvin.
797-
208
H E K — H E W
HEROLD, Louis Joseph Ferdinand,
French musician, XI. 759.
HERON, bird, xi. 760; xvm. 811; hawk
ing of, ix. 9.
, mathematician of Alexandria, XI.
760.
, the Younger, Byzantine scientist,
xi. 760.
HEROON, ruined structure at Olympia,
Greece, xvn. 767.
HEROOPOLIS, ancient town, Egypt, XX.
265.
HEROPHILUS, Alexandrian physician,
XV. 80 1 ; on anatomy, I. 802; on the
brain, XVIII. 842; as surgeon, xxil.
674.
HEROSTRATUS, incendiary of temple of
Artemis at Ephesus, vill. 466.
HERPES, disease, xvm. 398; xxn. 123.
HERPESTES, genus of carnivorous
mammals, xn. 629; XV. 436.
HERPETOLOGY, science dealing with
reptiles, XX. 432, 433.
HERPETON TENTACULATUS, species of
snakes, xxn. 194.
HERRENGRUNDITE, mineral, xvi. 402.
HERRENHAUS, Prussian legislative
chamber, XX. 18.
HERRERA, Fernando de, Spanish poet,
xi. 762; xxn. 357.
, Francisco, the Elder, Spanish
painter, xi. 763 ; his relations with
Velazquez, XXIV. 132.
, Francisco, the Younger, Spanish
painter, xi. 763.
, Juan, Spanish architect, II. 442;
vin. 540.
Y TORDESILLAS, Antonio de,
Spanish historian, xi. 763.
HERREROS, Breton de los, Spanish
dramatist, xxil. 361.
HERRICK, Robert, English poet, xi.
763; xvm. 347.
HERRING, fish, xi. 764; xn. 694; fry
of (whitebait), XXiv. 550; fisheries,
IX. 251, 257.
HERRNHUT, town, Saxony, seat of the
Moravian Brethren, XI. 765; xvi. 812;
xxiv. 789.
HERSCHEL, Caroline Lucretia, astro
nomer, xi. 765.
, Sir Frederick William, astronomer,
XI. 765; his discoveries, II. 758; his
improvements of the micrometer, xvi.
243; on the nebular theory, XVII. 31 1 ;
on radiation of heat, XX. 213; on the
magnitude of stars, xvm. 840; on
sun-spots, II. 786; his improvements
of the telescope, xxm. 138, 145; Iris
discovery of Uranus, II. 812; his ob
servatory at Slough, England, XVII.
711.
, Sir John F. W., English astro
nomer, XI. 768; on the Orion nebulie,
II. 820; on stellar photometry, xvm.
840; on sun-spots, 1 1. 786.
HERSCHELITE, mineral, xvi. 422.
HERSENT, Louis, French painter, XI.
770.
HERSFELD, town, Prussia, xi. 770.
HERSLEB, Peder, Norwegian theological
writer, XVII. 590.
HERSTAL, town, Belgium, xi. 770.
HERTFORD, county, England, xi. 771;
population arid representation, xxm.
727; town, xi. 772.
— COLLEGE, Oxford, xvm. 96.
H ERTOGENBOSCH, 's (Bois-le-Duc), town,
Holland, in. 864.
HERTS, or Hertford, county, England,
xi. 771; xxm. 727.
HERTZ, Henrik, Danish poet, xi. 773;
vii. 93.
HERTZEN, Alexander, Russian writer,
xi. 773; xxi. 108.
HERULI, or Herulians, ancient Germanic
tribe, XI. 774; XIV. 813; XVII. 726;
invasion of Italy by, xill. 467.
HERVEY, Lord, English politician and
writer, xi. 774.
, James, English religious writer,
xi. 774.
ARCHIPELAGO, South Pacific, vi.
331; Williams' s mission to, xxiv. 586.
HERWART AB HOHENBURG, German
mathematician, xvn. 183.
HERWEGH, Georg, German poet, x. 546.
HERZEGOVINA, province, Austria-Hun
gary, XI. 775 ; acquired by Austria
(1878), xxm. 652.
HERZEN, or Hertzen, Alexander, Russian
writer, xi. 773; xxi. 108.
HERZOG, German title, XIX. 739.
HES, Egyptian divinity, vn. 717.
HESARGRAD (Rasgrad), town, Bulgaria,
xx. 283.
HESEKIEL, George Louis, German
author, xi. 777.
HESIOD, Greek poet, xi. 777, 138; his
Five Ages, I. 278.
HESIONE SPLENDIDA, species of Anne
lida, ii. 68.
HESIRI (Osiris), Egyptian deity, vii.
716.
HESPERIDES, of Greek legend, xi. 778.
HESPERIDINE, bitter principle in lemon-
peel, xiv. 438.
HESPEROMYS, genus of rodent mammals,
xvii. 6.
HESS, Heinrich Maria von, German
painter, xi. 778.
, Karl, German painter, XI. 779.
, Peter von, German painter, XI.
779-
HESSE, old country of Germany, XI. 779.
, La, mineral spring, France, xvm.
I.
HESSE-CASSEL, state, Germany, xi. 779.
HESSE-DARMSTADT, grand-duchy, Ger
many, xi. 780.
HESSE-HOMBURG, province, Germany,
XI. 781.
HESSE-NASSAU, province, Prussia, XI.
779; xx. 14, 16.
HESSIA, old country of Germany, xi.
779-
HESSIAN FLY, insect, xi. 781; vii. 256;
as wheat pest, xxiv. 535.
HESSITE, mineral, xvi. 392.
HESSUS, Helius Eobanus, German
Humanist, xi. 781.
HESTIA, Greek goddess (the Roman
Vesta), xi. 782; xxiv. 193.
HESTI^EOTIS, district, Thessaly, xxm.
299.
HESUS, Druidic god, vn. 478.
HESYCHASTS, sect, Greek Church, XI.
782.
HESYCHIUS, Alexandrian grammarian,
xi. 782.
, Byzantine church historian, xxi I.
238.
, reviser of the Septuagint, xxi.
669.
HET^RISTS, in Moldavia (1821), xxi.
20.
HETERAUXESIS, unequal growth in
plants, xix. 58, 63.
HETEROBRANCHUS, genus of fishes,
xxu. 67.
HETEROCERA, group of insects, xin.
151.
HETEROCCELA, order of sponges, xxn.
422.
HETEROMASTIGODA, order of Protozoa.
xix. 857.
HETEROMERA, group of insects, vi.
133; xin. 149.
HETEROMYA, order of Mollusca, xvi.
685.
HETEROPEGMA NODUS - GORDII,
% sponge, xxn. 413.
HETEROPHASIA, medical term, n.
171.
HETEROPTERA, group of insects, xi.
646; xin. 153.
HETEROTRICHA, order of Protozoa,
xix. 863.
HETEROZITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
HETTSTADT, town, Prussia, xi. 783.
HEUEN-CHOW, town, China, xxm.
607.
HEUGLIN, Theodor von, German
traveller, XI. 783.
HEULANDITE, mineral, xvi. 422.
HEUNG-NOO,or Hiong-nu (<i.v.\ Turkish
people, v. 644.
HEUSCH, Jacob de, Dutch painter, xi.
783.
, Willem, Dutch painter, xi. 783.
HEVEA, india-rubber plant, xn. 836.
HEVEENE, hydrocarbon oil, XII. 840.
HEVELIUS, Johann, German astronomer,
XI. 784; II. 754; on sun-spots, n.
785; his controversy with Hooke, xn.
149; his observatory at Dantzic, xvn.
709.
HEVER CASTLE, Kent, England, xiv.
40.
HEWSON, William, his anatomical dis
coveries, I. 815.
H E X — H I L
209
HEXACORALLA, group of Actinozoa, i.
130.
HEXACTINELLIDA, subclass of sponges,
xxn. 421.
HEXAEMERON, The, Basil's work, xix.
7-
HEXAGONAL SYSTEM, of crystals, xvi.
358.
HEXAGRAM, Mystic, Pascal's, xvm.
338.
HEXAPLA, Origen's work, in. 646;
xvii. 840; xix. 417.
HEXAPOLIS, Doric league, xx. 526.
HEXAPROTODON, fossil ungulate
mammal, xxil. 772.
HEXATEUCH, Pentateuch and Joshua,
xvm. 505.
HEXHAM, town, England, XL 784; xvii.
567, 568.
HEYDEN, Jan van der, Dutch painter,
xi. 784.
HEYDUK, Adolf, Bohemian poet, xxn.
152.
HEYDUKE, or Hajduk, district, Hungary,
xi. 377.
HEYLIN, Peter, English writer, XI. 784;
xvni. 205.
HEYNE, Christian Gottlob, German
critic and archaeologist, XI. 785.
HEYSE, Paul, German tale-writer, x.
545-
HEYWOOD, town, England, xi. 786.
— , Jasper, English dramatist, VII.
428.
— , John, English epigrammatist, XI.
786; IX. 366; his interludes, VII.
415.
, Thomas, English dramatist, xi.
786; vn. 432.
HEZAR AFSANE, Persian tales, xxm.
3i7-
HEZEKIAH, king of Judah, xi. 787;
xni. 413.
HIAKUNINSHIU, Japanese poems, xni.
587.
HlANG-KlANG (Hong-Kong), island and
town, China, XII. 141; xvii. 716.
HlAOU, island, Marquesas, Pacific, xv.
564.
HIAWATHA, Longfellow's poem, i. 731;
xiv. 861.
HIBERNATION, of animals, XL 787; of
fishes, XII. 665; of plants, XI. 789.
HIBISCUS, genus of plants, xi. 276.
HICCOUGH, abnormal respiration, xx.
480.
HICETAS, Carthaginian general, xxm.
397-
HICKES, George, English non-juring
divine, xi. 789.
HICKORY, tree, xi. 790; in United
States, xxin. 808.
- NUT, xvii. 664.
HICKS, Elias, founder of a Quaker sect,
xi. 791; xx. 149.
HIDALGO, state, Mexico, xvi. 214.
, Miguel, Mexican leader, xvi. 219.
HlDDEKEL, river of Scripture, xxm.
386.
HIDE OF LAND, in early England, vin.
272.
HIDES, for tanning, xiv. 380, 384.
HlDEYOSHl, Japanese dynasty, XIII.
583-
HIEMPSAL, Numidian prince, XIII. 766.
HlERA, island, Mediterranean, xiv. 682.
HIERACAS, or Hierax, Greek ascetic,
XL 792.
HIERACITES, ascetic sect, XL 792.
HlERAPOLlS, ancient town, Phrygia,
Asia Minor, XI. 791.
— , ancient town, Syria, XL 791;
vin. 669; xxn. 822.
HIERARCHY, XL 792.
HIERATIC NUMERALS, xvii. 625.
HIERATIC WRITING, Egyptian, XL 794.
HIERAX, Greek ascetic, XL 792.
HIERO I., tyrant of Syracuse, XL 793;
xxn. 16, 814; coins of, xvii. 638.
II., of Syracuse, XI. 793; xxn. 21,
8 1 6; opposes Kome, XX. 747; ship of,
II. 367-
HIEROCLES, Roman proconsul, XL 793.
, Neoplatonic writer, XL 793.
HIEROGLYPHICS, XL 794; origin of
alphabets in, I. 601; XL 807; of nu
merical symbols in, xvn. 625.
HIEROGLYPHIC WRITING, Egyptian, XL
794; Mexican, I. 695; xvi. 212; Tib
etan, xxm. 348.
HIEROMNEMONES, officials of Greek
amphictyony, I. 772.
HIERON, or Hiero (q.v.), I., tyrant of
Syracuse, XL 793; xxn. 16.
II., of Syracuse, XL 793; XXIL 21.
HIERONYMITES, order of monks, XL
809; xvi. 711.
HlERONYMUS(St Jerome, q.v.), Xlll. 630.
— , archbishop of Salzburg, his treat
ment of Mozart, xvn. 9.
of Syracuse, XXII. 817.
-, Girolamo Aleandro, cardinal, I.
476.
HIEROTHEUS, Book of, Syriac work,
xxn. 832.
HIERRO (Ferro, q.v.), island, Canaries,
iv. 800.
HIGDON, or Higden, Ranulf, English
chronicler, XL 809.
HIGHAM-FERRERS, town, England,
xvn. 556.
HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE, England, n.
209; xni. 788.
HIGH COURT OF JUSTICIARY, Scotland,
xni. 790.
HIGHGATE, suburb of London, XL 809.
— RESIN, mineral, xvi. 428.
HIGH-HOLDER, or Highhole, bird,
xxiv. 651.
HIGHLAND AND AGRICULTURAL
SOCIETY, Scotland, i. 305.
HIGHLAND CATTLE, i. 389.
HIGHLAND COSTUME, vi. 478; clan
tartans, xxin. 68.
HIGHLANDS, of Scotland, XXL 522.
HIGHNESS, title, xxin. 418.
HIGH PLACES, of Scripture, XL 810; of
Judah, xni. 413 ; worship on, in.
635.
HIGH PRIEST, Jewish, xvni. 510; xxn.
812; breastplate of, X. 138.
HlGHS, or Hayes, his claim to Ark-
wright's inventions, II. 542.
HIGH STEWARD, of England, xxn.
458.
HIGH STREET, mountain, England,
xxiv. 513.
HIGH TREASON, Law of, xxin. 527.
HIGH WATER, tide, xxin. 369.
HIGHWAY PARISH, in England, xvni.
296.
HIGHWAYS, Law of, XL 811; toll on,
xxin. 436.
HIGH WYCOMBE, town, England, xxiv.
712.
HIJAZ, or Hejaz (q.v.), district, Arabia,
xv. 669.
HIJRA, Hejira, or Hegira, Moslem era,
iv. 679; v. 717; xvi. 545, 551.
HIKAYAT, in Malay literature, xv. 326.
HIKENA, mountain, Sahara, Africa, XXL
149.
HILARION, St, Palestinian ascetic, XL
812; xvi. 700; xxn. 291.
HILARIUS, or Hilary, St, bishop of
Aries, XL 812; XIX. 492.
, St, bishop of Poitiers, XL 812; as
hymn- writer, XII. 581.
, or Hilarus, bishop of Rome, XL
812.
HILARY. See Hilarius.
HILDA, St, abbess of Hartlepool ai)d
Whitby, England, XL 813; iv. 630.
HlLDBURGHAUSEN, town, Germany, XL
814; XXL 348.
HILDEBERT, bishop of Tours, XL 814.
HILDEBRAND (Pope Gregory VII., </.r.),
X. 488; XL 176; XIII. 470; XIX. 498,
499; xx. 791.
, Bruno, German economist, xix.
39i-
HlLDEBRANDISM, VI. 241.
HILDEBRANDSLIED, old German poem,
xi. 814; x. 522.
HILDEBRANDT, Edward, German
painter, XL 814.
, Theodor, German painter, XI. 815.
HILDEGARD, German abbess and mystic,
XL 815; xvii. 132.
HILDEN, town, Prussia, XI. 816.
, Tabriz von, German surgeon, xxn.
676.
HILDERIC, Vandal king, xxiv. 59.
HILDESHEIM, town, Hanover, Prussia,
XL 816; baptismal font at, IX. 362;
ancient plate found at, XL 816; xix.
181.
HILDRETH, Richard, American writer,
XL 817; I. 723.
HILL, Viscount, English general, XL
819.
XXV. — 27
210
H I L — H I S
HILL, Aaron, English poet and dramatist,
XL 817.
• , Abigail, lady-in-waiting to Queen
Anne, XV. 553, 555; xvm. 100.
, John, English postal reformer, XIX.
564.
, Joshua, Pitcairn Islander, xix. 132.
, Matthew Davenport, English
criminal law reformer, XL 817.
• , Rowland, English preacher, XI.
817.
— , Sir Rowland, originator of penny
postal system, xi. 818; xix. 567.
— , Thomas, writer on physiognomy,
xix. 5.
HILLAH, town, Asiatic Turkey, XI. 819;
in. 182.
HILLARD, George Stillman, American
writer, XI. 819; I. 724.
HILLEL, Jewish rabbi, xi. 819.
HlLLER, Johann Adam, German musical
composer, XI. 820; as hymn-writer,
XII. 587.
HILL FEVER, of India, xv. 319.
HILLIARD, Nicholas, English painter,
XXI. 441, 444.
HILL TIPPERAH, state, India, xi. 820.
HILT, of sword, xxn. 803.
HILTON, Walter, English devotional
writer, xiv. 32.
, William, English painter, XI. 820.
HILVERSUM, town, Holland, xi. 821.
HIMALAYA, mountains, India, XL 821;
II. 684; xn. 732, 735; xvii. 340;
xxill. 339; birds of, ill. 761; explora
tions of, x. 193.
HlMANTOPUS, genus of birds, XXII. 551.
HlMATION, Greek article of dress, vi.
453-
HIMERA, town, Sicily, XL 836; XXIL
18; coins of, xvii. 639.
HIMMEL, Frederick Henry, German
musical composer, XI. 836.
HIMS, district of Syria, xxn. 823.
HIMYARITIC LANGUAGE, XXL 653.
HlNCKLEY, town, England, XL 836.
HINCMAR, archbishop of Rheims,
theologian, XL 836 ; IX. 534 ; xix.
496; his contest with Pope Nicholas
I., XVII. 483; his notices of Remigius,
xx. 378.
HIND AND PANTHER, Dryden's poem,
vii. 492.
HlNDHEAD HILL, Surrey, England,
XXII. 693.
HINDI LANGUAGE, XL 840; dictionaries
of, vii. 191.
HINDKIS, people, Afghanistan, I. 235.
HINDLEY, town, England, XL 837.
HINDO, island, Norway, xiv. 769; xvii.
577-
HINDOL, state, India, XL 837.
HINDU ALGEBRA, i. 517.
HINDU CHRONOLOGY, n. 698; v. 718.
HINDU DRAMA, vn. 396.
HINDU FESTIVALS, ix. 117.
HINDUISM, xn. 779; xx. 360.
HINDU KUSH, mountains, Afghanistan,
xi. 837; i. 227; II. 685; xvm. 102;
xxiii. 633.
HINDU LAW CODES, xn. 782.
HINDU PHILOSOPHY, iv. 427; philoso
phy of the categories, v. 222; logical
systems, xiv. 802.
HlNDUR, hill state, India, XL 840.
HINDUS, their origin, xn. 779; n. 672;
institution of caste among, xn. 781;
ancient literary language of, xxi. 269;
modern language of, XL 840; religion
of, IV. 201; xii. 780; of Bengal, ill.
563; sacred city of (Benares), in. 555.
HINDUSTAN, or India, xii. 731.
HINDUSTANI LANGUAGE, XL 840.
HINDUSTANI LITERATURE, XL 843.
HlNGANGHAT, town, India, XL 850.
HiNG-KlNG, town, Manchuria, xv.
466.
HINLOPEN STRAIT, Spitzbergen, xxn.
408.
HINNOM, Valley of, Jerusalem, xin.
640.
HINNY, variety of mule, xvii. 13.
HlNOJOSA DEL DuQUE, town, Spain, XL
851.
HINRICHS, Hermann F. W., German
philosophical writer, XL 616.
HlNTON, James, English surgeon and
writer, XL 851.
HlOGO, town, Japan, XL 851; Xin. 578;
XVIII. III. '
HlONG-NU, or Hiung-nu, ancient
Turkish race, V. 644; XVIII. 592;
xxill. 659.
HlORLElFSSON, Aaron, Icelandic chief,
xii. 625.
HIOUEN THSANG, or Hwen T'sang
(<2-v.\ Chinese traveller and writer,
xii. 418.
HiP-JoiNT, Muscles of, in man, I. 840;
anchylosis of, xxn. 686.
HIPPARCHUS, Greek astronomer, XL
851; II. 749; xvii. 709; xx. 87; his
application of astronomy to geography,
x. 177; as geographer, xv. 516; xx.9i;
on the motions of the moon, xvi. 799;
Strabo on, xxn. 582.
— of Athens, patron of Anacreon, I.
788; preserver of the Homeric poems,
xii. 116.
HIPPEL, Theodor Gottlieb von, German
humorist, XI. 852.
HIPPIA, epithet of Athena, Greek
goddess, n. 831.
HIPPIAS of Elis, Greek sophist, XXII.
265.
HIPPO, or Hippo Regius, ancient town,
Numidia, III. 76; IV. 32; XVII. 628.
HIPPOCAMPUS, genus of fishes, XL 852;
XXL 579.
HIPPOCRATES, the so-called Father of
Medicine, XI. 852; his knowledge of
anatomy, I. 799; on the four elements,
I. 461; his system of medicine, XV.
800; surgery of, XXIL 674.
HIPPOCRATES, tyrant of Gela, Sicily,
xxn. 814.
HIPPOCRENE, fountain, in Greek mytho
logy, XVIII. 468.
HIPPODAMIA, in Greek mythology,
xvn. 731; xvm. 480.
HIPPODROME, at Olympia, Greece, xvn.
768.
HlPPOGLOSSUS, genus of fishes, xn. 58.
HIPPOLYTUS, of Greek legend, xxin. 294.
, St, martyr, XL 855.
— , ecclesiastical writer, xi. 854; xxi.
127; on Basilides, in. 420; on magic,
XV. 207.
-, Euripides's play, vni. 675.
HIPPONAX of Ephesus, Greek poet, XI.
855; xxi. 318.
HIPPONIUM (Monteleone), ancient town,
Italy, xiv. 779.
HIPPOPOTAMUS, ungulate mammal, xi.
855; xv. 430; xxn. 772; teeth and
tusk of, xin. 523.
HIPPO REGIUS (Bona), ancient town,
Numidia, iv. 32; xvn. 628; seat of
Augustine's bishopric, in. 76.
HlPPOSPONGlA, horse sponge, xxn. 423,
428.
HIPPO ZARYTUS (Bizerta), ancient town,
Africa, xxiii. 620.
HiRA, old kingdom, Arabia, II. 255.
HIRADO, island, Japan, xin. 569.
HIRAM, king of Tyre, xvm. 807.
HIRING, in law, xn. i.
HlRMUS, in Greek hynmody, XII. 580.
HIRNERIUS (Irnerius), Italian jurist,
xin. 277.
HIRPINI, ancient Italian tribes, xxi.
128, 248.
HIRSCHAU, or Hirsau, village, Wiirtem-
berg, Germany, xn. i.
HlRSCHBERG, town, Prussia, XII. i.
HIRTIUS, Aulus, friend of Cassar, xn. 2.
HIRUDO MEDICINALIS, the leech, n. 69,
70; xiv. 400.
HIRUNDINIDVE, family of birds, xxn.
730.
HlRUNDO, genus of birds, XV. 581;
xxn. 730.
HIRZEL, Hans Kaspar, Swiss moralist,
xxn. 798.
HISHAM, Ommayad caliph, xvi. 575.
, I., Ommayad emir of Cordova,
xxn. 310.
II., caliph of Cordova, xv. 500;
xxn. 314.
III., caliph of Cordova, XXIL 315.
B. AL-KALBI, Arab historian, xxin.
2.
HISINGERITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
HiSLOPlTE, mineral, xvi. 397.
HISPANIA, or Spain, xxn. 304; coins of,
xvii. 635.
HISPANIOLA (Hayti, q.v.), island, West
Indies, XL 543; under Columbus, vi.
174.
HiSPANO, Pedro, Portuguese scholar,
XIX. 556.
H I S — H 0 F
211
HISSAR, district and town, India, xn. 2;
xx. 109.
, state, Central Asia, XII. 2.
HISSARLIK, Turkey in Asia, Trojan
remains at, xxm. 581.
HiSTi^US, tyrant of Miletus, XI. 98;
xvill. 570.
HlSTlOPHORUS, genus of fishes, XXII.
804.
HiSTOGENETlC BODIES, in chemistry,
I. 456.
HlSTOIRE ECCLESIASTIQUE, Fleury'.s,
ix. 307.
HISTOLOGY, xn. 4; in. 681; xvi. 840;
in relation to medicine, XV. 795 ; early
contributions to, xxiv. 816; Malpighi's
discoveries in, XV. 338 ; of sponges,
xxn. 418; vegetable, xn. 10.
HiSTONlUM (Vasto), ancient town, Italy,
xxiv. 1 10.
HlSTORIA ANGLICA, by Polydore Virgil,
xxiv. 255.
HISTORIA BRITONUM, Geoffrey of Mon-
mouth's, x. 172 ; Nennius's, xvil. 332.
HISTORI/E, of Tacitus, xxm. 20.
ADVERSUM PAGANOS, of Orosius,
xviii. 50.
HISTORIA ECCLESIASTICA, of Bede,
in. 481; of Orderic, xvn. 821.
HISTORIA MAJOR, of Matthew of Paris,
xv. 634.
HISTORIC DOUBTS RELATIVE TO
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, Whately's
work, xxiv. 529.
HISTORY, xn. 19; by Arab writers,
xxm. i; archaeological, II. 334, 342;
chronological table of principal events
of, v. 720; church, v. 760; its teaching
as to the development of culture, II.
12 1 ; early, v. 711; European, vill.
713; in relation to evolution, vill. 759;
military, xxiv. 345 ; in relation to
numismatics, xvil. 628 ; philosophy of,
xviii. 796; distinguished from pro
phecy, xxiv. 781; Eoman literature
of, xx. 719; Hallam's contributions
to, XI. 393; Herodotus's, xi. 758;
Livy's, xiv. 726; Polybius's, XIX. 412;
Procopius's, XIX. 790; W. Robertson's,
xx. 599; Sallust's, xxi. 219; Scaliger's,
xxi. 363; Tacitus' s, xxm. 20; Thucy-
dides's, xxm. 325; William of Tyre's,
xxiv. 584; Varro's, xxiv. 93; Vico's,
xxiv. 212; Villani's, xxiv. 227; Ville-
hardouin's, xxiv. 229; academies of,
I. 76; historical societies, xxi I. 227.
— OF ENGLAND, Hume's, xn. 349;
Macaulay's, xv. 128; Pauli's,xvm. 433.
— OF EUROPE, Alison's, I. 577.
- OF THE HUMAN RACE, by Abul-
foda, I. 61.
— OF THE JEWISH CHURCH, by
Stanley, xxn. 451.
- OF JOHN BULL, by Arbuthnot, n.
325-
— OF ROME, Arnold's, XX. 807 ;
Niebuhr's, XVII. 492.
HISTORY OF THE UNITED NETHER
LANDS, Motley's, xvn. 3.
OF THE WORLD, by Bar Hebraeus,
xxii. 854.
HISTRIA (Istria), district, Austria, xill.
433-
HlSTRlO-MASTlX, Prynne's work, VII.
434; xx. 25.
HISTRIONIC ART, vn. 396, 391; ix. 209.
HIT, town, Asiatic Turkey, XII. 24; vin.
670; xvi. 48.
HITA, Gines Perez de, Spanish writer,
xx. 659; xxii. 358.
HITCH, seaman's knot, xiv. 128; xxi.
590.
HITCHCOCK, Edward, American geo
logist, xii. 24.
HITCHIN, town, England, xn. 25.
HITEREN, island, Norway, xvil. 576.
HITOPADESA, Hindu fables, in. 666;
vill. 837; xxi. 287.
HITSHIRIKI, Japanese musical instru
ment, xvn. 705.
HITTITE MONUMENTS, of Phrygia,
xviii. 849.
HITTITES, of Scripture, xii. 25; xxii.
822 ; their supposed connexion with
Lydia, XV. 99.
HlTTORFF, Jacques Ignace, French
architect, xii. 27.
HITTORF'S THEORY, in electrolysis,
vui. 113.
HITZIG, Ferdinand, German Biblical
critic, Xii. 27.
HlUNG-NU, ancient Turkish people,
xviii. 592; v. 644; xxm. 659.
HIVAOA, island, Marquesas, Pacific, xv.
564.
HIVES, for bees, in. 499.
HIWEN T'SANG (Hwen T'sang, q.v.\
Chinese traveller, xii. 418.
HiXA, plant, xiv. 348.
HJARNE, Urban, Swedish poet, XXII.
755-
HjELMlTE, mineral, XVI. 427.
HLAING, river, Burmah, xxm. 221.
HLODOWIG (Clovis, q.v.), chief of the
Franks, IX. 528.
(Louis the Pious), emperor, IX. 533.
HLOTEHILD, wife of Clovis, ix. 529.
HLOTHAR (Lothair, q.v.\ emperor, ix.
533; x. 480.
— , or Lothair, king of the Franks, IX.
53°-
HOACTZIN, bird, xn. 28.
HOADLY, Benjamin, bishop of Winches
ter, xn. 29.
HOANG-HO, river, China, v. 630; XVIII.
117; in Tibet, xxm. 339.
HOARE, Sir Richard Cobb, English
antiquary, xn. 29.
HOAR-FROST, xvi. 120.
HOARSTONE, cromlech, Oxfordshire,
England, xvin. 94
HOATZIN, or Hoactzin, bird, XII. 28.
HOBART TOWN (now Hobart), town,
Tasmania, xn. 29; xxm. 73.
HOBBEMA, Meyndert, Dutch painter,
xii. 30; xxi. 439.
HOBBES, Thomas, English philosopher,
xii. 31; on mental association, II. 730;
on economic science, XIX. 358; his
ethics, vill. 596; on evolution, VIII.
758; his influence on Spinoza, XXII.
401; Cumberland's opposition to his
views, VI. 701; his place in English
literature, vin. 422.
HOBBS'S LOCKS, xiv. 747.
HOBBY, bird, ix. 3.
HOBHOUSE, Sir John Cam (Lord
Broughton), English statesman, IV.
381.
HOBOKEN, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.,
xii. 40; xvil. 397.
HOBSON'S BAY, Victoria, Australia,
xv. 835.
HOCHE, Lazare, French general, XII.
40; ix. 606, 608, 610; his expedition
to Ireland, vin. 362; his rivalry with
Napoleon, xvn. 199.
HOCHELAGA, Indian settlement, Mon
treal, Canada, xvi. 795.
HOCHGOLLING, mountain, Styria,
Austria, xxii. 614.
HOCHKIRCHEN, Prussian Silesia, Battle
of (1758), ill. 128.
HOCHKOPF, mountain, Black Forest,
Germany, xxiv. 700.
HOCHST, Prussia, Battle of (1795), in.
130.
Ho-CHU Fu, town, China, xn. 144.
HOCK, wine, xxiv. 602, 610.
HODAIBIYA, Arabia, Treaty of (628),
xvi. 557.
HODGE, Charles, American theologian,
xii. 40; on theology as the science of
religion, xxin. 262.
HODGE-PODGE, in law, XII. 308.
HODGKINSON, Eaton, English engineer,
xii. 41.
HODIERNA, Giovanni Battista, Italian
mathematician, xvin. 191.
HODJENT (Khojend, q.v.\ town, Turke
stan, Xiv. 65.
HODMEZO-VASARHELY, town, Hungary,
xii. 41.
HoDOGRAPH, geometrical construction,
xii. 41; xi. 71; xv. 682.
HODOSER SEE, lake, Transylvania,
xxin. 522.
HODY, Humphrey, English divine, XII.
43-
HOE, agricultural implement, I. 321.
HOEFER, Ferdinand, on alchemy, I.
462.
HOEY (Huy), town, Belgium, xn. 415.
HOF, town, Bavaria, XI I. 43.
HOFER, Andreas, Tyrolese patriot, xn.
44; xvn. 214; xxin. 712.
HOFFMANN, August Heinrich, German
writer, XI I. 44.
, Carl K., on reptiles, XX. 438.
, Charles F., American writer, I,
725.
212
H 0 F — H 0 L
HOFFMANN, Ernst Theodor Wilhelm,
German romancist, xil. 45; X. 542.
, Friedrich, German physician, xil.
46; XV. 812; his contributions to
chemistry, V. 461.
, Johann Joseph, German Chinese
and Japanese scholar, xn. 46.
, Klementina, Polish novelist, xix.
306.
HOFMANN, August Wilhelm, his
investigations on dyestuffs, 1 1. 48.
, Johann Christian Konrad von,
Lutheran theologian, xil. 46; on
speculative theology, xxm. 270.
, Johann Jacob, his Lexicon Univer-
sale, vni. 194.
HOFMANNSWALDAU, Christian Hof-
rnann von, German writer, X. 531.
HOFWYL, Switzerland, Fellenberg's
school at, ix. 67.
HOG, Domestic, xxn. 773; breeding
and management of, I. 400.
, "Wild, of India, Xil. 742; hunting
of, Xil. 396.
HOGARTH, William, English painter
and caricaturist, Xil. 47; v. 104; his
analysis of beauty, I. 222.
HOGG, James, Scottish poet, xil. 50.
, John, on birds, XVIII. 31.
, Thomas Jefferson, friend of P. B.
Shelley, xxi. 790.
HOGGAR (Ahaggar), plateau, Sahara,
Africa, xxi. 149.
HOGGETS, sheep, their management, I.
395-
HOGGING, in ships, xxi. 818.
HOG NUT, xvn. 644.
HOG PACKING TRADE, of Chicago, v.
611.
HOG'S-BEAN, plant, XL 650.
HOGUE, La, France, Battle of (1692),
ix. 579; xxiv. 580.
HOHENELBE, town, Bohemia, xn. 51.
HOHENHEIM, Theophrastus Bombast
von (Paracelsus, q.v.), XVIII. 234.
HOHENLINDEN, Bavaria, Battle of
(1800), in. 132; ix. 613; xvm. 204.
HOHENLOHE, Princes of, xn. 51.
HOHENMAUTH, town, Bohemia, xn. 52.
HOHENSTAUFEN, Dynasty of, Germany,
x. 489, 492; ix. 731.
HOHENSTEIN, town, Saxony, xil. 52.
HOHENZOLLERN, province, Prussia, xx.
14, 16.
, Princes of, xil. 52; xx. 4; Prince
Leopold nominated to Spanish throne,
. IX. 626.
HOHLFLOTE, organ pipe, xvn. 830.
HOHLOH, mountain, Black Forest,
Germany, xxiv. 700.
HOI-HE, people, Turkestan, xxm. 639.
HOIJER, Benjamin, Swedish philosopher,
XXII. 757.
HoiRAN GOL (Egerdir), lake, Asia
Minor, 1 1. 709.
HOIST, lifting apparatus, Xiv. 573;
for blast furnaces, xin. 301.
HojO', Japanese dynasty, XIII. 583.
HOKCHIN (Fuh-Chow), town, China, IX.
812.
HOKMAH, or Chokma (i.e., wisdom), in
Hebrew literature, XL 599; xin. 420.
See also Xin. 702; xix. 879.
HOLBACH, Baron d', French philosopher,
xil. 52; IX. 669; on evolution, Vlll.
760.
HOLBEIN, Hans, the Elder, German
painter, xil. 53.
Hans, the Younger, German
painter, xil. 54; XXL 438; as draughts
man, vii. 449.
HOLBERG, Baron Ludwig, Scandinavian
writer, xn. 56; vii. 90, 444; xvn.
590.
HOLCROFT, Thomas, English dramatist
and writer, xil. 57.
HOLDENBY MANOR HOUSE, North
ampton, England, xvn. 557.
HOLDERLIN, Johann Christian Friedrich,
German poet, xn. 58.
HOLESCHAU, or Holesov, town, Moravia,
Austria, Xil. 58.
HOLIBUT, or Halibut, fish, xn. 58,
692.
HOLINSHED, Eaphael, English chron
icler, xn. 58.
HOLKAR, Indian title, XIL 58, 804, 845;
XV. 290.
HOLLAND, xn. 59; Alva's atrocities in,
I. 648; tinion with Belgium (1815),
in. 527; separation from Belgium
(1830), in. 528; war with France
(1672), IX. 576; annexation of, to
France (1810), XVII. 215; relations
with Spain, xxi I. 328, 332; struggle
with Philip II. of Spain, XVin. 744;
under De Witt, vn. 145; under
Farnese, IX. 37; under Don John of
Austria, xin. 718; under William of
Orange, xxiv. 578; under William
the Silent, xxiv. 582; academy of
sciences, I. 73; army, II. 614; birds,
xvni. 17; canals, IV. 788; church,
vni. 492; Presbyterian Church, xix.
696; coins, xvn. ,656; colonies, VI.
159; colonization of Cape of Good
Hope, v. 44 ; drama, VII. 443 ;
fisheries, IX. 268; Jews in, xin. 686;
libraries, Xiv. 531, 549; national
debt, xvn. 246; navy, xvn. 300;
newspapers, XVII. 430; observatories,
xvn. 715; oyster culture, XVin. 108;
periodical literature, xvni. 542; police
system, XIX. 344; prison system, XIX.
761; railways, xx. 251; Eeformation
in, xx. 336; in Eenaissance period,
xx. 392; settlements in Indian Archi
pelago, xn. 818; trees, IX. 400; weights
and measures, xxiv. 490.
, district, Lincolnshire, England,
xvi. 655.
, North and South, provinces, Hol
land, xn. 98.
, First Lord (Henry Fox), IX. 494.
HOLLAND, Third Lord, English politi
cian and writer, xn. 99.
, Sir Henry, English physician and
writer, xn.
, Philemon, English translator, xn.
99; iv. 734.
— , Sir Richard, early Scottish writer,
XXI. 540.
HOUSE, London, xn. 100.
HOLLANDS, gin, x. 602.
HOLLAR, Wenzel, German etcher, xn.
100.
HOLLES, John, duke of Newcastle, xvn.
380.
, Thomas Pelham, duke of New
castle, English statesman, xvn. 381.
HOLLESCHAU, or Holeschau, town,
Moravia, Austria, XI I. 58.
HOLLINSHED, or Holinshead, Eaphael,
English chronicler, xn. 58.
HOLLY, tree, xn. 101.
HOLLYHOCK, hardy garden plant, xn.
102, 256.
HOLMAN, James, the Blind Traveller,
Xil. 103.
HOLMBURY HILL, Surrey, England,
XXII. 693.
HOLME, Thomas, colonial surveyor of
Philadelphia, xvni. 740.
HOLMES, Oliver Wendell, American
author, I. 727, 728.
HoLMIUM, Spectrum of, xxn. 377.
HOLNEK, mountain, South Africa,
XXin. 517.
HOLOCEPHALA, suborder of fishes, XII.
686.
HOLOCHEILUS, genus of rodent mam
mals, xvn. 6.
HOLOCHLAMYDA, suborder of Mollusca,
xvi. 648.
HOLOFERNES, slain by Judith, xin.
765; perhaps the Orofernes of history,
xvni. 580.
HOLOPHOTAL ILLUMINATION, of light
houses, xiv. 621.
HOLOSTOMID.^, family of trematode
worms, xxm. 539.
HOLOTHURIDEA, order of Echinoder-
mata, vn. 639.
HOLOTRICHA, order of Protozoa, xix.
863.
HOLSTEIN, duchy, Germany, xxi. 415;
its relations with Denmark, vn. 88.
, Schleswig-, province, Prussia, XXI.
414.
HOLSTENBORG, district, Greenland, XL
170.
HOLT, Sir John, English lord chief-
justice, XIL 103.
HOLTSTATEN, or Holstein (q.v.\ XXI.
415.
HOLTY, Ludwig Heinrich Christoph,
German poet, Xil. 104.
HOLTZENDORFF, Ernst K. H., German
surgeon, xxn. 677.
HOLTZMANN, Adolf, on the Nibelungen-
lied, xvn. 476.
H 0 L — H O 0
213
HOLTZMANN, Heinrich J., on Josephus
and the Acts of the Apostles, I.
126.
HOLUMO (Gharma), country, Central
Asia, xiv. 4.
HOLY ALLIANCE (1815), in. 135; ix.
619.
HOLY BROTHERHOOD, Spanish con
federation, xxn. 326.
HOLY COMMUNION, vni. 651. See
Communion.
HOLY CROSS, mountain, Colorado,
United States, vi. 161; xxin. 796.
HOLY GRAIL, The, in mediaeval legend,
XL 34; xx. 645; xxiv. 632; inChres-
tien de Troyes's poem, v. 687.
HOLYHEAD, town, Wales, xn. 104.
HOLY HOUSE, cathedral of Loreto,
Italy, xv. 4.
HOLY ISLAND, Northumberland, Eng
land, xn. 105; xvn. 565.
HOLY JUNTA, of Avila, xxn. 328.
HOLY LANCE, Discovery of the, vi.
626.
HOLY LAND, The, xvni. 170.
HOLY MAID, of Kent, in. 404.
HOLY OFFICE, name for the Inquisition,
xm. 91.
HOLYOKE, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
xn. 105.
HOLY PLACES, Pilgrimages to, xix.
93-
HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, vni. 181; x.
484 ; xx. 787 ; popedom at creation
of, xix. 496.
HOLYROOD PALACE, Edinburgh, vn.
663.
HOLY SEPULCHRE, Jerusalem, xxi.
670; pilgrimages to, xix. 94.
HOLY STATE, Fuller's work, ix. 816.
HOLY VIRGINS, companions of St
Ursula, xxiv. 13.
HOLY WAR, Bunyan's work, iv. 529.
HOLY WAR, Fuller's work, ix. 814.
HOLY WATER, in Roman Catholic ritual,
XIL 105.
HOLY WEEK, in ecclesiastical calendar,
xn. 106.
HOLYWELL, town, Wales, xn. 106; ix.
327-
HOLYWOOD, John (Sacro Bosco), Scottish
mathematician and astronomer, xxi.
140, 543-
HOLZMINDEN, town, Germany, XII.
106.
HOMAGE, in feudal times, xn. 107;
salutations as signs of, xxi. 236.
HOMALOPSID/E, family of snakes, XXII.
192.
HOMAXONIA, term in morphology, xvi.
844.
HOMBERG, Wilhelm, Dutch natural
philosopher, Xil. 107.
HOMBURG, town, Germany, XII. 107;
mineral water of, xvi. 434.
, Hesse-, landgraviate, Germany, XI.
781.
HOME, David D., American spiritualist,
xxn. 405.
-, Henry (Lord Kames), Scottish
judge and philosopher, xm. 833.
— , John, Scottish dramatic poet, XII.
107.
HOMEL, town, Russia, xil. 108.
HOMER, Greek poet, xn. 108; language
of, XI. 134; his place in Greek liter
ature, XI. 137; his place in epic
poetry, XIX. 267; references to Phoe
nicia in, xvni. 805; question of the
site of his Troy, XXIII. 582; recension
of, by Aristarchus, II. 504; Chapman's
translations of, V. 396; French transla
tions, vi. 759; Pope's translation,
XIX. 485.
HoMERiDyE, poets of Chios, xn. no;
xxi. 466.
HOME RULE, in Ireland, xm. 272.
HOMESTEAD, Law relating to, in
United States, XII. 122; XX. 308; in
Iceland, xn. 620.
HOMESTEADS, Erection of, i. 308.
HOMEYER, Karl Gustav, German his
torical writer, xn. 124.
HOMICIDE, in law, xn. 124; xv. 780;
xvn. 52.
HOMILDON HILL, England, Battle of
(1402), xviii. 523.
HOMILIARIUM, book of homilies, xil.
125.
HOMILIES, Books of, xn. 125; in Church
of England, vill. 379.
HOMILITE, mineral, XVI. 409.
HOMILY, xn. 125.
HOMINID^E, zoological group containing
man alone, XV. 444.
HOMOCCELA, order of sponges, xxii.
422.
HOMODERMA, genus of sponges, xxn.
4i3-
HOMCEOPATHY, system of medicine, XII.
126; xv. 814; Hahnemann's relations
to, XL 373.
HOMOGENEOUSNESS, in matter, defined,
VII. 804.
HOMOLOGOUMENA, universally acknow
ledged books of Scripture, n. 128.
HOMOLOGY, in biology, xvi. 839; dis
tinguished from analogy, xxiv. 807.
HOMOOUSION, Doctrine of the, II. 830.
HOMOPLASY, in biology, XXIV. 808; of
sponges, XXII. 426.
HOMOPTERA (Hemiptera), suborder of
insects, XI. 646; XIII. 153.
HOMO-PYROCATECHINE, product of
wood distillation, xxin. 57.
HOMOQUININE, in chemistry, XX. 185.
HOMOTAXIS, identity of order of types,
in geology, x. 322.
HOMPESCH, Ferdinand, grand-master,
Knights of St John, xxi. 175.
HOMRA, plateau, Sahara, Africa, xxi.
149.
HOMS, or Hems, town, Syria, XI. 649.
HON, Egyptian measure, xxiv. 485.
HONAIN IBN ISHAK, Syrian physician,
xxn. 847.
HON AN, island, at Canton, China, v.
37-
Ho-NAN, province, China, v. 634.
Foo, town, China, v. 634.
HONDA, town, Colombia, South America,
XLI. 129.
HONDECOETER, Melchior d', Dutch
painter, xn. 129.
HONDURAS, republic, Central America,
XII. 129; antiquities of, I. 693.
-, British, xil. 132.
HONE, whetstone, xn. 134.
, William, English satirist and
antiquary, xn. 135.
HONECOURT, Wilars de, French in
ventor, XVIII. 554.
HONEY, xn. 136; in. 502; loevulose in,
xxn. 624; of Hymettus, XI. 88.
HONEY-BADGER, carnivorous mammal,
v v o QQ
AA. 2oo.
HONEY BEAR, carnivorous mammal, in.
462.
HONEY-COMB, in. 489.
HONEY-EATER, bird, xn. 139.
HONEY-GUIDE, bird, xn. 139.
HONEY-SUCKER, or Honey-Eater, bird,
xn. 139.
HONEYSUCKLE, plant, xn. 140.
HONFLEUR, town, France, xn. 140.
HONG-KiANG, river, Cochin China, VI.
93-
HONG-KONG, island and town, China,
xn. 141; observatory at, xvn. 716.
HONG MERCHANTS, Canton, v. 38.
HONITON, town, England, xil. 142.
HONOLULU, town, Hawaiian Islands,
XL 531.
HONORARIUM, Jus, in Roman law, XX.
695.
HONORATUS, St, of Lerins, XXI. 238.
HONORIFIC SACRIFICES, xxi. 132.
HONORIUS I., pope, xn. 143; on Mono-
th elitism, XVI. 758.
- II., pope, xn. 143; xx. 791.
— II., antipope, xn. 143, xix. 498.
— III., pope, xn. 143; xin. 474; XX.
795-
IV., pope, xn. 143.
, Flavius Augustus, emperor of the
West, xn. 143; xx. 779; his relations
with Alaric, I. 442.
HONOUR, Order of the Legion of, xiv.
417.
, Titles of, XXIII. 417.
HONOURABLE, title, xxin. 418.
HONTHEIM, Johann Nikolaus von,
opponent of Ultramontanism, xn.
143; his treatise Febronius, xix. 507.
HONTHORST, Gerard van, Dutch
painter, XII. 143.
HONVED, Hungarian army of defence,
xil. 374.
HOOBLY (Hubli), town, India, xn. 328.
HOOCH, Pieter de, Dutch painter, xn.
144.
214
H 0 0 — H 0 R
Hoo-Cnow Foo, town, China, xn. 144.
HOOD, in academic costume, vi. 464.
— , Viscount, English admiral, XII.
146.
— , John Bell, American general,
xxiii. 779, 789.
— , Thomas, English humorist and
poet, xii. 145.
— , Tom, English humorist and poet,
xii. 146.
, Mount, Cascade Mountains, U.S. A.,
xvii. 822; xxiii. 800.
HOODED CROWS, of Europe and India,
vi. 6 1 8.
HOODED SNAKE, or Cobra, vi. 90.
HOOD-MOULD, in architecture, II. 466.
HOOFS, of mammals, xv. 348; of the
horse, xii. 178, 195.
HOOFT, Pieter Cornelissen, Dutch poet
and historian, xii. 146, 93.
HOOGEVEEN, village, Netherlands, xii.
147.
HOOGE VELD, district of Transvaal,
South Africa, XXIII. 518.
HOOGHE, Eomain de, Dutch caricaturist,
v. 104.
HOOGHLY, or Hugli, district, India, XII.
147; town, xii. 148.
, river, India, xn. 147.
HOOGSTRATEN, Samuel Dirksz van,
Dutch painter, xii. 148.
HOOK, Fishing, n. 33, 38.
, Reaping, xxi. 574.
, Theodore Edward, English novelist
and dramatist, xii. 148.
, Walter Farquhar, dean of West
minster, XII. 149.
HOOKAH, tobacco pipe, xix. in.
HOOKE, Robert, English man of science,
xii. 149; his theories of the composi
tion of air, v. 461; on attraction, in.
64; on the laws of magnetism, xv.
236; his sextant, XXL 724; his law of
strains, xxil. 595; law of tension and
force, vii. 803; his controversy \vith
Newton, xvn. 442.
HOOKER, Joseph, American general,
xii. 150; xxiii. 777.
, Mrs, her process of encaustic
painting, vm. 187.
— , Richard, English ecclesiastical
writer, xii. 150; VIII. 421.
— , Thomas, New England Puritan,
xn. 726.
Sir William Jackson, English
botanist, xn. 152.
HOOKS AND CODS, Dutch political
parties, xn. 72.
HOOLE, John, English translator and
dramatist, xn. 153.
HOO-NAN, province, China, v. 637.
HOOPER, John, English bishop and
martyr, XII. 153.
HOO-PIH, province, China, v. 637.
HOOPING-COUGH, XII. 154.
HOOPOE, bird, xn. 154; xiv. 315.
HOORN, town, Holland, xn. 155.
HOOSACTUNNEL, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
xv. 613.
HOP, plant, XII. 156; culture of, I. 381;
iv. 272; mildew of, xvi. 294; use of
hops in brewing, iv. 272.
HOPE, in phrenology, xvin. 845.
— , Thomas, English writer and
antiquary, xn. 158.
HOPEITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
HOPETOUN HOUSE, Linlithgow, Scot
land, xiv. 670.
HOPKEN, Anders Johan von, Swedish
rhetorician, xxn. 755.
HOPKINS, river, Victoria, Australia,
xxiv. 216.
, Ezekiel, bishop of Londonderry,
xn. 158.
-, John, his psalms and hymns, xn.
589.
, Samuel, American theologian, xn.
158.
HOPKINSON, Francis, American satirist,
xn. 159; i. 722.
-, Joseph, American poet, I. 722.
HOPLONEMERTEA, suborder of nemer-
tine worms, xvn. 326, 330.
HOPLOPHORIDjE, family of fossil
edentate mammals, xv. 388.
HOP-MlLDEW, XVI. 294.
HOPOTERODONTES, suborder of snakes,
xxn. 192.
HOPPNER, John, English portrait
painter, xn. 159.
HOR, district, Tibet, XXIII. 341.
-, Mount, of Scripture, xn. 159.
HORACE, Latin poet, xn. 159; repre
sentative of the Augustan age, in. 82;
as satirist, XXI. 318; his language and
style, xiv. 334; his place in Roman
literature, XX. 723.
HORATII, three brothers, champions of
Rome, xn. 1 66.
HORATIUS, or Horace (q.v.), (Quintus
Horatius Flaccus), Latin poet, xii. 159.
HORBACHITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
HORDE, town, Prussia, xn. 166.
HORDES, ethnological groups, vm. 619.
HOREB, Mount, Arabia, xxn. 88; Xin.
396; Elijah on, vm. 135.
HOREHOUND, plant, xii. 1 66, 289.
HORGEN, town, Switzerland, xn. 166.
HORIM, Idumean cave-dwellers, xn.
699; xxni. 583.
HORITZ, town, Bohemia, xn. 167.
HORIZON, Artificial, its use in navi
gation, xvii. 273.
HORMAYR, Joseph, Baron von, German
statesman and historian, xn. 167.
HORMIGAS, islets, Peru, xvin. 671.
HORMISDAS, Pope, xn. 167.
HORMIZD I., king of Persia, xvin. 608.
II., of Persia, xvi 1 1. 609.
- IV., of Persia, xvin. 613.
HORMUZ(Ormus),town, Persia, xvn. 856.
HORN, HORNS, xii. 167; of animals,
xv. 348, 431; xxn. 108; use of, for
comb-making, VI. 178.
HORN, musical instrument, xn. 67;
xxni. 592.
— , Cape, South America, xxni. 383;
rounded by Le Maire and Schouten,
x. 1 86.
AND RlMENHILD, Stories of, XX.
657.
HORNBEAM, tree, xn. 168; culture of,
11. 317.
HORNBILL, bird, xn. 169.
HORNBLENDE, mineral, x. 228; xv.
217; xvi. 417.
HORNBLENDE-ANDESITE, mineral, x.
235-
HORNBLOWER, Jonathan, improver of
steam-engine, xxil. 477; xxiv. 414.
HORN-BOOK, xn. 170.
HORNCASTLE, town, England, xn. 170.
HORNE, George, bishop of Norwich, xn.
171; opponent of Adam Snyith, xxn.
170.
— , Thomas Hartwell, English Biblical
writer, xn. 171.
HORNED POUT, fish, xxn. 68.
HORNELLSVILLE, town, New York,
U.S.A., xn. 171.
HORNEMANN, Friedrich K., traveller in
Africa, I. 246.
HORNER, Francis, English political
economist, xn. 171.
, W. G., his method of solving equa
tions, I. 516; vin. 500.
HORNESITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
HORNET, insect, xxiv. 392.
HORNISGRINDE, mountain, Black
Forest, Germany, xxiv. 700.
HORNLI, mountain, Switzerland, xxni.
33°-
HORNPIE, bird, xiv. 308.
HORNPIPE, dance and tune, xn. 171.
HORN SILVER, xxn. 69.
HORNSILVER MINE, Utah, U.S.A.,
xxni. 815.
HORNSTONE, mineral, xvi. 389, 419.
HORN WORK, in fortification, IX. 439.
HOROLOGIUM OF ANDRONICUS, monu
ment, Athens, in. 8.
HOROPTER, in optics, vin. 826; xxn.
538.
HOROSCOPE, Magician's, xv. 206.
HORROCKS, or Horrox, Jeremiah,
English astronomer, xii. 172; his
observation of the transit of Venus, n.
754-
HORSA, Invasion of England by, vin.
269.
HORSE, XII. 172; XV. 429; breeding
and rearing of, I. 384; pairing with
ass, xvn. 13; diseases of, xxiv. 201,
204 ; hair of, for manufacture, XL
376; hides of, for tanning, xiv. 380,
386; of Arabia, II. 240; in Austria-
Hungary, in. 119; of Bhutan, India,
in. 632; Clydesdales, xiv. 251; Per
sian, xvin. 625; wild, of Turkestan,
xxni. 635, 638; yabu of Afghanistan,
I- 233-
H 0 R — H 0 W
215
HORSE ARTILLERY, n. 662, 667.
HORSE-CHESTNUT tree, xn. 205; cul
ture of, n. 319.
HORSE-CHESTNUT OIL, xvn. 744.
HORSE-GREASE, as source of vaccine
matter, xxiv. 24.
HORSE GUARDS, Government office,
London, xiv. 839.
HORSE LATITUDES, The, in the North
Atlantic, xvi. 144.
HORSE-LEECH, xiv. 404.
HORSE-MACKEREL, fish, xn. 206.
HORSEMANSHIP, xn. 195.
HORSENS, town, Denmark, XII. 206.
HORSE OIL, xvn. 744.
HORSE-POWER, engineers' unit of
energy, XII. 207; XV. 715; in mecha
nics, XV. 772, 773; of steam-engines,
xxii. 476, 491.
HORSE-Pox, xxiv. 204.
HORSE-RACING, xn. 199; book-making
at, ill. 618; at Doncaster, VII. 361;
the Derby and Oaks, at Epsom, vill.
496; at Newmarket, xvn. 399.
HORSERADISH, plant, xn. 207, 283.
HORSE SHOES, Making of, xxi. 831;
nails for, xvn. 166.
HORSE-STINGER, dragon-fly, vn. 385.
HORSETAIL, plant, xn. 207; xxi. 62;
stem of, iv. 1 06.
HORSFORD, his measurement of electro
lytic resistance, vni. 48.
HORSHAM, town, England, xil. 208;
xxii. 724.
HORSLEY, John, English antiquary, xil.
208.
, Samuel, English bishop and con
troversialist, Xil. 209; his contention
with the Royal Society, xxi. 39.
, William, English musical com
poser, XIL 209.
HORTA, Villa cle, town, Azores, ill. 172.
HORTEN, town, Norway, xn. 209.
HORTENSE, mother of Napoleon III.,
emperor of the French, xn. 209;
xvii. 226.
HORTENSIAN LAW, of Rome, xx. 738.
HORTENSIUS, Quintus, Roman orator,
XII. 210.
HORTICULTURE, Science and practice
of, xil. 211 (index, 295); societies for
promotion of, xxii. 225.
HORTULUS, Walafrid's poem, xxiv. 320.
HORTUS KEWENSIS, Alton's catalogue,
I. 431.
HORTUS SlCCUS, or Herbarium, XL 715.
HORUS, Egyptian divinity, vn. 717.
HORVATH, Andreas, Hungarian poet,
XIL 377.
Hos, people, India, xxn. 94.
HOSAIN B. ALI, Husein, or Hoseyn,
Moslem leader, xvi. 567, 568; II. 258;
tomb of, at Kerbela, Asiatic Turkey,
xiv. 48; hero of passion play, XL 508;
xviii. 660.
HOSEA, Old Testament prophet, xn.
295; xin. 411.
HOSEMANN, Andreas (Osiander), German
Reformer, xvin. 55.
HOSHANGABAD, district and town, India,
xil. 298.
HOSIERY, xn. 299; factories in England,
VIIL 233.
HOSIUS, bishop of Cordova, xil. 300.
HOSKYN, Chandos Wren, History of
Agriculture by, I. 291.
HOSPITAL, HOSPITALS, xn. 301 ; of
British army, II. 583; foundling, IX.
481; seamen's, XXI. 607; in England,
VIIL 253; at Paris, xvin. 282.
AMBULANCES, i. 665.
HOSPITALISM, in surgery, xxn. 678.
HOSPITALITY, among the Greeks, xn.
3°7-
HOSPITALLERS, Knights, Order of, xxi.
173, 174; xvi. 709; their rivalry with
the Templars, xxin. 163.
HOSPITIUM, Greek institution, xn.
3°7-
HOSPODARS, rulers of Walachia, xxi.
1 8.
HOSTE, island, Tierra del Fuego, xxin.
384-
HosTE-PlAR, mountain, Russia, xxiv.
282.
HOSTIA, Roman courtezan, XIX. 812.
HOT-AIR FURNACE, ix. 846.
HOT-BLAST STOVE, xin. 302.
HOTCHKISS GUN, XL 285.
HOTCH-POT, in law, xn. 308.
H6TEL DES INVALIDES, Paris, xvin.
283, 292.
HOTEL DE VILLE, in architecture, n.
466.
H6TEL DIEU, in architecture, II. 466.
HOTELS, Law relating to, xin. 81.
HOTHAM, suburb of Melbourne, Victoria,
xv. 8, 366.
HOTHO, Heinrich Gustav, German art
critic, xn. 308.
HOTHOUSE, for plants, xn. 221.
HOT MAN, Francois, French publicist,
xn. 308.
HOT-SPRINGS, town, Arkansas, U.S.A.,
xn. 309; xvi. 436.
HOTSPUR (Henry Percy), English war
rior, xvin. 523.
HOTTENTOTS, South- African race, xn.
309; I. 264; v. 45, 47; language of,
xvin. 779; myths of, XVII. 147; re
ligion of, xx. 362.
HOTTINGER, Johann Heinrich, Swiss
theologian and philologist, xn. 313.
H OTTOMAN, or Hotman, Frangois,
French publicist, Xil. 308.
HOT WAVES, of air, in United States,
xxin. 805.
HOUAHOUNA, island, Marquesas, Pacific,
xv. 564.
HOUBRAKEN, Jacobus, Dutch engraver,
xn. 314.
HOUDAN FOWLS, xix. 645.
HOUDIN, J. E. Robert, French conjurer,
xiv. 415; xv. 209.
HOUDON, Jean Antoine, French sculptor,
xn. 314; xxi. 563.
HOUGHTON, John, his work on Hus
bandry and Trade, I. 299.
HOUND, dog, xn. 314; vn. 328.
-, fish, xxi. 774.
HOUNSLOW, town, England, xn. 316;
military school of music at, n. 586.
HEATH, England, xn. 316.
HOUR-ANGLE, in tides, xxin. 357,
367-
HOURS OF IDLENESS, Byron's work, iv.
605.
HOUSA, or Houssa, people, Africa, xn.
318; I. 271.
HOUSATONIC, river, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., xv. 611.
HOUSE, Building of, IV. 447; architec
ture of, n. 392, 413, 419, 449, 453 ;
xx. 828; sanitation of, xn. 567; early
Irish, xin. 256.
, Royal E., American telegraphist,
xxin. 113.
HOUSEBREAKING, IV. 534.
HOUSE-FLY, insect, xn. 317; proboscis
of, xxin. 478.
HOUSEHOLD, Royal, of England, xxi.
35-
HOUSELEEK, plant, xn. 317, 252.
HOUSE OF COMMONS, England, vin.
260; xvin. 311.
HOUSE OF LORDS, England, vin. 259;
xvin. 310, 461 ; as court of appeal,
n. 209.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, United
States, xxin. 749.
HOUSE-PAINTING, iv. 510; xvn. 39.
HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, at London,
xiv. 839.
HOUSSA, people, Africa, xn. 318 ; I.
271.
HOUSSAYE, Abraham N. Amelot de la,
French historian, I. 668.
HOUSTON, town, Texas, U.S.A., xn. 318;
xxin. 205.
, Samuel, American general and
statesman, xn. 318.
HOUTOU, bird, XVII. 3.
HOUWAERT, Jean Baptista, Flemish
poet, xn. 319, 92.
HOVAKS, tribe, Moravia, XVI. Sir.
HOVAS, people of Madagascar, xv. 171,
324-
HOVEDON, Roger of, English chronicler,
Xil. 319.
HOWARD, Lord, of Effingham, high
admiral of England, 1 1. 544.
, Catherine, wife of Henry VIIL,
VIII. 337; XI. 665.
, Frederick, fifth earl of Carlisle, v.
I 10.
— , George W. F., seventh earl of
Carlisle, v. no.
-, Henry, earl of Northampton, XVII.
558.
, Henry, earl of Surrey, English
poet, xxii. 694.
216
H 0 W — H U L
HOWARD, John, English philanthropist,
xn. 319; on prison discipline, xix.
747-
, Messrs, agricultural implement
makers, England, I. 318.
, Sir R., English dramatist, VII.
435-
HOWE, low ground, in Scotland, xxi
524.
, Earl, English admiral, XII. 323;
XXlll. 743.
, Elias, inventor of sewing machine,
xxi. 718.
, John, English Puritan divine, xn.
322.
, Sir William, British general in
America, xxin. 742, 743.
HOWELL, James, English writer and
politican, xn. 324.
HOWITT, Mary, English writer, XII. 324.
, William, English writer, XII. 324.
HOWITZER, gun, xi. 306, 310.
HOWLEGLAS (Eulenspiegel), chap-book,
vm. 664.
HOWLET, bird, xvm. 88.
HOWLING DERVISHES, vn. 114; xxn.
663.
HOWMAN, John (John de Feckenham),
English ecclesiastic, IX. 61.
How RAH, town, India, xn. 325.
HOWTH, Hill of, Ireland, vn. 494.
HOXTER, town, Prussia, xn. 325.
Hov, island, Orkney, Scotland, xvn.
846.
HOYLE, Edmund, English writer on
games, XII. 326.
HOZIER, Pierre d', French genealogist
and journalist, xvn. 424.
HRABANUS MAURUS MAGNENTIUS,
archbishop of Mainz, xn. 326; xx'l.
420; his encyclopaedia, vm. 191;
school of, x. 522.
HRADSCHIN, part of Prague, Bohemia,
xix. 658.
HRODEERT (Rupert), St, of Bavaria,
xxi. 61.
HROLF (Duke Robert), Norman leader,
xx. 627; ix. 535; xvii. 540.
HROSVITHA, mediaeval authoress, xn.
326; vii. 412.
HUACAS, ruined structures in Peru, II.
452.
HUACO (Guaco), plant, xi. 227.
HUAHINE, island, Tahiti Archipelago,
XXIII. 22.
HUALCAN, mountain, Peru, xvin. 672.
HUALLAGA, river, Peru, xvm. 673.
HUANACO (Guanaco), ungulate mammal,
xiv. 739.
HUANCAS, Peruvian nation, xvm. 676.
HUANCAVELICA, town, Peru, xn. 327 ;
xvm. 675.
HUANDOY, mountain, Peru, xvm. 672.
HUANUCO, town, Peru, XII. 327; xvm.
675-
HUARAZ, town, Peru, xn. 327; xvm.
675.
HUASCAN, mountain, Peru, xvm. 672.
HUAURA, islets, Peru, xvm. 671.
HUAYLAS, Callejon de, ravine, Peru,
xvm. 672.
HUAYNA CCAPAC, the Great Ynca, Peru,
xvm. 677.
HUAYNAPUTINA, volcano, Peru, xvm.
672.
HUBALDUS (Hucbald, q.v.), mediaeval
musician, xn. 329.
HUBER, Frangois, Swiss naturalist, xn.
327; on bees, III. 486, 491, 493, 497.
, Jean, Swiss writer, XII. 327.
, Johann, German theologian and
philosopher, XII 328.
-, Marie, Swiss writer, XII. 327.
, Pierre, Swiss naturalist, XII. 328;
on ants, n. 94.
HUBERT, St, bishop of Liege, xn. 328.
HUBERTSBURG, Saxony, Peace of (1763),
IX. 591.
HUBLI, town, India, xn. 328.
HUBNER, Johann, his dictionaries, vm.
195.
HUBNERITE, mineral, xvi. 403.
Hue, Evariste Regis, French missionary
and traveller, xn. 328; in Tibet, xiv.
503; xxin. 338.
HUCBALD, mediaeval musical composer,
xii. 329; on musical scales, xvn. 80.
HUCHTENBURG, Jacob and John van,
Dutch painters, xn. 329.
HUCKNALL-TORKARD, town, England,
xvn. 598.
HUDDERSFIELD, town, England, xn.
330; population, xxiv. 748.
HUDIBRAS, Samuel Butler's poem, iv.
589; vm. 424.
HUDSON, town, New York, U.S.A., xn.
331-
, mineral spring, New Mexico,
U.S.A., xvn. 400.
— , George, English railway promoter,
xn. 332.
— , Henry, English navigator and
explorer, xn. 332; xvn. 454; xxin.
730; his Arctic explorations, xix. 317.
-, JefFery, English dwarf, VII. 568.
HUDSONITE, mineral, xvi. 416.
HUDSON RIVER, United States, xn.
331; xvn. 451; xxin. 761, 792;
tunnel under, at New York, XVI I.
465; xxin. 623.
HUDSON'S BAY, Whale fishery of, xxiv.
527.
HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY, xn. 333; x.
190; xix. 318; xxi. 827.
HUE, town, Anam, Asia, xn. 333; vi.
96.
HUELVA, province, Spain, xn. 334;
xxn. 298; town, xn. 334.
HUEN, Denmark, Tycho Brahe's obser
vatory at, xvn. 709.
HUERTAS, irrigated plains, Spain, xxn.
299.
HUESCA, province, Spain, xn. 334;
xxn. 298.
HUESCA, town, Spain, xn. 334; univer
sity of, xxin. 839.
HUESCAR, town, Spain, xn. 335.
HUET, Pierre Daniel, French bishop
and scholar, xn. 335; his Huetiana,
I. 785.
HUFELAND, Christoph Wilhelm, Ger
man physician, XII. 335.
— , Gottlieb, German jurist, xn. 336.
HUG, Johann Leonhard, Swiss theo
logian and Biblical critic, xn. 336.
HUGBALDUS (Hucbald), medkeval
musician, xn. 329; xvn. So.
HUGGENS COLLEGE, Northfleet, Eng
land, xvn. 563.
HUGGINS, W., his observatory near
London, xvn. 711.
HUGH, St, of Avalon, bishop of Lincoln,
xn. 336.
— , the Great, duke of France, IX. 536;
x. 483; xvn. 541.
— , count of Vermandois, crusader,
vi. 624.
— of Paris, scholastic theologian,
xn. 337-
of St Cher, French cardinal and
scholar, xn. 337.
of St Victor, scholastic theologian,
xn. 337; xvii. 132; xxi. 425.
CAPET, king of France, ix. 536.
HUGHENDEN, district, Queensland, xx.
172.
HUGHES, David Edwin, his type-print
ing telegraph, xxin. 120; his micro
phone, xxin. 129, 132.
HUGH TOWN, Scilly Isles, England,
xxi. 465.
HUGLI (Hooghly), river, district, and
town, India, xn. 147.
HUGO, or Hugh, count of Provence,
xix. 877; xx. 787.
of St Victor, scholastic theologian,
xn. 337; xvn. 132; xxi. 425.
-, Victor, French poet, ix. 676.
HUGOLIN, Cardinal, his rule of Francis
can nuns, ix. 699.
HUGUBERT (Hubert), St, bishop of
Liege, XII. 328.
HUGUENOTS, French Protestants, xn.
337; ix. 559, 560; in the Cevennes,
iv. 743; under Henry IV., XL 671;
organization of, at La Rochelle, ix.
567 ; in relation to Presbyterianism,
Xix. 693.
, Les, Meyerbeer's opera, xvi. 222.
Hui NEILL, dynasty of Irish kings, xin.
250.
HuiSNE, river, France, xvin. i.
HUITZILOPOCHTLI, war-god of Aztecs,
xvi. 21 1 ; xvn. 150; temple of, at
Mexico, xvi. 221.
HuLAGU, Mongol prince, xvi. 588, 742.
HULEH, lake, Palestine, xin. 746.
HULKS, The, for convicts, XIX. 751.
HULL, town, England, xn. 340; xiv. 90;
population and representation, xxiv.
748; fisheries, IX. 249.
H U L— H U R
217
HULL, town, Quebec, Canada, xx. 167.
, Isaac, American naval officer,
xxni. 789.
HULNE ABBEY, Northumberland, Eng
land, I. 21 ; xvil. 568.
HULS, town, Prussia, XII. 342.
HULSE, John, English divine, XII. 342.
HULSEAN LECTURESHIP, Cambridge
university, England, xn. 342.
HULVER, or Holly, tree, XII. 101.
HUMAITA, town, Paraguay, xvm. 244.
HUMAN BODY, Anatomy of the, I. 819.
HUMANISM, Petrarch as founder of,
XVlll. 709; in relation to the Renais
sance, xx. 381, 384, 391.
HUMANITARIANISM, VIII. 720; of
Leroux, xiv. 471.
HUMANITY, Comte's religion of, VI. 237.
HUMAN NATURE, Butler's Sermons on,
IV. 587; Hume's Treatise of, xn. 351.
HUMAN-POWER, in mechanics, xv. 772.
HUMAN SACRIFICES, xxi. 136; in
Dahomey, vi. 767; in India, ill. 564;
Phoenician, xvm. 803; in Polynesia,
Xix. 426.
HUMAN UNDERSTANDING, Hume on
the, XII. 348; Locke on, vill. 425;
xiv. 756, 757.
HUMAYUN MAUSOLEUM, Delhi, India,
vii. 47.
HUMBER, river, England, vm. 216;
xiv. 654; xxiv. 747.
, river, Newfoundland, XVIl. 382.
HUMBERT I. -I II., princes of Savoy, XXI.
339-
HUMBLE-BEE, insect, xn. 342.
HUMBOLDT, F. H. Alexander, Baron
von, German naturalist and traveller,
XII. 343; his explorations in South
America, x. 192.
, Karl Wilhelm von, German states
man and writer, XII. 346.
, mountain ranges, U.S.A., XXIII.
798.
, river and lake, Nevada, U.S.A.,
XVIL 367.
HUMBOLDTILITE, mineral, XVI. 412.
HUME, David, Scottish philosopher and
historian, xn. 346; on mental asso
ciation, II. 730; as economist, Xix.
364; his ethics, vm. 602; on evolu
tion, vm. 760; his logic, xiv. 793;
his metaphysics, XVI. 97; his view of
psychology, xx. 38; his relations with
Principal Robertson, xx. 600; with
Rousseau, xxi. 26; with Adam Smith,
xxii. 170; on scepticism, xxi. 381,
383; his relation to theism, xxm. 246;
his place in English literature, vm.
431, 432; Kant's criticism of his philo
sophy, XIII. 848; Reid's criticism, xx.
351-
, Joseph, English political reformer,
xn. 355.
HUMEERPOOR, district and town, India,
XI. 423.
HUMERUS, Anatomy of the, I. 827.
HUMERUS, Lars Johansson, Swedish
poet, xii. 356.
HUMIDITY, of the atmosphere, ill. 33;
xvi. 119; measure of, xn. 569.
HUMILIATI, religious order, xn. 356.
HUMITE, mineral, xvi. 410.
HUMMEL, Johann Nepomuk, Hungarian
musical composer, xn. 356.
HUMMING-BIRD, XII. 357; III. 745.
HUMMUNS, baths, in England, ill. 437.
HUMPHREY, Miss, Gillray's printseller,
x. 600.
- CLINKER, by Smollett, xxii. 185.
HUMS (Hems), town, Syria, XL 649.
HUMULUS, genus of plants, xn. 156.
HUMUS, as manure, xv. 509.
HUNDRED, territorial division, England,
xii. 360; vi. 513; vm. 273.
DAYS, The (1815), ix. 618; xvn.
223.
HUNDRED-HANDERS, of ancient legend,
xxi. 321.
HUNDRED PLAYS, of the Yuen dynasty,
China, v. 666.
HUNDRED YEARS 'WAR, between France
and England, IX. 545.
HUNEA, island, New Caledonia, xvn.
376.
HUNERIC, Vandal king, XXIV. 58.
HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE, xn. 374;
xvm. 779; XXIV. 2; dictionaries of,
vii. 188.
HUNGARIAN LEATHER, xiv. 389.
HUNGARIAN LITERATURE, xii. 375.
HUNGARIANS, xn. 365; in Transylvania,
xxni. 522; in Walachia, xxi. 16.
HUNGARIAN SISTERS, twin monsters,
xvi. 766.
HUNGARY, xii. 361 (index, 380); in.
115; early connexion of Moldavia
with, xxi. 1 8; under Dedk, vii. 12;
invasions of, by the Turks, xxm.
642, 643; revolution in (1848), ill.
137; coins of, xvn. 658; language,
XXIV. 2 ; libraries, xiv. 527, 547;
mines, xvi. 468; periodical literature,
XVlll. 543 ; Presbyterianism in, Xix.
697; Rouman population of, XXIV.
270; wine industry, XXI v. 610. See
also Austria-Hungary.
HUNGER, xvn. 667.
HUNG SEW-TSEUEN, emperor of China,
v. 651.
HUNG-Woo, emperor of China, v. 648.
HUNNEBEDDEN, Dutch dolmens, XXI. 52.
HUNS, XII. 381; origin of, XXIII. 659;
early home of, xxni. 639; under
Attila, in. 61; their invasion of the
Gothic dominions, x. 849; of Greece,
XL 1 12; of the Roman empire, XX. 781 ;
in Italy, Xlll. 468; in time of Theo-
dosius I., XXIII. 257.
, White, or Khazars, xiv. 59; xvni.
610, 613; xxni. 639.
HUNT, J. H. Leigh, English essayist,
xii. 382; his relations with Shelley,
xxi. 792.
HUNT, Walter, inventor of a sewing
machine, xxi. 718.
, William Henry, English painter,
xn. 384.
HUNTER, horse, xn. 187, 194.
, river, New South Wales, xvn. 408.
, John, English physiologist and
surgeon, xii. 385; I. 815; xv. 816;
his discoveries in anatomy and sur
gery, xxii. 676; his contributions to
zoological science, xxiv. 815; his
anatomical museum, I. 819; xii. 390.
, William, English physiologist and
physician, xii. 391; I. 814; xv. 816;
his contributions to embryology, vill.
165; to zoological science, XXIV. 815.
HUNTERIAN MUSEUM, London, I. 819;
xii. 390.
HUNTER MOUNTAIN, Catskills, U.S.A.,
xxni. 793.
HUNTING, xii. 392; with the cheetah,
v. 457.
HUNTINGDON, county, England, xii.
397; population and representation,
XXlli. 727; town, xii. 398.
, Earldom of, XXI. 482, 484; XXIII.
476.
, Selina, Countess of, Calvinistic
Methodist, XI I. 399; her support of
Whitefield, xxiv. 551.
HUNTINGTON, Joseph, American Uni-
versalist, xxm. 831.
HUNTS (Huntingdon), county, England,
xii. 397; xxm. 727.
HUNYADY, John, governor of Hungary,
xii. 367, 368; xxm. 642.
, Matthias, king of Hungary, XII.
367, 368; xv. 634.
HUNZA, state, on the upper Indus, x.
597-
HUON, river, Tasmania, xxm. 72.
DE BORDEAUX, early French epic,
ix. 638; xx. 653.
ISLANDS, New Caledonia, Pacific,
XVIL 376.
HUPFELD, Hermann, German Orient
alist, xii. 399; on the Pentateuch,
xvm. 506.
HURD, Richard, English bishop, XII. 399.
HURDWAR, town, India, XL 475.
HuREAULITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
HURKA, river, Manchuria, xv. 466.
HURMUZ (Ormus), town, on Persian
Gulf, XVII. 856.
HURN, William, English hymn-writer,
XII. 595.
HURON, Lake, North America, XXI.
178, 182.
HURONITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
HURONS, American Indians, Xii. 827,
831-
HURREEANAH, district, India, XL 479.
HURRICANE-BIRD, IX. 786.
HURRICANES, xvi. 154; in West Indies,
xxiv. 511.
HuRRUR (Harar), town, North-East
Africa, XL 454.
XXV. — 28
218
H U R — H Y D
HURTADO, Luis, Spanish poet, XX. 656.
HURUL, Chronicleof, Roumania, xxi. 16.
HUS, or Huss (q.v.\ John, XII. 404.
HUSAIN, shah of Persia, xvm. 639.
MIRZA, shah of Persia, xvm. 632.
HUSBAND AND WIFE, Law relating to,
xii. 400; xv. 565; divorce of, vn. 300;
xxiv. 637; as witnesses, xxiv. 624.
HUSBANDMEN, xiv. 166.
HUSBANDRY, Book of, Fitzherbert's, I.
295.
HUSCH, town, Moldavia, xn. 402.
HUSEIN, or Hosain (q.v.), hero of a
Moslem passion play, XL 508; xvm.
660.
HUSEYN PASHA, Turkish vizier, xxill.
646.
HUSHIARPUR, district, India, XII. 402;
XX. 109; town, XII. 403.
Husi (Husch), town, Moldavia, XII. 402.
HUSKISSON, William, English statesman
and financier, XII. 403.
Huss, or Hus, John, Bohemian Reformer,
xii. 404; XX. 322; his association
with Jerome of Prague, xm. 631.
HUSSARS, cavalry, v. 262.
HUSSEIN BOUSHREVIEH, Persian Bab-
ist, in. 1 80.
HUSSEY, T. J., his observatory at
Hayes, England, xvn. 711.
HUSSHIEL, Rabbi, Talmudist, xxni. 39.
HUSSINECZ, town, Bohemia, xn. 404.
HUSSITES, religious Reformers, xn.
407; xx. 321.
HUSSITE WAR, in. 860; x. 495 ; xii. 407.
HUSUM, town, Schleswig-Holstein, xn.
408.
HUSZT, town, Hungary, xn. 408.
HUTCHESON, Francis, Irish philo
sopher, xii. 408; on the sense of
beauty, I. 221; his ethical system,
Vlli. 601; his place in English litera
ture, vill. 431.
HUTCHINSON, John, English physicist,
xii. 411.
— , Colonel John, Puritan soldier, xn.
411.
, Thomas, governor of Massachusetts,
U.S.A., xii. 412.
HUT DWELLINGS, Cornwall, England,
vi. 427.
HUTIA, rat-like animal, Cuba, VI. 680.
HUTTEN, Ulrich von, German humanist,
xn. 412; x. 498, 528; his visit to
Rome, xx. 325.
HUTTON, Charles, English mathema
tician, xn. 414; on the invention of
logarithms, xvn. 181; his mathe
matical tables, XXIIL ii.
, James, geologist, xn. 414.
HUXHAM, John, English physician, xv.
815.
HUXLEY, Thomas Henry, on birds,
XVIIL 34; his types of mankind, n.
113; on natural selection, xxiv. 79; on
the classification of reptiles, XX. 437;
his zoological classification, xxiv. 809.
HUY, town, Belgium, xn. 415.
HUYGENS, Christiaan, Dutch mathe
matician and physicist, xn. 415; his
air-pump improvements, xix. 246; as
astronomer, II. 755; his controversy
with Hooke, xn. 149; on the law of
magnetic action, xv. 236; his micro
meter, xvi. 242 ; his telescopes, xxni.
136; on the undulatory theory of light,
xiv. 604, 610; on the plurality of
worlds, II. 740.
-, Sir Constantijn, Dutch poet and
diplomatist, xn. 417, 95.
HUYSMANN ROELOF (Agricola), scholar,
I. 290.
HUYSMANS, family of Flemish painters,
xn. 417.
HuYSUM, Jan van, Dutch painter, xn.
418.
HUZARA, district, India, XL 546; XX.
109.
HUZAYA, Joseph, Syriac writer, xxn.
836.
HVALOER, islands, Norway, xvn. 576.
HWANG-HO, or Hoang-ho, river, China,
v. 630; XVIIL 117; xxni. 339.
HVVEN T'SANG, Chinese traveller and
writer, xn. 418; XVIIL 101; in India,
xn. 785.
HWICCAS, ancient tribe, England, xxiv.
666.
HYACINTH, garden plant, xn. 419, 256.
-, precious stone, xni. 532.
HYACINTHE, Father (Hyacinthe Loy-
son), theologian, XVII. 754.
— , Rene Th^ophile, French physician,
xv. 8 1 6.
HYACINTHIA, festival, at Sparta, n.
1 86.
HYACINTHUS, of Greek mythology, xn.
420; n. 186.
HYADES, in mythology, xn. 420.
HY^NA, carnivorous mammal, xn.
420; xv. 437.
HY^ENODON, fossil carnivorous mam
mal, xv. 442.
HYALINCECIA TUBICOLA, species of
Annelida, 1 1. 67.
HYALITE, mineral, xvi. 390.
HYALOPHANE, mineral, xvi. 420.
HYALOSIDERITE, mineral, xvi. 410.
HYAMIA, town, Messenia, Greece, xvi.
53-
HYBERNATION, or Hibernation (?.i>.),
XL 787.
HYBLA, ancient towns, Sicily, xn. 421.
HYBRID ANIMALS, xn. 425.
HYBRIDISM, xn. 422.
HYBRID PLANTS, xn. 216, 423.
HYDAH, people, North America, xn.
826.
HYDASPES (Jhelum), river, India, xiv.
10; reached by Alexander, I. 484.
HYDE, town, England, xn. 426.
, Anne, wife of James, duke of York
(James II. of England), v. 806; xni.
559-
HYDE, Edward, first earl of Clarendon,
v. 804.
, Thomas, English Orientalist, xn.
426.
PARK, London, xiv. 824.
HYDER, or Haidar, Sheikh, ruler of
Persia, xvm. 634.
HYDERABAD, territory, Central India,
xn. 428; town, xn. 429.
, district, Sind, India, xn. 429;
town, xii. 430.
HYDER ALI, Mohammedan leader in
India, xn. 427, 803; xvn. 124.
HYDRA, island and town, Greece, xn.
430-
, genus of Hydrozoa, xn. 547.
HYDRACHNIDES, family of Arachnida,
n. 276.
HYDRACRYLIC ACID, xiv. 197.
HYDRADEPHAGA, group of beetles, vi.
130.
HYDRANGEA, greenhouse plant, xn.
431, 262.
HYDRARGILLITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
HYDRARGYRUM (Mercury), metal and
chemical element, xvi. 31.
HYDRATE OF CHLORAL, xvn. 232.
HYDRATES, in metallurgy, xvi. 61.
HYDRAULIC LIFT, xn. 520; xiv.
574-
HYDRAULIC PRESS, xv. 753; invention
of, iv. 213.
HYDRAULIC RAM, Hontgolfier's, iv.
i73-
HYDRAULICS, practical hydrodynamics,
xn. 435, 459; Papin's inventions in,
XVIIL 229; Torricelli's discoveries in,
xxni. 453.
HYDRAZINES, nitrogenous carbon com
pounds, xvn. 519.
HYDRIA, ancient Greek vase, xix. 614.
HYDRIDES, in chemistry, v. 476, 544.
HYDROBORACITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
HYDROCARBONS, in chemistry, v. 5565
XVIIL 237.
HYDROCEPHALUS, disease, xn. 431;
xvi. 763.
HYDROCHELIDON, genus of birds, xxni.
189.
HYDROCHLORIC ACID, v. 678; as poison,
xix. 279.
HYDROCORALLIN^E, order of Hydrozoa,
xii. 563.
HYDROCYANIC ACID, xx. 22; from the
cherry laurel, xiv. 348; as poison,
XIX. 278.
HYDRODYNAMICS, xn. 435, 445; xix.
241 ; place of, among the sciences, xix.
2; D. Bernoulli's work on, in. 606;
Pascal's discoveries in, XVIIL 338.
HYDRODYNAMOMETER, for measuring
velocity of liquids, xn. 508.
HYDROGEN, chemical element, xn. 433;
v. 478; used for balloons, I. 188; deter
mination of, V. 544 ; in iron, XIII.
284 ; peroxide of, discovered by
Thenard, xxill. 252 ; as plant food,
H Y D — H Y T
219
Xix. 48; spectrum of, xxn. 375 ;
thermometric properties of, XI. 574.
HYDROGENS, Phosphuretted, xvm.8i7.
HYDROGRAPHIC DEPARTMENT, of the
British Admiralty, xvn. 262.
H YDROKINETER, for steam boilers, xxn.
500.
HYDROMAGNESITE, mineral, xvi. 399.
HYDROMECHANICS, Science of, xn.
435-
HYDROMEDUS/E, subclass of Hydrozoa,
xii. 559.
HYDROMEL, fermented drink from
honey, xn. 137.
HYDROMETER, for determining densi
ties, xii. 536.
HYDROPARASTAT^, or Aquarians, early
Christian sect, II. 217.
HYDROPATHY, system of medical treat
ment, xii. 542; in. 438, 440.
HYDROPHANE, mineral, xvi. 390.
HYDROPHID^E, family of snakes, xxn.
193, 197-
HYDROPHITE, mineral, xvi. 415.
HYDROPHOBIA, disease, xn. 545; xx.
199.
HYDROPHYTA, order of plants, i. 507.
HYDRORHACHIS, bodily deformity, xvi.
763-
HYDROSTATIC PARADOX, as basis for
perpetual motion, xvni. 554.
HYDROSTATICS, xn. 435, 440 ; place
of, among the sciences, Xix. 2;
figure of the earth as a problem in,
VII. 600.
HYDROTALCITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
HYDROTROPISM, in plants, xix. 60.
HYDROXIDES, in chemistry, v. 485.
HYDROZINCITE, mineral, xvi. 399.
HYDROZOA, division of animal kingdom,
xii. 547.
HYDRUNTUM, or Hydrus (Otranto),
ancient Greek town, Italy, XVIII. 68.
HYERES, town, France, xn. 565; popula
tion, xxiv. 69.
HYETOMETER, rain gauge, xx. 256.
HYETOMETROGRAPH, Hermann's, xx.
257.
HYGIENE, xn. 566; naval, xvn. 297.
HYGINUS, Caius Julius, Roman author,
xn. 569.
GROMATICUS, writer on surveying,
xii. 569.
HYGROMETER, Amonton's, i. 746;
Deluc's, VII. 54; Saussure's, VII. 54;
xxi. 324.
HYGROMETRY, measurement of humi
dity, xii. 569; of atmosphere, in. 32.
HYGROPHILITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
HYKSOS, shepherd kings, Egypt, vn.
735-
HYLACTES, genus of birds, xxm. 49.
HYLO BATES, genus of apes, n. 150.
HYLOZOISM, Stoic doctrine of, xxil.
563-
HYMEN, in Greek legend, xii. 571.
HYMEN^EUS, in Greek legend, xn. 571.
HYMENIUM, in reproductive system of
lichens, xiv. 554,
HYMENOMYCETES, suborder of Fungi,
ix. 832; xxiv. 127; as parasites, xvni.
267.
HYMENOPTERA, order of insects, xn.
571; ii. 94; xin. 148.
HYMETTUS, mountain, Greece, in. 58;
honey of, xn. 138.
HYMNS, xii. 577; musical history of,
xvn. 85; Assyrian, in. 191.
HY NEILL, early Irish dynasty, Xin.
250.
HYOID BONE, Anatomy of the, I.
825.
HYOSCYAMINE, vegetable alkaloid, xi.
651.
HYOSCYAMUS, genus of plants, xi. 650;
xvn. 231.
HYP^ETHROS, in architecture, n. 466.
HYPATIA of Alexandria, Pagan martyr,
xn. 596; xvn. 337; her scientific
treatises, I. 511; her death attributed
to Cyril, vi. 751.
- , C. Kingsley's novel, xiv. 89.
IA, disease, xin. 100.
HYPERBOLA, in geometry, vi. 278; x.
398; mensuration of, xvi. 20.
HYPERBOLIC ANTILOGARITHMS, Tables
of, xxm. 14.
HYPERBOLIC LOGARITHMS, Tables of,
XXIII. 12.
HYPERBOLIC TRIGONOMETRY, xxm.
570.
HYPERBOLOID, Mensuration of the, xvi.
27.
HYPERGEUSIA, disease, xxm. 80.
HYPERIDES, Attic orator, xn. 596;
ancient MS. of, xvni. 146.
HYPERIDROSIS, skin disease, xxn.
1 20.
HYPERION, Holderlin's work, xn. 58.
- , Keats's poem, xiv. 23.
-, Longfellow's work, xiv. 860.
HYPERMETROPIA, defect of the eye,
vni. 820; xvn. 785; spectacles for,
xxn. 372.
HYPEROODON, genus of Cetacea, xv.
396; xxiv. 525.
HYPERPARASITISM, xvni. 261.
HYPERPYREXIA, disease, xx. 517.
HYPERSTHENE, mineral, xvi. 415.
HYPERTROPHY, abnormal increase of
bodily organs, xn. 597; xxn. 687.
HYPH^E, cells of Fungi, ix. 827.
HYPH^NE, genus of palms, xvni.
190.
HYPHASIS (Sutlej), eastern limit
reached by Alexander, I. 484.
HYPHEAR, parasitic plant, xvi. 527.
HYPNOSIA, disease, xxn. 157.
HYPNOTICS, narcotic drugs, xvn. 230.
HYPNOTISM, 11. 205; xv. 277; among
the Greeks, II. 505.
HYPOBLAST, in animal development, n.
51; vni. 746; xxn. 106.
HYPOCAUST, Roman stove, xxn. 579.
HYPOCHONDRIASIS, disease, xn. 598.
HYPODERMA, in vegetable histology,
Xii. 18.
HYPODERMIC, order of Fungi, ix.
831-
HYPOGENE ACTION, in geology, x.
240.
HYPOGEOMYS, genus of rodent mam
mals, xvn. 6.
HYPOGEUSIA, disease, xxm. 80.
HYPOLAIS, genus of birds, xxiv. 553.
HYPOMESUS, genus of fishes, xxi. 221,
224.
HYPONITROUS ACID, v. 514.
HYPOSTASIANISM, early Christian
dogma, xvi. 719.
HYPOSTILBITE, mineral, xvi. 422.
HYPOTHEC, in law, xn. 598; xx. 403;
its effects on agriculture, I. 407.
HYPOTHECIUM, in reproductive system
of lichens, xiv. 554.
HYPOTRICHA, order of Protozoa, xix.
863.
HYPOTYPOSES, Clement of Alexandria's
work, v. 820.
HYPOXANTHITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
HYPOZOA, or Protozoa (q.v.), Skeletal
structures of, xxn. 106.
H YPSILANTES, or Hypsilanti, Alexander,
modern Greek leader, XI. 125; xxm.
649.
HYPSIPRYMNODON, genus of marsupial
mammals, xin. 841.
HYPSIPRYMNUS, genus of marsupial
mammals, xin. 840.
HYPSIPYLE, of Greek legend, xiv.
437-
HYPSOMETER, boiling-point thermo
meter, xxm. 292.
HYPSOMETRY, determinations of height,
in surveying, xxn. 713.
HYRACODON, extinct ungulate mammal,
xv. 428; xx. 523.
HYRACOIDEA, suborder of ungulate
mammals, xv. 422.
HYRAX, genus of ungulate mammals,
xii. 598; xv. 423.
HYRCANIA, province, Western Asia,
xn. 599; xvni. 586, 588, 592, 603.
HYRCANUS, John, I.-II., Jewish high
priests, xii. 599; xin. 423.
HYSMINE AND HYSMINIAS, Greek
romance, xx. 636.
HYSON, variety of tea, xxm. 99.
HYSSOP, plant, xn. 599, 289.
HYSTERECTOMY, in surgery, xxn.
691.
HYSTERIA, disease, xn. 600; xin. 101,
1 08.
HYSTERO-EPILEPSY, disease, xn. 601.
HYSTRICOMORPHA, HYSTRICID^E, sec
tion and family of rodent mammals,
xv. 420.
HYSTRIX, genus of rodent mammals,
xn. 416; xix. 518.
HYTHE, town, England, xn. 601; xiv.
39; school of musketry at, n. 586.
220
I — I D E
T the ninth letter of the alphabet, xii.
1 > 602.
lALYSUS, hero of Rhodes, Protogenes's
picture of, XIX. 828.
, town, Rhodes, XX. 526.
IAMBIC VERSE, Greek, XL 139.
IAMBLICHUS, Syrian Neoplatonist, XII.
602; xvii. 337.
— , Greek novelist, XX. 634.
IAPYGIAN LANGUAGE, xiv. 327.
IAPYGIANS, early Italian race, xm. 443.
IASITHEUS (Raphael Fabretti), Italian
antiquary, vill. 840.
IATRO-PHYSICAL SCHOOLS, of medi
cine, xv. 810.
IAVOHAIKA, mountain, Madagascar,
xv. 1 68.
IBADAN, town, West Africa, xii. 604;
xxiv. 754.
IBARRA, town, Ecuador, xii. 604.
IBAS, Syriac writer, XXII. 829.
IBERIA, ancient Spain, xxii. 304.
IBERIANS, race of people, Spain, xn.
604; ix. 527.
IBERUS (Ebro), river, Spain, vn. 619.
IBEX, ungulate mammal, xii. 605; i.
633; xv. 432.
IBIRIPITANGA, Brazil wood, iv. 226.
IBIS, bird, xn. 606.
IBN ABDALHAKAM, Arab historian,
xxiii. 3, 5.
IBN ABDALLAH, founder of the Almo-
hades, I. 593.
IBN ABD RABBIHI, Arab historical
writer, xxiii. 4.
IBN ABI AMIR (Almanzor), sovereign of
Cordova, xv. 500; xxii. 314.
IBN ABI OSAIBIYA, xvi. 596; xxiii. 5.
IBN ADHARI, Arab historian, xxiii. 5.
IBN AL-ARABi, Arab philologist and
historian, xxiii. 3.
IBN AL-ASHATH, pretender to the cali
phate, xvi. 572.
IBN AL-ATHIR, Arab historian, xxiii. 4.
IBN AL-jAUZi, Arab historical writer,
xxiii. 4.
IBN AL-WARDI, Arab historian, xxiii.
5-
IBN AMiD(Elmacin), Egyptian historian,
vin. 152; xxiii. 5.
IBN ARABSHAH, Arab historian, xxiii.
5-
IBN ASAKIR, Arab historian, xxiii. 4.
IBN BADJA (Avempace, q.v.), Spanish
Moslem philosopher, II. 269.
IBN BATUTA, Moorish traveller and
writer, XII. 607; X. 179.
IBN EZRA (Abenezra), i. 36.
IBN GEBIROL (Avicebron, q.v.), Jewish
mystic, in. 152.
IBN HABIB, Arab historian, xxm. 3, 5.
IBN HAJAR, Arab writer, xxm. 5.
IBN HISHAM, editor of Ibn Ishak, xxm.
2.
IBN ISHAK, biographer of Mohammed,
xvi. 596; xxm. 2.
IBN IYAS, Arab historian, xxm. 5.
IBN JUNIS (Ibn Yunus), Arabian astro
nomer, II. 751.
IBN JUZAI, Mohammed, editor of Ibn
Batuta's travels, xn. 608.
IBN KEMAL, Turkish writer, xxm. 656.
IBN KHALDOUN, Arab historian and
poet, xii. 609; xxm. 5.
IBN KHALLIKAN, Arab writer, xii. 609;
xxm. 5.
IBN KHIDASH, Arab historian, xxm. 3.
IBN KHORDADHBEH, author of Arabic
itinerary, xvi. 596.
IBN KOTAIBA, Arab historian, xvi. 596;
xxm. 3.
IBN MASUD, editor of the Koran, xvi.
605.
IBN MOKAFFA, translator of Kalilah
and Dimnah, in. 666; xvm. 134.
IBN NlSHATl, Urdu writer, XI. 848.
IBN ROSHD (Averroes, q.v.\ Arab philo
sopher and physician, ill. 149.
IBN SAUD, Wahhabite prince of Arabia,
xvii. 774.
IBN SHIHNA, Arab historian, xxm. 5.
IBN SINA (Avicenna, q.v.), Arab philo
sopher and physician, ill. 152.
IBN SJEDDAD (Bohaddin), Arabian
writer and statesman, ill. 859.
IBN To FAiL(Abubacer), Spanish Moslem
philosopher, n. 269.
IBN WADIH, or Yakubi, Arab historian,
xxm. 3.
IBN ZOBAIR, Abdallah, pseudo-caliph,
xvi. 568, 570.
IBN ZOHR (Avenzoar), Arab physician,
in. 145; xv. 805.
I BO, district, West Africa, XI I. 610.
, town, Mozambique, Africa, xvii. 7.
— GROUP, of Negroes, Africa, XVII.
3i9-
IBRAHIM, caliph, xvi. 576.
— , Turkish sultan, xxm. 645.
— NIYAL, Seljuk ruler, XXI. 634.
- PASHA, viceroy of Egypt, xn. 610;
VII. 764; xxm. 650; his conquest of
the Arabs, II. 261.
IBRAILA, town, Roumania, xii. 610.
IBSEN, Henrik, Norwegian dramatist
and poet, XVII. 591.
IBU (Ibo), district, West Africa, xii. 610.
IBYCUS, Greek poet, xn. 611.
ICA, town, Peru, xii. 6n.
ICA, river, South America, VI. 153.
ICARIA, genus of insects, xxiv. 392.
ICCIODURUM (Issoire), ancient town,
France, xin. 432.
ICE, xn. 611; geological action of, x.
280, 281, 366; strength of, vil. 816;
formation of, in Baltic Sea, in. 295;
in Polar Regions, xix. 328, 330; used
for preserving provisions, IX. 244 ;
XIX. 709.
ICEBERG, xn. 614; in Polar Regions,
xix. 328, 330.
ICE-HOUSE, XII. 615.
ICELAND, xn. 616; vn. 83; discovery
of, xxm. 328; birds of, xvm. 17;
church, Vill. 491; geysers, x. 557;
language, XII. 627; XXI. 368; libraries,
xiv. 549; literature, xn. 621; vn.
649; xxn. 201; newspapers, xvn.
430; periodical literature, xvin. 543.
ICELANDIC LANGUAGE, xn. 627; xxi.
368; dictionaries of, vn. 186.
ICELANDIC LITERATURE, xn. 621; vn.
649; xxn. 201.
ICELAND Moss, lichen, xn. 628; xiv.
560.
ICELAND SPAR, mineral, iv. 653; xv.
217; xvi. 397, 419; refraction of light
by, xiv. 609.
I-CHANG, town, China, xn. 628.
ICH DIEN, motto, its origin, vi. 557.
ICHNEUMON, carnivorous mammal, XII.
629; xv. 436.
ICHNEUMON-FLY, parasitic insect, xn.
629, 576.
ICHTHYOLOGY, xn. 630; paloeontologi-
cal, Agassiz's researches in, I. 275.
ICHTHYOPTERYGIA, order of fossil
reptiles, XX. 442.
ICHTHYOSAURUS, extinct reptile, xn.
695.
ICHTHYOSIS, skin disease, xxn. 121.
IClLfUS, Karl G. G. von Quintus, his
magnetic experiments, xv. 254.
ICKNIELD STREET (Via Iceniana),
Roman road, England, vil-372; Roman
remains on, xvin. 94.
I COD DE LOS VlNOS, town, Canary
Islands, iv. 799.
ICOLMKILL (lona), island, Scotland,
xin. 203.
ICONIUM (Konieh), ancient town, Asia
Minor, xv. 12.
ICONOCLASM, ICONOCLASTS, xn. 711;
XL 114; xiv. 453.
ICONOGRAPHY, classification of engraved
prints, vill. 445,
ICOSAHEDRON, in geometry, X. 388.
ICOSIUM (Algiers), ancient town, North
Africa, xv. 637.
ICTERUS, genus of birds, xn. 696.
, disease, xin. 598.
ICTINUS, Greek architect, n. 359.
ICULISMA (Angouleme), ancient town,
France, n. 46.
IDA, king of Bernicia, England, xvn.
569.
, mountain, Crete, VI. 569.
, mountains, Asia Minor, XXIII.
578.
IDAHO, Territory, U.S.A., xn. 697 ;
population, xxm. 802.
IDALIUM, Cyprus, Antiquities at, vi.
750.
IDANTHYRSUS, Scythian king, xxi.
5?6, 577-
IDDAH, town, West Africa, xvn. 497.
IDEA, The World as Will and, Scho
penhauer's work, XXI. 450.
IDEALISM, Berkeley's, III. 591; Hegel's,
XL 618; Kant's, xin. 850; Schopen
hauer's, xxi. 457; Spinoza's, v. 152.
E — I L Z
221
IDEALITY, in phrenology, xvm. 845.
IDEALIZATION, in the fine arts, ix.
210.
IDEAS, Plato's doctrine of, xiv. 785;
xix. 205; Philo's, xvin. 761; Xeno-
crates's, xxiv. 718.
, Association of, II. 730; VII. 458;
VIII. 607; XX. 60; Thomas Brown on,
IV. 388; Hartley on, XI. 498.
, Innate, XV I. 91; Descartes on, v.
146; Leibnitz on, XI v. 422; Locke on,
Xiv. 758.
IDEATION, in psychology, xx. 5.8, 69, 76.
IDEES NAPOLEONIENNES, treatise by
Louis Napoleon, xvil. 227.
IDENSALMI, town, Finland, xxiv. 209.
IDENTITY, Mental perception of, xx.
80; idea of, in metaphysics, XVI. 83;
principle of, Condillac on the, VI. 250
IDEOGRAMS, or Ideographs, hiero
glyphics, I. 603; Xlll. 114.
IDEOLOGY, De Tracy's, xxm. 497.
IDERO (Hydra), island, Greece, XII.
430.
IDES, in Roman calendar, iv. 665.
IDIOCY, form of insanity, xm. 97.
IDIOT BOY, The, Wordsworth's ballad,
xxiv. 670.
IDIOTS, Weights of brain of, I. 880.
IDLE, town, England, xn. 698.
, river, England, XVII. 598.
IDLER, The, by Johnson, xm. 724.
IDOCRASE, mineral, xvi. 410.
I DO LA, or Classes of Error, enumerated
by Bacon, ill. 212.
IDOLATRY, xn. 698, 710; condemned
in the Koran, XVI. 599.
IDOMENEO, RE DI CRETA, opera by
Mozart, xvil. 10.
IDRIA, town, Austria, XII. 699; quick
silver mines of, ill. 120.
IDRIALINE, mineral wax, xvni. 113.
IDRIALITE, mineral, xvi. 429.
IDRISI (Edrisi), Arabian geographer, VII.
669; x. 177.
IDUMEA, district, south of Palestine, XII.
699.
IDUTWYA RESERVE, South Africa, xm.
817.
IDYL, in literature, xvm. 345.
IERAPETRA, town, Crete, vi. 572.
IFFLAND, August Wilhelm, German
dramatist, xn. 699.
IFFLEY, Oxfordshire, England, Church
at, xvm. 94.
IGBO (Ibo), district, West Africa, xn.
610.
IGIDI, plateau, Sahara, Africa, xxi. 149.
IGLAU, town, Moravia, xn. 700.
IGLESIAS, town, Sardinia, xn. 700;
xxi. 309.
IGLO, town, Hungary, XH. 700.
IGNATIUS, early Christian writer, II.
196; on the Gospels, X. 815, 822; his
letters, XIX. 489; Cureton's edition
of them, vi. 710; his relations with
Polycarp, xix. 414.
IGNATIUS, patriarch of Constantinople,
XVlll. 819 ; supported by Pope
Nicholas I., xvn. 483.
IGNEOUS ROCKS, in geology, x. 307.
IGNIS FATUUS, or Will-o'-the-Wisp,
xvin. 813.
IGNORANTINES, French religious
brotherhood, XII. 700.
IGOLOTES, or Igorrotes, race, Philippine
Islands, xvm. 753.
IGOR, Russian chief, xxi. 87, 104.
IGORROTES, or Igolotes, race, Philip
pine Islands, xvm. 753.
IGUALADA, town, Spain, xn. 700.
IGUANA, lizard, xn. 700; xiv. 735.
IGUANODON, fossil reptile, xn. 701 ;
xx. 442.
IGUVINE (or EUGUBINE) TABLES, vm.
663.
IGUVIUM (Gubbio), ancient town, Italy,
XL 243; xxm. 724.
IHIBHA, or Denha, Syriac writer, xxn.
848.
IHRE, Johan, Swedish philologist, xi.
200; xxii. 755.
I KAN PRUT, fish, Java, xm. 606.
IKI, island, Japan, xm. 569.
IKIRUN, town, West Africa, XXIV.
754-
IKUVIO (Gubbio), ancient town, Italy,
XL 243.
I LA (New Kuldja), toAvn, Central Asia,
xiv. 154.
ILATS, or Iliyats, Turcoman tribes in
Persia, xvm. 627; xxm. 661.
ILCHESTER, town, England, xn. 702.
ILE-DE-FRANCE, district, France, xn.
702.
ILERDA (Lerida), Roman town, Spain,
xiv. 470.
ILESHA, town, West Africa, xxiv.
754-
ILEUM, or Small Intestine, Anatomy of
the, vii. 226; XVIL 668.
ILEX, genus of trees, xn. 101; xv. 627;
xvn. 694.
ILFRACOMBE, town, England, xn. 702.
ILHAVO, town, Portugal, xii. 702.
I LI, river, Central Asia, xn. 702; xxi.
640.
ILIAD, Homeric poem, XI. 137; xn. 117;
Quintus Smyrnteus's continuation,
xx. 1 88; ancient MSS. of, xvm. 146;
Earl Derby's translation of, vn. 112.
ILICI (Elche), ancient town, Spain, VII.
827.
ILIGH, town, Morocco, xvi. 834.
ILINIZA, mountain, Ecuador, vn. 645.
I LION, or Troy, ancient town, Asia
Minor, xxm. 579.
ILIPULA (Loj a), ancient to wn, Spain, xiv.
8 10.
ILISSUS, river, Greece, in. 60; XL 82.
ILIUM, or Troy, ancient town, Asia
Minor, xxm. 579; coins of, xvn. 646.
, or Haunch-Bone, Anatomy of the,
I. 828.
ILIYATS, Turcoman tribes in Persia,
xvm. 627; xxm. 661.
ILKESTON, town, England, xn. 703;
xvn. 598.
ILKHANS, Mongol empire of the, xvi.
742.
ILKHANY, Tables of the, Mongol astro
nomical Avork, x. 1 78.
ILL, river, Germany, XX. 519.
ILLAWARRA, lake, NBAV South Wales,
xvil. 408.
iLLE-ET-ViLAlNE, department, France,
xn. 703.
ILLEGITIMACY, in law, in. 426; sta
tistics of, in. 427.
ILLIGER, Johami K. W., on birds, xvm.
14, 22.
ILLINOIS, State, U.S.A., xn. 703; popu
lation, xxm. 802.
ILLORICATA, division, of Rotifera, xxi.
8.
ILLUMINANTS, for lighthouses, xiv.
626.
ILLUMINATED BORDERS, of books,
xxm. 696.
ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS, vi. 451;
xn. 707.
ILLUMINATI, mystic sects, xn. 706.
ILLUMINATION, by flame, ix. 282;
intensity of, Xiv. 582; of lighthouses,
xiv. 6 1 8.
, of written or printed texts, xn.
707; xvi. 437; xxm. 682.
, The, or Aufkliirung, in Germany,
XX. 289.
ILLUMINATOR, St Gregory, xi. 179.
ILLUMINES, French mystic sect, XII.
706.
ILLUNUM (Hellin), ancient town, Spain,
xi. 637.
ILLUSIONS, in magic, XV. 207; optical,
II. 205.
ILLUSTRATED NEWSPAPERS, xvn. 419.
ILLYRIA, or Illyricum, country, Eastern
Europe, xn. 709; invasion of, by
Rome, xx. 748; coins of, xvn.
641.
ILLYRICUM, country, Eastern Europe,
xn. 709.
ILMEN, Lake, Russia, xvn. 606; xx.
35; xxi. 73.
ILMENAU, town, Germany, xxi. 349.
ILMENITE, mineral, xvi. 386; polarity
of, xix. 313.
lLOBU, town, West Africa, XXIV. 754.
ILOILO, town, Philippine Islands, xvm.
752.
ILOPANGO, lake, Central America, xxi.
268.
I LORI, or Ilorin, town, West Africa, XII.
710; xxiv. 754.
ILOVLA, river, Russia, xxi. 304.
ILTCHI, town, Turkestan, xxm. 639.
ILURO (Oloron), ancient town, France,
xvn. 765.
ILZSTADT, suburb of Passau, Bavaria,
xvm. 344.
222
I M A — I N D
IMAGE, on the retina, vin. 817.
- BOOKS, or Block Books, in. 652;
XXIII. 682.
IMAGES, Mental, xx. 58.
IMAGE WORSHIP, xn. 710.
IMAGINARIES, Theory of, in creations,
vni. 501.
IMAGINATION, in psychology, xx. 57;
in the fine arts, IX, 210; poetic, XIX.
263; productive, Kant on, xin. 852;
Gassendi's theory of, x. 106; Spinoza
on, v. 153; Wordsworth's theory, XXIV.
672.
IMAGINES, work by Philostratus, xvill.
797-
, work by Varro, xxiv. 93.
IMAGO, fully developed butterfly, IV.
594-
IMAM, Mohammedan priest, XII. 714;
xvi. 592; xix. 730; xxii. 662.
IMAMBA, snake, in Natal, xvn. 241.
IMANDRA, lake, Russian Lapland, xiv.
305-
IMAUS, Northern, of Ptolemy, Pamir
plateau, xvm. 102.
IMBABURA, mountain, Ecuador, vn. 644.
IMBECILITY, modification of idiocy, xin.
97-
IMBRA, deity of Afghan Kafirs, xin. 822.
IMBROS, island, ^Egean Sea, XII. 714.
IMERINA, district, Madagascar, xv. 168.
IMERITIA, district, Transcaucasia, Russia,
xii. 715; xxni. 513.
IMERITIANS, race of people, Caucasus,
v. 257.
IMHOTEP, Egyptian divinity, vn. 718.
IMITATIO CHRISTI, the question of its
authorship, xiv. 32.
IMITATION, in fine art, IX. 202.
, a basis of language, xvill. 767.
IMITATIVENESS, in phrenology, xvm.
845.
IMLAY, Captain Gilbert, his relations
with Mary Wollstonecraft, X. 716.
IMMA, wife of Eginhard, vn. 698.
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION OF B. V.
MARY, Roman Catholic dogma, xn.
715; XV. 590; xvii. 754; at the council
of Trent, XXlll. 546; declaration of,
as article of faith, xix. 159; Duns
Scotus's defence of, vn. 545.
IMMANES, order of birds, xvm. 44.
IMMERMANN, Karl Leberecht, German
dramatist, XII. 716; x. 543.
IMMERSIONS, Long, by swimmers,
xxii. 771.
IMMIGRATION, at New York, xvn.
460.
IMMORTALITY OF THE SOUL, vin. 535;
Aristotle on, n. 522; Butler on, iv.
584; Plato on, xix. 199; Augustine's
work on, ill. 77.
IMMORTELLE, plant, xn. 716.
IMMRAMS, class of Irish legends, v. 310.
IMMUNITIES, Ecclesiastical, Church of
Rome, xx. 630.
IMMUNITY, in law, xix. 764.
IMOLA, town, Italy, XII. 717.
IMPACT, in mechanics, xv. 719.
IMPASTING, in painting, xvm. 138.
IMPEACHMENT, in law, xn. 717;
by
English parliament, vm. 319; of
peers, XVlli. 313.
IMPENETRABILITY, Perception of, in
psychology, xx. 56.
IMPENNES, group of birds, xvm. 45.
IMPERATOR, Roman title, in. 80; vm.
179; xx. 769.
IMPERFORATA, subclass of Protozoa,
xix. 845.
IMPERIAL, Francisco, Spanish poet,
xxii. 355.
CITIES, of Germany, IX. 747.
IMPETIGO, skin disease, xxii. 123.
IMPLEMENTS, of husbandry, i. 311.
IMPORTS, National, Table of, per head,
XVII. 247; taxes on, XXIII. 89.
IMPOST, in architecture, II. 466.
IMPOTENCE, in man, xv. 778; xxi. 576.
IMPREGNATION, of ovum, xx. 417.
IMPRESSIONS, Mental, xx. 57 ; Hume
on, xii. 352.
IMPRESSMENT, of English labourers,
Xiv. 167; for the navy, XVII. 295;
xxi. 605.
IMPRISONMENT, xix. 747.
IMPROVEMENTS OF LAND, Law relating
to, xiv. 275, 277.
IMVRO (Imbros), island, .<Egean Sea, xn.
714.
INACCESSIBLE ISLAND, South Atlantic,
xxm. 576.
INARA, lake, Russian Lapland, xiv. 305.
INARIME (Ischia), island, Italy, xm. 385.
INARUS, Egyptian prince, xvm. 574.
INCAMMINATI, Italian academy of
painting, v. 81.
INCANDESCENCE, as a source of light,
xiv. 579.
INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMP, xiv.
632.
INCANTATIONS, Magical, xv. 199; vn. 63.
INCA REMAINS, Ecuador, vn. 648.
INCARNATION, Doctrine of the, xm.
670; Athanasius on, II. 828; Nestorius
on, xvn. 356; Theodore on, xxm. 255.
INCAS, or Yncas, Empire of the, Peru, I.
697, 698; iv. 17; xvm. 677.
INCENSE, burnt perfume, xii. 718; ix.
709.
CUPS, so-called, xix. 602.
INCEST, xn. 722.
INCHBALD, Elizabeth, English drama
tist, xii. 722.
INCIDENCE OF TAXATION, xxm. 87.
INCIDENT, The, in Scottish history
(1641), xxi. 513.
INCLOSURE COMMISSION, England,
xiv. 266.
INCLOSURE OF COMMONS, vi. 210.
INCOME, National, xvn. 247.
— TAX, xxm. 88; Pitt's, ix. 187.
INCOPRESENTABILITY, in psychology,
xx. 46.
INCREMENT, The Unearned, in econo
mics, xiv. 267.
INCUBATION, of birds, in. 775; varia
bility of instinct illustrated from,
xm. 158.
INCUBUS, dream demon, vn. 62.
INCUNABULA, early specimens of typo
graphy, m. 653.
INDEMNITY, Acts of, xvm. 272.
INDEPENDENCY, Milton's relation to,
xvi. 330.
INDEPENDENTS, religious denomination,
xn. 722; vi. 268; riseof the, vm. 347;
English, their relation to Presbyterian-
ism, xix. 686.
INDEX, xn. 729.
— EXPURGATORIUS, of Roman Catho
lic Church, XII. 730; of the Inquisition,
xix. 714.
LIBRORUM PROHIBITORUM, of
Roman Catholic Church, xn. 730; in.
659; xx. 630.
NUMBERS, in statistics, xxn.
466.
INDIA, country, Asia, xn. 731 (index,
812); II. 685; antiquity and persist
ency of its civilization, n. 700; under
Clive, vi. 9; under the marquis of
Dalhousie, VI. 777; English measures
for, vm. 342, 356, 359, 367; Fox's
policy for (1783), xix. 139; invasion
of, by Alexander, xn. 786 ; xvm.
583; by Darius I., xvm. 569; by
Nadir Shah, xvm. 642; by Timur,
xxm. 399; Mahrattas in, xv. 288; as
a Parthian satrapy, xvm. 586, 592;
Sikh war (1846), xiv. 371; Wellesley's
policy in, xxiv. 492 ; Wellington's
operations in, xxiv. 494; architecture
of, n. 394; army, n. 589; ancient astro
nomy, n. 746; xxi. 294; birds, in. 761;
xvm. 16; carpet manufacture, v. 129;
caste, v. 187; coalfields, vi. 58; coins,
xvn. 660; cotton supply and manu
facture, VI. 483, 487; debt, xvn. 247;
diamond mines, vn. 164; freshwater
fishes, XII. 671; forests, IX. 404; glass-
making, x. 651; infanticide in, xm. 3;
irrigation works, XI 1 1. 369; jute culture,
xm. 800; land laws and customs, xiv.
262; languages, xvm. 784; libraries,
XIV- 533> 549 ; mines, xvi. 469 ;
Christian missions, xvi. 513, 517;
Jesuit missions, xm. 651; mosques,
xvi. 866; mythology, xvn. 152;
newspapers, XVII. 432; observatories,
xvn. 716; official rank in, xix.
667 ; opium cultivation, xvii. 789 ;
pearl fisheries, xvm. 447; periodical
literature, xvm. 539 ; pilgrimages,
xix. 92 ; plague in, xix. 168; police
system, XIX. 341 ; post office, XIX.
578; prison system, Xix. 757; railways,
xx. 252; rainfall, xvi. 151; rajas,
XX. 259; early religion, XXIV. 821;
reptiles, xx. 467; routes to, affecting
commerce, VI. 201; tea culture, xxm.
— I N
223
99; European travellers in, x. 188;
trigonometrical survey of, XXII. 696;
x. 191 ; universities, xxni. 856 ;
weights and measures, XXIV. 490.
INDIA, History of, James Mill's, xvi. 307.
INDIANA, State, U.S.A., xn. 813;
population, xxni. 802.
— , novel by George Sand, vil. 509.
INDIANAPOLIS, town, Indiana, U.S.A.,
xii. 814.
INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO, xn. 815; dic
tionaries of languages, vil. 191; rain
fall of, xvi. 151.
INDIAN BADGER, carnivorous mammal,
xx. 288.
INDIAN CHRONOLOGY, v. 718.
INDIAN CORN, or Maize, xv. 309.
INDIAN CRESS, plant, xn. 285.
INDIAN EMPIRE, Order of the, xiv. 124.
INDIAN INK, xin. So; xix. 88.
INDIAN INSCRIPTIONS, xm. 118.
INDIAN MILLET, cereal plant, vn. 564.
INDIAN MUTINY (1857), 11.591; xu.Sog.
INDIAN OCEAN, xii. 820.
INDIAN PINK, plant, xix. 107.
INDIAN QUEEN, Dryden and Howard's
tragedy, vi I. 489.
INDIANS, American, xn. 822, 830; I.
685; displacement of, xxm. 819;
languages of, xvill. 780; dictionaries
of languages, vil. 192 ; mythology,
XVII. 148; religions, xx. 364; totems,
xxm. 467; Eliot's work among, vin.
137; Penn's influence over, xvm. 496;
of Costa Rica, vi. 450 ; of South
America, I. 89; of Colombia, vi. 155;
of Peru, xvm. 677.
INDIAN STEEL, xin. 342.
INDIAN TERRITORY, United States, xn.
833; population, XXIII. 802.
INDIA-RUBBER, xii. 835; elasticity of,
VIL 801,813; trees, IX. 154; xvill. 673.
INDICATOR, genus of birds, xn. 140.
, in steam-engine, xxil. 476, 487,
490, 495.
INDICOLITE, mineral, xvi. 409.
INDICOPLEUSTES (Cosmas), cosmo-
grapher, vi. 445; x. 177.
INDICTION, Cycle of, iv. 670; v. 716.
INDICTMENT, in law, xii. 842.
INDIFFERENCE, Theory of, in scholastic
philosophy, XXI. 423.
INDICES, epithet of Jupiter, xin. 780.
INDIGESTION, vn. 586.
INDIGO, dyeing material, xii. 843 ; vn.
576; colours from, IV. 689; XIX. 87;
cultivation of, in India, in. 508, 568;
xii. 749.
INDIGO-BIRD, XVII. 534.
INDIGOTIN, pure indigo blue, xn. 843,
844.
INDIUM, chemical element, xn. 844; v.
533-
INDIVIDUALITY, in living organisms,
in. 688.
INDIVIDUATION, Principle of, in scho
lasticism, xxi. 428.
INDO-ARABIC NUMERALS, xvn. 627.
INDO-CHINESE LANGUAGES, Diction
aries of, VIL 191.
INDO-CHINESE RACE, 11. 697.
INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES, xvm.
778, 784; Semitic character of their
alphabets, I. 608.
INDO-GERMANIC LANGUAGES, xvin.
778, 784-
INDO-HOMERIC GROUP, of alphabets,
Lenormant's, I. 608.
INDO-IRANIANS, of the Parthian empire,
XVIII. 606.
INDONESIANS, Malay people, xv. 324.
INDORE, state, India, xn. 845.
INDO-SCYTHIA, XVIII. 599.
INDRA, ancient Hindu divinity, iv. 202;
xv. 90; xvii. 153.
INDRAGIRI, kingdom, Sumatra, xxil.
639-
INDRAMAYU, town, Java, xm. 606.
INDRAPURA, mountain, Sumatra, xxn.
638.
INDRE, department, France, xn. 846.
, river, France, Xiv. 806.
INDRE-ET-LOIRE, department, France,
xn. 846.
INDRIS, genus of femurs, xiv. 441.
INDUCTION, in algebra, I. 523.
, in philosophy, I. 797; xiv. 785,
789; Aristotle on, n. 516; Baconian
method of, III. 215; Socratic use of,
xxn. 236.
, Magnetic, XV. 224, 243, 250.
INDULGENCE, INDULGENCES, of Roman
Catholic Church, xn. 846; xvm. 487;
decree respecting, in council of Trent,
xxni. 550; Luther's opposition to,
xv. 72; sale of, xx. 326; Nicholas
V.'s, early printed books, xxni. 684.
INDULPH, or Indulf, king of Picts and
Scots, xvn. 570; xxi. 479.
INDUS, river, India, xn. 847, 732; iv.
21 ; xx. 107; xxn. 90; Alexander's
voyage down, I. 484.
INDUSTRIAL REFORMATORY SCHOOLS,
xx. 338.
INEDIA, or Starvation, vil. 208.
INERMIA, suborder of sponges, xxn.
423-
INERTIA, of matter, xv. 676; moment
of, iv. 288; xv. 732; in steam-engine,
xxn. 510; Clerk Maxwell on, xv. 748.
INFALLIBILITY, Papal, Dogma of (1870),
xxiv. no; xix. 158; xvn. 754; Leo
II. on, xiv. 449.
INFANCY, Diet in, VIL 200; period of,
xv. 778.
INFANT, in law, xin. i; i. 279; guardian
ship of, by the mother, xxiv. 641.
, Condition of, in limbo, xiv. 646.
, of Spain, title, xix. 738.
INFANTICIDE, xin. 3; ix. 481; xv. 780;
in China, v. 670; in India, IV. 211;
xn. 745; xv. 303; in Madagascar, xv.
173-
INFANTRY, of British army, n. 580 (see
also article Army throughout); tactical
management of, xxiv. 353.
INFECTION, in diseases, xv. 796; xvin.
401; organisms causing, xxi. 407;
XXII. 680; in the plague, XIX. 162.
INFERNO, Dante's, vi. 815.
INFINITE, INFINITESIMAL, in mathe
matics, xin. 13, 14.
-, The, as an implicit condition of
thought, xxni. 246; as an object of
religious thought, xxni. 246; idea of,
in Cousin's philosophy, vi. 526; in
Descartes' s, v. 144; in Hamilton's, XI.
418; in Locke's, XIV. 759; in Male-
branche's, v. 150; in Spinoza's, v. 155.
INFINITESIMAL CALCULUS, xin. 5; xv.
630; xvi. 19; Kepler on, xiv. 47.
INFINITY, in Zeno's paradoxes, xxiv.
778.
INFIRMARY, hospital, xn. 301.
INFLAMMATION, diseases, xvm. 398;
bronchitis, iv. 362; cystitis, xxiv. 188;
erysipelas, vin. 531; xvm. 398; men
ingitis, XVI. n ; ostitis, xxn. 685;
otitis, vn. 594; peritonitis, XVlll. 547;
phlebitis, xxil. 684; pneumonia, XIX.
249. See also XL 554, and articles
Ophthalmology and Throat Diseases.
INFLEXIBLE, British warship, xvn. 286.
INFLEXION, of Aryan words, xvm. 789.
INFLORESCENCE, in plants, iv. 121.
INFLUENZA, disease, xm. 73; in Poly
nesia, xix. 422; of the horse, xxiv.
203.
INFORMATION, in law, xm. 73.
INFUSORIA, or Protozoa, xix. 830;
skeletal structures of, xxn. 106.
ING^EVONES, ancient Germanic tribe, X.
473-
INGAUNI, Ligurian tribe, Italy, xm.
446; xiv. 640.
INGE, Swedish king, XXIL 745.
INGEBORG, wife of Philip II. of France,
ix. 541.
INGELHEIM, Ober- and Nieder-, towns,
Germany, xm. 73.
INGEMANN, Bernhard Severin, Danish
poet and novelist, xm. 73; VIL 92.
ING EN A (Avraiiches), ancient town,
France, m. 157.
INGFANGTHEOF, Cinque Port privilege,
v. 787-
INGLEBOROUGH, mountain, England,
xxiv. 746.
INGLEFIELD, Sir Edward A., Arctic
explorer, xix. 322.
INGOLDSBY LEGENDS, by Barham, ill.
374-
INGOLSTADT, town, Bavaria, xm. 74;
university of, xxm. 842.
INGRASSIAS, John Philip, Sicilian
anatomist, I. 809.
INGRES, Jean Auguste Dominique,
French painter, xm. 74.
INGULPHUS, or Ingulf, English abbot,
xm. 76.
INCUR, river, Caucasus, v. 253.
224
I N H I N T
INHERITANCE, in law, xm. 77; in
relation to intestacy, XIII. 197; to
primogeniture, XIX. 733; Indian caste
law of, v. 191; in Roman law, xx.
674, 692, 706, 713; rules of, among
aboriginal tribes, xxm. 473.
, in animal-breeding, iv. 245. See
also Heredity.
, novel by Miss Ferrier, IX. 1 1 1.
INIA, genus of cetacean mammals, xv.
398.
INISHMURRAY, islet, Sligo, Ireland, xxn.
159.
INISHTURK, island, Ireland, xv. 650.
INISPATRICK, island, Ireland, vn.
495-
INITIALS, Book, xxm. 686, 696.
INJECTIO, Manus, in Roman law, xx.
684.
INJECTOR, for steam boilers, xxil.
500.
INJUNCTION, in law, xm. 78; in Roman
law, xx. 709.
INJURIES, Bodily, xxn. 680; physio
logical repair of, xvin. 363.
INK, xm. 79; lithographic, xiv. 698;
printing, xxm. 708.
INKPEN BEACON, xxiv. 593.
INK-SAC, of cuttlefish, vi. 736.
INLAYING, method of ornamentation,
xm. 81.
INN, river, tributary of Danube, vin.
213; xxn. 776.
INNERLEITHEN, town, Scotland, xvm.
452.
INNER TEMPLE, legal society, London,
xm. 87, 89.
INNISFALLEN, island and monastery,
Ireland, xiv. 52, 76.
INNKEEPERS, Law relating to, xm. 81.
INNKEEPERS' LIEN, in law, xiv. 570.
INNOCENT I., pope, xm. 82; xix.
491.
II., pope, xm. 82; xix. 500; xx.
792.
III., pope, xm. 82, 474; xix. 500;
xx. 795.
IV., pope, xm. 84, 475; xx. 796.
- V., pope, xm. 84.
- VI., pope, xni. 84; xx. 801.
- VII., pope, xm. 84; xx. 804.
- VIII., pope, xm. 85; xx. 806.
IX., pope, xm. 85.
X., pope, xm. 85; xix. 506.
XI., pope, xm. 85; xix. 506.
XII., pope, xm. 85; xix. 506.
XIII., pope, xm. 86.
INNOCENTS, Massacre of the, by Herod,
xm. 661.
INNS, Law relating to, xm. 81.
, King's, legal school, Dublin, XIII.
90.
INNSBRUCK, or Innspruck, town, Tyrol,
Austria, Xlll. 86; its sculptures, XXI.
566; university of, xxm. 846.
INNS OF COURT, English legal societies,
XIII. 87; ill. 394.
INOCULATION, of cowpox, xxiv. 23; of
smallpox, XXIL 164.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, v. 467.
INOWRAZLAW, town, Prussia, xm. 91.
INQUEST, by recognition, in Anglo-
Norman law, xm. 784; coroner's, vi.
43i-
INQUIRY, judicial writ, xxiv. 696.
INQUISITION, of Roman Catholic Church,
Xlll. 91; XI. 736; xx. 629; establish
ment of, xvm. 430; establishment in
France, I. 487; relation of the Jesuits
to, xm. 650; application of torture
by, XXIII. 463; in time of Philip II.,
xvm. 744; under Pope Pius V., xix.
154; in Italy, xin. 482; in Portugal,
xix. 546; in Spain, ix. 82; xxn. 326,
329-
INSANE, Conolly's treatment of the, vi.
289; treatment of, at Gheel, Belgium,
x. 562; Tuke's treatment of, xxm.
604; weight of brain in the, I. 879.
INSANITY, xm. 95; Warren's definition
of, xxiv. 373; law relating to, xm.
in; in medical jurisprudence, xv.
780; in relation to crime, VI. 584.
INSAR, town, Russia, xvin. 515.
INSCRIPTIONS, Ancient, xm. 114; on
coins, xvn. 633; Indian (numerals),
XVII. 626; Javanese, XIII. 609; Latin,
Xiv. 328; Ogam, v. 306; at Behistun,
Persia, ill. 509; XVIII. 567; at Pompeii,
Xix. 450; on pottery, xix. 610, 616,
619; Roman, abbreviations in, I. 26;
Runic, xxi. 366, 370; Sabscan, XXIV.
739; in Yucatan, Central America,
xxiv. 759.
, Academy of, France, I. 76.
INSECTA, or Insects (q.v.), xm. 141.
INSECTIVORA, order of Mammalia, xv.
400.
INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS, xm. 134.
INSECTS, xm. 141; effect of climate on,
I. 86; hibernation of, XI. 789; mimicry
in, xvi. 342; olfactory organs of, xxil.
165; parasitic, xvm. 257, 259; wings
of, ix. 314; of Himalayas, XI. 834; in
India, XII. 743; Bonnet's observations
on, iv. 35; Swammerdam's collection
- of, xxn. 730.
INSILAH, town, Tuat oasis, Africa, xvn.
695.
INSOLATION, or Sunstroke, xxn. 666.
INSOMNIA, disease, xxn. 157.
INSPIRATION, Theological doctrine of,
XIII. 154; II. 191; as held by Philo,
v. 4; xvm. 760; Plato's doctrine of,
XIX. 197.
, of the breath, xx. 477.
INSTADT, suburb of Passau, Bavaria,
xvin. 344.
INSTANTIUS, Spanish theologian, xix.
746.
INSTAURATIO MAGNA, Bacon's work,
III. 210.
INSTERBURG, town, Prussia, xm. 157.
INSTINCT, xm. 157; transmission of,
xxiv. 819; of ants, II. 95; of bees, in.
488; Stoic doctrine of, xxn. 567.
INSTINCTIVE APPETITES, in psycho
logy, xx. 73.
INSTITUTE OF FRANCE, xm. 160; ix.
514.
INSTITUTE OF THE LAW OF SCOTLAND,
Erskine's, vin. 529.
INSTITUTES, scientific and literary
societies, xxn. 221.
, of Gaius, x. 1 6.
, of Justinian, xin. 794.
— OF THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION,
Calvin's, iv. 716.
OF METAPHYSICS, Ferrier's, ix.
OF THEOLOGY, by Chalmers, v.
377-
MAN,
INSTITUTION OF A CHRISTIAN
n. 654.
INSTITUTION OF NAVAL ARCHITECTS,
London, XXI. 809.
INSTITUTIONS, Divine, Lactantius's,
xiv. 195.
OF THE LAW OF SCOTLAND,
Stair's, XXII. 446.
INSTITUTIO ORATORIA, of Quintilian,
xx. 187.
INSTITUZIONI ANALITICHE, by Madame
Agnesi, I. 284.
INSTRUMENTATION, in music, xvn. 98.
INSTRUMENTS, Musical, their origin,
xvn. 77.
INSUBRES, Gallic tribe, Italy, xm.
446.
INSULA BATAVORUM, ancient Holland,
xn. 69.
INSULATOR, Telegraphic, xxm. 113.
INSURANCE, xin. 161; implied warranty
in contract of, XXIV. 373; life, post-
ofBce, XIX. 574; life, in annuities, n.
72; marine, average, in. 145; marine,
first use of, in. 367; marine, Lloyd's,
xiv. 741.
INTAGLIO, incised engraving, iv. 738;
x. 136 ; the grandest Roman extant,
in. 614.
INTEGRAL CALCULUS, xin. 11, 33.
INTEGRIPALLIA, suborder of Mollusca,
xvi. 685.
INTELLECTION, in psychology, xx. 75.
INTELLECTUAL FEELINGS, xx. 69.
INTELLIGENCE, in military tactics,
xxiv. 363.
INTELLIGENCER, newspaper, xvn. 414.
INTEMELII, Ligurian tribe, Italy, xm.
446; xiv. 640.
INTEMPERANCE, vn. 481; laws relating
to, xiv. 688.
INTENSITY, in music, xvn. 106.
INTERAMNA (Terni), ancient town,
Italy, xxm. 190.
INTERCESSIONS, in the litany, xiv.
696.
INTERDICT, Papal, xm. 188.
— , in Roman law, xx. 709; in Scots
law, xm. 1 88.
I N T— I R E
225
INTERDICTION, in Scots law, xin.
1 88.
INTEREST, in law, xm. 188; calculation
of, II. 536; in economics, XXIV. 49; in
relation to usury, XXIV. 18 ; rate of,
charged by Bank of England, ill. 330;
on bills of exchange, Vlll. 791.
INTERIMISTIC CONTROVERSY, of council
of Trent, xxin. 546.
INTERLAKEN, or Interlachen, town,
Switzerland, xin. 188.
INTERLUDES, Dramatic, vn. 415 ; in
time of Shakespeare, XXI. 750.
INTERMENT, Kites of, ix. 824.
INTERMEZZO, in music, xvn. 94.
INTERMITTENT FEVER, ix. 126.
INTERNATIONAL, working men's associ
ation, xm. 189; xxii. 214.
CONTRACTS, or Treaties, xxin.
530-
COPYRIGHT, vi. 363.
EXHIBITIONS, vm. 803; London
(1851), origination of, I. 452.
INTERNATIONALISM, European, vm.
719.
INTERNATIONAL LAW, xin. 190; xxii.
471; under the church, v. 20; in
relation to marriage, XV. 568; Gen-
tili's contributions to, x. 161. See
also article Treaties.
INTERNATIONAL POSTAL CONGRESS,
xix. 583.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTER, of tonnage,
xxiii. 442.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE, Cairnes's
theory of, xix. 382.
INTEROCREA (Antrodoco), Sabine town,
Italy, xxi. 129.
INTERPLEADER, in English law, xm.
197.
INTERPRETATION, Biblical, XL 741.
INTERVALS, Musical, xvn. 78, 103.
INTERVENTION, Political, xm. 192.
INTESTACY, in law, xm. 197; in Roman
law, xx. 691, 702, 714.
INTESTINES, Anatomy of the, vn. 225;
xvn. 668; of birds, in. 726; of fishes,
XII. 655; of mammals, XV. 362; of
reptiles, xx. 457.
INTILENE, ancient district, Asia, xiv.
159.
INTIMIDATION, in law, xxin. 500.
INTOXICANTS, vn. 482.
INTOXICATION, or Drunkenness (q.v.),
vn. 481.
INTRA, town, Italy, xv. 198.
INTUITION, in psychology, xx. 55.
INTUITIONAL ETHICS, vm. 603.
INUUS LUPERCUS, Roman god, xv.
66, 570.
INVALIDE RUSSE, St Petersburg news
paper, xvii. 430.
INVENTIONS, Remarkable, in chrono
logical table, v. 720 ; patents for,
xvm. 354.
INVERARAY, town, Scotland, xm. 198.
INVERGORDON, town, Scotland, xx. 854.
INVERLOCHY, Scotland, Battle of
(1645), xvi. 796.
INVERNESS, county, Scotland, xm. 199;
area and population, xxi. 528 ; re
presentation, xxm. 727; town, xm.
200.
INVERTEBRATA, their nervous system,
xix. 30; skeleton of, xxii. 106.
INVESTITURE, in feudal law, xm. 201;
question of, between emperors and
popes, xvm. 339; xix. 499; xx. 791;
war of investitures, x. 488 ; xm.
471.
INVESTMENTS, under trust, xxm. 598.
INVOCATION, of saints, xxi. 155.
INVOCATIONS, in the litany, xiv. 696.
INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES, i. 856.
INVOLUTION, in algebra, I. 526; in
projective geometry, X. 401; XIX. 795.
lo, in Greek mythology, xm. 202.
-, dialogue of Plato, xix. 197.
IODIDES, v. 496; of mercury, xvi. 34;
of methyl, XVI. 196; of potassium,
xix. 592; of silver, xxn. 72.
IODINE, chemical element, Xin. 202;
v. 490, 496; made from kelp, Xiv. 30;
temperature of vapour, xx. 131; Gay-
Lussac's observations on, X. 123.
IODITE, mineral, XVI. 384.
lOL, town, Mauretania, Africa, XV. 637.
IOLCUS, Vale of, Thessaly, xxm. 299.
lOLITE, mineral, XVI. 418.
IOLO MORGANWG (Edward Williams),
Welsh writer, v. 314.
ION, of Chios, Greek poet, XIII. 203;
xxi. 466.
, Euripides's play, vm. 676.
IONA, island, Scotland, xm. 203 ;
monastery of, VI. 167; XVI. 706; XXI.
474-
IONIA, district, Asia Minor, xm. 204;
XI. 98; cities of, xm. 204; revolts
against Persia, xvm. 570, 573, 579;
coins of, xvn. 634, 646.
IONIAN ISLANDS, Greece, xm. 205.
IONIANS, Greek people, XL 90.
IONIC ARCHITECTURE, n. 405; Roman,
11.417.
IONIC DIALECT, of Greek, XL 134; in
Homer, XII. 113.
IONS, in electrolysis, vm. 108.
IOWA, State, U.S.A., xm. 207; popula
tion, xxm. 802.
CITY, town, Iowa, U.S.A., xm.
209.
IOXIDS, of Greek legend, xxm. 294.
IPALNEMOAN, Mexican deity, xvi. 211.
IPECACUANHA, plant and drug, xm.
210.
IPEK, town, Albania, Turkey, xm. 211.
IPETUMODU, town, West Africa, XXI V.
754-
IPHIANASSA, of Greek legend, xm. 211.
IPHICRATES, Athenian general, xm.
211.
IPHIGENEIA, of Greek legend, xm. 211;
xvn. 827.
IPHIGENIA, Euripides's plays, vm. 676,
677.
IPHIGENIE, Gluck's opera, x. 694.
, Racine's drama, xx. 207.
IPOMOZA BATATAS, vegetable, xix. 596.
IPSAMBUL (Abu-Simbel), town, Nubia,
II. 388; I. 61.
IPSARIO, mountain, Thasos, Greece,
xxm. 222.
IPSWICH, town, England, xm.2i2; xxn.
622.
, town, Queensland, Australia, xm.
IQUIQUE, town, South America, xm.
213; xvm. 674.
IRAK ADJEMI, province, Persia, xm.
213.
IRAK ARABI, district, Syria, xm. 213;
xvi. 50.
IRAN, or Persia (q.v.\ xvm. 561.
IRANIAN LANGUAGES, xvm. 134, 653,
784.
IRANIAN LITERATURE, xvm. 653.
IRAWADI, river, Burmah, xm. 213.
IRBIT, town, Russia, xm. 214; xvm.
550.
IRCHESTER, Roman station, England,
xvii. 557.
IREC ET ENIDE, by Chrestien de Troyes,
v. 687.
IRELAND, xm. 214 (index, 272);
history of, xm. 243; invasion of, by
Edward Bruce, XX. 594; Cromwell's
settlement of, VI. 600; Fenians in, IX.
74; in time of Grattan, xi. 61 ; Norman
settlement in, xvn. 551; in time of
O'Conncll, xvn. 720; under Peel's
administration, xvm. 453; Petty's
survey of, xvm. 724; Pitt's policy to
wards, xix. 145; Raleigh's policy,
xx. 262; Reformation in, xx. 337;
Spenser's view of the state of, xxii.
393; under Lord Strafford, XXII. 585;
union with England (1801), vm. 362;
xiv. 854; xvm. 308; Gothic architec
ture in, II. 429; banking, in. 336;
Brehon law, IV. 252; ancient church,
v. 303; Episcopal Church, vm. 490;
Presbyterian Church, xix. 691; coal
measures, vi. 54; coins, xvn. 656;
fisheries, IX. 262; forests, IX. 399;
land laws in, Xiv. 269; law of land
lord and tenant (1881), xiv. 276;
statute law, xxn. 470; libraries, xiv.
513,523,542; mines, xvi. 467; ancient
mythology, v. 300; newspapers, xvn.
423; observatories, XVII. 710; peerage,
xvm. 466; police system, xix. 341;
population and representation, xxm.
727; early schools, v. 304; school
system, vn. 68 1; universities and
colleges, xxm. 855.
, Samuel, English writer, Xin. 272.
, Samuel William Henry, Shake
spearean forger, xin. 272.
IRELAND'S EYE, islet, Ireland, vn. 494;
xm. 216.
XXV. — 29
226
I R E — I S H
IREMEL, mountain, Russia, xxm. 717;
xxiv. 4.
IREN^US, bishop of Lyons, xin. 273;
on the canon of Scripture, v. 8; creed
of, VI. 559; letters of, xix. 489; on
the heresies of Cerinthus, v. 346; his
connexion with Polycarp, xix. 414.
IRENE, empress of the East, xm. 274.
IRENICUM, Stillingfleet's work. xxn.
55i-
IRETON, Henry, Parliamentary general,
xin. 275.
iRGHiz, town, Central Asia, XXIII.
627.
IRIARTE, Tomas de, Spanish poet, xni.
275.
IRIDIUM, chemical element, xin. 275;
v. 537; xvi. 383; xix. 189, 191.
IRIDOSMIUM, mineral, xvi. 383.
IRIS, in Greek mythology, xm. 276.
, of the human eye, I. 887; VIII.
821.
, plant, xm. 276; ix. 279; xii. 256;
xvin. 52.
, river, Asia Minor, II. 707; XIX.
459-
IRISH CHURCH, Early, v. 303 ; xm.
248; in time of Henry VIII. of Eng
land, xm. 262.
IRISH HISTORY, xm. 243.
IRISH LANGUAGE, v. 298; dictionaries
of, vii. 1 88.
IRISH MANUSCRIPTS, v. 305 ; xvm.
157-
IRISH MELODIES, Moore's, xvi. 806.
IRISH Moss, sea-weed, xm. 276 ; I.
508.
IRISH SOCIETY, of Londonderry, xiv.
852.
IRITIS, eye disease, xvn. 781.
IRKUTSK, government, Asiatic Russia,
xm. 276; xxi. 69; town, xm. 277;
XXII. II.
IRMINSUL, Saxon idol, v. 402; x. 478.
IRNERIUS, Italian jurist, xm. 277.
IRON, metal, xm. 278; xvi. 381; as
chemical element, v. 534; as building
material, iv. 447 ; electro-deposited,
VIII. 117; enamelling of, vm. 185;
used in nitration, IX. 169; fracture of,
xxn. 600; industry, in United States,
XXIII. 813; magnetization of, VIII. 75;
xv. 223, 256, 260 ; statistics of
manufacture, xm. 358; meteoric, xvi.
113; mines in Australia, ill. 109; in
Brazil, iv. 225; in France, IX. 522;
in Germany, x. 453; in India, Xii.
764; in Ireland, xm. 217; in Prussia,
XX. 15; in Russia, XXI. 85; in Silesia,
xxn. 53; in Missouri, U.S. A., xvi. 525;
in Pennsylvania, U.S.A., xvm. 502;
mining in United States, xxm. 811;
ores of, xvi. 58; as plant food, xix.
49; production of, xvi. 467; produc
tion in China, v. 634; production in
England and Wales, vm. 227; velocity
of sound in, I. 104; spectrum of, xxn.
377; strength of, xxn. 603; thera
peutic uses of, xm. 359.
IRON AGE, n. 122.
BRIDGES, iv. 334.
IRON-CLADS, ships of war, xvn. 284.
IRONDALE SPRINGS, West Virginia,
U.S.A., xxiv. 518.
IRON GATE, pass, Central Asia, xii. 3.
IRON GATES, on Danube, Roumania,
xxi. 14.
IRON MASK, Man in the, xm. 360.
IRON PERIOD, Remains of, n. 340.
IRON PYRITES, xx. 128.
IRONSANDS, iron ore, xm. 285, 287.
IRON SHIPS, xxi. 817.
IRONSIDES, Cromwell's soldiers, vi. 599.
IRONSTONE, mineral, x. 232.
IRONTON, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xm. 361.
IRON VIRGIN, of Nuremberg, xvn. 662.
IRON WATERS, xvi. 434.
IRON-WOOD, timber, xm. 361.
IRON-WORK, in architecture, II. 466;
xvi. 71.
I RON- WORKS, at Barrow-in-Furness,
England, m. 395; at Stafford,
England, xxn. 442; at Neviansk,
Russia, xvii. 369.
IROQUOIS, American Indians, I. 690;
xii. 827, 831; xvn. 454.
IRRADIATION, Phenomena of, in vision,
vm. 822.
IRRAWADDY (Irawadi), river, Burmah,
xm. 213.
IRRIGATION, xm. 362; by sewage,
XXI. 712; in Ceylon, v. 368; in Egypt,
vii. 707; 011 the Euphrates, vm. 669;
in India, xii. 754; in Madeira, XV.
178; of meadow land, in Scotland, I.
345, 349; in Spain, xxn. 299; works,
on the Cauvery, India, Xiv. 19.
IRRITATION, Broussais's medical theory
of, iv. 383; xv. 814.
IRTHING, river, England, xvn. 565.
IRTISH, river, Siberia, xxn. 5; xxi.
639; xxm. 429.
IRULAS, hill tribe, India, xvn. 509;
xxm. 42.
IRUN, town, Spain, xm. 370.
IRVINE, town, Scotland, xm. 370.
IRVING, Edward, Scottish theologian
and preacher, XIII. 370; V. 237.
, Washington, American writer,
Xin. 372; I. 723, 724.
IRVINGITES, religious sect, v. 237.
IRWAN (Erivan), town, Armenia, vm.
524.
IRWELL, river, England, xv. 459.
Is (Hit), ancient town, Syria, vm. 670;
xn. 24; xvi. 48.
ISAAC, of Scripture, xm. 374.
I., Comnenus, Byzantine emperor,
xm. 374.
II., Angelus, Byzantine emperor,
xm. 374.
of Antioch, Syriac writer, xxn. 829.
of Nineveh, Syriac writer, xxn.
836.
ISABELLA, the Catholic, queen of Cas
tile, xm. 375; ix. 81; xxn. 325.
II., of Spain, xxn. 345.
ISABEY, Jean Baptiste, French painter,
xm. 375.
ISACIDES (Rashi), Jewish rabbi, xx.
284.
Is^EUS, Attic orator, xm. 375.
ISAIAH, Old Testament prophet, xm.
377, 413; Xix. 818; contrasted with
Zephaniah, xxiv. 780.
— , Ascension and Visions of, apoca
lyptic book, n. 1 80.
ISAK, Somali tribes, Central Africa,
XXII. 256.
ISATIN, chemical derivative of indigo,
Xii. 844.
ISATIS, genus of plants, vn. 576.
ISAURIA, district, Asia Minor, xin. 384.
ISBARTA, town, Turkey in Asia, Xix.
130.
ISCANDERUN (Scanderoon), town, Asia
Minor, xxi. 366.
ISCARIOT, Judas, apostle, XIII. 760.
ISCA SlLURUM (Caerleon), Roman sta
tion, Momnouth, England, xvi. 754.
ISCHIA, island, Italy, xm. 385, 440;
xvn. 187, 188; mineral water of, xvi.
435-
ISCHL, spa, Austria, xm. 385; xvi.
434-
ISCHNOGALTER, genus of wasps, xxiv.
392-
ISE, Japan, place of pilgrimage, xm.
581; xix. 92.
ISEGHEM, town, Belgiiim, xm. 385.
ISELIN, Jakob C., Swiss historical writer,
xxn. 798.
ISENBURG, Counts of, German family,
xvn. 732.
ISER, river, Germany, VII. 825.
ISERE, department, France, Xin. 385;
river, xx. 528.
ISERINE, mineral, xvi. 386.
ISERLOHN, town, Prussia, xm. 385 ;
xxiv. 517.
ISERNIA, town, Italy, xm. 386.
ISEUM, Egypt, Temple of, vn. 768.
ISFAHAN (Ispahan, q.v.), town, Persia,
xin. 393.
ISHAK, Mohammed b., Arab historian,
xvi. 596; xxm. 2.
ISHIM, town, Siberia, XXIII. 430; river,
xxm. 429.
ISHMAEL, of Scripture, xm. 386.
ISHO BAR NON, Syriac writer, XXII
847-
ISHO-DADH, Syriac writer, XXII. 848.
ISHO-DENAH, Syriac writer, xxn. 845.
ISHO-YABH of Arzon, Syriac writer,
xxn. 838.
of Gedhala, Syriac writer, xxn.
842.
of Hedhaiyabh, Syriac writer, xxn.
BAR MALKON, Syriac writer, xxn.
852.
I S H — I T A
ISHO-ZEKHA, Syriac writer, xxn. 838.
ISHPEMING, town, Michigan, U.S.A.,
xin. 386.
ISHTIB, or Istib,town, European Turkey,
xiii. 433.
ISIACORUM PORTUS (Odessa), ancient
town, Russia, xvil. 726.
ISIDORUS HiSPALENSlS, or Isidore of
Seville, Spanish mediaeval writer, xin.
386; XV. 517; false decretals of, v.
17; xix. 496; his Etymologies, vm.
191.
ISIDORUS MERCATOR, compiler of col
lection of decretals, v. 17.
ISINGLASS, or Fish Glue, x. 134; from
the sturgeon, XXII. 612; adulterations
of, I. 171.
I SIS, Egyptian divinity, VII. 717; festival
of, at Busiris, xix. 91.
, river, England, xvm. 93; xxm.
220.
ISKANDARNAMA, or Book of Alexander
the Great, Nizami's poem, XVII. 522;
xvm. 657.
ISKANDER, ancient fortress, Merv, Asia,
xvi. 42.
BEY (Scanderbeg), Albanian
prince, XXI. 365; I. 225, 447; XXIII.
642.
ISKELIB, town, Asiatic Turkey, xin.
387-
ISKENDER BEG (Scanderbeg), Albanian
chief, xxi. 365; xxm. 642.
I SKI. MID (Ismid), town, Asiatic Turkey,
XIII. 388.
ISK.URIAH, town, Mingrelia, Russia, xvi.
437-
I SLA, Jose Francisco de, Spanish satirist,
xin. 387; xxii. 360.
— DE LEON (San Fernando), town,
Spain, XXI. 262; longitude reckoned
from observatory at, XVIL 262.
ISLAM, or Mohammedanism (q.v.), xvi.
553; XXII. 659; sacred banner of,
xxm. 643.
ISLAMABAD, town, Punjab, India, xin.
387-
— PORT, or Chittagong, town, Bengal,
India, V. 675.
ISLAY, island, Scotland, XIII. 387.
, town, Peru, xvm. 674.
ISLEBIA (Eisleben), ancient town, Ger
many, VII. 791.
ISLE-DE-FRANCE, old district of France,
xu. 702.
ISLEMNIYE (Sliven), town, East
Roumelia, xxn. 160.
ISLENDINGA, Shirk's work, XII. 625.
ISLE OF FRANCE (Mauritius), Indian
Ocean, xv. 639.
ISLE OF MAN, England, xv. 450; early
Irish invasion of,Xlll. 247; newspapers
of, xvn. 423.
ISLE OF PALMS, Wilson's poem, xxiv.
592.
ISLE OF PINES, Cuba, Atlantic, vi.
679.
ISLE OF PINES, New Caledonia, Pacific,
XVIL 376.
ISLE OF PORTLAND, Dorset, England,
xix. 530.
ISLE OF WIGHT, England, xxiv. 561.
ISLINGTON, district, London, xiv. 820.
ISMAELITES, or Assassins, Mohammedan
sect, II. 722; xvi. 593; xvn. 771.
ISMAIL, town, Roumania, xiii. 387.
— , khediveof Egypt, VII. 766.
— I., shah of Persia, xvm. 634.
II., of Persia, xvni. 637.
ISMAILIA, town, on Suez Canal, Egypt,
•VTTT -tQQ
xiii. 3°o-
-, town, Upper Egypt, Xiii.
ISMAILIANS, Ismailis, or Assassins,
Mohammedan sect, II. 722; xvi. 587,
593; xvn. 771.
ISMID, town, Asiatic Turkey, xin. 388;
xvil. 490; province, XXiil. 653.
ISNE (Esneh), town, Egypt, VII. 782;
Vlll. 547.
ISNIK, town, Asiatic Turkey, XVIL
476.
ISNIKMID (Ismid), town, Asiatic Turkey,
xiii. 388.
ISOBARIC MAPS, showing atmospheric
pressures, xvi. 139.
ISOCRATES, Attic orator, Xiii. 388;
xx. 509; xxii. 265.
ISOCYANIDES, in chemistry, v. 575.
ISODULCITE, variety of sugar, xx. 175.
ISOETE^:, group of plants, ix. 107.
I SOLA, Emma, friend of Charles Lamb,
xiv. 235.
— FARNESE, town, Italy, vm. 634.
ISOMASTIGODA, order of Protozoa, xix.
857.
ISOMERISM, in chemistry, v. 550; xxiv.
626.
ISOMORPHISM, in minerals, VI. 675 ;
XVI. 379; Mitscherlich's discovery of,
XVI. 531.
ISOMYA, order of Mollusca, xvi. 685.
ISONZO, river, Austria and Italy, ill.
117; xiii. 436.
ISOPERIMETRICAL FIGURES, of the
Bernoulli controversy, in. 605.
ISOPERIMETRY, Theorems on, xv.
643-
ISOPHTHALIC ACID, XVIII. 855.
ISOPLEURA, subclass of Mollusca, XVI.
641.
ISOPODA, group of crustaceans, vi. 658.
ISOPRENE, hydrocarbon oil, XII. 840.
ISOTHERMAL EXPANSION, of gases,
xxii. 481, 485.
ISOTHERMAL LINES, in meteorology,
xvi. 133, 135; xix. 244; Humboldt's
delineation of, xil. 344.
ISOTROPY, vii. 804 ; magnetic, xv.
243-
ISOTTA DEGLIA Am, mistress of
Sigismondo of Rimini, xx. 557.
ISPAHAN, town, Persia, xin. 393; xvm.
627, 628; bridge at, IV. 332; mosques,
xvi. 866.
ISPALIS (Seville), Roman town, Spain,
xxi. 708.
ISRAEL, People of, their history, xin.
396 ; v. 707 ; connexion with Baby
lon, xin. 379; in relation to Moab,
xvi. 535 ; their connexion with
Phoenicia, xvni. 807; in time of the
prophets, XIX. 815 ; priesthood in,
xix. 727; monotheism of, xxm. 239;
religion of, in. 634.
IN EGYPT, Handel's oratorio, XL
435-
ISSA (Lissa), island, Adriatic Sea, xiv.
695.
ISSACHAR, of Scripture, xin. 432.
ISSIK-KUL, lake, Central Asia, XIII.
432; xxi. 640; xxm. 633.
ISSIODURUM (Issoire), ancient town,
France, xin. 432.
ISSOIRE, town, France, xin. 432; xx.
120.
ISSOUDUN, town, France, XIII. 433.
ISSUS, Asia Minor, Battle of (333 B.C.),
I. 482; xv. 140; xvni. 582.
ISSY, Articles of, XI. 343.
IST^EVONES, ancient Germanic race, x.
473-
ISTAKHR, ancient town, Persia, xvni.
560, 607.
ISTALIF, town, Afghanistan, I. 230.
ISTANCHIO, or Stanchio, island, Asia
Minor, VI. 444.
ISTHMIAN GAMES, xin. 433; x. 65.
ISTIB, town, European Turkey, XIII.
433-
I STRIA, district, Austria, xin. 433.
ISTRIANORUM PORTUS (Odessa), ancient
town, Russia, xvn. 726.
ISTRIONES, in Roman drama, vn.
409.
ISTULA (Vistula), river, Russian Poland,
xix. 307.
ITA, town, Paraguay, xvni. 244.
ITALIA, ancient Italy, xin. 434, 443.
ITALIAN DRAMA, vn. 416.
ITALIAN LANGUAGE, xiii. 491; xiv.
340; xvni. 784; xx. 668; dictionaries
of, vn. 186.
ITALIAN LITERATURE, xin. 498.
ITALIAN MOUNTAIN, Colorado, U.S.A.,
vi. 161.
ITALIOTES, Greek settlers in ancient
Italy, XL 30.
ITALY, xin. 434 (including topography,
434 ; statistics, 448 ; history, 467 ;
language, 491; literature, 498; with
index, 516); the Carbonari in, v. 88;
French expedition to, under Charles
VIII., IX. 554; Guelfs and Ghibellines
in, XI. 244; Metternich's policy to
wards, xvi. 200; Napoleon's cam
paigns in (1795-7), ix. 609; xvn. 196;
invaded by Napoleon III., IX. 624;
revival of learning in, xx. 384; con
quest of, by Rome, xx. 739; connexion
of Spain with, xxn. 322, 327; struggles
for unity, v. 276; academies in, I. 70;
228
I T A — J A C
Gothic architecture, II. 434; army, n.
612; birds, XVlll. 17; coins, xvn.
636, 657; drama, vn. 416; forests, ix.
403; foundling hospitals, IX. 483;
ancient glass-making, X. 648; irriga
tion works, xill. 369; Jews in, XIII.
685; language, xin. 491; xiv. 340;
XVlll. 784; libraries, xiv. 512, 513,
528, 548; literature, XIII. 498; mines,
XVI. 468 ; mural paintings, early
Christian, xvn. 43; national debt,
XVII. 246; navy, xvn. 299; news
papers, xvn. 431; observatories, xvn.
713; oyster culture, xvm. 108; perio
dical literature, XVIII. 542 ; post-office,
xix. 583; prison system, xix. 761;
railways, XX. 251; weights and mea
sures, xxiv. 490; wine industry, xxiv.
609.
ITALY, Rogers's poem, xx. 622.
- , History of, Guicciardini's work, XI.
256.
ITAMARACA, town, Brazil, xvm. 551.
ITANGUA, town, Paraguay, xvm. 244.
ITASCA, lake, Minnesota, U.S.A., xvi.
475-
ITASY, lake, Madagascar, xv. 169.
ITATIAIOSSU, Pico do, mountain, Brazil,
IV. 222.
ITCH, skin disease, xvm. 270; xxil. 123.
iTCH-MlTE, arachnid, II. 275; xvi.
529; xvm. 270; xxii. 123.
ITELM, people, Kamchatka, Asia, xin.
832-
ITHACA, island, Greece, xin. 517, 205.
- , town, New York, U.S.A., xin. 517,
Cornell University at, xxm. 857.
ITHACIUS, bishop of Ossonuba, xix.
746.
ITHNA-ASHARIYA, Mohammedan sect,
XXII. 664.
ITHOBAL (Ethbaal), king of Tyre, xvm.
807.
- II., of Tyre, xvm. 808.
, festival, Greece, xvi. 52.
ITHON, river, Wales, xx. 217.
ITIL, ancient town of the Khazars, XIV.
59-
ITINERARIUM, Roman road-book, xin.
517; Antonine's, xvm. 437.
- SEPTENTRIONALE, Gordon's, x.
782.
ITIUS PORTUS, Caesar's point of em
barkation for Britain, XIII. 517.
ITSMIADSIN (Etchrniadzin), town, Russia,
VIIL 566.
IT'S NEVER TOO LATE TO MEND,
Reade's novel, xx. 303.
ITURBIDE, Augustiii tie, emperor of
Mexico, xm. 518; xvi. 219.
ITURUP, one of the Kurile Islands,
Asia, xiv. 1 60.
ITZEHOE, town, Holstein, Germany, xin.
518.
ITZLI, Mexican obsidian, xvn. 717.
IVAN I., grand-duke of Moscow, xin.
519; xxi. 91.
IVAN II., of Moscow, xin. 519; xxi.
91.
- III., the Great, of Moscow, xin.
519; xxi. 91.
IV., the Terrible, first czar of
Russia, xill. 519; xxi. 92; his mas
sacre of the Novgorodians, xvn.
608.
- V., of Russia, xin. 519; xxi. 97.
— VI., of Russia, Xin. 519; xxi.
IVANCICA, Mount, Croatia, vi. 591.
IVANOVO, or Ivanovo-Voznesensk, town,
Russia, xin. 520; xxi. 849; popula
tion, xxiv. 271.
IvigA, or Iviza, one of the Balearic
Islands, Mediterranean Sea, in. 278.
IVORY, xin. 520; carving of, v. 167;
Japanese, xin. 591; supply of, vin.
124; xv. 349.
— , Vegetable, Xin. 524; xvn. 664.
— , James, Scottish mathematician,
xin. 525.
COAST, West Africa, xin. 525; i.
269.
IVREA, town, Italy, xin. 525.
IVRY-LA-BATAILLE, town, France, xin.
525; battle of (1590), IX. 564.
IVRY-SUR-SEINE, town, France, Xill.
525; xxi. 624.
IVY, plant, xin. 526.
IXEUTICA, Oppian's poem, XV 1 1. 797.
IxiON, in Greek legend, Xill. 527.
IXMAL, town, Yucatan, xxiv. 758.
IXODID/E, or Ixodides, family of
Arachnida, XVI. 528; n. 276.
IXOLYTE, mineral, xvi. 428.
IXTACCIHUATL, mountain, Mexico, xvi.
215.
IYEMITSU, Shrine of, at Nikko, Japan,
xvn. 503.
IYEYASU, shogun, Japan, xin. 583 ;
tomb of, at Nikko, xvn. 503.
IYNX, genus of birds, xxiv. 698.
IYROE, ancient nomadic race, Russia,
xxi. 575.
IZABAL, lake, Guatemala, XL 239.
IZALCO, volcano, Central America, XXI.
268.
IZAMAL, Pyramid of, Yucatan, xxiv.
759-
IZGAUR, town, Russia, xvi. 437.
IZHEVSK, town, Russia, xxiv. 303.
IZHUATLAN (Orizaba), town, Mexico,
xvn. 845.
IZIASLAFF, prince of Kieff, Russia, XXI.
89.
IZYUM, town, Russia, xiv. 57.
Jthe tenth letter of the alphabet,
> xin. 528.
JAAFAR (Giafar), vi/ier of Haroun al-
Raschid, in. 377.
JAAK-TASH, river, Syr-Daria, Asia,
xxn. 818.
JABAL, of Scripture, xiv. 238.
JABALLAH, king of Ghassan, Arabia,
xvn. 481.
JABALPUR, district, Central India, xin.
528; town, xin. 529.
JABARITES, Moslem sect, xvi. 592.
JABIRU, bird, xin. 529.
JABLONSKI, Johanii Theodor, his
Allgemeines Lexicon, vin. 195.
JABNEEL, or Jabneh (Jamnia), town,
Palestine, xin. 563.
JABORANDI, plant and drug, xin. 529.
JACA, town, Spain, xin. 530.
JACAMAR, bird, xni. 531.
JACANA, bird, xin. 531.
JACARANDA, variety of wood, xx. 851.
JACARE, South-American alligator, vi.
594-
JACCETANI, ancient tribe, Spain, xin.
53i-
JACINTH, or Hyacinth, gem, x. 141.
•, or Hyacinth, plant, xn. 419.
JACKAL, carnivorous mammal, xin. 532;
xv. 438; its relation to the dog, vn.
324 ; emblem of the god Anubis, n.
146.
JACKDAW, bird, xin. 532.
JACKMAN, Charles, Arctic explorer, xix.
316.
JACK OF NEWBURY (JohnWinchcombe),
xvn. 375.
JACK-SNIPE, bird, xxn. 200.
JACKSON, town, Michigan, LT.S.A., xin.
533-
, town, Mississippi, U.S.A., xin.
533-
— , town, Tennessee, U.S.A., xill.
533; xxm. 178.
— , Andrew, president of the United
States, xin. 533; xxm. 760, 762,
764.
— , Thomas Jonathan (Stonewall
Jackson), American Confederate gene
ral, xill. 534; XXin. 777.
— , William, English musician, xin.
535-
JACKSONVILLE, town, Florida, LT.S.A.,
xin. 536.
, town, Illinois, LT.S.A., xin. 536.
JACOB, Hebrew patriarch, xin. 536.
- of Edessa, Syriac writer, xxil.
825,839.
of Nisibis, Syriac writer, xxn.
of Serugh, Syriac writer, xxn.
831.
-, Henry, English Independent, XII.
725.
— BAR SALIBI, bishop of Marash,
Syriac writer, xxn. 851.
BAR SHAKKO, bishop of Mai-
Matthew, Syriac writer, XXII. 852.
JACOBA, countess of Holland, xn. 72.
JACOBABAD, town, India, xin. 536;
xxm. 860.
JACOBI, Friedrich Heinrich, German
philosopher, xin. 536; x. 541; his
relation to rationalism, xx. 290.
j A C — J A M
JACOBI, Karl Gustav Jacob, German
mathematician, xm. 538, 67; on de
terminants, I. 516.
, Stephen Luchvig, discoverer of
artificial fish-breeding, xix. 127.
JACOBIANS, class of determinants, xm.
3i-
JACOBINA, department, Brazil, xxiv.
227.
JACOBIN CLUB, of French Revolution,
ix. 596, 600, 607; xx. 602.
JACOBITE CHURCH, or Jacobites, xm.
538; in. 56; vi. 354; XL 155; xxn.
842, 845, 848.
JACOBITES, in Scottish history, XIII.
561; xxi. 526.
JACOBS, Christian Friedrich Wilhelm,
German scholar, xm. 539.
JACOBSITE, mineral, xvi. 386.
JACOBSON, Louis L., on liirds, xvm.
20.
JACOPO DE' BARBARI, Venetian artist,
vii. 555, 556.
JACOPONE (Jacopo dei Benedetti), Italian
poet, xm. 500.
JACOTOT, Joseph, French educationist,
xm. 539; vii. 677.
JACQUARD, Joseph Marie, inventor of
silk-weaving loom, xm. 539; his
carpet machine, v. 130; his loom,
xxiv. 465.
JACQUELIN, countess of Holland, xn.
72.
JACQUERIE, revolt of peasantry, in
France, ix. 547.
JACQUIER, Fran9ois, on magnetism, xv.
236.
JACTITATION OF MARRIAGE, vii.
303-
JACULUS, genus of rodent mammals,
xm. 626.
JADE, precious stone, xm. 539; xvi.
417; of Burmah, IV. 552; of Turke
stan, xxin. 638.
JADEITE, mineral, xm. 540; xvi. 420.
JADWIGA, queen of Poland, xix. 288.
JAEN, province and town, Spain, xm.
541.
JAFAR KHAN, governor of Bengal, vi.
10; XII. 801.
JAFFA (Joppa), town, Palestine, xm,
746.
JAFFIER ALI KHAN, or Jafar Khan,
governor of Bengal, vi. 10; XII. 801.
JAFFNA, or Jaffnapatam, town, Ceylon,
xm. 541.
JAFFRAY, Alexander, Scottish Quaker,
xx. 152.
JAGADHRI, town, India, xm. 542.
JAGANNATH (Juggernaut), Hindu god
and temple, India, xvn. 845; XX. 115.
JAGATAI, Turkish dialect, xxin. 66 1.
JAGDISPUR, town, India, xxi. 735.
JAGERSFONTEIN, diamond mines, South
Africa, XVII. 813.
JAGHERS, Hendrickie, Rembrandt's
mistress, xx. 376.
JAGIC, Ignaz V., Bohemian philologist,
xxi. 691; xxn. 153.
JAGIELLO, prince of Lithuania, xix.
288.
JAGST, division, Wiirtemberg, xxiv.
700.
JAGUAR, carnivorous mammal, xm.
542; I. 682; xv. 435.
JAGUARON, town, Paraguay, xvm.
244.
JAH (Jehovah, q.v.\ of Scripture, xm.
619.
JAHAN, Shah, Mogul emperor, XII. 795;
XX. III.
JAHANABAD, town, India, xm. 542.
JAHANGIR, Mogul emperor, xn. 795.
JAHANGIRPUR, or Jangiptir, town, India,
xm. 564.
JAHN, Johann, German Orientalist and
Biblical critic, XIII. 542.
— , Otto, German philologist and art
critic, xm. 543; xx. 569.
JAIHUN (Oxus), river, Central Asia,
xvm. 101.
JAILS, xix. 747; Mrs Fry's reforms of,
ix. 804; Howard's, xil. 320.
JAINS, Indian sect, xm. 543; I. 59;
their religious system, xx. 360;
temples of, I. 423; n. 395.
JAINTIA HILLS, district, Assam, India,
xm. 544; xiv. 58.
JAIPAL, raja of Lahore, India, xv. 286.
JAIPUR (Jeypore), state, India, Xill. 688;
xx. 260; town, xm. 688; xvn. 845.
JAIS, town, India, xx. 222.
JAISALMIR, Rajput state, India, xm.
545; xx. 260.
JAISAMAND, artificial lake, India, xxm.
716.
JAJPUR, or Jajpore, town, India, xm.
545-
JAKOB, Ludwig Heinrich von, German
political economist, xm. 545.
, Therese A. L. von (Talvj), author
ess, wife of Dr E. Robinson, xx. 607.
JAKOBS ELV, river, Norway, xvn.
576.
JAKOBSHAVN, district, Greenland, XL
171.
JALALABAD, town, Afghanistan, i. 230.
JALALUDDIN, shah of Khwarizm, xm.
622.
— RUMI, Persian poet, xxi. 59.
JALANDHAR, district, India, xm. 545;
xx. 109; town, xm. 546.
— DOAB, India, xx. 107.
JALAP, drug, xm. 546.
JALA PA, town, Mexico, xm. 547; xvi.
214.
JALAPIN, resin, xm. 547.
JALAUN, district, India, xm. 547; town,
xm. 548.
JALNA, town, India, xm. 548.
JALOMITZA, river, Roumania, xxi. 14.
JALPAIGURI, district and town, India,
xm. 548.
JALPAITE, mineral, xvi. 392.
JAM, conserve of fruit, xm. 564.
JAMAICA, island, West Indies, xm. 548;
xxiv. 510.
— PEPPER, xix. 97.
— TOWN, Long Island, New York,
U.S.A., xiv. 866.
JAMAL BARIZ, mountains, Persia, xvm.
619.
JAMB, in architecture, n. 466.
JAMBI, kingdom, Sumatra, xxn. 639.
JAMES, St, the Lord's brother, xm. 552.
— , son of Alphams, xm. 552.
, son of Zebedee, xm. 552.
— , General Epistle of, xm. 553.
- I., king of Aragon, xvm. 450 ;
XXII. 317, 322.
— II., of Aragon, XXII. 323.
I., king of England (VI. of Scot
land), xm. 577; vm. 341, 343; xxi.
507 ; his patronage of Bacon, III.
204; his relations with Buckingham,
IV. 417; Coke's opposition to, VI. 120;
his rule in Ireland, xm. 265; parlia
ment under, xvm. 307; suppression
of Presbyterianism in Scotland by,
xix. 682; his relations with Raleigh,
xx. 263; his writings, xxi. 542.
II., of England, xm. 559 ; vm.
350; the Popish Plot under, xvn. 697;
his relations with Ireland, xm. 268 ;
with Scotland, XXI. 517; with Penn,
xvm. 496; with William of Orange,
xxiv. 579; a refugee in France, ix.
579-
— I., king of Scotland, xm. 555;
vm. 413; xxi. 491 ; as poet, xxi.
540.
- II., of Scotland, xm. 556; xxi.
493-
— III., of Scotland, xm. 556; xxi.
494-
— IV., of Scotland, XIII. 557
496.
- V., of Scotland, xm. 557
497-
— VI. and VII., of Scotland. See
James I. and II., of England.
— , king of Sicily, xxi I. 28.
-, Chevalier of St George, the Pre
tender, xm. 560 ; recognized as James
III. by Louis XIV., IX. 581.
— , George Payne Rainsford, English
novelist, xm. 561.
— , John Angell, English Independent
minister and author, xm. 561.
— , Thomas, Arctic explorer, xix.
— CITY, Virginia, U.S.A., xxiv. 260.
JAMESON, Anna, English writer, xm.
562.
, or Jamesone, George, Scottish
painter, xm. 563.
— , Robert, Scottish naturalist, xm.
563.
JAMESONITE, mineral, xvi. 394.
JAMESTOWN, town, New York, U.S.A.,
xm. 563.
230
J A M — J A Y
JAMESTOWN, town, St Helena, Atlantic
Ocean, XXI. 171.
JAMES TOWN, Virginia, Founding of
(1607), xxn. 175; xxiii. 729; first
English settlement, xxiv. 260.
JAMESTOWN WEED, plant, xvn. 231.
JAMI, Nuruddin Abdurrahman ibn
Ahmed, Persian poet, xin. 563; xvm.
659.
JAMIESON, John, Scottish lexicographer,
XIII. 563.
JAMNIA, town, Palestine, xin. 563.
JAMNITZER, Wenzel, German metal
worker, xix. 184.
JAMRUD, fort, Punjab, India, xin. 564.
JAMS AND JELLIES, xin. 564.
JAMU, town, India, xin. 564; district,
XIV. 10.
JAMUNA (Jumna), river, India, xin.
773; XX. 261.
JAN, G., his classification of snakes,
xx. 440.
JANE EYRE, Charlotte Bronte's novel,
iv. 365.
JANESVILLE, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
xm. 564; population, xxiv. 617.
JANGIPUR, town, India, xm. 564.
JANIBEG KHAN, Mongol chief, xvi.
747-
JANICKI, Clement, Polish Latin poet,
xix. 300.
JANICULAN HILL, Rome, xx. 807.
JANIK, province, Asiatic Turkey, xxiii.
653-
JANIN, Jules Gabriel, French critic,
xin. 564; IX. 678, 679
JANINA, town, Albania, Turkey, xin.
565; xxiii. 653.
JANISSARIES, Ottoman troops, n. 617;
xi. 120, 123; xxiii. 641, 642, 644,
645; revolt of, xxiii. 648, 650; sup
pression of, xxiii. 650.
JAN MAVEN ISLAND, Norwegian Sea,
xvil. 592; seal fisheries of, xxi. 582.
JANN^EUS, Alexander, Jewish high
priest, xm. 423.
J ANN ART, Jacques, friend of La Fon
taine, xiv. 204.
JANOFF, town, Russian Poland, xxn.
37-
JANSEN, Cornelius, Dutch theologian,
xm. 565.
— , or Janssen, Cornelius, Dutch
painter, xin. 567.
— , Kristoffer, Norwegian poet and
novelist, XVII. 591.
-, Zacharias, his relation to invention
of the telescope, XXIII. 136.
JANSENISM, religious movement in
France, XIII. 566; Xix. 507; relations
of the Pascal family to, xvm. 334.
JANSENISTS, of Port Royal, ix. 573,
578; xiv. 867; Xix. 533; as educa
tionists, VII. 675; their influence on
French literature, IX. 66 1.
JANSENIUS (Jansen), Cornelius, Dutch
theologian, XIII. 565.
JANSONIUS, Jacobus, Dutch theologian,
xm. 566.
JANSSEN, or Jansen, Cornelius, Dutch
painter, xm. 567.
JANSSENS, or Jansens, Victor Honoring,
Flemish painter, xm. 568.
VAN NUYSSEN, Abraham, Flemish
painter, xin. 568.
JANTHINA, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
651.
JANUARIUS, St, xin. 568.
, Cathedral of, at Naples, xvil. 189.
CANDIDATUS, Syriac writer, xxn.
841.
JANUARY, month, xin. 568.
JANUS, Roman god, xm. 568.
JUNIUS (John Toland), English
deist, xxiii. 434.
JAPAN, country, Asia, xin. 569; n. 687;
invasion of China by, v. 649 ; of Corea
by (1597), vi. 394; Siebold's explora
tions of, xxii. 36; coins of, XVIL 661;
forests, IX. 405; language, xxiv. 3;
libraries, xiv. 534, 549; mines, xvi.
469; Christian missions to, xvi. 517;
Jesuit missions to, xm. 652; Xavier's
mission to, XXIV. 717; national debt,
xvil. 247; pilgrimages in, xix. 92;
pottery and porcelain, xix. 635; rail
ways, XX. 252; religion, XX. 363:
Roman Catholic Church in, xix. 810;
silk culture, xxn. 56; weights and
measures, xxiv. 490.
, Kaempfer's History of, xin. 8 1 6.
— , Sea of, xvm. 1 1 6.
JAPANESE ART, xin. 588.
JAPANESE DRAMA, vn. 402.
JAPANESE LACQUER WORK, xiv. 194;
varnish, xxiv. 92.
JAPANESE LANGUAGE, xin. 585; xxiv.
3; dictionaries of, vn. 192.
JAPANESE LITERATURE, xin. 586.
JAPANESE WAX, xxiv. 459.
JAPANNING, industrial art, xin. 592.
JAPARA, town, Java, xm. 606.
JAPHETH, of Scripture, xm. 593; xvn.
523-
JARAHI, river, Persia, xvm. 620.
JARALES, bush-growing regions, Spain,
xxn. 297.
JARAMA, affluent of Tagus, Spain, xxm.
°^>.
JAR-CONNAUGHT, district, Gal way,
Ireland, x. 55.
JARDIN DES PLANTES, Paris, xvm.
281.
JARDINE, Sir William, his illustrations
of birds, xvm. 13, 16, 18.
JARL, in early Scandinavian society,
xvn. 529; xxn. 744.
JARNAC, town, France, xin. 593.
JAROMIERZ, town, Bohemia, xm. 593
JAROSITE, mineral, xvi. 402.
JARRAH WOOD, Australian tree, xm.
593; xxiv. 508.
JARRING, Effects of, on magnetization,
xv. 268.
JARROW-ON-TYNE, town, England,
xm. 593; monastery of, in. 481.
J ARSON, John de (Gerson), chancellor of
university of Paris, X. 549.
JASCHI (Jassy), town, Rouinania, xin.
596; xxi. 16.
JASHAR, Donaldson's work, vn. 358.
— , Book of, XL 598; xm. 408.
JASHPUR, state, India, xm. 594 ; v.
768.
JASMIN, Jacques, French poet, xm. 594.
JASMINE, plant, xin. 594.
JASMUND, district, Riigen, Prussia, xxi.
56.
JASNO GURA, Poland, Monastery of, VI.
754-
JASON, of Greek mythology, xm. 596;
11.496; xv. 776; romances concerning,
xx. 640.
JASPER, precious stone, xm. 596; xvi.
339-
JASSY, town, Roumania, xm. 596; xxi.
1 6.
JASZ-BERENY, town, Hungary, xm.
597-
JATIVA, town, Spain, xm. 597.
JATS, race of people, India, xm. 597; i.
235; xil. 746, 789; identification of,
with the Gipsies, x. 617.
JAUBERT, Pierre AmedeeEmilien Probe,
French Orientalist, xm. 597.
JAUER, town, Prussia, xm. 598.
JAUHARV, Arabic lexicographer, xm.
598.
JAULNA (Jalna), town, India, xm. 548.
JAUNDICE, disease, xm. 598; as result
ing from vaccination, xxiv. 26.
JAUNPUR, district, India, xm. 599;
town, xm. 600.
JAUNSAR, division, India, VII. 33.
JAVA, island, Indian Archipelago, xm.
600; II. 687; XII. SiS; birds of, ill.
764; Buddhist ruins in, IV. 214; tea
culture, xxm. 98 ; weights and
measures, xxiv. 490.
— , Little (Bali), island, Eastern Archi
pelago, in. 281.
ALMOND OIL, xvn. 744.
JAVANESE LANGUAGE, xm. 606; xvm.
779-
JAVA SPARROW, xxiv. 463.
JAW, Anatomy of the, I. 825.
JAWARI, Indian millet, vn. 564.
JAWAROW, town, Austria, xin. 610.
JAXARTES (Syr-Daria), river, Asia,
xxn. 818; ix. 85; XL 822; xxm. 511,
512; in Ptolemy's geography, XX. 95.
JAY, bird, xm. 6 10.
, John, American statesman, xm.
611.
— , William,
English Dissenting
preacher and writer, xm. 612.
JAYADEVA, Hindu dramatist, xxi. 285.
JAYME (James I.), king of Aragon,
xvm. 450; xxii. 317, 322.
JAYNTIYA HILLS (Jaiutia Hills), district,
India, xiv. 58.
J A Y — J E S
231
JAY'S TREATY (1794), xxm. 755.
JEAN D' ANGELY, Saint, town, France,
XIII. 6l2.
JEANNE D'ARC (Joan of Arc), Maid of
Orleans, IX. 550; xin. 695.
JEAN PAUL (J. P. F. Richter, q.v.\
German humorist, XX. 546.
JEBAL, or Jibal (Irak Adjemi), province,
Persia, xm. 213.
JEBEIL, ancient town, Syria, xm. 613.
JEBEL, Balir al, headwaters of the Nile,
Africa, XVII. 505, 507.
AKHDAR, mountains, Arabia, n.
238, 255.
AKRA, mountain, Syria, xxn. 821.
AL-AKHDAR, district, Tripoli,
North Africa, XXIII. 575.
AL-TUR, the Sinai group of moun
tains, xxn. 88.
— ASEER, mountain, Arabia, II. 253.
EL-BARUK, mountain, Syria, XIV.
393-
— EL-Tm, mountain, Arabia, xxn.
QQ
OO.
— ES-SoDA, mountains, Fezzan,
Africa, IX. 128.
— JERMAK, mountain, Palestine,
xvni. 171.
JUDI, mountain, Kurdistan, XIV.
156.
KABKAB, mountain, Arabia, xv.
670.
KUNEISEH, mountain, Syria, xiv.
393-
MARRAH, mountain, Soudan,
Africa, XXII. 278.
— NEBI BARUH, mountain, Syria,
xiv. 394.
— TEIR, island, Red Sea, XX. 316.
ZUGUR, island, Red Sea, xx. 316.
JEBU ODE, town, West Africa, xxiv,
754-
JEDBURGH, town, Scotland, xm. 613;
xxi. 34.
JEDDAH, or Jiddah, town, Arabia, xm.
691; xx. 316.
JEDRZEJEWICZ, Dr, his observatory, at
Plonsk, Poland, XVII. 714.
JEENS, English line-engraver, vill. 443.
JEFFERSON, mountain, Oregon, U.S.A.,
xvn. 822; xxm. 800.
, Thomas, president of the United
States, xm. 613; xxm. 756; drafts
Declaration of Independence, xxm.
743; his political school, XXIII. 755;
as author, I. 721.
— CITY, town, Missouri, U.S.A., xm.
616; xvi. 526.
JEFFERSONITE, mineral, xvi. 416.
JEFFERSONVILLE, town, Indiana,
U.S.A., xm. 616; xv. 23.
JEFFREY, Francis, Scottish lawyer and
critic, xm. 616; on beauty, I. 223.
, Sarah, John Milton's mother, xvi.
324-
JEFFREYS, Lord, English judge, xin.
618; his bloody assize at Taunton,
xxm. 83; Baxter's encounter with, i
in. 456.
JEHOL, town, China, xin. 619.
JEHOVAH, divine name, xm. 619, 397,
409; I. 53; xix. 815; in the Psalms,
XX. 30; worship of, ill. 634.
, Servant of, in Isaiah, XIII. 382.
JEHOVISTIC NARRATIVE, in the Penta
teuch, i. 53; in. 637; xvin. 506.
JEHU, king of Israel, xin. 407.
JEJEEBHOY, Sir Jamsetjee, Indian
Parsee, xin. 619; xvni. 326.
JEJUNUM, Anatomy of the, vil. 226;
xvn. 668.
JELAL-ED-DIN RuMi, Persian poet, xm.
619; xxi. 59.
JELLACHICH, Joseph, governor or ban
of Croatia, in. 137; xn. 371.
JELLINGE, Jutland, Barrow at, in. 398.
JELLY, Elasticity of, VII. 80 1.
•, as conserve of fruit, Xlll. 564.
JELLY-FISH, Phosphorescence of, xvni.
814.
JELOEN, island, Norway, xvn. 576.
JEM, mythical Persian king, xin. 395.
— , Turkish pretender, xxm. 642.
JEMEZ, hot springs, New Mexico, U.S.A.,
xvn. 400.
JEMGALA, tribe, Lithuania, xiv. 702.
JEMMAPES, town, Belgium, xin. 620;
xvi. 761;. battle of (1792), IX. 605.
JEMTLAND, district, Sweden, xxn. 741.
JENA, town, Germany, xin. 620; xxi.
349; battle of (1806), XVII. 210; uni
versity of, xxm. 845.
JENATSCH, Georg, Swiss leader, xxiv.
45-
JENGHIZ KHAN, Mongol emperor, xin.
620; II. 699; XVI. 740; his conquest
of China, v. 627, 647; of Tibet, xiv.
5°3-
JENKINSON, Anthony, English envoy to
Persia, xvni. 636; resident in Russia,
xxi. 93.
, Charles, first earl of Liverpool,
xiv. 717.
-, Robert Banks, second earl of Liver
pool, xiv. 718.
JENKINS'S EAR, War of, between Eng
land and Spain, xxn. 339.
JENNAH, village, Arabia, xvn. 773.
JENNER, Edward, English physician,
xin. 622; xv. 815; his experiments
in vaccination, xxiv. 23.
JENNINGS, Sarah, duchess of Marl-
borough, xv. 553.
JENSEN, Christen, Norse writer, xvn.
589.
, Peter Andreas, Norwegian poet
and dramatist, xvn. 591.
JENSON, Nicolas, early German printer,
xxm. 689.
JENYNS, Soame, English writer, xin. 625.
JEPHTHAH, judge of Israel, xin. 625.
JERABUB, headquarters of Mohammedan
sect, Sahara, xxi. 151; xxm. 575.
JERASH (Gerasa), town, Palestine, x. 441.
JERBA, island, North Africa, x. 442;
xxm. 620.
JERBOA, rodent mammal, xin. 625; xv.
419; of Arabia, II. 243.
JERDAN, William, journalist, xin. 626.
JEREMIAH, Old Testament prophet,
xin. 626, 415; xix. 819.
•, Lamentations of, xiv. 240.
JEREMY, Epistle of, in Apocrypha, in.
405.
JEREZ DE LA FRONTERA, town, Spain,
xin. 629; wine of, xxiv. 607.
JEREZ DE LOS CABALLEROS, town,
Spain, xin. 629.
JERFALCON, bird, ix. 3.
JERICHAU, Jens Adolf, Danish sculptor,
xxi. 570.
JERICHO, town, Palestine, xin. 629.
JERNANG, resin, vn. 389.
JEROBOAM I., king of Israel, xin. 406.
II., of Israel, XIII. 408.
JEROME, St, early Christian writer, xin.
630; on the canon of Scripture, v. 1 1 ;
on the Catacombs, v. 207; his con
nexion with monachism, xvi. 702.
of Prague, Reformer and martyr,
xin. 631; xx. 322.
JERROLD, Douglas William, English
humorist, xin. 632.
JERSEY, Channel Islands, England, xin.
634; newspapers of, xvn. 423.
— CATTLE, i. 389.
— CITY, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.,
xin. 635; xvn. 397; population,
xxm. 822.
JERUBBAAL (Gideon), of Scripture, x.
589.
JERUN, island, Persian Gulf, xvn. 856.
JERUSALEM, town, Palestine, xin. 636;
under David, Xlll. 404; siege and
destruction of, by Titus, XIII. 428;
xxm. 420; capture of, by the cru
saders, VI. 626; Knights of St John in,
xxi. 174; Knights Templars driven
out of, XXIII. 161; establishment of
bishopric of, IV. 523; Holy Sepulchre
at, xxi. 670; mosques, xvi. 865;
Christian pilgrimages to, vi. 622; Xix.
93; temple of, xxm. 166; Nehemiah's
walls, xin. 640.
, province, Asiatic Turkey, xxm.
653-
ARTICHOKE, vegetable, xn. 283;
culture of, I. 369.
DELIVERED, Tasso's poem, xxm.
76.
JERVAULX ABBEY, Yorkshire, England,
xxiv. 749.
JERVIS, John, Earl St Vincent, English
admiral, xxi. 201.
JESI, town, Italy, xin. 644.
JESSAMINE, or Jasmine, plant, xin. 594.
JESSE, of Scripture, vi. 837.
, Edward, English naturalist, XIII.
644.
, John Heneage, English writer,
xin. 645.
232
J E S — J O H
JESSELMERE (Jaisalmir), state, India,
xiii. 545; xx. 260.
JESSE TREE, wood-carving, xxiv. 646.
JESSOR, or Jessore, district, India, xin.
645.
JESTERS, ix. 366.
JESUITESSES, order of nuns, xvi.
712.
JESUITS, or Company of Jesus, xin. 645;
institution of the order, XV 1 1 1. 430;
casuistry of the, v. 204; vin. 595;
xni. 651; as educationists, vn. 674;
in relation to Jansenism, XIII. 566;
contests with La Chalotais, XIV. 192;
their influence on the popedom, xix.
504; interference in Tong-King, xxill.
440; colleges of, in France, xxill.
846; missions of, xvi. 513; xix. 811;
missions to China, xx. 536; under
Pope Pius VI., XIX. 154; in Asia, II.
701; in Ireland, xin. 263; in Spain,
xxil. 341, 345; suppression of, by
Pope Clement XIV., v. 823; xix.
507 ; suppression of, in France, IX.
593-
JESUITS' BARK, or Cinchona Bark (q.v.),
v. 781.
JESUITS' TEA, or Mate, xv. 627; iv. 227.
JESUS, son of Sirach, xm. 672; Book of
Wisdom of, in Apocrypha, 1 1. 181.
, Company of, or Jesuits (q.v.), XIII.
645.
JESUS CHRIST, xm. 656; relation of
Christianity to, v. 689; St Paul's con
ception of, XVIII. 425; Hegel's view of,
xi. 613; Strauss's Life of, xxn. 592.
JESUS COLLEGE, Cambridge, iv. 731.
JESUS COLLEGE, Oxford, xvm. 97.
JET, mineral, xin. 672; xvi. 429.
JETHART JUSTICE, of Scottish proverb,
xin. 613.
JETSAM, in English law, ix. 342.
JETTIES, Eiver, xx. 577, 580; of the
Mississippi, xvi. 521.
JETTISON, maritime term, in. 146.
JEVONS, William Stanley, English econo
mist, XIX. 398.
JEW, The Wandering, xin. 673.
JEWEL, or Jewell, John, bishop of Salis
bury, XIII. 675.
JEWELLERY, xin. 675; filigree work, ix.
163; rings, xx. 560; terra-cotta, XXIII.
193; Etruscan, vni. 642; Indian, xn.
762.
JEWISH CHURCH, History of, by Stanley,
XXIL 451.
JEWISH LAW, Mishnah, xvi. 502; Tal
mud, xxill. 35; Mislmeh Torah of
Maimonides, xv. 295.
JEWISH LITERATURE, in. 635; xi. 597;
xin. 408; apocalyptic, n. 174; poet
ical, in. 638.
JEWISH PHILOSOPHY, in the Alex
andrian school, I. 500; xvin. 759.
JEWISH YEAR, v. 713.
JEWS, Ancient, their history, xin. 396;
dispersion of, XIII. 420, 429; ill ancient
Borne, xix. 488; xx. 727; their archi
tecture, n. 392; coins, xvii. 650.
JEWS, Modern, xin. 679; acclimatization
of, I. 88; casuistry among, v. 203; their
cosmogonies, VI. 447; fasting among,
ix. 45; feasts of, IX. 115; Mahzor of,
xv. 292; Mohammed's hostility to, xvi.
550, 557; their relations with Moham
medanism, xvi. 547, 550, 552, 555,
558; religion of, in. 634; xx. 361;
of Abyssinia, I. 63; IX. i; in Afghani
stan, I. 238; in Africa, I. 262; first
settlement in China, xin. 823; Khaza-
rian, xiv. 60; in Kussia, XXI. 79;
in Russian Poland, XIX. 309; in Spain,
xxn. 308, 326; expulsion from Spain,
IX. 82.
JEW'S HARP, or Jew's Trump, musical
instrument, xin. 688.
JEYPORE, state, India, xni. 688; xx.
260; town, xin. 688.
JEYSULMERE, state, India, xx. 260.
JEZEBEL, of Scripture, i. 420.
JEZIRA, or Jeziret Akur, Mesopotamia,
xvi. 48.
JEZREEL, town, Palestine, xin. 689;
plain, xvin. 171.
JHAJJAR, town, India, xx. 623.
JHALAWAR, state, India, xin. 689; xx.
260; district, xiv. 15.
JHANG, district, India, xni. 689; xx.
109; town, XIII. 690.
JHANSI, district and division, India,
xin. 690; xvn. 572; town, xin. 690.
JHARIJAS, tribe of Rajputs, India, vi.
731-
JHELUM, or Jhilam, district, India, xin.
690; town, xin. 691.
, river, India, xiv. 10; xx. 107; xxi.
735-
JHIND, state, India, xin. 691.
JHUNG, or Jhang, district, India, XIII.
689; xx. 109; town, XIII. 690.
JIB, of lifting crane, VI. 547.
JIBOA, river, Central America, XXI. 268.
JIDDAH, town, Arabia, xin. 691; xx.
316.
JlGAT (Dwaraka), town, India, VII. 567.
JIGGER, insect, ix. 301; xin. 150.
, mining machine, xvi. 464.
JIHLAVA (Iglau), town, Moravia, xn. 700.
JiHUN, river, Asia Minor, n. 708; v. 777.
JlLOLO, island, Indian Archipelago, Xin.
692.
JIMAMAYLAN, town, Philippine Islands,
xvin. 752.
JIMENES, or Ximenes, Francisco, Spanish
cardinal and statesman, xin. 693.
JINAS, prophets of the Jains, India, xni.
543-
JlND (Jhind), state, India, XIII. 691.
JIRECEK, Hermenegild and Joseph,
Bohemian writers, xxn. 153.
JlRJEH (Girgeh), town, Upper Egypt, x.
623.
JITOMIR (Zhitomir), town, Russia, xxiv.
784-
JIZAK, town, Syr-Daria, Asia, xxn. 821.
JMUD, tribe, Lithuania, xiv. 702.
Jo, image of Buddha, Tibet, xiv. 499.
JOACHIM, abbot of Floris, mystic, xin.
694; xvi. 317; xvn. 132.
I. and II., electors of Brandenburg,
xx. 4.
, George, Tyrolesc scholar, XX. 508
FREDERICK, elector of Branden
burg, XX. 5.
JOACHIMSTHAL, town, Bohemia, xin.
695; bismuth ores of, in. 792.
JOAL, town, Senegal, Africa, xxi. 660.
JOAN, legendary female pope, xin. 695.
of Arc, maid of Orleans, xni. 695;
vin. 321; ix. 550; her connexion with
Orleans, xvn. 849; at the siege of
Paris (1429), xvin. 290; tried for
witchcraft, XXIV. 623.
of Naples and Provence, xix. 878.
JOANES, or Juanes, Vicente, Spanish
painter, xni. 757.
JOANNA II., queen of Naples, xx. 805.
, wife of Philip I. of Spain, xvin.
743; xxn. 327.
HENRIQUEZ, wife of John II. of
Aragon, xxn. 324.
LA BELTRANEJA, daughter of
Henry IV. of Castile, xxn. 321, 325.
JOANNES, Presbyter, or Prester John,
xix. 714; i. 65; xvi. 745.
of Epiphaneia, Byzantine historian,
iv. 613.
- MASSILIENSIS, monk, v. 182.
JOANNINA (Janina), town, Albania, I.
448; xni. 565.
JOANNITIUS, Arabian physician, xv.
805.
JOAO, or John (q.v.), kings of Portugal,
XIII. 714.
JOASH, king of Judah, xni. 412.
JOB, Book of, xni. 697, 420; in. 639.
JOBISTES, in French literature, IX. 657.
JOBST, elector of Brandenburg, xx. 3;
xxn. 48; xxiv. 501.
JOB'S TEARS, plant and seeds, xin. 705.
JOCELINE, bishop of Wells, xxiv. 500.
JOCKEYS, in horse-races, xn. 198.
JOCULATORES, mediaeval minstrels, vn.
413; xvi. 479.
JODELLE, Stephen, French dramatist,
vn. 423; ix. 651; xx. 841.
JODHPUR, state and town, India, xm.
703; XX. 260; town, xni. 704.
JOEL, Book of, xni. 704.
JOGLAR, medieval minstrel, xvi. 479.
JOHANNA, island, Comores, Africa, vi.
220.
JOHANNESBURG, town, Transvaal, South
Africa, xxni. 518.
JOHANNISBERG WlNE, XXIV. 6ll.
JOHANNITE, mineral, xvi. 402.
JOHANSSON, Lars, Swedish poet, xxn.
755-
JOHN, the apostle, xin. 706; his con
nexion with the Fourth Gospel, X. 818;
with the Apocalypse, XX. 500.
H — J 0 H
233
JOHN, the Baptist, xill. 709; hisministry,
XIII. 662.
, St, of Nepomuk, patron saint of
Bohemia, xm. 718.
I., pope, xm. 709.
- II.-V., popes, xm. 710.
- VI., pope, xm. 710; xx. 783.
- VII., pope, Xin. 710.
- VIII., pope, xin. 710; xviil. 820;
xix. 497.
- IX., pope, xin. 710.
X.-XL, popes, xm. 710; xx.
787-
XII., pope, xm. 711; xix. 497;
xx. 788.
XIII., pope, xm. 711; xx. 789.
— XIV., pope, xni. 711.
— XV., pope, xm. 711; xx. 789.
. XVI.-XVIII., popes, xin. 711.
XIX., pope, xm. 711; xx. 790.
XXI., pope, xin. 711; xix. 556.
XXII., pope, xm. 712; xix. 501;
xx. 799; his contest with the Francis
cans, xvn. 717.
XXIII., pope, xin. 712; xix. 502;
xx. 804.
I. (Juan), king of Aragon, xm. 715;
xxii. 323.
II., of Aragon, XIII. 716; XXII.
324-
— (of Luxemburg), king of Bohemia,
III. 860; in Italy, xm. 477.
— I., duke of Brabant, XII. 90.
— , elector of Brandenburg, XX. 4.
I., king of Castile and Leon, xm.
716; XXII. 321.
II., of Castile and Leon, xm. 716;
xxn. 321.
, king of England, xm. 713; vm.
306; IX. 541; his proceedings in
Ireland, xm. 259; his contest with the
pope, xiv. 286.
I., king of France, xm. 714.
II., of France, xm. 714; ix. 546.
I., Greek emperor, xm. 712.
II.-V., Greek emperors, Xin.
7i3-
VI., Greek emperor, xm. 713;
xvm. 166.
VII., Greek emperor, xm. 713;
xvm. 165.
— (of Avennes), count of Holland, xn.
72.
I., Albert, king of Poland, Xix.
290.
— II., Casimir, of Poland, xm. 714;
xix. 294.
— III., Sobieski, of Poland, xm. 714;
xix. 295.
— (Joao) I., king of Portugal, Xin.
714; xix. 544.
— II., of Portugal, xm. 714; xix.
545-
-III., of Portugal, xm. 715; XIX.
545-
- IV., of Portugal, xm. 715; xix.
548.
JOHN V., of Portugal, xm. 715; xix.
549-
VI., of Portugal, xin. 715; xix.
552; his regency in Brazil, IV. 231.
— , king of Saxony, xm. 715; xxi.
356.
III., king of Sweden, xxn. 748.
— , Don, of Austria, xm. 716; xvm.
745; xxn. 329, 332; his mother, XX.
291; his intrigue to marry Mary,
queen of Scots, xvm. 525.
-, the Eunuch, Byzantine officer, xvi.
226.
, Friar (Joannes de Piano Carpini),
his mission to China, v. 132, 628.
, Prester, of mediaeval writers, XIX.
714; 1.65; xvi. 745.
of Antioch, at the council of
Ephesus (431), xvn. 356.
of Asia, Syriac writer, xxn. 835.
of Beth Garmai, Syriac writer,
XXII. 843.
of Damascus ( Joannes Damascenus),
Byzantine theologian, VI. 789; XI. 147.
of Dara, Syriac writer, XXII. 846.
of Douay, Italian sculptor, XXI.
569.
— of Dunstable, English musician,
xvii. 82.
— of Ephesus, Syriac writer, xxn.
835.
— of Florence (Giovanni de Marig-
nolli), Italian missionary, XV. 543; v.
628.
— of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, vm.
319, 327, 328; xiv. 255; xx. 541;
xxn. 320; his patronage of Wycliffe,
xxiv. 709.
— of Giscala, Jewish party leader,
xm. 427, 428.
— of Harran, Syriac writer, XXII. 851.
— of Leyden. (Bockhold), Dutch Ana
baptist, I. 787.
— of Maron, founder of the Maron-
ites, xv. 562; as Syriac writer, xxn.
848.
— of Montecorvino, archbishop of
Peking, v. 628; xvi. 742.
— of Mosul, Syriac writer, xxn. 855.
— of Nisibis, Syriac writer, xxn. 836.
— of Procida, Sicilian liberator, v.
— of Ravenna, his contest with Pope
Nicholas I., xvn. 483.
— of Rochelle, scholastic philosopher,
XXI. 427.
— of Salisbury, early English writer,
Xin. 718; xxi. 425.
of the Sedras, Syriac writer, xxn.
839-
, Apocalypse of, n. 179; xvi. 315.
, Epistles of, xm. 707; relation of
First Epistle to the Gospel, x. 828.
, Gospel of, x. 818; m. 643;
Bretschneider's views on, IV. 262.
- BAR APHTONYA, Syriac writer,
xxii. 833.
JOHN BAR CURSUS, Syriac writer, XXII.
833.
— BAR ZOBI, Syriac writer, xxn.
852.
— BULL, History of, by Arbuthnot,
II. 325.
— DE BRIENNE, king of Jerusalem,
xxm. 162.
DE CELL A, abbot of St Albans,
England, xx. 620.
— DORY, fish, vn. 374.
— FREDERICK, the Magnanimous,
elector of Saxony, xxi. 353.
— GEORGE, elector of Brandenburg,
xx. 5.
— GEORGE I., elector of Saxony, xxr.
354-
— SABHA, Syriac writer, xxn. 835.
SlGlSMUND, elector of Branden
burg, xx. 5.
— SWERKERSON, Swedish king, xxn.
745-
JOHNNY LUDLOW, tales by Mrs Henry
Wood, xxiv. 644.
JOHNSHAVEN, village, Scotland, xiv.
79-
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY AND
HOSPITAL, Baltimore, U.S.A., xv.
604; xxm. 857.
JOHNSON, Andrew, president of the
United States, Xin. 719 ; xxm.
781.
(Janssen), Cornelius, Dutch painter,
Xin. 567.
, Esther, Dean Swift's Stella, xxn.
763-
, Francis, English Independent, xn.
724.
, Robert, English musician, xvn.
87-
, Samuel, English essayist and
lexicographer, Xin. 719; his inter
course with Boswell, his biographer,
IV. 77; his relations with Burke, iv.
542; his dispute with Lord Chester
field, V. 607; on epitaphs, vm. 495;
on newspapers, xvn. 416; his influence
on English literature, vm. 428;
Boswell's ana of, I. 786.
JOHNSTON, Albert Sidney, American
general, xm. 730; xxm. 776.
-, Alexander Keith, Scottish geo
grapher, XIII. 730.
— , Cuthbert W., on goats, I. 399.
-, John, naturalist, XX. 433; on
birds, xvm. 4, 9.
, Joseph Eccleston, American Con
federate general, xxm. 777, 780.
JOHNSTONS, river, Queensland, xx.
172.
-, town, Scotland, xm. 730.
JOHNSTONUS, Johannes, on birds, xvm.
4, 9-
JOHNSTOWN, town,Pennsylvania,U.S. A.,
xm. 730.
JOHORE, state, Malay Peninsula, xm.
730; xv. 322.
XXV. - 30
234:
J 0 I — J 0 V
JOIGNY, town, France, xill. 731; popu
lation, xxiv. 746.
JOINERY, in building, iv. 485.
JOINT, in law, xm. 731.
JOINTS, in anatomy, I. 832; diseases of,
xxil. 685 ; injuries to, xxil. 682, 685.
, in building, IV. 462, 477, 479, 488.
, in mechanics, xill. 731.
, in rocks, x. 297.
JOINT STOCK BANKS, in. 322.
JOINT STOCK COMPANIES, vi. 221.
JOINVILLE, Jean de, French historian,
Xill. 733; IX. 646.
JOISTS, in carpentry, IV. 482.
JOKAI, Maurice, Hungarian novelist,
xn. 379.
JOKJOKARTA, town, Java, xni. 606.
JOKULL, mountains, Iceland, XII. 616.
JOLIBA, river, Africa, I. 253 ; xvn. 496.
JOLIET, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xm.
735-
JOLLY'S PYROMETER, xx. 131.
JOLO ARCHIPELAGO, Philippine Islands,
xvin. 752.
JOLOF, state, Senegambia, West Africa,
xxi. 663.
JOMELLI, Niccolo, Italian musician, xni.
736; xvn. 93.
JOMFRULAND, island, Norway, xvn.
576.
JOMINI, Baron, French military tactician,
xni. 736.
JOMMELLI, Niccolo,* Italian musical
composer, xni. 736; xvn. 93.
JON, Francois du (Junius), Huguenot
divine, xni. 778.
JONAH, Book of, xni. 736; in. 639;
Greek allusions to Jonah's story, xvin.
560.
, Rabbi, of Cordova, Jewish philo
logist, xni. 737.
JONAS, Justus, German Reformer, xni.
738.
, Runolphus, Icelandic grammarian,
XXI. 368.
JONATHAN, Targum of, xxin. 64.
, Brother, nickname for people of
United States, VI. 289; xxin. 592.
APPHUS (Maccaboeus), Jewish high
priest, xni. 422.
WILD, novel by Fielding, IX. 145.
JONES, Inigo, English architect, Xill.
738; II. 442.
, Sir John, on sapping and mining,
IX. 456.
— , John Paul (Paul Jones), naval ad
venturer, xni. 738; xxin. 744.
— , Owen (1741-1814), Welsh anti
quary, xni. 739; as patron of Welsh
literature, v. 314.
-, Owen (1809-1874), English art
decorator, xni. 739; on carpet-designs,
v. 131.
— , Richard, English economist, XIX.
377-
— , Sir William, English Orientalist,
XIII. 739.
JONES, William, English divine, xni.
740.
JONGLEURS, mediaeval minstrels, vn.
413; xix. 873.
JONKOPING, town, Sweden, xni. 740;
county, xxn. 741.
JONSON, Ben, English dramatist, xni.
741; vni. 421; his relation to Beau
mont and Fletcher, ill. 470; his influ
ence on English comedy, vn. 432; his
contention with Dekker, VI I. 38; at
Hawthornden, vn. 480; the London of,
XIV. 848; as writer of masques, XXIII.
225; as pastoral poet, xvin. 347;
on Shakespeare, xxi. 767.
JONSSON, Bo, Swedish noble, xxil. 746.
JOPLIN, town, Missouri, U.S.A., xni.
746.
JOPPA, town, Palestine, XIII. 746.
JORDAENS, Jacob, Flemish painter, Xin.
746.
JORDAN, river, Palestine, xni. 746;
xvin. 171.
, Camille, French politician, Xin.
747-
, Mrs, mistress of duke of Clarence
(William IV.), xxiv. 581.
JORDANES, historian of the Goths, xni.
7475 x. 847.
JORDANITE, mineral, xvi. 395.
JORDANS, English organ builders, xvn.
837.
JORIS, David, French Anabaptist, vi.
844.
JORNANDES (Jordancs), historian of the
Goths, XIII. 747; X. 847.
JORTIN, John, English theological writer,
xni. 749-
JORULLO, volcano, Mexico, I. 674.
JOSAPHAT AND BARLAAM, Sts, Legen
dary history of, ill. 375; xx. 636.
JOSCELINE, duke of Louvain, XVIII.
C22.
JOSEITE, mineral, XVI. 381.
JOSEPH, tribe of Israel, xni. 749.
— , husband of the Virgin Mary, xni.
749; XV. 590; genealogy of, xni. 660.
I., emperor, xni. 750.
II., emperor, XIII. 750; X. 504;
his reforms in Austria, III. 129.
, king of Portugal, xix. 550.
of Arimathea, in mediaeval romance,
XL 34; xx. 644.
of Exeter, romancist, xx. 638.
— of Hazza, Syriac writer, xxn. 838.
of Seleucia, Syriac writer, XXI I.
837.
ANDREWS, novel by Fielding, IX.
BONAPARTE, king of Spain, xxn.
344-
- DELORME (Sainte-Beuve, q.r.),
French critic, xxi. 162.
JOSEPHINE, wife of Napoleon I., xni.
751; her divorce, xvn. 215.
JOSEPHSTADT, part of Pesth, Hungary,
xvin. 691.
JOSEPHUS, Flavins, Jewish historian,
xni. 751, 427; his allusions to
Jesus Christ, xni. 658; on Phoenician
history, xvin. 807; on the topography
of Jerusalem, xxill. 169.
JOSHUA, of Scripture, xni. 752.
— , Jewish high priest, XXIV. 773.
— , the Stylite, Syriac writer, XXII.
832.
-, Book of, xvin. 505.
JOSIAH, king of Judah, xill. 753,
415.
JOSIKA, Miklos or Nicholas, Baron,
Hungarian novelist, xni. 753; xn.
379-
JOSSELIN, town, France, xvi. 813.
JOST, Isaak Mark us, German historical
writer, xni. 754.
— VAN DYKE, island, West Indies,
xxiv. 261.
JOUBERT, Joseph, French writer, IX.
672.
JOUFFROY, Tlu'odore Simon, French
philosopher, Xill. 754.
JOULE, James Prescott, his experiments
on heat, XL 557; in magnetism, xv.
253; on the molecules of gases, III. 39;
his law of the connexion of heat and
work, VIII. 14, 56, 208; XXII. 478,480.
JOURDAIN, Alfuiise, count of Toulouse,
xni. 755.
— DE BLAVES, romance, xx. 652.
JOURNAL, in hook-keeping, iv. 46.
— DE PARIS, newspaper, xvn. 425.
— DES DEBATS, Paris newspaper,
xvn. 425.
— DES SAVANTS, French periodical,
xvin. 539.
DES TREVOUX, French journal,
xvin. 539.
JOURNALISM, xvn. 412.
JOURNAL TO STELLA, by Dean Swift,
xxn. 763.
JOURNEYMAN HANDICRAFTS, xiv. 172.
JOURNEY TO THE HEBRIDES, by John
son, xni. 727.
JOURT, Kirghix, tent, XXIII. 183.
JOUSTS, single combats, XXIII. 489.
JOUVENET, Jean, French painter, XIII.
755-
Joux, Fort de, in the Jura, France, Xin.
782.
JOVE (Jupiter, q.v.), Roman god, xni.
779-
JOVELLANOS, oV Jove Llanos, Caspar
Melchor de, Spanish statesman and
writer, xni. 755; XIX. 387; XXIL
343, 36i.
— , Salvador, president of Paraguay,
xvin. 245.
JOVIANUS (Jovinianus), Roman monk
and heretic, Xin. 756; XVI. 703.
, Flavins Claudius, or Jovian, Roman
emperor, XIII. 755; XX. 779; in Persia,
xvin. 609.
JoviNIACUM (Joigny), ancient town,
France, xni. 731.
J O V — J U N
235
JOVINIANUS, Roman monk and heretic,
xin. 756; his warning against mona-
chism, xvi. 703.
Jovius, Paulus, Italian historian, Xill.
756. .
JOWARI (Sorghum), Indian grain, XVI.
321.
JOWF, or Jauf, district, Arabia, II. 239,
254; XXIV. 740.
JOYCE'S COUNTRY, district, Galway,
Ireland, x. 55.
JUAN (John) I., king of Aragon, Xill.
715-
II., of Aragon, XIII. 716.
I. -I I., kings of Castile and Leon,
xm. 716.
, Jorge, his Compendio de Nave-
gacion, xvn. 258.
JUANES, Vicente, Spanish painter, xm.
757-
JUAN FERNANDEZ, island, South Pacific,
xm. 757; v. 617; IX. 99; humming
birds of, ill. 745.
JUAREZ, Benito Pablo, president of
Mexico, xm. 758.
JUBA, river, Africa, I. 255.
- I.-IL, kings of Numidia, XIII. 759;
XVII. 627.
JUBAL, of Scripture, xiv. 238.
JUBBULPORE, district, India, XIII. 528;
town, xm. 529.
JUBE, in architecture, II. 466.
JUBEIL (Jebeil), ancient town, Syria,
xm. 613.
JUBILATE, Purcell's, xx. 113.
JUBILEE, or Jubile, Year of, in Israel,
xm. 759.
JUBILEES, Book of the, apocalyptic work,
II. 176.
JUBILEE YEAR, in Roman Catholic
Church, xm. 760.
JUCAR, river, Spain, xxiv. 33.
JUDAH, tribe of Israel, xm. 760, 400,
404; kingdom of, xm. 412; territory
of, xvm. 175.
JUDAISM, religion of the Jews, xx. 361;
its influence on Christianity, v. 693;
Hellenistic, xvm. 760 ; theism of,
xxill. 243; in Abyssinia, I. 262.
JUDAS, or Jude, St, xm. 761.
ISCARIOT, apostle, xm. 760;
legend of, xm. 674.
- MACCABEUS, Jewish leader, xv.
130; xm. 421.
- MACCABEUS, Handel's oratorio,
XL 436.
TREE, plant, xm. 761.
JUDD, Sylvester, American writer, I. 727.
JUDDAH (Jiddah), town, Arabia, xm. 691.
JUDE, St, of Scripture, xm. 761.
, Epistle of, xm. 761 ; its corre
spondence with 2 Peter, xvm. 698.
JUDGE, JUDGES, xm. 762; position and
functions of, XIV. 365; xv. 216; Eng
lish, as peers; xvm. 460, 467; pre
cedence of, xix. 662; prerogatives of,
xix. 673.
JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL, of British
army, n. 587.
JUDGES, Book of, xm. 763; its narrative,
xm. 400.
JUDGMENT, in law, xm. 764.
— , in logic, xiv. 788; analytic, I. 797;
Kant on, xm. 854; Locke on, xiv.
760.
JUDGMENTS OF THE SEA, xxi. 583.
JUDICATURE, XL 15.
ACTS, xm. 764; of 1873, n. 209.
JUDICES D ATI vi, Roman, xx. 789.
JUDICES DE CLERO, Roman, xx. 785.
JUDICIAL COSTUME, vi. 476.
JUDICIAL NOTICE, xvn. 597.
JUDICIAL PROCEDURE, in Roman law,
xx. 707, 711.
JUDICIAL TRIBUNALS, vi. 516.
JUDICIARY, of United States, xxm. 751.
JUDITH, wife of the emperor Louis I.,
xv. 1 6.
— , Book of, in Apocrypha, xm. 765;
n. 181.
JUDSON, Adoniram, American mission
ary, xm. 766.
JUEL, Jens, Danish painter, vn. 93.
JUF, valley, Sahara, Africa, xxi. 150.
JUGGERNAUT, or Jugannath, Indian god
and temple, xvn. 845; II. 397; XX.
115.
JUGGLERY, conjuring, xiv. 414.
JUGLANS, genus of trees, xxiv. 333.
JUGRA, town, Straits Settlements, Asia,
xxii. 587.
JUGURTHA, Numidian prince, xm. 766;
xvn. 627; his contest with Rome, xx.
758.
JUJUBE, tree and fruit, xm. 767: xv.
12.
JUKES, Joseph Beete, English geologist,
xm. 768.
FAMILY, example of atavism, vm.
615.
JULAVER, Persian usurper, xvm. 633.
JULE, son of Jenghiz Khan, xm. 622.
JULEK, town, Syr-Daria, Central Asia,
xxii. 819.
JULFA, suburb of Ispahan, Persia, xm.
394-
JULIA, wife of Pompey, xix. 451.
DOMNA, wife of emperor Severus,
xxi. 699.
JULIAN, the Apostate, Roman emperor,
xm. 768; xx. 779; as Neoplatonist,
xvil. 337; in Persia, xvm. 609; his
works at Paris, xvm. 287.
, Cardinal, crusader, xxm. 642.
— ALPS, I. 630.
CALENDAR, iv. 667, 670.
JULIANEHAAB, district, Greenland, xi.
170.
JULIANI, Pedro (Pope John XXL), xm.
711.
JULIANITE, mineral, xvi. 395.
JULIAN PERIOD, in chronology, v. 711.
JULIAN'S EDICT, in Roman law, xx.
704.
JULIAO, Portuguese chancellor, xix.
541.
JULICH, town, Prussia, xm. 770.
JiJLlCH-BERG, German duchies of, XX.
9-
JULIEN, Noel (Stanislas Aignen Julien),
French Orientalist, xm. 770.
JULIERS (Jiilich), town, Prussia, Xill.
770.
JULIOBONA (Lillebonne), ancient town,
France, xiv. 642.
JULISCO, state, Mexico, xvi. 214.
JULIUS I., pope, xm. 771; xix. 490.
- II., pope, xm. 771, 481; xx. 323;
his patronage of Michelangelo, xvi.
231.
- III., pope, Xill. 772; XIX. 504; his
relation to the council of Trent, xxm.
547-
— , duke of Brunswick, X. 529.
CAESAR, Roman dictator, iv. 633.
See Caesar.
CAPITOLINUS, Augustan historian,
m. 74.
CESAR, romance, xx. 639.
JULLUNDUR (Jalandhar), district, India,
xm. 545; town, xm. 546.
JULPIGOREE (Jalpaiguri), district and
town, India, xm. 548.
JULUS, genus of Myriapoda, xvn. 118.
JULY, month, xm. 772.
— , Revolution of (1830), France, IX.
619.
JUME, plant, Patagonia, xvm. 353.
JUMET, town, Belgium, xm. 772.
JUMIEGES, town, France, xm. 772.
JUMILLA, town, Spain, Xill. 772.
JUMMOO (Jamu), town, India, xm.
564.
JUMNA, river, India, xm. 773 ; xvn.
572.
JUMPER, mining implement, xvi. 444.
JUMPING HARE, of South Africa, xm.
626; xv. 415, 420.
JUMPING MOUSE, of Labrador, xm.
626.
JUNAGARH, state and town, India, xm.
773-
JUNE, month, xm. 773.
JUNG, Joachim, German naturalist, xx.
301.
— , Johann Heinrich (Heinrich Still
ing), German mystic, xm. 774.
JUNGARS, or Sungars, tribe of Kalmuk
Tartars, iv. 710; xvi. 746.
JUNG-BRESLAU (Inowrazlaw), town,
Prussia, XIII. 91.
JUNGERMANNIE^E, class of Liverworts,
XVIL 68, 69.
JUNGLACHE, town, Tibet, xxm. 340.
JUNG-LAM, road, Tibet, xxm. 342.
JUNGLE-ALMOND OIL, xvn. 744.
JUNGLE-FOWL, bird, IX. 492.
JUNGMANN, Joseph, Bohemian writer,
xxii. 152.
JUNIPER, tree, xm. 774 ; in U.S.A.,
xxm. 810.
236
N — K A H
JUNIUS, Franeiscus (1545-1602), Hugue
not divine, xm. 778.
— , Franciscus ( 1 589- 1 677), philologist,
xm. 778.
, Hadrianus, OH the invention of
printing, xxm. 689.
— , Letters of, Xlll. 775; IX. 697; xvn.
417.
JUNKERTHUM, Prussian squirearchy,
XX. 12.
JUNNAR, town, India, xix. 461.
JUNO, Koman goddess (the Greek Hera),
xm. 778; xi. 679.
, asteroid, n. 807.
JUNOT, Andoche, duke of Abrantes,
French general, xm. 779; xix. 551.
, Laure Pennon, duchess of
Abrantes, xm. 779.
JUNTA, The Holy, of Avila, Spain, xxn.
328.
JUPITER, Eoman god (the Greek Zeus),
xm. 779.
, planet, II. 776, 782, 808; measure
ments of, xvi. 250 ; parallax of,
xvili. 246; eclipses of the satellites
of, x. 35; xiv. 584; as affected In-
tidal friction, xxm. 379.
CAPITOLINUS, Temple of, at Rome,
xx. 824.
- PANHELLENIUS, Temple of, in
zEgina, I. 181.
— STATOR, Temple of, at Rome, II.
416; XX. 821.
JURA, department, France, XIII. 783.
, mountain range, France and Switz
erland, xm. 781; ix. 506.
-, island, Scotland, xm. 783.
JURASSIC ROCKS, geological system, x.
354-
JURIEU, Pierre, French Protestant
theologian, XIII. 783.
JURISDICTIONS, Heritable, in Scots law,
xi. 739.
JURISPRUDENCE, xiv. 354 ; in Roman
law, xx. 698, 703; contributions to,
by Savigny, xxi. 326 ; by Thibaut,
xxm. 301 ; by Zachariae, xxiv. 762;
Grotius's works on, xi. 220.
, Medical, xv. 778.
JURJANI, Fakhr-uddin A sad, Persian
poet, xvin. 657.
JURY, Trial by, xm. 783; xxm. 555;
origin of, vill. 298; in cases of libel,
xiv. 507; venue of, xxiv. 162.
Jus, in Roman law, XX. 670.
— CIVILE, in Roman law, xx. 678.
DEVOLUTIONS, old feudal custom,
in the Netherlands, ix. 575.
— GENTIUM, in Roman law, xx. 695.
- HONORARIUM, in Roman law, xx.
695.
— INTER GENTES, or International
Law, xm. 190.
— NATURALK, in Roman law, xx.
703-
JUSSIEU, De, family of French botanists
and naturalists, xm. 788.
JUSSIEU, Antoine Laurent de, French
botanist, xm. 788; his classification,
iv. 80; xvi. 838.
JUSTI, Johann H. G., German economist,
xix. 363.
JUSTICE, its administration in primitive
communities, vin. 624; the king the
fountain of, XIX. 673; Plato on, xix.
203.
— , judicial title, xm. 788.
— OF THE PEACE, magistrate, xm.
789; court of, xxii. 641.
JUSTICIARY, High Court of, in Scotland,
xm. 790.
JUSTIFICATION, Doctrine of, at the
council of Trent, xxm. 546.
JUSTIN (Justin Martyr), apologist ami
martyr, XIII. 790; his canon of Scrip
ture, V. 7; on the Gospels, X. 816, 821,
822; on Neoplatonism, xvn. 335.
— , Latin historian, xm. 791.
, Gnostic leader, x. 702.
— I., emperor of the East, XIII. 791.
II., emperor of the East, xm. 792.
JUSTINA, mother of Theodosius, I. 663.
JUSTINIAN I. (Flavins Anicius Justini-
anus), emperor of the East, xm. 792;
XI. 112; legislation of, vi. 105; xm.
792; xx. 712; Theophilus'.s Life of,
xxm. 253, 276.
— II., emperor of the East, XIII.
798.
, Aqueduct of, Turkey, II. 221.
, Code of, vi. 105; xx. 712.
JUSTINIANUS, Laurentius, St, x. 625.
JUTE, vegetable fibre, XIII. 798; cultiva
tion of, in. 568; in India, xil. 749;
factories in England, vin. 233; manu
facture in India, xn. 763.
JiJTERBOGK, town, Prussia, XIII. 803.
JUTES, ancient Teutonic people, II. 30;
in England, vin. 268.
JUTIA, animal, Cuba, VI. 680.
JUTLAND, peninsula, Denmark, vn.
80.
JUVENAL (Decimus Junius Juvenalis),
Latin poet and satirist, xm. 804; xxi.
319; language and style of, xiv. 337;
his place in Roman literature, xx.
725.
JUXON, William, archbishop of Canter
bury, xm. 809.
T/r the eleventh letter of the alphabet,
•r<v> xm. 810.
KAABA, or Kaba, sacred shrine, at Mecca,
xm. 810; n. 262; xv. 672; xvi. 545,
559, 580; pilgrimage to, xix. 93.
KAADEN, town, Bohemia, xm. 810.
KAAH, district, Sinai, Arabia, xxii.
88.
KAAT, shrub, in Arabia, II. 238.
KABA, or Kaaba (<i-v-\ sacred shrine at
Mecca, xm. Sio.
KABAH, ancient town, Central America,
xxiv. 759.
KABALAKI, mountain, Timor, Indian
Archipelago, xxm. 397.
KABARA, town, West Africa, xvn. 497.
KABARDANS, race of people, Caucasus,
v. 257.
KABARDINE, perfume, xvn. 107.
KABBALAH, Jewish theosophy, xm. 810;
xx. 490.
KABINDA, or Cabenda, town, Loango,
Africa, iv. 618; xiv. 743.
KABIR, Hindi writer, xi. 844.
KABIS, town, Tunis, xxm. 620.
KABUL, or Cabul, town and province,
Afghanistan, iv. 623.
KABUSHAN (Kuchan), town and district,
Persia, xiv. 152.
KABYLES, North-African tribes, xm.
814; i. 564; xvn. 628; xxm. 620.
KACHH (Cvitcli), state, India, vi. 730.
-, Lake (Rann or Runn) of, iv. 22.
KACHO (Cachao), town, Anain, iv. 624.
KACZKOWSKI, Polish novelist, xix. 305.
KADAMAT, island, Laccadives, Indian
Ocean, XIV. 183.
KADAMBA, dynasty, Mysore, India, xvn.
123.
KADAPA (Cuddapah), district, India, vi.
689.
KADESH, Hittite town, Syria, xxn. 821.
KADI (Cadi), Moslem magistrate, xvi.
591; xxn. 624.
KADIN, wife of the Turkish sultan, XL
478.
KADIR BILLAH, caliph, xvi. 588.
KADISIYA, Persia, Battle of (637), xvi.
562; xvin. 616.
KADLUBEK, Vincent, Polish chronicler,
xix. 299.
KADMEES, Parsee sect, India, xvin.
326.
KADNIKOFF, town, Russia, xxiv. 283.
KADOM, town, Russia, xm. 815.
KADUR, district, India, xin. 815.
KAE-FUNG Foo, town, China, xin. 823.
KAEMPFER, Engelbrecht, German tra
veller, xin. 816; on Japan, xin. 584.
KAFFA, district, Abyssinia, xin. 816.
, town, Crimea, Russia, xxm. 257.
KAFFRARIA, South Africa, xin. Si 6.
KAFFRES, race of people, South Africa,
xin. 818; I. 263; v. 47; suicidal delu
sion among (1857), v. 46; wars of, xin.
817; v. 45; languages of, xxiv. 828.
KAFIRISTAN, country, Asia, xin. 820.
KAFIRS, or Kaffres, race of people, South
Africa, xin. 818.
, people of Kafiristan, Asia, xin.
821.
KAFTU, district, ancient Syria, XXII.
822.
KAGERA, river, Africa, xvn. 505.
KAGHAA, bird, xvn. 354.
KAGHYZMAN, town, Transcaucasia,
xxm. 515.
KAGU, bird, xvn. 376; xx. 223; xxii.
653.
KAHIK BILLAH, caliph, xvi. 587.
K A H — K A N
237
KAHLA, town, Germany, xxi. 347.
KAHLUR, or Bilaspur, hill state, Punjab,
India, xin. 823; in. 670.
KAHULAWI, island, Hawaiian group, XI.
532-
KAIBALS, people, Russia, xxi. 251.
KAID BAY MOSQUE, Cairo, n. 446.
KAIETEUR, waterfall, Guiana, XL 250.
K'AI-FUNG Foo, town, China, xin. 823.
KAIKAVUS, Seljuk ruler, xxi. 637.
KAIKHOSRAU I., Seljuk ruler, xxi, 636.
- II., Seljuk ruler, xxi. 637.
KAIKOBAD, Seljuk prince, xxi. 637.
KAILASA, or Kylas, Cave-chambers of,
Ellora, India, n. 395.
KAILAS GANGRI, mountain, Tibet, xxm.
340.
KAIM BI-AMR-ILLAH, caliph, xvi. 588.
KAINITE, mineral, XV. 217; XVI. 402;
xix. 588.
KAINSK, town, Asiatic Russia, xxn. 1 1 ;
xxm. 439.
KAIRA, district and town, India, xm.
824.
KAIRANA, town, India, xvn. 114.
KAIRWAN, or Kairawan, town, Tunis,
xin. 824; xxm. 620; mosque at, xvi.
865.
KAIS (Kish), island, Persian Gulf, xiv.
101.
KAISARIEH (Csesarea), town, Asia Minor,
iv. 640; v. 75.
KAISARYAH (Cajsarea Palestina), town,
Palestine, iv. 639.
KAISER, title, xxm. 418.
— FRANZENSBAD, watering-place, Bo
hemia, ix. 724.
- KARLSBAD (Carlsbad), town, Bo
hemia, v. 112; xvi. 435.
KAISERSLAUTERN, town, Bavaria, xin.
825.
KAISERSWERTH, town, Prussia, xin.
825; deaconesses of, xvi. 715; dea
conesses' home at, IX. 307.
KAISOW TEAS, v. 635.
KAITHAL, town, India, xin. 825.
KAIYAN, town, Persia, XVIIL 627.
KAJAR DYNASTY, of Persia, XVIIL 645.
KAJARS, Turkish tribe, xxm. 661.
KAKA, New Zealand bird, xvn. 354.
KAKAPO, New Zealand bird, xin. 825.
KAKARS, Afghan clan, I. 235.
KAKODYLE COMPOUNDS, in chemistry,
xvi. 197.
KAKONGO, district, West Africa, xiv.
742. See also iv. 625.
KALABAGH, town, India, xin. 826.
KALAHARI DESERT, South Africa, xvn.
1 68.
KALAH SHERGHAT, town, Mesopotamia,
in. 183.
KALAMATA, town, Greece, xin. 826;
xvi. 53.
KALAMAZOO, town, Michigan, U.S.A.,
xin. 826.
KALANG, district, Malay Peninsula, xv.
322.
KALATCH, town, Russia, xin. 826;
xxiv. 298.
KALAT-I-GHILZAI, fortress, Afghanistan,
i. 230.
KALBE, town, Prussia, xin. 826.
KALCKER, John de (Calcar), German
painter, iv. 653.
KALDA, district, Mesopotamia, xvi.
SI-
KALE, Scotch, vegetable, IV. 617; xn.
279.
KALEEGE, Indian pheasant, xvill.
733-
KALEIDOSCOPE, optical instrument,
Xin. 826; xiv. 587; Brewster's in
vention of, iv. 276.
KALENBERG (Calenberg), principality,
Hanover, iv. 664.
KALENDS, first day of Roman month,
iv. 665.
KALEWALA, Finnish epic poem, ix. 219;
xvn. 158.
KALGAN, town, China, xin. 828.
KALHAT, coast region, Arabia, n. 255.
KALHORA DYNASTY, Sind, India, xxn.
92.
KALIDASA, Sanskrit writer, xin. 828;
vii. 397; xxi. 285.
KALILAH AND DIMNAH, Book of, in.
666; ancient Syriac version, XXII.
850.
KALINGA, ancient kingdom, India, xin.
829.
KALINGAPATAM, town, India, xin. 829.
KALISH, town, Russian Poland, xin.
829; treaty of (1813), xxn. 531;
government, xix. 309.
KALITVENSKAYA, Don Cossack village,
Russia, xin. 829.
KALI-YUG, Hindu chronology, v. 719.
KALLADAKURCHI, town, India, xxm.
405.
KALLIGENEIA, Greek festival, xxiii.295.
KALMAR (Calmar, q.v.), town, Sweden,
iv. 710.
KALMUKS, Kalmucks, or Calmucks,
Mongol tribes, iv. 710; xvi. 745, 749;
xxm. 70.
KAL MURA, river, Persia, xvm. 626.
KALMYKOFF, town, Russia, vi. 24.
KALNA, town, India, xin. 829.
KALOCSA, or Kalocza, town, Hungary,
xin. 829; observatory at, xvn. 713.
KALONG, bat, in Java, ix. 352.
KALPENI, island, Laccadives, Indian
Ocean, xiv. 183.
KALPI, town, India, xin. 830.
KALUGA, government, Russia, xin. 830;
xxi. 69; town, xin. 830.
KALVARIYA, town, Russia, xin. 830.
KALW, town, Wiirtemberg, xin. 830.
KALWARYA, town, Russian Poland, xxn.
728.
KALYAN, town, India, xxm. 221.
KALYAZIN, town, Russia, xxm. 672.
KAMA, river, Russia, xiv. 20; xvill.
549; xxiv. 279.
KAMACHIA (Shemaha), ancient town,
Persia, xxi. 794.
KAMAKHYA, Temple of, at Now-gong,
India, xvn. 609.
KAMAL, town, Madura, Indian Archi
pelago, xv. 193.
KAMALA, drug, xin. 831.
KAMALIA, town, India, xvi. 789.
KAMASINS, people, Russia, xxi. 251.
KAMBANGAN, Nusa, island, Java, xin.
600.
KAMBAY (Cambay), town and gulf,
India, IV. 723.
KAMBOJA (Cambodia), kingdom, Indo-
Chinese Peninsula, iv. 723; xxi.
854.
KAMBURG, town, Germany, xxi. 348.
KAMCHADALES, people of Kamchatka,
xin. 832.
KAMCHATKA, peninsula, Siberia, xin.
831-
— , Sea of, XVIIL 116.
KAMEEL, or Kamil, sovereign of Egypt,
vi. 630; vn. 754.
KAMENETS, town, Podolia, Russia, xin.
832; xix. 254.
KAMENZ, town, Saxony, xin. 832.
KAMES, Lord, Scottish philosopher and
judge, xin. 833; on beauty, I. 222;
his method of improving moss land,
I. 404.
KAMICHI, bird, xxi. 552.
KAMIL (Kami), town, Central Asia, XL
409.
— , El, sovereign of Egypt, VI. 630;
vn. 754.
KAMMERALISTS, German economists,
xix. 363.
KAMMERERITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
KAMMERSEE, lake, Austria, xxi. 241.
KAMMIN, town, Prussia, xin. 833.
KAMOZ, tribe, Kafiristan, xin. 822.
KAMPEN, town, Holland, xin. 833;
XVIIL 78.
KAMPONGS, village groups, Sumatra, I.
96.
KAMPOT, seaport, Cambodia, iv. 725.
KAMPTEE (Kamthi), town, India, xin.
834; xvn. 164.
KAMPTULICON, floor-cloth, vi. 402; xiv.
676.
KAMRUP, district, India, xin. 833.
KAMSA, Gabriel, Syriac hymn-writer,
xxn. 855.
KAMTCHATKA, or Kamchatka, penin
sula, Siberia, Xin. 831.
KAMTHI, town, India, xin. 834; xvn.
164.
KAMUISHIN, town, Russia, xin. 834;
xxi. 305.
KAMURGI, Ali, Ottoman general, XL
121.
KAMYSHIN (Kamuishin), town, Russia,
xin. 834; xxi. 305.
KANADA, Hindu philosopher, his cate
gories, v. 222.
KANAGAWA, town, Japan, xxiv. 745.
238
K A N — K A B
KANALA, New Caledonia, Nickel-mines
of, xvn. 376.
KANANUR, town, India, xm. 834; xv.
312.
KANAKA, North, district, India, Xin.
834.
, South, district, India, Xlll. 835.
KANASTER TOBACCO, xxm. 425.
KANAUJ, to\vn, India, xm. 835; ix. 42.
KANAWHA, river, West Virginia, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 518.
KANBIL (Kamala), drug, xm. 831.
KANDAHAR, town, Afghanistan, xm.
835-
KANDAVU, island, Fiji group, ix. 156.
KANDELBERG, mountain, Black Forest,
Germany, xxiv. 700.
KANDHS, tribe, India, xv. 185.
KANDI, town, India, Xin. 837.
KANDJUR, Tibetan Buddhist books,
xiv. 229.
KANDUKUR, town, India, xvn. 321.
KANDY, town, Ceylon, xm. 837.
KANE, Elisha Kent, American explorer,
xm. 837; xix. 322.
KANEFF, town, Eussia, xm. 838.
KANEMI, Mahomet el-Amin el, sheikh
of Bornu, Central Africa, IV. 62.
KANGAROO, marsupial mammal, xm.
838; in. in; xv. 382.
ISLAND, South Australia, xxn.
286.
LEATHER, xiv. 389.
KANG-HE, emperor of China, v. 650.
KANG-KAO (Cancao), town, Cambodia,
iv. 800.
KANGR A, district, India, Xin. 841; XX.
109: town, xm. 841.
KANHWARA, town, India, xxi. 665.
KANIAPUSCAW, lake, Labrador, xiv.
175-
KANIEFF, or Kaneff, town, Russia, xm.
838.
KANISHKA, Buddhist king, North-West
India, xn. 784; xvm. 606.
KANIZSA-NAGY, town, Hungary, xm.
842.
KANKAKEE, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xm.
842.
KANKER, state, India, xx. 257.
KANO, or Kino, drug, xiv. 90.
, town, Central Africa, xm. 842;
xxii. 248, 279.
KANOJE (Kanauj), town, India, xm.
835; ix. 42.
KANSAS, State, U.S.A., xm. 842; popu
lation, xxm. 802.
CITY, town, Kansas, U.S.A., xxiv.
704.
CITY, town, Missouri, U.S.A., xm.
844; xvi. 526; xxiv. 704.
KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT, U.S.A., xxm.
770.
KANSK, town, Siberia, xxiv. 743.
KANSTATT (Canstatt), town, Wiirtem-
berg, v. 26; xxii. 613; xxiv. 701.
KAN-SUH, province, China, V. 638.
KANT, Immanuel, German philosopher,
Xlll. 844; X. 540; his doctrine of
antinomies, II. 130; on mental asso
ciation, II. 732; on axiomatic prin
ciples, ill. 159; on the beautiful, I.
217; his doctrine of the categories, v.
224; on deism and theism, xxm. 235,
246; his ethics, vm. 609; on evolu
tion, vm. 761; on induction and
analogy, I. 791; his view of Jesus
Christ, XIII. 669; his influence on
English literature, VIII. 432; his logic,
xiv. 795, 799; his metaphysics, xvi.
82 ; on optimism and pessimism, xvi 1 1.
687; on philosophy, xvm. 794; his
influence on German rationalism, xx.
290; his attitude towards scepticism,
xxi. 383; Jacobi's criticism of, xm.
538; his reply to Hume compared
with Reid's, xx. 351.
KANTELETAR, Finnish lyric poetry, ix.
220.
KANTEMIR, Antiokh, Russian satirist,
xxi. 105.
KANTYSEE, mountain, Tibet, xxm. 340.
KANURI, Negro tribe, Bornu, iv. 61.
KANZEGO, town, Tibet, xxm. 342.
KAO, island, South Pacific, ix. 779.
KAOLIN, porcelain clay, xiv. 1,90; xvi.
424; xix. 600, 633; of St Yrieix,
France, xiv. 651.
KAPILA, Hindu sage, iv. 209; xxi. 291.
(Hard war), town, India, XI. 475.
KAPILAVASTU, origin of Buddhism at,
iv. 425.
KAPPEL, Switzerland, Battle of (1531),
xx. 334; xxn. 790; xxiv. 612.
KAPUAS, river, Borneo, iv. 56.
KAPUNDA, town, South Australia, xxii.
284.
KAPURTHALA, state, India, xiv. 2.
KARA, river, Russia, xxi. 73.
KARABAGH, khanate, Caucasia, xxi.
849-
KARABOGHAZ, gulf, Caspian Sea, v. 178.
KARA-BUTAK, town, Siberia, xxm. 627.
KARACHI (Kurrachee), district, India,
Xiv. 1 60; town, xiv. 161.
KARAD, town, India, xxi. 317.
KARA-DAGH, mountain, Persia, xiv.
66.
KARA-DARIA, river, Central Asia, xxn.
818.
KARAFTU, or Karaf uto (Saghalm), island,
North Pacific, xxi. 147.
KARAGASSES, or Karagases, Ural-Altaic
people, Siberia, xxi. 251; xxii. 8;
xxm. 70.
KARAGEORGEVICH (Czerny George),
Servian leader, vi. 755; xxi. 689.
KARA-HISSAR, three towns, Asiatic
Turkey, xiv. 2.
KARAITES, Jewish sect, xiv. 2; in
Russia, xxi. 79.
KARAKALPAKS, Tartar tribe, xiv. 64.
KARAKASH, town, Turkestan, xiv. 67.
KARA-KIRGHIZ, Tartar tribe, xiv, 94.
KARAKOL, town, Russia in Asia, xxi.
641.
KARAKORUM, town, Central Asia, xiv.
2; Mongol palace at, xvi. 742.
, mountain range, xiv. 2; II. 684;
xxm. 340; pass, xiv. 2, 153; xxm.
340.
KARAKUL, lake, Central Asia, xvm.
103.
KARA-KUM, desert, Transcaspian Region,
Russia, xxn. 820; xxm. 511.
KARAMAN (Caraman), town, Asiatic
Turkey, v. 82; xv. 92.
, Turkish principality, Asia Minor,
xxm. 640.
KARAMANIA (Caramania), district,
Asiatic Turkey, v. 82.
KARAMITA, Moslem sect, xvi. 586,
594-
KARA MUSTAPHA, Turkish vizier and
general, xix. 296; xxm. 645.
KARAMZIN, Nikolai Mikhailovich,
Russian writer, xiv. 3; xxi. 106.
KARA SEA, Arctic Ocean, xvn. 604.
KARASHAR, town, Turkestan, xxm.
639-
KARA STRAIT, Arctic Ocean, XVIL 604.
KARASU-BAZAR, town, Russia, xiv. 3.
KARA-TAU, mountains, Syr-Daria, Asia,
xxn. 820.
KARATAYS, race of people, Russia, xvi.
813-
KARATCHAI, tribe of Tartars, Russia,
xiv. 150; xxm. 70.
KARATCHEFF, town, Russia, xiv. 4;
xvn. 826.
KARATEGIN, country, Central Asia,
xiv. 4.
KARAULI, state, India, xiv. 4; xx. 260;
town, xiv. 4.
KARAWANKEN, mountains, Styria,
Austria, xxn. 614.
KARCZAG, town, Hungary, xiv. 5.
KARDEC, Allan, French spiritualist,
xxn. 407.
KARDJORDJE (Czerny George), Servian
leader, vi. 755; xxi. 689.
KARDSZAG (Karczag), town, Hungary,
xiv. 5.
KARELIANS, race of people, Russia, xiv.
307; xvn. 764.
KARELINITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
KAREMA, town, Tanganyika, Africa,
xxiv. 763.
KARENS, race of people, Siam and
Burmah, XXI. 852.
KARGALYK, town, Turkestan, xxm.
639; xxiv. 728.
KARHARBARI, coalfield, India, xn.
737
KARIKAL, town, India, xiv. 5.
KARIM KHAN, Persian ruler, xvm.
644.
KARIMON DJAWA, islands, Java, xm.
600.
KARKAR (Curzola), town, Dalmatia, vi.
728.
K A K — K A V
239
KARKARALINSK, town, Asiatic Russia,
xxi. 639.
KARL, Teutonic freeman, xvil. 529.
, or Carl, name. See Charles.
FRIEDRICH, margrave of Baden,
German economist, XIX. 363.
KARLI, India, Cave temples of, II. 394.
KARLJOHANSW.ERN (Horten), town,
Norway, xn. 209.
KARLSHAVEN (Carlsliamn), town,
Sweden, v. 112.
KARLSRUHE (Carlsruhe), town, Baden,
v. 112.
KARLSTADT(Carlstadt), district, Bavaria,
v. 113.
KARLUKS, Turkish tribe, XXlll. 659.
KARMAN, or Kirman, town, Persia,
xviii. 627, 628.
KARMAN I A (Kirman), province, Persia,
xiv. 99.
KARMANSHAH, or Kirmanshahan, town,
Persia, xiv. 100; xvm. 628.
KARMATHIANS, or Karmathites, Mo
hammedan people, Arabia, II. 259, 722;
xiv. 15; xvi. 586. 594.
KARNAC, Egypt, Temple of, n. 390; vn.
777-
KARNAL, district, India, xiv. 5; xx.
109; town, xiv. 5.
KARNTEN, or Carinthia, crown-land, !
Austria, v. 106; xxn. 614.
KARNUL, district and town, Madras,
India, xiv. 5, 6.
KAROLOSTADT, or Carlstadt (A. II.
Bodenstein), German Reformer, v. 113.
KARONS, Papuan tribe, New Guinea,
xvii. 388.
KARPINSKI, Franciszek, Polish poet,
xix. 303.
KARROO, plateau, Cape Colony, v. 42.
KARS, town, Transcaucasia, Russia, xiv.
6; XXIII. 515; government, XXIII. 513.
KARSCH, Anna Louisa, German poetess,
x. 534-
KARSHI, town, Central Asia, Xiv. 6.
KARSTEN, Karl J. B., on iron and steel,
xiil. 282; his process of lead-smelting,
xiv. 377.
KARSTENITE, mineral, xvi. 400.
KARTCHUM, town, Turkestan, xxiv.
728.
KARTHLI LANGUAGE, Georgia, x.
433-
KARTUM (Khartum), town, Egypt, xiv.
58; i. 267; xvii. 507, 610.
KARUN, river, Persia, xv. 68; xvm.
620; xxi. 849.
KARWAR, town, India, xiv. 7.
KARWARS, Papuan idols, New Guinea,
xvii. 388.
KARYOKINESIS, process in animal tissue-
cells, xix. 833.
KASAK.STADT, town, Russia, xix. 284.
KASAN, or Kazan (q.v.), Russia, xiv. 20;
observatory at, xvi I. 714.
KASAN LI K, town, Roumelia, Turkey,
xiv. 7.
KASBIN, or Casbin, town, Persia, v. 174;
xvm. 627, 628.
KASCHAU, town, Hungary, xiv. 7.
KASEEM, valley, Arabia, n. 239.
K AS HAN (Cashan), town, Persia, v. 175;
xvm. 626.
KASHBA BANIACHANG, town, India,
xxii. 810.
KASHGAR, town, Turkestan, xiv. 7;
xxiii. 639.
KASHI, glazed ornamentation of Oriental
buildings, XIV. 8.
KASHIN, town, Russia, xiv. 9; xxiii.
672.
KASHIRA, town, Russia, xxiii. 605.
KASHKAR, state, Hindu Kush, Xiv. 9;
XL 838.
KASHMIR, or Cashmere, Central Asia,
valley and state, xiv. 9; XI. 823;
dictionaries of language of, vn. 191 ;
shawls of, XXI. 781.
KASHNA (Katscna), town, Central Africa,
xiv. 15; xxii. 279.
KASHOUBISH LANGUAGE, Slav dialect,
xxn. 151, 154.
KASIDA, variety of Persian poetry,
xvm. 656; xxiii. 656.
KASIKA VRITTI, Sanskrit commentaries,
xxi. 292.
KASIMBAZAR, town, India, xiv. 14.
KASIMI, Persian writer, XVIII. 657.
KASIMOFF, town, Russia, xiv. 14; xxi.
116.
KASIMUKHIANS, Caucasian tribe, xiv.
475-
KASIPUR, town, India, xxiii. 59.
KASMARK, town, Hungary, xiv. 53.
KASPLYA, river, Russia, xxii. 183.
KASR, part of remains of Babylon, in.
182.
— AL-KEDIR, town, Morocco, xvi.
834-
KASSAI, affluent of the Congo, Africa,
xxiv. 764.
KASSINA (Katsena), town, Central Africa,
xiv. 15; xxn. 279.
KASSOWITZ, M., his researches on
rickets, xvm. 374.
KASTAMUNI, town, Asia Minor, xiv. 14;
province, XXIII. 653.
KASTENBEIN, Charles, his type-setting
machine, XXIII. 701.
KASTORIA, town, European Turkey,
xiv. 14.
KASTRO, town, Imbros, ^Egean Archi
pelago, xii. 715.
— , town, Lemnos, Turkey, XIV. 436.
, toMii, Siphanto, Greek Archipelago,
XXII. 95.
KASVIN (Casbin), town, Persia, v. 174;
xvm. 627, 628.
KASZUBES, race, Russian Poland, xix.
309-
KAT, Egyptian weight, xxiv. 486.
KATABOLISM, destructive processes in
physiology, xix. 13, 19, 22, 50; xxi.
724.
KATAHDIN, mountain, Maine, U.S.A.,
xv. 298; xxiii. 792.
KATAPHRYGIANS, early Christian sect,
xvi. 775.
KATAPLOUS, Lucian's dialogue, xv. 45.
KATAR, pearl-fishery coast, Arabia, n.
254.
KATASTATES, in physiology, xix. 19.
KATAV-IVANOVSK, town, Russia, xxiii.
717.
KATCHUP (Ketchup), sauce, xiv. 54.
KATER, Henry, English physicist, xiv.
14-
KATHARINE. See Catherine.
KATHIAWAR, district, India, xiv. 14.
KATHMANDU(Khatmandu), town, Nepal,
xiv. 59; xvii. 342.
KATIF, town, Arabia, Xiv. 15.
KATORS, people, Kafiristan, Asia, xm.
821.
KATRINE, Loch, Scotland, xiv. 217;
xvm. 666; xxn. 553; aqueduct from,
II. 224; water-works of, X. 642.
KATSENA, town, Central Africa, xiv. 1 5 ;
xxii. 279.
KATTOWITZ, town, Prussia, xiv. 15.
KATTY-KURGAN, town, Russian Turke
stan, xxiv. 782.
KATTYWAR (Kathiawar), district, India,
xiv. 14.
KATUNSKIVE BYELKI, mountains,
Siberia, xxiii. 438.
KATWA, town, Bengal, India, xiv. 15.
KATYAYANA, Sanskrit grammarian, xxi.
292.
KATZBACH, river, Prussian Silesia, XXII.
52; battle of the (1813), XVII. 220.
KATZENKOPF, mountain, TViirtemberg,
xxiv. 699.
KAUAI, island, Hawaiian group, XL
53^.
KAUFBEUREN, town, Bavaria, xiv. 16.
KAUFFMAN, Angelica, Swiss artist,
xiv. 1 6.
KAUFMANN PEAK, mountain, Turke
stan, xxiii. 633.
KAULBACH, Wilhelm von, German
painter, xiv. 16.
KAU-LUNG, suburb of Hong Kong,
China, xii. 141.
KAUMENES, islets, Thera, Greece, xxiii.
280.
KAUNE (Kovno), town, Russia, xiv.
146.
KAUNITZ, Wenzel Anton, Austrian
statesman, XIV. i-S; IX. 587.
KAUP, Johann J., on birds, xvm. 14, 15.
KAURI, tree, of New Zealand, ix. 407;
gum of, ill. 67; xvii. 469.
KAVA, intoxicating drink, of South Sea
Islands, xiv. 18.
KAVADH I., ruler of Persia, XVIII. 611.
II., of Persia, XVIII.
KAVAHINE, crystalline principle in kava,
xiv. 1 8.
KAVALA, town, European Turkey, xiv.
1 8.
K A V — K E N
KAVANAGH, Julia, Irish novelist, xiv.
19.
KAVELE (Ujiji), town, Central Africa,
xxni. 719.
RAVELIN, Constantine, Russian jurist,
xxi. 1 08.
KAVERI, or Cauvery, river, India, xiv.
19; xv. 184; xvii. 123; xxni. 47.
KAVIR, salt deserts, Persia, xiv. 66;
xviii. 621.
KAWAR (Bilma), town, Central Africa,
in. 678.
KAWI, Java, Language and inscriptions
of, xni. 608.
KAWIN, balsamic resin, xiv. 18.
KAWRATI, island, Laccadives, Indian
Ocean, xiv. 183.
KAWS, American-Indian tribe, XII. 832.
KAV, John, Scottish caricaturist, Xiv.
19.
, John, English watchmaker, asso
ciate of Arkwright, II. 541.
KAYAK, Eskimo canoe, vm. 545.
KAYALPATNAM, town, India, xxm.
405.
KAYASTHS, race of people, India, xvm.
72.
KAYE (Caius), John, English physician,
XV. 808; founder of Caius College,
Cambridge, iv. 648.
, Sir John William, historian of
India, XIV. 19.
KAYELI, kingdom, Celebes, v. 290.
KAZA, Turkish administrative division,
xxm. 654.
KAZAKS, Mongol tribes, xiv. 95; xvi.
749-
KAZALA, town, Central Asia, xiv. 20.
KAZALINSK (Kazala), town, Central
Asia, xiv. 20; xxn. 820, 821.
KAZAN, government, Russia, xiv. 20;
xxi. 69.
, town, Russia, xiv. 20; xxi. 70;
observatory at, XVII. 714; university,
xxni. 852.
KAZANLIK, department, Roumelia, xxi.
22.
KAZAN TARTARS, xxni. 70.
KAZBEK, mountain, Caucasus, v. 252.
KAZBIN (Casbin), town, Persia, v. 174.
KAZ-DAGH, mountains, Asia Minor, n.
706.
KAZIM, Mohammed, his description of
Assam, II. 719.
KAZIMIERZ (Casimir) I., king of Poland,
xix. 286.
- II., of Poland, xix. 287.
- III., of Poland, xix. 288.
- IV., of Poland, xix. 289.
KAZINCZY, Ferencz, Hungarian writer,
xiv. 21 ; xn. 377.
KAZVIN (Casbin), town, Persia, v. 174;
xvm. 627, 628.
KAZWINI, Zachariah b. Mohammed al,
Arabian geographer, X. 178.
KEA, New Zealand parrot, xvii. 354.
KEA-KiNG, emperor of China, v. 651.
KEAN, Charles John, English actor, XIV.
21.
— , Edmund, English actor, Xiv. 21;
his cottage in Bute, IV. 580.
— , Moses, English pantomimist, Xiv.
KEANG-NAN (Nanking), ancient town,
China, xvii. 172.
KEANG-NING, town, China, xvii. 171.
KEANG-SE, province, China, v. 635.
KEANG-SOO, province, China, v. 635.
KEATS, John, English poet, xiv. 22.
KEBARS, Papuan tribe, New Guinea,
xvii. 388.
KEBLE, John, English poet, xiv. 24;
hymns by, xil. 595.
COLLEGE, Oxford, xvm. 97.
KECHO, town, Tong-King, iv. 624; vi.
96.
KECSKEMET, town, Hungary, xiv. 26.
KEDABEK, Transcaucasia, Russia, Copper
works at, xxm. 514.
KEDAH, district, Malay Peninsula, xv.
322.
KEDARNATH, Temple of, Himalayas,
XL 835.
KEEL, of a ship, xxi. 819.
KEELING ISLANDS, Indian Ocean, xiv.
26; xxii. 586.
KEENE, town, New Hampshire, U.S.A.,
xvii. 392.
KEEN- LUNG, emperor of China, v. 650.
KEEP, or Donjon, in architecture, li.
466.
KEEVE, mining tub, xvi. 465.
KEEWATIN, or Kewatin, district, North-
West Territory, British America, xvii.
573-
KEFF, or Kef, town, Tunis, xiv. 27,
xxni. 620.
KEFFI ABD ES-SENGA, town, Sokoto,
Africa, xxn 279.
KEFNEKAISE, mountain, Sweden, xxn.
736.
KEHL, suburb of Strasburg, Germany,
xxn. 589.
KEIGHLEY, town, England, xiv. 27;
population, xxiv 748.
KEI ISLANDS, Indian Archipelago, xiv
27
KEILBERG, mountain, Germany, vm
533-
KEILHAU, Germany, Educational es
tablishment at, IX. 793.
KEILHAUITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
KEILL, James, Scottish physician, xv.
812; xxiv. 97.
— , John, on the invention of the cal
culus, XIII. 9.
KEIM, Theodor, German theologian, xiv.
28; his Jesu von Nazara, Xlll. 672.
KEISER, Reinhard, German musician,
xvii. 92.
KEITH, Scottish family, earls marischal
of Scotland, xiv. 28.
— , Francis Edward James, Prussian
marshal, xiv. 28.
KEITH, George, Quaker, friend of Penn,
xvm. 496.
KEITUM, town, Schleswig, xxn. 810,
KEJ, town, Baluchistan, xiv. 28.
KELANI-GANGA, river, Ceylon, v. 360.
KELANTAN, district, Malay Peninsula,
xv. 322.
KELIF-USBOI, valley, Transcaspian
Region, Russia, xxm. 512.
KELISMAN, town, Asia Minor, v. SiS.
KELLER, Gottfried, Swiss writer, xxn.
800.
KELLERMANN, Francois Christophe,
French marshal, xiv. 29.
KELLETT, Sir Henry, Arctic explorer,
xix. 322.
KELLGREN, Johan Henrik, Swedish
poet and critic, xiv. 29; xxn. 756.
KELLIE, Earl of, claimant of earldom of
Mar, xv. 525.
KELLS, town, Ireland, xiv. 29.
— , Book of, Irish MS., xvm. 158.
KELLY, Edward, astrologer, vn. 22.
, Thomas, Irish hymn-writer, xn.
595-
— , William, his improvements in the
cotton-spinning mule, vi. 497.
-, William, Plymouthist, xix. 239.
KELP, source of iodine, Xiv. 29; I. 508.
KELP-PIGEON, bird, xxi. 782.
KELSO, town, Scotland, xiv. 30; xxi.
34-
KELT, salmon, xxi. 225.
KELTAI, or Celts, (q.v.), v. 297.
KELVIN, river, Scotland, XXII. 553.
KEM, name for Egypt, vn. 700.
KEMAL BEY, Ottoman writer, xxni.
657.
KEMAL PASHA-ZADA, Turkish writer,
xxni. 656.
KEMAMAN, district, Malay Archipelago,
xv. 322.
KEMBLE, Charles, English actor, xiv. 30.
, John Mitchell, English scholar and
historian, xiv. 30.
— , John Philip, English actor, xiv.
, Sarah (Mrs Siddons), English
actress, xiv. 31; xxn. 32.
KEMPELEN, Baron, his chess-playing
automaton, XV. 210.
KEMPIS, Thomas a, mediaeval writer,
xiv 31; XL 208; xvii. 134.
KEMPLEY, -Gloucestershire, England,
Church at, xvn. 45.
KEMPTEN, town, Bavaria, xiv. 33.
KEN, Thomas, English non-juring
bishop, XIV. 33; hymns by, XII. 592.
KENDAL, town, England, xiv. 34; xxiv.
515, 516.
KENDI, Arab Christian apologist, xxn.
848.
KENDRAPARA, town, India, xvn. 845.
KENDREW, John, inventor of nax-
spinning apparatus, xiv. 664.
KENEH, or Kine, town, Egypt, vn.
776.
K E N — K H A
241
KENELM CHILLINGLY, Lytton's novel,
xv. 123.
KENIA, mountain, Africa, I. 250; dis
covered by Krapf, I. 246, 250.
KENILWORTH, town, England, xiv.
35-
KENITES, people, south of Palestine,
xvni. 175.
KENMARE, river, Ireland, xiv. 51.
KENNEBEC, river, Maine, U.S.A., xv.
298.
KENNEDIE, Walter, early Scottish
writer, XXI. 541.
KENNEDY, James, Scottish bishop and
statesman, xxi. 494.
— , John Peiidleton, American essayist,
I. 723.
, Quintine, Knox's dispute with,
xiv. 132.
, Thomas Francis, Scottish poli
tician, xiv. 35.
, William, Arctic explorer, xix.
KENNET, river, England, xxm. 220;
xxiv. 594.
, White, bishop of Peterborough,
xiv. 35.
— AVENUE, Avebury, Wilts, Eng
land, in. 144.
KENNETH I., Macalpine, king of Scot
land, xxi. 477.
II., of Scotland, XXI. 479.
KENNICOTT, Benjamin, English Heb
raist, xiv. 36.
KENOSHA, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
xiv. 36.
KENSINGTON, part of London, xiv. 36,
822.
— GARDENS, London, xiv. 824.
KENT, county, England, xiv. 36; popu
lation and representation, xxill. 727;
dialect of, Vlll. 391; hop-growing in,
iv. 272; breed of sheep, i. 392.
— , James, American jurist, xiv. 40.
— , William, English artist and
landscape gardener, xiv. 40.
KENTIGERN, St, Celtic missionary,
xiv. 40; xxi. 474.
KENTISH DIALECT, vin. 391.
KENTISH PLOVER, bird, xiv. 76.
KENTS, breed of sheep, I. 392.
KENT'S HOLE, cave, Devonshire, Eng
land, II. 115; v. 267; vii. 140.
KENTUCKY, State, U.S.A., xiv. 41;
population, xxm. 802; caves of, v.
266 ; XV. 448 ; mule-breeding in,
xvii. 14.
KENYON, Lord, English chief-justice,
xiv. 45.
KEOKUK, town, Iowa, U.S.A., xiv. 45.
KEPHALOS, villages, Paros, Greece,
xvni. 319.
KEPLER, Johann, German astronomer,
xiv. 45; II. 752; on astrology, n. 743;
on infinites in geometry, Xlll. 5; his
laws of planetary motion, u. 779; xv.
708; xvii. 441; on Napier's logar
ithms, xvii. 182; on the lunar theory,
XVI. 800; his telescope, XXIII. 136;
on the tides, xxm. 355.
KEPPEL, province, North Borneo, XXI.
123.
KERAITS, Mongol tribe, xvi. 743, 744.
KERAK, town, Syria, xiv. 48; site of,
x. 30.
KERAS, Greek trumpet, xxm. 593.
KERATITIS, eye disease, xvii. 780.
KERAULOPHON, organ pipe, xvii. 832.
KERBELA, town, Asiatic Turkey, xiv.
48; pilgrimages to, xix. 93; battle of
(680), XVI. 568; district, XVI. 52.
KERBING, of footways, xx. 588.
KERBOGA, prince of Mosul, vi. 626.
KERELI GOL, lake, Asia Minor, n. 709;
xin. 384.
KERENSK, town, Russia, xvm. 515.
KERESZTES, Hungary, Battle of (1596),
xxm. 644.
KERGONAN, France, Cromlech at, xxi.
51-
KERGUELEN'S LAND, island, Southern
Ocean, Xiv. 48; discovery of, XIX.
329-
KERIVOULA, genus of bats, xv. 411.
KERKHAH, river, Persia, xv. 68.
KERKUK, or Kerkook, town, Asiatic
Turkey, xiv. 49.
KERKYRA (Corcyra), ancient town,
Greece, VI. 396.
KERL, Johann Caspar, German musician,
xvii. 90.
KERLESCANT, ancient monuments,
Carnac, France, v. 118; xxi. 51.
KERMAN (Kirman), province, Persia,
xiv. 99; xxi. 635.
KERMANJI, Kurdish language, xiv. 157.
KERMANSHAH, town and district, Persia,
xiv. 100; xvm. 628.
KERMARIO, ancient monuments, Carnac,
France, v. 118; xxi. 51.
KERMES, insect and crimson dye from
it, xiv. 49.
KERMESITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
KERNER, Anton, on Alpine plants, I.
634-
, Justinus Andreas, German writer,
xiv. 50.
KERNS, town, Switzerland, xxm. 858.
KEROUAN (Kairwan), town, Tunis, xm.
824.
KEROWLY (Karauli), state, India, xiv.
4; xx. 260; town, xiv. 4.
KERRY, county, Ireland, xiv. 50; popu
lation and representation, XXIII. 727.
KERSAL MOOR, near Manchester, Eng
land, xv. 459.
KERTCH, town, Russia, xiv. 52; vi.
586.
KESAB CHANDRA SEN, Brahman re
former, IV. 201.
KESAV-DAS, Hindi writer, XL 846.
KESMARK, town, Hungary, xiv. 53.
KESSELKOPPE, mountain, Germany, xx.
552-
KESSLER, K., on birds, xvm. 27.
KESTEVEN, division of Lincolnshire,
England, xiv. 655.
KESTREL, bird, xiv. 53.
KESWICK, town, England, xiv. 54.
KESZTHELY, town, Hungary, xiv. 54.
KETANS, Manchu tribe, xv. 467.
KETCHUP, sauce, xiv. 54.
KETI, town, India, xiv. 54.
KETILMUNDSSON, Mats, Swedish re
gent, xxii. 746.
KETMIA (Gumbo), plant, XL 276.
KETONES, organic compounds, in chem
istry, v. 568.
KETTERING, town, England, xiv. 54;
xvii. 556.
KETTLEDRUM, musical instrument, vn.
479-
KETTLE FALLS, Columbia river, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 386.
KETUBIM, part of the Hebrew canon,
in. 635.
KETURAH, of Scripture, xxiv. 738.
KEUNJHAR, or Keunjur, state, India,
xiv. 54.
KEUNTHAL, state, India, xiv. 54.
KEW, town, England, xiv. 55; herb
arium at, XL 716; observatory at,
xvii. 710.
GARDENS, near London, XL 716;
under Alton's superintendence, I. 431;
under Hooker's, XII. 153.
KEW-KEANG Foo, town, China, xiv.
55; v. 636.
KEY, for lock, xiv. 744.
, Francis Scott, American poet, I.
722.
-, Lough, Ireland, XX. 850.
KEYA PAHA, river, Nebraska, U.S.A.,
xvii. 307.
KEYBOARD, of musical instrument, xix.
65.
KEYE, John, founder of Caius College,
Cambridge, iv. 648; xv. 808.
KEYHAM, Dockyard at, England, vn.
3i5,3i8.
KEYS, rocky islets, Florida, U.S.A., ix.
338.
, for fastening rails, XX. 241.
— , House of, Isle of Man, xv. 452.
KEYSER, J. R., Norwegian historian,
xvii. 592.
, Thomas de, Dutch painter, XX.
374-
KEYSERLING, Alexander, on birds,
xvni. 26.
KEY-STONE, in architecture, n. 466.
KEY WEST, island and town, Florida,
U.S.A., xiv. 55.
KEZANLYK (Kasanlik), town, Roumelia,
Turkey, XIV. 7.
KHABAROVKA, town, Siberia, Russia,
xiv. 56; xv. 548, 549.
KHABUR (Chaboras), affluent of Euphra
tes, vni. 669; xvi. 47.
KHADAR, district, India, xxn. 98.
KHADIJA, wife of Mohammed, XVI. 546.
XXV. — 31
242
K H A — K H U
KHAFRA, or Chephren, king of Egypt,
v. 582; vn. 733; pyramid of, xx.
123.
KHAGASSES, people, Siberia, xxil. 11.
KHAGAUL, town, India, xvm. 409.
KHAIBAR, Arabia, Moliarunied's attack
upon (628), xvi. 557.
KHAIRABAD, town, India, xiv. 56 ;
xvm. 72; xxii. 102.
KHAIRAGARH, state, Central Provinces,
India, xx. 257.
KHAIRIGARH, district, Oudh, India,
xvm. 71.
KHAIRPUR, town, India, xiv. 56.
KHAIZORAN, mother of Harouii al Ras-
cliid, xvi. 581.
KHAJUNA LANGUAGE, on upper Indus,
x. 598.
KHAKANI, Persian writer, xvm. 658.
KHALDOUN,. Ibn, Arabic writer, xn.
609; xxiii. 5.
KHALID, Baiii, Arab tribes, xvn. 773.
BEN AL-WALID, Moslem leader,
xvi. 562.
KHALIFA (Caliph), Mohammedan sove
reign, iv. 706; xvi. 589, 591; xxii.
661.
KHALIFAH, Hajji, Arabic writer, XL
377-
KHALI FATE (Caliphate), The Eastern,
xvi. 565.
KHALIL, shah of Persia, xvm. 632.
, El, or Hebron, Palestine, XI. 608.
KHALKHAS, Mongol tribes, xvi. 744,
749-
KHALKI, one of Princes Islands, Sea of
Marmora, xix. 742.
KHALLIKAN, Ibn, Arabic writer, xn.
609; xxiii. 5.
KHAM, region, Tibet, xxiii. 339.
KHAMAR-DABAN, mountain, Siberia,
xxii. 3; xxiii. 509.
KHAMGAON, town, India, xiv. 56.
KHAMIS BAR KARDAHE, Syriac hymn-
writer, xxii. 855.
KHAMMURAGAS, dynasty of Babylon,
in. 185.
KHAMSAH, district, Persia, xvm. 627.
KHAMTI, Shan language, xxi. 774.
KHAN, Eastern inn, v. 85.
• , or Kaan, title, its application, xiv.
150.
KHANDESH, district, India, xiv. 56.
KHANDLA, town, India, xvn. 1 14.
KHANDPARA, state, India, xiv. 57;
town, XVIL 845.
KHANDS, race, India, xv. 185.
KHANDWA, town, India, xiv. 57; XVIL
509.
KHANGKA, lake, Siberia, xxii. 5.
KHANIA (Canea), town, Crete, iv. 806;
vi. 572.
KHAN-TENGRI, mountain, Turkestan,
xxin. 633.
KHARAYOK, river, Siam, xxi. 850.
KHAREZM (Khwarizm, q.v.\ ancient
kingdom, Turkestan, xiv. 62.
KHARGEH, or Kharija, oasis, Africa,
xvn. 695.
KHARIJITES, Moslem dissenters, xvi.
560, 564, 569, 571, 592.
KHARIMKOTAN, island, Kuriles, Asia,
xiv. 1 60.
KHARIZMI, Al, on numerals, xvn. 626.
KHARIZMIANS, their invasion of the
Holy Land, XXIII. 162.
KHARIZM SHAHS, Empire of the, xxiii.
660. See Khwarizm.
KHARKOFF, government, Russia, xiv.
57; xxi. 69,
— , town, Russia, Xiv. 57; XXI. 70;
university of, XXIII. 852.
KHARPUT, town, Armenia, xiv. 57.
KHARTUM, or Khartoum, town, Egypt,
xiv. 58; I. 267; XVIL 507, 610.
KHAS, aboriginal race, Indo-Chinese
Peninsula, xiv. 294.
KHASH-RUD, river, Afghanistan, I. 229.
KHASI AND JAINTIA HILLS, district,
India, XIV. 58; heavy rainfall in, II.
691.
KHASSIA LANGUAGE, Dictionary of,
vn. 191.
KHATIB, Mohammedan preacher, xxii.
662.
KHATMANDU, town, Nepal, xiv. 59;
XVIL 342.
KHAUSAR, river, Nineveh, xvn. 512.
KHAYAL, Mohammed Taki, Persian
writer, xvm. 657.
KHAYYAM, Oinarb. Ibrahim al, Persian
mathematician, XVIL 771; XVIII. 658.
KHAZAEL, tribe, Mesopotamia, xvi, 52.
KHAZARASP, town, Khiva oasis, Asia,
xiv. 64.
KHAZARIA, ancient territory, south
eastern Russia, xiv. 59.
KHAZARS, ancient people, Caucasus,
xiv. 59; xxi. 78.
KHAZNA, ruin, at Petra, Syria, xvm.
705.
KHEDIVE, title of sovereign of Egypt,
vii. 766, 784.
KHELAT, town, Baluchistan, xiv. 61;
in. 302.
KHEMNITZER, Ivan, Russian fabulist,
xxi. 106.
KHERASKOFF, Michael, Russian poet,
xxi. 1 06.
KHERl, district, India, XIV. 61.
KHERSON, government, Russia, Xiv. 61;
xxi. 69; town, xiv. 62.
KHERWA, town, Bornu, Africa, xiv. 1 53.
KHIAO, chief ruler of the Laos, Indo-
Chinese Peninsula, xiv. 294.
KHIMARA, mountains, Albania, I. 447.
KHINALUGH, Caucasian tribe, xiv. 475.
KHING-AB, affluent of the Oxus, Central
Asia, XVIIL 103.
KHINGAN MOUNTAINS, Siberia, xxii.
3; xxiii. 510.
KHIVA, khanate, Turkestan, Xiv. 62;
town, xiv. 65; XVIIL 101.
KHMELNIK, town, Russia, xix. 254.
KHMER, people, Cambodia, iv. 725.
KHNUM, Egyptian deity, I. 740; vii.
718.
KHO, tribe, Hindu Kush, Xiv. 9.
KHOI, town and district, Persia, xiv.
65; XVIIL 626.
KHOI-KHOIN, South-African race, xn.
3°9-
KHOJAH DYNASTY, Kashgar, Central
Asia, xiv. 8.
KHOJEND, town, Turkestan, xiv. 65;
xxii. 821.
KHOKAND, town, Turkestan, xiv. 65 ;
ix. 85; XVIIL 101.
KHOLUI, village, Russia, xxiv. 271.
KHONGS, race of people, Siam, xxi. 852.
KHONI, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
xxiii. 514.
KHONS (Chons), Egyptian deity, v. 685.
KHONSAR, town, Persia, xiv. 66.
KHOPER, river, Russia, xxi. 74.
KHORAIZA, Arab tribe, xvi. 556.
KHORAMABAD, town, Persia, xiv. 66.
KHORASAN, or Khorassan, province,
Persia, xiv. 66; 1.228; xvi. 44; XVIIL
626; insurrection in, XVIIL 651; great
salt desert of, xvm. 621.
, Veiled Prophet of (Al-Mokanna),
xvi. 44, 580, 608.
KHOR NOWARAT, bay, Red Sea, XX
3i6.
KHOROL, town, Russia, xix. 410.
KHORSABAD, ruins of Nineveh, II. 398;
XVIL 512.
KHORSUM, region, Tibet, xxin. 340.
KHOSHOTS, or Khoshod, tribe of Mon
gols, iv. 710; xvi. 744, 749.
KHOSRAU, or Chosroes, I., king of
Persia, xvn I. 612.
II., of Persia, XVIIL 614; capture
of Jerusalem by, vi. 622.
— , Amir, Persian poet, xvm. 659.
— , Nasir b., Persian poet, xvn. 237;
XVIIL 658.
— AND SHIRIN, poem of Niznmi,
XVIL 522.
KHOTAN, town and district, Turkestan,
xiv. 67; xxin. 639; xxiv. 728.
KHOTEEN (Khotin), town, Russia, xiv.
67.
KHOTES, Mahratta landed proprietors,
India, xv. 290.
KHOTIN, town, Russia, xiv. 67.
KHOWARIJ, Arab sect, n. 250.
KHRI-SRONG LDEU-BTSAN, Tibetan
king, xiv. 229; xxin. 345.
KHUAREZM (Khwarizm, q.v.), kingdom,
XIII. 621.
KHUDABANDA, Muhammad, shah of
Persia, XVIIL 637.
KHUFU (Cheops), king of Egypt, v. 582;
vn. 732; pyramid of, xx. 123.
KHULM, province and river, Afghani
stan, I. 242.
KHULNA, town, India, xiv. 67.
KHUNS (Chons), Egyptian divinity, v.
685; vn. 718.
K H U — K I N
243
KHURASAN (Khorasan, q.v.\ province,
Persia, xiv. 66; XVIII. 621, 626, 651.
KHURJA, town, India, xiv. 68.
KHURSHEED, pasha, Egypt, vn. 761.
KHURUSTABAD, ruins of Nineveh, xvn.
512.
KHUSHAB, town, India, xiv. 68.
KHUZISTAN, province, Persia, xiv. 68.
KHVATYNSK, town, Russia, xxi. 305.
KHVVAJA KIDHR, island, Sind, India,
xxn. 90.
KHWALISSES, or Khazars, xiv. 59.
KHWARIZM, ancient kingdom (empire
of the Khwarizm shahs), Asia, Xiv.
62; xin. 621; xvi. 740; xvni. 101 ;
xxiii. 162, 660.
KHWASA, town, India, xxi. 665.
KHYBAR PASS, Afghanistan, I. 240;
district of Punjab, XX. 109.
KHYRABAD (Khairabad), town, India,
xiv. 56; xvni. 72; xxn. 102.
KHYRPOOR (Khairpur), town, India,
xiv. 56.
KlACHTA, or Kiakhta, town, Siberia,
xiv. 68; xxiii. 511; xxiv. 11.
KIANG-HAI, town, Siam, xxi. 853.
KIANG HUNG, Shan state, Burmah, xxi.
773-
KIANG TUNG, Shan state, Burmah, xxi.
773-
KlARING, lake, Tibet, xxiii. 339.
KIAT, town, Khiva oasis, Asia, xiv. 64.
KiCKELHAHN, mountain, Germany, xxi.
349-
Km, Skins of, for tanning, xiv. 380,
389; for gloves, x. 692.
KIDD, Captain William, English ad
venturer, xxn. 257.
KIDDAW, bird, xi. 262.
KIDDERMINSTER, town, England, xiv.
68; Baxter's work of reformation in,
in. 455; carpets of, v. 129.
KIDJANG, or Kidang, deer, XVII. 32;
xin. 602.
KIDNAPPING, in law, xiv. 69,
KIDNEY-BEAN, vegetable, xn. 283.
KIDNEYS, their functions, xvn. 683;
diseases of, xvm. 386; Blight's disease,
iv. 345; surgery of, XXII. 691; of
mammals, xv. 366.
KIDRON, brook, Jerusalem, xin. 636.
KIEFER, tree, xix. 103.
KIEFF, government, Russia, xiv. 69;
xxi. 69; principality, XXI. 89.
, town, Russia, Xiv. 69; XXI. 70;
observatory at, xvn. 714; pilgrimages
to, XIX. 95; university of, XXIII. 852.
KIEFT, William, director, New Nether-
land, America, xvn. 454.
KIEL, town, Schleswig-Holstein, Prussia,
xiv. 71; xxi. 415; observatory at,
xvn. 712; university, xxin. 850.
KIELCE, town, Russian Poland, xiv. 71;
government, xix. 309.
KIELLAND, Alexander, Norwegian novel
ist, xvn. 592.
KIER, bleaching apparatus, in. 813.
KIERKEGAARD, Soren, Danish philo
sopher, xiv. 72; vii. 93.
KlESELGUHR, absorbent of nitroglyc-
erin, vn. 583; xvn. 521.
KIESERITE, mineral, xv. 217; xvi. 401;
xix. 588.
KIESERLE, mountain, Germany, xxi.
348.
KIEV (Kieff, q.v.\ town, Russia, Xiv.
69.
KILAUEA, volcano, Hawaii, x. 243; xi.
KILBRICKENITE, mineral, xvi. 395.
KILCREA ABBEY, Cork, Ireland, vi.
405.
KlLCULLEN, Ireland, Round tower of,
XXI. 22.
KlLDARE, county, Ireland, xiv. 72;
population and representation, xxin.
727; town, xiv. 73.
•, Earls of, xin. 260, 261.
KILDRUMMY CASTLE, Aberdeenshire,
Scotland, I. 45; defence of (1335), xv.
524.
KILHAM, Alexander, Wesleyan sectary,
xvi. 189.
KILIA, town, Roumania, Xiv. 73.
KILIAN, St, apostle of Franconia, xiv.
73-
KILIG ARSLAN, Seljuk prince, xxi. 636.
KILIMANE (Quilimane), town, East
Africa, XX. 180; xvir. 7.
KILIMANJARO, mountain, East Africa,
xiv. 73; I. 250.
KILIS (Killiz), town, Syria, xiv. 76.
KILKENNY, county, Ireland, xiv. 74;
population and representation, XXin.
727; coal, II. 106.
•, town, Ireland, xiv. 75; statute of
(1366), xin. 259.
KILLARNEY, town, Ireland, Xiv. 75.
, Lakes of, Ireland, xin. 216; xiv.
51, 76.
KlLLDEER, bird, XIV. 76; XIX. 228.
KILLIECRANKIE, Scotland, Battle of
(1689), vii. 539; xxi. 517.
KILLING TIMES, Scotland, xxi. 517.
KlLLlNGTON, mountain, Vermont,
U.S.A., xxin. 792.
KILLINGWORTH, George, his beard, in.
464.
RAILWAY, England, xx. 224.
KILLIN HILL, cromlech, Ireland, xv.
25.
KlLLINlTE, mineral, xvi. 416, 425.
KiLLiz, town, Syria, xiv. 76.
KILMARNOCK, town, Scotland, xiv. 76.
KILMENY, Hogg's fairy tale, XII. 51.
KlLNS, IX. 840; for brickmaking, iv.
283; for smelting iron ores, Xlll. 291;
maltsters', IV. 269; for baking pottery,
xix. 602, 619, 638, 643.
KILOGRAMME, standard of weight, xxiv.
480, 490.
KILSYTH, town, Scotland, xiv. 77; xxn.
554; battle of (1645), XVI- 796.
KILT, part of dress, of Scottish High
landers, v. 80 1; vi. 478; of early Irish,
xin. 257.
KILTAN, island, Laccadives, Indian
Ocean, Xiv. 183.
KILWINNING, town, Scotland, xiv. 77.
KIM A, New Guinea mussel, xvn. 389.
KIMBERLEY, town, South Africa, xiv.
77; xi. 204.
, district, Western Australia, xxiv.
507.
KIMERIDGE CLAY, in geology, iv. 728;
x. 356.
KIMHI, or Kimchi, Rabbi David, Jewish
grammarian, xiv. 77.
KIMPULUNG, town, Roumania, xiv. 78.
Kl-MviTA, language, East Africa, xxn.
729.
KIN, Next of, in law, xin. 198.
, dynasty of China, v. 647.
KINABALU, mountain, North Borneo,
iv. 56; xxi. 123.
KINABATANGAN, river, North Borneo,
xxi. 123.
KINCARDINE, county, Scotland, xiv.
78; area and population, xxi. 528;
representation, xxin. 727.
KlNCHlNjlNGA, or Kinchinjunga,
mountain, Himalayas, XI. 825; xvn.
34°-
KIN-CHOW Foo, town, China, v. 641.
KINDER, kingdom, Arabia, II. 255.
KINDERGARTEN, educational institu
tion, xiv. 79; vn. 678; ix. 793.
KINDRED, or Consanguinity, vi. 291 ;
ix. 18; personal names based on, xvn.
169; in totem tribes, XXIII. 472.
KINE, town, Egypt, vn. 776.
KINEMATICS, branch of dynamics, vn.
582; xv. 678; xix. 2; of fluids, xn.
461; diagrams in, vn. 149.
KINETIC ENERGY, vm. 206.
KINETICS, branch of dynamics, XIX. 2.
KINETIC THEORY, of diffusion of gases,
vn. 215.
KINETON, town, England, XXIV. 379,
KING, title, xxin. 417; relations of, to
nobility, xvn. 530; prerogatives of,
xix. 673; ancient Roman, xx. 732.
, Edward, friend of Milton, xvi.
326.
, Philip Parker, Australian explorer,
in. 104; xxiv. 5(39.
, Rufus, United States politician,
xxiii. 748.
-, W., on brachiopods, iv. 189.
, William, archbishop of Dublin,
xiv. 80.
ARTHUR'S ROUND TABLE, West
morland, England, xxiv. 516.
KING-BIRD, xiv. 80.
KING CHARLES LAND, island, Spitz-
bergen, xxn. 408.
KING CHARLES'S SOUTH LAND, island,
Tierra del Fuego, xxiii. 384.
KING-CHOW Foo, town, Manchuria, xv.
466.
KING-CRAB, crustacean, vi. 662.
244
K I N — K I S
KlNG-FlSH, XXIV. 738.
KINGFISHER, bird, xiv. 81.
KING GEORGE'S SOUND, Western
Australia, xxiv. 507.
KING HART, Gawaiu Douglas's poem,
vn. 377.
KlNGHORN, town, Scotland, I. 491; IX.
152.
KING HORN, early English romance,
vin. 410; xx. 658.
KING LEAR, Shakespeare's play, xxi.
764.
KINGLET, bird, xiv. 82.
KlNGO, Thomas, Danish poet and hymn-
writer, VII. 90.
Ki-Ncozi, language, Africa, xxn. 729.
KINGS, First and Second Books of, xiv.
S3-
KlNGSBOROUGH, Lord, on Mexican anti
quities, n. 450; XVI. 206.
KINGSBRIDGE, suburb of New York,
XVII. 458.
KING'S COLLEGE, Aberdeen, Scotland,
1-43-
KING'S COLLEGE, Cambridge, iv. 730.
KING'S COLLEGE, London, xxui. 854.
KING'S COUNTY, Ireland, xiv. 86;
population and representation, XXIII.
727.
KING'S EVIL, disease, xxi. 554.
KINGSHIP, in early England, vm. 273,
281.
KINGS' Hows, barrow, Upsala, Sweden,
in. 398.
KING'S INNS, legal school, Dublin, xm.
90.
KlNGSLEY, Charles, English poet and
novelist, Xiv. 88; on Christian social
ism, XXII. 2IO.
KING'S LYNN, town, England, xv. 109;
xvii. 536.
KING'S MOUNTAIN, Sligo, Ireland, xxn.
159.
KING'S QUHAIR (or QUAIR), poem by
James I. of Scotland, vm. 413; xm.
566; xxi. 540.
KINGSTON, town, Ontario, Canada, xiv.
89; xvii. 775.
— , town, Jamaica, xm. 550.
— , town, New York, U.S.A., xiv. 89.
— , "W. H. Giles, English writer of
boys' stories, Xiv 90.
KiNGSTON-ON-THAMES, town, England,
xiv. 89; xxn. 694.
KlNGSTON-UPON-HULL, town, England,
xii. 340.
KINGSTOWN, town, Ireland, xiv. 90;
vn. 494.
— , town, St Vincent, West Indies,
XXI. 201.
KING-TIH CHIN, town, China, xiv. 90.
KING WILLIAM'S TOWN, Cape Colony,
xm. 817.
KlNl-BALU, or Kinabalu, mountain and
lake, Borneo, IV. 56; XXI. 123.
KINKAJOU, carnivorous inaminal, xv.
441.
KIN-LING (Nanking), ancient town,
China, xvii. 171.
KINMONT WILLIE, his rescue from
Carlisle Castle, v. 109.
KINNEIL HOUSE, Linlithgowshire,
Scotland, xiv. 670.
KINO, drug, xiv. 90, 382; tree, vm. 650.
KINROSS, county, Scotland, xiv. 91 ; area
and population, xxi. 528; representa
tion, xxm. 727; town, xiv. 92.
KINSALE, town, Ireland, xiv. 92;
fisheries at, VI. 403; IX. 264.
KlN-SHA-KlANG (Di-chu), river, Tibet,
xxm. 339.
KIOBENHAVN (Copenhagen, q.v.), capital
of Denmark, VI. 343.
KIOTO, town, Japan, xiv. 92; xm.
577-
KIOWAS, American-Indian tribe, xii.
832.
KlPCHAKS, Mongol tribes, xvi. 746,
747; xxm. 660, 661.
KIPPIS, Andrew, English writer, xiv. 93.
KlPPURE, mountains, Ireland, vn. 495;
xxiv. 557.
KIPS, skins for tanning, xiv. 380, 386.
KiR, branch of Nile, Africa, xvii. 506,
508.
KIRATIS, country, Nepal, xvii. 340.
KIRBY, William, English entomologist,
xiv. 93.
KIRCHER, Athanasius, German scholar
and mathematician, xiv. 93; inventor
of magic lantern, XV. 211; on whirl
pools, xxiv. 541.
KlRCHHEIM - UNTER - TECK, town,
Wurtemberg, xiv. 94.
KIRCHHOFF, Gustav R., on radiation,
xx. 215.
— , Johann W. A., on the Greek
alphabet, I. 610.
KIRGHIZ, Tartar tribes, Xiv. 94 ; xxn.
819, 820; xxm. 636.
KIR-HARESETH (Kerak), town, Syria,
xiv. 48.
KIRIA, town, Turkestan, xiv. 67; xxm.
639-
KIRIGALPOTA, mountain, Ceylon, v.
359-
KIRIN, town, Manchuria, xiv. 96 ; XV.
466; province, XV. 466.
KIRJATH ARBA, or Hebron, town, Pales
tine, XL 608.
KIRK, Prof., on New Zealand timbers,
xvii. 469.
KIRKALDY, of Grange, Scottish states
man, xxi. 502.
KIRKBY, John, Gibbon's tutor, x. 573.
— KENDAL, or Kendal, town, Eng
land, xiv. 34; xxiv. 515, 516.
LONSDALE, town, England, xxiv.
515, 516.
KIRKCALDY, town, Scotland, xiv. 96.
KIRKCUDBRIGHT, county, Scotland, xiv.
97 ; area and population, XXI. 528 ;
representation, xxm. 727.
, town, Scotland, XIV. 98.
KlRKE, Edward, friend of Edmund
Spenser, XXII. 393.
KIRKI, or Kirkee, town, India, xiv.
99-
KlRKlNTILLOCH, town, Scotland, xiv.
99.
KIRK-KILISSIA, town, European Turkey,
xiv. 99.
KIRK LAR, monument, Daghestan, Cau
casus, vn. 105.
KIRKSTALL ABBEY, Yorkshire, Eng
land, i. 1 8; xxiv. 749.
KIRKWALL, town, Orkney, Scotland,
xiv. 99; xvii. 848.
KIRMAN, province, Persia, xiv. 99; xxi.
635; town, xviil. 627, 628.
— SHAH (Bahrain IV.), king of Persia,
xvm. 610.
KlRMANSHAHAN, Kermanshah, or Kar-
manshah, town and district, Persia,
xiv. 100; xvm. 628.
KlR-MoAB, town, Syria, xiv. 48.
KIRRIEMUIR, town, Scotland, xiv. 100.
KIRSANOFF, town, Russia, xiv. 100;
xxm. 41.
KlRSCHWASSER, liqueur, v. 586.
KiR SONG DE TSAN (Khri-srong Ideu-
btsan), king of Tibet, Xiv. 229; xxiv.
345-
KIRTLAND, Ohio, U.S.A., first Mormon
settlement, xvi. 826.
KIRWAN (Kairwan), town, Tunis, xm.
824; xvi. 865; xxm. 620.
KIRWANITE, mineral, xvi. 415.
KIRZHATCH, town, Russia, xxiv. 271.
KlS, John, Hungarian writer, xii. 377.
KlSFALUDY, Karoly, Hungarian poet,
xiv. 100; xii. 377.
, Sandor, Hungarian poet, xiv. 101;
xii. 377.
KlSH, of Scripture, xxi. 322.
, island, Persian Gulf, xiv. 101.
KlSHANGANGA, river, India, xiv. 10.
KlSHANGARH, Kishengurh, or Krish-
nagarh, state, India, xiv. 101 ; xx.
260.
KISHICOQUILIS, valley, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xvm. 499.
KiSHl-KASHl, town, Zanzibar, Africa,
xxiv. 768.
KlSHiNEFF, or Kishlanow, town, Mol
davia, xiv. 101; xxi. 70.
KISHM, island, Persian Gulf, xiv. 102.
KlSHR, husk of coll'ee berry, II. 238.
KlS-MARTON (Eiseustadt), town, Hun
gary, VII. 790.
KISO-GAWA, river, Japan, xm. 572.
KlSS, form of greeting, xxi. 236.
, Augustus, German sculptor, xxi.
566.
KISSINGEN, town, Bavaria, Xiv. 102;
artesian well at, n. 645 ; mineral
water of, xvi. 434.
KiSSY, town, Sierra Leone, West Africa,
xxii. 45.
KISTNA, district, India, Xiv. 102.
, river, India, xiv. 103; xv. 184.
K I T — K N U
245
KiTAY-GOROD, quarter of Moscow,
Russia, xvi. 867.
KIT-CAT CLUB, London, xiv. 103.
KlTCHEN-MlDDENS, prehistoric shell-
heaps, II. 1 1 6.
KITE, bird, xiv. 103.
KIT'S COITY (or COTTY) HOUSE, crom
lech, Kent, England, in. 162; xxi.
52.
KITTATINNY MOUNTAINS, New Jersey,
U.S.A., xvii. 396; valley, xxm. 793,
794-
KlTTlGALlS, tribe, Kafiristan, Asia,
xill. 822.
KlTTlTASS, district, Washington Ter
ritory, U.S.A., XXIV. 386.
KITTIWAKE, bird, XI. 274.
KlTTLITZ, Friedrich H., on birds, xvm.
13-
KiTTO, John, English Biblical writer,
xiv. 104.
KITZINGEN, town, Bavaria, xiv. 104.
KlUNG-CHOW FOO (Hainan), island,
China, XL 374; town, XL 375.
KlUPRILI (Koprili), town, Turkey in
Europe, xiv. 140.
KlUSHlU, island, Japan, xill. 569.
KiUTAHlA, town, Asia Minor, xiv.
162.
KIWI, bird, xiv. 104; xvn. 469.
KI-YUEN, town, Manchuria, xv. 466.
KIZIL AGATCH, gulf, Caspian Sea, v.
177-
KIZIL ARSLAN, Persian prince, xvii.
522.
KIZIL ARVAT, town, Transcaspian
Region, Russia, xvi. 42; xxm. 512.
KlZl LEASHES, Persianized Turks, in
Afghanistan, I. 235; in Khiva, Xiv.
64; in Central Asia, xxm. 661.
KIZIL IRMAK, river, Asia Minor, II.
707.
KlziL-KUM, district, Syr-Daria, Asia,
xxil. 820.
KIZIL-SU, river, Turkestan, xxm. 633.
KIZIL UEZEN (or UZAIN), river, Persia,
xin. 213; xvni. 620.
KiziL-YART, mountains, Central Asia,
xvni. 103.
KIZLIAR, or Kizlar, town, Russia, xiv.
106; xxm. 186.
KJ/EMPEVISER, Danish ballads, vn. 90..
KJOLEN MOUNTAINS, Norway, xvn.
575-
KLADNO, town, Bohemia, xiv. 106.
KLAGENFURT, town, Austria, xiv. 106.
KLAMATH, river, Oregon, U.S.A., xvn.
822.
KLANG, town, Malay Peninsula, xxn.
587; river, xv. 321.
KLAPROTH, Heinrich Julius von,
German Orientalist, Xiv. 107.
KLAPROTHITE, mineral, xvi. 394.
KLATTAU, town, Bohemia, xiv. 107.
KLAUSENBURG, town, Hungary, xiv.
107; university of, xxm. 852.
KLAUSTHAL, town, Prussia, xiv. 108.
KLEBER, Jean Baptiste, French general,
xiv. 108.
KLEIN, Jakob T., on birds, xvni. 5; his
contributions to zoology, xxiv. 804.
, Julius Leopold, German dramatist,
xiv. 1 08.
KLEINSEITE, part of Prague, Bohemia,
xix. 658.
KLEIST, Ewald Christian von, German
writer, x. 534.
, Heinrich von, German dramatist,
x. 543-
KLETTENBERG, Susanna K. von, friend
of Goethe, X. 723.
KLETTGAU, district, Switzerland, xxi.
386.
KLEVE (Cleves), town, Prussia, v. 829.
KLIAS, river, North Borneo, xxi. 123.
KLINGENSTIERNA, Samuel, on telescope
construction, xxm. 138.
KLINGER, Friedrich Maximilian von,
German writer, x. 540.
KLINGS, people, Malacca, xv. 323.
KLINTZY, town, Russia, xiv. 108.
KLIPPSPRINGER, antelope, n. 101.
KLIPSTAD, mountain, South Africa,
xxm. 517.
KLIPSTEINITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
KLONOWICZ, Sebastian F., Polish poet,
i. 93; xix. 301.
KLOPSTOCK, Friedrich Gottlieb, German
poet, xiv. 108; x. 535; hymns by,
xii. 588.
KLOSTER-HEILSBRONN, town, Bavaria,
XL 624.
KLOSTERNEUBURG, town, Austria, xiv.
109.
KLOSTER-ZEVEN (Closter-Seven), Prus
sia, Convention of (1757), v. 74 ; vi.
706; IX. 588.
KLYAZMA, river, Russia, xxiv. 279.
KNARESBOROUGH, town, England, xiv.
109.
KNEBELLITE, mineral, xvi. 410.
KNEBWORTH HOUSE, Herts, England,
XL 772.
KNEE-BREECHES, Introduction of, vi.
474-
KNEE-JOINT, Muscles of the, I. 840.
KNEE-PAN, Anatomy of the, I. 829.
KNELLER, Sir Godfrey, painter, xiv.
109.
KNIAZHNIN, Russian dramatist, xxi.
1 06.
, Franciszek D., Polish court-poet,
xix. 303.
KNICKERBOCKER'S HISTORY OF NEW
YORK, Irving's work, xin. 372.
KNIEBISHOHEN, mountain, Black Forest,
Germany, xxiv. 700.
KNIES, Karl, German economist, XIX.
39i-
KNIFE, its manufacture, VI. 734.
KNIGGE, Baron Adolf von, German
mystic, XII. 706.
KNIGHT, KNIGHTS, of chivalry, xiv.
1 10; military service by, n. 568.
KNIGHT, Charles, English author and
publisher, XIV. no; XVIII. 538; his
Cyclopaedia, vin. 204.
FEE, or Knight's Fee, Holder of,
n. 568; xiv. 112.
KNIGHTHOOD, xiv. no; distraint of,
xxiv. 695; precedence in, Xix. 664;
romances of, XX. 633; scutage of, xxi.
572.
KNIGHT OF THE SHIRE, xvni. 305.
KNIGHTS, The, of Aristophanes, n. 508.
, Teutonic, military order, XXI 1 1.
— OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE, mili
tary order, XX I. 670.
— OF LABOUR, political society,
U.S.A., xxm. 786.
— OF ST JOHN, Malta, xv. 343; xxi.
OF THE SWORD, at Riga, xx.
554-
— — TEMPLARS, xvi. 709; xxm. 160.
KNIPRODE, Weinrich von, grand-master
of Teutonic Knights, xxm. 201.
KNITTING, manufacture, xiv. 127; xn.
299.
KNOCKANARIAN, mountain, Ireland,
xxiv. 400.
KNOCK-KNEE, Surgical treatment of,
xxn. 692.
KNOCKMEALDOWN, mountain, Ireland,
xxiv. 400.
KNOLE HOUSE, Kent, England, xiv. 40.
KNOLLES, Richard, English historian,
xiv. 127.
KNOT, KNOTS, Theories of, xiv. 127;
sailors', xiv. 128; xxi. 590.
— , bird, xiv. 129.
KNOTT'S OBSERVATORY, Cuckfield,
England, xvn. 711.
KNOUT, Introduction of, in Russia, xxi.
91.
KNOWLEDGE, different meanings of the
word, xx. 49; in metaphysics, xvi. 80;
xvni. 793; relation of, to belief, in.
533; to logic, xiv. 782, 797; Condil-
lac's theory of, VI. 251; Fichte's, IX.
137; Hume's, xii. 352; in Kant's
philosophy, XIII. 850; Locke's views
on, Xiv. 758, 761; Platonic, XIX. 205;
Socratic, XXII. 237, 266; Stoic theory
of, xxn. 565, 566 ; Xenophanes's,
xxiv. 719.
KNOWLES, James Sheridan, English
dramatist, XIV. 129.
KNOW-NOTHING PARTY, in United
States, xxm. 770.
KNOX, Henry, American Revolutionary
general, xxm. 789.
, John, Scottish Reformer, XIV. 130;
xxi. 500; his attitude towards Queen
Mary, xv. 595; on the church and
education in Scotland, xix. 680.
KNOXVILLE, town, Tennessee, U.S.A.,
xiv. 134.
KNUTSSON, Charles, viceroy, Sweden,
xxil. 746.
246
K N U — K 0 R
KNUTSSON, Torkel, regent of Sweden,
xxii. 745.
KOALA, Australian bear, XV. 379, 382,
383-
KOBE, town, Japan, XL 851; xin. 578;
XVIII. III.
KOBELLITE, mineral, xvi. 395.
KOBELYAKI, town, Russia, xiv. 134;
xix. 410.
KOBRIN, town, Russia, xiv. 134.
KOBT (Coptos), ancient town, Egypt, VI.
355-
KOBURG (Coburg), town, Germany, vi.
91.
KOBURGER, Antony, early German
bookseller, IV. 39.
KOCH, race, India, XII. 791.
KOCHANOWSKI, Jan, Polish poet, xix.
300.
KOCHOVVSKI, Vespasian, Polish writer,
xix. 302.
KOCK, Charles Paul de, French novel
ist, xiv. 134.
, Fort de, town, Sumatra, XXII. 639.
KODAIKANAL, town, India, XV. 192.
KODAS, town, South Africa, XVII. 168.
KODOR, river, Caucasus, v. 253.
KODOSHIM, part of the Mishnah, xvi.
505.
KODUNGALUR, town, India, xiv, 135.
KOEME OIL, xvn. 744.
KOENIG, Rudolphe, on acoustics, I. no,
115, 117, 118.
KOEPFLIN, Wolfgang Fabricius (Capito),
German divine, v. 73.
KOGIA, genus of cetacean mammals, xv.
396.
KOHAT, district, India, XIV. 135; XX.
109; town, XIV. 135.
KoH-I-NOOR, diamond, vil. 166.
KOHISTAN (Irak Adjemi), province,
Persia, xill. 213.
KOHL, Johann Georg, German traveller
and writer, Xiv. 136.
KOHL-RABI, vegetable, IV. 618; Xii.
283; culture of, I. 370.
KOHLRAUSCH, Rudolf H. A., his elec
trical investigations, vill. 39, 42; on
electrolysis, VII. 219; Vill. 48.
KOHLUGA PASS, Central Asia, xn. 3.
KoiSSU, rivers, Caucasus, v. 255.
KOJIKI, Japanese chronicle, xin. 587.
KOKBEKTY, town, Russia in Asia, XXI.
639-
KOKHMA, town, Russia, XXL 849.
KOKONOR, lake, Asia, xiv. 217.
KOKOON, or Gnu, antelope, X. 705.
KOKSOAK, river, Labrador, xiv. 175.
KOKSTADT, town, Cape Colony, XIII. 8 1 7.
KOLABA, district, India, XIV. 136.
KOLA-NUT, XVIL 664; tree, xxi. 662.
KOLAPOOR (Kolhapur), state and town,
India, xiv. 137.
KOLAR, district, India, XIV. 136.
KOLARIANS, race, India, xn. 777.
KOLBERG (Colberg), town, Prussia, vi.
121.
KOLCSEY, Ferencz, Hungarian poet and
orator, xiv. 137; xn. 377.
KOLDEWEY, Captain Karl, German
Arctic explorer, XIX. 323.
KOLDING, town, Denmark, XIV. 137.
KOLEN (Kjolen), mountains, Sweden,
XXII. 736.
KOLHAPUR, state and town, India, xiv.
137-
KOLIK.OD (Calicut), town, India, IV.
693-
KOLIN, town, Bohemia, xiv. 137; battle
of (1757), in. 127.
KOLINSKY, Skins of, ix. 838.
KOLLAR, Jan, Bohemian poet, XXII.
152.
KOLLATAJ, Polish statesman and writer,
xix. 304.
KOLLIKER, Rudolf Albert, naturalist
and anatomist, I. 131, 132; vill. 166,
1 68.
KOLLYRITE, mineral, xvi. 424.
KOLMAR (Colmar), town, German Alsace,
vi. 150.
KoLN (Cologne, q.v.), town, Germany,
vi. 151.
KOLNO, town, Russia, xiv. 817.
KOLOKOL, Russian periodical, XL 774;
xxi. 108.
KOLOMEA, or Kolomyia, town and
district, Austria, xiv. 137.
KOLOMENSKOYE, village, Russia, xvi.
859.
KOLOMNA, town, Russia, xiv. 138.
Ko-LOS, Chinese tribe, xvi. 224.
KOLOUGIS, people of Algeria, I. 564.
KOLOZSVAR, Hungary, University of,
xxni. 852.
KOLS, people, India, xxii. 94.
KOLTZOFF, Russian poet, xxi. 107.
KOLUCHIN BAY, Eastern Siberia, xv.
547-
KOLYMA, river, Siberia, xxiv. 726.
KOLYVAN, town, Asiatic Russia, xxn.
1 1 ; XXIII. 439.
KOLZUM, town, Egypt, XXII. 620.
KOMARIT, mineral, xvi. 425.
KOMEH, lake island, Central Africa,
xvil. 504.
KOMENSKY, Johann Amos (Comenius),
Bohemian educationist and writer, VI.
182; vil. 673; xxn. 152.
KOM KUTCHI, mountain, Montenegro,
xvi. 780.
KOMORN, town, Hungary, xiv. 138.
KOMOTAU, town, Bohemia, Xiv. 138.
KOMUL (Kami), town, Central Asia, XL
409.
KONATHA, or Konasir, Temple of,
Ceylon, XXIII. 573.
KONCAN (Concan), district, India, vi.
238.
KONDRATOWICZ, Ludwik W., Polish
poet, xix. 305.
KONGONE, river, Africa, xxiv. 765.
KONGSBERG, town, Norway, XIV.
138-
KONIEH, province, Asiatic Turkey, xn.
696; xxni. 653; town, xv. 92.
KONIGGRATZ, town, Bohemia, xiv.
138; battle of (1866), in. 140; x.
511.
KONIGINE, mineral, xvi. 402.
KONIGINHOF, town, Bohemia, XIV.
138.
KONIGSBERG, town, Prussia, xiv. 138;
XX. 16; library of, xiv. 546; observ
atory, xvil. 712; university, I. 451;
xxni. 844.
KONIGSHUTTE, town, Prussia, xiv. 139;
xxii. 53.
KONIGSMARK, Hans Christoph von,
his siege of Athens (1687), in. 10.
, Philipp Christoph von, lover of
Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, X. 420;
XXII. 263.
KONIGSSPITZE, peak, Rhsetian Alps, I.
627; xxiv. 45.
KONIGSTEIN, mountain, Transylvania,
xxiii. 521.
KONITZ, town, Russia, xiv. 139.
KONIYEH (Konieh), town, Turkey in
Asia, XII. 696.
KONJAKOFF KAMEN, mountain, Russia,
xxiv. 4.
KONLITE, mineral, xvi. 429.
KONOSHIONI, American-Indian tribes,
XVIL 454.
KONOTOP, town, Russia, xiv. 139 ;
XXIII. 96.
KONSBERGITE, mineral, xvi. 382.
KONSK, town, Poland, XX. 218.
KONSTANTINOGRAD, town, Russia,
xix. 410.
KOODOO, antelope, n. 101.
KOOM (Kum), town, Persia, xiv. 155;
xviii. 626, 628.
KOOSEN, Johann Heinrich, his experi
ment in magnetization, xv. 253.
KOOTUB, or Kutab, minaret, Delhi, XXI.
22; VIL 47.
KOPAL, town, Russia in Asia, XXI. 641.
KOPAONIK, mountain, Servia, XXI.
686.
KOPCZYNSKI, Onufry, Polish gram
marian, xix. 303.
KOPENICK, town, Prussia, xiv. 139.
KOPEPET-DAGH, or Kopet-Dagh, moun-
*• tains, Transcaspian Region, Russia,
xxiii. 511, 631.
KOPPARBERG, county, Sweden, XXII.
741.
KOPPERNIGK (Copernicus, q.v.\ Nico-
laus, German astronomer, vi. 346.
KOPPITE, mineral, XVI. 426.
KOPREINITZ, town, Hungary, xiv. 140.
KOPRILI, town, European Turkey, xiv.
140.
KOPRILI, Turkish viziers, xxni. 645,
646.
KOPURTHELLA, state, India, xiv. 2.
KORAISH, Arab tribe, II. 256; xvi. 545,
559, 563; language of, XXI. 652.
KORAN, The, sacred book of Islam,
K 0 K — K R E
247
xvi. 597; theology of, xxm. 242;
Tabari's commentary on, XXlli. 3.
KORAT, territory, Siam, XIV. 140; XXI.
853; town, XIV. 140.
KORDOFAN, province, Soudan, Africa,
xiv. 140; I. 267; xxn. 278.
KOREA, state, India, xiv. 141; v. 769.
KOREYSH (Koraisli), tribe, Arabia, II.
256; xvi. 545, 559, 563; xxi. 652.
KORIA, state, India, v. 769.
KORINTJI, lake, Sumatra, xxil. 638.
KORITSA, town, Albania, Turkey, xiv.
141.
KoRNER, Karl Theodor, German poet,
xiv. 141.
KOROSKO, desert, Nubia, xvn. 610.
KOROTCHA, town, Russia, xiv. 142.
KOROTOYAK, town, Russia, xiv. 142;
xxiv. 298.
KORS, tribe, Lithuania, Russia, xiv.
702.
KORSAKOFF, town, Saghalin, Asia, xxi.
147.
KORSOR, town, Denmark, xxiv. 771.
KORTCHEVA, town, Russia, xxm. 672.
KORTRYK (Courtrai), town, Belgium,
vi. 520.
KORYAKS, race of people, Eastern Si
beria, xv. 548.
KORZENIOWSKI, Joseph, Polish novelist,
xix. 305.
Kos (Cos), island, Asia Minor, VI. 444.
KOSA-DAGH, mountains, Transcaucasia,
Russia, xxm. 514.
KOSCHTAN TAU, mountain, Caucasus,
v. 252.
KOSCIUSKO, Mount, New South Wales,
xvn. 408.
, Thaddeus, Polish patriot, xiv. 142;
xix. 298.
KOSEN, spa, Germany, xvn. 249.
KOSHAUB (Khushab), town, India, xiv.
68.
KOSHKAR, river, Syr-Daria, Asia, xxn.
819.
KOSHOD, or Khoshod, Mongol tribes, iv.
710; xvi. 744, 749.
Kosi, town, India, Xiv. 143.
KOSIN, active principle of kousso, xiv.
145.
KOSLIN, town, Prussia, xiv. 143.
KOSLOFF, or Kozloff, town, Russia, Xiv.
143; xxm. 41.
KOSMOS, Humboldt's work, XII. 345.
KOSOVO, province, Turkey in Europe,
xxm. 653; battle of (1389), I. 781;
xxi. 689; xxm. 641; battle of (1448),
I. 782.
KOSSLOWSKI, author of Greek Orthodox
Confession, xvi. 544.
KOSSMANN, R., on classification of para
sites, xvni. 261.
KOSSO, or Kousso, drug, Xiv. 145.
KOSSOGOL, lake, Siberia, xxn. 5; xxm.
509.
KOSSUTH, Louis, Hungarian leader, xn.
3715 "I- 137-
KOSTENDIL, town, Bulgaria, Turkey,
xiv. 143.
KOSTER, or Coster, Laurens, Dutch
printer, xiv. 143; xxm. 689, 691.
, Samuel, Dutch dramatist, vn. 444;
xn. 94.
ISLANDS, Sweden, xxn. 737.
KOSTOMAROFF, Nikolaus, Russian his
torian, xxi. 1 08.
KOSTROMA, government, Russia, xiv.
143; xxi. 69; town, xiv. 143.
KOSVA, river, Russia, xxiv. 279.
KOTAH, state, India, xiv. 143; xx.
260.
KOTAIBA, Ibn, Arab historian, xvi.
596; xxm. 3.
KOTAS, hill tribe, India, xvn. 509.
KOTELNITCH, town, Russia, xxiv. 303.
KOTHE, H., German writer on mne
monics, xvi. 533.
KOTHEN, town, Germany, xiv. 144.
KOT KAMALIA, town, India, xvi. 789.
KOTLIAREVSKI, Ivan, Russian poet, xxi.
1 10.
KOTOSHIKHIN, Gregory Karpoff, Russian
writer, XXI. 105.
KOTRI, town, India, xiv. 144.
KOTSCHUBEYITE, mineral, XVI. 414.
KOTTBUS, town, Prussia, xiv. 144.
KOTTIGITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
KOTZEBUE, August Friedrich Ferdinand
von, German dramatist, xiv. 144; his
influence on German drama, VII. 443.
, Otto von, Russian navigator, xiv.
145; x. 193.
KOUBR, mausoleum, in Algeria, II. 419.
KOUEN-LUN (Kuen-Lun, q.v.\ moun
tains, Tibet, II. 684; xiv. 152.
KouiS, tribes, Siam, XXI. 852.
KOULAN, wild ass, n. 717.
KOUMISS, fermented mare's milk, IV.
264; XVI. 305; distillation of, vil. 264.
KOURBSKI, Andrew, Russian prince,
xxi. 92, 104.
KOUSHID KHAN KALA, town, Merv
oasis, Asia, xvi. 42.
Kousso, drug, xiv. 145.
KOUYUNJIK, or Kuyunjik, remains of
Nineveh, II. 397; xvn. 512.
KOVALEVSKI, Michael, Russian jurist,
xxi. 1 08.
KOVEL, town, Russia, XXIV. 282.
KOVNO, government, Russia, xiv. 145;
xxi. 69; town, xiv. 146.
KOVROFF, town, Russia, xiv. 146;
population, xxiv. 271.
KOWALEWSKY, A., Russian naturalist,
XXIV. 178; on cellular embryology,
xxiv. 8 10.
KOWLOON, suburb of Hong Kong, China,
xn. 141.
KOYUNJIK, remains of Nineveh, II. 397;
xvn. 512.
KOZELETS, town, Russia, xxm. 96.
KOZELSK, town, Russia, xiv. 146.
KOZIENICE, town, Russian Poland, XX.
218.
KOZLOFF, town, Russia, xiv. 143; xxm.
41.
-, Ivan, Russian poet, xxi. 107.
KOZMODEMYANSK, town, Russia, xiv.
20.
KRA, isthmus, Malay Peninsula, XV. 320;
xxi. 851.
KRAFFT, or Kraft, "Adam, German sculp
tor, xiv. 146; xxi. 565; carvings of,
at Nuremberg, xvn. 663.
KRAGUSHEVATZ, town, Servia, xxi.
688.
KRAIN (Carniola), Austria, v. 121.
KRAIT, Indian snake, xxn. 196.
KRAJOVA, town, Roumania, Xiv. 146.
KRAKATOA, volcano, Indian Archipelago,
xxn. 653.
KRAKOV (Cracow, q.v.), toAvn, Austrian
Poland, VI. 540.
KRAMA, Javanese language, xm. 608.
KRAMER, Gerhard, Belgian cartographer,
xv. 520; xvi. 30.
KRAMER, on birds, XVIIL 8.
KRANICHFELD, district, Germany, xxi.
348.
KRANKENHEIL, spa, Bavaria, xvi. 434.
KRANTZ, Albert, German historian, xiv.
146.
KRANTZITE, mineral, xvi. 428.
KRAPACKS, or Carpathian Mountains
(q.v.\ v. 126.
KRAPIVNA, town, Russia, xxm. 605.
KRAPP, Catherine, wife of Melanchthon,
xv. 833.
KRASICKI, Ignatius, Polish bishop and
poet, xix. 303.
KRASINSKI, Sigismund, Polish poet,
xix. 304.
KRASNOSLOBODSK, town, Russia, xvni.
5i5-
KRASNOVODSK, town, Transcaspian
Region, Russia, xvi. 42; xxm. 513.
KRASNOYARSK, town, Siberia, xiv. 147;
xxn. n; xxiv. 743.
KRASNYI KHOLM, town, Russia, xxm.
672.
KRASZEWSKI, Joseph Ignaz, Polish
novelist, XIX. 305.
KRAURITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
KRAWANG, town, Java, xin. 606.
KREASOTE (Creasote), antiseptic, drug,
and poison, VI. 556; XXIII. 57.
KREFELD (Crefeld), town, Germany, vi.
565; xxn. 65.
KREIS, Prussian administrative division,
xx. 18.
KRELI'S COUNTRY, Cape Colony, xin.
817.
KREMENETZ, town, Russia, xiv. 147;
population, xxiv. 282.
KREMENTCHUG, town, Russia, xiv.
147; xix. 410.
KREMERSITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
KREMLIN, citadel of Moscow, Russia,
xvi. 856.
KREMNITZ, town, Hungary, xiv. 147.
KREMSIER, town, Austria, xiv. 147.
248
K R E — K U P
KREMSMUNSTER, Austria, Observatory
at, xvii. 713.
KRESTOWAJA, pass, Caucasus, v. 255.
KRESTSY, town, Russia, xvii. 607.
KREUTZER, Conradin, German musical
composer, xiv. 147.
KREUZNACH, town, Prussia, xiv. 148;
mineral water of, xvi. 434.
KRIEMHILD, heroine of the Nibelung-
enlied, xvii. 475.
KRIES, G., German economist, xix.
392-
KRILOFF, town, Russia, xvii. 608.
— , Ivan Andreevitch, Russian fabul
ist, xiv. 148; xxi. 1 06.
KRIMMITZSCHAU, or Crimmitzschau,
to\vn, Saxony, vi. 590.
KRIM TATARS, people, Russia, xvi.
748.
KRIMTCHAKS, community of Russian
Jews, xiv. 4.
KRINITZ, Madame, Heine's "Mouche,"
XL 627.
KRIS, Javanese weapon, xin. 604.
KRISHNA (Kistna), district, India, xiv.
102, 103; river, xiv. 103; xvii. 123.
KRISHNAGAR, town, India, xiv. 148;
xvii. 161.
KRISHNAGARH (Kisliangarli), state,
India, xiv. 101.
KRISUVIGITE, mineral, xvi. 402.
KRITIK DER REINEN VERNUNFT,
Kant's work, xm. 850.
KRIVE-KRIVEYTO, Lithuanian chief
priest, xiv. 701.
KRIVITCHI, tribe, Lithuania, xiv. 702.
KRIZHANICH, Yuri, Russian writer, xxi.
105.
KRKONOSE, mountain, Bohemia, XX.
552.
KROBAT (Kubrat), Hunnic chief, xn.
382.
KROKIDOLITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
KROLEVETZ, town, Russia, xiv. 148.
KROMER, Martin, Polish historian, xix.
301.
KRONBERG CASTLE, Elsinore, Denmark,
vin. 155.
KRONOBERG, county, Sweden, xxn.
741.
KRONSTADT (Cronstadt), town, Austria,
vi. 608.
(Cronstadt), town, Russia, vi. 607.
KROTOSCHIN, town, Prussia, xiv. 148.
KROVELETS, town, Russia, xxm. 96.
KRUDENER, Baroness von, Russian
pietist, xiv. 149.
KRUILOFF, or Kriloff, Ivan A., Russian
fabulist, xiv. 148; xxi. 106.
K RUM EN, Negro race, West Africa, xiv.
149.
KRUMMACHER, Friedrich Adolf, German
religious writer, Xiv. 149.
— , Friedrich Wilhelm, German pietist,
xiv. 149.
— , Gottfried Daniel, German pietist,
xiv. 149.
KRUMMHOLZ, tree, xix. 104.
KRUNEN (Cronstadt), town, Austria, vi.
608.
KRUNG-KRAO (Ayuthia), town, Siam,
xxi. 852.
KRUPP, Friedrich, his cannon foundries,
vin. 550; his cannon, n. 557; XL 290.
KRUS (Krumen), Negro people, West
Africa, xiv. 149.
KRUSENSTERN, Adam John, Russian
navigator, xiv. 149.
KRYLOFF (Kriloff), Ivan A., Russian
fabulist, xiv. 148.
KRYM, or Crimea (y-v.), peninsula,
Russia, VI. 585.
KRYUKOFF, town, Russia, xiv. 147.
KRZEZOWICE, village, Austrian Poland,
vi. 541.
KSHATTRIYAS, Hindu caste, iv. 203,
204; v. 188; xn. 781; xviii. 72.
KSHEMANKARA, Sanskrit writer, xxi.
287.
KTAADN, mountain, New England,
U.S.A., xxm. 792.
KTO VINOVAT? Hertzen's story, XL 773.
KUANGO, affluent of the Congo, Africa,
xxiv. 765.
KUBA, town, Caucasus, Russia, xiv. 1 50.
KUBAN, district and government, Russia,
xiv. 150; river, v. 254; xxi. 74.
KUBASOFF, Sergius, Russian chronicler,
XXI. 105.
KUBLAI, ancient town, China, IV. 722.
KHAN, Mongol ruler, xiv. 150;
XVI. 742; emperor of China, v. 648;
xix. 405 ; his conversion to Buddhism,
xiv. 229.
KUBRAT, Hunnic chief, xn. 382.
KUBUS, race of people, Sumatra, xx 1 1.
640.
KuCHAN, town and district, Persia,
Xiv. 152.
KUCH BEHAR, state, India, xiv. 152.
KiiCHENMEiSTER, Friedrich, on tape
worms, xxm. 50.
KUDAT HARBOUR, North Borneo, xxi.
123.
KUDIAKAD, mountain, India, XVII.
509.
KUDIAL-KALA (Kuba), town, Caucasus,
Russia, xiv. 150.
KUDRIAVTZOFF, Peter N., Russian his
torian, XXL 1 08.
KUDUS, town, Java, xm. 606.
KUEN-LUN, mountains, Tibet, xiv. 152;
II. 684; v. 630; xxm. 339, 341, 637.
KUFA, district, Mesopotamia, xvi. 51;
town, xvi. 564, 570.
KUFRA, oasis, Africa, xvn. 695.
KUH ALA DAGH, mountain, Persia, Xiv.
66.
KUH DINAR, mountains, Persia, xvin.
619.
KUH KHORKUD, mountain, Persia, xiv.
66.
KUHLAU, Frederik, Danish musical com
poser, vii. 94.
KUHNA SHAHR (Kashgar), town, Turke
stan, Xiv. 7; xxm. 639.
KUHNITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
KUHORN, Martin (Bucer), German Re
former, IV. 411.
KuiLU, river, West Africa, xiv. 742.
KUKA, or Kukawa, town, Bornu, Africa,
xiv. 153; I. 271; iv. 61; xxn. 279.
KUKAYA, Simeon, Syriac hymn-writer,
XXII. 832.
KUKI HILLS, district, India, xv. 69.
Ku-KLUX-KLAN, secret society, United
States, XXlll. 784.
KUKRI, Nepalese weapon, xxii. 802.
KUKU KHOTO, town, China, xiv. 153.
KULAB, district, Central Asia, xn. 3.
KULABAGH (Kalabagh), town, India,
xm. 826.
KULASE KHARAPATNAM, town, India,
xxiu. 405.
KULDJA, Old and New, towns, Central
Asia, xiv. 154.
KULIKOVO, Russia, Battle of (1380),
xxi. 91.
KULLU, district, India, xiv. 1 54.
KULM, town, Prussia, xiv. 154; battle
of (1813), xvn. 220.
KULMAS, Louise Adelgunde Victorie,
German authoress, x. 856.
KULMBACH, town, Bavaria, xiv. 1 54.
KULUK. KHAN, Mongol ruler, xvi. 742.
KUM, town, Persia, Xiv. 155; xvin.
626, 628.
KUMA, river, Caucasus, v. 254; xxi. 74;
xxn. 472.
KUMAON (Kumaun), province, India,
XL 823.
KuMASSI (Coomassie), town, West
Africa, VI. 336.
KUMAUN, district and division, India,
xiv. 155; XL 823; xvii. 572.
KUMBH-MELA, Indian festival, XL 475.
KUMBUR, Baluchi chief, in. 300.
KUMMEL, liqueur, XIV. 687.
KUMPTA, town, India, xiv. 155.
KUMSA, river, Russia, xvn. 772.
KUNASHIR, one of the Kurile Islands,
Asia, xiv. 1 60.
KUNCH, town, India, xiv. 155.
KUNCKEL, Johann, his researches in
chemistry, v. 460.
KUNDT, August, his experiments on
sound, I. 1 1 6.
KUNDUZ, river and province, Afghani
stan, I. 241, 242.
KUNERSDORF, Prussia, Battle of (1759),
in. 128; xxi. 99.
KUNGUR, town, Russia, xiv. 155 ;
xviii. 550.
KUNTAMPOH, town, West Africa, xx.
153-
KUOPIO, province, Finland, IX. 217;
town, XXiv. 209.
KUPANG, town, Timor, Indian Archi
pelago, xxm. 398.
KUPARENTO, Jordaki, Polish aeronaut,
I. 201.
K U P — L A B
249
KUPFERBLAU, mineral, xvi. 411.
KURA, river, Transcaucasia, Russia, XXI.
74; xxiil. 513.
KURAL, Tamil poem, xxm. 43.
KURAN, or Koran (q.v.), xvi. 597.
KURBSKI, Prince Andrew, Russian
writer, XXI. 92, 104.
KURDISTAN, country, "Western Asia,
xiv. 155; xxm. 653; Nestorians of,
xvii. 357.
KURD LANGUAGE, Dictionaries of, vn.
190.
KURDS, race of people, Western Asia,
ii. 712; xiv. 156.
KUREN (Old Kuldja), town, Central
Asia, xiv. 154.
KURENBERG, Von, Austrian poet, xvii.
476.
KURGAN, town, Siberia, xiv. 160; xxn.
1 1 ; XXIII. 430.
KURGANS, sepulchral mounds, Kertch,
Russia, xiv. 53.
KURILE ISLANDS, North-Eastern Asia,
xiv. 160; xni. 569, 570.
KURINIANS, Caucasian tribe, xiv. 475.
KURISCHE HAFF, lagoon, Prussia, xx.
20.
KURLA, town, Turkestan, xxm. 639.
KURLAND (Courland), province, Russia,
VI. 515; xxi. 69.
KURMIS, class of society, India, xvni.
72.
KURNAL, district, India, xx. 109.
KURNEH, Egypt, Temple of, vn. 779.
KURRACHEE, district, India, xiv. 160;
town, xiv. 161.
KuRRAM, river, Afghanistan, I. 230.
KURSK, government, Russia, Xiv. 161;
xxi. 69; town, xiv. 1 6 1.
KURSNER, Conrad (Pellicanus), German
theologian, xvni. 477.
KuRU, mountains, Persia, XVIII. 619.
KURUASSA, town, Niger, Africa, XVII.
496.
KURUMBAS, hill tribe, India, XVII. 509;
xxm. 42.
KURUSH (Cyrus), Persian king, xvni.
564.
KURYANIN-KARA, mountain chain,
Transcaspian Region, Russia, xxm.
511.
KUSHADASSI, town, Asia Minor, xxi.
361.
KUSHLEK, Mongol chief, Xlll. 621.
KUSHTIA, town, India, xvii. 161.
Kusi, river, India, in. 626; xvii. 340.
KUSIMANSE, carnivorous mammal, XV.
437-
KUSSNACHT, Bay of, Lake of Lucerne,
Switzerland, XV. 41.
KUSTENDJE, town, Roumania, xiv.
161.
KiJSTRlN, town, Prussia, Xiv. 162.
Ku-su (Su-Chow), town, China, xxn.
617.
KUSUGA, Shinto temple of, Nara, Japan,
xvii. 229.
KUSUNDAS, Nepalese race, xvii. 341.
KUTAIAH, town, Asia Minor, Xiv. 162.
KUTAIS, town, Caucasus, Russia, xiv.
162; xxm. 514; government, xxm.
5i3-
KUTAYA (Kutaiah), town, Asia Minor,
xiv. 162.
KUTCHUK-KAINARDJI, Walachia, Peace
of (1774), xxi. 18; xxm. 647.
KUTCHUK-MENDER, river, Asia Minor,
ii. 708.
KUTCHUM, fort, Siberia, xxm. 430.
KUTNO, town, Russian Poland, xxiv.
375-
KUTSHUK-KAINARDJI, Walachia, Treaty
of (1774), xxi. 18; xxm. 647.
KUTTENBERG, town, Bohemia, Xiv.
162.
KUTUSOFF, Mikhail J. G., Russian
general, xvii. 217.
KUTY, to\vn, Austria, xiv. 162.
KUXHAFEN (Cuxhaven), town, Ger
many, vi. 742.
KUYUNJIK, ruins of Nineveh, xvii. 512;
n. 397-
KUZNETSK, town, Siberia, xiv. 162;
xxi. 305; xxn. ii; xxm. 439.
KVASS, Russian beer, IV. 264.
KWALA KUNGSA, town, Straits Settle
ments, Asia, XXII. 587.
KWALA LUMPUR, town, Straits Settle
ments, Asia, xxn. 587.
KWANG-CHOW Foo, or Canton (q.v.),
China, v. 37.
KWANG-SE, province, China, v. 640.
KWANG-TUNG, province, China, V.
639-
KWANNON, Japanese goddess, Temple
of, xxm. 433.
KWANTZE, Chinese musical instrument,
xvii. 705.
KWEI-CHOW, province, China, V. 640.
KWEI-LING Foo, town, China, v. 640.
KWEI-YANG FOO, town, China, v. 640.
KwON-ZA-LENG, river, British Burmah,
XXI. 239.
KWORRA (Niger), river, Africa, xvii.
496.
KYAN, or Kaiyan, town, Persia, xvin.
627.
KYD, Thomas, English dramatist, vn.
429; xxi. 763.
KYLAS, Cave-chambers of, Ellora, India,
n. 395-
KYLE, district, Ayrshire, Scotland, in.
163.
KYLOES, breed of cattle, I. 389.
KYNETOSKIAS CYATHUS, species of
Polyzoa, xix. 438.
KYOUK-HPYU, district, Burmah, xiv.
162.
KYROSITE, mineral, xvi. 390.
KYRRE, Olaf, Norwegian king, xvn.
587.
KYSHTYM, town, Russia, xvni. 550.
KYTHAL (Kaithal), town, Punjab,
India, xni. 825.
T the twelfth letter of the alphabet,
•*-'» xiv. 163.
LAACHER SEE, lake, Rhenish Prussia,
xx. 20.
LAAR, or Laer, Pieter van, Dutch
painter, xiv. 200.
LA BADIE, Jean de, French Pietist, xiv.
163.
LABADISTS, religious sect, xiv. 163.
LABARUM, sacred standard, xiv. 164.
LABBAYS, Indian race, xn. 746; xv. 185.
LABE, Louise, French poetess, ix. 651.
LABEL MOULDING, in architecture, n.
466.
LABEM (Aussig), town, Bohemia, in. 101.
LABEO, Marcus Antistius, Roman jurist,
xiv. 164.
, Notker, monk of St Gall, XVII.
597-
LABER, Dypold, German transcriber,
xxm. 682.
LABERINTO, El, Juan de Mena's poem,
xvi. i.
LABERIUS, Decimus, Latin farceur, xiv.
164.
LABICUM, ancient town, Italy, xiv.
344-
LABID, Arabic poet, xvi. 537.
LABIENUS, Titus, Roman general, xiv.
165; xvni. 286.
LABOUR, xiv. 165; xix. 463; in early
times, I. 294; in relation to capital,
xxiv. 48; influence of communism on,
VI. 217; diet suitable for, VII. 202;
free trade in, ix. 761; legislation with
respect to, xiv. 166; in mining, XVI.
449; rents paid in, XX. 403; socialist
views of, xxn. 206, 21 1 ; in relation
to wages, xxiv. 306; in relation to
wealth, xxiv. 461; Lassalle's views
on capital and, xiv. 32 1 ; Ricardo's,
xix. 374; Rodbertus's, xx. 616; Adam
Smith's, xix. 367.
LABOURDONNAIS, B. F. Mahe de(i699~
1753), French governor, Mauritius,
xv. 641.
-, F. B. Mahe de (1795-1840), French
chess-player, v. 60 1.
LABOURERS, Farm, i. 408.
LABOUR LAWS, xiv. 165.
LABOURS, The Twelve, of Hercules, XL
726.
LABRADOR, territory, North America,
xiv. 175; Eskimos of, vin. 544.
LABRADOR-DUCK, bird, in. 735.
LABRADORITE, mineral, xvi. 420.
LABRANG, Buddhist temple, Lhasa,
Tibet, xiv. 228, 499.
LA BREA, pitch lake, Trinidad, West
Indies, xxm. 573.
LA BREDE, Baron de (Montesquieu, q.v.\
xvi. 782.
LABRUNIE, Gerard (G. de Nerval),
French writer, x. 441.
LABRUS, genus of fishes, xxiv. 686.
LA BRUYERE, Jean de, French moralist,
xiv. 177; ix. 663.
XXV. — 32
250
L A B — L A PI
LABUAN, island, Indian Archipelago,
xiv. 178; coal of, VI. 59.
LABUK, river, North Borneo, xxi. 123.
LABURNUM, tree, xiv. 179; n. 318.
LABYRINTH, in mythology, xiv. 179;
of Fayoum, Egypt, II. 387; vn. 774.
• , in gardening, xiv. 180.
LABYRINTHODONTA, order of Amphibia,
1.751.
LABYRINTHULIDEA, class of Protozoa,
xix. 843.
LAC, resinous incrustation, xiv. 1 8 1 ;
Indian, XII. 752; dye, vn. 575.
LA CAILLE, spa, France, xxi. 332.
LACAILLE, Nicolas Louis de, French
astronomer, xiv. 182; II. 757; his
measurement of arc of meridian, vn.
598.
LA CALLE, or La Gala, town, Algeria,
xiv. 182.
LA CALPRENEDE, Gautier de Gostes de,
French romancist, xx. 659.
LA CAVA, town, Italy, v. 259; library,
xiv. 530, 548.
LACCADIVES, islands, Indian Ocean,
xiv. 182.
LACCO, spa, Ischia, Italy, xiu. 385.
LACE, XIV. 183; gold and silver, x.
753; point d'Alengon, 1.477; factories
in England, vin. 233 ; in France, IX.
521; Heathcoat's machines for making,
xi. 590.
LACED^MON, state, Greece, xiv. 193;
xxii. 369.
LACEPEDE, Bernard G. E. de la Ville,
Comte de, French naturalist, xiv.
191; on fishes, XII. 633; on reptiles,
XX. 434.
LACERDA, Francisco Jose, African ex
plorer, x. 189; I. 246.
LACERTILIA, order of reptiles, xiv.
732; classification of, xx. 439, 444.
LA CHALOSSE, district, Landes, France,
xiv. 272.
LA CHALOTAIS, Louis Rene de Cara-
deuc de, French politician, xiv. 191.
LA CHAPELLE, artesian wells, in Paris,
n. 645.
LA CHARITE, town, France, xvn. 496.
LACHES, dialogue of Plato, xix. 196.
LACHINE CANAL, St Lawrence, Canada,
xxi. 181; rapids, xvi. 794; xx. 165;
xxi. 181.
LACHISH, town, Palestine, xiv. 192.
LA CHIUSA, town, Italy, v. 676.
LACHLAN, river, Australia, xvn. 62, 408.
LACHMANN, Karl Konrad Friedrich
Wilhelm, German philologist, xiv.
192; on the Homeric poems, XII. 117;
on the Nibelungenlied, xvn. 467.
LACHRYMA CHRISTI, wine, xxiv. 610.
LACIBI (Loja), ancient town, Spain, xiv.
8 10.
LACIDULERMIUM (Grazalema), ancient
town, Spain, xi. 78.
LACKENBY IRON-WORKS, England,
Blowing engines at, in. 551.
LACKER, or Lacquer, varnish, xiv. 194;
xiii. 590, 592; xxiv. 92.
LA COMBE, Francis de, Madame Guyon's
director, XI. 342.
LA CONDAMINE, Charles Marie do,
French geographer and mathematician,
XIV. 193; his explorations in South
America, X. 189.
LACONIA, state, ancient Greece, xiv. 193;
xxii. 369.
LACONIAN DIALECT, of Greek, xi.
133-
LACONICUM, ancient bath, in. 434.
LACORDAIRE, Jean Baptiste Henri,
French orator, xiv. 193.
LACQUER, varnish, xiv. 194; Japanese,
xin. 592; xxiv. 92.
- WARE, Japanese, xin. 590, 592.
LACRETELLE, Charles de, French his
torian and journalist, xiv. 194.
LACROSSE, game, xiv. 195.
LA CROSSE, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
xiv. 195; population, xxiv. 617.
LACRYMAL APPARATUS, of the human
eye, I. 891.
LACRYMAL GLAND, Diseases of, xvn.
786.
LACRYMATORY, ancient utensil, xiv.
195-
LACTANTIUS FIRMIANUS, early Christian
writer, xiv. 195.
LACTATION, Diet during, vn. 205.
LACTIC ACID, xiv. 196.
LACTIC ORGANS, of Mammalia, xv. 368;
xvi. 301.
LACTOMETER, dairy instrument, I. 168;
xn. 542; xvi. 305.
LACTOSE, variety of sugar in milk, xvi.
3°3-
LACTUCARIUM, narcotic substance, xvn.
231.
LACY, Hugo de, his power in Ireland,
xin. 259.
LADAK, district, Tibet, xiv. 197; xxni.
339-
LADAS, statue by Myron, xvn. 120.
LADDER HILL, St Helena, Atlantic, xxi.
171.
LADDERS, in mines, xvi. 461.
LADIK, or Ladikiyeh, town, Asia Minor,
xiv. 293, 323; xv. 92.
LADIN (or LADING) LANGUAGE, Ro
mance dialect, xiu. 492; xx. 668.
LADISLAUS, king of Naples, xx. 803.
- I., king of Poland, xix. 287.
, czar of Russia, xxi. 95.
LA DIXMERIE, Nicolas Bricaire de,
French writer, xiv. 198.
LADO, town, on Nile, Africa, xvn. 506.
LADOGA, Lake, Russia, xiv. 199; xvn.
764.
, New, town, Russia, xiv. 199.
LADON, river, Greece, xvn. 765.
LADRONE ISLANDS, North Pacific
Ocean, XIV. 199; XVI. 256; XVIII.
128.
LADY, title, xxni. 417.
LADY-BIRD, beetle, vi. 134; xin. ,50;
destroyer of wheat-pests, xxiv. 535.
LADY OF THE LAKE, Scott's poem, xxi.
548.
L^EMARGUS, genus of sharks, xxi. 777.
LAENNEC, Rene Theodore Hyaeinthe,
inventor of stethoscope, xiv. 200; in.
100; xv. 816; xx. 181.
LAER, Pieter van, Dutch painter, xiv.
200.
L/ESTRYGONES, mythic race of giants,
xiv. 200; xix. 559.
L/EVI, Ligurian tribe, Italy, xin. 446;
xiv. 639.
L^VOGLUCOSE, or Lsevulose, constituent
of honey, ix. 96; xn. 136; xxn. 624.
LA FARINA, Giuseppe, Italian writer
and politician, XIV. 201.
LA FAYETTE, town, Indiana, U.S.A.,
xiv. 201.
LA FAYETTE, Marie Jean Paul, Marquis
de, French general and statesman,
XIV. 201; IX. 594, 603; in America,
xxni. 743, 745.
LAFAYETTE, Marie M. P., Comtcsse de,
French writer, IX. 659.
COLLEGE, at Easton, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xxni. 857.
LAFITAU, Joseph Francois, Jesuit mis
sionary, North America, xvn. 137.
LA FLECHE, town, France, xiv. 203;
xxi. 314.
LA FONTAINE, Jean de, French poet
and fabulist, xiv. 203; vin. 839; ix.
657; his relations Avith Racine, xx.
204.
LAFOSSE, Charles de, French painter,
xiv. 207.
LAFUENTE, Modesto, Spanish historian,
xxn. 362.
LAGENIDEA, order of Protozoa, xix.
847.
LAGHOUAT, town, Sahara, Africa, xxi.
149.
LAGOMORPHA, section of rodent mam
mals, xv. 421.
LAGOMYID^, family of rodent mammals,
xv. 421.
LAGOPUS, genus of birds, XL 222.
LAGOS, town, Portugal, xiv. 207.
, British settlement, West Africa,
xiv. 207; xxiv. 754.
LAGOTHRIX, genus of apes, n. 1 53.
LAGRANGE, Joseph Louis, mathema
tician, xiv. 207; xix. 281; his con
tributions to algebra, I. 515 ; vin.
500; 011 the infinitesimal calculus,
xin. 12 ; on lunar and planetary
perturbations, n. 761; on the lunar
theory, XVI. 801; on the theory of
parallels, XVIII. 255.
LAG REN EE, Louis Jean Frangois, French
painter, xiv. 211.
LACUNA, town, Teneriffe, iv. 799.
LAHARPUR, town, India, xxn. 102.
LAHIRE, Laurent de, French painter,
xiv. 211.
L A H — L A M
251
LAHN, river, Germany, xvn. 238; xx.
519.
LA HOGUE, France. Battle of (1692),
ix. 579; xxiv. 580.
LAHORE, division and district, India,
xiv. 21 1 ; XX. 109; conquest of, by
Malimud, XV. 286.
, town, India, Xiv. 212; Punjab
University at, XXIII. 856.
LAHR, town, Baden, Germany, xiv. 215.
LAI, or Lay, in French literature, XV.
541.
LAIBACH, town, Austria, xiv. 215; con
gress of (1821), xni. 486; xvi. 201.
LAIGLE, town, France, xvm. 2.
LAILA AND MAJNUN, poem of Nizami,
xvn. 522.
LAING, Alexander Gordon, African ex
plorer, xiv. 216.
, David, Scottish antiquary, XIV.
216.
, Malcolm, Scottish historian, xiv.
216.
LAISHEFF, town, Russia, xiv. 20.
LAISSEZ FAIRE, economic doctrine, xix.
360.
LAISSEZ FAIRE, theory of government,
XL 17.
LAI-YANG, town, China, xiv. 216.
LAKA, Tibetan tribe, xxm. 344.
LAKE, LAKES, xiv. 216; as reservoirs,
xxiv. 405 ; temperature of, VI. 4;
water of, xxiv. 398; of Central
Africa, xvn. 505; of the St Lawrence,
xxi. 177.
- DWELLINGS, xiv. 222; 11. 116,
384; crannogs, vi. 552; xxiv. 563.
LAKE-FISHING, angling, n. 39.
LAKE IRON ORES, xm. 287.
LAKENA, atoll, Polynesia, xix. 420.
LAKE OF THE WOODS, Minnesota,
U.S.A., xvi. 476.
LAKE PIGMENTS, xix. 87.
LAKHIMPUR, district, Assam, India,
xiv. 224.
LAKHMIDS, Kingdom of the, Arabia,
xvi. 545.
LAKHNADON, plateau, India, xxi. 665.
LAKHNAOTI, town, India, x. 112.
LAKOJA, station, on the Niger, Africa,
xvii. 498.
LAKSANA PHRA, Siamese law treatises,
xxi. 856.
LAKSHMANASENA, dynasty of Bengal,
India, X. 112.
LALANDE, Joseph Jerome Lefrangais de',
French astronomer, xiv. 225.
LA-LIN, town, Manchuria, xv. 466.
LALIN, town, Spain, xix. 455.
LALITPUR, district, India, xiv. 225.
LALLA ROOKH, Moore's poem, xvi. 807.
LALLV, Thomas Arthur, Comte de,
French general, xiv. 226; in India,
IX. 589; XII. 800.
LAMA, genus of ungulate mammals, xiv.
738.
, Great, of Tibet, xiv. 230; temples
and festivals of, at Lhasa, xiv. 499,
501.
LAMACHUS, Athenian leader in Syra-
cusan war, xxi I. 814.
LAMAISM, xiv. 226; among the Mon
gols, XVI. 744 ; xxiv. 1 1 ; in Tibet,
xiv. 151; xxm. 343, 346; temples
and festivals at Lhasa, Xiv. 499, 501.
LAMA-MlAU, town, Mongolia, xiv. 230.
LA MANCHA, district, Spain, xv. 458.
LA MANCHE, department, France, xv.
458.
LAMARCK, Jean Baptiste P. A. de Monet,
Chevalier de, French naturalist,
Xiv. 231; on evolution, vill. 748; on
morphology, xvi. 839; his zoological
classification, xxiv. 806.
LA MARCK, Comte de, Mirabeau's letters
to, xvi. 496.
LAMARRE, William, scholastic philo
sopher, xxi. 429.
LAMARTINE, Alphonse Maria Louis de
Prat de, French writer and statesman,
xiv. 232; ix. 622, 675.
LAMB, Charles, English essayist, Xiv.
234-
, Mary, English writer, xiv. 234.
, William, Yiscount Melbourne, xv.
LAMBADIS, tribe, India, xv. 185.
LAMB^ESA (Lambese), ancient town,
Algeria, xiv. 237; xvn. 628.
LAMBALLE, Marie T. L., Princesse de,
xiv. 235.
LAMBAYEQUE, town, Peru, xvni. 674.
LAMBAY ISLAND, Ireland, vn. 494;
xm. 216.
LAM BE, Dr, Murder of, iv. 419.
LAMBERT of Ostia (Pope Honorius II),
xii. 143.
— , the Porcupine man, IV. 245.
— , Daniel, his great size and weight,
vi. 435-
— , Franz, on church order, Xix. 676.
— , Johann Heinrich, German physi
cist, XIV. 236; on squaring the circle,
xxii. 436; his contributions to mag
netism, XV. 236.
-, John, English Parliamentary
general, xiv. 236.
-, John, English martyr, Vill. 335.
LAMBERTIANA, tree, xix. 105.
LAMBERTY, Guillanme de, Swiss writer,
xxii. 799.
LAMBESE, or Lambessa, town, Algeria,
xiv. 237.
LAMBESPRING, Bartholomew, English
sculptor, xxi. 560.
LAMBETH, part of London, xiv. 821;
potteries in, xix. 632.
— ARTICLES, The, of 1595, n. 654.
DEGREES, archbishop of Canter
bury's, 11. 369.
PALACE, London, xiv. 838.
LAMBS, Management of, I. 394; skins of,
ix. 838; xiv. 380.
LAMB'S LETTUCE, vegetable, xn. 281.
LAMBTON, John George, earl of Dur
ham, vii. 563.
LAMECH, of Scripture, xiv. 238.
LAMEGO, town, Portugal, xiv. 238.
LAMELLAR MAGNETIZATION, xv. 232.
LAMELLIBRANCHIA, class of Mollusca,
xvi. 684.
LAMELLICORNES, group of beetles, vi.
131-
LAMENNAIS, Hugues Felicite Robert de,
French theologian and philosopher,
xiv. 239; ix. 675; xvii. 426; xxi.
382.
LAMENTATIONS, Book of, xiv. 240.
LA MERVEILLE, abbey, Mont St Michel,
France, xvi. 797.
LAMETTRIE, or La Mettrie, Julien Offray
de, French philosopher, xiv. 243; IX.
668.
LAMEYYAH, Arabic poem, n. 263.
LAMGALIS, tribe, Kafiristan, Asia, xm.
822.
LAMIA, of Greek legend, xiv. 243.
, Keats's poem, xiv. 23.
LAMIAN WAR, Greece, XL 107.
LAMMERGEYER, bird, xiv. 243; i. 633.
LAMMERMUIR, district, Scotland, in.
612.
- HILLS, Scotland, XL 361.
LAMNA, genus of sharks, xix. 518; xxi.
776.
LAMONT, Johann von, German astrono
mer, xiv. 244.
LA MOTTE, Antoine Houdart de, his
controversy with Madame Dacier, vi.
759-
LAMOURETTE, Aclrien, collaborator
with Mirabeau, xvi. 497.
LAMP, LAMPS, xiv. 244; ancient, xiv.
247; of Damascus ware, xix. 621;
electric, Xiv. 632; for magic lantern,
xv. 212; safety, for mines, vi. 72;
xvi. 461.
LAMP-BLACK, pigment, xiv. 248; v. 87,
399; xix. 88; xxm. 58.
LAMPEDUSA, island, Mediterranean, xiv.
249.
LAMPERN (Lamprey), fish, xii. 694;
xiv. 249.
LAMPERTICO, Fedele, Italian economist,
xix. 394.
LAMPETER, Wales, St David's College at,
xxm. 856.
LAMPETRA (Lamprey), genus of fishes,
xii. 694; xiv. 249.
LAMPONG, residency, Sumatra, XXII.
639-
LAMPOON, personal satire, xvni. 341.
LAMPREY, fish, xiv. 249; xn. 694.
LAMPRIDIUS, ^Elius, Augustan historian,
in. 74.
LAMPSACUS, Greek colony, Asia Minor,
xiv. 249; xvii. 122; coins of, xvii.
645-
LAMU, island, East Africa, xxiv. 768.
LAMUS, Greek mythic city, xiv. 200,
243-
L A M — L A N
LAMUTS, Siberian people, xxm. 608.
LAN, Swedish administrative division,
xxii. 741.
LANA, Francis, his aeronautical machine,
I. 187.
LANAI, island, Hawaiian group, xi. 532.
LANARK, county, Scotland, xiv. 250;
area and population, XXI. 528; repre
sentation, XXIII. 727; coalfield, VI.
53; town, xiv. 252.
LANARKITE, mineral, xvi. 400.
LANCASHIRE, or Lancaster, county,
England, xiv. 252; population and
representation, xxm. 727; coalfield,
vi. 51; cotton manufactures, vi. 489.
LANCASTER, town, England, xiv. 254.
, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xiv. 255.
, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., xiv.
255.
, Eoyal House of, xiv. 255; vin.
327; xix. 175.
, Duke of (John of Gaunt), vin. 319,
327, 328; xxii. 320.
— , Sir James, English navigator, Xiv.
257.
, Joseph, English educationist, xiv.
257; vn. 678.
LANCASTERIAN INSTITUTION, educa
tional, xiv. 258.
LANCE, weapon, n. 555.
, in pyrotechny, XX. 136.
LANCELET, fish, xiv. 258; xxiv. 178.
LANCELOT, romance, xx. 644, 647.
LANCERS, cavalry, v. 263.
LANCEWOOD, xiv. 259.
LAN-CHOW Foo, town, China, XIY.
259.
LANCIANO, town, Italy, xiv. 259.
LANCISI, Giovanni Maria, Italian
physician, xv. 815.
LANCRET, Nicolas, French painter, xiv.
259.
LAND, its possession and tenure, xiv.
259; agrarian laws, i. 287; cleaning
of, in agriculture, I. 335; free trade
in, IX. 761 ; property in, in Roman
law, XX. 673, 689, 713; real estate in,
XX. 304; registration of, xx. 342 ;
rent of, in relation to value, XX iv. 50;
socialist views of, xxii. 206; taxes on,
IX. 181 ; tenure of, see Land Tenure
below; Ricardo's theory of, XIX. 374;
Adam Smith's, XIX. 367.
, in physical geography, X. 211;
temperature of, xvi. 134; upheaval
and subsidence of, x. 255.
LANDANA, town, Loango, Africa, xiv.
743-
LANDAU, town, Bavaria, xiv. 271.
LANDELLE, De la, his flying machine,
ix. 320.
LANDEN, John, English mathematician,
xiv. 271.
LANDER, John, African explorer, xiv.
271; I. 246.
, Richard, African explorer, xiv.
271; I. 246; v. 802.
LANDES, department, France, xiv. 272;
x. 624.
LANDJUWEELEN, rhetorical tourna
ments, Holland, XII. 91.
LAND LAWS, Brehon, iv. 252 ; xin.
254; in relation to feudalism, ix. 122;
Roman, xx. 673, 689, 713; Spartan,
xv. 97 ; of the homestead, United
States, xn. 122.
LAND LEAGUE, Ireland, xin. 272.
LANDLORD, in relation to rent, xx.
402.
- AND TENANT, Law of, xiv. 272,
268; in Ireland, XIII. 228.
LANDMANN, Georg (Agricola), minera
logist, I. 290.
LANDO, Michele di, popular leader,
Florence, xv. 783.
LANDON, Charles Paul, French painter,
Xiv. 278.
— , Letitia Elisabeth, English poetess,
xiv. 278.
LANDOR, Walter Savage, English writer,
xiv. 278; as dramatist, vn. 439.
LANDORA, town, Sweden, xiv. 282.
LANDOWNERS, in the United Kingdom,
xxi. 530.
LAND-OWNERSHIP, Celtic, v. Soo.
LANDOWNING, in the United Kingdom,
VIIL 223.
LANDPORT, Portsmouth, England, xix.
534-
LAND-RAIL, bird, vi. 543; xx. 222.
LAND-ROLLER, agricultural implement,
i. 319.
LANDS, Moor, Reclamation of, I. 402.
LANDSBERG-AN-DER-WARTHE, town,
Prussia, xiv. 280.
LANDSCAPE DRAWING, vn. 450.
LANDSEER, Charles, English painter,
xiv. 280.
— , Sir Edwin Henry, English paint
er, xiv. 280.
-, John, English painter, xiv. 280.
— , Thomas, English engraver, xiv.
280.
LANDSHUT, town, Bavaria, xiv. 281.
LANDSKRO, spa, Germany, xvi. 436.
LANDSKRONA, town, Sweden, xiv.
282.
LANDSTAD, M. B., Norwegian hymn-
writer, xvii. 591.
LANDSTING, Swedish county board,
xxii. 743.
LAND SURVEYING, xxii. 695.
LAND-TAX PARISH, English, xvni.
296.
LAND TENURE, i. 294, 406; vi. 209;
xix. 735; copyhold, vi. 355; early
English, VIII. 275; knight's fee, XIV.
112; manorial rights connected with,
xv. 496; seignory, xxi. 623; in India,
xn. 769; xv. 289; in Ireland, xin.
218; in Isle of Man, XV. 452; in
Italy, xni. 452; in Russia, xxi. 83;
in United States, XII. 122; XXlll. 763;
Littleton on, xiv. 704.
LANDWEHR, German militia, n. 595.
LANE, Edward William, English Orien
talist, xiv. 282; on Egyptian baths,
ill. 437.
LANE'S ELECTRIC JAR, vin. 117.
LAN FRANC, archbishop of Canterbury,
xiv. 282; n. 91; vin. 372; xvii.
543; his influence on the Normans,
xvii. 548.
LANFRANCHI of Milan, Italian surgeon,
xxii. 675.
LANFREY, Pierre, French historian,
xiv. 284.
LANGDALE PIKE, mountain, England,
xxiv. 513.
LANG DARMA, or Langdharma, Tibetan
king, xiv. 229, 502.
LANGE, Friedrich Albert, on evolution,
vin. 768.
LANGEN BIELAU, village, Germany, in.
666.
LANGENSALZA, town, Prussia, xiv. 285.
LANGENSCHWALBACH, spa, Germany,
xxi. 460.
LANGENTHAL, district, Prussian Silesia,
xxii. 52.
LANGETHAL, German educationist, ix.
793-
LANGEY, Guillaume du Bellai, Lord of,-
French writer, in. 543.
LANGIEWICZ, Marian, Polish patriot,
Xix. 299.
LANGITE, mineral, xvi. 402.
LANGKAWI, island, Malay Peninsula,
xv. 321.
LANGLAND, or Langley, William, early
English poet, xiv. 285.
LANGLEY, Batty, on pointed architec
ture, n. 445.
LANGO, island, Norway, xiv. 769.
LANGOBARDI (Lombards, q.v.), people,
Italy, xiv. 813.
LANGOUARDORUM LEGES, ancient law
code, xxi. 216.
LANGRES, town, France, xiv. 286.
LANGSHANS, fowls, xix. 645.
LANGSIDE, Scotland, Battle of (1568),
xv. 599; xxi. 505.
LANGTON, Stephen, archbishop of
Canterbury, xiv. 286; vin. 306; his
quarrel with King John, XIII. 713.
LANGUAGE, LANGUAGES, the science,
xvni. 765; alphabets of, I. 601; evolu
tion theories of, vill. 769; grammar of,
XI. 37; in relation to anthropology, n.
1 17; to ethnology, vin. 621; to mytho
logy, xvn. 137; to thought, xx. 75;
expressed by speech sounds, xxn. 381 ;
African Negro, xvn. 318; of American
races, I. 688; American-Indian, xn.
824; Bantu-Kaffre, xin. 820; xxiv.
827; Celtic, V. 297; Chinese, V. 653;
Dutch, XII. 84; Egyptian, VII. 721; xi.
794; English, vin. 390; Ethiopian,
vin. 612; Etruscan, vin. 638; Euro
pean, vin. 699; French, IX. 629;
Frisian, IX. 788; German, x. 5141
L A N — L A R
253
Gothic, X. 852; Greek, XI. 126;
Hebrew, XI. 594; Hindustani, XI.
840; Hottentot, XII. 312; Icelandic,
xii. 627; Iranian, xvni. 653; Italian,
xill. 491; Japanese, xm. 585; Java
nese, Xlll. 606; Lapp, xiv. 306; Latin,
xiv. 327; Magyar, xii. 374; Malagasy,
xv. 171, 175; Malayan, xv. 325;
Manx, xv. 453; Mongol, xvi. 749;
Nepalese, xvn. 341 ; Palilavi, xvni.
134; Pali, xvin. 183; Papuan, xvni.
231; Persian, XVIII. 653; Phoenician,
xvni. 802 ; Polynesian, xix. 423 ;
Proven§al, XIX. 867; Romance, XX.
661; Roniani, X. 613; Sabaean, xxiv.
740; Sanskrit, XXI. 269; Scandina
vian, xxi. 366; Semitic, xxi. 641;
Siamese, xxi. 855; Slavonic, xxn.
147; Spanish, XXII. 346; Tamil, xxm.
42; Tibetan, xxm. 346; Turkish,
xxm. 661 ; Urdu, XI. 840 ; Zulu,
xxiv. 827; Plato on, xix. 202; list of
dictionaries, VII. 183.
LANGUEDOC, province, France, Xiv.
287; Reformation in, iv. 743.
— CANAL, iv. 783.
LANGUE D'Oc, xix. 868; poems in, ix.
646.
LANGUE D'OiL, or Langue d'Oui, xix.
868; AVallon, a dialect of, xxiv. 332;
.satirical poems in, IX. 646.
LANGUET, Hubert, French diplomatist,
xiv. 288.
LANGY, bird, XL 262.
LANIERE, Nicholas, English musician,
xvn. 87.
LANIID/E, family of birds, xiv. Si.
LANIUS, genus of birds, XXI. 845.
LANKESTER, E. Ray, on Mollusca, xvi.
632, 639, 645, 672; on Protozoa, xix.
839, 852, 855, 856; his zoological
classification, xxiv. 812.
LANNEMEZAN, plateau, France, xx. 127.
LANNER, bird, ix. 3.
LANNES, Jean, French marshal, xiv.
289.
LANNOY, Baroness de, Dutch writer,
xn. 96.
LA NOUE, Frangois de, Huguenot cap
tain, XIV. 289.
LANSDELL, H., on Siberian penal insti
tutions, xix. 762.
LANSDOWNE, First Marquis of, English
statesman, xiv. 289.
— , Third Marquis of, xix. 148.
LANSING, town, Michigan, U.S.A., xiv.
290.
LANSINGBURGH, town, New York,
U.S.A., xiv. 290.
LANTARA, Simon Mathurin, French
painter, XIV. 290.
LANTERLOO, card game, xv. i .
LANTERN, in architecture, n. 467.
— , Lighthouse, Xiv. 618, 629.
, Magic, xv. 211.
LANTERN-FLY, insect, xiv. 290; xm.
153; xvni. 814.
LANTHANITE, mineral, xvi. 399.
LANTHANUM, chemical element, xiv.
291; v. 542; spectrum of, XXII. 376.
LANTSANG-KlANG (Mekong), river,
Asia, xv. 832; xxm. 339.
LANUVIUM, ancient town, Italy, xiv.
344-
LANVAUX, Landes of, district, France,
xvi. 813.
LANYARDS, of ships, xxi. 596.
LANZAROTE, island, Canaries, iv. 800.
LANZI, Luigi, Italian antiquary, xiv.
292.
LAOCOON, in Greek legend, xiv. 292;
sculptured group of, n. 365.
— , Lessing's work, x. 536; xiv. 480.
LAODICE, princess of Cappadocia, v.
76.
LAODICEA, Greek towns, Asia Minor,
xiv. 293.
— , The Epistle from, VIII. 461.
AD LYCUM, town, Asia Minor,
xiv. 293; council of (363), on the
canon, v. 10.
— AD MARE, town, Asia Minor, xiv.
— COMBUSTA, town, Asia Minor, xiv.
293; xv. 92.
LAODICEANS, Epistle to the, xvin.
423-
LAODONIA (Lothian), ancient district,
Scotland, xv. 9.
LAOMEDON, of Greek legend, xxm.
583-
LAON, town, France, xiv. 293; capital
of an early kingdom, xvn. 541.
GLOBE, x. 680.
LAOS, Indo-Chinese people, XIV. 294;
their relations with Siam, XXI. 854;
their language, xxi. 774.
LAo-TSZE, or Laou-tze, Chinese author
and founder of Taoism, xiv. 295; V.
664.
LAPAROTOMV, in surgery, xxn. 691.
LA PAZ, town, Bolivia, xiv. 298.
LA PAZ, town, Mexico, xvi. 214.
LA PEROUSE, Jean Francois, French
navigator, xiv. 298; x. 190.
LAPIDARY, gem worker, xiv. 298.
LAPIDE, John a, Paris realist, xx.
489.
LAPIS JUDAICUS, stone, xi. 49.
LAPIS LACED^EMONIUS, stone, xix. 521.
LAPIS LAZULI, mineral, xiv. 300; xvi.
412; xxm. 721.
LAPITH^E, or Lapiths, in Greek mytho
logy, xiv. 300; xxm. 295.
LAPLACE, Pierre Simon, Marquis de,
French mathematician and astrono
mer, xiv. 301; his contributions to
astronomical science, II. 761 ; on the use
of balloons, I. 194; on capillary action,
v. 57; on the lunar theory, xvi. 801;
on probability, XIX. 769; on tides,
xxiil. 355; on the undulatory theory
of light, Xiv. 605; his relations with
Lagrange, xiv. 210.
LAPLAND, country, Northern Europe,
xiv. 304; xxii. 736.
LA PLATA, mountain, Colorado, U.S.A.,
vi. 161.
LA PLATA, river, South America, n.
489; xix. 187.
LAPONG, town, Siam, xxi. 853.
LAPORTE, Camisard leader, iv. 744.
LA PORTE, town, Indiana, U.S.A., xiv.
308.
LAPPENBERG, Johann Martin, German
historian, xiv. 308.
LAPP LANGUAGE, xiv. 306; diction
aries of, vii. 1 88.
LAPPS, race of people, Northern Europe,
xiv. 305; ix. 219; xix. 329.
LA PUEBLA, town, Mexico, XX. 98.
LAPWING, bird, xiv. 308; xix. 228.
LAR, Roman household god, xiv. 313;
xvin. 489.
, town, Persia, xiv. 309.
LARA, state, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
LARAMIE CITY, Wyoming, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 713.
LARANDA (Karaman), town, Asia Minor,
xv. 92.
LARASH, or El-Araish, town, Morocco,
vii. 796; xvi. 831.
LAR AT, island, Timor Laut, Indian Archi
pelago, xxm. 398.
LARCENY, or Theft, xxm. 232.
LARCH, tree, xiv. 309; in United States,
xxiil. 809; culture of, II. 315.
LARD, hog- fat, xiv. 312; xvn. 744;
adulteration of, I. 171.
LARDNER, Dionysius, scientific writer,
xiv. 313.
— , Nathaniel, English theologift.il
writer, xiv. 313.
LAREDO, town, Spain, xxi. 297.
LA RENAUDIE, Godefroi de Barri,
Seigneur de, French conspirator, ix.
560.
LARENTALIA, Roman festival, xiv. 313.
LARES, Roman household gods, XIV.
313; xvin. 489.
LARGILLIERE, Nicolas, French painter,
xiv. 314.
LARGS, Scotland, Battle of (1261), xvn.
588; xxi. 485.
LARICHUS, brother of Sappho, xxi.
303-
LARISSA, town, Greece, xiv. 314.
LARISTAN, province, Persia, xiv. 314.
LARIVEY, Pierre, French dramatist, ix.
652.
LARIVIERE, Mercier, French physiocrat,
xix. 361.
LARIX, genus of trees, xiv. 309.
LARK, bird, xiv. 314; Mongolian, xv.
467.
LARKHANA, town, India, xxi. 803.
LARKSPUR, garden annual, xn. 249.
LARNACA, town, Cyprus, vi. 748.
LA ROCHE BERNARD, town, France,
xvi. 813.
LA ROCHEFOUCAULD, Francois de,
254
L A R — L A U
French moralist, XI v. 317, 867; IX.
663.
LA RoCHELLE, town, France, XX. 612;
siege of (1628), IX. 568; synod of
(1571), xix. 694.
LA ROCHE-SUR-YON, town, France, XX.
615; xxiv. 138.
LA ROTHIERE, France, Battle of (1814),
XVII. 221.
LARRA, Jose de, Spanish humorist,
xxn. 361.
LARUNDA, in Roman legend, xiv. 313.
LARUS, genus of birds, XL 274.
LARVA, of insects, xn. 574; xm. 147;
of bees, ill. 494; of beetles, vi. 127.
, embryo of Polyzoa, XIX. 433, 440.
LARVACEA, order of Tunicata, xxm.
614.
LARY/E, in Roman mythology, xiv.
313-
LARYNGISMUS STRIDULUS, disease,
xxm. 320.
LARYNGITIS, throat disease, xxm. 319.
LARYNGOLOGY, department of medicine,
xv. 797.
LARYNGOSCOPE, surgical instrument,
xxm. 319.
LARYNX, of mammals, xv. 365; organ
of the voice, xxiv. 273.
LA SALLE, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xiv.
318-
LA SALLE, Antoine de, French writer,
IX. 649.
LA SALLE, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de,
French explorer, Xiv. 318.
LAS BuRGAS, mineral springs, Spain,
xvii. 827.
LA SCALA, town, Patmos, ^Egean Sea,
XVIII. 408.
LA SCALA FAMILY, Scaliger's supposed
connexion with, xxi. 364.
LASCAR, Oriental sailor, xiv. 319.
LASCARIS, John IV., Greek emperor,
xm. 713; xvi. 227.
, Constantino, Greek scholar, xiv.
319; XL 149.
, Joannes, Greek scholar, xiv. 319.
, Paul, grand-master of the Hospi
tallers, xxi. 175.
, Theodore, emperor of Nica;a, XL
119.
LAS CASAS, Bartolomc de, Apostle of the
Indies, Xiv. 319.
LAS CASAS DE TOLOSA, captain -general
of Cuba, vi. 678.
LA SEYNE, town, France, xxi. 726;
xxm. 483.
LASHBUNA, Moslem name of Lisbon,
xiv. 693.
LA SlLA, mountains, Italy, Xlll. 439.
LASIONITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
LASKI, Albert, Polish astrologer, vn.
22.
LASKY, or Laski, John (Alasco), Polish
Reformer, I. 443; XIX. 679.
LAS NAVAS, Spain, Battle of (1212),
XXII. 317.
LAS PALMAS, town, Canary Islands, IV.
799-
LASSA (Lhasa), town, Tibet, xiv. 496;
xxm. 344.
LASSALLE, Ferdinand, German social
ist, xiv. 320; x. 513; xxn. 210, 214;
on co-operation, vi. 214.
LASSELL, W., English astronomer, II.
8 1 1, 812, 813; his observatory at
Starfield, England, xvn. 711; his
reflecting telescope, xxm. 152.
LASSEN, Christian, Norwegian Orien
talist, xiv. 322.
LASSEN'S PEAK, Sierra Nevada, U.S.A.,
xxm. 800.
LASSO, Orlando di, Flemish musician,
xvn. 84.
LAST CHRONICLE OF BARSET, Trol-
lope's novel, xxni. 585.
LAST DAYS OF POMPEII, Lytton's novel,
xv. 122.
LASTINGHAM, England, Crypt in church
at, vi. 668.
LASTMAN, Pieter, Dutch painter, xx.
373-
LAST OF THE BARONS, Lytton's novel,
xv. 123.
L'ASTREE, French romance, xx. 659.
LAST SUPPER, of Jesus Christ, xin.
668; Leonardo da Vinci's painting of,
Xiv. 458.
LAS VEGAS, hot springs, New Mexico,
U.S.A., xvii. 400.
LATAKIA, town, Syria, xiv. 323.
TOBACCO, xxm. 425.
LATANIA, genus of palms, xvin. 190.
LATCH LOCK, xiv. 748.
LATEAU, Louise, of Hainault, Stigmata
of, xxii. 550.
LATENT HEAT, XL 555.
LATERAN COUNCIL, Decrees of the
second, XVII. 484; the fourth, Xlll.
84.
LATERAN PALACE, Rome, xx. 835.
LATERITE, rock, India, xn. 737.
LATHAM, John, on birds, xvm. 6.
LATHE, machine for turning, xiv. 323;
xv. 153.
LATHING, for plaster work, iv. 505.
LATHYRUS, genus of plants, xvm. 441.
LATIARIS, epithet of Jupiter, Xlll. 780.
LATICI FERGUS TISSUE, in plants, xix.
48.
LATIMER, Hugh, English Reformer and
martyr, Xiv. 325.
LATIN I, or Latins (q.v.), ancient people,
Italy, xiv. 343.
-, Brunetto, Italian poet, Xlll. 501.
LATIN INSCRIPTIONS, xm. 124.
LATIN LANGUAGE, xiv. 327; accent in,
I. 80; alphabetism in, I. 610; in
relation to Romance languages, XX.
661; dictionaries of, vn. 184; Varro's
treatise on, xxiv. 93.
LATIN LEAGUE, of thirty cities, Italy,
xiv. 343.
LATIN LITERATURE, xx. 715; rhetoric,
xx. 514; romances, xx. 633; in time
of Virgil, xxiv. 248.
LATINS, ancient Italian people, xm.
445; xiv. 343; xx. 669, 731, 739,
745-
LATIN WRITING, xvm. 151.
LATITAT, English writ, xxiv. 695.
LATITUDE, in astronomy, IL 771, 793;
geographical, X. 198; early methods
of finding, x. 187; in navigation, xvii.
251, 268, 272; of observatories, xvn.
710; as known, to Ptolemy, xx. 88;
calculation of, in surveying, x. 166,
169; xxn. 700, 712; highest latitudes
ever reached, x. 196; xix. 324, 326.
LATIUM, ancient division, Italy, Xiv.
343; coins of, XVII. 637.
LATONA, in Roman mythology (the
Greek Leto), xiv. 345; n. 185.
LATOPOLIS (Esneh), ancient town,
Egypt, vn. 782; vin. 547.
LA TRAPPE, Monastery of, France,
xxni. 523; xvi. 713.
LATREILLE, Pierre Andre, French
naturalist, xiv. 345; on reptiles, XX.
436.
LATROBITE, mineral, xvi. 420.
LATTER DAY SAINTS, or Mormons, xvi.
825.
LATVIS, or Letts, tribe, Lithuania, Russia,
XIV. 702.
LAUBAN, town, Prussia, xiv. 346.
LAUBE, Heinrich, German writer, x.
545-
LAUBER (Dypold), German transcriber,
XXIII. 682.
LAUD, William, archbishop of Canter
bury, XIV. 346; VIII. 346; his church
measures, VIIL 377; XIX. 687; his in
fluence on Scottish aiiairs, xxi. 511.
LAUDANUM, drug, xvn. 793.
LAUDER, town, Scotland, in. 613.
, Sir Thomas Dick, Scottish writer,
xiv. 347.
LAUDERDALE, district, Scotland, in.
612.
— , Earl and duke of, Scottish states
man, XV. 308; XXI. 515; his relations
witli archbishop Sharp, XXI. 780.
-, Eighth Earl of, on Smith's Wealth
of Nations, xix. 370.
LAUDI, Italian dialogue poems, xin.
500.
LAUDONNIERE, Rene Goulaine de,
French settler, Florida, xx. 531.
LAUDS, canonical hour, iv. 263.
LAUENBURG, duchy, Germany, xiv. 347;
xxi. 414.
LAUGHING, xx. 480.
GAS, v. 512.
JACKASS, bird, xiv. 82.
LAUGIER, Meiffren, on birds, xvin. 12.
LAUMONTITE, mineral, xvi. 422.
LAUNCE, Sand, fish, xxi. 257.
LAUNCESTON, town, England, xiv. 347.
— , town, Tasmania, xiv. 347; xxm.
73-
L A U — L E A
255
LAUNCHING, of a ship, xxi. 820.
LAUPEN, Switzerland, Battle of (1339),
xxii. 784.
LAURA, in Eastern moriacliism, I. 10;
xvi. 700.
, of Petrarch's Canzoniere, xvui.
707.
LAUREIUM, Silver mines of, ancient
Greece, ill. 59.
LAUREL, tree, xiv. 348; in California,
xxni. 810.
LAURENCEKIRK, town, Scotland, xiv.
79-
LAURENS, Henry, American statesman,
xiv. 349.
, John, American general, xiv. 349.
LAURENTI, Joseph N., on reptiles, xx.
434-
LAURENTIAN ROCKS, in geology, x.
327; their thickness, I. 679; in Can
ada, xx. 1 66.
LAURENTIUS (Lawrence), St, martyr,
xiv. 370.
JUSTINIANUS, St, X. 625.
LAURENTUM, ancient town, Italy, xiv.
344-
LAURIA, town, Italy, xiv. 349.
LAURIE ISLAND, Antarctic Ocean, xvn.
407.
LAURITE, mineral, xvi. 394.
LAURUS, genus of plants, xiv. 348.
LAURVIK, or Laurvig, town, Norway,
xiv. 350.
LAUSANNE, town, Switzerland, xiv. 350;
population, xxiv. 115.
, or Geneva (q,v.), Lake of, Switzer
land, x. 151.
LAUSITZ (Lusatia), district, Germany,
xv. 69.
LAUSONIUM (Lausanne), ancient town,
Switzerland, xiv. 350.
LAUS POMPEIA (Lodi Vecchio), ancient
town, Italy, xiv. 768.
LAUTITE, mineral, xvi. 392.
LAUZUN, Due de, husband of Louise
d'Orleans, xvi. 793.
LAVA, Volcanic, x. 242, 246.
LAVABO, in architecture, n. 467.
LAVADORES, town, Spain, xix. 455.
LAVAGNA, town, Italy, xiv. 350; river,
XIIL 437.
, Count of (Fiesco), Genoese conspira
tor, ix. 147.
LAVAL, town, France, xiv. 350.
LAVALETTE, Antoine de, Jesuit adminis
trator, XIIL 654.
LA VALLETTE, John, grand-master of
the Knights Hospitallers, XXI. 174.
LAVAL UNIVERSITY, Quebec, Canada,
xx. 1 68.
LAVANDULA, genus of plants, xiv. 352.
LAV ANNA, town, Sierra Leone, xxn. 45.
LAVANT, river, England, xxn. 723.
LAVATER,Johann Kaspar, Swiss physio
gnomist, xiv. 351; x. 540; Xix. 5;
xxn. 798.
LAVAUR, town, France, xiv. 351.
LA VELA, town, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
LAVELEYE, Emile de, economist, xix.
395-
LA VENDEE, France, Insurrection in,
ix. 605.
LAVENDER, plant, xiv. 352; xn. 289.
LAVENDULAN, mineral, xvi. 404.
LAVENHAM, England, Beet-sugar factory
at, I. 382.
LAVENO, town, Italy, xv. 198.
LAVEY, spa, France, xvi. 435.
LAVINIUM, ancient town, Italy, xiv. 344.
LAVOISIER, Antoine Laurent, French
chemist, xiv. 352; v. 463; on fermen
tation, IX. 93.
LAVRIENTSKI, Russian chronicle, xvn.
354-
LAVY, bird, xi. 262.
LAW, xiv. 354; origin of, vin. 624;
Brahmanical, xn. 782 ; common, vi.
208; constitutional, VI. 309; ecclesias
tical, vii. 627; early English, vm.
276; of equity, vm. 510; international,
XIIL 190; Jewish sacred, ill. 634;
martial, vi. 517; military, xvi. 295;
Mohammedan, xvi. 591, 594; Roman,
xx. 669; Salic and other barbarian
laws, XXI. 212; statute, xxn. 468; ad
ministration of, in England, vm. 261;
codes of, vi. 104; Justinian's codifica
tion of, XIIL 792; costs in, VI. 452;
Roman schools of, Xiv. 164; Gentili
on international, X. 161 ; Hooker's
description of, xil. 152; Plato on,
xix. 210; Vico's idea of, xxiv. 212;
Zachariae on, xxiv. 762 ; legal socie
ties, xxn. 226.
, St Paul's conception of the, in
theology, xvill. 424.
, Edward, Lord Ellenborough, vm.
146.
— , John, promoter of the Mississippi
scheme, xiv. 367; ix. 584; xv. 22;
opposed by D'Aguesseau, vi. 762.
-, William, English mystic, xiv. 369.
LAWA (Laos), Indo-Chinese people, xiv.
294.
, state, India, xx. 260.
LAWEMAN (Layamon), Saxon chronicler,
xiv. 374; vm. 394, 408; xxi. 739.
LAWES, Henry, English composer, Xiv.
370; friend of Milton, XVI. 326.
— , Sir John, his system of cropping,
I. 342 ; his experiments with manures,
xv. 507.
LAWN, Formation of a, XII. 248.
LAWN-TENNIS, game, xxm. 181.
LAWRENCE, St, martyr, xiv. 370.
, town, Kansas, U.S.A., xiv. 370.
— , town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., xiv.
370.
— , Lord, governor-general, India, xiv.
371; xn. 811.
— , Sir Henry Montgomery, governor-
general, India, xiv. 372.
— , James, American naval officer,
xxui. 760, 789.
LAWRENCE, Sir Thomas, English painter,
xiv. 373.
LAWS OF LABOUR, xiv. 165.
LAWSONIA, genus of plants, xi. 654.
LAWYERS, English, their training, xm.
88; costume, vi. 476; order of preced
ence, xix. 667.
LAY, H. N., administrator at Shanghai,
XXI. 772.
LAYAMON, Saxon chronicler, xiv. 374;
vm. 394, 408; xxi. 739.
LAYBACH (Laibach), town, Austria, xiv.
215; congress of (1821), XI II. 486;
xvi. 201.
LAYER MARNEY, Essex, England, Terra
cotta decorations at, xxni. 195.
LAY-FIGURE, Painter's, xvui. 137.
LAYNEZ, Diego, general of the Jesuits,
xm. 653.
LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL, Scott's
poem, xxi. 547.
LAYS OF THE SCOTTISH CAVALIERS,
by Aytoun, ill. 166.
LAY TORPEDO, xxm. 451.
LAXEY, Isle of Man, Mines at, xv. 451.
LAXISTS, in casuistry, xiv. 636.
LAZARETTO, quarantine establishment,
xx. 154, 157.
LAZAR GREBLIANOVICH, king of
Servia, xxi. 689.
LAZARILLO DE TORMES, Mendoza's
novel, xvi. 10.
LAZARITES, Lazarists, or Lazarians,
order of priests, XIV.-374; xvi. 713.
LAZARUS, St, Order of, xiv. 374.
- of Beth Kandasa, Syriac writer,
xxn. 841.
BAR SABHETHA, Syriac writer,
xxii. 846.
LAZHECHNIKOFF, Ivan Ivanovitch, Rus
sian novelist, xxi. 107.
LAZULI-FINCH, bird, xvn. 534.
LAZULITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
LAZY-TONGS, Mechanism of, xv. 697.
LAZZARI, Bramante, Italian architect,
iv. 213.
, Maria Dominica, Stigmata of, xxn.
5 SO
LE, town, Tibet, XIV. 197.
LEA, standard measure of flax yarn, xiv.
666.
— , river, England, XI. 771; xvi. 279.
, Matthew Carey, his contributions
to photography, xvui. 828.
LEAD, metal, xiv. 374 ; xvi. 58, 382,
465; as chemical element, v. 531;
cyanide of, xx. 23; as a poison, vi.
140 ; xix. 278 ; alloy in gold assay
ing, n. 725; spectrum of, XXII. 376;
strength of, XXII. 603; deposits or
mines, in Ireland, XIIL 218; in Spain,
I. 593; xiv. 653; XXII. 301; in Missouri,
U.S.A., xvi. 525; production of, xvi.
467; production in England, VIII. 228;
production in United States, xxm.
817.
, Black, xix. 230.
256
L E A — L E G
LEAD, White, xix. 86.
LEAD-COLIC, disease, xvin. 407.
LEADENHALL MARKET, London, xiv.
829.
LEADHILLITE, mineral, xvi. 399.
LEAD, KINDLY LIGHT, Cardinal New-
man's hymn, XII. 595.
LEAD PALSY, disease, xvm. 257.
LEAD PENCILS, xvin. 490; xix. 231.
LEAD-SPAR, mineral, xvi. 398.
LEADVILLE, town, Colorado, U.S.A.,
XIY. 379; xvi. 470; xxiii. 815.
LEAF BUDS, in plants, iv. 96.
LEAGUE, measure of distance, XXIV. 485.
— , the Catholic, of France, IX. 562;
xvm. 745; the Holy, against the Turks
(1571), xni. 717; xix. 154; xxiii.
644; the Swabian, xxn. 789; xxiv.
702; Swiss leagues, xxn. 781, 783.
LEAK, in a vessel, xxi. 60 1.
LEAKE, William Martin, English anti
quarian topographer, xiv. 379.
LEAMINGTON, town, England, xiv. 380.
LEANDER, of Greek legend, xi. 754.
(J. H. van Ess), German theologian,
vin. 549.
LEANE, Lough, Killarney, Ireland, xiv.
76.
LEAOU-TUNG, province, Manchuria, XV.
466.
LEAOU-YANG, town, Manchuria, xiv.
504; xv. 466.
LEAPING, in ancient games, x. 64; in
modern gymnastics, XI. 350.
LEAP YEAR, of the calendar, iv. 666.
LEAR, Edward, illustrator of birds,
xvm. 12.
LEASE, in law, xiv. 273; agricultural,
I. 294,407,411.
LEASEHOLD, in England, xiv. 264.
LEASING-MAKING, in Scots law, xxiii.
529.
LEASOWE CASTLE, Cheshire, England,
xxiv. 328.
LEATHER, xiv. 380; stamped, for wall
decoration, XVII. 37.
, Artificial, xiv. 391.
LEAVEN, ferment in dough, in. 254.
LEAVENWORTH, town, Kansas, U.S.A.,
xiv. 391.
LEAVES, of plants, iv. 108.
LEBANON, mountains, Syria, xiv. 392.
, province, Asiatic Turkey, xxn.
821; xxiii. 653.
— , town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., XIV.
395-
— , Cedar of, tree, v. 285.
— SPRINGS, New York, U.S.A., xvi.
436.
LEBAR GABHALA, Irish legends, xni.
243-
LEBBIN, town, Prussia, xxiv. 633.
LEBDA (ancient Leptis), town, Tripoli,
Africa, xiv. 470.
LE BEAU, Charles, French historian,
xiv. 395.
LEBEDIN, town, Kussia, xiv. 396.
LEBEDYAN, town, Russia, xiv. 396;
xxiii. 41.
LEBEN JESU, Strauss's, xxn. 591.
LEBERBERG, or Jura, mountain range,
France, xni. 782.
LEBES, in ancient pottery, xix. 614.
LEBRETON, Andre Fra^ois, printer of
the French Encyclopedic, vm. 197.
LEBRIJA, or Lebrixa, town, Spain, xiv.
396; xxi. 708.
LEBRON, French missionary in Para
guay, xvin. 245.
LE BRUN, Charles, French painter,
xiv. 396.
LEBRUN, Charles Francois, third
consul, France, IX. 613; xvn. 203.
LE CATEAU, town, France, v. 219.
LECCE, town, Italy, xiv. 396.
LECCO, town, Italy, xiv. 397.
, Lake of, vi. 220.
LECHER, E., on radiation, XX. 217.
LECHLADE, town, England, xxiii. 220.
LECHMERE, Sir Edmund, restorer of
St John's Hospice, xxi. 175.
LECHS, or Lekhs, ancient people, Poland,
xix. 285.
LECITHIN, fatty substance in nerves,
xix. 24.
LE CLERC, Jean, Swiss theologian and
writer, XIV. 397.
LE CONTE, Joseph, on the stereoscope,
XXII. 539.
LECOUVREUR, Adrienne, French actress,
xxi. 346.
LECTION, LECTIONARIUM, LECTION-
ARY, xiv. 397; xvi. 508.
LECTISTERNIA, Roman religious feast,
xxi. 133.
LECTORS, minor order of Roman Catho
lic Church, xiv. 397; xvn. 820.
LECTURES, Copyright in, vi. 360.
LECYTHUS, in ancient pottery, xix. 614.
LECZINSKI, or Leszcynski, Stanislas,
prince of Lorraine and king of Poland,
ix. 585 ; xvn. 171; xix. 297 ; xxn. 450.
LEDA, in Greek legend, v. 199.
LEDERMULLER, Martin F., German
zoologist, xxiv. 806.
LEDGER, in book-keeping, iv. 46.
LEDRU-ROLLIN, Alexandre Auguste,
French politician, xiv. 398.
LEDYARD, John, American traveller,
xiv. 399.
LEE, river, Ireland, vi. 403.
, Ann, foundress of Shaker sect,
XXI. 736.
, Charles, American general, XXIII.
741, 742.
— , Nathaniel, English dramatist, Xiv.
399; VII. 435.
, Richard Henry, American states
man, xiv. 399; xxin. 743.
— — -, Robert, Scottish divine, xxi. 539.
-, Robert Edward, American Confed-
LEEAMBYE, river, Central Africa, xxiv.
765.
LEECH, annelid, xiv. 400; 11.69; touch
organs in, XXIII. 478.
, John, English caricaturist, xiv.
405; v. 105.
LEECHDOMS, Anglo-Saxon, mediaeval
chronicle, XV. 806.
LEEDS, town, England, xiv. 406;
libraries of, xiv. 521, 543; news
papers, xvn. 421 ; representation,
XXiv. 748; Yorkshire College at,
xxin. 854.
— CASTLE, Kent, England, xiv. 40.
LEEK, vegetable, xiv. 409; xn. 284.
— , town, England, xiv. 409.
LEELITE, mineral, xvi. 419.
LEEM, Knud, Norse missionary and
philologist, xvii. 590.
LEER, town, Germany, xiv. 410.
LEE'S OBSERVATORY, Hartwell, Eng
land, xvn. 711.
LEEUWARDEN, town, Holland, xiv. 410.
LEEUWENHOEK, Anthony van, Dutch
microscopi?t, XIV. 410; his contribu
tions to microscopical anatomy, xxiv.
815; on crystals, vi. 672; his use of
the microscope, I. 812; his discovery
of Rotifera, xxi. 4.
LEEWARD ISLANDS, West Indies, xxiv.
510; in. 749.
LEEWAY, in navigation, xvn. 264.
LEFEVRE, Anne (Madame Dacier),
French scholar, vi. 759.
- (Faber), Jacobus, theologian, vin.
835-
erate general, xiv. 399; xxin. 777, 780.
, William, inventor of the stocking-
frame, xn. 299.
- (Faber), Johann, Malleus Hscreti-
corum, vin. 835.
, Raoul, French romancist, XX.
640.
LEFKOSIA, town, Cyprus, vi. 748; xvn.
491.
LEFORT, French astronomer, xiv. 776;
xxin. 10.
LEFUKA, island, South Pacific, ix. 779.
LEG, of birds, in. 720; of mammals, xv.
360.
LEGACY DUTIES, ix. 186; xxn. 616.
LEGAL FICTIONS, ix. 140.
LEGARE, H. Swinton, American critic,
I. 723.
LEGATE, Papal, xiv. 412.
LEGAZPI, Miguel Lopez de, Spanish
navigator, xvm. 753.
LEGENDA, church service book, xiv. 710.
LEGENDRE, Adrien Marie, French
mathematician, xiv. 413; on the cal
culus, xni. 62; his mathematical
tables, XXIII. 14.
LEGENDS, in folklore, ix. 358; their
place in ethnology, vin. 623; Irish,
xni. 243.
— OF SAINTS, Barbour's poem, in.
365-
LEGER, Jean, Waldensian pastor, xxiv.
325-
LEGER BURNER, for lamp, xiv. 245.
L E G — L E N
257
LEGERDEMAIN, sleight of hand, xiv.
414; xv. 207.
LEGHORN, town, Italy, xiv. 416; under
the Medici, XV. 791; hat trade of,
XXII. 593.
LEGION, division of Roman army, n.
562; xx. 735.
LEGIONARIES, Roman soldiers, xix.
656.
LEGION OF HONOUR, Order of the,
xiv. 417; ix. 517, 615.
LEGISLATION, xiv. 354, 359, 366; in
relation to government, XI. 16; British
parliamentary, xvili. 31 1 ; Roman, xx.
697; of United States, xxni. 749.
, Science of, Filangieri's work, IX.
159.
LEGITIM, in Scots law, xn. 402.
LEGITIMACY, in law, in. 426.
LEGNAGO, town, Italy, xx. 145.
LEGUAN, lizard, xiv. 735.
LEGUME, or Pod, form of fruit, iv. 151.
LEGUMINOUS CROPS, Culture of, i. 360.
LEHIGH, river, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
xviii. 500.
UNIVERSITY, U.S.A., xxni. 857.
LEI AH, town, India, xiv. 417.
LEIBNITZ, Gottfried Wilhelm, German
mathematician and philosopher, xiv.
417; on axioms, ill. 160; on evolu
tion, vin. 748, 760; on infinitesimal
calculus, xin. 8; his influence on
German writers, X. 532; his logic,
xiv. 794; his metaphysics, xvi. 91 ; his
optimism, xvin. 686; his influence on
Kant, xni. 848; his relations with
Newton, xvn. 445; his criticism of
Pufendorf, xx. 100.
LEIBZOLL, German tax on Jews, Xin.
682.
LEICESTER, county, England, xiv. 423;
population and representation, XXIII.
727; coalfield, VI. 50; sheep, I. 391.
, town, England, xiv. 424.
— , Robert Dudley, earl of, XIV. 425;
in Holland, XII. 77.
— , Simon de Montfort, earl of, XVI.
787; xi. 658; xvin. 304.
LEICESTER'S COMMONWEALTH, pam
phlet by Parsons, xiv. 426.
LEICESTER SHEEP, i. 391 ; improved
by Bakewell, I. 302.
LEICHARDT, Ludwig, Australian ex
plorer, in. 105.
LEIDEN (Leyden, q.i:), town, Holland,
XIV. 494.
LEIF, or Lief, early Greenland voyager,
i. 706; XL 171.
LEIGH, town, England, xiv. 426.
, Edward, Puritan Biblical critic,
xiv. 426.
LEIGHTON, Sir Frederick, as sculptor,
xxi. 561.
— , Robert, bishop of Dunblane, xiv.
427.
LEIGHTON-BUZZARD, town, England,
xiv. 429.
LEINSTER, early Irish kingdom, XI II.
245.
, province, Ireland, xin. 215.
, Book of, Irish MS., v. 307, 326.
LEIPSIC, or Leipzig, town, Germany,
xiv. 429; xxi. 358; book trade at, iv.
40 ; conservatorium of music at, VI.
292; library, xiv. 527, 546; news
papers, xvn. 428; observatory, xvn.
713; university, XXIII. 841, 843, 849;
battle of (1813), in. 135, 444; ix.
617; xvil. 221; disputation between
Luther and Eck at, xv. 73.
LEISLER, Jacob, insurgent leader, New
York, xvn. 455.
LEITH, town, Scotland, xiv. 431; popu
lation, xxi. 528.
HILL, Surrey, England, xxn. 693.
LEITMERITZ, town, Bohemia, xiv. 432.
LEITRIM, county, Ireland, xiv. 432;
population and representation, xxni.
727.
LEK, river, Holland, xn. 63; xx. 519.
LEKAH TOB, Midrash, xvi. 287.
LEKHS, ancient people, Poland, xix. 285.
LEKI, Caucasian tribes, xiv. 474.
L.E.L. (Letitia Elisabeth Landon),
English poetess, Xiv. 278.
LELAND, John (c. 1506-1552), English
antiquary, xiv. 433.
, John (1691-1766), English theo
logian, Xiv. 433.
LELEGES, Greek race of people, xiv. 434;
xvi. 53.
LELEWEL, Joachim, Polish historian,
xiv. 434; xix. 304.
LELIE, George Sand's novel, vn. 509.
LELLI, Camillo de', founder of monastic
order, xvi. 712, 716.
LE LOCLE, town, Neuchdtel, Switzer
land, xiv. 764; xvn. 361.
LELY, Sir Peter, English painter, Xiv.
434-
LEMAN, Lake (Geneva, q.i'.), Switzer
land, x. 151.
LEMANIC REPUBLIC, The, xxn. 793.
LE MANS, town, France, xv. 497.
LEMBERG, town, Austria, xiv. 435 ;
libraries of, Xiv. 547 ; university,
xxni. 851.
— , mountain, Wiirtemberg, XXIV. 699.
LE MERCIER, Jean, French Hebraist,
XI. 601.
LEMMING, rodent mammal, xiv. 435 ;
xv. 419.
LEMNOS, island, JSgean Sea, Turkey,
xiv. 436; fire festival of, iv. 621.
LEMON, tree and fruit, Xiv. 437.
LEMONADE, aerated water, i. 184.
LEMONNIER, Pierre Charles, French
astronomer, xiv. 439.
LEMON PEEL, Candied, xiv. 438.
LEMOSI, Provencal and Catalan lan
guage, xxn. 347, 363.
LEMOYNE DE BIENVILLE, Jean Bap-
tiste, founder of New Orleans, xvn.
4°3-
LEMPA, river, San Salvador, Central
America, xxi. 268.
LEMUR, LEMURS, group of mammals,
xiv. 440; xv. 444.
, Flying, insectivorous mammal, XV.
401.
LEMURALIA, in Roman festival, XIV.
3i3-
LEMURES, in Roman legend, xiv. 313.
LEMURID^E, family of mammals, xiv.
440; xv. 170.
LEMURINE NIGHT APE, n. 154.
LENA, river, Siberia, xxn. 5 ; xxni.
510; xxiv. 726.
LE NAIN, Antoine, Louis, and Mathieu,
French painters, xvn. 166.
LENAU (Nicholas Strehlenau), Austrian
poet, x. 546.
LENCLOS, Ninon de, Frenchwoman of
society, xiv. 445.
LENDERMENN, Norse rulers, xvn. 585,
589.
LENFANT, Jacques, French ecclesiastical
historian, xiv. 445.
LENGTH, Mensuration of, xvi. 13; stand
ards of, xxiv. 483.
LENKORAN, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
xiv. 446.
LENNEP, town, Germany, xiv. 446.
, Jacob van, Dutch poet and novel
ist, xiv. 446; xn. 98.
LENNGREN, Anna Maria, Swedish
poetess, xxn. 756.
LENNOACE^E, parasitic plants, xvin.
264.
LENNOX, Earls of, regents of Scotland,
xin. 558; xxi. 506, 507.
HILLS, Scotland, xxn. 553.
LENNOXTOWN, town, Scotland, xxn.
554-
LENNOXVILLE, Canada, University at,
xxni. 857.
LENO, textile fabric, x. 118.
LENOIR GAS-ENGINE, xxn. 523.
LENORE, Burger's poem, x. 540; IV.
533-
LE NORMANT D'ETOILES, French fin
ancier, xix. 443.
LENOX GLOBE, x. 680.
LENOX LIBRARY, New York, xiv. 536.
LENS, town, France, xvin. 340; battle
of (1648), ix. 571.
LENSES, in optics, xiv. 593; xvn. 802;
xxiv. 436; convex and concave, xxni.
139; microscopic, xvi. 258; spectacles,
xxn. 372.
LENT, church festival, xiv. 446; ob
servance of, ix. 47.
LENTICELS, structures in plants, XII. 18.
LENTIL, seed and plant, xiv. 447.
LENTINI (Leontini), ancient town, Sicily,
xiv. 463.
LENTISK, tree, xv. 621.
LENTlUM(Linz), Roman station, Austria,
xiv. 679.
LENZ, Heinrich F. E., his theory of
oceanic circulation, in. 22; his law of
XXV. - 33
258
L E N — L E S
electric induction, vill. n, 76; his
magnetic experiments, XV. 253.
LENZINITE, mineral, xvi. 424.
LEO I., pope, xiv. 448; xix. 491.
— II., pope, xiv. 448.
— III., pope, xiv. 449; xix. 496; xx.
786.
— IV.-VII., popes, xiv. 449.
— VIII., pope, xiv. 449; xx. 789.
— IX., pope, xiv. 449; xix. 498.
— X., pope, xiv, 450; xni. 481; xv.
787; XX. 324; Michelangelo's works
for, xvi. 233.
XL, pope, xiv. 452; xix. 505.
XII., pope, xiv, 452; xix. 508.
L, the Great, emperor of the East,
xiv. 452.
II., emperor, xiv. 452.
III., the Isaurian, emperor, xiv.
452; XI. 114; as iconoclast, xil. 712.
V., the Armenian, emperor, xiv.
453-
VI., the Philosopher, emperor, Xiv.
453; ill. 419.
, Johannes (Leo Africanus), Moorish
writer, xiv. 453.
, Leonardo, Italian musician, xvn.
93-
• DlACONUS, Byzantine historian,
iv. 613.
LTCOBEN, Austria, Preliminaries of
(1797), IX. 610; XVII. 198.
LEOBSCHUTZ, town, Prussia, xiv. 453.
LEOCHARES, Greek sculptor, xiv. 453.
LEOCORIUM, sacred shrine, Athens, ill. 2.
LEODIUM (Lie"ge), ancient town, Belgium,
xiv. 568.
LEOMINSTER, town, England, xiv. 454.
LEON, Kingdom of, Spain, xxil. 311.
, province, Spain, xiv. 454; xxil.
298; dialect of, xxil. 351.
, town, Spain, Xiv. 454.
, town, Mexico, xiv. 455.
, town, Nicaragua, xiv. 455; xvn.
477-
, Luis Ponce de, or Fray Luis de,
Spanish poet and religious writer,
xiv. 455; XXIL 357, 360.
, Moses de, writer of Book of Zohar,
xni. 814.
LEONARDO of Pisa, Italian mathe
matician, xix. 124 ; xvii. 626 ;
introducer of algebra into Europe, I.
512.
DA VINCI, Italian artist and man
of science and letters, Xiv. 455; XIII.
508; XXI. 437, 569.
LEONHARDITE, mineral, xvi. 422.
LEONIDAION, building at Olympia,
Greece, xvn. 768.
LEON I DAS, king of Sparta, xiv. 462.
- of Alexandria, Greek poet, XIV.
462.
of Tarentum, Greek poet, Xiv.
462.
LEONIDES, Roman surgeon, xxn. 675.
LEONIDS, November meteors, XV I. 110.
LEONISTS, Reformers of i2th century,
xx. 321.
LEONORA, regent of Portugal, xix.
543-
— D'ESTE, friend of Tasso, XXIII. 76.
LEONORE, Biirger's poem, iv. 533; x.
540.
LEONTINI, town, Sicily, xiv. 463; xxn.
15- i7-
LEONTIUS, emperor of the East, xni.
798.
LEONTODONIUM, principle in taraxa
cum, xxm. 61.
LEOPARD, carnivorous mammal, xiv.
463; xv. 435; of India, xn. 741; of
Java, xm. 603.
, Hunting, or Cheetah, v. 456.
LEOPARDI, Alessandro, Italian scxilptor,
xxi. 568; xxiv. 176.
, Giacomo, Italian poet, Xiv. 464;
Xlli. 515; his pessimism, xviii. 689.
LEOPOLD L, emperor, xiv. 466; x. 502.
II., emperor, xiv. 467.
I., duke of Anhalt-Dessau, XIV.
467.
— III., duke of Austria, his war with
Switzerland, xxil. 783, 784.
- L, king of the Belgians, Xiv. 467;
in. 528, 530.
— , Prince, of Hohenzollern, IX. 626;
xxn. 346.
-, Karl Gustaf, Swedish poet, xxil.
756.
LEOPOLDINE ACADEMY, Vienna, i. 77.
LEOPOLDSTADT, part of Pesth, Hun
gary, xviii. 691.
— , suburb of Vienna, XXIV. 219.
LEOPOLDVILLE, town, on Congo river,
Africa, xxiv. 765.
LEOPOLIS (Lemberg), ancient town,
Austria, xiv. 435.
LE PALAIS, town, France, xvi. 813.
LEPANTO, town, Greece, xiv. 467;
battle of (1571), v. 348; XL 121; Xlli.
717; xxm. 644; xxiv. 145.
, Gulf of, Greece, XL 82.
LEPCHAS, Nepalese race, xvi. 341.
L'EPEE, Abbe de, on teaching deaf-
mutes, vii. 7.
LEPEL, town, Russia, xxiv. 262.
LEPER-HOUSES, xiv. 469.
LEPERS, Order for the Succour of, XIV.
374-
LEPIDOLITE, mineral, xiv. 697; xvi.
4i3-
LEPIDOMELANE, mineral, xvi. 413.
LEPIDOPTERA, order of insects, iv. 592;
xni. 150; mimicry in, xvi. 343.
LEPIDOSIREN, genus of fishes, xiv.
468.
LEPIDOSTOIDEI, suborder of fishes, xn.
687.
LEPIDUS, M. ^Emilius, Roman trium
vir, xiv. 468; xx. 768.
— , M. ^Emilius, Roman consuls, XIV.
468; xix. 451.
LEPILEMUR, genus of lemurs, xiv. 442.
LEPOLITE, mineral, xvi. 420.
LEPONTII, Rha-tian people, xx. 505.
LEPONTINE ALPS, i. 626.
LEPORID/E, family of rodent mammals,
xv. 421.
LE PRESE, spa, North Italy, xxiv. 45.
LEPROSY, disease, xiv. 468; xviii. 406;
XXIL 122.
LEPTINES, Demosthenes's oral ion against,
vii. 69; Wolfs commentary 011 it,
XXIV. 630.
LEPTIS (Lubda), ancient town, Tripolis,
Africa, xiv. 470.
LEPTOCARDII, subclass of fishes, xn.
695.
LEPTOPTILUS, genus of birds, Xlli. 529.
LEPTOSOMUS, genus of birds, xx. 627.
LEPTOTHRIX, genus of Schizomycetes,
xxi. 399.
LEPUS, genus of rodent mammals, XL
476; xx. 192.
LE Puv, town, France, xx. 118.
LERIUCHITE, mineral, xvi. 393.
LERIDA, province, Spain, xiv. 470.
, town, Spain, xiv. 470; university
of, xxm. 839.
LERINS, islands, France, iv. 807.
LERMA, Duke of, Spanish statesman,
xviii. 746; xxn. 330.
LERMONTOFF, Mikhail Ynrevitch, Rus
sian poet and novelist, xiv. 471; xxi.
96, 107.
LE ROMAIN, Pierre Mignard, French
painter, xvi. 289.
LEROUX, Pierre, French philosopher
and politician, xiv. 471.
LE ROY, Julien David, on the monu
ments of Athens, II. 444.
LE ROY'S ELECTRICAL MACHINE, vm.
101.
LERWICK, town, Shetland, Scotland,
VTTT Q 1 Q
XV 11. 040-
LE SAGE, Alain Rene, French novelist
and dramatist, xiv. 472; ix. 666.
LE SAGE, Georges Louis, on the cause
of gravitation, III. 46.
LES ANDELYS, town, France, n. 13.
LESBIA, of Catullus, v. 248.
LESBio-yEoLic DIALECT, of Greek, XL
132.
LESBOS, island, ^Egean Sea, Asia Minor,
Xiv. 474; coins of, XVII. 646.
LESGHIANS, or Lesghis, Caucasian tribes,
xiv. 474; v. 258.
LESHKOFF, Russian historian, xxi. 108.
LESLEY, or Leslie, Charles, Irish non-
juror, xiv. 476.
, John, bishop of Ross, Scottish his
torian and statesman, xiv. 475; xxi.
542.
LESLIE, Alexander, earl of Leven, Scot
tish general, xiv. 485; xxi. 512.
, Charles, Irish non-juror, xiv. 476.
, Charles Robert, English painter,
xiv. 476.
, David, Lord Newark, Scottish
general, XVII. 371; XXI. 514.
L E S — L E Y
259
LESLIE, Sir John, Scottish scientist, xiv.
476; on radiation of heat, XX. 213;
his explanation of capillary action, v.
57-
, Thomas Edward Cliffe, political
economist, xiv. 477; xix. 397.
L'ESPAGNOLS-SUR-MER, Battle of
(1350), xvii. 280.
L'ESPINASSE, Claire Franchise de, friend
of D'Alembert, VI. 775; IX. 668.
LES ROCHERS, Madame de Sevigne's
country seat, France, XXI. 705; XXIV.
263.
LES ROUSSES, fort, France, xin. 782.
LESSEPS, Ferdinand, promoter of Suez
Canal, iv. 790.
LESSING, Gotthold Ephraim, German
philosopher, XIV. 478; X. 536; on the
theory of art, I. 219; his influence on
the German drama, VII. 441; his
fables, vni. 839; as satirist, xxi. 320.
LESSON, Rene Primevere, on birds,
xvin. 13.
LESSONIA, genus of Algre, I. 509.
L' ESTRANGE, Louis Henri, abbot of
La Trappe, xxm. 524.
Sir Roger, English pamphleteer,
xiv. 482; xvin. 205; surveyor of the
English press, xvii. 414.
LE SUEUR, Eustache, French painter,
xxii. 619.
LESUEUR, Jean Francois, French
musical composer, Xiv. 483.
LESZCZYNSKI, or Leczynski, Stanislaw,
king of Poland, IX. 585; XVII. 171;
xix. 297; xxii. 450.
LE TAI-PIH, Chinese poet, v. 666.
LE TELLIER, Michel, French minister
under Louis XIV., IX. 574.
LETHE, in Greek mythology, xiv.
483-
LETHENDY CASE, in Church of Scotland,
v- 377-
LETHINGTON, Lord, Scottish lawyer
and poet, xv. 308.
LETITCHEFF, town, Russia, xix. 254.
LETO, in Greek mythology (the Roman
Latona), n. 185; xiv. 345.
, Pomponio, Roman scholar, XX.
806.
LETRONNE, Jean Antoine, French
archaeologist, xiv. 483.
LETTER-COPYING PRESS, xxiv. 414.
LETTERKENNY, town, Ireland, vn. 362.
LETTERS, Conveyance of, xix. 562;
copyright in, VI. 360.
— OF JUNIUS, xin. 775.
TO His SON, Chesterfield's, v.
607.
LETTISH LANGUAGE, Dictionaries of,
vn. 188.
LETTRES DE CACHET, xiv. 484;
Mirabeau's, XVI. 493.
LETTRES DE LA MONTAGNE, by
Rousseau, xxi. 16.
LETTRES PERSANES, Montesquieu's,
xvi. 782.
LETTS, tribes, Lithuania, xiv. 701, 724;
xxii. 148.
LETTSOMITE, mineral, xvi. 402.
LETTUCE, garden vegetable, xn. 284.
LEUCADIA, one of the Ionian Islands,
Greece, xiv. 205; xxi. 297.
LEUCATE, lagoon, France, xx. 128.
LEUCHTENBERGITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
LEUCIPPE AND CLEITOPHON, Greek
romance, xx. 636.
LEUCIPPUS, Greek philosopher, xiv.
484.
LEUCISCUS, genus of fishes, XX. 582;
xxi. 49; xxiv. 552.
LEUCITE, mineral, x. 228; xvi. 412.
LEUCKART, Karl G. F. Rudolf, on
classification of parasites, xvm. 261;
on the tapeworm, xxi 1 1. 50 ; his
zoological classification, xxiv. 809.
LEUCOCYTH^EMIA, disease, xvm. 376.
LEUCOCYTOSIS, disease, xvm. 376.
LEUCODERMA, skin disease, xxii. 122.
LEUCONARIA, tribe of sponges, xxii.
422.
LEUCOPATHIA, or Albinism, skin affec
tion, i. 455.
LEUCOPHANE, mineral, xvi. 418.
LEUCOPYRITE, mineral, xvi. 390.
LEUCOSTICTE, genus of birds, xiv.
675.
LEUCTRA, Greece, Battle of (371), vin.
456; XL 103.
LEUK, village, Switzerland, XIV. 484;
mineral water of, xvi. 433, 435.
LEUKAEMIA, disease, xvm. 376.
LEUKOPHIBIA (Whithorn), Roman sta
tion, Scotland, xvm. 411; xxiv. 563.
LEUPICHIS, ancestor of Paulus Diaconus,
xvin. 436.
LEUPOLD, Jacob, inventor of non-con
densing steam-engine, XXII. 476.
LEUTHAR, leader of the Alemanni, xvn.
233-
LEUTHEN, Prussian Silesia, Battle of
(1757), in. 128.
LEUTHOLF, or Ludolf, Hiob, German
Orientalist, xv. 59.
LEUTSCHAU, town, Hungary, xiv. 485.
LEUWARDEN, or Leeuwarden, town,
Holland, xiv. 410.
LEUWENHOEK, or Leeuwenhoek (q.v.\
Anthony van, Dutch microscopist,
xiv. 410.
LEVADIAS, disease, in Cape Verd Islands,
v. 51.
LE VAILLANT, Francois, on birds, xvm.
8, ii.
LEVANT, countries bordering on Eastern
Mediterranean, n. 703.
— COMPANY, xxi. 827.
— SPONGE, xxii. 423.
LEVEES, of Mississippi river, xvi. 520.
LEVELLING, in surveying, xxii. 707;
instrument for, xxi I. 720.
LEVELS, in mining, xvi. 448.
LEVEN, Earl of (Alexander Leslie), Scot
tish general, Xiv. 485.
LEVENTINA, valley, Switzerland, xxii.
785; xxm. 351.
LEVEQUE, Charles, on the beautiful, I.
213, 220.
LEVER, Charles, Irish novelist, xiv.
485.
- BALANCE, in. 262.
ESCAPEMENT, of watch, xxiv.
396.
LEVERRIER, Urbaiii Jean Joseph,
French astronomer, xiv. 486; his
share in the discovery of the planet
Nepture, 1 1. 813; on the solar parallax,
xvill. 246.
LEV I, of Scripture, son of Jacob, xiv.
487; tribe of, xm. 400.
LEVIATHAN, Hobbes's work, vm. 422;
xn. 35.
LEVIN, Rahel Antonie, wife of Varn-
hagen von Ense, xxiv. 91.
LEVIS, town, Canada, xiv. 487; xx.
167.
LEVITES, of Scripture, xiv. 487; xin.
418; xix. 728.
LEVITICAL CITIES, of Israel, xiv. 489.
LEVITICUS, Book of, xvin. 505.
LEVULOSE, or Laevulose, in chemistry,
ix. 96; xn. 136; xxii. 624.
LEVY, Armand, on crystallographic
symbols, vi. 675.
LEVYNE, mineral, xvi. 422.
LEW-CHEW ISLANDS, North Pacific
Ocean, xiv. 489; xin. 570.
LEWES, town, England, xiv. 490; xxii.
725.
— , George Henry, English writer,
XIV. 491; on evolution, vin. 765.
LEWIN, Harriet, wife of George Grote,
XL 213, 216.
LEWIS, kings of France. See Louis.
, or The Lews, part of island,
Hebrides, Scotland, Xiv. 492; XX. 854.
, Sir George Cornewall, English
writer and statesman, Xiv. 492.
-, Matthew Gregory, English writer,
xiv. 493.
, Meriwether, American explorer,
xiv. 494.
, William, English chess-player, V.
601.
LEWISTON, town, Maine, U.S.A., xiv.
494-
LEX, in Roman law, xx. 670
LEXELL'S COMET, n. 814.
LEXIAS, variety of Spanish raisins, xx.
258.
LEXICON, LEXICOGRAPHY, vn. 180.
- TECHNICUM, Harris's, xi. 493.
LEXINGTON, town, Kentucky, U.S.A.,
xiv. 494; battle of (1775), xxm.
740.
— , town, Missouri, U.S.A., xiv. 494.
— , town, Virginia, U.S.A., xiv. 494.
LEXIPHANES, Lucian's dialogue, xv. 43.
LEXOVII, tribe, ancient Gaul, xiv. 693.
LEX REX, Rutherfurd's work, xxi. 112.
LEYDEN, town, Holland, xiv. 494; in
260
L E Y — L I F
time of Scaliger, XXI. 364; libraries,
XIV. 531; medical school, XV. 812;
observatory, XV n. 715; university,
xxiii. 850.
LEYDEN, John, Scottish poet, xiv. 495.
JAR, electrical apparatus, vin. 5, 6,
7, 34; explained by Allamaud, I. 579.
LEYLAND, John, English antiquary,
xiv. 433.
LEYTE, island, Philippines, xvm. 752.
LHASA, town, Tibet, xiv. 496; popula
tion, xxiii. 344.
L'HERMINIER, Felix Louis, on birds,
XVIII. 21.
LHERZOLITE, mineral, xvi. 416.
LHOBRA, district, Tibet, xxiii. 341.
L'HOPITAL, or L'Hospital, Michel de,
chancellor of France, xiv. 503; ix.
560.
LHOTA, Bohemia, Synod of (1467), xvi.
811.
LHOYUL, district, Tibet, xxiii. 340.
LHUYD, Edward, on Celtic philology, v.
299.
Li, Chinese books of rites and cere
monies, vi. 263.
LIABILITY, Limited and Unlimited, vi.
222; in partnership, xvm. 330.
Li A FAIL, coronation stone, Scotland,
xxi. 51.
LIAKHOFF, Russian Arctic explorer, xix.
318.
LIARD, Canadian tree, XIX. 512.
LlAS, geological system, x. 354.
LiAU-YANG, town, China, xiv. 504.
LIBANIUS, Greek sophist, xiv. 504.
LlBANUS, Libanos, or Lebanon, moun
tains, Syria, XIV. 392; XXII. 821;
xxiii. 654.
LIBATIONS, Religious, xxi. 133.
LIBAU, town, Russia, Xiv. 504.
LIBAVIUS, Andreas, on chemistry, v. 460.
LIBEL, in law, xiv. 505.
LIBELLULIDJE, family of insects, VII.
386.
LIBER, Roman deity, xiv. 507.
LIBERA, Roman deity, xiv. 507.
LIBER ALDUS, of Edward I., i. 167.
LIBERALIA, Roman festival, xiv. 508.
LIBERALISM, in relation to the Renais
sance, xx. 394.
LIBERAL PARTY, English political party,
xxiv. 540.
LIBER DE WINTONIA, or Domesday
Book, vii. 349.
LIBERIA, republic, West Africa, xiv. 508;
i. 269.
LIBERIAN GROUP, of Negroes, xvi I. 319.
LIBERIUS, pope, xiv. 509; xix. 490.
LIBER REGALIS, English book, vi. 430.
LIBER STUDIORUM, Turner's work,
xxiii. 664.
LIBERTAD, town, Nicaragua, Central
America, XVII. 477, 479.
LIBERTY, Natural, doctrine of the physio
crats, xix. 360.
OF THE PRESS, xix. 710.
LIBERUM VETO, Polish statute, xix.
290, 294.
LIBETHENITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
LIBICI, Ligurian tribe, Italy, xiv. 639.
LlBOURNE, town, France, xiv. 509.
LIBRA, ancient Roman coin, xvn. 655.
, Roman weight, XXIV. 488.
LIBRARIAN, Office and duties of, xiv.
536, 540.
LIBRARIES, xiv. 509 (with lists, 542);
classification of books in, ill. 66 1;
garrison, of British army, II. 586.
LIBRARY MANAGEMENT, xiv. 536.
LIBRATION, Lunar, n. 800.
LlBRl, on artistic bookbinding, IV. 41.
LlBURNIANS, ancient people, on Adriatic
coasts, xiv. 551.
LIBYA, ancient territory, North Africa,
xiv. 551.
LIBYAN DESERT, North Africa, xxi.
150; xxiii. 575; oases of, xvn. 695.
LIBYAN LANGUAGE, xvm. 778.
LlCATA, or Alicata, seaport, Sicily, I.
574; xxii. 31.
LICE, human parasites, XV. 24; XXII.
123.
LICENSING ACT (1872), on adulterations,
i. 167.
LICENSING LAWS, xiv. 688; xxiii. 159;
in relation to Sabbath observance,
xxii. 656.
LiCHE (Latakia), town, Syria, xiv. 323.
LICHEN, xiv. 552. See Lichens.
, skin disease, XXII. 122.
LiCHENES, or Lichens (q.v.), suborder of
Fungi, ix. 834.
LICHENINE, gelatin in lichens, xiv. 558.
LICHENS, group of plants, xiv. 552;
xxiv. 128; vegetative organs of, iv.
107; parasitic forms, xvm. 266; re
production in, iv. 162; xx. 423; her
barium for, XL 718.
LlCHFlELD, town, England, xiv. 563.
LlCH'-GATE, in architecture, n. 467.
LlCHTENBERG, principality, Germany,
xiv. 563.
, Georg Christoph, German physicist
and satirist, xiv. 563; his dust figures,
in electricity, vill. 66.
LICHTENSTEIN, Ulrich von, early Ger
man writer, X. 525.
LICHTERFELDE, Prussia, Electric tram
way at, XXIII. 495.
LICINIAN LAW, Roman, xx. 738.
LICINIO, Giovanni Antonio, Italian
painter, Xix. 519.
LICINIUS, Roman emperor, xiv. 564; vi.
299.
— MACER, Roman annalist, xiv. 729.
LICK OBSERVATORY, Mount Hamilton,
California, U.S.A., XVII. 715; telescope
in, xxiii. 151.
LICZCOWICE, town, Russian Poland, xv.
3°-
LlDA, town, Russia, XXIV. 234.
LIDDELL, Duncan, Scottish writer on
medicine, xxi. 543.
LlDDESDALE, district, Scotland, xxi. 34.
LIDNER, Bengt, Swedish writer, xxii.
757-
LlDY, or Lida, town, Russia, XXIV. 234.
LIE, Sophistical problem of the, xvm.
742.
, Jonas, Norwegian novelist, xvn.
592.
LIEBENERITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
LlEBENSTKlN, .spa, Germany, XVI. 434.
LIEBER, Francis, American publicist,
Xiv. 564.
LIEBERKUHN, Glands or crypts of, in
anatomy, vn. 227; xvn. 669.
LIEBERKUHNIA, genus of Foraminifera,
ix. 373-
LIEBIG, Justus, German chemist, xiv.
565; his condenser, vii. 261; his ex
tract of meat, xix. 707; xxiv. 15; on
fermentation, IX. 94; on fossil manures,
I. 348.
LlEBlGITE, mineral, xvi. 399.
LIECHTENSTEIN, principality, Germany,
xiv. 568.
LIEF, or Leif, early Greenland voyager,
I. 706; xi. 171.
LIEGE, town, Belgium, xiv. 568; de
struction of, by Burgundians, v. 424;
sculptures in cathedral, xxi. 564;
library, xiv. 531; university, ill. 519;
xxiii. 850.
LlEGNlTZ, town, Prussia, xiv. 569;
xxii. 53; battle of (1241), xxii. 52.
LIEMBA, lake, Africa, I. 248.
LIEN, in law, xiv. 569.
LiERRE, or Lier, town, Belgium, xiv.
570; normal school at, ill. 520.
LIESTHAL, town, Switzerland, in. 409;
XXII. 778.
LIEUTAUD,. Joseph, anatomist, I. 814.
LIEUTENANT, Naval, his duties, xvn.
293-
LIEVIN, town, France, xvm. 340.
LIEVRITE, mineral, xvi. 410.
LIFE, its distinctive properties, in. 679;
protoplasmic, XIX. 828; of man, I.
843; human, legal divisions of, I. 279;
human, expectation of, xiv. 859; of
animals, xix. 10; distribution of, vii.
267; x. 212; duration of, xiv. 857;
theories of, xvin. 843; evolution of the
sum of, vin. 747; geological action of,
x. 289; vegetable, distribution of, vn.
286; X. 212; attributed to fire, ix. 231 ;
pleasures and pains of, in philosophy,
XVIII. 690.
ANNUITIES, n. 72.
ASSURANCE, xm. 168; post-office,
XIX. 574; tontine system, xxin. 444.
LIFEBELT, xiv. 571.
LIFEBOAT, xiv. 570; xxi. 803; con
struction of, xxi. 825.
LIFE INSURANCE, xm. 168.
LIFE-PRESERVING DRESS, for diving,
vn. 297.
LIFE-SAVING APPARATUS, on water,
xiv. 570.
L I F — L I N
261
LlFFEY, river, Ireland, VII. 495.
LIFTS, elevating apparatus, xiv. 573; for
blast furnaces, XIII. 301; hydraulic,
xn. 520.
LlFU, island, South Pacific, XV. 30.
LiG AMENTUM DENTICULATUM, in ana
tomy, I. 865.
LlGAN, in English law, IX. 342.
LlGER (Loire), river, France, Xiv. 806.
LIGHT, xiv. 577; xvn. 798; aberration
of, I. 47; in relation to crystals, xvi.
372; electric, vill. 58; in relation to
ether, vill. 569; produced by gas, x.
87; identical with radiant heat, XI.
577; its relation to magnetism, XV. 273;
phosphorescent, xvill. 813; action of,
in photography, xvill. 821, 835, 837;
its influence on plants, XIX. 55, 58,
62; radiation of, in relation to heat,
XX. 213; reflexion of, by metals, xvi.
64; its action on the retina, vill. 821;
velocity of, n. 797; XXIV. 458;
parallax determined from its velocity,
xvill. 246; wave theory of, xxiv.
421; zodiacal, XXIV. 796; Newton's
investigations on, XVII. 440; Roemer's
discovery of its velocity, XX. 620;
worship of, by Persians, xvi. 529.
LIGHTFOOT, John, English rabbinical
scholar, xiv. 614.
LIGHTHOUSE, xiv. 615.
LIGHTING, Electric, xiv. 630.
, Gas, x. 87.
, of mines, xvi. 461.
, of railway carriages, XX. 248, 250.
LIGHTNING, its origin, xxm. 330; its
connexion with the aurora, HI. 92;
its relation to electricity, vill. 6; death
by, xv. 781.
CONDUCTOR, xiv. 633; for light
houses, xiv. 629; Harris's discoveries,
XL 494.
LIGHT OF NATURE, Tucker's work,
xxm. 603.
LlGN ALOES, of Scripture, I. 597.
LIGNANO, Italy, Battle of (1176), IX.
730.
LIGNIN-DYNAMITE, explosive, xvn.
521.
LIGNITE, mineral, VI. 46; X. 238, 365;
xvi. 429; as fuel, IX. 808.
LIGNON DU NORD, river, France, Xiv.
807.
LIGNUM VIT^E, tree, xi. 230.
LIGNY, Belgium, Battle of (1815), xvn.
224.
LIGOR, district, Malay Peninsula, xv.
322.
LlGUEST, Pierre Laclede, French settler
in Missouri, U.S.A., xxi. 185.
LlGULAT^E, subclass of ferns, IX. 107.
LIGUORI, Alfonso Maria de', Roman
theologian, xiv. 634; on the infliction
of torture, XXI 1 1. 464.
LIGUORIANISM, theological school, xiv.
634-
LIGURIA, ancient district, Italy, xiv .639.
LIGURIAN BEES, in. 497.
LIGURIAN DIALECT, XIIL 493.
LIGURIANS, ancient Italian people, X.
in; xiii. 446; xiv. 639.
LIGUSTRUM, genus of plants, xix. 764.
LlGYES, or Ligyans (Ligurians), ancient
Italian race, xiii. 446; Xiv. 639.
LILAC, tree, xiv. 640; n. 320.
LILBURNE, John, English sectary and
pamphleteer, xiv. 640; xvin. 205.
LILIENFELD, P. von, German economist,
xix. 394.
LILIENTHAL, Germany, Observatory at,
xvn. 713.
LILI SCHONEMANN, friend of Goethe,
x. 727.
LlLlUM, genus of plants, XIV. 643.
LILIUS, Aloysius, author of the new
style in the calendar, IV. 671.
LILJA, Goran, Swedish poet, xxn. 754.
LlLLE, town, France, Xiv. 641; univer
sity of, xxm. 851.
LILLEBONNE, town, France, xiv. 642.
LiLLiBURLERO, English political ballad,
xxiv. 529.
LlLLJEBORG, Wilhelm, on birds, xvill.
34-
LILLY, or Lyly, John, English writer,
xv. 103.
-, William, English astrologer, xiv.
642.
LILY, plant, xiv. 643; xn. 257.
-, Nile, greenhouse plant, xn. 264.
LILYB/EUM (Marsala), ancient town,
Sicily, xv. 571; xxn. 16.
LILYE, "William, English grammarian,
xiv. 643; VIIL 414.
LIMA, town, Peru, XIV. 644; xvin. 674;
library of, xiv. 536, 551; observatory,
xvn. 716.
— , town, Ohio, U.S.A., xiv. 645.
LiMAGNE, plain, France, XX. 119.
LlMASOL, town, Cyprus, VI. 748.
Ll-MA-TEU (Matteo Ricci), Jesuit mis
sionary in China, XX. 537.
LIMAX, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 662;
xxn. 187.
LIMBIRD, John, promoter of cheap litera
ture, xvin. 538.
LiMBORCH, Philip van, Dutch theo
logian, xiv. 645.
LlMBOURG, province, Belgium, Xiv. 646.
LIMBS, Anatomy of the, I. 826; abnor
mal, xvi. 763, 764; of mammals, xv.
359; of birds, III. 720; in skeleton,
xxn. 116.
LIMBURG, province, Belgium, xiv. 645.
— , province, Holland, xiv. 646; dia
lects of, xv. 196.
, town, Prussia, Xiv. 646.
LIMBUS, Nepalese race, xvn. 341.
— INFANTUM, LIMBUS PATRUM, xiv.
646.
LIME, mineral, xiv. 647 ; effects of
calcination of, XIII. 296; decomposi
tion of, into quicklime, XXI. 166; as
manure, I. 350; xv. 509; phosphates
of, xvin. 819 ; superphosphate as
manure, I. 348. See also Limestone.
LIME, tree, xiv. 648 ; in United States,
XXIII. 808; culture of, II. 318.
FURNACE, ix. 844.
LIME-JUICE, xiv. 439; an antidote to
scurvy, VII. 207.
LIME- LIGHT, introduced by T. Drum-
mond, vii. 480.
LlME-MlCA, mineral, xvi. 413.
LIMERICK, county, Ireland, xiv. 648;
population and representation, xxin,
727; town, xiv. 649; treaty of (1691),
xiii. 268.
LIME SALT, xvin. 92.
LIMES GERMANIC, of Trajan, xxin.
5°3-
LIMESTONE, mineral, x. 232, 238; xvi.
397 ; marble a variety of, xv. 528;
strength of, xxn. 603; caves in, v.
265. See also Lime.
LlMlCOL^E, group of birds, Xiv. 129;
XVIII. 45; xix. 228.
— , division of worms, XXIV. 677.
LIMING, in bleaching, in. 814.
LIMITATION, Statutes of, xiv. 650.
LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES, m.
329; vi. 222.
LiMNiEUS, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 660,
662; xxn. 187.
LIMNITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
LlMNOS, or Lemnos, island, zEgean Sea,
Turkey, XIV. 436.
LIMOGES, town, France, xiv. 651 ;
population, XXIV. 223; enamelling of,
Vill. 184.
LIMONITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
LIMONITIC IRON ORES, xin. 287.
LlMONUM (Poitiers), ancient town,
France, xix. 282.
LIMOSA, island, Mediterranean Sea, xv.
820,
, genus of birds, x. 720.
LIMOUSIN, Leonard, enamel painter,
vin. 184,
LIMPET, mollusc, xvi. 646.
LIMPIA, mountains, Texas, U.S.A.,
xxin, 204.
LlMPKIN, bird, XX. 223.
LIMPOPO, river, South Africa, I. 254;
xxin. 517.
LIMULUS, crustacean, vi. 662.
LIMYRUS, river, Asia Minor, xv. 93.
LINACRE, Thomas, English humanist
and physician, xiv. 652; vin. 414.
LINARES, town, Spain, xiv. 653.
LINARITE, mineral, xvi. 402.
LINCEI, Accademia dei, Rome, I. 70.
LINCOLN, county, England, xiv. 653;
population and representation, xxin.
727; sheep, I. 392.
, town, England, XIV. 656; likeness
of cathedral to that of Clugny, I. 15.
, town, South Australia, xxn. 284.
— , town, Illinois, U.S.A., xiv. 658.
— , town, Nebraska, U.S.A., xiv. 658;
xvn. 309.
262
L I N — L I S
LINCOLN, town, Rhode Island, U.S.A.,
xx. 524.
, Abraham, president of the United
States, xiv. 658; xxm. 772, 779.
- COLLEGE, Oxford, England, xvm.
97-
SHEEP, i. 392.
LINCOLN'S INN, legal society, London,
xiii. 87, 90.
LINCRUSTA WALTON, material for wall
decoration, xiv. 676.
LINDAKERITE, mineral, xvi. 399.
LINDAU, town, Bavaria, Xiv. 663.
LINDEN, or Lime (q.v.), tree, xiv. 648.
LINDENAU, Bernhard von, Saxon minis
ter, xxi. 356.
LINDISFARNE, or Holy Island, England,
xii. 105; xvii. 565; foundation of
monastery on, xiii. 250.
GOSPELS, viii. 382; xvm. 159.
LINDLEY, John, English botanist, xiv.
663.
, Sir N., on legal partnership,
xvm. 329.
LINDOCOLINA (Lincoln), mediaeval town,
England, xiv. 657.
LIND'S ANEMOMETER, n. 24.
LINDSAY, town, Ontario, Canada, xvii.
775-
, Lord, his transit of Venus expedi
tion, xvm. 248.
LINDSEY, division of Lincolnshire,
England, Xiv. 655.
, Theophilus, English theologian,
xiv. 663.
LINDUM COLONIA (Lincoln), mediaeval
town, England, xiv. 657.
LlNDUS, town, Ehodes, xx. 526.
LINE, Representation of a, in geometrical
projection, xix. 80 1.
ENGRAVING, vui. 440.
GEOMETRY, Pliicker's invention
of, xix. 230.
LINEN, Bleaching of, in. 820.
- MANUFACTURES, xiv. 663 ; in
England, vui. 232; in Ireland, xiii.
231; n. 143; in. 513; in Scotland,
vii. 534.
LINEN-PAPER, xvm. 218.
LINEN TRADE, at Lille, xiv. 642.
LINE OF COMMUNICATION, in war,
xxiv. 350.
LINEUS, genus of worms, xvii. 326.
LING, fish, xiv. 668.
— , plant, XL 589.
, Per Henrik, Swedish poet and
writer on gymnastics, XXII. 757.
LINGARD, John, English historian, xiv.
668.
LINGAYATS, Hindu sect, Madras, xv.
185.
LINGDAN KHAN, Mongol ruler, xvi.
743-
LINGONES, tribe of Gauls, Italy, xiii.
446.
LINGUET, Simon N. II., his Annales
Politicoes, xvii. 430.
LINGUISTICS, or Science of Language,
xvm. 765.
LINGULID/E, family of Brachiopoda, IV.
194.
LINGZI-TANG, plateau region, Tibet,
xxm. 339.
LINK MOTION, for steam valves, xxn.
503.
LINKOPING, town, Sweden, xiv. 668.
LINK-WORK, in mechanics, xv. 761 ;
kinematics of, xv. 697.
LIN LEY, Miss, wife of Richard Brinsley
Sheridan, xxi. 797.
LINLITHGOW, county, Scotland, xiv.
669; area and population, xxi. 528;
representation, xxm. 727; town, xiv.
670.
LOCH, Scotland, observations on
its temperature, Xiv. 220.
, mineral, vi. 81; xvi. 391.
S, Carolus, Swedish naturalist,
XIV. 671; XXII. 756; on birds, XVIII. 5;
on classification and morphology, xvi.
838; on crystals, vi. 672; on ichthyo
logy, xii. 632; his classification of
plants, IV. 79; on reptiles, xx. 434;
his zoological classification, xxiv. 804.
LINNE, Carl von (Linnaeus, q.v.), Swed
ish naturalist, xiv. 671.
•, Carl von, the Younger, Swedish
naturalist, xiv. 674.
LINNELL, John, English painter, xiv.
674.
LINNET, bird, xiv. 675.
-, Green, bird, xi. 165.
LINOLEUM, floor-cloth, xiv. 676; vi.
402; ix. 329.
LINOS, town, Mexico, xxiv. 761.
LlNOTA, genus of birds, xiv. 675.
LINSEED, xiv. 676; cake, xvii. 739;
adulterations of cake, I. 174; oil, xvii.
744; use of oil in preparing varnish,
xxiv. 91.
LlNTH, river, Switzerland, XXII. 776.
LINTOT SOCIETY, London, ix. 781.
LlN-TSZE, town, China, xxm. 601.
LINUS, saint and martyr, xiv. 678.
•, of Greek legend, xiv. 678.
LlNZ, town, Austria, xiv. 678.
LION, carnivorous mammal, XIV. 679;
xv. 435; of India, XII. 741; of Sene-
gambia, xxi. 662.
LIONARDO (or LEONARDO), DA VINCI,
Italian artist and man of science and
letters, xiv. 455; xiii. 508; xxi. 437,
569.
LIONEL, duke of Clarence, xxiv. 752.
LIONNE, Hugues de, French minister
under Louis XIV., IX. 574.
LIP, Cancer in the, xvm. 382.
LIPALULE, river, Transvaal, South
Africa, xxm. 517.
LIPARI ISLANDS, Mediterranean Sea,
xiv. 682; i. 182; xv. 820.
LIPARITE, rock, x. 234.
LIPETSK, town, Russia, xiv. 683; xxm.
41.
LIPNO, town, Russian Poland, xix.
227.
LlPOA, genus of birds, XV. 827.
LIPOCEPHALA, branch of Mollusca,
xvi. 684.
LIPOMA. disease, XVIIL 389.
LIPOVETS, town, Russia, xiv. 69.
LIPOXAIS, Scythian hero, xxi. 576.
LIPPE, territory, Germany, xiv.
683.
, or Lippe-Detmold, principality,
Germany, xiv. 683.
, river, Rhenish Prussia, xx. 20,
519.
LIPPEMUNDE, ancient town, Germany,
xxiv. 502.
LIPPERSHEY, Hans, probable inventor
of the telescope, xxm. 136.
LlPPE SPRINGE, spa, Germany, xvi.
433-
LIPPI, Filippino, or Lippino Lippi,
Italian painter, XIV. 685, 459; IX. 773;
XV. 606; XXI. 435.
, Fra Filippo, or Lippo Lippi, Italian
painter, xiv. 684; xxi. 434, 435.
, Lorenzo, Italian painter and poet,
xiv. 685.
LIPPMANN'S CAPILLARY ELECTRO
METER, viii. 109, 122.
Li PS i US, Justus, or Joest Lips, Dutch
humanist, xiv. 685; his Latinity, xiv.
342-
LIQUEURS, xiv. 686.
LIQUIDAMBAR, tree and gum from it,
xiv. 687.
LIQUIDS, defined, vi. 311; xii. 459;
diffusion in, vn. 216; elasticity of, vn.
Soi; expansions of, XL 584; surface-
tension of, v. 59; velocity of sound in,
I. 104.
LIQUORICE, or Black Sugar, xiv. 687.
LIQUOR LAWS, xiv. 688; xxm. 195; in
Maine, U.S.A., xv. 299; in relation to
Sabbath observance, xxil. 656.
LIRIPIPES, in mediaeval costume, vi.
469.
LIROCONITE, mineral, xvi. 407.
LISBON, town, Portugal, xiv. 690;
academy of sciences, I. 73; lazaretto,
xx. 154; library, xiv. 532; observa
tory, xvii. 713; wine industry, xxiv.
609.
LISBURN, town, Ireland, xiv. 693.
LlSDOONVARNA, spa, Ireland, v. 802;
xvi. 435.
LISIEUX, town, France, xiv. 693.
LlSlTCHANSK, Russia, Mines of, xv.
60.
LlSKE, Xavier, Polish historian, xix.
3°5-
LiSKEARD, town, England, xiv. 694.
LISLE, Joseph Nicolas de, French
astronomer, xiv. 694.
L'lSLE, Rouget de, author of Marseil
laise Hymn, xiv. 868; xxi. 13.
— D' ADAM, grand-master of Hospi
tallers, xxi. 174.
L I S — L L A
263
LiSMORE, town, Ireland, XIV. 694; XXIV.
401.
, island, Scotland, xiv. 694.
, Book of the Dean of, MS. poems,
xiv. 694.
LISNEGARVY (Lisburn), town, Ireland,
xiv. 693.
Liso, Tibetan tribe, xxin. 344.
LlSSA, island, Adriatic Sea, XIV. 695;
battle of (1866), xiii. 491.
, town, Prussia, XIV. 694.
LISSAHORN, mountain, Silesia, XXII. 53.
LlSSOFLAGELLATA, subclass of Protozoa,
xix. 856.
LIST, Friedrich, German economist,
xix. 389.
LISTA, Alberto, Spanish critic, XXII.
361.
LISTER, Joseph Jackson, anatomist, I.
818 ; his antiseptic treatment in
surgery, II. 136; XXII. 678.
LISTON, John, English comedian, xiv.
695.
, Robert, Scottish surgeon, XIV.
695.
LITANG, town, Tibet, xxni. 342.
LlTANi, or Litany, river, Syria, XIV.
393; xxii. 821.
LITANY, church service, Xiv. 695;
English, viii. 379.
— , river, Syria, XIV. 393; XXII. 821.
LlTCHFIELD OBSERVATORY, Clinton,
New York, U.S.A., xvn. 715.
LITERATURE, in relation to philology,
xvm. 765 ; academies of, I. 73;
societies connected with, XXII. 227.
LiTHAMfEiu Discus, species of Proto-
zoa, xix. 843.
LITHARGE, oxide of lead, xiv. 377;
xvi. 61.
LITHGOW, "William, Scottish traveller,
xiv. 696.
LITHIOPHILITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
LlTHISTIDA, order of sponges, XXII.
423-
LITHIUM, chemical element, xiv. 697;
v. 524.
- MINERAL WATERS, xvi. 436.
LITHOFRACTEUR, explosive, xvii. 521;
for blasting, in. 809.
LITHOGRAPHIC STONE, xvi. 397.
LITHOGRAPHY, xiv. 697; xxm. 708;
map printing, xxii. 715; photo-print
ing, xvm. 833.
LITHOMARGE, mineral, xvi. 424.
LITHOTOMY, in surgery, xxiv. 189; as
practised by the ancients, XXII. 674.
LITHOXYLON, mineral, xvi. 390.
LITHUANIA, xiv. 702; its incorporation
with Poland, xix. 288, 291; xxi. 90.
LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE, xxn. 148;
dictionaries of, vn. 188.
LITHUANIANS, European people, xiv.
701; in Russian Poland, Xix. 309.
LITIN, town, Russia, xix. 254.
LITMUS, colouring matter, xiv. 703,
559-
LITTLE, Josiah, Library of, Newbury-
port, U.S.A., XVII. 376.
- EASE, torture, xxin. 465.
- FALLS, town, New York, U.S.A.,
xiv. 703.
— GENESIS, Book of, n. 176.
— Go ACT (1802), anent lotteries,
XV. II.
JAVA (Bali), island, Eastern Archi
pelago, in. 281.
JOHN, of Robin Hood ballads, XX.
606.
— ROCK, town, Arkansas, U.S.A.,
xiv. 703.
LITTLETON, Thomas de, English jurist,
xiv. 703.
LITTORINA, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 651.
LITTRE, Paul Maximilien Emile, French
lexicographer, xiv. 705.
LITUOLIDEA, order of Protozoa, Xix.
847-
LITURGY, church service, xiv. 706;
English, viii. 379; Greek, XI. 159;
Jewish, xv. 292 ; attempted intro
duction of, in Scottish Church, xxi.
511. See also article Missal.
LITU-SLAVIC LANGUAGES, xxii. 148.
LITUUS, Roman trumpet, xxni. 593.
LITYERSES, of Greek legend, xiv. 678.
LIUBATRIN, Mount, Macedonia, XV. 137.
LIUDPRAND, or Liutprand, Lombard
king, Xiii. 468; Xiv. 815.
Liu-Kiu (or LEW-CHEW) ISLANDS,
North Pacific, xiv. 489.
LIUTPRAND, king of the Lombards,
xiii. 468; xiv. 815.
— , Italian chronicler, xiv. 712.
Li v AD I A, Russian imperial residence,
Crimea, VI. 587.
LIVER, in anatomy, vn. 229 ; xvii.
674; tropical abscess of, xvm. 395;
acute yellow atrophy of, xvm. 386;
in jaundice, xiii. 598; of fishes, Xii.
655; of mammals, xv. 363; of reptiles,
xx. 457.
LIVER-FLUKE, parasitic worm, xxin.
535-
LIVERIES, Court of, feudal institution,
xiv. 115.
LIVERPOOL, town, England, xiv. 712;
libraries of, xiv. 521, 543; Mersey
tunnel at, xxin. 622; newspapers,
xvn. 421; observatory, xvii. 710;
tramways, XXIII. 506; University
College, XXIII. 854; Yyrnwy water
works, xxiv. 407.
, town, Nova Scotia, XVII. 603.
, First Earl of, English politican,
xiv. 717.
, Second Earl of, English politician,
Xiv. 718; vni. 364; Sir Robert Peel's
relations with, xvm. 453.
AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY,
England, XX. 224.
LIVERWORTS, group of plants, xiv. 718;
xvii. 66; xxiv. 128; phosphorescence
in, XVIII. 813.
LIVERY, in heraldry, XI. 710; livery
colours, in mediaeval costume, vi.
469.
COMPANIES, of London, vi. 223;
xiv. 819.
LIVESEY, Joseph, English temperance
reformer, xxni. 159.
LIVES OF THE C/ESARS, by Suetonius,
xxii. 619.
LIVES OF THE POETS, by Johnson, XIII.
728.
LIVE STOCK, Breeding and rearing of,
I. 384; improvement of, by Bakewell,
I. 302.
LIVIA, mother of the emperor Tiberius,
xxm. 335.
LIVINGSTON, Edward, American jurist,
xiv. 719.
— , Robert R., American statesman,
xiv. 720.
LIVINGSTONE, Sir Alexander, minister
of James II. of Scotland, xxi. 493.
, David, missionary and explorer in
Africa, xiv. 720; I. 247; x. 194.
Livius, Titus (Livy, q.v.), Roman his
torian, xiv. 725.
— ANDRONICUS, Roman poet and
dramatist, xiv. 723; xx. 716.
LIVLAND (Livonia), province, Russia,
xiv. 723.
LIVNY, town, Russia, xiv. 723; XVII.
826.
LIVONIA, province, Russia, xiv. 723;
xxi. 69.
LlVORNO (Leghorn, q.r.\_ town, Italy,
xiv. 416.
LIVRET, system of labour luring, Xiv.
i?3-
LIVY, Roman historian, xiv. 725; xx.
724; his language and style, xiv. 335;
representative of the Augustan age,
in. 83; Drakenborch's edition of, vn.
390.
LIXURI, town, Cephalonia, Greece, v.
344-
Lixus, ancient town, Morocco, Africa,
XV. 637; ruins of, xvi. 834; river,
xv. 637.
LIZARD, LIZARDS, order of reptiles, xiv.
732; classification of, xx. 439, 445;
parasites of, xvm. 260; Aristotle on,
xx. 432.
LLAMA, ungulate mammal, xiv. 738; I.
597; iv. 12; xv. 430; relations of
domesticated to wild forms, IV. 251.
LLANBERIS, Lakes of, "Wales, v. 119.
LLANDAFF, town, Wales, xiv. 740.
LLANDUDNO, town, Wales, xiv. 740.
LLANELLY, town, Wales, xiv. 740.
LLANGANATI, mountain, Ecuador, vn.
645.
LLANGOLLEN, town, Wales, xiv. 740.
LLANGORSE, lake, Wales, iv. 243.
LLANIDLOES, town, Wales, xvi. 789.
LLANO ESTACADO, region, Texas,
U.S.A., xxm. 203.
LLANQUIHUE, province, Chili, v. 617.
264
L L A — L O G
LLANRWST, Wales, Shaking bridge at,
iv. 332, 333-
LLANTHONY ABBEY, Monmouthshire,
England, XVI. 754.
LLONA, Numa Poinpilio, Peruvian poet,
xvm. 676.
LLORENTE, Juan Antonio, Spanish his
torian, xiv. 741.
LLOYD, Edward, founder of Lloyd's
List, xvii. 415.
LLOYD'S, marine association, xiv. 741.
WEEKLY NEWSPAPER, xvn. 419.
LLUGW, river, Wales, xx. 217.
LLYWARCH HEN, Welsh poet, v. 317.
LOACH, fish, xiv. 741; xn. 692.
LOADS, in mechanics, xv. 750.
LOADSTONE, magnetic iron ore, VI. 227;
xili. 287; xv. 219, 274.
LOAM, variety of clay, xvi. 424.
LOAN, in Roman law, xx. 693.
LOANDA, Sao Paulo de, town, West
Africa, xiv. 742.
LOANGO, district, West Coast, Africa,
xiv. 742.
LOANGWA, river, East Central Africa,
xxiv. 765.
LOANO, Italy, Battle of (1795), xv.
617-
LOANS, Foreign, their effect on com
merce, vi. 206; national, xvii. 244.
LOBATVE, group of Actinozoa, I. 132.
LOBECK, Christian August, on the Greek
Mysteries, xvii. 124.
LOBEID, town, Kordofan, Africa, vin.
153-
LOBEIRA, Yasco de, Portuguese novelist,
xix. 556; his version of Amadis of
Gaul, I. 650; xx. 653.
LOBELIA, genus of plants, xiv. 743; xii.
257.
LOBLOLLY PINE, tree, xix. 105.
LOB- NOR, desert, Central Asia, x. 713;
lake, xxin. 638.
LOBO, F. A., Portuguese writer, XIX.
558.
, F. R., Portuguese romancer, xix.
557-
-, Jeronimo, Portuguese Jesuit mis
sionary, xiv. 743.
LOBOS, islets, Peru, xvm. 671.
LOBOSA, class of Protozoa, XIX. 841.
LOBSTER, crustacean, vi. 635, 657;
fisheries, ix. 265.
LOB WORM, annelid, n. 71.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT, xi. 21.
LOCALITY, Sense of, xxm. 480.
LOCAL OPTION, temperance movement,
xiv. 688; xxm. 159.
LOCARNO, town, Switzerland, xv. 198;
xxm. 351.
LOCHEE, suburb of Dundee, Scotland,
vii. 536.
LOCHLEVEN, lake, Scotland, xiv. 92;
trout of, xxi. 222.
CASTLE, Scotland, Mary, queen of
Scots, imprisoned in, xv. 599.
LOCHY, Loch, Scotland, xiv. 217.
LOCK, fastening, XIV. 744.
, of a canal, iv. 782; of a dock, XL
466.
LOCKE, John, English philosopher, xiv.
751; on association of ideas, II. 730;
on the reasonableness of Christianity,
II. 192; his draft of constitution for
North Carolina, U.S.A., xvn. 562;
his economic teachings, XIX. 358; on
education, vii. 674; his ethics, vin.
598; on evolution, vin. 759; his
influence on Kant, xili. 848; his logic,
xiv. 792 ; on medicine, xv. 8 1 1 ; his
metaphysics, xvi. 91; his friendship
with Newton, xvn. 445; on philo
sophy, xvni. 794; his view of psy
chology, xx. 38; his place in English
literature, vill. 424, 425, 431;
Leibnitz's criticism of, xiv. 422 ;
Norris's, xvii. 552.
LOCKHART, John Gibson, Scottish man
of letters, xiv. 762.
LOCKJAW, disease, xxm. 200.
LOCK OUT, of workmen, XXIII. 500.
LOCKPORT, town, New York, U.S.A.,
xiv. 764.
LOCLE, Le, town, Switzerland, xiv. 764;
xvn. 361.
LOCMARIA (Quimper), Roman station,
France, xx. 181.
LOCMARIAQUER, France, Menhir at,
xxi. 51.
LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, xx. 225, 244;
XXii. 478, 498, 520 ; Stephenson's
invention, xxil. 537 ; Trevithick's,
xxm. 554; sheds for, on railways,
XX. 237.
LOCOMOTIVE ORGANS, in man, i. 820.
LOCOMOTOR ATAXY, disease, n. 826;
xvm. 392.
LoCRi, ancient Greek people, xiv. 764.
LOCRIS, Greece, Coins of, xvn. 642.
LOCUS, geometrical term, Xiv. 764.
LOCUST, insect, xiv. 765; XL 60; xni.
152; in Algeria, I. 563.
LOCUST-TREE, xiv. 767; in United
States, xxin. 808.
LODDON, river, England, XXIII. 220.
, river, Victoria, Australia, XXIV.
215.
LODES, mineral, xvi. 441.
LODESMAN, pilot, XIX. 96.
LODEVE, town, France, xiv. 767.
LODGE, Thomas, English dramatist and
poet, xiv. 767; xvni. 346.
LODGERS' GOODS PROTECTION ACT,
English, vii. 266.
LODI, town, Italy, xiv. 768.
LODOICEA, genus of palms, xvni. 191.
LODOMERIA, ancient principality,
Russia, x. 26.
LODORE, Falls of, Cumberland, England,
vi. 699.
LODZ, town, Russian Poland, xiv. 768; j
xxi. 70.
LOE, Thomas, English Quaker, xvni.
492.
LOEBEN, Countess von, wife of the
Comte de Saxe, xxi. 346.
LOECHE LA VILLE (Leuk), village,
Switzerland, xiv. 484; xvi. 433, 435.
LOECHE-LES-BAINS, town, Switzerland,
xiv. 484.
LOEGAIRE, Irish king, xvm. 412.
LOEGRIANS, ancient British tribe, v.
301.
LOESS, alluvial deposit, in China, v.
632; in North America, x. 370; in
Russia, xxi. 75.
LOEWY'S EQUATORIAL TELESCOPE,
xxin. 152.
LOFOTEN, or Lofoden, islands, Norway,
xiv. 768; xvn. 576; whirlpools
among, xxiv. 541.
LOFTUS, Adam, Irish archbishop, XI 1 1.
265.
LOG, in navigation, xiv. 769; xvn. 264.
LOGAN, river, Nebraska, U.S.A., xvn.
3°7-
, town, Utah, U.S.A., xxiv. 20.
, Mount, Canada, xx. 165.
, John, Scottish poet, XIV. 771;
paraphrases and hymns by, xn. 594.
, Robert, of Restalrig, his contract
with Napier, xvn. 183.
LOGANSPORT, town, Indiana, U.S.A.,
Xiv. 772.
LOGARITHMIC TABLES, xxin. 9.
LOGARITHMS, xiv. 772; i. 556; Napier's
invention of, xvn. 178; Briggs's im
provements on, IV. 343; used in astro
nomical calculations, n. 754; in navi
gation, xvn. 255; in trigonometry,
xxin. 562.
LOGAU, Friedrich von, German writer
x. 531.
LOG-BOOK, Seaman's, xvn. 264.
LOGES, Convent des, France, xxi. 170.
LOGGERHEAD, turtle, xxin. 458.
LOGGER-HEAD DUCK, xix. 252.
LOGIC, xiv. 780; xvni. 795; in relation
to metaphysics, xvi. 94; to psychology,
XX. 78; analysis and synthesis in, l.
796; uses of rhetoric in, XX. 510; its
application to theology, xxi. 421;
Boole's system of symbols in, iv. 48;
of Condillac, vi. 251; De Morgan's
contributions to, vii. 66; Hamilton's,
XI. 419; of Hegel, XI. 619; Hutche-
son's compendium of, xn. 411; Kant
on, xni. 852; Leibnitz's application
of, xiv. 422; Lully's fantastic system,
XV. 64; of John Stuart Mill, xvi. 312;
of Gilbert de la Porre"e, X. 592 ;
Ramus's contributions to, xx. 268;
scholastic, XXI. 417; Stoic doctrine of,
xxn. 566; Whately's work on, xxiv.
53°-
LOGISTIC LOGARITHMS, Tables of, xxin.
13-
LOGISTIC NUMBERS, xiv. 777.
LOGOGRAPHERS, writers of speeches,
Greek, .XX. 509.
LOGOMETRIA, by Roger Cotes, xvn. 256.
L O G — L O N
265
LOGON, river, Soudan, Africa, XXII.
277.
— GROUP, of Negroes, XVII. 319.
LOGOS, in philosophy and theology, xiv.
803; Xlll. 671; Justin's doctrine of
the, x. 823; Origen's, xill. 671; xvn.
842; Paul of Samosata's, xill. 671;
xvm. 429; Philo's, x. 823; xvill.
761; Theodore's, xxm. 255.
LOGOTYPES, in printing, xxm. 701.
LOGRONO, province and town, Spain,
Xiv. 805.
LOGROSCINO, Nicolo, Italian musician,
xvii. 94.
LOGTAK, lake, India, xv. 489.
LOGWOOD, dyewood, xiv. 805 ; of British
Honduras, xn. 133.
LOHARDAGA, or Loliardugga, district,
India, xiv. 806.
LOHENGRIN, Wagner's opera, xxiv.
3i4-
LOHENSTEIN, Daniel Kasper von,
German dramatist, VII. 440; x. 531.
LOING, river, France, xxi. 624.
LOIRE, department, France, xiv. 807.
— , river, France, xiv. 806; IX. 506.
— , Haute-, department, France, Xiv.
807.
LOIRE - INFERIEURE, department,
France, xiv. 808.
LoiRET, department, France, xiv. 808.
LOIR-ET-CHER, department, France,
xiv. 809.
LOJA, town, Spain, xiv. 809.
LOKKREN, town, Belgium, xiv. 810.
LOKEYYAH, port, on Red Sea, XX. 316.
LOKHVITSA, town, Russia, xix. 410.
LOKI, in Northern mythology, I. 210;
xvii. 474.
LOKKE, J. 0., Norwegian grammarian,
xvii. 592.
LOKMAN, of Arab tradition, xiv. 810;
in. 260.
LOKOJA, town, Soudan, Africa, xxil.
279.
LOLIGO, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 662,
671; embyro of, xvi. 683.
LOLLARDS, English religious sect, xiv.
Sio; vni. 325; XX. 321; favoured by
John of Gaunt, xiv. 256; Old castle's
connexion with, XVII. 753; persecu
tion of, xi. 660; in Scotland, xxi.
490.
LOLO, Tibetan tribe, xxm. 344.
LOMAS, coast hills, Peru, xvni. 670.
LOMA TINA, mountain, San Domingo,
XL 544.
LOMBARD, Peter, mediaeval theologian
and philosopher, xiv. 813; XXI. 425;
xxm. 834.
— ALPS, i. 627.
LOMBARDIC LAW, XXI. 2 1 6.
LOMBARDIC WRITING, XVIIL 155.
LOMBARD LEAGUE, xm. 473.
LOMBARDS, people, Italy, xiv. 813;
XX. 783; XIII. 467; cause of their
invasion of Italy, xvn. 234 ; their
settlement in Italy, xvi. 292; Paul
the Deacon's History of, xvill. 436.
LOMBARD Y, province, Italy, xiv. 816;
dialect of, xill. 493; revolt in (1844),
in. 137.
- POPLAR, tree, xix. 512.
LOMBOK, island, Indian Archipelago,
xiv. 816.
L6ME, Dupuy de, his navigable balloon,
I. 202.
LOMENIE DE BRIENNE, cardinal and
French minister, IX. 595.
LOMNICKY, Simon, Bohemian poet, XXIL
152.
LOMNITZER SPITZE, Tatra mountains,
Austria, in. 116.
LOMOND, Ben, mountain, Scotland,
XXII. 553.
— , Loch, Scotland, VII. 524; xiv. 217;
XXIL 553.
LOMONOSOFF, Mikhail Vasilievich,
Russian scientist and poet, xiv. 817;
xxi. 106.
LOMZA, government, Russian Poland,
xiv. 817; xix. 309; town, xiv. 817.
LONDINENSIUM, Colonia, ancient town,
Lincolnshire, England, xiv. 655.
LONDINIUM (London), Roman town,
England, xiv. 840.
LONDON, metropolis of England, xiv.
8 1 8; abattoirs, I. 5 ; modern archi
tecture, II. 452 ; artesian wells, II. 646;
cemeteries, v. 330; Drury Lane theatre,
xxm. 226; Foundling Hospital, ix.
483; Inns of Court, xm. 87; Jews in,
xill. 684; King's College, xxm. 854;
libraries, Xiv. 516, 543; livery com
panies, vi. 223 ; National Gallery,
xxi. 444 ; newspapers, xvii. 415;
plague in, xix. 165; police, xix. 338;
railways, XX. 239; Royal Exchange,
XL 187; xxil. 556; St Paul's Cathe
dral, xxiv. 689 ; technical schools,
xxm. 107 ; Thames tunnel, xxm.
623; trained bands, xxiv. 293; tram
ways, xxm. 506 ; university, xiv.
835 ; xxm. 854 ; founding of uni
versity, IV. 377.
, town, Ontario, Canada, Xiv. 851;
xvn. 775.
— , Survey of, Stow's work, xxil. 580.
- BRIDGE, Old, iv. 330.
— CLAY, in geology, x. 361 ; xvi.
279.
— COMPANY, its colonies in America,
xxn. 175; xxm. 729; xxiv. 260.
LONDONDERRY, county, Ireland, xiv.
852 ; population and representation,
xxm. 727.
— , town, Ireland, xiv. 853; granted
to the citizens of London, xm. 266.
-, island, Tierra del Fuego, South
America, xxm. 384.
— , Second Martpais of (Lord Castle-
reagh), English politician, xiv. 853.
LONDON GAZETTE, its establishment,
xvii. 415, 418.
LONDON LACKPENNY, Lydgate's poem,
xv. 98.
LONDON STONE, The, xiv. 842.
LONG, George, English scholar, xiv.
856.
— , Roger, his globe, constructed at
Cambridge, x. 683.
LONG BERG, Christian (Longomontanus),
Danish astronomer, xiv. 866.
LONG BRANCH, town, New Jersey,
U.S.A., xiv. 857.
LONGEVITY, xiv. 857.
LONGFELLOW, Henry Wadsworth,
American poet, XIV. 860; I. 731.
LONGFORD, county, Ireland, xiv. 863;
population and representation, xxm.
737; town, xiv. 864.
LONGICORNES, group of beetles, VI.
133-
LONGIMANUS, Artaxerxes I., king of
Persia, II. 640; XVIIL 573.
LONGINUS, Greek and Roman critic,
xiv. 864; his Art of Rhetoric, xx.
514.
— , Jan Dlugosz, Polish historian, xix.
300.
LONG ISLAND, New York, U.S.A., xiv.
865.
LONG ISLAND CITY, town, New York,
U.S.A., xiv. 866.
LONG ISLAND SOUND, New York,
Demolition of Flood Rock in, xxm.
622.
LONGITUDE, xxm. 394; in astronomy,
II. 771, 793; geographical, x. 198;
early methods of reckoning, x. 187;
determination of, X. 171; XXIL 700,
713; determination by lunar distances,
xv. 609 ; methods of finding, at sea,
n. 751; xvn. 448; in navigation, xvn.
251, 256, 268, 272; of observatories,
xvn. 710; as known to Ptolemy, xx.
88; English Board of, xvii. 258.
LONGITUDES, Bureau des, Paris, n. 301;
XVIIL 281.
LONGJUMEAU, France, Peace of (1568),
ix. 561.
LONG-LEGGED PLOVER, bird, xxn.
55'-
LONG MYND, hill, England, xxi. 847.
LONGOLIUS, Gybertus, on birds, XVIIL
3-
LONGOMONTANUS, Christian, Danish
astronomer, xiv. 866; xvii. 182.
LONG PARLIAMENT, English, v. 405;
Cromwell in, vi. 598.
LONG-SIGHT, VIII. 820.
LONG'S PEAK, Rocky Mountains,
U.S.A., xxm. 796.
LONGSWORD, William, duke of Nor
mandy, xvii. 540.
LONGUEVILLE, Ducliesse de, Frondist,
xiv. 867; vi. 246.
LONGUS, Greek romancer, xiv. 868;
xx. 635.
LONGWOOD, St Helena, place of Napo
leon's death, xxi. 171.
XXV. - 34
L 0 N — L 0 U
LONI, river, India, XX. 260.
LONICERUS, genus of plants, xn. 140.
LONNROT, Elias, collector of Finnish
poems, ix. 220.
LONS-LE-SAULNIER, town, France, xiv.
868.
Loo, card game, XV. i.
LOOCHOO (LEW-CHEW) ISLANDS, North
Pacific, xiv. 489; xin. 570.
LOODIANA, or Lndhiana, district, India,
xv. 58; xx. 109; town, xv. 58.
LOOKING-GLASSES, ix. 849; xvi. 499.
LOOK OUT MOUNTAIN, U.S.A., Battle
of (1863), xxiii. 778.
LOOM, bird, xv. 2.
, for weaving, XXIV. 464; ancient,
xxni. 206, 210.
LOOMIS, Elias, on auroral zones, in.
97; on sun-spots, II. 787.
LOON, or Loom, bird, xv. 2.
LOOSJES, Adrian, Dutch writer, xil.
97-
LOOTS, Cornelis, Dutch writer, xn. 97.
LOPADUSSA (Lampedusa), island, Medi
terranean, xiv. 249.
LOPAMUDRA, daughter of Brahma, xiv.
19.
LOPE DE RUEDA, Spanish dramatist,
vii. 420.
LOPE DE VEGA CARPIO, Spanish
dramatist and poet, xxiv. 121; vn.
420; xxn. 357, 358.
LOPES, Duarte, Portuguese explorer, x.
183-
LOPEVI, island, New Hebrides, Pacific,
xvii. 395.
LOPEZ, Carlos Antonio, Paraguayan
ruler, xv. 2.
, Francisco Solano, Paraguayan
general, xv. 2.
DE AYALA, Pedro, Spanish poet,
xxn. 353, 354.
DE MENDOZA, liiigo, Spanish poet,
xxn. 355.
DE UBEDA, Spanish poet, xxn.
357-
LOPHIODONTIDTE, family of ungulate
mammals, xv. 428.
LOPHIOMYID/E, family of rodent mam
mals, xv. 418.
LOPHIUS, genus of fishes, ix. 269.
LOPHOBRANCHII, or Lophobranchs,
order of fishes, xn. 694; XL 852.
LOPHOPUS, genus of Polyzoa, XIX. 437.
LOPHORTYX, genus of birds, xx. 147.
LOPHYROPODA, division of Crustacea,
VI. 664.
LOPHYRUS, genus of insects, XXI. 343.
LORA, river, Afghanistan, I. 229.
LORANTHACE^E, order of parasitic
plants, xvin. 265.
LORCA, town, Spain, xv. 3.
LORD, title, xxin. 417.
ADVOCATE, of Scotland, i. 1 79.
CHAMBERLAIN, of the royal house
hold, England, XXL 37 ; lord great
chamberlain, England, xxii. 459.
LORD CHANCELLOR, or Lord High Chan
cellor, of England, V. 388; XVI. 473;
list of lord chancellors, VIII. 368.
CHANCELLORS, Campbell's Lives
of the, iv. 759.
— CHIEF JUSTICE, English, xin. 789.
-HIGH ADMIRAL, English, i. 154;
special commission of, I. 160.
— HIGH CONSTABLE, xxii. 459.
OF THE ISLES, Scottish title, XL
607; xin. 387.
— OF THE ISLES, Scott's poem, xxi.
549-
OF MISRULE, v. 704.
LORDS, House of, British, xvm. 310,
461; as court of appeal, n. 209.
LORD'S DAY, The, xxi. 125; xxn. 653.
LORDS OF CONGREGATION, Scotland,
xxi. 501.
LORDS SPIRITUAL, English, xvin. 306,
459, 465.
LORD STEWARD, of royal household,
England, xxi. 37; lord high steward,
England, xxn. 458.
LORD'S SUPPER, sacrament, vin. 651;
xxi. 131, 139; St Paul's doctrine of,
xvin. 428. See Eucharist.
LORENZETTI, Ambrogio, Italian painter,
xxi. 434.
LORENZO, St, martyr, xiv. 370.
, Fiorenzo di, Italian painter, xxi.
436.
— MARQUES, Portuguese settlement,
South-East Africa, xv. 3; vn. 40.
LORETO, town, Italy, xv. 3; pilgrimages
to, XIX. 95.
LORIA, town, Italy, xiv. 349.
, Rabbenu Shelomoh, Jewish rabbi,
XX. 473.
LORICARIA, genus of fishes, xxn. 69.
LORICATA, division of Rotifera, xxi. 8.
LORIENT, town, France, xv. 4.
LORIKEET, bird, xv. 7.
LORIS, genus of lemurs, xiv. 443.
LORIUS, genus of birds, XV. 7.
LORRAINE, territory, France and Ger
many, XV. 4 ; formation of ancient
kingdom of, IX. 534; province annexed
to France, x. 502; to Germany (1871),
IX. 627; X. 513.
, Dukes and Cardinals of, XL 267.
, Claude of, French painter, v. 814;
XXI. 440.
LORY, bird, xv. 7; xvin. 322; xxin.
487.
Los ANDES, state, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
Los ANGELES, town, California, U.S.A.,
xv. 7.
Lo-SHAN, town, China, xiv. 216.
Los ISLANDS, West Africa, xxi. 661;
xxn. 45.
Lo SPAGNA (Giovanni di Pietro), Italian
painter, XXII. 292.
Lo SPAGNOLETTO (Giuseppe Ribera),
Spanish painter, XX. 532.
LOT, Scripture patriarch, XV. 8.
— , department, France, xv. 8.
LOT-ET-GARONNE, department, France,
xv. 8.
LOTHAIR L, emperor, xv. 9; ix. 533;
x. 480; at Rome, XX. 787.
, the Saxon, emperor, xv. 9; XXI.
352-
— , or Hlothar, king of the Franks,
IX. 530.
LOTHAIRE, king of Lorraine, XVII. 483.
LOTHARINGIA (Lorraine, q.i:), xv. 4;
formation of kingdom of, IX. 534.
LOTHARIO, origin of popular use of the
name, xxi. 29.
LOTHIAN, district, Scotland, xv. 9.
— , East, county, Scotland, xi. 361.
— , Mid, county, Scotland, vn. 656.
— , West, county, Scotland, xiv. 669.
LOTHRINGEN (Lorraine, q.v.\ xv. 4.
LOTTE BUFF, friend of Goethe, x. 725.
LOTTERIES, xv. n; state, ix. 182.
LOTTERY LOANS, National, xvii. 244.
LOTTO, Lorenzo, Italian painter, XXL
436.
LOTUS, shrub and water-lily, XV. 12.
— EATERS, Libyan tribe, xv. 1 1.
- EATERS' ISLAND (Jerba), North
Africa, x. 442; xxii. 620.
LOTZ, Johann Friedrich Eusebius, Ger
man economist, xix. 387.
LOTZE, Rudolph Hermann, German
philosopher, XV. 1 2 ; 011 evolution,
vin. 768.
LOUDON HILL, Scotland, Battle of
(1679), xxi. 516.
LOUDUN, town, France, xv. 15.
LOUGHBOROUGH, town, England, xv.
15-
— , Lord, lord chancellor of England,
xxiv. 475.
LOUGHREA, town, Ireland, x. 56.
LOUHANS, town, France, xxi. 302.
LOUIS L, the Pious, emperor, xv. 15;
IX. 533; x. 480.
— 1 1. -I II., emperors, xv. 16.
- IV., the Child, emperor, xv. 16.
- IV. or V., emperor, xv. 16; x.
480, 494; king of Italy, XIII. 477;
king of Rome, xx. 709; his defence
of Occam, xvn. 717.
I., king of France (emperor Louis
I.), xv. 15; ix. 533; x. 480.
— II., the Stammerer, of France, xv.
17! ix. 535-
— III., of France, xv. 17; ix. 535.
IV., D'Outremer, of France, xv.
17; ix. 536; x. 483; xvii. 541.
- V., Le Faineant, of France, xv. 1 7 ;
ix. 536.
VI., Le Gros, of France, xv. 17;
ix. 538.
VII., Le Jeune, of France, xv. 17;
ix. 539; his improvements of Paris,
xvin. 287.
- VIII., Le Lion, of France, XV. 18;
ix. 542.
- IX., St, of France, xv. 18; IX.
542; as crusader, vi. 631; in the East,
L 0 U — L U 0
267
xxm. 162; services rendered by him
to Paris, xvm. 288.
LOUIS X., Le Hutin, of France, XV. 18;
IX. 545.
-XL, of France, XV. 18; IX. 552;
his relations with the Swiss, XXII.
786.
-XII., of France, XV. 18; IX. 554;
his contest with the pope, XX. 324;
his rule in Italy, XIII. 481.
XIII., of France, XV. 18; IX. 566.
XIV., Le Grand, of France, XV.
18; ix. 571; Grand Alliance against,
XXIV. 580; his influence over Charles
II. of England, vm. 349; his schemes
against Germany, X. 502; suppression
of the Huguenots by, XII. 339; his
contests with the emperor Leopold L,
XIV. 466; his relations to the pope-
dom, xix. 506; relations with Spain,
xxn. 335.
XV., of France, XV. 18; IX. 585.
— XVI., of France, XV. 19 ; ix.
593; defence of, by Malesherbes, xv.
333-
XVII., titular king of France, xv.
19.
— XVIII., king of France, xv. 19;
ix. 609, 617, 619; xvii. 223; xxiv.
497-
— , the German, German king, xv.
17; x. 480.
— (of Hungary), king of Poland, xix.
288.
— , duke of Orleans, xvii. 852.
— , St, History of, by Joinville, XIII.
734-
, Pierre C. A., French physician,
xv. 8 1 6.
— NAPOLEON (Napoleon III., q.v.\
emperor of the French, IX. 622; xvii.
226.
— PHILIPPE, king of the French, xv.
19; ix. 620; xvii. 853; government
of, XI. 269; his intervention in Spain,
XXII. 345; his relations with Thiers,
xxm. 303.
— PHILIPPE, duke of Orleans, xvii.
853-
- PHILIPPE JOSEPH, of Orleans,
French Revolutionist, XVII. 853.
LOUISA, queen of Prussia, xv. 19.
LOUISBOURG, town, Cape Breton, v.
40.
LOUISE, of Savoy, mother of Francis L,
ix. 556.
LOUISIANA, State, U.S.A., xv. 20; ac
quisition of, by United States, xxm.
758; French settlements in, IX. 587;
xvii. 403.
LOUISVILLE, town, Kentucky, U.S.A.,
XV. 22; artesian well at, II. 646.
LOULE, town, Portugal, xv. 24.
LOUP, river, Nebraska, U.S.A., xvii.
307-
LOUP-GAROU, were-wolf, xv. 89.
LOURDES, town, France, xv. 24.
LOURENC.O MARQUES (Lorenzo Mar
ques), Portuguese settlement, South-
East Africa, xv. 3.
LOUSAO, Serra da, Portugal, xix. 536.
LOUSE, insect, XV. 24; xill. 153; as
human parasite, XXII. 123.
LOUTH, county, Ireland, xv. 25; popu
lation and representation, xxm. 727.
, town, England, xv. 25.
LouVAlN,town, Belgium, xv. 26; library
of, xiv. 531; university, ill. 520;
xxm. 841.
LOUVIERS, town, France, xv. 26.
LOUVOIS, Marcpiis de, French war
minister, xv. 26; IX. 576; organizer
of French royal army, II. 600.
LOUVRE, in architecture, n. 467.
— , palace at Paris, xvm. 276, 281,
288, 292; picture gallery in, xxi.
445-
| LOVAT, Lord, Scottish Jacobite, XV. 27;
xxi. 526.
LOVE, Plato on, XIX. 200; universal, of
Buddhism, IV. 428; in Christian ethics,
vm. 590.
LOVE-BIRD, XV. 28.
LOVE FEASTS, Early Christian, I. 274;
Methodist, xvi. 188.
LOVE IN A WOOD, Wycherley's play,
xxiv. 705.
LOVEJOY, Elijah P., American aboli
tionist, xxii. 142.
LOVEL THE WIDOWER, Thackeray's
novel, xxm. 216.
LOVELACE, Francis, English governor
of New York, xvii. 455.
— , Richard, English poet, xv. 28.
LOVER, Samuel, Irish novelist, xv. 29.
OF LYING, Lucian's dialogue, xv.
44-
LOVER'S MELANCHOLY, Ford's drama,
ix. 395.
LOVE'S LABOUR 's LOST, Shakespeare's
play, xxi. 763.
LOVES OF THE ANGELS, Moore's poem,
xvi. 807.
LOVES OF CLITOPHON AND LEUCIPPE,
Greek romance, I. 95; XX. 636.
LOVES OF HVSMINE AND HYSMINIAS,
romance, XX. 636.
LOVES OF THE PLANTS, E. Darwin's
poem, vi. 830.
LOVES OF THE TRIANGLES, Canning's,
i. 513; vi. 830.
LOVINO, Bernardin (Bernardino Luini),
Italian painter, xv. 6 1 .
Low ARCHIPELAGO, South Pacific,
xxm. 22, 602.
Low COUNTRIES, or Netherlands, xn.
59-
LOWE, Robert, his banking bill, in.
326.
LOWEITE, mineral, xvi. 402.
LOWELL, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
xv. 29.
— , J. Russell, American writer, I. 724,
727, 728, 733.
LOWENTHAL, J., Hungarian chess-player,
v. 602.
LOWES, Loch of the, Scotland, xxi.
638.
LOWESTOFT, town, England, xv. 30.
Lowicz, town, Russian Poland, xv. 30;
xxiv. 375.
Low LATIN, of Middle Ages, xx. 666.
Low-MoOR IRON-WORKS, Yorkshire,
England, xvn. 558.
LOWTH, Robert, bishop of London, xv.
30.
Low WATER, Tidal, xxm. 369.
LOXA, or Loja, town, Spain, XIV. 809.
LOXODON, genus of ungulate mammals,
xv. 425.
LOXODROMIC MAPS, xv. 518.
LOXOSOMA, genus of Polyzoa, XIX. 438,
439-
LOYALTY ISLANDS, South Pacific, xv.
30, 835; xix. 421.
LOYOLA, Ignatius de, St, founder of the
Jesuits, XV. 3 1 ; Xill. 652; hisrelationa
with Xavier, XXI v. 716.
LOYSON, Hyacinthe (Father Hyacinthe),
xvn. 754.
LOZENGE, confection, vi. 256.
— , in heraldry, XI. 697.
LOZERE, department, France, xv. 31.
, Mount, Cevennes, France, v. 358.
L. s. D., explained, xvn. 655.
Lu, Annals of, Confucius's, VI. 259, 263.
LUALABA, river, Africa, I. 248.
LUANG PRABANG, Shan state, Burmah,
xxi. 773; town, xxi. 853.
LUAPULA, river, Central Africa, xxiv.
763-
Li) BECK, free city, Germany, xv. 31;
xi. 450; organ at, xvn. 837.
— , principality, Germany, xvn. 757.
— , Child of (C. H. Heinecken), xi. 628.
LUBERON, mountains, France, xxiv.
114.
LUBIM, town, Russia, xxiv. 731.
LUBLIN, town, Russian Poland, xv. 34;
diet of (1569), xix. 291; government,
xix. 309.
LUBNAIG, Loch, Scotland, xvin. 666.
LUBNY, town, Russia, xix. 410.
LUBRICANTS, machine oils, xv. 34;
xvm. 242.
LUC, Andre" de, Swiss writer, xxi I. 799.
LUCA (Lucca), ancient town, Italy, xv.
39-
— , Giordano (nicknamed Fa Presto),
Italian painter, x. 606.
DA CORTONA (Signorelli), Italian
painter, xxn. 50.
LUCAN, Marcus Annaeus, Roman poet,
XV. 36; xx. 726; language and style
of, xiv. 337.
LUCANIA, ancient province, Italy, xv.
37-
LUCANIANS, ancient Italian people, xxi.
128, 248.
LUCARIS, Cyril, Greek Church reformer,
xi. 158.
268
L U C — L U N
LUCAS of Leyden, Dutch artist, XV. 38.
of Tuy, Spanish chronicler, xxil.
354-
, Margaret, duchess of Newcastle,
xvn. 380.
DE BURGO (Paciolus), his work on
algebra and arithmetic, i. 512; n. 526.
LUCASTA, Lovelace's poems, xv. 28.
LUCAYAS, or Bahamas, islands, West
Indies, ill. 236.
LUCCA, province, Italy, xxm. 670.
, town, Italy, XV. 38; bridge at, iv.
330; contests with Pisa, xix. 119; its
school of painting, xxi. 433, 442.
, Baths of, Italy, xv. 39; xvi. 433.
LUCE BAY, Wigtown, Scotland, xxiv.
562.
LUCENA, town, Spain, xv. 39.
LUCENTUM (Alicante), ancient town,
Spain, I. 574.
LUCERA, town, Italy, xv. 39.
LUCERES, early Roman tribe, xx. 732.
LUCERIA (Lucera), ancient town, Italy,
xv. 39.
LUCERNARLE, order of Hydrozoa, xn.
556.
LUCERNE, canton, Switzerland, xv.
40; town, xv. 40; xxii. 783.
, Lake of, Switzerland, xv. 41; xiv.
218; xxn. 777.
, plant, I. 378.
LUCETIUS, epithet of Jupiter, xin. 780.
LUCHON, Bagneres de, town, France,
in. 235; mineral water of, xvi. 435.
LUCHSSAPHIR, mineral, xvi. 418.
LUCIA, St, of Syracuse, xv. 41.
LUCIAN, Greek satirist, xv. 42; xxi.
319; his allusions to Jesus Christ, Xlli.
658; as writer of fiction, xx. 633.
, editor of Septuagint and martyr,
XV. 46.
Lucic, Hannibal, Ragusan poet, xxi.
690.
LUCIDOR THE UNFORTUNATE (Lars J.
Humerus), Swedish poet, xn. 356;
xxn. 755.
LUCIFER, bishop of Cagliari, xv. 46.
LUCILIUS, Roman poet and satirist, xv.
46; xx. 718; xxi. 318; his Latinity,
xiv. 332.
LUCIOPERCA, genus of fishes, xvm. 521 ;
xix. 89.
LUCIOTRUTTA, genus of fishes, xxi. 221,
224.
Lucius L, pope, xv. 48.
- II., pope, xv. 48; xx. 792.
III., pope, xv. 48.
, or the Ass, treatise ascribed to
Lucian, xiv. 43.
LUCRE, Gottfried Christian Friedrich,
German theologian, xv. 48.
LUCKENWALDE, town, Prussia, xv. 48.
LUCKIMPOOR (Lakhimpur), district,
India, xiv. 224.
LUCKNOW, district, India, XV. 48; town,
xv. 49; xvm. 72; observatory at,
xvn. 716; siege of (1857), XII. 810.
LUCON (Luzon), island, Philippines,
xvm. 748, 751.
, town, France, XXIV. 138.
LUCRETIA BORGIA, iv. 53; i. 487,
489.
LUCRETIUS (T. Lucretius Cams), Roman
poet, xv. 50; xx. 721; on atoms, in.
37; his Epicurean doctrines, Vin. 476;
on evolution, vm. 757; his language
and style, xiv. 334.
LUCULLITE, mineral, xvi. 397.
LUCULLUS, Lucius Liciiiius, Roman
consul, xv. 55.
LUCUS AUGUSTI (Lugo), ancient town,
Spain, xv. 61.
LUCY, St, of Syracuse, xv. 41.
, M. de, on the flight of birds and
insects, IX. 316.
, Sir Thomas, of Charlecote, Shake
speare's connexion with, xxi. 753.
LUD, Ned, leader of the Luddites, xv.
57-
LUDDITES, English rioters (1811), xv.
57-
LiJDENSCHElD, town, Westphalia, Prus
sia, xxiv. 517.
LUDHIANA, or Ludiana, district, India,
xv. 58; xx. 109; town, xv. 58.
LUDI ROMANI, etc., festivals in honour
of Jupiter, Xlli. 780.
LUDLAMITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
LUDLOW, town, England, xv. 58; xxi.
648.
— , Edmund, Cromwellian general,
xv. 59.
— , Mr, Christian socialist, xxn. 210.
LUDOLF, duke of Saxony, xxi. 352.
, Hiob, German Orientalist, xv. 59.
LUDOVICO (II Moro), duke of Milan,
Xlli. 481.
LUDOVISIO, Alessandro (Pope Gregory
XV.), XI. 178.
LtJDTGE, on liquid films, v. 58.
LUDWIG. See Louis.
- ALOYSIUS, prince of Hohenlohe,
French marshal, XII. 51.
LUDWIGITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
LUDWIGSBURG, town, Wiirtemberg, xv.
59; population, xxiv. 701.
LUDWIGS-CANAL, Bavaria, in. 451.
LUDWIGSHAFEN, suburb of Mannheim,
Germany, xv. 494.
LUDWIGSLIED, German ballad, x. 522.
LUGA, town, Russia, xxi. 190.
LUGAN, mines, Russia, XV. 60.
LUGANO, town, Switzerland, xv. 60;
xxm. 351.
— , Lake of, Switzerland, xv. 60 ;
xxn. 777.
LUGANSK, town, Russia, xv. 60.
LuGANSKY,Kossack(V. I.Dahl), Russian
writer, VI. 762.
LUGDUNUM (Lyons), ancient town,
France, xv. 112.
• BATAVORUM (Leyden), ancient
town, Holland, xiv. 495.
LUGGIE, The, Gray's poem, XI. 76.
LUGNAQUILLA, mountain, Ireland, xin.
215; xxiv. 557,
LUGO, province, Spain, xv. 60; town,
xv. 61.
LUGOS, town, Hungary, xv. 61.
LUGUET, mountain, France, xx. 119.
LUHATSCHOWITZ, spa, Moravia, xvi.
435-
Lu-HlEN, town, China, xxm, 607.
LuiKEN, Jan, Dutch writer, xn. 95.
LUINI, Bernardino, Italian painter, xv.
61.
LUINO, town, Italy, xv. 198.
Luis, king of Portugal, xix. 554.
DE LEON, Spanish poet and moral
ist, xiv. 455; xxii. 357, 360.
LUKE, St, the Evangelist, xv. 62; author
of Acts of the Apostles, I. 123.
— , Gospel of, x. 789.
of Prague, leader of the Bohemian
Brethren, xvi. Sn.
-, Sir Samuel, Samuel Butler's con
nexion with, IV.
Lu-KlANG, river, Tibet, xxm. 341.
LUKIN, Lionel, inventor of the lifeboat,
Xiv. 571.
LUKOW, or Lukoff, town, Russian
Poland, xv. 63; xxn. 37.
LUKOYANOFF, town, Russia, xv. 63;
XVII. 501.
LUKUGA, river, Tanganyika, Africa,
xxm. 45.
LULEA ELF, river, Sweden, xxn. 736.
LULLI, or Lully, Giovanni Battista,
musician, xv. 63; xvn. 87.
LULLITPOOR, district, India, xiv. 225.
LULLY, Giovanni Battista, musician,
xv. 63; xvn. 87.
— , Raymond, Spanish devotee, xv.
63; on mnemonics, XVI. 532; his
poems, xxn. 363, 364.
LULONGO, affluent of the Congo, Africa,
xxiv. 764.
LUMACHELLA, or Lumachcllo, variety
of marble, xv. 529; xvi. 397.
LUMBAGO, disease, xv. 65.
LUMBAR VERTEBR/E, Anatomy of tin-,
i. 821.
LUMBER, ix. 404; sawing of, xxi. 345:
trade in Canada, IV. 774; in Michigan,
XVI. 238; of U.S.A., xxm. 81 1.
LUMBRICOID, parasitic worm, xxiv.
205.
LUMBRICUS, genus of worms, xxiv.
678.
LUMINOSITY, of flame, ix. 282; of in
sects, xin. 143.
LUMINOUS PAINT, xiv. 603.
LUMP-FISH, xv. 65.
LUMP-SUCKER, fish, XV. 65; XII. 690.
LUNA, Alvaro de, constable of Castile,
XXII. 321.
, Peter de (Pope Benedict Xlli.),
III. 558.
LUNACY, xin. 95; law relating to, xin.
in.
LUNAR ABERRATION, xvn. 260.
L U N — L Y N
269
LUNAR CAUSTIC, or Nitrate of Silver,
xxii. 71.
LUNAR CYCLE, iv. 670.
LUNARDI, Vincent, aeronaut, I. 190.
LUNAR NUTATION, xvn. 260.
LUNAR PARALLAX, xvm. 252.
LUNAR TABLES, Mayer's, xv. 649.
LUNAR THEORY, xvi. 798.
LUNAR TIDES, xxnr. 353, 356, 365,
368; schedule of, xxill. 365.
LUNAR YEAR, iv. 668.
LUNAR ZODIAC, xxiv. 793.
LUNAR ZODIACAL LIGHT, xxiv. 797.
LUNATIC ASYLUMS, xm. no; pauper,
xix. 477.
LUND, town, Sweden, xv. 65; observa
tory at, xvn. 714; university, xxill.
850.
LUNDY, Benjamin, American abolitionist,
XXII. 142.
LiiNEBURG, town, Prussia, xv. 65.
LUNEBURGITE, mineral, XVI. 408.
LUNENBURG, town, Nova Scotia, xvn.
603.
LUNETTE, in fortification, ix. 437.
LUNEVILLE, town, France, xv. 66; peace
of, in. 132; ix. 613; treaty of (1801),
XVII. 202.
LUNG-PLAGUE, cattle disease, xvn. 60.
LUNGS, xx. 475; in relation to blood
circulation, xxiv. 102, 108; congestion
of, xvin. 395; emphysema in, VIII.
1 80 ; inflammation of, xix. 249 ;
tubercle in (phthisis), xvin. 855; of
birds, ill. 727; of mammals, XV. 365.
LUNNITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
LUPERCALIA, Roman festival, xv. 66;
vm. 835.
LUPI/E (Lecce), town, Italy, xiv. 397.
LUPINE, plant, xv. 66.
LUPUL, Vasilje, voivode of Moldavia,
xxi. 19.
LUPULINA, vegetable alkaloid, xvn. 231.
LUPUS, skin disease, xvin. 406; xxn.
121.
LUQUE, town, Paraguay, xvin. 244.
LURAY CAVERN, Virginia, U.S.A., xv.
67.
LURE, town, France, XXI. 301.
LURGAN, town, Ireland, xv. 68.
LURI, people, Persia, xv. 68.
LURIA, or Lurye, Shelomoth, Jewish
rabbi, xx. 473.
LURISTAN, province, Persia, XV. 68.
LUSATIA, district, Germany, xv. 69.
LUSATIAN-WENDISH LANGUAGE, XXII.
153-
LUSHAI HILLS, district, India, xv. 69.
LUSIAD, Camoens's poem, iv. 749 ;
Mickle's translation of, xvi. 242.
LUSITANIA, Roman province in Spain,
xix. 539; xxn. 307.
LUSTRATION, Greek and Roman rite,
xv. 69.
LUSTRE, of crystals, xvi. 372.
LUSTRED WARE, pottery, xix. 620.
LUTE, musical instrument, xv. 70.
LUTETIA (Paris), ancient town, France,
xvin. 286.
LUTEVA (Lodeve), ancient town, France,
xiv. 767.
LUTF ALI KHAN, Persian ruler, xvin.
645.
LUTHER, Martin, German Reformer, xv.
71; x. 497; xx. 325; on the canon,
v. 14; his influence on the Church of
England, vin. 374 ; his Colloquia
Mensalia, I. 785; hymns by, xn. 585;
his influence on literature, x. 528; his
relations with Carlstadt, v. 113; with
Melanchthon, xv. 833; with Spalatin,
xxii. 366.
LUTHERAN CHURCH, xv. 84; Pietism
in, XIX. 83; service of, Xiv. 712.
LUTHERANS, xv. 84.
LUTHER MUSEUM, Wittenberg, Ger
many, xxiv. 625.
LUTKE, Feodor Petrovich, Russian
Arctic explorer, XIX. 319.
LUTON, town, England, xv. 86; 111.483;
straw-plaiting at, xxn. 593.
Hoo, mansion, Bedfordshire, Eng
land, Library of, in. 483.
LUTRA, genus of carnivorous mammals,
xvin. 69; xv. 439.
LUTREOLA, subgenus of carnivorous
mammals, xvi. 474.
LUTRIN^E, subfamily of carnivorous
mammals, XV. 439.
Lu-TSE-KlANG, river, Tibet, XXIII. 339,
34i-
LUTSIN, town, Russia, xxiv. 262.
LUTTERNBURG, Prussia, Battle of (1762),
in. 129.
LuTZELBURG, or Luxemburg (</.r.),
town, xv. 88.
LiJTZEN, Prussia, Battle of (1632), III.
125; xxiv. 329; battleof (1813), xvn.
219.
LUTZK, town, Russia, xv. 86.
Luvu, kingdom, Celebes, v. 289.
LUXEMBOURG, Due de, marshal of
France, xv. 86.
LUXEMBURG, grand-duchy, Europe,
xv. 87; town, xv. 88.
— , province, Belgium, xv. 88.
LUXEUIL, town, France, XXI. 301; mon
astery of, vi. 167; xvi. 707.
LUXOR, town, Egypt, xv. 89; temple
of, vii. 776.
LUXULLIANITE, rock, XL 49; xix.
521.
LUXURY, Laws against, xxn. 644.
LUYNES, Count of, favourite of Louis
XIII., ix. 567.
LUZAN, Ignacio de, Spanish writer, XXII.
360.
LuzERN (Lucerne), canton and town,
Switzerland, xv. 40.
LUZON, island, Philippines, XVIII. 748,
751-
LUZONITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
LUZZATI (Luigi), Italian economist,
xix. 394.
Luzzo, Pietro (Morto da Feltre), Italian
painter, IX. 69.
LYC^JUS, mountain, Arcadia, Greece,
xvn. 770.
LYCANTHROPY, belief in animal trans
formation, xv. 89; xxi. 135.
LYCAON, mythical king of Arcadia, xv.
92.
, genus of carnivorous mammals,
xv. 439.
LYCAONIA, province, Asia Minor, xv.
92.
LYCEIUM, temple, ancient Athens, in.
2.
LYCHNEUS, or Lychnites, Parian marble,
xv. 528; xvin. 319.
LYCHNOKAIE, Egyptian lamp festival,
xiv. 247.
LYCIA, district, Asia Minor, xv. 92;
coins of, xvn. 648.
LYCIAN MARBLES, in British Museum,
ix. 67.
LYCIDAS, Milton's poem, xvi. 326.
LYCODONTID^, family of snakes, xxn.
193, 195-
LYCOPHRON, Greek poet, xv. 94 ; i.
499.
LYCOPODIACE.E, order of plants, ix.
106; xv. 94; xxiv. 129.
LYCOPODIUM, genus of mosses, xv. 94.
LYCORTAS, leader of Achaean League,
xix. 411.
LYCOSA, genus of spiders, xxi 1 1. 60.
LYCURGUS, Attic orator, xv. 97.
— , Athenian ruler, xix. 130.
-, Spartan lawgiver, XV. 95; xi.
93; laws of, xxn. 370.
I.YCUS, river, Asia Minor, xix. 459.
LVDENBURG, Transvaal, Gold diggings
at, xxin. 518.
LVDGATE, John, English monk and
poet, XV. 97; VI 1 1. 412.
LYDIA, district, Asia Minor, xv. 98;
coins of, xvn. 645, 648; wars with
Persia, xvin. 563, 565.
LYDIAN STONE, mineral, xvi. 389.
LYDUS, king of Lydia, xv. 98.
LYELL, Sir Charles, British geologist,
xv. 101.
LYGDAMUS, Latin poems of, xxin. 350.
LYING-IN HOSPITALS, xn. 302.
LYLY, or Lylie, John, English writer
and dramatist, xv. 103; vn. 429;
vin. 421; xx. 660.
LYMINGTON, town, England, xv. 105.
LYMPH, fluid in vascular system, I. 846,
906.
LYMPHATIC GLANDS, Cancer in, xvin.
382.
LYMPHATICS, Anatomy of, i. 906.
LYMPHATIC VESSELS, of mammals, xv.
364; in man, I. 907.
LYMPH-SCROTUM, disease, xvin. 270.
LYNAKER (Linacre), Thomas, English
humanist and physician, xiv. 652.
LYNCESTIS, Plain of, Macedonia, xv.
136.
270
L Y N — M A C
LYNCH, Madame, Irish adventuress in
Paraguay, xv. 2.
LYNCHBURG, town, Virginia, U.S.A.,
xv. 105.
LYNCH LAW, xv. 105.
LYNCURIUM, precious stone, xin. 532.
LYNDHURST, Lord, lord chancellor of
England, xv. 106.
LYNDSAY, Sir David, early Scottish
writer, xv. 106; vill. 415.
, Robert, of Pitscottie, Scottish
chronicler, XXI. 542.
LYNE, town, England, xvn. 380.
LYNN, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., xv.
109.
— REGIS, town, England, xv. 109.
LYNX, carnivorous mammal, xv. 109,
435; skins of, IX. 838.
LYON, Emma (Lady Hamilton), friend
of Nelson, XI. 421.
, John, founder of Harrow School,
England, XI. 495.
LYON-KING-AT-ARMS, in Scotland, XL
688.
LYONNET, P., Dutch naturalist, xxiv.
806.
LYONS, town, France, xv. no; Ecole
Martiniere at, XXin. 108; libraries,
xiv. 526, 545; observatory, xvn. 712;
silk manufacture of, xxil. 65.
, Lord, British admiral, xv. 113.
LYRA, Nicolaus cle, mediaeval com
mentator, xv. 113.
LYRAIDS, meteors, xvi. in.
LYRA INNOCENTIUM, Keble's, xiv. 26.
LYRE, musical instrument, xv. 113;
xxiv. 242; Greek names of the strings,
xvu. 78.
LYRE-BIRD, xv. 115.
LYRIC POETRY, xix. 264; of the Alex
andrian school, I. 499; of Greece, xi.
139-
LYRIE, bird, xxi. 781.
LYSANDER, Lacedaemonian leader, xv.
117; xvin. 576.
LYSIAS, Attic orator, xv. 117; compared
with Isseus, XIII. 376.
— , regent of Syria, Xlll. 422.
LYSICRATES, Monument of, at Athens,
11.407, 411.
LYSILOMA, genus of trees, xxi. 128.
LYSIMACHUS, Macedonian king, xv.
119, 142; xvm. 527; fortifier of
Smyrna, XXII. 186.
— , tutor of Alexander, I. 480.
LYSIPPUS, Greek sculptor, xv. 120; n.
361.
LYSIS, dialogue of Plato, xix. 196.
LYSISTRATA, Aristophanes's play, n. 509.
LYSSACINA, order of sponges, xxn. 422.
LYSTRA, town, Asia Minor, xv. 92.
LYTE, Henry Francis, hymn-writer, xv.
1 20.
LYTHE, fish, xix. 402.
LYTTELTON, Lord, English statesman
and man of letters, xv. 121; his con
nexion with Fielding, IX. 142.
LYTTON, Edward Bulwer, Lord, English
writer, xv. 121.
— , Earl, governor-general of India,
xn. 811.
LYWARCH, Cumbrian bard and king, n.
650.
TV/T the thirteenth letter of the alpha-
•'•*•*• > bet, xv. 124.
MAALSTRCEV, Norwegian literary move
ment, xvu. 591.
MAAS, or Meuse, river, France, Belgium,
and Holland, xvi. 205; ill. 515; xil.
63; XX. 519; improvement works in,
XX. 579; at Rotterdam, xxi. 9.
MAASARAH, quarries, Egypt, vn. 773.
MAASTRICHT, or Maestricht, town,
Holland, xv. 195; ix. 577.
MABA, genus of trees, xxi. 317.
MABILLON, Jean, French historian, xv.
124.
MABINOGION, "Welsh romances, v. 321;
viii. 408.
MABLY, Gabriel Boiinot de, French his
torian, ix. 667.
MABRIAN, romance, XX. 653.
MABUSE, Jan Gossart, Flemish painter,
x. 843.
MAC, in Gaelic names, v. 799.
MACABI, islets, Peru, xvin. 671.
MACACUS, genus of apes, n. 151.
MACADAM, John London, on road-
making, xx. 582.
MACALPINE, Kenneth, Pictish king,
xvu. 570; xxi. 477.
MACAO, Portuguese settlement, China,
xv. 124.
MACAQUE, ape, n. 152.
MACARONI, article of food, xv. 125.
— , bird, xvm. 492.
MACARONIC POEMS, Folengo's, ix. 355.
MACARTHUR, Captain, early settler in
New South Wales, xvu. 41 1.
MACARTHY'S ISLAND, West Africa, x.
59-
MACARTNEY, Earl of, English diploma
tist, xv. 125; his embassy to China,
v. 651.
MACASSAR, department, Celebes, v. 288.
MACATURING, volcano, Philippine
Islands, xvm. 749.
MACAULAY, Lord, English essayist and
historian, xv. 125; on Junius, xin.
776; on Penn, xvm. 496.
MACAW, bird, xv. 130.
MACAYO (Maceio), town, Brazil, xv.
145.
MACBETH, king of Scotland, xv. 130;
xxi. 480.
— , Shakespeare's play, xxi. 764.
MACCABEUS, Judas, Jewish leader,
xin. 422; xv. 130.
MACCABEES, Jewish family, xv. 130;
Jerusalem under the, xin. 641; coins
of, xvu. 650.
— , Books of, xv. 131; n. 181.
M'CARTHY, Sir Charles, governor, Cape
Coast, Africa, n. 68 1.
MACCARTHY, Dermot, Irish chief, xiv.
52.
MACCAW, or Macaw, bird, xv. 130.
M'CLELLAN, George B., American gen
eral, xxili. 775, 789; his presidential
contest with Lincoln, xiv. 662.
MACCLESFIELD, town, England, xv.
131-
M'CLINTOCK, Sir Leopold, Arctic ex
plorer, xix. 321; his search fur Frank
lin, ix. 721.
M'CLUER INLET, New Guinea, xvu.
386.
M'CLURE, Sir Robert John Le Mesurier,
Arctic explorer, xv. 132; xix. 321.
M'CRIE, Thomas, Scottish religious
historian, xv. 132.
MACCULLAGH, James, Irish mathema
tician, xv. 133.
MACCULLOCH, Horatio, Scottish painter,
xv. 133.
, John, Scottish geologist, xv. 1 33.
M'CULLOCH, John Ramsay, Scottish
political economist, xv. 134; xix.
377-
MACDONALD, Etiennc Jacques Joseph
Alexandre, French marshal, xv. 135.
— , Flora, Scottish Jacobite, v. 427;
xv. 135.
— , Col. Jt II. A., on military drill,
xxiv. 355.
-, Lawrence, Scottish sculptor, xv.
136.
MACDONNEL, A., British chess-player,
v. 60 1.
M'ACDONOUGH, Thomas, American
naval officer, xxm. 760.
MACDUFF, town, Scotland, in. 311.
MACE, spice, xvu. 666; oil from, xvu.
744-
, Thomas, on psalm-singing, xn.
591.
MACEDO, Jose A., Portuguese poet, xix.
557-
MACEDONIA, country, Europe, xv. 136;
XL 103; under Alexander, I. 480;
under Demetrius I.-IL, vn. 57, 58;
conquest of, by Rome, xx. 753; St
Paul in, xvin. 419; army of, n. 561;
coins, XVII. 640 ; modern, opium
culture in, xvn. 789.
MACEDONIAN EMPIRE, xv. 138; xvin.
582.
MACEDONICUS, Quintus Ca;cilius Metel-
lus, Roman praetor, xvi. 106.
MACEDONIUS, patriarch of Constanti
nople, xv. 145.
MACEIO, town, Brazil, xv. 145.
MACELLARIUS, Leo I., emperor of the
East, xiv. 452.
MACENE, volatile oil in mace, xvn.
666.
MACERATA, town, Italy, xv. 145.
MACERATION, of perfumes, xvin.
526.
M A 0 — M A D
271
MACESTUS, river, Asia Minor, II. 707;
xvni. 853.
MACFARQUHAR, Colin, projector of ist
edition of Encyclopedia Britannica,
VIII. 200.
MACFERGUS, Angus, Pictish king, xvn.
570; xxi. 476.
MACFLECKNOE (Thomas Shadwell),
satirized by Dryden, xxi. 727.
M'GiLL, James, founder of a college at
Montreal, XVI. 794.
MACGILLICUDDY REEKS, mountains,
Ireland, xill. 215.
MACGILLIVRAY, William, Scottish
naturalist, XV. 145; on American
birds, xvni. 11, 24.
M'GRATH, John, Irish chronicler, V. 309.
MACGREGOR, Robert (Rob Roy),
Scottish outlaw, XX. 608.
MACH;EROPTERUS, genus of birds, xv.
455-
MACHANIDAS, tyrant of Sparta, xvni.
790.
MACHETES, genus of birds, xxi. 54.
MACHIAVELLI, Bernardo, Italian
jurist, xv. 146.
, Niccolo, Italian politician and
moralist, xv. 146; as dramatist, vn.
418; as historian, xill. 509.
MACHICOLATIONS, in architecture, n.
467; v. 198.
MACHIM, Robert, his landing at Madeira,
xv. 177.
MACHINERY, influence of its use on
wages, xxiv. 312.
MACHINES, Theory of, xv. 752; purposes
and effects of, XV. 771.
MACHINE TOOLS, xv. 152.
MACHPELAH, Cave of, Palestine, XL 608.
MACIEJOWICE, Poland, Battle of (1794),
xxiv. 376.
MACINTOSH CLOTH, xn. 842.
MACK, Alexander, founder of the Dun-
kers, vn. 543.
M'KAIL, Hugh, Scottish Covenanter,
xxi. 516.
MACKENZIE, Sir Alexander, Canadian
explorer, xv. 157; 3lix. 318.
, Sir George (the Bloody Mackenzie),
Scottish lawyer, xv. 158.
-, Henry, Scottish writer, xv. 158.
MACKEREL, fish, xv. 159; fishery, ix.
253-
MACKIE, Alexander, his type-setting
machine, XXIII. 701.
MACKINTOSH, Sir James, Scottish pub
licist, xv. 1 60.
MACLAREN, Charles, editor of Encyclo
paedia Britannica, 6th edition, vill.
202.
MACLAURIN, Colin, Scottish mathema
tician, xv. 161.
MACLEAN, Mrs (Letitia Elisabeth Lan-
don), English poetess, Xiv. 278.
MACLEAR, Sir Thomas, his measurement
of arc of meridian, vn. 599; observa
tions on stellar parallax, xvm. 253.
MACLEAY, William Sharpe, on birds,
xvm. 15.
M'LENNAN, John Ferguson, Scottish
anthropologist, XV. 162.
MACLEOD, Norman, Scottish divine, xv.
163-
MACLISE, Daniel, Irish painter, xv.
164.
MACLURE, William, American geologist,
xv. 165.
MACMAHON, Marie E. P. M., president
of the French republic, IX. 627, 628;
as governor of Algeria, I. 569.
MACMURROUGH, Dermod, king of
Leinster, Xill. 258.
M'MURROUGH KAVANAGH, Irish chief
tain, xni. 262.
MACNAGHTEN, Sir William, Murder of,
i. 240.
M'NAUGHT, Mr, his improvements on
the steam-engine, xxn. 477, 490.
MACNEE, Sir Daniel, Scottish painter,
xv. 165.
MACNEILL, Hector, Scottish poet, xv.
165.
M'NEILL, Sir John, British envoy to
Persia, xvni. 650.
MACON, town, France, xv. 166; XXI.
302; wine of, xxiv. 606.
MACON, town, Georgia, U.S.A., xv.
1 66.
MACONNAIS, district, France, xxi. 301.
MACONOCHIE, Captain, on prison dis
cipline, xix. 754.
MACPHERSON, Charles, on the irrigation
of meadows, I. 374.
— • — , James, translator of Ossian, xv.
1 66; v. 331; ix. 75; x. 13.
MACQUARIE, Governor, on convict settle
ments, xix. 750.
— , Lake, New South Wales, xvn.
408; river, ill. 107.
MACRAUCHENID/E, family of ungulate
mammals, xv. 428.
MACREADY, William Charles, English
tragedian, xv. 167.
MACRI, Gulf of, Asia Minor, xv. 93.
MACROBIUS, Ambrosius Theodosius,
Roman grammarian, xv. 167; his
place in Roman literature, XX. 726.
MACROCYSTIS, genus of sea-weeds, i.
509.
MACRODOME, in crystallography, xvi.
360.
MACROGLOSSUS, genus of bats, xv.
410.
MACRONYX, genus of birds, xix. 112.
MACROPODID^E, family of marsupial
mammals, xill. 838; xv. 382.
MACROPUS, genus of marsupial
mammals, Xill. 838.
M ACROSCELID^., family of insectivorous
mammals, XV. 402.
MACROSPORES, in plant development,
xx. 424.
M'SWINEY'S GUN, cave perforation,
Ireland, VII. 363.
MACTRA, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
691.
MACULLA (Makalla), town, Arabia, xv.
3ii-
MADADKATTE, dam of Cauvery river,
India, xiv. 19.
MADAGASCAR, island, Indian Ocean, xv.
168; I. 272; birds of, ill. 731, 760;
dictionaries of language, vn. 192 ;
reptiles, xx. 468; slavery in, xxn.
144; Ellis's mission to, vm. 150.
-, History of, Flacourt's, IX. 275.
MADAINI, Arab historian, xxm. 3.
MADALON, mountain, North Borneo,
xxi. 123.
MADALONUM (Maddaloni), ancient
town, Italy, xv. 176.
MADAME, island, Nova Scotia, xvn.
601.
MADDALONI, town, Italy, xv. 176.
, Duke of, in Masaniello's revolt,
xv. 607.
MADDEN, Sir Frederic, English palaeo
grapher, xv. 176.
MADDER, dye, xv. 176; iv. 687; colour
ing matter from, I. 577.
MADEIRA, islands, Atlantic, xv. 177;
I. 272; wine of, XV. 178; xxiv. 609;
adulteration of wine of, I. 173.
MADELEY, town, England, xxi. 848.
MADERNA, Carlo, Italian architect, xx.
836.
— , Stefano, Italian sculptor, xxi.
570.
MADHUBANI, town, India, xxin. 407.
MADI, Central-African tribes, XVII.
473-
MADIANA (Martinique), island, West
Indies, xv. 586.
MADIA OIL, xvn. 744, 746.
MADISON, town, Indiana, U.S.A., xv.
181.
— , town, Wisconsin, U.S.A., xv. 181;
population, xxiv. 617.
, river, Wyoming, U.S.A., XXIV.
737-
, James, president of United States,
xv. 182; xxm. 748, 752, 759.
MADNESS, mental disease, xin. 95;
attributed to demoniacal possession,
vii. 61.
MADONIE, mountains, Sicily, xxn. 29.
MAD PARLIAMENT, The (1258), XL 659.
MADRAS, presidency, British India, xv.
184; army of, II. 590.
— , town, India, XV. 187; rise of, XII.
799; observatory at, xvil. 716; uni
versity, xxm. 856.
COLLEGE, St Andrews, Scotland,
xxi. 158.
MADRASI, silkworm, xxn. 60.
MADRE DE BIOS ARCHIPELAGO, Pata
gonia, xvm. 352.
MADRID, capital of Spain, xv. 189;
royal academy at, I. 75; library, xiv.
532, 549; newspapers, XVIL 431; ob
servatory, xvn. 713; picture gallery,
272
M A D — M A G
XXI. 446; Rubens's works at, XXI. 41 ;
university, XXIII. 851; collection of
Velazquez's pictures at, xxiv. 133;
treaty of (1526), ix. 556.
MADRID, province, Spain, xv. 189.
MADRIGAL, in music, xv. 192; x. 677;
xvii. 84.
MADRONA, tree of Pacific coast, U.S.A.,
xxm. 8 10.
MADURA, district, India, xv. 192.
— , town, India, xv. 193; siege of
(1763-4), XX. 398 ; palace of, II.
396.
-, island, Indian Archipelago, xv.
193; xn. 818; xni. 600; language of,
xiii. 607.
MEANDER, river, Asia Minor, II. 708;
xvm. 853.
MAECENAS, C. Cilnius, Roman patron of
literature, xv. 194.
MAELMAEDOG UA MORGAIR (St Mal-
acliy), archbishop of Armagh, xv. 315.
MAELZEL'S METRONOME, xvi. 198.
M/ENADS, Greek worshippers of Bacchus,
xvn. 839.
MAENHlRS,or Menhirs, rude stone monu
ments, II. 383; xxi. 51; at Carnac, v.
118.
M^EONIA, ancient town, Asia Minor,
xv. 98.
MAERLANT, Jakob van, Dutch wrriter,
xii. 90.
MAESE, or Meuse (Maas, q.v.), river,
France and Netherlands, xvi. 205.
MAESTLIN, Michael, German scholar,
xiv. 45.
MAESTRICHT, town, Holland, xv. 195;
siege of (1673), ix. 577.
MAFFEI, Francesco Scipione, Italian
writer, XV. 196; vn. 417.
, Raphael, his Commentarii Urbani,
vin. 193.
MAFIA, island, Zanzibar, Africa, xxiv.
768.
MAFOR, Papuan language, xvm. 231.
MAFRA, town, Portugal, xv. 196.
MAFU, town, Senegal, Africa, XXI.
660.
MAGADHA, kingdom, India, in. 508;
xn. 787.
MAGADIS, Greek musical instrument,
xvii. 79.
MAGALHAES, or Magellan (q.v.\ Ferniio
de, Portuguese navigator, xv. 197.
MAGALLANES, province, Chili, v. 617.
MAGARS, Nepalese race, xvn. 341.
MAGATI, Caesar, Italian surgeon, xxil.
676.
MAGAZINES, periodical literature, xvm.
536.
MAGDALA, stronghold, Abyssinia, xv.
196; I. 67.
— , Palestine, Site of, X. 30.
MAGDALENA, island, Chilian Patagonia,
xvm. 352.
, river, Colombia, South America,
vi. 153.
MAGDALEN COLLEGE, Oxford, XVIIL
97-
MAGDALENE COLLEGE, Cambridge, iv.
731;
MAGDALEN ISLANDS, Canada, xx. 165.
MAGDEBURG, duchy, Germany, xxi.
359-
, town, Prussia, XV. 196; XX. 16;
xxi. 360; organ in cathedral, XVII.
836; cathedral sculptures, xxi. 564,
565.
MAGELLAN, Ferdinand, Portuguese
navigator, xv. 197; xvm. 115; his
discoveries, 11.489; x. 182.
STRAIT, South America, xv. 198;
xvm. 116, 352; xxm. 383; discovered
by Magellan, II. 489; Drake's expedi
tion through, VII. 390.
MAGENTA, dye, n. 48.
-, Italy, Battle of (1859), in. 138; ix.
624; xiii. 490; xvn. 228.
MAGGIORE, Lago, lake, Italy and Swit
zerland, XV. 198; xiii. 440; xiv. 218;
xxn. 777; islands in, iv. 64.
MAGHIANA, town, India, xv. 198.
MAGHIL, town, Turkey in Asia, iv.
577-
MAGI, Persian priests, xv. 199; xvm.
564; xxiv. 820; visit of, to Bethlehem,
XIII. 660.
MAGIC, xv. 199; among prehistoric races,
vill. 623; punishment for practising,
xxiv. 619; in Lapland, xiv. 307;
John Napier's belief in, xvn. 183;
Virgil's reputation for, in the Middle
Ages, XX. 641.
— , White, xv. 207; xiv. 415.
— LANTERN, xv. 211.
— MIRRORS, xvi. 501.
— SQUARE, xv. 213.
MAGISTER SENTENTIARUM (Peter
Lombard, q.v.), mediaeval theologian,
xiv. 813.
MAGISTRACY, Roman, xx. 738, 771.
MAGISTRATE, administrative oflicer, xv.
216; xiii. 762, 789.
MAGLIABECHI, Antonio, Italian biblio
phile, xv. 217; xiv. 530, 548.
MAGNA CHARTA, of England, v. 432;
vin. 306, 308; xni. 714; signing of,
xiv. 287; its effect on parliament,
xvm. 304.
MAGNA GR^CIA, district, ancient Italy,
xi. 30, 95.
MAGNANERIE, silkworm house, xxn.
58.
MAGNECRYSTALLIC ACTION, xv. 264.
MAGNENTIUS, Hrabanus Maurus, xn.
326; vin. 191.
MAGNESIA, mineral, xv. 218 ; as
manure, XV. 509.
— AD MvEANDRUM, town, Ionia, Asia
Minor, XV. 217.
— AD SlPYLUM, town, Lydia, Asia
Minor, XV. 217, 98, 490; xxi 1 1. 48;
battle of (190 B.C.), XX. 753.
MAGNESIO-FERRITE, mineral, xvi. 386.
MAGNESITE, mineral, xv. 217; xvi.
397-
MAGNESIUM, chemical element, xv.
217; v. 526; as plant food, xix. 49;
spectrum of, xxn. 376,
MAGNET, or Loadstone, xv. 219, 274; in
mariner's compass, vi. 225; vibrations
of, at various heights, I. 199.
MAGNETIC CARBIDE, filtering medium,
ix. i 68.
MAGNETIC IRON ORE, xni. 287; xv.
219, 274.
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITIES, Table of,
xv. 267.
MAGNETISM, xv. 219; xix. 3; in rela
tion to the aurora, in. 95; effect of, on
the compass, VI. 225; in relation to
electricity, I. 749; vin. 10, 66; in iron,
xni. 278; mechanical power of, xv.
773; in minerals, xvi. 376; as supposed
basis for perpetual motion, xvin. 555;
contributions to the science by /Epi-
nus, i. 183; by Arago, n. 303; by
Gauss, x. 116; by Gay-Lussac, x. 122;
by Gilbert, X. 592; by Henry, XL
675; by J. T. Mayer, XV. 649; by
PI ticker, Xix. 229; by Sabine, xxi.
128.
— , Animal, xv. 277.
— , Terrestrial, xvi. 159; J. T. Mayer's
papers on, XV. 649.
MAGNETITE, mineral, xvi. 386.
MAGNETOGRAPHS, Self-recording, xvi.
161.
MAGNETOMETER, Differential, xvi. 161 ;
unifilar, XV. 238.
MAGNIFYING POWER, in optics, xxiv.
424; of microscope, xvi. 270.
MAGNITUDES, Measurement of, xv.
660; xvi. 13.
, Incommensurable, Discovery of,
xx. 141.
MAGNOLIA, tree, xv. 283; in U.S.A.,
xxm. 808.
MAGNOLITE, mineral, xvi. 403.
MAGNON, Jean de, his Science Univcr
selle, vin. 194.
MAGNUS, king of Sweden, XXII.
745-
, Heinrich Gustav, German chemist,
xv. 283.
— , Olaus and Johannes, Swedish
ecclesiastics, xvn. 752.
BAREFOOT, Norwegian king, xvn.
587.
- CLEMENS MAXIMUS, Roman em
peror, xv. 645.
— ERICSSON, king of Sweden, xxn.
746.
— LAGAB^ETR, Norwegian king, xvn.
588.
MAGNUS'S GREEN SALT, xix. 192.
MAGNUSSON, Ami, Icelandic scholar,
xv. 284; xii. 626.
MAGNY, Olivier de, French poet, ix.
651.
MAGO, king of Carthage, v. 160.
M A G — M A I
273
MAGO, Carthaginian general, xv. 284;
v. 161.
MAGOG, of Scripture, x. 738; xm.
593-
MAGPIE, bird, xv. 284; blue, of Spain,
xxii. 297; hunting of, with hawks,
IX. 10.
MAGRA, river, Italy, xm. 437.
MAGYAR LANGUAGE, xn. 374; xxiv.
2.
MAGYAR LITERATURE, xn. 375.
MAGYARS, people of Hungary, xn. 365,
367 ; their invasion of Germany, x.
481, 482, 484; in Italy, xm. 468.
MAHABALESHWAR, station, India, xv.
285.
MAHABHARATA, Sanskrit epic, xxi.
281; vii. 396.
MAHANADI, or Mahanuddy, river, India,
xv. 285; in. 671; v. 243.
MAHANANDA, river, India, xv. 327.
MAHANOY CITY, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xv. 285.
MAHANUDDY, river, India, xv. 285; in.
671; v. 243.
MAHARAJA, Indian title, xn. 796.
MAHARSHAL, Jewish rabbi, xx. 473.
MAHASEER, fish, xv. 285.
MAHAVANSA, Pali chronicle, xvm. 184.
MAHAVELI-GANGA, river, Ceylon, v.
360.
MAHA-VIRA, leader of the Jains, India,
xm. 543.
MAHAZOR, or Mahzor, Jewish cycle
and liturgy, xv. 292.
MAHDI, Mohammedan deliverer or
messiah, xv. 285; xxii. 666.
(Mohammed E. Mansur), caliph,
xvi. 580.
MAHDIYA, town, Tunis, xxin. 620.
MAKE, French settlement, India, xv.
285; xxi. 725.
DE LABOURDONNAIS, French
governor, Mauritius, xv. 641.
MAHEE COUNTRY, Dahomey, Africa,
vi. 765-
MAHEL BALEVEL, affluent of Niger,
Africa, xvn. 497.
MAHI, river, India, xx. 260.
- KANTHA, states, India, xv. 286.
MAHILLON, Victor, writer on musical
instruments, xix. 72.
MAHL-STICK, painter's implement,
xvm. 137.
MAHMOUDIEH (or MAHMOODEEYEH)
CANAL, Egypt, vn. 709; i. 495.
MAHMUD I., Turkish sultan, xxni.
647.
— ^— II., Turkish sultan, xxin. 648.
of Ghazni, conqueror of India, XV.
286; I. 239; xii. 792; tower of, at
Ghazni, x. 560; his treatment of Fir-
dousi, IX. 225.
, the Afghan, Invasion of Persia by,
xvm. 640.
PASHA, Turkish minister, xxin.
652.
MAHOGANY, tree, xv. 288; ix. 406;
strength of, XXII. 603.
MAHOMET, or Mohammed (q.v.), founder
of Islam, xvi. 545.
AND HIS SUCCESSORS, Irving's
work, xm. 373.
MAHOMETANISM, or Mohammedanism
(q.v.\ religion of Mohammed, xvi. 545.
MAHOMMED B. MUSA, his treatise on
algebra, I. 512.
MAHON, or Port Mahon, town, Minorca,
xix. 531.
MAHONY, Francis, Irish song-writer,
xv. 288.
MAHRAH, district, Arabia, n. 254.
MAHRATTAS, race of people, India, xv.
288; rise of, xn. 795, 804; of Berar,
ill. 583; war against, XI. 513, 517;
Wellington's part in it, xxiv. 494;
Elphinstone's policy towards them,
vill. 153.
MAHREN (Moravia, q.v.), xvi. 810.
MAHSEER, or Mahaseer, fish, xv. 285.
MAHWA BUTTER, vegetable fat, xvn.
744, 747-
MAHZOR, Jewish cycle and liturgy, xv.
292.
MAI, Angelo, Italian cardinal, xv. 293.
MAIA, of Greek mythology, xv. 294.
MAIAITI, island, Tahiti Archipelago,
Pacific, xxin. 22.
MAIANO, Benedetto da, Florentine
sculptor, xxi. 560.
— , Giovanni, Florentine sculptor,
xxi. 560.
MAIDALCHINA, Olympia, her influence
over Pope Innocent X., xm. 85.
MAIDAN, district, India, xvn. 123.
, town, Syria, vi. 678.
MAIDEN, Scottish guillotine, XI. 263.
MAIDENHEAD, town, England, xv. 294.
MAIDEN PAPS, hills, Scotland, iv. 647.
MAID MARIAN, of the morris dances,
xvi. 846.
MAID OF KENT (Elizabeth Barton),
religious enthusiast, ill. 404.
MAID OF NORWAY, Princess Margaret,
xv. 537; i. 491; xvn. 588; xxi. 486.
MAID OF ORLEANS (Joan of Arc, q.v.\
xm. 695.
MAIDS OF HONOUR, at court of Eng
land, xxi. 37.
MAIDSTONE, town, England, xv. 294.
MAIDUN CASTLE, Dorset, England, vn.
372-
MAIER, Johann (J. M. von Eck), oppo
nent of Luther, vn. 641.
MAIFEUER, German custom, xvm. 170.
MAIKOFF, Apollon N., Kussian poet,
xxi. 109.
MAIL ARMOUR, n. 556.
MAILLARD, Olivier, early French
preacher, IX. 648.
MAILLE, Claire Clemencede, wife of the
Great Conde, VI. 245.
MAILLOTINS, Parisian insurgents, v.
410.
MAILLY, Abbe, French musician, xvn.
87.
MAIL-SERVICE, xix. 562.
MAIM, or Mayhem, in law, xv. 649.
MAIMANA, province, Afghanistan, i. 243.
MAIMANSINH, district, India, xv. 294.
MAIMBOURG, Louis, French historical
writer, xv. 295.
MAIMONIDES, Jewish writer and phy
sician, xv. 295, 805.
MAIN, river, Germany, xx. 519.
, Mina^an town, Arabia, xxiv. 740.
MAINA, bird, XL 26.
MAINE, old province, France, xv. 297.
, river, France, xiv. 806.
, State, U.S.A., xv. 297.
, Sir Henry, on law, Xiv. 358, 364.
— DE BIRAN, Francois P. G., French
philosopher, xv. 302; his influence on
Cousin, VI. 522.
MAINE-ET-LOIRE, department, France,
xv. 302.
MAINE LIQUOR LAW, xv. 299.
MAINOTES, Greek race, XL 84.
MAINPURI, district, India, XV. 303;
town, xv. 304.
MAINTENON, France, Aqueduct bridge
of, n. 222.
, Marquise de, second wife of Louis
XIV. of France, xv. 304; IX. 578;
wife of Scarron, XXI. 378; her patron
age of Racine, XX. 208.
MAINZ, town, Germany, xv. 305; early
printing at, xxin. 684; aqueduct, n.
22 1 ; libraries, xiv. 547 ; university,
xxin. 842, 848.
MAIO, one of Cape Verd Islands, v. 52.
MAIR, or Major, John, Scottish writer,
xv. 310.
MAIRA PARANG, town, India, xvm.
684.
MAIRS, race of people, India, II. 310.
MAISON CARREE, Roman temple, Nimes,
France, xvn. 510.
MAISTRE, Joseph de, Savoyard diplo
matist and polemical writer, XV. 306.
, Xavier de, Savoyard writer, xv.
307; ix. 672.
MAISUR, state, India, xvn. 123.
MAITLAND, town, New South Wales,
xv. 307.
, John, duke of Lauderdale, XV.
308.
— , Sir Richard, Scottish lawyer and
poet, xv. 308; xxi. 541.
— , Sir Thomas, commissioner
of
Ionian Islands, xm. 206.
-, William, of Lethington, Scottish
politician, xv. 308, 595; XXI. 502.
— CLUB, The, Scotland, xv. 308.
MAITRE, Antoine Le, Port-Royalist,
xix. 533.
PATELIN, French satire, ix. 645.
MAITTAIRE, Michel, French scholar, xv.
308.
MAIZE, or Indian Corn, xv. 309; malt
from, IV. 271.
XXV. - 35
274
M A I — M A L
MAIZENA, or Corn Flour, xv. 310.
MAIZE OIL, xvn. 744, 746.
MAIZE STARCH, xxn. 456.
MAJELLA, Monte della, mountain, Italy,
xiii. 437-
MAJESTATSBRIEF, grant of equal rights
to Protestants, xvn. 365.
MAJESTY, title, xxm. 418.
MAJLATH, Janos, Count, Hungarian
historian and poet, XV. 3 1 o.
MAJOLICA WARE, xix. 624.
MAJOR, George, on good works, xv. 85.
, John, Scottish theological and his
torical writer, xv. 310; xxi. 541.
MAJORCA, one of the Balearic Islands,
Spain, ill. 277; kingdom of, xvin.
556.
MAJORIANUS, Julius Valerius, emperor
of the West, xv. 310; xx. 781.
MAJORITY, in law, I. 279; xin. i.
MAJULI, island, Assam, India, n. 719.
MAKACHINGA, mountain, Siberia, xv.
547-
MAKALAKAS, African tribe, xv. 588.
MAKALLA, town, Arabia, xv. 311.
MAKAMAT, Arabic work by Hariri, xi.
480.
MAKAM IBRAHIM, sacred place at
Mecca, xv. 673.
MAKARIEVSKAYA FAIR, Nijni-Nov-
gorod, Russia, XVII. 501, 502.
MAKHZAN-ULASRAK, poem by Nizami,
xvii. 522.
MAKIN ISLAND, Pacific Ocean, xvi. 257.
MAKIS, or Lemurs, xiv. 440; xv. 444.
MAKKARI, Arabic historian, xv. 311.
MAKO, town, Hungary, xv. 311.
MAKOLOLOS, South-African tribe, xv.
r-QQ
5OO.
MAKONG, or Mekong (q.v.), river, Asia,
xv. 832.
MAKOW, town, Russia, xiv. 817.
MAKRIZI, Arabic historian and arclueo-
logist, xv. 311.
MAKTESH, quarter of Jerusalem, xm.
640.
MAKUA, people, East Africa, xvii. 8.
MAKURTI, mountain, India, xvn. 509.
MALABAR, district, India, xv. 312.
MALABRANCA, Angelo, Roman senator,
xx. 795.
MALABRIGO, town, Peru, xvin. 674.
MALACCA, or Malay Peninsula, xv. 320;
weights and measures of, xxiv. 490.
, one of the Straits Settlements,
XXII. 586.
, town, Malay Peninsula, xv. 312,
323-
, Strait of, xxn. 638.
MALACHI, of Scripture, xv. 313.
MALACHITE, mineral, xv. 314; vi. 347;
xvi. 399.
MALACHY, St, archbishop of Armagh,
xv. 315.
— , ancient Irish king, xin. 253.
MALACOBDELLA, genus of nemertine
worms, xvn. 326.
MALACOLITE, mineral, xvi. 416.
MALACONE, mineral, xvi. 424.
MALACOPTILA, genus of birds, xx. 101.
MALADETTA, mountain, Pyrenees, xx.
125.
MALAGA, province, Spain, xv. 315;
town, xv. 316.
MALAGARASI, river, Africa, xxm. 45.
MALAGASY, people of Madagascar, xv.
171.
LANGUAGE, Dictionaries of, vn.
MALAKHOFF, Duke of (J. J. A. Pelis-
sier), French general, xvin. 475.
MALALAS, John, Chronicle of, in. 578.
MALAMOCCO, town, Venice, xxiv.
141.
MALANTA, one of the Solomon Islands,
South Pacific, xxn. 252.
MALAPANE, river, Silesia, xxn. 52.
MALAPTERURUS, genus of fishes, xxn.
68.
MALAR, Lake, Sweden, xxn. 553, 736.
MALARIA, disease, xv. 316; xvin. 394.
MALASPINA, mountain, Philippine
Islands, xvin. 748.
MALATESTA, ruling family of Rimini,
Italy, xx. 556.
DEI MALATESTI, Roman senator,
xx. 804.
MALATIA, or Malatiyah, town, Asia
Minor, xv. 320; opium of, xvn. 789.
MALAVIKAGNIMITRA, Sanskrit drama,
xin. 829.
MALAVOLTI, Orlando, Sienese historian,
xxn. 43.
MALAYALMA, dialect of Tamil language,
xxm. 42; dictionaries of, vn. 191.
MALAYAN FOWLS, xix. 645.
MALAY ARCHIPELAGO, Asia, 11. 687;
xn. 815.
MALAY LANGUAGE, xv. 325; diction
aries of, vn. 191.
MALAY LITERATURE, xv. 325.
MALAY PENINSULA, Asia, xv. 320;
birds of, III. 763.
MALAY - POLYNESIAN LANGUAGE,
xvin. 779.
MALAYS, race of people, South -East
Asia, xv. 323; n. 697; xn. 817; in
Borneo, IV. 58; religions of, xx. 364.
MALBAIE, town, Canada, xx. 167.
MALBERG GLOSSES, on the Salic law,
xxi. 213.
MALCOLM I.-IL, kings of Scotland,
xxi. 479.
III., Canmore, of Scotland, xxi.
480; does homage to William I. of
England, xxiv. 576, 577.
IV., the Maiden, of Scotland, XXI.
483-
-, Sir John, Indian administrator,
xv. 326; British envoy to Persia,
xvin. 647.
MALCZEWSKI, Anton, Polish poet, xix.
304-
MALDAH. district, India, xv. 327.
MALDEN, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
xv. 327.
MALDIVE ISLANDS, Indian Ocean, xv.
327-
MALDON, town, England, xv. 332.
MALDONADO, town, Uruguay, xxiv.
MALDONITE, mineral, xvi. 393.
MALE, atoll and town, Maldive Islands,
xv. 331.
MALEBRANCHE, Nicolas, French philo
sopher, xv. 332; his development of
Cartesianism, v. 148; his influence on
French literature, IX. 661; Norm's
indebtedness to, xvn. 552.
MALECKI, Anton, Polish writer, XIX.
305-
MALER KOTLA, state, India, xv. 332.
MALESHERBES, Chretien Gtiillaume de
Lamoignon de, French lawyer and
politician, xv. 333.
MALESPINI, Bicardano, Italian writer,
xin. 501.
MALEVKA, town, Russia, xxm. 605.
MALFORMATIONS, Animal, xvi. 762.
MALHERBE, Francois de, French poet
and critic, XV. 333; IX. 656; XX. 842.
MALI, town, Mandingo, Africa, xv.
475-
MALICE, in law, xiv. 506; aforethought,
xvn. 52.
MALIGNANT FEVER, ix. 126.
MALIGNANT PUSTULE, xxiv. 663.
MALIK B. ANAS, Moslem jurisconsult,
xvi. 594.
MALIKITE, Moslem sect, xvi. 593; xxn.
661.
MALIK SHAH, Seljuk ruler, xvi. 588;
xxi. 635; calendar of, xvn. 771.
M ALINCHE, Sierra de, mountains, Mexico,
xxni. 422.
MALINDANG, mountain, Philippine
Islands, xvin. 748.
MALINES (Mechlin), town, Belgium, XV.
774; xiv. 188; xxiv. 62.
MALINKES, or Mandingoes(</.r.), African
tribe, xv. 475.
MALINTZI, or Malinche, Sierra de, moun
tains, Mexico, xxm. 422.
M ALKITE VERSION, of the Gospels, xxn.
826.
MALL, or Paille-Maille, game, vi. 608.
MALLANWAN, town, India, xv. 334.
MALLARD, bird, vn. 505.
MALLARDITE, mineral, xvi. 401.
MALLEABLE IRON AND STEEL, xin.
281, 327.
MALLEE-BIRD, xv. 827.
MALLEMUCK, bird, xv. 334.
MALLET, Paul Henri, Swiss writer, xv.
335; xxn. 799.
— DU PAN, Jacques, French journal
ist, xvn. 424.
MALLEUS H^RETICORUM (Johann
Faber), French theologian, vin. 835.
MALLICOLO, island, New Hebrides, xvn.
395-
M A L — M A N
275
MALLOPHAGA, group of insects, xin.
152; xv. 24.
MALLORCA, or Majorca, one of the
Balearic Islands, Spain, in. 277.
MALLOTUS, genus of plants, xm. 831.
, genus of fishes, xxi. 221, 224.
MALLOW, plant, xv. 335.
, town, Ireland, XV. 335.
MALMESBURY, town, England, xv. 335;
parliamentary representation, XXIV.
594-
, Earl of, English diplomatist, XV.
336.
, William of, English historical
writer, XV. 336.
MALMING, in brickmaking, iv. 280.
MALMO, town, Sweden, xv. 337; xxn.
742.
, island, Sweden, xxn. 737.
MALMOHUS, county, Sweden, xxn.
741.
MALMSEY WINE, xv. 178, 346.
MALMYZH, town, Russia, xxiv. 303.
MALNAD, district, India, xvn. 123; xxi.
803.
MALORUSSES, Eussian race, xxi. 79.
MALORY, Sir Thomas, compiler of Morte
Darthur, xv. 337; x. 173.
MALOSMADULU, one of Maldive Islands,
xv. 331.
MALO-TYMOVSK, town, Saghalin, Asia,
xxi. 147.
MALOU, La, spa, France, xvi. 434, 435.
MALPIGHI, Marcello, Italian anatomist
and microscopist, xv. 337; I. 812;
his contributions to microscopical ana
tomy, XXIV. 815 ; to embryology,
viii. 164 ; 011 biological metamor
phosis, vin. 744.
MALPLAQUET, France, Battle of (1709),
in. 126; ix. 582; xv. 555.
MALSTATT-BURBACH, town, Prussia, xv.
333.
MALSTROM, whirlpool, Norway, xiv.
769; xxiv. 540.
MALT, xv. 338; adulterations of, i. 173;
for brewing, iv. 266.
MALTA, island, Mediterranean Sea, xv.
339, 820 ; establishment of Knights
Hospitallers in, xxi. 174; dockyard,
VII. 318 ; weights and measures of,
xxiv. 490.
MALTE-BRUN, Conrad, geographer, xv.
343-
MALTHAZITE, mineral, xvi. 424.
MALTHUS, Thomas Robert, English
economist, xv. 343; xix. 371.
MALTIN, ferment in barley, xv. 339.
M ALTON, town, England, xv. 345.
MALTOSE, variety of sugar, xv. 338;
xxn. 624.
MALTSOFF'S WORK, industrial colony,
Orel, Russia, xvn. 826.
MALTZAN, Heinrich K. E. H., Baron,
German traveller, xv. 345.
MALUM EGYPTIACUM, disease, vn.
249.
MALUS, Etienne Louis, French physi
cist, xv. 345.
MALVASIA, town, Greece, xv. 346.
MALVERN, town, England, xv. 346;
encaustic tiles at, vin. 187.
- HILLS, England, xxiv. 665.
MALWA, province, India, xv. 346; opium
cultivation at, xvn. 789.
MALWAN, town, India, xx. 292.
MALY, Jakub, Bohemian writer, xxn.
153-
MAMADUISH, town, Russia, xiv. 20.
MAMALIGA, maize porridge, of Rou-
mania, xvm. 476; xxi. 15.
MAMALUCO, issue of white and Indian,
xvn. 319.
MAME, people, Central America, xxiv.
760.
MAMELUKE BEYS AND SULTANS,
Egypt, XV. 346; VII. 756; massacre of
beys, vn. 762, 764; defeat of, by the
Turks, xxni. 643.
MAMERS, town, France, xxi. 314.
MAMERTINE PRISON, Rome, xx. 814.
MAMILIUS, Octavius, chief of Tusculum,
xxni. 671.
MAMILLA, pool, Jerusalem, xm. 638.
MAMISSON, pass, Caucasus, Russia, v.
253-
MAMMA, Cancer in the, xvm. 381, 383.
MAMMALIA, division of animal king
dom, xv. 347 (index, 446) ; olfactory
organs of, XXII. 166; organs of touch,
xxni. 479; skeleton, xxil. 106; taxi
dermy, xxni. 90; of North America,
I. 684 ; in Lankester's classification,
xxiv. 812; works 011 development of,
vin. 168.
MAMMARY GLANDS, xv. 368; xvi. 302.
MAMMILLARIA, group of Cactaceee, iv.
625.
MAMMOTH, extinct ungulate mammal,
xv. 447, 425; tusks of, xm. 522.
— CAVE, Kentucky, U.S.A., xv. 448;
xiv. 42; fish of, xii. 693.
HOT SPRINGS, Yellowstone Park,
U.S.A., xxiv. 737.
— SPRING, Arkansas, U.S.A., II. 540.
MAM SOUL, mountain, Scotland, xx.
854.
MAMUN, or Al-Mamun, caliph, I. 589;
xvi. 582.
MAMURA, town, Morocco, xvi. 831.
MAMURAT-EL-AZIZ (Kharput), town,
Armenia, xiv. 57.
MAMURIUS VETURIUS (Mars), Roman
divinity, xv. 570.
MAN, II. 107; his zoological position,
xv. 444; creation of, I. 136; myths of
the origin of, in. 141; xvn. 157;
acclimatization of, I. 88; antiquity of,
in America, I. 691; in geology, x.
291, 368; in historic times, II. 342;
longevity of, xiv. 858; parasites of,
xvm. 260; prehistoric, II. 333, 341;
Philo's doctrine of, xvm. 762.
— , Archetypal, of Kabbala, Xlll. Sir.
MAN, Isle of, Irish Sea, xv. 450;
fisheries of, ix. 264; language, v. 298.
MANA, Syriac writer, xxi I. 830.
MANAAR, Gulf of, Ceylon, v. 359.
MANACOR, town, Majorca, Spain, xv.
454-
MANACUS, genus of birds, xv. 455.
MANADO, residency, Celebes, v. 289.
MANAGUA, town, Nicaragua, Cent
America, xv. 454; xvn. 477; lake,
xvn. 477.
MANAKIN, bird, xv. 455.
MANANTADI, or Manantoddy, town,
India, xv. 455.
MANASAROWAR, lake, Tibet, xxin. 340.
MANASSAS, U.S.A., Battle of (1861),
xxiii. 775.
MANASSEH, king of Judah, xm. 415.
, priest of Samaria, xm. 419.
— , Tribe of, xv. 455; xm. 401, 749.
MANASSES, Prayer of, apocryphal book,
II. 181.
MANATEE, sirenian mammal, xv. 456,
390.
MANBHUM, district, India, xv. 458.
MANGE'S METHOD, of determining
electric battery resistance, vin. 50.
MANCHA, La, district, Spain, xv. 458.
MANCHAR, lake, India, iv. 22.
MANCHE, department, France, xv. 458.
MANCHESTER, town, England, xv. 459;
libraries of, xiv. 521, 544; news
papers, xvn. 422; Victoria University,
xxni. 854; waterworks, II. 224.
, town, Connecticut, U.S.A., xv.
465.
— , town, New Hampshire, U.S.A.,
xv. 465; xvii. 392.
- UNITY, of Oddfellows, ix. 782;
xvii. 723.
MANCHOWS, or Manchus (<?.r.), Mon
golian people, XV. 467.
MANCHURIA, territory, East Asia, xv.
465; ii. 686.
MANCHUS, Mongolian people, xv. 467;
xvi. 744; xxiii. 608; invasion of
China by, V. 467.
MANCINI, Hortense, friend of Saint-
Evremond, xxi. 168.
MANCIPATION, in Roman law, xx. 676,
689.
MANCO, Ynca emperor of Peru, xvm.
677-
CAPAC, mythical Peruvian hero, i.
698.
MANDJ<EAN LANGUAGE, xxi. 649.
MAND^EANS, Oriental sect, xv. 467;
xxi. 128.
MANDALAY, town, Burmah, xv. 470.
MANDAL ELY, river, Norway, xvn.
575-
MANDAMUS, \Yrit of, in law, xv. 471.
MANDARIN, Chinese official, v. 667.
MANDATE, or Mandatum, in law, xv.
471.
MANDEVILLE, Bernard de, moralist, xv.
472; his ethical teaching, vin. 600.
276
M A N — M A N
MANDEVILLE, Jehan de, or Sir John,
writer of travels, XV. 473; xvn. 728.
MANDHAR, kingdom, Celebes, v. 290.
MANDI, state, Punjab, India, xv. 475.
MANDINGAN GROUP, of Negroes, xvn.
3i9-
MANDINGOES, African people, xv. 475;
i. 263; xxi. 662; xxii. 278.
MANDLA, district, India, xv. 476.
MANDOLA, Italian lute, xv. 70.
MANDOLINE, Italian lute, xv. 70.
MANDRAGOLA, Machiavelli's comedy,
xv. 151.
MANDRAGORA, genus of plants, xv.
476; use of, as an anaesthetic, I. 789.
MANDRAKE, plant, xv. 476.
MAN-DRAM, pickle, v. 280.
MANDRILL, baboon, xv. 476.
MANDURAH, town, Western Australia,
xxiv. 508.
MANDURIA, town, Italy, xv. 477.
MANEGRS, Tungus tribe, Siberia,
xxm. 608.
MAN-ENGINES, in mines, xvi. 462.
MANES, in Roman mythology, xv. 477.
, founder of Manichseism, xv. 482.
MANETHO, Egyptian priest and annal
ist, XV. 478, 144; v. 710; on Egyptian
chronology, I. 499 ; his History of
Egypt, vn. 729.
MANETTA, Filippo, on Negro children,
xvn. 317.
MANETTI, Giannozzo, Italian writer,
xni. 506.
MANFRED, king of the Two Sicilies, xv.
478; xm. 475; xxii. 27; his contest
with Pope Alexander IV., I. 487.
MANFREDONIA, town, Italy, xv. 479.
MANGALIA, town, Roumania, xv. 479.
MANGALORE, town, India, xv. 479.
MANGANATES, salts of manganese, xv.
480; spectra of, xxii. 377.
MANGANEISEN, metal, xm. 350.
MANGANESE, chemical element, xv.
479; v. 533; in bleaching powder, v.
679; deposit of, in Pacific Ocean,
xvill. 125; production of, xvi. 467.
, Red, mineral, xvi. 398.
MANGANITE, mineral, xv. 479; xvi.
388.
MANGANOCALCITE, mineral, xvi. 398.
MANGAREVA, island, South Pacific,
xxm. 602.
MANGEL-WURZEL, Culture of, i. 368;
beer made from, iv. 271.
MANGERAAI (Flores), island, Indian
Archipelago, ix. 337.
MANGER OF BUCEPHALUS, stone monu
ment, near Philippi, Macedonia, XVIIL
746.
MANGHISHLAK, town, Transcaspian
Region, Russia, xxm. 513.
MANGLING, in bleaching, in. 817.
MANGO, tree and fruit, xv. 481.
MANGORO, river, Madagascar, xv. 169.
MANGOSTEEN, tree and fruit, xv. 481.
MANGROVE, tree, xv. 481.
MANG-TSZE (Mencius), Chinese philo
sopher, xvi. 3; v. 66 1.
MANGU KHAN, Mongol ruler, xvi. 741;
xxi. 90.
MANGU TIMUR, Mongol ruler, xvi.
746.
MANG-YUL, region, Tibet, xxm. 340.
MANHATTAN ISLAND, New York,
U.S.A., XVIIL 458.
MANHOOD, Period of, xv. 778.
MANI, founder of Manichasism, xv.
482.
MANIA, form of insanity, xm. 104.
MANIACES, Georgius, Byzantine general,
xxii. 24.
MANICH^EISM, religious system, xv.
481; XI. 737; St Augustine's relations
with, in. 76; later developments of, in
Middle Ages, xx. 321; xxiv. 322; I.
454 (Albigenses) ; III. 858 (Bogomili);
XVIIL 433 (Paulicians).
MANICORDO, musical instrument, xix.
66.
MANIOC, family of edentate mammals,
xv. 388.
MANIFOLDNESS, in mathematics, xv.
629, 66 1.
MANIHOT, india-rubber plant, xil. 837.
MANILA, town, Philippine Islands, xv.
487; XVIIL 750.
HEMP, vegetable fibre, xv. 488; I.
4; XL 647; culture of, XVIIL 751.
MANILIUS, Roman poet, xv. 489.
MANILLA, or Manila, town, Philippine
Islands, xv. 487.
— HEMP, or Manila Hemp (q.v.), xv.
488.
NUT, XL 221.
MANIN, Daniele, president of Venetian
republic, xv. 489.
, Ludovico, doge of Venice, xxiv.
148.
MANINDJI, lake, Sumatra, xxii. 638.
MANIOC, plant, n. 631; v. 182; xxm.
56.
MANIPLE, ecclesiastical vestment, vi.
462.
MANIPUR, state, India, xv. 489.
MANIS, genus of edentate mammals,
XV. 388; XVIIL 211.
MANISA, or Manissa, town, Asia Minor,
xv. 490.
MANISTEE, town, Michigan, U.S.A., xv.
490.
MANITOBA, province, Canada, xv. 490;
xvn. 573; climate of, iv. 772.
MANITOULIN, district, Ontario, Canada,
xvn. 776.
MANITOWOC, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
xv. 491.
MANKATO, town, Minnesota, U.S.A., xv.
491.
MAN LEY, John, English postal con
tractor, XIX. 564.
, Maryde la Rivier, English drama
tist, xv. 491.
MANLIUS, Roman family, xv. 492.
MANN, Horace, American educationist,
xv. 492.
MANNA, xv. 493; Australian, VIIL 650;
from the ash, n. 680; xiv. 310; from
the larch, xiv. 310.
MANNA-LICHEN, xiv. 560.
MANNAR PASSAGE, Ceylon, v. 359.
MANNHEIM, town, Baden, Germany,
xv. 493; academy of sciences at, I. 71;
observatory, xvii. 713.
MANNING, river, New South Wales,
xvn. 408.
, Robert, English chronicler, xv.
494; VIIL 410.
, Thomas, English traveller in Tibet,
xiv. 503; xxm. 338.
MANNITE, constituent of manna, xv.
493-
MANNUCCI, Teobaldo, Venetian printer,
xv. 512.
MANGEL I., king of Portugal, VIIL
157-
MAN OF FEELING, Mackenzie's, xv.
158.
MAN OF MODE, Etheridge's comedy,
VIIL 573.
MAN-OF-WAR, ship, xxi. 821.
, bird, ix. 786.
MANOMETER, pressure gauge, xv. 494;
xix. 245.
MANOMETRIC GAS - THERMOMETER,
xx. 131.
MANOMETRIC THERMOMETRY, XL 561.
MANON LESCAUT, Prevost's novel, xix.
720.
MANOOF, canal, Egypt, VIL 710.
MANOR, in English law, xv. 496;
lordship of, xxi. 623; origin of, VIIL
298.
MAN-OUNG, island, Burmah, xiv. 162.
MAN-POWER, in mechanics, xv. 772.
MANRESA, town, Spain, xv. 497.
MANROLITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
MANS, Le, town, France, xv. 497.
MANS A MUSA, West- African prince,
xv. 475.
MANSART, Jules Hardouin, French
architect, xvill. 292; xxiv. 176.
MANSEL, Henry Longueville, English
metaphysician, XV. 497; his logic, xiv.
800.
— , Sir Robert, his expedition against
Algiers, I. 566.
MANSFELD, Count Ernest of, Protestant
general, xv. 498.
MANSFIELD, mountain, Vermont,
U.S.A., xxm. 792; xxiv. 166.
, town, England, xv. 498.
— , town, Ohio, U.S.A., xv. 498.
— , Earl of, lawyer and politician, xv.
498.
MANSIONS, English, Architecture of, II.
443; Roman, II. 420.
MANSLAUGHTER, in law, xvn. 52
MANSON, George, Scottish painter, xv.
500.
MANSOOR, El-Hakim, Fatimite caliph
M A N — M A R
277
and founder of the Druses, XI. 378;
vii. 484, 751.
MANSUR, or Mansoor, surname of
Mohammedan princes, xv. 503.
of Hallaj, Persian pantheist, XI.
367-
, Abu Jafar al-, caliph, xvi. 578.
, Abul Cassim (Firdousi), Persian
poet, ix. 225.
MANSVELT, buccaneer, iv. 409.
MANT, Richard, bishop of Down, hymn-
writer, xil. 595.
MANTEGNA, Andrea, Italian painter,
architect, and engraver, xv. 501; vill.
440, 441; xxi. 436.
MANTELL, Gideon Algernon, English
geologist, xv. 502.
MANTIC UTTAIR, Persian poem, ix.
89.
MANTID/E, group of insects, xin. 152.
MANTINEIA, ancient town, Greece, xv.
503-
MANTININO (Martinique), island, West
Indies, xv. 586.
MANTIRS, tribe, Sumatra, xxn. 640.
MANTIS, insect, xv. 503; myth of the,
xvii. 147.
MANTISSA, in logarithms, xiv. 772.
MANTLING, in heraldry, XL 711.
MANTUA, town, Italy, xv. 504; xx. 145;
coins of, xvii. 657; Gonzaga family,
X. 772; pictures in, XXI. 447; Man-
tegna's works at, XV. 501; Rubens' s
works in, xxi. 41.
MANTUMBA, lake, Central Africa, xxiv.
764.
MANU, Hindu lawgiver, xxi. 288 ;
institutes of, IV. 203.
MANUALS, of organ, xvii. 830.
MANUCODE, bird, xv. 504.
MANUEL I., Comnenus, emperor of Con
stantinople, xv. 505.
II., Paheologus, of Constantinople,
xv. 505; xviii. 1 66.
I.-III., emperors of Trebizond,
xv. 505.
, Juan, Spanish writer, XXII. 354.
CHRYSOLORAS, Greek grammarian,
XL 149.
— PHILES, Byzantine dramatist, XI.
145.
MANUFACTURES, in relation to art, n.
639; economic extension of, XIX. 355;
tariff protection of, IX. 755.
MANU-MEA, Samoan pigeon, xix. 85.
MANUMISSION, in Roman law, xx. 704.
MANURE, xv. 505; agricultural, i. 305,
342; artificial, I. 353; xiv. 568; for
gardens, xil. 232; law relating to
tenants' use of, xiv. 275; quantities
used on small farms, I. 412.
DISTRIBUTORS, i. 321.
MANUS, in Roman law, xx. 671.
, of mammals, xv. 359.
MANUSCRIPTS, vn. 253; xvm. 144;
xxin. 682; paper of, xvm. 217; illu
minated, xii. 707; xvi. 437.
MANUS INJECTIO, in Roman law, xx.
684.
MANUSMRITI, Sanskrit law, xxi. 288.
MANUTIUS, Aldus, or Aldo Manuzio,
the Elder, Italian printer, xv. 512.
— , Aldus, junior, Italian printer and
scholar, XV. 514.
, Paulus, Italian printer, XV. 513;
his Latinity, Xiv. 342.
MANX LANGUAGE, xv. 453; v. 298;
dictionaries of, vn. 188.
MANX PUFFIN, bird, xxi. 781.
MANYANGA, town, Congo river, Africa,
xxiv. 765.
MANYEUMA COUNTRY, Central Africa,
i. 248.
MANYOSHIU, Japanese poems, xin.
587.
MANYTCH, affluent of the Don, Russia,
xxi. 74; xxn. 472.
MANZANARES, river, Spain, xv. 190.
MANZANILLA, seaport, Mexico, vi.
141.
- WINE, Spain, xxiv. 607.
MANZONI, Alessandro Francesco Tom-
maso Antonio, Italian poet, xv. 514;
vn. 417; xin. 515; on the torture of
accused persons, XXIII. 467.
MAORIS, New Zealand race, xvii. 471;
myths of, XVI I. 149.
MAP, MAPS, xv. 515 (with list, 522);
making of, X. 163; XXII. 709, 714;
earliest forms of, xx. 91, 94; classes
of, x. 191; cleaning of, ill. 821; con
struction of, x. 200; D'Anville's im
provements in, VI. 820; meteorological,
xvi. 158; of early navigators, xvii.
253-
, Mapes, or Mapus, Walter, English
ecclesiastic, statesman, and writer, XV.
523; vin. 408; ix. 639; xx. 644.
MAPLE, tree, xv. 523; of United States,
xxiii. 807.
CITY (Ogdensburg), New York,
U.S.A., xvii. 733.
SUGAR, xxn. 628.
MAPOCHO, river, Chili, xxi. 298.
MAPUS (Walter Map, q.v.), xv. 523.
MAR, district, Scotland, I. 43.
, Earldom of, XV. 524.
— , Earl of, regent of Scotland, xm.
558; xxi. 506.
MARA of Amid, Syriac writer, xxn.
833.
MAR-ABHA I., Syriac writer, xxn. 826,
836.
MAR-ABHA II., patriarch, Syriac writer,
xxn. 844.
MARABOU-STORK, bird, xin. 529.
MARABOUT, Moslem devotee, xv. 525.
MARACAIBO, town, Venezuela, South
America, xv. 525; population, xxiv.
140.
MARACANDA (Samarkand), ancient
town, Asia, xx. 246; Alexander at, I.
483-
MARAGHA, town, Persia, xv. 525; xvm.
626; observatory at, xvi. 742; xvn.
709.
MARAH, Sweetening the waters of,
Sprengel on, xiv. 767.
MARALDI, James Philip, French astro
nomer, n. 755.
MARANHAO, or Maranham, town, Brazil,
xv. 526; capture of, by Lord Cochrane
(1823), vn. 540.
MARANON (Amazon), river, South
America, I. 654, 674; xvin. 673.
MARAO, Serra de, Portugal, xix. 536.
MARASCHINO, liqueur, v, 586; xiv.
687; manufacture of, xxiv. 769.
MARASMIUS, genus of Fungi, xvn. 76.
MARAT, Jean Paul, French Revolutionist,
xv. 526; ix. 604; assassination of, VL
388.
MARATHI LANGUAGE, Dictionaries of,
vn. 191.
MARATHON, Plain of, Greece, xv. 528;
in. 60; battle of (490 B.C.), XI. 99;
xvin. 571; painting of battle, XVII.
41.
MARATHONIANS, early Christian sect,
xv. 145.
MARATTIACE/E, group of ferns, ix. 105.
MARBLE, crystalline limestone, xv.
528; xvi. 397; structure of, X. 231;
mosaics of, xvi. 851; sculptors' work
on, xxi. 571; earliest workers in
statuary of, II. 349; veneer, xvn. 36;
of Attica, in. 59; of Carrara, v. 133;
of Maragha, xv. 526; Parian, xvin.
319; Roman, xx. 808; of Tabriz, xxiv.
12; of Venice, xxiv. 149; of Verona,
xxiv. 170.
MARBLEHEAD, town, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., xv. 530.
MARBLE HILL, Twickenham, England,
xxin. 674.
MARBLING, in painter's work, iv.
512.
MARBURG, town, Austria, xv. 530; xxn.
614.
, town, Prussia, XV. 530; university
of, xxin. 844; conference (1529)
between Luther and Zwingli, xv. 82;
Melanchthon's action at, xv. 834.
MARCABRUN, Provencal poet, xix. 874.
MARCANDA (Samarkand), ancient town,
Central Asia, XXI. 246; I. 483.
MARCANTONIO RAIMONDI, Italian
engraver, XV. 530; VI 1 1. 441.
MARCASITE, mineral, xv. 532; xvi.
390.
MARCEL, Etienne, provost of the mer
chants, Paris, IX. 546; v. 409; xvin.
289.
MARCELINE, mineral, xvi. 387.
MARCELLA, friend of Martial, xv. 579.
MARCELLINUS, St, bishop of Rome, xv.
532-
MARCELLO, Benedetto, Venetian
musical composer, xvn. 92.
MARCELLUS I. -I I., popes, xv. 533.
, Marcus Claudius, Roman warrior
278
M A R — M A R
(consul 222 and 208 B.C.), xv. 532;
xxii. 817.
MARCELLUS, Marcus Claudius, Roman
consul in Spain (152 B.C.), xxn. 306.
, Marcus Claudius, Roman oidile
(consul 51 B.C.), xv. 532.
-, Marcus Claudius, adopted son of
Augustus, xv. 533.
-, Theatre of, at Rome, II. 418.
MARCH, month, xv. 533.
, of an army, xxiv. 362.
, river, Moravia, xvi. 810.
, Earl of (Roger Mortimer), vm.
320, 327.
, Auzias, Catalan poet, xxn. 363.
MARCHAND, J. Louis, his musical con
test with Bach, in. 195.
MARCHANTIA, genus of liverworts,
xvn. 68.
MARCHASITE, mineral, xv. 532.
MARCHE, province, France, xv. 533.
MARCHEN, German folk-tales, in. 283.
MARCHENA, town, Spain, xv. 533; xxi.
708.
MARCHES, district, Italy, II. 9; dialect
of, xin. 496.
MARCHFELD, Austria, Battle of the
(1809) (Aspern), xvn. 214.
MARCHIONESS, title, xv. 565.
MARCIAN, emperor of the East, xv. 533.
LAW, Roman, xx. 68 1.
MARCIANUS, Codex, Old Testament
MS., xvin. 148.
MARCILLAC, Prince de (La Rochefou
cauld), French statesman, xiv. 317.
MARCION, heretical writer, xv. 533 ; x.
704; on the Epistle to the Ephesians,
Vlll. 458; Polycarp's attitude to, XIX.
415.
MARCIONITE CHURCHES, of 2d and 3d
centuries, xv. 533; xix. 415.
MARCK, Comte de la, Mirabeau's letters
to, xvi. 496.
, Robert de la (Fleuranges), marshal
of France, IX. 305.
MARCO DA RAVENNA, Italian engraver,
xv. 531.
MARCOMANNI, Invasion of Rome by
the, xx. 775.
MARCO POLO, mediaeval traveller in
Asia, xix. 404; x. 178; xin. 501; his
visit to China, v. 648; on Kublai
Khan, xiv. 151.
MARCUS, pope, xv. 535.
AURELIUS, Roman emperor and
philosopher, in. 86; Stoic teaching of,
xxn. 573.
MARCY, Mount, New York, U.S.A.,
xvn. 450; xxin. 792.
, William L., American politician,
xxin. 789.
MARDIN, town, Turkish Kurdistan, xv.
535-
MARDONIUS, Persian general, xvin.
571-
MARE, island, South Pacific, XV. 30;
its formation, xix. 421.
MARE, Milk of the, xvi. 303, 305.
MAREB, or Marib, Great dyke of, Arabia,
n. 262; xxiv. 739.
MARECA, genus of birds, xxiv. 561.
MARECCHIA, river, Italy, xin. 437.
MAREE, Loch, Scotland, xx. 854.
MAREMMA, Tuscany, Borax jets in, iv.
50.
MARENGO, Italy, Battle of (1800), in.
130; ix. 613; xvn. 204.
MAREOTIS, Lake, Egypt, vn. 709.
MARFORIO, statue, at Rome, xvin.
34i-
MARGARET, St, wife of King Malcolm
Canmore of Scotland, xv. 537; xxi.
481.
-, queen of Denmark and Norway,
vii. 85; as regent of Sweden, xxn.
746.
— , Maid of Norway, xv. 537; I.
491; xvn. 588; xxi. 486.
, countess of Salisbury, vin. 335.
of Anjou, wife of Henry VI.
of England, xv. 536.
of Austria, duchess of Parma, xv.
537; as Spanish regent in Holland,
xn. 74.
of Austria, duchess of Savoy, xv.
537-
TUDOR, wife of James IV. of Scot
land, xxi. 496.
MARGARITA, St, martyr, xv. 538.
, island, Caribbean Sea, Venezuela,
xv- 5375 pearl fishery of, xvin. 447.
MARGARITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
MARGARITONE, Italian painter, xxi.
436, 442.
MARGARODITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
MARGARY, Augustus Raymond, mur
dered by Chinese, IV. 559.
MARGAT, Syria, establishment of
Knights Hospitallers at, xxi. 174.
MARGATE, town, England, xv. 538
MARGERIDE, La, mountains, Lozere,
France, xv. 31.
MARGGRAFF, Andreas S., discoverer of
sugar in beetroot, xxn. 625; his
experiments on alum, I. 643.
MARCH i LAN, or Marghinan, town,
Russia in Asia, xv. 538.
MARGIANA, Parthian kingdom, xvin.
592.
MARGRAVES, of Brandenburg, xx. 3.
MARGUERITE D' ANGOULEME, princess,
xv. 538.
DE VALOIS, three princesses, XV.
538.
MARCUS, river, Merv, Asia, xvi. 41,
44-
MARHATTAS (Mahrattas, q.r.), Indian
people, xv. 288.
MARI, Syriac writer, xxn. 830.
MARIA I., queen of Portugal, xix.
550.
II., of Portugal, xix. 553.
ANNA, regent of Spain, xxn. 332.
LOUISA, of Austria, wife of
Napoleon I., in. 134; ix. 616; xvn.
215.
; MARIA LOUISA of Parma, wife of Charles
IV. of Spain, xxn. 342.
MARIA LOUISA of Savoy, first wife of
Philip V. of Spain, xxn. 336.
MARIA STUART, Schiller's drama, xxi.
397-
MARIA THERESA, empress, xv. 539; in.
127; ix. 586, 691; x. 503; xn. 370;
xin. 750; her connexion with the
pragmatic sanction, xix. 657; Spanish
opposition to, xxii. 339,
MARIA THERESA of Spain, wife of Louis
XIV., ix. 573.
MARIAGE FORCE, Moliere's play, xvi.
628.
MARIAMNE, wife of Herod the Great,
XL 754.
MARIAMPOL, town, Russian Poland,
xxn. 728.
MARIANA, Juan de, Spanish historian,
xv. 539; xxn. 359; his treatise on
Jesuitism, xin. 650.
- ISLANDS (Ladrones), North Pacific,
xiv. 199.
MARIANNE, Marivaux's novel, xv. 551.
MARIANO, Fra, his opposition to
Savonarola, xxi. 334.
MARIAS, race of people, Central India,
in. 426.
MARIATEGUI, Francisco Xavier, Peru
vian statesman, xvin. 676.
MARIAZELL, village, Austria, xv. 539.
MARIBIOS, mountains, Nicaragua,
xvn. 477.
MARICOPAS, American-Indian tribe,
xn. 833.
MARIE ANGELIQUE DE STE MAGDE-
LEINE (Marie Arnauld), abbess of Port
Royal, n. 621; xix. 533.
MARIE ANTOINETTE, Josephe Jeanne,
wife of Louis XVI. of France, xv. 540;
in. 130; ix. 593; her connexion with
the diamond necklace affair, xx. 623.
MARIE DE FRANCE, French poetess,
xv. 541.
MARIENBAD, town, Bohemia, xv. 541;
mineral water of, xvi. 435.
MARIENBURG, town, Prussia, xv. 542.
MARIETTA, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xv. 542.
MARIETTE, Auguste Ferdinand Fran-
gois, French Egyptologist, xv. 542.
MARIGNAC ACID, xxn. 637.
MARIGNANO, Italy, Battle of (1515), ix.
689; xiv. 451.
MARIGNOLLI, Giovanni de', Italian
traveller, xv. 543.
MARIGOLD, plant, xv. 544.
MARIGOT, town, St Martin, "\Vest Indies,
xxi. 1 86.
MARI IBN SULAIMAN, Arabic writer,
xxn. 852.
MARIINA, wood, near Moscow, Russia,
xvi. 859.
MARIINSK, town, Siberia, xxin. 439.
MARINA, St, martyr, xv. 538.
M A R — M A R
279
MARINDUQUE, island, Philippines,
xviu. 752.
MARINE ANIMALS, Distribution of, vn.
276.
MARINE ENGINES, xxi. 824; xxn. 499,
509, 519.
MARINE HOSPITALS, xn. 306.
MARINE INSURANCE, xm. 184; Lloyd's,
xiv. 741.
MARINER'S COMPASS, vi. 225; xv. 518.
MARINES, naval corps, xv. 544.
MARINE STATIONS, Use of, in zoologi
cal study, xxiv. 814.
MARINI, or Marino, Giambattista, Italian
poet, xv. 546; xm. 511.
MARINONI PRINTING MACHINE, xxm.
707.
MARINUS I. -I I., popes, xv. 546.
, ancient anatomist, I. 802.
of Tyre, ancient geographer, xv.
517; XX. 91.
MARIOLATRY, worship of the Virgin
Mary, xv. 591.
MARION, Francis, American general,
xv. 546.
MARIONETTES, performing figures, xv.
546.
MARIOTTE, Edme, French physicist, xv.
547; his experiments on atmospheric
pressure, xix. 242; his law of dilata
tion of gases, Hi. 35; on the motion of
fluids, xii. 436.
MARIPOSA, California, U.S.A., its large
trees, xxm. 810.
MARISCHAL, title, xv. 574.
, Earls, in Scotland, xiv. 28; XXII.
460.
— COLLEGE, Aberdeen, Scotland,
xxm. 843.
MARISI, people, Nubia, xvn. 612.
MARITIME ALPS, i. 623.
MARITIME LAW, xxi. 583; points de
fined by Declaration of Paris (1856),
VII. 21.
MARITIME PROVINCE, Eastern Siberia,
xv. 547; xm. 831; xxii. 2, ii.
MARITIMES, Alpes, department, France,
i. 599.
MARIUPOL, town, Eussia, xv. 549.
MARIUS, bishop of Lausanne, xiv. 350.
— — , Caius, Roman general and consul,
xv. 549; xx. 758; in Jugurthine War,
xm. 767; his rivalry with Sulla,
xxii. 632.
MARIVAUX, Pierre Carlet de Chamblain
de, French novelist and dramatist,
xv. 550; vii. 426; IX. 666.
MARJORAM, herb, xii. 289; xxm. 333.
MARK, St, the Evangelist, xv. 551.
— , Gospel of, x. 789.
, territorial division, early English,
vni. 273; German, xx. 2.
— ANTONY (Antonius, Marcus, q.v.),
Roman triumvir, n. 140.
- BAR KIKI, Syriac writer, XXII. 848.
MARKET, or Fair, vm. 847.
CROSSES, vi. 612.
MARKET DEEPING, village, England,
Cultivation of mint at, xvill. 518.
MARKET-GARDENING, i. 384. See also
article Horticulture.
MARKHAM, Albert H., English Arctic
explorer, x. 196; xix. 324.
, Colonel William, deputy governor,
Pennsylvania, xvill. 495.
ARABIAN, horse, xn. 182.
MARKING NUT, xvn. 665.
MARKIRCH, town, Germany, xv. 552.
MARL, for brickmaking, IV. 281; as
manure, I. 351.
MARLBOROUGH, town, England, xv.
552; parliamentary representation,
xxiv. 594.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., xv.
553-
, Arms of dukes of, XI. 712.
, Duke of, English general, xv. 553;
in. 445; vin. 353; British army
under, II. 571; his campaigns, IX. 581;
in the Netherlands, xn. 81; in War of
Succession, in. 126; his relations with
Harley, xvin. 99; Blenheim House
erected for him, ill. 825.
COLLEGE, Marlborough, England,
xv. 553.
MARLIOZ, spa, France, xxi. 332.
MARLOW, Great, town, England, XV.
556.
MARLOWE, Christopher, English drama
tist, xv. 556; vn. 429; vin. 418; xxi.
762; his pastoral poems, xvin. 347.
MARLY-LE-ROI, town, France, xv. 558.
MARMALADE, conserve, xm. 564.
MARMAROSIS, kind of rock metamor
phosis, xv. 528.
MAR MENOR, lagoon, Spain, xxn.
293-
MARMION, Scott's poem, xxi. 548.
MARMOLITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
MARMONT, Auguste Frederic Louis
Viesse de, marshal of France, xv. 558.
MARMONTEL, Jean Francois, French
writer, xv. 559; xvn. 424.
MARMORA, Sea of, in. 797; xv. 820.
MARMOR CHRONICON, one of the
Arundel Marbles, II. 671.
MARMOSET, ape, n. 154.
MARMOT, rodent mammal, xv. 559, 417,
418.
MARNA, Phoenician god, xvin. 756.
MARNE, department, France, xv. 561.
— , river, France, xxi. 624.
— , Haute, department, France, XV.
56!.
MARNIX, Filips van, Dutch Reformer,
xn. 92.
MAROBODUUS, German chief, x. 475.
MAROCCO, or Morocco (q.v.\ country,
North Africa, xvi. 830.
MARON, John of, founder of the Maro-
nites, XV. 562.
MARONI, town, Comoro Island, West
Africa, vi. 220.
, river, Dutch Guiana, XI. 251.
MARONITES, Oriental Christian sect, xv.
562; XIV. 395; XX. 631; their war
with the Druses, vii. 486.
MAROONS, class of Negroes, xv. 562;
xm. 550.
MAROS, river, Hungary, xxm. 522.
MAROS-VASARHELY, town, Hungary,
xv. 562.
MAROT, Clement, French poet, xv. 563;
ix. 650; psalms and hymns by, xn.
589.
-, Jean, French poet, xv. 563.
MAROTIQUE, Ecole, French school of
poetry, xx. 841.
MAROZIA, mother of Pope John XL,
xm. 710; xx. 787.
MARPRELATE, Martin, controversy and
pamphlets, xvill. 204; vii. 429; xxiv.
554-
MARQUE, Letters of, xm. 194.
MARQUEE, tent, xxm. 183.
MARQUENTERRE, district, Somme,
France, xxn. 261.
MARQUESAS ISLANDS, South Pacific,
xv. 564; taboo system in, xxi 1 1. 16.
MARQUESITE, mineral, xv. 532.
MARQUESS, or Marquis, title, xv. 565;
xvin. 464; xxm. 418.
MARQUETRY, inlaid wood-work, ix.
849; xm. 81.
MARQUETTE, town, Michigan, U.S.A.,
xv. 565.
, Jacques, French missionary and
explorer, xv. 565.
MARQUEZ, Arnaldo, Peruvian poet,
xvin. 676.
MARQUIS, title, xv. 565; xxm. 418; in
the British peerage, xvill. 464.
MARQUOIS SCALE AND TRIANGLE,
surveying instruments, XXII. 720.
MARRAM MOUNTAINS, Soudan, Africa,
xxn. 277.
MARRAM, grass, xx. 319.
MARRI, sanatorium, Punjab, India, xvii.
63-
MARRIAGE, in law, xv. 565; xn. 400;
law of settlement, xxi. 694; in relation
to woman's rights, xxiv. 641; breach
of promise of, xxiv. 643; under
Brehon law, IV. 252; xm. 256; cere
monies among the Druses, vn. 485;
among the Parsees, xvin. 325; totem-
istic ceremonies, xxm. 470; between
different classes and castes, v. 187, 191;
in relation to concubinage, vi. 244;
custom in Cardigan, v. 95; Chinese!
customs, v. 670; Tibetan customs,
xxin. 344 ; forbidden degrees in
totem clans, xxin. 472; dissolution
of, vn. 300; in feudal times, xiv. 114;
among the early Israelites, Xill. 408;
in medical jurisprudence, xv. 778;
special licences, vn. 259 ; ancient
Mexican, xvi. 213; myths of, xvn.
158 ; status of Nonconformists in
regard to, xvn. 533; among primitive
races, vni. 618; IX. 18; rank conferred
280
M A R — M A E
by, XIX. 665; registration of, XX. 343;
in Eoman law, xx. 671, 674, 677, 688,
704, 712; socialistic views of, xxil.
219 ; of widows among Jews, XXI.
in. See also Adultery, Divorce,
Family.
MARRIAGE, novel by Miss Ferrier, IX.
no.
A LA MODE, Hogarth's engravings,
xn. 49.
MARROCK, bird, xi. 262.
MARROON, in pyroteclmy, xx. 136.
MARROT, bird, xx. 302.
MARROW, Anatomy of, I. 85^.
TUMOURS, xvm. 371.
MARRUBIUM, genus of plants, xn. 166.
MARRYAT, Frederick, English novelist,
xv. 569.
MARS, Eoman god (the Greek Ares), xv.
569; n. 484.
, planet, 1 1. 776, 782, 804; parallax
of, n. 796; solar parallax found by,
xvm. 246, 250; as affected by tidal
friction, xxill. 379; Kepler's investi
gations of, xiv. 46.
, Hill of, at Athens, II. 481.
MARSALA, town, Sicily, xv. 570; xxil.
31; wine of, XXIV. 610.
MARSA SciROCCO, harbour, Malta, xv.
34°-
MARSDEN, Samuel, missionary, New
Zealand, xvn. 471.
, William, English Orientalist, xv.
57i-
MARSEILLAISE, French song, by Eouget
de Lisle, ix. 603; xxi. 13.
MARSEILLES, town, France, xv. 571;
libraries of, XIV. 526, 546; observatory,
xvn. 712; plague at, xix. 166; water
works, II. 222.
MARSH, George Perkins, American dip
lomatist and philologist, xv. 574.
, Othniel Charles, on fossil birds,
XVIII. 36.
MARSHAL, title, xv. 574.
, Earl, of England, xv. 574; XXI.
36; xxil. 459.
OF THE ADMIRALTY, i. 162.
MARSHALL, John, American chief-
justice, xv. 574; I. 721; XXIL 578.
— , Mount, Virginia, U.S.A., XXIII. 794.
MARSHALLING ARMS, in heraldry, XL
705.
MARSHALL ISLANDS, Pacific Ocean,
xvi. 256; xvm. 128.
MARSH ALLTOWN, town, Iowa, U.S.A.,
xv. 574.
MARSH FEVER, xv. 316.
MARSH-GAS, xvi. 194; xvm. 237.
MAR SHIMUN, patriarch of Kurdish
Nestorians, xvn. 357.
MARSH LAND, Eeclaiming of, i. 405.
MARSH MALLOW, plant, xv. 335.
MARSHMAN, Joshua, English missionary
and Orientalist, XV. 574.
MARSH OTTER, carnivorous mammal,
xvi. 474.
MARSIGLI, Luigi Ferdinand (Marsilius),
Italian soldier and savant, xv. 575;
on birds, xvm. 8.
MARSILIUS of Padua, his influence on
Occam, xvn. 718.
- FlClNUS, Platonic philosopher, I.
69.
MARSILLAT, Guglielmo di, his glass
paintings, x. 670.
MARSLAND, Peter, his improvements on
power-looms, vi. 501.
MARSTON, salt-mine, Cheshire, England,
xxi. 231.
, John,English satirist and dramatist,
XV. 575; vn. 433.
MOOR, England, Battle of (1643),
VI. 599; vni. 347; xvil. 380.
MARSTRAND, island, Sweden, xxn.
737-
-, Wilhelm, Danish painter, VII. 94.
MARSUPIALIA, order of mammals, xm.
838; xv. 378; in. in.
MAR'S WORK, ruins, Stirling, Scotland,
XXIL 555.
MARSYAS, Phrygian god, xv. 575; re
presentation of, in relief, XVII. 120.
MARTEL, Charles, king of the Franks,
IX. 531 ; X. 477; his victory over the
Moslems, xvi. 576.
MARTEN, carnivorous mammal, xv.
575, 439, 440; skins of, ix. 838.
MARTENS, Frederick, Dutch Arctic ex
plorer, xix. 318.
MARTES, genus of carnivorous mammals,
xv. 576.
MARTHA'S VINEYARD, island, Massa
chusetts, U.S.A., xv. 612.
MARTI, F. de Paula, Spanish steno
grapher, xxi. 842.
MARTIAL, St, Festival of, at Limoges,
France, xiv. 652.
(M. Valerius Martialis), Eoman
poet, xv. 577; xxi. 319; language and
style of, Xiv. 337; his place in Eoman
literature, xx. 725.
— ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE SCOTS
NATION, by Abercromby, I. 37.
- LAW, vi. 517; xvi. 295.
MARTIANUS CAPELLA, his encyclo
paedia, vni. 191.
MARTIGUES, town, France, xv. 580.
MARTIN, bird, xv. 581.
, St, bishop of Tours, XV. 581; xvi.
702; XXIII. 491; Life of, by Sulpicius
Severus, xxi. 702.
- I., pope, XV. 582; XIX. 494; XX.
783-
1 1. -1 1 1. (Marinus I.-IL), popes,
XV. 546.
- IV., pope, XV. 582; XX. 798.
-V., pope, xv. 582; xix. 502; xx.
805.
— — , king of Aragon, xxil. 323.
, David, Scottish painter, XX. 218.
, Henri, French historian, ix. 680.
, John, English painter, xv. 582.
of Mainz, heretic, xvn. 486.
MARTINA FRANCA, town, Italy, xv.
583-
MARTIN CHUZZLEWIT, Dickens'* novel,
vii. 176.
MARTINEAU, Harriet, English authoress,
xv. 583; on political economy, xix.
377-
MARTINEZ, Niccolo, patron of Meta-
stasio, xvi. 104.
DE LA ROSA, Francisco, Spanish
poet, XXIL 361.
DE TOLEDO, Alonzo, Spanish
writer, xxil. 355.
MARTINI, or Martino, Francesco di
Giorgio, Sienese painter and sculptor,
XXII. 44; XXIV. 10.
, Giovanni Battista, Italian musical
composer, XV. 584; xvil. 92.
-, Simone (or Simone di Martino),
Italian painter, xv. 585.
MARTINI-HENRY RIFLE, XL 282.
MARTINIQUE, island, West Indies, xv.
485; ix. 526.
MARTINMAS, feast of St. Martin, xv.
582.
MARTINO, Francisco and Simone. See
Martini.
DA CANALE, Italian writer, xill.
501.
MARTIN'S ANCHOR, n. 7.
MARTINSBURG, town, West Virginia,
U.S.A., xv. 586.
MARTIUS, Carl Friedrich Philipp von,
German naturalist, xv. 586.
MARTLET, in heraldry, xi. 702.
MARTORELL, Joannot, Spanish roman-
cist, xx. 658; xxil. 364.
MARTOS, town, Spain, xv. 586.
MARTTAND, or Martund, Temple of, at
Kashmir, n. 396; Xiv. 11.
MARTYN, Henry, English missionary,
xv. 586; in Persia, xvm. 649.
MARTYNIA, plant, Peru, xvm. 670.
MARTYR, Peter, Italian Eeformer, xxiv.
1 66.
MARTYROLOGY, catalogue of martyrs,
xv. 587; Syriac, xxil. 828.
MARTYRS, Era of, v. 716.
MARUDU, river, North Borneo, xxi.
123.
MARULLUS, Michael Tarchaniota,
Florentine scholar, XV. 588.
MARUM, or Marwm, Martin van, Dutch
scientist, xv. 588.
MARUTHA of Maiperkat, Syriac writer,
xxn. 828.
- of Taghrith, Syriac writer, xxil.
838.
MARUTSE-MABUNDA, kingdom, South
Africa, xv. 588.
MARUZAYA-ISHO, Syriac writer, xxn.
847.
MARVELL, Andrew, English poet, xv.
r-CQ
50O.
MARWAR, or Jodhpur, state, India, xm.
703; xx. 260.
MARX, Karl, German economist and
M A K — M A S
socialist, XIII. 189; XXII. 210; on
communism, VI. 215.
MARY, The Virgin, xv. 589; xm. 749;
genealogy of, xm. 660; immaculate
conception of, XII. 715; discussions as
to her epithet Mother of God, XVII.
355-
, others of the name in New Testa
ment, xv. 589.
, Apocalypse of, n. 179.
, duchess of Burgundy, XII. 73.
I., queen of England, xv. 592; vill.
338, 339; her treatment of Elizabeth,
vill. 142; her marriage with Philip
II., xvm. 743; her relations with
Cardinal Pole, xix. 331.
II., of England, XV. 594; Vill.
351-
— , queen of Scots, xv. 594; xxi. 499;
her connexion with Babington con
spiracy, xxiv. 339; Chastelard's in
fatuation for, v. 436 ; her relations
with Elizabeth of England, VIII. 144,
341; in France, IX. 558, 559; Don
John of Austria's intrigue regarding,
XVlll. 525; her relations with Knox,
xiv. 132; Bishop Lesley's devotion to,
XIV. 475 ; her relations with the regent
Murray, xvn. 62.
— of Guelders, wife of James II. of
Scotland, xxi. 493.
— of Guise, wife of James V. of
Scotland, XXI. 499.
of Medici, wife of Henry IV. of
France, ix. 566.
— BARTON, Mrs Gaskell's novel, x.
104.
— PENEARIS, news-letter correspond
ence, xvii. 428.
— STUART, Schiller's drama, xxi.
397-
MARYBOROUGH, town, Ireland, xx.
171.
, town, Queensland, Australia, xv.
602.
MARYLAND, State, U.S.A., xv. 602;
colony of, xxill. 729; newspapers,
xvii. 434.
MARYLEBONE, district, London, xiv.
821.
MARYOOT, lake, Egypt, vn. 709.
MARYPORT, town, England, xv. 605.
MASACCIO (Tommaso Guicli), Italian
painter, xv. 605; ix. 772.
MASADA, fortress, on Dead Sea, vn. 2.
MAS-A-FUERA, island, South Pacific,
xm. 757.
MASANIELLO (Tommaso Aniello),
Neapolitan revolutionist, xv. 606;
xm. 484; xvii. 191.
MASARID^E, family of wasps, xxiv. 393.
MAS-A-TIERRA (Juan Fernandez),
island, South Pacific, xm. 757.
MASAUD, Tower of, at Ghazni, Afghanis
tan, x. 560.
MASAYA, town, Nicaragua, Central
America, xv. 608.
MASBATE, island, Philippines, xvm.
752.
MASCAGNI, Paolo, Sienese anatomist,
i. 815; xxii. 43.
MASCAGNINE, mineral, xvi. 400.
MASCARA, town, Algeria, xv. 608.
MASCARENE ISLANDS, or Mascarenhas,
Indian Ocean, xv. 608.
MASCARON, Jules, bishop of Agen,
French preacher, xv. 608.
MASCHERONI, Lorenzo, Italian mathe
matician, xv. 608.
MASCLE, in heraldry, XL 697.
MASHAL, similitude, or proverbial dis
tich, in Hebrew literature, III. 639;
XIX. 880.
MASHAM, Sir Francis, friend of Locke,
xiv. 754.
, Mrs (Abigail Hill), favourite of
Queen Anne, n. 63; xvm. 100.
MASHHAD, or Meshed, town, Persia,
xvi. 46; XVIIL 618, 626, 628; xix.
93-
MASHIR, fish, xir. 743.
MASHITA, Moab, Sculptures in palace
at, xvii. 35-.
MASIH AL DAJJAL, Mohammedan
antichrist, 1 1. 126.
MASINISSA, Numidian king, xv. 608;
xm. 766; xvii. 627; xx. 750.
MASINO, spa, North Italy, xxiv. 45.
MASISTES, brother of Xerxes I.
Persia, XVIIL 573.
MASJID JAMI, or Mosque, xvi. 863.
MASK, dramatic composition, vn. 431.
, Lough, Ireland, xm. 216 ; xv.
650.
-, Man in the Iron, XIII. 360.
of
MASK AT, or Muscat, town, Arabia, xvii.
64.
MASKED COMEDY, of Italy, vn. 418.
MASKELYNE, John Nevil, deviser of
conjuring tricks, XV. 207, 211.
, Nevil, English astronomer, XV.
609; n. 757; xvir. 260.
MASKINONGE, fish, xix. 89.
MASK OF PANDORA, Longfellow's poem,
xiv. 862.
MASKS AND FACES, Reade's drama, xx.
3°3-
MASLAMA, Moslem general, xvi. 574,
576.
MASOLINO DA PANICALE, Italian pain
ter, xv. 610, 606.
MASON, origin of word, IX. 752.
, Charles, English astronomer, XV.
611.
, Francis, American missionary,
xv. 6 10.
, George, American politician,
xxiii. 789.
, George Hemming, English pain
ter, xv. 6 10.
, Captain John, settler, New Hamp
shire, U.S.A., xvn. 393.
, John, English clergyman, hymn-
writer, XII. 592.
MASON, Monck, on balloon ascents, i.
194.
, William, English poet, xv. 610.
— , William, stenographer, xxi. 837.
AND DIXON'S LINE, United
States, xv. 605, 6n; XVIIL 504.
MASONITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
MASONS' MARKS, in Roman buildings,
xx. 814.
MASON WORK, iv. 468.
MASQUE, or Mask, dramatic compo
sition, vn. 431.
MASR-AL-KAHIRA (Cairo, q.v.), town,
Egypt, iv. 645.
MASS, in mechanics, xv. 698.
— , Sacrifice of the, xvi. 508; Vill.
652; xxi. 140; music for celebration
of, XVIIL 1 80; decree respecting in
council of Trent, xxiii. 550.
MASS A, or Massa Carrara, town, Italy,
xv. 6n.
, town, Morocco, XVI. 831; river,
xvi. 832.
MASSACHUSETTS, State, U.S.A., xv.
6n; in relation to Maine, xv. 301;
colony of, xxiii. 729 ; newspapers,
xvii. 433.
MASS^ESYLI, Numidian tribe, xvn.
627.
MASSALIA (Marseilles), ancient Greek
town, France, XV. 573.
MASSALIANS, sect of Greek Church, XL
782.
MASSAVIELLE, Grotto of, at Lourdes,
France, XV. 24.
MASSEKHETH HEKHALOTH, Midrash,
xvi. 286.
MASSENA, Andre", French marshal, xv.
616.
MASSES, deposits of mineral, xvi. 441.
MASSICOT, mineral, xiv. 377; xvi. 385.
MASSICYTUS, Mount, Asia Minor, xv.
93-
MASSILIA (Marseilles), ancient Greek
colony, France, X. in; xv. 573; coins
of, XVII. 636.
MASSILIANS, or Semipelagians, religious
sect, XVIIL 472.
MASSILLON, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xv.
617-
, Jean Baptiste, French preacher,
xv. 617; IX. 662; compared with
Bourdaloue, iv. 175.
MASSINA, country, Soudan, Africa, xxn.
279.
MASSINGER, Philip, English dramatist,
xv. 618; vii. 432; in relation to
Beaumont and Fletcher, III. 470.
MASSIVE MOUNTAIN, Colorado, U.S.A.,
vi. 161.
MASSORAH, or Massora, of Jewish Scrip
tures, xv. 619; XL 600; xm. 429.
MASSORETIC TEXT, of Old Testament,
in. 641; xxii. 826.
MASSOWAH, town, on Red Sea, xv. 619;
xx. 316.
MASSYLI, Numidian tribe, xvn. 627.
XXV. — 36
282
M A S — M A U
MASSYS, Jcan, Flemish painter, xv. 620.
, or Matsys, Quintin, Flemish painter,
xv. 620; xxi. 439.
MAST, of a ship, iv. 477; xxi. 153, 563.
, fruit of the beech, ill. 503.
MASTABA, Egyptian stone monument,
XX. 122.
MAST AGO MYS, genus of rodent mammals,
xvii. 6.
MASTAI-FERRETTI, Giovanni Maria
(Pope Pius IX.), xix. 156.
MASTER AND SERVANT, Law of, xv.
620; vi. 294; xiv. 165] in Roman law,
xx. 688, 704.
MASTER HUMPHREY'S CLOCK, Dickens's
work, vil. 176.
MASTER OF ARTS, origin of the degree,
xxin. 835.
MASTER OF THE BUCKHOUNDS, Eng
land, xxi. 38.
MASTER OF THE HORSE, England, xxi.
37-
MASTERS, Unions of, xxin. 499.
MASTIC, or Mastich, resin, xv. 621.
MASTICATION, of food, xvn. 669.
MASTIFF, dog, vn. 330.
MASTING, of a ship, xxi. 563.
MASTODON, extinct ungulate mammal,
xv. 622, 425.
MASTUJ, town, Hindu Kush, Asia, XL
838.
MASUD BAR BETH KASHSHA, Syriac
hymn- writer, XXII. 855.
MASUDY, Arab traveller, xv. 623; x.
177.
MASULIPATAM, town, India, xv. 624.
MASUPIAS, South-African tribe, xv.
r-CQ
500.
MAT, for floor, xv. 634; xiv. 648.
, of metal, xvn. 487.
MA-T, Egyptian divinity, vn. 718.
MATABELE, state, South Africa, xxin.
518.
MATAGALPA, town, Nicaragua, xvn.
477-
MATAKONG, island, West Africa, xxi.
661; xxii. 45.
MATALONUM (Maddaloni), ancient town,
Italy, xv. 176.
MATAMATA, turtle, xxm. 459.
MATAMOROS, town, Mexico, xv. 624.
MATAN, or Marttand, Kashmir, Temple
at, n. 396; xiv. ii.
MATANZAS, town, Cuba, xv. 624.
MATARAM, town, Lombok, xiv. 817.
MATARO, town, Spain, xv. 624.
MATCHES, xv. 624; proposed tax on,
ix. 190.
MATE, Paraguayan tea, xv. 627; iv.
227.
MATELOTAS, islands, Oceania, v. 126.
MATEO, Mastei, Spanish sculptor, xxi.
566.
MATERA, town, Italy, xv. 628.
MATERFAMILIAS, in Roman law, xx.
672.
MATERIAL, The, in psychology, xx. 55.
MATERIALISM, in evolution, vin. 753;
Lamettrie's, xiv. 243; Lotze's view of,
xv. 13; Lucretius's, xv. 54; Stoic
doctrine of, xxn. 563.
MATERIALISTIC THEORY, of man's
nature, II. 109.
MATERIALS, Strength of, xxn. 594.
MATESE, Monti del, mountains, Italy,
xni. 438, 439.
MATHA, John de, general of Trinitarian
Order, xxin. 574.
MATHEMATICAL DRAWING AND MOD
ELLING, xv. 628.
MATHEMATICAL GEOGRAPHY, x. 197;
Ptolemy on, xx. 92.
MATHEMATICAL TABLES, xxin. 7.
MATHEMATICS, xv. 629; analysis and
synthesis in, I. 793; application of, to
physical astronomy, n. 759; to econo
mic questions, Xix. 386; to geography,
x. 197; to magnetism, xv. 226;
Hindu, XXI. 294; Pythagorean, xx.
140; reasoning in, XIV. 787; contribu
tions to, by Lagrange, Xiv. 209; by
Laplace, xiv. 301; by Leonardo of
Pisa,1 xix. 125; by Newton, xvn.
438, 446; by Pascal, xvm. 338; by
Peacock, xvm. 444; by Pliicker, XIX.
228; by Poisson, xix. 281; by Ptolemy,
xx. 87; Montucla's History of, xvi.
798; mathematical societies, XXII.
224.
MATHER, Cotton, New England divine,
xv. 631.
, Increase, president, Harvard Col
lege, U.S.A., xv. 631.
-, Richard, New England pastor, xv.
631-
AND PLATT, their calico-printing
machines, iv. 685.
MATHEW, Theobald, Irish temperance
reformer, XV. 631; XXIII. 159.
DA BASSI, founder of Capuchin
friars, v. 79.
MATHEWS, Charles, English comedian,
xv. 632.
, Charles James, English comedian,
xv. 632.
MATHNITHO, in Jewish literature, XVI.
506.
MATHURIN, Port, Rodriguez island,
Indian Ocean, xx. 619.
MATHURINS, religious order, xxin.
574-
MATIA, island, South Pacific, xxin. 22.
MATICO, edentate mammal, xv. 387.
MATI DHWAJA, Tibetan Lama, xiv.
151.
MATIES, class of cured herrings, ix. 259.
MATILDA, lady of England and Nor
mandy, vin. 302; xvn. 544; xxii.
534-
, countess of Tuscany, XV. 632 ;
XIII. 471.
MATINS, canonical hour, iv. 263.
MATISCO (Macon), Roman town, France,
xv. 1 66.
MATITANANA, Falls of, Madagascar, xv.
169.
MATLOCK, town, England, xv. 632.
MATLOCKITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
MATONGAS, South-African tribe, xv.
588.
MATOTCHKIN SHAR, sea channel, Nova
Zembla, XVII. 604.
MATRAII, town, Arabia, xvii. 64.
MATRONALIA, Roman festival, xni.
779; xv. 570.
MATRONS, Jury of, in law, xni. 786.
MATSYS, or Massys, Quintin, Flemish
painter, xv. 620; xxi. 439.
MATTATHIAS, father of Judas Mac
cabeus, xni. 421; xv. 130.
MATTEO DI GIOVANNI, Italian painter,
xxi. 434, 442.
MATTER, Properties of, xv. 633; diffu
sion of, vn. 217; divisibility of, in.
37 ; action of force on, xv. 676 ;
Berkeley's theories of, ill. 591; Des
Cartes on, v. 145 ; Hume's theory of,
in relation to mind, xn. 352; Locke's
views on, XIV. 759, 761; Spinoza on,
v. 156.
MATTEUCCI, Carlo, Italian physicist,
xv. 633.
MATTHESON, Johann, German musical
composer, XL 434.
MATTHEW, St, the Evangelist, xv.
- , Gospel of, x. 789.
- of Paris, English mediaeval his
torian, xv. 633.
— , Thomas, his version of the English
Bible, vin. 386.
- DE GRADIBUS, on anatomy, I. 806.
MATTHIAS, emperor, xv. 634; x. 499;
as king of Hungary, Xii. 369.
- BASSARABA, voivode of Walachia,
xxi. 17.
CORVINUS, king of Hungary, xv.
634; xii. 367, 368.
MATTHIESEN, Johann, Anabaptist
leader, I. 786.
MATTHISON, Friedrich von, German
poet, x. 541.
MATTING, xv. 634.
MATTIOLI, Ercolo, alleged to be the
Man in the Iron Mask, xni. 361.
, Pier Antonio, Sienese botanist,
XXII. 43.
MATTOKKI, people, Nubia, xvn. 612.
MATTOON, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xv.
635-
MATUA, island, Kuriles, Asia, xiv. 160.
MATURA DIAMOND, variety of jacinth,
xni. 532.
MATURATION, of the sexes, xx. 407.
MATURIN, town, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
, Charles Robert, Irish novelist and
dramatist, xv. 635.
MATY, Matthew, librarian of British
Museum, xvm. 539.
MATZUA, town, Abyssinia, xv. 619.
MAUBEUGE, town, France, xv. 635.
A U — M A Y
283
MAUCHBERG, mountain, South Africa,
xxni. 517.
MAUDUYT, R. J. E., on birds, xvm. 7.
MAUGIS D'AlGREMONT, romance, XX.
653-
MAUI, island, Hawaiian group, XL 532.
MAULAWI, dancing dervishes, xxi. 59.
MAULE, province, Chili, v. 617.
MAULEON, town, France, xx. 127.
MAULMAIN, town, British Burmah, XV.
635.
MAUMEE BAY, Lake Erie, North
America, xxni.~436.
MAUNA (Tutuila), island, South Pacific,
xvn. 279.
KILAUEA, volcano, Hawaii, XL 531.
MAUNCH, in heraldry, XL 703.
MAUNDY THURSDAY, xv. 635; peni
tential office of, xvin. 487.
MAUPERTUIS, Peter Louis Moreau de,
.French mathematician, xv. 636; ix.
671; measures arc of meridian, VII.
598; Voltaire's dispute with, xxiv.
289.
MAU RANIPUR, town, India, xv. 636.
MAUREPAS, Comte de, French statesman,
ix. 594.
, Lake, Louisiana, U.S.A., xv. 20.
MAURER, Georg Ludwig von, German
jurist, XV. 636.
MAURES, mountains, France, xxiv. 68.
MAURETANIA, ancient country, North
Africa, XV. 636.
TlNGITAN A, ancient country, Africa,
xvi. 834.
MAURI, people of Mauretania, Africa,
xv. 637.
MAURICE (Mauricius), St, martyr, xv.
637.
• (Mauricius Flavius Tiberius),
emperor of the East, xv. 637.
(of Nassau), prince of Orange,
stadtholder of Holland, xv. 638; xn.
77; his antagonism to Barneveldt, ill.
379-
— , elector of Saxony, xv. 638; xxi.
354; his influence on France, IX. 559;
his policy towards Charles V., v. 416.
, John Frederic Denison, English
divine, xv. 638; as Christian socialist,
XXII. 210.
MAURIENNE, district, France, xxi. 332.
MAURITANIA (Mauretania), ancient
country, North Africa, XV. 636.
MAURITIA, genus of palms, xvin. 190.
MAURITIUS, island, Indian Ocean, xv.
639; I. 272; remains of dodo found
in, vn. 321; forests, IX. 408; railways,
XX. 253; thunderstorms, XVI. 129;
weights and measures, xxiv. 490.
MAURO, Fra, Italian geographer, x. 180.
MAURUS, St, Benedictine monk, xv.
642.
, Hrabanus (q.v.), mediaeval scholar,
xii. 326.
MAURUSIA (Mauretania), country,
North Africa, xv. 636.
MAURY, Alfred, on magic and astrology,
"• 739-
, Jean Siffrein, cardinal, archbishop
of Paris, xv. 642.
, Matthew Fontaine, American
hydrographer, xv. 642; his Physical
Geography of the Sea, x. 197.
MAUSOLEUM, origin of the name, II.
413, 644; XL 383; xv. 643; of Hali-
carnassus, Asia Minor, XL 384 ; of
Bijapur, India, in. 669; Roman, n.
419; xx. 831.
MAUSOLUS, king of Caria, xv. 643; XL
383; XVIIL 579; tomb of, n. 413, 644.
MAUVAISES TERRES, Colorado plateau,
U.S.A., xxni. 799.
MAUVE, colour, n. 48.
MAUVISSIERE, Michel de Castelnau,
Sieur de la, French soldier and
diplomatist, v. 194.
MAVIS, bird, xxm. 321.
MAVOR, William, stenographer, XXI.834-
MAVROCORDATO, Constantine and
Nicholas, hospodars of Walachia, xxi.
1 8.
MAVROCORDATOS, Alexander, Greek
leader, XL 125.
MAVROMMATI, village, Greece, xvi. 52.
MAW, river, Wales, xvi. 38.
MAWACA, river, South America, XVII.
843-
MAXENTIUS, Marcus Aurelius Valerius,
Roman emperor, xv. 643; basilica of,
in. 414.
MAXIMA AND MINIMA, in mathematics,
xv. 643; XIIL 22; xxiv. 85.
MAXIMIANUS, Bishop, his sculptured
ivory throne, xxi. 556.
, Galerius Valerius, Roman emperor,
xv. 644; xx. 777; martyrdom of
Theban legion by, xv. 637.
-, Marcus Aurelius Valerius, Roman
emperor, xv. 644.
MAXIMILIAN I., emperor, xv. 644; x.
496.
II., emperor, XV. 645; X. 499.
, emperor of Mexico, XV. 645; XIIL
758; his death, IX. 625.
MAXIMILIANEUM, at Munich, xvn. 26.
MAXIMILLA, Montanist prophetess, xvi.
775-
MAXIMINUS, Caius Julius Verus,
Roman emperor, xv. 645.
, Galerius Valerius, Roman emperor,
xv. 645.
MAXIMS, La Rochefoucauld's, ix. 663;
xiv. 318.
MAXIMUS, St, abbot of Chrysopolis, XV.
646.
, Magnus Clemens, Roman emperor,
xv. 645; xxm. 258.
-, Marcus Clodius Pupienus, Roman
emperor, xv. 645.
-, Petronius, Roman emperor, xv.
646.
— , Terentius, pretender in Parthia,
xvin. 603,
MAXIMUS TYRANNUS, Roman emperor,
xv. 645.
MAXITE, mineral, xvi. 399.
MAXWELL, James Clerk, English physi
cist, xv. 646 ; his experiments on
compound colours, xvn. 802 ; his
theory of magnetic molecules, XV.
276; on viscosity, xix. 248; his work
on electricity and magnetism, vni.
15-
, Robert, on the husbandry of Scot
land, I. 302.
, Sir William Stirling-, Scottish man
of letters, xv. 647.
MAXWELLTOWN, town, Scotland, xiv.
98.
MAY, month, xv. 647.
, Cornells Jacobsen, director, New
Netherland, America, xvn. 454.
MAYAGUANA, island, West Indies, in.
236.
MAYANS Y SISCAR, Gregorio, Spanish
writer, XXII. 360.
MAYAPAN, ancient town, Central
America, xxiv. 758.
MAYAS, people, Central America, xn.
828; xxiv. 758; ancient traditions of,
xvi. 208.
MAYAVARAM, town, India, xxni. 47.
MAYBOLE, town, Scotland, xv. 648.
MAYBOROUGH, or Maybrough, England,
Cromlech at, xxi. 52; xxiv. 516.
MAY-DAY, xv. 648; in England, in time
of Shakespeare, XXI. 750.
MAYDOOM, Egypt, Picture of birds from,
XVIIL 2.
MAYENCE (Mainz, q.v.\ town, Hesse-
Darmstadt, Germany, xv. 305.
M A YENNE, department and town, France,
xv. 648.
-, Duke of, French prince, IX. 563.
MAYER, Johann Tobias, German astro
nomer, xv. 649 ; his tables, n. 760;
on lunar observations, xvn. 260; on
magnetism, XV. 236; his formula for
meridian transits, xxm. 516.
-, Julius Robert, German physicist,
xv. 649; on the mechanical equivalent
of heat, vni. 208.
, Mademoiselle, French painter, XX.
i.
MAYFLOWER, Landing of the, at Ply
mouth, U.S.A., xv. 615; xxni. 729.
MAY-FLY, insect, vni. 458.
MAYHEM, in law, xv. 649.
MAYKOP, town, Russia, xv. 650.
MAYNOOTH, village and college, Ireland,
xv. 650.
MAYO, county, Ireland, XV. 650; repre
sentation, xxni. 727.
, river, Africa, xvn. 496.
-, Earl of, governor-general of India,
xii. 811.
MAYO-KEBBI, valley, Soudan, Africa,
xxn. 277.
MAYON, mountain, Philippine Islands,
xvin. 748.
284
M A Y — M E D
MAYOR, head of a municipality, xvn. 27.
MAYOTTA, island, Comores, Africa, vi.
220.
MAYOW, John, his investigations on air,
v. 461.
MAY- POLE, xv. 648.
MAYPURES, cataracts, Orinoco river,
South America, xvn. 844.
MAYSVILLE, town, Kentucky, U.S.A.,
xv. 651.
MAYUD-UD-DlN, Tomb of, at Ajmir,
India, I. 434.
MAZACA, town, Cappadocia, Asia Minor,
v. 75.
MAZAGAN, town, Morocco, xvi. 831.
MAZAMET, town, France, xv. 651 ;
xxin. 65.
MAZANDARAN, province, Persia, xv.
651; xvm. 627.
MAZARIN, Jules, cardinal and French
statesman, xv. 651; IX. 569, 573; his
relations with Colbert, vi. 121; his
contentions with Conde, vi. 246; his
Spanish policy, xxn. 332.
BIBLE, in. 653.
MAZATLAN, town, Mexico, xv. 653.
MAZDAISM, or Zoroastrianism (q.v.),
religion of ancient Persia, xx. 360.
MAZE, in gardening, xiv. 180.
MAZEPPA, Ivan Stephanovitch, Cossack
chief, xv. 653; vi. 448; xxi. 97.
MAZER-WOOD, XL 338.
MAZORAH, town, Morocco, xvi. 834.
MAZOVIA, territory, Poland, xxiv. 375.
MAZURANIC, Ivan, Servian poet, xxi.
691.
MAZURS, race, Eussian Poland, xix. 309.
MAZZARA DEL VALLO, town, Sicily,
xv. 654.
MAZZINI, Giuseppe, Italian patriot,
xv. 654; xin. 486; xx. 806.
MAZZOLA, or Mazzuoli, Francesco
Maria (II Parmigiano), Italian painter,
xvm. 317; xxi. 437, 443.
MAZZUCHELLI, Count, Italian writer,
xin. 512.
MEACHAM, Joseph, Shaker leader, xxi.
737-
MEAD, beverage, xn. 137.
, Edward, English physician, XV.
811.
, Richard, English physician, xv.
656.
, William, English preacher, XVIII.
493-
MEADE, George G., American general,
xxiii. 790, 778.
MEADOW-GRASS, Culture of, i. 374.
MEADOWS, Irrigation of, i. 345, 349;
xin. 364, 367.
MEADOW SAFFRON, vi. 124.
MEADOW VALLEY MINES, Nevada,
U.S.A., xxin. 815.
MEADVILLE, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xv. 656.
MEAGRE, fish, xxiv. 738.
MEALS, in dietetics, vn. 209.
MEAL WORM, vi. 133.
MEALY MOUNTAINS, Canada, xx. 165.
MEANEE, India, Battle of (1843), xvn.
176.
MEAN TIME, xxin. 392.
MEAOU-TSZE (Miautse), Chinese tribe,
xvi. 223; v. 642.
MEARNS, or Kincardine, county, Scot
land, xiv. 78.
MEASLES, disease, xv. 657; xvm. 404;
in Polynesia, xix. 422.
, Beef and Pork, xxin. 52; xxiv.
206.
MEASURE, in arithmetic, n. 528.
, Musical, xvn. 81.
FOR MEASURE, Shakespeare's
play, XXI. 764; source of, X. 620.
MEASUREMENT, Geometrical, xv. 659,
630; x. 388.
MEASUREMENTS, Magnetic, xv. 237.
MEASURES AND WEIGHTS, xxiv. 478;
abbreviations of, I. 29.
MEASURING, Art of, or Mensuration,
xvi. 13.
MEAT, Poisonous, tainted, or diseased,
xv. 782.
, Preserved, xix. 707.
MEATH, county, Ireland, xv. 668; re
presentation, xxin. 727.
, kingdom of, Ireland, xxiv. 513.
MEAUX, town, France, xv. 669.
MECANIQUE ANALYTIQUE, Lagrange's
work, xiv. 208.
MECANIQUE CELESTE, Laplace's work,
xiv. 301.
MECARINO (Domenico Beccafumi),
Italian painter, in. 476.
MECCA, town, Arabia, xv. 669; xvi.
545> 559, 569, 57i ; pilgrimage to,
xix. 93.
PILGRIMS, Quarantine of, xx. 155.
MECHABBEROTH, poems by Emanuel
b. Salomon, vin. 157.
MECHANICAL ARTS, 11. 639; their rela
tion to the fine arts, IX. 198.
MECHANICAL LABOUR, xiv. 166.
MECHANICAL SCHOOL, of medicine,
xv. 8 10.
MECHANICS, xv. 676 (contents, 749);
applied, xv. 750.
MECHANICS' INSTITUTES, Founders of,
in. 779.
MECHANICS' LIEN, in law, xiv. 570.
MECHANISM, Lotze's use of the word,
xv. 13.
MECHITHAR DA PIETRO, founder of
Mechitharists, XV. 774.
MECHITHARISTS, Armenian monks,
xv. 774.
MECHLIN, town, Belgium, xv. 774; lace
of, xiv. 1 88; Van Dyck's Crucifixion
in cathedral, xxiv. 62.
MECHTHILD, of Magdeburg, mediaeval
mystic, xvn. 132.
MECKEL, Johann Friedrich, German
anatomist, I. 814, 816; xxiv. 808; on
evolution, VIII. 750.
MECKLENBURG, territory, Germany,
xv. 774.
MECKLENBURG - SCHWERIN, grand-
duchy, Germany, xv. 774.
MECKLENBURG - STRELITZ, grand-
duchy, Germany, XV. 774.
MECONIUM, or Opium, xvn. 787.
MEDALLIONS, in Japanese art, xin.
591.
MEDALS, in numismatics, xvn. 630;
Italian, xvn. 657.
MEDANOS, sandhills, Peru, xvin. 670.
MEDEA, in Greek legend, xv. 776; n.
497; xxiii. 294; myth of, xv. 202.
, play by Euripides, vin. 675.
, opera by Cherubini, v. 587.
MEDECIN MALGR£ Lui, MolR-re's play,
xvi. 629.
MEDEE, Corneille's play, vi. 420.
MEDEENET-HABOO,\Egypt, Temples at,
vii. 780.
MEDELLIN, town, Colombia, South
America, xv. 777.
MEDES, ancient Asiatic nation, xvin.
561.
MEDFORD, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
xv. 777.
MEDHURST, Walter Henry, English
missionary, XV. 777.
MEDIA, ancient country, Western Asia,
in. 185; xvin. 561, 586, 592; under
Cyrus, vi. 752.
MEDIAN APPLE, fruit, xvn. 810.
MEDICAL ACTS, xv. 798.
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, xv. 778; in
relation to poisons, xix. 275.
MEDICAL RELIEF, Poor Law, xix.
477-
MEDICEO - LAURENZIANA LIBRARY,
Florence, Italy, xiv. 530, 548.
MEDICI, House of, Italian noble family,
xv- 783, 7945 xin. 479; genealogical
table of, XV. 794 ; Michelangelo's
statues of the, xvi. 233.
, Alessandro dei (Pope Leo XL),
xiv. 452.
, Alessandro dei, ruler of Florence,
xv. 788.
-, Bicci dei, Florentine noble, xv.
784.
, Catherine dei, wife of Henry II.
of France, XI. 670; her influence on
France, IX. 556.
, Cosimo dei, the Elder, ruler of
Florence, XV. 784.
, Cosimo dei, grand-duke of Tus
cany, xv. 789.
, Francesco dei, grand-duke of Tus
cany, xv. 791.
, Giovanni Angelo (Pope Pius IV.),
xix. 153.
-, Giovanni dei (Pope Leo X.), xiv.
450; xv. 787.
-, Giovanni dei, Florentine banker,
xv. 784.
, Giovanni dei (Delle Bande Nere),
Italian soldier, xv. 787.
M E D — M E K
285
MEDICI, Giuliano del, Florentine noble,
xv. 785.
, Giuliano dei, duke of Nemours, ;
XV. 787.
, Giulio dei (Pope Clement VII.), v.
822; xv. 787.
, Ippolito dei, cardinal, XV. 788.
, Lorenzino dei, Florentine noble,
xv. 788.
, Lorenzo dei, ruler of Florence, XV.
785; xm. 480; his influence on Italian
literature, xm. 507; in relation to the
Renaissance, XX. 388; his relations
with Savonarola, xxi. 334; Roscoe's
Life of, xx. 849.
, Mary dei, wife of Henry IV. of
France, ix. 566.
— , Piero dei, ruler of Florence, xv.
785.
, Pietro dei, ruler of Florence, xv.
786; his relations with Savonarola,
XXL 335.
, Salvestro dei, Florentine noble,
xv. 783.
MEDICINAL EARTH, of Lemnos, xiv.
436.
MEDICINE, xv. 794 (embracing syn
optical view, 794, and history, 799);
academies of, I. 77; faculty of, in uni
versities, xxiil. 833; forensic, xv.
778; homoeopathic theory of, XII.
126; parasitism in, xvni. 269; Hindu
works on, xxi. 294; Hippocrates's
works on, XL 853; Paracelsus's teach
ings, xvni. 235; medical societies,
xxii. 226.
MEDICINE-MAN, of North-American
Indians, xv. 200.
MEDICINES, of the pharmacopoeia, xvni.
730-
MEDINA, town, Arabia, xv. 817; xvi.
552, 588; pilgrimages to, xix. 93.
— , river, Isle of Wight, England,
xxiv. 562.
, Pedro de, writer on navigation,
xvii. 252.
CELI, Duke of, Spanish minister,
xxii. 333.
— DEL CAMPO, town, Spain, xxiv.
43-
-DE RIOSECO, town, Spain, xxiv.
43-
— SIDONIA, town, Spain, xv. 819.
— SIDONIA, Duke of, commander of
Spanish Armada, II. 543.
MEDINE, town, Senegal, Africa, xxi.
660.
MEDINET-EL-FEIYOOM, town, Egypt,
vii. 774.
MEDINET-HABU, Egypt, Temples at, vn.
780.
MEDIOLANUM (Saintes), ancient town,
France, xxi. 167.
(Milan), ancient town, Italy, xvi.
290.
MEDIOMATRICA (Metz), ancient town,
France, xvi. 204.
MEDITATIONS, of Marcus Aurelius, in.
C?Q
OO.
— ON PHILOSOPHY, Descartes's work,
vn. 119.
MEDITERRANEAN SEA, xv. 819;
Ptolemy's geography of, XX. 94; birds
of, III. 755; fishes, XII. 679.
MEDIUMS, Spiritualistic, vii. 63; xxii.
405.
MEDJIDIA, town, Roumaiiia, vn. 309.
MEDLAR, tree and fruit, xv. 824; xn.
271.
MEDOC, district, France, xv. 824; wine
of, xxiv. 604.
MEDO-PERSIAN EMPIRE, XVIIL 561.
MEDRICEN, mausoleum in Algeria, n.
419.
MEDULLA OBLONGATA, xix. 35;
anatomy of, I. 870.
MEDULLARY RAYS, in plants, iv. 102.
MEDUM, or Meydoom, Egypt, Pyramids
Of, VII. 773; II. 386; XX. 122, 124.
MEDUSA, of Greek legend, x. 785; XVIIL
560.
MEDUSAE, group of Hydrozoa, xii. 547,
550; cellular tissue of, xii. 9; organs
of touch in, xxi 1 1. 478; phosphor
escence of, XVIIL 814.
MEDVYEDITSA, river, Russia, xxi. 74.
MEDWAY, river, England, xiv. 37.
M EDWIN, Captain, friend of Shelley,
xxi. 792.
MEDYN, town, Russia, xv. 824.
MEECHING (Newhaven), ancient town,
England, xvii. 393.
MEER, Jan van der, Dutch painter, xv.
824.
MEERANE,.town, Saxony, xv. 825.
MEERMAN, Gerardus, on type-making,
XXIIL 692.
MEERSCHAUM, mineral, xv. 825, 217;
xvi. 414; pipes made of, xix. in.
MEERUT, division and district, India,
xv. 825; xvii. 572; town, xv. 826.
MEESTER CORNELIS, town, Java, xm.
606.
MEGABASITE, mineral, xvi. 403.
MEGABYZUS, Persian general, xvni.
574-
MEGACEPHALON, genus of birds, xv.
828.
MEGACHIROPTERA, suborder of mam
mals, xv. 409.
MEGACLES, Athenian ruler, xix. 130.
MEGADERMA, genus of bats, xv. 411.
MEGGER A, one of the Furies, vm. 524.
MEGALITHIC AGE, n. 338.
MEGALITHIC REMAINS, xxi. 50 ; in
Morocco, xvi. 834.
MEGALOPOLIS, ancient town, Greece,
xv. 826.
MEGALOPOLITANS, Demosthenes's ora
tion against the, vii. 69.
MEGALOPTERA, group of insects, xm.
151.
MEGALOSAURUS, genus of reptiles, xx.
443-
MEGAMASTICTORA, division of sponges,
xxii. 421.
MEGAPODE, family of birds, xv. 827.
MEGAPTERA, genus of cetacean mam
mals, xv. 395; xxiv. 524.
MEGARA, town, Greece, xv. 828; plain,
in. 59.
MEGASCLERES, group of sponges, xxii.
416.
MEGASCOLIDES, genus of worms, xxiv.
678.
MEGASTHENES, Greek traveller in
India, XII. 786, 787.
MEGATHERIID^:, family of fossil
edentate mammals, xv. 384.
MEGATHERIUM, extinct edentate mam
mal, xv. 829, 385.
MEGE-MOURIES, his process of making
butter, IV. 592.
MEGERLIN (Abraham a Sancta Clara),
German satirist, I. 55; x. 531.
MEGHADUTA, Sanskrit poem, xm. 829.
MEGHNA, river, India, xv. 830; xvii.
524.
MEGIDDO, plain, Palestine, xvni. 171.
MEGILLATH ANTIOKHOS, Midrash, xvi.
286.
MEGILLATH TAANITH, Midrash, xvi.
286.
MEGISTANES, order of birds, xvm. 44.
M EH ADI A, town, Hungary, xv. 830.
MEHEDIA, town, Tunis, XXIIL 620.
MEHEMET ALI, ruler of Egypt, vn. 760;
ix. 621; XXIIL 649; his expedition
against the Arabs, n. 260.
MEHLSACK TOWER, Ravensburg, Ger
many, xx. 297.
MEHUL, Etienne Henri, French musical
composer, xv. 831; as symphonist,
xvii. 97.
MEIBOM, Heimich, German historian,
xv. 831.
MEIKLE, Andrew, inventor of thrashing
machine, I. 325; xx. 402.
MEINBERG, spa, Germany, xvi. 435.
MEINHARD, prince of Tyrol, XXIIL
712.
MEININGEN, town, Germany, xv. 831;
xxi. 348.
MEIONITE, mineral, xvi. 412.
MEIRUN, town, Palestine, x. 28.
MEISSEN, town, Saxony, xv. 831.
, Mark of, Saxony, XXL 352.
, Heinrich von, German poet, ix.
727.
— PORCELAIN, xix. 639.
MEISTERSANGER, German, x. 526;
guilds of, xvii. 83.
MEISTERSINGER VON NURNBERG,
Wagner's opera, xxiv. 316.
MEJERDA, river, Tunis, XXIIL 619.
MEKHILTO, piece of Mishnic literature,
xvi. 507.
ME-KLONG, or Maykaloung, town, Siam,
xxi. 853; river, xxi. 850.
MEKNES, or Mequinez, town, Morocco,
xvi. 29, 830.
286
M E K — M E N
MEKONG, river, South -Eastern Asia, xv.
8.32; iv. 725; vi. 94; XXL 152, 851.
MEKRAN, district, Baluchistan, in.
301.
MELA, Pomponius, Latin geographer,
xv. 832.
MELACONITE, mineral, xvi. 385 ; vi.
347-
MELAMPODIDJE, Greek race, xvn.
320.
MELAMPUS, on ph}rsiognomy, xix. 4.
MELANCHOLIA, disease, xm. 104.
MELANCHTHON, Philip, German Re
former, xv. 833; xx. 327; on education,
vii. 673; his relations with Luther,
xv. 82.
MELANERPES, genus of birds, xxiv.
652.
MELANESIA, island groups, South
Pacific Ocean, xv. 835 ; xix. 418;
myths of the natives, xvii. 148.
MELANIA, Roman matron, friend of
Rufinus, xxi. 55.
MELANITE, mineral, xvi. 411.
MELANOCHROIC TYPE, of man, n. 113;
in Asia, 11. 696.
MELANOCORYPHA, genus of birds, xiv.
316; xv. 467.
MELANOSIS, disease, XVIIL 402.
MELANOSPERME^E, suborder of Alga?, i.
508.
MELANTERITE, mineral, xvi. 401.
MELAPHYRE, rock, x. 235.
MEL ASS A, town, Asia Minor, V. 103.
MELBOURNE, town, Victoria, Australia,
xv. 835; in. 114; library of, xiv.
550; observatory, xvn. 716; telescope
in observatory, xxm. 147; university,
xxin. 856; xxiv. 218.
, Second Viscount, English states
man, xv. 838; vin. 366.
MELCHIADES, pope, xv. 839.
MELCHITES, sect of the Greek Church,
xv. 839; xx. 631.
MELCHIZEDEK, of Scripture xv. 839.
MELCOMBE REGIS, town, England, xxiv.
522.
MELDE'S EXPERIMENTS, on vibrating
strings, I. 112.
MELDI, tribe, Gaul, xv. 669.
MELEAGER of Gadara, Greek antho
logist, ii. 103.
MELEAGRINA MARGARITIFERA, pearl
oyster, XVIII. 446; shell of, xvn. 2.
MELEAGRIS, genus of birds, xix. 646;
xxin. 657.
MELECH, Semitic divinity, xxm. 237.
MELEDA, island, Adriatic Sea, xv. 840.
MELEGUETA PEPPER, drug, XL 36.
MELENDEZ VALDES, Juan, Spanish
poet, xv. 839.
MELES, genus of carnivorous mammals,
xv. 440.
, river, Smyrna, Asia Minor, xxil.
187.
MELESIGENES, name for Homer, xn.
109.
MELETIAN SCHISM, of early church,
xm. 630.
MELFI, town, Italy, xv. 840.
•, Duke of, Austrian general, XVI.
778.
MELGHAT, district, India, vm. 148.
MELIA, genus of trees, xvm. 519.
MELIADUS, in Arthurian romance, xx.
648.
M ELI AN EARTH, pigment, xv. 841.
MELILLA, town, Morocco, xvi. 830.
MELIN^E, subfamily of carnivorous
mammals, xv. 439.
MELINOPHANE, mineral, xvi. 418.
MELISSA, wife of Periander, xvm. 528.
MELISSUS, Eleatic philosopher, vm. 2.
MELITA, island, Mediterranean Sea, xv.
840, 341.
MELITE, Corneille's work, vi. 420.
MELITENE, district, Cappadocia, Asia
Minor, v. 75.
, town, Asia Minor, xv. 320.
MELITHREPTUS, genus of birds, xxiv.
824.
MELITO, bishop of Sardes, Christian
apologist, xv. 840; on the canon, v. 6.
MELITOPOL, town, Russia, xxm. 83.
MELIZOPHILUS, genus of birds, xxiv.
553-
M ELK ART, or Melkarth, the Tyrian
Hercules, ill. 175; xvm. 803; temple
of, at Tyre, xxm. 711.
MELLIFONT, Ireland, Abbey of, xv.
3i5-
MELLILITE, mineral, xvi. 412.
MELLITE, mineral, xvi. 428.
MELLIVORA, genus of carnivorous
mammals, XX. 288.
MELLO, Fontes Pereira de, Portuguese
statesman, xix. 554.
MELLON I, Macedoiiio, Italian physicist,
xv. 840.
MELO, Francisco Manuel de, Spanish
historian, xxil. 359.
MELOCACTUS, group of Cactacens, iv.
625.
MELODEON, musical instrument, xvn.
1 06.
MELODISTS, Greek hymn-writers, XII.
580.
MELODY, in music, xvn. 77.
MELOLONTHA VULGARIS, wheat pest,
xxiv. 536.
MELON, plant and fruit, xv. 841; xn.
271; of Nusrabad, Persia, xvm. 624.
MELONITE, mineral, xvi. 393.
MELON-THISTLE CACTUS, plant, iv.
625.
MELONYCTERIS, genus of bats, xv. 410.
MELORIA, Italy, Battle of (1284), xix.
120.
MELOS, island, JSgean Sea, xv. 841.
MELPOMENE, Muse of tragedy, xvn.
74-
MELROSE, town, Scotland, xv. 842;
architecture of abbey, II. 429.
MELTIADES (Melchiades), pope, xv. 839.
MELTING OF METAL, for castings, ix.
481.
MELTON MOWBRAY, town, England,
xv. 842.
MELUN, town, France, xv. 842.
MELUSINA, Legend of, xvi. 40.
MELVILLE, Viscount, Scottish politician,
xv. 843.
, Andrew, Scottish scholar and Re
former, xv. 843; xxi. 506; supporter
of Presbyterianism, XIX. 68 1.
, George John AYhyte, Scottish
novelist, xv. 844.
, Sir James, Scottish statesman,
xxi. 505.
, James, Scottish poet, XXI. 542.
, Lake, Labrador, North America,
xiv. 175.
MELVILL VAN CARNBEE, Pieter, Baron,
Dutch geographer, xv. 844.
MEMEL, town, Germany, xv. 845.
MEMLING, Hans, Flemish painter, xv.
845-
MEMLOOKS, or Mamelukes, sultans and
beys of Egypt, xv. 346; vii. 756;
massacre of, vii. 762, 764; defeat of,
by the Turks, xxm. 643.
MEMMI, Lippo, Italian painter, xv. 585.
-, Simon (Simone Martini), Italian
painter, xv. 585.
MEMMINGEN, town, Bavaria, xv. 846.
MEMNON, of ancient mythology, xv.
847; vocal statue of, n. 390; vn. 779.
-, Rhodian general, xv. 140; xvm.
581.
MEMNONIA, Greek mortuary establish
ments, xvii. 20.
MEMNONIUM, temple, Egypt, vn. 779;
n. 390; xv. 847.
MEMONS, Indian Moslem class, xn. 746.
MEMORABILIA, Xenophon's work, xxiv.
721.
MEMORY, in psychology, xx. 47, 60;
loss of, in aphasia, II. 171; mnemonics,
xvi. 532.
MEMPHIS, ancient town, Egypt, .xv. 847;
vii. 770 ; Alexander's sacrifice and
triumph at, I. 482; mummies of, xvn.
21.
, town, Tennessee, U.S.A., xv. 847.
MEMPHITIC, Egyptian dialect, vi. 355.
MENA, Juan de, Spanish poet, xvi. r;
xxn. 355.
MENAGE, Gilles, French scholar, xvi. i;
I. 784; IX. 657; ana of, I. 784.
MENAI STRAITS, Wales, Bridges across,
iv. 334; xx. 234.
ME-NAM, river, Siam, xxi. 850.
MENANDER, Greek poet, xvi. 2.
, Indo-Scythian king, xiv. 227;
xvm. 599.
, Syrian. Gnostic, X. 703.
PROTECTOR, Byzantine historian,
iv. 612.
MENANGKABAU, ancient principality,
Sumatra, xxn. 639.
MEN-AT-ARMS, 11. 568.
M E N — M E E
287
MENCIUS, Chinese sage, xvi. 3.
MENDANA, Alvaro de, Spanish navi
gator, x. 185; discoverer of Solomon
Islands, xxn. 253.
ISLANDS (Marquesas), South
Pacific, xv. 564.
MENDEL, David (August Neander),
German church, historian, xvn. 304.
MENDELSSOHN, Dorothea, wife of
Friedrich Schlegel, xxi. 409.
, Felix, German musical composer,
xvi. 6; as symphonist, xvn. 97.
, Moses, German- Jewish philo
sopher, xvi. 9; x. 534; xni. 680; xiv.
479; his controversy with Jacobi,
xill. 537.
MENDERE, river, Turkey in Asia, xxin.
578.
MENDES, Gongalo, chancellor of Portu
gal, xix. 541.
MENDESIAN GOAT, Egyptian divinity,
vn. 717.
MENDIBURU, General, Peruvian historio
grapher, xvin. 675.
MENDICANT FRIARS, i. 21; xvi. 710.
MENDICANTS, Buddhist order of, iv.
434-
MENDIP HILLS, Somerset, England,
xxii. 257.
MENDIPITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
MENDOWG, king of the Lithuanians,
xiv. 702.
MENDOZA, town, Argentine republic,
xvi. 9.
, Antonio de, Spanish governor,
Mexico, xvi. 219.
, Antonio de, Peruvian viceroy,
xviii. 677.
, Diego de, Spanish ruler in Siena,
xxii. 42.
, Diego Hurtado de, Spanish poet
and historian, XVI. 9; XXII. 357, 359.
, liiigo Lopez de, marquis of Santil-
lana, Spanish poet, xxi. 300.
, Pedro de, his discoveries in South
America, II. 489.
MENDRISIO, town, Switzerland, xxm.
351-
MENEC, France, Menhirs at, v. 118;
xxi. 51.
MENEGHINITE, mineral, xvi. 395.
MENELAUS, in Greek legend, xvi. 10.
, Greek astronomer, xx. 88.
— , Jewish high priest, xni. 421.
MENES, king of Egypt, vn. 731.
MENESTHEI PORTUS, of Ptolemy, Spain,
xx. 99.
MENEVILLE, Guerin, on silkworm
disease, XXII. 59.
MENEZES, F. Xavier de, Portuguese
historian, XIX. 557.
MENGKA, town, Formosa, China, ix.
417.
MENGO, Jerome, his Exorcist's Manual,
vn. 62.
MENGOTTI, Count Francesco, Italian
economist, xix. 363.
MENGS, Antony Raphael, German
painter, xvi. 10.
MENHADEN, fish, xvi. 10; oil from,
xvii. 747.
MENHIRS, ancient stone monuments, II.
383; iv. 118; xxi. 51.
MENIERE'S DISEASE, Use of salicylate
of sodium in treatment of, XXI. 217.
MENILEK, son of the queen of Sheba, I.
65.
MENILITE, mineral, xvi. 390.
MENIN, town, Belgium, xvi. 11.
MENINGITIS, disease, xvi. n.
MENIPPEAN SATIRES, of Varro, xxiv.
93-
MENIPPEE, Satire, in French literature,
ix. 655.
MENKARA, Egyptian, king, vn. 733;
mummy of, XVII. 21; pyramid of, XX.
123.
MENKAURA, or Menkara, king of Egypt,
VII. 733; mummy of, XVII. 21; pyra
mid of, xx. 123.
MENNONITES, Christian sect, xvi. 11;
i. 787.
MENNO SIMONS, founder of the Men-
nonites, XVI. n; III. 354.
MENO, dialogue of Plato, xix. 197.
MENOBRANCHUS, genus of Amphibia,
i. 756.
MENODONTID^E, fossil ungulate mam
mals, xv. 429.
MENOMINEE, river, Wisconsin, "U.S.A.,
xii. 831; xvi. 340.
MENOMINEES, American-Indian tribe,
xii. 831.
MENOPOMA, genus of Amphibia, I.
759-
MENORATH HAMMAOR, Midrash, xvi.
288.
MENOTTI, Giro, Italian politician, xni.
486.
MENPTAH, king of Egypt, vn. 739;
tomb of, at Thebes, xxin. 622.
MENSHIKOFF, Alexander Danilovich,
favourite of Peter the Great of Russia,
xvi. 12; xxi. 98.
, Alexander Sergeievich, Russian
general, xvi. 13.
MENSTRUATION, xx. 408.
MENSURATION, xvi. 13.
MENTAL ALIENATION, xni. 95; xv.
780.
MENTAL ASSOCIATION, n. 730.
MENTAL DISEASES, xni. 95.
MENTAL POWERS, of man, n. 109.
MENTAL RESERVATION, xiv. 638.
MENTAL SCIENCE, xx. 37.
MENTAL WORK, Diet for, vn. 204.
MENTAPOK, mountains, North Borneo,
xxi. 123.
MENTAWEI ISLANDS, Sumatra, xxn.
638, 639.
MENTEITH, district, Scotland, xvin.
667.
MENTELIN, Johan, early German printer,
xxin. 688.
MENTHA, genus of plants, xvi. 491;
xvin. 517.
MENTHOL, drug, xvin. 518.
MENTHON, spa, France, xxi. 332.
MENTON, or Mentone, town, France,
xvi. 28.
MENTOR, Persian satrap, xvin. 580.
MENTU, Egyptian divinity, vn. 716.
MENTZ (Mainz, q.v.), town, Hesse-Darm
stadt, Germany, xv. 305.
MENURA, genus of birds, xv. 115.
MENVID, Eric, king of Denmark, XI.
450.
MENZEL, Wolfgang, German poet and
historian, XVI. 29.
MENZELEH, lake, Egypt, vn. 709.
MENZELINSK, town, Russia, xxin.
717.
MENZIES, Michael, inventor of a thrash
ing-machine, i. 302.
MEPHISTOPHELES, xvi. 29.
MEPHITIS, genus of carnivorous mam
mals, xxn. 126.
MEPHITISM, Death from, xv. 781.
ME-PlNG, river, Siam, xxi. 850.
MEQUINEZ, town, Morocco, xvi. 29,
830.
MERAGHA, or Maragha (q.v.\ town,
Persia, XV. 525.
MERAN, town, Tyrol, Austria, xvi. 29.
MERAPI, volcano, Sumatra, xxii. 638.
MERAWI, town, Ethiopia, xvi. 40.
MERCANTILE MARINE, Laws affecting
seamen of the, xxi. 605 ; its connexion
with the navy, xvii. 289, 290.
MERCANTILE SYSTEM, in economics,
xix. 354.
MERCATOR, Gerardus, Belgian geo
grapher, xvi. 30; xv. 520; his contri
butions to cartography, xvii. 253;
globes constructed by, X. 68 1.
•, Romoldus, his contributions to
cartography, XVII. 253.
MERCATOR'S PROJECTION, in maps, x.
208.
MERCEDARIO, mountain, Chili, v. 616.
MERCEDES, town, Uruguay, xxiv. 15.
MERCHANDISE MARKS ACT (1887),
xxin. 498.
MERCHANT ADVENTURERS, Company,
xxi. 826.
MERCHANTMEN, The, Aristophanes' s
phy, n. 509.
MERCHANT SEAMEN, Laws affecting,
xxi. 605.
MERCHANTS OF THE STEELYARD,
London, xxn. 528.
MERCHANT TAYLOR'S SCHOOL, London,
xiv. 835.
MERCHISTON, Napiers of, Scottish
family, xvn. 177.
MERCIA, ancient kingdom, England,
vin. 270, 282.
MERCURE DE FRANCE, Paris news
paper, xvn. 424.
MERCURIAL AIR-PUMP, xvi. 30; xix.
246.
288
M E E — M E S
MERCURIAN, Eberliard, general of the
Jesuits, xill. 653.
MERCURIUS, early English newspapers
of the name, xvn. 414.
(Pope John II.), xill. 710.
MERCURY, Roman god (the Greek
Hermes), xvi. 31; xi. 749.
— , metal, xvi. 31, 382; as chemical
element, V. 527; cyanide of, XX. 23;
ores of, xvi. 58; spectrum of, xxn.
376; sulphide of, native, V. 785; sur
face tension of, v. 65 ; production
of, in U.S.A., xxill. 816; use of, for
barometers, ill. 381; use of, in medi
cine, xvi. 34; in thermoinetry, XI.
564.
— , planet, II. 777, 782, 790.
MANOMETER, xv. 495.
VAPOUR, Temperature of, XX.
MERENRA, Egyptian king, Mummy of,
xvn. 22.
MEREWINGS (Merovingians), Frankish
dynasty, IX. 528; x. 477.
MERGANSER, bird, xvi. 35.
MERGUI, district and town, British
Burmah, xvi. 36.
MERGUS, genus of birds, xvi. 35.
MERIAN, Madame, on the luminosity of
the lantern-fly, xiv. 290.
MERICI, Angela de, founder of the
Ursuline order, xvi. 712; xxiv. 14.
MERIDA, town, Spain, xvi. 36; xxn.
307-
, town, Venezuela, xxiv. 139, 140.
— , town, Yucatan, Mexico, xvi. 36,
214; population, xxiv. 758.
MERIDEN, town, Connecticut, U.S.A.,
xvi. 37.
MERIDIAN, in astronomy, 1 1. 764.
, in geography, x. 198 ; measure
ment of arc of, II. 792 ; VII. 597 ;
measurement of direction of, X. 165.
, First, of different map-makers, xv.
521.
, Magnetic, xv. 220, 235.
ALTITUDES, Observation of, at sea,
xvii. 268.
— CIRCLE, astronomical instrument,
xxni. 515.
MERIDIANS, Convergency of, in survey
ing, xxn. 706.
MERIDIONAL LINE, Division of, for
chart-making, XVII. 254.
MERIMEE, Prosper, French novelist and
archaeologist, xvi. 37.
MERINOS, Rabbi (Rabbi Jonah), Jewish
philologist, xm. 737.
MERINO SHEEP, Spanish breed, xxn.
300; introduced into England by
George III., I. 303; wool of, xxiv.
655.
MERIONETH, county, Wales, xvi. 38;
representation, XXIII. 727.
MERISTEM, formative tissue of plants,
xii. 14.
MERLIN, bird, ix. 3.
MERLIN (Myrdhinn), Welsh bard, II.
650; V. 318.
, in Arthurian romance, XX. 645.
BRITANNICUS, on physiognomy,
xix. 5.
MERLUCCIUS, genus of fishes, xi. 378.
MERMAIDS, in popular mythology, xvi.
39-
MERMAIDS' PURSES, egg-cases of dog
fish, vii. 332.
MERMEN, in popular mythology, xvi.
39-
MERMIS, genus of nematode worms,
xvu. 325.
MERMNAD, dynasty of Lydian kings,
XL 347.
MERODACH, Assyrian divinity, xxni.
237-
MEROE, town, Ethiopia, xvi. 40.
MEROGENESIS, bud - formation, in
growth of organisms, xii. 555; xxiv.
183-
MEROM, Waters of, Palestine, xni. 746.
MEROSTOMATA, division of Crustacea,
vi. 662.
MEROVINGIAN KINGS, Frankish dyn
asty, ix. 528; x. 477.
MEROVINGIAN WRITING, xvm. 157.
MERREM, Blasius, on birds, xvin. 19;
on reptiles, XX. 436.
MERRETT, Christopher, on birds, xvm.
4-
MERRIMAC, river, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
xv. 6n.
MERSE, district, Scotland, in. 612.
MERSEBURG, town, Germany, xvi. 41.
MERSENNE, Marin, French philosopher
and musician, xvn. 88; xxni. 520;
correspondent of Descartes, vii. 116.
MERSEY, river, England, xiv. 252, 712;
tunnel under, xxni. 623.
, river, Nova Scotia, xvii. 601.
MERSINA, town, Cilicia, Asia Minor, v.
777-
MERSWIN, Rulmann, German mystic,
xvn. 133, 486.
MERTHYR TYDFIL (or TYDVIL), town,
Wales, xvi. 41.
MERTON, England, Synod of (1255),
vin. 373.
— COLLEGE, Oxford, xvin. 97.
MERTVY KULTUK, bay, Caspian Sea,
v. 177.
MERU, Aryan paradise, Central Asia,
XVIII. 102.
, mountain, Eastern Africa Xiv. 73.
, or Merv, town, Central Asia, xvi.
41; xxni. 512.
MERULA, genus of birds, xxni. 322.
MERV, town, Central Asia, xvi. 41;
xxni. 512; wall of Antiochus at,
xvin. 587.
MERVEILLE, La, abbey, Mont St Michel,
France, xvi. 797.
MERWA, hill, Mecca, xv. 674.
MERWAN I., caliph, xvi. 569.
II., caliph, xvi. 576.
MERYON, Charles, French etcher, xvi.
44-
, Charles Lewis, physician, bio
grapher of Lady Hester Stanhope,
xxn. 450.
MESAA, plant, Arabia, n. 236.
MESATIS, settlement, Greece, xvin.
410.
MESCHERYAKS, or Meschers, people,
Russia, xvi. 45; xxi. 115.
MESCHOVSK, town, Russia, xvi. 46.
MESEMBRYANTHEMUM, plant, xii. 263.
MESENE, kingdom, Mesopotamia, xvi.
5i-
MESHA, king of Moab, xni. 407; xvi.
534; Hebrew inscription of, XXI. 645.
MESHECH, of Scripture, xni. 593.
MESHED, town, Persia, xvi. 46; xvin.
618, 626, 628; pilgrimages to, Xix. 93.
MESHED-ALI, town, Asiatic Turkey,
xvi. 46.
MESHHED-HOSEIN (Kerbela), town,
Asiatic Turkey, xiv. 48.
MESHIHA-ZEKHA, Syriac writer, xxn.
838.
MESHIK, mountains, Transcaucasia,
Russia, xxni. 513.
MESHRAAT AL-KsiRi, town, Morocco,
xvi, 832.
MESIHI, Turkish poet, xxni. 656.
MESJID-I-JUMA, Mosque of, Herat,
Afghanistan, XI. 714.
MESMER, Friedrich Anton, founder of
mesmerism, xv. 277.
MESMERISM, xv. 277; n. 505; Harriet
Martineau on, XV. 584.
MESNE PROCESS, in law, xix. 789.
MESNEVI, Turkish poem, xxni. 656.
MESOBLAST, layer of tissue in animal
embryo, II. 51; vin. 747; xxil. 106.
MESOLA, town, Greece, xvi. 53.
MESOLITE, mineral, xvi. 423.
MESOLONGHI, or Missolonghi, town,
Greece, xvi. 524.
MESOPLODON, genus of cetacean mam
mals, xv. 397.
MESOPOTAMIA, country, Western Asia,
xvi. 47; in. 183; xxni. 653.
, Parthian kingdom of, xvin. 592.
MESOSTATES, in physiology, xix. 19.
MESOTHERIUM, fossil ungulate mam
mal, xv. 427.
MESOWAH (Massowah), town on Red
Sea, xv. 619.
MESOZOIC PERIOD, Mammals of, xv.
375-
MESOZOIC ROCKS, x. 352.
MESPILA, ancient town, Mesopotamia,
xvi. 868.
MESPILUS, genus of trees, xv. 824.
MESQUES, mountains, Transcaucasia,
Russia, xxni. 513.
MESSA, town, Morocco, xvi. 831.
MESSALA CORVINUS, friend and patron
of Tibullus, xxni. 348.
MESSALIANS, Eastern ascetics, xvi.
701.
M E S — M E T
289
MESSALINA, wife of the emperor
Claudius, v. 817; xvii. 348.
MESSANA, or Messina, town, Sicily, xvi.
56; xxn. 20, 31.
MESSAPIANS, ancient Italian people,
Xlll. 443; their language, xiv. 327.
MESSARIA, plain, Cyprus, vi. 747.
MESSCHERT, Willem, Dutch poet, xn.
97-
MESSEDAGLIA, Angelo, Italian econo
mist, xix. 394.
MESSEIX, coal-mines, France, xx. 120.
MESSENE, ancient town, Greece, xvi.
52; coins of, xvn. 643.
MESSENIA, state, Greece, xvi. 52.
MESSENIUS, Johannes, Swedish drama
tist, xxii. 754.
MESSIAH, xvi. 53, 315; xin. 657; ques
tion of his identity with Isaiah's Ser
vant of Jehovah, xin. 382.
, Handel's oratorio, XL 436.
, Klopstock's poem, x. 535 ; xiv.
109.
MESSIAHS, False, in ist century, xxn.
78, 80.
MESSINA, town, Sicily, xvi. 56; xxii.
20, 31.
, Straits of, Sicily, xxn. 29.
MESSIRAS, African race, v. 281.
MESTA, La, Spanish corporation, xxn.
334-
MESTIZO, issue of white and Negro or
Indian, xvn. 319; II. 494.
MESUA, Arabic physician, XV. 805.
META, river, South America, xvn. 844.
METABOLISM, physiological process,
xix. 13, 49; of tissues and glands,
XVII. 679, 682; in plants, xix. 49.
, Diseases of, xvm. 385.
METACENTRE, in hydrostatics, xn.
443-
METACHIRUS, group of marsupial mam
mals, xvn. 796.
METALLIC BEETLE, vi. 132.
METALLOIDS, x. 222; spectra of, xxii.
375-
METALLURGY, xvi. 57; of lead, xiv.
375; Plattner's contributions to, Xix.
213.
METALS, xvi. 63; x. 222; alloys of, i.
588; elasticity of, vil. 800; electric
conductivity of, vill. 51; expansions
of, XI. 582; extraction of, from their
ores, xvi. 57; paramagnetic and dia-
magnetic, xv. 263; spectra of, xxn.
375; strengths of, vil. 816; structure
of, xvi. 63; transmutation of, I. 461.
METAL-WORK, xvi. 71; niello, xvn.
494; in plate, Xix. 178; Japanese,
xin. 591; ancient Mexican, xvi. 213;
Venetian, xxiv. 156.
METAMORPHIC ROCKS, x. 263, 314,
372.
METAMORPHOSES, of Apuleius, n. 215.
, Ovid's, xvm. So.
METAMORPHOSIS, in biology, xvi. 79,
837; of the axolotl, xxn. 96; of
insects, XII. 573; xin. 146; animal,
myths of, XV. 89.
METAPAN, town, Salvador, Central
America, XXI. 268.
METAPHOR, in rhetoric, xx. 513.
METAPHRASTES, Symeon, Byzantine
hagiographer, XXII. Sii.
METAPHYSIC, or Metaphysics, xvi. 79;
xvm. 792; in relation to logic, Xiv.
785, 798; to psychology, XX. 37; to
theology, xxin. 268; of Aristotle, n.
521; contributions to, by Hamilton,
XL 417; by Locke, xiv. 757; Herbart
on, XL 718; Herder on, XL 729;
Kant's, xin. 848; Lotze's, xv. 14;
Spinoza on, xxn. 402.
, Institutes of, by Ferrier, IX. 1 10.
METAPONTUM, town, Magna Greecia,
Italy, xvi. 103; xv. 37.
METASTASIO (Pietro Trapassi), Italian
poet and dramatist, xvi. 103; xin.
5i3-
METATHERIA, division of Mammalia,
xv. 371, 378.
METAURUS, Italy, Battle of (207 B.C.),
XL 444; xx. 750.
METAXITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
METAYAGE, system of land tenure, i.
414; xiv. 268.
METAZOA, division of the animal king
dom, n. 51; xix. 830; skeletal condi
tions of, xxn. 106.
METCALFE, Lord, British administrator,
xvi. 105.
METCHETNOYE, town, Russia, xvn.
504.
METELLUS, Quintus Ccecilius, Celer,
Roman praetor, xvi. 106.
, Quintus Cyecilius, Macedonicus,
Roman prtetor, xvi. 106.
-, Quintus Crccilius, Numidicus,
Scipio,
Roman general, xvi. 106; XIII. 767;
xx. 758.
- , Quintus Cixjcilius, Pius, Roman
general, xvi. 106.
- , Quintus Ca'ciliu?, Pius
Roman general, xvi. 106.
METEMME (Galabat), town, Upper
Egypt, X. 17.
METEMPSYCHOSIS, transmigration, xvi.
106; xv. 91 ; Hindu doctrine, XXI.
289; xxiv. 117; Pythagorean, xx. 139.
METEOR, xvi. 107, 112; possible con
nexion with the aurora, III. 98; -with
comets, n. 815.
METEORA, group of monasteries, Thes-
saly, xvi. 114; xxin. 299.
METEORIC IRON, xin. 285.
METEORITE, or Aerolite, xvi. 108, 112;
xvm. 126; xxn. 649; carbon in, v.
86.
METEOROIDS, xvi. 109.
METEOROLOGICAL TIDES, xxin. 365.
METEOROLOGY, xvi. 114; its connexion
with navigation, xvn. 263; thermo
meters used in, xxin. 290; terrestrial
magnetism, xvi. 159; contributions
to the science by Deluc, VII. 54; by
Fitzroy, ix. 272; by Henry, XL 675;
by Leverrier, xiv. 487; by Saussure,
xxi. 324 ; meteorological societies,
xxn. 225.
METGE, Bernat, Catalan writer, xxn.
364-
METHANE, normal paraffin, v. 558.
, volcano, Greece, XI. 82.
METHEGLIN, or Hydromel, beverage
from honey, XII. 137.
METHIDES, Metallic, xvi. 197.
METHOD, Discourse of, Descartes' s, VIL
119.
METHODISM, religious organization,
xvi. 185; English, vni. 378; Wesley's
founding of, xxiv. 504.
— , Roman system of medicine, xv.
802.
METHODIUS, St, apostle of the Slavs,
xvi. 194.
, bishop of Tyre, early hymn-writer,
xn. 579.
METHUEN, John, English envoy to
Portugal, xix. 549.
-TREATY (1703), XIX. 549; XXII.
336.
METHYL, in chemistry, xvi. 194.
METHYLAMINES, in chemistry, xvi.
196.
METHYLPHOSPHINES, in chemistry,
xvi. 197.
METHYMNA, town, Lesbos, Asia Minor,
xiv. 474.
METHYSTICIN, vegetable crystalline
principle, xiv. 18.
METICS, foreign settlers in Athens,
Solon's treatment of, xxn. 255.
METIDJA, plain, Algeria, I. 563.
METILIN (Lesbos), island, zEgean Sea,
Turkey, xiv. 474.
METIUS, James, his relation to inven
tion of the telescope, XXin. 136.
METKARI HOLDINGS, India, i. 437.
METONIC CYCLE, in astronomy, n. 747;
iv. 668.
METOPES, Greek sculptures, II. 349.
METOPOSCOPY, in physiognomy, xix. 4.
METRE, in poetry, xix. 258.
-, standard of length, xxiv. 480; vn.
606.
METRETES, Greek measure, xxiv. 485.
METRICAL THEORY, in geometry, x.
41 1, 416.
METRIC SYSTEM, of weights and
measures, XXIV. 490.
METRODORUS, friend of Epicurus, vni.
472.
METRONOME, indicator of rate of time
in music, xvi. 198.
METROON, temple at ancient Olympia,
Greece, xvn. 769.
METROPOLITAN, ecclesiastical dignitary,
in. 787; bishops, xix. 490.
- BOARD OF WORKS, London, xiv.
820.
- RAILWAYS, London, xx. 239.
XXV. - 37
290
M E T — M I 0
METROXYLON, genus of trees, xxi.
148.
METSU, Gabriel, Dutch painter, xvi.
198.
METTERNICH, Clemens Wenzeslaus,
Prince, Austrian statesman, xvi. 199;
ill. 134; his interview with Napoleon,
xvn. 219.
METTRIE, Julien OfFray de la, French
writer, xiv. 243; IX. 668.
METZ, town, German Lorraine, xvi.
202; siege of (1552), ix. 559; siege
of (1870), ix. 627; aqueduct at, n.
221.
METZGERIA, genus of liverworts, XVH.
66.
METZGERSPRUNG, popular fete, at
Munich, Bavaria, xvil. 26.
METZTLI, Mexican deity, xvi. 211.
MEUDON, Paris, Observatory at, xvil.
712.
MEULEN, Antony Francis van der,
Flemish painter, xvi. 204.
MEUNG, Jean de, early French writer,
ix. 643.
MEURTHE-ET-MOSELLE, department,
France, xvi. 204.
MEURVIN, romance, xx. 652.
MEUSE, department, France, xvi. 205.
, or Maas (q.v.), river, France, Bel
gium, and Holland, XVI. 205.
MEUSELWITZ, town, Germany, xxi.
347-
MEW, bird, XI. 274.
ME- WANG, river, Siam, xxi. 850.
MEWAR, state, India, xx. 260; xxm.
716.
MEXICAN LANGUAGE (Aztec), Diction
aries of, vii. 193.
MEXICO, country, North America; xvi.
206; ancient annals of, I. 694; monu
ments, II. 451; mythology, xvn. 150;
pottery, xix. 633; races, I. 691; con
quest of, by Cortes, VI. 441.
, modern republic, xvi. 214; I. 714;
revolt of, from Spain, I. 710; war
with United States, xxm. 767; inter
ference of France in, IX. 625; under
Maximilian, xv. 645 ; Indian races
of, XII. 828; libraries, xiv. 536, 551;
mines, xvi. 471 ; observatory at
Tacubaya, xvil. 715; prison system,
xix. 761; railways, xx. 252; weights
and measures, XXIV. 490.
, state, Mexico, xvi. 214.
, capital of Mexico, xvi. 220.
, Gulf of, xxiv. 510.
MEYDOOM, or Medum, Egypt, Pyramid
of, vii. 773; n. 386; xx. 122, 124;
mummies of, xvil. 21.
MEYER, Conrad, pianoforte maker, xix.
77-
— , H. L., illustrator of birds, xvm.
18.
, 0. E., on the friction and viscosity
of gases, xvi. 619; on viscosity, xix.
248.
MEYERBEER, Giacomo, German musical
composer, xvi. 222.
MEYER-MERIAN, T., Swiss poet, xxn.
799-
MEZANKOORIE, silkworm, xxn. 60.
MEZEN, river, Russia, xxi. 73.
MEZENC, mountain, Ce venues, France,
v. 358.
MEZERAY, Francois Eudes de, French
historian, IX. 660.
MEZEREON, plant, xiv. 349.
MEZETSK, town, Russia, xv. 824.
MEZHA, river, Russia, xxn. 183.
MEZIERES, town, France, xvi. 223.
, Marie Jean Laboras de (Madame
Riccoboni), French novelist, xx. 538.
MEZOMORTO, Husain, Algerine pirate,
I. 566.
MEZO-TUR, town, Hungary, xvi. 223.
MEZUZA, Jewish prayer-box, xix. i.
MEZZADRIA, Milanese system of land
leases, xvi. 293.
MEZZOFANTI, Giuseppe, Italian linguist,
xvi. 223.
MEZZOTINT ENGRAVING, vin. 445 ;
shading, for surveys, xxn. 710.
MGANGA, African sorcerer, xv. 200.
MGLIN, town, Russia, xxm. 96.
MIAKO (Kioto), town, Japan, xiv. 92.
MiAMlS, American-Indian tribe, xn.
831-
MIAN MIR, cantonment, India, xiv.
212.
M I AOULIS, Andreas Vokos, Greek naval
leader, XI. 125.
MIARGYRITE, mineral, xvi. 394.
MiAUTSE, tribe, China, xvi. 223.
MICA, mineral, x. 228; XI. 48; colours
of, xxiv. 450; deposits of, North
Carolina, U.S.A., xvn. 560.
MICAH, Old Testament prophet, xvi.
224; xix. 817.
-, Syriac writer, XXI I. 830.
MIC ALE, Asia Minor, Naval battle of,
(479 B.C.), xvm. 573.
MICA-MAGNESIA, mineral, xvi. 412,
4i3
MiCA-SCHiST, rock, X. 231, 236.
MICA-SLATE, rock, x. 236.
MICHAEL, of Scripture, xvi. 226.
I.-VIL, Byzantine emperors, xvi.
226.
VIII.-IX., Byzantine emperors,
xvi. 227.
, prince of Servia, XXI. 689.
— , voivode of Walachia, xxi. 17.
— , Syriac writer, XXII. 851.
— of Cesana, general of Franciscans,
xvil. 717.
, St, and St George, Order of, xiv.
124.
95-
ROMANOFF, czar of Russia, xxi.
SCANTBEARD, Osmanli general,
xxm. 640.
— WlSNlOWiECKI, king of Poland,
xix. 295.
MlCHAELls, Christian Benedict, German
Orientalist, xvi. 227.
, Johann David, German Orientalist,
xvi. 227.
-, Johann Heinrich, German Orient
alist, xvi. 227.
MICHARINO, Sienese painter, xxn. 44.
MICHAUD, Joseph, French historian and
publicist, xvi. 228.
MICHAUX, Andre, French botanist, xvi.
228.
, Frangois Andre, French writer on
forestry, xvi. 229.
MICHEL, Claude, French sculptor, XXI.
563-
MICHELANGELO, Italian painter, sculp
tor, and architect, xvi. 229; II. 438;
xxi. 435, 569; as fresco painter, ix.
773; Perugiiio's jealousy of, xvill.
68 1 ; his relations with Leonardo da
Vinci, xiv. 457, 459; with Raphael,
xx. 275; with Sebastiaiio del Piombo,
xxi. 615.
MICHELET, Jules, French historian,
xvi. 235; TX. 681.
MICHELETTO, Don, Italian bravo, xv.
148.
MICHELL, Francis, degraded from
knighthood, XIV. 125.
, John, English scientist, xvi. 237.
MICHELOZZI, Michelozzo, Italian sculp
tor and architect, xvi. 237.
MlCHELSON, A., on the velocity of light,
xxiv. 459.
MICHIELI, Vitale, doge of Venice, xxiv.
142.
MICHIGAN, State, U.S.A., xvi. 237.
, Lake, North America, xiv. 217;
xxi. 178, 182.
CITY, town, Indiana, U.S.A., xvi.
241.
MlCHMASH, of Scripture, xvi. 241.
MlCHOACAN, state, Mexico, xvi. 214.
MlClPSA, Numidiaii prince, Xlil. 766;
XVIL 627.
MICKIEWICZ, Adam, Polish poet, xvi.
241 ; xix. 304.
MICKLE, William Julius, Scottish poet,
xvi. 242.
— FELL, mountain, England, xxiv.
5i3> 746.
MiCON, Greek mural painter, xvil. 41.
MlCOUREUS, group of marsupial mam
mals, xvn. 796.
MICROBES, minute organisms, xxi. 398.
MiCROCHiROPTERA, suborder of Mam
malia, xv. 410.
MlCROCOCCUS, genus of Bacteria, xxi.
399-
MlCROCODON, genus of Rotifera, xxi. 4.
MlCROCOSMOGRAPHY, Bishop Earle's
work, vii. 596.
MiCROCOSMOS, Heylin's work, XL 785.
MICROFARAD, electric unit of measure
ment, XXIII. 116.
MlCROGALE, genus of insectivorous
mammals, xv. 405.
M I C — M I L
291
MICROLINE, mineral, XVI. 419.
MiCROLlTE, mineral, xvi. 426.
MlCROMASTlCTORA, division of sponges,
xxn. 421.
MICROMETER, scientific instrument, xvi.
242; xxn. 718; use of, in astronomy,
II. 755; for the microscope, XVI. 277.
MICROMONACHA, genus of birds, XX.
101.
MICRONESIA, islands, Pacific Ocean, xvi.
256; xix. 418.
MICROPHONE, Telephonic, xxin. 129,
132-
MICROPHYTES, minute organisms, XXL
398.
MlCROPTERUS, genus of birds, XIX.
252.
MICROSCLERES, group of sponges, xxn.
416.
MICROSCOPE, optical instrument, XVI.
258; xiv. 594; xvn. 806; its use in
anatomical study, I. 817; in histologi-
cal, xii. 10; in zoological, XXIV. 801,
815; graduation of, XI. 28; its use in
surveying, xxil. 718; improvements
on, by Amici, I. 738; Leeuwenhoek's
discoveries with, xiv. 410; Malpighi'a
observations with, XV. 338; micro
scopical societies, xxil. 225.
MlCROSEiSMOMETER, earthquake indi
cator, XXI. 629.
MiCROSOMMlTE, mineral, xvi. 412.
MiCROSPORES, in plant development,
xx. 424.
MlCROSTOMA, genus of fishes, XXI. 222,
224.
LlNEARE, planarian worm, XIX.
174.
MIDAS, king of Phrygia, xvi. 278;
xvin. 849; tomb of, II. 347.
, genus of apes, 1 1. 155.
MlDDELBURG, town, Holland, xvi.
278; population, xxiv. 772.
MIDDENDORF, Alexander Theodor von,
Russian Arctic explorer, XIX. 320.
MIDDENDORFF, German educationist,
ix. 793.
MIDDENS, Kitchen, prehistoric shell-
heaps, II. 1 1 6.
MIDDLE AGES, Characteristics of the,
xx. 380.
MIDDLE AGES, Hallam's History of the,
XL 393-
MlDDLEBOROUGH, town, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., xvi. 278.
MIDDLEHAM CASTLE, Yorkshire, Eng
land, xxiv. 749.
MIDDLESBROUGH, town, England, xvi.
278; xxiv. 747, 748; salt-mine, xxi.
231.
MIDDLESEX, county, England, xvi.
279; representation, xxin. 727.
MIDDLE TEMPLE, legal society, London,
xiii. 87, 89.
MIDDLETON, town, England, xvi. 282.
, Earl of, Scottish statesman, xxi.
MIDDLETON, Captain Christopher, Arctic
explorer, xix. 318.
, Conyers, English divine, xvi.
282.
, Thomas, English dramatist, xvi.
282; vil. 432; influence of Fletcher
on, ill. 474.
MIDDLETOWN, town, Connecticut,
U.S.A., xvi. 283.
, town, New York, U.S.A., xvi.
284,
MIDGE, insect, xiii. 150; wheat midge,
xxiv, 535.
MlDHURST, town, England, XVI. 284;
xxil. 724.
MIDIAN, of Scripture, xvi. 284.
MIDIANITES, people, Palestine, XVIII.
175-
MIDI D' OSSAU, Pic du, Pyrenees,
France, IX. 505.
MIDLOTHIAN (Edinburgh), county,
Scotland, vil. 656.
MIDNAPUR, or Midnapoor, district and
town, India, XVI. 284.
MlDRASH, Jewish writings, XVI. 285;
I. 55; XI. 742; xxill. 35.
MIDSHIPMAN, Naval, his duties, xvn.
293-
MlDSOMER-NORTON, town, England,
xxn. 258.
MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM, Shake
speare's play, xxi. 764.
MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM, Men
delssohn's opera, xvi. 7.
MIDWIFERY, department of medicine,
xv. 797; use of anaesthetics in, I. 789.
MIECZYSLAW I.-II., kings of Poland,
xix. 286.
III., of Poland, xix. 287.
MIEDZYRZECZ PODLASKi, town, Poland,
xvi. 288.
MIEMITE, mineral, xvi. 397.
MIERIS, family of Dutch painters, XVI.
288.
MlESROB, Armenian scholar, II. 550.
MIGLIORATI, Cosimo de (Pope Inno
cent VIL), xiii. 84.
, Luigi, Roman assassin, XX. 804.
MIGNARD, Pierre, French portrait
painter, xvi. 289.
MIGNONETTE, plant, xvi. 289.
MIGRAINE, disease, xvn. 364.
MIGRATION, of birds, in. 764; of insects,
xiv. 765; of lemmings, Xiv. 436; of
mammals, VII. 276; instinct in, xiii.
159.
MIGUEL, Maria Evarist, claimant of
Portuguese throne, xvi. 290; regent
of Portugal, xix. 552.
MIGULINSKAYA, Cossack village, Russia,
xvi. 290.
MIHR NARSEH, Persian general, xviil.
610.
MIKADO, the emperor of Japan, xiii.
58!.
MIKHA, Syriac writer, xxil. 830.
MIKHAILOFF, town, Russia, xxi. 116.
MIKHAILOVSK, town, Transcaspian
Region, Russia, xxin. 513.
MIKHAILOVSKAYA, Cossack village,
Russia, xvi. 290.
MIKHNAF, Abu, Arab historian, xxin. 2.
Ml-KlANG, river, Corea, vi. 391.
MILAN, Duchy of, Italy, xiii. 478.
, town, Italy, xvi. 290; its resist
ance to Frederick Barbarossa, xiii.
471; its rivalry with Pavia, xiii.
469; cathedral of, II. 436; church of
San Ambrogio, II. 435; libraries, xiv.
530, 548; observatory, xvn. 713; its
school of painting, xxi. 437, 443;
picture galleries, xxi. 447; sculpture,
xxi. 568.
, king of Servia, xxi. 689.
MlLARlTE, mineral, xvi. 417.
MILAZZO, town, Sicily, xvi. 293.
MILCOM, god of the Ammonites, XVI.
696.
MILDEW, fungus, xvi. 293; xvm. 266.
MILE, measure of length, xxiv. 485.
MILES, Mrs, American hymn-writer,
xii. 596.
MILESIANS, early Irish tribe, v. 299;
xiii. 244.
MILESIAN TALES, Greek, xx. 634.
MILETOPOLIS, Lake of, Mysia, Asia
Minor, xvil. 122.
MILETUS, town, Asia Minor, xvi. 294;
xxil. 1 86; coins of, xvn. 647.
MILFORD, town, Wales, XVI. 294; XVIII.
482.
, town, Massachusetts, LT.S.A., XVI.
295.
MILHAMOTH ADONAI, Ben Gerson's
work, x. 550.
MlLHAU, or Millau, town, France, xvi.
3*4-
MILIARY FEVER, xxn. 735.
MILICZ, Johann, Moravian preacher,
xvi. 295.
MILIOLIDEA, order of Protozoa, Xix. 846.
MILITARY CHAPLAINS, of British army,
II. 584.
MILITARY DIET, vn. 212.
MILITARY FRONTIER, district, Austria,
xvi. 295.
MILITARY HISTORY, Study of, xxiv.
345-
MILITARY HOSPITALS, xn. 306.
MILITARY LAW, xvi. 295; in British
army, n. 587.
MILITARY PRIVILEGES, in Roman law,
xx. 705.
MILITARY SERVICE, Feudal, xiv. 114;
as a tax, ix. 176.
MILITARY STRATEGY, xxiv. 349.
MILITARY TACTICS, xxiv. 353; of
artillery, II. 667; modern changes in,
n. 565.
MILITIA, of United Kingdom, xvi. 299;
II. 567; Machiavelli's plan of a, xv.
147.
MILITSCH, or Milicz, Johann, Moravian
preacher,xvi. 295.
292
M I L — M I N
MILITZA, Servian heroine, XXI. 689.
MILK, xvi. 301; vi. 768; adulterations
of, I. 1 68; as an article of diet, vn.
202; composition of, iv. 591; v. 455;
fermentation of, ix. 92, 97; sugar in,
xxn. 624; of the ass, n. 717; of the
goat, x. 710.
— OF SULPHUR, xxn. 635.
MILKY WAY, The, n. 818.
MILL, Flour, ix. 344.
— , Iron Rolling, xni. 328.
, James, English historian and philo
sopher, xvi. 306; xix. 377.
— , John, New Testament critic, xvi.
307-
, John Stuart, English philosopher
and politician, xvi. 307; his inter
pretation of analogy, I. 791 ; on
mental association, n. 734; on axioms,
ill. 160; as economist, xix. 378; his
ethical teaching, vm. 607; on govern
ment, XI. 17; on the character of Jesus
Christ, XIII. 670; his logic, xiv. 793;
his relations with Comte, vi. 231.
MILLAR, William, collector of pamphlets,
xvin. 205.
MILLAU, town, France, xvi. 314.
MILLBANK PRISON, London, xix. 748.
MILLEDGEVILLE, town, Georgia, U.S.A.,
X. 436.
MILLE LACS, lake, Minnesota, U.S.A.,
xvi. 476.
MlLLENARlANlSM, in eschatology, xvi.
315, 317; vm. 534; xviii. 427; xx.
497-
MILLENNIUM, xvi. 314; vm. 535.
MILLEPEDES, order of Myriapoda, v.
340; xvii. 118; as wheat pests, xxiv.
536.
MILLER, Hugh, Scottish geologist, xvi.
318.
, William, American millenarian,
xvi. 320.
, William, Scottish engraver, xvi.
320.
MILLER - CASELLA THERMOMETER,
xxiii. 291.
MlLLERlTE, mineral, xvi. 392.
MILLERITES, American religious sect,
xvi. 320.
MILLER'S THUMB, fish, xvi. 320; xn.
690.
MILLES, Syriac writer, xxn. 827.
— ET AMYS, romance, xx. 652.
MILLET, cereal, xvi. 321.
— , Indian, or Durra, VII. 564; XII.
748.
, Jean Francois, French painter,
xvi. 321; ix. 700, 701.
MILLING MACHINE, for cutting teeth
of wheels, xv. 156.
MILLIONI, Marco, sobriquet of Marco
Polo, Xix. 407.
MlLLO, Tower of, Jerusalem, xm.
639-
MILLON'S BASE, compound of mercury,
xvi. 34.
MILLS, Flour, ix. 344.
— , Iron Rolling, XIII. 328.
, John, originator of the French
Encyclopedic, vm. 197.
MILLSTONE GRIT, rock, x. 349.
MILLSTONES, ix. 344.
MILLVILLE, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.,
xvi. 322.
MILMAN, Henry Hart, dean of St
Paul's, English historian, dramatist,
and poet, XVI. 323; hymns by, XI I.
595-
MILNATHORT, town, Scotland, xiv. 92.
MILNE-EDWARDS, Alphonse, on birds,
xvin. 36.
MILNE-EDWARDS, Henri, his zoological
classification, xxiv. 809.
MILNGAVIE, town, Scotland, XXII.
554-
MlLO, Greek athlete, xvi. 323.
(Melos), island, yEgean Sea, xv.
841.
, Titus Anniua Papianus, Roman
partisan leader, xvi. 323.
MlLOSCHIN, mineral, XVI. 424.
MlLOSH OBILICH, Servian hero, XXI.
689.
MILOSH OBRENOVICH, prince of Servia,
xxi. 689.
MILTIADES, Athenian general, XL 99.
-, pope, xv. 839.
MILTITZ, Carl von, papal legate, xv.
73-
MILTON, Christopher, brother of the
poet, xvi. 339.
, Frances (Mrs Trollope), English
writer, xxni. 585.
, John, English poet, xvi. 324; on
education, vil. 675; hymns by, XII.
592 ; pamphlets of, xviii. 205 ; as
pastoral poet, xviii. 347; influence of
the Renaissance on, xx. 393; his
epitaph on Shakespeare, Vin. 495; his
sonnets, xxil. 262; his place in
English literature, vm. 424; his
place in epic poetry, xix. 267; his
probable indebtedness to Ochino, XVII.
720; his controversy with Salmasius,
XXI. 220.
— ABBEY, Dorset, England, vn. 372.
MILTSIN, Mount, Morocco, in. 27.
MILUTIN, king of Servia, xxi. 688.
MILUTINOVICH, Simeon, Servian poet,
xxi. 691.
MILVIAN BRIDGE, near Rome, iv. 329;
battle of (312 A.D.), vi. 299.
MlLVUS, genus of birds, XIV. 103.
MILWAUKEE, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
XVI. 340; population, XXIV. 617.
MlLYANS, ancient people of Lycia, xv.
92.
MILZOW, Gerhard, Norse writer, xvii.
589.
MlMAMSA, Hindu system of philosophy,
XXI. 289.
MIMES, or Mimi, in Roman drama, vn.
409, 412.
MIMETA, group of birds, xvii. 844.
MIMETESITE, mineral, xvi. 407.
MIMIC BEETLES, vi. 127, 131.
MIMICRY, in biology, xvi. 341.
MlMNERMUS, Greek poet, XVI. 345 ;
xxn. 186.
MiMOClCHLA, genus of birds, xxni.
322.
MIMOSA, genus of plants, xvi. 345;
Xix. 62; bark of, for tanning, xiv.
381-
MiMUS, genus of birds, xvi. 540.
MINA, Greek money, xvii. 631.
, ancient weight, xxiv. 487.
MIN^EAN LANGUAGE, Arabia, xxiv.
740.
MINAHASSA, district, Celebes, v. 289.
MINAMOTO, Japanese clan, xm. 582.
MlNAS NOVAS, colourless topazes, xxni.
446.
MlNCIO, river, Italy, xm. 436.
MlNCOPlE, race of people, Andaman
Islands, Asia, II. 12.
MIND, Science of, XX. 39; evolution of,
VIII. 770; in relation to phrenology,
xviii. 842; Descartes on, v. 145;
Hegel's philosophy of, xi. 620; Hume's
theory, xn. 352; Xenocrates's theory,
xxiv. 718.
MINDANAO, island, Philippines, xvin.
748, 751.
MINDEN, town, Prussia, xvi. 345; battle
of (1759), in. 128; ix. 590.
— , or M iinden, town, Hanover, xvi.
345-
MINDING'S THEOREM, in mechanics,
xv. 730.
MiNDORO, island, Philippines, xvin.
748, 752.
MINERAL BATHS, in. 439.
MINERALOGY, xvi. 346 (index of mineral
species, 429); Ste-Claire Deville's con
tributions to, xxi. 166; mineralogical
societies, XXII. 225.
MINERALS, analysed under the blow
pipe, in. 838; meteoric, xvi. 113;
phosphorescence in, xvin. 813; rock-
forming varieties, x. 227; the property
of the crown, XIV. 268.
MINERAL SPRINGS, x. 270.
MINERAL TALLOW, xvi. 429.
MINERAL VEINS, x. 317; xvi. 441.
MINERAL WATERS, xvi. 431; of Eastern
Siberia, xxni. 510.
MINERS, Payment of, xvi. 449.
MINERVA, Roman goddess (the Greek
Athena), XVI. 437; ivory statue of, at
Athens, xni. 523.
PRINTING MACHINE, xxni. 705.
MINES, xvi. 440; coal, vi. 61; gold, x.
745; laws regarding, xvi. 466.
, Submarine explosive, XXIII. 449.
MING, dynasty of China, v. 648.
MlNGO, adulterant of woollen goods, I.
176.
MINGRELIA, province, Transcaucasia,
Russia, xvi. 437; xxiii. 513.
M I N — M I S
293
MlNHG, river, Spain, XXII. 295.
MINIATURE, branches of painting, xvi.
437; enamelling, vin. 184.
MINICOY, island, Laccadives, Indian
Ocean, xiv. 183.
MINIMA, in mathematics, xv. 643; xin.
22.
MINIMI, or Minims, order of monks, IX.
695; xvi. 711.
MININ, Russian patriot, xxi. 95.
MINING, xvi. 440; for coal, vi. 61; for
gold, x. 745.
— , Military, IX. 464.
MINISTERS, Nonconformist, Legal status
of, xvn. 533.
MINISTRY, state administration, xvi.
472.
MINIUM, mineral, xvi. 387.
MINK, carnivorous mammal, xvi. 474;
skins of, IX. 838.
MINNA VON BARNHELM, Lessing's
drama, xiv. 480.
MINNEAPOLIS, town, Minnesota, U.S.A.,
xvi. 474.
MINNESANGER, German lyrists, X. 525;
xvn. 83.
MINNESOTA, State, U.S.A., xvi. 475.
MINNOW, fish, xvi. 477; xii. 692;
artificial, for angling, II. 33.
ISLANDS, Madagascar, xv. 168.
MlNO, or Minho, river, Spain, XXII.
295.
MINO DI GIOVANNI (DaFiesole), Italian
sculptor and architect, xvi. 477; xx.
836.
MINOR, or Infant, in law, xin. i.
, The, Foote's comedy, IX. 370.
, bird, XL 26.
MINORCA, one of the Balearic Islands,
Spain, in. 278; failure of Byng in
defence of, iv. 604.
MINORITES, order of friars, ix. 698;
xx. 799.
MINORITY, in law, i. 279.
MiNOS, legendary king of Crete, XVI.
478; vi. 570; xxm. 294.
MINOTAUR, of Greek legend, xiv. 179;
xvi. 478.
MINSHULL, Elizabeth, Milton's third
wife, xvi. 336.
MINSK, government, Russia, xvi. 478;
XXI. 69; town, xvi. 479.
MINSTER, in architecture, II. 467.
MINSTREL, singer, xvi. 479; mediaeval,
vii. 413.
— , The, Beattie's poem, in. 466.
MINSTRELSY OF THE SCOTTISH
BORDER, Scott's, xxi. 547; Leyden's
connexion with, xiv. 496.
MINT, for coining, xvi. 480; of London,
xiv. 832.
, plant, xvi. 491; xii. 289; xvni.
Si?-
MINTJAC, or Muntjak, deer, xvn. 31;
xni. 602.
MINT-MARK, of coins, xvn. 630.
MINTO, First Earl of, British statesman,
xvi. 492; governor-general of India,
xii. 805.
MINTON'S ENCAUSTIC PAVEMENT, iv.
283.
MINUCIUS FELIX, Marcus, Christian
apologist, xvi. 492.
MINUET, dance, xvi. 492.
MINUIT, Peter, director, New Nether-
land, America, xvn. 454.
MINUSCULE WRITING, xvm. 149.
MINUSINSK, town, Russia in Asia, xxii.
11; xxiv. 743.
TARTARS, Asiatic race, xxm. 70.
MINX, or Mink, carnivorous mammal,
xvi. 474.
MINY/E, ancient Greek race, XL 92; as
voyagers, II. 496; in Lemnos, ^Egean
Sea, xiv. 437.
MINYEH, town, Egypt, vii. 774.
MIOCENE ROCKS, x. 362.
MlOLANHD^E, family of chelonian
reptiles, XXIII. 457.
MIOSIC, Andrew Kacie, Servian writer,
xxi. 690.
MIQUELON, island, Newfoundland, xxi.
196; xvn. 382.
MIR, village community, Russia, xxi.
7°, 83.
MlRA, river, Ecuador, vii. 646.
MIRABEAU, Honore Gabriel Riqueti,
Comte de, French statesman, xvi. 492;
IX. 598, 601; Dumont's relations with,
vn. 530.
, Victor Riqueti, Marquis de, French
political economist, xvi. 498; XIX.
361-
MIRABILITE, mineral, xvi. 401.
MIRACLE OF THE THUNDERING
LEGION, in Roman history, in. 87.
MIRACLE-PLAYS, v. 324; vn. 413, 414;
English, vn. 414; vin. 416; in Eng
land, time of Shakespeare, xxi. 750;
French, IX. 644; German, x. 526.
MIRACLES, of Scripture, n. 191; x. 804,
809; of Elisha, vin. 141; in Acts of
the Apostles, I. 127; Campbell's Dis
sertation on, IV. 754; Woolston's view
of, xxiv. 664.
— , of Apollonius, II. 188.
MIRAFLORES, Spain, Sculptures at, xxi.
567.
MIRAFRA, genus of birds, Xiv. 316.
MIRAGE, Atmospheric, xiv. 600.
MIR ALISHIR, Persian poet, xvi. 499.
MIRAMICHI, river, New Brunswick,
xvn. 373.
MIRAMIONES, French religious order,
x. 152.
MIRAMON, Miguel, Mexican general,
xvi. 498.
MIRANDA, Francesco, South -American
general, XVI. 498.
, Francisco de S;i de, Portuguese
pastoral poet, xvm. 346; XIX. 556.
MiRANDOLA, Pico de, Christian huma
nist and Kabbalistic writer, XIX. 80;
XIII. 813.
MIRATH, or Meerut, district, India, xv.
825-
MIRCEA, voivode of "Walachia, xxi. 16.
MlRGOROD, town, Russia, xix. 410.
MIR JAFAR, Indian nawab, xii. 801.
MIR KASIM, Indian nawab, xn. 802;
xvni. 409.
MIRKHOND, or Mirkhawand, Persian
writer, xvi. 499.
MIROIR DE MARIAGE, Deschamps's
satire, vn. 128.
MIROPOLIE, town, Russia, xvi. 499.
MIRROR, xvi. 499; ix. 849; Etruscan
bronze, vin. 642; in optics, xiv. 587;
use of, for signalling, XL 632.
GALVANOMETER, in telegraphy,
xxm. 124.
MIRROR-READING, in optics, xxiv.
436.
MIR TAG i, Urdu poet, XL 848.
MlRZA, Persian title, xvni. 628.
MIRZAPUR, or Mirzapoor, district and
town, India, xvi. 502.
MIRZA TAKI, Persian minister, xvni.
651.
MISANTHROPE, Le, Moliere's play, xvi.
629.
MISDEMEANOUR, in law, xvi. 502; vi.
588; ix. 68.
MISDROY, town, Prussia, xxiv. 633.
MISENO, Capo di, Italy, xvn. 187.
MISERERE, of Allegri, i. 581.
MlSERlCORDE, or Dagger, VI. 760.
MlSHNAH, or Mishna, rabbinical law,
xvi. 502; XL 600; xin. 429; xxm.
35; Maimonides's commentary on, xv.
296.
MISHNEH TORAH, of Maimonides, xv.
295.
MISKOLCZ, town, Hungary, xvi. 508.
MISNIA, Dialect of, German, I. 152.
MISOL, island, off New Guinea, xvn.
389-
MlSPECKEL, or Mispickel, mineral, XVI.
390; n. 635.
MlSPRlSlON, in law, XVI. 502; of treason,
xxm. 528.
MlSR, name for Egypt, VII. 700.
MISRULE, Lord of, v. 704.
MlSSAL, liturgical book, xvi. 508.
MlSSI DOMINICI, imperial commis
sioners, ix. 532.
MISSIONARIES, Christian, xvi. 511.
MISSIONARY SOCIETIES, List of, xvi.
515-
MlSSlONS, Christian, xvi. 511; Baptist,
in. 356; Jesuit systems, xin. 651,654;
xx. 536; Moravian, xvi. Sii; Roman
Catholic, Xix. 809.
MISSISSIPPI, river, U.S.A., xvi. 518; I.
674; xvn. 402; delta of, xx. 580;
drainage of, x. 272 ; geology of valley
of, xxm. 801; influence of wind on,
XII. 497; La Salle's explorations
of, xiv. 318; Spanish claim to, xxm.
753-
, State, U.S.A., xvi. 521.
294
M I S — M 0 H
MISSISSIPPI, bagatelle game, ill. 230.
- SCHEME, Law's, ix. 584; xiv.
367-
MISSOLONGHI, town, Greece, xvi. 524.
MISSOURI, river, United States, xvi.
518; xvn. 307; Lewis and Clarke's
explorations of, XI v. 494; sources of,
xvi. 772.
, State, U.S.A., xvi. 524; mule-
breeding in, xvii. 14.
COMPROMISE (1820), v. 818;
xxm. 763, 772; repeal of (1854),
xiv. 658.
MISTER, title, xxm. 417.
MlSTi, volcano, Peru, xvill. 672.
MISTLETOE, parasitic plant, xvi. 527;
xvill. 264, 265; in Northern myth
ology, i. 210; venerated by the Druids,
vn. 477.
MISTRAL, wind, Southern Europe, IX.
507; xvi. 149.
MISTRESS, The, by Cowley, vi. 532.
OF THE ROBES, England, XXI.
37-
MISTY LAW, mountain, Scotland, xx.
395-
MlSY, mineral, XVI. 401.
MITA, tribute from Peruvian Indians,
iv. 16; xviii. 678.
MITAU, town, Kussia, xvi. 527.
MITCHAM, town, England, XXII. 693;
cultivation of mint at, xvm. 518.
MlTCHEL, Ormsby M 'Knight, American
general and astronomer, xvi. 528.
MITCHELL, Sir Thomas Livingstone,
Australian explorer, xvi. 528; III.
105.
, river, Victoria, Australia, XXIV.
216.
— LIBRARY, Glasgow, xiv. 523, 543.
MITCHELL'S PEAK, North Carolina,
U.S.A., xvii. 559.
MITE, arachnid, xvi. 528; II. 276; itch-
mite, xxn. 123.
MITFORD, Mary Russell, English writer,
xvi. 529.
MITHRADATES, or Mithridates, I., Par
thian king, xvm. 590; xix. 459.
II., the Great, Parthian king and
king of Pontus, xvi. 529; xvill. 595;
xix. 459; his conquest of Cappadocia,
v. 76; his war in Greece, XL 108;
Sulla's victory over, XXII. 632.
MITHRAS, Persian god, xvi. 530.
MITHRIDATE, Racine's drama, xx. 207.
MITHRIDATES, or Mithradates (q.v.),
xvi. 529.
MIT LA, Mexico, Temple at, I. 695.
MITRA, or Mithras, Persian god, xvi.
530-
MITRAILLEUR, machine gun, xi. 285;
ii. 662.
MITRE, bishop's head-dress, VI. 463.
— , in heraldry, XI. 711.
— , Bartolomeo, president of Argentine
Republic, II. 492.
MITRIDATE, opera by Mozart, xvii. 9.
MITSCHERLICH, Eilhardt, German
chemist, xvi. 531.
MITTA MITTA, river, Victoria, Australia,
xxiv. 215.
MITYLENE, town, Lesbos, Asia Minor,
xiv. 474.
MIXITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
MIZPAH, or Mizpeh, of Scripture, XVI.
532-
MIZRAIM, name of Egypt, vn. 700.
MIZZONITE, mineral, xvi. 412.
MJOSEN, lake, Norway, xvii. 576.
MLAWA, town, Poland, xix. 227.
MNAIDRA, ancient temple, Malta, xv.
34i-
MNEMON, Artaxerxes II., king of
Persia, II. 640; vn. 753; xvm. 576.
MNEMONICS, artificial helps to memory,
xvi. 532.
MNIOTILTID^E, family of birds, XXIV.
367-
MOA, extinct bird, ill. 112, 731; VII.
244; XVII. 469.
MOAB, of Scripture, XVI. 533.
MOABITES, people cf Palestine, xm.
397; xvm. 175.
MOABITE STONE, xin. 116; xvi. 534,
536; xxi. 645.
MOALLAKAT, Arabic poems, xvi. 536,
595; I. 778; ii. 263.
MOASSINA, country, Soudan, Central
Africa, xxn. 279.
MOAT-HEN, bird, xvi. 808.
MOAWIYA I., caliph, xvi. 563, 565; n.
258.
II., caliph, xvi. 569.
MOBANGI, river, Africa, XXIV. 764.
MOBBING, in law, xx. 565.
MOBILE, town, Alabama, U.S.A., xvi.
539-
MOBILIZATION, of German army, n.
598.
MOBIUS, August Ferdinand, German
astronomer, xvi. 540.
MOCCOLETTI, carnival diversion at
Rome, v. 124.
MOCENIGO, Domenico, Venetian ad
miral, xxiv. 147.
MOCHA, town, Arabia, xvi. 540; xx.
3i6.
STONE, variety of agate, I. 278.
MOCKING-BIRD, XVI. 540.
MODALISM, theological doctrine, XXI.
127.
MODARES, leader of imperial Goths,
xxm. 258.
MODELLING, in building, iv. 508; in
design, in drawing, vn. 450; for
sculpture, XXI. 571; of animals, in
taxidermy, xxn I. 90.
— , Mathematical, xv. 628.
MODENA, Duchy of, Italy, xvi. 541.
— , town, Italy, xvi. 541; library,
xiv. 530, 548; observatory, XVII. 714;
school of painting, XXI. 437, 443;
sculpture, xxi. 569; university, xxm.
836.
MODERATISM, in Church of Scotland,
ix. 743; xxi. 536.
MODERATOR LAMP, xiv. 246.
MODESTINUS, Roman jurist, xin.
792.
MODESTUS, Christian martvr, xxiv.
266.
MODHAR, Arab tribe, Mesopotamia, xvi.
48.
MODICA, town, Sicily, xvi. 542.
MODICIA, Roman colony, Lombardy,
xvi. 798.
MODLIN, town, Russian Poland, xvn.
608; xxiv. 376.
MODOCS, American-Indian tribe, xn.
833-
MODULE, in architecture, n. 467.
MODULUS, of elasticity, vn. 804; of
rigidity, xxn. 595.
MOE, Jorgen Engebretsen, Norwegian
poet, xvi. 542; xvn. 591.
MOED, part of the Mishnah, xvi. 505.
MOEN, island, Denmark, vn. 80.
MCERIS, Lake, Egypt, vn. 709, 774.
MOERO, Lake, Central Africa, I. 248;
xxiv. 763.
M (ESI A, ancient country, Eastern Europe,
xvi. 542.
MOFADDAL, Arabic commentator, xvi.
536.
MOFETE, Le, lake, Italy, I. 778.
MOFFAT, town, Scotland, xvi. 542; vn.
526.
, Robert, African missionarjr, xvi.
543-
MoGADOR, town, Morocco, xvi. 543.
MpGAHlD, Saracen leader, xix. 119.
MOGHILEFF, government, Russia, xvi.
543; xxi. 69; town, on the Dnieper,
Russia, xvi. 543.
, town, on the Dniester, Russia,
xvi. 544; xix. 254.
MOGHISTAN, district, Persia, xvn.
856.
MOGHTASILAH, Babylonian sect, XV.
482, 485.
MOGILAS, Petrus, Russian metropolitan,
xvi. 544.
MOGUER, Spanish wine, xxiv. 607.
MOGUL, Moghul, or Mughal, dynasty in
India, in. 569; xn. 794.
MOGULS, or Mughals, class of Moham
medans, India, xii. 746.
MOHACS, town, Hungary, xvi. 544;
battle of (1526), xn. 369; xxi. 17.
MOHAIR, goat's hair, xvi. 544.
MOHALLAB, Moslem general, xvi. 569,
572-
MOHAMMED, Mahomet, or Muhammad,
founder of Islam, xvi. 545; n. 257;
in Mecca, xv. 670; tomb of, xv.
818.
, Moorish emir in Spain, xxn.
312.
, Seljuk ruler, xxi. 635.
, Turkish sultans. See Muham-
M 0 H — M 0 M
295
MOHAMMED B. FARAJ, Moslem im
postor, xvi. 585.
B. MANSUR, caliph, xvi. 580.
BEY, of Egypt, vii. 761.
GHORI, founder of Moslem power
in Hindustan, XVII. 573.
MOHAMMEDANISM, xvi. 545 (index,
606); xx. 360; xxn. 659; in relation
to Manichreism, xv. 485; pilgrimages,
xix. 93; its attitude towards slavery,
xxii. 143; theism of, xxin. 240, 242;
spread of, in Asia, II. 699; conquest
of Egypt, vii. 749; invasion of Persia,
xvill. 615 ; caliphate acquired by
sultan of Turkey, xxm. 643 ; in
China, v. 650; in Europe, viil. 713;
in India, xn. 746, 792; in Spain,
xxn. 309; in Turkish empire, xxin.
654.
MOHAMMEDAN LIBRARIES, xiv. 514.
MOHAMRAH, town, Persia, vin. 671;
XVIII. 620.
MOHATRA BARGAIN, in casuistry, v.
204.
MOHAWK, river, New York, U.S.A.,
xii. 331; xvn. 451.
MOHEGANS, American-Indian tribe,
xii. 831.
MOHILLA, island, Comoros, Africa, VI.
221.
MOHL, Hugo von, on protoplasm, XIX.
828.
, Jules, German Orientalist, xvi.
607.
MOHLER, Johann Adam, German theo
logian, xvi. 607.
MOHN, island, Russia, in Baltic, xiv.
723; xvil. 732.
— , Henrik, on Norwegian Polar
explorations, xix. 323.
MOHR, Karl Friedrieh, German scien
tist, xvi. 707.
MOHRING, Paul H. G., on birds, xvin. 5.
MOHS, Friedrieh, crystallographer, VI.
674.
MOHTADI BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 586.
MOIMIR, Slavonic chief, x. 480.
MoiR, David Macbeth, Scottish poet and
humorist, xvi. 608.
, George, Scottish critic, XVI. 608.
MoiRA, Earl of, governor-general of
India, XI. 517.
MoiSSAC, town, France, xvi. 608.
MOISTURE, of the atmosphere, in. 32;
life conditioned by, ill. 680.
MOJANGA, town, Madagascar, xv. 175.
MOKADDASI, Arabic geographer, xvi.
608.
MOKANDARRA, pass, India, xiv. 144.
MOKANNA, A1-, the veiled prophet of
Khorasan, xvi. 44, 580, 608.
MOKATTAN, Egypt, Caliph Hakim's
observatory at, xvn. 709.
MOKHA, or Mocha, harbour, Red Sea,
xvi. 540; xx. 316.
MOKHTAR BEN AP,I C-BAID, Shiite chief,
xvi. 568, 570.
MOKSHA, race, Russia, xvi. 813.
, river, Russia, xvm. 514.
MOKSHAN, town, Russia, xvi. 608;
xvm. 515.
MOKTADI BI-AMR-ILLAH, caliph, XVI.
588.
MOKTADIR BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 586.
MOKTAFI BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 586.
MOKTAFI LI-AMR-ILLAH, caliph, XVI.
r-QQ
500.
MOLA, town, Italy, xvi. 608.
GAETA (Formia), town, Italy, ix.
415.
Mo LAI, or Molay (q.v.), James de, xvi.
608.
MOLASSES, from sugar, xxii. 626.
RUM, xxi. 58.
MOLAY, Jacques de, grand-master of the
Templars, xvi. 608; xxm. 163, 164.
MOLBECH, Christian, Danish lexico
grapher, vii. 93.
MOLD, town, Wales, IX. 327.
MOLDAU, river, Germany, vii. 825.
MOLDAVIA, principality, Roumania,
xxi. 18.
MOLE, insectivorous mammal, xvi. 608;
xv. 404.
, river, England, xxm. 220.
MOLE, Matthieu Louis, Count, French
politician, IX. 620.
— , Matthieu, French politician, vi.
246.
MOLECH, Semitic divinity, XVI. 695.
MOLE CRICKET, insect, vi. 578; xm.
152; as wheat pest, xxiv. 534.
MOLECULAR ACTIONS AND CHANGES,
in physiology, Xix. 18.
MOLECULAR MAGNETISM, Theory of,
xv. 271, 276.
MOLECULAR WEIGHTS, v. 471.
MOLECULE, xvi. 610; in. 38; vn. 215.
MOLESKIN, cotton fabric, xvi. 623.
MOLESTATION, in law, xxm. 500.
MOLESWORTH, Sir William, philoso
phical and political writer, xvi. 623.
MOLFETTA, town, Italy, xvi. 624.
MOLGE, genus of reptiles, xxin. 577.
MOLGULlDiE, family of Tunicata, xxin.
617.
MOLIERE (Jean Baptiste Poquelin),
French dramatist, xvi. 624; vii. 425;
ix. 658; as satirist, xxi. 319; his
relations with Racine, XX. 204.
MOLINA, Luis, Spanish Jesuit, xvi. 630.
— , Maria de, regent of Castile, XXII.
— , Tirso de (G. Tellez), Spanish
dramatist, xxin. 157; vn. 421; xxn.
358.
MOLINE, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xvi.
631.
MOLINOS, Miguel de, Spanish quietist,
xvi. 631; xvn. 134.
MOLISE, province, Italy, xvi. 631.
MOLITOR, Joseph Franz, German theo-
sophist, xxin. 279.
MOLITZ, spa, France, XX. 128.
MOLIVO, town, Lesbos, Asia Minor, xiv.
474-
MOLL AH, Mohammedan ecclesiastic,
xxii. 661, 664.
MOLLENDO, town, Peru, xvin. 674.
MOLLER'S SOLUTION, in taxidermy,
xxin. 90.
MOLL FLANDERS, Defoe's work, vn. 29.
MOLLINEUX, Emeric, globe const ructer,
x. 682.
MoLLUSCA, division of animal kingdom,
xvi. 632; ii. 53; distribution of, vn.
279, 283; embryology, XX. 419; hiber
nation, XI. 789 ; histology, xn. 7 ;
organs of touch in, xxin. 478; repro
duction of, xx. 409; in Lankester's
classification, xxiv. 813.
MOLLUSCOIDS, division of animal king
dom, IV. 1 88.
MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM, skin dis
ease, XXII. 121.
MOLLY MAGUIRES, mining combination,
Pennsylvania, U.S.A., xvin. 504.
MOLLY MAWK, bird, ix. 817; xv. 334.
MOLOCH, Semitic divinity, xvi. 695.
CALLITHRIX, ape, 11. 155.
HORRIDUS, species of lizards, xiv.
737-
MOLOGA, town, Russia, xxiv. 731.
MOLOKAI, island, Hawaiian group,
Pacific, XL 532.
MOLOKOVA, spa, Eastern Siberia, xxin.
510.
MOLON, governor of Media, xvin. 588.
MOLOSSI, ancient Greek tribe, vin.
4S3-
MOLOSSUS, genus of bats, xv. 408, 413.
MOLTKE, Count von, Prussian general,
xxiv. 582.
MOLUCCAS, islands, Indian Archipelago,
XVI. 696; XII. 815; birds of, III. 740.
MOLVA, genus of fishes, Xiv. 668.
MOLYBDENITE, mineral, xvi. 394; xvi.
697.
MOLYBDENUM, chemical element, xvi.
697; v. 541.
MOLYBDITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
MOLYN, Pieter de, Dutch painter, vin.
735-
MOLYNEUX, William, friend of John
Locke, Xiv. 754; his plea for Irish
independence, xm. 269.
MOLYSITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
MOMBASA, or Mombas, town, East
Africa, xvi. 697; mission near, I. 246.
MOMENT, in mechanics, xv. 683, 700,
732; of inertia, XV. 732.
MOMENTUM, in mechanics, xv. 677,
698, 715.
MOMIAS BAY, Patagonia, xvin. 352.
MOMMSEN, Theodor, on the influence of
the Jews in Rome, xm. 430.
MOMOTOMBO, mountain, Nicaragua,
xvn. 477.
MOMOTUS, genus of birds, xvn. 3.
MOMPESSON, Sir Giles, English mono
polist, xvi. 758.
296
M 0 N — M 0 N
MONA (Anglesea), island, "Wales, II. 30;
xv. 453.
MONACH, island, Scotland, its climate,
vi. 5.
MONACHA, genus of birds, XX. 101.
MONACHISM, or Monasticism, xvi. 698
(list of foundations, 715); monastic
libraries, xiv. 513.
, British, Fosbroke's work, ix. 470.
MONACO, principality, South Europe,
xvi. 717.
MONADIDEA, order of Protozoa, xix.
856.
MONADISM, atomic theory, ill. 37.
MONADNOCK, mountain, U.S.A., xxm.
792.
MONADS, Leibnitz's theory of, xiv. 421.
MONAGHAN, county, Ireland, xvi. 718;
representation, XXIII. 727; town, xvi.
718.
MONALDESCHI, Giovanni, Christina of
Sweden's treatment of, v. 703.
MONA LISA, Leonardo's painting, xiv.
460.
MONAMINES, in chemistry, v. 575.
MONARCHIANISM, in early Christian
theology, xvi. 718; xin. 671; moda-
listic, of Noetus, xvn. 531.
MONARCHY, Government by, xi. n;
early Roman, xx. 732.
MONASTERIES, I. 10; suppression of, in
England, vi. 606; vill. 335, 375;
XI. 664; in Old London, xiv. 844;
Lamaist, Tibet, xiv. 499.
MONASTICISM, xvi. 698; in England,
vni. 281, 286, 298, 304, 316; early
Irish, XIII. 248; in Greek Church, xi.
159; St Jerome's defence of, Xlll. 630.
MONASTIC LIBRARIES, xiv. 513.
MONASTIC VESTMENTS, vi. 463.
MONASTIC Vow, xxiv. 301.
M ON ASTIR, town, Roumelia, Turkey,
xvi. 719; i. 448; plain, xv. 136.
, town, Tunis, XXIII. 620.
MONAXONA, order of sponges, xxn.
423-
MONAXONIDA, tribe of sponges, XXII.
421.
MONAZITE, mineral, xvi. 403.
MONBODDO, Lord, Scottish judge and
philosopher, xvi. 719; on evolution,
vni. 760.
MONBUTTU, mountains, Soudan, Africa,
xxii. 277.
MONCADA, Francisco de, Spanish his
torian, xxii. 359.
MONCAYO, Sierra de, Spain, XXIV. 769.
MONCHEN-GLADBACH, town, Prussia,
x. 631.
MoNCHGUT, district, Riigen, Prussia,
xxi. 56.
MONCHSBERG, mountain, Austria, xxi.
239-
MONCRIEFF, Alexander, Scottish Seced-
er, xxill. 728.
GUN, II. 557; carriage for, IX. 451;
XI. 312.
MONCTON, town, New Brunswick, xvi.
719; xvn. 375.
MONDE, Le, Paris newspaper, xvii.
426.
MONDE vi LLE, Henri de, French surgeon,
xxii. 675.
MONDHIR, Moorish emir in Spain,
xxii. 312.
of Hira, invader of Syria, xvm.
612.
MONDINO of Bologna, father of modern
anatomy, I. 805.
MONDONEDO, town, Spain, xvi. 719.
MONDOVI, town, Italy, XVI. 720.
MONEMBASIA (Malvasia), ancient town,
Greece, xv. 346.
MONERA, division of Protozoa, II. 50.
MONEY, xvi. 720 (table, 732); coinage
of, xvi. 480; coined, xvii. 630; use of
cowry-shells as, VI. 535 ; economic
theories of, xix. 356; earliest notices
of, vi. 197; paper, in relation to ex
change, vill. 788; in relation to values,
xxiv. 5 1 ; connexion of, with units of
weight, xxiv. 482 ; Dudley North's
paradoxes on, xvm. 555.
, Colonel, on the cultivation of tea,
xxm. 99.
AND TRADE CONSIDERED, Law's
work, xiv. 369.
MONEY-ORDERS, Post-office, xix. 572.
MONFERRATO, Italian marquisate, xvi.
738.
MONGE, Gaspard, French mathematician,
xvi. 738 ; on the adherence of particles,
v. 57.
MONGHYR, district, India, xvi. 739;
town, xvi. 740.
MONGOLIA, country, Asia, II. 686; xvi.
749; in time of Marco Polo, xix.
404.
MONGOLIAN LANGUAGE, xvi. 749;
xxiv. i.
MONGOLOID TYPE, of man, n. 113.
MONGOLS, Asiatic people, xvi. 740; n.
696; XXIII. 70; affinities of, with the
Turks, xxm. 658; resemblances to
ancient Mexicans, xvi. 207; conquests
of, XIII. 620; religion of, XX. 363;
in Western Asia, xvi. 588; in China,
V. 646; in mediceval Europe, V. 132,
627; invasion of Europe by (1683),
xix. 296; invasion of Japan by, xm.
583; in Russia, xxi. 79, 90; their
overthrow of the Seljuks, xxi. 637; in
Siberia, xxii. 8.
MONGOOS, or Mungoos, carnivorous
mammal, xn. 629; xv. 436.
MONGREL, or Hybrid, xn. 422.
MONICA, mother of St Augustine, ill.
75-
MONIES, Abbreviations for, I. 29.
MONISM, in philosophy, xxm. 234;
Stoic doctrine, xxii. 563.
MONITA SECRETA, of the Jesuits, xm.
650.
MONITEUR, Paris newspaper, xvii. 424.
MONITION, in law, xvi. 751.
MONITOR, lizard, xiv. 734.
MONK, George, duke of Albemarle,
English general, xvi. 751; xn. 80; in
Scotland, xxi. 514.
of Heilsbronn, German poet, XI.
624.
MONKCHESTER (Newcastle), ancient
town, England, xvii. 379.
MONKEY-NUT, XI. 221.
MONKEYS, or Apes, n. 151; xv. 444;
man's relation to, II. 107; of South
America, I. 68 1; skins of, IX. 838;
Tibetan belief in descent from, xxm.
343-
MONK-FISH, xii. 686.
MONKLANDS RAILWAY, Scotland, XX.
224.
MONK LEWIS (Matthew G. Lewis), Eng
lish writer, xiv. 493.
MONKS, XVI. 698; I. 10, 22; their char
acter in England, vill. 373; their in
fluence on education, vn. 672; vest
ments of, VI. 463; Lamaist, in Tibet,
xiv. 500.
MONKSHOOD, plant, I. 98.
MONK'S RHUBARB, plant, vn. 310.
MONKWEARMOUTH, suburb of Sunder-
land, England, xxii. 657.
MON-LAM, Tibetan festival, xiv. 501.
MONMOUTH, county, England, xvi.
753; representation, xxm. 727; town,
XVI. 754.
, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xvi. 755.
, James, duke of, xvi. 755; vm.
350; in Scotland, xxi. 516; his rela
tions with William of Orange, xxiv.
579-
, Earl of (Charles Mordaunt), XVlil.
700.
MONNIER, Maria Therese de, Mirabeau's
correspondent Sophie, xvi. 493.
MoNOCHORD, musical instrument, XIX.
65.
MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS, IV. 92.
MONOCOTYLEDONS, subclass of plants,
xxiv. 131.
MONOCYSTIS AGILIS, species of Proto
zoa, xix. 853.
MONODELPHIA, subclass of Mammalia,
xv. 372, 383.
MONODON, genus of cetacean mammals,
xv. 398; xvii. 235.
MONOGENEA, division of trematode
worms, xxm. 539.
MONOGENIST THEORY, of origin of
races, II. 114.
MONOLITH, prehistoric stone monu
ment, n. 383; xxi. 51.
MONOLOGION, of Anselm, II. 92.
MONOMAKH, Vladimir, prince of Kieff,
Russia, xxi. 89.
MONOMYA, order of Mollusca, xvi.
685.
MONOPELTIS, genus of lacertilian
reptiles, xx. 451.
MONOPHYSITISM, in ancient church,
M 0 N — M 0 N
297
VIII. 724; XT. 155; XIII. 538, 671;
XIII. 796; Tueodoret's, XXIII. 256.
MoNOPOLl, town, Italy, xvi. 757.
MONOPOLY, MONOPOLIES, xvi. 757; in
finance, IX. 179: in patents, xvni.
354; evils of, in trade, II. 213.
VALUES, in economics, xxiv. 48.
MONOPYL^EA, order of Protozoa, xix.
850.
MONOSPOREA, order of Protozoa, Xix.
854-
MONOSTEARIN, in chemistry, x. 697.
MONOSTOMIDJE, family of trematode
worms, XXlil. 539.
MONOTHEISM, xxm. 235.
MONOTHELITES, Christian sect, XVI.
758; Xlll. 671; XX. 783; condemnation
of, by Pope Martin I., XV. 582; St
Maximus's opposition to, xv. 646.
MONOTREMATA, order of Mammalia,
vii. 628; xv. 377.
MONOTROPE^E, parasitic plants, xvni.
264.
MONRADITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
MONREALE, town, Sicily, xvi. 758.
MONRO, Alexander, Scottish surgeon,
I. 814; xxn. 676.
MONROE, town, Michigan, U.S.A.,
xvi. 761.
, James, president of the United
States, xvi. 760.
DOCTRINE, in United States
politics, xiii. 192; xvi. 761; xxin.
762.
MONROVIA, town, Liberia, West Africa,
xiv. 508; I. 269.
MONS, town, Belgium, xvi. 761.
MONSCIA (Monza), town, Italy, xvi. 798.
MONS MEG, cannon, at Edinburgh, n.
557-
MONSOONS, periodical winds, xvi. 148;
n. 690; xn. 821.
MONS SACER, near Rome, XX. 736.
MONSTER, xvi. 762; xv. 779.
MONSTRELET, Enguerrand de, French
chronicler, xvi. 766.
MONTAGNARDS, party of the French
Revolution, IX. 602.
MONTAGNE NOIRE, mountain, Cevennes,
France, xxm. 65.
MONTAGNES NOIRES, mountains,
Morbihan, France, xvi. 813.
MONTAGU, Edward, first earl of
Sandwich, xxi. 261.
, George, his ornithological diction
ary, xvni. 15, 17.
, John, fourth earl of Sandwich,
XXI. 261.
, Lady Mary "\Vortley, English
writer, xvi. 767.
MONTAGUE, Charles, earl of Halifax,
XI. 385; Xix. 743; his friendship
for Newton, xvn. 445.
MONTAIGNE, Michel de, French essayist,
XVI. 767; IX. 654; on education, vii.
674; on scepticism, xxi. 382; his
relations with Charron, v. 431.
MONTALEMBERT, Charles Forbes de,
French historian, xvi. 771; IX. 674;
xiv. 239, 240; xvn. 426; his opposi
tion to papal infallibility, xvn. 754.
MONTALET, Pic de, mountain, France,
xxin. 65,
MONTALVAN, Juan Perez de, Spanish
dramatist, xvi. 772; vii. 421.
MONTALVO, Garci Ordonez de, Spanish
romancist, XXII. 355; XX. 655.
MONTANA, Territory, U.S.A., xvi. 772;
mines, XXIII. 815, 8 1 6.
MONTANA DOTA, mountain range,
Central America, vi. 449.
MONTANES, Spanish sculptor, XXI. 567.
MONTANISM, in early church, XVI. 774;
v. 701; under Justinian, Xlll. 796.
MONTANITE, mineral, xvi. 403.
MONTANUS, founder of Montanism,
XVI. 775.
(Giovanni de Monte), Italian
physician, xv. 808, 809.
MONTARGIS, town, France, xvi. 777.
MONTASIR, caliph, xvi. 585.
MONTATAIRE, town, France, xvn. 749.
MONTAUBAN, town, France, XVI. 778.
MONTBEILLARD, Guenau de, on birds,
XVIII. 6.
MONTBELIARD, town, France, xvi. 778.
MONTCALM, Marquis of, French general,
xx. 167; xxm. 735; xxiv. 630.
MONTCORBIER, De (Francis Villon),
French poet and adventurer, XXIV.
232.
MONT DE PIETE, national pawnbroking
office, Paris, xvi 1 1. 283.
MONT-DORE-LES-BAINS, town, France,
xvi. 779; xx. 120; mineral water of,
xvi. 435.
MONTE, Gian Maria del (Pope Julius
III.), xin. 772.
MONTEBELLO, Italy, Battle of (1859),
in. 138.
, Jean Lannes, Due de, French
marshal, xiv. 289.
MONTE CARLO, suburb of Monaco, xvi.
717.
MONTE CASINO, or Cassino, Abbey of,
Italy, xvi. 778; I. n; 111.557; xxm.
832; library, XIV. 513, 531.
MONTE CHRISTO, Dumas' s romance,
vn. 522.
MONTECORVINO, John, archbishop of
Peking, v. 628; xvi. 742.
MONTE CRISTO, island, Italy, xin. 440.
MONTECUCULI, Raimondo, count of,
Austrian general, xvi. 778.
MONTEFELTRO, Federigo da, count of
Urbino, xxiv. 9.
, Guidubaldo, count of Urbino,
xxiv. 9.
MONTEGO BAY, Jamaica, xin. 549.
MONTELEONE of Apulia, town, Italy,
XVI. 779.
of Calabria, town, Italy, xvi.
779-
MONTELIMAR, town, France, xvi. 779.
MONTEM, procession, at Eton, England,
VIIL 632.
MONTEMAYOR, Jorge de, Spanish
pastoral poet, xvni. 346; xxn. 357.
MONTENEGRO, country, Europe, xvi.
779; Greek Church of, XI. 158; litera
ture of, xxi. 691.
MONTERAN, Pierre de, Parisian archi
tect, XVIII. 288.
MONTEREAU-FAUT-YONNE, town,
France, xxi. 625.
MONTEREGIO, Joh. de (Regiomontanus),
German astronomer, xx. 341.
MONTEREY, town, California, U.S.A.,
xvi. 781.
— , town, Mexico, XVI. 782, 214.
MONTE SAN GIULIANO, town, Sicily,
xvi. 782.
MONTE SANT' ANGELO, town, Italy,
xvi. 782.
MONTESPAN, Madame de, mistress of
Louis XIV. of France, IX. 578; XV.
3°4-
MONTESQUIEU, C. L.de Secondat, Baron
de, French writer, xvi. 782; IX. 667;
his economic teaching, XIX. 359; in
fluence of his writings, IX. 592.
MONTEVERDE, Claudio, Italian musical
composer, xvi. 785; xvn. 86.
MONTEVIDEO, town, Uruguay, South
America, XVI. 786.
MONTEZUMA, emperor of ancient
Mexico, VI. 441; xvi. 209.
MONTFAUCON, Bernard de, French
critic and scholar, xvi. 787.
MONTFERRAT, or Monferrato, Italian
marquisate, xvi. 738.
MONTFORT, Simon de, crusader, XVI.
787; ix. 541; xx. 322.
, Simon de, political leader, xvi.
787; vin. 310; XL 658; xvni. 304.
MONTGOLFIER, Stephen and Joseph,
discoverers of the balloon, I. 187.
MONTGOMERIE, Alexander, early Scot
tish poet, xvi. 790; xxi. 542.
, Archibald William, earl of
Eglinton, vn. 699.
MONTGOMERY, county, Wales, xvi. 788;
representation, xxin. 727; town, xvi.
789.
, district, India, XVI. 789; XX. 109;
town, XVI. 789.
, town, Alabama, U.S.A., xvi. 790.
, Alexander, Scottish poet, xvi. 790;
xxi. 542.
, Arnulph de, Welsh chief, xvni.
482.
, James, English poet, XVI. 790;
hymns by, xn. 595.
, Richard, American revolutionary
general, xxin. 790.
— , Robert, English poet, xvi. 790.
, Roger de, earl of Shrewsbury,
xxi. 845.
MONTH, of the calendar, IV. 665; n.
800; XXIV. 791; sidereal, II. 774,
800.
XXV. — 38
298
M 0 N — M 0 K
MONTHELON, Sainte de (Madame do
Chantal), French religieuse, IX. 696.
MONTHLY REVIEWS AND MAGAZINES,
xviii. 536, 537.
MONTI, Vincenzo, Italian writer, XIII.
514.
MONTICELLITE, mineral, xvi. 410.
MONTICOLA, genus of birds, xxm.
322.
MONTIEL, Spain, Battle of (1369), XVIII.
451.
MONTI LLA, town, Spain, XVI. 790; wine
of, XXIV. 607.
MONTLEHERI, France, Battle of (1465),
IX. 552.
MONTLUC, Blaise de Lasseran-Massen-
come, Seigneur de, French governor
and writer, xvi. 791; ix. 653.
MONTLUC.ON, town, France, XVI. 791.
MONTMARTRE, Heights of, Paris, xvm.
274.
MONTMIRAIL, France, Battle of (1814),
XVII. 221.
MONTMOR, Louis de, Tomb of, in
Perpignan, France, xvm. 556.
MONTMORENCY, river, Canada, xx.
165; falls, xxi. 181.
, distinguished French family, xvi.
791.
, Anne, Due de, constable of France,
xvi. 791; ix. 557.
BOUTTEVILLE, Due de Luxem
bourg, French general, XV. 86.
MONTMORILLONITE, mineral, xvi. 424.
MONTMOROT, Salt mines of, France,
xiv. 868.
MONTOLIEU, Frederic, explorer of Ori
noco, South America, xvn. 844.
MONTORO, town, Spain, xvi. 792.
MONTPELIER, town, Vermont, U.S.A.,
xvi. 792.
MONTPELLIER, town, France, xvi. 792;
academy of sciences, I. 71 ; medical
school, xv. 807 ; university, xxm.
838.
MONTPENSIER, Duchcsse de, French
princess, XVI. 792.
MONTREAL, town, Canada, xvi. 793;
XXI. 181; climate of, IV. 771; Victoria
Bridge at, IV. 339; university, XXIII.
856.
— , Island of, Canada, xvi. 795; xx.
165.
D'ABARNO, organizer of condot-
tieri, vi. 256.
MONTREAU-LES-MlNES, town, France,
XXI. 302.
• MONTREUIL, town, France, xvin. 340;
xxi. 624.
MONTREUX, town, Switzerland, xxiv.
115.
MONTROSE, town, Scotland, xvi. 795.
, First Marquis of, xvi. 795; xxi.
Si3-
MONTROUGE, Hill of, Paris, XVIII. 274.
MONT ST MICHEL, islet, French coast,
xvi. 796.
MONTSERRAT, island, West Indies,
xvi. 797.
— , mountain, Spain, XVI. 797; mona
stery on, xvi. 797.
MONTSOURIS, Paris, Observatory at,
xvn. 712.
MONTUCLA, Jean Etienne, French ma
thematician, xvi. 798; on Theodosius's
spherics, XXIII. 260.
MONUMENTAL EFFIGIES AND BRASSES,
vn. 694.
MONUMENTS, Rude stone, xxi. 50.
MONUMENTUM ANCYRANUM, inscrip
tion at Angora, II. 45; xm. 133.
MON-YUL, district, Tibet, xxi 1 1. 341.
MONZA, town, Italy, xvi. 798; cathedral
of, xxm. 194.
MONZON, Spain, Treaty of (1626), ix.
568.
MOOLA, river, Baluchistan, ill. 302.
MOOLTAN, or Multan, district, India,
xvn. 19; town, xvn. 20.
MOON, The, xvi. 798; II. 774; elements
of, II. 782; influence of, on atmo
spheric pressure, xvi. 124; calendar
regulated by, iv. 668 ; longitude found
from culminations of, XXlil. 395;
Greek legends of, XI. 680; libration
of, Mayer's observations on, xv. 649;
light from, xvm. 842; influence on
terrestrial magnetism, xvi. 178 ;
marine observations by means of, xvn.
269, 272; motion of, XI. 74; myths
of, xvn. 157; nutation of, xvn. 260;
parallax of, xvm. 252; phases of, n.
797; evolution of, in relation to tides,
xxm. 378 ; influence of, on tides,
xxm. 353, 354, 356, 365, 368; zodi
acal light of, XXIV. 797; Kant's dis
cussions on, xm. 847 ; Ptolemy's
observations on, xx. 90.
, New, Jewish festival, XXI. 125.
MOON-DIAL, vii. 154.
MOONGA, silkworm, XXII. 60.
MOONSTONE, mineral, xvi. 419.
MOOR, Captain W., Arctic explorer, XIX.
318-
MOOR-BUZZARD, bird, XI. 491.
MOORCROFT, William, English traveller,
xvi. 803.
MOORE, Edward, English dramatist,
xvi. 803.
— , Francis, his almanac, I. 591.
— , Sir John, British general, xvi. 804;
his campaign . in Spain, xvn. 214;
Wolfe's Lines on the Burial of, XXIV.
630.
, John, Scottish traveller and novel
ist, xvi. 803.
, Sir Jonas, his contributions to
navigation, xvn. 256.
-, Thomas, Irish poet, xvi. 805.
MOORFIELDS, London, XIV. 848.
MOOR-FOWL, or Grouse, bird, XL 222.
MOOR-HEN, or Water-Hen, bird, xvi.
808.
MOORING, of ships, xxi. 597.
MOORING ANCHORS, n. 8.
MOOR PARK, Hertfordshire, England,
XL 772.
MOORS, race of people, Africa, I. 261;
xvi. 834; in Spain, xxn. 309, 327
330; expulsion of, from Spain, IX.
82.
MOORSHEDABAD, or Murshidabad, dis
trict and town, India, xvn. 63.
MOORSOM SYSTEM, of tonnage, xxm.
442.
MOORUK, bird, v. 186.
MOOSE, deer, VII. 24.
MOOSEHEAD, Lake, Maine, U.S.A., xv.
298.
MOOSEHILLOCK, or Moosilauke, moun
tain, Appalachians, U.S.A., xxm. 792.
MOOSSEEDORF, lake-dwelling, Bern,
Switzerland, xiv. 223.
MOOT, early English council, XVIII. 302.
MOOTS, law exercises, xni. 88.
MOPH (Memphis), town of Scripture,
XV. 847.
MOPLAS, race, India, xn. 746; xv. 185.
MOQUEGUA, town, Peru, XVIII. 674.
MOQUETTE CARPETS, v. 130.
MOQUIS, American-Indian tribe, XII.
833-
MORA, mountain, New Mexico, U.S.A.,
xvn. 399.
, Albert de (Pope Gregory VIII.),
XL 178.
MORADABAD, or Muradabad, district
and town, India, xvn. 33.
MORAINES, glacier debris, x. 281, 627.
MORALEDA CHANNEL, Patagonia, xvin.
352.
MORALIA, Plutarch's, XIX. 233.
MAGNA (Great Ethics), Aristotle's,
II. 513.
MORALITIES, or Moral Plays, vn. 413,
415; English, vin. 416; early French,
ix. 645.
MORALITY, as affected by the Renais
sance, xx. 387.
MORAL PHILOSOPHY, or Ethics (q.v.\
vin. 574.
MORALS, Science of, see Ethics; influ
ence of Christianity on, v. 697.
MORAL SENSE, or Conscience (q.v.\ vin.
600; Hutcheson on, XII. 409.
MORAL SENTIMENTS, Theory of, Adam
Smith's work, XXII. 169; VIII. 602.
MORAL THEOLOGY, or Theological
Ethics, xxm. 275; Rothe on, xxi. 2;
xxm. 269.
MORAL THEOLOGY, Liguori's work, xiv.
634-
MORANT BAY INSURRECTION, Jamaica,
xni. 551.
MORAR, Loch, Scotland, xiv. 217.
MORAT, Switzerland, Battle of (1476),
v. 425; ix. 764; xxn. 787.
, Lake of, Switzerland, xiv. 220;
xvn. 361; xxn. 777.
MORATCHA, river, Montenegro, xvi.
780.
M O R— M 0
MORATIN, Lcandro Fernandez dc,
Spanish dramatist and poet, xvi. 809;
xxn. 361.
— , Nicolas Fernandez de, Spanish
poet, xvi. 809.
MORAY A, river, Moravia, xvi. Sio.
, river, Servia, XXI. 686.
MORAVIA, crownland, Austria-Hungary,
xvi. 8 10.
MORAVIAN BRETHREN, society of
Christians, xvi. 81 1 ; XXIV. 789; their
missions, xvi. 516; Spangenberg's
connexion with, xxn. 368; Zinzen-
dorf's, xxiv. 789.
MORAVIANS, Slavonic people of Europe,
XXII. 145; Episcopal Church of the,
viii. 491.
MORAY, or Murray, Earl of, regent of
Scotland, xvn. 62; xxi. 503.
MORAYSHIRE, or Elgin, county, Scot
land, viii. 129.
MORBEGNO, town, Italy, XXIV. 45.
MORBHANJ (Keunjhar), state, India,
xiv. 54.
MORBID ANATOMY, Study of, xv. Si 6.
MORBIHAN, department, France, xvi.
812.
MORCHELLA, genus of Fungi, xvn. 76.
MORDANTS, in dyeing, vn. 573; in
calico printing, IV. 686.
MORDAUNT, Charles, earl of Peter
borough, xvm. 700.
MORDECAI, of Scripture, viii. 560.
MORDVA, or Mordviuians, race, Russia,
xvi. 813.
MORDVINE LANGUAGES, Dictionaries
of, vn. 1 88.
MORDVINIANS, Ural-Altaic people,
Russia, xvi. 813, 45.
MORE, Ben, mountain, Perthshire, Scot
land, xvm. 666.
, Sir Anthony, Dutch painter, xvi.
830.
— , Hannah, English writer, xvi. 814.
— , Henry, English philosopher, xvi.
814; xvil. 134; his ethical teaching,
viii. 597.
— , Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas
More, xvi. 819.
-, Sir Thomas, lord chancellor of
England, xvi. 815; his execution, VIII.
335; XI. 664; on communism, vi. 212;
as an English scholar, viii. 414, 416;
his hatred of Lutheranism, viii. 374.
MOREA, peninsula, Greece, xi. 81.
MOREAU, Hegesippe, French poet, xvi.
819.
— , Jean Victor, French general, xvi.
820; ill. 130; his rivalry with
Napoleon, xvu. 202, 204; his death,
XVII. 220.
MOREH HANNEBOKIM, of Mahnonides,
xv. 296.
MOREL, edible fungus, xvu. 76.
— (Eustache Deschamps), French poet,
VII. 128.
MORELIA, town, Mexico, xvi. 820, 214.
MoRELLET, Andre, French political
economist, xvi. 821.
MORELOS, state, Mexico, XVI. 214.
, Jose Maria, Mexican leader, xvi.
219.
MORENA, fish, XVII. 34.
, Sierra, Spain, xxil. 294.
MORENO, Gabriel, Peruvian botanist,
xvm. 675.
MORENOSITE, mineral, xvi. 401.
MORERI, Louis, his Grand Dictionnaire
Historique, viii. 194.
MORESBY ISLAND, British Columbia,
xx. 170.
MORESQUE, in decoration, n. 234.
MORETO, Augustin, Spanish dramatist,
xvi. 821; vii. 422; xxii. 359.
MORETON BAY, Queensland, Australia,
xx. 171.
MORETTO, II (Alessandro Bonviciuo),
Italian painter, xxi. 436.
MORETUS, Flemish printer, XIX. 177.
MORGAGNI, Giovanni Battista, Italian
anatomist, xvi. 821; I. 813; xv. 813.
MORGAN, Edwin D., American politician,
xxni. 790.
— , Henry, buccaneer, IV. 409.
— , Sydney Owenson, Lady, English
novelist and critic, XVI. 823.
— , Thomas, on deism, vn. 35.
— , Mount, gold-mines, Queensland,
xx. 173.
MORGANA, Legend of, v. 325.
MORGANATIC MARRIAGE, xv. 569.
MORGAN LOAN, of France, xvn. 244.
MORGARTEN, Switzerland, Battles of
(1315, 1798), xxii. 783, 793.
MORGES, lake-dwelling, Geneva, Xiv.
223.
MORGHEN, Raffaello Sanzio, Italian
engraver, XVI. 824.
MORGUES, deadhouses, v. 331.
MORHOF, Daniel Georg, German writer,
xvi. 824.
MORIAH, Mount, Jerusalem, xvi. 824.
MORICONI, Pietro, archbishop, and
Pisan admiral, XIX. 1 19.
MORIER, James, English traveller and
Oriental writer, XVI. 824.
MORILLON, bird, xvi. 824.
MORIMO, divinity of the Bechuanas, in.
478.
MORIMOND, France, Abbey of, v. 793.
MORIN, or Morinus, Jean, French Catho
lic theologian, xvi. 824.
MORIORIS, tribe, Chatham Islands,
Pacific, v. 444.
MORISCOES, or Moors, in Spain, xxn.
326, 330.
MORISON, Robert, his classification of
plants, IV. 79.
MORISONIANS, Scottish religious sect,
Viii. 726.
MORK, Jakob Henrik, Swedish novelist,
XXII. 756.
MORL, Maria von, Stigmata of, xxn.
550.
MORLACHS, Vlacli people, Dalmatia,
xxiv. 270.
MORLAIX, town, France, xvi. 825.
MORLAND, George, English painter,
xvi. 825.
, Samuel, on plant reproduction, iv.
82.
MORMAER, ancient Scottish title, xv.
524.
MORMONS, religious sect, xvi. 825;
Mormonism, XVI. 828 ; xxi. 235 ;
XXIV. 21.
MORMOPS, genus of bats, xv. 414.
MORNAY, Philippe de, French Pro
testant writer, xvi. 628.
MORNING ADVERTISER, London news
paper, XVIL 419.
MORNING CHRONICLE, London news
paper, xvn. 417.
MORNING POST, London newspaper,
xvii. 417.
MORNY, Due de, French politician, xvi.
829.
MORO, Attoni, Dutch painter, xvi. 830;
xxi. 439.
MOROCCO, country, North Africa, XVI.
830; I. 265; Jews in, xin. 687;
weights and measures of, xxiv. 490.
— , town, North Africa, XVI. 835.
- LEATHER, xiv. 388.
MOROCOCHITE, mineral, xvi. 394.
MORON, or Moron de la Frontera, town,
Spain, xvi. 836; xxi. 708.
MORONE, Pietro di (Pope Celestine V.),
v. 291.
MORONI, Giambattista, Italian painter,
xvi. 836; xxi. 436.
MOROSINI, Venetian noble family, xvi.
836.
-, Francesco, doge of Venice and
admiral, xvi. 837; XI. 121; XIII. 484;
xxiv. 147.
MOROTAI, island, Indian Archipelago,
xni. 692.
MORPETH, town, England, xvi. 837.
-, Lord (seventh earl of Carlisle),
English statesman, v. no.
MORPHEUS, in Latin mythology, xvi.
837-
MORPHIA, narcotic drug, xvn. 231,
792.
MORPHOGRAPHY, in zoology, xxiv.
803.
MORPHOLOGY, science of organic form,
xvi. 837; in. 68 1 ; xx. 420; in relation
to evolution, viii. 750; to physiology,
xix. 8; of Protozoa, xix. 832; of
Schizomycetes, xxi. 401.
MORPHY, Paul, American chess-player,
v. 602.
MORRICE-DANCE, XVI. 846.
MORRIN COLLEGE, Quebec, Canada,
xx. 169.
MORRIS, Robert, American statesman,
xvi. 846.
William, English artistic designer,
300
M 0 II — M 0 T
MORRISANIA, suburb of New York,
xvn. 458.
MORRIS-DANCE, xvi. 846.
MORRISON, John, paraphrases and
hymns by, XII. 593.
, Robert, missionary to China, xvi.
846.
— , Mount, Formosa, ix. 415.
OBSERVATORY, Glasgow, Missouri,
U.S.A., xvn. 715.
MORRISTOWN, town, New Jersey,
U.S.A., xvi. 847.
MORRONE, Monte, Italy, Monastery of,
xxn. 634.
MORSE, walrus, xv. 443; xxiv. 337.
, Samuel Finley Breese, American
inventor, xvi. 847; his contributions
to telegraphy, XXIII. 113, 119.
MORSHANSK, town, Eussia, xvi. 848;
XXIII. 41.
MORSZTYN, Count Andrew, Polish
courtier and poet, XIX. 290, 302.
MORTALITY, in hospitals, xn. 302; by
suicide, xxil. 629; tables of, for in
surance purposes, xm. 169. See also
Longevity.
— , Bills of, xxn. 462.
MORTAR, of lime, xiv. 647; making of,
IV. 460; Roman, XX. 808, 809.
, gun, XL 306.
MORTARIUM, Roman dish, XIX. 619.
MORTE D' ARTHUR, romance, XX. 642 ;
Malory's, x. 173; xv. 337.
MORTEIRA, Saul Levi, Dutch rabbi,
xxn. 400.
MORTGAGE, in law, xvi. 848; xxin.
596; on land, xiv. 265, 270; in Roman
law, XX. 690; Welsh, iv. 254.
MORTIFICATION, or Gangrene, xvi. 849;
treatment of, xxn. 683.
MORTIMER, John, on the Art of Hus
bandry, I. 299.
— , Roger, earl of March, vill. 320,
327-
, Roger, courtier of Edward II.'s
and III.'s reigns, VII. 683.
MORTLAKE, Surrey, England, Tapestry
manufacture at, xxin. 213.
MORTMAIN, Statutes of, xvi. 849; v.
401; vill. 373; xxin. 596; as applied
to corporations, vi. 433.
MORTO DA FELTRE, Italian painter, ix.
69.
MORTON, Fourth Earl of, regent of
Scotland, xvi. 849; Xlli. 558; xxi.
506.
, Oliver P., American politician,
xxin. 790.
-, Samuel George, on the American
races, I. 686.
MoRU, temple, at Lhasa, Tibet, xiv.
499-
MORULA, in animal development, II. 51 ;
vin. 746.
MORUS, genus of trees, xvn. 13.
— , Alexander, Milton's answer to,
xvi. 333.
MORVAN, district, France, XVII. 496.
MORVEAU, Baron Guyton do, French
chemist, XI. 343; v. 466.
MORVENITE, mineral, xvi. 423.
MORZUK, or Murzuk, oasis and town,
Sahara, Africa, xvn. 695; xxi. 150.
MOSAIC, tesselated work, xvi. 849; xm.
Si; ancient, 1 1. 367; in Monreale
cathedral, xvi. 759; in Ravennese
churches, XX. 296.
— LAW, Philo's exposition of the,
XVlil. 763.
MOSAISM, religion of Israel, XIII. 399;
xx. 361.
MOSAMBIQUE SUBREGION, of birds, III.
759-
MOSANDRITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
MOSANDRIUM, Spectrum of, xxi I. 377.
MOSASAURUS, genus of fossil reptiles, I.
679; xx. 445.
MOSCHA (Muscat), ancient town, Arabia,
XVII. 64.
MOSCHELES, Ignaz, Austrian pianist,
xvi. 855.
MOSCHEROSCH, Joliann Michael, Ger
man satirist, x. 531.
MOSCHOPOLIS, town, Epirus, xxiv.
270.
MOSCHUS, genus of deer, xv. 430, 432;
xvii. 107.
- of Syracuse, Greek poet, xvi.
855-
Moscow, government, Russia, xvi. 855;
xxi. 69.
— , town, Russia, xvi. 856; xxi. 70;
founding of, XXI. 90 ; burning of
(1812), IX. 616; XVII. 217; great bell
of, ill. 539; libraries, xiv. 533, 549;
newspapers, xvii. 430; observatory,
xvn. 714; university, xxin. 852.
MOSELEKATZE, Zulu chief, Transvaal,
xxin. 518; xxiv. 828.
MOSELLE, river, Rhenish Prussia, xx.
20; in France, XX. 519.
- WINES, xxiv. 611.
MOSER, Johan Jakob, German jurist,
xvi. 860.
— , Mary, Swiss artist, xiv. 16.
MOSER, Justus, German historian and
economist, X. 535; XVlil. 56; xix.
364-
MOSES, of Scripture, xvi. 860; xm.
397; as prophet, XIX. 816.
— , Apocalypse of, II. 177. See also n.
176.
— , Assumption of, apocalyptic book,
it. 177.
— of Aggel, Syriac writer, XXIL 836.
— of Chorene, Armenian historian,
xvi. 861; n. 550, 551.
BAR KEPHA, Syriac writer, XXIL
846.
MOSES'S PRINCIPIA, Hutchinson'swork,
xii. 411.
MOSHEH, rabbi, Talmudist, XXIII. 39.
-— , rabbi of Leon, Kabbalistic writer,
xvi. 286.
MOSHEIM, Joliann Lorenx von, German
church historian, xvi. 863; v. 765.
MOSKEN, island, Norway, xiv. 769 ;
xxiv. 542.
MOSKEN/ES, island, Norway, xiv. 769;
xxiv. 542.
MOSKENSTROM, tidal current, Norway,
xxiv. 542.
MOSKOWA, Prince de la (Marshal Ne\ ),
French general, xvn. 472.
MOSLEM RELIGION, or Mohammed
anism (q.v.), XVI. 545.
MOSLIM, Abu, Abbasid general, xvi.
576, 578.
— BEN OKBA, Moslem general, xvi.
568.
Mosos, Tibetan tribe, xxin. 344.
MOSQUE, Mohammedan place of wor
ship, xvi. 863; architecture of, 11.446;
mural decorations in, xvn. 35 ; mosques
at Baghdad, ill. 232; atBijapur, India,
in. 669; at Constantinople, vi. 305;
the Great, at Damascus, vi. 791 ; at
Herat, XL 7 14; at Kairwan, Tunis, XIII.
824; the Great, at Mecca, xv. 672, 674;
of Mohammed, at Medina, xv. 819.
MOSQUITO, insect, xvi. 866; x. 700;
Xlli. 150; as a propagator of disease,
XVIIL 271.
- RESERVE (or COAST), Nicaragua,
xvii. 479.
MOSRIF, Moslem general, xvi. 568.
Moss-AGATE, mineral, i. 278; xvi.
389-
MOSSAMEDES, government, West Africa,
in. 572.
MpSSBUNKER, fish, XVI. IO.
MOSSES, group of plants, xvi. 70; xxiv.
128; reproduction in, iv. 161 ; xx.
423; herbarium for, xi. 718.
MOSSLEY, town, England, xvi. 867.
Mosso, his observations on sleep, xxil.
155-
MOSTADI BI-AMR-ILLAH, caliph, XVI.
588.
MOSTAIN BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 585.
MOSTAKFI BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 587.
MOSTANJID BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 588.
MOSTANSIR BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 588.
MOSTAR, town, Herzegovina, xvi. 867.
MOSTARSHID BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 588.
MOSTASIM BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 588.
MOSTAZHIR BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 588.
MOSUL, town, Mesopotamia, xvi. 868.
MOTACILLA, genus of birds, xiv. 82;
xvii. 499; XVIIL 53; xxiv. 316, 366.
MOTADID BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 586.
MOTAGUA, river, Guatemala, XL 239.
MOTAMID ALA LLAH, caliph, XVI. 586.
MOTANABBI, Arabic poet, xvn. i; xvi.
595-
MOTANE, island, Marquesas, Pacific, xv.
564.
MOTASIM BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 584.
MOTAWAKKIL, caliph, xvi. 585.
, Moorish leader, in Spain, xxi I.
M 0 T — M U D
301
MOTAZILITES, Moslem sect, XVI. 576,
592.
MOTAZZ BILLAH, caliph, XVI. 586.
MOTENEBBI, or Motanabbi, Arabic poet,
xvii. i; xvi. 595.
MOTET, in music, xvn. 82.
MOTEUCZOMA (Montezuma), king of
ancient Mexico, vi. 441; xvi. 209.
3VIOTHE, Marquis de la, French diplo
matist, IX. 72.
MOTHER CAREY'S CHICKENS, birds,
xvin. 712.
MOTHER HUBBARD'S TALE, Spenser's
poem, xxn. 395.
MOTHER-OF-PEARL, shell, xvn. i ;
fishery, xvm. 447.
MOTHERWELL, town, Scotland, xvn.
2.
— , William, Scottish poet, XVII. 2.
MOTHS, insects, iv. 592; xm. 151; silk
worm moths, xxii. 57.
Mo Tl, Chinese philosopher, XVI. 4.
MOTI LILLAH, caliph, xvi. 587.
MOTI MASJID, mosque, Agra, India, I.
286.
MOTION, in applied mechanics, XV. 752;
in relation to energy, VIII. 207; laws
of, XV. 701, 715, 746; science of
matter in, XV. 676; Trendelenburg's
philosophical theory of, XXIII. 543;
Zeno's theory, xxiv. 778.
, Animal, ix. 308.
— , Perpetual, xvm. 553.
-MOTLEY, John Lothrop, American
historian, xvn. 2; I. 724.
MOTMOT, bird, xvn. 3.
MOTOR MACHINE, Electric, xxin. 496,
508.
MOTORS, people, Russia, xxi. 251.
MOTRIL, town, Spain, xvi I. 4.
MOTT, Valentine, American surgeon,
xvn. 4.
MOTTAKI LILLAH, caliph, XVI. 587.
MOTTE, La, mountain, Utah, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 19.
MOTTE-FOUQUE, Baron de la, German
writer, IX. 486.
MOTTEUX, Peter, English journalist,
xvin. 537.
MOTTEVILLE, Madame de, French
courtier and authoress, xvn. 4; ix.
660.
MOTTO, in heraldry, XL 710.
MOTTRAMITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
MOTYA, ancient stronghold, Sicily, xv.
571.
MOTYCA (Modica), ancient town, Sicily,
xvi. 542.
MOUCHY, Mareehal de (Philippe de
Noailles), French general, xvii. 523.
MOUFFLON, kind of sheep, xxi. 784;
xxin. 635.
MOUKDEN, town, Manchuria, V. 641 ;
xv. 466.
MOULDING, in architecture, II. 467; in
joinery, iv. 487; Greek, II. 408;
Roman, 1 1. 418.
MOULDS, for castings, IX. 480.
MOULE, Henry, his Manure for the
Million, I. 349.
MOULIN, Peter du, French Presbyterian
divine, xvi. 333.
MOULINS, in glaciers, x. 627.
— , town, France, xvi I. 4.
MOULMEIN (Maulmain), town, British
Burmah, xv. 635.
MOULSEY, East, town, England, xxn.
694.
MOULT, of birds, in. 775.
MOULTRIE, John, poet pastor of Rugby,
xxi. 56.
MOUNDS, Animal, of Wisconsin, xxiv.
618.
— AND MOUND-BUILDERS, of North
America, III. 399.
MOUNTAIN, The, French Revolutionist
party, ix. 602.
— ARTILLERY, n. 662.
— LEATHER, mineral, xvi. 418.
— PAPER, mineral, XVI. 418.
— RANGES, Elie de Beaumont's
theory of, VIII. 134.
MOUNTAINS, xvii. 4; x. 370; arrange
ment of, in ranges, I. 623.
MOUNTED INFANTRY, Tactical manage
ment of, xxiv. 358.
MOUNTJOY, Lord, lord lieutenant of
Ireland, XIII. 265.
MOUNTMELLICK, town, Ireland, XX.
171.
MOUNTRATH, town, Ireland, XX. 171.
MOUNT VERNON, town, Ohio, U.S.A.,
xvii. 4.
MOUNT VERNON, Virginia, U.S.A.,
Washington's residence, XXIV. 388.
MOURILLON, arsenal, Toulon, France,
xxin. 484.
MOURNE MOUNTAINS, Ireland, vn.
382.
MOURROUS, mountain, France, XX.
126.
MOURZUK, or Murzuk, town, Fezzan,
Africa, ix. 130; xxin. 575.
MOUSE, rodent mammal, xvn. 5; xv.
419; red field, XXIV. 277.
— , Jumping, of Labrador, xin.
626.
MOUSE-BIRD, xvn. 6.
MOUSTIERS, Basses-Alpes, France,
Pottery ware of, xix. 630.
MOUTAN P^ONY, plant, xvin. 132.
MOUTH, Anatomy of the, I. 837; vn.
221; of fishes, xn. 636, 654; of mam
mals, xv. 361.
MOUTIERS, town, Savoie, France, xxi.
332.
MoUTON (Jean of Lorraine), musician,
xvn. 85.
MOVABLE PROPERTY, in Roman law,
xx. 673 ; in Scots law, xvin. 665 ;
personal estate, xvm. 664.
MOVERS, Franz Karl, German Orient
alist, XVII. 7 ; on the Pentateuch,
xvm. 506.
MOWATTA, book of Moslem traditions,
xvi. 594.
MOWING MACHINE, agricultural imple
ment, i. 323.
Mow RUNIPORE (Man Ranipur), town,
India, xv. 636.
MOXUENE, ancient district, Asia, xiv.
159.
MOY, river, Ireland, xv. 650; xxi I.
159.
MOY'S AERIAL STEAMER, ix. 323.
MOYUNE, green tea, China, v. 635.
MOZABITES, people of Algeria, I. 564.
MOZAMBIQUE, province and island,
East Africa, xvn. 7; I. 270; languages
of, xxiv. 828; opium cultivation of,
xvn. 792.
MOZARAB, name applied to Christian
communities in Arab Spain, xvn. 8.
MOZARABIC BREVIARY, Hymns of the,
xii. 582.
MOZART, Leopold, German violinist,
xvii. 8.
— , Wolfgang Amadeus, German com
poser, xvii. 8; as symphonist, xvn.
96; dementi's contest with, v. 824.
MOZDOK, town, Russian Caucasia, xvn.
ii ; xxin. 186.
MOZLEY, James Bowling, English theo
logian, XVII. 12.
MOZUFFERNUGGER, district and town.
India, xvn. 114.
MOZUFFERPORE, district and town,
India, xvn. 114.
MOZYR, town, Russia, xvi. 479.
MRS CAUDLE'S CURTAIN LECTURES,
Jerrold's work, xin. 633.
MRS VEAL, Defoe's book, vn. 28, 468.
MSTINO, lake, Russia, xxin. 672.
MTESA, king of Uganda, Africa, xxin.
718.
MTSENSK, town, Russia, xvn. 12, 826.
MTZHET, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
xxin. 514.
MUANDA, town, Loango, Africa, xiv.
743-
MUAWWIYAH, or Moawiya, Aral)
governor of Syria, II. 258; XVI. 563,
564.
MUCA B. NOSAIR, Moslem general, xvi.
572.
MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING, Shake
speare's play, xxi. 764.
MUCH WENLOCK, town, England,
xxiv. 501.
MUCILAGE, viscid substance, xvn. 12;
XL 276.
MUCKROSS ABBEY, Kerry, Ireland, xiv.
52, 76.
MUCORINI, suborder of Fungi, IX.
830.
Mucous GLANDS, of the mouth, vn.
222.
Mucous MEMBRANE, i. 847; xvn. 668;
catarrhal diseases of, xvin. 378.
Mucous SARCOMA, disease, xvin. 369.
MUDAR GUM, XL 339.
302
M U D — M U N
MUDDIMAN, Henry, English news-book
writer, xvn. 414.
MUD-FlSH, XII. 688.
MUD MlTE, arachnid, xvi. 528.
MUDROS, town, Lemnos, Turkey, XIV.
436.
MUDSTONE, mineral, x. 237.
MUD VOLCANOES, x. 250.
MUFFAT, Georg, German musician,
xvii. 90.
MUFFLE FURNACE, ix. 842.
MUFFLON, kind of sheep, xxi. 784;
xxni. 635.
MUFTI, Grand, high-priest of Islam,
XXII. 661.
MUGA, silkworm, xxn. 60.
MuGETO (Mogahid), Saracen leader, XIX.
119.
MUGGLETON, Lodowick, English sectary,
XVII. 12.
MUGHAL (Mogul), dynasty in India, xn.
794; in. 569.
MUG HALS (Moguls), class of Moham
medans, in India, XII. 746.
MUGHLA, town, Asia Minor, v. 103.
MUGIL, genus of fishes, xvn. 18.
MUG NUADAT, Irish king, xm. 246.
MUGOJAR HILLS, Ilussia, xxm. 627;
xxiv. 4.
MUHAMMAD, shah of Khwarizm, xm.
621.
• , shah of Persia, xvin. 649.
- I., Turkish sultan, xxni. 641.
II., Turkish sultan, xxni. 642,
6;6.
III., Turkish sultan, xxni. 644.
IV., Turkish sultan, xxill. 645.
MuHLECK, Barbara von, wife of Kepler,
xiv. 45.
MUHLENBERG, William A., American
hymn-writer, XII. 596.
MUHLHAUSEN, town, Prussia, XVII. 12;
xxi. 360.
MUILREA, mountain, Ireland, xv. 650.
MUIR, John, Scottish Orientalist, xvii.
13-
MuiRCERTACH, Irish king, Xlll. 254.
MUKAMA, town, India, xvni. 409.
MUKHTARI, Persian writer, xvin. 657.
MUKSU, river, Western Asia, xvin.
103.
MULA, town, Spain, xvii. 13; mineral
spring of, xvii. 51.
MULAHACEN, Cerro de, mountain, Spain,
xxii. 294.
MULAIR KOTELAH (Maler Kotla), state,
India, xv. 332.
MULATTO, issue of white and Negro
parents, xvn. 319.
MULBERRY, tree, xvn. 13; xn. 272;
leaves as food for silkworms, xxii. 58.
MULE, offspring of horse and ass, xvii.
13; xii. 175.
— , spinning machine, for cotton, VI.
496; for wool, xxiv. 659.
MULE-POWER, in mechanics, xv. 772.
MULEY SAW, xxi. 344.
MULGE, Assyrian divinity, ill. 193.
MULGRAVE ARCHIPELAGO, or Eastern
Carolines, Pacific Ocean, v. 126.
IMULGRAVE CASTLE, Yorkshire, Eng
land, xxiv. 749.
MULHAUSEN, town, German Alsace,
xvn. 15.
MULHEIM-AM-RHEIN, town, Prussia,
xvn. 16.
MULHEIM-AN-DER-RUHR, town, Prus
sia, xvii. 1 6.
MULITA, edentate mammal, xv. 388.
MULL, island, Scotland, xvii. 16.
MiiLLER, Adam, German economist,
xix. 388.
, Ferdinand Baron von, on the plants
of Australia, in. no, in.
, Friedrich Max, on the science of
religion, XX. 359, 365; his theory of
mythology, xvn. 137.
— , Fritz, on zoological classification,
xxiv. 8 1 1.
— , George, Plymouthist, XIX. 239.
— , Heinrich, German Pietist, XI x. 83.
— , Johann (Regiomontanus), German
astronomer, xx. 341; n. 751.
— , Johann von, Swiss historian, xvn.
16; xxii. 798.
-, Johannes, German physiologist and
naturalist, xvn. 17; xxi. 460; xxiv.
808; on birds, xvii I. 28; on fishes,
xn. 634; on reptiles, xx. 437, 440.
— , Johannes, pharmacist and chemist,
xvii. 17.
— , Johann Heinrich Jakob, his ex
periments in magnetism, xv. 253.
— , John, English mathematician, xvn.
17-
— , Karl Otfried, German writer on
ancient Greece, xvn. 17.
— , 0. F., German naturalist, xxiv.
806.
— , P. L. S., on birds, xvin. 7.
— , William James, English painter,
xvii. 17.
MULLER'S GLASS, mineral, xvi. 390.
MULLET, fish, xvn. 18; grey, xn. 691.
— , in heraldry, XL 703.
MULLINGAR, town, Ireland, xvii. 18;
xxiv. 513.
MULLION, in architecture, II. 468.
MULL OF GALLOWAY, Scotland, xxiv.
562.
MULLUS, genus of fishes, XVII. 18.
MULMUL, woven fabric, xvn. 109.
MULREA, mountain, Ireland, xin. 214.
MULREADY, William, Irish painter,
xvn. 19.
MULTAN, district, India, XVII. 19; town,
XVII. 20.
MULTIPLE, in arithmetic, n. 528.
MULTIPLEPOINDING, in Scots law, xvn.
20.
MULTIPLE TELEGRAPHY, xxni. 124.
MULTIPLICATION, in algebra, i. 520; in
arithmetic, II. 527; tables, XXIII. 8;
Herwart's table, xvn. 183.
MULUCHA, or Muluya, river, North-
West Africa, xv. 636; xvi. 830, 832.
MUMBA MULYAKA, Arab apostle, Lacca-
dives, xiv. 183.
MUMMIUS, Roman general, xxn. 306.
MUMMY, xvn. 20; embalming of, vin.
158; Egyptian, vn. 722; IX. 826;
Phoenician, xvin. 810.
- FIGURES, on pottery, xix. 603.
- WHEAT, xxiv. 533.
MUMPS, disease, xvn. 22.
MUN, Thomas, English economist, xix.
357-
MUNBY, English idyl-writer, xvin.
343.
MUNCH, Andreas, Norwegian poet, xvn.
591.
, Peter Andreas, Norwegian his
torian, xvn. 592.
MUNCHAUSEN, Baron, German story
teller, xvn. 23.
MUNCHAUSEN, Baron, curator of
Gottingen university, xxni. 847, 850.
MUNCHEN (Miinich, q.v.), capital of
Bavaria, xvn. 24.
MUNCIE, town, Indiana, U.S.A., xvn.
23-
MUN DAY, Anthony, English dramatist,
xvn. 23.
MUNDBRIECH, Cinque Port privilege,
v. 787.
MUNDIC (Marcasite), mineral, xv. 532;
xx. 128.
MUNDLAH (Mandla), town, India, xv.
476.
MuNDORF, watering-place, Luxemburg,
xv. 87.
MUNDU, town, Java, xin. 606.
MUNGIR, district and town, India, xvi.
739-
MUNGO, St (Kentigern), Celtic mission
ary, xiv. 40.
— , cloth made from rags, xxiv. 66 1.
MUNGOFA, or Gopher, tortoise, x.
780.
MUNGOOS, carnivorous mammal, xn.
629; xv. 436.
MUNI BTSAN-PO, Tibetan king, xxni.
345-
MUNICH, capital of Bavaria, xvn. 24;
academy of sciences, I. 71; revival of
art in, vi. 422; art treasures of, xiv.
16; libraries, xiv. 526, 547; observa
tory, xvn. 713; Pinakothek picture
gallery, XXI. 445; Rubens' s picture in
gallery, xxi. 44 ; technical school,
xxin. 109; university, xxni. 848;
congress of Old Catholics at (1871),
xvn. 755.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS, vi. 435.
MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS, English law
of, vin. 2.
MUNICIPALITY, xvn. 27; rise of muni
cipalities, iv. 62.
MUNICIPIA, Roman, xx. 740, 745.
MUNIMENTS, National, of England,
xx. 310.
M U N — M U S
303
MUNIPORE (Manipur), state, India,
xv. 489.
MUNKU-SARDYK, mountain, Siberia,
xxii. 3.
MUNNARGUDI, town, India, XXlli. 47.
MUNOTH, Castle of, Scliaffliausen,
Switzerland, XXI. 387.
MUNSTER, province, Ireland, Xill. 215.
— , early Irish kingdom, XIII. 245.
, Book of, Irish legends, v. 309.
MUNSTER, town, Prussia, xvn. 31;
congress of (1643), in. 268; Anabap
tist outbreak at, I. 786.
, Sebastian, German Hebraist, geo
grapher, and mathematician, xvn. 31.
MUNTAK, town, Banca, East Indies, in.
308.
MUNTANER, Ramon, Catalan writer,
xxn. 363.
MUNTASIR, Samanid prince and poet,
XXI. 242.
MUNTJAK, or Mintjac, deer, xvn. 31;
vn. 25; xin. 602; xv. 432.
MUNTZ METAL, Strength of, xxn. 603.
MUNZER, Thomas, German Anabaptist,
xvn. 32; I. 786; in. 353; xv. 76;
xvn. 12, 134.
MUNZINGER, Werner, Swiss traveller
in Africa, xvn. 33.
MUR, river, Styria, Austria, xxn. 614.
MURAD, or Amurath, I., Turkish sultan,
I. 781; xxin. 641.
II., Turkish sultan, I. 781; XXIII.
641.
III., Turkish sultan, I. 782; xxin.
644.
IV., Turkish sultan, I. 782; XXin.
645.
V., Turkish sultan, XXlli. 652.
MURADABAD, district and town, India,
xvn. 33.
MUR^ENA, fish, XVII. 33.
MURAL DECORATION, xvn. 34; xxin.
1 58; on clay, XIX. 605 ; Etruscan paint
ings, vin. 644; stereochrorny, xxn.
54; tiles, xxin. 389.
MURANO, island, Venice, xvn. 48; glass-
making at, x. 652.
MURAT, Joachim, French marshal and
king of Naples, xvn. 48, 191.
MURATORI, Ludovico Antonio, Italian
scholar, xvn. 49; XIII. 512; canon of,
V. 8.
MURAVIEFF, town, Saghalin, xxi. 147.
MURCHISON, Sir Roderick Impey,
British geologist, xvn. 50.
, river, Western Australia, xxiv.
507.
FALL, Nile, Africa, xvn. 505.
MURCHISONITE, mineral, XVI. 419.
MURCHISON MOUNTAINS, South Africa,
xxin. 517.
MURCIA, province, Spain, xvn. 51;
xxn. 298; town, xvn. 52.
MURDER, in law, xvn. 52 ; cases of,
before the Areopagus, II. 482; ordeal
for discovery of, xvn. 819.
MURDOCK, or Murdoch, William, Scot
tish inventor, xvn. 53; introducer of
gas-lighting, X. 88.
MURE, William, historian of Greek litera
ture, xvn. 53.
MURET, or Muretus, Marc Antoine,
French humanist, xvn. 54; his Latin-
ity, xiv. 342.
— , France, Battle of (1213), xvin.
450.
MUREXIDE, ammonium salt, xxiv. 12.
MURFREESBORO', U.S.A., Battle of
(1863), xxin. 778.
MURGER, Henry, French writer, xvn.
54-
MURGHAB, river, Central Asia, I. 242;
xvi. 43; xxin. 511, 512.
•, or Murgab, town, Persia, xvin.
558, 567.
MURIACITE, mineral, xvi. 400.
MURIATIC ACID GAS, as a poison, xix.
279.
MURID^E, family of rodent mammals,
xv. 418.
MURIE, Dr, on ornithology, XVIII. 39.
MuRlLLO, Bartolome Esteban, Spanish
painter, xvn. 55; xxi. 440.
MURILLO'S MULATTO (Sebastian
Gomez), Spanish painter, xvn. 56.
MURINTE, subfamily of rodent mam
mals, xvn. 5.
MURINO, village, Russia, xxi. 194.
MURIS, Jean de, musician, xix. 65.
MURMIS, Nepalese race, xvn. 341.
MURNER, Thomas, German satirist, X.
527.
MUROM, town, Russia, XVII. 57; prin
cipality, xxi. 89.
MURPHY, Anna (Mrs Jameson), English
writer, Xin. 562.
— , Arthur, Irish dramatist, xvn. 57.
— , Dennis Jasper (C. R. Maturin),
Irish novelist and dramatist, xv. 635.
— , J. J., on evolution, vin. 766.
— , Robert, Irish mathematician, xvn.
57-
MURRAIN, diseases of domestic animals,
xvn. 57; I. 304.
MURRAY, Earl of, regent of Scotland,
xvn. 62; xin. 557; xv. 595; xxi.
503-
— , Lord George, Scottish Jacobite,
xxi. 526.
, John, Scottish chemist, xvn. 62.
— , John, American universalist, xxin.
831-
— , Lindley, American grammarian, I.
— , Sir Robert, founder of Royal
Society, xvn. 63.
— , William, first earl of Mansfield,
xv. 498.
— , Mount, Canada, XX. 165.
— COD, fish, xvn. 62.
RIVER, Australia, xvn. 62, 408;
in. 107; xxn. 284; xxiv. 215.
MURRE, bird, XI. 262; XX. 302.
MURREE, sanatorium, Punjab, India,
XVII. 63.
MURRUMBIDGEE, river, Australia, xvn.
62, 408.
MURSHIDABAD, district and town, India,
xvn. 63.
MURSHID KULI KHAN, nawab of* Ben
gal, xii. 800.
MURTEN, or Morat, Switzerland, Battle
of (1476), v. 425; ix. 764; xxn. 787.
MURTIZABAD (Hala), town, India, xi.
379-
MURUSI, voivodes of Moldavia, xxl. 20.
MURVIEDRO, town, Spain, xxi. 149.
MURZUK, town, Fezzan, Africa, IX. 130;
XXIII. 575; sand dunes of, xxi. 150.
Mus, genus of rodent mammals, xvn. 5;
xv. 419; xx. 287.
, Roman family, xvn. 64.
MUSA, genus of plants, xv. 488; xix.
176.
— (Hadi), caliph, xvi. 581.
— , Moorish emir of Saragossa, xxn.
312.
— , Ali ibn, Moslem martyr, Persia,
xvi. 46.
— , Mohammed b., Arab algebraist,
I. 512.
B. NOSAIR, Moslem invader of
Spain, xvi. 572, 573; xxn. 309.
Mus#;us, Greek poet, xvn. 64.
MUSAUS, Johann Karl August, German
writer, XVII. 64.
MUSCA, genus of insects, xn. 317.
MUSCLE VOLITANTES, disease of the eye,
xvn. 783.
MUSCARDINE, disease of silkworm,
xxn. 59.
MUSCAT, town, Arabia, xvn. 64.
MUSCATINE, town, Iowa, U.S.A., xvn.
65.
Musci, group of plants, xiv. 719;
xvn. 70.
MUSCICAPID^E, order of birds, IX. 351;
xiv. 81.
MUSCINE^E, class of plants, xvn. 65;
xxiv. 128; reproduction of, xx. 423.
MUSCLES, of human body, I. 833 ;
xix. 8; affected by magnetism, xv.
281; repair of, xvin. 367; of apes,
n. 163; of birds, in. 724; of reptiles,
xx. 455.
MUSCOVADO SUGAR, xxn. 626.
MUSCOVITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
MUSCOVY, name for Russia, xxi. 89.
MUSCULAR ATROPHY, disease, xvin.
392-
MUSCULAR SENSATIONS, xxin. 483.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM, Physiology of the,
xix. 8. See also Muscles.
MUSCULAR TISSUES, Anatomy of, i.
856; of animals, xn. 8.
MUSELER'S LAMP, vi. 73.
MUSES, The, in Greek mythology, xvn.
74-
MUSHED, or Mashhad (q.v.\ town,
Persia, xvin. 626.
304
M U S — M Y O
MUSHICONGOS, tribe, Congo, Africa,
vi. 267.
MUSHITZKI, Lucian, Servian poet,
XXI. 691.
MUSHROOM, edible fungus, xvn. 74; ix.
832; XII. 284; ketchup from, xiv. 54.
MUSIC, XVII. 77 ; as a fine art, IX.
203; scientific basis of, xvn. 102;
academies of, I. 78; conservatories of,
VI. 291; copyright in, vi. 360; ecclesi
astical, XIX. 1 68 ; in relation to
poetry, XIX. 260, 262; printing-type
of, XXiil. 696; speed-measuring instru
ment, xvi. 198 ; staff notation, xi.
257; ancient, Boetius on, in. 857;
French, Rousseau's influence on, xxi.
25; Greek, Boeckh on, in. 851;
Hebrew, XX. 34; contributions to the
science by Gerbert, XXII. 76 ; by
Purcel], XX. 113; by Palestrina,
xvill. 179; by Tartini, XXiil. 71; by
Zarlino, xxiv. 771; Burney's History
of, IV. 565; Hindu works on, xxi. 293;
Rameau's theories of, XX. 265.
MUSICAL Box, xvn. 106.
MUSICAL GLASSES, xi. 481.
MUSICAL HARMONY, Principles of, i.
107.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, their origin,
xvn. 77.
MUSICAL STRINGS, Laws of, i. in,
112.
Music HALLS, Laws relating to, XXIIL
228.
MUSK, perfume, xvn. 106; xvin. 526.
MUSK-DEER, xvn. 107; vn. 25; xv.
432-
MUSKEGET, island, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., xvn. 174.
MUSKEGON, town, Michigan, U.S.A.,
xvn. 108.
MUSKELUNGE, fish, XIX. 89.
MUSKET, gun, 11. 558; xi. 284.
MUSKINGUM, river, Ohio, U.S.A., xvn.
734-
MuSKOGEES, American-Indian tribe,
XII. 831.
MUSKOKA, district, Ontario, Canada,
xvn. 776.
MusK-Ox, ungulate mammal, xvn.
1 08.
MUSK-RAT, rodent mammal, xvn. 108;
XV. 418, 419; skins of, IX. 838.
MUSK ROOT, drug, xxn. 641.
MUSLIH-UDDIN (Sadi), Persian poet,
xxi. 142.
MUSLIN, cotton fabric, xvn. 109; vi.
488, 500; origin of the name, XVI.
868.
MUSONIUS RUFUS, Roman Stoic, xxn.
573-
MUSOPHAGA, genus of birds, XXIIL
487.
MUSQUASH, rodent mammal, xv. 418,
419; xvn. 108.
MusQUODOBOiT, river, Nova Scotia,
xvn. 601.
MUSSATO, Albertino, Italian dramatist,
xili. 506.
MUSSCHENBROEK, Pieter van, Dutch
scientist, xvn. 109; on magnetism,
xv. 236.
MUSSEL, mollusc, xvn. 110; xvi. 686;
parasite of, XXIIL 540; in New Guinea,
xvn. 389; fisheries, IX. 265.
MUSSELBURGH, town, Scotland, XVII.
no.
MUSSET, Alfred de, French poet and
dramatist, xvn. in; ix. 676, 677; his
relations with George Sand, vn. 509.
, Paul de, French biographer, XVII.
in.
MUSSITE, mineral, xvi. 416.
MUSSOLOS, tribe, Congo, Africa, vi.
267.
MUSSOOREE, station, India, vn. 33.
MUSSURONGOS, tribe, Congo, Africa, VI.
267.
MUSTAFA I., Turkish sultan, XXIIL
644.
— II., Turkish sultan, xxin. 646.
- III., Turkish sultan, XXIIL 647.
- IV., Turkish sultan, XXIIL 648.
— , Kara, Turkish vizier, XIX. 296;
xiv. 466; xxin. 645.
B. ABDALLAH (Hadji Khalfa),
Arabic writer, XI. 377.
MUSTARD, plant and seed, xvn. 112; i.
377, 384; xn. 284; adulteration of,
I. 172; oil from the seed, xvn. 744.
MuSTAREB, Arab tribes, Arabia, II. 246,
256.
MuSTELA, genus of carnivorous mam
mals, xv. 439, 576; ix. 109; xxiv.
462.
MUSTELUS, genus of sharks, xxi. 774.
MUSTERS, George Chaworth, explorer
in Patagonia, xvin. 354.
MUT, Egyptian divinity, vii. 718.
MUTHRA, town, India, xvn. 113.
MUTILATION, as punishment, XXiil.
465.
Mui'iLUS, C. Papius, Samnite leader,
xxi. 249.
MUTINA (Modena), ancient town, Italy,
xvi. 542.
MUTINY, in military law, xvn. 113.
— , The Indian (1857), xn. 809; v. 278.
ACTS, English, xvi. 296; vi. 517;
first passing of, II. 570.
MUTRAH, town, Arabia, xvn. 64.
MUTTRA, district and town, India, xvn.
ii3-
MUTULE, in architecture, II. 468.
MUYA, mountains, Siberia, xxn. 3;
XXIIL 509.
MUYDIR, plateau, Sahara, Africa, XXL
149.
MUZAFFARGARH, district, India, XVII.
ii3-
MUZAFFARNAGAR, district and town,
India, xvn. 114.
MUZAFFARPUR, district and town, India,
xvn. 114.
MUZAK, Madame, Bohemian writer,
xxn. 153.
MUZIANO, Girolamo, Italian painter,
xvn. 114.
MUZTAGH, mountain pass, Tibet, xiv.
153-
MWITA, town, East Africa, xvi. 697.
MYA, genus of Mollusca, xvn. no.
MYALL, Lake, New South Wales, xvn.
408.
MYCELIUM, organ of Fungi, ix. 828.
MYCEN/E, ancient town, Greece, xvn.
115; architectural remains at, n. 402;
ornaments found at, xin. 676; treasury
of Atreus at, n. 346.
MYCETES, genus of apes, n. 153.
MYCKTOZOA, class of Proto/.ua, xix.
840.
MYCODERMA ACETI, mould-plant, in
fermentation, IX. 98.
MYCOLOGY, the science of Fungi, IX. 827.
MYCONIUS (Oswald Geissluiusler), Swiss
Reformer, XX. 331.
MYCONOS, island, Greece, vn. 51.
MYCTERIA, genus of birds, xin. 529.
MYDAUS, genus of carnivorous mammals,
xv. 440.
MYDDLETON, Sir Hugh, London gold
smith and engineer, xvn. 115.
MYDRIATICS, narcotics affecting the
eyes, xvn. 232.
MYELITIS, disease, xvn. 115.
MYGDONIA, town, Thrace, xvin. 635.
MYHEE CAUNTA (Malii Kantha), states,
India, xv. 286.
MYL/E (Milazzo), ancient fortress, Sicily,
xvi. 293.
MYLAPUR, part of Madras city, India,
xv. 1 88.
MYLASA, Asia Minor, Tomb at, II. 412.
MYLIOBATIS, genus of fishes, xx. 300.
MYLITTA, Bilit, or Biltis, Babylonian
goddess, in. 176; relation of, to Aphro
dite, n. 172; Lucian's work on, xv.
44.
MYLIUS, friend of Lessing, xiv. 479.
MYLN, Walter, Scottish martyr, xxi.
SOL
MYLODON, extinct edentate mammal,
xv. 385.
MYMENSING (Maimansinh), district,
India, XV. 294.
MYNA, bird, xi. 26.
MYNAS, M., discoverer of MS. of Babrius,
in. 181.
MY NOVEL, by Lytton, xv. 123.
MYNPOOREE, district, India, xv. 303;
town, xv. 304.
MYODES, genus of rodent mammals, xiv.
435; xv. 419.
MYOGALIN^E, subfamily of insectivorous
mammals, xv. 403.
MYOMORPHA, group of rodent mammals,
xv. 418.
MYOPIA, defect of the eye, vin. 820;
xvi. 259; xvn. 785; spectacles for,
xxn. 372.
M Y 0 — N A I
305
MYOSOTIS, genus of plants, ix. 414;
xii. 252.
MYOTOMY, in surgery, xxn. 690,
691.
MYOXUS, genus of rodent mammals,
VII. 368; XV. 418; hibernation of, XI.
788.
MYRA, town, Asia Minor, xv. 93; rock
tomb at, II. 412; theatre at, XXIII.
222.
MYRDHINN, Welsh bard, n. 650.
MYREMILL, Ayrshire, Scotland, System
of irrigation at, I. 343.
MYRIAPODA, group of animals, xvn.
115; v. 340.
MYRICARIA, genus of trees, xxm. 40.
MYRINA, town, Lemnos, .Egean Sea,
xiv. 437-
, form, of name Smyrna, XXII.
185.
MYRIOBIBLION, Photius's, xvm. 819.
MYRISTICA, genus of trees, xvn. 666.
MYRISTICENE, MYRISTIN, principles in
nutmeg, xvil. 666.
MYRMECOBIUS, genus of marsupial
mammals, xv. 381; xxn. 285.
MYRMECOPHAGID^E, family of edentate
mammals, xv. 385; II. 98.
MYRMEKOLEON, of the Physiologus,
xix. 6.
MYRMELEO, genus of insects, n. 98.
MYROBALAN, for tanning, xiv. 382.
MYRON, Greek sculptor, xvn. 120; n.
354-
MYROSIN, albuminoid in mustard, xvil.
I 12.
MYRRH, gum-resin, xvn. 121 ; as
incense, XII. 718.
MYRTLE, shrub, xvn. 122.
MYRTLE-BERRY WAX, xxiv. 459.
MY SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLMASTERS,
Hugh Miller's book, xvi. 319.
MYSHKIN, town, Prussia, xxiv. 731.
MYSIA, ancient province, Asia Minor,
XVIL 122; xvi. 542.
MYSOMEH, lake island, Africa, xvn.
504.
MYSORE, state, India, xvil. 123; Wel
lington's operations in, xxiv. 494;
wars in, Xii. 803, 804 ; town, xvn.
124.
MYSTACIN/E, group of bats, xv. 413.
MYSTACOCETI, suborder of cetacean
mammals, xv. 393, 394; xxiv. 523.
MYSTERIES, in ancient Greek religion,
XVIL 124; Phrygian, xvm. 853.
OF PARIS, by Eugene Sue, XXII.
619.
MYSTERIOUS MOTHER, by Walpole,
xxiv. 334.
MYSTERY PLAYS, vn. 413; in England
in time of Shakespeare, XXI. 750;
French, ix. 644.
MYSTICISM, XVIL 128 ; xxm. 278;
ancient, I. 461; theism of, XXIII. 245;
Eckhart's, vil. 642 ; Nicholas of
Basel's, xvn. 486 ; Persian, xvm.
658 ; Schwenkfeldian, XXL 463 ;
Tauler's, xxm. 82.
MYSTICS, XVIL 128; xn. 706; German,
x. 526.
MYTH, in literature, vin. 837.
MYTHO, town, Cochin China, XXL 152.
MYTHOLOGY, xvn. 135; xx. 367; in
relation to cosmogony, VIII. 754; illus
trated by numismatics, xvn. 628; in
relation to totemism, xxm. 467;
Assyrian, in. 192; Egyptian, vi I. 730;
Etruscan, vin. 637 ; Gaelic, X. 9;
Phoenician, xvm. 802.
MYTHOP(EIC AGE, of the human race,
xvn. 138.
MYTHS, xvn. 136; in popular tales,
XXin. 28; importance of, in ethno
logy, vin. 623.
MYTILENE, or Lesbos, island, J^gean
Sea, Turkey, xiv. 474.
-, town, Lesbos, xiv. 474; aqueduct
near, n. 221.
MYTILUS, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 688;
XVII. 1 10.
MYTON-WYKE, village (Hull), Eng
land, xn. 342.
MYVYRIAN ARCHAIOLOGY OF WALES,
v. 314.
MYXINE, genus of fishes, XL 370.
MYXCEDEMA, disease, xvm. 384.
MYXOMA, disease, xvm. 369.
MYXOMYCETES, order of Fungi, ix. 835;
xxiv. 128.
MYXOSPONGI^., class of sponges, xxn.
421.
MYXOSPORIDIA, subclass of Protozoa,
xix. 855.
MYXUS, genus of fishes, xvn. 18.
TVT the fourteenth letter of the alpha-
•^ > bet, XVIL 159.
NA, Assyrian god, in. 193.
NAAMAH, of Scripture, xiv. 238.
NAAS, town, Ireland, XIV. 73.
NAASSENI, Gnostic sect, x. 703.
NABAT^AN LANGUAGE, XXL 648, 651.
NABAT/EANS, ancient Arabian people,
xvn. 160; xvin. 198, 705.
NABHA, state, India, xvn. 160.
NABHAJI, Hindi writer, XL 846.
NABI, Ottoman poet, xxm. 657.
EFFENDI, alchemist, i. 464.
NABIGHA, Arabic poet, xvi. 537.
NABIS, tyrant of Sparta, xvin. 790;
xxn. 371.
NABOB, origin of the name, xn. 796.
NABONASSAR, Era of, v. 710, 715.
NABRISSA (Lebrija), ancient town, Spain,
xiv. 396.
NABULUS (Samaria), town, Palestine,
XXL 244, 783.
NACELLA, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 645.
NACHET'S BINOCULAR MICROSCOPE,
xvi. 273.
NACHMANIDES (Ramban), Jewish com
mentator, xx. 264.
NACHTIGAL, Gustav, his journey to
Lake Chad, I. 248 ; on the Xegro
dialects, XVIL 318.
NACRITE, mineral, xvi. 424.
NADAR'S BALLOON, i. 192.
NADIM, Arabic writer, xvn. 160.
NADIR, shah of Persia, xvin. 641; con
quest of Baluchistan by, in. 300.
MIRZA, Persian prince, xvin. 647.
NADIYA, district, India, xvn. 161.
NADORITE, mineral, xvi. 428.
N^ENIA, genus of birds, XXIII. 189.
NyEVIUS, Gmeus, early Latin poet, xvn.
161; xx. 716; xix. 215; language of,
xiv. 332.
NJEVUS, tumour, xvn. 163.
NAFELS, Switzerland, Battle of (1388),
xxn. 784.
NAGA HILLS, district, Assam, India,
xvn. 163.
NAGAPATAM, or Negapatam, town,
India, XXIII. 47.
NAGAR, state, India, x. 597.
NAGAS, hill tribe, Assam, India, n.
721.
NAGASAKI, town, Japan, xvn. 163; xin.
578.
NAGASENA, teacher of Lamaism, xiv.
227.
NAGINA, town, India, xvn. 164.
NAGOYA, town, Japan, xvn. 164; xin.
580.
NAGPUR, or Nagpore, district and town,
India, xvn. 164; war with raja of,
XII. 804.
NAGUL BASSARABA, voivode of Wa-
lachia, xxi. 16.
NAGYAGITE, mineral, xvi. 393.
NAGY-KANIZSA, town, Hungary, xin.
842.
NAGY-KoROS, town, Hungary, xvn.
!65.
NAGY-VARAD (Grosswardein), town,
Hungary, XL 212.
NAHAN, town, India, xxn. 98.
NAHARINA, district, Mesopotamia, xvi.
47; xxn. 822.
NAHARRO, Bartolome de Torres, Spanish
dramatist, xvn. 165; vn. 420; xxn.
356.
NAHE, river, Rhenish Prussia, XX. 20,
519.
NAHHAS, Arabic grammarian, xvi. 536.
NAHIE, Turkish parish or commune,
xxm. 654.
NAHMANI, Rab Abbah liar, Jewish
writer, xx. 192.
NAHUAS, ancient people, Mexico, xvi.
208.
NAHUEL-HUAPI, lake, Patagonia, xvin.
353-
NAHUIZALCO, town, San Salvador, xxi.
268.
NAHUM, Old Testament prophet, xvn.
165.
NAIADS, or Nymphs, in Greek mytho
logy, xvn. 688.
XXV. - 39
306
A I — N A P
NAIHATI, town, India, xxm. 673.
NAILS, on hands and feet, I. 897; of
animals, xv. 348; xxn. 107, 108.
• , of metal, xvn. 165.
NAIMA, Ottoman historian, xxm. 657.
NAIN, Le (Antoine, Louis, and Mathieu),
French painters, xvn. 166.
— SlNGH, traveller in Tibet, XIV.
503-
NAINSOOK, woven fabric, xvn. 109.
NAIRN, county, Scotland, xvn. 166;
area and population, XXI. 528; repre
sentation, xxm. 727.
, town, Scotland, xvn. 167.
NAIRNE, Baroness, Scottish song- writer,
xvn. 167.
N AIRS A (Dean's Island), island, South
Pacific, xxm. 602.
NAISSUS (Nish), ancient town, Servia,
xvn. 514.
NAJA, genus of snakes, xxn. 196.
NAJERA, or Navarrete, Spain, Battle of
(1367), xvin. 451.
NAKHICHEVAN, or Nakhjevan, town,
Russian Armenia, xvn. 167; xxm.
5i5-
NAKHICHEVAN-ON-THE-DON, town,
Ekaterinoslaff, Russia, xvn. 168.
NAKHON, Cambodia, Architectural re
mains at, iv. 726.
NAKSHATRAS, in Hindu astronomy,
xxiv. 793.
NAKSHI RUSTAM (Persepolis), ancient
town, Persia, XVIII. 558.
NALADIYAR, Tamil poem, xxm. 43.
NALAGARH, hill state, India, XL 840.
NALJESKOVIC, Nicholas, Ragusan poet,
xxi. 690.
NALLAMALAIS, mountain range, India,
xiv. 5.
NAMANGAN, or Namanghan, town,
Turkestan, ix. 85; xxm. 637.
NAMAQUALAND, region, South- Western
Africa, xvn. 168.
NAMAQUAS, South-African race, xn.
3°9-
NAMBURI, Brahman caste, Madras,
India, xv. 185.
NAMBY-PAMBV, origin of the term,
xvin. 754.
NAM-CHO, lake, Tibet, xxm. 341.
NAM-DINH, town, Tong-King, xxm.
440.
NAMEN (Namur), town, Belgium, xvn.
170.
NAMES, of persons and places, xvn.
1 68; Gaelic, x. 10.
NAM- KONG (Mekong), river, Asia, xv.
832-
NAMLING, town, Tibet, xxin. 340.
NAMSEN, river, Norway, xvn. 575.
NAMUR, province and town, Belgium,
xvn. 170.
NANA GHAT, Indian inscriptions,
Numerals in, XVII. 626.
NANAIMO, town, Vancouver Island,
North America, XXIV. 58.
NANAK, founder of Sikh religion, India,
xn. 808; xx. 1 10.
NANAS, Hajdu, town, Hungary, XL
377-
NANA SAHIB, leader in Indian Mutiny,
xvn. 170; xn. Sio; v. 278; xv. 292;
in Nepal, xvn. 345.
NANAWATAI, Afghan custom, i. 237.
NAN-CHANG Foo, town, China, v.
635.
NANCY, town, France, xvn. 170.
NANDADEVI, mountain, Himalayas, XL
825.
NANDGAON, state, India, xx. 257.
NANDKUMAR, Bengali Brahman, XL
5i3-
NANDU, bird, xx. 505.
NANFAN, Sir Richard, English deputy-
lieutenant of Calais, xxiv. 634.
NANGAMBAKAM, suburb of Madras,
India, XV. 188.
NANGA PARBAT, mountain, Himalayas,
xiv. 10.
NANGASAKI, or Nagasaki, town, Japan,
xvn. 163; xin. 578.
NANGKOI, town, Siam, xxi. 853.
NANKING, or Nankin, town, China,
xvn. 171; v. 635; treaty of (1842),
v. 38.
NANNESTAD, Frederik, Norse writer,
xvn. 590.
NAN-SHAN, mountain range, China, v.
630.
NANTES, town, France, xvn. 172;
libraries, xiv. 526, 546; university,
xxin. 842.
— , Edict of (1598), ix. 564; xii. 338;
xix. 505, 695; its revocation (1685),
ix. 579; iv. 743.
, Noyades of, in French Revolution,
v. 139.
NANTEUIL, Robert, French crayonist
and engraver, xvn. 173.
NANTICOKE, river, Maryland, U.S.A.,
xv. 603.
NANTUCKET, island, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., xvn. 174; xv. 612.
NANTWICH, town, England, xvn. 174.
NANUS, or Dwarf, Roman, vn. 567.
NAOGAON, district, India, xvn. 609.
NAOMI, of Scripture, xxi. in.
NAPA, town, Lew-Chew Islands, Pacific,
xiv. 490.
NAPATA, Ethiopian kingdom, XVI. 40.
NAPHTALI, of Scripture, xvn. 174.
NAPHTHA, in chemistry and commerce,
xvn. 174; n. 715; xvi. 428; xvin.
719; as the product of shale, XVIII.
241; wells of, at Baku, Caspian Sea,
v. 179, 257; in. 258.
NAPHTHALENE, hydrocarbon, xvin.
237; xxin. 59.
NAPIER, town, New Zealand, xvn. 175.
— , Sir Archibald, of Merchiston,
xvn. 177.
, Sir Charles, British admiral, XVII.
175-
NAPIER, Sir Charles James, British
general, xvn. 175.
, James R., his coffee apparatus, vi.
113-
, John, inventor of logarithms, xvn.
177; n. 754; xiv. 773.
, Macvey, editor of Encyclopaedia
Britannica, vin. 201.
, Richard, Scottish astrologer, xv n.
185.
— , Sir Robert, his expedition against
Abyssinia, I. 67.
— , Robert, editor of John Napier's
works, xvn. 184.
-, Sir William Francis Patrick,
British military historian, xvn.
1 86.
NAPIER'S ANALOGIES, in spherical
trigonometry, xxin. 566.
NAPIER'S BONES, rods for arithmetical
computation, xvn. 184.
NAPLES, kingdom, Italy, XIII. 478;
xxn. 28; connexion of Spain with,
xxn. 322, 327.
— , town, Italy, xvn. 187 ; cata
combs of, v. 215; dialect, xin. 495;
libraries, xiv. 530, 548; Museo Bor-
bonico, xix. 450; musical conserva
tory, VI. 291; observatory, XVII. 714;
its school of painting, XXI. 438, 443;
pictures, XXI. 447 ; sculpture, XXI.
568; university, xxin. 834, 836;
wine industry of the district, xxiv.
610; in time of Masaniello, XV. 606;
under Murat, xvn. 49.
-, Bay of, Italy, xvn. 187.
NAPO, river, South America, vn. 645.
NAPOLEON I., emperor of the French,
XVII. 192; IX. 608, 615; his birth
place, I. 432; his armies, n. 601;
campaigns against Austria, in. 130;
his disturbance of the balance of
power in Europe, ill. 269; his battles,
in. 444; relations with Pozzo di
Borgo, xix. 650; Cardinal Consalvi's
opposition to, VI. 290; campaign in
the East, xxin. 648; in Egypt, vn.
759; English struggle against, VIII.
363; intervention of, in Germany, x.
504; Goethe's interview with, x. 733;
his rule in Italy, Xin. 485; his testi
mony to Jesus Christ, xin. 669; his
attitude towards the popedom, xix.
155, 508; xx. 806; in Portugal, xix.
550; relations with Prussia, xx. 11;
invasion of Russia by, xxi. 100;
invasion of Spain by, xxn. 343; his
relations with Talleyrand, xxin. 31;
his knowledge of the art of war, xxiv.
345; Lanfrey's estimate of, xiv. 284.
- II., duke of Reichstadt, xvn. 226.
— III., emperor of the French, xvn.
226; ix. 623; his mother, xn. 210;
Orsini's attempt to assassinate him,
xvin. 52; in Algeria, I. 569; his
intervention in Italy, xin. 490.
, card game, xvn. 229.
N A P — N A T
307
NAPOLEON BON APARTE,Historie Doubts
relative to, by Whately, XXIV. 529.
NAPOLI (Naples, q.v.), town, Italy, xvn.
187.
m MALVASIA, town, Greece, xv.
346.
NARA, town, Japan, xvn. 229.
NARAKEL, seaport, India, vi. 92.
NARBADA, or Nerbudda, river, India,
xvn. 345; iv. 21.
NARBAL, state, India, xvn. 160.
NARBERTH, town, Wales, xvm. 482.
NARBO MARTIUS (Narbonne), ancient
town, France, xvn. 230.
NARBONENSIS, Gallia, part of ancient
France, xiv. 287.
NARBONNE, town, France, xvn. 229.
NARBOROUGH, Sir John, English
admiral, xvn. 230.
NARCEIA, vegetable alkaloid, xvn.
793-
NARCISSUS, plant, xvn. 230; vi. 760;
xn. 257.
NARCOMEDUSyE, order of Hydrozoa,
xn. 563.
NARCOTICS, xvn. 230.
NARCOTIN, principle in opium, xvn.
793-
NARD, ointment, xxn. 398.
NARDA, town, Albania, n. 639.
NARDI, Jacopo, Italian historian, xni.
509.
NARENTA, Illyrian republic, xn. 710.
— , river, Herzegovina, XL 776.
NARES, Sir George, Arctic explorer, x.
196; xix. 322, 324, 330.
NARET, Phra, Siamese ruler, xxi. 854.
NARGILA, tobacco pipe, xix. in.
NARI, region, Tibet, xxni. 339.
NARISHKINS, Russian royal family,
xxi. 96.
NAR NARA VAN, Indian ruler, xiv. 152.
NAROVA, river, Russia, xxi. 73.
NAROVTCHAT, town, Russia, xvm.
5i5-
NARRAGANSETT BAY, Rhode Island,
U.S.A., xx. 523.
NARRENHAUS, Kaulbach's work, xiv.
17-
NARRENSCHIFF, Brandt's satire, x. 527.
NARSAI, Syriac writer, xxn. 830.
NARSEH, Mihr, Persian noble, xvni.
610.
N ARSES, Byzantine general, xvn. 232;
xx. 782.
NARSINHPUR, district, India, xvn. 234.
NARTHEX, in architecture, 11. 468.
NARUSZEWICZ, Adam, Polish bishop
and poet, xix. 303.
NARVA, town, Russia, xxi. 190; battle
of (1700), v. 420.
NARVAEZ, Pamfilo de, Spanish adven
turer, xvn. 234.
, Ramon Maria, Spanish soldier and
statesman, xvn. 235; xxn. 346.
NARWHAL, cetacean mammal, xvn. 235;
xv. 398; tusks of, xni. 523.
NARYM, town, Siberia, xxni. 439.
NARYN, river, Syr-Dana, Asia, xxn.
818.
NASCA, town, Peru, xvm. 674.
NASCIMENTO, F. Manuel do, Portuguese
writer, xix. 557.
NASE, town, Lew-Chew Islands, Pacific,
xiv. 490.
NASEBY, England, Battle of (1645), vi.
599; vin. 347.
NASH, Richard, master of ceremonies,
Bath, xvn. 235.
-, Thomas, English poet, dramatist,
and pamphleteer, xvn. 236.
NASHIM, part of Mishnah, xvi. 505.
NASHUA, town, New Hampshire,
U.S.A., xvn. 236.
NASHVILLE, town, Tennessee, U.S.A.,
xvn. 236.
NASIBIN, town, Turkey in Asia, xvn.
514.
NASIELSK, town, Russia, xiv. 817.
NASIK, district and town, India, xvn.
237-
SQUARES AND CUBES, xv. 215.
NASIR KHOSRAU, Persian poet, xvn.
237; xvni. 658.
NASIR LI-DIN-ILLAH, caliph, xvi. 588.
NASMYTH, Alexander, Scottish painter,
xvn. 238.
, James, inventor of steam hammer,
xvn. 238.
, Patrick, Scottish painter, XVII.
238.
NASOR/EANS, or Mandseans, Oriental
sect, xv. 467.
NASRABAD, town, Persia, xvni. 627.
NASR UD-DlN, shah of Persia, xvni.
651.
NASSAU, Duchy of, Germany, XVII. 238.
— , town, New Providence, Bahamas,
xvn. 239; in. 237.
NASSER, town, on Nile, Africa, xvn. 507.
NASSICK, or Nasik, district and town,
India, xvn. 237.
NASTURTIUM, genus of plants, xvn.
239; xn. 249; as garden vegetable,
xn. 285.
NATAL, British colony, South Africa,
xvn. 239; I. 270; languages of, XXIV.
828; railways, xx. 252.
, town, Brazil, xvn. 242.
NATALUS, genus of bats, xv. 411.
NATANTIA, section of Mollusca, xvi.
653-
, suborder of Protozoa, XIX. 86 1.
NATATION, or Swimming, xxn. 768.
NATCHEZ, town, Mississippi, U.S.A.,
xvn. 242.
— , tribe of American Indians, xn.
828.
NATHAN AEL, of Scripture, xvn. 242;
in. 403.
NATHAN B. YEHIEL, Rabbenu, Tal-
mudic writer, xxni. 37.
NATHAN DER WEISE, Nathan the Wise,
Lessing's poem, XIV. 482; X. 536.
NATICK, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
xvn. 243; vin. 137.
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, French (1789),
IX. 598; Mirabeau's influence in, xvi.
495-
NATIONAL CONVENTION, French ( 1 792),
ix. 604.
NATIONAL DEBT, xvn. 243; British,
VI. 293; vin. 243; its origin, xi. 386;
European, vin. 706; of France, ix.
315; of United States, xxni. 747,
766, 778, 780, 784, 828.
NATIONAL DEBT COMMISSIONERS,
British, their charge of savings banks,
XXL 328.
NATIONAL GALLERY, London, xiv.
836.
NATIONALISM, European, vin. 718.
NATIONALIZATION OF LAND, xiv. 266.
NATIONAL MUNIMENTS, of England,
xx. 310.
NATIONAL-ZEITUNG, Berlin newspaper,
xvn. 429.
NATIONS, Grouping of men in, vin. 619.
, in universities, xxni. 835, 841.
NATIVITY, of Jesus Christ, its date, xni.
659.
, of the Virgin Mary, Feast of, XV.
592.
NATRIUM (Sodium), chemical element,
xxn. 240.
NATROLITE, mineral, xvi. 420, 423.
NATRON, mineral, xvi. 399; xxn. 240.
NATS, tribe, India, ill. 508,
NATTER-JACK, toad, xxni. 423.
NATURAE CURIOSI, German academy,
i. 77.
NATURAL HISTORY, Adanson's classi
fication of, I. 144; ButYon's, IV. 444;
Linnaeus's system of, xiv. 672.
NATURAL HISTORY OF SELBORNE,
White's work, xxiv. 549.
NATURALISM, in mediaeval life and
literature, xx. 383.
NATURALISTS, Religious, deniers of
revelation, xx. 289.
NATURALIZATION, in relation to domi
cile, vii. 351; to climate, I. 84.
ACT, British (1870), I. 575, 581.
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, Bacon's views
of, in. 214.
NATURAL RELIGION, Hume's dialogues
on, xii. 355,
NATURAL SCIENCE, xix. i.
NATURAL SELECTION, Theory of, vin
750; xxiv. 77, 817; i, 145; xni. 157,
159; xvni. 32.
NATURAL THEOLOGY, xxni. 261, 264,
275; Paley'swork on, xvni. 182.
NATURE, in relation to art, n. 636; ix.
195; in relation to disease, xvni. 362;
laws of, in economics, xix. 360; Aris
totle's theory of, II. 522 ; Erigena's
work on, vin. 523 ; Hegel's philo
sophy of, XI. 620; Kant's metaphysic
of, xni. 850; Leibnitz's theory of,
XIV. 421; Plato on, XIX. 209.
308
N A T — N E C
NATURE, Laws of, l>y Bishop Cumber
land, vi. 701.
— , Religion of, Wollaston's, xxiv. 633.
- RELIGIONS, xx. 367.
NATUR-PHILOSOPHEN, school of bio
logist .s, XXIV. 80 1.
NATURPHILOSOPHIE, in biology, xvi.
839.
, Sehelling's philosophical doctrine,
XXI. 392.
NAUC RATES, genus of fishes, xix. 96.
NAUDE, Gabriel, French scholar, xvn.
248.
NAUHEIM, spa, Germany, xvi. 434.
NAUI, Persian romancist, xvm. 659.
NAUM, town, Morocco, xvi. 831.
NAUMACHIA, Roman mimic sea-fights,
XVII. 248.
NAUMANN, Carl, on crystallographic
symbols, vi. 676; xvi. 352.
, Johann Andreas, on lairds, xvill. 9.
, Johann Friedrich, on birds, xvm.
9-
NAUMANNITE, mineral, xvi. 392.
NAUMBURG, town, Prussia, xvn. 248.
NAUPACTUS (Lepanto, q.v.\ ancient
town, Greece, xiv. 467.
NAUPLIA, town, Peloponnesus, Greece,
xvii. 249.
NAUPLIUS, form in development of
Crustacea, VI. 648; n. 648.
NAUTICAL ALMANAC, i. 592; xvii. 260;
origination of, xv. 609.
NAUTICAL MAPS, xv. 518.
NAUTICAL SURVEYING, xxn. 713.
NAUTICAL TERMS, Glossary of, xxi. 603.
NAUTILUS, genus of Mollusca, vi. 736,
739; xvi. 667, 671.
NAUVOO, Illinois, U.S.A., Mormon
temple at, xvi. 826.
NAVAJOES, American-Indian tribe, xn.
833-
NAVAL ARCHITECTS, Institution of,
London, xxi. 809.
NAVAL COLLEGES, British, xvn. 263;
vn. 314.
NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, xxi. 809.
NAVAL COURTS MARTIAL, vi. 519.
NAVAL HOSPITALS, xn. 306.
NAVAL SOCIETIES, xxn. 227.
NAVAL STRATEGY AND TACTICS, xxiv.
363-
NAVAL VOLUNTEERS, British, xxiv.
294.
NAVAN, town, Ireland, xv. 669.
NAVARIN, island, Tierra del Fuego,
xxiii. 384.
NAVARINO, seaport and bay, Greece,
xvii. 249; xvi. 53; battle of (1827),
vi. 107; ix. 619; XL 125; xxi. 101;
xxiii. 650.
NAVARRA, or Navarre, province, Spain,
xvn. 249; xxii. 298.
NAVARRE, kingdom, Spain, xxn. 312,
324, 325, 327; connexion of, with
Capet fainilv, v. 55; Henrv of, ix.
562.
NAVARRESE-ARAGONESE DIALECT,
xxn. 351.
NAVARRETE, Spain, Battle of (1367),
xvin. 451.
, Juan Fernandez, Spanish painter,
xvii. 250.
, Martin Fernandez de, Spanish
historian, XVII. 250.
NAVAS DE TOLOSA, Battles of (1212 and
1808), in. 241; xxii. 317.
NAVE, in architecture, n. 468.
NAVIES, Comparative view of, xvn.
291.
NAVIGATING OFFICER, in navy, his
duties, XVII. 293.
NAVIGATION, xvii. 250; gradual growth
of, I. 185; Phoenician, xvm. 804; of
rivers, XX. 575.
NAVIGATIONI E VIAGGI, Ramusio's
work, xx. 270.
NAVIGATION LAWS, xvii. 277; as affect
ing rivers, xx. 565; restricting Ameri
can colonies of England, xxiii. 733,
737-
NAVIGATORS' ISLANDS, South Pacific,
xvn. 279.
NAVIGIUM SEU VOTA, Lucian's dia
logue, xv. 44.
NAVY, xvii. 279; court martial, vi. 519;
prize court, xix. 767 ; dockyard
management of, vn. 316; laws affect
ing seamen in, xxi. 605; marines of,
xv. 544; official rank in, xix. 667;
savings banks, XXL 330; ships of war,
xxi. 821; signals, XXII. 49; European,
vill. 706; French, IX. 517; German,
x. 468; Italian, Xin. 458; Russian,
XXI. 72; United States, xxiii. 828;
societies of naval science, XXII. 227.
NAWAB, Indian title, xn. 796.
NAWABGANJ, town, India, xvni. 72;
xxiii. 673.
NAWANAGAR, state and town, India,
xvii. 301.
NAWAWI, learned Moslem sheikh, xvn.
301.
NAXOS, Greek colony, Sicily, xvn. 302.
, island, yEgcan Sea, Turkey, xvn.
302.
NAXUANA, town, Armenia, xvn. 167.
NAYA, town, Turkestan, xiv. 67.
NAYAGARH, state, India, xvn. 302.
NAYLER, or Naylor, James, Puritan
fanatic, xvn. 302.
NAZARENES, Jewish Christian sect, xvn.
302; their relation to the Ebionites,
VII. 619.
NAZARETH, town, Palestine, xvn. 302;
xvin. 171.
, river, West Africa, xvn. 733.
NAZARITE, or Nazirite, Hebrew devotee,
xvn. 303; xin. 407.
N'DAR (St Louis), town, Senegambia,
West Africa, xxi. 182.
NEA, river, Norway, xvn. 575.
NEAGH, Lough, Ireland, n. 142; xin.
216.
NEAL, Daniel, historian of the Puritans,
xvn. 303; his account of Boston,
U.S.A., iv. 77.
— , Joseph, American humorist, I. 728.
NEALE, John Mason, English ecclesias
tical historian and hymnologist, xvn.
304-
NEANDER, August, German theologian,
XVII. 304; his history of the church,
V. 766.
, Joachim, German hymn-writer,
xvn. 305; xn. 587.
NEANDRIA, ancient town, Asia Minor,
xxni. 580.
NEAPOLLS (Naples, q.v.), ancient town,
Italv, xvn. 190; coins of, xvn.
637.^
(Kavala), ancient town, Macedonia,
xiv. 19.
-, town, Palestine, XXI. 783.
NEAPOLITAN HOG, i. 400.
NEAP TIDE, xxni. 353.
NEARCHUS, admiral of Alexander the
Great, xvn. 305.
NEARCTIC REGION, in zoology, vn. 274.
NEATH, town, Wales, xvii. 306.
NEAT'S-FOOT OIL, xvn. 744, 747.
NEB, river, Isle of Man, xv. 450.
NEBENIUS, Friedrich, German econo
mist, XIX. 387.
NEBIIM, ancient Oriental religious
enthusiasts, xin. 402; xix. 815.
NEBI SAMWTL, mountain, Palestine,
xvin. 172.
NEBO, Mount, Utah, LLS.A., xxiv. 19.
- YUNUS, ruins, Nineveh, XVII. 512.
NEBRASKA, State, U.S.A., xvn. 306.
NEBRODIAN MOUNTAINS, Sicily, xxn.
29.
NEBTI, Egyptian divinity, vn. 717.
NEBUCHADNEZZAR, king of Babylon,
xvn. 309; in. iSS; xin. 416;
xiv. 159; palace of, at Babylon, in.
182.
NEBUL/E, in astronomy, n. 820; spectrum
analysis of, x. 215.
NEBULAR THEORY, xvn. 310; Laplace
on, xiv. 302.
NECESSITARIANISM, Collins on, vi.
147.
NECHO, of Scripture, xvii. 312; vn.
743; xin. 416.
NECIB, Aramaic word, its meaning,
xin. 402.
NECK, Anatomy of the, I. 821.
NECKAR, river, Germany, xx. 519;
xxiv. 700.
NECKER, Anne Louise Germaine,
baroness de Stael-Hol.stein, xxn. 439.
, Jacques, French financier, xvn.
312; IX. 594.
— , Madame (Suzanne Curchod), XVII.
312.
NECROMANCY, magic, xv. 199 ; in
England (1581), vn. 22.
NECROPHAGA, group of beetles, vi.
130.
N E C — N E P
309
NECROSIS, bone disease, xvn. 313; of
the teeth, vn. 97.
NECTANEBUS, magician, in romance,
xx. 640.
NECTAR, in Greek mythology, xvn. 313.
, excretion in flowers, xil. 136; xix.
53-
NECTARIES, of flowers, iv. 134; xn.
136; xix. 53.
NECTARINA, genus of insects, xxiv.
392-
NECTARINE, tree and fruit, xvn. 313;
xn. 272; xvni. 442.
NECTARINIID^:, family of birds, xxn.
652.
NECTOGALE, genus of insectivorous
mammals, xv. 403.
NEDHAM, Marchmont, English news-
book writer, xvn. 414.
NEDIM, Ottoman poet, xxm. 657.
NEDJD, or Xedjid, district, Arabia, n.
238, 254.
NEEDLE, for sewing, xvn. 313.
, Magnetic, vi. 225; xv. 220.
NEEDLE-GUN, Inventor of the, vn. 470.
NEEDLE-ORE, mineral, xvi. 395.
NEEDLEPOINT LACE, xiv. 183, 185.
NEER, Aernaut van der, Dutch painter,
xvn. 314.
, Eglon van der, Dutch painter, xvn.
3I5-
NEERWINDEN, Belgium, Battle of (1793),
in. 130; ix. 605.
NEES VON ESENBECK, Christian Gott
fried, German naturalist, xvn. 315.
NEETUM (Xoto), ancient town, Sicily,
xvn. 597.
NEF, silver casket, xix. 185.
NEFI, Ottoman poet, xxm. 656.
NEFOOD, sand-ridges, Arabia, n. 239.
NEGAPATAM, town, India, xvn. 315;
xxm. 47.
NEGATIVE, in photography, xvni. 824.
NEGLIGENCE, in law, xvn. 315; xxm.
454-
NEGOI, or Xegoj, mountain, Transyl
vania, xn. 361; xxm. 521.
NEGRETTI AND ZAMBRA, their deep-sea
thermometer, xxm. 292.
NEGRIER, Frangois de, French com
mander, Tong-King, xxm. 442.
NEGRI SAMBILAN, districts, Malay
Peninsula, XV. 322.
NEGRITOS, race of people, Malay Penin
sula, xv. 323; in Philippine Islands,
xvni. 753.
NEGRO, NEGROES, race of people, xvn.
316; I. 263; constitutional adaptation
of, I. 88; religion of, XX. 362; Nubian,
xvn. 611; of the Soudan, xxil. 278;
in United States, XXin. 821; Negro
slavery, xxil. 137, 143.
, Eio, river, Patagonia, xvni. 353.
CORN, or Durra, vn. 564; xvi.
321.
NEGROID RACE, in Asia, n. 697.
NEGROID TVPE, of man, n. 113.
NEGROLAND, or Soudan, Africa, xxn.
277.
NEGROPONT, island, Greece, vin.
649.
NEGROS, island, Philippines, xvni. 748,
752.
NEGRO SLAVERY, xxn. 137, 143.
NEGUS, ruler of Abyssinia, I. 65.
N EH A VEND, Persia, Battle of (c. 641),
xvni. 616.
NEHEMIAH, of Scripture, xvn. 320;
xin. 418; xvni. 512.
— , Book of, vin. 831.
NEHRA, Madame de, friend of Mirabeau,
xvi. 494.
NEIDPATH CASTLE, Peeblesshire, Scot
land, xvni. 452.
NEIGHBOURS, The, by F. Bremer, iv.
257.
NEILGHERRY (Nilgiri), state, India,
xvn. 508.
HILLS, India, xvn. 508; xn. 733;
xv. 184, 187.
NEISSE, town, Prussia, xvn. 320; xxn.
53-
NEITH, Egyptian divinity, vn. 718.
NEIVA, river, Russia, xvn. 369.
NEIVINSK, iron- works, Russia, xvn.
369-
NEJD, district, Arabia, II. 238, 254.
NEJRAN, province, Arabia, n. 254.
NEKRASOFF, Nicholas, Russian poet,
xxi. 109.
NEK.U (Xecho), king of Egypt, xvn. 312;
vn. 743; xin. 416.
XELEID/E, Greek race, xvn. 320.
NELEUS, of Greek mythology, xvn.
320; xvni. 474.
, the Peripatetic, inheritor of Aris
totle's library and manuscripts, n.
512.
XELLORE, district, India, xvn. 320.
NELSON, town, Xew Zealand, xvn.
321.
, Viscount, English admiral, xvn.
321; his victories, vin. 363.
N EM AH A, river, Nebraska, U.S.A.,
xvn. 308.
NEMALITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
NEMANYA, Stephen, Servian king, xxi.
688.
NEMATHELMINTHES, order of worms,
xvn. 324.
NEMATOBLAST, in development of
spermatozoa, xx. 412.
NEMATOIDEA, or Xematodes, group of
worms, xvn. 324 ; parasitic forms,
xvni. 259; in Lankester's classifica
tion, xxiv. 813.
N EMATOPHORA, in Lankester's classifica
tion, xxiv. 812.
NEMAUSUS (Ximes), ancient town,
France, xvn. 511.
NEMCOVA, Bozena, Bohemian story-
writer, xxn. 153.
NEMEAN GAMES, in ancient Greece, x.
65.
NEMEDIANS, in Irish legend, v. 299;
xin. 243.
NEMERTEANS, or Nemcrtines (q.v.),
xvn. 326.
NEMERTES, genus of worms, xvn. 326.
, in Greek mythology, xvn. 326.
NEMERTINES, subdivision of worms,
xvn. 326; nervous system of, xxiv.
183; parasitic forms, xvni. 259.
NEMESIANUS, Roman poet, xvn. 331;
on hunting, xn. 393.
NEMESIS, Greek goddess, xvn. 331.
, of Tibullus, xxm. 349.
NEMESIUS, bishop of Emesa, Christian
philosopher, xvn. 331.
NEMETACUM (Arras), ancient town,
France, II. 629.
NEMIROFF, town, Russia, xix. 254.
NEMOCERA, group of insects, xin. 150.
NEMTHUR, Scotland, birthplace of St
Patrick, xvni. 411.
NEMU, mountain, Central America, vi.
449-
NENAGH, town, Ireland, xvn. 331;
xxm. 406.
NENASITETZ RAPIDS, Dnieper river,
Russia, vii. 306.
NENCIA DA BARBERINO, Lorenzo dei
Medici's work, xv. 786.
NENE, river, England, xvn. 555.
NENGONE, island, South Pacific, xv. 30.
NENNIUS, early British clironicler,
xvn. 332; v. 315; xx. 643.
NEOEAL^NA, genus of cetacean mam
mals, xv. 395.
NEOCASTRO (Xavarino), town, Greece,
xvn. 249.
NEOCOMIAN ROCKS, in geology, x. 357.
NEO-LATIN, xx. 661.
NEOLITHIC PERIOD, n. 337; remains
in caves of, v. 268..
NEOMENI^E, order of Mollusca, xvi. 641.
NEOPENTANE, paraffin, v. 558.
NEOPHYTE, in the ancient church, xvn.
332.
XEOPLATONISM, school of philosophy,
xvn. 332; I. 500; xn. 602; ethics of,
VIII. 587; its mystical character, xvn.
130; in relation to Manichaeism, XV.
481; of Origen, xvn. 841.
NEOPTOLEMUS, in Greek legend, xvn.
339-
NEOPYTHAGOREANISM, philosophical
doctrine, xx. 139.
NEO-SYRIAC DIALECTS, xxi. 649.
XEOTOMA, genus of rodent mammals,
xvn. 6.
NEOTROPICAL REGION, in zoology, vn.
273-
NEPAL, or Nepaul, independent state,
Asia, xvn. 340; XL 822; birds of, in.
761.
NEPEAN ISLAND, South Pacific, xvn.
537-
NEPENTHES, genus of plants, xin. 138.
NEPHALISTS, temperance reformers,
xiv. 688.
310
N E P — N E U
NEPHALIS VULGARIS, species of leeches,
xiv. 405.
NEPHELINE, mineral, x. 228; xvi.
412.
NEPHIN, mountain, Ireland, XV. 650.
NEPHRITE, mineral, xm. 539; xvi.
417.
NEPHTHYS, Egyptian divinity, vn.
717.
NEPOKO, river, Central Africa, xxiv.
764.
NEPOMUK, St Jolm of, xm. 718.
NEPOS, Cornelius, Koman historian,
xvii. 345.
, Julius, Koman emperor, xvii.
345-
NEPTUNE, Koman god (the Greek
Poseidon), xvii. 345; temple of, at
Rome, XX. 827.
— , planet, il. 782, 813; xiv. 487; as
affected by tidal friction, xxni. 380.
NEPTUNIST THEORY, geological, xxiv.
502.
NERAC, town, France, xvii. 345.
NERBUDDA, river, India, xvii. 345; iv.
21.
NEREIDS, of Greek legend, xvii. 346.
NEREIS, genus of Annelida, n. 65.
NEREUS, of Greek legend, XVII. 346.
NERGISI, Turkish writer, xxm. 656.
NERI, Philip, Florentine ecclesiastic,
xvii. 346, 85; ix. 334.
NERITINA, genus of snails, xxn. 188.
NERIUM, genus of plants, xvii. 759.
NERO, Roman emperor, xvii. 347; xx.
772> 7755 as antichrist, n. 125; refer
ence to, in the Apocalypse, xx. 499;
golden house of, at Rome, xx. 829.
— , lake, Russia, xxiv. 731.
NEROPHIS, genus of fishes, xix. 112.
NERTCHINSK, town, Siberia, xvii. 351.
, or Nertchinskiy Zavod, town and
silver mine, Siberia, xvii. 352.
NERUDA, Jan, Bohemian poet, xxn.
152.
NERULOS, J. R., modern Greek drama
tist, vn. 419.
NERVA, Roman emperor, xvn. 352; his
adoption of Trajan, xxni. 502.
NERVES, xix. 23; i. 880; diseases of,
xvin. 390; xxni. 678; repair of,
xviii. 367; of the Crustacea, vi. 636;
Sir Charles Bell on, ill. 541, See
also Nervous System.
NERVOUS DISEASES, xvin. 390; xxni.
678.
NERVOUS SYSTEM, xix. 8, 23; anatomy
of, I. 858, 863; in relation to blood
circulation, XXIV. 109 ; locomotor
ataxy of, n. 826; magnetic pheno
mena in, xv. 277; of lower animals,
xxiv. 183; of birds, in. 724; of earth
worm, XXIV. 678; of fishes, XII. 650;
of mammals, xv. 366; of molluscs,
XVI. 636; of reptiles, XX. 459; Bon
net's theory of, IV. 35.
NERVOUS TISSUES, of animals, xn. 9.
NESHAPUR, town, Persia, xvn. 514.
NESOKIA, genus of rodent mammals,
xvii. 5.
NESOMYS, genus of rodent mammals,
xvii. 6.
NESS, Loch, Scotland, xiv. 217; xxi.
526.
NESSELRODE, Charles Robert, Count,
Russian diplomatist, xvn. 353.
NESSLER'S REAGENT, compound of
mercury, XVI. 34.
NEST, NESTS, of birds, in. 771; edible,
xxn. 760; of weaver-birds, xxiv. 463;
of wasps, xxiv. 391.
NESTE D' AURE, river, France, xx. 127.
NESTEIA, Greek festival, xxni. 295.
NESTOR, in Greek legend, xvn. 354.
, Russian chronicler, xvn. 354;
xxi. 103.
, bird, xvn. 354; xvin. 323.
NESTORIAN INSCRIPTION, at Se-gan
Foo, China, xxi. 622.
NESTORIANS, Eastern religious sect,
xvn. 357; xxn. 829; Nestorianism,
XL 155; xm. 671; xvn. 356.
NESTORIUS, patriarch of Constantinople,
xvn. 355; his conflict with Cyril, vi.
752.
NESZAWA, town, Russian Poland, xxiv.
375-
NET, NET-MAKING, xvn. 358; for sea
fishing, ix. 247.
NETHERLANDS, or Holland (q.v.\ xn.
59; connexion of, with Belgium, in.
526; Presbyterian Church of, XIX.
696; under Don John of Austria, XIII.
717; relations with Spain, xxn. 328,
332; struggle against Philip II., XVIII.
744-
NETHINIM, in the temple at Jerusalem,
VTW A Q9
XIV. 400-
NETHOU, Mont, France, IX. 505; xx.
125.
NETLEY, England, Army medical school
at, n. 586.
NETS, xvn. 358; ix. 247.
— , Torpedo, xxni. 451.
NETSCHER, Gaspar, German painter,
xvn. 360.
NETTESHEIM, Henry Cornelius von,
German philosopher, I. 418; on scep
ticism, xxi. 382.
NETTING, or Net-making, xvn. 359.
NETTIUM, subgenus of birds, XXIII.
105.
NETTLE, plant, xvn. 360.
NETTLE-CREEPER, bird, xxiv. 553.
NETTLEFOLD'S LOCK, xiv. 748.
NETTLERASH, skin disease, xvn. 360;
xxn. 122.
NETTLE TREE, xvn. 360; XL 360.
NETUM (Noto), ancient town, Sicily,
xvn. 597.
NEUBER, Friderica C., German drama
tist, vn. 441.
NEU-BRANDENBURG, town, Germany,
xvn 360.
NEUBURG, town, Bavaria, xvn. 361.
NEUCHATEL, canton, Switzerland, xvn.
361; xxn. 794.
, town, Switzerland, xm. 781; xvn.
361; observatory at, xvn. 713.
, Lake of, Switzerland, xvn. 361;
xxn. 777; lake-dwellings in, xiv. 224.
NEUDORF (Iglo), town, Hungary, xn.
700.
NEUENAHR, spa, Germany, xvi. 435.
NEUENBURG (Neuchatel, q.v.), canton,
Switzerland, xvn. 361.
NEUFCHATEL (Neuchatel, q.v.\ canton
and town, Switzerland, xvn. 361, 362.
NEUHAUSEL, town, Hungary, xvn.
362.
NEUHOF, Theodor, Baron von, courtier
and adventurer, xvn. 362.
NEUILLY-SUR-SEINE, town, France,
xvn. 362.
NEUMANN, Carl Friedrich, German
Orientalist, xvn. 362.
, Franz Ernst, his method of electric
induction, vin. 76.
, J., his transformation theorem in
magnetism, xv. 248.
— , Wilhelm, friend of Neander,
xvn. 304.
NEUMARKT, town, Hungary, xvn. 538.
NEU-MUNSTER, town, Prussia, xvn.
363-
NEUNKIRCHEN, town, Prussia, xvn.
363-
NEURALGIA, disease, xvn. 363; xvin.
390; as due to malaria, xv. 317.
NEURI, Scythian race, xxi. 575.
NEURINE, nitrogenous carbon com
pound, xvn. 520.
NEURO-HYPNOTISM, mesmerism, xv.
278.
NEUROKERATIN, horny matter in
nerves, xix. 24.
NEUROPTERA, order of insects, xm.
151.
NEUROTIC POISONS, xix. 278.
NEU-RUPPIN, town, Prussia, xvn. 364.
NEU-SANDEC, town, Galicia, Austria,
xvn. 364.
NEUSATZ, town, Hungary, xvn. 365.
NEUSIEDLER SEE, lake, Hungary, in.
117; xn. 362.
NEUSOHL, town, Hungary, xvn. 365.
NEUSS, town, Rhenish Prussia, xvn.
365-
NEUSTADT, town, Austria, xvn. 365.
, district and town, Germany, xxi.
349-
, town, Prussian Silesia, xvn. 365.
NEUSTADT - AN - DER - HAARDT, town,
Bavaria, xvn. 365.
NEUSTADT-EBERSWALDE, town, Bran
denburg, Prussia, xvn. 366.
NEUSTADT-HARZBURG, town, Bruns
wick, Germany, xi. 508.
NEU-STETTIN, town, Prussia, xvn. 366.
NEU-STRELITZ, town, Mecklenburg,
Germany, xvn. 366.
N E U — N E W
311
NEUSTRIA, kingdom of the Franks, ix.
530; x. 477; xvn. 538.
NEUTER INSECTS, in. 484; xin. 146.
NEU - TITSCHEIN, town, Moravia,
Austria, xvn. 366.
NEUTRA, town, Hungary, xvn. 366.
NEUTRALITY, International law of, xin.
195; xix. 766.
NEU-ULM, town, Wtirtemberg, xxin.
720.
NEUWIED, town, Rhenish Prussia, xvn.
366.
NEVA, river, Russia, xvn. 366; in. 294;
xxi. 190.
NEVADA, State, U.S.A., xvn. 367; mines
of, xvi. 470; xxin. 815.
, mountain, Peru, XVin. 672.
• , Sierra, mountains, Spain, XXII.
294.
NEVADO DE TOLUCA, mountain, Mexico,
xxin. 437.
NEVAYI, Mir All Shir, Ottoman poet,
xxin. 656.
NEVEL, town, Russia, xxiv. 262.
NEVERS, town, France, xvn. 368, 496;
its enamelled pottery, Xix. 629.
NEVIANSK, town, Russia, xvn. 369;
xvin. 550.
NEVIL, or Neville, Richard, earl of War
wick, xxiv. 381; vil. 685; vin. 327,
328.
NEVILLE'S CROSS, England, Battle of
(1346), xxi. 489.
NEVIRNUM (Nevers), ancient town,
France, xvn. 369.
NEVIS, island, West Indies, xvil. 369;
xxi. 159.
, Ben, mountain, Scotland, Xlll.
199.
NEVO (Ladoga), lake, Russia, xiv.
199.
NEW ALBANY, town, Indiana, U.S.A.,
xvn. 369; xv. 23.
NEWALL'S OBSERVATORY, Gateshead,
England, xvn. 711.
NEW AMSTERDAM, island, Indian Ocean,
xxi. 189.
NEW AMSTERDAM, town, British Guiana,
XL 251.
NEW ARCHANGEL, village, Alaska, i.
444-
NEWARK, town, England, xvn. 369.
— , town, New Jersey, U.S.A., XVII.
370.
— , town, Ohio, U.S.A., xvn. 371.
, Lord (David Leslie), Scottish
general, xvn. 371.
CASTLE, Selkirkshire, Scotland,
xxi. 638.
NEWARK-UPON-TRENT, or Newark,
town, England, xvn. 369.
NEWARS, Nepalese race, xvn. 341.
NEW BATH GUIDE, by Anstey, 11. 93.
NEW BEDFORD, town, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., xvn. 371.
NEW BERNE, or Newhern, town, North
Carolina, U.S.A., xvn. 372.
NEWBERYITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
NEWBRIDGE, town, Ireland, xiv. 73.
(Pontypridd), town, Wales, xix.
460.
NEW BRIGHTON, town, New York,
U.S.A., xvn. 372.
NEW BRITAIN, island, South Pacific,
xvn. 372; xv. 835.
NEW BRITAIN, town, Connecticut,
U.S.A., xvn. 372.
NEW BRUNSWICK, province, Canada,
xvn. 373.
NEW BRUNSWICK, town, New Jersey,
U.S.A., xvn. 375.
NEWBURG, or Newburgh, town, New
York, U.S.A., xvn. 375.
NEWBURGH, William of, early English
writer, xxiv. 585.
NEWBURY, town, England, xvn. 375.
NEWBURYPORT, town, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., xvn. 375.
NEW CALEDONIA, island, South Pacific,
xvn. 376; ix. 526; xv. 835; mines
of, xvi. 472; nickel ores of, xvn.
488.
NEW CASTILE, province, Spain, xxn.
298.
NEWCASTLE, or Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
town, England, XVIL 377; High Level
bridge at, IV. 337; college of physical
science, XXIII. 853; libraries, Xiv. 521,
544; neAvspapers, xvn. 421.
, town, Ireland, xiv. 649.
— , town, New South Wales, xvn. 379,
408.
, Duchess of (Margaret Lucas), xvn.
380.
-, Dukes of, xvn. 380.
, Thomas P. Holies, duke of, Eng
lish minister, XVII. 381; vin. 356.
NEW CASTLE, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xvn. 380.
NEWCASTLETON, town, Scotland, xxi.
34-
NEWCASTLE-UNDER-LYME, town, Eng
land, xvn. 380.
NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, or Newcastle
(q.v.\ town, England, xvn. 377.
NEW CHURCH, The, of Swedenborg,
xxn. 759.
NEW-CHWANG, town, China, xvn. 381.
NEWCOMB, Simon, his theorems in non-
Euclidean geometry, xv. 664; on the
nebular theory, xvn. 311.
NEWCOMEN, Thomas, inventor of steam-
engine, xvn. 382; xxn. 474; xxiv.
412.
NEWCOMES, The, by Thackeray, xxin.
216.
NEW CRATYLUS, Donaldson's work, vn.
357-
NEW ENGLAND, north-eastern portion
of United States, xvn. 382; coloniza
tion of, XXIII. 729; founders of, xn.
726.
NEW EPHESUS (Scala Nova), seaport,
Asia Minor, xxi. 361.
NEW FOREST, England, ix. 399; xi. 430.
NEWFOUNDLAND, British colony, North
America, xvn. 382; discovery of, iv.
622; Banks of, in. 17; fisheries, IX.
266; seal fisheries, XXI. 582.
DOG, vn. 327.
NEW GALLOWAY, town, Scotland, xiv.
98.
NEWGATE PRISON, London, xiv. 834,
842.
NEW GEORGIA, one of the Solomon
Islands, South Pacific, xxn. 252.
NEW GLASGOW, town, Nova Scotia,
xvn. 603.
NEW GRANADA, region, South America,
xvn. 386; vi. 156; revolt of, from
Spain, I. 710; liberation of, by Bolivar,
iv. 8.
NEW GUINEA, island, Australasia, xvn.
386; n. 687; birds of, in. 739; lan
guage, XVIII. 231, 780; taboo system
in, xxin. 17.
NEW HAMPSHIRE, State, U.S.A., xvn.
390; newspapers of, xvn. 434; colony
of, xxin. 730.
NEW HARMONY, Indiana, U.S.A.,
Owen's community at, xvin. 88.
NEWHAVEN, town, England, xvn. 393;
xxn. 725.
, village, Scotland, xiv. 431.
NEW HAVEN, town, Connecticut, U.S.A.,
xvn. 394.
NEW HEBRIDES, islands, Pacific Ocean,
xvn. 395; xv. 835.
NEW HOLLAND (Australia), in. 103.
NEW IRELAND, island, South Pacific,
xvn. 372.
NEWJANSKITE, mineral, xvi. 383.
NEW JERSEY, State, U.S.A., xvn. 396;
newspapers of, xvn. 434; colony of,
xxin. 730; Penn's constitution for,
xvin. 494.
NEW JERUSALEM, of the Apocalypse,
xvi. 316.
NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH, Sweden-
borgian, xxn. 760.
NEW-Kow, town, China, xvn. 381.
NEW LANARK, Scotland, Robert Owen's
factory at, xvin. 87.
NEW LEBANON, Shaker settlement,
U.S.A., xxi. 737.
NEWLISTON HOUSE, Linlithgowshire,
Scotland, xiv. 670.
NEW LONDON, town, Connecticut,
U.S.A., xvn. 399.
NEW LOTS, town, Long Island, New
York, U.S.A., xiv. 866.
NEW MALDEN, town, England, xxn.
694.
NEWMAN, Edward, on birds, xvin. 31.
, John Henry, Hymns by, xii. 595.
NEWMARKET, town, England, xvn.
399; horse-races at, iv. 728; xn. 202.
NEW MEXICO, Territory, U.S.A., xvn.
399-
NEW MILLS, town, England, xvn. 402.
NEW MOON, Jewish festival, xxi. 125.
312
N E W — N I C
NEW NETHERLAND (Xew York), Dutch
settlement, America, xvil. 454.
NEW NORCIA, mission station, Western
Australia, xxiv. 508.
NEW ORKNEY ISLANDS, Antarctic
Ocean, XVII. 407.
NEW ORLEANS, town, Louisiana,U.S.A.,
XVIL 402; xv. 22; battle of (1815),
xxiii. 760.
NEW PLYMOUTH, town, Xew Zealand,
xvn. 405.
NEWPORT, town, Isle of Wight, Eng
land, xvil. 405; representation of,
xxiv. 562.
, town, Monmouthshire, England,
xvn. 405.
, town, Pembrokeshire, Wales, xvin.
482.
, town, Kentucky, U.S.A., xvil. 406.
, town, Rhode Island, U.S.A., xvil.
406; XX. 524.
NEW PROVIDENCE, island, Bahamas,
in. 237.
NEW RIVER, Herts and Middlesex, Eng
land, XL 771; xvi. 279.
NEW ROSS, town, Ireland, XVII. 407.
NEW RUSH, town, South Africa, xiv. 77.
NEWRY, town, Ireland, xvn. 407.
NEW SALLEE, town, Morocco, xx. 192.
NEW SARUM, town, England, xxi. 218.
NEW SCOTLAND, district, Transvaal,
xxin. 518.
NEW SHOREHAM, town, England, xxn.
724.
NEW SIDE, Presbyterian denomination,
United States, xix. 698.
NEWS-LETTERS, XVIL 413.
NEW SOUTH SHETLAND, islands, Ant
arctic Ocean, xvil. 407.
NEW SOUTH WALES, Australia, xvn.
407; ill. 114; mines of, xvi. 471;
ruby mines, xxi. 48; newspapers?,
xvn. 437; railways, xx. 252.
NEWSPAPER PRESS, Laws relating to,
xix. 710.
NEWSPAPERS, xvil. 412; copyright in,
VI. 362; numbers posted, XIX. 571;
printing of, xxiii. 703, 709; registra
tion of, xx. 344; reporting for, xx.
404; xxi. 841.
NEWSTEAD ABBEY, Nottinghamshire,
England, xvi I. 599.
NEWT, amphibian, I. 751; xxiii. 577.
NEW TESTAMENT, in. 641; Greek of,
XI. 135, 147; canon of, v. 7; Alford's
edition of, I. 505; Bengel's, in. 571;
Erasmus's, vin. 517; Estienne's, XXII.
535; Griesbach's, XI. 194; Lachmann's,
xiv. 25; Mill's, xvi. 307; Tischen-
dorfs, XXIII. 409; Tregelles's, xxin.
535 ; Wetstein's, xxiv. 520 ; Beza's
translation, in. 625; Tyndale's, XXIII.
675. See also Bible.
NEWTON, town,' U.S.A., xvn. 438.
, B. Wills, Plymouthist, xix. 238.
, George, English divine, I. 582.
, Sir Isaac, English natural philo
sopher, XVII. 438; president of the
Royal Society, xxi. 39; his applications
of algebra, I. 515; his contributions
to astronomy, n. 755; on the mutual
attraction of bodies, in. 63; on infini
tesimal calculus, Xlli. 8; his law of
cooling, XX. 129; his electrical experi
ments, vin. 4; on the formation of
gases, v. 461; his discovery of the law
of gravitation, in. 63, 64; XL 70; on
light, xiv. 579, 590; on the lunar
theory, xvi. 800; on laws of mag
netism, xv. 236; his laws of motion,
XV. 676; on the motions of water, xn.
436; his coloured rings, Xiv. 609; his
sextant, xxi. 724; his telescope, xxin.
J37> 14S> on tides, xxin. 355; on the
velocity of waves, I. 103.
NEWTON, John, English divine and
hymn- writer, xvn. 449; hymns by,
XII. 594.
, John, author of logarithmic tables,
XXIII. 10.
ABBOT, town, England, xvn. 449.
BUSHEL, town, England, xvn.
449-
NEWTONIAN GLOBE, x. 685.
NEWTON-LE-WILLOWS, town, England,
xvn. 449.
NEWTON-ON-AYR, suburb of Ayr, Scot
land, in. 165.
NEWTON STEWART, town, Scotland,
xxiv. 563.
NEWTOWN, town, Wales, xvn. 450.
, town, Long Island, New York,
U.S.A., xiv. 866.
, suburb of Sydney, New South
Wales, xvn. 450.
NEWTOWNARDS, town, Ireland, xvn.
450.
NEW UTRECHT, town, Long Island,
New York, U.S.A., xiv. 866.
NEW WAY TO PAY OLD DEBTS, Mas-
singer's play, xv. 619.
NEW WINDSOR, town, England, xxiv.
600.
NEW YEAR'S DAY, xvn. 450.
NEW YORK, State, U.S.A., xvn. 450;
colony of, xxin. 730; claim of, to
western territory, xxin. 746.
NEW YORK, principal city of United
States, xvn. 457; libraries of, xiv.
536, 550; Astor library, n. 737; news
papers, xvn. 434; police system, xix.
341 ; elevated railroads, xx. 240;
stock exchange, XXII. 557; Madison
Square theatre, xxin. 225; tramways,
xxin. 506; Croton aqueduct tunnel,
XXIII. 620 ; Hudson River tunnel,
xxiii. 623; waterworks, n. 223.
NEW YORK HERALD, newspaper, in.
574-
NEW ZEALAND, islands, Australasia,
XVII. 466; birds of, III. 742; XVIII.
16; extinct birds, ill. 731; coalfields,
VI. 60; marine fishes, xn. 68 1; forests,
IX. 407; geysers, x. 558; gold, x.
744; mines, XVI. 471; newspapers,
xvil. 437 ; post-office, xix. 578;
railways, xx. 253; university, xxin.
856; taboo system amongst Maories
of, xxin. 1 6.
NEW ZEALAND FLAX, xvin. 812.
NEXAL CONTRACT, in Roman law, xx.
693-
NEY, Michel, French marshal, xvn.
471.
NEZIKIM, part of Mishnah, xvi. 505.
NEZ PERCES, American-Indian tribe,
xn. 833.
NGAMI, Lake, Africa, Discovery of, by
Livingstone, I. 247.
NCATKONS, Tungus tribe, Siberia,
xxin. 608.
NGOKO, Javanese language, xin. 608.
NCORNU (Angorno), town, Central
Africa, n. 45; iv. 61.
NGUNIE, river, Africa, xvn. 733.
NGUYEN Dzo, king of Tong-King,
xxin. 440.
NIAGARA, river and cataract, North
America, xvn. 472; iv. 769; xxi.
1 80; suspension bridge across, iv.
333.
FALLS, town, Xew York, U.S.A.,
xvn. 473.
NIAL, Xorse saga, xn. 624.
NlALL, Irish king, xin. 246.
NiAM-NiAM, Central-African race, xvn.
473, 3i9-
NIAS ISLANDS, Sumatra, xxn. 638, 639.
NlBELUNGENLIED, Old German epic
poem, xvn. 474; x. 524; xix. 269;
xx. 657.
NIC^A, town, Asia Minor, xvn. 476;
in. 793; council of (325), n. 538; vi.
560; Xix. 490.
, Empire of, XL 119.
•, Lake of, n. 709.
(Xice), ancient town, France, XV n.
481.
NIC/EAN CREED, vi. 560.
NICANDER, Greek poet, xvn. 476.
NICARAGUA, state, Central America,
xvn. 477; interoceanic canal through,
I. 715; IV. 793; Indian tribes of, XII.
828.
, Lake, Central America, xvn. 477,
478:
NICASTRO, town, Italy, xvn. 480.
NlCATOR, Demetrius II., king of Syria,
vn. 58.
NlCCOLA PlSANO, Italian sculptor and
architect, XIX. 123.
NlCCOLlNl, Giambattista, Italian dra
matist, vn. 417; xin. 514.
NICE, town, Bithynia, Asia Minor, XVIL
476.
, town, France, xvn. 480; observa
tory at, xvn. 712; cession of, to France,
ix. 624; xin. 490.
NICENE CREED, vi. 560.
NICEPHORION, sacred enclosure at Per-
gauium, xvin. 527.
N I C — N I H
313
NlCEPHORlUM, town, Mesopotamia,
xvi. 48.
NICEPHORUS I., Byzantine emperor,
xvu. 481.
II.-IIL, Byzantine emperors, xvu.
482.
BRYENNIUS, Byzantine historian,
iv. 613.
CALLISTI, Greek ecclesiastical his
torian, xvii. 482.
GREGORAS, Byzantine historian,
iv. 613; XL 145.
PATRIARCHA, Byzantine historian,
xvu. 482.
NICETAS of Syracuse, on astronomy, n.
747-
ACOMINATUS, Byzantine historian,
iv. 613.
NICHE, in architecture, II. 468.
NICHOLAS, St, of Myra, Greek bishop
and saint, xvii. 483.
I., the Great, pope, XVII. 483; XIX.
496.
II., pope, xvu. 483; xix. 498;
xx. 791.
III., pope, xvn. 484; XIII. 475;
xx. 798.
IV., pope, xvii. 484; xx. 798.
V., pope, xvu. 484; xin. 480; xix.
503; xx. 806; policy of, xx. 381.
V., antipope, xvii. 484; xm. 712.
I., czar of Russia, xvii. 485; xxi.
101.
IV., Prince Eszterhazy, vm. 564.
of Basel, mystic, xvii. 486, 133.
of Padua, romancist, xx. 626.
ALEMANNI, editor of Procopius,
xxiii. 276.
DE CLEMENGES, on corruptions in
the church, xx. 320.
JOSEPH, Prince Eszterhazy, vin.
564.
NlCKLEBY, Dickens's novel, VII.
176.
NICHOLS, John, English antiquary,
XVII. 486.
, or Nicolls, Colonel Richard, gover
nor of New Jersey, U.S.A., XVII. 398,
455-
NICHOLSON, William, English natural
philosopher, xvu. 487.
, William, English painter, xvu.
487.
NICIAS, Athenian general, xvii. 487;
xxn. 814.
NICKEL, metal, xvii. 487; as chemical
element, v. 535; cyanide of, xx. 23;
in iron, xm. 284; magnetization of,
xv. 256, 261 ; mines, in New Caledonia,
xvu. 376; ores of, xvi. 58.
, Goswin, general of the Jesuits,
xm. 654.
NICKELERZ, mineral, xvi. 404.
NICKEL IRON, of Ovifak, xvi. 113.
NICKELITE, mineral, xvi. 392.
NICKEL OCHRE, mineral, xvi. 404.
NICKEL SILVER, vi. 351; x. 446.
NICOBARS, islands, Bay of Bengal,
XVII. 489; II. 685; birds of, III. 761.
NICOL, William, Scottish natural philo
sopher, xvii. 489; his prism of Ice
land spar, iv. 653; vi. 676; xiv. 612.
NlCOLAl, Christoph Friedrich,. German
author and bookseller, XVII. 489; x.
534-
-, Philip, German hymn-writer, XII.
586.
NICOLAIEFF (Nikolaieff), town, Russia,
xvu. 503, 714.
NICOLAS, or Nicholas, of Basel, mystic,
xvii. 486, 133.
, or Nicolaus, of Cusa, scholastic
philosopher and mystic, VI. 728; XVII.
134; xx. 323; xxi. 431.
of Hereford, English Biblical trans
lator, vm. 383.
-, Henry, leader of Familist sect,
vi. 844.
, Sir Nicholas Harris, English anti
quary, xvii. 489.
NICOLE, Pierre, Port- Royalist, French
scholar, xvn. 490.
NICOLETTO (Niccolo Cassana), Italian
painter, v. 182.
NICOLLS, or Nichols, Colonel Richard,
deputy governor, New York, xvn.
398, 455-
NICOLO, stone, xvii. 776.
NICOMACHEAN ETHICS, of Aristotle,
n. 517; vm. 583.
NICOMEDES I.-III., kings of Bithynia,
xvn. 490.
NICOMEDIA, or Nicomedea, town, Asia
Minor, xvn. 490; in. 793; xv. 143.
NlCOPlA (Nykoping), ancient town,
Sweden, xvn. 688.
NICOPOL, town, Russia, xvn. 504.
NlCOPOLl, town, Bulgaria, XVII. 504.
NlCOPOLIS, town, Asia Minor, xvn. 491.
— , town, Egypt, XVII. 491.
— , town, Epirus, Greece, XVII. 490.
-, town, Thrace, xvn. 491.
NICOSIA, town, Cyprus, xvn. 491.
-, town, Italy, xvn. 491
NiCOT, Jean, introducer of tobacco,
xxin. 423.
NICOTIAN A, genus of plants, xxin.
423-
NICOTINE, volatile vegetable alkaloid,
xxin. 425.
NIDA, river, Russian Poland, xix.
3°7-
NiDAROS (Throndhjem), ancient town,
Norway, xxin. 321.
NIDDRY CASTLE, Linlithgowshire,
Scotland, xiv. 670.
NlDIFICATION, of birds, III. 771.
NlDRA (Hydra), island, Greece, XII.
430.
NIDWALD, district, Switzerland, xxn.
781, 794; xxin. 858.
NlEBUHR, Barthold Georg, Danish
historian of Rome, xvn. 491; his
relations with Bunsen, iv. 522.
NIEBUHR, Karsten, Danish Eastern tra
veller, xvn. 493.
NlEDER-BEUTHEN, town, Germany, in.
621.
NIEDERHERMSDORF, town, Prussia,
XL 752.
NIEDERINGELHEIM, town, Germany,
xin. 73.
NIEDERWYL, Switzerland, Lake-dwell
ings at, xiv. 223.
NIEJIN (Niezhin), town, Russia, xvn.
496.
NIELLO, in metal-work, xvn. 494; ix,
215; vin. 439; xin. 81.
NlEMCEWicz, Julian Ursin, Polish
writer, xvn. 495; xix. 303.
NIEMEN, river, Russia and Germany,
in. 294; xix. 307; xxi. 73.
NlEPCE, Joseph Nicephore, French
chemist, xvn. 495; his contributions
to photography, vi. 761; xvin. 822.
DE ST VICTOR, Claude F. A., his
contributions to photography, XVIL
495; xvin. 824.
NiEREMBERG, Juan K, on birds, xvin.
4, 15-
NiEUPORT, Belgium, Battle of (1600),
xn. 78.
NIEUWENTYT, Bernard, Dutch philoso
pher, xvin. 182.
NlEUWLAND, Pieter, Dutch writer, xn.
96.
N I EVES, town, Mexico, xxiv. 761.
NIEVRE, department, France, xvn. 495.
NIEZHIN, town, Russia, xvii. 496.
NIGANTHA NATA-PUTTA, Jain leader,
India, xin. 544.
NIGER, river, Africa, xvu. 496; i. 253;
xxin. 391.
, C. Pescennius, Roman governor of
Syria, xvn. 498; xxi. 699.
, Petrus, Swedish chronicler, XXII.
754-
OIL, xvn. 744, 746.
NIGHT-HERON, bird, XL 762.
NIGHTINGALE, bird, xvn. 498; its dis
tribution, in, 756.
- ISLAND, South Atlantic, xxni.
576
NIGHTJAR, bird, x. 711.
NIGHTMARE, regarded as a demon, vn.
62.
NIGHTSHADE, plant, xvn. 499, 231;
in. 543.
NIGHTSOIL, as manure, I. 349.
NIGHT THOUGHTS, Young's poem,
xxiv. 755.
NIGIDALS, Tungus tribe, Siberia, xxin.
608.
NIGRITIA, or Soudan (q.v.), Central
Africa, xxn. 277.
NIHILISM, Russian revolutionary move
ment, xxi. 102; xxn. 217.
NIHON, name for Japan, xin. 569.
NlHONGi, Japanese record, xin. 587.
NIHON GUAISHI, Japanese history,
xin. 587.
XXV. — 40
314
N I I — N I V
NIIGATA, town, Japan, xvn. 499; xin.
578.
NIIHAU, island, Hawaiian group,
Pacific, XI. 532.
NIJAR, town, Spain, xvn. 500.
NIJNE-DYEVITSK, town, Russia, xxiv.
298.
NIJNE-TAGHILSK, town, Russia, xvii.
500; xvni. 550.
NIJNE-TCHIRSKAYA, town, Russia,
xvii. 500.
NlJNi-LOMOFF, town, Russia, xvii.
500; xvni. 515.
NlJNl-NovGOROD, government, Russia,
xvii. 500; xxi. 69.
— , or Nijniy, town, Russia, xvn. 501.
NlKA, insurrection (532), at Constanti
nople, xvn. 233; xxin. 555.
NIKITIN, Athanasius, Russian traveller,
XXI. 103.
, Ivan S., Russian poet, xxi. 107.
NIKITINO, town, Russia, xxin. 607.
NIKITIN ROG (Nikopol), town, Russia,
xvii. 504.
NIKKO, town, Japan, xvn. 503; lake,
xni. 572.
NIKOLAIEFF, town, Russia, xvn. 503;
observatory at, xvn. 714.
NIKOLAIEVSK, or Nikolaevsk, town,
Russia, xvn. 504; xxi. 243.
NlKOLAIEVSKAYA SLOBODA, village,
Russia, xvn. 504.
NIKOLAIEVSK - ON - THE - AMOOR, or
Nikolayevsk, town, Siberia, xvn. 504;
xv. 548.
NIKOLO - UGRYESHSKIY, monastery,
Moscow, Russia, xvi. 859.
NIKOLSBURG, Moravia, Treaty of (1624),
XII. 369.
NIKOLSK, town, Russia, xxiv. 283.
NIKOLSKOYE, town, Russia, xvn I. 54.
NIKON, patriarch, Greek Church, Russia,
XXI. 82, 105.
NIKOPOL, town, Russia, xvii. 504.
NIKOPOLI, town, Bulgaria, xvn. 504.
NIKSAR, town, Asia Minor, xix. 459.
NIKSITCH, town, Montenegro, xvi. 781.
NILE, river, Africa, xvii. 504; i. 252;
vn. 705; Bruce's exploration of, iv.
393; Speke's, xxil. 390; in Ptolemy's
geography, XX. 95.
— , Battle of the (1798), Egypt, I. 52;
vin. 363; xvn. 322.
NILGIRI, state, India, xvn. 508.
- HILLS, India, xvn. 508; xn. 733;
xv. 184, 187.
NILOTIC GROUP, of Negroes, xvn. 319.
NIMAR, district, Central Provinces,
India, xvn. 509.
NIMBUS, in sacred art, in. 89.
, cloud, xvi. 127.
NIMCHA, tribe, Kanristan, Asia, xin.
821.
NlMEGUEN, town, Holland, xvn. 509;
congress and peace of (1678), vi. 270;
^ix. 577; x. 502; xxn. 333.
NIMES, town, France, xvn. 510; amphi
theatre, I. 775; ruins of acpueduct, n.
220; synod of (1572), xix. 693.
NIMO NAMLING, mountain, Tibet,
xxin. 340.
NIMPHIDIA, Drayton's poem, VII. 452.
NlMROD, of Scripture, xvii. 511.
(C. J. Apperley), sporting writer,
II. 211.
NiMROUD, or Nimrud, town of Baby
lonia, ruins, n. 398; xvn. 512; ill.
183; arched tunnels at, XXIII. 623.
NlMWEGEN, or Nimeguen, town, Hol
land, xvn. 509; peace of (1678), vi.
270; ix. 577; x. 502; xxn. 333.
NINE MAIDENS, ancient remains, Eng
land, vi. 427; xxi. 51.
NlNE-PlNS (Skittles), game, XXII. 125.
NINETY MILE BEACH, Victoria,
Australia, xxiv. 215.
NINEVEH, ancient town, Assyria, xvn.
511; architectural remains of, n. 397;
destruction of, xvni. 563; ivories of,
xin. 523; libraries, xiv. 509; wall
sculptures, xvn. 34.
NlNG-Po, town, China, xvn. 513; v.
636.
N INI AN, St, early British bishop, XVII.
513; as missionary in Scotland, xxi.
474-
NINON DE LENCLOS, French ad
venturess, xiv. 445.
NlNUS, ancient town, Assyria, xvn.
511.
, founder of Nineveh, XXI. 640.
NINYAS, son of Semiramis, xxi. 640.
NIN YUAN, town, Central Asia, xiv.
154.
NIOBE, of Greek legend, xvn. 513;
statue of, near Manisa, Asia Minor,
xv. 98, 490.
NIOBIUM, chemical element, XVII. 513;
v- 539-
NIOBRARA, river, Nebraska, U.S.A.,
xvn. 307.
NIORD, in Northern mythology, I.
210.
NIORT, town, France, xvn. 514.
NIPAL, or Nepal, state, Asia, xvn. 340;
in. 762; xi. 822.
N I PA- N I PA, town, Philippine Islands,
xvni. 752.
NIPPLES, Number of, in differentanimals,
xvi. 301; abnormal, xvi. 763.
NIPPOLDT, his electrical researches,
vin. 48.
NIPPON, name for Japan, xin. 569.
NIRVANA, Buddhist doctrine of, iv. 433;
xin. 544.
NISARD, Jean M. N. D., French critic,
ix. 680.
NlSH, or Nisch, towTi, Servia, xvn. 514;
xxi. 688.
NISHAPUR, town, Persia, xvn. 514;
xvni. 627.
NISHAVA, river, Servia, xxi. 686.
NISIB, Syria, Battle of (1839), XXIII.
650.
XISIBIS, town, Mesopotamia, xvn. 514;
xvi. 48.
NISIDA, island, Naples, xvn. iSS.
NISI PRIUS, in law, xvn. 515; n. 729.
NISIR, mountain, Kurdistan, Asia, xiv.
156.
NISMES, or Nimes (</.v.), town, France,
xvn. 510.
NlSSA, or Nish, town, Servia, XVII. 514;
xxi. 688.
NlT, Egyptian divinity, vii. 718.
NITENDI, island, New Hebrides, Pacific,
xvn. 395.
NlTH, river, Scotland, vn. 526.
NlTHARD, J. E., Spanish minister, xxn.
333-
NiTHEROHl, town, Brazil, XX. 562.
NlTOCRIS, queen of Egypt, vn. 734.
NITRATE OF SODA, xxn. 240; deposits
of, in Bolivia, iv. 14; in Peru, xvni.
675; use of, as manure, I. 353.
NITRATES, in chemistry, XVII. 517;
group of minerals, xvi. 396; as ex
plosives, VIII. 807; of mercury, XVI.
33; of potash, XXI. 235; of silver, XXII.
71; of soda, xxn. 240 (see above); of
strontia, xxn. 607.
NITRATINE, mineral, xvi. 396.
NITRE, mineral, xvi. 396.
NITRIC ACID, v. 511; xvn. 518; as
a poison, xix. 277.
NITROBENZOL, source of aniline, n.
48.
NITROCALCITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
NITROGEN, chemical element, xvn. 515;
v. 509; determination of, v. 546; as
constituent of manure, xv. 506 ; in
ocean water, xxi. 612; as plant food,
xix. 49; its effect in steel, xin. 283;
spectrum of, XXIL 375; thermometric
properties of, XI. 574.
NITROGENOUS CARBON COMPOUNDS,
xvii. 519.
NiTROGLYCERIN, in chemistry, xvn.
520; VIII. 800, 811; X. 699; a.s ex
plosive, III. 809; vn. 583.
NlTROMAGNESITE, mineral, XVI. 396.
NlTROSO-BODIES, in chemistry, xvn.
519.
NITROUS OXIDE GAS, as anaesthetic, i.
789.
NITSCHMANN, David, Moravian bishop,
xvi. 812.
NlTTANY, valley, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
xvni. 499.
NITZSCH, Christian Ludwig, on birds,
xvni. 18, 25.
, Gregor Wilhelm, German philo
logist, xvn. 521; on the Homeric
poems, xii. 117.
, Karl Immanuel, German theo
logian, xvn. 521.
, Karl Ludwig, German theologian,
xvn. 521.
NiUE, island, Polynesia, xix. 421.
NlVELLES, town, Belgium, XVII. 521;
normal school at, in. 520.
I V — N 0 R
315
NIVOSE, Plot of (1800), against Napoleon,
XVII. 206.
NIZAM, Mahratta title, India, xv. 291.
— , Territory of the, India, xn. 428.
NIZAMI, Persian poet, XVII. 521; xvni.
657.
NlZAM-ULMULK, Seljuk vizier, XVII.
771; xxi. 635.
NKONDO, town, Loango, Africa, xiv.
743-
No, city of Scripture, vn. 776.
— , lake, Nile, Africa, xvil. 506.
NOACOLLV, district, India, xvn. 524.
NOAH, of Scripture, xvn. 523.
— PROPHECY, in book of Enoch, n.
175-
NOAH'S ARK, Resting place of, n. 309.
NOAH'S HILL, Kurdistan, Asia, xiv.
156.
NOAILLES, distinguished French family,
xvn. 523.
, Louis Antoine, cardinal, xvn. 523;
ix. 584.
NOAKHALI, district, India, xvn. 524.
No-AMON, ancient city, Egypt, vn. 776.
NOB, district, Nubia, xvn. 611.
NOBAT^E, Negro people, Nubia, xvn.
610.
NOBBS, George Hunn, Pitcairn Islander,
xix. 132.
NOBEL, Alfred, his experiments on dy
namite, vii. 583; his explosives, xvn.
521.
NOBILES, Roman, new nobility, XX.
756.
NOBILI, Leopoldo, Italian physicist,
xvn. 524.
NOBILITV, xvn. 524; Xiv. 119; as dis
tinguished from peerage, xvni. 458,
460; British, precedence of, xix. 661,
Roman, XX. 756, 784, 791, 806.
NOBLE, William, English musician,
xvn. 89.
NOBLEMAN, use of the word, xvn. 525.
NOBLES, estate of the realm, United
Kingdom, vin. 557.
NOCERA INFERIORS, town, Italy, xvn.
53°-
NOCERA UMBRIA, town, Italy, xvn.
53o-
No CROSS No CROWN, Perm's work,
xvni. 493.
NOCTES AMBROSIAN/E, Wilson's, xxiv.
592.
NOCTES ATTICS, of Aulus Gellius, x.
135-
NOCTILIO, genus of bats, xv. 413.
NOCTILUCA, genus of Protozoa, XIX.
861.
NODDY, bird, xvn. 531.
NODE, of a curve, xxn. 669.
NODIER, Charles, French writer, xvn.
531; ix. 676.
NOETUS, early church presbyter, xvn.
53i-
NOGAIS, Tartar people, xxin. 70.
NOGOYA, town, Japan, xvil. 164.
NOHLITE, mineral, xvi. 428.
NOIRE, Ludwig, on evolution, vin. 769.
NOIREAU, river, France, xvni. i.
NOIRMOUTIER, island, France, xvn.
NOIZET, J. F. G., his system of fortifi
cation, IX. 447, 463.
NOLA, town, Italy, xvn. 532.
NOLAN, Frederick, English flute-maker,
xxin. 521.
NOLLEKENS, Joseph, English sculptor,
xvn. 532; xxi. 560.
NOLLE PROSEQUI, in law, xvn. 532.
NOLLET, Jean Antoine, French physi
cist, xvil. 532 ; his electrical re
searches, vin. 6.
NOLINSK, town, Russia, xxiv. 303.
NOL. PROS., in law, xvn. 532.
NOMADES, people, Numidia, xvn. 628.
NOMANSLAND, Cape Colony, v. 41;
xin. 817.
NOMENTUM, ancient town, Italy, Xiv.
344-
NOMES, territorial divisions of Egypt,
vn. 701.
NOMINALISM, philosophical system, xvi.
81; xx. 76; defence of, by Occam,
xvn. 718; scholastic, xx. 848; xxi.
419.
NOMOKHAM, Tibetan ruler, xxin. 343.
NOMUKA, island, South Pacific, ix. 779.
NONACRIS, waterfall, Greece, xxn.
614.
NON COMPOS MENTIS, in the law of
insanity, xv. 780.
NONCONFORMISTS, English, xn. 727;
xvn. 533; Russian, xxi. 81, 105.
NONCONFORMITY, Law relating to, xvn.
533; Baxter's influence on, ill. 457.
NON-EPISCOPAL AMERICAN METHOD
ISM, xvi. 192.
NONES, in Roman calendar, iv. 665.
NONETTE, river, France, xvn. 749.
NON-INTERVENTION, political doctrine,
xiii. 192; in relation to the balance
of power, in. 271.
NON-INTRUSION CONTROVERSY, ill
Scotland, v. 376; IX. 744.
NONIUS, or Vernier, xxiv. 169; xvn.
256; xxn. 718.
(Pedro Nunez), Portuguese cosmo-
grapher, xvn. 662, 252.
NONJURORS, in English history, xvn.
533; vin. 378.
NONNUS, Greek poet, xvn. 533.
of Nisibis, Syriac writer, xxn.
846.
NONOHAN, mountain, North Borneo,
xxi. 123.
NON-PALLIATA, section of Mollusca,
xvi. 655.
NONPAREIL, bird, xvn. 534.
NON PLACET, in church legislation,
xxiv. 208.
NON-SUCTORIA, order of Protozoa, xix.
865.
NONSUIT, in law, xvn. 534.
NONTRONITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
NOODT, Gerhard, Dutch jurist, xvn.
534-
NOOTKA SOUND, Vancouver Island,
North America, xxiv. 57.
NOPH (Memphis), town, Egypt, xv. 847.
NORBA C^ESAREA, ancient town, Spain,
I. 458.
NORD, department, France, xvil. 534.
NORDALBINGIA, ancient German terri
tory, xxi. 352, 415.
NORDEN, Sir John, on land tenures, I.
297.
NORDENFELDT MACHINE GUN, XI.
287-
NORDENFLYCHT, Heclvig Charlotta,
Swedish poetess, xxn. 756.
NORDENSKJOLD, Nils A. E., Swedish
Arctic explorer, xix. 323; in Spitz-
bergen, xxn. 410.
NORDEN'S MAP OF LONDON (1593),
xiv. 847.
NORDERNEY, island, East Friesland,
Prussia, xvn. 535.
NORDHAUSEN, town, Prussia, xvn. 535;
xxi. 360.
SULPHURIC ACID, v. 507.
NORDHOFF, Charles, on communistic
societies, vi. 216.
NoRDLlNGEN, town, Bavaria, xvn. 535.
, Heinrich von, German mystic,
xvn. 133.
NORE, river, Ireland, XX. 171.
, Mutiny of the (1797), in British
fleet, vin. 362.
NOREIA (Neumarkt), ancient town,
Hungary, xvn. 538.
NORFOLK, county, England, xvn. 535;
representation, xxin. 727.
, town, Virginia, U.S.A., xvn. 537.
, Duke of, conspirator on behalf of
Mary, queen of Scots, xv. 600.
ISLAND, South Pacific, xvn. 537.
PLOVER, bird, vi. 712.
NORHACHI, Manchu chief, xv. 467.
NORIA, Egyptian water-wheel, xn. 435.
NORIC ALPS, i. 628.
NORICUM, ancient country, Europe,
xvn. 538.
NORMAL SCHOOLS, of Belgium, in.
520.
NORMAN, Robert, discoverer of magnetic
dip, xv. 221.
— ARCHITECTURE, in England, 11.
426.
NORMANBY, Marquis of, English writer
and politician, xvn. 538.
NORMAN CASTLES, v. 197.
NORMAN CONQUEST, of England, vin.
291; its influence on the English
language, vin. 393.
NORMANDY, district in north of France,
XVII. 538; duchy of, xvn. 538; IX.
535) 537! English conquest of, vin.
301; separation of, from England,
vin. 306; xin. 714; under William
I., xxiv. 575.
316
0 E — N 0 T
NORMANDY'S APPARATUS, for distilling
sea-water, vn. 263.
NORMAN KINGS, of England, xxiv. 576.
NORMANS, Scandinavian settlers in
Normandy, etc., XVII. 547; conquest of
Naples by, xvn. 191; of Malta, xv.
342; of Sicily, XXII. 25; tlieir in
fluence on the government of Eng
land, xvm. 303; fusion of, with the
English, vin. 302; in Northumbria,
xvn. 571; weapons of, II. 555.
NORMAN SCULPTURES, xxi. 558.
NORMANTON, town, England, XVII. 552.
NoRRBOTTEN, county, Sweden, XXII.
741.
NORRIS, Edwin, on Cornish and
Armoric dialects, v. 299.
, John, English philosopher, XVII.
552; his criticism of Locke, xiv. 754.
NORRISTOWN, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xvii. 553.
NORRKOPING, town, Sweden, xvii. 553;
xxn. 742.
NORRLAND, division of Sweden, xxil.
736.
NORSE LANGUAGE, xxi. 369.
NORSE LITERATURE, xvn. 589.
NORSEMEN, xvii. 547, 584; Arctic ex
plorations of, XIX. 316; invasion of
Ireland by, xni. 251 ; invasion of
Scotland by, xxi. 477; settlement of
Orkney and Shetland by, xvii. 848.
NORTH, Lord (Earl of Guildford), Eng
lish politician, xvn. 553; vm. 358;
his relations with Pitt, xix. 138.
, Christopher (John Wilson), Scot
tish writer, xxiv. 591.
, Sir Dudley, English economist,
XVII. 554; xix. 358.
, Roger, English historian and bio
grapher, xvn. 555.
, Sir Thomas, translator of Plutarch's
Lives, xvn. 555.
ADAMS, town, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., xvn. 555.
NORTHALLERTON, town, England, XVII.
555-
NORTH AMERICA, i. 669.
NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW, xvm. 544.
NORTHAMPTON, county, England, xvn.
555; representation, xxin. 727.
, town, England, xvn. 557; treaty
of (1328), xxi. 488.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., xvii.
558.
— , Earl of (Spencer Compton), Eng
lish cavalier, xvn. 558.
Earl of (Henry Howard), English
politician, xvii. 558.
TABLE, of mortality, xin. 169.
NORTH AND SOUTH, by Mrs Gaskell,
x. 105.
NORTH BIERLEY, town, England, xvn.
558.
NORTH BORNEO, British, xxi. 123.
NORTH BRITON, Wilkes's newspaper,
xxiv. 567.
NORTHBROOK, Lord, governor-general
of India, xn. Sii.
NORTH CAROLINA, State, U.S.A., xvii.
558; ruby mines of, xxi. 48.
NORTHCOTE, James, English painter,
XVII. 562.
NORTHER, wind, in America, xvi. 149.
NORTHERN LIGHTS, or Aurora, n. 787;
in. 90; xvi. 177, 183.
NORTHFLEET, town, England, xvii.
563.
NORTH HEMPSTE AD, town, Long Island,
New York, U.S.A., xiv. 866.
NORTHMEN, Scandinavians, xvn. 547,
584, 848; as geographical discoverers,
x. 178; Arctic explorations of, xix.
316; invasion of Ireland by, XIII. 251;
invasion of Scotland by, xxi. 477.
NORTH POLE, xix. 315; magnetic, xvi.
163.
NORTH RIVER, New York, U.S.A., xn.
33i-
NORTH SEA, or German Ocean, xvn.
563-
NORTH SHIELDS, town, England, xxin.
675.
NORTH SYDNEY, town, Nova Scotia,
xvii. 603.
NORTHUMBERLAND, county, England,
xvii. 564; coalfield, vi. 51; represen
tation, xxin. 727.
— , Duke of (John Dudley), vn. 686.
— , Duke of (Hugh Smithson), xvm.
— , Earls of, xvm. 523.
- , Kingdom of, in Anglo-Saxon
England, xvn. 568; vin. 270; xxi.
475; under Edwin, vn. 691.
NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES, The,
India, xvii. 571.
NORTH-WEST PASSAGE, Discovery of,
x. 184; search for, I. 715; ix. 720.
NORTH-WEST TERRITORY, British
North America, xvii. 573.
NORTHWICH, town, England, xvn. 574.
NORTON, Caroline Elizabeth, English
woman of letters, xvn. 574.
— , Sir Fletcher, English barrister,
XXIII. 332.
NORWALK, town, Connecticut, U.S.A.,
xvii. 574.
— , town, Ohio, U.S.A., XVII. 574.
NORWAY, country, Europe, xvn. 575;
its union with Sweden (1397), xxil.
743, 746 ; separation from Sweden
(1523), xxn. 747; reunion with Sweden
(1814), xxn. 752; the Reformation in,
XX. 336; birds of, xvni. 17; church,
vin. 491; coins, xvn. 658; fisheries,
IX. 267; forests, IX. 399; language,
XXI. 369 ; Lapps, Xiv. 306 ; libraries,
xiv. 532, 549; mines, XVI. 469; news
papers, xvn. 430; observatories, XVII.
714; oyster culture, xvni. 108; period
ical literature, xvni. 543 ; prison
system, xix. 761; railways, XX. 251;
whale fishery, xxiv. 528.
NORWAY PINE, tree, xix. 103.
NORWAY SPRUCE, tree, ix. 222.
NORWEGIAN LANGUAGE, xxi. 369;
dictionaries of, vn. 186.
NORWEGIAN LITERATURE, xvn. 589.
NORWEGIAN SEA, xvn. 592.
NORWICH, town, England, xvn. 594;
Dominican church at, I. 21; libraries,
xiv. 521, 544; newspapers, xvn. 421;
smallpox epidemic at (1819), xxiv.
28.
— , town, Connecticut, U.S.A., xvn.
596.
NORWOOD, suburb of London, xvn.
596; academy of music for the blind
at, in. 829.
, suburb of Adelaide, South Aus
tralia, xvn. 596.
-, Richard, his works on navigation,
xvn. 256; his measurement of length
of a degree, vn. 597.
NOSE, Anatomy of the, i. 825, 884;
xxn. 166; in physiognomy, xix. 4;
of reptiles, xx. 462.
NOSEAN, mineral, x. 228; XVI. 412.
NOSIBE, or Nossi-be, island, off Mada
gascar, xvn. 596; xv. 1 68.
NOSKS, divisions of the Avesta, xxiv.
776.
NOSSA SENHORA DO DESTERRO, town,
Brazil, vn. 132.
NOSSI-BE, island, off Madagascar, xvn.
596; xv. 1 68.
Nossi-KoMBA, island, off Madagascar,
xvn. 596.
NOSTRADAMUS, French astrologer, xvn.
596-
NOTABILE, ancient town, Malta, xv.
340, 342-
NOTABLES, Assembly of, France, ix.
595-
NOTARY, or Notary Public, xvn. 596.
NOTATION, in algebra, i. 518 ; of
numbers, II. 525, 527.
, Chemical, v. 472.
— , of crystals, xvi. 352.
— , Musical, xvn. 80.
NOTCH, in hydraulics, xn. 471.
NOTERO, island, Norway, xvn. 576.
NOTES, Pitch of, in music, XVII. 102;
range of, in the voice, xxiv. 275.
NOTEUS, genus of Rotifera, xxi. 4.
NOTHOCERCUS, genus of birds, XXIII.
403-
NOTHOPROCTA, genus of birds, xxin.
403-
NOTHURA, genus of birds, XXIII. 403.
NOTICE, in law, xvn. 597.
NOTIDANUS, genus of sharks, xxi. 778.
NOTKER BALBULUS, monk and hymn-
writer, xvi i. 597; xn. 583.
NOTKER LABEO, monk and translator,
xvn. 597; x. 517.
NOTO, town, Sicily, xvii. 597.
NOTOCHORD, rudimentary spine, I. 830;
xxn. 109, no.
NOTOPTERIS, genus of bats, xv. 410.
N O T — N U M
317
NOTORNIS, genus of birds, xvi. 809.
NOTOTHERIUM, fossil marsupial mam
mal, XV. 383.
NOTRE DAME, Cathedral of, Paris,
xvni. 276; sculptures in, xxi. 562.
NOTREDAME (Nostradamus), Micliel de,
French astrologer, XVII. 596.
NOTRE DAME BAY, Newfoundland,
xvn. 382.
NOTRE DAME MOUNTAINS, Canada,
xx. 165.
NOTTINGHAM, county, England, xvn.
597; representation, xxm. 727.
, town, England, XVII. 599; Lucldite
riots in, xv. 57; newspapers of, xvn.
421.
, Earls of, xvn. 600.
NOTTS, or Nottingham, county, England,
xvn. 597; xxin. 727.
NOUKAHIVA, island, Marquesas, Pacific,
xv. 564.
NOUMEA, town, New Caledonia, xvn.
376.
NOUREDDIN (Nur ed-din, q.v.), atabek
or ruler of Syria, xxi. 636; VII. 752;
xxin. 161.
NOUVELLE HELOISE, Rousseau's novel,
xxi. 26.
NOUVELLES A LA MAIN, Paris news
paper, xvn. 425.
NOVA DWOR, town, Russian Poland,
XXiv. 375.
NOVA FOGCIA, town, Asia Minor, xvni.
798.
NOVALIS (F. von Hardenberg), German
writer, XI. 472; X. 542; hymns by,
\.r 1 J r- Q Q
xii. 500.
NOVANT/E, ancient British tribe, xvni.
411.
NOVARA, town, Italy, xvn. 600; battle
of (1849), v- 4255 XIIL 488-
NOVARIA (Xovara), ancient town, Italy,
xvn. 601.
NOVA ROMA, name for Constantinople,
xix. 491.
NOVA SCOTIA, province, Canada, xvn.
60 1 ; discover}' of, by Sebastian Cabot,
iv. 622.
NOVA SCOTIA, Baronets of, in. 389.
NOVATIANS, early Christian sect, XVII.
603.
NOVATIANUS, Roman presbyter, xvn.
603; his creed, vi. 559.
NOVATION, in law, xvn. 604.
NOVAYA LADOGA, town, Russia, xxi.
190.
NOVAYA USHITSA, town, Russia, xix.
254.
NOVA ZEMBLA, or Novaya Zemlya,
island, Arctic Ocean, xvn. 604.
NOVEL, Origin of the, xx. 636.
NOVELAS EXEMPLARES, of Cervantes,
v- 35fc
NOVELLO, Vincent, English musical
composer, XVI I. 606.
NOVELS, addenda to the Codex of Jus
tinian, xin. 794.
NOVEMBER, month, xvn. 606.
NOVERRE, Jean Georges, French musi
cian, XVII. 606; his pantomimes,
xvni. 216.
NOVESIUM (Neuss), ancient town,
Rhenish Prussia, xvn. 365.
NOVGOROD, early republic, Russia, xxi.
89; its relations with Pskoff, xx. 36.
, government, Russia, xvn. 606;
xxi. 69.
— , town, Russia, XVII. 607.
— , Nijni-, government and town,
Russia, xvn. 500, 501.
SEVERSKI, principality, Russia,
NovGOROD-SvEVERSK, town, Russia,
xxin. 96.
NOVGRAD VOLHYNSKIY, town, Russia,
xxiv. 282.
Novi, town, Italy, xvn. 608.
NOVIBAZAR, town, Bosnia, xvn. 608.
NOVIE DUBOSSARI, town, Russia, vn.
5°3-
NOVIKOFF, Nikolai Ivanovich, Russian
writer, XXI. 106.
Novi LIGURE, town, Italy, xvn. 608.
NOVIODUNUM (Nevers), ancient town,
France, xvn. 369.
N o VIOM AGUM (Nimeguen), ancient town,
Netherlands, xvn. 509.
NOVIOMAGUS (Lisieux), ancient town,
France, xiv. 693.
NoviSAD (Neusatz), town, Hungary,
xvn. 365.
NOVO-BAYAZET, town, Transcaucasia,
Russia, xvn. 608.
NOVO-DYEVITCHIY, convent, Moscow,
Russia, xvi. 859.
NOVOGEORGIEVSK, town, Kherson,
Russia, xvn. 608.
— , town, Russian Poland, XVII. 608;
xix. 227; xxiv. 376.
NOVOKHOPERSK, town, Russia, xxiv.
298.
Novo MINSK, town, Russian Poland,
xxiv. 375.
NOVOMOSKOVSK, town, Russia, xvn.
608.
NOVOROSSIA, district, Russia, XVII. 725.
NOVOSELITSY, Cossack settlement,
Russia, xvn. 609.
NOVOSIL, town, Russia, xxin. 605.
NOVOTCHERKASSK, town, Russia, xvn.
609.
Novo-UzEN, town, Russia, xxi. 243.
NOVOZYBKOFF, town, Russia, xxin. 96.
NOVUM ORGANUM, Bacon's treatise, in.
210.
NOWANUGGUR, state and town, India,
xvn. 301.
NOWGONG, district, India, xvn. 609
NOWSHERA, town, India, xvni. 684.
NOY, William, attorney -general of Eng
land, XVII. 609.
NOYADES, massacres at Nantes, France,
v. 139.
NOYES, John Humphrey, founder of
the Oneicla Community, U.S.A., VI.
21 1 ; xvn. 772.
NOYON, town, France, xvn. 609, 749.
NOZEMAN, Cornelius, Dutch naturalist,
on birds, xvni. 9.
NOZZE DE FIGARO, Mozart's opera,
XVII. II.
Nun, district, Nubia, xvn. 611.
NUBIA, country, North-East Africa, xvn.
610; I. 267.
NUBIAN GOAT, x. 709.
NUBIANS, race of people, Africa, I.
260.
NUBLE, province, Chili, V. 617.
NUCERIA ALFATERNA (Nocera In-
feriore), ancient town, Italy, XVII.
53°-
NUCHINS, Manchu tribe, XV. 467.
NUCIFRAGA, genus of birds, vi. 618;
xvn. 665.
NUCK, Antony, anatomist, I. Sir.
NUCULA, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 689.
NUDDEA, district, India, xvi I. 161.
NUECES, river, Texas, U.S.A., xxill.
203.
NUEVA ESPARTA, islands, Caribbean
Sea, Venezuela, xv. 537.
NUEVO-LEON, state, Mexico, xvi. 214.
NUFOR, Papuan language, xvni. 231.
NUG/E ANTIQU/E, Harington's wrork,
XL 479.
NUGAR, state, India, x. 597.
NUGEENAH (Nagina), town, India, xvn.
164.
NUGENT, Earl, Irish poet, xvn. 612.
NUISANCE, in law, xvn. 612; xxin.
454-
NUISANCES, Public, xx. 96; xvn. 613.
NUKHA, town, Russia, xvn. 613.
NUKKAPULLY, or Anakapalle, town,
India, xxiv. 267.
NULAGURH (Nalagarh), hill state,
India, XL 840.
NULLIFICATION, Calhoun's doctrine of,
United States, IV. 683; Webster's
speech on, xxiv. 472.
NUMAN PASHA, Turkish vizier, xxin.
646.
NUMANTIA, ancient town, Spain, xvn.
613; siege of, by the Romans (134- 133
B.C.), xxn. 306.
NUMA POMPILIUS, legendary king of
Rome, XVII. 613.
NUMBER, Conception and representation
of, n. 524; ancient ideas of, ill. 37;
Locke on, XI v. 759; Pythagorean
philosophy of, XX. 138; in Xeno-
crates's philosophy, XXIV. 718.
NIP, German goblin, XX. 552.
— OF QUANTITIES, in measurement,
xv. 660.
NUMBERS, Book of, xvni. 505.
— , Complex, xxiv. 70.
— , Partition of, xvn. 614.
— , Properties of, in algebra, I. 521.
— , Theory of, xvn. 614; tables relating
to, xxin. 15; Legendre's contributions
318
to, XIV. 414; H. J. S. Smith's, XXII.
172.
NUMENIUS, Neopythagorean philo
sopher, xvn. 624, 334.
, genus of birds, VI. 711.
NUMERALS, xvn. 624; n. 524; in
ancient MSS., xvm. 165; Mexican,
xvi. 212; Papuan, xvn. 389.
NUMERATION, in arithmetic, n. 527.
NUMERIANUS, M. Aurelius, Roman
emperor, xvn. 627.
NUMERICAL MAGNITUDES, xxi. 677.
NUMIDA, genus of birds, XI. 264.
NUMIDIA, ancient country, North Africa,
xvn. 627; under Jugurtha, Xlll. 766;
coins of, xvn. 652.
NUMISMATICS, xvn. 628; value of, in
archaeology, n. 343; Etruscan, vin.
641; of Miletus, xvi. 294; Sabsean,
xxiv. 741.
NUMMEDAL LAAGEN, river, Norway,
xvn. 575.
NUMMULINIDEA, order of Protozoa,
xix. 848.
NUMMULITES, Foraminifera, IX. 381.
NUN, NUNS, in convents, XVI. 699;
Franciscan, ix. 699.
, Cape, Morocco, XVI. 831.
• , Rio, mouth of Niger, Africa, xvn.
497-
NUNCIO, papal legate, I. 657; xiv. 413.
NUNEATON, town, England, xvn. 66 1.
NUNEZ, Pedro, Portuguese cosmo-
grapher and navigator, xvn. 662, 252.
CABEZA DE VACA, Alvaro, Spanish
explorer, xvi I. 662.
NUPHAR, genus of plants, xxiv. 402.
NUR ED-DIN, atabek or ruler of Syria,
xxi. 636; his invasion of Egypt, vn.
752; his relations with the Templars,
xxni. 161.
NUREMBERG, town, Bavaria, xvn. 662;
in time of Albrecht Diirer, vn. 554;
diet of (1522), xv. 77; its sculptures,
xxi. 564.
NURHAGS, sepulchres, in Sardinia, n.
384; xxi. 309.
NURNBERG, or Nuremberg (q.v.), XVII.
662.
NURPUR, town, India, xni. 841.
NURSE-HOUND, fish, vn. 332.
NURSERY CULTURE, of trees, n. 321.
NURSIA, Sabine town, Italy, xxi. 129.
NURSING, in hospitals, xn. 305.
NURSINGPOOR (Narsinhpur), district,
India, xvn. 234.
NUSA KELI, mountain, Ceram, Indian
Archipelago, v. 344.
NUSSEER KHAN, ruler of Baluchistan,
in. 300.
NUT, variety of fruit, xvn. 664; iv. 151.
NUTATION, Solar, n. 757, 794; effect of,
on tides, xxni. 361.
NUTCELL, English monk, xvi. 707.
NUTCRACKER, bird, xvn. 665; vi. 618;
its migrations, in. 770.
NUT GALL, x. 45.
N U M — 0 B A
NUTHATCH, bird, xvn. 665.
NUTMEG, spice, xvn. 666, 664.
NUTMEG-BIRD, XXIV. 463.
NUT OIL, xvn. 746.
NUT-PINE, tree, XIX. 105.
NUTRIA, or Coypu, xv. 420; skins of,
ix. 838.
NUTRIAS, town, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
NUTRITION, xvn. 667; vn. 201; of
nerves, xix. 26; of Protozoa, xix.
836; of plants, IV. 94; of Schizomy-
cetes, xxi. 406; organs of, in fishes,
xii. 654; organs of, in mammals, xv.
361.
NUTTALL, Thomas, American natural
ist, xvii. 687.
Nux VOMICA, drug, xvn. 687.
NUYSSEN, Abraham Janssens van,
Flemish painter, xni. 568.
NUYT'S LAND, Western Australia, xxiv.
509.
NYAGUR, state, India, xvii. 302.
NYANYAZ, Ural-Altaic people, Russia,
xxi. 251.
NYANZA, Albert, lake, Africa, xvii.
505; XIV. 217; marked on early
Italian map, X. 183; discovery of, I.
247, 255.
, Victoria, lake, Africa, xvn. 504;
xiv. 217; shown on early Italian map,
x. 183; discovery of, I. 247, 255.
NYASSA, Lake, Africa, I. 247; xxiv.
766; discovered by Livingstone, xiv.
721.
NYAZEPETROVSK, town, Russia, xvm.
550.
NVBERG, Julia, Swedish poetess, xxil.
757-
NYBORG, town, Denmark, xvn. 687.
NYCTALA, genus of birds, xvm. 90.
NYCTEA, genus of birds, xvm. 90.
NYCTERIBIID^, group of insects, vn.
255.
NYCTERID/E, family of bats, xv. 411.
NYCTICEBUS, genus of lemurs, xiv.
443-
NYCTICORAX, genus of birds, xi. 762.
NYCTINOMUS, genus of bats, xv. 413.
NYCTIPITHECUS, genus of apes, 11.
154.
NYCTISAURA, suborder of lizards, xiv.
734-
NYEGUSH, town, Montenegro, xvi.
781.
, Peter Petrovitch, Servian poet,
xvi. 781.
NYEZHIN, town, Russia, xvii. 496;
xxni. 96.
NYIREGVHAZA, town, Hungary, xvii.
688.
NYKOPING, town, Sweden, XVII. 688.
NYLAND, province, Finland, ix. 217.
NVLANDER, W., on lichens, xiv. 557.
NYLGHAU, antelope, xvii. 688; n. 102;
xv. 432.
NYMKGEN, or Nimegucn (q.v.), town,
Holland, XVII. 509.
NYMPH, in Greek mythology, xvn.
688.
NYMPH/EA, genus of plants, xxiv. 402.
NYMPH^UM, valley, near Smyrna, Asia
Minor, xxil. 186.
NYMPHON, genus of Arachnida, n.
277.
NYSLOTT, town, Finland, xxiv. 209.
S~\ the fifteenth letter of the alphabet,
^> xvn. 689.
O', in Irish names, v. 799.
OAHU, island, Hawaiian group, Pacific,
xi. 532.
OAJACA, town, Mexico, xvn. 689; xvi.
214; antiquities in, I. 695; state, XVI.
214.
OAK, tree, xvn. 689; culture of, II. 316;
in United States, xxni. 808; strength
of wood, xxil. 603; bark of, for tan
ning, xiv. 381.
APPLE, gall, x. 44.
OAKBOY INSURRECTION, Ireland, xin.
269.
OAKLAND, town, California, U.S.A.,
xvn. 694.
OAK-ORCHARD ACID SPRINGS, New
York State, U.S.A., xvi. 436.
OAKS, English horse-race, xii. 201.
OAK SPANGLES, galls, x. 44; xn. 574.
OAKUM, for use in shipbuilding, xvn.
694.
OAMARU, town, New Zealand, xvn.
694.
STONE, xvn.
OAR, for rowing, xxi. 30; ancient
Greek, XXL 807.
OARACTA (Kislim), island, Persian Gulf,
xiv. 102.
OAR-FISH, xvn. 694.
OASES, in deserts, xvn. 695; of Egypt,
vn. 784.
OAT, cereal, xvn. 696; i. 359.
GATES, Titus, plotter, xvn. 697.
OATH, xvii. 698; of allegiance, i. 581;
in courts-martial, VI. 518; legal, I. 226;
xxiv. 624; in Roman law, xx. 675;
ordeal by, XVII. 819; by Styx, xxil.
614; in relation to vows, XXIV. 301;
in relation to wager, xxiv. 305.
OATMEAL, its nutritive value, vn. 203;
xvn. 696.
OATS, grain, XVII. 696; cultivation of,
I- 359-
OAXACA, or Oajaca, town, Mexico, xvn.
689; xvi. 214; antiquities in, I. 695.
OB, river, Siberia, xxil. 5; xxni. 429;
proposed connexion of, with the
Yenisei, xxiv. 742; marshy region
formed by, XXIII. 438.
OBADIAH, Old Testament prophet, xvn.
702.
OBAIDA, Abu, Arabic commentator and
historian, xvi. 536; xxni. 3.
OBAID ALLAH, Moslem leader, xvi. 568,
587.
O B A — O D E
319
OBAN, town, Scotland, xvn. 703.
OBAY, editor of the Koran, xvi. 605.
OBBENITES, Dutch sect, xvi. 12.
OBDORSK MOUNTAINS, Russia, xxiv. 4.
OBEIDH, town, Kordofan, Africa, vm.
153-
OBEIDULLAH, Sheikh, Kurdish chief,
xiv. 1 60.
OBELISK, Egyptian monument, xvn.
703; I. 495; n. 390; vn. 768, 778.
OBERAMMERGAU, village, Bavaria, xvn.
703; passion play of, vn. 414.
OBER-BEUTHEN, town, Germany, in.
621.
OBERHAUSEN, town, Rhenish Prussia,
xvn. 704.
OBER-HOHENBERG, mountain, Wurtem-
berg, XXIV. 699.
OBERINGELHEI.M, town, Germany, xin.
73-
OBERLIN, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xvn. 704.
— , Jean Frederic, Alsatian philan
thropist, xvn. 704; as educationist,
xiv. 79.
-, Jeivmie Jacques, French archaeo
logist, xvn. 704.
OBER-NEUXKIRCHEN, town, Prussia,
xvn. 363.
OBERON, king of the fairies, xvn. 704.
, Weber's opera, XX I v. 469.
, Wieland's poem, XXIV. 559.
OBERSTEIN, town, Germany, xvn. 757.
OBESITY, or Corpulence, VI. 435 ; diet
for, vii. 204; as a disease, xvni. 389.
OBI, or Ob (q.v.), river, Siberia, XXII. 5.
OBIZZO I. and II., princes of Este, vin.
558.
OBJECT-GLASS, in the microscope, xvi.
258; achromatic, xvn. 804; xxin.
139, 145-
OBJECTIVE, object-glass of microscope,
XVI. 261.
OBLATION, Sacrificial, xxi. 132.
OBLIGATION, in law, xvn. 704; xiv.
361 ; in Roman law, XX. 675, 677,
692, 699.
OBOE, musical instrument, xvn. 705.
OBOL, ancient Greek coin, xvn. 632.
OBRADOVICH, Dositei, Servian writer,
xxi. 691.
OBRENOVICH, Milosh, prince of Servia,
xxi. 689.
O'BRIEN, Irish giant, his skeleton, xn.
388.
, William Smith, Irish politician,
xvn. 708.
O'BRYAN, Mr, Methodist preacher, xvi.
192.
OBSERVANTS, or Franciscans of the
Strict Observance, monastic order, IX.
698; xvi. 711, 716.
OBSERVATIONS, in navigation, xvn. 268.
OBSERVATORY, xvn. 708 (index, 717);
Greenwich, institution of, n. 756;
Paris, institution of, n. 755.
OBSIDIAN, a volcanic glass, xvn. 717;
structure of, X. 230, 234.
OBSOLESCENCE, Diseases of, xvni. 383.
OBSTETRICS, branch of medicine, xv.
797-
OBSTRUCTION, in law, xxin. 500.
OBWALD, district, Switzerland, xxn.
781; xxin. 858.
OCA, vegetable, xn. 285.
OCAMO, river, South America, XVII.
343.
OCCAM, William of, English schoolman,
xvn. 717; xv. 81; xxi. 430; Biel on,
in. 666.
OCCASIONALISM, philosophical theory,
x. 556.
OCEAN, in physical geography, X. 211,
221, 282; atmospheric pressure on,
in. 29; xvi. 121 ; depths of, in. 17;
xn. 821; xvni. 120; deep-sea fishes,
xn. 684 ; appliances for sounding,
xxn. 280; stability of, in tides, xxin.
361; temperature, VI. 4; xvi. 116;
temperature of air over, xvi. 117;
deep-sea thermometers, xxin. 291 ;
tides of, xxin. 353; water of, xxi.
611; xxiv. 398; waves of, xxiv. 419.
OCEANA, Harrington's work, XI. 492.
OCEANIA, or Polynesia, xix. 418.
OCEANITID^E, family of birds, xvni.
712.
OCELOT, carnivorous mammal, xvn.
719; xv. 435.
OCHETODON, genus of rodent mammals,
xvn. 6.
OCHILS, mountains, Scotland, xvni. 666.
OCHINO, Bernardino, Italian Reformer,
xvn. 719; vicar-general of Capuchins,
v. 80; his relations with L. Socinus,
xxn. 229; with Yaldes, xxiv. 32.
OCHRAN, mineral, xvi. 425.
OCHRE, pigment, xix. 87.
OCHROITE EARTH, xiv. 291.
OCHUS, Artaxerxes III., king of Persia,
n. 640; vn. 744; xvni. 580.
, Darius II., king of Persia, VI. 826;
xvni. 575.
-, river, Central Asia, xvni. 104.
OCKALS, class of Druses, VII. 484, 485.
OCKENFUSS, Lorenz, German naturalist,
xvii. 749.
OCKENHEIM, Johannes, Flemish musi
cian, xvn. 83; xvni. 180.
OCKLEY, Simon, English Orientalist,
xvn. 720.
O'CLERY, Michael, Irish chronicler, v.
307; vn. 363.
OCMULGEE, river, Georgia, U.S.A., x.
434-
OCOEE ROCKS, Tennessee, U.S.A., xxin.
176.
OCONEE, river, Georgia, U.S.A., x. 434.
O'CONNELL, Daniel, Irish politician,
xvn. 720; xin. 271; Peel's duel with,
xvni. 453; his encounters in debate
with Lord Stanley, vn. no.
O'CONNOR, Feargus Edward, Chartist
leader, xvn. 722; v. 434.
— , Roderick, Irish king, xm. 259.
OCOTAL, town, Nicaragua, xvn. 477.
OCTACNEMIDJE, family of Timicata,
xxin. 616.
OCTAHEDRON, in geometry, x. 388;
crystals, xvi. 348, 351.
OCTANT, or Quadrant, Hadley's, xvn.
258.
OCTAVE, musical interval, I. 108; xvn.
78, 102.
OCTAVIA, sister of the emperor Augustus,
xvn. 722.
-, wife of the emperor Xero, xvn.
722, 348.
OCTAVIAN, or Octavianus (Augustus,
q.v.), Roman emperor, in. 79 ; xx.
768.
— (Pope John XII), xin. 711.
OCTAVIANS, The, of Scottish history,
xxi. 509.
OCTAVIANUS (Victor IV., antipope),
xxiv. 213.
OCTAVIEN, romance, XX. 653.
OCTAVIUS, Minucius Felix's dialogue,
xvi. 492.
, Caius (Augustus, q.v.\ Roman
emperor, III. 79.
OCTOBER, month, xvn. 722.
HORSE, Roman sacrifice, XV. 570.
OCTOCORALLA, group of Actinozoa, I.
130.
OCTODONTID/E, family of rodent mam
mals, xv. 420.
OCTOPODA, suborder of Mollusca, XV I.
670.
OCTOPUS, genus of Mollusca, vi. 739;
xvi. 670.
OCTOROON, white and Negro half-breed,
xvn. 320.
OCTROI, tax, France, IX. 523.
OCYDROME, bird, XVII. 722.
OD/ENATHUS, or Odenathus, prince of
Palmyra, xvn. 724; xvni. 200; xx.
776.
ODAL, early Teutonic land tenure, ix.
1 20.
ODALISKS, female slaves in harem, XL
478.
ODCOMBIAN BANQUET, by Coryatt, vi.
444-
ODDFELLOWS, societies, xvn. 723; ix.
782.
ODD GOTTSKALKSSON, Icelandic trans
lator of the New Testament, xn. 626.
ODE, xix. 270; in Greek hymnody, xn.
580.
ODEIUM, or Odeum, building, Athens,
in. 5; xvni. 530.
ODEL, Anders, Swedish poet, xxn.
756.
ODENATHUS, prince of Palmyra, xvn.
724; xvni. 200; xx. 776.
ODENSE, town, Denmark, XVII. 724.
ODE ONDO, town, West Africa, xxiv.
754-
ODER, river, Germany and Austria,
xvn. 724; in. 116,294; x. 449; xxn.
52> 543-
320
0 D E— 0 H M
ODES, of Horace, xn. 161; of Pindar,
xix. 99.
ODESCALCHI, Benedetto (Pope Innocent
XL), xni. 85.
ODESSA, town, Russia, xvn. 724; xxi.
70; observatory at, xvn. 714; univer
sity, xxm. 852.
ODE TO A NIGHTINGALE, Keats's poem,
XIV. 22.
ODE TO THE CUCKOO, its authorship,
iv. 393-
ODEU.M, building, ancient Athens, m.
5; xvni. 530.
ODIC FORCE, animal magnetism, xv.
277.
ODIN, Scandinavian divinity, II. 680; x.
474; xvii. 156.
ODINGTON, Walter, on musical measure,
xvn. Si.
ODO, bishop of Bayeux and earl of
Kent, vin. 291.
, archbishop of Canterbury, vn.
692; VI. 30.
, Cardinal (Pope Urban II.), XXIV.
8.
DE CERINTON, early English
fabulist, Vlll. 838.
DE ST AMAND, grand-master of
Knights Templars, xxm. 161.
ODOACER, barbarian king of Italy,
xvii. 726; XX. 781; his ordinances
regarding the church, xix. 492 ;
defeat of, by Theodoric, xni. 467;
xxm. 256; at Ravenna, xx. 297.
ODOEFF, town, Russia, xxm. 605.
O'DOGHERTY, Sir Cahir, Irish chieftain,
Donegal, VII. 363.
ODON (Eudes or Eudon), duke of
Aquitania, II. 233; IX. 531.
ODONATA, group of insects, vn. 385;
XIII. 152.
O'DONNELL, Henry Joseph, count of La
Bisbal, Spanish general, XVII. 727.
, Hugh (Red Hugh), Irish chieftain,
VII. 362.
, Hugh Baldearg, Irish chieftain,
xin. 268.
, Karl, Austrian general, xvn. 727.
, Leopold, duke of Tetuan, Spanish
statesman, xvn. 727; xxn. 346.
O'DoNNELLS, Irish sept, xm. 250.
O'DoNOju, Juan, Spanish governor,
Mexico, xvi. 219.
ODONTOCETI, suborder of Cetacean
mammals, xv. 395; xxiv. 525.
ODONTOLOGY, or Dentistry, vn. 595;
xv. 797.
ODONTOPHORE, organ of molluscs, xvi.
640.
ODONTOPTERYX, fossil bird, in. 729.
ODOPHONE, perfume measurer, xvni.
526.
ODORIC, Franciscan monk and Eastern
traveller, xvn. 728; x. 178; xv. 473;
in China, xvi. 743; in Tibet, Xiv.
502.
ODOUR, of minerals, xvi. 379.
ODOUR-SECRETING GLANDS, of mam
mals, xv. 348.
ODOVACAR, or Odoacer ('7.r.), barbarian
king of Italy, XVII. 726.
ODRYS^E, Thracian tribe, xxm. 318.
ODYLIC FORCE, animal magnetism, xv.
277.
ODYNERUS, genus of wasps, xxiv. 392.
ODYSSEUS, Greek hero (the Latin
Ulysses), xvn. 729.
ODYSSEY, Homeric poem, xi. 137; xn.
119.
CECODOMA, genus of ants, n. 98.
CECOLAMPADIUS, John, German Re
former and theologian, xvn. 729; XX.
332; on church order, XIX. 676.
CECOPHARA WOODIELLA, rare insect,
xv. 459.
(ECUMENICAL COUNCILS, VI. 510;
Basel, in. 409; Constance, vi. 297;
Trent, xxm. 543; Vatican, XXIV. no;
xvn. 754.
CECUMENICAL METHODIST CONFER
ENCE (1881), xvi. 193.
CEDEMIA, genus of birds, XXI. 470.
OEDENBURG, town, Hungary, xvn.
730.
CEoiCNEMUS, genus of birds, VI. 712.
CEoiPE, Voltaire's play, xxiv. 286.
CEDIPUS, Greek hero, xvn. 730.
, pseudo-classical romance, xx. 640.
COLONEUS, Sophoch
drama,
xxn. 272.
— TYRANNUS, Sophocles's drama,
xxn. 273.
OEHLENSCHLAGER, Adam Gottlob,
Danish poet, xvn. 730; vn. 92, 444.
OELAND, island, Sweden, xvn. 752;
xxn. 737.
OELS, town, Prussia, xvn. 731.
OELSCHLAGER, Adam (Olearius), Ger
man traveller, xvi I. 760.
OENACH, early Irish fail-, xin. 258.
CENANTHIC ACID, XVII. 731; XXIV.
602.
CENANTHIC ETHER, xvn. 731.
CENIPONTUM (Innsbruck), ancient town,
Tyrol, Austria, xni. 86.
CENOCHOE, Greek vessel, xix. 614.
CENOE, mother of Pan, xvni. 208.
CENOMAUS, mythic king of Olympia,
xvii. 731; xvni. 480.
CENONE, of Greek legend, xvni. 295.
CENOTRIA, ancient province, Italy, xv.
37; (Enotrians, Xin. 443.
CENUSS^, islands, Greece, xvi. 52.
OERLAAMS, South-African race, xn. 309.
OERSTED, Hans Christian, Danish scien
tist, vn. 91; his electrical discoveries,
VIII. 10.
CERSTEDITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
OERTEL, Abraham, Flemish geographer,
xvni. 52.
OESEL, island, Baltic Sea, Russia, xvn.
732-
OESER, Adam Frederick, Goethe's art-
teacher, x. 723.
(ESOPHAGUS, Anatomy of the, vn. 223;
diseases of, xxm. 321.
OESTERREICH, or Austria (q.v.), in.
123.
OFANTO, river, Italy, xin. 440.
OFEN, or Buda, town, Hungary, IV. 423;
university of, xxm. 840, 852; mineral
water of, xvi. 436. See also Buda
pest.
OFFA, British king, vin. 282 ; xvn.
570.
OFFA'S DYKE, Shropshire, England,
xxi. 648.
OFFENBACH, town, Germany, xvn. 732.
— , Jacques, musical composer, xvn.
732, 99-
OFFENCES, Criminal, vi. 587; in Roman
law, xx. 675.
OFFERINGS, Sacrificial, xxi. 132.
OFFICERS, Ranks of, in British army,
n. 575; in navy, xvn. 291.
OF STATE, English, xxn. 458.
OFFLETS, in canals, iv. 785.
OGAM, ancient Irish inscriptions, v.
306.
OGARIEFF, Russian poet, xxi. 109.
OGBOMOSHO, town, West Africa, xxiv.
754-
OGDAI KHAN, Mongol ruler, xvi. 740;
his conquests in China, v. 647.
OGDEN, town, LTtah, U.S.A., xvn. 732.
-, Colonel Josiah, of Newark, New
Jersey, U.S.A., xvii. 371.
OGDENSBURG, town, New York, U.S.A.,
xvn. 733.
OGE, Vincent, Haytian emancipationist,
xxn. 140.
OGEE, in architecture, n. 468.
OGHOTAI KHAN, Mongol ruler, xvi.
740.
OGIER THE DANE, romance, xx. 652.
OCLETHORPE, James Edward, British
general, XVII. 733; colonies founded
by, in United States, x. 437.
OGLIO, river, Italy, xin. 436.
OCMA, Celtic deity, V. 300.
OGOWAY, or Ogowe, river, West Africa,
xvn. 733; I. 254.
OGOWAY-GABOON, region, Africa, Lan
guages of, xxiv. 828.
OGUN, river, West Africa, xxiv. 754.
OGURS, or Uigurs, Ural-Altaic people,
xxn. ii ; xxni. 659; xxiv. i.
O'GYALLA, Hungary, Observatory at,
XVII. 713.
OGYGES, in Greek legend, xvn. 733.
O'HlGGINS, province, Chili, xxi. 298.
OHIO, river, U.S.A., xvi. 518.
— , State, U.S.A., xvn. 734; wine in
dustry of, xxiv. 611.
COLONIZATION COMPANY, xxni.
734-
OHM, Georg Simon, German physicist,
xvn. 738 ; his law of electromotive
force and resistance, vin. 12, 40; his
law in regard to vibratory sounds,
XVII. 105.
O H M — O L I
321
OHM, electrical unit of measurement,
vin. 44, 104; xxiii. 116.
OHOD, Arabia, Battle of (625), xvi.
556.
OHTHERE, or Other, King Alfred's
account of his voyages, I. 507; XIX.
316.
O'HURLEY, Irish archbishop, xm. 265.
OlDIUM, vine fungus, XXIV. 240, 605.
OI-GAWA, river, Japan, xm. 572.
OlGNON, river, France, Xlll. 782.
OIKOPLEURA, genus of Tunicata, xxiii.
614.
OIKUL, lake, Central Asia, xvm. 104.
OIL, OILS, xvii. 739; in plants, IV. 88;
adulteration of, I. 171 ; for clocks,
VI- 33! gas from, x. 100; for lamps,
xiv. 244; for lighthouses, XIV. 626;
lubricant, xv. 34 ; painter's, xvm.
138; cocoa-nut, VI. 103; cod-liver,
VI. 104; colza, VI. 176; croton, vi.
615; of lavender, XIV. 352; of lemons,
XIV. 438; linseed, xiv. 677; olive,
XVII. 763; paraffin, xvm. 237; of
peppermint, xvni. 517; petroleum,
xvm. 712; poppy, xix. 513; rape,
xx. 273; sesame, xxi. 693; tar, xxiii.
58; of turpentine, xxiii. 669; whale,
xxiv. 529; Sicilian, xvm. 713.
BIRD, xi. 227.
— CAKE, xvn. 739; xiv. 677.
— CITY, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., xvn.
739-
— COLOURS, xix. 86.
— CREEK VALLEY, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xvm. 713.
SPRINGS, x. 271.
OILSTONE, or Hone, xn. 134.
OIL VARNISHES, xxiv. 91.
OIL-YIELDING PLANTS, i. 383.
OIREAMHAIN, ancient district, Ireland,
xv. 669.
OIRON POTTERY, xix. 629.
OlSE, department, France, XVII. 749;
river, xxi. 624.
OISIANIC TALES, Celtic, v. 311. See
Ossian.
OJEDA, Alonzo de, Spanish explorer, x.
182.
OJIBWAYS, American-Indian tribe, XII.
831-
Ojo CALIENTE, mineral springs, New
Mexico, U.S.A., xvn. 400.
OKA, river, Russia, xxi. 115; xxiv.
279.
OKAD, festival, Arabia, n. 256, 263.
OK AW A, river, Japan, xxiii. 432.
OKEN, Lorenz, German naturalist, xvii.
749; his contributions to morphology,
xvi. 839.
OKENITE, mineral, xvi. 421.
OKHOTSK, town, Eastern Siberia, xv.
548.
— , Sea of, Pacific, xvm. 116.
OKI, islands, Japan, xm. 569.
OKINAKANE, river, Washington
Territory, U.S.A., xxiv. 386.
OKINAWA, island, Lew-Chew group,
Pacific, xiv. 490.
OKRA, or Gumbo, plant, XL 276.
OLAF, St, Norwegian king, xvn. 586.
, Swedish king, XXII. 744.
- KYRRE, Norwegian king, xvn.
587-
TRYGGVASON, Norwegian king,
xvii. 586.
OLAFSSON, Eggert, Icelandic patriot and
poet, xii. 623; xxi. 369.
OLAMBO, river, West Africa, x. 3.
OLANCHO, department, Honduras, xn.
132.
OLAND, island, Sweden, xvn. 752; xxn.
737-
OLAUS MAGNUS (or MAGNI), Swedish
ecclesiastic, xvn. 752.
OLBERS, Heinrich W. Matthias, German
astronomer, XVII. 752; his comet, vi.
193; on the orbit of comets, vi. 182;
his observatory at Bremen, xvn. 712.
OLBIA, Greek colony, Scythia, xvn.
753, 504.
, town, Asia Minor, xvni. 207.
OLBIOPOLIS (Olbia), Greek colony,
Scythia, xvn. 753, 504.
OLCINIUM (Dulcigno), ancient town,
Albania, vii. 520.
OLD AGE, Period of, xv. 778.
OLDBURY, town, England, xvn. 753.
OLD CASTILE, province, Spain, xxn.
298.
OLDCASTLE, Sir John, Lollard martyr,
xvii. 753; xi. 660; xiv. 812.
OLD CATHOLICS, xvn. 754; vin. 492;
xxiv. 113.
OLD CURIOSITY SHOP, Dickens's novel,
vii. 176.
OLDENBURG, grand-duchy, Germany,
xvn. 756; town, xvn. 758.
— , Henry, man of science, XXII. 401;
as secretary of Royal Society, xvn.
439-
OLDFIELD, Mrs, English actress, ix. 40.
OLDHAM, town, England, xvii. 758;
co-operative societies of, vi. 218.
-, John, English satirist, xvii. 759.
OLDHAVEN BEDS, in geology, x. 361.
OLDISLEBEN, district, Germany, xxi.
349-
OLD MAN OF THE MOUNTAINS, chief
of the Ismaelites, II. 723; xxni. 161.
OLD NICK, origin of the designation,
xvii. 483.
OLD RED SANDSTONE, in geology, x.
342-
OLD RED SANDSTONE, Hugh Miller's
work, xvi. 319.
OLD SARUM, town, England, xxi. 218.
OLD SIDE, Presbyterian denomination,
United States, xix. 698.
OLD TESTAMENT, in. 634; canon of, v.
i ; Septuagint version of, xxi. 667.
See Bible.
OLD WINDSOR, town, England, xxiv.
600.
OLDYS, William, English bibliographer,
xvn. 759.
OLEA, genus of plants, xvn. 761.
OLEANDER, plant, xvn. 759.
OLEARIUS, Adam, German traveller,
xvii. 760.
OLEASTER, plant, xvn. 761.
OLEFINES, class of hydrocarbons,
xvni. 237.
OLEG, early Russian chief, xxi. 87.
OLEIN, fatty substance, xxni. 35; xxn.
202.
OLEKMA, river, Siberia, xxn. 5; xxiv.
726.
OLENEK, river, Siberia, xxn. 5; xxiv.
726.
OLEOGRAPHY, chromo-lithography, xiv.
700.
OLEO-MARGARINE, imitation butter,
xvii. 760.
OLERON, island, France, xvn. 760
— , Sea laws of, xxi. 583.
OLETTE, spa, France, xx. 128.
OLFACTORY ORGANS, i. 885; xxn.
165.
OLGA, early Russian princess, xvn.
761; xxi. 88.
— STRAIT, Spitzbergen, xxn. 408.
OLGOPOL, town, Russia, xix. 254.
O LIAR AS (Aiitiparos), island, Greece,
"• 133-
OLIBANUM, or Frankincense, IX. 709;
xn. 718.
OLIGARCHY, form of government, xi.
1 1 ; in Rome and in Venice, xvn. 527.
OLIGOCH^ETA, order of worms, n. 68;
xxiv. 677.
OLIGOCLASE, mineral, xvi. 420.
OLIGODONTID^:, family of snakes, xxn.
192.
OLIGOSPOREA, order of Protozoa, xix.
855.
OLINDA, town, Brazil, xvni. 552.
OLIPHANT, Caroline, Baroness Nairne,
xvn. 167.
OLISIPO (Lisbon), ancient town, Portu
gal, xiv. 693.
OLIVA, Fernan Perez de, Spanish writer,
xvii. 761.
OLIVARES, Gasparo de Guzman, duke of,
Spanish statesman, xvn. 761; xvni.
746; xxn. 331.
OLIVE, plant, xvn. 761 ; in Attica, in.
59-
OLIVENITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
OLIVE NUT, xvn. 664.
OLIVE OIL, xvn. 744.
OLIVER, of the Roland legends, xx. 626,
651.
— , Isaac, English painter, xxi. 441,
444.
OLIVEROS Y ARTOS, romance, xx. 659.
OLIVERS, Thomas, Welsh hymn- writer,
xn. 594.
OLIVER TWIST, Dickens's novel, vn. 1 76.
OLIVES, or Olivet, Mount of, Jerusalem,
xvn. 763; xin. 636.
XXV. — 41
O L I — 0 P A
OLIVETANS, monastic order, xvn. 764;
xvi. 711.
OLIVINE, mineral, x. 228; xv. 217; xvi.
410; xvni. 534.
OLKHON, island, Lake Baikal, Siberia,
in. 241.
OLKIN (Dulcigno), town, Turkey, vn.
520.
OLLAMH, Celtic dignitary, v. 303.
OLLIVIER, Abbe, his history of Pope
Alexander VI., I. 490.
OLLULANUS, genus of nematode worms,
xvn. 325.
OLMSTED, Denison, American scientist,
xvii. 764.
OLMUTZ, town, Austria, xvii. 764; xvi.
811.; observatory at, XVII. 713; uni
versity, XXIII. 851.
OLNEY HYMNS, xn. 594; xvii. 449.
OLONETZ, government, Russia, xvii.
764; xxi. 69.
OLORON-SAINTE-MARIE, town, France,
xvn. 765; xx. 127.
OLOSENGA, atoll, Polynesia, xix. 420.
OLTA, river, Roumania, XXL 14.
OLTEN, town, Switzerland, xxn. 250.
OLTY,town, Transcaucasia, Russia, xxm.
515-
OLYBRIUS, Roman emperor, xvii. 765.
OLYMPIA, ancient town, Greece, xvn.
765.
, town, Washington Territory,
U.S.A., xxiv. 387.
OLYMPIACUS, Lysias's oration, xv.
119.
OLYMPIADS, in chronology, v. 711.
OLYMPIAS, mother of Alexander the
Great, xvn. 770; xv. 142.
OLYMPIC (or OLYMPIAN) GAMES, v. 71 1 ;
VIII. 140; X. 63; XL 94; XVII. 766.
OLYMPIUM, temple of Zeus, at Athens,
III. 2.
OLYMPUS, habitation of the gods, xvii.
770.
, mountain, Arcadia, Greece, XVII.
770.
, mountain, Thessaly, Greece, XVII.
770; XL Si; xxm. 298.
— , mountains, Mysia, Asia Minor,
XVII. 122; II. 706; in. 792.
— , town, Lycia,Asia Minor, XVII. 770;
xv. 93.
-, Phrygian musician, XVII. 770.
OLYNTHIACS, Demosthenes's orations,
vii. 70.
OLYNTHUS, town, ancient Greece, xvn.
771; XV. 137; taken by Philip of
Macedon, xv. 139.
— , Haeckel's ideal sponge, xxn. 413.
OMAGH, town, Ireland, xxm. 713.
OMAHA, town, Nebraska, U.S.A., XVII.
771.
OMAHAS, American-Indian tribe, XII.
832; totems of, xxm. 468.
O'MAHONY, John, Fenian leader, XIII.
271.
OMAN, kingdom, Arabia, II. 238, 261.
OMAR I., caliph, xvi. 550, 563; at
Jerusalem, VI. 622.
- II., caliph, xvi. 574.
KHAYYAM, Persian poet and
mathematician, XVII. 771.
OMAYYADS, Moslem dynasty, xvi. 565;
II. 258; in Spain, xxn. 310; coins of,
xvn. 660.
OMBO, district, Tibet, xxm. 341.
OMBOS, Temple of, Egypt, vn. 783.
OMBRES CHINOIS, puppet-show shad
ows, xv. 547.
OMENS, vn. 293; xv. 201; of augurs,
in. 72; totemistic, xxm. 469.
OMETEPEC, volcano, Nicaragua, xvn.
477-
OMICHUND, Bengali political agent, vi.
10.
OMMIADES. See Omayyads.
OMM SHOMAR, mountain, Sinai, Arabia,
xxn. 88.
OMNIBUS, coach, v. 136.
BILL (1850), in United States poli
tics, v. 8 1 8.
OMNIMETER, Eckhold's, theodolite,
xxn. 719.
OMOA, town, Honduras, xn. 130.
OMPHALE (Cybele), Lydian goddess, xv.
99-
OMRA, ceremony at Mecca, xv. 674.
OMRI, king of Israel, xin. 406.
OMSK, town, Siberia, xvn. 772.
ON, ancient town, Egypt, vn. 769.
ONAGER, wild ass, i. 259; xn. 175.
ONAS, tribe, Tierra del Fuego, xxm.
384-
ONCA, Altar of, at Thebes, Greece, xxm.
230.
ONCHESTOS, Amphictyony of, Greece,
i- 773-
ONCO"RHYNCHUS, genus of fishes, xxi.
224.
ONCOSIN, mineral, xvi. 425.
ONDO, state, West Africa, xxiv. 754.
ONEGA, lake, Russia, xvn. 772, 764;
river, XVII. 772; XXI. 73; town, XVII.
772.
ONEGLIA, town, Italy, xix. 532.
ONEIDA, Lake, New York, U.S.A., xvn.
451.
— CANAL, North America, xxi. i So.
COMMUNITY, American commun
istic society, xvn. 772; vi. 212.
O'NEILL, Hugh, Irish chief, xin. 265.
— , Owen Roe, Irish leader, Xlll. 267.
— , Shane, Rebellion of, in Ireland,
XIII. 264.
O'NEILLS, Irish sept, xm. 250.
ONEIROMANCY, divination by dreams,
vii. 293; xv. 206.
ONEIZA, town, Arabia, xvn. 773.
ONEKOTAN, island, Kuriles, Asia, xiv.
1 60.
ONESIMUS, of Scripture, xvni. 741.
ONGOLE, town, India, xvn. 321.
ONGTONG JAVA, islands, South Pacific,
xxn. 252.
ONIAS I.-IIL, Jewish high priests, xin.
420.
ONIN, peninsula, New Guinea, xvn.
386.
ONION, vegetable, xn. 285.
ONITSHA, town, West Africa, xvn. 498.
ONKELOS, Targum of, xxm. 63.
ONOBRYCHIS, genus of plants, xxi. 155.
ONOCROTALUS, genus of birds, xvin.
474-
ONOLZBACH (Ansbach), town, Bavaria,
n. 91.
ONOMACRITUS, Greek seer and poet,
xvii. 774.
ONOMASTICON, Pollux's work, xix.
403-
ONOMASTUS, winner of Olympian prize,
xxn. 185.
ONOMATOPCEIA, in philology, xvni.
768.
ONONDAGA, Lake, New York, U.S.A.,
xxn. 818.
ONOPORDON, genus of plants, xxm.
307-
ONTARIO, Lake, North America, xvn.
451: xxi. i So, 182.
, province, Dominion of Canada,
xvii. 774.
MINE, Utah, U.S.A., xxm. 815.
ONTENIENTE, town, Spain, xvii. 776.
ONTOLOGY, in philosophy, xvi. 79;
xvni. 795; in relation to ethics, vin.
574; to psychology, xx. 37; Ferrier
on, IX. no; Herbart on, XL 718;
Xenocrates's system of, xxiv. 718.
ONUBA (Huelva), Roman town, Spain,
XII. 334.
ONURIS, Egyptian divinity, vn. 718.
ONYCHA, incense, xn. 718.
ONYCHOPHORA, order of Annelida, n.
69.
ONYCHOTEUTHIS, genus of Mollusca,
xvi. 671.
ONYX, precious stone, xvn. 776; I. 277;
xxi. 310.
OODEYPORE (Udaipur), state and town,
India, xxm. 716; v. 768; xx. 260.
OOGENESIS, in embryology, xx. 414.
OOJEIN, town, India, xxm. 719.
OOKIEP, town, Namaqualand, South
Africa, xvn. 168.
OOLITE, mineral, xvi. 397.
- ROCKS, in geology, x. 355.
OOLOGY, in ornithology, in. 772; Des
Murs on, XViil. 32.
OOMARKOTE (Umarkot), town, India,
XXIII. 221.
OOPHORE, in plants, xx. 430.
OOPHORECTOMY, in surgery, XXII. 691.
OORUN(Uran), town, India, xxm. 221.
OOSPORE^G, class of plants, ill. 693.
OOTACAMUND (Utakamand), town,
India, xvn. 509.
OOZE DEPOSITS, of Norwegian Sea,
xvii. 593 ; of Pacific Ocean, xvni.
123.
OPAH, fish, xvn. 777.
0 P A — 0 R C
323
OPAL, precious stone, xvn. 777; xvi.
390.
OPALINSKI, Christopher, Polish satirist,
xix. 302.
OPATOW, town, Poland, xx. 218.
OPENER, in cotton manufacture, vi.
491.
OPENSHAW, town, England, xvn. 777.
OPERA, in music, its origin, xvn. 86, 87,
94; English, vil. 437; Italian, xxiv.
3i5-
BUFFA (or BOUFFE), xvn. 99;
xxi. 25; Offenbach's, xvn. 732.
OPERA COMIQUE, xvn. 98.
OPERA HOUSE, at Paris, xvm. 277;
xxin. 225.
OPERETTE MORALI, Leopardi's work,
xiv. 464.
OPHEL, hill, Jerusalem, xni. 638.
OPHICALCITE, marble, xv. 529; xxi.
683.
OPHICLEIDE, musical instrument, xvn.
778.
OPHIDIA, order of reptiles, xxn. 189;
classification of, xx. 439, 445; para
sites of, xvin. 260; of America. I.
684.
OPHIOLITE, stone, xxi. 683.
OPHIOPHAGUS, genus of snakes, xxn.
196.
OPHIR, of Scripture, xvn. 780.
OPHITE, stone, xxi. 682.
OPHIURIDEA, order of Echinodermata,
vn. 634.
OPHTHALMIA, eye disease, xvn. 780; in
Egypt, vn. 704.
OPHTHALMOLOGY, xvn. 780; as branch
of medicine, xv. 797.
OPHTHALMOMETER, scientific instru
ment, vin. 820.
OPHTHALMOSCOPE, instrument for ex
amining the eye, xvn. 786.
OPICANS, or Oscans, ancient Italian
people, xvin. 54; xni. 445.
OPIE, Amelia, English writer, XVII. 787.
, John, English painter, XVII. 787;
his friendship with Walcot, xxiv.
628.
OPISOMETER, for .measuring distances
on a map, xxn. 721.
OPISTHOBRANCHIA, order of Mollusca,
xvi. 655.
OPISTHOCOMUS, genus of birds, xn. 28.
OPISTHOGRAPHS, of the Catacombs, v.
209.
OPITZ, Martin, German dramatist, vn.
440; x. 530.
OPIUM, drug, XVII. 787, 231 ; as a poison,
xix. 278; eating and smoking of, xvn.
793) 7945 smoking, in China, v. 671;
cultivation of, in India, in. 508, 568;
xn. 749; xvin. 409; cultivation, in
Persia, xvin. 625; opposition of the
Chinese to trade in, v. 651.
OPOCZNO, town, Poland, XX. 218.
OPODELDOC, liniment, xvn. 795.
OPORTO, town, Portugal, xvn. 795;
library of, Xiv. 532; wine trade,
xxiv. 609.
OPOSSUM, marsupial mammal, xvn.
796; xv. 380, 382; xvin. 728; skins
of, IX. 838.
SHRIMP, crustacean, vi. 658.
OPOTCHKA, town, Russia, xx. 36.
OPPEL, N. M., on the classification of
reptiles, xx. 435.
OPPELN, town, Prussia, xvn. 797; dis
trict, xxn. 52.
OPPENHEIM, town, Germany, xvn. 797.
OPPENHEIMER, Siiss, Wiirtemberg
minister, xxiv. 702.
OPPIAN, Greek poet, xvn. 797; xn.
393-
LAW, Roman, xxn. 644.
OPPIDOLO, town, Italy, xvin. 214.
OPPIDUM UBIORUM (Cologne), ancient
town, Germany, vi. 152.
OPPIUS, Cains, friend of Julius Caesar,
xvn. 797.
OPPOLZER'S OBSERVATORY, Vienna,
xvn. 713.
OPPOSITES, Pythagorean theory of, xx.
138-
OPS, Italian goddess, xxi. 321.
OPTICAL ERRORS, xxiv. 435.
OPTICAL GLASS, Manufacture of, x.
665.
OPTICAL ILLUSIONS, 11. 205.
OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS, xvn. 801, 806.
OPTICAL SQUARE, surveying instru
ment, xxn. 720.
OPTIC NERVE, i. 889; vin. 816;
diseases of, xvn. 784.
OPTICS, xvn. 798; xiv. 577, 580; optical
arrangements of the eye, vin. 817; laws
of, in relation to the microscope, xvi.
258; to the telescope, xxin. 139; wave
theory of light, XXIV. 42 1 ; contribu
tions to the science by Arago, II. 303;
by Brewster, IV. 276; by Newton,
XVII. 438; by Porta, XIX. 526.
— , Geometrical, xvn. 798.
OPTIC THALAMI, xix. 37.
OPTIGRAPH, variety of camera lucida,
iv. 740.
OPTIMISM, in philosophy, xvm. 684.
OPUNTIA, group of Cactacere, iv. 626.
OPUNTII, Locri, ancient Greek people,
xiv. 764.
OPUS MAJUS, of Roger Bacon, in. 220.
OPUS QUADRATUM, in Roman build
ings, XX. 809.
ORACH, vegetable, xn. 285.
ORACLE, ORACLES, xvn. 808; of Greece,
xix. 91; of Delphi, vn. 53.
OR^EFAJOKULL, mountain, Iceland, xn.
616.
ORAGOS, mountains, Brazil, iv. 223.
OR AN, town, Algeria, xvn. 809.
ORANGE, tree and fruit, xvn. 810; xn.
272.
, town, France, xvn. 812; popula
tion, xxiv. 114; university of, xxin.
839-
ORANGE, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.,
xvn. 813.
, Princes of, XII. 74, 79; XVII. 812;
their connexion with house of Stuart,
xn. 79.
— , William the Silent, Prince of,
xxiv. 582; xn. 76.
-, William, Prince of (William III.
of England), XXIV. 578; xn. 81; in
vited to England, vin. 351.
COLOURS, in dyeing, vn. 578.
ORANGEMEN, association of Irish Pro
testants, xvn. 813.
ORANGE-NASSAU, or Orange, House of,
xn. 74, 79; xvn. 812.
ORANGE RIVER, South Africa, i. 254;
v. 42.
ORANGE RIVER FREE STATE, South
Africa, i. 270; v. 45; xvn. 813.
ORANGITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
ORANG-OUTAN, ape, II. 149.
ORANGS, Malayan people, xv. 323, 324.
ORANIENBAUM, town, Russia, xvn.
814; xxi. 190, 194.
ORATORIANS, religious society, xvn.
347; xvi. 713.
ORATORIO, in music, xvn. 85, 100;
Handel's oratorios, XL 435; Haydn's,
xi. 540; Mendelssohn's, xvi. 8.
ORATORY, Brougham's, iv. 374; Burke's,
iv. 544; Demosthenes's, vn. 72; earl
of Derby's, vn. 112; Fox's, IX. 500;
Grattan's, XL 63; Greek, XL 142;
Robert Hall's, XI. 392; Isrcus's, XIII.
376; Isocrates's, xni. 388; Lysias's,
xv. 118; Roman, XX. 719.
— , in architecture, II. 468.
— , Congregation of the, xvn. 346;
xvi. 713.
ORAZI, Giovanni B., Italian flute-maker,
xxin. 521.
ORBELIAN, John, Georgian prince, as
Prester John, xix. 716.
ORBISTON, Scotland, Owen's community
at, xvin. 88.
ORBIT, of comets, vi. 182.
ORBITOLITES, genus of Foraminifera, IX.
377-
ORCA, genus of cetacean mammals, xv.
398.
ORCADES, the ancient Thule, xxin.
328.
ORCAGNA, Italian painter, sculptor, and
architect, xvn. 814; IX. 771; xxi.
568; his glass-paintings, x. 669.
ORCELLA, genus of cetacean mammals,
xv. 398.
ORCHARD CULTURE, i. 384.
ORCHARD-HOUSE, in horticulture, xn.
225, 278.
ORCHESOGRAPHY, dancing notation, vi.
800.
ORCHESTRA, ORCHESTRATION, in
music, xvn. 98.
ORCHESTRION, musical instrument,
xvn. 1 06.
ORCHHA, native state, India, xvn. 816.
324
O R C — 0 R M
ORCHIAN LAW, Roman, xxn. 644.
ORCHIDS, family of plants, xvn. 816;
xii. 266.
ORCHIL, or Archil, purple dye, n. 379;
xiv. 559.
ORCHIS, genus of plants, xvn. 816.
ORCHOMENUS, town of Arcadia, Greece,
xvn. 8 1 8.
, town of Bceotia, Greece, xvn. 818.
ORCUS, Roman divinity, xix. 236.
ORDEAL, xvn. 818; in Siam, xxi. 852;
by the Styx, xxn. 614.
ORDER, or Ordination, sacred rite, xvn.
820.
ORDERICUS VITALIS, Norman historian,
xvn. 821.
ORDER OF PRECEDENCE, British, xix.
662.
ORDERS, Holy, v. 826; xvn. 820.
, Monastic, xvi. 703.
OF KNIGHTHOOD, xiv. 121; of
St John of Jerusalem, xxi. 173; of
Knights Templars, xxm. 160 ; of
Teutonic Knights, xxiii. 201; military,
xvi. 709.
ORDINALIA, ancient Cornish drama, v.
323-
ORDINARY, in law, xvn. 821.
ORDINATION, sacred rite, xvn. 820.
ORDIN-NASTOCHKIN, Russian states
man, xxi. 96.
ORDNANCE, Construction of, xi. 288,
3°5-
• , Surveyor-general of, British, II.
572.
— SURVEV, of Great Britain, vn.
599; x. 191, 210; methods of, XXII.
708, 711; maps of, X. 210.
ORDONO, kings of Leon, xxn. 311.
ORDOVICES, British tribe, xxi. 648.
ORDUBAD, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
xxm. 515.
ORDUS, Mongol tribes, xvi. 744.
OREADES, in Greek mythology, XVII.
_688.
OREBRO, town, Sweden, XVII. 821;
county, xxii. 741.
ORE-DRESSERS, machines, xvi. 59.
OREGON, or Columbia, river, U.S.A.,
xviii. 1 1 6.
• , State, U.S.A., xvn. 822; early
exploration and settlement of, xxm.
758, 767.
CITY, Oregon, U.S.A., xvn. 825.
O'REILLY, Don Alexandra, Spanish
governor of New Orleans, xvn. 404.
OREL, government, Russia, xvn. 825;
xxi. 69; town, xvn. 826.
ORELLANA, Francis, Spanish explorer,
i. 654.
ORENBURG, government, Russia, xvn.
826; xxi. 69; town, xvn. 827.
— GUM, xiv. 310.
ORENSE, province and town, Spain,
xvii. 827.
OREPOSA, Count, Spanish minister,
xxn. 333.
ORES, Dressing of, xvi. 462; extraction
of metals from, xvi. 57.
ORESME, Nicole, French bishop and
economist, xix. 354.
ORESTES, of Greek legend, XVII. 827.
, Euripides's play, Vin. 677.
— , barbarian ruler of Italy, xvn.
726; xx. 781.
ORFA (Edessa, q.v.), town, Turkey in
Asia, VII. 653.
ORFFYREUS (J. E. E. Bessler), his per
petual motion, XVin. 554.
ORFILA, Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure,
toxicologist, xvn. 828.
OR FORD, Earls of (Robert and Horace
Walpole), xxiv. 335, 333.
ORGAN, musical instrument, xvn. 828;
Vogler's improvements on, xxiv. 272.
, American, XI. 483.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, v. 544.
ORGANINA, musical instrument, xvn.
1 06.
ORGANISTRUM, musical instrument,
xix. 65.
ORGANON, of Aristotle, n. 516.
ORGAN PIPES, Length and notation of,
xvn. 103.
ORGANUM, musical instrument, xix.
65.
ORGIES, Greek rites, xvn. 839.
ORGUINETTE, musical instrument, xvn.
1 06.
ORHY, mountain, France, xx. 126.
ORIANA, wife of Amadis of Gaul, xx.
654.
ORIBASIUS, Byzantine anatomist, I. 804;
xv. 804.
ORIBATID^E, family of Araclmida, xvi.
528; n. 276.
ORICHES, Tungus tribe, Siberia, xxm.
608.
ORIEL COLLEGE, Oxford, xvin. 97.
ORIEL WINDOW, n. 460.
ORIENTAL REPUBLIC OF THE URU
GUAY, South America, xxiv. 14.
ORIFLAMME, sacred banner of France,
ix. 279.
ORIGANUM, genus of plants, xxm.
333-
O RlGEN, early Christian writer, xvn. 839 ;
as Biblical interpreter, XI. 745; on
the canon, V. 6, 9; his commentary on
Canticles, v. 33; on Celsus's discourse
against Christianity, v. 295; creed of,
VI. 559; his Hexapla, in. 646; on
inspiration, xni. 155; his part in the
Septuagint, xxi. 669.
ORIGINAL SECEDERS, Scottish religious
denominations, xv. 132; XXIII. 728.
ORIGINAL SIN, xix. 669 ; Pelagian
doctrine regarding, XVin. 472.
ORIGIN OF SPECIES, in. 689; Lamarck
on, xiv. 232.
ORIGIN OF SPECIES, Darwin's work,
xxiv. 77, 81.
ORIGIN OF THE WORLD, Myths of the,
xvn. 143, 156.
ORIHUELA, town, Spain, xvn. 843.
ORIK, Spain, Battle of (1139), XIX.
540.
ORIN, lake, Tibet, XXIII. 339.
ORINOCO, river, South America, xvn.
843; Raleigh's expeditions to, xx. 262.
, Alto, territory, Venezuela, xxiv.
140.
ORIOLE, bird, xvn. 844; xn. 696.
ORION, constellation, xvn. 844; nebula)
of, n. 820.
, of Greek legend, xvi I. 844; xix.
559-
ORISSA, province, Bengal, India, xvn.
844; districts and population of, ill.
567.
ORISTANO, town, Sardinia, xxi. 309;
river, xxi. 308.
ORITHYIA, in Greek legend, ill. 59.
ORIYA LANGUAGE, India, Dictionaries
of, vn. 191.
ORIZABA, or Orizava, town, Mexico,
xvn. 845.
-, Peak of, Mexico, xvi. 215.
ORJEN, mountain, Dalmatia, vi. 783.
ORKHAN, Turkish prince, xxm. 641.
ORKLA, river, Norway, xvn. 575.
ORKNEY AND SHETLAND, county, Scot
land, xvn. 845; area and population,
xxi. 528; representation, xxm. 727.
ORKNEYINGA, Icelandic book, xn. 625.
ORKNEY ISLANDS, Scotland, xvn. 845;
the ancient Thule, xxm. 328; ac
quired by Scotland, xxi. 495.
ORLANDO FURIOSO, Ariosto's work, n.
503; xni. 509; Harington's translation
of, XL 479.
ORLANDO INAMORATO, of Boiardo, in.
862.
ORLE, in heraldry, XL 696.
ORLEANS, town, France, xvn. 849; uni
versity of, xxm. 838.
, island, in the St Lawrence, Quebec,
xx. 165.
— , Bastard of (Dunois), vn. 544.
— , Dukes of, xvn. 852.
— , Charles, duke of, French poet,
XVII. 851.
, Maid of (Joan of Arc, q.v.), xni.
695.
-, Anne Marie Louise d', duchesse
de Montpensier, xvi. 792.
HOUSE, Twickenham, England,
xxm. 674.
ORLOFF (Orel), government, Russia,
xvn. 825; town, xvii. 826.
, town, Vyatka, Russia, xxiv. 303.
, Russian family of, their relation
to Catherine II., v. 233.
, Alexis, Russian admiral, XXI. 99.
DIAMOND, vn. 166.
ORME, Robert, historian of British India,
xvii. 853.
ORMER SHELL, xvn. 2; xvi. 645.
ORMIN, early English writer, VIII. 395,
410.
ORMISTA, Orosius's work, xvni. 50.
0 R M — O S M
325
ORMONDE, Earls of, Ireland, XIII. 261;
xxni. 406.
, First Earl of, xin. 260.
, First Duke of, xvn. 854.
ORMSKIRK, town, England, xvn. 856.
ORMULUM, English metrical Scripture
paraphrase, I3tli century, vill. 395.
ORMUS, town on Persian Gulf, xvn.
856.
ORMUZD, or Aliura-Mazda, Zoroastrian
principle of good, xvn. 858; vn. 136;
xviii. 327; xxni. 238; xxiv. 822.
ORNAMENTS, of jewellery, xin. 675.
ORNE, department, France, xvm. i;
river, xvm. i.
ORNITHODELPHIA, group of Mammalia,
xv. 37i, 377-
ORNITHOLITES, fossil birds, in. 729.
ORNITHOLOGY, xvm. 2 (index, 49); in.
699.
ORNITHOPODA, order of fossil reptiles,
xx. 443.
ORNITHOPTERUS, genus of fossil reptiles,
xx. 87.
ORNITHORHYNCHID/E, family of mono-
treme mammals, xv. 371, 377.
ORNITHORHYNCHUS, genus of mono-
treme mammals, XV. 371, 377; xix.
213.
ORNITHOSAURIA, order of extinct rep
tiles, xx. 87, 443.
ORNITHOSCELIDA, class of fossil rep
tiles, xx. 443.
OROBANCHE^E, parasitic plants, xvm.
265.
OROBII, Khsetian people, xx. 505.
ORODES I., Parthian king, xvm. 596.
- II., Parthian king, xvm. 600.
OROKS, people, Saghalin, Asia, xxi.
147.
OROLAUNUM (Arlon), town, Belgium,
"• 543-
ORON, lake, Siberia, xxn. 5.
ORONTES, river, Syria, xxii. 821 ; legend
of, n. 131.
, satrap of Mysia, xvm. 579, 580.
OROPUS, ancient town, Greece, xvm. 50;
in. 60.
OROSIUS, Paulus, Spanish writer, xvm.
50; King Alfred's translation of hi.s
Histories, XIX. 316.
OROS STAVRO, mountain, Cyprus, vi.
747-
OROTAVA, town., Teneriffe, Canaries, iv.
799-
OROTINAN, language, Nicaragua, xvn.
479-
O'RoURKS, family, Leitrim, Ireland,
xiv. 433.
ORPHAN LECTURES, Andrewes's, n. 21.
ORPHAN OF CHAOU, Chinese drama, v.
666.
ORPHAT (Arafat), mountain, Arabia, II.
300.
ORPHEUS, of Greek legend, xvm. 51.
AND EURIDICE, Gluck's opera, x.
694.
ORPHISM, Greek religious system, XVIII.
51; orpine mysteries, xvn. 125.
ORPIMENT, mineral, xvm. 51; 11.635;
xvi. 394.
ORRERY, Earl of (Charles Boyle), iv.
183.
, Earl of (Roger Boyle), IV. 185.
ORRHOENE, or Osrhoene, district, Meso
potamia, xvi. 47; xvin. 57.
ORRIS-ROOT, perfume, xvm. 52; ix.
280.
ORSEOLO, Pietro, doge of Venice, xxiv.
142.
ORSINI, Roman family, xx. 796, 806.
, Felice, Italian patriot, xvin. 52;
his attempt on the life of Napoleon
III., ix. 624; xvn. 228.
, Giacinto Bobone (Pope Celestine
III.), v. 291.
-, Vincenzo Marco (Pope Benedict
XIII.), in. 559.
ORSK, town, Russia, xvm. 52.
ORTEGA, Melchor, Spanish romancist,
xx. 659.
ORTELIUS, or Ortell, Abraham, Flemish
geographer, xvin. 52.
ORTES, Giammaria, Italian economist,
xix. 363.
ORTGIES, Franz Hermann, Berlin jour
nalist, xvn. 428.
ORTHAGORID^:, tyrants of Sicyon, xxn.
32-
ORTHAGORISCUS, genus of fishes, xvn.
777; xxn. 658.
ORTHEZ, town, France, xx. 127.
ORTHITE, mineral, xvi. 409, 410.
ORTHOCLASE, mineral, xi. 48; xvi.
419.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION, in geo
metry, xix. 797.
ORTHONECTIDA, group of animal para
sites, xvin. 259.
ORTHONYX, genus of birds, xvin. 52.
ORTHO-PHOSPHORIC ACID, xvin. 818.
ORTHOPTERA, order of insects, xin.
152.
ORTHORHAPHA, group of insects, vn.
256.
ORTHOTOMIC SURFACES, in geometry,
xxn. 672.
ORTHOTOMUS, genus of birds, xxiv.
367-
ORTHOTROPIC ORGANS, in plants, xix.
61.
ORTI ESPERIDI, Metastasio's poem, xvi.
104.
ORTIS, Jacopo, Foscolo's Letters of, ix.
471.
ORTOLAN, bird, xvin. 53.
ORTYGIA (Syracuse), island, Sicily, xxn.
813-
ORTYX, genus of birds, xx. 147.
ORTYXELUS, genus of birds, xx. 147.
ORVIETO, town, Italy, xvin. 53.
ORWELL, river, England, xxn. 621.
ORYCTEROPODID^, family of edentate
mammals, xv. 388.
ORYEKHOFF - ZUYEFF, town, Russia,
xvm. 54.
ORYZA, genus of plants, xx. 538.
ORYZORICTIN/E, subfamily of insecti
vorous mammals, xv. 405.
OSACCA (Ozaka), town, Japan, xvin.
in; xin. 578.
OSAGES, American-Indian tribe, xn.
832.
OSAKA, town, Japan, xvin. in; xin.
578.
OSAMARE, station on the Niger, Africa,
xvn. 498.
OSBORN, Sherard, English admiral and
explorer, xvin. 54.
OSBORNE, Captain Henry, governor of
Newfoundland, xvn. 386.
HOUSE, royal residence, Isle of
Wight, England, vi. 532.
OSCANS, ancient nation, Italy, XVIII. 54;
xin. 445; Oscan dialect, xx. 661.
OSCAR I., king of Sweden, xxn. 752.
II., of Sweden, xxn. 753.
OSCILLATION, of parachutes, i. 201; in
ships, xxi. 813; tidal, xxni. 359.
OSCINES, group of birds, XVIII. 47.
OSCINIS VASTATOR, wheat pest, xxiv.
.. 535-
OSEL, island, Baltic, xiv. 723.
OSGOODE HALL, Toronto, Canada,
xxni. 448.
OSHBUNA, Moslem name of Lisbon, xiv.
— , island, Lew-Chew group, xin. 569;
xiv. 490.
OSHKOSH, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
xvill. 55; population, xxiv. 617.
OSHMIANY, town, Russia, xxiv. 234.
OSHOGBO, town, West Africa, XXIV.
754-
OsiANDER, Andreas, German Reformer,
XVIII. 55; his theological views, XV. 85.
, Lukas, German ecclesiastic, xvin.
55-
OSIER, willow, xxiv. 589.
OSIRIS (Apis), Egyptian divinity, 1 1.
173; vn. 714, 716; xvn. 151; xxi.
674.
Osius, or Hosius, bishop of Cordova,
xn. 300.
OSKALOOSA, town, Iowa, U.S.A., xvin.
55-
OSLER'S ANEMOMETER, n. 25.
OSMAN I., Ghazi, Ottoman sultan, xvin.
55-
II., Ottoman sultan, xvin. 55;
xxni. 644.
— , Turkish ruler, xxni. 640.
PASHA, Turkish general, xxni.
652.
OSMANLIS, or Ottoman Turks, xxni.
640, 66 1.
OSMERUS, genus of fishes, XXI. 221, 223.
OSMIRIDIUM, mineral, xvi. 383; xix.
192.
OSMIUM, chemical element, v. 537; xix.
189, 193.
326
0 S M — 0 T W
OSMOSIS, absorption process in plants,
xix. 44.
OSNABRiiCK, town, Prussia, XVIII. 55.
OSORIO, Geronymo, Portuguese writer,
XVIII. 56.
OSPREY, bird, xvin. 56.
OSRED, Northumbrian, king, XVII. 570.
OSRHOENE, district, Mesopotamia, xvin.
57; xvi. 47.
OSRIC, Northumbrian king, xvn. 570.
OSROES, Parthian ruler, xvin. 603.
OSSA, mountain, Thessaly, Greece,
xxm. 298.
OSSAU, mountain, France, XX. 126.
OSSEINE, constituent of bone, xvin.
815.
OSSEOUS TISSUE, or Bone, i. 853.
OSSET-CUM-GAWTHORPE, town, Eng
land, xvin. 57.
OSSETES, Circassian race of people, v.
257.
OSSETIC LANGUAGE, Dictionary of, vn.
190.
OSSETR, fish, xxn. 612.
OSSIAN, Poems of, XV. 166; v. 331; ix.
75; x. 13; Blair's dissertation on, in.
803; Italian translation of, v. 366.
OSSIFRAGE, bird, XIV. 244; XVIII. 56.
OSSOLI, Marchioness, American author- !
ess, xvill. 57.
OSTADE, Adrian, Dutch painter, xvm.
57-
, Isaac, Dutch painter, xvin. 59.
OSTASHKOFF, town, Russia, xvin. 59;
xxm. 672.
OSTEND, town, Belgium, xvin. 60;
siege of (1601), xn. 78.
OSTENSION, Fete d', at Limoges, xiv.
652.
OSTEOID TUMOURS, xvin. 371.
OSTEOLOGY, i. 820. See also xxii. 105.
OSTEOMALACIA, disease, xvin. 375.
OSTEOMATA, outgrowths of bone, xvin.
37i-
OSTER, town, Russia, XXin. 96.
OSTERGOTLAND, county, Sweden, XXII.
741.
OSTERSTEIN, castle, Germany, x. 438.
OSTERVALD, Jean Frederic, Swiss
theologian, xvin. 60.
OSTGAARD, N. R., Norwegian novelist,
xvn. 592.
OSTHEIM, district, Germany, xxi. 349.
OSTIA, ancient town, Italy, xvin. 60.
OSTIAKS, Finnish tribe, Siberia, xvin.
. 61; in Russia, xxi. 251.
OSTPREUSSEN, province, Prussia, XX.
19.
OSTRACISM, Athenian political institu
tion, xvin. 61; XL 97.
OSTREA, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 638,
685, 694; xvin. 106.
OSTRICH, bird, xvin. 62 ; African,
I. 259; American, XX. 505; Arabian,
II. 243; Patagonian, xvin. 353;
feathers of, IX. 60; xvin. 63.
OSTROFF, town, Russia, XX. 36.
OSTROG, town, Russia, xxiv. 282.
OSTROGOTHS, or East Goths, x. 848; in
time of Theodosius I., xxm. 257; law
code of, xxi. 216.
OSTROGOZHSK, town, Russia, xxiv. 298.
OSTROLENKA, town, Russia, xiv. 817.
OSTROW, town, Russia, xiv. 817.
OSTROWICE, town, Poland, xx. 218.
OSTSEE (Baltic, q.v.), in. 293.
OSTSWINE, town, Prussia, xxiv. 633.
OSTUNI, town, Italy, xvm. 63.
OST-VAAGO, island, Norway, xiv. 769.
OSTVAKS, or Ostiaks, Finnish tribe,
xvm. 61; xxi. 251.
OSUNA, town, Spain, xvm. 63; xxi.
708.
-, Duke of, Quevedo's relations with,
xx. 178.
OSWALD, king of Northumbria, xvm.
63; xvn. 569; xxi. 475.
OSWALDTWISTLE, town, England, xvin.
64.
OSWEGO, town, New York, U.S.A.,
xvm. 64.
- FLOUR, xv. 310.
OSWESTRY, town, England, xvm. 64.
OSWIECIM (Auschwitz), town, Austria,
in. 100.
OSWIN, St, Priory of, Tynemouth, Eng
land, xxm. 675.
OSWULF, king of Northumbria, XVII.
570.
OSWY, king of Northumbria, xvn. 569.
OSYUT (Asioot, q.v.), town, Upper
Egypt, XXII. 103.
OTAGO, town, New Zealand, xvii. 470;
university of, xvn. 470; xxm. 856.
OTAHEITI (Tahiti), island, Pacific,
xxm. 22.
OTAMISH, division of Turkomans, xvi.
43-
OTARIID.E, family of carnivorous mam
mals, xv. 442.
OTFRID, or Otfried, German poet, x.
517, 522.
OTHELLO, Shakespeare's play, xxi. 764;
source of the plot, X. 620.
OTHER, or Ohthere, Norse navigator,
xix. 316; i. 507.
OTHGAR, Frankish margrave, xx. 651.
OTHIYYOTH DE-RABBI AKIBAH, Mid-
rash, xvi. 286.
OTHO I., emperor, xvm. 66; x. 483;
xin. 469; xx. 788.
— II., emperor, xvm. 66; x. 485.
— III., emperor, xvm. 66; x. 485;
xx. 790 ; in Italy, Xix. 497 ; in
Poland, xix. 286.
— IV., emperor, xvm. 67; X. 491.
— (of Nordheim), duke of Bavaria,
XL 667.
— , king of Greece, XL 125.
— , prince of Savoy, xxi. 339.
of Freising, German historian,
xvm. 67; xix. 714.
, Marcus Salvius, Roman emperor,
xvm. 64.
OTHMAN, caliph, xvi. 548, 549, 563.
— , or Osman, I., Turkish ruler, xxm.
640.
II., Turkish sultan, xxm. 644;
xvm. 55.
— BEN AFFAN, Mohammed's son-in-
law, xvi. 548, 563, 604.
OTIORHYNCHUS, genus of insects, xxiv.
238.
OTIS, genus of birds, iv. 579.
, James, American lawyer and poli
tician, xvin. 67; i. 721; xxm. 736.
OTITIS, or Ear- Ache, disease, vn. 594.
OTLEY, town, England, xvm. 68.
OTOBA BUTTER, vegetable fat, xvn. 744.
OTOCORYS, genus of birds, XIV. 316.
OTOCYON, genus of carnivorous mam
mals, xv. 439.
OTOES, American-Indian tribe, xn. 832.
OTORRHOZA, disease of the ear, vn. 594.
OTRANTO, town, Italy, xvm. 68.
-, Duke of (Joseph Fouche), IX. 476.
OTRIC of Saxony, mediaeval teacher,
xxii. 74.
OTTAWA, town, Canada, xvm. 68; river,
xx. 165; xxi. 181.
-, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xvm. 69.
OTTAWAS, American-Indian tribe, xn.
831-
OTTENSEN, town, Prussia, xvm. 69.
OTTER, carnivorous mammal, xvm.
69; XV. 439; skins of, IX. 838; hunt
ing, xii. 396.
OTTERBEIN, P. W., founder of United
Brethren in Christ, xxm. 727.
OTTERBURN, England, Battle of (1388),
xxi. 490.
OTTEREN, river, Norway, xvn. 575.
OTTER-HOUNDS, xn. 316.
OTTER-HUNTING, xn. 396.
OTTER PEAK, mountain, Virginia,
U.S.A., xxm. 794.
OTTO, or Otho (q.v.), emperors, xvm.
66, 67.
-, Dr, his gas-engine, XXII. 523.
OTTOBONI, Pietro (Pope Alexander
VIII.), i. 490.
OTTOCAR I.-IL, kings of Bohemia, in.
860.
OTTOMAN EMPIRE, xxm. 640.
OTTOMAN LITERATURE, xxm. 640,
656.
OTTOMANS, or Ottoman Turks, xxm.
661; in Greece, xi. 120.
OTTOMAQUES, tribe of South- American
Indians, I. 703.
OTTO (or ATTAR) OF ROSES, perfume,
in. 52; xx. 851.
OTTOWALD, mountain, Germany, xxi.
349-
OTTRELITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
OTTUMWA, town, Iowa, U.S.A., xvm.
70.
OTUMBA, Mexico, Battle of (1520), vi.
442.
OTWAY, Thomas, English dramatist,
xvm. 70; vn. 435.
O U A — O X Y
327
OUACHITA, river, Louisiana, U.S.A.,
xv. 20.
OUB, river, Namaqualand, Soutli Africa,
xvn. 1 68.
OUDART, Paul Louis, illustrator of birds,
XVIII. 12.
OUDE, or Oudh, province, India, xvin.
71; xii. 809.
OUDENARDE, town, Belgium, xvin. 71;
battle of (1707), in. 126; ix. 582; xv.
555-
OUDH, province, India, xvin. 71;
annexation of, by the British, xii. 809;
birds of, III. 762.
OUDINOT, Charles Nicolas, duke of
Reggio, French marshal, xvm. 73.
OUDNEY, Dr, African traveller, v. 80 1.
OUGHTRED, William, English mathe
matician, xvm. 74; i. 514.
OULLINS, town, France, xx. 529.
OUNALASKA, island, Aleutian group,
North Pacific, I. 480.
OUNCE, carnivorous mammal, xv. 435.
OUNDLE, town, England, xvn. 556.
OUPLYTZ, fortress, Georgia, Russia, x.
785.
OURCQ CANAL, Paris, xvin. 285.
OURGA, or Urga, town, Mongolia, xxiv.
ii.
OURIQUE, or Orik, Spain, Battle of
(1139), XIX. 540.
OURO PRETO, town, Brazil, xvm. 74.
OUSE, river, Sussex, England, xxn. 723.
, river, Yorkshire, England, xxiv.
747-
, Great, river, England, in. 483; iv.
727; xn. 397; xvn. 536.
OUSEL, bird, xvin. 74.
OUSELEY, Sir F. A. G., his experiments
on resultant tones, XVII. 93.
, Sir William, English Orientalist,
xvin. 75.
OUSTITIS, or Marmosets, group of apes,
II. 154.
OUTCROP, of rocks, in geology, x. 298.
OUTFANGTHEOF, Cinque Port privilege,
v. 787.
OUTLAW, in English law, xvm. 75.
OUTPOSTS, of an army, xxiv. 363.
OUTRAM, Sir James, English general,
xvin. 76.
OUTRIGGER, racing boat, xxi. 31^ 805.
OVA, of fishes, ix. 244; xii. 660.
OVA-HERERO, African tribes, xvn. 319.
OVAR, town, Portugal, xvin. 76; xix.
537-
OVARIOTOMY, in surgery, xxn. 690.
OVARY, of mammals, xv. 368; function
of, in reproduction, xx. 407.
OVATION, honour to Roman concpierors,
xvm. 76.
OVEN, heating chamber, xvm. 76; in.
257; VI. 118; ix. 840.
OVENUS (John Owen), Latin epigram
matist, xvin. 85.
OVERBECK, Baron von, settler, North
Borneo, XXI. 124.
OVERBECK, Johann Friedrich, German
painter, xvin. 76.
OVERBURY, Sir Thomas, his poisoning,
xxn. 260.
OVER DARWEN, town, England, xvin.
77-
OVERGNAGHI, political party of medite-
val Italy, xiv. 768.
OVERHAIR, in fur, ix. 836.
OVERHEAD RAILWAYS, xx. 240.
OVER-TIDES, xxin. 362, 365.
OVERTURE, in music, xvn. 87, 95.
OVERYSSEL, province, Holland, xvm.
77-
OVIBOS, musk-ox, xvn. 108.
OVID (Publius Ovidius Naso), Roman
poet, xvin. 78; xx. 723; language
and style of, xiv. 335; representative
of the Augustan age, in. 83.
OVIEDO, Kingdom of, Spain, xxn.
, province, Spain, II. 824; XVIII. 84.
, town, Spain, xvin. 84; church of
Sta Maria do Naranco near, n. 432.
Y VALDEZ, Gonzalo Fernandez de,
Spanish historian, xvin. 84.
OVIFAK, Greenland, Nickel iron found
at, xvi. 113.
OVISTS, versus Animalculists, xxiv.
815.
Ovo, Castel dell', Naples, xvn. 189.
OVOCA, vale, Wicklow, Ireland, xxiv.
557-
OVRUTCH, town, Russia, xxiv. 282.
OVULE, rudimentary seed, in plants, iv.
145.
OVULUM, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 651.
OVUM, in animals, i. 844; xx. 413;
fertilization of, xxi. 721; of mammals,
xv. 368; works on its structure and
morphology, vin. 168.
OWASCO, Lake, New York, U.S.A., xvn.
451.
OWEGO, town, New York, U.S.A.,
xvin. 85.
OWEN, John ( 1 560-1 622), Latin epigram
matist, xvin. 85.
-, John (1616-1683), Puritan theo
logian, xvin. 85; xn. 728; onPresby-
terianism, XIX. 689.
, Sir Richard, on birds, XVIII. 24; on
the classification of reptiles, xx. 438;
his zoological classification, xxiv. 807.
, Robert, English philanthropist
and socialist, xvin. 86 ; xxn. 207,
209; on communism, VI. 211.
— GLENDOWER, Welsh prince, x.
678; vin. 320; xi. 660.
OwENSBOROUGH, town, Kentucky,
U.S.A., xvin. 88.
OWENS COLLEGE, Manchester, England,
xv. 462; xxin. 854.
OWEN'S LAKE, California, U.S.A., iv.
698.
OWENSON, Sydney (Lady Morgan),
English novelist, XVI. 823.
OWEN'S RIVER, California, iv. 698.
OWEN STANLEY MOUNTAINS, New
Guinea, xvn. 387.
OWEN TUDOR, his marriage to Catherine
of Valois, v. 237.
OWL, bird, xvin. 88.
OWL-PARROT, of New Zealand, xin.
825.
OWNERSHIP, in law, xix. 560.
OWYHEE, river, Nevada, U.S.A., xvn.
367-
Ox, xv. 432. See also Cattle.
OXALIC ACID, xvin. 91; as a poison,
xix. 277.
OXALIS, genus of plants, xn. 285.
OXALITE, mineral, xvi. 428.
Ox-BiRD, xxi. 260.
OXENSTIERNA, Axel, count of, Swedish
statesman, xvn I. 92; v. 702; xxn. 748.
-, Johan Gabriel, Swedish poet, xxn.
756.
OXEYE, bird, xxin. 419.
OXFORD, county, England, xvin. 93;
representation, xxin. 727.
-, town, England, xvin. 94; boat-
racing at, xxi. 31; colleges, vin. 317;
libraries, XIV. 519, 544; Arundelian
marbles, n. 671; observatories, xvn.
710; heliometer in observatory, xxin.
1 49; newspapers, xvn. 422; university,
xxin. 837, 838, 852; i. 69; Provisions
of (1258), vin. 311; xvi. 788; Anthony
Wood's History of, xxiv. 643.
— , First Earl of, English statesman,
xvin. 99; his relations with Dean
Swift, xxn. 764.
METHODISM, xvi. 185.
OXHAVEERITE, mineral, xvi. 421.
Ox HIDES, for tanning, xiv. 380, 383.
OXIDATION COLOURS, for calico-print
ing, iv. 689.
OXIDATIONS, in plants, xix. 51.
OXIDES, oxygen compounds, in chemistry,
v. 477, 544; xvi. 61 ; group of minerals,
xvi. 385; of carbon, v. 87; of iron,
Xin. 279; of mercury, xvi. 33; of
platinum, xix. 192; of potassium, xix.
591; of silver, xxn. 71.
OXLEY, John, Australian explorer, in.
104.
OXLIP, plant, xix. 737.
OXON, or Oxford, county, England,
xvin. 93; xxin. 727.
Ox-PowER, in mechanics, xv. 772.
OXTON, town, England, xvn. 599.
Oxus, river, Central Asia, XVIII. 101;
XL 822; xxin. 511, 512; at Khiva,
xiv. 63.
OXYBII, Ligurian tribe, xiv. 639.
OXY-CALCIUM LAMP, xv. 212.
OXYGEN, chemical element, v. 479; its
action in iron and steel, xin. 284; in
ocean water, xxi. 612; as plant-food,
xix. 48; spectrum of, xxn. 375;
thermometric properties of, XI. 574;
Lavoisier's theory of, xiv. 353.
OXYH.-EMOGLOBIN, constituent of red
blood-corpuscles, xx. 483.
328
0 X Y — P A K
OXYHYDROGEN FLAME, XVIII. 105.
OXYNOTUS, genus of birds, xvin. 106.
OXYSULPHURETS, minerals, xvi. 396.
OXYURIS, genus of nematode worms,
xvii. 324; xxiv. 205.
OVER AND TERMINER, in English law,
xvni. 106.
OYKEL, river, Scotland, XX. 854.
OYO, town, West Africa, XXI v. 754.
OYSTER, edible mollusc, xvm. 106;
xvi. 638, 694; artificial propagation
of, xix. 128; dredge for, VII. 460;
destruction of beds, Xix. 126; fisheries
for, IX. 265, 523; at Sables d'Olonne,
France, xxi. 129; of Chesapeake Bay,
U.S.A., in. 299.
BAY, town, Long Island, New
York, U.S.A., xiv. 866.
— CATCHER, bird, xvin. in.
OZAKA,town, Japan, XVlll. 1 1 1 ; xm. 578.
OZANAM, Antoine Frederic, French Neo-
Catholic critic, xvni. 112.
OZARK MOUNTAINS, U.S.A., i. 678.
OZEROFF, Vladislaff A., Eussian drama
tist, xxi. 106.
OZOCERITE, or Ozokerite, mineral wax,
xvm. 112; xvi. 429.
OZOL^E, Locri, ancient Greek people,
xiv. 764.
OZONE, form of oxygen, xvm. 113; v.
481.
T) the sixteenth letter of the alphabet,
*• t xvm. 114.
PABAK, Persian prince, xvni. 607.
PACASMAYO, town, Peru, xvm. 674.
PACATIANA, Phrygian province, xvm.
852.
PACCHERI, Antonio, encaustic painter,
viii. 186.
PACCHIA, Girolamo del, Italian painter,
xvm. 114.
PACCHIAROTTO, Jacopo, Italian painter,
xvin. 114.
PACCHIONIAN BODIES, in the brain, i.
865.
PACK ECO, Francisco, Spanish painter,
xvm. 114; his relations with Velaz
quez, xxiv. 131.
, Juan V. G., Spanish governor of
Mexico, xvi. 219.
PACHNOLITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
PACHOMIUS, founder of the monastic
life, I. 10; xvi. 699.
PACHUCA, town, Mexico, xvi. 214.
PACHYDERMATA, division of ungulate
Mammalia, XV. 421.
PACHYMERES, Georgius, Byzantine his
torian, iv. 613.
PACHYTYLUS, genus of locusts, xiv. 765.
PACIFIC OCEAN, xvm. 114; first seen
by Balbao, in. 274; explorations of,
x. 193, 195; marine fishes of, XII. 679;
islands, xix. 418.
PACINIAN CORPUSCLES, attached to
nerves, I. 862.
PACIOLI, Fra Luca, Italian painter, xix.
82.
PACK, Hydropathic, xn. 544.
PACKET-SERVICES, Postal, xix. 567.
PACKFONG, German silver, x. 446.
PACOCHA, town, Peru, xvni. 674.
PACORUS I., Parthian king, xvin. 597.
— II., Parthian king, xvm. 603.
PACTA CONVENTA, articles signed by
Polish kings, xix. 292.
PACTOLUS, river, Asia Minor, XV. 99;
the golden stream of Sardis, xxi. 310.
PACUVIUS, Marcus, Roman tragic poet,
xvni. 129; language of, xiv. 332.
PADAMO, river, South America, xvn.
843.
PADANG, residency and town, Sumatra,
xxn. 639.
PADAS, river, North Borneo, xxi. 123.
PADDINGTON, district of London, xiv.
822.
PADDLE-WHEEL STEAM SHIPS, xxi.
824.
PADDY-BIRD, xxi. 782.
PADERBORN, town, Prussia, xvin.
130.
PADIHAM, town, England, xvin. 130.
PADILLA, Juan Lopez de, Spanish insur
rectionary leader, xvni. 130; v. 414;
xxn. 328.
, Maria de, mistress of Pedro I. of
Castile, xvin. 450; xxn. 320.
PADLOCK, lock, xiv. 744.
PADUA, town, Italy, xvni. 131; Arena
chapel at, 11. 455; school of medicine,
XV. 809; observatory, xvii. 713;
school of painting, xxi. 436, 442;
pictures, xxi. 447; sculpture, XXI.
569; university, xxin. 833, 836.
PADUCAH, town, Kentucky, U.S.A.,
xvin. 132.
PADUS (Po), river, Italy, xix. 251.
PEDAGOGICS, science of education, vn.
677.
P/EDAGOGUE, The, by Clement of
Alexandria, V. 819.
P.EONIA, district, north of Macedonia,
xv. 136.
— , genus of plants, xvni. 132.
P/EONY, plant, xvin. 132; xn. 257.
PAESI, II Giovane de' (Girolamo Muzi-
ano), Italian painter, xvn. 114.
PAESIELLO, or Paisiello, Giovanni,
Italian musical composer, xvni. 140;
xvn. 99.
PESTUM, Greek town, Italy, xvin. 132;
temple at, II. 410.
P^ETUS, Thrasea, Roman Stoic, xvni.
663.
PAEZ, Jose Antonio, president of
Venezuela, XVIII. 133.
— , Pedro, Jesuit missionary to
Abyssinia, XVlll. 133.
PAGAN, Comte de, on fortification, IX. i
441.
PAGANINI, Nicolo, Italian violinist,
xvin. 134.
PAGANIS, Hugh de, founder of Knights
Templars, xxin. 160.
PAGANISM, in relation to Christianity,
v. 694; vin. 623.
PAGAS^US SINUS, Greece, xxin. 299;
xxiv. 282.
PAGE, valet or damoiseau, in chivalry,
Xiv. 117; royal, of England, xxi. 38.
, C. G., his discovery of electro
magnetic sounds, xxin. 127.
PAGEANTS, Dramatic, vn. 416.
PAGET, Henry William, marquis of
Anglesey, II. 30.
PAGING BOOKS, Machinery for, xxn.
461.
PAGLIORBA, Mont, Corsica, vi. 439.
PAGODAS, of Burmah, ll. 397; Chinese,
II. 449; of India, II. 396; porcelain,
at Nanking, xvn. 172; ruins of the
Thousand Pagodas, Java, iv. 214.
PAG US, hill near Smyrna, Asia Minor,
xxn. 186.
PAHANG, district, Malay Peninsula, xv.
322; river, XV. 321.
PAHLAVI, language of the Zoroastrian
sacred books, xvin. 134, 655; dic
tionary of, vii. 190.
PAI FANG, monuments, China, 1 1. 449.
PAI-HOI, mountains, Russia, xxiv. 3.
PAI KULI, Fire temple of, Kurdistan,
xiv. 159.
PAILLE-MAILLE, game, vi. 608.
PAI Loo, or Pai Fang, monuments,
China, II. 449.
PAIN, Sensations of, xxin. 482; psycho
logical analysis of, XX. 40, 67, 71;
mesmeric insensibility to, xv. 281.
PAINE, Thomas, social and political
writer, xvin. 136; his influence on
the American revolution, xxin. 742;
Erskine's defence of, viii. 530.
PAINT, Luminous, xiv. 603.
PAINTED BUNTING, bird, xvii. 534.
PAINTERS, List of the chief, xxi. 442.
PAINTERS' COLIC, disease, vi. 140.
PAINTERS' -WORK, in building, iv. 510.
PAINTING, xxi. 433; xvin. 137; as a
fine art, IX. 206; in relation to poetry,
xix. 262; encaustic, vin. 185; fresco,
ix. 769; on glass, x. 667; mural, xvi.
39; ancient classical, n. 353, 358, 363,
366; academies of, I. 78; Leonardo's
treatise on, xiv. 462.
, Schools of, xxi. 433.
PAINTS, or Pigments, XIX. 85.
PAISANO, bird, vi. 687.
PAISI, Bulgarian monk, xxn. 150.
PAISIELLO, Giovanni, Italian musical
composer, xvin. 140; xvin. 99.
PAISLEY, town, Scotland, xvin. 140.
PAITA, or Payta, town, Peru, xvin. 441.
PAJARES, pass, Spain, xxn. 293.
PAJOU, Augustin, French sculptor, xvin.
141.
PAKHOI, town, China, xvin. 141.
PAKHT, Egyptian divinity, vn. 718.
PAKLAT LANG, town, Siam, xxi. 853.
P A K — P A L
329
PAKNAM, town, Siam, xxi. 853.
PHO, river, Siam, xxi. 850.
PAK PATTAN, town, India, xvi. 789.
PALACKY, Frantisek, Bohemian his
torian, xvin. 142.
PALADIN, knight, xvm. 142.
PALA D' ORO, altarpiece, St Mark's,
Venice, xxiv. 152; vill. 183.
PALEARCTIC REGION, in zoology, vu.
269.
PALEICHTHYES, subclass of fishes, xn.
685.
PALEMON, genus of crustaceans, xxi.
847.
PALEOCRYSTIC SEA, XIX. 320, 328.
PALEOGRAPHY, xvm. 143; Egyptian,
XL 794; Greek, xix. 610; Hebrew,
XL 597; Mexican, xvi. 212; Madden's
work on, xv. 1 76. See also Alphabet
and Inscriptions.
PALEOLITHIC PERIOD, in archaeology,
n. 336.
PALEOLOGUS, Byzantine family name,
xvin. 165.
, Andronicus II., Byzantine emperor,
II. 23.
, John V., Byzantine emperor, v. 27.
, John VI. and VII., Byzantine eni-
perors, xni. 713.
, Manuel II., Byzantine emperor,
XV. 505.
. , Michael VIII., Byzantine emperor,
XL 120; xvi. 227.
PALEONEMERTEA, suborder of worms,
xvn. 326, 330.
PALEONTOLOGY, in geology, x. 319; in
relation to archaeology, II. 333; of
animals, VII. 281; of birds, ill. 728;
of fishes, XII. 666; mammalian, xv.
374; of American mammals, I. 682;
Agassiz's researches in, I. 275; Lyell's
contributions to, xv. 102.
PALEORNIS, genus of birds, xvm. 321.
PALEOTHERIUM, genus of fossil ungu
late mammals, xv. 429.
PALEOTYPE, system of writing speech-
sounds, A. J. Ellis's, I. 608; list of
symbols, XXII. 385.
PALEOZOIC ROCKS, x. 328.
PALEPHATUS, Greek writer, xvm. 166.
PALEPOLIS, ancient town, Italy, xvn.
190.
PALESTRA, or Wrestling School, x. 64;
Olympian, xvn. 767.
PALETYRUS, part of ancient Tyre, xxm.
711.
PALAFOX Y MELZI, Jose de, duke of
Saragossa, Spanish general, xvm. 166.
PALAGONITE, rock, x. 235.
PALAMAU, division, India, xiv. 806.
PALAMCOTTA, town, India, xxm. 405.
PALAMEDEA, genus of birds, xxi. 552.
PALAMEDES, romance, xx. 648.
PALAMIDHI, fortress, Nauplia, Greece,
xvii. 249.
PALAMITES (Hesychasts), sect of Greek
Church, XL 782.
PALANPUR, native state, India, xvm.
1 66.
PALATE, i. 825, 895; vn. 223; xxm.
79; of mammals, xv. 361.
PALATINATE, The, province, Bavaria,
xvin. 166; in. 453.
PALATINE, Counties, in England, vi.
5i3-
HILL, Koine, xx. 822.
PALATINES, Polish senators, xix. 288.
PALATINE SALII; Boman priests, xv.
570.
PALAWAN, island, Philippines, XVIII.
752.
PALAZZOLO, town, Italy, xvni. 167.
PALE, in heraldry, XI. 694.
PALEARIO, Aonio, Italian humanist and
Reformer, xvm. 167.
PALEMBANG, residency and town, Suma
tra, xxii. 639.
PALENCIA, province, Spain, xvin. 168.
, town, Spain, xvm. 168; uni
versity, xxm. 839.
PALENQUE, Ruins of, Mexico, xvin.
168; i. 693; ii. 450.
PALEOPREVESA, town, Greece, xvn.
490.
PALERMO, town, Sicily, xvin. 160;
xxn. 23, 31; libraries, xiv. 530, 548;
observatory, XVII. 714; ancient silk
weaving industry, xxm. 208.
PALES, Italian deity, xvin. 170.
PALESTINE, country, Western Asia,
xvin. 170; xxn. 821; xxm. 653;
conquest of, by the Arabs, II. 257 ;
settlement of Israelites in, xni. 400;
in time of the crusades, vi. 627 ;
ancient agriculture of, I. 292; coins of,
xvn. 650; modern, Jews in, XIII.
686.
PALESTRINA (Proeneste), town, Italy,
xix. 654.
, Giovanni Pierluigi da, Italian
musical composer, xvin. 178; XVII.
84.
PALETTE, Painter's, xvin. 137.
PALEY, William, English theologian and
philosopher, xvin. 181; ethics of,
vin. 605.
PALFYN, Jean, on surgical anatomy, I.
815.
PALGHAT, town, India, xvin. 182.
PALGRAVE, Sir Francis, English his
torian, xvin. 182; on English state
papers, xx. 313.
PALHANPOOR (Palanpur), native state,
India, xvin. 166.
PALI, Buddhist language, xvin. 183;
literature in, xvin. 184; of Ceylon,
v. 366; dictionaries of, vn. 191.
PALICE OF HONOUR, Gawain Douglas's
poem, vii. 377.
PALILIA, Roman festival, xvin. 170.
PALIMPSESTS, manuscripts, xvin. 185,
162; iv. 38; of brass, IV. 219.
PALINDROME, reversible sentence, xvin.
1 86.
PALINGENESIS, Ballanche's work on, in.
286.
PALIO DELLE CONTRADE, Sienese
festival, xxii. 38.
PALISADE, in fortification, ix. 422.
PALISADES, The, New York, U.S.A.,
xxm. 795.
PALISSY, Bernard, French potter, xvin.
186; xix. 629.
PALITANA, state, India, xvin. 187.
PALLA, or Pallium, the pall, an ecclesi
astical dress, xvin. 189; vi. 461, 463.
, or Pallium, Roman dress, vi. 453,
456; xxm. 207.
, Giuoco della, Italian tennis, xxm.
179.
PALLADIA, wife of Salvian, xxi. 238.
PALLADIO, Andrea, Italian architect,
xvin. 187; ii. 438, 440.
PALLADIUM, or Palladion, image of
Pallas, xvin. 188; II. 831; xxm.
583-
, metal, xix. 189, 193; xvi. 383; as
chemical element, v. 538; discovery
of, xxiv. 633.
PALLADIUS, St, early missionary to
Ireland, XIII. 247.
, Rutilius Taurus ^Emilianus, Roman
writer, xvin. 188.
PATRICK, bishop in Ireland, xvin.
412.
PALLANTIA (Palencia), ancient town,
Spain, xvin. 168.
PALLANZA, town, Italy, xv. 198.
PALLAS, asteroid, n. 806.
, Peter Simon, German naturalist
and traveller, XVin. 188; on birds,
xvin. 8.
ATHENE, n. 830; owl of, xvin.
91.
PALLAS'S SAND-GROUSE, Irruptions of,
in. 770. See also xxi. 259.
PALLA VAS, dynasty, Mysore, India, xvn.
123.
PALLAVICINO, Ferrantc, Italian satirist,
xvni. 188.
, Sforza, cardinal, xvni. 189.
PALLENE, Mount, Macedonia, xv. 138.
PALLIATA, section of Mollusca, xvi.
655.
, Roman comedy, vn. 411.
PALLISER SHELL AND SHOT, i. 745.
PALLIUM, ecclesiastical dress, xvin.
189; vi. 461, 463.
, ancient cloak, vi. 453, 456;
xxm. 207.
PALM, tree, xvin. 189; as garden tree,
xn. 267; stem of, iv. 104; cocoa-nut,
of Ceylon, v. 363; sugar, XXII. 628;
Indian palms, xn. 748.
, Johann, German bookseller shot
by Napoleon, xvi I. 663.
, Johannes Henricus van der, Dutch
historian, xn. 97.
PALMA, island, Canaries, iv. 799.
, town, Majorca, Spain, xvni. 191;
church at, n. 433.
XXV. — 42
330
P A L — P A N
PALM A, Giovane, Italian painter, xvill.
192.
, Jacopo, Italian painter, XVIII. 191.
, Ricardo, Peruvian writer, xvill.
676.
CAMPANIA, town, Italy, xvill.
191.
— DI MONTECHIARO, town, Sicily,
xvni. 191.
PALMAROLA, ancient Palmaria, island,
Italy, xix. 460.
PALMARY SYNOD, at Rome, 6th century,
xix. 492.
PALMBLAD, Vilhelm Frederik, Swedish
writer, xxn. 757.
PALMELLA, Count of, Portuguese politi
cian, xix. 552.
PALMER, Edward Henry, English
Orientalist, xvill. 192.
, John, inventor of mail-coaches,
xix. 566.
, Ray, American hymn- writer, XII.
596.
, Samuel, English painter, XVIII.
192.
PALMERIN ROMANCES, xx. 656.
PALMERSTON, town, South Australia,
xxii. 284.
, Viscount, English statesman, xvni.
193; vni. 367.
PALMETTO STATE (South Carolina),
U.S.A., xxn. 286.
PALMISTRY, method of divination, vn.
293; punishment for, xxrv. 622.
PALMITIN, fatty substance, xvn. 740;
xxii. 202; xxm. 35.
PALM-KERNEL CAKE, xvn. 739.
PALM NUT, xvn. 664.
PALM OIL, xvn. 744.
PALM-OIL TREE, i. 269.
PALM SUNDAY, xvni. 198.
PALM-TREE WAX, xxiv. 459.
PALMYRA, ancient town, Syria, xvni.
198; commerce of, vi. 199.
PALMYRENE NUMERALS, xvn. 625.
PALNI, town, India, xv. 192.
- HILLS, India, xv. 184, 192.
PALOLO, edible annelid, n. 71; xix.
420.
PALOMINO DE CASTRO Y VELASCO,
Acisclo Antonio, Spanish painter and
writer, xvill. 203.
PALOS, district, Celebes, Indian Archi
pelago, v. 290.
PALOUSE COUNTRY, Washington Ter
ritory, U.S.A., xxiv. 386.
PALPA, town, Peru, xvni. 674.
PALPITATION, of the heart, XL 554.
PALSGRAVES, of the Rhine, xvni. 166.
PALSY, disease, xvni. 255.
PALUDAN-MULLER, Frederik, Danish
poet, xvni. 203; vn. 93.
PALUDICELLA, genus of Polyzoa, xix.
43o.
PALUDINA, genus of snails, xxn. 188.
PALUS MCEOTIS, or Sea of Azoff, Russia,
in. 169.
PALWAL, town, India, xvni. 203.
PAMAKASAN, town, Madura, Indian
Archipelago, xv. 193.
PAMALANG, town, Java, xm. 606.
PAMALI, Javanese taboo, xxin. 17.
PAMBAI, river, India, xxin. 525.
PAMBAM, town, India, xx. 266.
PAMELA, wife of Lord Edward Fitz
gerald, ix. 271.
-, Richardson's novel, XX. 543.
PAMIERS, town, France, xvni. 203.
PAMIR, plateau, Central Asia, n. 686;
xvni. 103; xxin. 633; lake, xvni.
103.
-, state, Asia, XL 82*3.
PAMISUS, river, Greece, xvi. 52.
PAMPAS, of the Argentine Republic, II.
487.
GRASS, xx. 319.
PAMPELUNA, or Pamplona, town, Spain,
xvni. 207.
PAMPERO, wind, South America, xvi.
149.
PAMPHILI, Giovanni Battista (Pope
Innocent X.), xm. 85.
PAMPHILUS, early Christian scholar,
xvni. 203.
, Greek painter, n. 363.
PAMPHLETS, xvni. 204; xvn. 413;
arrangement of, in libraries, XIV.
538.
PAMPHYLIA, region, Asia Minor, xvni.
206; coins of, xvn. 648.
PAMPLONA, town, Spain, xvni. 207.
PAN, Greek god, xvni. 207.
, Egyptian divinity, vn. 718.
•, or Betel-Leaf, Indian spice, XII.
748.
PAN^ETIUS, Stoic philosopher, xvni.
208; xxn. 571.
PANAMA, town, Central America, xvni.
208; isthmus, vi. 825.
CANAL, iv. 794; xvni. 209; Pater-
son's project of, xvni. 360.
HATS, xxn. 594.
- PEARL FISHERY, xvni. 447.
PANARIA, one of the Lipari Islands,
Mediterranean Sea, xiv. 683.
PANATHEN^EA, Athenian festival, xvill.
209; xxin. 294.
PANAX GINSENG, plant, x. 605.
PANAY, island, Philippines, xvni. 752.
PANCA TANTRA, or Panchatantra, San
skrit fables, vni. 837; xxi. 287.
PANCHARATAS, heretical sect of Brah-
mans, xxi. 291.
PANCHATANTRA, or Five Books, San
skrit fables, xxi. 287.
PANCHAYAT, Indian village council, xn.
772.
PANCH MAHALS, district, India, xvni.
210.
PANCHPIRI (Bazigars), tribe, India, in.
459-
PANCKOUCKE, Charles Joseph, French
journalist, xvn. 424 ; his Encyclo-
pe"die, vni. 202.
PANCRATIUM, Roman athletic sport, in.
12; x. 63.
PANCREAS, Anatomy of the, vn. 232-,
its function, xvn. 674.
PANCREATIC JUICE, xvn. 676.
PANCREATINE, ferment, ix. 96.
PANCSOVA, town, Hungary, xvni. 210.
PANDA, carnivorous mammal, xv. 441.
PANDALUS, genus of crustaceans, xxi.
846.
PANDAREUS, of Greek mythology,
xxin. 48.
PANDARUS, of Greek legend, xvni.
210.
PAN DE AZUCAR, copper-mines, Uru
guay, xxiv. 15.
PANDECTS, of Justinian, xm. 793; xx.
712.
PANDEGLANG, town, Java, xm. 606.
PANDER, Christian, his investigations
in embryology, vni. 165.
PANDERPUR, or Pandharpur, town,
India, xvni. 210; xxi. 832.
PANDION, genus of birds, xvm. 56.
PANDORA, of Greek mythology, xxiv.
782.
PANDRETHAN, India, Temple at, n.
397-
PANDUA, ancient town, India, x. 112,
US-
PANEL, in architecture, II. 468.
— PAINTING, xxin. 158.
PANE WORK, in architecture, n. 470.
PANGENESIS, Darwin's hypothesis, in.
690.
PANGOLIN, edentate mammal, xvni.
210; xv. 388.
PANHANDLE, district, West Virginia,
U.S.A., xxiv. 517.
PANHORMUS (Palermo), ancient town,
Sicily, xvni. 1 60.
PANICACE^E, group of grasses, XL 58.
PANICUM, genus of plants, xvi. 321.
PANIEFUL, Lake, on the Senegal,
Africa, xxi. 660.
PANINI, Sanskrit grammarian, XXI.
292.
PANIONIUM, PANIONIA, sanctuary and
festival, Asia Minor, xm. 205.
PANIPAT, town, India, xvni. 211;
battle of (1526), I. 239; battles of
(1526, 1556, 1761), xiv. 5.
PANIZZI, Sir Anthony, librarian, xvni.
2 1 1 ; his correspondence with Prosper
Merimde, xvi. 38.
PANJAB, or Punjab (q.v.), province,
India, XX. 106.
PANJAH, river, Central Asia, xvni.
103.
PANJHIR, valley, Hindu Rush, XL
839-
PANJIM (New Goa), town, India, x.
707.
PANKAS, Hindu sect, in. 671.
PANNA, state, India, xvni. 213.
PANNEMAKER, Stephane, Belgian wood
engraver, vni. 438.
P A N — P A R
331
PANNONIA, ancient Roman Danubian
province, xvm. 213.
PANOPOLIS (Eklimin), ancient town,
Egypt, vn. 794.
PANORAMA, pictorial representation,
xvm. 213.
PANSY, flower, xvm. 214; xn. 258;
xxiv. 241.
PANT^ENUS, Alexandrian Christian
teacher, xvm. 214.
PANTAGRUEL, of Eabelais, ix. 652; xx.
194, 196.
PANTALEON, Jacques (Pope Urban IV.),
xxiv. 8.
PANTALOON, of the pantomime, xvm.
215.
PANTANAW, town, Burmah, xxm.
33°-
PANTELLARIA, island, Mediterranean,
xvm. 214.
PANTHEISM, xxm. 234; of Brahmanism,
iv. 209; Persian, xvm. 658; Spinoza's,
xxn. 404.
PANTHEON, at Rome, xx. 828; archi
tecture of, ii. 416.
PANTHEON, at Paris, xvin. 276.
PANTHER, carnivorous mammal, XIV.
463; xv. 435; xx. 104.
PANTICAP/EON (Kertch), ancient town,
Russia, xiv. 52.
PANTICOSA, spa, Pyrenees, xvi. 433.
PANTILES, for roofing, iv. 463.
PANTIN, town, France, xxi. 624.
PANTISOCRACY, of Coleridge and
Southey, vi. 136; xxil. 290.
PANTOGRAPH, copying instrument,
xvm. 214; xxn. 721.
PANTOMIME, spectacular representation,
xvm. 215; in. 288; dances of, vi.
800 ; arrangements of theatre for,
xxm. 226; Roman, VII. 412.
PANTUNS, Malay poems, xv. 326.
PANURGE, of Rabelais, xx. 196.
PANURUS, genus of birds, xxm. 419.
PANVEL, town, India, xxm. 221.
PANYASIS, Greek poet, xvm. 216.
PANYPTILA, genus of birds, xxn. 761.
PAOLETTI, Ferdinando, Italian econo
mist, xix. 363.
PAOLI, Clemente, Corsican patriot, xvm.
217.
, Pasquale de, Corsican patriot,
xvill. 216; xvil. 193; Boswell's me
moirs of, iv. 78.
PAOLINO, Fra, Italian writer, xin.
501.
PAOLO SERVITA (Pietro Sarpi), Italian
divine, xxi. 311.
PAOU-TING Foo, town, China, v. 633.
PAPA, town, Hungary, xvm. 217.
PAPACY, The, xix. 487; xx. 783, 785,
791, 805; origin of temporal power of,
ix. 531; increase of its power under
Innocent III., xin. 83; in relation to
the Jesuits, xm. 648 ; at Avignon,
XIII. 476.
PAPPUS, Scythian deity, xxi. 576.
PAPAGOES, American-Indian tribe, xn.
333-
PAPAK, Persian prince, xvm. 607.
PAPAL BULL, iv. 519.
PAPAL DOCUMENTS, form of writing in,
xvm. 156.
PAPAL INFALLIBILITY, Declaration of
the dogma of, xvn. 754; XIX. 158;
Leo II. on, xiv. 449.
PAPAL STATES, Italy, xxn. 460.
PAPAR, river, North Borneo, xxi.
123.
PAPARESCI, Gregory (Pope Innocent
II.), xin. 82.
PAPA-STOUR, island, Shetland, Scotland,
xvil. 846.
PAPAVER, genus of plants, xvn. 231,
787; xix. 513.
PAPA-WESTRAY, island, Orkney, Scot
land, XVIL 846.
PAPE, bird, xvn. 534.
PAPEETE, town, Tahiti, xxm. 23.
PAPER, xvm. 217; invention of, IV. 38;
by the Chinese, v. 662 ; ancient use of,
xvm. 144; made at Mecca (706 A.D.),
II. 265 ; folding of, xxn. 461 ; for
lithographic printing, Xiv. 701 ; manu
facture of, xvm. 219; from esparto
grass, VIII. 547; bleaching of materials,
ill. 821; ruling of, xxn. 461; sizes of,
in book printing, XXIII. 700; for
walls, iv. 512; xm. 591; xvn. 38;
use of, in filtration, ix. 1 70.
CURRENCY, American (1862),
xxm. 775.
— HANGINGS, iv. 512; xvn. 38;
Japanese, xm. 591.
PAPER-MILDEW, xvi. 294.
PAPHLAGONIA, province, Asia Minor,
xvm. 227; coins of, xvil. 645.
PAPHOS, towns, Cyprus, xvm. 228; vi.
748; temple of, xxm. 167.
PAPI, Lazzaro, Italian historian, xm.
514.
PAPIANUS, T. Annius (Milo), Roman
partisan leader, xvi. 323.
PAPIAS, bishop of Phrygian Hierapolis,
xvm. 228; on the Gospels, x. 815,
820; his tradition as to Mark's Gospel,
ill. 643.
PAPIER MACHE, pressed paper pulp,
xvm. 228.
PAPILLOMATA, warts, xvm. 378.
PAPILLOTOS, Jasmin's poems, xm.
594-
PAPIN, Denis, French physicist, xvm.
228; inventor of a heat engine, xxn.
474; his improvements on the air-
pump, xix. 246.
PAPINIAN, Roman jurist, xvm. 229;
xm. 792.
PAPPENHEIM, Gottfried Heinrich, count
of, imperialist general, xvm. 229.
PAPPUS of Alexandria, Greek geometer,
xvm. 229; on Euclid's porisms, xix.
5 19; his theorems in mensuration, xvi.
28.
PAPUA, or New Guinea, island, xvil.
386; II. 687; birds of, in. 739.
PAPUAN LANGUAGES, xvm. 231, 780.
PAPUANS, race of people, m. 112; xn.
817; xvil. 387; of Polynesia, xix.
422.
PAPYROTYPE PROCESS, in photography,
xvm. 833.
PAPYRUS, plant, xvm. 231; i. 258; vn.
711; use of, for writing, xvm. 144,
162.
— ROLLS, iv. 37.
PARA, town, Brazil, xvm. 233.
PARABLE, in literature, vm. 837.
PARABOLA, in geometry, vi. 273; x.
398; mensuration of, xvi. 19; Archi
medes on the quadrature of, n. 381.
PARABOLOID, Mensuration of the, xvi.
27.
PARACAIMA MOUNTAINS, British Gui
ana, XL 249,
PARACELSUS, chemist and pathologist,
xvm. 234; xv. 808; on alchemy and
medicine, I. 465; on chemistry, V. 459;
his entia of disease, XVIII. 361;
mysticism of, xvil. 134; on surgery,
XXIL 676.
PARACHUTES, in aeronautics, i. 200, 201.
PARADISE, xvm. 236; i. 135; vm. 537;
Tintoretto's painting of, at Venice, xx.
610.
— , in architectiire, II. 469.
, Birds of, m. 778; xv. 504.
— LOST, Milton's, xvi. 336.
REGAINED, Milton's, xvi. 339.
PARADISO, Dante's poem, vi. 815.
PARADOXURE, carnivorous mammal,
xv. 436.
PAR^ETACENI (Karategin), ancient
country, Central Asia, xiv. 4.
PARAFFIN, mineral oil, xvm. 237, 715,
719; xvi. 429; ozocerite, xvm. 112;
candles made from, IV. 803; chemistry
of paraffins, v. 556.
PARAGONITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
PARAGUA, island, Philippines, xvm.
752.
PARAGUARI, town, Paraguay, xvm.
244.
PARAGUASU, river, Brazil, iv. 222.
PARAGUAY, country, South America,
xvm. 243; Indians of, I. 702; Jesuit
mission in, xm. 652; under Francia,
ix. 688.
, river, South America, iv. 222;
xix. 1 88.
TEA, or Mate", xv. 627; IV. 227.
PARAHYBA DO NORTE, or Paraiba,
town, Brazil, xvm. 245.
PARAKEET, bird, xvm. 321.
PARALACTIC ACID, xiv. 197.
PARALLAX, in astronomy, xvm. 245;
lunar, II. 775.
PARALLELEPIPEDS, in geometry, x. 387.
PARALLEL LIVES, Plutarch's, xix. 232.
PARALLELOGRAMS, Mensuration of, xvi.
332
P A E — P A R
PARALLEL PROJECTION, xix. 796.
PARALLELS, Theory of, xvm. 254.
, Magnetic, xv. 235.
PARALOI, Athenian political party, xix.
130.
PARALYSIS, disease, xvm. 255, 392.
PARAMAGNETIC BODIES, xv. 244, 262.
PARAMARIBO, town, Dutch Guiana,
xvin. 257; XL 251.
PARAMATTA, or Parramatta, town, New
South Wales, xvm. 321; observatory
at, xvn. 716.
PARAMERAS, Spanish plateaus, xxn.
294, 296.
PARAMETER, of a conic section, vi. 274;
of crystals, xvi. 352.
PARAMUSHIR, island, Kuriles, xiv. 160.
PARANA, river, South America, iv. 222;
xvm. 243; xix. 188.
PARANAHYBA, town, Brazil, xvin. 258;
river, iv. 222.
PARANGI, disease, in Ceylon, xxiv.
732-
PARANG LATOK, Malay weapon, xxn.
802.
PARA-NUT OIL, xvn. 746.
PARAPET, in architecture, II. 469; in
fortification, IX. 421, 425.
PARAPHERNALIA, Wife's, in law, xn.
401.
PARAPHRASES, Scripture, Scottish, xn.
593-
PARAPLEGIA, disease, xvin. 256.
PARASARA, Brahman laws, xxi. 288.
PARASIRA, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 670,
675-
PARASITES, Animal, xvin. 258; acari-
dian, II. 275; insect, xm. 142, 148;
vegetable, xvni. 264; Schizomycetes,
XXI. 399; diseases caused by, xv.
796; XVIII. 407; XXII. 123; in man,
xxin. 538 ; in domestic animals,
xxin. 539; xxiv. 205.
PARASITIC DISEASES, xvm. 269, 407.
PARASITIC MONSTERS, xvi. 766.
PARASITISM, xvm. 258.
PARASOL, or Sunshade, xxin. 722.
PARAUTOPTIC LOCK, xiv. 750.
PARAY-LE-MONIAL, village, France,
xxi. 302.
PARAZOA, or Sponges, xxn. 421.
PARC./E, the Fates, in Greek mythology,
ix. 49.
PARCEL POST, xix. 570.
PARCHMENT, xvm. 271; xiv. 390; iv.
37; origin of the word, xv. 143;
ancient use of, xvm. 144.
PARD, carnivorous mammal, xiv. 463.
PARDO, Negro or Indian half-breed,
XVII. 319.
, Felipe, Peruvian poet, xvm. 676.
, Manuel, president of Peru, xvm.
679.
PARDON, in law, xvm. 271.
PARDOVAN HOUSE, Linlithgowshire,
Scotland, xiv. 670.
PARDUBITZ, town, Bohemia, xvm. 272.
PAR£, Ambroise, French surgeon, XVIII.
272; xxn. 676.
PAREJA, Juan de, Spanish painter, xvm.
272.
PARENCHYMA, plant tissue, iv. 85; xn.
14.
PARENCHYMATOUS WORMS, xxm. 50.
PARENTAL CARE, in animals, xx. 410.
PARENT AND CHILD, in law, m. 426;
xm. i; xxiv. 641; in Roman law,
xx. 671, 706, 713.
PARENTIUM (Parenzo), ancient town,
Istria, xvm. 273.
PARENTUCELLI, Tommaso (Pope
Nicholas V.), xvn. 484.
PARENZO, town, Austria-Hungary,
xvm. 272; basilica at, in. 418.
PARESIS, disease, xvm. 256.
PAREUDIASTES, genus of birds, xvi.
808.
PARGA, town, Albania, Turkey, xvm.
273-
PARGANAS, Twenty-four, district, India,
xxin. 673.
PARGETTING, in architecture, n. 469.
PARHELIA, or Mock-Suns, XL 399.
PARIA, Gulf of, Trinidad, West Indies,
xxm. 573.
PARIAHS, or Out-castes, India, v. 189;
xv. 185.
PARIAN CEMENT, XL 351.
PARIAN CHRONICLE, xvm. 273 ; n.
671.
PARIAN MARBLE, xv. 528.
PARIANS, Greek people, xvm. 319.
PARI BAZAAR, town, Persia, xx. 285.
PARIGI, country, Celebes, Indian Archi
pelago, v. 290.
PARIKIA, town, Paros, Greek Archi
pelago, xvm. 319.
PARILLIN, principle in sarsaparilla root,
xxi. 313.
PARINA-COCHAS, lake, Peru, xvin.
673-
PARINI, Giuseppe, Italian poet and
satirist, xvm. 273; xm. 512.
PARIS, capital of France, xvm. 274;
capitulation of (1814), ix. 617; xvi I.
221; congress of (1856), VI. 271;
fortification of (1841), IX. 621; insur
rection of (1848), v. 259; peace of
(1763), ix. 591; peace of (1856), xxm.
651; siegeof (1870-71), ix. 627; xvm.
294; under Colbert, ix. 575; xmder
Louis XV., ix. 592; under Etienne
Marcel, IX. 546; abattoirs of, I. 6;
artesian wells, n. 645; Bastille, in.
430; bourse, xxn. 557; cemeteries,
v. 331; conservatoire musicale, vi.
292; institutions for the blind, in.
830; Institut National, xm. 160;
libraries, Xiv. 524, 546; Louvre
picture gallery, xxi. 445; Eubens's
pictures in the Louvre, xxi. 43 ;
newspapers, XVII. 424 ; Notre Dame,
sculptures in, xxi. 562 ; national
observatory, XVII. 712; Grand Opera
House, xxm. 225; sculptures, xxi.
564; the Sorbonne, xxn. 275; techni
cal schools, xxm. 108; photographic
telescope, xxm. 148 ; university,
xxm. 834, 846, 850 ; xvn. 205 ;
water-supply, n. 228.
PARIS, Declaration of (1856), vn. 21.
-, king of Troy, xvm. 295.
, Gaston, on the Roland legend, xx.
626.
, Matthew (or Matthew of Paris),
English historian, xv. 633; vm. 317,
409.
ET VlENNE, romance, xx. 658.
PARISH, administrative division, in
England, xvm. 295; vi. 513; in
Scotland, xvm. 297; xxi. 536; of
United States, xxm. 731.
PARISIANS, Lytton's novel, xv. 123.
PARISINA, of Byron's poem, xx. 556.
PARIS SKETCH BOOK, Thackeray's,
xxm. 214.
PARIUM, town, Mysia, Asia Minor, xvn.
122.
PARK, Mungo, African traveller, xvm.
297; I. 246; x. 188; xvn. 498.
PARKAR, Thar and, district, India,
xxm. 221.
PARKER, Sir Hyde, British admiral,
xx. 398.
, John, Lollard preacher, xiv. 8 1 1 .
, John Henry, English archaeologist,
XVIII. 298; on the Catacombs, v. 211.
, Matthew, archbishop of Canter
bury, xvm. 298.
-, Theodore, American preacher and
social reformer, xvm. 300; I. 729; his
influence on Unitarianism, xxm. 726.
-, William Kitchen, on birds, xvm.
33; on the biogenetic law of develop
ment, XX. 420.
PARKERS BURG, town, West Virginia,
U.S.A., xvm. 301.
PARKES, E. A., on the physiological
action of alcohol, I. 470; on the effects
of tobacco, xxm. 427.
, Mr, his experiments in drain
ing, I. 330.
PARKS, of the Rocky Mountain region,
U.S.A., vi. 161; xxm. 796.
PARKYNS, Mansfield, his account of
Abyssinia, I. 66.
PARLIAMENT, British, xvm. 302; ori
gin of, vm. 297, 314; development
of, XVI. 788; origin of prorogation of,
VIII. 336; Act of, I. 122; bill in, III.
673; law of elections, vm. 2; govern
ment by, XL 12; xix. 141; Houses of,
vm. 259; petition to, xvm. 704;
powers of, Vin. 322 ; precedence of
members, xix. 663 ; procedure in,
xvin. 311; registration of electors for,
XX. 344; reporting debates of, xx.
404; writs for summoning, xxiv. 697;
Prynne's views on, xx. 26; English,
its contention with Charles I., v.
405; English, of 1640, xx. 121; the
P A ft — P A S
333
Long, Cromwell in, vi. 598; of Oxford
(1258), xi. 659; in France, ix. 567; of
Paris (1788), IX. 596; of Provence, XIX.
878; the Irish, xm. 266, 270; Italian,
rise of, xm. 470, 472; of Poland, xix.
290; Scottish, XXI. 484, 502; union of
Scottish with English, XXI. 515.
PARLIAMENT, Houses of, London, xiv.
839-
PARLIAMENTARY REFORM, English,
vin. 364, 365, 367 ; Pitt's proposals
for, vni. 359; xix. 138; Act of 1832,
xxi. 64; Acts of 1867-68, xvni. 309;
Redistribution Act of 1885, XXIII.
727.
PARMA, town, Italy, xvin. 314; Cor-
reggio's works at, VI. 437; library,
Xiv. 530, 548; its school of painting,
xxi. 437, 443; pictures at, XXL 447;
sculptures in cathedral, xxi. 567.
PARMENIDES of Elea, Greek philo
sopher, xvin. 315: vni. i; Zeno's
discussion with, xxiv. 778.
, Plato's dialogue, xix. 206.
PARMENIO, Macedonian general, xvin.
317, 585 ; I. 482 ; conspiracy and
assassination of, I. 483.
PARMESAN CHEESE, v. 456; xm. 452;
xvi. 292.
PARMIGIANO (G. F. M. Mazzuoli), Italian
painter, xvin. 317; xxi. 437, 443.
PARNASSUS, mountain, Greece, xvni.
318, Soi; in. 58.
PARNELL, Henry Brook, Lord Congle-
ton, vi. 265.
, Thomas, Irish poet, xvm. 318.
PARNIANS, Parthian tribe, xvni. 588.
PARNON, mountain, Greece, xiv. 193.
PARNY, Evariste D. de Forges, Vicomte
de, French poet, xvm. 318.
PARO (Paros), island, JSgean Sea, xvm.
3i9-
PAROCHIAL RELIEF, xix. 471.
PARODY, xvm. 319.
PAROIKIA, town, Paros, Greek Archi
pelago, xvm. 319.
PARONAXIA, islands, ^Egean Sea, xvm.
3i9-
PAROPAMISUS, or Paropanisus, range of
mountains, Persia, II. 686 ; Greek
colonies in the country of the, xvm.
583.
PAROPANISAD.E, The, Parthian satrapy,
xvm. 586, 592.
PARORIUS, district, Phrygia, Asia
Minor, xvm. 852.
PAROS, island, ^Egean Sea, xvm. 319.
PAROTITIS, disease, xvn. 22.
PARQUETRY, mosaic flooring, xvm. 320.
PARR, fish, xvm. 320; xxi. 224.
, Catherine, wife of Henry VIII. of
England, vm. 337; XL 665.
, Samuel, English scholar, XVIII.
320.
, Thomas (Old Parr), his longevity,
xiv. 858.
PARRA, genus of birds, xm. 531.
PARRAMATTA, town, New South "Wales,
xvm. 321; observatory at, xvn. 716.
PARRET, river, England, xxn. 257.
PARRHASIANA, ana of Jean le Clerc, i.
785.
PARRHASIUS of Ephesus, Greek painter,
xvm. 321; ii. 363; xxiv. 783.
PARRIM:, family of birds, xm. 531.
PARROT, bird, xvm. 321 ; xm. 825;
xv. 7, 130; xvn. 354; naturalization
of, i. 84.
PARROT-FISHES, xvm. 324.
PARRUAH(Pandua), ancient town, India,
x. 112, 115.
PARRY, Sir William Edward, Arctic
navigator, xvm. 324; x. 192; xix.
3i9-
SOUND, district, Ontario, Canada,
xvii. 776.
PARSEES, Eastern race, xvm. 325;
their religion (Parsism), XX. 360; the
book of their religion, XXI v. 775.
PARSIFAL, Wagner's opera, xxiv. 316.
PARSIS, or Parsees (q.v.\ Eastern race,
xvm. 325.
PARSLEY, herb, xn. 289.
PARSNIP, vegetable, I. 369; xn. 285.
PARSON, in English law, xvni. 327.
PARSON-BIRD, xn. 139.
PARSONS, Robert, English Jesuit, xvm.
327-
, William, third earl of Rosse,
astronomer, XX. 855.
PARSONSTOWN, town, Ireland, xvm.
328.
PARTABGARH, district, Oudh, India,
xvm. 328.
, state, Rajputana, India, xvm.
328; xx. 260.
PARTANT POUR LA SYRIE, French
patriotic melody, XII. 210.
PARTHAMASPATES, Parthian king,
xvm. 604.
PARTHENIUS, Bithynian poet, xvm.
328.
, river, Paphlagonia, Asia Minor,
xvm. 227.
PARTHENOGENESIS, of insects, xn. 574;
xm. 146; of plants, xx. 427.
PARTHENON, temple at Athens, n. 410;
ill. 5; founded by Pericles, xvm.
529; architecture of, II. 405; sculp
tures of, n. 356; xvm. 734.
PARTHENOPE (Naples), ancient town,
Italy, xvii. 190.
PARTHENOPEAN REPUBLIC (1799), at
Naples, IX. 79.
PARTHIA, Kingdom of, Asia, xvm. 587,
592; capital of, vi. 677; Roman wars
with, xx. 766, 774, 777; coins of,
xvii. 659.
PARTHIAN LANGUAGE, xvm. 135.
PARTHOLAN, in Irish legend, xm. 243.
PARTHYENE, Parthian kingdom, xvm.
592-
PARTICLE, Physical, in mechanics, xv.
698, 702, 704.
PARTiCLES,Free, System of, in mechanics,
xv. 718.
PARTICULAR AVERAGE, in insurance,
xm. 187; m. 145.
PARTINICO, town, Sicily, xvm. 328.
PARTITION, in law, xvm. 328.
PARTNER, in law, xvm. 329.
PARTNERSHIP, in law, xvm. 329; in
public companies, VI. 221.
PART PAYMENT, in law, xvm. 440.
PARTRIDGE, bird, xvm. 332; American,
xx. 147.
PARTRIDGE'S ALMANAC, i. 591.
PARTRIDGE-SHOOTING, xxi. 834.
PART-SONGS, xvii. 84.
PARUS, genus of birds, xxm. 419.
PARVATI, Hindu deity, vm. 126.
PARVICE, in architecture, n. 469.
PARYSATIS, wife of Darius II. of Persia,
xvm. 575.
PARZIVAL, Wolfram's poem, x. 524;
xxiv. 632.
PASAMAN, mountain, Sumatra, xxn.
638.
PASARGAD^E, ancient town, Persia, xvm.
558; destruction of, by Alexander, I.
483-
PASCAL, Blaise, French man of science
and letters, xvm. 333; as a Christian
sceptic, xxi. 382; as satirist, xxi. 319;
on the Jesuits, xm. 650; his influ
ence on French literature, ix. 66 1; on
the equilibrium of fluids, XII. 435;
on indivisibles in mathematics, xm.
6; on mathematical probability, xix.
769.
— , Etienne, French lawyer, xvm.
333-
, Jacqueline, Port-Royalist, xvm.
333-
PASCAL'S THEOREM, in geometry, x.
397; xvm. 338.
PASCHA, or Easter, church festival, VII.
614.
PASCHAL L, pope, xvm. 338.
- II., pope, xvm. 339; xix. 499;
xx. 791.
— CHRONICLES, Byzantine, iv. 614.
— CONTROVERSY, vn. 614.
- LAMB, xvm. 343.
PASCHASIUS (Radbertus), abbot of Corbie,
xx. 210.
PASCO, or Cerro de Pasco, town, Peru,
v. 347-
PAS DE CALAIS, department, France,
xvm. 339.
PASEK, John Chrysostom, Polish writer,
xix. 302.
PASENG, Persian wild goat, x. 708.
PASHUPATI, town, Nepal, xvn. 342.
PASIG, river, Philippines, xv. 487.
PASIS, aboriginal tribe, India, xvm.
72.
PASIPHAE, wife of Minos, xvi. 478.
PASITELES, Roman sculptor, n. 365.
PASKEWITCH, Ivan Fedorovitch, Rus
sian general, xvm. 340; xxi. 101.
334
P A S — P A U
PASO ROBLES, spa, California, U.S.A.,
xvi. 436.
PASQUIER, Etienne, French lawyer and
litterateur, xvm. 340.
PASQUINADE, or Pasquil, lampoon,
xvm. 341.
PASQUIN STATUE, at Rome, xvm. 341.
PASSAGNO, Italy, Tomb of Canova at, v.
26.
PASSAIC, river, New Jersey, U.S.A.,
xvii. 396.
PASSAMAQUODDY BAY, New Bruns
wick, xvii. 373.
PASSAROWITZ, Servia, Peace of (1718),
xxiii. 646.
PASSAU, town, Bavaria, xvm. 341.
PASSAVANTI, Jacopo, Italian writer,
xm. 505.
PASSENGER-PIGEON, bird, xix. 85.
PASSER, genus of birds, XXII. 369.
PASSERAT, Jean, French poet, xvm.
342-
PASSERES, group of birds, xvm. 41, 47.
PASSERITA, genus of snakes, xxn. 195.
PASS EXAMINATIONS, vin. 781.
PASSIFLORA, genus of plants, xvm.
342; XL 46.
PASSIONATE SHEPHERD, Marlowe's
lyric, xv. 558.
PASSIONFLOWER, plant, xvm. 342; xi.
46; xvi. 844.
PASSION-PLAYS, vn. 412; of Oberam-
mergau, xvii. 703.
PASSIONS, Stoic doctrine of the, vill.
583; XXII. 567.
PASSION WEEK, xvm. 343; xn. 106.
PASSOVER, Jewish festival, xvm. 343,
511; institution of the Eucharist at,
xm. 668.
PASSPORT, or Safe Conduct, xvm. 344.
PAST, Psychological presentation of the,
xx. 64.
PASTASSA, river, South America, vn.
646.
PASTE, or Strass, in glass manufacture,
x. 664.
— , in pottery, XIX. 60 1.
PASTES, of wheat flour, Italian, xv. 125.
PASTEUR, Louis, his experiments in
cattle inoculation, xvii. 59; on fer
mentation, IX. 95; on minute organ
isms, xxi. 400; his experiments on
rabies, xx. 202; on diseases of silk
worm, xxn. 59.
PASTIL, or Crayon, for drawing, vi. 555.
PASTILE, in pyrotechny, xx. 136.
PASTILLE, perfume, xvm. 526.
PASTON LETTERS (1424-1506), xvni.
344-
PASTOR, genus of birds, XXII. 457.
yETERNUS, Vatican decree, xxiv.
112.
PASTORAL, in literature, xvni. 345.
— EPISTLES, of the New Testament,
xvm. 348.
- LETTER, of a bishop, xvm. 351.
LIFE, i. 414.
PASTOR FIDO, Guarini's drama, vn. 418;
xi. 237; xviii. 345.
PASTOR OF HERMAS, early Christian
work, II. 197.
PASTURAGE, grazing, i. 370.
PASTURE, under irrigation, Xlll. 368;
hill, improvement of, I. 402.
, Common of, in law, vi. 209.
PASUMAHS, tribe, Sumatra, xxn. 640.
PASUPATAS, Hindu sect, xxi. 291.
PASURUAN, town, Java, xm. 606.
PASVIK ELV, river, Norway, xvii. 576.
PATAGONIA, region, South America,
xvm. 352; exploration of, by Magel
lan, xv. 198; birds of, in. 745;
Indian tribes, I. 702; xil. 829.
PATAGONIANS, of Chili, v. 619.
PATAH-HOTEP, Egyptian prince, xxiii.
238.
PATAN, town, Nepal, xvii. 342.
PATANI, district, Malay Peninsula, xv.
322.
PATANJALI, Sanskrit commentator, xxi.
292.
PATAPSCO, river, Maryland, U.S.A., xv.
603.
PATARA, town, Asia Minor, xv. 93.
PATARENES, or Patareni, Italian sect,
xvm. 354, 434; ix. 333; xxiv. 323.
PATAVIUM (Padua), ancient town, Italy,
xvni. 131.
PAT£ DE FOIE GRAS, xxn. 589.
PATELLA, Anatomy of the, i. 829.
-, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 645.
PATENTS, xvni. 354; their origin in
monopolies, xvi. 757; laws relating to,
xvni. 356.
PATERA, ancient dish, xix. 181.
PATERCULUS, Marcus Velleius, Eoman
historian, xvni. 358.
PATERFAMILIAS, in Roman law, xx.
671, 713.
PATERINES, or Patarenes (q.v.), Italian
sect, xvni. 354.
PATERNITY, in medical jurisprudence,
xv. 779.
PATERNO, town, Sicily, xvni. 359.
PATERNOSTER, island, Russia, xiv.
723-
PATERSON, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.,
xvni. 359.
, James, inventor of machine netting,
XVII. 359.
-, William, English financier, XVIII.
359; projector of Bank of England,
in. 316.
PATH AN DYNASTY, in Bengal, India,
in. 569.
PATHANS, tribe, India, xn. 746; xv.
185; xvni. 684; in Afghanistan, I.
234-
PATHOLOGY, xvni. 361 (index, 407); in
relation to medicine, xv. 794; com
parative, xxiv. 200; Cullen's classifi
cation of, VI. 695; Morgagni's contri
butions to, xvi. 822; Rokitausky's,
XX. 624.
PATIALA, state, India, xvni. 408.
PATIENT GRIZEL, romance, xx. 659.
PATIMOKKHA, Buddhist book, iv. 434.
PATINO (Patinos), island, /Egean Sea,
xvm. 408.
, Joseph, Spanish minister, xxn.
338.
PATKUL, John Reginald, executed by
Charles XIL, v. 420.
PATMOS, island, ^Egean Sea, xvni. 408.
PATNA, district, Bengal, India, xvni.
408.
, town, Bengal, India, xvi 1 1. 409;
massacre of (1763), xn. 802.
, state, Central Provinces, India,
xvni. 409.
PATOS, island, West Indies, xxin. 573.
PATRAS, or Patoe, town, Greece, xvni.
409.
-, Lambert, French sculptor, XXI.
564.
PATRIA POTESTAS, in Roman law, xx.
671.
PATRIARCH, xvni. 410; of Greek
Church, in. 788; xi. 154.
PATRIARCHA, Filmer's work, ix. 166.
PATRIARCHS, Testaments of the Twelve,
ii. 1 80.
PATRICIAN, Roman, xvni. 411; xvn.
525; XX. 732, 736; in Roman law,
xx. 669.
PATRICK, St, apostle of Ireland, xvni.
411; xm. 248; in Scotland, xxi. 474.
, St, Order of, Xiv. 124.
-, Simon, bishop of Ely, xvni. 412;
hymns by, xn. 592.
PATRIK PEALE (G. A. Seckendorf),
German writer, XXI. 616.
PATRIPASSIANISM, early Christian doc
trine, xm. 671; xvi. 719; xxi. 127.
PATROCLUS, Greek hero, I. 95.
PATRONAGE, Church, i. 179; in. 559;
in Scottish Church, IX. 743; xix. 685;
xxi. 519, 536, 539.
PATRON AND CLIENT, in Roman law,
xvni. 412; xx. 669.
PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY, political
society, U.S.A., xxin. 786.
PATRONYMICS, family names, xvn.
169.
PATTEN, Margaret, her longevity, xiv.
Q i-Q
o5<J.
PATTESON, John Coleridge, missionary
bishop of Melanesia, xvm. 414; xxn.
143-
PATTIDARI, land tenure, India, xvn.
573-
PATTINSON'S PROCESS, of lead -smelting,
xiv. 377.
PATUXENT, river, Maryland, U.S.A.,
xv. 603.
PAU, town, France, xvni. 414.
PAUCHONTEE, resinous substance, xi.
339-
PAUL, St, the apostle, xvni. 415; his
Epistles, in. 642; xvni. 348; his
Christology, xvni. 747; his testimony
P A U — P E A
335
to Jesus Christ, Xin. 659; his relations
with the Jewish Church at Rome, xx.
728.
PAUL, Apocalypse of, n. 179.
I., pope, xvin. 430.
II., pope, xvin. 430; xx. 559,
806.
- III., pope, xvm. 430; xni. 482;
xix. 504; summons the council of
Trent, XXIII. 545; favours the Jesuits,
xin. 652.
IV., pope, xvm. 431; XIII. 482;
xix. 504; his relation to council of
Trent, xxm. 547.
-V., pope, xvm. 431; xm. 483;
xix. 505 ; lays Venice under interdict,
xxiv. 146; his opposition to Father
Sarpi, xxi. 311.
, czar of Russia, xvin. 431; xxi.
100.
— , Prince Eszterhazy de Galanta,
Austrian field-marshal, vin. 564.
— , early Christian ascetic, xvi. 699.
— , Father (Sarpi), Italian divine,
xxi. 311; xvin. 431; xix. 505.
, the Abbot, Syriac writer, xxn.
838.
of Callinicus, Syriac writer, xxn.
834.
, the Deacon, or Paulus Diaconus,
historian, xvin. 436; XII. 125.
of the Holy Faith (Han-Siro), a
Japanese exile, xxiv. 717.
, the Persian, Syriac Avriter, xxn.
837.
of Samosata, bishop of Antioch,
xvin. 429; xvi. 719.
— of Telia, Syriac writer, XXII. 825.
ANTHONY, Prince Eszterhazy de
Galanta, Austrian diplomatist, vin.
564.
— AND VIRGINIA, Saint-Pierre's tale,
xxi. 196.
PAULDING, James Kirke, American
politician and writer, xvin. 432; I.
725.
PAULET, Sir Amyas, keeper of Mary,
queen of Scots, XV. 600; his relations
with Wolsey, xxiv. 634.
PAULGAUT, town, India, xvm. 182.
PAULI, Reinhold, German historian,
XVIII. 432.
— , Simon, German anatomist, I. 811.
PAULICIANS, religious sect, xvm. 433;
i. 454; xx. 321.
PAULINISM, versus Petrinism, Baur's
views on, in. 449, 644.
PAULINUS, St, bishop of Nola, xvm.
434-
, early Christian missionary in
Northumbria, vil. 691; XVII. 569.
— , Syriac writer, xxn. 828.
PAULITE, mineral, xvi. 415.
PAULLUS, or Paulus, Lucius JSmilius,
Roman general, xvin. 435.
PAULONUS, or Paulinus, Syriac writer,
xxn. 828.
PAULUS, Heinrich Eberhard Gottlob,
German theologian, xvin. 435 ; xx.
290; on the life of Jesus, Xin. 672.
, Julius, Roman jurist, XI n. 793;
xx. 711.
, Lucius ^Emilius, Roman general,
xvin. 435.
yEciNETA, Byzantine physician,
XV. 804; on surgery, xxn. 675.
DlACONUS, historian of the Lom
bards, xvm. 436; his Homiliarium,
XII. 125.
PAUMBEN PASSAGE, channel, Ceylon,
v. 359; proposed canal at, IV. 792.
PAUPERISM, xix. 462; Robert Owen
on, xvm. 88; Rodbertus on, xx.
616.
PAUROPUS, genus of Myriapoda, xvn.
119.
PAUSANIAS, Greek writer, xvin. 437;
his description of Athens, III. 9; on
the Mysteries, xvn. 128.
, Spartan general, xvm. 436; XI.
100.
PAUSILYPUS (Posillipo), near Naples,
burial-place of Virgil, XVIL 188.
PAVEMENT, xx. 584; of asphalt, n. 716;
of encaustic tiles, vill. 187; Minton's,
iv. 283; mosaic, xvi. 850; Assyrian,
II. 398. See also Paving.
PAVIA, town, Italy, xvm. 438; as Lom
bard capital of Italy, xin. 467; anti
pathy of, to Milan, xm. 469; battle of
(1525), ix. 556; xm. 482; bridge at,
iv. 331; Certosa of, xxi. 569; xxm.
194; church of San Michele, II. 435;
sculpture in, XXI. 568 ; university,
xxm. 836.
PAVILLIARD, Gibbon's tutor, x. 575.
PAVING, in bricks and tiles, iv. 466;
XXin. 389; in stone, IV. 473.
- TILES, xxm. 389; iv. 466.
PAVLODAR, town, Russia in Asia, xxi.
639-
PAVLOGRAD, town, Russia, xvm. 439.
PAVLOVSK, town, Russia, xxi. 190, 194;
xxiv. 298.
PAVO, genus of birds, xvin. 443.
PAWN, in law, xix. 220.
PAWNBROKING, xm. 188; xix. 220.
PAWNEES, American Indians, xn. 827,
832-
PAWTUCKET, town, Rhode Island,
U.S.A., xvm. 439; xx. 524.
PAXO, or Paxos, Ionian Island, Greece,
xvin. 439; xm. 205.
PAX ROM ANA, xxm. 591.
PAXTON, Sir Joseph, English architect,
xvm. 440.
PAY, in British army, II. 576; in navy,
xvn. 297.
PAYE, Sotith-American sorcerer, xv.
200.
PAYER, Julius, Austrian Arctic explorer,
xix. 323.
PAYMASTER, Naval, XVIL 294.
PAYMENT, in law, xvm. 440.
PAYNE, John Howard, American poet,
i. 722.
, Roger, on bookbinding, iv. 42.
PAYSANDU, town, Uruguay, xvm. 441;
xxiv. 15.
PAYS-BAS, or Holland (q.v.), xn. 59.
PAYS D'ETATS, outlying districts of
France, IX. 567.
PAYS DE VAUD, district, Switzerland,
xxiv. 115.
PAYTA, town, Peru, xvm. 441, 674.
PAZAND, Persian form of writing, xvm.
135-
PAZZI, Florentine family, xv. 785.
PEA, plant, xvm. 441; xn. 285; Egyp
tian pea, or chickpea, XL 36.
PEABODY, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
xvm. 441.
, George, American philanthropist,
xvm. 442.
ACADEMY, Salem, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., xxi. 210.
INSTITUTE, Baltimore, U.S.A., in.
298; xv. 604.
PEACE, The, Aristophanes's play, n.
509.
, International, Xin. 197.
, Justice of the, xm. 789.
, Quarter Sessions of the, law court,
XX. 159,
OF MUNSTER, Heist's picture, XI.
641.
PEACH, tree and fruit, xvm. 442; xn.
272; peach -house, xn. 224.
PEACHAM, Edmund, his trial for
treason, in. 205.
PEACH-KERNEL OIL, xvn. 744.
PEACOCK, bird, xvm. 443.
, George, English mathematician,
xvm. 443.
, Thomas Love, English novelist,
xvm. 444.
PEA-FOWL, xvm. 443; xix. 647.
PEA NUT, XL 221.
PEAR, tree and fruit, xvm. 445; xn.
274 ; manufacture of perry from,
xvm. 557.
PEARL, xvm. 446; in mussels, xvn.
no; fisheries, in Arabia, II. 245; ill.
240; Ceylon fisheries, v. 364.
, river, Louisiana, U.S.A., xv. 20.
— ISLANDS, South Pacific, xxm. 602.
MOSQUE, Agra, India, I. 286.
— OYSTERS, of Ceylon, v. 364.
PEARLSTONE, mineral, x. 234.
PEARSALL, Robert Lucas, English
musical composer, XV. 192.
PEARSON, John, his experiments in
vaccination, xm. 623.
-, John, bishop of Chester, xvm.
448.
PEASANT PROPRIETORS, i. 414.
PEASANTS' REVOLT, in England (1381),
xx. 541.
PEASANTS' WAR, in Germany (1525), i.
786; xv. 78; Miinzer's connexion with,
xvn. 32.
336
P E A — P E L
PEASE, Cultivation of, I. 361.
PEASEWEEP, bird, xiv. 308.
PEASTONE, mineral, xvi. 397.
PEAT, x. 238; as fuel, ix. 808; for blast
furnaces, xin. 292 ; for gas-making,
x. 101; in Ireland, xin. 217; charred,
as manure, I. 352.
, Sir Robert, lord prior of English
Knights of St John, xxi. 175.
PEAT-CHARCOAL, v. 399.
PEAUCELLIER CELL, in mechanics, xv.
698.
PEBA ARMADILLO, edentate mammal,
xv. 388.
PEBBLE, Scotch, i. 277.
PEBRINE, disease of silkworm, xxn.
59-
PECAN NUT, xvn. 664.
PECAN-TREE, of United States, xxm.
808.
PECCARY, ungulate mammal, xvill. 449;
xv. 430; xxii. 775.
PECH, Henrietta, Bohemian poetess,
xxii. 152.
PECHABURI, town, Siam, xxi. 853;
river, xxi. 850.
PECHELL, John, vice-chancellor of Cam
bridge university, xvil. 444.
PECHORSKY MONASTERY, Nijni, Russia,
xvn. 501.
PECOCK, Reynold, bishop of Chichester,
vill. 411; writer against the Lollards,
xiv. 812.
PECORA, division of Mammalia, xv. 421,
430-
PECOS, river, New Mexico and Texas,
U.S.A., xvn. 400; xxm. 203.
PECQUET, Jean, French anatomist, i.
811.
PECS (Fiinfkirchen), town, Hungary, IX.
827; xxm. 840.
PECTIN, gummy principle in fruit, XIII.
564.
PECTINARIA, genus of Annelida, n.
68.
PECTOLITE, mineral, xvi. 420.
PECTOSE, principle in fruit, xin. 564.
PECULIUM CASTRENSE, in Roman law,
xx. 706, 713.
PEDAL, of organ, xvn. 833, 837.
PEDALION, genus of Rotifera, xxi. 5.
PEDER PAARS, Holberg's epic poem,
xn. 56.
PEDERSEN, Christian, Danish writer,
vii. 90.
PEBESTRIANISM, in. 12, 13; xxi. 61.
PEDETES, genus of rodent mammals,
xin. 626.
PEDICELLINA, genus of Polyzoa, xix.
438.
PEDICULUS, genus of animal parasites,
xv. 24.
PEDIEIS, Athenian political party, xix.
130.
PEDILAVIUM, feet-washing by prelates,
xv. 635.
PEDIMENT, in architecture, n. 469.
PEDIONOMUS, genus of birds, xx. 147.
PEDOMETER, for measuring distance,
xvin. 449.
PEDRO I., king of Aragon, XVIII. 450;
xxii. 317; his relations with Sicily,
xxii. 28.
- II., of Aragon, xvill. 450.
— III., of Aragon, xvill. 450; XXII.
322.
IV., of Aragon, xvill. 450; XXII.
323-
, Dom, emperor of Brazil, IV. 233.
I., king of Castile and Leon, xvin.
450; xxn. 320.
— I., king of Portugal, XVIII. 451;
xix. 543.
— II., of Portugal, xix. 549.
- III., of Portugal, Xix. 550.
— IV., of Portugal, xix. 552.
V., of Portugal, xix. 553.
PEDUNCLES, Cerebral, xix. 37.
-, of plants, iv. 121.
PEEBLES, county, Scotland, xvin. 451;
area and population, xxi. 528; re
presentation, xxm. 727; town, xvin.
452.
PEEKSKILL, town, New York, U.S.A.,
xvin. 452.
PEEL, town, Isle of Man, xv. 453.
, Sir Robert, father of the states
man, xvin. 453.
, Sir Robert, British statesman,
xvin. 452 ; vin. 365 ; his financial
reforms, IX. 189; his Bank Act of
1844, in. 323; his Police Act, xix.
338.
PEELE, George, English poet and drama
tist, xvin. 457; vii. 429; xxi. 762.
PEELERS, or Police, xix. 339.
PEERAGE, British, xvin. 458, 306; vin.
322; xvn. 524, 529; genealogy of, x.
145; precedence in, xix. 661; robes
of, vi. 476.
•, French, xxi. 198.
PEERESSES, English, xvin. 467.
PEERS, House of, England, xvin. 310.
, Twelve, of France, xvin. 468.
PEETWEET, bird, xxi. 260.
PEEWIT, bird, xiv. 308.
PEGANITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
PEGASUS, of Greek mythology, xvin.
; III. 546.
PEGGY WHITETHROAT, bird, xxiv.
553-
PEGMATITE, rock, XL 49.
PEGNITZSCHAFER, German literary
society, x. 530, 531.
PEGOLOTTI, Francesco Balducci, on
early trade with China, v. 629.
PEGU, town, British Burmah, XVIII.
468; pagoda at, n. 397.
— YOMAS, mountains, Burmah, XXIII.
486.
PEGWELL BAY, Kent, England, xx.
268.
PEG WOFFINGTON, ' Reade's novel, xx.
303-
PEHLEVI, or Pahlavi, language of the
Zend Avesta, xvin. 134, 655.
PEIHAI, town, China, xvin. 141.
PEIHO, river, China, v. 632.
PEINE FORTE ET DURE, torture, xxm.
465.
PEIPUS, Lake, Russia, xx. 35; xxi. 73.
PEIRCE, Benjamin, American mathe
matician, xvin. 468.
PEIRE VIDAL, Provencal poet, xix.
874-
PEKALONGAN, town, Java, xin. 606.
PEKAN, carnivorous mammal, xv. 577.
PEKEA BUTTER, xvn. 744.
PEKEA NUT, xvn. 664.
PEKING, or Pekin, capital of China,
xvill. 469; founding of, by Kublai
Khan, xiv. 151; formerly Cambaluc,
IV. 722; newspapers of, xvn. 432; ob
servatory, xvn. 716; temple of heaven
at, n. 449.
PEKOE TEA, xxm. 99.
PE LA, Chinese insect wax, xxiv. 459.
PELAGIA, St, of Antioch, xvin. 470.
PELAGI'ANISM, theological doctrine, XL
737; xin. 567; xvin. 472; xix. 669;
Augustine's attitude towards, in. 77.
PELAGIUS, early Cliristian teacher, xvin.
471.
- I., pope, xvin. 473; xix. 493.
- II., pope, xvin. 473.
PELAGONiA(Monastir), plain, Macedonia,
xv. 136.
PELAMIS, genus of snakes, xxn. 197.
PELARGOMORPH^E, group of birds, in.
PELARGONIC ACID, xvn. 731.
PELARGONIUM, plant, X. 439 ; XII.
263.
PELASGI, or Pelasgians, ancient people
of Greece and Italy, vn. 366; XL 90;
xin. 444.
PELASGIC, PELASGIAN, in archeology,
n. 346.
PELASGIOTIS, district, Thessaly, xxm.
299.
PELAYO, Marcelino Menendez, Spanish
writer, xxn. 362.
PELECANUS, genus of birds, xvin. 474.
PELEE, Mont, Martinique, West Indies,
xv. 585.
PELEW ISLANDS, Western Pacific, xvin.
474; v. 125; xvi. 257.
PELHAM, Lytton's novel, xv. 121.
, Sir Henry, English statesman,
xvin. 474; vin. 355.
, Thomas, duke of Newcastle, xvn.
380.
PELIADES, daughters of Pelias, xvin.
474-
PELIAS, of Greek legend, xvin. 474.
PELICAN, bird, xvin. 474.
ISLAND, Montgomery's poem, xvi.
790.
PELIGNI, ancient tribe, Italy, xin. 444;
xxi. 128.
PELIOM, mineral, xvi. 418.
L — P E N
337
PELION, mountain, Thessaly, Greece,
xxin. 298.
PELISSIER, Jean Jacques Amable, mar
shal of France, xvm. 475; in Algeria,
I. 568.
PELL, John, English mathematician,
xvin. 475.
PELLA, town, Macedonia, xv. 137.
PELLAGRA, disease, xvm. 476, 407.
PELLENC, Mirabeau's secretary, xvi.
497-
PELLEW, Edward, Viscount Exmouth,
viii. 805.
- ISLANDS, Pacific Ocean, xvm. 474;
v. 125; xvi. 257.
PELLICANUS, Conrad, German theolo
gian and scholar, xvm. 477.
PELLICO, Silvio, Italian dramatist and
patriot, xvm. 478; IV. 399; VII. 417;
XIII. 486.
PELLOUTIER, Simon, historian of the
Druids, VII. 478.
PELOMEDUSID/E, family of chelonian
reptiles, XXIII. 457.
PKLOPIDAS, Theban general, xvm. 479.
PELOPION, at Olympia, Greece, xvn.
768.
PELOPONNESIAN WAR, XL 102; xvm.
533; Thucydides's history of, xxill.
325-
PELOPONNESUS, division of ancient
Greece, xi. 93.
PELOPS, in Greek mythology, xvm.
480; xvii. 731.
PELORITAN MOUNTAINS, Sicily, xxn.
29.
PELOTONS, variety of mohair, xvi. 544.
PELOUZE, Theophile Jules, French
chemist, xvm. 480.
PELTIER, Jean Charles Athanase, French
scientist, xvin. 480.
, Jean Gabriel, Mackintosh's defence
of, xv. 1 60.
EFFECT, in electricity, vin. 57;
xvin. 481.
PELTRY, furs, ix. 836.
PELUSIUM, ancient town, Egypt, xvin.
481.
PELVIC GIRDLE, of mammals, xv. 360.
PELVIS, in man, I. 829; of birds, in.
722.
PEMBA, island, East Africa, xxiv. 768.
PEMBERTON, town, England, xvin.
481.
, Captain, British envoy to Bhutan,
in. 632.
PEMBROKE, county, Wales, xvin. 481;
representation, xxill. 727.
— , town, Wales, xvm. 483; dockyard
of, vil. 315, 318.
COLLEGE, Cambridge, iv. 731.
— COLLEGE, Oxford, xvm. 97.
PEMPHIGUS, skin disease, xxn. 123.
PEN, for writing, xvm. 483.
PENA DE FRANCIA, Sierra de, Spain,
xxi. 203.
PENALARA, mountain, Spain, xxi. 623.
PENAL LAWS, xxn. 469; in Ireland,
xin. 269.
PENALOSA, American explorer, xiv.
3i9-
PENAL SERVITUDE, xix. 752, 756.
PENANCE, xvm. 484.
PENANG, island and town, Malay Penin
sula, xix. 741; xxii. 586.
PENA PRIETA, mountain, Spain, xxn.
294.
PENARTH, town, Wales, xvm. 488.
PENAS, Gulf of, Patagonia, xvm. 352.
PENATES, Roman household gods, xvm.
488. See also xiv. 313.
PENAUD, on flying machines, ix. 320,
321.
PENCIL, xvm. 489; crayon, vi. 555.
BLUE, for calico-printing, IV. 690.
PENCILS, of rays of light, xvn. 779, 803.
PENDA, king of Mercia, England, xvn.
569.
PENDENIS (St Ives), town, England, xxi.
172.
PENDENNIS, Thackeray's novel, xxm.
215.
PENDENT, in architecture, n. 469.
PENDJAKENT, town, Russian Turkestan,
xxiv. 782.
PENDLEBURY, town, England, xxn.
775-
PENDULUM, in mechanics, xv. 05,
711, 718, 734; n. 754, 755; revolving,
xv. 768; used for determining figure
of the earth, vn. 608; absolute unit
force determined by means of, XV. 699;
of a clock, vi. 14.
PENEIUS, river, Thessaly, Greece, xxm.
298.
PENELOPE, wife of Ulysses, xvm. 490;
xvn. 729.
•, mother of Pan, in Greek mytho
logy, xvm. 208.
PENELOPIN^E, subfamily of birds, XL
232.
PENGUIN, bird, xvm. 491; in. 735.
PENGWERNE (Shrewsbury), ancient
town, England, xxi. 845.
PENIBETICA, Sierra, mountains, Spain,
xxn. 294.
PENIKESE, marine zoology station,
U.S.A., I. 277.
PENINSULAR WAR, between England
and France, vm. 364; IX. 616; Xix.
551; Castlereagh's support of, xiv.
854; Napier's History of, xvn. 186.
PENITENTIAL DISCIPLINE, in ancient
church, XII. 846.
PENITENTIARIES, or Houses of Deten
tion, xix. 748.
PENITENTS, in the Eastern Church,
xvm. 486.
PENN, William, English admiral, xvm.
492.
, William, founder of Pennsylvania,
xvm. 492, 740; his relations to Mary
land, xv. 605; his promotion of
Quakerism, XX. 152.
PENNA, Monte, mountain, Italy, xm.
437-
PENNAIR, river, India, xvii. 123, 320.
PENNANT, Thomas, Welsh naturalist
and antiquary, xvm. 498; xxiv. 806;
on birds, xvm. 7, 9.
PENNI, Gianfrancesco, Italian painter,
xvm. 498.
PENNILLION SINGING, vn. 792.
PENNINE, mineral, xvi. 414.
— ALPS, i. 625.
PENNONS, Military, ix. 276.
PENNSYLVANIA, State, U.S.A., xvm.
498 ; founding of, by Quakers, XX. 1 52 ;
Penn's settlement of, xvm. 495;
colony of, xxm. 730; newspapers,
xvn. 434; university, xvm. 739;
xxm. 857.
PENNY, English coin, xvn. 656.
•, Captain, Arctic explorer, xix. 321.
- BANKS, xxi. 329.
CYCLOPAEDIA, vm. 204; xiv.
856.
POSTAGE, First proposals of, xix.
564; Rowland Hill's institution of,
XL 818.
PENNYROYAL, herb, xn. 289.
PENOBSCOT, river, Maine, U.S.A., xv.
298.
PENRITH, town, England, xvm. 504.
PENRYN, town, England, vi. 427; ix.
17-
PENSACOLA, town, Florida, U.S.A.,
xvm. 504.
PENSEES, Pascal's work, xvm. 335.
PENSHURST CASTLE, Kent, England,
xiv. 40.
PENSIONARY, president of states-general
of Holland, xn. 73.
PENSIONS, Military, of British army, n.
578.
PENTAGRAM, Use of, in magic, xv.
203.
PENTAIL, insectivorous mammal, xv.
402.
PENTAMERA, group of insects, vi. 129;
xm. 148.
PENTAMERID/E, family of Brachiopoda,
iv. 195.
PENTAPOLIS, ancient district, North
Africa, VI. 750; xiv. 552.
, or Lesbos (q.v.), island, ^Egean Sea,
xiv. 474.
- MARITIMA, ancient district, Italy,
xvm. 684.
PENTASTOMIDES, family of Arachnida,
n. 275.
PENTATEUCH, Books of Scripture, xvin.
505; xm. 418; composition of, in.
637; Philo on, xvm. 762; the Samari
tan, xxi. 245; Morin's edition of the
Samaritan, xvi. 825; Targums of,
xxm. 62.
PENTATHIONIC ACID, v. 507.
PENTECOST, Jewish festival, xvm. 514,
511; xxiv. 555.
PENTELIC MARBLE, xv. 528.
XXV. - 43
338
p E N — P E R
PENTELICUS, Mount, Greece, in. 59,
60.
PENTHEUS, king of Thebes, vn. 249.
PENTLAND FIRTH, Scotland, iv. 647;
xxiv. 541.
PENTLAND HILLS, Scotland, vn. 656.
PENTLANDITE, mineral, xvi. 392.
PENTRI, Samnite tribe, Italy, xxi. 248.
PENTSTEMON, plant, xn. 258.
PENUMBRA, in optics, xiv. 581.
PENYGHENT, mountain, England, xxiv.
746.
PENZA, government, Russia, xvni. 514;
xxi. 69; town, xvin. 515.
PENZANCE, town, England, XVlll. 515.
PENZHINA, Bay of, Eastern Siberia, xv.
547-
PEONY, or Pseony, plant, xvm. 132;
xn. 257.
PEOPLE'S CHARTER, The, v. 434.
PEORIA, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xvin.
5i5-
PEPI, Pyramid of, Egypt, XX. 123.
PEPIN, or Pippin (q.v.), Carlovingian
kings, xix. 114; ix. 530, 531.
PEPLOS, or Peplum, Greek article of
dress, vi. 453; for statues of deities,
xxiil. 207.
PEPPER, spice, xvin. 516; adulteration
of, I. 172; cayenne, v. 280.
AND To BIN, their spectral illusions,
xv. 207.
PEPPERMINT, plant, xvni. 517; xvi.
491.
PEPPER TREE, xvm. 519.
PEPSIN, or Pepsine, alimentary juice,
ix. 96; xvii. 671.
PEPYS, Samuel, English diarist, xvin.
519; as secretary to British Admiralty,
xvii. 282.
PEQUODS, American-Indian tribe, XII.
831-
PERA, quarter of Constantinople, vi. 306.
PER^EA, or Gilead, district of Syria, X.
595-
PERAK, district, Malay Peninsula, xxn.
587; XV. 322; river, XV. 321.
PERAKIM, divisions of the Mishnah,
xvi. 505.
PERALTA Y BARNUEVO, P. de, Spanish
Peruvian writer, xvin. 675.
PERAMBUR, suburb of Madras, India,
xv. 1 88.
PERAMELID^E, family of marsupial
mammals, xv. 381.
PERAT^E, Gnostic sect, x. 703.
PERATHERIUM, fossil opossum, xvii.
796.
PERCA, genus of fishes, xvin. 521.
PERCEFOREST, romance, xx. 648.
PERCEPTION, in psychology, xx. 51
faculties of, XVlli.845; Collier's theory
of, VI. 144; Democritus's, vil. 60
Hamilton's, XI. 418; Jacobi's, xiu
537; Kant on, XIII. 851; Leibnitz on
xiv. 421; Locke on, xiv. 758; Stoic
theory of, XXII. 565.
ERCEPTION, Visual, Psychical relations
of, vin. 826.
^ERCEVAL, romance, xx. 646.
— , Amand Pierre Caussin de, French
Orientalist, xvni. 521.
, Spencer, English statesman, xvm.
521 ; vill. 364.
PERCH, fish, xvin. 521; xn. 688;
angling for, 1 1. 44.
PERCHE, district, France, xiv. 809.
PERCHLORATE OF POTASSIUM, xix.
591.
PERCIVAL, James Gates, American poet,
xvin. 522.
PERCUSSION, in medicine, xv. 815.
PERCY, English noble family, xvni.
522.
— , Henry, first earl of Northumber
land, xvm. 522; xvii. 571.
— , Serlo, English abbot, xvm. 552.
— , Thomas, bishop of Dromore, editor
of the Percy Reliques, xvin. 524; in.
— , Thomas, Gunpowder Plot con
spirator, IX. 58.
PERCYLITE, mineral, xvi. 385.
PERDICCAS I. -III., kings of Macedon,
xv. 138; xvin. 524.
•, Macedonian general, xvin. 524; I.
485; xv. 142; regent of Macedonian
empire, xvin. 585.
PERDIX, genus of birds, xvin. 332.
PERDU, Mont, Pyrenees, ix. 505; xn.
334; xx. 125.
PERDUELLIO, in Roman law, xxni.
525.
PERECOP, or Perekop, isthmus, Crimea,
Russia, vi. 585.
PERE DUCHESNE (J. R. Hebert), French
Revolutionist, XL 594.
PEREGRINE FALCON, ix. 2.
PEREGRINE PICKLE, Smollett's novel,
xxii. 184.
PEREGRIN PR^TORSHIP, in Roman
law, xx. 696.
PEREIRA DE MELLO, Antonio de Fontes,
Portuguese statesman, xix. 554.
PEREKOP, town, Crimea, Russia, xvin.
524; xxni. 83; isthmus of, vi. 585.
PERE LA CHAISE, cemetery, Paris, v.
331; xvin. 284.
PERELLE, dye, xiv. 559.
PERENNIALS, Garden, XIT. 249
PERESKIA, genus of Cactaceoc, iv.
626.
PERESLAVL, or Pereyaslavl, town,
Russia, xvin. 524.
PERETTI, Felice (Pope Sixtus V.), xxn.
104.
PEREYASLAFF, town, Russia, xvin. 524;
xix. 410.
PEREYASLAVL, or Pereyaslavl Zalyess-
kiy, town, Russia, xvin. 524; xxiv.
271.
— , Lake of, Russia, xxiv. 271.
PEREYRA, or Pereyre, J. R., Jewish
philanthropist, XIII. 682.
PEREZ, Albino, governer of New Mexico,
U.S.A., xvn. 402.
— , Antonio, Spanish diplomatist and
minister, xvin. 525; XXII. 329, 359.
— DE GUZMAN, Fernan, Spanish
chronicler, xxn. 354.
DE HITA, Gines, Spanish roman-
cist, xx. 659; xxii. 358.
PERFECTIBILISTS, German mystics, xn.
706.
PERFECTIONISTS, of Oneida, U.S.A., vi.
212. See also xvn. 772.
PERFORATING, of paper, xxn. 461.
PERFUME, incense, xn. 718.
PERFUMERY, xvni. 525; xvn. 748;
xxn. 168.
PERGA, town, Asia Minor, xvin. 207.
PERGAMUM, Pergamon, or Pergamus,
ancient town, Asia Minor, xvin. 527;
XV. 143 ; its relations with Rome,
xx. 751; coins of, xvn. 646; library,
xiv. 511; school of sculpture at, n.
365-
PERGOLESI, Giovanni Battista, Italian
musical composer, xvin. 528; xvii.
93-
PERGUNNAHS, or Parganahs, Twenty-
four, district, India, xxni. 673.
PERI, Jacopo, Italian musician, xvii. 86;
xxiv. 315.
PERIANDER, tyrant of Ambracia, xvin.
528.
, despot of Corinth, XVIII. 528.
PERIBLEM, layer in plant development,
xn. 15.
PERICARDIUM, Anatomy of the, i. 899.
PERICARDITIS, disease, xi. 554; xx.
5i7-
PERICH^TA, genus of worms, xxiv.
678.
PERICLASE, mineral, xvi. 385.
PERICLES, Athenian statesman, xvni.
529; XL 101.
PERICLINE, mineral, xvi. 419.
PERIDERM, layer in plant development,
xn. 17.
PERIDOTE, precious stone, xvin. 534;
xvi. 410.
PERIEGETES, Dionysius, Greek writer,
vn. 248.
PERIER, Casimir, French politician, IX.
620.
, Madame, sister of Blaise Pascal,
xvin. 333.
PERIGORD, ancient province, France,
xvin. 534; caves of, v. 567.
PERIGUEUX, town, France, xvin. 534;
church of St Front at, n. 429.
PERIHELION OF THE EARTH'S ORBIT,
Change of, n. 795.
PERIM, island, in Red Sea, n. 235; in.
179; xx. 316.
, island, in Gulf of Cambay, India,
X. 738.
PERING, Mr, on anchors, n. 3.
PERINO BUONACCORSI, Vaga, Italian
painter, xxiv. 30.
P E K — P E R
339
PERINTHUS, town, Thrace, xvm. 635.
PERIODICALS, xvm. 635.
PERIODS, or Eras, of time, iv. 68 1.
PERICECI, or Perioikoi, Spartan freemen,
xi. 94; xv. 96; xxii. 370.
PERIOSTEUM, fibrous animal membrane,
I. 854; xxii. 684.
PERIPATETICS, school of Greek philo
sophers, xvm. 545; ii. 511.
PERIPATUS, genus of Myriapoda, xvn.
116.
PERIPHETES, of Greek legend, xxm.
294.
PERIPLUS, of the Erythraean Sea, xvm.
569; xx. 94.
, of Hanno, book of Carthaginian
exploration, I. 245 ; x. 175 ; XI.
445-
, of the Mediterranean, ancient
geographical work, xxi. 573, 578.
PERIPTEROS, in architecture, n. 469.
PERIPYL^EA, order of Protozoa, xix.
849-
PERISCOPIC LENS, xvi. 260.
PERISSODACTYLA, suborder of ungulate
mammals, xv. 422, 427.
PERISTYLE, in architecture, n. 469.
PERITONEUM, serous membrane, in the
abdomen, vn. 224; surgical treatment
of, xxn. 690.
PERITONITIS, disease, xvm. 547.
PERITRICHA, order of Protozoa, xix.
861.
PERIWIG, or Wig, xxiv. 560.
PERIWINKLE, mollusc, xvi. 651; fishery,
ix. 265.
PERIYAR, river, India, xxm. 525.
PERIZONIUS, Anton, Dutch theologian,
xvm. 547.
, Jacob, Dutch scholar, xvm. 547.
PERJURY, in law, xvm. 548; xvn.
698.
PERKIN, W. H., his experiments on dye-
stuffs, ii. 48.
PERKINS, Jacob, American inventor
and physicist, XVIII. 549.
PERLID/E, group of insects, xin. 1 52.
PERLITE, rock, x. 234.
PERM, government, Russia, xvm. 549;
xxi. 69; town, xvm. 551.
PERMANENT WAY, of railways, xx.
232, 240.
PERMANGANATES, manganese salts, xv.
480.
PERMIAN LANGUAGE, Dictionary of,
vn. iSS.
PERMIAN ROCKS, in geology, x. 351.
PERMISSIVE BILL, for prohibiting
liquor traffic, Xiv. 688.
PERMUTATIONS, in algebra, i. 560.
PERNAHYBA, or Paranahyba, town,
Brazil, xvm. 258.
PERNAMBUCO, town, Brazil, xvm.
55i-
PERNAU, town, Russia, xvm. 552.
PERNE, Andrew, English divine, xvm.
552.
PERNOFF (Pernau), town, Russia, xvm.
552-
PERODICTICUS, genus of lemurs, xiv.
443-
PEROMEDUS^E, order of Hydrozoa, xn.
55>
PEROMELA, order of Amphibia, I. 751.
PERONIA, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 66 1.
PERONNE, town, France, xvm. 552.
PERONOSPORA INFESTANS, fungus of
potato disease, xix. 596.
PERONOSPORA VITICOLA, vine fungus,
xxiv. 240.
PERONOSPORE/E, suborder of Fungi, ix.
830; parasitic forms, xvm. 266.
PEROUSE, La, Jean Francois, French
navigator, xiv. 298; x. 190.
PEROVSK, town, Syr-Daria, Russia, xxii.
819, 821.
PEROVSKITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
PEROZ, Sasanian king of Persia, xvm.
611.
PERPETUAL EDICTS, in Roman law,
xm. 793; xix. 655.
PERPETUAL MOTION, xvm. 553.
PERPETUITIES, in law, n. 72.
PERPIGNAN, town, France, xvm. 555;
XX. 128; xxi. 28; organ at, xvil. 837;
university of, xxm. 839.
PERRACHE, part of Lyons, France, xv.
I 10.
PERRAULT, Charles, French tale-writer,
xvm. 556; xxm. 27.
— , Claude, French architect, II. 441;
xvm. 556.
PERRENOT, Antony, Cardinal Granvella,
XL 52; xii. 74.
PERRON, in architecture, n. 469.
PERRONE, Giovanni, Italian theologian,
xvm. 557.
PERRONIANA, anaof Cardinal Duperron,
I. 784.
PERROTT, Sir John, Irish lord-deputy,
xin. 265.
PERRY, beverage, xvm. 557.
, Oliver H., American naval officer,
xxm. 760.
PERSAN, Madame Doublet de, French
journalist, xvn. 425.
PERSEIDS, meteors, xvi. in.
PERSEPHONE, Greek goddess (the
Roman Proserpine), xix. 824; xxm.
296; mysteries of, VI 1 1. 126.
PERSEPOLIS, ancient town, Persia, xvm.
557; destruction of, by Alexander the
Great, xvm. 582 ; buildings at, II.
400.
PERSEUS, of Greek fable, xvm. 560; vi.
797-
— , king of Macedonia, xv. 142; his
contests with Rome, xx. 753.
PERSIA, Ancient, xvm. 561 (index,
660); conquest of, by Alexander, I.
482; xv. 140; by the Arabs, n. 257;
conquest of Phrygia by, xvm. 851;
its influence in Asia, II. 699; religion,
xxm. 238; rule over Sidon, xvm.
809; relations with Sparta, XXII. 370;
wars with Greece, XI. 98, 112; under
Cyrus, vi. 752; under Darius I.-IIL,
VI. 825, 827 ; architecture, II. 399;
armies, II. 559; coins, xvil. 659.
PERSIA, Modern, xvm. 616 (index, 660);
highlands of, II. 685 ; European
travellers in, x. 186, iSS ; carpet
weaving, v. 128; caste in, v. 192; coins
of, xvil. 660 ; Jews in, xm. 687;
literature, IX. 225; xvn.238; influence
of Persian on Ottoman literature,
xxm. 656; opium cultivation, xvil.
791; plague in, xix. 167; pottery, xix.
619; weights and measures, xxiv. 490;
history, xvm. 631; Shiite dynasties,
XXII. 663; war with Russia, xxi. 101;
wars with Turkey (15 14, 1638), XXIII.
643, 645.
PERSIAN LANGUAGE, xvm. 653 ; dic
tionaries of, vii. 190.
PERSIAN LETTERS, Montesquieu's, xvi.
782.
PERSIAN LITERATURE, xvm. 655.
PERSIGNY, Due de, French politician,
xvm. 661.
PERSIMMON, fruit, xvm. 661.
PERSIS, ancient Persia, xvm. 561, 565,
605.
PERSIUS (A. Persius Flaccus), Roman
satirist, xvm. 66 1; xx. 726; xxi. 319;
his language and style, xiv. 337.
PERSONAL ESTATE, in law, xvm. 664;
disposition of, by will, XXIV. 571, 573;
sale of, xxi. 207.
PERSONAL IDENTITY, Locke on, xiv.
760; in medical jurisprudence, xv. 778.
PERSONALITY, in psychology, xx. 83.
PERSONNE, Gilles (Roberval), French
mathematician, xx. 60 1.
PERSONS, or Parsons, Robert, English
Jesuit, xvm. 377.
PERSPECTIVE, xix. 804.
— PROJECTIONS, in maps, x. 202.
PERSPIRATION, xvn. 685; glands of, i.
899; excessive, XXII. 120; diaphoretics,
vn. 167.
PERSSON, Goran, Swedish courtier, xxn.
748.
PERTABGURH (Partabgarh), district,
Oudh, India, xvm. 328.
— , state, Rajputana, India, xvm. 328.
PERTE DU RHONE, xx. 528.
PERTH, county, Scotland, xvm. 665;
representation, xxm. 727.
, town, Scotland, xvm. 667 ; the
Five Articles of (1618), xxi. 510.
— , town, Western Australia, xvm.
PERTHES, family of German publishers,
xvm. 669.
, Friedrich Christoph, German pub
lisher and editor, xvm. 669.
PERTICARI, Count Giulio, Italian writer,
xm. 515.
PERTINAX, Helvius, Roman emperor,
xvm. 669; xxi. 699.
340
p E R — P E T
PERTURBATIONS, in solar system, xi.
72.
PERTZ, Georg Heinrich, German archaeo
logist, xviii. 669.
PERU, country, South America, xviii.
669; I. 713; its revolt from Spain, I.
709; liberation of, by Bolivar, iv. 9;
forests, ix. 406; guano, xi. 233;
Indian tribes, xil. 828; libraries, XIV.
536, 551; newspapers, xvn. 437;
observatory at Lima, XVII. 716; rail
ways, XX. 252.
— , Ancient, I. 696; xviii. 677; agri
culture in, I. 293; monuments, II. 451 ;
mythology, xvn. 150; pottery, xix.
633; races, I. 691.
, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xviii.
679.
— , island, Gilbert group, Polynesia,
xix. 426.
-, Balsam of, ill. 293.
PERUGIA, town, Italy, xviii. 680; vm.
635; church of S. Domenico, xix.
123; pictures, xxi. 446; university,
xxm. 837.
, Lake of, Italy, xin. 440.
PERUGINO, Pietro, Italian painter,
xvin. 680; ix. 773; xxi. 436;
Raphael's connexion with, XX. 274.
PERUKE, wig, xxiv. 560.
PERUSIA, Etruscan town, Italy, vm.
635.
PERUVIAN BARK, v. 781; xx. 184.
PERUZZI, Baldassare, Italian architect
and painter, xvin. 682; XX. 836;
xxii. 44.
PERVIGILIUM VENERIS, Latin poem,
xvin. 683.
PESARO, town, Italy, xvin. 683.
PESCARA, river, Italy, xm. 439.
PESCHIERA, town, Italy, xx. 145.
PESCIUM (Ipek), ancient town, Albania,
XIII. 211.
PESHAWAR, or Peshawur, division, dis
trict, and town, India, xviii. 684.
PESHITTA, or Peshito, Syriac version of
the Bible, xxn. 824; ill. 647.
PESHWA, Mahratta title, India, xv.
291.
PESIKOTHO, Midrash, xvi. 286.
PESIKTO RABBATHI, Midrash, xvi.
287.
PESINUS, or Pessinus, ancient town,
Asia Minor, xvin. 691.
PESSIMISM, in philosophy, XVIII. 684;
Schopenhauer's, xxi. 455.
PESSINUS, ancient town, Asia Minor,
xviii. 691; x. 19.
PESTALOZZI, Johann Heinrich, Swiss
educationist, vil. 677; Xiv. 79; xxn.
798.
PESTH, town, Hungary, xvni. 691;
libraries, Xiv. 547; picture gallery,
xxi. 446. See also Budapest.
PESTILENCE, or Plague, xix. 159.
PESTO, town, Italy, xvni. 132.
PET, Arthur, Arctic explorer, xix. 316.
PETALISM, Syracusan institution, XXII.
814.
PETALITE, mineral, xiv. 697; xvi. 416.
PETALS, of plants, iv. 132.
PETAU, Denys, French theologian, xvni.
PETAURISTA, genus of marsupial mam
mals, xvin. 728.
PETAURUS, genus of marsupial mam
mals, xvni. 729.
PETAVIUS, Dionysius (Petau), French
theologian, xvin. 693.
PETCHARY, bird, xiv. 81.
PETCHENEGS, race of people, xiv. 60;
xxi. 1 6, 88; xxm. 660.
PETCHERSK, monastery, at Kieff, Russia,
xiv. 70.
PETCHORA, river, Russia, xvm. 549;
xxi. 73.
PETEN, Lake of, Guatemala, XL 239.
PETER, St, the Apostle, xvin. 693; xix.
487; his relations with St Paul, xvni.
418.
— , Apocalypse of, II. 179.
— , Epistles of, xvni. 697.
— I., the Great, czar of Russia, xvni.
698; xxi. 97; his contests with Charles
XII. of Sweden, v. 421; defeat and
capture of, by the Turks, xxm. 646;
statue of, at St Petersburg, xxi. 191;
Voltaire's History of, xxiv. 292.
- II., of Russia, XVIII. 699; xxi. 98.
- III., of Russia, xvin. 699; v. 233;
xxi. 99.
— , prince of Savoy, xxi. 339.
— , king of Sicily, xxn. 28.
— of Blois, mediaeval theologian and
moralist, xvin. 698.
— of Bruis, founder of Petrobrusians,
XL 674; xxiv. 323.
— of Callinicus, Syriac writer, xxn.
836.
— of Castlenau, Inquisitor, I. 454.
— of Covara (Nicholas V., antipope),
xin. 712.
— the Hermit, Crusade preacher,
xvin. 698; VI. 623.
— of Morone, founder of the Celes-
tines, v. 291.
of Poitiers, scholastic philosopher,
xxi. 425.
— DES ROCHES, bishop of Winchester,
xi. 658.
- LEOPOLD, grand-duke of Tuscany,
xm. 485.
MARTYR, Italian Reformer, xxiv.
1 66.
- PARLEY (S. G. Goodrich), American
writer, x. 774.
- PINDAR (John "Walcot), English
painter and satirist, xxiv. 628.
SCHLEMIHL, by Chamisso, v. 384.
PETERBOROUGH, town, England, xvin.
699.
— , town, Ontario, Canada, xvn. 775.
— AND MONMOUTH, Earl of, XVIII.
700.
PETERHEAD, town, Scotland, xvm. 701.
PETERHOF, town, Russia, xvni. 702;
xxi. 190, 194.
PETERLOO RIOT (1819), Manchester,
England, xv. 464.
PETERMANN, A., German geographer,
xvm. 669.
PETERS, Christian A. F., on stellar paral
lax, xvin. 252.
— , Hugh, adherent of Cromwell,
xvm. 702.
PETERSBURG, town, Virginia, U.S.A.,
xvni. 702.
PETERSEN, Hallgrim, Icelandic poet,
XIL 623.
, Niels Matthias, Danish historian,
vn. 93.
PETER'S LETTERS TO HIS KINSFOLK,
Lockhart's work, xiv. 763.
PETERS'S COMET, vi. 193.
PETERSTHAL, spa, Germany, xvi.
434-
PETERWARDEIN, town, Hungary, xvin.
702.
PETHION, Syriac writer, XXII. 845.
PETIOLE, or Leaf-Stalk, of plants, iv.
112.
PETION, Alexandre, president of Hayti,
XL 545.
DE VILLENEUVE, Jerome, French
Revolutionist, xvin. 703.
PETIS DE LA CROIX, Frangois, French
Orientalist, xvi 1 1. 703.
PETIT, John, his justification of murder
of duke of Orleans, x. 550.
AND DULONG, on radiation, xx.
216.
PETITCODIAC, river, New Brunswick,
xvii. 373.
PETITION, in law, xvm. 703.
— , to parliament, in England, xvin.
3i3-
- OF RIGHT, v. 405; vm. 345;
xvm. 705.
PETIT JOURNAL, Le, Paris newspaper,
xvii. 427.
PETIT NORD, peninsula, Newfoundland,
xvii. 382.
PETITOT, Jean, French artist, vm.
184.
PETIT-THOUARS, Admiral du,his seizure
of Tahiti, xxm. 24.
PETIT TREASON, xxm. 527.
PETOFI, Alexander, Hungarian poet,
XIL 378.
PETRA, ancient town, North Arabia,
xvin. 705.
PETRACCO, Italian jurist, father of
Petrarch, xvin. 706.
PETR^EA, desert, Arabia, n. 239.
PETRARCH, or Petrarca, Francesco,
Italian poet, xvm. 706; xin. 503;
his relation to the Renaissance, xx.
385 ; his sonnets, xxn. 262 ; his
friendship for Boccaccio, III. 845; his
Latinity, xiv. 341.
PETREL, bird, xvin. 711; ix. 817.
P E T — P H A
341
PETRI, Laurentius, archbishop of
Sweden, xxn. 754.
, Olaus, Swedish writer, xxn. 754.
PETRIE, George, Irish antiquary, xvnr.
712.
PETRINIA, district, Austria, xvi. 295.
PETRINISM, versus Paulism, Baur's views
on, ill. 449, 644.
PETRIU, town, Siam, xxi. 853.
PETROBRUSIANS, religious sect, xxiv.
323; xi. 674.
PETROCORII, ancient Gallic tribe, xvm.
635-
PETRCECA, genus of birds, xxiv. 537.
PETROLEUM, mineral oil, xvm. 712,
237; H. 715; xvi. 428; as fuel, ix.
809 ; for gas-making, x. 100 ; foi
st earn boilers, XXII. 500; industry, in
U.S.A., xxm. 813; wells at Baku,
Russia, in. 258; in Burmah, IV. 552.
PETROMYZON, genus of fishes, xiv. 249.
PETRONILLA, alleged daughter of St
Peter, XVIII. 694.
PETRONIUS, Maximus IV., Roman
emperor, XV. 646.
ARBITER, Latin satirist, xvm.
720; xx. 636, 726; xxi. 319.
PETROPAVLOVSK, town, Siberia, xvm.
7^3-
— , or Petropavlovski, town, Kam
chatka, Asia, xvm. 723; 111.144; xin.
832.
PETROPOLIS, town, Brazil, xvm. 723.
PETROSSA, Roumania, Plate found at,
xix. 182.
PETROVITCH, George, Servian leader,
vi. 755; xxi. 689.
PETROVSK, town, Russian Daghestan,
xvm. 723.
— , town, Saratoff, Russia, xvm. 723;
xxi. 305.
— •, town, Yaroslavl, Russia, xxiv.
731-
— , convict settlement, Transbaikalia,
Russia, xvm. 723.
PETROZAVODSK, town, Russia, xvm.
723; xvn. 764.
PETRUCCI, friend of Molinos, xvi.
631.
— , Pandolfo, tyrant of Siena, xxn.
42.
PETRUS DE RAVENNA, on mnemonics,
xvi. 532.
PETRUS HISPANUS, scholastic philo
sopher, xxi. 430.
PETRUS SICULUS, historian of the Paul-
icians, xvm. 433.
PETT, Phineas, English shipbuilder,
xvii. 282.
PETTIGREW, J. Bell, on modes of flight,
ix. 311.
PETTY, Lord Henry, English politician,
xix. 148.
— , Sir William, English economist,
xvm. 724; xix. 358; on statistics,
xxn. 462.
PETUNA, town, Manchuria, xv. 466.
PETUNIA, plant, xn. 264.
PETUNTZE, mineral, xvi. 419.
PETZITE, mineral, xvi. 392.
PEUCETIANS, ancient Italian tribe, xm.
446.
PEUTINGER, Conrad, German scholar,
xvm. 724.
PEVENSEY, town, England, xxn. 724.
PEW, in architecture, n. 469.
PEWTER, tin alloy, xvm. 725; xiv.
378-
PEYER'S PATCHES, in the intestine,
xvn. 669.
PEYRELADE, France, Ancient remains
at, xxi. 51.
PEZZA, Michele (Fra Diavolo), Italian
brigand, ix. 504.
PFAFF, Christian Heinrich, German
chemist and physicist, xvm. 725.
, Johann Friedrich, German mathe
matician, xvm. 725.
, Johann Wilhelm Andreas, German
mathematician, xvm. 725.
PFAFFENDORF, Germany, Battle of
(1760), in. 129.
PFAHLBURGER, class of German citizens,
x. 493.
PFALZ, or Palatinate, district, Germany,
xvm. 166; in. 453.
PFALZ BURG, town, German Lorraine,
xvm. 725.
PFEFFERKORN, John, suppressor of
Jewish books, XX. 490.
PFEFFERS, spa, Switzerland, xvi. 433.
PFEIFFER, Franz, German philologist,
xvni. 725; on the Nibelungenlied,
xvn. 476.
Ida Laura, Austrian traveller,
xvni. 726.
PFISTER, Albrecht, early German printer,
xxm. 684, 687.
PFORZHEIM, town, Baden, Germany,
xvni. 726.
PFUNDHEFE, German yeast, xxiv.
734-
PHACOCHCERUS, genus of ungulate
mammals, xxn. 774.
PHACOLITE, mineral, xvi. 421.
PHACUSA, ancient town, Egypt, x. 789.
PH^DO, dialogue of Plato, xix. 199.
PH/EDRUS, Latin fabulist, xvm. 726.
— , dialogue of Plato, XIX. 201.
PH^ODARIA, order of Protozoa, xix.
850.
PH^EOPHYCE.E, subclass of plants, xxiv.
126.
PH/EOSPORE^E, order of plants, xxiv.
126.
PHAETHON, of Greek mythology, xvm.
727.
— , genus of birds, xxm. 588.
PHAGMODU, Tibetan ruler, xxm. 346.
PHALANGE, in Fourier's communal
system, IX. 489.
PHALANGERS, group of marsupial mam
mals, xvni. 727; in. m; xv. 359,
382.
PHALANGIDEA, PHALANGIDES, order
and family of Araclmida, 1 1. 277, 279.
PHALANGISTA, genus of marsupial
mammals, xvni. 728.
PHALANX, of Greek army, n. 561;
Macedonian, xv. 140; Roman, xx.
735-
PHALARIDE^E, group of grasses, XL 58.
PHALARIS, Greek tyrant, in Sicily, xvm.
729; xxii. 16.
, Epistles of, in. 53; xvm. 730;
Bentley's dissertation on, HI. 579.
PHALAROPODID^E, family of birds, xxi.
260.
PHALERUM, Bay of, Athens, in. 4.
PHANARIOTS, Greek officials at Con
stantinople, XL 124.
PHANEROGAMIA, subkingdom of plants,
xxiv. 130.
PHANEROGAMS, group of plants, in.
695; iv. 92; xx. 426; xxiv. 130.
PHANSIGARS (Thugs), Indian assassins,
xxm. 327.
PHANTASIA, Gassendi's theory of, x.
1 06.
PHANTASMAGORIA, of magic lantern,
xv. 213.
PHANTOMS, in white magic, xv. 207.
PHAON, reputed lover of Sappho, xxi.
303-
PHAR.<E, ancient town, Greece, xni. 826.
PHARAOH, kings of Egypt, xvni. 730;
vii. 732-
PHARAOH'S CASTLE, ruins, Morocco,
xvi. 834.
PHARAOH'S RAT, ichneumon, xn. 629.
PHARISEES, Jewish sect, xni. 423; xvi.
55-
PHARMACOLITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
PHARMACOLOGY, branch of medicine,
xv. 796.
PHARMACOPOEIA, xvni. 730 ; the
British, xv. 798 ; Aldrovandi's, I.
475-
PHARMACOSIDERITE, mineral, xvi.
405.
PHARNABAZUS, satrap of Phrygia, xvni.
576.
PHAROMACRUS, genus of birds, xx. 179;
xxm. 584.
PHAROS, island and lighthouse, Alex
andria, Egypt, I. 494.
PHARPAR, river, Syria, I. 4; XXII. 821.
PHARSALIA, Lucan's poem, xv. 36.
PHARYNX, Anatomy of the, i. 837; vn.
222; disease of, xxm. 321.
PHASCACE^E, group of mosses, xvn. 73.
PHASCOGALE, or Phascologale, genus of
marsupial mammals, xv. 380.
PHASCOLARCTIN/E, subfamily of mar
supial mammals, xv. 382.
PHASCOLOMYS, genus of marsupial
mammals, xxiv. 637; xv. 383.
PHASCOLOTHERIUM, fossil mammal,
xv. 376.
PHASCUM, genus of mosses, xvn. 72.
PHASEOLUS, genus of plants, xn. 283.
342
P H A — P H I
PHASIANUS, genus of birds, xvm. 732.
PHASIS, Greek colony, Black Sea, xix.
599-
PHASMID/E, group of insects, xui. 152.
PHAULCON, Constantine, Greek minister
in Siam, xxi. 854.
PHAVORINUS (Guarino), Italian scholar,
xi. 238.
PHAZANIA (Fezzan), ancient country,
Africa, IX. 128.
PHEASANT, bird, xvm. 732.
PHEASANT'S EYE, plant, i. 163.
PHEASANT-SHOOTING, xxi. 834.
PHEDRE, Racine's drama, xx. 207.
PHENACITE, mineral, xvi. 411.
PHENIC ACID, v. 85.
PHENICIENNE, dye, v. 86.
PHENOL, carbolic acid, v. 85; xxm.
57-
PHENOLS, series of organic alcohols, v.
563; xvm. 238.
PHENOMENOLOGY OF SPIRIT, Hegel's
treatise, XI. 618.
PHENYLAMINE (Aniline), in chemistry,
ii. 47; v. 575.
PHEON, in heraldry, XL 703.
PHERA, town, island of Thera, Greece,
xxm. 280.
PHER/E, ancient town, Greece, xm.
826.
PHERECRATES, Greek Attic comedian,
xvm. 733.
PHERECYDES of Athens, Greek his
torian, xvm. 733.
— of Syros, Greek philosopher, xvm.
733-
PHIALS, ancient bowls, xix. 179.
PHIDIAS, Greek sculptor and architect,
xvm. 733, 530; ii. 355.
PHIGALIA, ancient town, Greece, xvin.
734-
PHILADELPHIA (Ala-Shehr), ancient
town, Asia Minor, I. 443.
(Kabbah), ancient town, Syria, I.
743-
, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., xvm.
736; libraries of, xiv. 534, 551; news
papers, xvil. 434; convention (1787),
xv. 182; xxm. 748.
PHILADELPHIA, Ptolemy, king of Egypt,
vii. 745.
PHIL^E, island, Egypt, vii. 783.
PHILAGATHUS (Pope John XVI.), xni.
711.
PHILANTHROPY, in ethics, vin. 590; of
Quakers, xx. 151.
PHILARGI, Pietro (Pope Alexander V.),
I. 487.
PHILASTER, tragedy by Beaumont and
Fletcher, ill. 470.
PHILEBUS, dialogue of Plato, xix. 208.
PHILEMON, Greek poet, xvm. 741;
XXII. 20.
— , Epistle to, xvm. 741.
PHILEPICUS, or Philippicus, emperor of
Constantinople, xvm. 748.
PHILEPITTA, genus of birds, xix. 149.
PHILES, Manuel, Byzantine dramatist,
XL 145.
PHILET^ERUS, chief of Pergamum, xv.
143; xvni. 527.
PHILETAS, Alexandrian poet and critic,
XVIIL 742; vii. 568.
PHILHET^ERUS, genus of birds, xxiv.
463-
PHILHYDRIDA, group of beetles, vi. 130.
PHILIBEG, or Kilt, in Scottish Highland
dress, VI. 478.
PHILIBERT, prince of Savoy, xxi. 341.
PHILIDOR, Francois Andre Danican,
French chess-player, v. 60 1.
PHILINUS of Cos, Alexandrian physician,
xv. So i.
PHILIP, St, apostle, xvm. 742.
, the Evangelist, xvm. 742.
, the Arab, Roman emperor, xvm.
755-
— , duke of Anjoti, XIII. 484.
— , the Bold, duke of Burgundy, IV.
536; IX. 548.
— , the Good, duke of Burgundy, IV.
536; his rule in Holland, xn. 73.
— I., king of France, xvm. 743; ix.
537; hostilities with William II. of
England, xxiv. 577.
— II., Augustus, of France, XVIIL 743;
IX. 540; his contentions with Richard
I. of England, xx. 540; his improve
ments of Paris, XVIIL 288.
— III., the Rash, of France, XVIIL
7435 IX. 544.
— IV., the Fair, of France, XVIIL 743;
IX. 544; suppression of the Templars
by, xxm. 164.
- V., the Tall, of France, xvm. 743.
- VI., of France, xvm. 743; IX. 545.
— II., king of Macedonia, XVIIL 742;
XI. 103; xv. 138; his relations with
Persia, XVIIL 581; his contests with
Rome, xx. 751; Demosthenes's opposi
tion to, VII. 69; Isocrates's faith in,
xni. 389.
— III.-V., kings of Macedonia,
XVIIL 742.
— , False (Andriscus), usurper of throne
of Macedon, ii. 22.
— , dnke of Orleans (1674-1723),
regent of France, xvil. 852; ix. 584.
— (Egalite), duke of Orleans (1747-
1793), XVIL 853; ix. 595, 598, 600,
604, 606.
— I., of Savoy, xxi. 341.
— I., king of Castile and Aragon
(reckoned I. of Spain), XVIIL 743;
xxii. 327.
II., king of Spain, XVIIL 743; XIII.
717; xv. 594; xxii. 329; his rule in
Holland, xn. 74; in Italy, Xin. 482;
as king of Portugal, xix. 547; his
marriage with Queen Mary of England,
VIIL 339; his secretaries, Perez and
Escovedo, xvm. 525.
— III., of Spain, xvm. 746; XXII.
PHILIP IV., of Spain, xvm. 746; xxii.
V., of Spain, xvm. 746; xxii.
— , duke of Swabia, XVIIL 746.
— of Amphipolis, Greek romancist,
xx. 636.
-, Herod, tetrarch of Ituraja, XI. 755;
330-
xm. 426.
VAN ARTEVELDE, Taylor's drama,
xxm. 93.
PHILIPHAUGH, Scotland, Battle of
(1645), XVI- 796; XVIL 371; xxi.
5i3-
PHILIPON, Charles, French caricaturist,
v. 105.
PHILIPPA, wife of Edward III. of Eng
land, vii. 683.
PHILIPPEION, at Olympia, Greece, xvn.
769.
PHILIPPI, ancient town, Macedonia,
xvm. 746.
PHILIPPIANS, Epistle to the, XVIIL 746.
PHILIPPICS, of Cicero, v. 772; of Demo
sthenes, vn. 69.
PHILIPPICUS, emperor of Constantinople,
XVIIL 748.
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, West Pacific,
XVIIL 748; II. 687; XII. 815; birds
of, ill. 763; dictionaries of language,
Vii. 191.
PHILIPPOPOLIS, town, Eastern Rou-
melia, Turkey, xvm. 753; xxm. 318;
department, xxi. 21.
PHILIPPSBURG, town, Baden, XVIIL
754-
, town, St. Martin, West Indies,
XXL 1 86.
PHILIPPUS, M. Julius (Philip the Arab),
Roman emperor, xvm. 755.
SIDETES, Byzantine Church his
torian, xxii. 238.
PHILIPS, Ambrose, English poet, xvm.
754, 347-
-, John, English writer, xvm. 754.
PHILISTIA, district, Palestine, xvm.
755-
PHILISTINES, of Scripture, XVIIL 755,
174; xm. 402; language of, xxi.
645.
PHILLIP, John, Scottish painter, xvm.
757-
PHILLIPS, John, English geologist,
XVIIL 758; on amber mines, I. 659.
— , Samuel, English writer, xvin.
759-
, Thomas, English painter, xvm.
759-
-, Wendell, American orator, I. 723.
-, William, English geologist, xvm.
759-
PHILLIPSITE, mineral, xvi. 422.
PHILO, Jewish-Hellenist poet, xvin.
764.
, or Philo Judoeus, Jewish philo
sopher, xvm. 759; i. 500; xv. 144;
his relation to the Gospel histories,
P H I — P H O
343
XIII. 658; on inspiration, XIII. 154;
in relation to mysticism, xvn. 130;
his influence on Neoplatonism, xvn.
334-
PHILO of Byzantium, writer on me
chanics, xv n i. 764.
BYBLIUS, grammarian and his
torian, xvill. 764; on Phoenicia, XVIII.
802; his translation of Sanchoniathon,
vi. 447-
PHILOCALIA, Origen's work, xvn. 840.
PHILOCTETES, Sophocles's drama, xxn.
273-
— , Statue of, at Syracuse, II. 351.
PHILODINA, genus of Rotifera, xxi. 4.
PHILOLAUS, Pythagorean philosopher,
xvin. 764; XX. 138; on astronomy,
n. 747.
PHILOLOGI^E ET MERCURII, De Nuptiis,
romance, XX. 637.
PHILOLOGIA SACRA, Glassius's, x. 674.
PHILOLOGY, science of language, xvni.
765; Wolf s definition of, xxiv. 629;
in relation to anthropology, II. 117;
to ethnology, Vlll. 621; to mythology,
xvn. 138; Boeckh's division of, in.
851 ; comparative, of Aryan languages,
xvin. 781. See Language.
PHILOMELA, in Greek mythology, xvn.
499-
PHILOMETOR, Demetrius III., king of
Syria, vn. 58.
, Ptolemy, king of Egypt, vn. 746.
PHILOPATOR, king of Cappadocia, v.
76.
, Antiochus, prince of Persia and
Syria, xm. 422.
, Ptolemy, king of Egypt, vil. 746.
, Seleucus IV., king of Persia and
Syria, XVIII. 589.
PHILOPCEMEN, Greek warrior, xvin.
790.
PHILOPROGENITIVENESS, in phreno
logy, xvin. 844.
PHILOPSEUDES, Lucian's dialogue, xv.
44-
PHILOSOPHER'S STONE, Search for the,
i. 463.
PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, American,
xvni. 740.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS, of
Royal Society of London, xxi. 38.
PHILOSOPHUMENA, Hippolytus's work,
XL 854.
PHILOSOPHY, xvm. 791; evolution in,
viii. 751; in relation to logic, xiv.
780; to metaphysics, XVI. 79; modern,
theism of, xxm. 244, 249: influence
of Christianity on, v. 698 ; pagan,
influence of, on Christianity, v. 694;
of religion, xxm. 272; in relation to
the Renaissance, XX. 382, 386; to
Greek sophistry, xxil. 268; relation
of zoology to, xxiv. 819; Arabian, 1 1.
265; of Confucius, VI. 264; Cousin's,
vi. 524; Cudworth's, vi. 689; Des
cartes on, vn. 119; eclectic, vn. 643;
Eleatic, xxiv. 719: Zeno's Eleatic,
xxiv. 778; Hamiltonian, XI. 417;
Hegelian, XL 618; Hindu, xxi. 289;
xxiv. 117; Kantian, xni. 847; Leib
nitz's contributions to, XIV. 420 ;
Locke's contributions to, xiv. 755;
Mohammedan, xvi. 596; Neoplaton
ism, xvn. 332; Plato on, xix. 206;
Positive, or Comte's, VI. 234; Pytha
gorean, XX. 138; Reid's, xx. 351; scep
tical, xxi. 378; Schilling's, xxi. 391;
Schleiermacher's, xxi. 411; scholastic,
xxi. 418; Schopenhauer's, xxi. 456;
Socrates's relations to, xxi I. 236 ;
Spinoza's, xxil. 404; Dugald Stewart's
contributions to, XXIL 547 ; Stoic,
XXIL 562 ; Wolffiau, xxiv. 632;
Brucker's critical history of, IV. 395;
Lewes's history of, xiv. 491.
PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN MIND,
Thomas Brown's, IV. 387.
PHILOSOPHY OF THE INDUCTIVE SCI
ENCES, Whewell's, xxiv. 539.
PHILOSTORGIUS, church historian, xxn.
238.
PHILOSTRATUS, Greek sophist, xvm.
796; on legends of Troy, xx. 637.
PHILOTAS, put to death by Alexander,
i. 483.
PHILOXENUS, Greek poet, xvin. 797.
of Hierapolis, Syriac writer, xxi I.
of Mabbogh, Syriac writer, XXIL
825,83!.
PHINEUS, in Greek mythology, XI.
491.
PHINTIAS (Alicata), ancient town, Sicily,
i. 574.
PHIPPS, Captain, Arctic explorer, X. 190;
xix. 319.
-, Constantino Henry, marquis of
Normanby, xvn. 538.
PHITSALOK, ancient Siamese capital,
xxi. 854.
PHIVA (Thebes), town, Greece, xxm.
229.
PHLEBITIS, disease, xxn. 684.
PHLEGMON, disease, xvin. 398.
PHLEGON of Tralles, Greek chronicler,
xvin. 798.
PHLIPON, Manon Jeanne (Madame
Roland), xx. 624.
PHLOEM, or Bast, in vegetable histology,
xii. 18.
PHLOGISTON, Doctrine of, in chemistry,
v. 460.
PHLOGOPITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
PHLOX, garden plant, xvin. 798; xn.
258.
PHOCA, genus of carnivorous mammals,
xv. 443; xxi. 580.
PHOC/EA, town, Asia Minor, xvin.
798-
PHOC^NA, genus of cetacean mammals,
xv. 398; xix. 521.
PHOCAS, emperor of the East, xvni.
799, 614.
PHOCAS, Nicephorus II., emperor of
Constantinople, xvn. 482.
PHOCiDiE, family of carnivorous mam
mals, xv. 443.
PHOCION, Athenian statesman, xvni.
799-
PHOCIS, district, Greece, xvin. 801 ; coins
of, xvn. 642.
PHCEBIAS (Reggio di Calabria), Greek
colony, Italy, XX. 341.
PHCEBUS (Apollo), in Greek mythology,
xvin. Soi; n. 185.
, Gaston, viscount of Bdarn, xvni.
415.
PHCENICE, Roman divisions of Syria,
xxn. 823.
PHOENICIA, region, Syria, xvni. 80 1 ;
coins of, XVII. 649; glass-making, x.
647; pottery, xix. 605.
PHOZNICIAN ALPHABET, i. 607.
PHCENICIAN LANGUAGE, xxi. 641, 646;
inscriptions in, xni. 116; dictionary
of, vn. 189.
PHCENICIAN NUMERALS, xvn. 625.
PHOENICIANS, Asiatic people, xxn. 822;
XL 90; their relations with the Phili
stines, xvni. 757 ; founders of Carth
age, v. 160; remains of, in Malta, xv.
341; astronomy of, II. 745; early com
merce, VI. 197; geography in time of,
x. 175; language of, xxi. 641; ships
of, xxi. 805.
PHCENICO-CHROITE, mineral, xvi.
403-
PHCENICOPTERUS, genus of birds, ix.
286.
PHOZNISS^E, Euripides's drama, viii.
677-
, Phrynichus's drama, XVIII. 854.
PHCENIX, legendary bird, xvin. Sio.
, genus of palms, xvin. 190.
CONSPIRACY, Ireland, xni. 271.
PARK, Dublin, vn. 500.
PHCENIXVILLE, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xvin. 811.
PHONAUTOGRAPH, acoustic instrument,
i. 1 10; for deaf-mutes, vn. 9.
PHONETICS, science of speech sounds,
xvni. 811, 770, 782; xxn. 381.
PHONETISM, in language, I. 602.
PHONOGRAPH, Telephonic, xxm. 130,
134-
PHONOGRAPHY, shorthand writing, xxi.
834-
PHONOLITE, rock, x. 234.
PHONOLOGY, in grammar, XL 37.
PHONOTYPY, xvin. 812.
PHONYGAMA, genus of birds, xv. 505.
PHORA, ancient town, Patmos, Greek
Archipelago, xvin. 408.
PHORMINX, Greek lyre, xv. 114.
PHORMIO, Terence's play, xxm. 187.
PHORMIUM, vegetable fibre, xvin.
812.
PHORONIS, genus of Polyzoa, xix. 433,
434-
PHORUS, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 650.
344
P H 0 — P I A
PHOSGENE, in chemistry, v. 87; xvn.
63-
PHOSGENES, luminous impressions, vni.
822.
PHOSPHATES, chemical salts, xvm. 818;
v. 517, 518; deposits of, at Charleston,
U.S.A., v. 428; of lime, as mamires,
I. 348; xv. 509.
PHOSPHATIC GLASSES, for telescopes,
xxin. 143.
PHOSPHIDE OF CALCIUM, xvm. 817.
PHOSPHINE, in chemistry, v. 516;
xvm. 817.
PHOSPHO GUANO, XL 234; xv. 512.
PHOSPHOR-BRONZE, xvm. 817; wire
of, xxiv. 615.
PHOSPHORESCENCE, xvm. 813; xiv.
603; of annelids, II. 71; in crystals,
XVI. 375; in Protozoa, xix. 861; of
the sea, VI. 664.
PHOSPHORIC ACID, as manure, xv.
508.
PHOSPHORISTS, school of Swedish litera
ture, xxn. 757.
PHOSPHORITE, mineral, xvm. 818.
PHOSPHOROCHALCITE, mineral, xvi.
406.
PHOSPHOROSCOPE, optical instrument,
xiv. 603.
PHOSPHORUS, chemical element, xvin.
815; v. 315; as fuel, IX. 809; in
iron smelting, xili. 296; in match
manufacture, XV. 625; as plant food,
Xix. 49; as a poison, xix. 278; its
presence in steel, xili. 283.
PHOTIUS, patriarch of Constantinople,
xvm. 819; as lexicographer, XI. 146;
on Greek romance, XX. 634; opposed
by Pope Nicholas I., XVII. 483.
PHOTODILUS, section of owls, xvm. 89.
PHOTO-ENGRAVING, xvm. 834.
PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTING, xvm. 830.
PHOTOGRAPHY, xvm. 821; Daguerre's
invention of, vi. 761; Niepce's inven
tions in, xvil. 495; applied to astro
nomy, II. 789, 802; xvm. 248; xxiii.
142, 148, 153; use of, in mapping, xxn.
714, 716.
PHOTO-GRAVURE, process of map-print
ing, xxii. 717.
PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHY, xiv. 699; xvm.
833.
PHOTOMETRY, Celestial, xvm. 840;
xiv. 583; xxiv. 423.
PHOTOPHONE, telephone, xxm. 130.
PHOTO-RELIEFS, xvm. 834.
"PHOTOSPHERE, of the sun, xxii. 645.
PHOXICHILUS, genus of Arachnida, n.
277.
PHOXINUS, genus of fishes, xvi. 477.
PHRAASPA, Armenia, Siege of (36 B.C.),
xvm. 598.
PHRAATES I., Parthian king, xvm.
590.
II., Parthian king, xvm. 594.
III., Parthian king, xvm. 595.
IV., Parthian king, xvm. 598.
PHRAATES V., Parthian king, xvm.
600.
PHRABAT, mountain, Siam, xxi. 851.
PHRANTZES, Georgius, Byzantine his
torian, iv. 614.
PHRAORTES, Median king, xvm. 562.
— , Median rebel, xvm. 569.
PHRASEOGRAMS, in shorthand, xxi.
839.
PHRATRIA, division of tribe, at Athens,
vin. 620.
PHRENOLOGY, xvm. 842 ; Combe's
essays on, VI. 179; Gall's researches in,
x. 37-
PHRENO-TYPING, mnemonic system,
xvi. 533.
PHRIAPATIUS, Parthian king, xvm.
590.
PHRYGIA, country, Asia Minor, xvm.
849; coins of, XVIL 648.
PHRYGIAN MYSTERIES, XVIL 126.
PHRYNE, Greek courtesan, xvm. 853;
ii. 169.
PHRYNICHUS, Athenian general, xvni.
854-
— , Athenian tragic poet, xvni. 854.
— , poet of Old Attic Comedy, xvni.
854.
ARABIUS, Bithynian grammarian,
xvni. 854.
PHRYNIDES, family of Arachnida, n.
289.
PHRYNOSOMA, genus of lizards, xiv.
736.
PHTHA, Egyptian divinity, VII. 717.
PHTHALIC ACID, xvm. 855.
PHTHIOTIS, district, Thessaly, xxin.
299.
PHTHIRIASIS, disease, xv. 24; xxn.
123.
PHTHISIS, disease, xvm. 855, 405.
PHU-THUA-THIEN, or Phu-tua-tien
(Hue), town, Anam, vi. 96; xn. 333.
PHYCOERYTHIN, colouring matter in
plants, xix. 52.
PHYCOMYCETES, order of Fungi, ix.
830; xxiv. 127.
PHYCOXANTHIN, colouring matter in
plants, xix. 52.
PHYLACTERY, Jewish prayer-thong, xix.
i; I. 781; III. 193.
PHYLACTOL^EMA, order of Polyzoa, xix.
436.
PHYLLIDIOBRANCHIA, suborder of Mol-
lusca, xvi. 645, 655.
PHYLLIRHOE, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
634, 656.
PHYLLOCACTUS, group of Cactacere, iv.
626.
PHYLLOPTERYX, genus of fishes, XL
852; xxi. 579.
PHYLLORHINA, genus of bats, xv. 412.
PHYLLOSCOPUS, genus of birds, xxiv.
688.
PHYLLOSTICTA, vine fungus, xxiv. 240.
PHYLLOSTOMID^E, family of chiropter-
ous mammals, xv. 414.
PHYLLOTAXIS, arrangement of leaves,
in plants, iv. 1 15.
PHYLLOXERA, vine parasite, xxiv. 238
604; xix. 537.
PHYLOGENY, ancestral development, n.
49; in. 690.
PHYSALOSPORA, grape fungus, xxiv.
240.
PHYSETER, genus of cetacean mammals,
xv. 396; xxiv. 525.
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS, xxiv. 479, 480.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, x. 210.
PHYSICAL-MEDICAL SCHOOL, xv. 810.
PHYSICAL SCIENCES, xix. i.
PHYSICIANS, Royal College of, London,
xiv. 652.
PHYSIC NUT, xvn. 664, 665.
PHYSICS, XIX. i; of Aristotle, II. 520;
Epicurean theory of, vin. 474; Kant's
works on, Xili. 847; Stoic doctrine
of, xxn. 563; physical societies, xxn.
225.
PHYSIOCRATS, French school of econo
mists, xix. 359; xx. 176.
PHYSIOGNOMY, xix. 3 ; Lavater on,
xiv. 351.
PHYSIOGRAPHY, in geology, x. 370.
PHYSIOLOGICAL SELECTION, Romanes's
theory, XXIV. 82.
PHYSIOLOGUS, media-val collection of
allegories, xix. 6.
PHYSIOLOGY, xix. 8 (index, 63); in.
684; xvn. 667; scope of the science,
xxiv. 800; in relation to medicine,
XV. 794; to morphology, XVI. 845; to
phrenology, XVIII. 847; to psychology,
XX. 37; to zoological study, XXIV.
814; vegetable, xix. 43; Empedocles's
theory of, vin. 179; contributions to
the science by Brodie, iv. 358; by
Andrew Combe, VI. 179; by Johannes
Miiller, XVII. 17; by Schwann, xxi.
460; by Spallanzani, xxn. 367 ; by
Wagner, xxiv. 313.
PHVSOSTIGMINE, vegetable alkaloid, iv.
650.
PHYSOSTOMI, order of fishes, xn. 692.
PHYTELEPHAS, genus of plants, xin.
524; xvni. 190.
PHYTOMASTIGODA, group of Protozoa,
xix. 857.
PHYTOPHAGA, section of beetles, vi.
134-
PIACENZA, town, Italy, Xix. 64; uni
versity of, xxin. 836.
PIACULAR SACRIFICES, xxi. 136.
PIAGNONI, Florentine faction, xxi .337.
PIA MATER, Anatomy of the, I. 865.
PIANOFORTE, musical instrument, xix.
64; invention and introduction of,
XVIL 94.
PlANOSA, island, Italy, xin. 440.
PIARISTS, Roman Catholic brotherhood,
xix. 78.
PIATRA, town, Roumania, xix. 78.
PIAZZA ARMERINA, town, Sicily, xix.
79-
P I A — P I L
345
PIAZZI, Giuseppe, Italian astronomer,
n. 758.
PICA, genus of birds, XV. 284.
PICACHO DE LA SIERRA, mountain,
Venezuela, xxiv. 139.
PlCARD, Jean, French astronomer, II.
755 ; his measurement of arc of the
meridian, vn. 597.
PlCARDS (Beghards, q.v.), religious sect,
in Bohemia, I. 140.
PlCARDY, province, France, xix. 79.
PICARL-E, group of birds, xviil. 47.
PICCADILLY, London, xiv. 847.
PlCCl, Gio Antonio, Sienese historian,
xxii. 43.
PICCINI, Niecola, Italian musical com
poser, Xix. 79; xvn. 95.
PICCOLO, flute, ix. 350.
PICCOLOMINI, vEneas Sylvius (Pope Pius
II.), xix. 152; xxii. 41, 43.
PiCCOLPASSO, Cipriano, on majolica
ware, xix. 625.
PlCEA, genus of trees, IX. 224.
PlCENTES, ancient Italian people, XXI.
128; xxill. 723.
PlCENUM, ancient district, Italy, xni.
444, 447-
PlCHEGRU, Charles, French general,
xix. 79; ix. 606; in. 130; his invasion
of Holland, xn. 82.
PICHICIAGO, edentate mammal, v. 676;
xv. 387.
PICHINCHA, mountain, Ecuador, vn.
645; xx. 189.
PICK, mining implement, XVI. 444.
, Edward, on mnemonics, xvi. 533.
PICKEREL, fish, xix. 89.
PICKERING, Prof., his method of stellar
photometry, xviil. 841.
CASTLE, Yorkshire, England, xxiv.
749-
PICKLES, xix. 80.
PICKWICK PAPERS, Dickens's novel,
vii. 175.
Pico, island, Azores, in. 172.
— , mountain, Vermont, U.S.A., XXIII.
792.
, Giovanni, of Mirandola, Italian
philosopher, XIX. 80.
PICOTEE, plant, xii. 254; xix. 106.
PICOTITE, mineral, xvi. 386.
PICR^ENA, genus of plants, xx. 160.
PICRIC ACID, v. 85; vm. 808.
PICROLITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
PICROPHYLL, mineral, xvi. 414.
PiCROSMlNE, mineral, xvi. 414.
PICTET, Raoul, his liquefaction of gases,
Xix. 245; his apparatus, xii. 434.
PlCTON, Sir Thomas, British general,
Xix. 81.
PICTONES, tribe of ancient France, xix.
282.
PICTOR, Q. Fabius, Roman historian,
vm. 836; xiv. 728.
PlCTOU, town, Nova Scotia, xvn. 603;
island, xvn. 601.
PICTS, ancient people, Scotland, iv. 353,
663; vm. 265; xxi. 473, 476; of
Irish legend, xm. 244.
PICTS' HOUSES, n. 339; in Orkney and
Shetland, n. 384; xvn. 848.
PICTURE-FRAME MAKING, v. 170.
PICTURE GALLERIES, of Europe, xxi.
444-
PICTURE-WRITING, vn. 447; Mexican,
xvi. 212.
PlCULETS, group of birds, XXIV. 652.
PlCUS, genus of birds, XXIV. 651; III.
716; in Roman mythology, xv. 570.
PlDHAVRO, town, Greece, vin. 476.
PIDURU TALAGALA, mountain, Ceylon,
v- 359-
PIE, or Magpie, bird, xv. 284; xni.
610.
PIEDMONT, region, North Italy, xix.
8 1 ; dialect of, xin. 493 ; under
Cavour, v. 275.
, House of, Italian dynasty, Xin.
483- ^
— , Kingdom of, Italy, Xin. 486.
PIEDMONTITE, mineral, xvi. 409.
PIEDMONT PLATEAU, North Carolina
and Virginia, U.S.A., xvn. 559; xxiv.
256.
PlEPOWDER COURTS, England, VIII.
849.
PiER, Harbour, XI. 455, 465.
PIERCE, Franklin, president of the
United States, xix. Si; xxni. 770.
PLOWMAN'S CREDE, anonymous
poem, xiv. 285.
PIERIA, district, Macedonia, xv. 137.
PIERO DE' FRANCESCHI, Italian painter,
xix. 82; xxi. 435.
PIERPOINT, John, American poet, I. 722.
PIERRE DE PROVENCE ET LA BELLE
MAGUELONNE, romance, xx. 658.
PIERRES PERDUES, in harbours, XL
464.
PlERSON, Abraham, one of the founders
of Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A., xvn.
371-
PIERS THE PLOWMAN, Vision of William
concerning, Langland's poem, XIV.
285, 811; xxi. 319, 740; lines from,
quoted, I. 586.
PIETE, Mont de, national pawnbroking
establishment, Paris, xviil. 283.
PIETER BOTTE, mountain, Mauritius,
xv. 639.
PlETERMARITZBURG, town, Natal, I.
270; xvn. 240.
PIETISM, German religious movement,
xix. 83; ix. 702; x. 532; xx. 289;
xxii. 392; influence of, v. 695; in
Halle university, xxm. 847.
PIETRA DURA, variety of mosaic, xni.
Si.
PIETRO, Giovanni di (Lo Spagna),
Italian painter, xxii. 292.
DE' FRANCESCHI, Italian painter,
xix. 82; xxi. 435.
- IMPERIOLA, prefect of Rome, xx.
789.
PlETROSS, mountain, Transylvania,
xxni. 521.
PIETROZZA, mountain, Austria, in. 116.
PIEZOMETER, for measuring compression
of liquids, xv. 745; XVIIL 549; xxni.
292.
PIG, xxn. 773; diseases of the, xxiv.
205, 206; as an unclean animal, xxni.
18.
PIGALLE, Jean Baptiste, French sculptor,
xix. 84.
PIGAULT-LEBRUN, Charles Antoine
Guillaume, French novelist, xix. 84.
PIGEON, bird, xix. 84, 647; vn. 379;
peculiarities in breeds of,'iv. 246, 247;
carrier, vn. 379.
— ENGLISH, jargon spoken by China
men, v. 38.
ISLAND, West Indies, xxi. 186.
PIGEON-POST, xix. 581.
PIGEON-SHOOTING, xxi. 833.
PlG-lRON, xni. 306; qualities of, xni.
284.
PIGMENTS, xix. 85; in animal tissues,
I. 851; in plants, XIX. 52; in fungi,
IX. 828; from lichens, xiv. 559; of
copper, vi. 351; colours from mixture
of, xiv. 600; for pottery, xix. 643; for
water-colour painting, XVIIL 139.
PlGNATELLl, Antonio (Pope Innocent
XII.), xin. 85.
PlGNEAUX DE BETAINE, bishop in
Tong-Kiiig, xxni. 440.
PlGNORlS CAPIO, in Roman law, xx.
685.
PIGOT, Thomas, English musician, xvn.
89.
PIGOTT'S COMET, vi. 192.
PlG-RAT, rodent mammal, xvn. 5.
PIG-STICKING, sport, xn. 396.
PIGTAIL TOBACCO, xxni. 426.
PIH-TUN-TSZE, porcelain earth, xiv. 90.
PIKE, fish, xix. 88; xn. 693; parasite
in, xxill. 540; angling for, II. 44.
, William, on steam cultivation, I.
317-
, Zebulon M., explorer of New
Mexico, xvn. 401.
PIKE-PERCH, fish, xix. 89.
PIKE'S PEAK, Rocky Mountains, U.S.A.,
xxni. 796.
PILAR, Villa, town, Paraguay, xvm.
244.
PILASTER, in architecture, n. 469;
Egyptian, n. 391;
PILATE, Pontius, Roman governor of
Judaea, xix. 89; xin. 668.
PILATRE DE ROZIER, Frangois, aero
naut, I. 1 88, 191.
PILCHARD, fish, xix. 90; xn. 694 ;
fisheries, VI. 426; IX. 253, 254.
PILCOMAYO, river, South America, xix.
1 88.
PILE, in heraldry, XI. 696.
- FABRICS, cloth, xxiv. 467.
PILES, in bridge-building, IV. 327.
, disease, xi. 366; xxii. 684.
XXV. — 44
346
P I L — P I R
PILGRIMAGE, xix. 90; vi. 622; peni
tential, xvin. 484 ; to Mecca, XV.
670.
. OF GRACE, England, vm. 336.
PILGRIM FATHERS, XH. 726: xv. 615;
xxm. 729.
PILGRIMS, in Middle Ages, xix. 95.
OF THE RHINE, Lyttoii's novel,
xv. 122.
PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, Banyan's work,
iv. 529.
PlLICA, river, Poland, XIX. 307; XX.
218.
PILIDIUM, larva of nemertine worm,
xvii. 331.
PILLAR, in architecture, II. 469; strength
of pillars, IV. 321.
PILLAR-HERMITS, early Christian
ascetics, xvi. 701.
PILLARS OF HERCULES, x. 585; xxn.
3°4-
PILLAU, town, Prussia, xiv. 139.
PILL BEETLES, vi. 131.
PlLLERSDORF, Baron, Austrian minister,
III. 136.
PILLORY, mode of punishment, xix.
95-
AND TUMBRELL (or TUMBRIL),
Cinque Port right, v. 787; Statute of,
I. 167.
PILLOW LACE, xiv. 183, 187.
PILMOOR, Joseph, American Methodist,
xvi. 191.
PILNITZ CONVENTIONS, ix. 602.
PILOCEREUS, group of Cactacese, iv.
626.
PILOLITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
PlLON, Germain, French sculptor, XXI.
563.
PILOT, his legal position, xix. 96; xvii.
279.
PlLOT-FlSH, XIX. 96.
PILOT WHALE, cetacean mammal, xv.
399; xxiv. 525.
PlLPAY (Bidpai), Hindu fabulist, III.
666; his fables, vm. 837.
PILSEN, town, Bohemia, xix. 97.
PlLUM, Roman weapon, II. 554.
PlMAS, American-Indian tribe, XII. 833.
PlMELITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
PlMENTEL, town, Peru, XVIII. 674.
PIMENTO, spice, xix. 97; xvm. 517.
PIN, xix. 97.
PlNACOlD, form of crystal, XVI. 358,
360.
. PINAKOTHEK, art-gallery, at Munich,
Bavaria, xvii. 25.
PINARA, town, Asia Minor, XV. 93.
PINASTER, tree, xix. 104.
PINAX, Greek fictile vessel, xix. 611.
PINCERS, tool, XL 439.
PINCHBECK, alloy of copper and zinc, I.
r-QQ
500.
PlNCKNEY, Charles, American statesman,
xxm. 790.
, Charles Cotesworth, American
statesman, xxm. 790.
P INC. ON, or Pinzon (<}.v.), Vincent Yaiiez,
discoverer of Brazil, XIX. 1 10; IV. 227.
PINDAR, Greek poet, xix. 98; XL 139;
his odes, xix. 270; his house spared by
Alexander, I. 481; Boeckh's edition of,
III. 851.
•, Peter (John Walcot), English sat
irist, xxiv. 628.
PINDAREES, Pindaris, or Pindharis,
race of people, India, xii. 805; xv.
346.
PINDUS, mountain chain, Greece, XL
81; xxm. 298.
PINE, tree, xix. 102; culture of, n. 316,
319; pines of the Alps, I. 632; of
California, iv. 704; of U.S.A., xxm.
808; strength of wood, XXII. 603.
, John, his engraved edition of
Horace, III. 652.
PlNE-APPLE, plant and fruit, XIX. 106;
xii. 274.
PINE-BENDER (Sinis), of Greek legend,
xxm. 294.
PINE GROSBEAK, bird, XL 209.
PlNEL, Philippe, French physician, XIX.
1 06.
PINE MOUNTAIN, Kentucky, U.S.A.,
xiv. 41.
PINE NUT, xvii. 665.
PINE OILS, xvii. 744, 746.
PlNEROLO, town, Italy, xix. 106.
PINERY, in horticulture, xii. 223.
PINES, Isle of, New Caledonia, xvii.
376.
PINE SAW-FLY, insect, xxi. 343.
PINETO, S., his logarithmic tables, Xiv.
775-
PINE TREE STATE (Maine), U.S.A.,
xv. 299.
PlNETTI DE WlLDALLE, Giuseppe,
Italian conjuror, xv. 208.
PINEY TALLOW, xvii. 746.
PINGUICULA, insectivorous plant, XIII.
134, 137-
PINGUITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
FINITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
PlNlTOlD, mineral, xvi. 425.
PINK, plant, xix. 106; xii. 258.
PINKERTON, John, Scottish archaeo
logist, xix. 107.
PINKETHMAN, English pantomimist,
xvm. 216.
PINKIE, Scotland, Battle of (1547), xxi.
500.
PIN-MONEY, XII. 401.
PINNACE, boat, xxi. 825.
PINNACLE, in architecture, II. 469.
PINNIPEDIA, suborder of carnivorous
mammals, XV. 442.
PINOS, Isla de, Cuba, vi. 679.
PlNSK, town, Russia, XIX. 107.
PINTAIL, duck, vn. 506.
PlNTO, disease, xvm. 270.
, Emmanuel, grand-master of the
Knights of St John, xxi. 175.
, Fernao Mendes, Portuguese adven
turer, xix. 107.
PINTURICGHIO (Bernardino di Betti),
Italian painter, xix. 108; IX. 773.
PlNUS, genus of trees, xix. 102.
PlN-WORM, parasite, xxiv. 205.
PINZON, Martin Alonzo, Spanish navi
gator, xix. 109; I. 707; vi. 172.
, Vicente Yauez, Spanish navigator,
Xix. no; I. 707; iv. 227; vi. 172.
PlO, Alberto, Italian patron of early
printing, xv. 512.
PlOMBO, Sebastiano del, Italian painter,
xxi. 615, 442.
PlOTRKOW, town, Russian Poland, Xix.
1 10; diet of (1496), XIX. 290.
Piozzi, Hester Lynch, English writer,
XIX. I 10.
PIPE, musical instrument, xix. no.
, Organ, xvii. 829; theories of sound
from, I. 1 14, 1 15.
•, Tobacco, xix. 1 10.
PIPE-BOWLS, of meerschaum, xv. 825.
PIPE-CLAY, x. 237.
PlPE-FlSHES, XIX. 112.
PIPER, genus of plants, xiv. 18; xvm.
516.
PIPERIC ACID, xvm. 516.
PIPER OF HAMELN, German legend,
XL 409.
PIPE ROLL, of Cloyne, Ireland, vi. 38.
PIPES, of cast-iron, used in place of
aqueducts, II. 222; flow of water in,
xii. 484.
PIPIN AND SPASOVICH, their history
of Slavonic literature, XXI. 108.
PlPISTRELLE, bat, XV. 410.
PIPIT, bird, xix. 112.
PIPPI, Giulio, Italian painter, xix.
112.
PIPPIN, Carlovingian kings, xix. 114.
of Heristal, father of Charles
Martel, xix. 114; IX. 531.
of Landen, Frankish mayor of
the palace, xix. 114; ix. 530.
-, the Short, king of the Franks,
xix. 114; ix. 531; xx. 785.
PlPPUL, or Sacred Fig, tree, IX. 154.
PlPRA, genus of birds, XV. 455.
PlQUA, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xix. 114.
PIQUET, card game, xix. 1 14.
PIRACY, xix. 116; xxi. 607; Algerine,
I. 565; Tunisian, xxm. 621.
, of books, VI. 361.
PIRAEUS, port of Athens, Greece, ill. 4;
xvm. 530.
PlRANESl, Giovanni Battista, Italian
engraver, XIX. 1 1 7.
PIRATES, xix. 117; buccaneers, iv. 408.
PIRITHOUS, in Greek mythology, xiv.
301; xxm. 294.
PIRKHEIMER, Willibald, his relations
with Diirer, VII. 556.
PiRMASENS, town, Bavaria, XIX. 117.
PIRNA, town, Saxony, xix. 118.
PlRON, Alexis, French epigrammatist,
xix. 118.
PIR PANJAB PASS, Kashmir, xiv. 10.
PIRYATIN, town, Russia, xix. 410.
P I S — P L A
347
PISA, town, Italy, xix. 118; baptistery,
xix. 124; cathedral, II. 435; Canipo
Santo cloister, VI. 36; its school of
painting, xxi. 433, 442; pictures, xxi.
447; leaning tower, IV. 753; XXI. 22;
council of (1409), X. 550; XIX. 502;
XX. 320.
, ancient state, Greece, xvil. 766.
, Leonardo of (Pisanus), Italian
mathematician, xix. 124.
PlSAN, Christine de, early French writer,
ix. 647.
PISANELLO (Vittore Pisano), Italian
medallist and sculptor, xix. 124; xxi.
568.
PISANI, Victor, Venetian admiral, xxiv.
144.
PlSANO, Andrea, Italian sculptor, xix.
122.
, Giovanni, Italian architect and
sculptor, xix. 122; wall decorations
of, xvn. 35.
, Giunta, Italian painter, X. 624;
xxi. 433; his fresco painting, IX. 770.
, Niccola, Italian architect and sculp
tor, xix. 123; ii. 435.
— , Nino, Italian sculptor, xix. 122.
— , Vittore, Italian medallist, XIX.
124; medals of, XVII. 657.
PlSANUS, Leonardus, Italian mathe
matician, xix. 124.
PlSATlS, ancient district, Greece, XVII.
765, 766.
PISAURUM (Pesaro), ancient town, Italy,
xvin. 683.
PlSCARY, Common of, fishing right, VI.
209.
PlSCATOR, Lucian's dialogue, XV. 44.
PISCICULTURE, or Fish-Culture, xix.
126; salmon, XXI. 226; in New Zea
land, xvn. 470.
PISCINAE, in architecture, n. 470.
— , Roman baths, in. 434.
PISCO, town, Peru, XVIII. 674.
PlSEK, town, Bohemia, xix. 129.
PISEMSKI, Russian novelist, xxi. 108.
PISE WORK, in building, iv. 471.
PISHIN, valley, Baluchistan, XX. 178.
PISIDES, George, Byzantine writer, X.
429.
PISIDIA, country, Asia Minor, xix.
129; coins of, XVII. 648.
PISIDIUM, genus of Mollusca, XVI. 694.
PISISTRATUS, tyrant of Athens, Xix.
130; XI. 97; xxn. 255; his alleged
collection of the Homeric poems, xil.
116.
Piso, C. Calpurnius, conspirator against
Nero, xvii. 350.
— , Cneius Calpurnius, colleague of
Germanicus, x. 446.
— , L. Calpurnius, heir of Galba,
xvm. 65.
PISOLITE, mineral, xvi. 397.
PISOLITIC IRON ORES, xin. 287.
PlSRA, or Pisren (Prisrend), town,
Roumelia, Turkey, xix. 764.
PISSEVACHE, waterfall, Switzerland,
xxn. 777.
PlSSOPHANE, mineral, XVI. 401.
PISSUTHNES, satrap of Sardis, xvin.
575-
PISTACHIO NUT, xix. 131 ; xvii.
665.
PISTACIA, genus of plants, xv. 621;
xxin. 669.
PISTIL, organ of plants, iv. 135, 141.
PlSTOlA, town, Italy, xix. 130.
— , Cino da, Italian poet, xni. 502.
PISTOL, weapon, xi. 285; xix. 131.
PISUM, genus of plants, xvm. 441.
PlTARD, Jean, French surgeon, XXII,
675.
PITCAIRN, or Pitcairn's Island, island,
South Pacific, xix. 132; settlement of
the islanders on Norfolk Island, xvn.
537-
PlTCAlRNE, Archibald, Scottish physi
cian, xix. 132; xv. 8 1 1.
PITCH, in music, I. 107; of voice, xxiv.
274; xvn. 102.
, tar product, XXIII. 58; Burgundy,
ix. 711; viscosity of, vi. 311.
PITCH-BLENDE, mineral, xvi. 386;
xxiv. 7.
PITCHER-PLANT, xin. 138.
PiTCH-PiNE, tree, xix. 105.
PlTCHSTONE, rock, X. 231, 234.
PITH, in plants, iv. 100.
PITHAGORAS, tyrant of Selinus, XXI.
633.
PITHECIA, genus of apes, n. 154.
PITHECUSA (Ischia), island, Italy, XIII.
385.
PITHO, satrap of Media, xvin. 585.
PITHOLE, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
xvin. 716.
PITHOM, town, Egypt, xix. 133; XX.
265.
PITHOU, Pierre, French jurist, xix.
133-
Pmscus,Bartholomaus, German mathe
matician, xxni. 562; his mathematical
tables, xiv. 775; xxiii. 9.
PITMAN, Isaac, English phonographer,
xxi. 834.
PlTON DES NEIGES, mountain, Reunion,
xx. 491.
PIT PROPS, in mines, xvi. 450.
PITSCOTTIE, Robert of, Scottish chroni
cler, xxi. 542.
PITT, mountain, Oregon, U.S.A., xvn.
822; xxiii. 800.
, William, earl of Chatham, v. 440;
vin. 356.
, William, English statesman, xix.
1345 vin. 358, 359; x. 425; his
measures of finance, IX. 186.
PITTA, bird, xix. 148.
PITTACUS, of Mytilene, Greek sage,
xix. 149.
PITT DIAMOND, vn. 166.
PITTICITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
PITTI GALLERY, at Florence, ix. 332.
PITTSBURGH, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xix. 150.
LANDING, Tennessee, U.S.A.,
Battle of (1862), xxin. 776.
PITTSFIELD, town, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., xix. 151.
PITT'S ISLAND, Pacific Ocean, v. 444.
PITTSTON, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
xix. 151.
PlT-VlPERS, family of snakes, XX. 293,
XXII. 193, 199.
PlTYRIASiS, skin disease, xvm. 270;
XXII. 123.
PITYUSA, Greek colony, Asia Minor,
xiv. 249.
PIURA, San Miguel de, town, Peru, I.
89; xvm. 441, 674.
PiUS L, pope, xix. 151.
- II., pope, xix. 152, 503; xx. 559;
his connexion with Siena, xxn. 41,
43-
III., pope, xix.. 153.
IV., pope, xix. 153, 504; his rela
tion to council of Trent, xxin. 548.
-V., pope, xix. 153, 504.
VI., pope, xix. 154, 507.
-VII., pope, xix. 155, 508; xin.
485.
- VIII., pope, xix. 156, 509.
IX., pope, xix. 156, 509; xin. 488;
xx. 806 ; Vatican Council under
(1869), xxiv. 1 10.
, Quintus Cnecilius Metellus, Roman
general, xvi. 106.
PIVATI, Gianfrancesco, Italian encyclo
paedist, vin. 197.
PlYADASI, Indian king, his edicts in
ancient inscriptions, xin. 118.
PlZARRO, Francisco, conqueror of Peru,
xix. 159; x. 182; conquest of Peru
by, xvill. 677, 679; his treatment of
Atahuallpa, n. 826.
, Gonzalo, Spanish captain, Peru,
xvin. 676.
PIZZOLO, Niccolo, Italian painter, XV.
501.
PLACENTA, of mammals, xv. 368; of
plants, IV. 142 ; placental develop
ments, in physiology, xvin. 364; pla
cental function in congenital disorders,
xvin. 374.
PLACENTALIA, order of mammals, xv.
372, 383-
PLACENTIA (Piacenza)- ancient town,
Italy, XIX. 64; amphitheatre at, I.
775-
BAY, Newfoundland, xvn. 382.
PLACES, Names of, XVIL 168.
PLACODERMI, suborder of fossil fishes,
xn. 686.
PLADDA, islet, Scotland, n. 629.
PLAGIAULAX, fossil mammal, xv. 376.
P LAG IGNITE, mineral, xvi. 394.
PLAGIOSTOMATA, suborder of fishes,
xn. 685.
PLAGIOTROPIC ORGANS, in plants, xix.
61.
348
P L A — P L A
PLAGIUM, in law, xxm. 233.
PLAGUE, epidemic disease, xix. 159;
quarantine against, xx. 156; of London
(1664), xiv. 848; in Egypt, VH. 703.
, History of the, by Defoe, VII. 29.
, Cattle, xvil. 59.
PLAICE, fish, xix. 168.
PLAIDEURS, Les, Racine's play, xx. 206.
PLAIN CHANT, or Plain Song, in music,
xix. 168.
PLAIN DEALER, The, Wycherley's play,
xxiv. 706.
PLAINE DISCOVERY, Napier's work on
the Revelation, xvn. 178.
PLAINFIELD, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.,
xix. 1 68.
PLAIN SONG, in music, xix. 168.
PLAITING, Straw, xxn. 593.
PLAKINA, genus of sponges, xxn. 425.
PLANARIANS, group of worms, xix.
170.
PLANCIUS, Petrus, Dutch cartographer,
xvn. 253; xix. 317.
PLANCK, Gottlieb Jakob, German church
historian, XIX. 175.
PLANE, in geometry, x. 386.
, tool, XL 437.
, tree, Culture of, II. 317.
FIGURES, Mensuration of, xvi. 14;
projection of, XIX. 793.
PLANE-TABLE, for surveying, xxu. 718.
PLANETARY MOTION, Mechanics of, xv.
684, 707, 724-
PLANETS, ii. 776; XL 70; Olbers's hypo
thesis as to their origin, XVII. 753;
their action on the moon, xvi. 802;
minor, table of oppositions of, xvm.
251; rotation of, xxni. 374, 378;
Herschel on rotation of, XL 766;
Kepler's laws of their motion, xiv. 46;
Laplace's discoveries in motions of, xiv.
301 ; Leverrier's revision of theories
of, xiv. 487; Newton's laws of their
motion, xvi. 676; xvil. 441; Ptolemy
on, xx. 90.
PLANIMETER, surveying instrument,
xxil. 721.
PLANING MACHINE, xv. 155.
PLANIPENNIA, group of insects, xm.
151.
PLANISPHERE, Zodiacal, xxiv. 795.
PLANK, Bending of, in mechanics, XV.
744-
PLANOGAMETES, in plant reproduction,
xx. 425.
. PLANTAGENET, English dynasty, xix.
175-
— SPA, Canada, xvi. 436.
PLANTAGO, genus of plants, xix. 176.
PLANTAIN, plant, xix. 176.
PLANTAIN-EATER, bird, xxm. 487.
PLANTATIONS, Formation and manage
ment of, ii. 322.
PLANTIN, Christophe, printer in Ant
werp, xix. 176.
PLANTING, in arboriculture, II. 314.
PLANT-LOUSE, xm. 153.
PLANTS, distinguished from animals,
III. 690; xix. 830; breeds of, IV. 244;
classification, iv. 79; Linnreus's classi
fication, xiv. 672; distribution, VII.
286; fertilization of, by insects, XIII.
142; geological action of, x. 289; his
tology, XII. 10; insectivorous, Xlll.
134; mimicry in, xvi. 343; morpho
logy, xvi. 841; parasitism, xvm. 264;
physiology, XIX. 43; XXI. 406; propa
gation and reproduction, XII. 211, 234;
xx. 423; as totems, xxm. 468.
PLANUDES, Maximus, his Greek antho
logy, II. 104; on numerals, xvil. 626.
PLANULA, in animal development, vill.
746.
PLASENCIA, town, Spain, xix. 177.
PLASMA, precious stone, i. 278.
PLASMOLOGY, study of cell-substance,
xxiv. 817.
PLASSEY, or Plassy, India, Battle of
(1757), vi. 10; xii. 801.
PLASTER CAST, for sculpture, xxi.
571-
PLASTERING, in architecture, II. 470.
PLASTER OF PARIS, or Gypsum, XL 351 ;
xiv. 647, 648; quarries, XVI. 454.
PLASTER-WORK, in building, iv. 504.
PLASTICITY, of metals, xvi. 65.
PLASTIDOZOA, in Lankester's classifica
tion, xxiv. 812.
PLAT, Sir Hugh, on manures, I. 297.
PLATA, La, or Argentine Republic, n.
487.
, Rio de la (The River Plate), river,
South America, xix. 187; II. 489.
PLAT^A, ancient town, Greece, xix.
177; battle of (479 B.C.), xvm. 436,
572.
PLATALEA, genus of birds, XXIL 430.
PLATANISTA, genus of cetacean mam
mals, xv. 397.
PLATE, Gold and silver, xix. 178.
, one of the Princes Islands, Sea of
Marmora, XIX. 742.
, The River, South America, Xix.
187; II. 489.
PLATEARIUS, Joannes, medieval writer
on medicine, XV. 806.
PLATEAU, Joseph Antoine Ferdinand,
Belgian physicist, xix. 189; on sur
face-tension, v. 58.
PLATED WARE, xix. 189.
PLATE GLASS, x. 662.
PLATEN-HALLERMUND, August, count
of, German poet, XIX. 189; x. 545.
PLATEN PRINTING MACHINE, xxm.
704.
PLATE-PRINTING, vm. 439.
PLATERESQUE ARCHITECTURE, n.
442.
PLATERSPIL, musical instrument, xxm.
490.
PLATE SWIMMING, xxn. 771.
PLATFORMS, Railway, xx. 235.
PLATINERITE, mineral, xvi. 387.
PLATINIRIDIUM, mineral, xvi. 383.
PLATINOCYANIDES, platinum com
pounds, xix. 192.
PLATINUM, metal, xix. 189; as chemical
element, v. 537; xvi. 383; its use for
the blowpipe, 111.837; specific heat of,
xx. 132; in iron, xm. 284; mines of,
in LTral Mountains, Russia, xxiv. 5;
mirrors made of, xvi. 501; ores of,
XVI. 58; wire, XXIV. 615.
PLATO, Greek philosopher, xix. 194;
his method of analysis, i. 793 ; in
relation to Aristotle, II. 510; on astro
nomy, II. 747; on the beautiful, I.
215; on communism, vi. 212; econo
mic ideas of, XIX. 349 ; his ethics,
vill. 579; on evolution, vm. 756; on
the fine arts, IX. 199; his logic, xiv.
785; his metaphysics, xvi. 90; on the
Mysteries, xvil. 125; on Socrates, xxn.
232; in relation to Socrates's teaching,
XXII. 237; on sophistry, XXIL 266;
on transmigration of the soul, xvi.
106; his place in Greek literature, XL
142; Ast's translations and comment
aries on, n. 735; Trendelenburg on,
XXIII. 542.
PLATON, Levshin, Russian archbishop,
XIX. 212.
PLATONISM, or Platonic Philosophy, i.
68; in relation to mysticism, xvi I.
130 ; Philo's affinities with, xvm.
760; as modified by Speusippus, xxn.
396.
PLATONISTS, Cambridge, xix. 211.
PLATRIERE, Roland de la, French
Revolutionist, xx. 624.
PLATT DEUTSCH, or Nieder Deutsch,
German idiom, x. 516; xvm. 785;
Renter's writings in, XX. 494.
PLATTE, river, Nebraska, U.S.A., xvn.
307-
FLATTEN- SEE, lake, Hungary, xn.
362.
PLATTNER, Carl Friedrich, German
metallurgist, xix. 212.
PLATTSBURGH, town, New York, U.S.A.,
xix. 213.
PLATTSMOUTH, town, Nebraska, U.S.A.,
XVIL 309.
PLATYHELMIA, phylum in Lankester's
zoological classification, xxiv. 813.
PLATYHELMINTHES, order of worms,
xvn. 326; xix. 170.
PLATYPUS, monotreme mammal, xix.
213; xv. 371, 377.
PLATYSTERNID^E, family of chelonian
reptiles, XXIII. 457.
PLAUEN, town, Saxony, xix. 215.
PLAUTIANUS, commander of Roman
praetorian guards, xxi. 700.
PLAUTUS, T. Maccius, Roman dramatist,
xix. 215; vii. 411; XX.7I7; language
of, xiv. 329, 331.
PLAUZITE, mineral, xvi. 428.
PLAY, PLAYS, Dramatic, vii. 391; copy
right in, vi. 360; licensing of, XIX.
711.
A — P N Y
349
PLAYFAIR, John, Scottish mathematician,
xix. 217; on porisms, xix. 520.
PLAYFORD, John, English musician,
xvii. 88.
PLAZA DE ALMANZOR, mountain, Spain,
xxn. 294.
PLEA, in law, xix. 219.
PLEADING, in law, xix. 217.
PLEASURE, in ethics, vm. 580; xvm.
690; psychological analysis of, XX.
40, 67, 7 1 ; Aristippus's philosophy of,
II. 507; Epicurean theory, VIII. 475;
Stoic theory, xxn. 567.
PLEASURES OF HOPE, by Campbell,
iv. 755-
PLEASURES OF IMAGINATION, by
Akenside, I. 435.
PLEASURES OF MEMORY, Kogers's
poem, xx. 621.
PLEBEIANS, Roman, xvii. 525; xx. 732,
736; in relation to the tribunate,
xxin. 558; law relating to xx. 670.
PLEBISCITUM, in Roman law, xx. 679.
PLEBS, or Plebeians (<li:\ Roman, xvii.
525.
PLECOGLOSSUS, genus of fishes, xxi.
221, 224.
PLECTOGNATHI, order of fishes, xn.
694.
PLECTRORHAMPHUS, genus of birds,
xxiv. 824.
PLECTRUDE, wife of Pippin of Heristal,
ix. 531.
PLEDGE, in law, xix. 220.
PLEIAD, or Pleiade, coterie of French
poets, in. 544; ix. 650; xx. 841;
Daurat's place in, VI. 835.
PLEISTOCENE DEPOSITS, in geology,
x. 365.
PLENIPOTENTIARY, Ministers, envoys,
i. 657.
PLEOCHROISM, in crystals, xvi. 375.
PLEOMORPHISM, of Schizomycetes, xxi.
404.
PLEONASTE, mineral, xvi. 386.
PLEROME, in plant histology, xn. 15.
PLESCHEYEVO, or Pleshtcheevo, lake,
Russia, xvm. 524; xxiv. 271.
PLESIDY, France, Menhir at, xxi. 51.
PLESIOSAURIANS, extinct reptiles, xix.
220.
PLESSIS, Marshal du (Due de Choiseul),
v. 681.
PLETHO, or Gemistus, Georgius, Byzan
tine scholar, x. 136.
PLETHYSMOGRAPH, pulse - measurer,
xxii. 155.
PLETTENBERG, mountain, "Wiirtemberg,
xxiv. 699.
, Walther von, grand-master of
Livonian Brothers of the Sword, XIV.
724.
PLEURAL MEMBRANE, xx. 476.
PLEURENCHYMA, vegetable tissue, iv.
85.
PLEURISY, or Pleuritis, disease, xix.
222.
PLEURONECTES, genus of fishes, xix.
1 68.
PLEURO-PNEUMONIA, cattle disease,
xvii. 60.
PLEVNA, or Pleven, town, Bulgaria,
xix. 224; siege of (1877), ix. 431;
xxi. 102; xxin. 431, 652.
PLEXIMETER, medical instrument, in.
100.
PLEXUSES, Nervous, Anatomy of the, i.
868.
PLEYEL, Ignaz Joseph, Austrian musical
composer, xix. 224.
PLIABILITY, Coefficient of, vi. 311.
PLICA POLONICA, disease, xx. 218.
PLINIUS, or Pliny (g.r.), xix. 224.
PLINTH, in architecture, II. 470,
PLINTHITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
PLINY, The Elder, Roman naturalist,
xix. 224; on birds, xvm. 3; his
economic theories, XIX. 350 ; on
ancient geography, x. 177; on medi
cine, xv. 803; on plants, iv. 79; his
Natural History, vm. 191; his lan
guage and style, XI v. 337; his place in
Roman literature, XX. 726.
, The Younger, Roman consul and
writer, xix. 225; on the early Chris
tians, xin. 658; his Letters, xx. 726;
his relations with Suetonius, XXII.
619 ; with Tacitus, xxm. 19 ; his
panegyric of Trajan, xxm. 504; his
language and style, xiv. 337.
PLINY'S DOVES, Mosaic work of Had
rian's villa, at Tivoli, xvi. 851.
PLIOCENE ROCKS, in geology, x.
364-
PLOCK, government and town, Russian
Poland, xix. 227.
PLOMBGOMME, mineral, xvi. 407.
PLOMBIERES, spa, France, xvi. 436.
PLONER SEE, lake, Schleswig-Holstein,
xxi. 414.
PLONSK, town, Russian Poland, xix.
227.
PLOTINUS, Neoplatonist philosopher,
xii. 603; xvii. 130,335; on the beau
tiful, I. 216; his connexion with
Ammonius, I. 743.
PLOT-MEASURING INSTRUMENT, in
surveying, xxn. 720.
P LOTUS, genus of birds, xxn. 188.
PLOUGH, agricultural implement, I. 311,
313; ploughing, I. 336.
PLOUGHMAN'S COMPLAINT, anonymous
poem, xiv. 8 1 1.
PLOUGHMAN'S CREDE, anonymous
poem, xiv. 285, 811.
PLOVER, bird, xix. 227; American, xiv.
76; golden, xiv. 308; Kentish, xiv.
76; long-legged, xxn. 551; distribu
tion of, in. 757; eggs of, xiv. 308.
PLOVER'S PAGE, bird, xxi. 260.
PLOWMAN, Piers, by Langland, xiv.
285. See Piers.
PLOWMAN'S TALE, The, anonymous
poem, xiv. 285.
PLUCKER, Julius, German mathe
matician and physicist, XIX. 228; his
experiments in magnetic induction,
xv. 250.
PLUG TOBACCO, xxin. 426.
PLUM, tree and fruit, xix. 230; xn. 275
PLUMBAGO, mineral, xix. 230; v. 87.
PLUMBER-WORK, in building, iv. 502
PLUMBOCALCITE, mineral, xvi, 397.
PLUM-KERNEL OIL, xvn. 744.
PLUMMER HALL, Salem, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., xxi. 211.
PLUNGING, in swimming, xxii. 770.
PLUNKET, Lord, Irish lawyer and states
man, xix. 231.
PLUSH, cloth, xix. 232.
PLUTARCH, Greek writer, xix. 232;
xvn. 334. _
PLUTIA (Piazza Armerina), ancient
town, Sicily, xix. 79.
PLUTO, Greek god of the dead, xix.
235-
PLUTUS, Greek god of riches, xix. 236.
, of Aristophanes, II. 509.
PLUVIOGRAPH, Beckley's, xx. 257.
PLUVIOMETER, or Rain Gauge, xx. 256.
PLUVIUS, epithet of Jupiter, xin. 780.
PLYCTOLOPHUS, genus of birds, xvn.
355-
PLYMOUTH, town, England, xix. 236;
dockyard, vn. 315, 318; libraries,
xiv. 52!, 544.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., xix.
238; xxin. 729.
, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., xix.
238.
, town, Montserrat, West Indies,
xvi. 797.
BRETHREN, Christian sect, xix.
238-
COMPANY, Colonies founded by,
XXlll. 729; XV. 615; their settlements
in New Hampshire, U.S.A., xvn. 393.
PNEUMA, Stoic doctrine of, xxn. 564.
PNEUMATIC DESPATCH, xix. 239.
PNEUMATIC INSTITUTION, for cure of
diseases, in. 480.
PNEUMATIC POWER - TRANSMITTER,
xv. 753.
PNEUMATICS, xix. 240; xn. 439, 445;
Papin's inventions in, xvni. 229.
PNEUMATIC SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, in
Rome, XV. 803.
PNEUMATIC TUBES, xn. 491.
PNEUMATOMACHI, early Christian sect,
xv. 145.
PNEUMODERMON, genus of Mollusca,
xvi. 667.
PNEUMOGRAPH, for recording chest
movements, XX. 477.
PNEUMONIA, disease, xix. 249; xvm.
395-
PNEUMONOCHLAMYDA, suborder of
Mollusca, xvi. 649.
P'NOM-PENH, town, Cambodia, iv. 725.
PNYX, place of assembly at Athens,
in. 3.
350
P o — P
Po, river, Italy, xix. 251; xm. 435;
Swiss basin of, xxn. 776.
POACE^E, group of grasses, xi. 58.
POACHING, Legislation on, x. 62.
POAYA, or Ipecacuanha, drug, xm.
210.
POCAHONTAS, Indian princess, XXII.
175-
POCHARD, or Pockard, bird, xix. 252.
POCKET-HOLES, in media3val dress, vi.
468.
POCKNELL, E., his system of shorthand,
xxi. 840.
POCOCK, Edward, English Orientalist,
xix. 252.
POCOCKE, Richard, bishop of Ossory,
Eastern traveller, xix. 253.
POCOMOKE, river, Maryland, U.S.A.,
xv. 603.
POCONCHIS, people, Central America,
xxiv. 760.
POD, form of fruit, IV. 151.
PODAGRA, disease, xvm. 388.
PODARGUS, genus of birds, X. 712.
PODAXONIA, or Polyzoa (q.v.\ xix. 430;
in Lankester's classification, xxiv.
813-
PODESTA, Italian civic ruler, xm. 474.
PODGORITZA, town, Montenegro, xvi.
78!.
PODICA, genus of birds, XX. 223.
PODICEPS, genus of birds, xi. 79.
PODIEBRAD, George of, king of Bo
hemia, xix. 253.
PODIUM SANCM: MARINE (Le Puy),
ancient town, France, XX. 119.
PODOLIA, government, Russia, xix. 253.
PODOLIAN CATTLE, xm. 451.
PODOLSK, town, Russia, xix. 254.
PODOPHTHALMIA, group of Crustacea,
vi. 655.
PODOPHYLLIN, drug, XIX. 255.
POE, Edgar Allan, American writer,
xix. 255; I. 725, 732.
PCECILOPHIS, genus of snakes, xxn.
196.
POERIO, Carlo, Italian statesman, xix.
256.
POETICS, of Aristotle, n. 519.
POETILIAN LAW, Roman, XX. 68 1,
694.
POETRY, xix. 256; as a fine art, ix.
207; of troubadours, xix. 873; Aris
totle's work on, II. 519; Wordsworth's
theory of, XXIV. 670.
POETS, Lives of the, Johnson's work,
xm. 728.
POGANOVKA, town, Russia, xvn. 504.
POGGENDORFF, Johann Christian, Ger
man physicist, xix. 273.
POGGlO(Gian Francesco Poggio Braccio-
lini), Italian humanist, xix. 274; I.
784; his Latinity, xiv. 342.
— GAJELLA, Italy, Cemetery at, v.
216.
POGODINE, Michael Petrovitch, Russian
historian, xxi. 108.
POGROMNA, spa, Eastern Siberia, xxin.
510.
POGY, fish, XIX. 275; XVI. 10.
POINSETTIA, stove plant, xn. 266.
POINSOT, Louis, French mathematician,
xix. 275; his rolling ellipsoid, xv.
737-
POINT, Kinematics of a, xv. 679.
DE GALLE, town, Ceylon, x. 40.
POINTE A PITRE, town, Guadeloupe,
West Indies, XI. 230.
POINTED ARCHITECTURE, n. 422;
churches in, IV. 448.
POINTE DES GALETS, harbour, Reunion,
xx. 493.
POINTER, dog, vn. 330.
POINTING, of walls, in building, iv.
464.
POINT-LACE, xiv. 185.
POINTS, Railway, xx. 237.
PoiRET, Pierre, mystic, xvn. 135.
POISCHWITZ, Prussia, Armistice of
(1813), xvn. 219.
POISONED ARROWS, xxii. 608; of Bush
men, iv. 575.
POISONED WOUNDS, xxii. 68 1.
POISONOUS FOOD, xv. 781.
POISON RINGS, xx. 561.
POISONS, xix. 275; diseases from, xvm.
406; narcotic, treatment of, xvn. 231;
ordeal by, xvn. 819; for arrows, xxii.
608; of snakes, xxii. 191.
PoiSSON, Jeanne Antoinette, Madame
de Pompadour, xix. 443; ix. 586.
-, Simeon Denis, French mathema
tician, xix. 279; his application of
analysis to electricity, vm. 9; on the
equilibrium of fluids, V. 58; on light,
xxiv. 429; on magnetism, xv. 228,
241, 249.
POITEVIN, Alphonse, French photo
grapher, xvm. 831.
POITIERS, town, France, xix. 281;
population, xxiv. 222; university of,
xxiii. 841; battle of (732), ix. 531;
battle of (1356), vn. 686; vm. 318;
ix. 546.
PoiTOU, old province, France, XIX. 282;
mule-breeding in, XVII. 14.
Poix, Prince de, French noble, XVII.
523-
POKER, or Pochard, bird, xix. 252.
— , card game, xix. 282.
POKROFF, town, Russia, xxiv. 271.
POKROVSK, or Pokrovskaya Sloboda,
town, Russia, xix. 284; XXI. 243.
POKROVSKAYA SLOBODA, town, Russia,
xix. 284; xxi. 243.
POKROVSKY CATHEDRAL, Moscow,
Russia, xvi. 867.
POL, Wincenty, Polish writer, xix. 305.
POLA, island, South Pacific, xvn. 279.
— , town, Austria- Hungary, XIX. 284;
observatory at, XVII. 713; battle of
(1379), xxiv. 144.
POLABES, ancient Slavonic tribe, XIV.
347-
POLABISH LANGUAGE, xxii. 154.
POLAND, country, Europe, xix. 285;
treatment of, by Catherine II. of
Russia, v. 233; union with Lithuania,
xiv. 702; its claim to Moldavia, xxi.
18; partitions of, x. 503; xix. 297,
298; xvii. 485; xx. 11; xxi. 100,102;
Reformation in, xx. 336; its relations
with Sweden, xxii. 748; Arianism
in, xxni. 725; coins of, xvn. 658;
language, xvm. 785; xxn. 150; news
papers, xvii. 430; nobility, xvn. 530;
periodical literature, xvm. 543; Pres
byterian Church, XIX. 697; Lelewel's
History of, Xiv. 434.
, Russian, xix. 306; xxi. 69.
POLAR, in geometry, x. 399.
- BEAR, in. 461.
COORDINATES, x. 414.
POLARIMETRY, in optics, XXIV. 451.
POLARIS, Arctic expedition of the, xi.
388.
POLARISCOPE, Arago's, II. 303.
-, Lantern, xv. 213.
POLARITY, xix. 312; magnetic, xv. 227,
266.
POLARIZATION, of light, xiv. 610; xxiv.
445; of the aurora, in. 93; in crystals,
XVI- 373! i]1 electricity, vm. 14,
86-89,93; rotatory, xxiv. 451; action
of sugar on, xxn. 623 ; Brewster's
discoveries in, iv. 276; by reflexion,
Malus's discovery of, xv. 345.
POLAR REGIONS, xix. 315; explorations
of, x. 190; Franklin's explorations, IX.
721; animals, vn. 269, 274; flora,
vn. 287, 289; whale fisheries, xxiv.
527.
POLE, of the earth, x. 198 ; of the
heavens, 1 1. 764.
, in magnetism, xv. 220, 235; xvi.
163; different meanings of, xv. 241.
, Edmund de la, earl of Suffolk,
xxiv. 753.
, Reginald, cardinal, xix. 330; vm.
340; xxiv. 753.
AND POLAR, in geometry, x.
399-
POLECAT, carnivorous mammal, xix.
331; xv. 440.
POLEJNA, genus of sponges, xxn. 414.
POLEMARCH, Greek magistrate, n. 476.
POLEMARCHUS, Athenian, brother of
Lysias, xv. 1 1 7.
POLEMICS, in history of dogmatic, vn.
339-
POLEMON, on physiognomy, xix. 4.
POLENTA, Italian maize porridge, xvm.
476.
POLES, people, Europe, xxn. 145, 147;
xix. 309; in Russia, xxi. So.
POLE STAR, Nautical observations by,
xvn. 269.
POLEVOI, Nicholas, Russian historian,
XXI. 108.
, Paul, Russian writer, xxi. 108.
POLIANI, European people, xix. 285.
P O L — P O L
351
POLIANTHES, genus of plants, xxill.
602.
POLIAS, epithet of Athena, II. 830.
POLICE, xix. 332; of London, xiv. 834;
of Paris, xvm. 283.
POLICHINELLE, French puppet, XX.
1 06.
POLICHNE, suburb of Syracuse, Sicily,
xxil. 813.
POLICRATICUS, John of Salisbury's
work, xm. 718.
POLIGNAC, Jules, Due de, XIX. 345.
— , Jules, Prince de, xix. 345; IX.
619.
, Melchior de, French cardinal, xix.
POLIGRAPHIA, Trithemius's work, VI.
669.
POLINOS, island, zEgean Sea, xv. 841.
POLISH DRAUGHTS, game, vn. 446.
POLISH LANGUAGE, xvm. 785; xxn.
150; dictionaries of, VII. 188.
POLISH LITERATURE, xix. 299.
POLISTES, genus of wasps, XXIV. 392.
POLITIAN (Angelo Poliziano), Italian
scholar and poet, XIX. 345; VI. 418;
xm. 507; xix. 384,385; his Latinity,
xiv. 342; his Favola di Orfeo, xvm.
345-
POLITICAL ECONOMY, xix. 346; con
tributions to the science by Bastiat,
III. 429 ; by Bodin, III. 848 ; by
Cairnes, iv. 643; by Condillac, vi.
253; by Hermann, XI. 740; by Cliffe
Leslie, xiv. 478; by M'Culloch, xv.
134; by James Mill, XVI. 307; by
John Stuart Mill, xvi. 312; by Sir
Dudley North, xvii. 554; by Ricardo,
XX. 534; by Say, XXI. 360; by Senior,
xxi. 663; by Adam Smith, xxil. 169;
by Turgot, XXIII. 629.
POLITICAL GOVERNMENT, XL 10.
POLITICAL JUSTICE, Godwin's treatise
on, x. 717.
POLITICAL SOCIETY, in Austen's system
of law, xiv. 356.
POLITICS, xvm. 796 ; influence of
Christianity on, v. 697; in relation to
socialism, XXIL 220 ; Machiavelli's
reports on, xv. 148.
— , of Aristotle, n. 518.
POLITICUS, dialogue of Plato, Xix. 207.
POLITIQUES, French party, IX. 561.
POLIZIANO, Angelo (Politian, q.v.\
Italian scholar and poet, xix. 345.
POLK, James Knox, president of the
United States, xix. 401; xxill. 767.
POLLACK, fish, xix. 402; xn. 691.
POLLAN, fish, xix. 402; xxi. 223.
POLLEN, of plants, iv. 138; xx. 424;
collection of, by bees, in. 485.
POLLENTIA, ancient town, Italy, v. 584;
battle of (402), xx. 780.
POLLING, Monte, mountain, Italy, xm.
439-
POLLIO, Caius Asinius, Roman orator,
poet, and historian, xix. 402.
POLLIO, Trebellius, Augustan historian,
III. 74.
POLLIS, Syracusan king, xxil. 814.
POLLNITZ, Karl Ludwig, Prussian writer,
Xix. 403.
POLLOCK, Sir George, British general,
I. 240.
POLLOK, Robert, Scottish poet, XIX. 403.
POLLOKSHAWS, town, Scotland, XIX.
403-
POLLUX, mineral, xvi. 421; xix. 592.
, Castor and, in Greek mythology,
v. 199.
•, Julius, Greek sophist, XIX. 403.
POLO, game, xix. 403; xv. 490.
, Gaspar Gil, Spanish pastoral poet,
xvin. 346; XXIL 357.
, Jose Toribio, Peruvian historian,
xvni. 675.
, Maft'eo, Venetian traveller, XIX.
405.
•, Marco, Venetian mediaeval tra
veller, XIX. 404; x. 178; his visit to
China, v. 648; on Prester John, XIX.
717.
, Nicolo, Venetian traveller, XIX.
405.
POLOCHIC, river, Guatemala, XL 239.
POLONSKI, Russian poet, xxi. 109.
POLOTSK, Polotesk, or Poltesk, town,
Russia, xix. 409; population, xxiv.
262.
POLOTZKI, Simeon, Russian writer, XXI.
105.
POLTAVA, government and town,
Russia, xix. 410; battle of (1709),
v. 421; xxi. 97; XXIL 750.
POLVERINA, Tuscan edict, xv. 790.
POLVERINI, Jacopo, Tuscan noble, XV.
790.
POLY/ENUS, author of the Strategies,
xix. 411.
POLYANDRY, ix. 18; in Tibet, xxm.
344-
POLYANTHUS, garden plant, xn. 259;
xix. 737.
POLYARGYRITE, mineral, xvi. 395.
POLYARTHRA, genus of Rotifera, xxi. 4.
POLYBASITE, mineral, xvi. 395; xxn.
69.
POLYBIUS, Greek historian, XIX. 411;
XL 144; his relations with Livy, xiv.
729; on the travels of Pytheas, xx.
143-
POLYBUS, Greek writer on anatomy, I.
800.
POLYCARP, bishop of Smyrna, xix. 414;
II. 197; on the Gospels, x. 815, 822.
POLYCERA, genus of Mollusca, XVI.
655, 657.
POLYCH^ETA, order of Annelida, II. 65.
POLYCHLORITE, colouring matter in
saffron, xxi. 146.
POLYCHRONICON, Higdon's chronicle,
XI. 809.
POLYCHRONIUS, bishop of Apamea,
xxm. 255.
POLYCLADIDA, tribe of planarian
worms, xix. 171, 174.
POLYCLETUS, Greek sculptor, xix. 416;
"• 357-
POLYCLINID.E, family of Tunieata,
xxm. 617.
POLYCONIC DEVELOPMENT, in map-
making, x. 209.
POLYCRASE, mineral, xvi. 427.
POLYCRATES, Athenian rhetorician,
Xix. 417.
-, tyrant of Samos, Greece, xix. 416;
XXI. 249; patron of Anacreon, I. 788;
seal of, x. 138.
POLYDESMUS COMPLANATUS, wheat
pest, xxiv. 536.
POLYDORA, genus of Annelida, II. 71.
POLYDORUS, Rhodian sculptor, xiv.
293-
POLYDYMITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
POLYEMBRYONY, reproductive process
in plants, xx. 429.
POLYESIE, district, Russia, xvi. 478.
POLYEUCTE, Corneille's play, vi. 420.
POLYEUCTES, patriarch of Constanti
nople, xvii. 482.
POLYGAMY, vi. 244; among the Mor
mons, xvi. 827.
POLYGENIST THEORY, of origin of races,
II. 114.
POLYGLOTT, XIX. 417.
BIBLES, xix. 417; in. 647; of
Antwerp (Plantin's), II. 501 ; xix.
177; Complutensian, xm. 694; Wal
ton's, xxiv. 341.
DICTIONARIES, vu. 182 ; Cale-
pino's, iv. 683.
POLYGNOTUS, Greek painter, xix. 417;
II. 358; xvii. 41.
POLYGONS, Construction of, x. 381; xx.
141; mensuration of, xvi. 16.
POLYGONUM, garden perennial, XII. 252.
POLYGORDIUS, genus of worms, XXIV.
683.
POLYHALITE, mineral, xvi. 402.
POLYHEDRA, Mensuration of, xvi. 24.
POLYHISTOR, Cornelius Alexander,
Milesian writer, xix. 418.
— , Morhof s work, xvi. 824.
POLYHYDRITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
POLYHYMNIA, one of the Muses, xvii.
74-
POLYMIGNITE, mineral, xvi. 427.
POLYMITARCYS, gCIlUS of insects, VIII.
458.
POLYNESIA, xix. 418; birds of, in. 741;
languages, xvm. 779; dictionaries of
languages, VII. 192; Christian missions
in, xvi. 516; mythology, xvii. 149;
religions, XX. 364 ; taboo systems,
xxm. 15; totemism, xxill. 468.
POLYOLBION, Drayton's poem, I. 501;
VII. 452.
POLYPE, uses of the term in zoology,
xix. 428.
POLYPHEMUS, of Greek legend, XVIL
346; xix. 559.
352
POL-POO
POLYPHONY, in music, xvn. 86.
POLYPLACOPHORA, order of Mollusca,
xvi. 641.
POLYPOMORPHA, division of Hydrozoa,
xii. 547-
POLYPTEROIDEI, suborder of Mies, xn.
687.
POLYPTERUS, genus of fislies, XIX. 429.
POLYPUS, tumour, xix. 429; xvm.
379-
POLYSPERCHON, Macedonian general,
xix. 429.
POLYSPOREA, order of Protozoa, xix.
855.
POLYSTOME/E, group of trematode
worms, xxiii. 539.
POLYSTYELID/E, family of Tunicata,
xxiii. 617.
POLYTELIIE, mineral, xvi. 395.
POLYTHEISM, xx. 368; xxiii. 234; in
Brahmauism, iv. 208.
POLYTYPE, early stereotype process,
xxiii. 693, 703.
POLYXENA, of Greek legend, xix. 429.
POLYXENE, platinum ore, Xix. 189,
190.
- METALS, xix. 192.
POLYXENUS, genus of Myriapoda, xvn.
119.
POLYZOA, division of animal kingdom,
xix. 429; distribution of, VII. 277,
283.
POMA, his attempt to assassinate Sarpi,
xxi. 312.
POMADE, perfume, xvm. 526.
POMARE, queen of Tahiti, xxiii. 24.
POMARIA (Agadir), Roman town,
Algeria, xxiii. 422.
POMBAL, Marquis de, Portuguese states
man, xix. 441, 550.
POME, form of fruit, iv. 152.
POMEGRANATE, tree and fruit, xix.
441.
POMERANIA, province, Prussia, XIX.
442.
POMERANUS (Johann Bugenhagen), Ger
man Reformer, IV. 445.
POMEROY, town, Ohio, U.S.A., XIX.
443-
POMETIA, ancient town, Italy, xiv.
344-
POMFRET (Pontefract), town, England,
xix. 454; xxiv. 748.
— , John, English poet, XIX. 443.
POMMELOES, fruit, XXI. 727.
POMMER, musical instrument, XVII.
706.
POMONA, Roman goddess, xix. 443.
— , island, Orkney, Scotland, XVII.
846.
POMONY, port, Johanna Island, Africa,
VI. 220.
POMPADOUR, Marquise de, mistress of
Louis XV., xix. 443; ix. 586.
POMPEII, ancient town, Italy, xix. 444;
xxiv. 196; amphitheatre, I. 776;
basilica, in. 412; baths, ill. 435;
street architecture, 1 1. 420; wall de
corations, xvii. 37, 41.
POMPEIOPOLIS, town, Paphlagonia,
xvm. 228.
POMPEIUS, Cneius Magnus (Pompey,
q.v.), Roman triumvir, xix. 450.
— , Sextus Magnus (Pompey), Roman
leader, XIX. 452.
POMPEY (Cneius Magnus Pompeius),
Roman triumvir, XIX. 450; as consul,
xx. 762; his defeat by Ctesar, iv.
638; in Armenia and Parthia, XVIII.
595; his conquest of Palestine, Xlll.
424; in Spain, XXII. 306.
POMPEY'S PILLAR, Egypt, i. 495; vn.
768.
POMPIGNAN, Lanfranc de, French poet
aster, xxi. 23.
POMPILUS, fish, xix. 96.
POMPONIUS MELA, Latin geographer,
xv. 832.
PONAP£, island, Polynesia, xix. 428.
PONCAS, American-Indian tribe, XII.
832.
PONCE, town, Porto Rico, xix. 522.
, Maitre, French sculptor, XXI.
563.
— , Pedro de, teacher of deaf-mutes,
vii. 6.
DE LEON, Luis, Spanish religious
writer, XIV. 455; XXII. 357, 360.
PONCELET, Jean Victor, French mathe
matician, xix. 452; his experiments
on water-wheels, XII. 438.
PONCHO PASS, Rocky Mountains,
U.S.A., xxin. 796.
POND, John, English astronomer, XIX.
452.
PONDICHERRI, French settlement, In
dia, xix. 452.
POND MUSSEL, mollusc, xvi. 686.
PONDOLAND, South Africa, XIII. 817.
PONEROPOLIS (Philippopolis), ancient
town, Thrace, xvni. 753.
PONEVYEZH, town, Russia, xix. 452.
PONIATOWSKI, Polish family, XIX.
453-
— , Stanislaus Augustus, king of
Poland, xix. 297, 453.
PONS, Jean Louis, French astronomer,
xix. 453; his comet, VI. 193.
l, at Newcastle, England, XVII.
377, 379-
PONSARD, FranQois, French dramatist,
xix. 453.
PONS VAROLII, in the brain, I. 871 ;
xix. 36.
PONT, Timothy, on Graham's dyke, II.
140.
PONTA-DELGADA, town, Azores, III.
171.
PONTADERA, Andrea da, Italian sculp
tor, xix. 122.
PONTANUS, Jovianus, Italian humanist,
xix. 454.
PONTCARRE, Camus de, French Chris
tian pastoral poet, xvi 1 1. 346.
PONTCHARTRAIN, Lake, Louisiana,
U.S.A., xv. 20; xvn. 402.
PONT DU CARD, Roman aqueduct at
Ntmes, France, n. 220.
POXTKCORVO, town and principality,
Italy, xix. 454.
PONTEFRACT, town, England, xix. 454;
representation, xxiv. 748 ; castle,
xxiv. 749.
CAKE, confection, xiv. 688.
PONTEVEDRA, province and town, Spain,
xix. 455.
PONTGIBAUD, lead-mines, France, xx.
120.
PONTHUS ET SIDOINE, romance, xx.
658.
PONTIA, island, Italy, xix. 460.
PONTIAC, American-Indian chief, XVIII.
504.
PONTIANAK, district, Borneo, iv. 59.
PONTIAN ISLANDS, Italy, xix. 460.
PONTIFEX, or Pontiff, ancient Roman
priest, XIX. 455.
PONTIFFS, of Roman Church, List of,
Xix. 509.
PONTIFICAL, liturgical service book,
xiv. 710.
PONTINE MARSHES, district, Italy, iv.
751; xiv. 343.
PONTIUS, Paul, engraver of Rubens's
works, vin. 442.
PILATE, Roman procurator of
Palestine, xin. 427.
PONTODRILUS, genus of worms, XXIV.
678.
PONTOISE, town, France, xix. 456; xxi.
625.
PONTOON, for floating bridge, XIX.
456.
PONTOPORIA, genus of cetacean mam
mals, xv. 398.
PONTOPPIDAN, Erik, Danish writer,
xix. 458; xvii. 590.
PONTORMO, Jacopo da, Italian painter,
XIX. 458.
PONTUS, country, Asia Minor, xix. 458;
conquest of, by the Romans, xv. 56;
under Mithradates, xvi. 529; coins of,
XVII. 645.
- DE TYARD, French writer, XIX.
459-
PONT-Y-CVSYLLTE, aqueduct in Wales,
II. 229.
PONTYPOOL, town, England, XIX. 460.
PONTYPRIDD, or Pont-y-tu-Prydd, town,
Wales, XIX. 460; bridge at, iv. 333.
PONY, XII. 191; Highland, I. 385; Shet
land, XVII. 848.
PONZA, island, Italy, xix. 460; xin.
440-
POOAH, or Puya, plant fibre, xx. 506.
POOL, game, ill. 677.
— , town, Wales, xxiv. 500.
POOLE, town, England, XIX. 460; vii.
370.
— , Matthew, English Biblical critic,
xix. 460.
P O O — P
353
POOLE, Paul Falconer, English painter,
xix. 461.
POON A, district, India, XIX. 461; town,
XIX. 462.
POOR CLARES, religious sisterhood, ix.
693, 699; xvi. 711.
POOREE (Puri), district and town, India,
xx. 115.
POORHOUSES, English, XIX. 468.
POOR-LAW PARISH, English, xvni.
296.
POOR-LAW RELIEF, xix. 468, 473 ;
Chalmers's objections to, v. 375.
POOR LAWS, xix. 462; influence of the
poor-law system on wages, XXIV.
POOR RATES, xix. 471, 479.
POOR RICHARD'S ALMANACK, Frank
lin's, i. 721; ix. 712.
POPAYAN, town, Colombia, South
America, xix. 481.
POPE, The, mode of his election, v. 98;
VI. 239; rise of temporal power of,
xin. 468 ; xix. 494, 495 ; relations
with temporal sovereigns, VI. 241 ;
titles conferred by, XXIII. 418; list
of popes, xix. 509. See also Pope-
dom.
, fish, xix. 481.
, Alexander, English poet, XIX. 481 ;
his epitaphs, vni. 495; his optimism,
XVIII. 687; as pastoral poet, xvni.
347; as satirist, xxi. 320; his place in
English literature, vni. 426, 427, 428;
reaction against his style, xxiv. 378;
his relations with Addison, I. 149;
with Broome, IV. 372.
AND BOWLES CONTROVERSY, iv.
179.
POPEDOM, The, Xix. 487; XX. 628; the
States of the Church, XXII. 460 ;
English resistance to, vni. 333; rela
tions with early Church of England,
vni. 372; in relation to the Jesuits,
xin. 648; in time of Reformation, xx.
323; in mediaeval Roman history, xx.
783, 785, 791, 805; relations of, with
Spain, xxii. 315 ; relations of, to
Vatican Council, xxiv. no; conflict
with Venice, xxiv. 146. See Pope.
POPELICANS, Eastern sect, XVIII. 434.
POPILIAN WAY, Italy, xx. 555.
POPINJAY, bird, xvni. 321.
POPISH PLOT, of Titus Gates, xvn.
697.
POPLAR, tree, xix. 510; culture of, n.
318; of Turkestan, xxm. 635.
POPLIN, cloth, xix. 512.
POPOCATEPETL, volcano, Mexico, xix.
512; xvi. 215.
POPOL VUH, ancient Mexican docu
ment, xvi. 208.
POPOVICH, Yovan, Servian dramatist,
xxi. 691.
POPP^A SABINA, wife of the emperor
Nero, XVII. 349.
POPPY, plant, xvn. 231; culture of, in
Behar, in. 508; in Bengal, in. 568; at
Patna, India, XVIII. 409; opium from,
xvii. 787.
— HEADS, in architecture, II. 470.
OIL, xix. 513; xvii. 744.
POPULATION, xix. 513; influence of, 011
agriculture, I. 307; communistic views
of, vi. 215; Malthus's theories, xv.
343; xix. 371.
POPULONIA, Etruscan town, Italy, vni.
636; coins of, xvn. 637.
POPULUS, genus of trees, xix. 510.
— , order of society in Rome, xvn.
525.
POQUELIN, Jean Baptiste (Moli6re, q.v.),
French dramatist, XVI. 624.
PORBEAGLE, fish, xix. 518; xxi. 776.
PORCARi, or Porcaro, Stefano, Roman
conspirator, xvn. 484; xx. 806.
PORCELAIN, finest pottery, xix. 600;
clay for, xiv. i; gilding of, x. 594;
manufacture of, in China, xiv. 90;
Japanese, xm. 590; of Limoges, xiv.
651.
EARTH, or Kaolin, xiv. i ; xvi.
424.
TOWER, at Nanking, China, xvn.
172.
PORCELLANEA, group of Foraminifera,
ix. 376.
PORCH, in architecture, n. 470.
PORCHESTER CASTLE, Portsmouth,
England, xix. 535.
PORCINA, M. vEniilius Lepidus, his
Latin style, xiv. 332.
PORCUPINE, rodent mammal, xix. 518;
xv. 420.
ANT-EATER, vn. 628; xv. 378.
MAN, iv. 245.
PORDENONE, II (Giovanni Antonio
Licinio), Italian painter, xix. 519.
PORFIDO VERDE ANTICO, building
stone, xix. 521.
PORIFERA, in Lankester's classification,
xxiv. 812; embryology of, xx. 419.
PORION EVAPORATOR, used in paper
manufacture, xvm. 226.
PORISM, in geometry, xix. 5 19.
PORK MEASLES, xxm. 52.
PORKOFF, town, Russia, xx. 36.
PORK TRADE, of Chicago, v. 611; in
Cincinnati, v. 784.
PORO (Poros), island, Greece, xix. 521.
PORONAI, river, Saghalin, East Asia,
xxi. 147.
POROS, island, Greece, xix. 521.
PORPEZITE, mineral, xvi. 383.
PORPHYRIO, genus of birds, XVI. 808.
PORPHYROGENITUS, Constantine VII.,
emperor of the East, vi. 301; iv. 613;
XL 145.
PORPHYRY, Neoplatonist philosopher,
xvn. 336; his Isagoge, xxi. 419.
, rock, xix. 521; x. 233; specimens
of, in Venice, xxiv. 149.
PORPOISE, cetacean mammal, xix. 521;
xv. 398; oil from, xvn. 744.
PORPORA, Niccola Antonio, Italian
musical composer, xix. 522; xvn. 92.
PORRETANUS, Gilbertus (Gilbert de la
Porree), scholastic philosopher, x. 592;
xxi. 423.
PORRIDGE, of oatmeal, xvii. 696.
PORRUAH, ancient town, India, x. 115.
PORSENA, Lars, Etruscan king, VIII.
635; XX. 735; his tomb, II. 414.
PORSON, Richard, English scholar, xix.
522.
PORTA, Baccio della, Italian painter,
in. 194; xx. 275.
, Giambattista della, Italian scientist,
xix. 625; i. 70.
PORT ADELAIDE, town, South Australia,
i. 151; xxii. 284.
PORTADOWN, town, Ireland, xix. 526.
PORTAL, Antoine, French anatomist, I.
816.
PORTALIS, Jean Etienne Marie, French
jurist, xix. 526.
PORTA PRAYA, town, Cape Verd Islands,
v. 52.
PORTARLINGTON, town, Ireland, xx.
171.
PORT AU PRINCE, town, Hayti, xix. 526.
PORT BLAIR, town, Andaman Islands,
Indian Ocean, in. 802.
PORT CLARENCE, town, Fernando Po,
West Africa, IX. 100.
PORTCULLIS, in architecture, n. 470.
PORT DARWIN, town, Falkland Islands,
ix. 14.
PORT ELIZABETH, town, Cape Colony,
South Africa, XIX. 527.
PORTENTS, in magic, xv. 202.
PORTER, beverage, iv. 275; adultera
tions of, i. 172.
, Anna Maria, English novelist,
xix. 527.
, David, American naval officer,
xxm. 760.
— , Jane, English novelist, XIX. 527.
, Sir Robert Ker, English traveller,
xix. 527.
PORT GLASGOW, town, Scotland, xix.
527.
PORT HOPE, town, Ontario, Canada,
xix. 528.
PORTHOUSE, Thomas, inventor of flax-
spinning apparatus, xiv. 664.
PORT HURON, town, Michigan, U.S.A.,
xix. 528.
PORTICI, town, Italy, xix. 528.
PORTICO, in architecture, II. 470.
PORTICUS XII. DEORUM, at Rome,
xx. 820.
PORTICUS OCTAVI^E, Rome, xx. 827.
PORT JACKSON, harbour, New South
Wales, xxii. 806.
PORT JERVIS, town, New York, U.S.A.,
xix. 528.
PORTLAND, town, New Brunswick,
xvn. 374; xxi. 172.
, town, Maine, U.S.A., XIX. 528.
, town, Oregon, U.S.A., xix. 529.
XXV. - 45
354
P 0 E — P 0 T
PORTLAND, First Earl of, British general,
xix. 530.
, Third Duke of, British statesman,
xix. 530; vin. 363.
, Isle of, Dorset, England, xix.
530-
CEMENT, iv. 459; v. 328; vi. 243;
quarries of, VII. 371.
VASE, The, x. 649; Wedgwood's
copy of, xxiv. 476.
PORTLAW, town, Ireland, XXIV. 401.
PORT LOKKO, town, Sierra Leone, West
Africa, xxn. 45.
PORT LOUIS, town, France, XV. 4.
PORT LOUIS, town, Mauritius, XV. 640.
PORT LYTTELTON, town, New Zealand,
xix. 530.
PORT MAHON, town, Minorca, xix. 531.
PORT MARLY, village, France, xv. 558.
PORTMOAK PRIORY, Kinross-shire,
Scotland, xiv. 92.
PORTO ALEGRE, town, Brazil, xix. 531.
PORTO BELLO, town, Colombia, South
America, xix. 531 ; capture of, by
Vernon (1739), xxiv. 170.
PORTOBELLO, town, Scotland, xix.
53i-
PORTO CALE, district, Portugal, xix.
539-
PORTOCARRERO, Cardinal, Spanish poli
tician, xxn. 335.
PORTO D'ANZIO, village, Italy, n. 138.
PORTO DOS CAZAES (Porto Alegre),
town, Brazil, xix. 531.
PORTO EMPEDOCLE, town, Sicily, x.
623.
PORTO FARINA, town, Tunis, ix. 34.
PORTO FERRAJO, town, Elba, Italy,
vn. 825.
PORT OF SPAIN, town, Trinidad, West
Indies, xxm. 573.
PORTO GRANDE, town, Cape Verd
Islands, v. 52.
PORTO MAURIZIO, town, Italy, xix.
532-
PORTO Novo, state, Dahomey, Africa,
vi. 764, 766.
PORTO RlCO, island, West Indies, XIX.
532.
PORTO SANTO, island, Madeira, xv.
i8r.
PORTO TORRES, town, Sardinia, xxi.
316.
PORTPATRICK, town, Scotland, xxiv.
563.
PORT PHILLIP BAY, Victoria, Australia,
xv. 835.
PORTREE, town, Skye, Scotland, xxn.
127.
PORT ROYAL, Cistercian abbey, France,
xix. 533; Jansenists of, xiv. 867;
writers of, ix. 66 1; Pascal's connexion
with, xvni. 334.
PORT ROYAL, town, South Carolina,
U.S.A., xxii. 287.
PORT ROYAL, town, Jamaica, West
Indies, xix. 533.
PORT ROYAL, town, Martinique, West
Indies, IX. 420.
PORT ROYALISTS, or Jansenists (q.v.),
xix. 533.
PORTRUSH, town, Ireland, Electric tram
way at, xxm. 495.
PORTS, Law of, xi. 471; in relation to
yachts, xxiv. 725.
PORT SAID, town, Egypt, xix. 534.
PORTSEA, part of Portsmouth, England,
XIX. 534.
PORTSMOUTH, town, England, xix. 534;
dockyard, vil. 313, 318; naval college,
XVII. 263.
— , town, New Hampshire, U.S.A.,
xix. 535.
, town, Ohio, U.S.A., XIX. 535.
-, town, Virginia, U.S.A., XIX. 535.
PORTUCALENSIS TERRA, district, Por
tugal, Xix. 539.
PORTUGAL, xix. 536; invasion of, by
Napoleon I., XVII. 213; Dom Miguel's
pretensions to throne of, XV I. 290;
united with Spain, xxii. 329; sepa
rated from Spain, XXII. 332; Welling
ton's campaigns in, xxiv. 495 ; academy
of sciences, I. 73; army, II. 614; birds,
xvni. 17; coins, xvn. 655; colonies,
I. 710; vi. 159; first settlement of
Brazil by, IV. 228; settlements in Asia,
n. 701; in Africa, I. 269, 272; in India,
xii. 796; forests, IX. 403; Jews in,
XIII. 685; language, xxii. 351; xiv.
341; libraries, xiv. 532, 549; mines,
xvi. 469 ; newspapers, xvn. 431 ;
observatories, xvil. 713; oyster cul
ture, xviii. 108; periodical literature,
xvni. 543; prison system, xix. 761;
railways, XX. 251 ; wine industry,
xxiv. 607.
PORTUGALETE, Bolivia, Silver-mines of,
iv. 13.
PORTUGAL LAUREL, tree, xiv. 348.
PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE, xix. 555 ;
xiv. 341; xx. 668; xxii. 351; diction
aries of, vil. 1 86.
PORTUGUESE LITERATURE, xix. 555.
PORTULACA, genus of plants, xx. 1 16.
PORTUNUS, Roman divinity, xvn. 345.
PORTUS ITIUS, town, Gaul, xni. 517.
PORTUS MAGONIS, ancient town, Bale
aric Islands, xix. 531.
PORTUS PISANUS (Taganrog), ancient
town, Russia, xxm. 21.
PORT VENDRES, town, France, xx. 128.
PORT VICTORIA, Seychelles, Indian
Ocean, xxi. 726.
PORT WINE, xxiv. 607 ; xvn. 795 ;
adulteration of, I. 173.
PORUS, Indian king, XIX. 558; XII.
786, 787; xvni. 586.
PORYETCHIE, town, Russia, xxn. 183.
PORZANA, genus of birds, xx. 223.
POSAUNE, musical instrument, xxm.
586.
POSCHIAVO, district, Valtellina, Switzer
land, xxiv. 45.
POSEIDON, Greek god (the Roman Nep
tune), xix. 558; xvni. 468; xxm.
294; temple of, at Psestum, xvni. 133.
POSEN, province and town, Prussia,
xix. 559.
POSETS, mountain, PjT-cnees, xx. 155.
POSGAM, town, Turkestan, xxiv. 728.
POSHEKHONIE, town, Russia, XXIV. 731.
POSIDONIA, town, Italy, xvni. 132.
POSIDONIUS, Stoic philosopher, xix.
560; XXII. 572; on the circumference
of the globe, X. 176; xx. 92; Strabo
on, xxn. 582.
POSILLIPO, Grotto of, Naples, xvn. 188.
POSITIVE, photographic print, xvni.
824.
POSITIVISM, Comte's philosophy, vi.
234; in its economic aspects, XIX.
390; Littre's contributions to, xiv.
706.
— , Feuerbach's, IX. 123.
POSONIUM (Pressburg), ancient town,
Hungary, xix. 709.
POSOSHKOFF, Ivan, Russian political
economist, xix. 388; xxi. 105.
POSSESSION, in law, xix. 560; xxm.
596.
POSSNECK, town, Germany, xxi. 348.
POSTAGE STAMPS, xix. 585, 588.
POSTAL ANNUITIES AND LIFE ASSUR
ANCE, xix. 574.
POSTAL NOTES, xix. 572.
POSTAL SYSTEM, Rowland Hill's re
forms of, xi. 818 ; ancient Roman
(angaria), n. 26. See also Post-Office.
POSTAL TELEGRAPHS, xix. 574.
POSTAL UNION, International, xix.
584.
POSTHOMERICA, of Quintus Smyrnseus,
xx. 1 88.
POSTIN, dressed sheepskin of Afghani
stan, I. 234.
POST-OFFICE, xix. 562.
SAVINGS BANKS, xxi. 328.
POST-TERTIARY DEPOSITS, in geology,
x. 365.
POSTULATES, in mathematics, in. 159.
POSTULATION, in Roman law, xx. 683.
POSTUMUS, Gallic king, xxiv. 223.
POST WORK, in architecture, n. 470.
POSY RINGS, xx. 561.
POTALA, palace temple, Lhasa, Tibet,
xiv. 500, 502.
POTAMOCHOZRUS, genus of ungulate
mammals, xxn. 774.
POTAMOGALID^E, family of insectivorous
mammals, xv. 404.
POTASH, potassium oxide, xix. 588; as
a flux, xvi. 62; as manure, I. 353;
xv. 509; nitrate of, xvn. 518; salts
of, xvni. 92; xxm. 69.
POTASSIUM, chemical element, Xix.
588; v. 524; as plant food, xix. 49.
- FERROCYANIDE, v. 555.
POTATO, xix. 593; xn. 286; introduc
tion of, into England, I. 299; culture
of, I. 364; in Ireland, xin. 269, 270.
P 0 T — P R, A
355
POTATO, Sweet, xix. 597; xxiv. 727.
BEETLE, insect, vi. 134.
DISEASE, i. 304, 364; ix. 830;
xvm. 266; xix. 596.
STARCH, xxn. 456.
POTCHEFSTROOM, town, Transvaal,
xxm. 518.
POTEMKIN, Gregory Alexandrovicli,
Russian statesman, xix. 598.
POTENGI, river, Brazil, XX. 563.
POTENTIA (Potenza), ancient town,
Italy, xv. 38; xix. 598.
POTENTIAL, in electricity, vin. 25; in
electromagnetisin, vill. 67; in magnet
ism, xv. 228, 231.
FUNCTION, Laplace's formula, xiv.
303-
POTENTILLA, plant, XII. 259.
POTENTITE, nitro-glycerin explosive,
xvii. 521.
POTENZA, province, Italy, ill. 420;
town, xv. 38; xix. 598.
POTGIETER, Everhard Johannes, Dutch
writer, xn. 98.
, Hermann, Boer leader, Transvaal,
xxm. 519.
POTI, town, Transcaucasia, Russia, xix.
598; xxm. 514.
POTlDyEA, town, Macedonia, XV. 138.
POTIN, base metal, xvii. 630.
POTOCKI, Waclaw, Polish poet, xix,
302.
POTOMAC, river, United States, xix.
599; xv. 603.
POTOROO, rat-kangaroo, xm. 840.
POTOSI, town, Bolivia, xix. 599; silver-
mines of, iv. 13.
POTSDAM, town, Prussia, xix. 599 ;
observatory at, xvii. 713.
POTSTONE, mineral, xvi. 414.
POTT, Friedrich August, on comparative
philology, XVIII. 781.
, Johami Heinrich, on alum, 1. 643.
POTTAWATTAMIES, American-Indian
tribe, xn. 831.
POTTER, Cipriani, musician, xvii. 95.
— , Dirk, Dutch -writer, xn. 91.
, Humphrey, improver of the steam-
engine, XXII. 474.
, John, archbishop of Canterbury,
xix. 600.
— , Paul, Dutch painter, XIX. 600.
, Richard, improver of the flute,
xxm. 520.
POTTERIES, The, Staffordshire, England,
xxii. 442.
POTTER'S STONE, i. 439.
POTTER'S WHEEL, xix. 601, 607, 625.
POTTERY, earthen ware, xix. 600; gild
ing of, X. 594; pyrometry applied to,
XX. 133; archaeological, II. 348, 353,
359> 364 5 Assyrian, ill. 189, 190 ;
Indian, xn. 763; Japanese, xm. 590;
Palissy's, xvm. 186; Wedgwood's
manufacture of, xxiv. 476.
POTTINGER, Sir Henry, his treaty with
China, v. 651.
POTTO, lemur, XIV. 443.
POTTSTOWN, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xix. 643.
POTTSVILLE, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xix. 644.
POTUMAYO, river, South America, vi.
153-
POUCE, mountain, Mauritius, xv. 639.
POUGHKEEPSIE, town, New YorK,
U.S.A., xix. 644; convention at (1788),
XI. 413.
POUGUES, spa, France, xvi. 433.
POULS, people, Senegambia, West
Africa, xxi. 662.
POULTRY, xix. 644; ix. 491; breeding
and management of, I. 401; parasites
of, xvm. 260.
POUND, enclosure, xix. 648.
, standard weight, xxiv. 480.
, Silver, of twenty solidi, xvii. 653,
655.
POUNDAGE, tax, ix. 178; xxm. 443.
POUNGDE, town, Burmah, XIX. 807.
POUSHKIN, Alexander, Russian poet,
xix. 648; xxi. 107.
POUSSIN, Caspar, French painter, xix.
650.
, Nicolas, French painter, xix. 649;
xxi. 440.
POUT, fish, xix. 650.
POVINDAHS, Afghan traders, I. 234.
POWAN, fish, xix. 650; XXI. 223.
POWDER MILLS, XL 324.
POWELL, Mary, wife of Milton, xvi.
329-
POWER, Locke on the idea of, xiv. 760.
, Margaret, countess of Blessington,
in. 825.
— LOOM, xxiv. 465; invention of,
v. 166; weaving by, vi. 500.
OF ATTORNEY, in law, HI. 62.
POWERS, of numbers, II. 532.
, Hiram, American sculptor, XIX.
650; xxi. 570.
POWHATAN, Indian chief, XXII. 175.
POWHATTANS, North- American Indians,
i. 690.
POYANG, lake, China, v. 632.
POYAS, Indian tribe, Honduras, xn.
131-
POYNING'S LAW, Ireland, xxii. 470.
POZHARSKI, Prince, Russian leader,
xxi. 95.
POZSONY (Pressburg, q.v.), town, Hun
gary, XIX. 709.
Pozuzu, river, Peru, xvm. 673.
Pozzo Dl BORGO, Carlo Andrea, Corsi-
can politician and Russian diplo
matist, xix. 650; xvii. 193.
POZZUOLANA, volcanic cement, iv. 459.
POZZUOLI, town, Italy, xix. 651; xvii.
1 88.
PRA, river, Russia, xxi. 115.
PRACTICE, in arithmetic, 11. 535.
PRADE, Eugene de, abbot of Darfehl,
xxm. 524.
PRADES, town, France, xx. 128.
PRADIER, James, French sculptor, xix.
651; xxi. 564.
PRADON, Nicolas, French dramatist,
xx. 207.
PRAED, Winthrop Mackworth, English
critic and poet, xix. 651.
PREFECT, Roman officer, xix. 652.
PRyELECTIONES, of Bishop Lowth, XV. 30.
PR^EMONSTRATENSIANS, order of
monks, XV I. 709; abbey of, I. 20.
PR^EMUNIENTES CLAUSE, in convo
cation writ, VI. 325.
PR/EMUNIRE, in law, xix. 653; xxm.
528.
PR^NESTE (Palestriua), ancient town,
Italy, xix. 654.
— CALENDAR, ix. 43.
P ERNESTINE LOTS, oracle at Prseneste,
xix. 654.
PR/EPOSITUS, Nicolaus, mediaeval writer
on medicine, XV. 806.
PR^ESCRIPTIO, in Roman law, xix. 704.
PR^ETEXTA, in Roman drama, vn. 410.
PRAETOR, Roman magistrate, xix. 655,
885; xx. 738, 771.
PR^TORIAN CAMP, Rome, xx. 828.
PRAETORIANS, Roman emperor's body
guard, xix. 656.
PRjETORiUM, Roman military head
quarters, xix. 656.
PR^TORIUS, Michael, German musical
composer, xix. 656.
PRAG (Prague, q.v.), Bohemia, XIX. 657.
PRAGA, suburb of Warsaw, Poland,
xxiv. 376.
PRAGMATIC SANCTIONS, xix. 657; in.
127; vi. 241; x. 492, 502; of Bourges,
IX. 550; of Charles VI., IX. 585;
xxn. 338; of St Louis, IX. 543; Xix.
501.
PRAGUE, capital of Bohemia, xix. 657;
Four Articles of (1420), xn. 407; peace
of (1866), in. 140; ix. 625; x. 511;
libraries, xiv. 547; observatory, XVII.
713; university, xxm. 839, 841, 846.
PRAGUERIE, league, France, ix. 550;
xv. 1 8.
PRAHRAN, suburb of Melbourne, Vic
toria, Australia, Xix. 659; XV. 836.
PRAIRIE DOG, xv. 560.
PRAIRIE-LARK, bird, xix. 112.
PRAIRIES, of North America, xxm
8 10.
PRAJAPATI, Brahman divinity, iv. 206.
PRAKRIT, Sanskrit dialects of India,
xix. 659; xi. 841; xxi. 269, 285;
dictionaries of, vii. 191.
PRAM, Christen Hendriksen, Scandi
navian poet, xix. 659.
PRAPRI, town, Siam, xxi. 853.
PRASE, mineral, xvi. 389.
PRASCOLITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
PRASIAS, lake, Macedonia, xv. 137.
PRASLIN, island, Seychelles, Indian
Ocean, xxi. 725.
PRATABGARH (Partabgarh), district,
India, xvm. 328.
356
P E A — P R I
PRATENSIS, Jodocus (Josquin Depres),
Flemish musical composer, VII. 101;
xvn. 83; xvin. 180.
PRATER, park, Vienna, xxiv. 221.
PRATINCOLA, genus of birds, xix. 659;
xxiv. 537.
PRATINCOLE, bird, xix. 659.
PRATO, town, Italy, xix. 660; pictures
in, XXI. 447.
PRATT, Charles, Earl Camden, iv. 735.
PRAWN, crustacean, vi. 645, 657; xxi.
847; fisheries, IX. 265.
PRAXAGORAS of Cos, anatomist, i. Soi.
PRAXITELES, Greek sculptor, xix. 660;
ii. 360; xviii. 853.
PRAYER, xiv. 695; in relation to vows,
xxiv. 300; Stoic theory of, xxil. 569.
BOOK, of English Church, vin.
338, 340; xiv. 710; revision of, vi.
328.
BOOKS, Jewish, xv. 292.
PRAYER-THONGS, or Phylacteries, xix.
i.
PRAYING MANTIS, insect, xv. 503.
PREACHING, Homiletic, xn. 125.
FRIARS, or Mendicant Friars, Con
vents of, i. 21.
PREANGER, residency, Java, xin. 606.
PREBENDARY, ecclesiastical officer, v.
228.
PRECEDENCE, of rank or place, xix. 660.
PRECEPTORY, in architecture, n. 471.
PRECESSION, in tides, xxm. 361.
OF THE EQUINOXES, n. 750, 762,
794-
PRECIEUSES, Paris literary coterie, XX.
264.
RIDICULES, Molicre's play, xvi.
627.
PRECIOUS METALS, xvi. 724; falsifica
tion of, I. 176; their relation to value,
xxiv. 51. See also Gold and Silver.
PRECISION BALANCE, in. 263.
PREDESTINATION, in theology, xix.
668; St Paul's doctrine of, xvm. 427;
Suarez on, xxn. 616.
PREDICTIONS, Astrological, n. 742.
PRE-EMPTION, in law, xxi. 209.
PREFECT, or Proefect, Roman officer,
xix. 652.
PREGNANCY, in medical jurisprudence,
xv. 779; concealment of, Xin. 4; sub
jective impressions during, xvi. 765.
PREHISTORIC MAN, n. 341.
PREHNITE, mineral, xvi. 424.
PRELLER, Friedrich, German painter,
xix. 671.
, Ludwig, German writer, on class
ical mythology, xix. 671.
PRELUDE, The, Wordsworth's poem,
xxiv. 668.
PREMIER, or Prime Minister, British,
xvi. 472 ; list of British premiers,
vin. 368.
PREMISSES, in logic, xiv. 788.
PREMIUM, Fire insurance, xm. 162,
165; life assurance, xm. 172, 179.
PREMONSTRATENSIAN CANONS, i. 20;
xvi. 709.
PREMYSL, founder of Bohemian dynasty,
in. 860.
PRENADILLA, fish, xxn. 68.
PRENZLAU, town, Prussia, xix. 672.
PREPOSITIONS, in grammar, XL 41.
PRERADOVIC, Peter, Servian poet, XXI.
691.
PRE-RAPHAELITISM, in poetry and art,
xx. 857; xxi. 442.
PRERAU, town, Moravia, xix. 672.
PREROGATIVE, in law, xix. 672.
PRESBURG, or Pressburg (q.v.), town,
Hungary, xix. 709.
PRESBYOPIA, defect of the eye, xvn.
785; spectacles for, XXII. 373.
PRESBYTER, church officer, xix. 674,
724; vni. 484.
, Anonymus, early Servian writer,
xxi. 689.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCHES, Service in,
xiv. 711.
PRESBYTERIANISM, xix. 676; its estab
lishment in Scotland, XXL 503, 508,
518; Milton's relations to, xvi. 330.
PRESBYTERIAN ORGANIZATION, in
apostolic times, v. 700.
PRESBYTERY, in architecture, n. 471.
PRESCOT, town, England, xix. 702.
PRESCOTT, William Hickling, American
historian, xix. 702; I. 723.
PRESCRIPTION, in law, xix. 704; xiv.
650.
PRESENT, Psychological presentation of
the, XX. 64.
PRESENTATION, in psychology, xx.
41.
, to a benefice, XX. 158.
— OF B. V. MARY, Festival of, xv.
592.
PRESERN, Francis, Slovenian poet, xxn.
150.
PRESERVED FOOD, xix. 707.
PRESERVES, eye protectors, xxn. 372.
, of fruit, xin. 564.
PRESIDENT, United States, Office of,
xxm. 750; veto of, xxm. 749; xxiv.
207; list of presidents, xxm. 787.
PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL, England,
xxii. 458.
PRESOVA (Eperies),town, Hungary, vin.
457-
PRESQUE ISLE, Lake Erie, North
America, XXI ll. 734.
PRESS, Liberty of the, in England (1695),
vili. 352; Milton on the, XVI. 330.
See Press Laws.
, Newspaper, xvn. 412.
— ASSOCIATION, London, xvn. 413.
PRESSBURG, town, Hungary, xix. 709;
libraries, xiv. 547; treaty of (1805),
in. 133; ix. 615; xvn. 210.
PRESSE, La, Paris newspaper, xvn.
426.
PRESSER, Land, agricultural implement,
I. 319.
PRESSHEFE, German yeast, xxiv. 734.
PRESS LAWS, xix. 710; xvn. 416.
PRESS MACHINES, Printing, xxm.
704.
PRESSURE, Physical theory of action of,
XIX. 2.
— GAUGE, xv. 494.
PREST, Godfred, English sculptor, xxi.
559-
PRESTE-LES-BAINS, spa, France, xx.
128.
PRESTER JOHN, of mediaeval writers,
xix. 714; i. 65; xvi. 745.
PRESTIDIGITATION, or Sleight of Hand,
xiv. 414; xv. 207.
PRESTON, town, England, xix. 718.
PRESTONPANS, Scotland, Battle of
(1745), v. 426; vin. 355; xxi. 526.
PRESTWICH, town, England, xix. 719.
PRETENDER (Charles Edward Stuart),
v. 426; vin. 355; xxi. 520; xxn. 610.
(James Stuart), Xiil. 560; xxi. 520;
xxii. 610.
PRETORIA, town, Transvaal, xxm. 518.
PRETORIUS, Andries, Boer chief, South
Africa, xxm. 519.
PRETYMAN, George, tutor of Pitt, xix.
135-
PREVESA, town, Turkey in Europe, xix.
719.
PREVOST, Hippolyte, French steno
grapher, XXI. 841.
— , Pierre, Swiss scientist, xix. 719;
on radiation of heat, XX. 213, 214.
D' EXILLES, Antoine Francois,
French novelist, XIX. 719.
PREVOST-PARADOL, Lucien Anatole,
French writer, xix. 720.
PRIAM, of Greek legend, xxm. 578,
533.
PRIAPUS, of Greek mythology, xix.
720; xiv. 250.
PRIBRAM, town, Bohemia, xix. 720.
PRICE, in economics, xxiv. 46; law re
lating to, xxi. 205; theories of, xix.
356; quotations of, or price lists, XXII.
465.
— , J. E., on ancient London, xiv.
841.
, Richard, English philosopher, XIX.
721; his system of morals, vin. 603.
P RICHARD, James Cowles, English
ethnologist, XIX. 722; on the natural
history of man, n. 107, 109.
PRICKLY PEAR, iv. 626.
PRIDE, fish, xiv. 249.
— , Thomas, Parliamentary officer,
xix. 723.
- AND PREJUDICE, Jane Austen's
novel, in. 101.
PRIDEAUX, Humphrey, English theo
logian, xix. 723.
PRIDE OF INDIA, tree, xvin. 519.
PRIDE'S PURGE, in English history, vni.
347; xix. 723.
PRIESSNITZ, Vincenz, hydropathist, in.
438; xn. 542.
P K I — P E O
357
PRIEST, xix. 724; in Israel, in. 634;
xin. 419; xiv. 488; xvni. 510; in
orders of Komaii Catholic Church,
xvni. 820; in Greek Church, XI. 159.
See also xxi. 132.
, High, Jewish, XVIII. 510; Xiv.
488; xxii. 812.
PRIESTLEY, Joseph, English scientist and
theologian, XIX. 730; xxni. 726; his
chemical discoveries, v. 462; his place
in English literature, vin. 432; his
unpopularity in Birmingham, in. 786.
PRIESTLY CODE, of the Pentateuch,
xvni. 506, 510.
PRIEST'S TITHES, xxni. 411.
PRIEUR, Barthelemy, French sculptor,
xxi. 563.
PRIGNANI, Bartolommeo (Pope Urban
VI.), xxiv. 8.
PRIGOROD, dependent municipality,
Russia, XX. 36.
PRILUKI, town, Russia, xix. 410.
PRIM, Juan, Spanish statesman, xix.
732; xxn. 346.
PRIMARY ROCKS, in geology, x. 328.
PRIMATE, in ecclesiastical hierarchy,
xix. 733.
PRIMATES, order of Mammalia, II. 108;
xv. 444.
PRIME, card game, xix. 282.
MINISTER, British, iv. 619; xvi.
473-
MOVERS, in mechanics, xv. 772.
PRIMES, or Prime Numbers, Tables of,
xxni. 7.
PRIMITIVE MARRIAGE, J. F. M'Lennan's
work on, xv. 162.
PRIMITIVE METHODISM, xvi. 192.
PRIMOGENITURE, xix. 733; in Roman
law, xx. 673.
PRIMROSE, plant (genus Primula), xix.
737; xii. 252, 259, 264.
PRINCE, title, xix. 738; xxni. 418.
CHARLES'S FORELAND, Spitz-
bergen, xxii. 408.
EDWARD ISLAND, province of
Canada, Xix. 739.
— OF WALES, title, xix. 739.
OF WALES ISLAND, or Penang,
Malay Peninsula, XIX. 741 ; XXII. 587.
- OF WALES ISLAND, York Pen
insula, Australia, Xix. 741.
OF WALES LAND, North America,
xix. 742.
PRINCES ISLANDS, Sea of Marmora,
xix. 742.
PRINCESS, title, xix. 738.
PRINCETON, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.,
xix. 742; college, xxni. 857; xvni.
397; xix. 697; xxiv. 732; libraries,
xiv. 551; observatory, xvn. 715.
PRINCETOWN, town, Prince Edward
Island, xix. 740.
PRINCIPAL AND AGENT, Law of, i. 280.
PRINCIPATE, the Roman, xx. 769.
PRINCIPE, II, Machiavelli's treatise, xv.
149.
PRINCIPIA, Sir Isaac Newton's treatise,
xvn. 444.
PHILOSOPHIC, Descartes's work,
vn. 120.
PRINGLE, Sir John, Scottish physician,
xix. 742; xv. 815.
PRINKIPO, island, Sea of Marmora, xix.
742.
PRINSEP, James, on Indian inscriptions,
xin. 118.
PRINSEP'S ALLOYS, Fusing point of, xx.
132.
PRINSTERER, Wilhelm Groen van,
Dutch statesman and historian, xi.
206.
PRINTING, xxni. 68 1, 697; invention
of, in China, v. 662; Fust's connexion
with invention of, in Europe, IX. 853;
Gutenberg's, XI. 336; influence of its
invention on English literature, vin.
413; of the Aldine press, xv. 512; for
the blind, ill. 827; by the Estienne
family, xxn. 534; lithographic, XIV.
700; monopoly of, XIX. 711; photogra
phic, xvni. 830; introduced into Rus
sia, XXI. 104; early specimens of, III.
652; Milton on the liberty of, XVI. 330.
— , Calico, IV. 684.
OFFICE, Departments of a, xxni.
710.
PAPER, Sizes of, xvni. 226.
PRINTS, Cleaning of, in. 821.
P RIO DON, genus of edentate mammals,
xv. 387.
PRIONOTELUS, genus of birds, xxni.
584.
PRIOR, Matthew, English poet, xix. 743.
PRIORY, monastery, I. 10.
PRISCA, Moutanist prophetess, xvi.
775-
PRISCIAN, Latin grammarian, XIX. 743.
PRISCILLIAN, Spanish heretic, xix. 746.
PRISCILLIANISTS, Spanish heretical
sect, xix. 746 ; Martin of Tours's
entreaties for them, XV. 582.
PRISDRA, or Prisdren (Prisrend), town,
Roumelia, Turkey, Xix. 764.
PRISHTINA, town, European Turkey,
xix. 746.
PRISM, its action in relation to light,
xiv. 591, 612; xvn. 800; xxiv. 427,
436; use of, for lighthouses, xiv. 619,
622; measurement of, x. 387; xvi. 22;
for spectacles, XXII. 372; use of, in
spectroscopy, XXII. 373; crystalline,
XVI- 347. 358. 36o> 361; polarizing,
invented by Nicol, xvn. 489.
PRISMATIC GUNPOWDER, XL 329.
PRISMATIC SYSTEM, of crystals, xvi.
359-
PRISMATOID, Mensuration of, xvi. 23.
PRISON DISCIPLINE, xix. 747; diet in,
VII. 21 1 ; reformatory schools, XX. 338.
PRISON REFORM, Fliedner's labours for,
ix. 307; Mrs Fry's, IX. 805; Howard's,
xn. 320.
PRISONS, XIX. 747; military, II. 587.
PRISREND, town, Roumelia, Turkey,
xix. 764; I. 448.
PRISTINA, or Prishtina, town, European
Turkey, xix. 746.
PRISTIS, genus of fishes, xx. 299.
PRISTIURUS, genus of sharks, xxi. 775.
PRITCHARD, Charles, his method of
stellar photometry, xvni. 841.
PRITHIWI-NARAYANA, king of Nepal,
xvn. 344.
PRITHWIRAJ, Hindu king, XL 843.
PRITTER, town, Wollin, Prussia, xxiv.
633-
PRIVAS, town, France, n. 479.
PRIVATEER, PRIVATEERING, xix. 764;
iv. 409; xin. 194.
PRIVET, shrub, xix. 764; xiv. 640.
PRIVILEGE, in law, xix. 764; in
libel cases, xiv. 506.
PRIVY COUNCIL, British, xix. 765;
judicial committee of, II. 209;
precedence of, xix. 662 ; Temple's
reform of, xxni. 172.
PRIVY COUNCILLOR, Title of, xxni.
418.
PRIVY-SEAL, Keeper of, England, xxn.
458.
PRIZE, of war, xix. 766.
— COURT, xix. 767.
MONEY, xix. 767; distribution of,
in British navy, xvn. 298.
PROBABILISM, in casuistry, v. 204; xiv.
636.
PROBABILITY, Mathematical theory of,
Xix. 768; I. 560; Laplace's theory of,
xiv. 304.
PROBATE, of a will, xxiv. 572.
PROBLEM, Geometrical, denned, xix.
519.
OF THREE BODIES, in astronomy,
ii. 759.
PROBLEMS, Indeterminate, in algebra,
I. 554.
PROBOLINGO, town, Java, xin. 606.
PROBOSCIDEA, suborder of mammals,
xv. 423.
PRO BUS of Antioch, Syriac writer, XXII.
831-
, Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor,
XIX. 789.
, Valerius, Roman grammarian,
xvni. 662.
PROCAMBIUM, in plant development,
xn. 15.
PROCEDURE, Judicial, Rules of, xiv.
358; in Roman law, XX. 707, 711.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY,
of London, XXI. 39.
PROCESS, in law, xix. 789.
- BLOCKS, for printing, XXIII. 704.
PROCESSIONS, Religious, xiv. 695.
PROCIDA, island, Italy, xix. 789; xin.
440; xvn. 1 88.
, John of, Sicilian liberator, V.
423-
PROCLA, or Procula, Claudia, wife of
Pilate, Xix. 89.
358
P R 0 — P R 0
PROCLUS, bishop of Cyzicus, his rela
tions to Nestorianism, xvn. 353.
, Neoplatonist philosopher, XVII.
338; on porisms, xix. 519.
PROCNE, Myth of, xvn. 499.
PROCONSUL, Roman magistrate, VI. 315;
xix. 655, 885; xx. 746.
PROCONSULARE IMPERIUM, Roman,
xx. 769.
PROCOPIUS, Roman historian, xix. 789;
his attacks on the empress Theodora,
xxin. 253.
, Andreas, Hussite leader, xix. 792.
PROCOPOVICH, Feofane, Russian educa
tionist, xxi. 105.
PROCRUSTES, of Greek legend, xix.
559; xxni. 294.
PROCTER, Adelaide Anne, English
poetess, xix. 792.
, Bryan Waller, English poet, xix.
792.
PROCTOR, meanings of the term, xix.
792; university officer, XXIII. 835.
PROCULIANS, Roman jurists, xiv. 164.
PROCURATOR-FISCAL, Scottish law
officer, xix. 792.
PROCYON, genus of carnivorous mam
mals, xv. 441; xx. 202.
PRODICUS of Ceos, Greek philosopher,
xix. 792; xxii. 264.
PRODIGIES, vn. 293; xv. 201.
PRODOTISCUS, genus of birds, xii.
140.
PRODROMUS, Theodorus, Greek writer,
xi. 145, 148.
PRODUCTION, family of Brachiopoda,
iv. 195.
PRODUCTION, Cost of, in economics,
xxiv. 48.
PROEDRIA, at Olympia, Greece, xvn.
769.
PROFANE SWEARING, xvn. 701.
PROFIT, in economics, xxiv. 49; taxes
on, xxm. 87; Adam Smith's views of,
xix. 367.
AND LOSS, Calculation of, II. 536.
PROGNOSIS, in medicine, XV. 800.
PROGNOSTICATIONS, in almanacs, i.
591; meteorological, xvi. 158.
PROGRESO, town, Yucatan, Central
America, xxiv. 758.
PROGRESSION, in algebra, I. 536.
PROGRESS OF THE SOUL, Donne's work,
vn. 364.
PROHIBITION, in law, xix. 793.
LIQUOR LAWS, XL 20; xiv. 688.
PROJECTILES, laws of their flight, xxn.
47 ; motion of, xi. 68 ; path of, xv.
683, 707; stability of rotation of, XI I.
457; velocity of, xi. 301.
PROJECTION, in mathematics, xix. 793;
X~oo
• 3"°-
OF THE SPHERE, on maps, x.
201; Mercator's, xv. 520.
PROJECTIONS, Parallel, of figures, xv.
751-
PROLOGUES, Dramatic, vn. 392.
PROME, district, Burmah, XIX. 806 ;
town, xix. 807.
PROMEROPS, genus of birds, xx. 553;
xxii. 652.
PROMESSI SPOSI, Manzoni's novel, xin.
SIS-
PROMETHEUS, of Greek mythology,
xix. 807; xxiv. 782.
, JEschylus's drama, I. 209.
UNBOUND, by Shelley, xxi. 793.
PROMISE OF MARRIAGE, xv. 566;
breach of, xxiv. 643.
PROMORPHOLOGY, branch of morpho
logy, xvi. 843.
PRONAOS, in architecture, n. 471.
PRONGBUCK, antelope, n. 102.
PRONSK, town, Russia, xxi. 116.
PRONUNCIATION, xvm. 782, 787; xxii.
381-
PRONY, Gaspard Clair Francois Riche
de, French engineer, XIX. 808; on the
velocity of running water, XII. 437.
PRONYA, river, Russia, xxi. 115.
PROOF, in logic, xiv. 790.
-, Burden of, in law, VIII. 742.
PROOFS, Printer's, Correcting of, xxin.
701.
PROPAGANDA, commission of Catholic
missions, XIX. 809.
PROPAGATION, of a wave, xxiv. 424.
PROPANE, paraffin, xvm. 238, 239.
PROPELLER, Screw, of ship, xxi. 823.
PROPENSITIES, in phrenology, xvm.
844-
PROPERTIUS, Sextus, Roman poet, xix.
Sn; xx. 723; his language and style,
xiv. 335.
PROPERTY, Real and Personal, xvm.
664; in land, XIV. 259; communist
views of, VI. 21 1 ; law of, in relation
to domicile, vn. 352 ; law of in
heritance of, XIII. 77; in relation to
intestacy, xill. 198; rights of, in
Roman law, xx. 673, 689, 713; social
ist views of, xxii. 207.
PROPHECY, Newton's works on, xvn.
448; astrological, II. 742.
PROPHET, PROPHETS, xix. 814, 674;
of Israel, III. 634, 639; xill. 407,
417. ^
PROPHETE, Le, Meyerbeer's opera, xvi.
OOO(
PROPITHECUS, genus of lemurs, xiv.
441.
PROPORTION, in algebra, I. 536; in
arithmetic, II. 535; in geometry, X.
382; statistical, xxii. 465; Pytha
gorean theory of, xx. 142.
PROPOSITIONS, in logic, xiv. 788.
PROPRIETOR, Roman officer, xix. 655,
CQr
085.
PROPYL/EA, in architecture, II. 471;
xvm. 530; of Athens, in. 6; Egyptian,
II. 388; Greek, II. 411.
PROPYLITE, rock, x. 235.
PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT, vm.
336; xvm. 310.
PROSE, in relation to poetry, xix. 261.
PROSELYTE, Jewish, xix. 823.
PROSENCHYMA, tissue in plants, xii. 14.
PROSERPINE, of Greek mythology, xix.
824; xxin. 296; mysteries of, vm.
126.
PROSGENITE, mineral, xvi. 399.
PROSKUROFF, town, Russia, xix. 824,
254.
PROSLOGION, of Anselm, n. 92.
PROSODY, Sanskrit, xxi. 293.
PROSOPITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
PROSPECTING, in mining, xvi. 442.
PROSPER of Aquitaine, early Christian
writer, xix. 824.
PROSSNITZ, town, Austria, xix. 825.
PROSTHAPH/ERESIS, method of calcula
tion, xvii. 182.
PROSTITUTES, Police duties in relation
to, xix. 335.
PROTAGON, constituent of nerve tissue,
v. 579.
PROTAGORAS of Abdera, Greek sophist,
xix. 825; XXII. 264; on scepticism,
xxi. 379.
, dialogue of Plato, xix. 196.
PROTAXONIA, morphological term, xvi.
844.
PROTECTION, of trade, ix. 753; in
United States, xxin. 754, 761, 776.
PROTECTIVE DUTIES, on commerce, ix.
753-
PROTECTORATE, in English history,
vm. 348.
PROTEIDS, albumenoid substances, v.
579; xvii. 674, 676; vegetable, xix.
54-
PRO-TELES, genus of carnivorous mam
mals, xv. 437.
PROTEOMYXA, class of Protozoa, xix.
339-
PROTESTANT CHURCHES, in Europe,
vm. 712.
PROTESTANTENVEREIN, German associ
ation, xix. 825; x. 500; xxi. i.
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, of
America, vm. 493; xxin. 829; lit
urgy of, xiv. 711.
PROTESTANTISM, xx. 319; historical
continuity of, xxiv. 322; economic
effects of, XIX. 353; relation of, to
council of Trent, xxin. 544.
PROTESTANTS, xix. 826 ; origin of
name, xv. 80.
PROTESTANT SOCIALISM, xxn. 215.
PROTESTANT UNION, of Germany, xix.
825; x. 500; xxi. i.
PROTESTERS, of the Scottish Church,
xix. 683; xxi. 514.
PROTEUS, of Greek mythology, XIX.
827.
, Cabinet of, Tobin and Pepper's
spectral illusion, XV. 207.
ANGUINUS, species of Amphibia,
xix. 827.
PROTHALLIUM, in plant reproduction,
xx. 430.
P B O — P S Y
359
PROTISTA, group of plant-animal forms,
i. 843; xix. 832.
PROTODRILUS, genus of worms, xxiv.
684.
PROTOGENES, Greek painter, xix. 827.
— , genus of Protozoa, Xix. 839.
PROTONEMA, germinating organ in
mosses, xvn. 72.
PROTOPHYTA, class of plants, in. 693;
xix. 832.
PROTOPLASM, fundamental form of
living matter, Xix. 828, 12, 21, 43;
I. 843; ill. 679; VIII. 163; XII. 4, 10;
xvi. 841; xx. 415; xxiv. 816; of
sponges, xxn. 420; in plants, IV. 84.
PROTOPTERUS, genus of fishes, xiv.
468.
PROTOTHERIA, subclass of Mammalia,
xv. 371, 377.
PROTOZOA, lowest grade of the animal
kingdom, Xix. 830; II. 50; embryo
logy of, xx. 418; generation of, vin.
169; skeletal conditions of, XXII. 106;
parasitic forms, XVIII. 258; in Lan-
kester's classification, XXIV. 812.
PROTRACHEATA, group of Myriapoda,
xvii. 116.
PROTRACTOR, surveying instrument,
xxn. 721.
PROUD FLESH, xvm. 363.
PROUDHON, Pierre Joseph, French
socialistic writer, XIX. 866; XXII. 216.
PROUST, Louis Joseph, French chemist,
v. 464.
PROUSTITE, mineral, xvi. 395.
PROUT, Father (Francis Mahony), Irish
song-writer and humanist, xv. 288.
, Samuel, English painter, XIX.
867; as lithographic artist, XIV. 701.
PROVENCAL LANGUAGE, xix. 867; xiv.
340; relation of, to Catalan, XXI I.
347; to French, IX. 631; dictionaries
of, vii. 185.
PROVENCAL LITERATURE, xix. 872;
IX. 646; Italian writers of, XIII. 499;
its influence in Portugal, XIX. 555.
PROVENCE, old province of France, xix.
877-
PROVERBS, Book of, in Scripture, xix.
879; in. 639.
PROVIDENCE, town, Rhode Island,
U.S.A., xix. 883; xx. 524; founding
of, by Roger Williams, xxiv. 587;
libraries, xiv. 551.
PROVINCE, Roman, xix. 884.
PROVINCETOWN HARBOUR, Massachu
setts, U.S.A., xv. 612.
PROVINCE WELLESLEY, Straits Settle
ments, Asia, xxii. 586.
PROVINCIAL LETTERS, Pascal's, xvm.
335-
PROVINS, town, France, xix. 886.
PROVISIONS OF OXFORD (1258), xvi.
788.
PROVO, town, Utah, U.S.A., xxiv. 20.
PROVOCATION, in relation to homicide,
xvii. 53.
PROVOKED WIFE, Vanbrugh's play,
xxiv. 55.
PROXY, in law, xix. 792.
PRUDENTIUS, Aurelius Clemens, Span
ish Christian poet, xx. i; as hymn-
writer, XII. 582.
PRUD'HOMMES, Conseils de, France,
xiv. 173; xvm. 286.
PRUD'HON, Pierre, French painter, XX.
i.
PRUNE, fruit, xix. 230.
PRUNING, of plants, xn. 214, 241.
PRUNUS, genus of trees, xiv. 348; xvm.
442; xix. 230.
PRURITUS, skin disease, xxn. 123.
PRUSA (Broussa), ancient toAvn, Asia
Minor, IV. 383.
PRUSSIA, kingdom, Europe, XX. i; dis
pute with Austria (1848-50), X. 508;
war with Austria (1866), in. 140; IX.
625; Christianization of, X. 491; war
with France (1870), ix. 626; as leader
of Germany, x. 505; relations with
Napoleon ( 1 805), xvn. 209 ; Napoleon's
war with (1813), IX. 617; share in
partition of Poland, xix. 298; under
Stein's ministry, xxii. 530; under
William I., xxiv. 582; Teutonic Order
of Knights in, XXIII. 201; army, II.
595; chronology of, xx. 13; news
papers, XVII. 429; prison system, XIX.
760.
— , Duchy of, Germany, xx. 5, 19.
, East, province of Prussia, xx. 19.
— , Rhenish, province of Prussia, XX.
20.
, West, province of Prussia, XX. 20.
PRUSSIAN BLUE, vn. 577; xix. 87;
xx. 24.
PRUSSIAN LANGUAGE (Celtic), Diction
aries of, vn. 1 88.
PRUSSIANS, race of people, Europe, xx.
5; in Lithuania, xiv. 702.
PRUSSIATE OF POTASH, xx. 22.
PRUSSIC ACID, xx. 21; v. 554; as a
poison, xix. 278.
PRUTH, river, Roumania and Russia,
in. 615; xxi. 14, 73.
PRY, Paul, in English comedy, XIV. 695.
PRYBILOV ISLANDS, North Pacific,
Birds of, III. 753.
PRYNNE, William, English political
writer, xx. 25; xvm. 205; on English
public records, xx. 313.
PRYTANEION, at Olympia, Greece, xvii.
769.
PRYTANIS, Greek official, xx. 28.
PRYTZ, Andreas, bishop of Linkoping,
Sweden, XXII. 754.
PRZASNYSZ, town, Russian Poland, xix.
227.
PRZEDBORZ, town, Poland, xx. 218.
PRZEMYSL, town, Austria, xx. 28.
PRZEMYSLAW, king of Poland, xix. 287.
PRZIBRAM, town, Bohemia, xix. 720.
PSALMANAZAR, George, literary adven
turer, xx. 28.
PSALMS, Book of, xx. 29; in. 638;
English versions, xn. 589; Marot's
translation, XV. 563.
— OF SOLOMON, n. 181; xvi. 55.
PSALM TONES (or TUNES), xix. 169.
PSALTER, of Scripture, xx. 29; ancient
Polish, xix. 299; Aldhelm's, vill. 382;
Schorham's and Rolle's, vill. 383.
(or PSALMS) OF SOLOMON, n. 181;
on the Messiah, xvi. 55.
PSALTERY, musical instrument, xx. 34;
XL 489.
PSAMMETICHUS, or Psametik, king of
Egypt, vn. 743.
PSAMMITES, Archimedes's treatise, II.
381.
PSAMMOBIA, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
688.
PSAMMOPHID/E, family of snakes, xxn.
192.
PSELLUS, Michael, Byzantine writer,
XX. 35; XI. 147.
, Michael Constantine, Byzantine
writer, xx. 35; vin. 192.
PSEUDOBRANCHUS, genus of Amphibia,
xxii. 97.
PSEUDOCHIRUS, genus of marsupial
mammals, xvm. 728.
PSEUDO-DlONYSIAN MYSTICISM, XVII.
I3I-
PSEUDO-MARTYR, Donne's work, vn.
364-
PSEUDOMORPHS, metamorphosed crys
tals, xvi. 371.
PSEUDONYMOUS BOOKS, in. 657.
PSEUDONYMS, Anagrammatic, i. 791.
PSEUDOPHYLLID^E, family of tape
worms, xxin. 54.
PSEUDOSCARUS, genus of fishes, xvm.
324-
PSEUDOSCOPE, Wheatstone's, xxn.
540.
PSEUDOTRIONYCHID^, family of che-
lonian reptiles, xxiii. 457.
PSIDIUM, genus of trees, XI. 242.
PSILOMELANE, mineral, xv. 479; xvi.
388.
PSILORITI, Mount, Crete, vi. 569.
PSITTACI, order of birds, xv. 7, 130.
PSITTACINITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
PsiTTACOMORPHjE, group of birds, III.
714; XVIII. 322.
PSITTACULA, genus of birds, xv. 28;
xvm. 323.
PSITTACUS, genus of birds, xvii. 354;
xvm. 323.
PSKOFF, government, Russia, XX. 35;
as a republic, xxi. 89; town, xx. 36.
PSOCID/E, group of insects, XIII. 152.
PSOPHIA, genns of birds, XXIII. 594.
PSORIASIS, skin disease, xxn. 123.
PSYCHE, in Greek mythology, vi. 709.
PSYCHOGRAPHY, spirit-writing, XXII.
405.
PSYCHOLOGY, xx. 37 ; xvm. 793; as a
basis of anthropological classification,
II. 108; analysis and synthesis applied
360
P S Y — P U L
to, I. 796; in relation to ethics, vm. 574;
to evolution, Vlll. 766; to logic, xiv.
780; to metaphysics, xvi. 88; to phren
ology, xvm. 848; of religion, xxm.
274, 276; Aristotle's, II. 522; Samuel
Bailey on, ill. 242; Beneke's system,
ill. 560; Brodie's work on, IV. 359;
Thomas Brown's contributions to, iv.
388; of Charron, v. 431; of Condillac,
VI. 251; Cousin on, VI. 525; of Des
cartes, vii. 126; Hegel's theory, XI.
620; Herbart on, XI. 719; Hume's
theory, xn. 352; of Kant, xill. 848;
Leibnitz's contributions to, xiv. 422;
Lewes's conceptions of, xiv. 491; of
Lotze, xv. 14; of Plato, xix. 201; of
Schleiermacher, XXI. 411; of Scho
penhauer, XXI. 457; Stoic doctrine,
xxii. 565; Xenocrates's system, xxiv.
719.
PSYCHO-PHYSICS, xxiv. 469.
PTAH, Egyptian deity, II. 173; vn. 717;
temple of, vii. 773.
PTARMIGAN, bird, xi. 222.
PTERANODON, fossil reptile, xx. 87.
PTERIA, or Pterium, ancient town,
Phrygia, in. 858; xvm. 850.
PTERIDOPHYTA, subkingdom of plants,
in. 694; ix. 101; xxiv. 129.
PTEROBRANCHIA, division of Polyzoa,
xix. 434.
PTEROCARPUS, genus of plants, vii. 389;
xiv. 91; xxi. 256.
PTEROCLES, genus of birds, xxi. 258.
PTEROCLID^E, group of birds, xvm. 46.
PTERODACTYLE, fossil reptile, xx. 86;
vn. 385.
PTEROGLOSSUS, genus of birds, xxm.
477-
PTEROMYS, genus of rodent mammals,
xxii. 438.
PTEROPODA, branch of Mollusca, xvi.
665.
PTEROPODID^E, family of bats, xv. 409.
PTEROPOD OOZE, of Pacific Ocean,
xvm. 123.
PTEROPTOCHUS, genus of birds, xxm.
49-
PTEROPUS, genus of bats, ix. 352; xv.
409.
PTEROSAURIA, fossil reptile, xx. 87.
PTEROTRACHEA, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
654.
PTERYGIUM, disease of the eye, xvn.
780.
PTERYLOGRAPHY, in ornithology, in.
776; xvm. 26.
PTILORIS, genus of birds, xx. 553.
PTOLEM^EUS. See Ptolemy.
, Valentinian theologian, xxiv. 38.
PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM, of astronomy, i.
4995 n. 75°, 777-
PTOLEMIES, kings of Egypt, vii. 745;
their Hellenizing influence, xv. 144;
coins of, xvn. 650; their promotion
of geographical discovery, X. 176; in
Palestine, xm. 420.
PTOLEMY I. (Soter), king of Egypt, vn.
745; XV. 142; founder of Alexan
drian library, I. 498; of Alexandrian
museum, i. 69.
— , II. (Philadelphia) and III. (Euer-
getes), vn. 745.
, IV. (Philopator), V. (Epiphanes),
VI. (Philometor), and VII. (Euergetes
II.), vii. 746.
-, VIII. (Lathyrus), IX. (Alexander
I.), X. (Alexander II.), XI. (Auletes),
XII., and XIII., vii. 747.
(Claudius Ptolemreus), Egyptian
astronomer and geographer, xx. 87 ;
x. 177; xv. 517; xvii. 709; his
system of astronomy, I. 499; n. 750,
777; on the lunar theory, xvi. 799;
his catalogue of the stars, XVIII. 840;
on climatic zones, VI. i ; on musical
intonation, xvn. 78.
PTOMAINES, in medicine, xxi. 666;
xxii. 680.
PTYALIN, alimentary secretion, xvn.
671.
PTYAS, genus of snakes, xxn. 194.
PUBERTY, in law, xni. i; totemistic
ceremonies connected with, XXIII.
470.
PUBIS, Anatomy of the, I. 828.
PUBLIC DEBT, xvn. 243; of United
States, xxm. 747, 766, 778, 780, 828.
PUBLIC HEALTH, xx. 96; Acts relating
to, xv. 797, 798.
PUBLIC-HOUSE LICENCES, xiv. 690.
PUBLICIAN EDICT, in Roman law, xx.
699.
PUBLIC OCCURRENCES, Boston news
paper, xvii. 433.
PUBLICOLA, Valerius, Roman consul,
xxiv. 41.
PUBLIC RECORDS, of England, xx. 310.
PUBLIC SAFETY, Committee of, France,
ix. 605.
PUBLIC WEAL, League of the, France,
ix. 552.
PUBLIC WORKS, British department of,
xvi. 474.
PUBLILIAN LAW, Roman, xx. 737.
PUBLILIUS SYRUS, Latin farce-writer,
xx. 97.
PUBLISHING, of books, iv. 40.
PUBLIUS (or PUBLILIUS) SYRUS, Latin
farce-writer, xx. 97.
PUCCI, Antonio, Italian comic poet,
xni. 505.
, Orazio, Tuscan noble, xv. 791.
PUCCINIA GRAMINIS, corn-mildew, xvi.
293-
PUCELLE, La, Voltaire's poem, XXI v. 292.
, La, Chapelain's epic, V. 396.
PUCHERITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
PUCHERO, Spanish lentil food, XIV. 447.
PiiCKLER-MuSKAU, Hermann L. H.,
Prince of, German writer, XX. 98.
PUDDINGSTONE, rock, X. 237.
PUDDLING, of iron, xni. 320.
PUDSEY, town, England, xx. 98.
PUDUPAK, PUDUPET, parts of Madras
city, India, xv. 188.
PUEBLA, town, Mexico, xx. 98; xvi.
214; state, xvi. 214.
PUEBLOS, American-Indian tribe, xn.
833.
PUELCHE, American-Indians, xn.
829.
PUEMUNUS, Italian deity, XIX. 443.
PUENTEAREAS, town, Spain, xix. 455.
PUERTO AMERICANO, town, Chilian
Patagonia, xvm. 352.
PUERTO CABELLO, town, Venezuela,
xx. 98.
PUERTO DE ISABEL, town, Fernando
Po, Africa, IX. 100.
PUERTO DE NAVACERRADA, town,
Spain, xxn. 294.
PUERTO DE SANTA MARIA, town,
Spain, xx. 99.
PUERTO GUZMAN BLANCO, town,
Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
PUERTO PRINCIPE, town, Cuba, xx.
99-
PUERTO Rico, or Porto Rico, island,
West Indies, xix. 532.
PUERTO SUCRE, town, Venezuela,
xxiv. 140.
PUFENDORF, Samuel, German political
and philosophical writer, xx. 99.
PUFF-ADDER, viper, xxiv. 247.
PUFF-BIRD, XX. 101.
PUFFIN, bird, xx. 101.
PUFFINUS, genus of birds, XXI. 781.
PUFFLERITE, mineral, xvi. 423.
PUGATCHEFF, J., leader of Cossack
rebels, xxi. 99.
PUGET, Pierre, French painter, sculptor,
and architect, xx. 102; xxi. 563.
SOUND, Washington Territory,
U.S.A., xxiv. 385.
PUGHE, William Owen, on Welsh litera
ture, v. 314.
PUGIN, Augustus Welby Xorthmore,
English architect, xx. 102.
PUGLIA, Francesco di, his challenge to
Savonarola, xxi. 337.
PUISSANCE MOTRICE, Carnot's work,
xxm. 283.
PUKHTU LANGUAGE, Afghanistan, i.
238.
PUKHTUNWALI, system of Afghan law,
i. 237.
PULASKI, or Pulawski, Casimir, Polish
patriot, XIX. 297; as American general,
XXin. 790.
PUTCI, Luigi, Italian poet, xx. 103;
xni. 507.
PULCINELLA, Neapolitan puppet, xx.
1 06.
PULEX, genus of insects, ix. 300.
PULGAR, Fernando de, Spanish prose-
writer, XX. 103.
PULICAT, lake, India, XV. 184.
PULKOVA, or Pulkowa, village, Russia,
xxi. 194; observatory at, xvn. 714;
telescope in observatory, xxm. 150.
P U Y
361
PULLEY, in block machinery, III. 833;
xv. 733.
PiJLLNA, spa, Bohemia, XVI. 436.
PULMONATA, order of Mollusca, XVI.
660; xxn. 187.
PULNEY (Palni), town, India, XV. 192.
PULO CONDORE, port, Cochin China,
vi. 93.
PULO PENANG, island, Malay Penin
sula, xv. 321; xix. 741.
PULPIT, in architecture, II. 471.
PULQUE, South American drink, IV. 264.
PULSE, in physiology, xxiv. 103.
PULSOMETER, mining pump, XVI. 458;
xxn. 516.
PULTAMARCA, Peru, Sulphur springs of,
v. 279.
PULTENEY, William, earl of Bath,
English politician, XX. 103.
PULTNEYTOWN, part of Wick, Scotland,
xxiv. 556.
PULTOWA (Poltava), town, Russia, xix.
410; battle of (1709), v. 421; XXL 97;
xxii. 750.
PULTUSK, town, Russia, XIV. 817.
PULVERIZER, agricultural implement,
xvi. 463.
PULVINUS, group of cells in plants, xix.
63-
PULWUL (Palwal), town, India, xvni.
203.
PUMA, carnivorous mammal, XX. 104;
i. 682; xv. 435.
PUMICE, volcanic product, xx. 105; x.
234-
PUMP, Mechanism of, xn. 533; xix.
241, 246; condensing, Papin's inven
tion of, xvni. 228; mining, xvi. 458;
in ships, XXI. 816.
PUMP, Air-, I. 429. See Air-Pump.
PUMPING, on rivers, xx. 573; engines
for, xxn. 515.
PUMPKIN, vegetable, XL 4; xn. 283.
PUMPKIN-SEED OIL, xvn. 744.
PUNA, district, Bolivia, IV. 12.
, mountains, Peru, xvni. 672.
PUNAKHA, town, India, III. 632.
PUNALUAN FAMILY, ix. 22.
PUNCH, English comic journal, v. 105;
xxi. 320 ; Leech's connexion with,
XIV. 406 ; Thackeray's contributions
to, xxiii. 214.
AND JUDY, puppets, xx. 106.
PUNCHINELLO, puppet, xx. 105.
PUNCHING MACHINE, xv. 157.
PUNCH MAHAULS (Panch Mahals),
district, India, XVIII. 210.
PUNCTUATION, in ancient MSS., xvm.
163.
PUNDERPOOR, or Pandarpur, town,
India, xvni. 210; xxi. 832.
PUNIAL, state, on upper Indus, X. 597.
PUNICA, epic of Silius, XXII. 54.
, genus of plants, xix. 441.
PUNIC WARS, of Rome, v. 161; xx.
747; effects of the first upon Sicily,
xxn. 21 ; the second, XL 442.
PUNISHMENT, by imprisonment, xix.
747; by torture, xxm. 460; under
Roman law, xx. 675.
PUNJAB, province, British India, xx.
1 06; invasion of, by Mahmud, xv.
286; annexation of, by England, xn.
808; rivers of, XII. 847; university
of, XXIII. 856.
PUNJABI LANGUAGE, Dictionaries of,
vn. 191.
PUNNAH, state, India, xvni. 213.
PUNO, town, Peru, XVIII. 675.
PUNTA ARENAS, town, Chili, xvni.
352-
PUPA, of insects, xn. 574; XIII. 147; of
butterflies, IV. 594.
PUPIPARA, group of insects, Xlll. 150.
PUPIVORA, class of insects, xn. 629.
PUPPET-SHOWS, xv. 546; xx. 105.
PURACE, volcano, Colombia, South
America, xix. 481; xxn. 634.
PURANAS, Brahman histories, xxi.
283.
PURBACH, or Beurbach, George, Aus
trian astronomer, II. 751; XX. 341;
xxiii. 562.
PURBECK, peninsula, Dorset, England,
VII. 371; stone of, xv. 529.
BEDS, geological series, x. 354,
356-
PURCELL, Henry, English musical com
poser, XX. 112; VII. 437; XVII. 88,
90.
PURCHAS, Samuel, English geographi
cal writer, XX. 114; x. 183.
PURCHASER, in law, xxi. 206.
PURCHASE SYSTEM, of British army,
n. 575-
PURGATORIO, Dante's, vi. 815.
PURGATORY, xx. 114; vin. 537.
PURGING-NUT OIL, XVII. 744, 746.
PURGOLOVO, village, Russia, XXI. 194.
PURGSTALL, Joseph von Hammer-, Aus
trian Orientalist, XI. 426.
PURI, district, British India, XX. 115;
town, xx. 115; xvn. 845.
PURIFICATION, Ceremonial, I. 50; by
fire, ix. 232; among the Greeks and
Romans, xv. 69.
, Feast of the, xv. 592.
PURIM, Jewish feast, xx. 115; vm.
561.
PURITANISM, in relation to the English
drama, vn. 433; to English literature,
vin. 417; to Presbyterianism, XIX.
685 ; to the Renaissance, XX. 393;
Laud's opposition to, Xiv. 346; Mil
ton's relations to, xvi. 328.
PURITANS, in England, vin. 340, 346,
376, 378; xii. 723; Neal's History of,
xvn. 303.
PURITY, in ethics, vin. 590.
PURKINJE'S FIGURES, in vision, vin.
819.
PURLIEU LAND, in forest laws, ix. 409.
PURNIAH, district, British India, xx.
115; town, xx. 116.
PURPLE, dye, xx. 116; vn. 571, 579;
xvi. 648; XVIIL 804; from lichens,
Xiv. 559.
ISLAND, poem by Phineas Fletcher,
ix. 305.
LINEN, Phoenician, xxni. 207.
ORE, of iron, XIII. 285.
PURPOSIVE ACTION, in psychology, xx,
73-
PURPURA, disease, xx. 116.
, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 649, 652.
PURRE, bird, xxi. 260.
PURSLANE, plant, xx. 116.
PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE UNDER
DIFFICULTIES, Craik's book, vi. 542.
PURSUIVANT, heraldic officer, XL 687.
PURVEY, John, English Lollard, Xiv.
811; his version of the Bible, vin.
383; xxiv. 710.
PURVEYANCE, in feudalism, xiv. 115;
royal, IX. 177; levying of, I. 294; pre
rogative of, xix. 672.
PURWAKARTA, town, Java, xin. 606.
PURWOREDJO, town, Java, xin. 606.
Pus, in pathology, xxii. 683; pus-
corpuscles, xvni. 365.
PUSEY, Edward Bouverie, English
theologian, xx. 116; on German
rationalism, xx. 290.
, Philip, agriculturist, I. 324, 328.
PUSEYISM, religious movement, XX.
117.
PUSHKIN, or Poushkin, Alexander,
Russian poet, xix. 648; xxi. 107.
PUSHTU LANGUAGE, Afghanistan, i.
238; dictionaries of, VII. 191.
PUSSLY, or Purslane, plant, xx. 116.
PUSTULE, Malignant, xx. 118; xxiv.
663.
PUTBUS, town, Riigen, Prussia, XXI. 57.
PUTEAUX, town, France, xxi. 624.
PUTEOLI (Pozzuoli), ancient town, Italy,
xvn. 188; xix. 651.
PUTNAM, Fort, New York, U.S.A., xn.
33i-
, Israel, American revolutionary
officer, xxni. 790.
PUTNEY, suburb of London, xx. 118;
xiv. 822.
PUTORIUS, genus of carnivorous mam
mals, xv. 440; xvi. 474; xix. 331;
xxiv. 462.
PUTREFACTION, ix. 97; in animal tis
sues, xxn. 679; due to minute organ
isms, XXI. 407; prevention of, II. 135;
of drowned bodies, vn. 474.
PUTTE, Samuel van de, Dutch traveller,
x. 1 88; in Tibet, xiv. 503.
PUTTY, cement, xx. 118.
PUY, Le, town, France, XX. 118.
, The, early London guild of musi
cians, XVII. 84.
PUYA, plant fibre, xx. 506.
PUY DE DOME, department, France,
xx. 119.
PUY DE PARIOU, mountain, France,
xx. 119.
XXV. — 46
362
P U Y — Q U M
Puv DE SANCY, mountain, France, xx.
119.
PUYNIPET, island, Caroline group,
Pacific, v. 126.
PUYSEGUR, Marquis de, mesmerist, xv.
278.
PYAEMIA, disease, xvm. 401; xxn. 678.
PYATIGORSK, town, Caucasus, Kussia,
xx. 120.
PYCNIDES, organs in lichens, xiv. 555.
PYCNIDIA, in plant development, xx.
424.
PYCNITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
PYCNODONTOIDEI, suborder of fishes,
xii. 687.
PYCNOGONUM, genus of Arachnida, n.
277.
PYCNOTROP, mineral, xvi. 414.
PYDNA, town, Macedonia, xv. 137; battle
of (168), xvm. 435.
PYGMALION, of Greek legend, xx. 120;
xvm. 807.
PYGMIES, xx. 120.
PYGOBRANCHIA, suborder of Mollusca,
xvi. 655.
PYGOPODES, group of birds, xvin. 45.
PYUE CILICLE, pass, Asia Minor, n.
705.
PYL^EMENES, rulers of Paphlagoiiia,
xvm. 227.
PYLAS, king of Tyre, xvm. 808.
PYLORUS, outlet of the stomach, vn.
224; stricture of, XXII. 575.
PYLUS, town, Messenia, Greece, xvi. 53.
PYM, John, English politician, XX. 120;
v. 405.
PYNCHON, William, early American
colonizer, XXII. 433.
PYPELINCX, Maria, mother of Eubens,
xxi. 41.
PYRALLOLITE, mineral, xvi. 415.
PYRAMID, PYRAMIDS, Egyptian, xx.
122; v. 582; vii. 732, 771; age of, vii.
732; architecture of , II. 385; of Central
America, xvi. 214; xxiv. 759.
, in geometry, XVI. 23; Xix. 803.
PYRAMIDAL SYSTEM, of crystals, xvi.
357-
PYRAMID LAKE, Nevada, U.S.A., xvn.
367-
PYRAMIDS, game, in. 676.
• , Battle of the (1798), Egypt, VII.
759. See Pyramid.
PYRAMUS, river, Asia Minor, n. 708; v.
777-
. PYRANGA, genus of birds, xxm. 45.
PYRARGILLITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
PYRARGYRITE, mineral, xvi. 394; xxn.
69.
PYRENEES, mountains, Europe, xx. 124;
IX. 505; treaty of the (1659), IX. 573;
xxn. ^332.
PYRENEES, three departments (Basses,
Hautes, Orientales), France, XX. 126.
PYRENOMYCETES, suborder of Fungi,
IX. 834; XXIV. 127; parasitic forms,
xvm. 267; as vine pests, xxiv. 240.
PYRETHRUM, garden plant, xn. 259.
PYRGI, seaport, Etruria, vin. 635.
PYRGOS, near Constantinople, Aqueduct
of, II. 221.
PYRGOTELES, Greek gem-engraver, x.
139-
PYRHELIOMETER, radiation thermo
meter, xxm. 291.
PYRIPHLEGETHON, legendary river,
xxii. 614.
PYRITES, metallic sulphides, xx. 128;
copper, VI. 347; of flue-dust, XXIII.
219; iron, xin. 280, 288; xv. 532;
xvi. 390, 391, 393; xx. 128; niccolo-
cobaltic, xvn. 487.
PYRMONT, principality, Germany, xxiv.
321.
, Bad, spa, Germany, xvi. 434;
xxiv. 321.
PYROAURITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
PYROCATECHUIC ACID, xiv. 91.
PYROCHLORE, mineral, xvi. 426.
PYROCHROITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
PYRO-ELECTRICITY, vni. 8, 99; xix.
313; in minerals, xvi. 376; Haiiy's
contributions to, XL 523.
PYROLUSITE, mineral, xv. 479; xvi. 387.
PYROMETER, for measuring high tem
peratures, XX. 129; in iron smelting,
XIII. 305; Deville's, XL 570.
PYROMORPHITE, mineral, xiv. 375;
xvi. 407; xvni. 818.
PYROPE, mineral, xvi. 411.
PYROPHYLLITE, mineral, xvi. 424.
PYROPHYSALITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
PYROPISSITE, mineral, xvi. 429; xvni.
243-
PYRORETINITE, mineral, xvi. 428.
PYRORTHITE, mineral, xvi. 410.
PYROSCLERITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
PYROSILVER, silvered steel, xui. 357.
PYROSMALITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
PYROSOMA, ascidian, xxm. 609, 618;
phosphorescence of, XVIII. 814.
PYROSTILPNITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
PYROTECHNY, xx. 134.
PYROXENE, mineral, xvi. 416.
PYROXILIN, or Gun-Cotton, XL 277.
PYROXYLINE EXPLOSIVES, xxi. 835.
PYRRHA, town, Lesbos, Asia Minor, xiv.
474-
PYRRHITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
PYRRHO, Greek sceptic, xxi. 379.
PYRRHOCORAX, genus of birds, vi. 618.
PYRRHONISM, philosophical system,
XXI. 379; of Pascal, xvni. 336.
PYRRHOTITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
PYRRHULAUDA, genus of birds, xiv. 316.
PYRRHUS, king of Epirus, xx. 136; his
war with the Romans, XX. 743; his
invasion of Sicily, xxii. 20.
PYRULA, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 650.
PYRUS, genus of trees, II. 320; XVIII.
445; xx. 182.
PYTHAGORAS, Greek sculptor, n. 351.
, Ionian philosopher, XX. 137; on
astronomy, n. 746; on transmigration
of souls, xvi. 106; his system of
music, xvn. 78.
PYTHAGORAS, Theorem of (Eucl. i. 47),
x. 379-
PYTHAGOREANISM, xx. 138; vm. 575;
in relation to Orphism, xvm. 51;
Philo's, XVIIL 760; Philolaus's, xvm.
764.
PYTHAGOREAN TRIANGLES, Tables of,
xxm. 14.
PYTHEAS of Massilia, Greek navi
gator, xx. 142; on astronomy, II.
748 ; on Thule, xxm. 328 ; Strabo
on, XXII. 582.
PYTHIA, Greek prophetess, xvn. 808.
PYTHIAN GAMES, Greece, x. 65.
PYTHIAS, friend of Damon, vi. 795.
PYTHIUM, sanctuary of Apollo, at
Athens, ill. 2.
PYTHMEN, in Greek arithmetic, xvn.
626.
PYTHON, snake, xx. 144, 449, 451;
xxii. 195.
PYTHONID.-E, family of snakes, xxn.
193, 195-
PYX, Trial of the, I. 176; II. 725; xvi.
483-
PYXIS, ancient toilet-casket, xix. 614.
Qthe seventeenth letter of the alpha-
' bet, xx. 145.
QAT, Melanesian deity, xvn. 148.
QINBIL (Kamala), drug, Xin. 831.
QUADRAGESIMA SUNDAY, xiv. 446.
QUADRANT, optical instrument, xvn.
254, 258, 268; xiv. 586; earliest form
of, x. 187; graduation of, XL 28.
QUADRATORUM LlBER, Leonardo of
Pisa's work, xix. 125.
QUADRATURE OF THE CIRCLE, xxn.
433-
QUADRATURE OF CURVES, Wallis on,
xxiv. 332.
QUADRATURE OF SURFACES, xin. 55.
QUADRIC SURFACES, in geometry, x.
405; xxn. 670.
QUADRIGARIUS, Q. Claudius, Roman
historian, xiv. 729.
QUADRILATERAL, four Italian fortresses,
xx. 145.
QUADRILATERALS, Mensuration of, xvi.
15-
QUADRIREME, ancient Greek ship, XXI.
806.
QUADRIVIUM, mediaeval course of study,
xx. 515.
QUADRUMANA, group of Mammalia, XV.
444; II. 148; of South America, I.
681.
QUADRUPEDS, xv. 347.
QUADRUPLE ALLIANCE (1718), i. 450;
ix. 584.
QUADRUPLEX TELEGRAPHY, xxm.
123.
QUAESTOR, Roman magistrate, xx. 145,
738, 772.
Q u A — Q U I
363
QUAGGA, ungulate mammal, xx. 146;
i. 259; xii. 175.
QUAIL, bird, xx. 146.
QUAIL- HAWK, bird, xiv. 54.
QUAIN, Jones, on systematic anatomy,
i. 817.
, Richard, on the anatomy of the
arteries, I. 817.
QUAKERS, religious sect, xx. 147; in.
853; ix. 500; their affinities with
mysticism, xvn. 135; their opposition
to the slave trade, xxn. 139; Penn's
Quakerism, xvin. 492.
QUAN (Guan), bird, XI. 232.
QUANDANG NUT, XVIL 664.
QUANG DUK (Hue), town, Anam, Asia,
xn. 333.
QUANTAMPOH, town, West Coast, Africa,
xx. 153.
QUANTITIES, Mathematical, xv. 660.
QUANTITY, Methods of regarding, in.
37-
QUANTZ, J. J., German writer on the
flute, xxm. 520.
QUANZA (Coanza), river, Africa, VI.
81.
QUARANTINE, xx. 153; xix. 163; laws
relating to, xv. 797.
, Cattle, XX. 158.
, Widow's, in law, XX. 158.
QUAREGNON, town, Belgium, xvi. 761.
QUARE IMPEDIT, in English law, xx.
158.
QUARLES, Francis, English poet, xx.
159.
QUARNERO, Gulf of, Dalmatia, v. 586.
QUARREL, in architecture, 11. 471.
QUARRIES, for minerals, xvi. 454.
QUARTER, in heraldry, XL 696, 706.
QUARTER-ILL, cattle disease, xvn. 58.
QUARTERLY REVIEW, The, Croker's
connexion with, VI. 595 ; Gifford's,
X. 590; Lockhart's, XIV. 763; Wilson's,
xxiv. 592.
QUARTERLY REVIEWS, xvin. 536.
QUARTEROON, Negro and white half-
breed, xvn. 320.
QUARTER SESSIONS, law court, xx.
159.
QUARTER-SQUARES, Tables of, xxm.
8.
QUARTIC SURFACES, in geometry, xxn.
670.
QUARTODECIMANS, of early Christian
church, iv. 669; vii. 614.
QUARTZ, rock, xx. 160; x. 227, 237;
XL 48; xvi. 389; xix. 314.
QUASIIN, bitter vegetable principle, Xix.
53-
QUASSIA, tree, xx. 160.
QUATERNARY DEPOSITS, in geology, x.
365-
QUATERNIONS, in mathematics, xx.
1 60; xv. 630; Sir W. R. Hamilton's
invention of, XL 422.
QUATREBRAS, Belgium, Battle of (1815),
xvn. 224.
QUATREMERE, Etienne Marc, French
Orientalist, XX, 164.
QUAY, or Wharf, XL 455.
QUEBEC, province, Canada, xx. 165.
, town, XX. 1 68 ; capture of, by
Wolfe (1759), xxiv. 630; battle of
(1759), ix. 590.
— ACT (1774), xxm. 739.
- CHAPEL SERMONS, Alford's, i.
505.
QUEBEDO, Vasco Mousinho de, Portu
guese poet, Xix. 556.
QUEBRACHO, wood used in tanning,
xiv. 382.
QUEDAH, or Kedah, district, Straits
Settlements, Asia, XV. 322.
QUEDLINBURG, town, Prussia, XX. 169.
QUEEN, title, xxin. 418.
— ADELAIDE ARCHIPELAGO, xvin.
352-
- ANNE'S BOUNTY, xx. 169; n.
62.
QUEEN-BEE, in. 484.
QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, British
Columbia, xx. 170 ; totemism of
Haida Indians in, xxm. 469.
QUEEN'S BENCH, English law court,
ill. 556; records of, XX. 311.
QUEENSBERRY, Second Duke of, xx.
170; xxi. 517.
QUEENS' COLLEGE, Cambridge, iv. 730.
QUEEN'S COLLEGE, Oxford, xvin. 97.
QUEEN'S COUNSEL, highest rank of
barristers, III. 394.
QUEEN'S COUNTY, Ireland, xx. 170;
representation, xxm. 727.
QUEENSLAND, British colony, Australia,
xx. 171; in. 114; mines, xvi. 471;
railways, xx. 253.
QUEENSTOWN, town, Ireland, xx. 175.
QUEEN'S WAKE, Hogg's poem, xn. 51.
QUEEST, bird, VII. 379.
QUEIROZ, E(ja de, Portuguese novelist,
xix. 558.
QUELLIN, John Erasmus, Flemish artist,
xxm. 174.
QUENSTEDT, Johann Andreas, on the
inspiration of Scripture, XI 1 1. 156.
QUERCETANUS (Andre Duchesne),
French historian, vii. 504.
QUERCITANNIC ACID, XXIII. 48.
QUERCITRON, dyestuff, xx. 175; ix.
293; XVIL 693.
QUERCUS, genus of trees, XVIL 689;
xx. 175.
QUERETARO, town, Mexico, xx. 175;
xvi. 214; state, xvi. 214.
QUERN, ancient flour-mill, IX. 343.
QUESAL (Quezal), bird, xx. 179.
QUESNAY, Frangois, French economist,
xx. 176; xix. 361.
QUESNEL, Pasquier, French theologian,
xx. 177; codex of, v. 17; suspected
of Jansenism, xill. 567; his writings
condemned by papal bull, v. 822.
QUESTER, Matthew de, two British
postmasters, Xix. 563.
QUETELET, Ernest, Belgian astronomer,
xx. 177.
— . — , Lambert Adolphe Jacques, Belgian
physicist, XX. 177; XXII. 462; on the
races of man, n. 112.
QUETTA, town, Baluchistan, XX. 178.
QUETZALCOATL, ancient Mexican deity,
xvi. 208, 21 1 ; pilgrimage to temple
of, xix. 92.
QUETZALCOHUATL, legendary chief,
Central America, I. 704.
QUEVEDO VILLEGAS, Francisco, Spanish
satirist, xx. 178; xxn. 357, 360.
QUEZAL, bird, xx. 179.
QUEZALTENANGO, town, Guatemala,
xx. 1 80.
QUIAH COUNTRY, West Africa, xxn.
44.
QUIBERON, town, France, xvi. 813.
QUICHE, ancient kingdom, Mexico, XVI.
208.
QUICHES, people, Central America,
xxiv. 759.
QUICHUA LANGUAGE, Peru, i. 700.
QUICHUAS, Peruvian nation, xvin. 676;
in Bolivia, IV. 15.
QUICKLIME, xiv. 647; xxi. 166.
QUICKSILVER, or Mercury (q.v.\ xvi.
31; mines of, in Austria, in. 120; in
California, IV. 702; in Spain, I. 589.
QUICUNQUE, Symbolum, the so-called
Athanasian Creed, VI. 562.
QUIERSY-SUR-OISE, France, Diet of
(877), ix. 534.
QUIETISM, religious movement, XI. 341;
xvi. 631; XVIL 134.
QUILIMANE, town, East Africa, xx.
1 80.
QUILL, for writing, ix. 60; xvin. 483.
QUILLOTA, town, Chili, xx. 180.
QUILON, town, India, xx. 181; xxm.
525.
QUILU, river, West Africa, Xiv. 742.
QUIMPER, town, France, xx. 181.
QUIN, river, Nevada, U.S.A., xvil. 367.
QUINARY SYSTEM, bird classification,
xvin. 15.
QUINAULT, Philippe, French dramatist,
xx. 181.
QUINCE, tree and fruit, xx. 182; xn.
276.
— OIL, XVIL 744.
QUINCKE, Georg Hermann, his electro
lytic theory, vin. 114; his tables of
surface-tension, v. 70.
QUINCUNX, The, of Sir Thomas Browne,
iv. 390.
QUINCY, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xx.
182.
-, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., xx.
182.
, Edmund, American scholar, XX.
183.
, Josiah (1744-1775), American poli
tician, xx. 182.
, Josiah (1772-1864), American poli
tician, xx. 183.
364
U I — K A D
QuiNET, Edgar, French writer, xx.
183; ix. 681.
QUINIDINE, vegetable alkaloid, xx.
185.
QUININE, drag, xx. 184; v. 780; pro
duction of, in India, XII. 751.
QUINONES DE BENAVENTE, Luis,
Spanish dramatist, xxn. 359.
QUINQUEREME, ancient Greek ship,
xxi. 806.
QUINSY, disease, xxm. 320.
QUINTAIN, Boat, sport, xxi. 30.
QUINTAN A, Manuel Jose, Spanish poet,
xx. 186; xxii. 361.
QUINTEROON, Negro and white half-
breed, xvn. 320.
QUINTILIAN (M. Fabius Quintilianus),
Latin rhetorician, xx. 187 ; his
rhetoric, xx. 514; his language and
style, xiv. 337; his place in Roman
literature, XX. 726.
QUINTILIANI, or Quinetiales, ancient
Roman college of Luperci, XV. 66.
QUINTUS ICILIUS, Karl G. G. von, his
magnetic experiments, xv. 254.
QUINTUS SMYRN.<EUS, Greek epic poet,
xx. 188.
QUINZE JOIES DU MARIAGE, French
satire, ix. 649.
QuiNZE-VlNGTS, blind asylum, Paris,
xvm. 283.
QUIRAING, rock, Skye, Scotland, xxii.
127.
QUIRES, in palaeography, xvm. 144; in
paper trade, xvm. 224.
QUIRINALIA, Roman festival, xv. 570.
QUIRINAL PALACE, at Rome, xx. 835.
QuiRlNIUS, his census enrolment in
Judaea, xm. 660.
QUIRINUS, Sabine deity, xv. 570.
, name of Romulus, founder of
Rome, XX. 840.
QUIRITES, in Roman law, XX. 669.
QuiROS, Fernandez de, Spanish ex
plorer of Tahiti, xxm. 24.
— ISLAND, atoll, Polynesia, xix. 420.
QUIROTOA, lake, Ecuador, vn. 646;
mountain, VI I. 645.
QUITO, town, Ecuador, South America,
xx. 188.
QUOIN, in architecture, II. 471.
QUOITS, modern game, xx. 189; class
ical, vii. 258.
QUORRA, or Niger, river, Africa, xvn.
496; I. 253.
Quo WARRANTO, in English law, xx.
189; xxiv. 372.
"D the eighteenth letter of the alphabet,
*^> xx. 190.
RA, Egyptian divinity, vii. 716.
RAAB, town, Hungary, xx. 190.
RAAMAH, of Scripture, xxiv. 738.
RAAMSES, town, Egypt, xx. 265.
RAB, Jewish title, xx. 190.
RABA, Jewish teacher, xx. 191.
RABAD, Jewish scholars, xx. 191.
RABAN, Jewish teacher, xx. 191.
RABANUS MAURUS MAGNENTIUS, arch
bishop of Mainz, XII. 326.
RAB ASSHI (or ASHE), Talmudic writer,
xx. 190; xxm. 37.
RABAT, town, Morocco, xx. 192; xvi.
831-
RABATO, town, Gozo, Mediterranean
Sea, xv. 339.
RABBA, town, on Niger, Africa, xx.
192; xvii. 498; xxn. 279.
RABBAH, Jewish scholar, xx. 192.
, town, Syria, I. 743.
RABBAN, Jewish title, xx. 190.
RABBATH, of Ammon, town, Syria, I.
743-
RABBENU, Jewish title, xx. 190.
RABBI, Jewish title, xx. 190.
RABBINICAL DICTIONARIES, vii. 189.
RABBINICAL LAW, the Mishnah, xvi.
502.
RABBINS, Jewish, their historical im
portance, xin. 428.
RABBIT, rodent mammal, xx. 192; xv.
42 1 ; skins of, IX. 838.
HAWKING, ix. 10.
SHOOTING, xxi. 834.
RABBLE, for iron puddling, xm. 322.
RABBONI, Jewish title, xx. 190.
RABBULA, Syriac writer, xxn. 829.
RABDOLOGIA, Napier's work, xvn.
179.
RABELAIS, Frangois, French humorist,
XX. 193; IX. 652; his works on medi
cine, xv. 808.
RABENER, Gottlieb Wilhelm, German
satirist, XX. 198.
RABIES, disease, xx. 199; xn. 545.
RABINA, Talmudic writer, xxm. 37.
RABUTIN, French family, xxi. 703.
, Le"onor de, French soldier, XX.
, Roger de, Comte de Bussy, French
gallant and writer, xx. 202; his rela
tions with Madame de Sevigne, xxi.
704.
RABUTIN-CHANTAL, Marie de, Madame
de Sevigne, xxi. 703.
RACAN, Honorat de Bueil, Marquis de,
French poet, IX. 656.
RACCOON, carnivorous mammal, XX.
202; xv. 441; skins of, IX. 838.
RACE, in tidal current, XXIII. 353.
RACE-HORSE, xn. 183.
RACEMIC ACID, xxm. 69.
RACES, of mankind, n. in.
— , Horse, XII. 199; v. 124.
RACHEL, wife of Jacob, xm. 536,
749-
, Elizabeth Felix, French actress,
xx. 203; vii. 425.
RACHIANECTES, genus of cetacean
mammals, xv. 395.
RACINE, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A., xx.
203; population, xxiv. 617.
, Jean, French dramatist, xx. 203;
vn. 424; IX. 658; his attack on
Nicole, xvn. 490.
RACING, Chariot, in ancient games, v.
791; x. 64.
— , Foot, in ancient games, X. 64;
modern, in. 12, 13; xxi. 16.
, Horse, xn. 199; at Rome, during
the carnival, v. 124.
RACK, in mechanics, xv. 755.
— , instrument of torture, XXIII. 465.
RACKETS, game, xx. 209.
RACK RENT, xx. 402.
RADA CHURCH, Sweden, Mural decora
tion in, xvii. 48.
RADAGAISUS, Gothic chief, x. 849.
RADAMA I.-IL, kings of Madagascar,
xv. 174.
RADAUTZ, town, Bukowina, Austria,
xx. 210.
RADAY, Gideon, Magyar dramatist, xiv.
21.
RADBERTUS, abbot of Corbie, xx. 210.
RADBOD, king of the Frisians, ix.
788; xxiv. 587.
RADCLIFFE, town, England, xx. 210.
, Ann Ward, English novelist, xx.
211.
, John, English physician, xv. 812.
LIBRARY, Oxford, xiv. 519.
— OBSERVATORY, Oxford, xvn. 710.
RADESPONA (Ratisbon), Roman station,
Germany, xx. 292.
RADETZKY, Johann J. W. A. F. C.,
Austrian field-marshal, xx. 211.
RADEWYN, Florentius, Dutch mystic
and educationist, xiv. 31; xvn. 134.
RADHANPUR, state and town, India,
XX. 212.
RADIAN, unit of angular measurement,
xvi. 17.
RADIANCE, Theory of, xix. 2.
RADIATA, division of animal kingdom,
XX. 212.
RADIATION, of heat, xx. 212; XL 577;
as affecting temperature, vi. 3; solar,
xvi. 116; xxn. 651; thermometers
for measuring, xxm. 291.
RADI BILLAH, caliph, xvi. 587.
RADICHEVICH, Branko, Servian writer,
xxi. 691.
RADIOLARIA, class of Protozoa, xix.
849; skeletal structures of, XXII. 106.
RADIOLARIAN OOZE, of Pacific Ocean,
xvin. 123.
RADIOMETER, Crookes's, xix. 249.
RADIOPHONE, Telephonic, xxm. 130,
134-
RADISH, vegetable, xn. 286.
RADISH-SEED OIL, xvn. 744.
RADISTCHEFF, Alexander, Russian
writer, xxi. 106.
RADNOR, county and town, Wales, xx.
217.
RADOM, government, Russian Poland,
xx. 217; town, xx. 218.
RADOMUISL, town, Russia, xiv. 69.
RADOSLAFF, king of Servia, xxi. 688.
K A D — B A M
365
RADSTOCK, town, England, xxn. 258.
RADULA, or Lingual Ribbon, in mol
luscs, xvi. 640.
RADUL BAZARABA, voivode of Walachia,
xxi. 17.
RADUL NEGRU, voivode of Walachia,
xxi. 1 6.
RADZIEJEWO, town, Eussian Poland,
xxiv. 375.
RADZIVILOFF, town, Russia, xxiv. 282.
RADZIWILL BIBLE, Polish, xix. 301.
RADZYMIN, town, Russian Poland,
xxiv. 375.
RAE, John, Arctic explorer, x. 193;
xix. 320, 321.
RAEBURN, Sir Henry, Scottish painter,
xx. 218; xxi. 441.
RAFF, Joseph Joachim, Swiss musical
composer, XX. 219.
RAFFAELLE, or Raphael (q.v.\ Italian
painter, XX. 274; II. 438.
RAFFLE, lottery, xv. n.
RAFFLES, Sir Thomas Stamford, English
administrator, XX. 219.
RAFFLESIA, parasitic plant, xvm. 265.
RAFN, Carl Christian, Danish archaeo
logist, xx. 220; on the discovery of
America, I. 706.
RAFT, floating platform, xxi. 804; Rhine
rafts, XX. 520.
RAGATZ, watering-place, Switzerland,
xx. 220; xxi. 169; mineral water of,
xvi. 433.
RAG-FALLOWING, in agriculture, i. 355.
RAGGED SCHOOLS, Pleas for, by Guthrie,
XL 337-
RAGHUVANCA, Sanskrit poem, xm. 829.
RAGLAN, Lord, English general, xx.
220.
CASTLE, Monmouthshire, England,
xvi. 754.
RAGMAN ROLLS, English records, xx.
220.
RAG-PAPER, xvm. 218.
RAGSTONE, mineral, xn. 134.
, in architecture, II. 471.
RAGUSA, town, Austria- Hungary, xx.
221; republic of, xxiv. 270; literature
of, xxi. 690.
— , town, Sicily, xx. 221.
— , Duke of (Marmont), marshal of
France, XV. 558.
RAHAD, river, Africa, xvn. 507.
RAHBEK (Knud Lyne), Danish novelist,
vn. 91.
RAHEL, wife of Varnhagen von Ense,
xxiv. 91.
RAHENG, town, Siam, xxi. 853.
RAHGUN, port, Algeria, xxm. 422.
RAHHANWIN, people, Central Africa,
xxn. 256.
RAHMAN, divine name, in the Koran,
xvi. 603.
RAHWAY, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.,
XX. 222.
RAIA, or Raja, genus of fishes, xx. 299;
xxm. 314.
RAIATEA, island, South Pacific, xxm.
22.
RAI BARELI, district and town, India,
xx. 222.
RAIBOLINI, Francesco, Italian painter,
ix. 688.
RAICH, Servian historian, xxi. 690.
RAIKES, Robert, founder of Sunday
schools, xx. 222.
RAIL, bird, xx. 222.
RAILS, for railways, XX. 224, 241; test
ing of, xm. 354; for tramways, xxm.
507.
RAILWAY, RAILWAYS, xx.223; Stephen-
son's promotion of, xxn. 537; their
service to agriculture, I. 305; bridges
for, IV. 285 ; locomotives for, xxn.
498, 520; in Europe, VIII. 709; battle
of the gauges, iv. 397; laws relating
to, xx. 250; use of, in war, xxiv.
349; electric, XXIII. 495.
— SAVINGS BANKS, xxi. 330.
— TRANSPORT ARMY CORPS, xxiv.
295.
RAIMBACH, Abraham, English line-
engraver, xx. 255.
RAIMONDI, Marcantonio, Italian en
graver, xv. 530; vill. 441.
RAIMONDO, Father, on St Catherine of
Siena, v. 230.
RAIN, xvi. 128, 150, 180; xxiv. 398; in
country and town, ill. 35; geological
action of, x. 267; on St Swithun's day,
xxil. 775; luminous, xxm. 329.
RAINBAND, in spectroscopy, xx. 255.
RAINBOW, XL 399; theory of, xiv. 595,
597-
RAINFALL, xvi. 128, 150, 180; its in
fluence on climate, vi. 6; in relation
to water-supply, xxiv. 402; heaviest
in the world, xiv. 58; of Himalayas,
XI. 830.
RAINGAUGE, for measuring rainfall, xx.
256.
RAINIER, Mount, Washington Territory,
U.S.A., xxm. 800.
RAINIERI (Pope Paschal II.), xvm.
339-
RAIN-WATER, xxiv. 398.
RAI PUR, district and town, India, xx.
257.
RAIS, or Retz, Gilles de, marshal of
France, xx. 258.
RAISED BEACHES, in geology, x. 256.
RAISINS, fruit, xx. 258.
RAJA, or Rajah, Indian title, xx. 259;
xxm. 418.
RAJAMAHENDRI, or Rajahmundry,
town, India, xx. 259.
RAJAPALAYAM, town, India, xxm. 405.
RAJA SAHIB, at siege of Arcot, n. 478.
RAJA TARANGINE, metrical history of
Kashmir, xiv. 13.
RAJESHAYE (Rajshahi), district, India,
xx. 261.
RAJ GURU, Nepalese high priest, XVH.
342.
RAJMALA, Bengali chronicle, XL 820.
RAJPORE, town, India, xxm. 673.
RAJPUTANA, country, India, xx. 259.
RAJPUTS, Indian race, xn. 746, 781.
RAJSHAHI, district, India, xx. 261.
RAKAS TAL, lake, Tibet, xxm. 340.
RAKE'S PROGRESS, Hogarth's engrav
ings, xii. 48.
RAKKA, town, Mesopotamia, xvi. 48.
RAKOCZY, Hungarian family, xx. 261.
, George, governor of Transylvania,
xx. 261; xii. 370.
RALAHINE, Ireland, Owen's community
at, xvni. 88.
RALEIGH, town, North Carolina, U.S.A.,
xx. 261.
, Sir Walter, English admiral and
courtier, XX. 262; his introduction of
the potato, xix. 594; of tobacco, xxm.
423; Cecil's relations with, v. 283.
RALIK, island, Pacific Ocean, xvi. 257.
RALLUS, genus of birds, xvn. 722; xx.
222.
RALPACHEN, Tibetan king, xxm. 345.
RALPH ROYSTER DOYSTER, Udall's
comedy, xxm. 716.
RAM, of a warship, xvil. 285.
— , Hydraulic, xii. 532.
RAMADAN, Mohammedan fast, IX. 49;
xvi. 553.
RAMAN, district, Malay Peninsula, xv.
322.
RAMANAND, Hindi writer, XL 844.
RAMANUJA, Hindu philosopher, xxi.
290.
RAMA'S BRIDGE, sandbanks, Ceylon, i.
140.
RAMAYANA, Sanskrit epic, xxi. 280.
RAMBAM (Maimonides, q-v.), Jewish
writer, xv. 295.
RAMBAN, Jewish commentator, xx,
264.
RAMBLER, Johnson's, xm. 723; xvin.
537-
RAMBOUILLET, town, France, xx. 264.
, Marquise de, French savant, xx.
264.
RAM DAS, Sikh ruler, India, xx. no.
RAMEAU, Jean Philippe, French musical
composer, xx. 265; xvn. 91.
RAMEE, Pierre de la, French logician,
xx. 268.
RAMERSDORF, suburb of Munich, xvn.
24.
RAMESES, of Scripture, district and
town, Egypt, xx. 265.
- I., king of Egypt, VII. 738.
— II., of Egypt, vn. 739, 779; xxi.
693-
RAMESEUM, temple of Rameses II.,
Egypt, vii. 779.
RAMESWARAM, island, Ceylon, xx.
266.
RAMGALIS, tribe, Kafiristan, Asia, xni.
822.
RAMGANGA, river, India, xvn. 572.
RAMIE, Malay plant, xx. 506.
366
11 A M — K A S
RAMILLIES, Belgium, Battle of (1706),
in. 126; ix. 582; xv. 554.
RAMIRO I.-III., kings of Leon, xxn.
3ii-
RAMIZ, river, Peru, xvin. 675.
RAMLER, Karl "Wilhelm, German poet,
x. 534-
RAMMELSBERGITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
RAMMOHUN ROY, or Ram Mohan Rai,
founder of Brahma Somaj, India, IV.
200; xxi. 34.
RAMNA, teak forest, India, xxi. 146.
RAMNAD, town, India, xv. 192.
RAMNES, early Roman tribe, XX. 732.
RAMO-CHHE, or Ra Mochay, Buddhist
temple, Lhasa, Tibet, xiv. 228, 499.
RAMOLINO, Letitia, mother of Napoleon
I., xvii. 192.
RAMON DE LA CRUZ, Spanish drama
tist, xxn. 361.
RAMORANTIN, town, France, xiv. 809.
RAMPART, in fortification, ix. 422.
RAMPHASTES, genus of birds, xxin.
477-
RAMPION, vegetable, xn. 287.
RAMPUR, state, India, xx. 266; town,
xx. 266; xxii. 78.
BEAULEAH, town, India, xx.
261.
RAMRI, island, Burmah, xiv. 162.
RAMSAY, Allan (1686-1758), Scottish
poet, xx. 266; xvin. 347; his collec
tion of ballads, in. 283.
, Allan (1713-1784), Scottish por
trait-painter, XX. 267.
-, Andrew Michael (Chevalier Ram
say), French writer, XX. 267.
-, David, American historian, xx.
267.
, John, penman of Barbour's Bruce,
III. 366.
, William, on the chemistry of
smells, xxii. 167.
RAMSDEN, Jesse, English philosophical
instrument maker, xx. 267; his elec
tric machine, VIII. 100; his graduating
machine, XI. 29.
RAMSES I., Egyptian king, VII. 738.
II., Egyptian king, VII. 739; XXI.
693; temple of, VII. 779.
RAMSEY, town, Isle of Man, xv. 453.
RAMSGATE, town, England, xx. 268.
RAMUS, Jonas, Norwegian writer, xvii.
590.
, Peter, French logician, XX. 268;
xiv. 791, 803; his logical system, xiv.
803.
RAMUSIO, family of Italian savants,
xx. 269.
, Gian Battista, Italian geographer,
xx. 269; biographer of Marco Polo,
xix. 40^6.
RAN, or Runn, morass, Cutch, India,
vi. 730.
RANA, Indian title, VII. 147.
, genus of Amphibia, I. 753, 764;
ix. 795.
RANA BAHADUR, king of Nepal, xvii.
344-
RANAPUR, or Ranpur, state, India, xx.
272.
RANAU, lake, Sumatra, xxii. 638.
RANAVALONA I. -I I., queens of Mada
gascar, xv. 174.
RANGE, Armand Jean le Bouthillier de,
reformer of Trappists, XXin. 523.
RANDELL, Mr, his experiments with
burnt clay as manure, I. 352.
RANDERS, town, Denmark, xx. 271.
RANDOLPH, earl of Moray, xxi. 489.
, Edmund, American politician,
xxin. 748.
, John, American statesman, xx.
, Thomas, English poet, xx. 271.
RANDON, Jacques Louis C. A., French
general, I. 569.
RANDSFJORD, lake, Norway, xvii. 576.
RANENBURG, town, Russia, xxi. 116.
RANGABE, Alexander Rizos, modern
Greek poet, XI. 152.
RANGE, of guns, XL 301.
, of voice, xxiv. 275.
, Close, fireplace, xxii. 579.
, Lough, Killarney, Xiv. 76.
RANGEFINDER, in gunnery, xxm. 126.
RANGELY, lake, Maine, U.S.A., xv.
298.
RANGKUL, lake, Central Asia, xvm.
103.
RANGOON TOWN, district, British Bur
mah, xx. 271; town, xx. 272.
RANGPUR, district and town, India, xx.
272.
RANIERI, Antonio, Neapolitan writer,
xiv. 465.
RANIGANJ, coalfield in Bard wan, India,
in. 371, 568; xii. 737.
RANJIT SINGH, Sikh ruler, India, xiv.
215; xx. in.
RANK, Order of, XIX. 660 ; titles of,
xxm. 417.
RANKE, Leopold, German historian, x.
544; as church historian, v. 766.
RANKEN, W. H. L., on the geology and
climate of Australia, in. 107, 109.
RANKIN, Thomas, American Methodist,
xvi. 191.
RANKINE, William John Macquorn,
Scottish writer on engineering, xx.
272; on steam power, xxii. 478, 482;
on velocity of sound, I. 103.
RANNOCH, Loch, Scotland, xiv. 217;
xvm. 666.
RANOCCHIA, stone, xxi. 682.
RANPUR, state, India, xx. 272.
RANSOME'S CONCRETE STONE, vi. 243.
RANUCI, Rolando (Pope Alexander III.),
i. 486.
RANUNCULUS, plant, xx. 272; xii. 252,
259.
RANZANI, Camillo, 011 birds, xvin. 14.
RAOUL ROCHETTE, Desire, French
archaeologist, xx. 273.
RAOUX, Jean, French painter, xx.
273-
RAPANUI, island, South Pacific, xx. 273.
RAPE, crime, xv. 780.
— plant, I. 383; xx. 273.
CAKE, xvii. 744; as manure, I.
349-
— OF GANYMEDE, Greek sculpture,
xiv. 454.
OF THE LOCK, Pope's poem, xix.
484.
OF THE SABINES, vin. 619.
OIL, xx. 273; xvii. 744.
RAPHAEL, the angel, xx. 274.
(Raphael Sanzio), Italian painter,
xx. 274; as architect, II. 438; cartoons
of, v. 165; as fresco painter, IX. 774;
his connexion with Marcantonio, XV.
RAPHAEL'S BIBLE, series of paintings,
xix. 113.
RAPHELENGIUS (Francis van Ravel-
inghen), Flemish printer, XIX. 177.
RAPIER, sword, ix. 69; xxii. 802.
RAPIN, Paul de, French historian of
England, xx. 283.
RAPOPORT, Solomon Juda, Jewish
writer, xin. 682.
RAPPEE, snuff, xxm. 427.
RAPPERSWYL, town, Switzerland, xxi.
169.
RAPTI, river, India, xvii. 572.
RAQUETS (Rackets), game, xx. 209.
RARATONGA, island, South Pacific, vi.
331; Williams's mission to, XXIV. 586.
RARITAN, river, New Jersey, U.S.A.,
xvii. 396.
RASGRAD, town, Bulgaria, xx. 283.
RASHBA, Jewish rabbins, xx. 283.
RASHBAM, Jewish Talmudist, xx. 283.
RASHI, Jewish rabbi, xx. 284.
RASHID BILLAH, caliph, xvi. 588.
RASHT, town, Persia, xx. 285; xvm.
628.
RASK, Rasmus Christian, Danish philo
logist, xx. 286; vii. 93; XL 200; xxi.
368.
RASKOLNIKS, Russian Nonconformists,
xvii. 504; xxi. 81, 105.
RASOHERINA, queen of Madagascar,
xv. 174.
RASORI, Giovanni, Italian physician,
xv. 814.
RASP, coarse file, ix. 160.
RASPBERRY, plant and fruit, xin. 276.
RASPE, Henry, landgrave of Thuringia,
x. 491.
-, Rudolf Erich, author of Mini-
chausen, XVII. 23.
RASSE, carnivorous mammal, v. 797; xv.
436.
RASSELAS, by Johnson, xin. 724.
RASTALL, John, English printer, xx.
287.
RASTATT, or Rastadt, town, Germany,
xx. 286; congress of (1797), ni. 131;
vi. 270.
R A S — R E B
367
RASTELL, John, English printer and
writer, XX. 287.
, John, English, Jesuit, XX. 287.
, William, English printer and
judge, xx. 287.
RASTISLAUS, Moravian chief, X. 480;
xvi. 811.
RASTRICK, town, England, xx. 287.
RASZYN, Poland, Battle of (1809), xxiv.
376.
RAT, rodent mammal, xx. 287; XV. 419;
XVII. 5; water-rat, xxiv. 277.
RATAFIA, essence, xx. 288; as liqueur,
v. 586; xiv. 686.
RATAK, island, Pacific Ocean, xvi. 257.
RATAN, cane, iv. 805.
RATE, of time or space, XV. 748.
RATEL, carnivorous mammal, xx. 288;
xv. 440.
RATHENOW, town, Prussia, xx. 288.
RATHKE, Martin Heinrich, German
anatomist and physiologist, XXIV. 808.
RATHKEALE, town, Ireland, xiv. 649.
RATHLIN, island, Ireland, n. 142; xin.
216.
RATIBOR, town, Prussia, xx. 288.
RATICHIUS (Wolfgang Ratke), German
educationist, VII. 673.
RATIO, in geometry, x. 382, 390.
RATIONALISM, theological tendency, xx.
289; in Germany, II. 192.
RATISBON, town, Bavaria, xx. 291;
libraries of, XIV. 527, 547; conference
of (1541), v. 415.
RATIT^E, class of birds, in. 699; xvui.
19.
RATKE, Wolfgang, German educationist,
vii. 673.
RATLAM, state, India, xx. 292.
RATNAGIRI, district and town, India,
xx. 292.
RATON, mountains, New Mexico, U.S.A.,
xvn. 399.
RATRAMN, treatise by Erigena, vni. 371.
RATRAMNUS, theological controversial
ist, xx. 292.
RAT SNAKE, xxn. 194.
RATTAZZI, Urbano, Italian statesman,
xx. 292; xin. 488, 491.
RATTLESNAKE, xx. 293; xxn. 198.
RATTOO, Round tower of, Kerry, Ire
land, Xiv. 52.
RATTRAY, town, Scotland, xvui. 667.
RATUMA (Rouen), ancient town, France,
XXI. 12.
RAU, Karl Heinrich, German political
economist, xx. 293; xix. 387.
RAUCH, Christian Daniel, German
sculptor, xx. 294; xxi. 566.
RAU-CROIX (Rocroi), town, France, xx.
616.
RAUDEN, district, Switzerland, xxi.
386.
RAUDII CAMPI, Italy, Battlefields of
(218 and 101 B.C.), xxiv. 164.
RAUHE ALB, mountains, Wurtemberg,
xxiv. 699.
RAU MA, river, Norway, xvn. 575.
RAUMER, Friedrich Luclwig Georg von,
German historian, xx. 294.
RAUPACH, Ernst Benjamin Salomo,
German dramatist, xx. 295.
RAVAILLAC, Frangois, assassin of Henry
IV. of France, xx. 295; IX. 566.
RAVELIN, in fortification, IX. 445.
RAVELLO, Italy, Sculpture in cathedral
of, xxi. 567.
RAVEN, bird, xx. 295.
RAVENNA, town, Italy, xx. 296 ; as
Gothic capital of Italy, Xlli. 467 ;
battle of (1512), xin. 481; xiv. 450;
basilicas of, in. 415, 418; mosaics of,
XVI. 852; sculptures at, XXL 556;
round tower of, xxi. 22.
RAVENSARA NUT, xvn. 665.
RAVENSBURG, town, Wiirtemberg, Ger
many, xx. 297; population, xxiv.
701.
RAVENSHAW, J. A., on the ruins of
Gaur, India, x. 115.
RAVENSWOOD, Queensland, Silver mines
at, xx. 173.
RAVI, river, Punjab, India, xx. 107.
RAVICZ (Rawitsch), town, Prussia, xx.
298.
RAWAL PINDI, district and town, India,
xx. 298.
RAWANDIS, Persian sectaries, xvi. 579.
RAWDON, Francis, marquis of Hastings,
XL 516.
RAWITSCH, town, Prussia, xx. 298.
RAWLEY SPRINGS, Virginia, U.S.A.,
xvi. 436.
RAWLINS, town, Wyoming, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 713.
RAWMARSH, town, England, xx. 298.
RAWTENSTALL, town, England, xx.
298.
RAWUL PINDEE (Rawal Pindi), district
and town, India, XX. 298.
RAY, fish, xx. 299; xn. 686.
— , John, English naturalist, XX. 300;
xvi. 838; on birds, xvill. 4; as
botanist, IV. 79; as ichthyologist, XII.
631; on reptiles, XX. 433; his con
tributions to zoology, xxiv. 804.
RAYATS, or Ryots, class of agriculturists,
India, XII. 770; XV. 289.
RAYLEIGH, Lord, on the theory of
spectroscopy, xxn. 374.
RAYMOND IV., count of Toulouse,
crusader, VI. 624; IX. 538; XXIII.
486.
VI., count of Toulouse, defender
of the Albigenses, I. 454; ix. 541;
xiv. 288; xxin. 486.
III., count of Tripoli, xxin.
161.
— of Sabunde, theologian, xx. 301.
— , Henry J., American journalist,
xvn. 435.
DU PUY, master of the Knights
Hospitallers, xxi. 174.
RAYNAL, Guillaume Thomas Frangois,
French writer, xx. 302; ix. 668; as
journalist, xvil. 424.
RAYS, of light, xiv. 578; optical pro
perties of, xvn. 798.
RAZIN, Stenka, Russian rebel, xxi. 96.
RAZOR, in cutlery, vi. 734; hone for,
xn. 134.
RAZOR-BACK, cetacean mammal, xv.
395-
RAZORBILL, bird, xx. 302; x. 78; xxn.
1 20.
RAZOUMOFFSKIN, mineral, xvi. 424.
RAZZI, Giannantonio (Sodoma), Italian
painter, xxn. 245.
RBAT (Rabat), town, Morocco, xx. 192;
xvi. 831.
RE, Isle of, France, xx. 302; battle of,
iv. 419.
READE, Charles, English novelist, xx.
302.
READING, town, England, xx. 303.
, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., xx.
3°4-
CLAY BEDS, in geology, x. 361.
READING-ROOMS, in libraries, xiv.
537-
READINGS, in law studies, xin. 88.
REALEJO, town, Nicaragua, xx. 304;
xvn. 477.
REAL ESTATE, in law, xx. 304; dis
position of, by will, xxiv. 571, 573;
inheritance of, XIII. 78; sale of, XXI.
206.
REALGAR, mineral, n. 635; xvi. 394;
yellow, xvni. 51.
REAL-GENETIC METHOD, in theology,
Beck's, vii. 337.
REALI DI FRANCIA, romance, xx. 651.
REALISM, Scholastic, xxi. 419, 423.
REALITY, in psychology, xx. 55; in
metaphysic, xvi. 81; in Hegelianism,
XL 618.
REAMER, mining implement, xvi. 443.
REAPING-HOOK, xxi. 574.
REAPING-MACHINE, i. 322.
REASON, in relation to the Logos, xiv.
804; to religious truth, xxin. 263; n.
232; Condillac's theory of, VI. 250; in
Comte's philosophy, VI. 236; Cousin
on, vi. 525; Kant's Kritik, xin. 850;
Peripatetic theory, XVIII. 545 ; Scho
penhauer's theory, XXL 449, 45 1 ;
Stoic doctrine, XXII. 566, 568.
REASONABLENESS OF CHRISTIANITY,
Locke's work, xiv. 757.
REASONING, Logical, xiv. 783; Locke
on, xiv. 760.
RE ATE, Sabine town, Italy, xxi. 129.
REATINES, Italian people, xx. 552.
REAUMUR, Rene Antoine Ferchault de,
French physicist, XX. 308; his ther-
mometric scale, XXIII. 289.
REBATE, in law, i. 5.
REBEC, musical instrument, xxiv. 242.
REBECCA AND ROWENA, Thackeray's
burlesque, xxin. 215.
REBECCA RIOTS, Wales, v. 115.
368
K E B — K E G
REBER, Balthasar, Swiss poet, xxn. 799.
REBIA, Arab tribe, Mesopotamia, xvi. 48.
REBUS, xx. 308.
RECAMIER, Madame, French society-
leader, xx. 309.
RECANATI, town, Italy, xx. 309.
RECARED, first Catliolic king of Spain,
xxii. 308.
RECHABITES, of Scripture, xx. 309;
xni. 407.
, modern temperance benefit socie
ties, XXlll. 159.
RECHNA DOAB, district, India, xvi. 789;
xx. 107.
RECIFE, town, Brazil, xvm. 551.
RECIPROCALS, Tables of, xxm. 8.
RECITATIVO, in music, xvn. 86.
RECLAIMING OF WASTE LANDS, I. 402.
RECLUSE, The, Wordsworth's poem,
xxiv. 674.
RECOARO, spa, Italy, xvi. 434.
RECOGNIZANCE, in law, xx. 309.
RECONCILIATION, in theology, xi. 734.
RECONNAISSANCE, Geographical, in sur
veying, xxii. 712.
, Military, xxiv. 363.
RECORDE, Robert, English mathemati
cian, XX. 310; on algebra, I. 514.
RECORDER, English judicial officer, vi.
516.
, flute, IX. 350.
, of speed in steam engine, XXII.
509.
RECORDS, Public, of England, xx. 310.
RECTIFICATION OF THE CIRCLE, xxii.
433-
RECTOR, of an English parish, xvm.
296, 327.
, in universities, XXlll. 833, 835.
RECTUM, Anatomy of the, vn. 228.
RECULET, mountain, Switzerland, xni.
781.
RECUPERATIO, in Roman law, xx. 686.
RECURVIROSTRA, genus of birds, xxii.
552.
RED, Pigments of, xix. 87.
REDAK (Rabbi David Kimhi), Jewish
grammarian, xiv. 77.
REDAN, in fortification, IX. 434, 437.
REDBIRD, Summer, bird, xxm. 45.
REDBREAST, bird, xx. 314; migration
of, in. 765.
RED CEDAR, tree, xni. 774.
RED CLAY DEPOSITS, of Pacific Ocean,
xvm. 123.
RED COLOURS, in dyeing, VII. 574.
RED CROSS KNIGHTS, Templars (q.v.),
xxm. 1 60.
RED DEER, vn. 23.
REDDINGITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
REDDITCH, town, England, xx. 315.
REDEMPTIONISTS, Order of, ix. 66; xiv.
635-
REDEMPTUS (J. A. Baranzano), Italian
scientist, ill. 358.
RED-EYE, fish, xxi. 49.
RED GUM, skin disease, xxn. 122.
RED INDIAN LAKE, Newfoundland,
xvn. 382.
RED INDIANS, or American Indians,
XII. 822, 830; distribution of, I. 685.
REDJANGERS, tribe, Sumatra, xxn. 640.
RED LAKE, Minnesota, U.S.A., xvi. 476.
REDONDELA, town, Spain, xix. 455.
REDONDILHAS, in Portuguese literature,
xix. 556.
REDONES, Latin tribe in Gaul, xx. 401.
REDOUBT, in fortification, IX. 434, 438.
RED RIVER, Canada, xvi. 475; xx. 315.
RED RIVER, affluent of the Mississippi,
U.S.A., xx. 315; xvi. 518; in Texas,
xxm. 203.
RED RIVER, of Tong-King, xx. 315.
RED RIVER SETTLEMENT, Canada, xx.
315-
REDRUTH, town, England, xx. 315.
REDRUTHITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
RED SEA, xx. 316; pearl fisheries of
the, xvm. 447; Israel's passage of,
xin. 399.
REDSHANK, bird, xx. 317.
RED SPIDER, mite, n. 276; xvi. 529.
REDSTART, bird, xx. 317.
REDUCTIO AD ABSURDUM, in logic, i.
59-
REDUCTION, in arithmetic, n. 534.
REDUT-KALE, town, Transcaucasia,
Russia, xxm. 514.
REDWING, bird, xx. 318.
RED-WING, town, Minnesota, U.S.A.,
xx. 319.
REDWOOD, tree, xxi. 673.
REED, plant, xx. 319.
, in musical instruments, XI. 483;
xvn. 705, 828.
REED-MACE, plant, xx. 319.
REED-PHEASANT, bird, xxm. 419.
REED-WREN, bird, xxiv. 366.
REEF, Coral, vi. 377; xvm. 128; xix.
420, 421.
REEFING, of sails, xxi. 599.
REEL, Scotch, dance, vi. Soi.
REELER, bird, xxiv. 367.
REES, Abraham, his Cyclopaedia, vm.
196.
REESE, river, Nevada, U.S.A., xvn. 367.
REEVE, female of ruff, bird, xxi. 54.
, Clara, English romance writer,
xx. 319.
, John, Muggletonian leader, xvn.
REFECTORY, in architecture, n. 471.
REFEREE, in law, xx. 319.
REFERENCES, Judicial, n. 312.
REFERENDUM, Swiss electoral law,
xxii. 796; xxiv. 207.
REFINING, of sugar, xxn. 627.
REFLECTING TELESCOPE, xxm. 145.
REFLECTOR, Lighthouse, xiv. 618.
REFLEXION, Locke's use of the term,
xiv. 758.
— , of light, xiv. 577, 586, 604; xxiv.
456, 457; laws of, xvn. 798; Newton
on, xvn. 440.
REFLEXION, of sound, i. 106.
REFORM, Parliamentary, early advocacy
of, v. 1 66.
— ACTS, English, xi. 191; vin. 365,
367; xvm. 309; xxi. 64; XXlll. 727.
REFORMATION, The Protestant, xx.
319; v. 415; its influence on Biblical
interpretation, xi. 747; on education,
VII. 672; on ethics, VIII. 595; in rela
tion to question of inspiration of
Scripture, xni. 156; influence of the
mystics on, xvn. 134; its effect on the
popedom, xix. 504; in relation to the
Renaissance, xx. 381, 388, 391; theo
logy of the Reformers, xxm. 243; in
relation to the council of Trent, xxm.
544; Leo X.'s attitude towards, XIV.
451; Luther's activity in, XV. 72;
Melanchthon's place in, xv. 833 ;
Zwingli's, xxiv. 832, 833; in England,
vin. 325, 332; XL 664; in France, IX.
558; in Germany, x. 497; in Ireland,
xni. 263; in Poland, xix. 291, 301;
in Scotland, Xiv. 132; xxi. 497, 499,
501; in Sweden, xxn. 747; in Switz
erland, xxii. 790.
REFORMATORY AND INDUSTRIAL
SCHOOLS, xx. 338; xix. 753, 757.
REFORM BILL. See Reform Acts.
REFORMED CHURCHES, xx. 339; x.
469; xix. 676, 698.
REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA,
(DUTCH), xx. 339; xix. 698.
REFRACTING TELESCOPE, xxm. 139,
148.
REFRACTION, of light, xiv. 577, 589,
605; atmospheric, II. 769; conical,
xxiv. 450; double, xiv. 609; xxiv.
445, 448; elimination of, in surveying,
xxn. 699; optical laws of, xvn. 798,
Soi; in crystals, VI. 672; XVI. 373.
, of sound, I. 1 06.
REFRACTOR, Cylindric, for lighthouses,
xiv. 619.
REFRANGIBILITY OF LIGHT, Newton
on, xvn. 440.
REFRIGERATED PRESERVED FOOD,
xix. 709.
REFRIGERATOR MACHINES, xn. 612.
REGALIA, of England and Scotland, XX.
340; British sceptres, xxi. 385.
REGALITY, Burghs of, Scotland, iv. 63.
REGATTAS, boating contests, xxi. 30.
REGENCY ADMINISTRATION, xx. 340.
REGENSBURG (Ratisbon, q.v.\ town,
Bavaria, xx. 291.
REGENT, Position of, as administrator,
xx. 340.
, university officer, XXlll. 835.
REGENT'S PARK, London, xiv. 824.
REGGIO, province, Italy, IV. 651.
, Duke of (Oudinot), French mar
shal, xvni. 73.
DI CALABRIA, town, Italy, xx.
34i-
NELL' EMILIA, town, Italy, xx.
341; university of, xxm. 836.
R E G — R E M
369
REGIA, building, Rome, XX. 819.
REGICIDE, The, Smollett's play, xxn.
184.
REGINALD DALTON, Lockhart's novel,
xiv. 763.
REGIOMONTANUS, German astronomer,
xx. 341; n. 751; xvn. 709; his
almanacs, I. 591; his contributions to
trigonometry, XXlll. 562.
REGIONES, of ancient Rome, xx. 832.
REGIS, Pierre Sylvain, Cartesian philo
sopher, vii. 127.
REGISTER, in law, xx. 342.
REGISTERED LETTERS, xix. 570.
REGISTER TONNAGE, xxm. 442.
REGISTRATION, in law, xx. 342.
REGIUM (Reggio di Calabria), ancient
town, Italy, xx. 341.
LEPIDI (Reggio nell' Emilia),
ancient town, Italy, xx. 341.
REGNARD, Jean Frangois, French dra
matist, xx. 346; vii. 426.
REGNAULT, Henri, French painter, xx.
346.
, Henri Victor, French chemist, XX.
347; his law of gases, xxn. 480; his
experiments on temperature, III. 385.
, Jean Baptiste, French painter, xx.
347-
DE MONTAUBAN, romance, xx.
652.
REGNIER, Mathurin, French satirist and
poet, XX. 347; IX. 651.
REGNITZHOF, town, Bavaria, xn. 43.
REGNO, The, of Italy, xm. 469.
REGULARS, Congregation of, Church of
Rome, xx. 629.
REGULINE ORE, xvi. 58; silver, xxn.
69.
REGULUS, genus of birds, XIV. 82.
, of metals, xvi. 61.
, Marcus Atilius, Roman consul,
xx. 348.
REHEARSAL, The, Buckingham's bur
lesque, vn. 435.
TRANSPROSED, The, Marvel's
satire, XV. 589.
REHME, spa, Germany, xvi. 434.
REHOBOAM, king of Judah, xm. 406.
REICHA, Anton Joseph, Bohemian
musical writer and composer, xx. 348.
REICHENAU, islet, Lake of Constance,
Baden, XX. 349; library of, xiv. 513.
REICHENBACH, town, Prussia, xx. 349;
battle of (1762), in. 129.
, town, Saxony, XX. 349.
— , waterfall, Switzerland, XXII. 777.
, Baron von, German magnetizer,
xv. 278.
, Georg von, German astronomical
instrument-maker, XX. 349.
, H. G. L., on birds, XVlil. 13, 17.
REICHENBERG, town, Bavaria, xx. 349.
REICHENHALL, watering-place, Bavaria,
XX. 349; mineral water of, xvi. 434.
REICHSRATH, Austrian imperial parlia
ment, III. 122.
REICHSTADT, Duke of (Napoleon II.),
xvii. 226.
REICHSTAG, German imperial parlia
ment, vii. 199; x. 463.
, Hungarian parliament, in. 122.
REID, Mayne, Irish-American story-
writer, xx. 349.
, Thomas, Scottish philosopher, XX.
350; his ethics, VIII. 604; on taste and
beauty, I. 221; his place in English
literature, vin. 432.
, Sir William, Scottish scientist, xx.
352.
REIFTRAGER, mountain, Germany, xx.
552.
REIGATE, town, England, xx. 352.
REIGN OF TERROR, of French Revolu
tion, ix. 606; xx. 603.
REIMARUS, Hermann Samuel, German
theologian and philosopher, XX. 352,
290; xiv. 481.
REIMS, or Rheims (q.i\\ town, France,
xx. 507.
REINALD I.-IV., dukes of Guelderland,
XL 243.
REINARDUS ET YSENGRINUS, mediasval
poem, vin. 838.
REINAUD, Joseph Toussaint, French
Orientalist, xx. 353.
REINDEER, ungulate mammal, vn. 24;
of Newfoundland, xvii. 383; of Nor
way, XVII. 581; of Spitsbergen, XXII.
409; extinction of, in Western Europe,
II. 336; Lapp method of collecting
them, xiv. 305.
Moss, xiv. 560.
REINEKE Vos (or FUCHS) (Reynard the
Fox), German beast-epic, vin. 838; x.
522, 527; xxi. 319; Goethe's version
of, X. 741; Kaulbach's illustrations of,
xiv. 17.
REINE MARGOT (Marguerite de Valois),
xv. 539.
REINHOLD, Karl Leonhard, German
philosopher, xx. 353.
REINITE, mineral, xvi. 403.
REINKENS, Joseph Hubert, Old Catholic
bishop, xvn. 755.
REIS, Philip, telephonic inventor, XXIII.
127, 128, 130.
REISCH, George, his Margarita Philo-
sophica, vin. 193.
REISKE, Johann Jacob, German, Greek,
and Arabic scholar, xx. 354.
REISSITE, mineral, xvi. 422.
REITHRODON, genus of rodent mammals,
xvii. 6.
REJ, Polish poet, xix. 300.
REJAF, village, on Nile, Africa, XVII.
506.
REJANG, river, Borneo, xxi. 306.
REJECTED ADDRESSES, James and
Horace Smith's parodies, xxn. 173.
REKEM (Petra), ancient toAvn, Syria,
xviii. 706.
REKISVINTH, Gothic king, his code of
laws, x. 851.
RELAND, Adrian, Dutch Orientalist,
xx. 355.
RELAPSE, The, Vanbrugh's play, xxiv.
54-
RELAPSING FEVER, xxm. 680; xvin.
4°3-
RELATIVITY, of knowledge, I. 58; psy
chological law of, xx. 49.
RELEVANCY, in law, vin. 738.
RELICS, Religious, xx. 355; pilgrimages
connected with, XIX. 95.
RELIEF, in sculpture, ix. 205; xvn. 34;
xxi. 571.
— , Photographic, xvin. 834.
— CHURCH, Scotland, x. 599; xix.
685; xxm. 728.
RELIGIO MEDICI, Sir Thomas Browne's
work, iv. 390.
RELIGION, RELIGIONS, xx. 358 ; as
object of scientific study, vii. 333;
XXIII. 262, 272; origin of, vill. 622;
in relation to evolution, vin. 766; to
metaphysics, XVI. 99 ; to mythology,
XVII. 136; to mysticism, xvii. 129; to
rationalism, xx. 289; to socialism,
XXII. 219; to totemism, XXlll. 467,
474 ; ancient, XXIII. 235 ; of Israel,
XIII. 409, 416, 419 ; modern theistic
problems, xxm. 245 ; sacrificial, xxi.
132; Stoic doctrine of, xxn. 569;
Zoroastrian, xxiv. 822; Hegel's theory
of, xi. 621; Herder on, XI. 729; Lord
Herbert's works on, XI. 722.
, Natural, Hume's Dialogues on,
xii. 355.
OF NATURE, Wollaston's, xxiv.
633-
OF PROTESTANTS, by Chilling-
worth, v. 625.
RELIGIOUS TESTS, xxm. 199.
RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY, xxm.
494-
RELKOVIC, Matthias Anthony, Servian
satirist, xxi. 691.
RELLY, James, American Universalist,
xxm. 831.
REMAINDER, in law, xx. 372.
REMAK, Robert, his embryological in
vestigations, vin. 167.
REMBANG, town, Java, xin. 606.
REMBRANDT (Rembrandt Harmens van
Rijn), Dutch painter, xx. 373; xxi.
439-
REMEDIES, Theory of, in medicine, xv.
796.
REMEDIUS (Remigius), bishop of Rheims,
xx. 378; ix. 528; xxi. 420.
REMEDY, in coming, xvi. 482, 484.
REMEMBRANCE, Hamilton's theory of,
n. 731.
REMI, St (Remigius), bishop of Rheims,
xx. 378; ix. 528; xxi. 420.
REMIGIUS, St, bishop of Rheims, xx.
378 ; IX. 528 ; as scholastic philo
sopher, xxi. 420.
REMIJIA, genus of plants, xx. 186.
REMIREMONT, town, France, xx. 379.
XXV. - 47
370
E M
II E S
REMONSTRANTS, party of Dutch Pro
testants, xx. 379; ii. 552; xn. 78.
, in Scottish history, XXI. 514.
REMONTOIRE, clock, vi. 27.
REMSCHEID, town, Rhenish Prussia,
xx. 379.
REMUS, brother of Romulus, xx. 840.
REMUSAT, Abel, French Chinese scholar,
xx. 379.
, Charles Francois Marie, Comte de,
French politician and man of letters,
xx. 379.
, Claire Elizabeth J. G., French
writer, xx. 379.
, Paul de, French writer, xx. 380.
RENAISSANCE, xx. 380; in architecture,
II. 436; relations of, to Catholicism,
xiv. 451; coins of, XVII. 654; its effect
on Italian literature, xill. 506; Latin-
ity of, Xiv. 342; its influence on the
Reformation, XX. 323 ; its influence
in Rome, XX. 805; theism of, XXIII.
243; Petrarch's place in, xvm. 709.
RENAIX, town, Belgium, xx. 394.
RENAL COLIC, disease, vi. 140.
RENAN, Ernest, his view of Christ, n.
191; xin. 670, 672.
RENATO, Camillo, Italian mystic, xxn.
228.
REN AUDI E, Godefroi de Barri, Seigneur
de la, French conspirator, IX. 560.
RENAUDOT, Eusebe, French theologian
and Orientalist, XX. 394.
, Theophraste, French publicist,
xvii. 412, 423.
RENDSBURG, town, Prussia, xx. 394.
RENE I., duke of Anjou, count of Pro
vence, and king of Naples, xx. 394;
n. 58; xv. 536; xix. 878.
RENEGADO, Massinger's play, xv. 619.
RENERY, Henri, early Cartesian philo
sopher, vn. 1 19.
RENFREW, county, Scotland, xx. 395;
town, xx. 396.
RENI, Guido, Italian painter, xx. 396;
xxi. 437, 443.
RENNEL, island, Solomon group, South
Pacific, xxn. 252.
RENNELL, James, English geographer,
XX. 398; his survey of India, X.
1 88; on the geography of Herodotus,
I. 245.
RENNELL'S CURRENT, in Atlantic, in.
20.
RENNES, town, France, xx. 401.
RENNET, for cheese making, v. 455; vi.
771.
RENNIE, James, on ornithology, xvm.
15, 18.
, John, Scottish engineer and
architect, XX. 402; his design for
London Bridge, IV. 334.
, Sir John, English engineer, XX.
402.
RENO, river, Italy, xm. 436.
RENT, in law, xx. 402; taxes on, xxm.
87; in relation to value, xxiv. 50;
Richard Jones's theory, XIX. 377;
Ricardo's theory, xix. 374; xx. 533;
Adam Smith on, xix. 367; ground
rent, xx. 403.
RENT CHARGE, on land, England, xiv.
275.
RENWICK, James, Scottish martyr, xxi.
517.
REPEATING WATCH, xxiv. 397.
REPHAIM, of Scripture, I. 747; in.
410.
REPLEVIN, in law, xx. 404; writ of,
xxiv. 695.
REPORTING, Newspaper, xx. 404; short
hand, xxi. 841.
REPOUSSE, metal-work, xvi. 72; Xix.
179; Japanese, xin. 591.
REPRESENTATION, Parliamentary, Brit
ish, xx. 344.
REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT, XL
12; xvm. 302; John Stuart Mill's
treatise on, XVI. 313.
REPRESENTATIVES, House of, United
States, xxm. 749.
REPRODUCTION, Animal, xx. 407; in.
686; theories of, XXI. 723; of Crus
tacea, vi. 642; of Mollusca, xvi. 682;
of Protozoa, xix. 836; of sponges,
xxn. 424.
Vegetable, xx, 423; IV. 119;
arrest of growth by, xxiv. 84; of
Diatomacea?, vn. 170; of Fungi, IX.
829.
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS, their liabi
lity to disease in obsolescence, xvi n.
383; of animals, XX. 408; of birds, ill.
727; of fishes, xn. 660; of mammals,
xv. 368; of molluscs, xvi. 637, 682;
of reptiles, XX. 462; in plants, XX.
424. See also Generation.
REPSOLD, Johann Georg, German
instrument-maker, XX. 432 ; his
micrometer and heliometers, XVI. 246,
253; his telescopes, xxni. 150.
REPTANTIA, section of Mollusca, xvi.
648.
REPTILES, or Reptilia, division of
animal kingdom, XX. 432; analogies
between them and birds, XVIII. 42;
xxi. 323; mimicry in, XVI. 342;
olfactory organs of, xxn. 166; skele
ton of, XXII. 1 06 ; taxidermy of,
xxni. 90; in Lankester's classifica
tion, xxiv. 812; works on develop
ment of, vni. 1 68.
REPTON, England, Crypt of church at,
vi. 668.
REPUBLIC, ancient Roman, xx. 735.
-, Plato's treatise, xix. 203.
REPUBLICAN, river, Nebraska, U.S.A.,
xvn. 307.
- PARTY, in United States, xxni.
757, 77i-
REPUDIATION OF DEBT, National, xvn.
245.
REPULSION, in magnetism, xv. 221.
REQUENA, town, Spain, xx. 473.
REREDOS, in architecture, n. 471;
position of, I. 641.
RESBY, James, Scottish martyr, xxi.
491.
RESCHT (Rasht), town, Persia, xx. 285;
xvm. 628.
RESCRIPTS, Imperial, in Roman law,
xx. 705.
RESEDA, genus of plants, xvi. 289.
RESENDE, Andre de, Portuguese scholar,
xix. 557.
, Garcia de, Portuguese writer, xix.
556.
RESERVATION, Mental, in Liguorianism,
xiv. 638.
RESERVATIONS, Indian, xn. 830, 833.
RESERVE, Naval, of Great Britain, xvn.
296.
RESERVES, of British army, n. 581.
RESERVOIR, for water-supply, xn. 479;
xxiv. 405.
RESETTING, in law, xxni. 233.
RESHAL, Jewish rabbi, xx. 473.
RESHID, Ottoman writer, xxni. 657.
— PASKA, Turkish minister, xxni.
651.
RESIDUAL ANALYSIS, Lamlen's theorem
of, xiv. 271.
RESILIENCE, of matter, vn. 808; xxn.
602.
RESIN, RESINS, xx. 474; iv. 88; xi.
276; xvi. 428; copal, vi. 342 ; dammar,
vi. 795; frankincense, IX. 709; lac,
xiv. 181; xxiv. 91; for gas-making,
X. 100.
RESINA, town, Italy, xx. 474.
RESISTANCE, in mechanics, xv. 750.
RESOLUTIONERS, of Scottish Church,
xix. 683; xxi. 514.
RESONATOR, Musical, xvn. 105.
RESORCIN, derivative of benzol, xvin.
855.
RESPIRATION, xx. 474.
RESPIRATOR, for cutlers and firemen,
ix. 170.
RESPIRATORY ORGANS, xx. 475; their
connexion with blood circulation,
xxiv. 102, 108; of Amphibia, I. 766;
of birds, in. 726; of crustaceans, vi.
640; of fishes, XII. 656; of mammals,
xv. 365; of reptiles, XX. 458.
RESTAUD, Sophie (Sophie Cottin),
French writer, vi. 481.
RESTIF, Nicolas Edme, French writer,
XX. 486.
RESTIGOUCHE, river, New Brunswick,
xvn. 373.
RESTORATION, The, in England, vni.
348; Monk's share in, xvi. 752; parlia
ment after, xvin. 308.
RESTOUT, Jean, French painter, xx.
487.
, Jean Bernard, French painter, XX.
487.
RESTRICTION, in psychology, xx. 46.
RESULTANT TONES, in music, xvn.
93-
R E S — R H E
371
RESURRECTION, of the dead, vm. 535;
in Jewish and Christian apocalyptic,
ii. 175; xvi. 56, 315; xx. 597; St
Paul's doctrine of, xvm. 426.
, of Jesus Christ, xin. 669; Gospel
accounts of, x. 805, 811, 840.
RETENTIVENESS, in psychology, xx.
46.
RETFORD, East, town, England, xx.
487.
RETHEL, Alfred, German painter, xx.
487.
RETICULARIA, class of Protozoa, xix.
845-
RETIMO, town, Crete, vi. 572.
RETINA, of the eye, I. 888; VIII. 817,
821.
RETINASPHALT, mineral, xvi. 428.
RETINITE, mineral, xvi. 428.
RETINITIS, eye disease, xvn. 784.
RETINOSCOPY, in ophthalmology, XVII.
787.
RETORSION, in international law, xin.
194.
RETORT, for distillation, vn. 262; of
platinum, XXII. 637.
RETREAT OF THE TEN THOUSAND
(401 B.C.), xi. 103 ; xxiv. 720.
RETROPINNA, genus of fishes, xxi. 221,
224.
RETTING, of flax, ix. 294.
RETURNS, Government, statistical, XXII.
464.
RETZ, Cardinal de, French writer and
politician, XX. 488; IX. 572.
(Rais), Gilles de, marshal of France,
xx. 258.
RETZIUS, Andreas, on American Indians,
xii. 821.
REUBEN, son of Jacob, xx. 489.
, Tribe of, XIII. 401; XVHI. 176.
REUCHLIN, John, German humanist,
xx. 489 ; his attitude towards the
Reformation, xx. 325; his influence in
the German Renaissance, xx. 388; on
the Kabbalah, xin. 813.
REUNION, island, Indian Ocean, xx. 491.
REUS, town, Spain, xx. 493.
REUSS, German principalities, XX. 493.
, river, Switzerland, XXII. 776.
, or Reus, Count de (Juan Prim),
Spanish statesman, xix. 732.
-, Edward, on the Pentateuch, XVIII.
508.
REUSSINE, mineral, xvi. 402.
REUTER, Fritz, Platt Deutsch writer,
xx. 494; as poet, xvm. 348.
, Julius, German news-agent, xvn.
4i3-
REUTLINGEN, town, Wiirtemberg, Ger
many, xx. 495; population, XXIV. 701.
REUTLINGER, Susanna, second wife of
Kepler, xiv. 47.
REVAL, town, Russia, xx. 495.
, Nicolas, Hungarian writer, xii.
377-
REVDINSK, town, Russia, xvm. 550.
REVEL (Reval), town, Russia, xx. 495.
REVELATION, Divine, n. 190; xin. 154;
Christianity as religion of, V. 691; Bible
as record of, in. 634; v. 691 ; in nature,
xxm. 264; by oracle, xvil. 808; in
relation to rationalism, xx. 289; n.
232; to theology, xxm. 261; in Neo-
platonism, xvn. 333; Critique of, by
Fichte, XL 134.
, Book of, New Testament, XX. 496;
xix. 823.
REVELGANJ, town, India, xxi. 304.
REVENUE, National, ix. 171; per head,
xvn. 247.
REVEREND, title, xxin. 418.
REVERSIBILITY, Principle of, in wave
theory of light, XXIV. 426.
REVERSION, in animal descent, xxi. 788.
— , in law, xx. 372.
REVERSIONARY ANNUITIES, n. 84.
REVETMENT, in fortification, ix. 428,
445-
REVIEWS, periodical literature, xvm.
536-
REVIVAL OF LEARNING, xx. 380.
REVOLT OF ISLAM, Shelley's poem,
xxi. 793.
REVOLUTION, of the planets, u. 782.
— , of the earth, its geological effects,
x. 216.
— , of 1688, in England, VIII. 351.
-, French, of 1789, IX. 596; its
influence on England, vm. 360; on
Germany, x. 504; French, of 1830, ix.
619; French, of 1848, IX. 621.
REVOLVER, firearm, XL 285; Colt's, vi.
1 66.
REVUE DES DEUX MONDES, French
periodical, IX. 680; XVIIL 540; XXI.
164.
REX, Roman ruler, XX. 732.
REWAH, state, India, xx. 501; town,
xx. 502.
REWARI, subdivision of Gurgaon, India,
xi. 332; town, XL 332.
REYBAZ, " collaborator with Mirabeau,
xvi. 497.
REYER, Ida Laura (Madame Pfeiffer),
traveller, xvm. 726.
REYKJAVIK, town, Iceland, xii. 619.
REYNARD THE Fox, mediaeval fable,
vm. 838; ix. 641; x. 522, 527, 741;
xiv. 17; xx. 659; xxi. 319; Kaul-
bach's illustrations of, xiv. 17.
REYNAUD, Jean, expounder of Druidism,
vii. 479.
REYNES, John, bookbinder to Henry
VIII., iv. 42.
REYNOLDS, Sir Joshua, English painter,
XX. 502; XXI. 441; his colouring,
xvm. 139.
REYNOLDS'S WEEKLY NEWSPAPER,
xvn. 419.
REZANI, people, Italy, xxn. 150.
REZZONICO, Carlo (Pope Clement XIII.),
v. 823.
RHA, rhubarb, xx. 529.
RHABDITES, structures in planarian
worms, xix. 170.
RHABDITIS, genus of nematode worms,
xvn. 325.
RHABDOCCELA, tribe of planarian
worms, Xix. 171, 174.
RHABDOMANCY, use of the divining
rod, xv. 206.
RHABDOPLEURA, genus of Polyzoa, xix.
434, 435-
RHABDUS, sponge, xxn. 416.
RHACHIODONTID^E, family of snakes,
xxn. 192.
RHADAMANTHUS, or Rhadamanthys, of
Greek mythology, XX. 504; in Ely
sium, vm. 156.
RHADAMES (Ghadames), town, Sahara,
Africa, x. 4.
RH^ETIA, Alpine province, Roman
empire, xx. 504.
, Ten Jurisdictions of, Swiss con
federation, xxn. 786.
RH^TIAN ALPS, i. 627.
RH^ETIC ROCKS, in geology, x. 353.
RH^ETICUS (Rheticus), George Joachim,
mathematician, xx. 508; xxm. 9, 562.
RHAGITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
RHAGON TYPE, of sponges, xxn. 414.
RHAMNUS, town, Greece, in. 60.
RHAMPHOCORYS, genus of birds, xiv.
316.
RHAMPHORHYNCHUS, fossil reptile, xx.
86.
RHANGABE, Michael I., Byzantine em
peror, xvi. 226; xvn. 482.
RHAPIS, genus of palms, xvm. 190.
RHAPSODISTS, Greek, xii. 109.
RHAZES, Arabian alchemist and physi
cian, I. 464; xv. 805.
RHE (Re), Isle of, France, xx. 302;
battle of (1627), iv. 419.
RHEA, bird, xx. 505; xvm. 44.
— , Greek divinity, vi. 744; xxi. 321.
FIBRE, xx. 506; ix. 133.
RHEGIUM (Reggio di Calabria), ancient
town, Italy, xx. 341.
RHEIMS, town, France, xx. 507; am
pulla at, I. 777; sculptures in cathe
dral, xxi. 562; trades school, xxm.
108.
RHEIN (Rhine, q.v.), river, Europe, xx.
518.
RHEINBUND, Leibnitz's plan of a, xiv.
418.
RHEINFELD, spa, Switzerland, xvi. 434.
RHEINGAU, district, Germany, xvn.
238; xx. 520.
RHEITHROSCIURUS, genus of rodent
mammals, xxn. 438.
RHENANUS, Beatus, German humanist,
xx. 508.
RHENEIA, island, Greece, vn. 51.
RHENISH PRUSSIA, province, Prussia,
xx. 20.
RHENISH WINES, xxiv. 602, 610.
RHEOSTAT, electric instrument, vm. 45.
RHEOTANNIC ACID, xx. 530.
372
R H E — R I G
48.
, district, Mesopotamia, xvi.
RHESUS, of Euripides, vin. 678.
RHETICUS, George Joachim, mathema
tician, xx. 508; his contributions to
trigonometry, xxm. 562; his trigono
metrical tables, xxm. 9.
RHETORIC, xx. 508; Latin, xiv. 333;
in relation to sophistry, XXII. 265; of
Aristotle, 1 1. 517; of Lysias, XV. 118;
Quintilian's contributions to, XX. 187;
Sanskrit works on, xxi. 293; Whate-
1/s work on, XXIV. 530; Chambers
of, in Dutch literature, XII. 91.
RHEUM, genus of plants, xu. 287; xx.
529.
RHEUMATIC FEVER, xx. 516; xvm.
397-
RHEUMATIC GOUT, xx. 518.
RHEUMATISM, disease, xx. 516; sili-
cylate of sodium in treatment of,
xxi. 217.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, disease, xx.
518.
RHEUMIC ACID, xx. 530.
RHEYDT, town, Ehenish Prussia, xx.
518.
RHIJNSBURGERS, Dutch sect, xxn.
400.
RHIN, Haut, former department of
France, ix. 508.
RHINE, river, Europe, xx. 518; x. 449;
in Holland, XI I. 63; in Switzerland,
xxn. 776.
- , Confederation of the (1806), ill.
133; ix. 615; xvii. 210.
RHINELAND, province, Prussia, xx. 20.
RHINE WINE, xxiv. 602, 610.
RHINOBATID^;, family of fishes, xx.
299.
RHINOCEROS, ungulate mammal, xx.
521; xv. 428; of India, xu. 742; of
Java, xiil. 602.
RHINOCHETUS, genus of birds, xvn.
376; xxn. 653.
RHINODON, genus of sharks, xxi. 777.
RHINOLOPHID^E, family of bats, xv.
412.
RHINOPOMA, genus of bats, xv. 413.
RHINOTMETUS, Justinian II., emperor
of the East, Xiil. 798.
RHIO (Riouw), town, near Bintang,
Indian Archipelago, ill. 679; XII. 818;
xxn. 639.
RHION, town, Greece, xvi. 53.
RHIPSALIS, genus of Cactaceae, iv. 626.
RHIZOCARPE^E, subclass of ferns, ix.
105.
RHIZOME, root-stock of plants, iv. 98.
RHIZOPHORA, genus of trees, xv. 481.
RHIZOPODS, or Foraminifera, xix. 371.
RHIZOTA, order of Rotifera, xxi. 7.
RHODE ISLAND, State, U.S.A., xx.
523; Roger Williams's colonization
of, xxiv. 587; colony of, xxm. 730;
opposition of, to the Union (1790),
xxm. 752, 754.
RHODE ISLAND CASE (1848), U.S.A.,
xxiv. 472.
RHODES, island, ^Egean Sea, xx. 525;
its connexion with Phoenicia, XVI n.
805; relations with Rome, xx. 751;
establishment of Knights Hospitallers
in, XXI. 174; conquest of, by the Turks
(1522), XXIII. 643; coins of, XVII.
647 ; town, xx. 525; Colossus at, n.
365.
, Outer and Inner, divisions of
Appenzell, Switzerland, n. 211.
RHODIAN WARE, pottery, xix. 621.
RHODIGIUM (Rovigo), Latin town, Italy,
xxi. 29.
RHODIUM, chemical element, v. 536;
xix. 189, 191.
RHODIZITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
RHODOCHROME, mineral, xvi. 414.
RHODODENDRON, shrub, xx. 526; xn.
260; of Ceylon, V. 362.
RHODONITE, mineral, xvi. 417.
RHODOPE, mountain, Thraee, xxm.
318-
RHODOSPERME^E, suborder of Algae, I.
508.
RHOMBIC SYSTEM, of crystals, xvi.
359-
RHOMBUS, genus of fishes, xxm. 625.
RHONE, river, Europe, xx. 527; ix.
506; in Switzerland, xxn. 776.
Rn6NE, department, France, xx. 528.
RHOPALOCERA, group of insects, xin.
151.
RHUBARB, vegetable and drug, xx. 529;
xii. 287.
RHUNE, mountain, France, xx. 126.
RHUPENIAN DYNASTY, of Armenia, n.
548.
RHUS, genus of trees, xin. 592.
RHYL, town, Wales, xx. 530; ix. 327.
RHYMER, Thomas the, early Scottish
poet, xxm. 308.
RHYMNEY, town, England, xx. 530.
RHYNCH^EA, genus of birds, xxn. 200.
RHYNCHOBDELLID^E, family of leeches,
xiv. 404.
RHYNCHOCEPHALIA, order of reptiles,
xx. 437, 444, 448.
RHYNCHOFLAGELLATA, class of Pro
tozoa, xix. 860.
RHYNCHONELLID^E, family of Brachio-
poda, iv. 195.
RHYNCHOPHORA, group of beetles, vi.
133; xxiv. 477.
RHYNCHOPS, genus of birds, xxn. 120.
RHYNCHOTUS, genus of birds, xxm.
4°3-
RHYNDACUS, river, Asia Minor, n. 707;
xvii. 122; xvin. 853.
RHYS AB TEWDWR, Welsh prince, v.
RHYTHM, in poetry, xix. 257, 262; in
prose, xx. 513.
RHYTHYMNO, town, Crete, vi. 572.
RHYTINA, genus of sirenian mammals,
xv. 390.
Ri, Japanese measure, xin. 569.
RIAD, town, Nejd, Arabia, II. 254.
RIALTO, island, Venice, xxiv. 141;
bridge of the, IV. 332.
RIBAT (llabat), town, Morocco, xx.
192.
RlBAULT, or Ribaut, Jean, French navi
gator, xx. 531; colonizer in South
Carolina, U.S.A., xxn. 288.
RIBBLE, river, England, xiv. 252.
RlBBON-FlSHES, XX. 531; XII. 684,691;
xxi. 609.
RIBBONS, xx. 531.
RIBEIRA GRANDE, town, Cape Verd
Islands, v. 52.
RIBEIRO, Bernardim, Portuguese writer,
xix. 556.
, Joao Pedro, Portuguese historian,
Xix. 557.
-, Joao Pinto, Portuguese statesman,
xix. 548.
RIBERA, Jusepe (Lo Spagnoletto),
Spanish painter, XX. 532.
RIBES, genus of plants, vi. 715; x. 779.
RIBOT, Tlu'odule, on evolution, vni.
767.
RIBS, Anatomy of the, I. 822; movements
of, in respiration, xx. 478; treatment
of, in surgery, XXII. 690; invertebrate
skeleton, XXII. 113; in mammals, xv.
358.
, in architecture, II. 472.
RICARDO, David, English political
economist, XX. 533 ; xix. 373 ; on
labour, value, and capital, xxn. 213.
RlCASOLi, Bettino, Baron, Italian states
man, Xin. 491.
RlCAUT, Sir Paul, English traveller and
diplomatist, xxi. 116.
RlCCATi, James, Count, Italian mathe
matician, xx. 535.
RlCCi, Antonio, Venetian architect,
xxiv. 153.
— , Lorenzo, general of the Jesuits,
Xiil. 654.
, Ludovico, Italian economist, XIX.
363-
-, Matteo, Jesuit missionary in China,
xx. 536; xv. 145; xvi. 513.
RICCIARELLI, Daniele, Italian painter,
xx. 537.
RICCIE.E, class of liverworts, xvn. 69.
RlCClOLl, Giovanni Battista, on astro
nomy, II. 754.
RlCCOBONl, Madame, French writer,
xx. 538.
RICE, xx. 538; culture of, under irriga
tion, XIII. 369; in India, III. 248, 568;
xn. 747; xvin. 409; in Japan, Xin.
574; in Java, xin. 603; in Madagascar,
xv. 172.
— PAPER, xx. 539.
— STARCH, xxn. 456.
RICH, Claudius James, traveller and
Orientalist, XX. 539.
, Edmund, archbishop of Canter
bury, vn. 668.
I C — R I N
373
RICH, John, English pantomimist, XVIII.
215.
, Robert, earl of Warwick, English
postmaster, xix. 563.
RICHARD I., Cceur de Lion, king of Eng
land, xx. 539; vin. 305; ix. 541; his
coronation, VI. 429; his exploits inPale-
stine, VI. 628; his ransom, xiv. 844.
- II., of England, xx. 541; vill. 319;
xiv. 256; dethronement of, XI. 659;
his relations with William of Wyke-
ham, xxiv. 585.
- III., of England, XX. 542; vill. 328.
, earl of Cornwall and king of the
Romans, xx. 542.
— , the Fearless, duke of Normandy,
xvn. 541.
, the Good, duke of Normandy,
xvu. 542.
— , duke of York, XXIV. 752; viceroy
of Ireland, Xill. 261.
of Cirencester, English chronicler,
xx. 542.
— of Middletown, scholastic philo
sopher, xxi. 429.
of St Victor, scholastic philosopher
and mystic, XX. 543; xvu. 132; XXI.
425.
— DE BURY, bishop of Durham, ill. 85.
RICHARDIA, genus of plants, xn. 264.
RICHARDSON, Sir John, Scottish natur
alist and Arctic explorer, xx. 543; x.
193; xix. 319.
, Samuel, English novelist, XX. 543;
his place in English literature, Vill.
430.
RICH BOROUGH CASTLE, Kent, England,
v. 197.
RlCHEBOURG, French dwarf, VII. 567.
RICHELIEU, river, Canada, xx. 165;
xxi. 181.
, Cardinal de, XX. 544; IX. 567; his
jealousy of Corneille, VI. 417; patron
of French Academy, I. 74; his Spanish
policy, xxii. 331.
, Due de, French marshal, XX. 544;
IX.
-, Due de, governor of Odessa, xx.
544-
RICHER, Jean, on deviations of the
pendulum, VII. 597.
RlCHERUS, French chronicler, XX. 545.
RlCHlBUCTO, town, New Brunswick,
xvii. 375; river, xvu. 373.
RICHMAN, G. W., his fatal electrical
experiment, vin. 6.
RICHMOND, town, Surrey, England, xx.
545-
— , town, Yorkshire, England, XX. 545;
xxiv. 748.
, town, Indiana, U.S.A., xx. 545.
— , town, Virginia, U.S.A., XX. 545.
, suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, xv.
836.
, Legh, English writer, XX. 546.
PARK, England, xx. 545.
RICH'S SYSTEM, of shorthand, xxi. 837.
RlCHTER, Ernst Friedrich Eduard,
German writer on music, xx. 546.
, Jeremias Benjamin, German chem
ist, V. 463.
, Johann Paul Friedrich (Jean Paul),
German humorist, XX. 546; x. 541;
on aesthetics, I. 220; on education, vn.
677.
RlCl, Paul, Kabbalistic writer, XIII.
813-
RICIMER, patrician of the Roman empire,
xx. 547, 781; xv. 311.
RlClNUS, genus of plants, v. 200.
RICKETS, disease, xx. 548; xvm. 373.
RlCKMAN, Thomas, English architect,
xx. 548.
RiCOMAGUS (Riom), Roman town,
France, xx. 564.
RIDDELL, John L., his binocular prisms,
xvi. 273.
RlDDERSK, town, Siberia, XXIII. 439.
RIDDLE, enigma, xx. 549 ; of the
sphinx, xxii. 398.
RIDEAU, river and canal, Ottawa, Canada,
xvm. 68; xxi. 1 80.
RIDERFORT, Gerard de, master of
Knights Templars, XXIII. 161.
RIDGEWAY, ancient roadway, Wilts,
England, xxiv. 594.
RIDING, on horseback, XII. 195.
, division of Yorkshire, England,
xxiv. 748.
RIDLEY, Henry, anatomist, I. 813.
, Nicholas, bishop of London, XX.
549-
RIDUNA (Alderney), Channel Islands,
England, I. 473.
RIEL, Louis, leader of French Indians,
Canada, xx. 315.
RlELLA, genus of liverworts, XVII. 67.
RlEMANN, G. F. Bernhard, German
mathematician, xx. 550.
RIENZI, Cola di, senator of Rome, xx.
800; xin. 480.
, Lytton's novel, XV. 122.
— , Wagner's opera, xxiv. 313.
RlESENER, Henri Frangois, French
portrait-painter, XX. 551.
— , Jean Henri, French cabinetmaker,
XX. 551.
RIESENGEBIRGE, mountains, Germany,
xx. 551; in. 116.
RlESENKOPPE, mountain, Germany, XX.
552.
RIESLING VINE, xxiv. 609, 611.
RiESS, Peter Theophil, his contributions
to electrical science, vm. 15; his
thermo-electrometer, vill. 55.
RlESTEDT, Germany, Dolmen at, XXI.
52.
RIETBERG, Count of (Kaunitz), Austrian
statesman, xiv. 18; ix. 587.
RIETI, town, Italy, xx. 552; xxi. 129.
RIETSCHEL, E. F. August, German
sculptor, xx. 552.
RIBVAULX ABBEY, Yorkshire, England,
xxiv. 749.
RIF HILLS, Morocco, xvi. 830.
RIFLE, firearm, XL 282; penetrating
power of, IX. 428 ; sporting, xxi.
835.
— ASSOCIATION, of Great Britain,
xxiv. 295.
RIFLED CANNON, XL 308.
RIFLEMAN-BIRD, or Rifle-Bird, xx.
553-
RIFLING, of cannon, XL 294.
RIGA, town, Russia, xx. 553.
RlGAUD, Hyacinthe, French painter,
XX. 554.
RIGDON, Sydney, Mormon leader, xvi.
826.
RIGGING, of a ship, xxi. 153, 594.
RIGHT, in law, xiv. 361.
— , Petition of, XV 1 1 1. 705.
- HAND OF FELLOWSHIP, salutation,
xxi. 237.
- HONOURABLE, title, xxm. 418.
OF SEARCH, Maritime, xxi.
— OF WAY, in law, xix. 705.
RIGHTS, Bill of, English (1689), xx.
555-
OF MAN, Declaration of the,
France, IX. 599.
OF MAN, Paine's book, xvm.
136-
RIGID FIGURE, Kinematics of a, xv.
691.
RIGIDITY, Modulus of, vn. 805, 815;
xxii. 595.
RIGI KULM, mountain, Switzerland,
xxi. 465.
RIGORISM, in casuistry, xiv. 636.
RiG-VEDA, Brahmanical sacred books,
xxi. 275; iv. 202; xii. 780; philo
sophy of, xxiv. 117; on Hindu
astrology, II. 739; language of, II.
673-
RIJN, Rembrandt Harmens van (Rem
brandt), Dutch painter, XX. 373.
RIKSDAG, Swedish parliament, xxii.
742.
RILLE, river, France, xvin. i.
RlMAC, river, Peru, XIV. 644.
RIME IN VITA, Petrarch's poem, xvm.
711.
RIMER, hand tool, XL 438.
RIMINI, town, Italy, xx. 555.
RINALDO, Count (Pope Alexander IV.),
I 487.
, architect of Pisa cathedral, xix.
122.
— , Tasso's poem, Xill. 510; xxm.
76.
RINCKHART, Martin, German hymn-
writer, xii. 586.
RINDERPEST, cattle disease, xvii. 59;
I. 304; in Cheshire (1866), v. 589.
RINDFLEISCH, Georg Eduard, his
scheme of diseases, XVIII. 361.
RING, Astronomical, Gemma's, xvu.
251.
, Finger, xx. 560.
374
B, I N — R 0 B
RINGBERG, mountain, Germany, XXI.
349-
RING DES NIBELUNGEN, Wagner's oper
atic tetralogy, XXI v. 314.
RING-DOVE, bird, vn. 379.
RINGELSPITZ, mountain, Switzerland,
xxi. 169.
RING-MONEY, Celtic, xvu. 630.
RING-OUSEL, bird, XVIII. 75.
RiNG-SANGS, ballads or dancing songs,
in. 285.
RING SNAKE, xxn. 194.
RINGWORM, disease, xviu. 269; xxn.
124.
RINIERI'S THERMOMETER, xxm. 288.
RINK, for skating, xxu. 105.
RINMANN'S GREEN, pigment, xxiv.
787.
RINTELN, Germany, University of, xxm.
845, 848.
RINUCCINI, Ottavio, Italian musical
composer, XXIV. 315.
Rio, Ercole del, Italian chessplayer, v.
601.
RIOBAMBA, town, Ecuador, South
America, xx. 562.
Rio DE JANEIRO, town, Brazil, xx.
562; observatory at, xvu. 716.
Rio GRANDE, river, West Africa, xx.
564.
Rio GRANDE DEL NORTE, river, North
America, xx. 563; xvu. 400; xxm.
203.
Rio GRANDE DO NORTE, river, Brazil,
xx. 563.
Rio GRANDE DO SUL, river, Brazil,
xx. 564.
Rio GRANDE DO SUL, town and pro
vince, Brazil, XX. 564.
RIOJA, Spain, Wine of, xxiv. 607.
RIOM, town, France, xx. 564, 120.
RION, river, Caucasus, v. 253; xxm.
5i3-
RIONERO IN VOLTURE, town, Italy,
xx. 564.
RIOT, in law, xx. 564.
RlO TlNTO, mines, Spain, XII. 334.
Riouw, town, near Bintang, Indian
Archipelago, III. 679; XII. 818; XXU.
639-
RIPARIAN LAWS, xx. 565.
RIPH, Jewish rabbi and Talmudist, xx.
566.
RlPlDOLITE, mineral, XVI. 414.
RIPLEY, town, England, xx. 567.
, George, American critic and man
of letters, xx. 567.
RlPON, town, England, xx. 568; Wil
frid's connexion with, xxiv. 566.
— FALLS, Nile, Africa, xvu. 505.
RIPPERDA, John William, Baron, poli
tical adventurer, xx. 568; as Spanish
minister, XXU. 338.
RIPPLES, on water, xxiv. 420.
RIPPLING, of flax, ix. 294.
RIPPOLDSAU, spa, Germany, xvi. 434.
RIPUARIAN LAW, Frankish, xxi. 214.
RIPUARIANS, Frankish people, ix. 723;
x. 476.
RIQUETI, xvi. 492, 498. See Mirabeau.
RIQUIER, St, France, Library of, xiv.
5i3-
RIR', Wady, Sahara, Africa, xxi. 150.
RlSPETTO, Italian song, xix. 272.
RISSI, Peter, Swiss leader, xxu. 785.
RlST, Johann, German hymn-writer,
xx. 568; xu. 586.
RISTORO D' AREZZO, Italian writer, xiu.
501.
RITENBENK, district, Greenland, xr.
171.
RITES, Sacred, Congregation of, Church
of Rome, xx. 630.
RITSCHL, Albrecht, German theologian,
on Pietism, XIX. 84.
, Friedrich Wilhelm, German
scholar, XX. 569.
RlTSON, Joseph, English antiquary, xx.
570.
RlTTENHOUSE, David, American astro
nomer, xx. 570.
, William, papermaker, Philadel
phia, U.S.A., xviu. 740.
RITTER, Carl, German geographer, xx.
570.
RITTINGERITE, mineral, XVI. 393.
RlTUALE ROMANUM, liturgical book,
xiv. 710.
RIUKIU (LEW-CHEW) ISLANDS, North
Pacific, xiv. 489; xiu. 570; language
of, xiii. 586.
RlVA, town, Tyrol, x. 75.
RIVALS, The, Sheridan's play, XXI. 798.
RlVAROL, Antoine de, French writer,
xx. 571; ix. 670.
RlVAS, town, Nicaragua, XVII. 477.
, Duke of (Angel de Saavedra),
Spanish poet and politician, xxi. 122;
xxu. 343, 361.
RIVE DE GIER, town, France, xx. 571.
RIVER, RIVERS, xx. 571; flow of water
in, xu. 492; formation of bars of, x.
277; xx. 575; gauging of, xu. 509;
geological action of, X. 272 ; proprie
tary rights in, xx. 565; tides in, xxm.
353, 362; water of, xxiv. 398; in
relation to water-supply, XXIV. 404;
influence of wind on, XII. 497.
- ENGINEERING, xx. 571; of Miss
issippi, xvi. 520; of Po, xix. 251.
MUSSEL, mollusc, xvn. no.
RIVERO, Peruvian naturalist, xviu. 676.
RIVER PEARLS, xvui. 447.
RIVER PLATE, South America, u. 489.
RIVER POPLAR, tree, xix. 512.
RIVIERA, district, Italy and France, xx.
581; xiii. 437, 441; Italian dialect of,
xiu. 493.
RIVIERE, Captain, French commander,
Tong-King, xxm. 441.
RIVINUS, Augustus Quirinus (Bach-
mann), on plant classification, iv. 79.
RIVOLI, Duke of (Masse"na, q.v.), French
marshal, XV. 616.
RIVOTITE, mineral, xvi. 428.
RIXDORF, suburb of Berlin, Germany,
xx. 581.
RlYAM, sanctuary, Arabia, XXI v. 741.
RIZA, Tomb of, at Meshed, Persia, xvi.
46; xvui. 626.
RIZZIO, David, Queen Mary's secretary,
xx. 581; xv. 596; xxi. 504.
RJEV (Rzheff), town, Russia, XXI. 119.
ROACH, fish, xx. 582; xn. 692; angling
for, II. 41.
ROAD, Rule of the, in driving, XL 811;
at sea, xvu. 277.
ROADS, xx. 582; bridges on, iv. 285;
making of, xx. 582, 583; tolls on,
xxm. 436; underground, in mines,
XVI. 455; Telford's construction of,
XXIII. 155.
ROAN LEATHER, xiv. 388.
ROANNE, town, France, XX. 588.
, plain, France, xiv. 807.
ROANNEZ, Due de, his relations with
Pascal, xviu. 334.
ROA-PouA, island, Marquesas, Pacific,
xv, 564.
ROARING FORTIES, or brave west winds,
in meteorology, xvi. 146.
ROAST-BEEF PLANT, ix. 279.
ROASTING, of meat, vi. 332.
ROATAN, island, Honduras, XII. 131.
ROBBERS, The, Schiller's play, xxi. 395.
ROBBER SYNOD, at Ephesus, xiv. 448.
ROBBERY, in law, xxm. 231, 233.
ROBBIA, Andrea della, Florentine
sculptor, xx. 590.
, Giovanni della,Florentine sculptor,
xx. 591.
— -, Girolamo della, Florentine sculptor,
xx. 592.
, Luca della, Florentine sculptor,
v v r QQ
XX. 5"O.
ROBENHAUSEN, Switzerland, Lake-
dwellings at, xiv. 223.
ROBERT I., king of France, xx. 592;
ix. 536.
, duke of France, IX. 525.
, the Angevine, king of Naples,
xiu. 477.
(Hrolf), duke of Normandy, xx.
627; IX. 535; xvu. 539.
, duke of Normandy, father of
William I., ix. 537; xvn. 542.
, duke of Normandy, son of William
I., his relations with William Rufus,
vui. 301; xvii. 544; xxiv. 577.
the Bruce, king of Scotland, xx.
592; xxi. 488.
- II.-IIL, of Scotland, xxi. 490.
of Belesme, Norman noble, XI.
656.
— of Brunne, early English writer,
vui. 410.
— of Gloucester, English chronicler,
xx. 596; Ins chronicle, VIII. 410.
— , Hubert, French painter, XX. 595.
— , Louis Leopold, French painter,
XX. 595.
0 B — R 0 E
375
ROBERT, M., French aeronaut, I. 188.
, Rahel Antonie, wife of Varnhagen
von Ense, xxiv. 91.
GUISCARD, duke of Apulia, xx.
596, 791; xm- 470-
HERON, pseudonym of John
Pinkerton, Xix. 107.
ROBERT-HOUDIN, Jean Eugene, French
conjuror, xiv. 415; xv. 209.
ROBERT LE DIABLE, Meyerbeer's opera,
xvi. 222.
ROBERTS, David, Scottish painter, xx.
597-
, Richard, his improvements on
cotton-spinning mule, VI. 498.
ROBERTSON, Frederick William, English
preacher, xx. 597.
, John, his elements of navigation,
XVII. 258.
, Thomas William, dramatist, xx.
598.
, William, Scottish historian, XX.
599; his place in English literature,
vin. 431.
ROBERVAL, Gilles Personne de, French
mathematician, xx. 601; his method
of tangents, xm. 8.
ROBESPIERRE, Maximilien Marie Isi
dore, French Revolutionist, XX. 60 1;
ix. 602, 607; his relations with Napo
leon, xvn. 195.
ROBIGALIA, Roman festival, xv. 570.
ROBIN, bird, xx. 314; ix. 142; Aus
tralian, xxiv. 537.
of Redesdale, Rising of, in England
(1469), xvin. 94.
ROBINE CANAL, Narbonne, France,
xvn. 229.
ROBINET, Jean Baptiste Rene, on evolu
tion, vin. 760.
ROBIN GOODFELLOW, woodland spirit,
xx. 606.
ROBIN HOOD, xx. 605, 658, 660; xvn.
599-
ROBINIA, tree, n. 318.
ROBIN REDBREAST, or Robin, xx. 314;
in. 765.
ROBINS, Benjamin, English natural
philosopher, XX. 607; inventor of bal
listic pendulum, xi. 297; on rifled
cannon, n. 557.
ROBINSON, Anastasia, countess of Peter
borough, xvin. 701.
, Dr, on wind gauges, 1 1. 25.
, Edward, American Biblical scholar,
xx. 607.
, John, English Independent, XX.
608; xn. 725.
, John Thomas Romney, Irish astro
nomer, xx. 608.
CRUSOE (Alexander Selkirk), xxi.
- CRUSOE, Defoe's work, vn. 28.
CRUSOE'S ISLAND, xm. 758.
ROBISON, John, his magnetic researches,
XV. 237; his connexion with the En
cyclopaedia Britannica, vin. 200, 201.
ROB ROY, Scottish outlaw, xx. 608.
ROBSART, Amy, wife of earl of Leicester,
XIV. 425.
ROBUSTI, Domenico, Italian painter,
xx. 6n.
, Jacopo (Tintoretto), Italian painter,
xx. 608.
— , Marietta, daughter of Tintoretto,
xx. 610.
ROC, fabulous bird, xx. 611.
ROCAMBOLE, vegetable, xii. 287.
ROCCA, second husband of Madame de
Stael, xxii. 441.
ROCH, St, Franciscan monk, xx. 611.
ROCHDALE, town, England, xx. 611.
ROCHE BERNARD, La, town, France,
xvi. 813.
ROCHEFORT, town, France, xx. 612.
ROCHEFOUCAULD, Due de la, French
writer, xiv. 317, 867; ix. 663.
ROCHELLE, La, town, France, xx. 612;
siege of (1627), IV. 419; IX. 568; synod
of (1671), xix. 694.
SALT, xxm. 69.
ROCHERS, Les, chateau, Brittany, France,
xxi. 705; xxiv. 263.
ROCHES, Peter des, bishop of Winchester,
XL 658.
ROCHESTER, town, England, xx. 613.
— , town, New York, U.S.A., xx. 614.
, Earl of, poet, xx. 614.
- KEEP, Kent, England, v. 198.
ROCHE-SUR-YON, La, town, France,
xx. 615.
ROCHET, episcopal dress, vi. 463.
ROCHON, Alexis Marie, his micrometer,
xvi. 252.
ROCK, or Distaff, for spinning, Xiv.
664.
ROCKAWAY BEACH, Long Island, New
York, U.S.A., xiv. 866.
ROCK-BORING MACHINES, in. 808;
xvi. 444, 446.
ROCKBRIDGE ALUM SPRINGS, Virginia,
U.S.A., xvi. 436.
ROCK-COOK, fish, xxiv. 686.
ROCK CORK, mineral, xvi. 418.
ROCK-CRYSTAL, mineral, xvi. 389.
ROCK-CUT TEMPLES, of India, n. 394.
ROCK-DOVE, bird, vn. 379.
ROCKET, in pyrotechny, xx. 136; ap
paratus for shipwreck rescue, XIV. 572;
military, I. 745; n. 661.
-, R. Stephenson's locomotive engine,
xx. 225.
ROCKFLEET CASTLE, Mayo, Ireland, xv.
651.
ROCKFORD, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xx.
615.
ROCKHAMPTON, town, Queensland, xx.
615.
ROCK-HOPPER, bird, XVIII. 492.
ROCKINGHAM, Second Marquis of,
English statesman, xx. 615; vni. 358;
xix. 137.
ROCK ISLAND, town, Illinois, U.S.A.,
xx. 616.
ROCKLAND, town, Maine, U.S.A., xx.
616.
ROCK OF AGES, Toplady's hymn, XII.
594-
ROCK OF CASHEL, Ireland, v. 175.
ROCK-OIL, xviii. 712.
ROCK-PIGEON, bird, XXI. 259.
ROCKS, Characters of, x. 229.
ROCK-SALT, mineral, x. 228, 232; xxi.
230.
ROCK-SCULPTURES, in Phrygia, xvin.
850.
ROCK-SNAKE, xx. 144.
ROCK SOAP, mineral, xvi. 425.
ROCKY MOUNTAINS, North America,
xxm. 796; 1.674; geological structure
of, X. 372.
ROCKY MOUNTAIN SHEEP, n. 102.
ROCQUANCOURT, France, Aqueduct of,
II. 222.
ROCROI, town, France, xx. 616; battle
of (1643), ix. 571.
RODA, town, Germany, xxi. 347.
RODBERTUS, Karl Johann, German
socialist, XX. 616; XXII. 206,
218.
RODENTIA, or Rodents, order of Mam
malia, xv. 415.
RODERICK, Gothic king, xxii. 309.
- RANDOM, Smollett's novel, xxii.
184.
RODERIQUE, Jean Ignace de, Cologne
gazetteer, xvn. 428.
RODEZ, town, France, xx. 617.
RODGERS, John, American naval officer,
xxm. 760.
RODGER'S ANCHOR, n. 6.
RODMAR, in the Nibelungenlied, xvn.
474-
RODNEY, Lord, English admiral, xx.
617. '
RODOMNA (Roannc), ancient town,
France, xx. 588.
RODOMUM (Rouen), ancient town,
France, XXI. 12.
RODOSTO, town, Turkey in Europe, xx.
618.
RODRIGO DIAZ DE BIVAR (the Cid),
Spanish hero, v. 773; xxn. 315.
RODRIGUEZ, island, Indian Ocean, xx.
618; XV. 642; solitaire of, bird, in.
722.
— of Toledo, Spanish chronicler, xxn.
354-
-, Pedro, Spanish economist, XIX.
363-
ROE, of fish, xii. 660.
, Muckle, island, Shetland, Scotland,
xvn. 846.
— , Nathaniel, English logarithmist,
xiv. 775.
-, Sir Thomas, English political
agent, XX. 619.
ROEBLING, John Augustus, American
engineer, xx. 619.
ROEBUCK, John, founder of Carron iron
works, Scotland, xxiv. 413.
376
O E — R O M
ROE DEER, vn. 24; shooting of, xxi.
834.
ROEMER, Olaus, Danish astronomer, XX.
620.
ROERMOND, town, Holland, XX. 620.
ROESKILDE, town, Denmark, xxiv. 771.
ROFIA PALM, Madagascar, xv. 170.
ROFREIT (Roveredo), town, Tyrol,
Austria, XXI. 28.
ROGATION DAYS, xx. 620; i. 654;
litanies for, XIV. 695.
ROGER I. -1 1 1., counts of Foix, ix. 354.
I., grand-count of Sicily, xx. 620;
xni. 471; xxn. 25.
II., count of Sicily, and first king,
XX. 620; XXII. 26; conquest of Tunis
by, XXlll. 621.
of Hovedon, English chronicler,
xii. 319.
of Wendover, English chronicler,
xx. 620.
— BERNARD I.-III., counts of Foix,
ix. 354.
ROGERS, James E. Thorold, on econo
mics, xix. 399.
, John, editor of Matthew's Bible,
xx. 620; vni. 386.
-, Samuel, English poet, XX. 620.
ROGUE, river and valley, Oregon,
U.S.A., xvn. 822.
ROHAN, Benjamin de, Due de Soubise,
Huguenot, XXII. 277.
, Charles de, Prince de Soubise,
French marshal, XXII. 277.
, Emmanuel de, grand-master of
Knights of St John, XXI. 175.
, Henri de, French general and
writer of memoirs, XX. 622.
, Louis Rene Edouard, Cardinal de,
xx. 622.
ROHILKHAND, or Rohilcund, division,
India, XX. 623.
ROHILLAS, tribe, India, III. 372.
ROHITSCH, spa, Styria, Austria, xxn.
614.
ROHLFS, Gerhard, his travels in Africa,
I. 247.
RUHR, Johann Friedrich, German theo
logian, xx. 290.
ROHRI, town, India, XXI. 803.
RoilTAK, district, India, XX. 623; town,
xx. 624.
ROIG, Jaume, Catalan poet, xxil. 363.
RoiSDORF, spa, Prussia, xvi. 436.
RojAS, Ferdinand de, Spanish dramatist,
xxn. 356.
ROJAS-ZORILLA, Francisco de, Spanish
dramatist, xx. 624; vn. 421; xxn.
359-
ROKEBY, Scott's poem, xxi. 549.
ROKELLE, river, Sierra Leone, Africa,
xvil. 496; xxii. 45.
ROKITANSKY, Freiherr von, Viennese
pathologist, XX. 624; xv. 817.
ROKYZANA, Johann, leader of Calixtine
sect, XVI. 8 1 1.
ROLAND, Camisard leader, iv. 744.
ROLAND, Jean Marie, French Revolu
tionist, xx. 624; ix. 603. "
, Madame, French Revolutionist,
xx. 624; ix. 603.
— , Chanson de, IX. 637; x. 523.
— , Legend of, xx. 626, 650; xxm.
669.
ROLANDSLIED, German ballad, x. 523;
ix. 637.
ROLF (Rollo), Scandinavian rover, xx.
627; ix. 535; xvn. 539.
ROLL, Papyrus, xvm. 232.
ROLLAND, John, early Scottish poet,
xxi. 542.
ROLLE OF HAMPOLE'S PSALTER, vni.
383-
ROLLER, agricultural implement, I. 319;
steam, for roads, XX. 583.
-, bird, XX. 627.
ROLLER-MILLS, for flour, ix. 345.
ROLLER-SKATING, xxn. 105.
ROLLIN, Charles, French historian, xx.
627; IX. 668.
ROLLING CONTACT, in mechanics, xv.
755-
ROLLING MILLS, Iron, xm. 328.
ROLLO, Scandinavian rover, xx. 627;
ix. 535; xvii. 539.
ROLLOCK, Robert, Scottish theological
writer, XX. 628; xxi. 542.
ROLLS, manuscripts, xvm. 144
, English records, xx. 310.
, Master of the, English judge, xx.
628.
ROLL TOBACCO, xxm. 426.
ROM, island, Schleswig-Holstein, xxi.
414.
ROMAGNOSI, Giovanni I). G. G., Italian
economist, XIX. 387.
ROMAIC LANGUAGE (Modern Greek),
XI. 135; dictionaries of, vn. 184.
ROMAN, prince of Volhynia, XXI. 90.
, river, Honduras, xii. 130.
, The, Dobell's poem, VII. 307.
— ARCHITECTURE, n. 414.
— BATHS, in. 434.
CAMP, iv. 750.
CANDLE, in pyrotechny, xx. 136.
— CATHOLIC CHURCH, xx. 628;
form of baptism in, in. 351; bishops
in, III. 788; celibacy in, v. 293; con
cordats, VI. 241; infhience of crusades
on, VI. 624; economic influence of,
Xix. 352; the Inquisition, XIII. 91;
liturgy of, XIV. 708; the popedom,
xix. 489; Propaganda, xix. 809;
in relation to the Reformation, xx.
319; Vatican Council, XXIV. no; in
Europe, vin. 712; in Italy, Xlll. 458.
— CATHOLIC EMANCIPATION ACT,
England, xx. 631.
ROMANCE, ROMANCES, xx. 632; Arab,
xxm. 5; French, ix. 638; German, x.
527; mythical, xvn. 158; Persian,
xvm. 657; Portuguese, xix. 557;
Provencal, XIX. 873; Spanish, XXII.
354, 357, 363; Syriac, xxn. 834.
ROMANCE LANGUAGES, xx. 661; xiv.
340; Diez's works on, vn. 214; dic
tionaries, of, vn. 184.
ROMAN CEMENT, v. 328.
ROMAN DE LA ROSE, early French
romance, IX. 643; William of Lorris's
part in, xxiv. 585; translation of, by
Chaucer, v. 451.
ROMAN DRAMA, vn. 409.
ROMAN DU RENART, early French
poem, ix. 641.
ROMAN EMPEROR, title, vin. 179; xx.
769.
ROMAN EMPERORS, Chronological table
of, xx. 781.
ROMAN EMPIRE, Holy, vin. 181; xx.
787.
ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE, n. 422.
ROMAN HISTORY, xx. 731. See Rome.
ROMANI, or Roumans (q.v.), nice of
people, Europe, xxi. 16; xxiv. 268.
ROMANI LANGUAGE (Gipsy), x. 613;
dictionaries of, vii. 189.
ROMANINA, La (Marianna Bulgarelli),
patroness of Metastasio, XVI. 104.
ROMANINO, Girolamo, Brescian painter,
xxi. 436, 443.
ROMAN INSCRIPTIONS, xni. 124.
ROMAN LAW, xx. 669; relation of
modern international law to, XI 1 1.
191 ; Justinian's codification of, xni.
792; schools of, XIV. 164.
ROMAN LITERATURE, xx. 715 ; rhe
toric, xx. 514; romance, XX. 633; in
time of Virgil, xxiv. 248.
ROMAN NUMERALS, n. 525; xvn. 625.
ROMANO, Giulio (Giulio Pippi), Italian
painter, xix. 112; xv. 504.
ROMANOFF, royal family, Russia, xxi.
95-
ROMANOFF - BORISOGLYEBSK, town,
Russia, xxiv. 731.
ROMANOS, Ramon M., Spanish satirist,
xxn. 361.
ROMAN ROADS, xx. 582; Itineranum,
xni. 517.
ROMANS, town, France, xx. 727.
-, Epistle to the, xx. 727.
ROMANSCH LANGUAGE (Rumonsch or
Ladin), xx. 668; XI 1 1. 492; diction
aries of, vn. 1 86.
ROMANSHORN, town, Switzerland,
xxm. 331.
ROMANTICISM, in English literature,
XX. 857; in French, ix. 675; vn.
427; in German, x. 541; vn. 443;
Schelling on, xxi. 390; in Polish
literature, xix. 304; in music, III. 598.
ROMANUS I. -IV., emperors of the East,
XX. 730.
, early hymn-writer, XII. 580.
-, the physician, Syriac writer, XXI I.
846.
ROMAN WALLS, Britain, 11. 139; xi-364.
ROMAN WRITING, xvin. 155.
ROMA QUADRATA, ancient Rome, xx.
812.
R O M — R O S
377
ROMBERG, Moritz Heinrich, German
physician, xv. 817.
ROMBLON, island, Philippines, XVIII.
752.
ROME, Ancient, History of, XX. 731
(index, 838); empire in Asia, II. 699;
under Augustus, in. 795 conquest of
Britain by, IV. 352; vni. 264; xxi.
474; in time of Ca.-sar, IV. 634; wars
with Carthage, v. 161; empire at time
of Christ, Xlll. 662; relations with
Jews in time of Christ, XX. 727;
relations of, to Christianity, v. 691,
693; under Constantino, vi. 299; con
quest of Egypt by, vn. 748; extent of
the empire, x. 176; conquest of Gaul j
by, IX. 527; of Germany, x. 474; siege
and pillage of, by the Goths, I. 443;
conquest of Greece by, XI. 108; under
Nero, xvil. 349; struggles with Par
thian empire, XVin. 595; conquest
of Sicily by, xxn. 21; of Spain,
xxii. 305; attack on Syracuse, xxn.
817.
, Ancient, Topography and archaeo
logy of, II. 343; vm. 840; xx. 807
(index, 838); agriculture of, I. 292;
amphitheatres, I. 774 ; architecture,
II. 414; architecture of churches, II.
434; army, II. 562; basilicas, ill. 415;
baths, ill. 434 ; coins, xvil. 637, 652;
colonies, vi. 158; comitia, VI. 194;
commerce, vi. 199; office of consul,
VI. 313; decrees of, on inscriptions,
Xlll. 132; drama, VII. 409; edu
cation in, vii. 671 ; festivals, ix.
114; games, x. 65; glass-making, x.
648; improvements in, under Trajan,
XXin. 505; libraries, XIV. 511; orders
of nobility, XVIL 526; religion, XX.
371; influences on religion of, xm.
780; slavery, XXII. 131; Stoicism in,
xxii. 572; taxation and finance, ix.
173; tenure of land, xiv. 260; terra
cotta remains, xxm. 194 ; theatres,
xxiii. 224.
— , Modern, XX. 833 (index, 838) ;
xm. 467; at close of the papal tem
poral power, XIX. 158; sack of, by
Constable de Bourbon (1527), v. 822;
xm. 482; carnival, v. 122; Catacombs,
v. 207 ; mural paintings in Catacombs,
xvn. 43; dialect, xm. 496; libraries,
xiv. 528, 548; newspapers, xvil. 431;
observatory at, xvil. 714; schools of
painting, xxi. 438, 443; picture gal
leries, xxi. 446; Michelangelo's art
work in, xvi. 23 1 ; Raphael's, XX.
277; Christian pilgrimages to, XIX.
94; sculpture, xxi. 568, 570; univer
sity, xxm. 836.
, town, New York, U.S.A., xx. 838.
-, Foundation of, Era of, v. 712.
ROMEITE, mineral, XVI. 428.
ROME LA GRANT, Latin romances, xx.
637.
ROMFORD, town, England, xx. 838.
ROMILLY, Sir Samuel, English jurist,
xx. 838; on Mirabeau, xvi. 494.
ROMNEY, George, English painter, xx.
839.
MARSH, Kent, England, xiv. 37.
- MARSH SHEEP, i. 392.
ROMNY, town, Russia, xx. 840; xix. 410.
ROMUALD, founder of Camaldulians, iv.
721.
ROMULUS, legendary founder of Rome,
xx. 840; wall of, in ancient Rome,
xx. 812.
, collection of fables, xvm. 727
AuGUSTULUS, Roman emperor,
xx. 781; XVIL 726.
RONALDSHAY, islands, Orkney, Scot
land, xvn. 846.
RONCAGLIA, Italy, Diet of (1154), xm.
472.
RONCESVALLES, Pyrenees, Battle of
(778), xx. 626; xxn. 310.
RON DA, town, Spain, xx. 840.
, Serrania de, mountain group,
Spain, xxn. 294.
RONDEAU, or Rondel, short poem, xx.
840; early French, IX. 644.
RONDELET, Guillaume, French ichthyo
logist, xii. 631.
RONDELETIUS, Jacobus, Swedish writer,
xxn. 754.
RONG, region, Tibet, xxm. 339.
RONGBACHA, district, Tibet, xxm. 342.
RONGE, Johann, leader of the German
Catholics, x. 444.
RONNEBURG, town, Germany, xxi. 347.
RONSARD, Pierre de, French poet, xx.
841; ix. 650; his alexandrine verse,
I. 500.
RONSARDISTS, school of French writers,
ix. 651.
RONSDORF, town, Prussia, xx. 842.
ROOD, in architecture, II. 472.
ROOF, in building, iv. 484; vii. 347;
carved wooden, xxiv. 647.
ROOFING TILES, xxm. 387.
ROOF OF THE WORLD, plateau, Turke
stan, xxm. 633; sources of the Oxus
in, xvm. 102.
ROOK, bird, xx. 842; VI. 617; cranium
of, m. 715.
ROOKE, Sir George, English naval com
mander, xx. 843.
ROORKEE, town, India, xxi. 152.
ROOSEBEK, Belgium, Battle of (1382),
ix. 548.
ROOST, whirlpool, Shetland, Scotland,
xxiv. 542.
ROOT, ROOTS, of plants, iv. 94; pressure
at, xix. 46; curvature of, xix. 60.
— CROPS, Culture of, I. 364.
ROOTS, of numbers, n. 532; xvn. 615.
ROPE, xx. 843.
ROPER, Mrs, daughter of Sir Thomas
More, xvi. 819.
ROPEWALK SPINNING, xx. 844.
ROQUEFAVOUR, France, Aqueduct of,
II. 222.
ROREE (Rohri), town, India, XXI. 803.
RORIDULA, genus of insectivorous
plants, xm. 137.
RORQUAL, cetacean mammal, XV. 395;
xxiv. 524.
RORSCHACH, town, Switzerland, xxi.
169.
RORY O'MORE, Lover's novel, xv. 29.
ROSA, genus of plants, xx. 850.
, Monte, Pennine Alps, I. 625; XXIV.
3i-
— , Francisco Martinez de la, Spanis'h
poet, xxn. 361.
, Salvator, Italian painter and satir
ist, xx. 846; as poet, xm. 512.
ROSAMOND, wife of Alboin, king of the
Lombards, XIV. 814.
-, Fair, mistress of Henry II. of
England, xx. 848.
ROSANILINE, dye, II. 48.
ROSARIO, town, Argentine Republic, xx.
848.
— , El, town, Mexico, vm. 155.
ROSARY, in Roman Catholic Church,
vv Q A Q
XX. 040.
ROSAS, Manuel de, president of Argen
tine Republic, XX. 848; II. 491.
ROSCELLINUS, scholastic philosopher,
xx. 848; xxi. 421.
ROSCHER, Wilhelm, German economist,
xix. 391.
ROSCHLAUB, Andreas, German physi
cian, xv. 814.
ROSCIAD, The, by Churchill, v. 766.
ROSCIANUM (Rossano), ancient town,
Italy, xx. 855.
ROSCIUS, Roman actor, vii. 412.
ROSCOE, William, English writer, XX.
849.
| ROSCOELITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
ROSCOMMON, county, Ireland, XX. 849;
representation, xxm. 727; town, XX.
850.
— , Earl of, poet, xx. 850.
ROSCREA, Tower of, Ireland, XXIII. 406.
ROSE, plant, xx. 850; xn. 260; of
Nishapur, Persia, xvm. 624.
, or Erysipelas, skin disease, vm.
531; XXII. 122.
, Roman de la, early French romance,
ix. 643; v. 451; xxiv. 585.
-, Valentine, on the writings of Aris
totle, II. 512.
ROSEAU, town, Dominica, West Indies,
vn. 354.
ROSELITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
ROSELLE, town, Italy, vm. 636; XL
212.
ROSELLINI, Ippolito, Italian Egyptolo
gist, XX. 851; V. 387; works of, on
Egyptian monuments, XL 809.
ROSE-MALLOES, incense, xii. 718.
ROSEMARY, plant, xx. 851; xn. 289.
ROSENBLATT, Wilibrandis, wife of
(Ecolampadius, xvn. 729.
ROSENHANE, Gustaf, Swedish poet,
xxn. 754.
XXV. — 48
378
0 s — R 0 U
ROSEN HO F, Kosel von, on protoplasm,
xix. 828.
ROSENKREUZER (Rosicrucians), fabu
lous secret society, xx. 852.
ROSENSTEIN, Nils von, Swedish writer,
xxii. 757.
ROSENSTIEHL'S GREEN, pigment, xix.
88.
ROSE OF JERICHO, plant, xx. 851.
ROSEOLA, skin disease, xv. 658; xxii.
122.
ROSES, Attar of, xvin. 526.
, Wars of the, in England, Vlll. 327,
329; XL 661; xxi. 740.
ROSETTA, town, Egypt, xx. 851; vn.
768.
— STONE, xx. 851; interpretation of,
v. 387.
ROSE WATER, xx. 851.
ROSEWOOD, xx. 851.
ROSH (Rabbenu Asher), German rabbi,
xx. 852.
ROSHAN, state, Central Asia, xvni. 104.
ROSH HASSHANAH, of Maimonides, xv.
296.
ROSHNABAD, estate, Tipperah, India, xi.
820.
ROSICRUCIANS, fabulous secret society,
xx. 852.
ROSIERES-AUX-SALINES, town, France,
xvi. 205.
ROSIN, resin, XX. 852; for violins?, XXIV.
242.
ROSLAVL, town, Russia, xxn. 183.
ROSLER, H., German economist, xix.
392-
ROSLIN (or ROSSLYN) CASTLE AND
CHAPEL, Scotland, n. 429; vn. 658.
ROSMARINUS, genus of plants, xx. 851.
ROSMINIANS, or Institute of Charity,
religious order, XX. 853.
ROSMINI-SERBATI, Antonio, Italian
philosopher, XX. 853.
ROSNY, Baron de (Sully), French states
man, xxii. 633.
ROSPIGLIOSI, '^Giulio (Pope Clement
IX.), v. 822.
ROSS, county, Scotland, XX. 853.
, Earls of, xx. 854.
, J., settler, Keeling Islands, xiv. 27.
, Sir James Clark, Arctic and An
tarctic explorer, xx. 855; x. 192, 195;
xix. 320, 330.
, Sir John, Arctic voyager, XX. 855;
XIX. 319.
, Mount, Kerguelen's Land, xiv.
48.
ROSSA, O'Donovan, Fenian leader, xm.
271.
ROSSANO, town, Italy, xx. 855.
ROSSBACH, Prussia, Battle of (1757), in.
128; IX. 588.
ROSSE, Third Earl of, astronomer, xx.
855; his observatory at Birr Castle,
Ireland, xvil. 711.
ROSSELLI, Ccsirno, Italian painter, xx.
856.
ROSSELLINO, Antonio, Florentine sculp
tor, xx. 856.
, Bernardo, Italian sculptor and
architect, xx. 857.
ROSSETTI, Dante Gabriel, English poet
and painter, XX. 857; xxi. 442.
ROSSI, Count Pellegrino L. O., Italian
economist, Xix. 395; murder of, xm.
488.
RossiGNOL, lake, Nova Scotia, xvn. 601.
ROSSINI, Gioachino Antonio, Italian
musical composer, xx. 860; xvn. 99.
ROSSLYN (or ROSLIN) CASTLE AND
CHAPEL, Scotland, n. 429; vn. 658.
, Earl of (Alexander Wedderburn),
xxiv. 475.
ROST, island, Norway, xiv. 769.
ROSTELLARIA, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
651.
ROSTOCK, town, Germany, xx. 86 1;
contract of (1755), xv- 77^'> univer
sity of, XXlll. 841.
ROSTOFF, on the Don, town, Russia, xx.
862.
, on Lake Nero, town, Russia, xx.
862.
-, Lake, Russia, xxiv. 731.
ROSTOPCHIN, Count, governor of Mos
cow, xvn. 217.
ROSTRA, on Comitium, at Rome, xx.
816.
Ros VAND, lake, Norway, xvn. 576.
ROSWEYD, Heribert, Bollandist father,
iv. 18.
ROSWITH A (Hrosvitha), mediaeval writer,
xii. 326; vn. 412.
ROTALIA, genus of Foraminifera, ix.374.
ROTALIDEA, order of Protozoa, XIX.
847-
ROTARY ENGINES, xxn. 516.
ROTATION, of crops, i. 340.
OF THE EARTH, Evidence of, vn.
60 1 ; x. 197; how affected by tidal
friction, xxin. 377, 378; its geological
effects, x. 216.
ROTATIONS, in mechanics, xv. 690;
energy in, vni. 207.
ROTATORIA, group of animal parasites,
xvni. 259; xxi. 4.
ROTELANDE, Hue de, early romancist,
xx. 644.
ROTHAMSTED, England, Manure ex
periments at, xv. 507.
ROTHARI, king of the Lombards, xiv.
815.
ROTHE, Richard, German theologian,
XXI. i; on theological ethics, xxill.
270.
ROTHELN, disease, xv. 658.
ROTHER, river, England, xxn. 723.
ROTHERHAM, town, England, xxi. 2.
ROTHER MARKET, at Stratford-on-
Avon, England, xxi. 741.
ROTHESAY, town, Scotland, xxi. 2; iv.
580.
, Duke of, son of Robert III. of
Scotland, xxi. 491.
ROTHINE, dye, v. 86.
ROTHMANN, Bernhard, German Ana
baptist, I. 786.
ROTHSCHILD, family of Jewish bankers,
xxi. 3.
ROTHWELL, town, England, xxi. 3.
ROTIFERA, class of animals, xxi. 4; in
Lankester's classification, xxiv. 813.
ROTOMAGUS (Rouen), Roman town,
France, xxi. 12.
ROTONDO, Mont, Corsica, vi. 439.
ROTROU, Jean de, French tragic pool,
xxi. 8; IX. 657.
ROTTERDAM, town, Holland, xxi. 9.
ROTTISITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
ROTTLERIN, principle in kamala, xm.
831.
ROTTNEST ISLAND, Western Australia,
xxiv. 508.
ROTULI LlTTERARUM CLAUSARUM,
Chancery rolls, xx. 311.
ROU (Rollo), Scandinavian rover, IX.
535; xvn. 539; xx. 627.
ROUBAIX, town, France, xxi. 10.
ROUBILIAC, Louis Frangois, French
sculptor, xxi. 10, 560.
ROUGHER, Jean Antoine, French poet,
XXI. II.
ROUDAIRE, Elie, on flooding the Sahara.,
xxi. 151.
ROUEN, town, France, xxi. 11, 626;
libraries of, XIV. 526, 546; pottery
ware, xix. 630.
ROUGE, colouring matter, xxi. 13.
ROUGE, Olivier C. C. E., Vicomte de,
Egyptologist, xi. 794.
ROUGET DE LISLE, Claude Joseph,
French song-Avriter, xxi. 13.
ROUGH CAST, in architecture, n. 472.
ROULE, Cornells, Dutch Arctic explorer,
xix. 318.
ROULERS, town, Belgium, xxi. 14.
ROUM, Arabic name for the Romans,
xxi. 14.
ROUMANIA, country, Europe, xxi. 14;
kingdom, in I2th century, XI. 118;
forests of, IX. 402; Greek Church of,
XI. 157; Je\vs in, xm. 686; language
of, Vin. 621; xxiv. 270; newspapers
of, XVII. 432; periodical literature of,
xvni. 543; Roman Catholics in, xx.
631.
ROUMANIAN (or ROUMAN) LANGUAGE
(Walachian), xxiv. 269; xx. 668;
vni. 621; xiv. 341; dictionaries of,
vn. 1 86.
ROUMANIANS, or Roumans, xxiv. 268;
in Greece, XI. 83; in Russia, xxi. So;
of Transylvania, xxin. 522.
ROUMELIA, province, Bulgaria, XX I. 21;
Eastern, united to Bulgaria, XXIII.
652.
ROUND, in music, xvn. 82.
ROUNDABOUT PAPERS, Thackeray's,
xxin. 216.
ROUNDEL, in heraldry, xi. 697.
ROUND TABLE, Legend of the, vni.
R 0 U — R U D
379
407; xv. 523; romances of, II. 650;
xx. 642; French writings on, v. 687;
ix. 638.
ROUND TABLE, Arthur's, mound at
Caerleon, England, IV. 632.
ROUND TOWERS, xxi. 22; Irish, archi
tecture of, II. 429; iu Fermanagh,
Ireland, IX. 91; in Kildare, Ireland,
xiv. 73; Petrie's essay on, XVIII. 712.
ROUND-WORM, Disease due to, xvm.
270.
Rous, or Rouse, Francis, translator of
the Psalms, xxi. 22; xn. 590.
ROUSAY, island, Orkney, Scotland, XVII.
846.
ROUSSEAU, Jacques, French painter,
xxi. 22.
, Jean Baptiste, French poet, XXI.
23; ix. 664.
, Jean Jacques, French man of
letters, xxi. 23; ix. 667; xxil. 798;
his influence on education, vil. 675:
his testimony to Jesus Christ, XIII.
670; his musical theories, XVII. 92;
as satirist, xxi. 320; influence of his
writings, IX. 592.
-, Theodore, French painter, xxi. 27.
ROUSSELAERE (Roulers), town, Belgium,
xxi. 14.
ROUSSELIN (Roscellinus), scholastic
philosopher, XX. 848.
ROUSSILLON, province, France, xxi.
28.
ROUVRAV, Louis de, Due de Saint Simon,
xxi. 198; ix. 668.
ROVERE, Delia, ruling family of duchy
of Urbino, xxiv. 9.
— , Francesco clella (Pope Sixtus IV.),
xxn. 103.
, Francesco Maria della, prince of
Urbino, xv. 787.
, Giuliano della (Pope Julius II.),
xni. 771.
ROVEREDO, town, Tyrol, Austria, xxi. 28.
RoviGNO, town, Austria, xxi. 28.
RoviGO, town, Italy, xxi. 29.
, A. J. M. R. Savary, Due de,
governor of Algeria, I. 567; xxi. 325.
ROVIN, John, his longevity, xiv. 858.
ROVING FRAMES, cotton machinery, vi.
495-
ROVNO, town, Russia, XXIV. 282.
ROVUMA, river, Africa, I. 255.
Row, Sir Thomas, English political
agent, xx. 619. '
ROWAN-TREE, or Mountain Ash, n. 680.
ROW-BOATS, xxi. 825.
ROWE, Nicholas, English dramatist, xxi.
29; vn. 435.
ROWERS, Greek, xxi. 807.
ROWING, xxi. 29.
ROWLAND, his experiments in mag
netism, xv. 255.
ROWLANDS, Daniel, Welsh Methodist
preacher, xvi. 193.
ROWLANDSON, Thomas, English cari
caturist, xxi. 32; v. 104.
ROWLEY, G. D., on birds, xvm. 13.
, Thomas, Poems by, Chatterton's,
v. 446.
, William, English dramatist, xxi.
33-
REGIS, town, England, XXI. 33.
Rows, of Chester, v. 604.
ROXANA, wife of Alexander the Great,
1.484; xv. 142; xvm. 584.
— , Alabaster's Latin tragedy, I. 440.
, Defoe's novel, vn. 29.
ROXAS-ZORILLA, Francisco de, Spanish
dramatist, xx. 624; vn. 421; xxn.
359-
ROXBURGH, county, Scotland, xxi. 33.
CASTLE, Scotland, xxi. 34.
ROXBURGHE CLUB, literary society,
Scotland, vn. 172.
ROXBURY, suburb of Boston, Massa
chusetts, U.S.A., xxi. 34; iv. 74.
Roxo, Cape, West Africa, xxi. 66 1.
ROY, Rammohun, founder of Brahma
Somaj, India, xxi. 34.
, William, English geodesist, xxi.
35-
ROYABAMBA, town, Ecuador, South
America, xx. 562.
ROYAL ACADEMY, London, xiv. 836.
ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS,
London, Xiv. 652.
ROYAL EXCHANGE, London, xiv. 832,
846.
ROYAL FAMILY, British, Precedence of,
xix. 662.
ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY, Eng
land, x. 191, 193.
ROYAL HOUSEHOLD, English, xxi. 35;
precedence of, xix. 662.
ROYAL MINT, London, xvi. 486.
ROYAL PREROGATIVE, xix. 672.
ROYAL SOCIETY, of London, xxi. 38;
xiv. 835.
ROYAL SUPREMACY, over Church of
England, vin. 374.
ROYAL TITLES, xxm. 417.
ROYAL UNIVERSITY, of Ireland, xxm.
855.
ROYAL VETO, xxiv. 207.
ROYAL WARRANT, xxiv. 371.
ROYAN, town, France, xxi. 40.
ROYAPET KISTNAMPET, part of Madras
city, India, XV. iSS.
ROYAT, spa, France, xvi. 435, 436; xx.
1 20.
ROY BAREILLY, district and town, India,
xx. 222.
ROYER-COLLARD, Pierre Paul, French
statesman and philosopher, xxi. 40;
his influence on Cousin, vi. 51.
ROYLE, John Forbes, English botanist,
xxi. 40.
ROZET, Abbe, French agriculturist,
xxiv. 198.
ROZIER, Frangois Pilatre de, French
aeronaut, I. 188, 191.
RSHEFF, town, Russia, xxi. 119; xxm.
672.
RUANG, Phra, Siamese ruler, xxi. 854.
RUAPEHU, mountain, New Zealand,
XVII. 466.
RUAS (Rugulas), Hunnic king, XII.
381-
RUBAIS, form of Persian poetry, XVII.
771.
RUBBER, of whist, xxiv. 546.
— , India-, xii. 835.
RUBBLE WORK, in architecture, n. 472;
walls of, iv. 470.
RUBELLAN, mineral, xvi. 413.
RUBELLITE, mineral, xvi. 409.
RUBENS, John, Flemish lawyer, xxi. 41.
, Peter Paul, Flemish painter, xxi.
41, 439; his relations with Van Dyck,
xxiv. 60; with Velazcpiez, xxiv. 132;
his tomb in Antwerp, II. 146.
RUBEOLA, disease, xv. 657.
RUBEZAHL, German goblin, xx. 552.
RUBIA, genus of plants, xv. 176.
RUBICELLA, mineral, xvi. 386.
RUBICON, river, Italy, XIII. 437.
RUBIDIUM, chemical element, v. 524 ;
xix. 592.
RUBROUCK, commune, French Flanders,
xxi. 46.
RUBRUQUIS (William of Rubruk), Fran
ciscan traveller, i3th century, XXI. 46;
x. 178; on Cathay, v. 628; on Prester
John, xix. 716.
RUBSEN SEED, xx. 273.
RUBY, precious stone, xxi. 47.
RUCANAS, Peruvian nation, xvm. 676.
RUCELINUS (Roscellinus), mediaeval
scholastic, XX. 848.
RUCELLAI, Giovanni, Italian writer,
xill. 510.
RUCKERT, Friedrich, German poet, xxi.
49; x. 543.
RUCU PlCHINCHA, mountain, Ecuador,
VIL 645.
RUDAGI, Persian poet, xxi. 49; xvm.
656.
RUDBECK, Olaf or Olof, Swedish natu
ralist and scientist, xiv. 672 ; XXIL
755; xxm. 860; as anatomist, I. 811.
RUDD, fish, xxi. 49; xx. 582.
RUDDER, of a ship, xxi. 602.
RUDDIMAN, Thomas, Scottish scholar,
xxi. 50.
RUDE, FranQois, French sculptor, xxi.
50, 564.
RUDENBECK, Germany, Dolmen at, xxi.
52.
RUDE STONE MONUMENTS, xxi. 50;
n- 338, 383; vi. 597; in Polynesia,
xix. 428; in Porto Rico, xix. 532; at
Stonehenge, XXIL 576.
RUDNIK, mountains, Servia, XXI. 686.
RUDOLFSHEIM, suburb of Vienna,
Austria, IX. 827.
RUDOLPH I., German king, xxi. 53;
xxil. 782; as count of Hapsburg, x.
493; his relations to the popedom, xx.
798.
II., emperor, xxi. 53.
380
E U D — E U S
RUDOLPHINE TABLES, Kepler's, xiv.
47-
RUDOLSTADT, town, Germany, xxi. 53,
461.
— , Schwarzburg-, principality, Ger
many, XXL 461.
RUDSTON, Yorkshire, England, Mono
lith at, xxi. 51.
RUE, herb, xn. 289.
RUEDA, Lope de, Spanish dramatist,
vii. 420; xxii. 356.
RUFF, bird, xxi. 54.
RUFF-AND-HONOURS, old card game,
xxiv. 543.
RUFFE, fish, xix. 481.
RUFIJI, river, Africa, I. 255.
RUFINUS, the Goth, xx. 780.
, Tyrannius, early Christian writer,
XXI. 55; xxn. 238; his relation to St
Jerome, xill. 630; his translations
and editions of Origen, XVII. 840.
RUFISQUE, town, Senegal, Africa, XXI.
660.
RUFUS, of Ephesus, anatomist, I. 802;
xxii. 675.
RUGBY, town, England, xxi. 55.
SCHOOL, England, under Arnold,
II. 627; observatory, xvn. 711.
RUGE, Arnold, German philosophical
and political writer, XXI. 56; XXII.
210.
RC'GEN, island in Baltic Sea, Germany,
xxi. 56; xix. 442.
RUGGIERI, archbishop of Pisa, Xix.
120.
RUGII, Teutonic tribes, xvn. 726.
RUGISI, strait, in Victoria Nyanza Lake,
Africa, xvn. 504.
RUGOSA, order of corals, VI. 380.
RUGULAS, Huimic king, XII. 381.
RUHLA, town, Germany, XXI. 347.
RUHLMANN, Richard, his barometric
formula, III. 386.
RUHMESHALLE, at Munich, Bavaria,
xvil. 26.
RUHNKEN, David, classical scholar,
xxi. 57; his relations with Wytten-
bach, xxiv. 714.
RUHR, river, Germany, xx. 519.
RUHRORT, town, Rhenish Prussia, XXI.
58.
RUIBINSK (Rybinsk), town, Russia, xxi.
116.
RUINI, Carlo, Italian veterinarian,
XXIV. 198; his alleged discovery of
circulation of the blood, xi. 504;
xxiv. 96.
RUIN MARBLE, mineral, xvi. 397.
RUISDAAL (Ruysdael), Jacob, Dutch
painter, XXI. 114, 439.
RuiSSELEDE, town, Belgium, XXI.
115.
Ruivo, Pico, mountain, Madeira Islands,
xv. 177.
Ruiz, Juan, Spanish poet, xxn. 353.
DE ALARCON, Juan, Spanish
dramatist, xxn. 359; vii. 421.
RUKH (Roc), fabulous bird, xx. 611.
SHAH, ruler of Persia, xvm. 632,
643-
RULE BRITANNIA, Music of, n. 623.
RULE OF THE ROAD, xi. Sii; at sea,
xvn. 277.
RULE OF THREE, in arithmetic, n.
535-
RULES OF PROCEDURE, in law, xiv.
358.
RULHliRE, Claude Carloman de, French
poet and historian, xxi. 58; IX. 668.
RULING, Paper, xxn. 461.
RULLIANUS, Q. Fabius, Roman general,
xx. 742.
RUM, spirituous liquor, xxi. 58; distil
lation of, vii. 264.
— , island, Scotland, II. 500.
— (Roum), Arabic name for the
Romans, xxi. 14.
(Asia Minor), Seljuks of, xxi. 14,
636.
RUMANIA, or Roumania (q.v.), xxi. 14.
RUMANTZOFF, Russian general, xxi. 99.
RUMEX, genus of plants, vn. 309.
RUMFORD, Count (Sir Benjamin
Thompson), scientist and diplomatist,
xxin. 309; his experiments on heat,
vin. 208; on chemical properties of
light, XVin. 821.
RUMI, Jelal-uddin, Persian poet, XXI.
59, 637; xvm. 658.
RUMINANTS, or Ruminantia, division of
Mammalia, xv. 421, 431; in South
America, I. 682.
RUM KALA, town, Syria, n. 147.
RUMKER, Carl Ludwig Christian, Ger
man astronomer, XXI. 59.
RUM MEL, river, Algeria, I. 563.
RUMNEY, river, Wales, xvi. 753.
RUMONSCH LANGUAGE, xx. 668; xin.
492.
RUM SHRUB, beverage, xxi. 59.
RUNCIMAN, Alexander, Scottish painter,
xxi. 60.
— , John, Scottish painter, XXI. 60
RUNCORN, town, England, XXI. 60.
RUNEBERG, Johan Ludwig, Swedish
poet, xxi. 60; xxn. 758.
RUNES, archaic alphabetic characters, I.
607, 612; xxi. 366, 370.
RUNGPORE (Rangpur), district and
town, India, xx. 272.
RUNIC INSCRIPTIONS, i. 607, 612; xxi.
366, 370.
RUNIGUNJ (Raniganj), coalfield, Bengal,
India, III. 371, 568; xn. 737.
RUNIUS, Johan, Swedish poet, xxn.
755-
RuNjiT(or RANJIT) SINGH, Sikh ruler,
India, xx. in.
RUNN, of Cutch, morass, India, vi. 730.
RUNNING, xxi. 60.
RUNG, island in Baltic Sea, Russia,
xiv. 723; xvn. 732.
RUNRIG, land system, Shetland, Scot
land, xvn. 848.
RUPELLA (La Rochelle), ancient town,
France, XX. 613.
RUPERT, St, apostle of Bavaria, xxi.
61.
, king of Germany, x. 495.
, prince of Bavaria, English general
and admiral, xxi. 61.
— OF DEBATE (Earl Derby), vn.
RUPERT'S DROPS, philosophical toy, n.
63-
RUPERT'S LAND, region, British North
America, xn. 333; xvn. 573.
RUPHIA, river, Greece, I. 615; XVII.
765.
RUPPINER SEE, lake, Prussia, xvn.
364-
RUPTURE, disease, XL 752.
— , in beams, Modulus of, IV. 292.
RURIK, early Russian chief, xxi. 87.
RURKI, town, India, xxi. 152.
RUSA, deer of Java, xin. 602.
RUSERA, town, India, xxin. 407.
RUSH, plant, xxi. 62.
, Benjamin, American physician
and politician, xxi. 62.
RUSHBROOK, town, Ireland, xx. 175.
RUSH NUT, xvn. 664.
RUSHT, or Rasht, town, Persia, xvm.
628.
RUSHWORTH, John, English compiler
of historical collections, xxi. 63.
GOSPELS, vin. 382.
RUSICADA, town, Numidia, xvn. 628.
RUSKIN, John, on beauty, I. 222; on
Turner, xxin. 664; his Stones -of
Venice, xxiv. 151.
Russ COMMONWEALTH, Giles Fletcher's
work, IX. 304.
RUSSELL, Earl, English statesman, XXI.
63; vin. 366; his relations with Lord
Palmerston, xvm. 195.
, William, Lord, English patriot,
xxi. 65.
— , John Scott, Scottish engineer, xxi.
66.
RUSSELL^E (Roselle), Etruscan town,
Italy, vin. 636.
RUSSIA, country, Europe, XXI. 67 (index,
1 10); original principality of, xxi. 89;
in Asia, II. 701; XVIII. 101; XXII. i;
influence of, on the balance of power
in Europe, III. 269; in time of
Catherine II., v. 233; conquest of the
Caucasus by, v. 258; Crimean War,
IX. 623; sympathy of, with modern
Greeks, XL 122; conquest of the
Khazars by, xiv. 60; invasion of, by
Mongols, xvi. 741, 747; invasion of,
by Napoleon (1811), IX. 616; xvn.
216; war with Persia, xvm. 647; share
of, in partition, of Poland, xix. 298;
influence of, in Turkestan, xxin. 637,
639; wars with Turkey (1736, 1828,
1 877), xxin. 647,650,652; academies, I.
72, 77; army, n. 608; arsenals, n. 634;
artillery, n. 660, 667; coalfields, VI.
II U S — S A 13
381
58; coins, xvn. 658; Cossacks, vi.
448; drama, VII. 444; forests, IX. 401;
foundling hospitals, IX. 483; gold, X.
743; Greek Church, XI. 157; Jews in,
xiii. 686; land laws, xiv. 262; lan
guage, xxil. 148; Lapps, xiv. 306;
libraries, xiv. 533, 549; mines, xvi.
468; navy, XVII. 299; newspapers,
xvn. 430; observatories, xvn. 714;
oyster culture, xvm. 108; periodical
literature, xvm. 543; police system,
xix. 344; prison system, xix. 761;
railways, xx. 251; serfdom, xxil. 143;
Tartar population, xxill. 70; uni
versity statistics, xxm. 849, 852 ;
weights and measures, XXIV. 490.
RUSSIAN ALPHABET, i. 614.
RUSSIAN AMERICA, or Alaska (?.i».), i.
443, 7ii-
RUSSIAN BATHS, in. 438.
RUSSIAN LANGUAGE, xxi. 109; xxn.
148; dictionaries of, vn. 188; VI. 762.
RUSSIAN LEATHER, xiv. 388; odour
imparted to, ill. 698.
RUSSIAN LITERATURE, xxi. 102.
RUSSIANS, race of people, Europe, xxi.
79; xxil. 145, 147; in time of Byzan
tine empire, XL 116.
RUST, on iron, xvi. 70.
RUSTAM, Persian ruler, xvni. 633; as
hero in Persian literature, xvm.
656.
RUSTCHUK, town, Bulgaria, XXI. no.
RUSTICIANO of Pisa, Italian writer,
xni. 501; xix. 407.
RUSTICO, town, Prince Edward Island,
xix. 740.
— DI FILIPPO, Italian poet, xni. 501.
RUSTRE, in heraldry, XL 697.
RUTEBCEUF, early French writer, IX.
642.
RUTENU, district, ancient Syria, XXIL
822.
RUTGERS COLLEGE, New Brunswick,
New Jersey, U.S.A., xvn. 375.
RUTH, Book of, xxi. no.
RUTHENA (Rode/), Roman town,
France, XX. 617.
RUTHENIANS, race of people, Russian
Poland, XIX. 309; as Roman Catholics,
xx. 631.
RUTHENIUM, chemical element, v. 537;
xix. 189, 192.
RUTHERFORD, John, his thermometer,
xxm. 291.
• , L. M., his observatory, at New
York, xvii. 715.
RUTHERFURD, Samuel, Scottish divine,
XXI. 112.
RUTHERGLEN, town, Scotland, xxi.
I 12.
RUTHVEN, Lady Mary, wife of Tan
Dyck, xxiv. 63.
, Raid of (1582), Scotland, xni.
558; xxi. 507.
RUTHWELL CROSS, Scotland, Runic
inscription on, xvn. 570.
RUTICILLA, genus of birds, xx. 317.
RUTILE, mineral, xvi. 386; xxm. 410.
RUTILIUS CLAUDIUS NAMATIANUS,
Latin poet, XXL 112.
RUTLAM, state, India, xx. 292.
RUTLAND, county, England, xxi. 113.
— , town, Vermont, U.S.A., xxi. 114;
xxiv. 167.
RUTLEDGE, John, American chief-
justice, xxm. 748.
RUTNAGHERRY (Ratnagiri), district and
town, India, XX. 292.
RUTULI, an ancient people of Latium,
xiv. 343.
RUTULI ANS, Caucasian tribe, xiv. 475.
Ruv DIAZ CAMPEADOR (The Cid),
Spanish hero, xxi I. 315.
RUYSBROECK, John, Flemish mystic,
xxi. 114, 46; XII. 91; xvii. 133.
RUYSCH, Frederik, Dutch anatomist,
xxi. 114; i. 812.
RUYSDAEL, Jacob, Dutch painter, xxi.
ii4, 439-
RUYSSELEDE, town, Belgium, xxi. 1 1 5.
R.UYTER, Michael Adrian de, Dutch
admiral, xxi. 115; xn. So.
Ruz, Val de, Neuchatel, Switzerland,
XVII. 361.
RYAN, Loch, Wigtown, Scotland, xxiv.
562.
RYAZAN, government, Russia, xxi. 115;
principality, xxi. 89; town, xxi. 116.
RYAZHSK, town, Russia, xxi. 116.
RYBINSK, town, Russia, xxi. 116.
RYCAUT, Sir Paul, English traveller and
diplomatist, xxi. 116.
RYDBERG, Viktor, Swedish writer, xxn.
758.
RYDE, town, Isle of Wight, England,
xxi. 117.
RYDELIUS, Anders, Swedish Cartesian
writer, XXIL 755.
RYE, grain, xxi. 117; culture of, I. 360.
— , town, England, xxi. 117; xxn.
725.
, Spurred, or ergot, VIII. 521; IX.
834-
RYECHITSA, town, Russia, xvi. 479.
RYEGRASS, Culture of, i. 371, 375, 380.
RYE HOUSE, Hertfordshire, England,
XL 772.
RYE HOUSE PLOT, England, xvi. 756.
RYEKA, town, Montenegro, xvi. 781;
river, XV I. 780.
RYESHETNIKOFF, Russian novelist, xxi.
1 08.
RYEZHITZA, town, Russia, xxi. 118;
population, xxiv. 262.
RYKOVSK, town, Saghalin, East Asia,
xxi. 147.
RYLAND, William Wynne, English
engraver, XXI. 118.
RYMER, Thomas, English historio
grapher, xxi. 1 1 8.
RYNGOLD, Lithuanian chief, xiv. 702.
RYOT, or Rayat, Indian peasant pro
prietor, xv. 289; xn. 770.
RVPE, Norwegian game bird, XVII. 581.
RYPIN, town, Poland, xix. 227.
RYSBRACK, John Michael, sculptor,
xxi. 560.
RYSBROECK (Ruysbroeck, q.v.\ John
of, Flemish mystic, xxi. 114, 46.
RYSSELBERG'S TELEPHONIC SYSTEM,
xxm. 133.
RYSWICK, Holland, Congress of (1697),
vi. 270; ix. 580; xii. 81.
RZACZYNSKI, on birds, xvni. 8.
RZHEFF, Rjev, or RzholF, town, Russia,
xxi. 119; xxni. 672.
O the nineteenth letter of the alphabet,
^> xxi. 120.
SAADI, Persian poet, xxi. 142; xvni.
659.
SAADIA, Jewish rabbi and scholar, xxi.
120.
SAALFELD, town, Germany, xxi. 122,
348.
SAARBRUCKEN, town, Prussia, xxi.
122.
SAARDAM, town, Holland, xxiv. 761.
SAARGEMUND, town, Lorraine, Ger
many, xxi. 122.
SAAVEDRA, Angel de, Spanish poet and
politician, xxi. 122; xxn. 343, 361.
— , Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish
writer, v. 347. See Cervantes.
FAXARDO, Diego de, Spanish
diplomatist and writer, XXL 122.
SAAZ, town, Bohemia, xxi. 122.
SABA, people, Arabia, xxiv. 738.
SABADILLA SEEDS, Drug from, xxiv.
163.
SAB^EAN LANGUAGE, xxi. 653; xxiv.
740.
SAB/EANS, South- Arabian people, xxiv.
738.
SABAH, or British North Borneo, xxi.
123.
SABARMATI, river, India, xx. 260.
SABAS, St, Syrian ascetic, xxi. 124.
— , St, the Goth, Christian martyr,
xxi. 124.
SABAZIUS, in Greek legend, vn. 249;
xvni. 853.
SABBAS, or Sabas, St, Syrian ascetic,
xxi. 124.
— , St, archbishop of Servia, XXL 689.
SABBATH, xxi. 124 ; Christian obser
vance of, xxn. 654.
• — , The, Grahame's poem, XL 34.
— , The AVitches', Legend of, XIII. 674.
SABBE, Hebrew sibyl, xxn. 13.
SABELLA, genus of Annelida, n. 68.
SABELLIANISM, theological doctrine,
xni. 671; xxi. 127.
S A BELLI ANS, or Oscans, Italian people,
xni. 445; xxi. 129.
SABELLIUS, early theologian, xxi. 127.
SABHA, John, Syriac writer, XXIL 835.
SABHR-ISHO, Syriac writer, xxn. 838.
RUSTAM, Syriac writer, xxn. 843.
382
S A B— SAG
SABIANS, sect mentioned in Koran, xxi.
128; name claimed by Mandseans, xv.
467; wrongly applied to star wor
shippers, xxi. 128.
SABICUWOOD, XXI. 128.
SABINA, genus of plants, xin. 774.
SABINE, river and lake, Louisiana and
Texas, U.S.A., xv. 20; xxm. 203.
, Sir Edward, English astronomer,
xxi. 128; his observations in polar
regions, xix. 319.
SABINES, ancient Italian people, xxi.
128; xm. 444; xx. 669; in Rome,
xx. 731 ; their contest with the
Umbrians, xxin. 723.
, Rape of the, vin. 619.
SABINIANS, Roman jurists, xiv. 164.
SABINIANUS, pope, xix. 494.
SABLE, carnivorous mammal, xv. 577;
skins of, ix. 838.
SABLE, town, France, xxi. 314.
SABLES D'OLONNE, town, France,
xxi. 129.
SABLIERE, Madame de la, patroness of
La Fontaine, xiv. 204.
SABLYA, mountain, Russia, xxiv. 4.
SABOTA, town, Arabia, xxiv. 740.
SABRE, weapon, xxn. Soi.
SABRINA, volcanic island, Azores, in.
170.
— ISLAND, South Polar Regions, xix.
33°-
SABSAWAR, town, Persia, xvm. 627.
SABUKTAGIN, prince, Persia, xxi.
241.
SABUTAI BAHADUR, Mongol leader,
xvi. 741.
SABZVAR, town, Afghanistan, I. 231.
SACASTANE (Sistan), province, Persia,
XXII. 100.
SACATE GRANDE, island, Honduras,
xii. 130.
SACCAS, Ammonias, founder of Alex
andrian Neoplatonism, I. 743; xvn.
335-
SACCATE, group of Actinozoa, i. 132.
SACCATOO, or Sokoto, country, Central
Africa, xxil. 248.
SACCHARINE, artificially - produced
sugar, XXIL 623.
SACCHAROMETER, Use of, in brewing,
iv. 265, 266.
SACCHAROMYCES, yeast plant, ix. 96.
SACCHAROSES, group of sugars, xxn.
624.
SACCHETTI, Franco, Italian novelist,
xxi. 130; xin. 505.
SACCHI, Andrea, Italian painter, xxi.
130.
SACCHINI, Antonio Maria Gaspare,
Italian musical composer, xxi. 130.
SACEDON, spa, Spain, xvi. 433.
SACERDOTALISM, priestly rule, xix.
724.
SACHAROF, his balloon ascents, I.
194.
SACHETS, Perfume, xvm. 527.
SACHEVERELL, Henry, English divine,
xxi. 130; vni. 353.
SACHS, Hans, German poet and drama
tist, xxi. 131; vn. 440; x. 528; xvn.
83; his house at Nuremberg, xvil.
663.
SACHSENSPIEGEL, German law code, x.
525-
SACKBUT, musical instrument, xxm.
586.
SACK MANUFACTURE, xxi. 131.
SACK-MEAD, beverage, xn. 137.
SACKVILLE, town, New Brunswick,
xvii. 375.
, Charles, sixth earl of Dorset, VII.
373-
, Thomas, first earl of Dorset, vn.
372; as dramatist, vill. 416.
SACO, town, Maine, U.S.A., xxi. 131;
river, XV. 298.
SACRAMENT, SACRAMENTS, xxi. 131;
analogy of, to the Greek Mysteries,
xvn. 125; in Greek Church, XI. 158;
decrees respecting, at council of Trent,
xxm. 546, 550; Quaker doctrine re
garding, xx. 150. See also Baptism,
Eucharist, etc.
SACRAMENTAL SACRIFICES, xxi. 137.
SACRAMENTAL WINE, xxm. 159.
SACRAMENTARY, or Missal, xvi. 508.
SACRAMENTO, town, California, U.S.A.,
xxi. 132; river, iv. 696.
SACRAMENTUM, in Roman law, xx.
682.
SACRA VIA, Rome, xx. SiS, 824.
SACRED ART, The, in alchemy, i. 461.
SACRED BEETLE, of Egypt, vi. 131.
SACRED Music, xvn. 80, 84, 88; xix.
168.
SACRED RITES, Congregation of, in
Church of Rome, XX. 630.
SACRIFICE, xxi. 132; xvm. 344; in re
lation to an oath, xvil. 699; to priest
hood, xix. 725; to totemism, xxm.
471; to vows, xxiv. 301; ancient
Mexican, xvi. 211.
SACRIFICES, Human, i. 55; xvi. 696;
in Dahomey, vi. 767; in India, in.
564; in Phoenicia, xvm. 803.
SACRILEGE, xxi. 140.
SACRISTY, in architecture, II. 472.
SACRO BOSCO, Johannes de, Scottish
astronomer, XXI. 140, 543.
SACRUM, Anatomy of the, I. 821.
SACS, American-Indian tribe, xn. 832.
SACY, Antoine Isaac, Baron Silvestrc de,
French Orientalist, xxi. 140.
-, Isaac Louis le Maltre de, Port-
Royalist, xxi. 141.
SADAICH, river, Persia, xvm. 620.
SADDLE, Horse, xn. 198.
— BAR, in architecture, II. 472.
MOUNTAIN, Massachusetts, LLS.A.,
xxm. 792.
SADDLERY, xxi. 142.
SADDUCEES, Jewish sect, xxi. 142; xin.
423; xvi. 55.
SA DE MIRANDA, Francisco de, Portu
guese poet, xxi. 142.
SADI, Persian poet, xxi. 147; xvm.
659.
SADIKIYA, Moslem college, at Tunis,
xxm. 622.
SADLER, Sir Ralph, English statesman,
xxi. 143.
SADO, island, Japan, xm. 569.
SADOLETO, Jacopo, Italian humanist,
xxi. 144.
SADOWA, Bohemia, Battle of (1866),
xiv. 138.
SAD-UD-DIN, Ottoman historian, xxm.
657.
SADYATTES, king of Lydia, xv. 100.
S^EMUND SlGFUSSON, or Samiundar,
Icelandic writer, vn. 650; xn. 624;
Edda of, vn. 650.
S.«PINUM, Samnite town, Italy, xxi.
249.
S^TABIS (Jativa), ancient town, Spain,
xm. 597.
SAFA, district, Syria, Inscriptions of,
xxi. 651.
HILL, at Mecca, Arabia, XV. 674.
SAFARIK, Paul Joseph, Hungarian
writer, XXI. 386, 108; on the Slavs,
xxn. 145.
SAFAWI DYNASTY, Persia, xvni. 634;
XXIL 664.
SAFE-CONDUCT, passport, xvm. 344.
SAFES, xxi. 144; safe locks, xiv. 749.
SAFETY-LAMPS, vi. 72; xvi. 461; Sir
Humphry Davy's, vi. 847.
SAFFAH, Abdallah, founder of Abbasid
dynasty, XVI. 574, 578.
•-, A1-, caliph, xvi. 577.
SAFFARIDS, Moslem dynasty, xvi. 586.
SAFFI, town, Morocco, xxi. 145; xvi.
831.
SAFFLOWER, plant, xxi. 145; xxm.
307; oil from, xvm. 744, 746.
SAFFRON, dye and drug, xxi. 145 ; as
incense, xn. 718.
— , Meadow, plant, vi. 124.
WALDEN, town, England, xxi. 146.
SAFID RUD, river, Persia, xvni. 620.
SAGA, in Scandinavian mythology, I.
21 1 ; in Scandinavian literature, xn.
623; xxn. 201.
SAGAING, town, Burmah, in. 143.
SAGAIS, Tartar people, Siberia, xxin.
70.
SAGAN, town, Prussia, XXI. 146; princi
pality, xxi. 146.
SAGAR, district, India, xxi. 146; town,
xxi. 147.
SAGARD, town, Riigen, Prussia, xxi. 57.
SAGAS OF NORWEGIAN KINGS, Snorro
Sturluson's work, xxn. 201.
SAGE, Stoic doctrine of the, xxn. 570.
— , culinary herb, xn. 251, 264, 289.
— BRUSH, tree, Rocky Mountains,
LT.S.A., xxin. 8 10.
SAGGING, of a ship, xxi. Si 8.
SAGHALIN, island, East Asia, xxi. 147.
S A G — S A I
383
SAGINAW, town, Michigan, U.S.A., xxi.
148.
SAGITTA, marine worm, xxi. 148.
SAGIUM (Sees), ancient town, France,
xxi. 621.
SAGLASSUS, town, Asia Minor, xix.
130.
SAGO, a food -starch, xxi. 148.
- PALM, tree, xviii. 190.
SAGUENAY, river, Canada, xx. 165;
xxi. 181.
SAGUNTO, town, Spain, xxi. 149.
SAGUNTUM, ancient town, Spain, xxi.
149; siege of (218 B.C.), xi. 441.
SAGUS, genus of palms, xviii. 190.
SAHARA, region, Central Africa, xxi.
149; I. 249, 268, 563; xvn. 628;
artesian wells in, II. 646; oases of,
xvii. 695.
SAHARANPUR, district, India, xxi. 151;
town, xxi. 1 52.
SAHDONA, Syriac writer, xxn. 842.
SAHI, ancient Syria, xxn. 822.
SAHIDIC, Egyptian dialect, vi. 355.
SAHIH, book of Moslem traditions, xvi.
594-
SAHLITE, mineral, xvi. 416.
SAHS, Indian dynasty, xn. 790.
SAI, river, India/xx. 222.
SAIDA, or Sidon (q.r.), town, Syria,
xxn. 35.
SAID BAR SABUNI, Syriac writer, xxn.
849-
SAID MUHAMMAD ALT, founder of the
Babis, xviii. 650.
SAIDSCHUTZ, spa, Bohemia, xvi. 436.
SAIF IBN OMAR, Arab historian, xxm.
3-
SAIGA, antelope, n. 102; xv. 432.
SAIGON, town, Cochin China, xxi. 152;
vi. 96.
SAIKIO (Kioto), town, Japan, xiv. 92.
SAIL, SAILS, xxi. 153, 822; setting and
reefing of, xxi. 599.
SAILCLOTH, xxi. 154.
SAILING SHIPS, xxi. 822.
SAILMAKING, xxi. 154.
SAILORS, Laws affecting, xxi. 605.
SAILORS' KNOTS, xiv. 128.
SAILUGHEM, mountains, Siberia, xxn.
3; xxm. 437.
SAIMIRI, squirrel monkey, n. 154.
SAINFOIN, plant, xxi. 155; culture of,
i- 377-
SAINT, xxi. 155. See also Saints.
— , Thomas, inventor of a sewing
machine, xxi. 718.
ST AGNES, one of the Stilly Isles,
England, xxi. 465.
— , Basilica of, at Rome, in. 417.
— , Cemetery of, at Rome, v. 208.
ST ALBAN, Viscount (Francis Bacon,
q.v.), in. 200.
ST ALBANS, town, England, xxi. 155.
— , town, Vermont, U.S.A., xxi. 1 56.
ST ALDEGONDE, F. van Marnix, lord
of, Dutch Reformer, xn. 92.
ST AMAND, Odo de, master of Knights
Templars, xxm. 161.
ST AMAND-LES-EAUX, town, France,
xxi. 156; xvii. 535.
SAINT-AMANT, Fournie de, French
chess-player, v. 601.
— , M. A. Gerard, Sieur de, French
bacchanalian poet, xxi. 1 56.
ST ANDREWS, town, New Brunswick,
xvn. 375.
, town, Scotland, XXI. 157; bishopric,
XXI. 477; library, XIV. 523, 542; uni
versity, xxin. 843, 854; first arch
bishop of, n. 370.
ST ANGELO, castle, Rome, xx. 831.
, Monte, Italy, xm. 439.
ST ANTHONY'S FIRE, or Erysipelas,
disease, vm. 531.
ST ARNAUD, Arnaud Jacques Leroy de,
French general, I. 569.
ST ASAPH, town, Wales, xxi. 158; ix.
327-
ST AUGUSTINE, town, Florida, U.S.A.,
xxi. 158.
ST BARNABAS, station, Norfolk Island,
xvn. 537.
ST BARTHOLOMEW, or St Barthelemy,
island, West Indies, XXI. 159; IX. 526.
ST BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY, Massacre of,
in France, IX. 561; v. 412.
ST BARTHOLOMEW'S TEA, or Mate, xv.
627; iv. 227.
ST BAUME, mountain, Var, France, xxiv.
68.
ST BEL (Vial), French veterinarian,
xxiv. 198.
ST BERNARD, dog, vn. 327.
— , Great, Hospice on the, Switzerland,
xxiv. 31.
ST BONIFACE, town, Manitoba, Canada,
xxiv. 613.
ST BRANDON, Isle of, imaginary island,
iv. 241.
ST BRICE, Massacre of (1002), England,
vm. 287.
ST BRIEUC, town, France, xxi. 159.
ST BROCARDUS, Convent of, on Mount
Carmel, Palestine, v. 116.
ST CALAIS, town, France, xxi. 314.
ST CALLISTUS, Cemetery of, at Rome,
v. 210.
ST CATHERINES, town, Ontario, Canada,
xxi. 159; mineral water of, xvi. 436.
ST CATHERINE'S COLLEGE, Cambridge,
iv. 731.
ST CECILIA, Church of, at Rome, v. 284.
ST CHAM AS, France, Bridges at, IV. 329.
ST CHAMOND, town, France, xxi. 159.
ST CHARLES, town, Missouri, U.S.A.,
xxi. 159.
ST CHRISTAN, spa, France, xx. 127.
ST CHRISTOPHER, island, West Indies,
xxi. 159; buccaneers of, iv. 408.
ST CLAIR, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
xxi. 1 60.
— , Lake, North America, xxi. 179,
ST CLEMENT, Rome, Basilica of, in.
417.
ST CLOUD, town, France, xxi. 160;
porcelain works at, xix. 636.
ST COLUMB, England, ancient remains
at, xxi. 51.
ST CROIX, island, West Indies, xxi.
1 60.
— , river, New Brunswick, xvii. 373.
ST CYPRIEN, suburb of Toulouse,
France, XXIII. 484.
SAINT CYR, Gouvion, French marshal,
XL 8.
ST CYR-L'ECOLE, village, France, xxi.
1 60; institution for poor girls at, xv.
3°5-
ST DAVID'S, town, Wales, xxi. 160;
cathedral, xviii. 483.
- COLLEGE, Wales, xxin. 856.
ST DENIS, town, France, xxi. 161.
, town, Reunion, Indian Ocean, XX.
493-
ST DIE, town, France, xxi. 161.
SAINTE-BEUVE, Charles Augustin,
French critic, XXL 162; IX. 680.
SAINTE CHAPELLE, at Paris, xviii.
288.
SAINTE-CLAIRE DEVILLE, Etienne Hen
ri, French chemist, xxi. 165.
SAINTE CROIX, island, West Indies,
xxi. 1 60.
STE GENEVIEVE, Hill of, at Paris,
xviii. 274.
ST ELIAS, mountain, Greece, xi. 81.
— , Mount, Alaska, U.S.A., I. 444.
ST ELMO, castle, Naples, xvn. 188.
— , Fort, Malta, xv. 340.
ST ELMO'S FIRE, xiv. 633.
STE MARIE-AUX-MINES (Markirch),
town, Alsace, Germany, XV. 552.
SAINT EMILION, town, France, xiv.
509.
SAINTES, town, France, xxi. 167; bridge
at, iv. 331.
ST ETIENNE, town, France, xxi. 167.
ST EUSTATIUS, or St Eustache, island,
West Indies, xxi. 168.
SAINT-EVREMOND, Seigneur de, French
writer and courtier, xxi. 168; his
relations with Ninon de Lenclos, xiv.
445-
ST EVROUL EN OUCHE, France, Abbey
of, xvn. 821.
ST FRANCOIS, town, Canada, xx. 167.
ST GALL, canton, Switzerland, xxi.
1 68; town, xxi. 169; xxn. 784;
monastery, I. 12.
ST GALMIER, spa, France, xvi. 436.
ST GEORGE, island, Azores, in. 172.
, town, New Brunswick, xvn. 375.
BAY, Newfoundland and Nova
Scotia, xvii. 382, 601.
ST GEORGE'S, town, Bermudas, in. 599.
, town, Grenada, West Indies, XL
184.
CHAPEL, Windsor, England, xxiv.
601.
384
S A I — S A I
ST GEORGE'S DAY, n. 214.
SAINT-GEORGES D' OLERON, town,
France, xvn. 761.
SAINT-GERMAIN, Comte de, adventurer.
xxi. 169.
ST GERMAIN-EN-LAYE, town, France,
xxi. 170; peace of (1570), IX. 561.
ST GERVAIS, spa, France, xxi. 332.
ST GOTTHARD TUNNEL, Switzerland,
xxni. 624.
ST HELENA, island, South Atlantic,
XXI. 170; I. 272; birds of, ill. 759;
observatory, xvn. 716; Napoleon at,
xvn. 225.
ST HELEN'S, town, England, xxi. 171.
ST HELIER, town, Jersey, xin. 635.
ST HENRI, town, Canada, xx. 167.
SAINT-HI LAI RE, Auguste de, French
botanist and traveller, XXI. 171.
, Bourjot, on birds, xvin. 11.
, Etienne Geoffrey, X. 173; on
tomy and morphology, xvi. 839; on
fishes and birds, xvin. 18.
, Isidore Geoffrey, X. 174; on birds,
xvin. 24.
ST HILDA'S ABBEV, at Whitby, Eng
land, iv. 630.
ST HYACINTHE, town, Canada, xx. 167.
ST IVES, town, England, xxi. 172; pil
chard fishery of, IX. 254.
ST JACOB, Switzerland, Battle of (1444),
ix. 551.
ST JAGO, island, Cape Verd group, v.
52.
DE CUBA, town, Cuba, xxi. 300.
ST JAMES OF COMPOSTELLA, Order of,
xxii. 316.
ST JAMES'S PALACE, London, xiv. 838.
ST JAMES'S PARK, London, xiv. 824.
ST JEAN BAPTISTE, suburb of Montreal,
Canada, xxi. 172; xx. 167.
ST JEAN D'ACRE, town, Syria, I. 120.
See Acre.
ST JEAN D'ANGELY, town, France, xxi.
172.
ST JEAN-DE-MAURIENNE, town, France,
xxi. 332.
ST JOHANN-SAARBRUCKEN,towTi, Prus
sia, XXI. 122.
ST JOHN, river, Maine, U.S.A., and New
Brunswick, xv. 298; xvn. 373.
— , town, New Brunswick, xxi. 172;
xvii. 375.
— , Bayle, English traveller and writer,
XXI. 173.
— , Charles William George, English
sportsman and naturalist, xxi. 173.
— , Henry (Viscount Bolingbroke,
q.v.), English statesman, IV. 4.
-, James Augustus, English traveller
and author, xxi. 173.
-, Lake, Canada, xx. 165.
— OF JERUSALEM, Knights of, xxi.
173; at Malta, xv. 343; settlement of,
in Rhodes, xx. 525.
ST JOHN'S, town, Canada, xx. 167.
— , town, Newfoundland, xxi. 175.
ST JOHN'S, town, Antigua, West Indies,
II. 128.
— , town, Port Rico, West Indies, xix.
532-
ST JOHNSBURY, town, Vermont, U.S.A.,
xxi. 176.
ST JOHN'S CHRISTIANS, ancient Orien
tal sect, xv. 467.
ST JOHN'S COLLEGE, Cambridge, iv.
73o.
ST JOHN'S COLLEGE, Oxford, xvin.
97-
ST JOSEPH, town, Missouri, U.S.A., xxi.
176.
ST JULIEN, town, France, xxi. 333.
ST JUNIEN, town, France, xxiv. 223.
SAINT- JUST, Antoine, French Revolu
tionist, xxi. 176.
ST KlLDA, islet, Outer Hebrides, Scot
land, XXI. 177.
, town, Victoria, Australia, xxi. 177.
ST Kin's, island, West Indies, xxi.
159.
SAINT-LAMBERT, Jean Francois de,
French poet, xxi. 177.
ST LAWRENCE, river, North America,
xxi. 177; iv. 769; xx. 165.
ST LEGER, horse-race at Doncaster,
England, vn. 361; XII. 201.
, Sir Anthony, viceroy in Ireland,
XIII. 263.
ST LEONARD, town, France, xxiv. 223.
ST LEONARDS, town, England, xxi.
182.
— , Lord, lord chancellor of England,
xxi. 182.
ST LEONARD'S COLLEGE, St Andrews,
Scotland, xxi. 158.
ST Lo, town, France, xxi. 182.
ST LOUIS, town, Missouri, U.S.A., xxi.
183; bridge at, IV. 339.
, town, Senegambia, West Africa,
xxi. 182, 660; I. 269.
— , spa, Michigan, U.S.A., XVI. 436.
-, Lake, Montreal, xvi. 794.
ST LUCIA, island, West Indies, xxi. 186.
ST MALO, town, France, xxi. 186.
ST MARC.AL DE SENA, town, Mozam
bique, xvn. 7.
ST MARGUERITE, island, France, iv.
807.
ST MARIE, island, Madagascar, xv. 168,
174.
ST MARK'S CHURCH, Venice, xxiv. 150.
ST MARK'S EVE, n. 214.
SAINT MARS, M. de, governor of the
Bastille, Paris, xin. 360.
ST MARTIN, island, West Indies, xxi.
1 86.
— , town, France, xx. 302.
— , Louis Claude de, French mystic,
xxi. 186.
ST MARTIN'S, one of the Scilly Isles,
England, xxi. 465.
ST MARY, island, Azores, in. 171.
ST MARY'S, one of the Scilly Isles,
and, xxi. 465.
ST MARY'S, river, North America, xxi.
178.
— ABBEY, at York, England, I. 14.
- BAY, Newfoundland, xvn. 382.
COLLEGE, St Andrews, Scotland,
xxi. 158.
- ISLAND, West Africa, x. 59.
— LOCH, Scotland, xxi. 638.
ST MARY WINTON, College of (New
College), Oxford, xvm. 97.
ST MAURICE, mountain, Vosges, France,
xxiv. 298.
, town, Valais, Switzerland, xxiv.
— , river, Canada, XX. 165.
ST MAUR-SUR-LOIRE, town, France,
xxi. 187.
ST MICHAEL AND ST GEORGE, Order
of, xiv. 124.
ST MICHAEL'S, island, Azores, in. 171.
— MOUNT, castle, Cornwall, England,
vn. 427, 428.
ST MICHEL, town, Finland, ix. 217;
xxiv. 209.
— , Mont, islet, France, xvi. 796.
ST MORITZ, spa, Switzerland, vin. 214;
xvi. 434.
ST NAZAIRE, town, Loire Tnferieure,
France, xxi. 187.
— , town, Var, France, xxiv. 69.
— , lagoon, Pyrenees Orientales,
France, xx. 128.
ST NECTAIRE, spa, France, xx. 120.
ST NICOLAS, town, Belgium, xxi. 187.
• VARANGEVILLE, town, France,
xvi. 205.
ST OMER, town, France, xxi. 187;
xvin. 340.
SAINTONGE, old province, France, xxi.
188.
ST OSWIN, priory, England, xxin. 675.
ST OUEN, suburb of Paris, xxi. 188.
ST PANCRAS, district of London, xiv.
822.
- RAILWAY STATION, London, xx.
236.
ST PATRICK, Order of, xiv. 124.
ST PAUL, island, Indian Ocean, xxi.
189.
— , town, Minnesota, U.S.A., xxi. 188.
— , Basilica of, Rome, in. 416.
DE LOAN DA, town, West Africa,
xiv. 742.
ST PAUL'S CATHEDRAL, London, n.
443; xiv. 837, 843; xxiv. 689.
ST PAUL'S ROCKS, islands in the
Atlantic, xxi. 189.
ST PAUL'S SCHOOL, London, xiv. 835.
ST PETER, Lake, on St Lawrence,
Canada, xxi. 181.
— PORT, town, Guernsey, XXI. 190;
XL 247.
ST PETER'S, Basilica of, Rome, 11. 438;
111.415.
ST PETERSBURG, government, Russia,
xxi. 190.
— , capital of Russia, xxi. 190;
S A I — S A L
385
founding of, xxi. 97; academy of
sciences, I. 72; libraries, XIV. 533,
549; newspapers, XVII. 430; observa
tory, xvii. 714; picture gallery, xxi.
446; university, xxm. 852.
ST PETER'S COLLEGE, Cambridge, iv.
73°-
ST PIERRE, island, Newfoundland, xxi.
196; xvn. 382.
, town, Martinique, West Indies,
xv. 586.
, town, Reunion, Indian Ocean, XX.
493-
, Charles Irene'e Castel, Abbe de,
French social writer, XXI. 195.
, Jacques Henri Bernardin de,
French writer, xxi. 195; IX. 666, 668.
— D'OLERON, town, France, xvn. 761.
LE MOUTIER, town, France, xvii.
496.
ST PlERRE-LES-CALAIS, town, France,
xxi. 196; xvin. 339.
ST POL, town, France, xvin. 340.
DE LEON, town, France, xxi. 196.
ST QUENTIN, town, France, xxi. 196;
battle of (1557), ix. 559.
ST RAPHAEL, village, France, IX. 767;
xxiv. 69.
ST RIQUIER, France, Monastic library
at, xiv. 514.
SAINTS, xxi. 155; pilgrimages to shrines
of, xix. 94; St Paul's use of the term,
xvin. 427.
ST SALVATOR'S COLLEGE, St Andrews,
Scotland, xxi. 158.
ST SAUVEUR, spa, France, xx. 127.
ST SEBASTIAN OF MOZAMBIQUE, town,
East Africa, xvii. 7.
ST SERVAN, town, France, xxi. 197.
SAINT-SIMON, Claude Henri, Comte de,
French socialist, xxi. 197; vm. 211;
IX. 668; his relation to socialism,
XXII. 207; his influence on Comte, vi.
229.
, Louis de Rouvray, Due de, French
courtier and writer, XXI. 198; IX. 668.
ST SOPHIA, Mosque of, at Constan
tinople, vi. 305.
ST STEPHEN, town, New Brunswick,
xvii. 375.
ST THIAJO MAJOR, town, Mozambique,
xvii. 7.
ST THOMAS, island, Gulf of Guinea,
West Africa, xxi. 200.
, island, West Indies, XXI. 200.
, town, Quebec, Canada, xx. 167.
ST UBES (Setubal), town, Portugal, xxi.
697.
ST VEIT, town, Austria, xiv. 106.
ST VENANT, on flexure, vn. 809.
ST VICTOR, Hugo of, medieval theo
logian, xxi. 425.
, Niepce de, his contributions to
photography, XVIII. 824.
, Paul de, French writer, XXI. 201.
, Richard of, scholastic philosopher,
xx. 543; xvn. 132; xxi. 425.
ST VINCENT, island, West Indies, xxi.
201.
, Cape, Portugal, Battle of (1797),
vm. 362; xvii. 322; xxi. 201.
, Earl, English admiral, xxi. 201.
, Gulf of, South Australia, xxu.
283.
ST VINCENT'S, one of the Cape Verd
Islands, V. 52.
ST VITUS'S DANCE, disease, xxi. 201;
xvm. 391; xxm. 60.
ST WINIFRED'S WELL, Wales, xn.
1 06.
ST YRIEIX, town, France, xxiv. 223.
SAIS, ancient town, Egypt, vn. 768.
SAIVISM, corrupt form of Buddhism,
xiv. 228.
SAJUR, affluent of Euphrates, vm.
669.
SAKA, tree, xxm. 103.
SAKALAVA, race of people, Madagascar,
xv. 171, 174.
SAKARIA, river, Asia Minor, n. 707.
SAKATU, town, Houssa, Central Africa,
I. 271.
SAKCINSKI, Ivan K., Servian historian,
xxi. 691.
SAKE', Japanese drink, xm. 574; xx.
539-
SAKEI, race of people, Malacca, Asia,
xv. 323,
SAKER, bird, ix. 3.
SAKHALIN, island, East Asia, xxi. 147.
SAKI ADASI (Scio), island, Asiatic
Turkey, xxi. 465.
SAKIS, group of apes, II. 154.
SAKKARAH, Egypt, Mummies of, xvii.
21 ; pyramids of, vn. 772; XX. 122,
124; tomb of Tih at, xvii. 34.
SAKSAUL, plant, xxm. 511.
SAKTAS, class of Hindu worshippers,
xxi. 283.
SAKY, Crimea, Russia, Mud baths at, vi.
585.
SAKYA, monastery, Tibet, xxni. 340,
346.
MUNI, the Buddha, in. 375; iv.
209.
SAL, one of Cape Verd Islands, v. 52.
, tree, n. 693; ix. 405; xvin. 71.
SALA (Sallee), town, Mauretania, Africa,
xv. 637.
SAL ACETOSELL^E, or Salt of Sorrel,
xvin. 91.
SALADE, headpiece, xi. 637.
SALADIN, Moslem general and sultan
of Egypt, xvi. 588; vii. 753; his con
quest of Jerusalem, VI. 628; his rela
tions with the Templars, XXIII. 161;
Life of, by Bohaddin, ill. 860.
SALADO, Spain, Battle of (1340), xxn.
3i9> 323-
SALAIRSK, town, Siberia, xxm. 439.
SALAMANCA, province, Spain, xxi. 203.
, town, Spain, XXL 203; cathedral,
n. 433; university, xxm. 839, 851;
battle of (1812), xxiv. 496.
SALAMANDER, fabulous animal, xxi.
205.
SALAMANDRA, amphibian, xxi. 204; i.
760; epithelium of, xix. 833.
SALAMIS, island, Greece, xxi. 205; in.
59; battle of (480 B.C.), XI. 100;
xvm. 572; xxi. 205; xxm. 251.
SALAMIYA, ruins of Nineveh, xvn.
512.
SAL AMMONIAC, chemical salt, i. 741;
xvn. 517.
SALAMOURI, Caucasian musical instru
ment, xvn. 705.
SALANGA, island, Malay Peninsula, xv.
321.
SALANX, genus of fishes, xxi. 221,
224.
SALARIA, Via, Roman road, Italy, xx.
552.
SALARO, Italy, Bridge at, iv. 330.
SALAS BARBADILLO, Alonso G. de,
Spanish novelist, xxn. 358.
SALASSI, Ligurian tribe, Italy, xiv.
639-
SALATIGA, town, Java, xm. 606.
SALAVERRY, town, Peru, xvm. 674.
-, Felipe Santiago, ruler in Peru,
xvm. 678.
SALAWATTI, Papuan kingship, New
Guinea, xvn. 389.
SALDAMANDO, Enrique Torres, Peruvian
historian, xvm. 675.
SALDANHA, Count of, Portuguese states
man, xix. 553; xxi. 205.
SALDE, town, Senegal, Africa, xxi. 660.
SALE, in law, xxi. 205; contracts of, in
Roman law, xx. 700; implied war
ranty in contracts of, xxiv. 373; in
relation to payment, xvin. 440.
, town, England, xxi. 205.
, Antoine de la, French romancist
xx. 658.
-, George, translator of the Koran,
xvi. 606.
SALEIYER, island, Indian Archipelago,
xxi. 210.
SALEM, of Scripture, xm. 636.
, district and town, India, xxi.
210.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., xxi.
210; witchcraft trials at, xxiv. 622.
, town, New Jersey, U.S.A., xxi.
211.
, town, Oregon, U.S.A., XXI. 211;
XVII. 825.
SALE OF LIVES, Lucian's dialogue, xv.
45-
SALEP, drug, xxi. 211.
SALERNE, Fran§ois, on birds, xvm. 6.
SALERNO, town, Italy, xxi. 211; medical
school of, xv. 806; xxn. 675; uni
versity, XXIII. 832.
, Giuseppe Ricca, Italian economist,
xix. 395.
SALES, Fran§ois de, French mystic, IX.
695; xvn. 134.
SALFORD, town, England, xv. 459.
XXV. — 49
38G
S A L — S A L
SALIAN FRANKS, ix. 723; x. 476; xxi.
212.
SALIAN LAW, of the Franks, ix. 529.
SALIANY, toAvn, Transcaucasia, Russia,
xxin. 515.
SALICETO, William of, Italian surgeon,
xxn. 675.
SALICETTI, Christophe, Corsican poli
tician, xvii. 193.
SALICIN, drug, xxi. 212.
SALIC LAW, xxi. 212; x. 476; first ap
plication of, in France, vill. 318; IX.
529, 545-
SALICYLATE OF SODIUM, xxi. 217.
SALICYLIC ACID, drug, xxi. 217.
SALIERI, Antonio, Italian dramatic com
poser, xxi. 218.
SALIGNAC, Frangoisde (Fenelon), French
writer, IX. 72, 662; xix. 359.
SALII, priests of Mars, Rome, XV. 570.
SALIM, or Selim, I., Turkish sultan, his
war with Persia, XVIII. 635; xxni.
642, 656.
II., Turkish sultan, xxm. 621,
644.
III., Turkish sultan, xxm. 648.
SALINA, one of Lipari Islands, xiv.
683.
SALINE MINERAL SPRINGS, xvi. 434.
SALINITY, of water, xxiv. 399; of
Atlantic, xxi. 613; of Baltic, ill. 297;
of Dead Sea, vn. 2; of Mediterranean,
XV. 820; of Pacific, xxi. 614; of Red
Sea, xx. 317.
SALINOMETER, hydrometer for brine,
xii. 542.
SALTNS-MOUTIERS, spa, France, xvi.
434; xxi. 332.
SALIPARAN (Lombok), island, Indian
Archipelago, xiv. 816.
SALISBURY, town, England, xxi. 218;
newspapers, xvn. 421.
, Margaret, countess of, Vill. 335;
xxiv. 753.
-, Earl of (Robert Cecil), v. 282.
, John of, scholastic philosopher,
xill. 718; xxi. 425.
PLAIN, Wilts, England, xxiv. 594;
Stonehenge stone circle on, xxn.
576.
SALIS-SEEWIS, Johann Gaudenz, Swiss
poet, xxn. 798.
SALIVA, Function of, xvn. 671, 674;
salivary glands, xvn. 668; VII. 222;
of mammals, XV. 361.
SALIVAHANA, Era of, v. 719.
SALIX, genus of plants, xxiv. 588.
SALLEE, town, Morocco, xvi. 831; xx.
192.
SALLO, Denis de, founder of French
Journal des Savants, xvm. 539.
SALLUST (Caius Sallustius Crispus),
Roman historian, xxi. 219; xx. 720;
on the Jugurthine War, xill. 767; his
language and style, xiv. 334.
SALLUSTE DU BARTAS, Guillaume de,
French poet, ill. 401.
SALMAGUNDI PAPERS, Paulding's,
xvm. 432.
SALMASIUS, Claudius, French scholar,
xxi. 219; Milton's answer to, xvi.
332.
SALMIAC, mineral, xvi. 384.
SALMON, fish, xxi. 220, 224; xii. 693;
xvm. 320; culture, xix. 128; xxi.
226; disease, xvm. 266; xxi. 226;
angling for, II. 39 ; Newfoundland
fisheries, xvi I. 384; Tyne fisheries,
xvii. 568; laws relating to fisheries,
xxi. 225.
SALMONID^E, family of fishes, xxi.
221.
SALOME, daughter of Herodias, xxi.
227; xi. 755.
-, widow of Alexander Jannoms,
queen of Judaea, XXL 227; xill.
424.
SALOMON BEN GEBIROL (Avicebron,
q.v.\ Jewish philosopher, in. 152.
SALONA (Spalato), ancient town,
Dalmatia, xxn. 366.
SALONICA, or Saloniki, town, European
Turkey, xxi. 227.
SALONIKI, province, Turkey in Europe,
xxni. 653; town, xxi. 227.
SALOP, or Shropshire, county, England,
xxi. 847.
, name of Shrewsbury, town, Eng
land, xxi. 845.
SALORS, Iranian people, Asia, xvi. 43;
xxni. 661.
SALPA, genus of Tunicata, xxni. 609,
616.
SALPINX, Greek trumpet, xxni. 592.
SALSAFY, vegetable, xn. 287.
SALSETTE, island, Bombay, India, xxi.
228.
SALT, Common, xxi. 228; xvi. 384;
deposits or mines, in Austria, ill. 120;
in Bavaria, in. 584; on Caspian Sea, v.
178; in India, XII. 764; duties on, in
Bengal, ill. 569; manufacture of, in
India, in. 272; as manure, I. 353; xv.
512 ; working of mines, xvi. 454;
pans, xvm. 621; xxi. 233 ; produc
tion of, in England, vin. 229; produc
tion, in Prussia, XX. 15; production,
in United States, xxni. 817; obtained
from sal-ammoniac, xvn. 517; springs,
XVI. 434; in sea water, xxi. -613;
works, v. 590; xvi. 239; use of, in
religious rites, XXI. 134; mystic sym
bolism of, XXI. 234.
, Sir Titus, his manufactures of
alpaca wool, I. 598.
SALTA, town, Argentine Republic, xxi.
234-
SALTASH BRIDGE, Cornwall, England,
iv. 339-
SALT-CAKE MAKING, xxn. 242.
SALTCOATS, town, Scotland, xxi.
235-
SALTENSTROM, tidal current, Norway,
xxiv. 542.
SALTIKOFF, Russian general, xxi. 99.
, I. (Stchedrin), Russian novelist,
xxi. 108.
SALTILLO, town, Mexico, xxi. 235; xvi.
214.
SALTIRE, in heraldry, XL 696.
SALT LAKE, Great, Utah, U.S.A., xxiv.
19.
SALT LAKE CITY, Utah, U.S.A., xxi.
235; xvi. 827.
SALTO, town, Uruguay, xxiv. 15.
SALT OF SORREL, xvm. 91.
SALT-PANS, xvm. 621; xxi. 233.
SALTPETRE, mineral, xxi. 235 ; xvi.
396; xvn. 518; as an ingredient of
gunpowder, XI. 319, 323; Indian, XII.
765.
SALTS, in chemistry, v. 486; hydrometer
for, xn. 538; magnetism of, xv. 264;
in water, XXIV. 399; in ocean water,
xxi. 611; ethereal, v. 572; of iron,
used in photographic printing, xvm.
832; manganic, xv. 480; polyxene,
xix. 192.
SALT SPRINGS, xvi. 434.
SALT SULPHUR SPRINGS, West Vir
ginia, U.S.A., xvi. 436.
SALT SWAMPS, of Persia, xvm. 621.
SALUCES (Saluzzo), town, Italy, xxi.
237-
SALUR, town, India, xxiv. 267.
SALUS, Roman goddess, xxi. 235.
SALUTARIS, Phrygian province, xvm.
852.
SALUTATI, Caluccio, Florentine secre
tary, xx. 802.
SALUTATIONS, or Greetings, xxi. 235.
SALUZZO, town, Italy, xxi. 237.
SALVADOR, republic, Central America,
XXI. 268.
, St, island, Bahamas, in. 237.
SALVADORI, Count, on the fauna of
New Guinea, xvn. 387.
SALVAGE, in law, xxi. 237; of a ship,
xxiv. 687.
SALVATION, Christian way of, v. 688;
in Pauline theology, XVI n. 425 ;
Irenams on, Xill. 274; Buddhist way
of, IV. 428.
SALVELINUS, subgenus of fishes, xxi.
223.
SALVIA, genus of plants, xn. 252, 264.
SALVIAN, mediaeval moralist, xxi.
238.
of Marseilles, writer on the Goths,
X. 852.
SALVIANI, Ippolito, Italian ichthyolo
gist, XII. 631.
SALVIANUS, Spanish Priscillianist, xix.
746.
SALVIN, Osbert, on birds, xvni. 12, 13,
41.
SALVINIE^E, group of plants, ix. 106.
SALWIN, river, Burmah, iv. 551; xxi.
239-
- HILL TRACTS, district, Burma.'.,
xxi. 239.
g A L — S A N
387
SALVES, Ligurian tribe, Italy, xiv.
639-
SALZA, Hermann von, Teutonic Knight,
xxi. 239; xxin. 201.
SALZACH, river, Austria, xxi. 239.
SALZBRUNN, spa, Germany, xxi. 239.
SALZBURG, town, Austria, xxi. 239;
university of, xxi 1 1. 851.
SALZGARTEN, at Capo d'Istria, Austria,
xxi. 229.
SALZKAMMERGUT, district, Austria,
xxi. 241.
SALZMANN, Christian Gotthilf, German
educationist, vn. 676.
SALZUNGEN, town, Germany, xxi. 348;
mineral water of, xvi. 434.
SALZWEDEL, town, Prussia, xxi. 241.
SAMADEN, town, Switzerland, vm. 213.
SAMANI, Persian historian, xxi. 736.
SAMANID DYNASTY, of Persia, xxi.
241; xxii. 101.
SAMAR, island, Philippines, xvm. 752.
SAMARA, government, Eussia, xxi. 242;
town, xxi. 243.
SAMARANG, town, Java, xm. 606.
SAMARCAND, town, Central Asia, xxi.
246; xvii. 709; xxiv. 782.
SAMARIA, capital of Northern Israel,
xxi. 243.
, division of Palestine, XVIII. 176:
kingdom of, xni. 406, 412; tributary
to Assyria, in. 187; coins of, xvii.
650.
SAMARITAN LANGUAGE, xxi. 648 ;
dictionaries of, vn. 189.
SAMARITAN PENTATEUCH, xxi. 244;
v. 4; Morin's edition, xvi. 825.
SAMARITANS, religious community, xxi.
244; xm. 419.
SAMARIUM, Spectrum of, xxii. 376.
SAMARKAND, town, Central Asia, xxi.
246; observatory at, xvii. 709; rail
way connexion, xxiv. 782.
SAMARSKITE, mineral, xiv. 292; xvi.
427.
SAMARSKO-NIKOLAEVSKII, monastery,
Russia, xvii. 609.
SAMARTCHIK, Cossack settlement,
Russia, xvii. 609.
SAMA-VEDA, Brahmanical book, xxi.
277.
SAMAWA (Sumbawa), island, Indian
Archipelago, xxii. 641.
SAMAYE, convent, Tibet, xiv. 501.
SAMBALPUR, district, India, xxi. 247.
SAMBAS, district, Borneo, iv. 59.
SAMBAWA (Sumbawa), island, Indian
Archipelago, xx 1 1. 641.
SAMBHAR, India, Salt lake at, xm.
703-
SAMBUCUS, genus of trees, vn. 828.
SAMELATS, or Lapps, Northern Europe,
xiv. 305.
SAMEN, mountains, Abyssinia, I. 62.
SAMH, Arabian grain, n. 236.
SAMHITAS, collections of Sanskrit texts,
xxi. 273.
S AMI AN WARE, pottery, xix. 617.
SAMIRI, the Wandering Jew, xm. 674.
SAMITE, variety of textile, xxin. 210.
SAMNITES, ancient Italian people, xxi.
248, 128; xm. 445; xx. 741, 744; as
allies of the Umbrians, xxni. 724.
SAMNIUM, ancient district, Italy, xxi.
248; coins of, xvn. 637.
SAMOA, group of islands, South Pacific,
xvii. 279 ; taboo system in, XXIII.
16; totemism in, xxin. 468.
SAMOGHITIANS, tribes, Lithuania, xiv.
702.
SAMONIAN PLAIN, of the Troad, xxin.
578.
SAMOS, island, ^Egean Sea, xxi. 249;
xxin. 653; coins of, xvn. 647; water
works, n. 219.
SAMOSATA, capital of Commagene, Syria,
XXII. 822; coins of, XVII. 649.
, Paul of, bishop of Antioch, xvm.
429.
SAMOTHRACE, island, JEgean Sea, xxi.
250.
SAMOTHRACIAN MYSTERIES, The, iv.
621.
SAMOYEDES, people, Russia, xxi. 251;
xvm. 61; xix. 329; xx. ir.
SAMOYEDIC LANGUAGE, xxiv. i.
SAMPANG, department and town, Mad
ura, Indian Archipelago, XV. 194.
SAMPIERDARENA, suburb of Genoa,
Italy, xxi. 251; x. 157.
SAMSAMS, people, Malacca, Asia, xv.
323-
SAM-SHEE, Chinese drink, iv. 264.
SAM SLICK, Haliburton's humorous
sketches, XL 383.
SAMSON, of Scripture, xxi. 252.
— AGONISTES, Milton's drama, xvi.
339-
SAMSUN (Amisus), town, Turkey in
Asia, xix. 459.
SAMUEL, judge of Israel, xxi. 252; xm.
402; xix. 814.
, Bulgarian chief, xi. 115.
, Books of, xxi. 252; vi. 837.
SAMUR, river, Caucasus, v. 255.
SAMVAT, Hindu era, xv. 346.
SAN, affluent of the Vistula, Europe,
xix. 307.
SANA, town, Peru, xvm. 674.
SANAA, town, Arabia, xxi. 253.
SANAGIRS, Tungus tribe, Siberia, xxin.
608.
SANAI, Persian philosopher and poet,
xxi. 254; xvm. 658.
SAN ANTONIO, mountains, New Mexico,
U.S.A., xvii. 400.
— , town, Texas, U.S.A., xxi. 254;
xxiii. 205.
SAN BARTOLOMMEO DE HONDA, town,
Colombia, xil. 129.
SAN BENITO (Paysandu), town, Uru
guay, xvm. 441.
SAN BERNARDINO, mountains, Cali
fornia, U.S.A., xxiii. Soi.
SANCHEZ, Francisco, Spanish scholar,
xxi. 255.
, Francisco, Portuguese physician,
xxi. 255.
, Thomas, Spanish Jesuit and casuist,
xxi. 255.
SANCHO I., king of Castile (III. of
Navarre), I. 615; xxii. 312.
II., of Castile, I. 615.
IV., of Castile, I. 617; xxii. 319,
354-
I., king of Leon, xxii. 311.
III., the Great, king of Navarre
(I. of Castile), I. 615; xxii. 312.
L, king of Portugal, xxi. 255; XIX.
541.
II., of Portugal, xxi. 255; xix.
542.
SAN CHRISTOVAL, island, Solomon
group, South Pacific, xxii. 252.
SANCHUNIATHON, Phoenician writer,
xxi. 255; xvm. 802.
SAN CRISTOVAL DE LOS LLANOS, town,
Mexico, xxi. 255; xvi. 214.
SANCROFT, William, archbishop of
Canterbury, XX I. 255.
SANCTIUS (Francisco Sanchez), Spanish
scholar, xxi. 255.
SANCTUARY, in architecture, 11. 388;
xxin. 166.
— , of Israel, xxiii. 6, 165; xm. 637;
tithes payable at, xxiii. 411; relation
of priests to, Xix. 726.
-, Privilege of, xxi. 255.
SANCTUS BELL, in. 538.
SANCTUS BELL-COT, n. 472.
SANCY, Puy de, mountain, France, xx.
119.
SAND, George (Madame Dudevant),
French novelist, VII. 507; IX. 678;
as journalist, xvn. 426.
, Karl Ludwig, assassin of Kotzebue,
xiv. 145.
SANDAKAN HARBOUR, North Borneo,
xxi. 123.
SANDALS, xxi. 830.
SANDALWOOD, xxi. 255.
SANDAN, Cilician divinity, xxin. 67.
SANDARACH, resin, xxi. 256.
SANDAY, island, Orkney, Scotland, xvii.
846.
SANDBACH, town, England, xxi. 256.
SANDBERGERITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
SAND-BLAST, its industrial uses, xxi.
257.
SANDBY, Paul, English painter, xxi.
257, 441, 444; as caricaturist, v. 104.
SANDEAU, Ldonard Silvain Jules, French
novelist, xxi. 257; XXII. 291.
SANDEC, or Neu-Sandec, town, Austria,
xvn. 364.
SAND-EEL, fish, xxi. 257.
SANDEMAN, Robert, leader of the Sande-
manians, x. 637.
SANDEMANIANS, or Glassites, Scottish
sect, x. 637.
SANDERLING, bird, xxi. 261.
388
S A N — S A N
SANDERS, Nicholas, legate to Ireland,
xin. 264.
SANDERSON, Robert, bishop of Lincoln,
xxi. 258.
SANDFORD AND MERTON, Day's book,
vii. 655.
SAND-GROUSE, bird, xxi. 258; migra
tion of, in. 770.
SAND HILLS, their formation, x. 265;
in Holland, xil. 60; in Persia, xv.
651; in Peru, xvm. 670; in Sahara,
xxi. 149; in Transcaspian Region,
xxm. 511.
SAND-HOPPER, crustacean, vi. 661.
SANDHURST, town, Victoria, xxi. 259.
, England, Military college at, 1 1.
585.
SAN DIEGO, town, California, U.S.A.,
xxi. 259.
SANDILA, town, India, xvm. 72.
SAND-LAUNCE, fish, xxi. 257.
SAND-LIZARD, xiv. 734.
SAND-MARTIN, bird, xv. 581.
SAN DOMINGO, island, West Indies, xi.
543; buccaneers of, iv. 408.
SANDOMIR, town, Russian Poland, xxi.
259; xx. 218.
SANDONUS (Athenodorus), Stoic philo
sopher, II. 832.
SANDOWAY, district, Burmah, xxi. 259;
town, xxi. 260.
SANDOWN, town, Isle of Wight, Eng
land, xxiv. 562.
SANDPIPER, bird, xxi. 260; xi. 173.
SAND-PIPER, fish, xiv. 249.
SANDRACOTTUS, founder of Maurya
kingdom, India, xn. 787; xv. 142;
xvm. 586.
SANDRIDGE, suburb of Melbourne,
Victoria, xv. 836.
SAND ROCKS, x. 236.
SANDS, Blowing, Reclamation of, I. 406.
SAND-STAR, fish, vii. 634.
SANDSTONE, x. 237; strength of, xxn.
603.
SANDUSEROS, people of Paysandu,
Uruguay, xvm. 441.
SANDUSKY, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xxi.
261.
SANDWICH, town, England, xxi. 261.
, First Earl of, British general and
admiral, XXI. 261.
, Fourth Earl of, English politician,
xxi. 261.
ISLANDS, North Pacific, xi. 528;
xvm. 127.
SPA, Canada, xvi. 436.
SANDWIP, island, India, xv. 830.
SAND WORM, n. 71.
SANDY DESERTS, their influence on
temperature, VI. 4; XVI. 137.
SANDYS, George, English traveller and
translator, XXI. 262; his Ovid, I. 720.
SAN ESTANISLAO, town, Paraguay,
xvm. 244.
SANFEDISTI, revolutionary society,
Italy, xin. 486.
SAN FELIPE DE AUSTRIA, town, Vene
zuela, v. 103.
SAN FELIPE DE JATIVA, town, Spain,
xin. 597.
SAN FERNANDO, town, Spain, xxi.
262.
, town, Trinidad, West Indies,
xxm. 573.
DE ATABAPO, town, Venezuela,
xvii. 843.
DE NUEVITAS (Puerto Principe),
town, Cuba, xx. 99.
SAN FRANCISCO, town, California,
U.S.A., xxi. 262.
MOUNTAINS, Arizona, U.S.A.,
xxm. 799.
SANG, Edward, his logarithmic tables,
XXIII. 10.
SANGAI, mountain, Ecuador, vn. 645.
SANGALLO, Florentine family of artists,
xxi. 265.
SANGAR, state, Smnbawa, Indian Archi
pelago, xxn. 641.
SANGARIUS, river, Asia Minor, n. 707;
xvm. 691, 852.
SANGERHAUSEN, town, Prussia, xxi.
265.
SAN GERMANO, town, Italy, xvi. 778.
SAN GERONIMO, mountain, Spain, xvi.
797-
SANGHA, society of Buddhists, iv. 434.
SAN GlMIGNANO, Folgore of, Italian
poet, xni. 501.
SANGJE GYAMTSO, regent of Tibet, xiv.
503-
SANGKALOK, ancient town, Siam, xxi.
854.
SANGRE DE CRISTO, mountain range,
Rocky Mountains, U.S.A., xxm. 796.
SANHEDRIN, Jewish council, xm. 424;
xxii. 812; convened at Paris in 1806,
xm. 683.
SAN-HUE, town, Anam, xil. 333.
SANHYA SCHOOL, of Brahmanism, iv.
209.
SANIDINE, mineral, xvi. 419.
SANITARY LAWS, xv. 797; xx. 96.
SANITATION, of dwellings, xn. 566; xxi.
714; xxiv. 159.
SAN JACINTO, Texas, U.S.A., Battle of
(1836), xxm. 206.
— MOUNTAINS, California, U.S.A.,
xxm. Soi.
SANJAK, Turkish administrative divi
sion, xxm. 654.
SANJEH, affluent of Euphrates, Asia,
vni. 669.
SAN JOSE, town, California, U.S.A., xxi.
266.
, town, Guatemala, xi. 241.
, town, Uruguay, xxiv. 15.
SANJU, town, Turkestan, xxm. 639;
xxiv. 728.
SAN JUAN, river, Nicaragua, xvn. 477.
BAUTISTA, town, Mexico, xvi. 214.
BAUTISTA, town, Porto Rico, xix.
532.
SAN JUAN DE CORRIENTES, town,
Argentine Republic, vi. 439.
DE LA FRONTERA, town, Argen
tine Republic, xxi. 266.
DEL NORTE, town, Nicaragua, xi.
194; xvii. 477.
— DEL SUR, town, Nicaragua, XVII.
477-
- ISLANDS, Washington Territory,
U.S.A., xxi. 266.
RANGE, Rocky Mountains, U.S.A.,
xxm. 796.
SAN JULIAN DEL PEREYRO, Knights of
(Knights of Alcantara), I. 458.
SANKARA, Hindu theologian and philo
sopher, xxi. 290.
SANKARACHARYA, Sanskrit poet, xxi.
287.
SANKHYA, Hindu system of philosophy,
xxi. 290.
SANKT JOHANN, town, Prussia, xxi.
122.
SANKT POLTEN, town, Austria, xxi.
266.
SAN LAZZARO, island and Mechitharist
convent, near Venice, xv. 774.
SAN LUCAR DE BARRAMEDA, town,
Spain, XXI. 266.
SAN LUCAR DE BARRAMEDA, Duque
de (Olivares), Spanish statesman, XVII.
761.
SAN LUIS POTOSi, town, Mexico, xxi.
266; xvi. 214; state, xvi. 214.
SAN MAMEDE, mountains, Portugal,
xix. 536.
SAN MARINO, republic, Italy, xxi. 266;
xm. 485.
SAN MARTIN DE JOSE, Chilian general,
xxi. 267.
SANMICHELE, Michele, Italian architect,
xxi. 267; xxiv. 155, 171.
SAN MIGUEL (St Michael's), island,
Azores, in. 171.
, town, Salvador, Central America,
xxi. 268.
DE LA PALM A, island, Canaries, iv.
799-
SANNAZARO, Jacopo, Italian poet, xxi.
267; xin. 508; xvm. 345; xxn. 357.
SAN PABLO, lake, Ecuador, vn. 646.
SAN PANTALEONE, islet, Sicily, xv.
571-
SAN PEDRO, town, Paraguay, xvm.
244.
SANPU, river, Assam, n. 718.
SANRABONI, district, Celebes, v. 288.
SAN REMO, town, Italy, xxi. 268.
SAN SALVADOR, island, first American
land discovered by Columbus, vi.
173-
, republic and town, Central
America, xxi. 268.
, volcano, Central America, XXI.
DA BAHIA, town, Brazil, m. 239.
SANSANDING, town, West Africa, xxi.
269.
g A N — S A R
389
SAN SEBASTIAN, town, Spain, xxi. 269.
SANS EGAL, bagatelle game, in. 230.
SAN SEVERO, town, Italy, xxi. 269.
SAN-SiNG, town, Manchuria, xv. 466.
SANSKRIT LANGUAGE, xxi. 269; XL
841; xvill. 781, 784; its relation to
Greek, XL 127; to Pali, xvm. 183;
Benfey's works on, XVIIL 781; Muir's,
XVII. 13; dictionaries of, VII. 190.
SANSKRIT LITERATURE, xxi. 273; iv.
201; the Vedanta, xxiv. 117; Lassen's
works on, xiv. 322; H. H. Wilson's
essays on, xxiv. 590.
SANSKRIT MANUSCRIPTS, xiv. 533.
SANSKRIT NUMERALS, xvn. 627.
SANSON, Nicolas, French cartographer,
xxi. 295.
SANSOVINO, Andrea Contucci del Monte,
Florentine sculptor, xxi. 295.
, Francesco, Venetian architect,
xxiv. 153.
, Jacopo, Italian architect and sculp
tor, xxi. 295; xxiv. 152, 154.
SANS Souci, palace, Potsdam, Prussia,
xix. 599.
SAN STEFANO, Turkey, Peace of (1878),
xxi. 102; XXIIL 652.
SANTA ANA, town, San Salvador, Central
America, xxi. 268.
SANTA-ANA DE CORO, town, Venezuela,
vi. 428.
SANTA ANNA, island, Brazil, iv. 222.
, Antonio Lopez de, Mexican presi
dent, xxi. 296; xvi. 219.
SANTA BARBARA, department, Hon
duras, xii. 132.
SANTA CASA, Chiesa della, Loreto, Italy,
xv. 3.
SANTA CATERINA, spa, North Italy,
xxiv. 45.
SANTA CATHARINA, town, Brazil, vn.
132.
SANTA CRUZ, islands, Pacific Ocean,
xvii. 395; xv. 835.
, Andreas, ruler in Peru, xvm. 678.
DE LA SIERRA, department, Bo
livia, iv. 10.
DE SANTIAGO, town, Teneriffe, iv.
799-
SANTA FE, town, Argentine Republic,
xxi. 296.
, town, New Mexico, U.S.A., xxi.
296.
DE BOGOTA, town, Colombia, in.
Qr-Q
050.
DE GUANAJUATO, town, Mexico,
XL 233.
SANTA HERMANDAD, or Holy Brother
hood, Spain, xxil. 326; IX. 81.
SANTALACE^E, group of parasitic plants,
XVIIL 266.
SANTA LAURA, convent, on Mount
Athos, I. ii.
SANTALIC ACID, xxi. 256.
SANTAL PARGANAS, district, India,
xxi. 296.
SANTALUM, genus of trees, xxi. 255.
SANTA MARIA (Capua), town, Italy, v.
79-
SANTA MAURA, one of the Ionian Is
lands, Greece, XXL 297; XIII. 205.
SANTANDER, province, Spain, xxi. 297;
town, xxi. 298.
SANT' ANTAO, one of the Cape Verd
Islands, v. 52.
SANT' ANTONIO, part of Pernambuco,
Brazil, XVIIL 551.
SANTAREM, town, Brazil, xxi. 298.
, town, Portugal, xxi. 298.
SANTA SCOLASTICA, Italy, Monastic
library of, xiv. 530.
SANTEE, river, South Carolina, U.S.A.,
XXIL 287.
SANTERRE, Jean Baptiste, French
painter, XXI. 298.
SAN THIAGO (St Jago), one of the Cape
Verd Islands, v. 52.
S ANTI, Giovanni, Italian painter, XX. 274.
SANTIAGO, province, Chili, xxi. 298;
v. 617.
, town, Chili, xxi. 298; observatory
at, xvii. 716.
, town, Cuba, xxi. 300.
DE CHAO, town, Peru, xvm. 674.
DE COMPOSTELLA, town, Spain,
XXI. 299; sculptures in, XXL 566;
rainfall at, XXIL 296.
DE CUBA, town, Cuba, xxi. 300.
DE GUATEMALA, town, Central
America, XL 241.
DE GUAYAQUIL, town, Ecuador,
South America, XL 242.
DEL ESTERO, town, Argentine Re
public, XXL 300.
SANTILLANA, Marquis of, Spanish poet,
xxi. 300; XXIL 355.
SANTINI, Giovanni, Italian astronomer,
xxi. 300.
SANTIPUR, town, India, xvii. 161.
SANTISTEVAN, Jose, Peruvian jurist,
XVIIL 675.
SANTO, Francisco, Spanish novelist,
XXIL 358.
SANTOB of Carrion, Spanish writer,
XXIL 353.
SANTO DOMINGO COBAN, town, Central
America, vi. 83.
SAN TOMAS DE LA NUEVA GUAYANA
(Angostura), Venezuela, II. 45.
SANTONA, town, Spain, xxi. 297.
SANTONIN, bitter principle in plants,
xix. 53.
SANTORIN (Thera), island, Greece, XXIIL
279.
SANTORINI, Giovanni Domenico, Italian
anatomist, I. 813.
SANTOS, town, Brazil, xxi. 300.
SANTO TOMAS, toAvn, Guatemala, XL 241.
SANUDO, Marco, Venetian, his capture
of Naxos, xvii. 302.
SAN VICENTE, town, Salvador, Central
America, xxi. 268.
SANZIO, Raphael, Italian painter, xx.
274. See Raphael.
SAO FELIPPE, town, Cape Verd Islands,
v. 52.
SAO FRANCISCO, river, Brazil, iv. 222.
SAO JOAO DA Foz, suburb of Oporto,
Portugal, xvii. 795.
SAO LEOPOLDO, German colony, Brazil,
xxi. 301.
SAO Luiz DE MARANHAO, town, Brazil,
xv. 526.
SAdNE, river, France, xx. 528.
, Haute-, department, France, xxi.
301.
SAONE-ET-LOIRE, department, France,
xxi. 301.
SAO NICOLAO, one of the Cape Verd
Islands, v. 52.
SAOOD, Wahhabi ruler, Arabia, n. 260.
SAO PAULO, town, Brazil, xxi. 302.
SAO PEDRO DO Rio GRANDE DO SUL,
town, Brazil, XX. 564.
SAO VICENTE, one of the Cape Verd
Islands, V. 52.
, town, Brazil, xxi. 301.
SAPAJOU, ape, n. 154.
SAPHO, pseudonym of Mademoiselle de
Scudery (q.v.), XXL 555.
SAPOJOK, town, Russia, xxi. 116.
SAPONIFICATION, x. 697; XXIL 202.
SAPONITE, mineral, x. 228; xvi. 414.
SAPOR, or Shapur (q.v.), kings of Persia,
XVIIL 608; XVII. 514.
SAPPAN WOOD, dyewood, xxi. 302.
SAPPERS, in Austrian army, II. 606;
British, II. 579; IX. 456; Prussian, II.
597; Russian, 1 1. 610.
SAPPHIRE, gem, xxi. 302; Greek, xiv.
300.
D' EAU, mineral, xvi. 418.
SAPPHIRINE, mineral, xvi. 386.
SAPPHIRITE, mineral, xvi. 409.
SAPPHO, Greek poetess, xxi. 302.
SAPROLEGNIA, salmon fungus, xxi. 226;
xvi. 293.
SAPROLEGNIEJE, suborder of Fungi,
IX. 830; XVIIL 266.
SAPROPHYTES, vegetable parasites on
dead organisms, xvm. 264.
SAPUCAIA (or SAPUCAYA) NUT AND
OIL, xvn. 665, 746.
SAR, Babylonian numerical term, xvn.
626.
SARABAITES, or Remoboth, Eastern
ascetics, xvi. 701.
SARABAND, Spanish dance, xxi. 303.
SARACENIC ARCHITECTURE, n. 445;
in decoration, II. 234.
SARACENS, medieval Moslems, xxi.
304; in France, xxi. 28; in Greece,
XL 115; in Italy, xm. 468; campaigns
of Nicephorus II. against, xvn. 482;
conquest of Malta by, XV. 342; con
quest of Sicily by, XXIL 23; invasion
of Spain by, XXIL 309.
SARAGOSSA, or Zaragoza, province, Spain,
xxiv. 769; town, xxiv. 770; XXIL 307.
, Duke of, Spanish general, xvm.
1 66.
390
A R— S A U
SARAGU, fish, xxi. 785.
SARAH, of Scripture, i. 52.
SARAKHS, oasis, Transcaspian Ecgion,
Eussia, xvin. 618; xxm. 512.
SARAKOLES, people, Senegambia, West
Africa, xxi. 662.
S ARAM A, of Sanskrit mythology, XI. 750.
SARAN, district, India, xxi. 304.
SARANDA, mountain, India, xxn. 94.
SARANSK, town, Russia, xvin. 515.
SARANYU, Vedic divinity, vm. 524.
SARAPIS, Egyptian divinity, vn. 717;
xxi. 674.
SARAPUL, town, Russia, xxiv. 303.
SARASARA, mountain, Peru, xvin. 672.
SARASWATI, river, India, Legend of,
I. 579.
SARATOFF, government, Russia, xxi.
304; town, xxi. 305.
SARATOGA, Battle of (1777), xxin. 744.
SPRINGS, spa, New York, U.S.A.,
xxi. 306; mineral water of, xvi. 436.
SARAWAK, territory, Borneo, xxi. 306;
iv. 60.
, Rajah of (Sir James Brooke), iv.
369-
SAREIEVIUS, Matthias Casimir, Polish
Latin poet, xix. 301.
SARBUT AL-KHADEM, Sinai, Arabia,
xxii. 88.
SARCOCYSTIDIA, subclass of Protozoa,
xix. 855.
SARCODE, animal protoplasm, xix.
828.
SARCOLACTIC ACID, xiv. 197.
SARCOLITE, mineral, xvi. 412.
SARCOMA, disease, xvm. 368.
SARCOPHAGI, stone or fictile coffins,
early Christian, xxi. 556; Etruscan,
vm. 643; Etruscan, in terra-cotta,
XXIII. 193; Phoenician, xvm. Sio;
Roman, II. 419.
SARD, precious stone, xxi. 310.
SARDANAPALUS, king of Nineveh, xxi.
307; in. 188; xxm. 67.
SARDES, town, Asia Minor, xv. 98.
SARDICA, Illyria, Council of (347), n.
829; xin. 771.
SARDINE, fish, xxi. 307; xn. 694; xix.
90; fishery, IX. 253; fishery in Italy,
Xlll. 455.
SARDINIA, island, Mediterranean, xxi.
307; XV. 820; XIII. 440; acquired by
Rome, XX. 748; dialects of, xin. 493.
, Kingdom of, Italy, xxi. 310; v.
275 ; xm. 485 ; war with Austria
(1859), in. 138.
SARDINIAN DIALECTS, xin. 493.
SARDIS, town, Lydia, Asia Minor, xxi.
310.
SARDONYX, precious stone, xxi. 310;
xvii. 776.
SAREPTA, town, Russia, xxi. 305.
SARGASSO SEA, in Atlantic, in. 20, 26;
i. 509.
SARGASSUM BACCIFERUM, .species of
Algse, I. 509.
SARGON, king of Assyria, in. 187; xin.
412; palace of, at Nineveh, xvii. 512.
SARGUS, genus of fishes, xxi. 785.
SARI, town, Persia, xv. 651.
DAGH, mountain, Caucasus, v. 254.
SARIKS, tribe, Merv, xvi. 43.
SARJEKTJAKKO, mountain, Sweden,
xxii. 736.
SARKEL, ancient Khazar town, Russia,
xiv. 59, 60.
SARMAN, Vishnu, mythical Hindu fabu
list, vm. 837; xxi. 287.
SARMATIANS, ancient people, Europe
and Asia, xxi. 310, 575, 578 ; in
Russia, xxi. 78.
SARMIENTO, Mount, Tierra del Fuego,
xxin. 384.
DE GAM BO A, Pedro, Patagonian
explorer, xvin. 353.
SARNEN, town, Switzerland, xxn. 778;
xxin. 858.
SARNO, town, Italy, xxi. 311.
SARPFOS, waterfall, Norway, xvn. 575.
SARPI, Pietro, friar, theologian, and
scientist, xxi. 311; xvin. 431; xix.
505.
SARRACENIA, genus of insectivorous
plants, xin. 138.
SARRAZIN, Jacques, French painter,
xxi. 313.
SARRUSOPHONES, musical instruments,
xvn. 707.
SARS, Georg Ossian, on fish spawning,
ix. 244.
, Michael, Norwegian zoologist,
xvn. 592.
SARSAPARILLA, drug, xxi. 313.
SARSFIELD, Lady, wife of Baron von
Neuhof, xvn. 362.
SARTAK, Tartar chief, xxi. 46.
SARTHE, department, France, xxi. 314.
SARTI, Giuseppe, Italian musical theo
rist and composer, xxi. 314; v. 587.
SARTO, Andrea del, Italian painter,
xxi. 315, 435.
SARTORITE, mineral, xvi. 394.
SARTORIUS, Georg, German economist,
xix. 387.
SARTS, Asiatic tribe, Xiv. 64: XXII. 820;
in Persia, xxin. 25; in Turkestan,
XXIII. 636.
SARUM, town, England, xxi. 218.
USE, liturgy, vm. 379.
SARUN (Saran), district, India, xxi.
304-
SARUS, river, Asia Minor, n. 708; V.
777-
SARY-Su, river, Siberia, xxin. 627.
SARZEAU, town, France, xvi. 813.
SASANIAN EMPIRE, Persia, xvin. 607;
coins of, xvn. 659; contest of, with
Rome, xx. 777.
SASINE, in Scots law, xxi. 626.
SASKATCHEWAN, district, North-West
Territory, British America, xvi I. 573.
SASKIA VAN ULENBURGH, wife of
Rembrandt, xx. 374.
SA SOTOMAIOR, Eloi de, Portuguese
poet, xix. 556.
SASSAFRAS NUT, xvn. 664.
SASSANIAN (SASANIAN) EMPIRE, Persia,
xvin. 607; coins of, xvn. 659; contest
of, with Rome, xx. 777.
SASSARI, town, Sardinia, xxi. 316.
SASSERAM, subdivision, Bengal, India,
xxi. 316.
SASSNITZ, town, Rvigen, Prussia, xxi. 57.
SASSOLINE, mineral, xvi. 387.
SATALI, town, Asia Minor, xxi. 317.
SATAN, vn. 136; doctrine of the Bogo-
mili regarding, in. 858; in Mani-
chseism, XV. 483; Zoroastrian doctrine
of, xxiv. 822.
SATARA, district and town, India, xxi.
3i7-
SATELLITES, of planets, n. 783; of
Jupiter, n. 810.
SATI (Suttee), Hindu rite, xxn. 727;
iv. 210; abolition of, xn. 806.
SATIN, textile, xxiv. 464; origin of the
word, v. 673.
SPAR, mineral, I. 439; xvi. 398.
SATIN-WOOD, xxi. 317.
SATIRE, xxi. 317; Roman, xvin. 661.
MENIPPEE, in French literature,
ix. 655.
OF THE THREE ESTATES, Lynd-
say's, xv. 1 08.
SATIRES, Menippean, of Varro, xxiv. 93.
SATKINSH, town, Russia, xxin. 717.
SATLAJ (Sutlej), river, India, XI I. 847;
XX. 106; I. 484.
SATNAMIS, Hindu sect, in. 671.
SATNIOS, river, Asia Minor, xxin. 578.
SATRAPS, Persian, organized by Darius,
xvin. 569; of Alexander the Great,
xvin. 583.
SATSUMA, Japan, Porcelain of, xix. 635.
INSURRECTION, Japan, xin. 585.
SATTARAH (Satara), district, India, xxi.
3i7-
SATUR/E, in Roman drama, vn. 409;
xiv. 723.
SATURN, Italian divinity, xxi. 320.
, planet, II. 776, 782, Si i ; as affected
by tidal friction, xxm. 379.
SATURNALIA, Roman festival, xxi. 321.
, Macrobius's treatise, xv. 167.
SATURNINUS, Roman tribune, xx. 758.
-, St, French martyr, xxin. 485.
SATYR, of Greek mythology, xxi. 322;
xxn. 51.
SAUDA, Urdu poet, XL 848.
SAUERKRAUT, article of food, iv. 618.
SAUERLAND, district, Westphalia, Ger
many, xxiv. 516.
SAUGOR (Sagar), district, India, xxi.
146; town, xxi. 147.
SAUGUR STRAITS, Japan, xin. 570.
SAUL, king of Israel, VI. 838; xin. 403;
XXI. 253; claim of Afghan descent
from, I. 238.
of Tarsus (Paul, St, q.v.), xvin.
415.
A U — S C A
391
SAUMAISE, Claude de (Salmaaius), Dutch
scholar, xxi. 219; xvi. 332.
SAUMAREZ, Baron de, English admiral,
xxi. 322.
SAUMUR, town, France, xxi. 322.
WINE, xxiv. 606.
SAUNDERSON, Nicholas, English mathe
matician, xxi. 323.
SAURAS, tribe, India, xv. 185.
SAURIANS, division of reptiles, XX.
432.
SAURIN, Jacques, French preacher, xxi.
323-
SAUROGNATHOUS TYPE, of birds, in.
716.
SAUROIDS, group of Vertebrate, xxi.
323-
SAUROMAT^E, or Sarmatians (q.v.\
ancient people, xxi. 310, 78, 575,
578.
SAUROPODA, order of fossil reptiles, XX.
443-
SAUROPSIDA, group of Yertebrata, xxi.
323; XVHI. 43.
SAUROPTERYGIA, group of fossil reptiles,
xix. 220; xx. 444.
SAURUR/E, group of birds, in. 699;
xvin. 34, 44.
SAUSAGE, German Pea, preserved food,
xix. 707.
SAUSSURE, Horace Benedict de, Swiss
physicist, XXI. 323; XXII. 799; his
electrical experiments, vni. 9 ; his
observations on glaciers, x. 629.
, Nicolas de, Swiss agriculturist,
xxi. 323.
-, Nicolas Theodore de, Swiss
chemist, XXI. 324.
SAUSSURITE, mineral, xni. 541; xvi.
420.
SAUTERNE WINE, xxiv. 605.
SAUTREY, William, Lollard martyr,
xiv. Si i.
SAUVAGES, Francois Bossier de, French
physicist, xv. 815.
SAVA, St, archbishop of Servia, xxi.
689.
SAVAGE, Richard, English poet and
adventurer, xxi. 324 ; his relations
with Dr Johnson, xni. 722.
SAVAGES, Bearing of international law
on, xni. 196.
SAVALAN, Mount, Persia, xvin. 619.
SAVANNAH, town, Georgia, U.S.A., xxi.
324; river, x. 434.
SAVARS, people, India, v. 243.
SAVART, Felix, las acoustic apparatus,
i. 108.
SAVARY, Anne Jean Marie Rene, French
general and diplomatist, XXI. 325.
SAVARY'S HELIOMETER, xvi. 249.
SAVELLI, Luca, Roman senator, xx.
795-
SAVERNAKE FOREST, Wilts, England,
xxiv. 594.
SAVERY, Thomas, inventor of a steam
pumping engine, XXII. 473.
SAVIA, Roman province, Pannonia,
xvin. 213.
SAVIGLIANO, town, Italy, xxi. 325.
SAVIGNY, Carl Friedrich von, Prussian
minister, xxi. 327.
, Friedrich Carl von, historian of
Roman law, xxi. 326.
SAVILE, George, marquis of Halifax, XI.
386.
, Sir Henry, English scholar, XXI.
327-
SAVIN, plant, xni. 774.
SAVINGS BANKS, xxi. 327; post-office,
XIX. 572; in England and Wales, VIII.
240, 256; at Paris, xvin. 283.
SAVOIE, department, France, xxi. 331.
— , Haute-, department, France, xxi.
332.
SAVONA, town, Italy, xxi. 333.
SAVONAROLA, Girolamo, Italian Refor
mer, xxi. 333; xni. 481; in Florence,
IX. 335; his influence on contemporary
art, iv. 1 66; on Italian literature,
xni. 508.
SAVON DE VERRIER, mineral, xvi.
387-
SAVORY, herb, xn. 289.
SAVOY, departments of France, xxi.
33 r> 3325 annexation of, IX. 624; xni.
490.
-, vegetable, xn. 287.
, Academy of, I. 74.
— , House of, xxi. 339 (genealogical
table, 340); xni. 483.
CONFERENCE (1662), London, xix.
690.
PALACE, London, xiv. 838, 845.
SAW, tool, xxi. 343; XL 437.
SAWAD, district, Mesopotamia, xvi. 51.
SAWAHILI, people, East Africa, xvi.
697.
SAWAII, island, South Pacific, xvn.
279.
SAWAIORI, Polynesian race, xix. 423.
SAWAKIN (Suakim), port on Red Sea,
xx. 316; xxn. 615.
SAWANTWARI, state, India, xxi. 342.
SAWATCH MOUNTAINS, U.S.A., xxin.
796.
SAW-BILL, bird, xvi. 35.
SAW-FISH, xn. 68.6; xx. 299.
SAW-FLY, xxi. 343; xn. 576; as wheat
pest, xxiv. 536.
SAW-MILLS, xxi. 344.
SAWS, tools, xxi. 343; XL 437.
SAWTREY, John, English martyr, xx.
322.
SAWUNTWARRIE, state, India, xxi. 342.
SAWYER-WORK, for building, iv. 476.
SAX, Charles Joseph, musical instrument
maker, xvn. 98.
SAXE, John Godfrey, American poet, I.
722.
-, Maurice, Comte de, French mar
shal, xxi. 346; ix. 586.
SAXE-ALTENBURG, duchy, Germany,
xxi. 347.
SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA, duchy, Ger
many, xxi. 347.
SAXE-MEININGEN, duchy, Germany,
xxi. 348.
SAXE-SAALFELD, duchy, Germany, xxi.
122.
SAXE - WEIMAR - EISENACH, grand-
duchy, Germany, XXI. 349,
SAXICOLA, genus of birds, xxiv. 536.
SAXIFRAGE, plant, xxi. 350; xn. 251.
SAXO GRAMMATICUS, Danish historian
and poet, xxi. 350; his Chronicle, I. 57.
SAXON CHRONICLE, vni. 406.
SAXONS, Teutonic people, xxi. 351; re
lation of, to the Angles, II. 30; their
opposition to Charlemagne, v. 402 ;
in England, vni. 268, 270 ; first
invasion of England by, xxn. 725;
in Germany, x. 477; of Transylvania,
xxin. 522; law of the, xxi. 215.
SAXON SWITZERLAND, xxi. 357.
SAXONY, country, North Germany, xxi.
351; army of, n. 599; libraries, xiv.
527, 546; prison system, xix. 760;
schools for the blind, in. 829.
, North Mark of, division of ancient
Prussia, xx. 2.
— , Prussian, province of Prussia, xxi.
359-
SAXOPHONE, musical instrument, xvn.
708.
SAY, town, on Niger, Africa, xvn. 497.
, Jean Baptiste, French political
economist, xxi. 360; Xix. 382.
SAVES COURT, mansion, Deptford, Eng
land, VII. IOI.
SAYLE, William, colonizer of South
Carolina, U.S.A., xxn. 289.
SAYNITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
SAYYID AHMAD, Indian Wahhabi leader,
XL 849.
SAYYID AHMAD KHAN BAHADUR, Urdu
writer, XL 850.
SAYYIDS, Indian race, xn. 746; xv. 185.
SBEITLA, town, Tunis, xxin. 620.
SCABIES, disease, xvin. 270; xxn. 123.
SCAGLIOLA, in plaster work, iv. 508.
SCALA, Delia (Scaliger), ruling family
in Verona, XXiv. 173; tombs of the,
xxiv. 172; n. 456.
NOVA, town, Asia Minor, xxi.
361.
SCALE, of maps, xxn. 708; xv. 522.
— , surveying instrument, xxn. 720.
INSECTS, xni. 153.
SCALES, of animals, xxn. 107; of fishes,
xn. 639; of mammals, xv. 348; of
reptiles, XX. 446.
, Musical, xvn. 80.
-, Thermometric, xxin. 288; gradua
tion of, XL 27.
SCALIGER, or Delia Scala, family,
Verona, Italy, xxiv. 173. See Scala.
— • — , Joseph Justus, Italian scholar,
xxi. 362; ana of, I. 784.
— , Julius Caesar, Italian philosopher,
XXL 361.
392
S C A — S C H
SCALING, William, on the cultivation of
willows, in. 422.
SCALLOWAY, town, Shetland, Scotland,
xvn. 848.
SCAMANDER, river, Asia Minor, n. 707;
xxin. 578.
SCAMELL, bird, x. 720.
SCAMMONY, drug, XXI. 365.
SCANDERBEG (George Castriota), Al
banian prince, xxi. 365; i. 225, 447;
xxin. 642.
SCANDEROON, town, Asia Minor, xxi.
366; v. 777.
SCANDINAVIA, xxi. 366; union under
one crown (1397), xxn. 746; anti
quities of, II. 341; ancient armour, II.
555; mythology, I. 209; xvn. 155.
SCANDINAVIAN ALPHABETIC CHAR
ACTERS, i. 612.
SCANDINAVIAN LANGUAGES, xxi. 366;
dictionaries of, vn. 186.
SCANDIUM, Spectrum of, xxn. 377.
SCAPHOPODA, class of Mollusca, xvi.
663.
SCAPOLITE, mineral, xvi. 412.
SCAPULA, Anatomy of the, i. 826.
SCAPULIMANCY, method of divination,
vii. 293; xv. 206.
SCARAB, gem, x. 136; Etruscan, vin.
640.
SCARAB^EIDA, group of insects, xxiv.
238.
SCARBOROUGH, town, England, xxi.
374-
, town, Tobago, "West Indies, xxin.
427.
SCARBROITE, mineral, xvi. 424.
SCARCIES, rivers, Sierra Leone, xxn. 45.
SCARDUS, Mount, Thrace, ill. 282; XV.
136.
SCARICHTHYS, gCliUS of fishes, XVIII.
324-
SCARIFIER, agricultural implement, I.
312.
SCARLATINA, disease, xxi. 376; xvm.
404.
SCARLATTI, Alessandro, Italian musical
composer, xxi. 375; xvn. 87.
, Domenico, Italian musical com
poser, xxi. 376; xvn. 95.
SCARLET, Pigments of, xix. 87; dyes,
vn. 574.
- FEVER, disease, xxi. 376; xvm.
404.
- RUNNER, bean, xn. 283.
SCARP, in fortification, IX. 422.
SCARPA, Antonio, anatomist, I. 816.
SCARPANTO (Carpathus), island, Medi
terranean Sea, v. 127.
SCARPELLINO, workman for sculptor,
xxi. 571.
SCARRON, Madame (Madame de Main-
tenon, q.v.)j XV. 304; IX. 578; XXI. 378.
, Paul, French dramatist, XXI. 378.
SCAR-TISSUE, XVIII. 366.
SCARUFFI, Count Gasparo, Italian eco
nomist, xix. 356.
SCARUS, genus of fishes, xvm. 324.
SCAT, udal tribute, xxin. 716.
SCATARI, island, Nova Scotia, xvn.
601.
SCAUP, or Scaup-Duck, bird, xxi. 378;
xix. 252.
SCAVENGER'S DAUGHTER, instrument
of torture, xx in. 465.
SCAW, cape, Denmai'k, vn. 80.
SCAWFELL, mountain, England, VI. 697.
SCEAUX, Court of, Madame Delaunay's
account of, xxn. 439.
SCENTS, or Perfumes, xvm. 525.
SCEPTICISM, in philosophy, xxi. 378.
SCEPTRE, symbol of authority, xxi.
384-
SCHACH DAGH, mountain, Caucasus, v.
254.
SCHACK-STAFFELDT, Adolph, Danish
writer, vn. 92.
SCHADOW, Friedrich Wilhelm, German
painter, xxi. 385.
, Johaim Gottfried, German sculp
tor, xxi. 385.
, Rudolph, German sculptor, xxi.
385-
SCHAFARIK, Paul Joseph, Hungarian
writer, xxi. 386, 108; on the Slavs,
XXII. 145.
SCHAFBERG, mountain, Austria, XXI.
241.
SCHAFFHAUSEN, canton, Switzerland,
xxi. 386.
., town, xxi. 387; xxn. 789; falls
of the Rhine near, xx. 519; xxn.
777-
SCHAFFLE, Albert, German economist,
Xix. 393.
SCHAFFLERTANZ, popular festival at
Munich, Bavaria, xvn. 26.
SCHALCKEN, Godfried, Dutch painter,
XXI. 387.
SCHALMEY, musical instrument, xvn.
706.
SCHAMYL, Peter, Caucasian hero, xxi.
387, 102; his resistance to the Russians,
v. 258.
SCHANDAU, town, Saxony, xxi. 387.
SCHARNHORST, Gerhard Johaim David
von, Prussian general, XXI. 387.
SCHARNITZ, Tyrol, stormed by Ney
(1805), in. 132.
SCHASSBURG, town, Transylvania, Hun
gary, XXI. 387.
SCHATTENBURG (Feldkirch), town,
Austria, IX. 65.
SCHAUMBURG-LiPPE, state, Germany,
xiv. 683.
SCHEELE, Karl Wilhelm, Swedish
chemist, xxi. 387; v. 462; XXII. 755;
on photography, xvm. 821.
SCHEELE'S GREEN, pigment, xix. 88.
SCHEELITE, mineral, xvi. 403; XXIII.
607.
SCHEEMAKERS, Pieter, sculptor, xxi.
560.
ScHEERERlTE, mineral, xvi. 429.
SCHEFER, Leopold, German poet, x.
546.
SCHEFFER, Ary, Dutch painter, XXI.
->QQ
365.
SCHEFFLER, Johann (Angelus), German
poet and hymn- writer, n. 28; xn. 587;
XVII. 135.
SCHEIBLER, Johann Heinrich, on acous
tics, xxin. 619.
SCHEINER, Christoph, on sun-spots, II.
785.
SCHELDT, or Schelde, river, France,
Belgium, and Holland, xxi. 389; in.
5i5-
SCHELLING, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph
von, German philosopher, xxi. 389 ;
on the beautiful, I. 217; on evolution,
vin. 762; his influence on German
rationalism, XX. 290; influence of his
philosophy on Hegel, XL 614; his
metaphysics, xvi. 87; on theosophic
speculation, xxin. 279.
SCHELLY, fish, xix. 650; xxi. 223.
SCHEMNITZ, town, Hungary, xxi. 393.
SCHENECTADY, town, New York, LLS.A.,
xxi. 393.
SCHENKEL, Lambert, on mnemonics,
xvi. 532.
SCHETKY, John Alexander, Scottish
painter, xxi. 393.
., John Christian, Scottish painter,
&c., XXI. 393.
SCHEUTZ, George and Edward, their
calculating machine, iv. 655.
SCHEVENINGEN, town, Holland, xxi.
394-
SCHIAVONE, Andrea, Italian painter,
xx. 609.
SCHIAVONETTI, Luigi, Italian engraver,
xxi. 394.
SCHIEDAM, town, Holland, xxi. 394.
, variety of gin, X. 602.
SCHIEFFNER, Franz Anton, Russian
philologist, xxi. 394.
SCHIEHALLION, mountain, Scotland,
xvm. 666.
SCHIEL, fish, Xix. 89.
SCHILLER, Johann Christoph Friedrich,
German dramatist and poet, xxi. 395;
on the philosophy of art, I. 220; his
Spieltrieb theory, IX. 199; his influ
ence on German drama, vn. 442; on
German literature, X. 538; his rela
tions with Goethe, x. 731.
SCHILLER-SPAR, mineral, xvi. 415.
SCHINKEL, Karl Friedrich, German
architect and painter, xxi. 398.
SCHINUS, genus of trees, xvm. 519.
SCHINZNACH, spa, Switzerland, xvi.
435-
SCHIRMER, Friedrich Wilhelm, German
painter, XXI. 398.
, Johann Wilhelm, German painter,
XXI. 398.
SCHIRMERITE, mineral, xvi. 394.
SCHISM, The Great Papal, xix. 502.
SCHISTOS, variety of alum, I. 644.
S C H— S C H
393
SCHISTOSE ROCKS, in geology, X. 235.
SCHIZOMYCETES, group of minute organ
isms, XXI. 398; IX. 836; their rela
tions to Fungi, xxiv. 128.
SCHIZONEMKRTEA, suborder of nemer-
tine worms, xvil. 326, 330.
SCHIZORRHIS, genus of birds, XXIII.
487.
SCHLAGER, German sword, xxil. 803.
SCHLAGINTWEIT-SAKUNLUNSKI, Her
mann von, German explorer, xxi. 408.
SCHLANGENBAD, spa, Germany, xxi.
460; xvi. 433.
SCHLAWA SEE, lake, Prussian Silesia,
xxii. 52.
SCHLEGEL, August "\Vilhelm von, Ger
man poet, xxi. 408, 409; x. 542; his
relations with Sehelling, xxi. 390.
, Hermann, on birds, xvm. 14, 17;
on reptiles, XX. 440.
, Johann Adolph, German preacher,
xxi. 408.
, Johann Elias, German dramatist,
xxi. 408.
, Johann Heinrich, German writer
on Danish history, XXI. 408.
, Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von, Ger
man historian of literature, XXI. 408;
x. 542.
SCHLEGLERKRIEG, contest in "\Vurtem -
berg (1367), xxn. 729.
SCHLEI, inlet, Prussia, xxi. 413.
SCHLEICHER, August, German philolo
gist, xxi. 409; xvm. 782.
SCHLEIDEN, Matthias, German botanist,
xxi. 409; on protoplasm, xix. 828.
SCHLEIERMACHER, Friedrich Daniel
Ernst, German theologian, xxi. 409;
x. 543; his influence on Baur, ill. 448;
influence on Neander, xvn. 304; on
German rationalism, XX. 290; his
lectures on the life of Jesus, Xlil. 672.
SCHLEMIHL, Peter, by Chamisso, V. 384.
SCHLESIEN (Silesia, q.v.), district, Ger
many, xxil. 51.
SCHLESWIG, Invasion of, by Austria
(1864), in. 139; relations with Den
mark, vn. 88.
, town, Prussia, XXI. 413.
SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN, province, Prus
sia, xxi. 414; xx. 14, 1 6; the Schles-
wig-Holstein question, x. 507, 509,
510.
SCHLETTSTADT, town, German Alsace,
xxi. 416.
SCHLIEMANN, Heinrich, his explorations
at Mycenae, xvn. 115; at Tiryns,
XXlil. 408; in the Troad, II. 341;
xxni. 581.
SCHLOSSER, Johann Georg, friend of
Goethe, x. 722.
SCHLOZER, August Ludwig von, German
historian, xxi. 416.
, Christian von, German economist,
Xix. 388.
SCHLUSSELBURG, town, Russia, xiv. 199;
XXI. 190.
SCHLUTER, Andreas, German sculptor,
xxi. 566.
SCHLYTER, Karl Johan, on the Wisby
sea laws, xxi. 585.
SCHMALKALD, League of (1531), v. 415;
x. 498; xv. 83; xx. 333.
SCHMALKALDEN, or Schmalkald, town,
Prussia, xxi. 416.
SCHMALZ, Theodor, German economist,
xix. 363.
SCHMALZOL, rape oil, xx. 274.
SCHMEISSER'S FORMULA, in spherical
trigonometry, XXlil. 567.
SCHMIDT, Franz Max, on Friar
William's travels, xxi. 47. , ,
, Friedrich, German architect, XXIV.
221.
SCHMITT, Polish historian, xix. 305.
SCHMOLKE, Benjamin, German hymn-
writer, XII. 587.
SCHMOLLN, town, Germany, XXI. 347.
SCHNEBELHORN, mountain, Zurich,
Switzerland, xxiv. 830.
SCHNEEBERG, mountain, Moravia, xvi.
810.
, town, Saxony, XXI. 357; bismuth
smelting at, ill. 791.
SCHNEEBERGITE, mineral, XVI. 428.
SCHNEEKOPF, mountain, Germany, xxi.
347; xxin. 332.
SCHNEEKOPPE, or Riesenkoppe, moun
tain, Germany, x. 449; xx. 552.
SCHNEIDEMUHL, town, Prussia, XXI.
416.
SCHNEIDER, Johannes (Agricola), Ger
man Reformer, I. 290; 1 1. 129.
SCHNEIDERITE, mineral, XVI. 382.
SCHNITTER, Johannes (Agricola), Ger
man Reformer, I. 290; II. 129.
SCHNORR VON KAROLSFELD, Julius,
German painter, xxi. 416.
SCHOEFFER, Johan, early German
printer, xxni. 688.
, Peter, early German printer,
xxin. 687; on early printing, xxm.
681, 684, 687.
SCHOUE MILITUM, Roman, xx. 784.
SCHOLARIUS, Georgius (Gennadius),
learned Byzantine, X. 153.
SCHOLASTICISM, in philosophy, XXI.
417; I. 35; dogmatic, VII. 340; logic of,
XIV. 791; theology of, XXIII. 241; of
Acpiinas, n. 231; of Duns Scotus, vn.
545; Ramus's opposition to, xx. 268;
Suarez's teaching, xxn. 615.
SCHOLEMASTER, The, Ascham's work,
II. 678.
SCHOLIUM, Newton's, a fourth law of
motion, xv. 715.
SCHOMBERG, Frederick Armand, duke
of, English general, XXI. 431.
SCHONBEIN, Christian Friedrich, Swiss
chemist, xxi. 432.
SCHONBRUNN, Austria, Treaty of (1809),
xvn. 215.
SCHONEBECK, town, Prussia, xxi.
432-
SCHONEBERG, suburb of Berlin, Prussia,
xxi. 432.
SCHONEMANN, Lili, friend of Goethe,
x. 727.
SCHONER, Johann, his globe, x. 68 1.
SCHONGAUER, Martin, German painter
and engraver, xxi. 432; vm. 441.
SCHONING, Gerhard, Norse historian,
xvil. 590.
SCHONKOPF, Katchen, friend of Goethe,
x. 723.
SCHONLEIN, Johann Lucas, German
physician, xv. 817.
SCHOOL BOARDS, English and Scottish,
vn. 680.
SCHOOLCRAFT, Henry Rowe, American
ethnologist, xxi. 432.
SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL, Sheridan's play,
xxi. 798.
SCHOOLMEN, Mediaeval, xxi. 417. See
Scholasticism.
SCHOOLS, vn. 670; endowed, xxi. 432;
for the blind, in. 816, 826; for the deaf
and dumb, II. 722; VII. 5; Acts relating
to, vm. 205; kindergarten, Xiv. 79;
musical conservatories, VI. 291; xvil.
83; public, law relating to, VII. 679;
reformatory and industrial, xx. 338;
technical, xxni. 105; in the Middle
Ages, xxin. 831; in France, ix. 513;
in Germany, x. 470; in London, xiv.
834; in Prussia, xx. 17; in Russia,
XXI. 71; in United States, XXIII. 828.
SCHOOL SOCIETY, British and Foreign,
its origin, xiv. 258.
SCHOOLS OF PAINTING, xxi. 433 (with
list of painters, 442).
SCHOPENHAUER, Adele, German
authoress, xxi. 453.
, Arthur, German philosopher, xxi.
448 ; x. 544 ; his ethics and pessi
mism, xvill. 688 ; on evolution, vm.
763-
, Johanna, German authoress, xxi.
453-
SCHORHAM'S PSALTER, vm. 383.
SCHORITZ, town, Riigen, Prussia, XXI.
57-
SCHORLOMITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
SCHOTT, Caspar, his aeronautic theory,
I. 1 86.
SCHOUW, Joachim Frederik, Danish
botanist, vn. 93.
SCHROCKH, Johann Matthias, on church
history, v. 765.
SCHRODER, Hugo, his telescopic glasses,
xxin. 141, 144.
SCHROETER, Christoph Gottlieb, his
pianoforte improvements, Xix. 71.
SCHROTER, Johann Hieronymus, Ger
man astronomer, xxi. 458; on the
planet Venus, II. 791; his observatory,
Lilicnthal, Bremen, xvn. 713.
SCHUBART, Daniel, German writer, x.
540.
SCHUBERT, Franz Peter, musical com
poser, xxi. 458.
XXV. — 50
394
S C H — S C 0
SCHUDY, or Tschudi, Swiss family,
xxni. 600.
, Giles, Swiss historian, XXIII. 600.
SCHUHMEISTER, J., his experiments in
magnetism, XV. 267, 268.
SCHULPFORTA, school, Xaumburg,
Germany, xvn. 249.
SCHULTE, Johaiin Friedrich, Old Catholic
leader, xvn. 755.
SCHULTENS, Albert, Dutch Orientalist,
xxi. 458; xi. 601.
• , Henry Albert, Dutch Orientalist,
xxi. 459.
, John James, Dutch Orientalist,
xxi. 459.
SCHULTZ, Michael, German musician,
xix. 656.
SCHULTZE, Max Johann Siegmund,
German anatomist, xxi. 459; on pro
toplasm, Xix. 829.
SCHULZE-DELITZSCH, Hermann, his
credit banks, vi. 214, 339.
SCHUMACHER, Heinrich Christian,
German astronomer, xxi. 459.
SCHUMANN, Robert, German musical
composer, XXI. 459; as symphonist,
XVII. 97.
SCHUPP, Balthasar, German writer, x.
53i-
SCHURMAN, Anna Maria von, Labadist,
XIV. 163.
SCHUTZ, Heinrich, German musician,
xvn. 87.
SCHUYLER, Philip, American revolu
tionary general, xxill. 790.
SCHUYLKILL, river, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xviii. 500, 736.
SCHVVABE, Samuel Heinrich, German
astronomer, xxi. 460.
SCHWABENSPIEGEL, German law code,
x. 525.
SCHWABISCHER SXADTEBUND (1376),
xxn. 729.
SCHWACH, Conrad Nicolai, Norwegian
poet, xvn. 590.
SCHWALBACH, spa, Germany, xxi. 460;
xvi. 434.
SCHWALENBERG, Counts of, German
family, XXIV. 322.
SCHWANN, Theodor, German physio
logist, xxi. 460; his cell theory, XXIV.
816; 011 embryology, vm. 166; on
fermentation, IX. 95 ; on minute
organisms, xxi. 400.
SCHWANTHALER, Lndwig Michael,
German sculptor, xxi. 460, 566.
SCHWARTZ, Christian Friedrich, German
missionary, xxi. 461.
SCHWARTZEMBERGITE, mineral, xvi.
385.
SCHWARTZERD, Philip (Melanchthoii,
q.v.), German Reformer, XV. 833.
SCHWARZ, or Schwartz, Christian
Friedrich, German missionary, xxi.
461.
SCHWARZBURG-RUDOLSTADT, princi
pality, Germany, xxi. 461.
SCHWARZBURG-SONDERSHAUSEN, prin
cipality, Germany, xxi. 461.
SCHWARZENBERG, Prince of, Austrian
field - marshal, XXI. 462 ; xvn.
220.
SCHWARZWALD, or Black Forest,
Germany, in. 795; xxiv. 699.
SCHWATKA, Lieutenant, Arctic explorer,
xix. 325.
SCHWEGLER, Albert, German philoso
phical writer, xxi. 462.
SCHWEIDNITZ, town, Prussia, XXI.
462.
SCHWEIGAARD, Anton Martin, Norwe
gian jurist, xvil. 592.
SCHWEINFURT, town, Bavaria, xxi.
462.
— GREEN, pigment, xix. 88.
SCHWEINFURTH, Georg, on the Xegro
race, XVII. 318; his researches in
Africa, I. 248.
SCHWEITZER (Helvetius), family of
Dutch physicians, XI. 642.
SCHWELM, town, Prussia, XXI. 463.
SCHWENCKFELD, Caspar, onbirds, xvin.
4-
SCHWENDENER, Simon, on lichens, xiv.
556.
SCHWENKFELD, Caspar, German mystic,
xxi. 463; xvn. 134.
SCHWERIN, town, Mecklenburg, Ger
many, xxi. 464.
SCHWIND, Moritz von, German painter,
xxi. 464.
SCHWYZ, canton, Switzerland, XXI. 464;
xxn. 781; town, xxi. 465.
SciACCA, town, Sicily, xxi. 465.
SCI^ENID/E, family of fishes, xxiv.
738.
SCIALOJA, Antonio, Italian economist,
xix. 387.
SCIATICA, disease, xvn. 364.
SCIENCE, SCIENCES, xxiv. 799; biolo
gical, in. 679; mathematical, xv. 629;
physical, xix. i ; relations of, to art,
II. 637; to logic, XIV. 781; to meta
physics, xvi. 80; to philosophy, xvin.
792; to theism, XXIII. 249; influence
of Christianity on, v. 698; delusions
of, in early times, I. 462; in relation
to the Renaissance, XX. 383, 386;
Bacon's views of, in. 214; academies
of, I. 70; scientific societies, XXII. 221,
222; xiv. 835.
— OF LEGISLATION, Filangieri's, ix.
159.
SCIENCES, "Whe well's Philosophy of the,
xxiv. 539.
SCIENZA NUOVA, Vico'.s work, xxiv.
212.
SCILLA, genus of plants, xxn. 437.
SCILLIN, SCILLIPRIN, SdLLITOXIN,
principles in squill, xxn. 437.
SCILLY ISLES, England, xxi. 465.
SCIMITAR, weapon, xxn. 801.
SCINDE, or Sind (q.v.\ province, India,
xxn. 90.
SCINDHIA (Sindhia), native prince, India,
xn. 804; xxiv. 494.
SciO, island, Asia Minor, xxi. 465.
SciOPPlUS, Gaspar, critic, xxi. 364.
SCIOPTICON LANTERN, xv. 212.
SciOTO, river, Ohio, LT.S.A., xvn. 734.
SCIPIO, Lucius, Roman consul, xxi. 467.
, Publius Cornelius, Roman general,
XXI. 466.
— , Quintus Cnecilius Metellus Pius,
Roman general, xvi. 106.
— , Shield of, Roman plate of 4th
century, xix. 181.
— AFRICANUS, the Elder, Roman
general, xxi. 467; XX. 750; his re
lations with Polybius, Xix. 412.
— AFRICANUS, the Younger, xxi.
468; xin. 766; in Spain, xxn. 306.
NASICA, Roman pontifex, xxi.
468.
SciPlOS, Inscriptions on monuments of
the, XIV. 329.
SCIRE FACIAS, in English law, XXI.
468.
SCIRON, of Greek legend, xix. 559;
xxni. 294.
SciRTOPODA, order of Rotifera, xxi. 8.
SCISSORBILL, bird, XXII. 120.
SCIURID/E, family of rodent mammals.
xv. 418; xxn. 437.
SCIUROPTERUS, genus of rodent mam
mals, xxn. 438.
SciURUS, genus of rodent mammals,
xxn. 437; xv. 418.
SCLATER, Philip Lutley, on birds,
xvin. 12, 27, 41.
SCLERENCHYMA, hardened plant cells,
XII. 15.
SCLEROBLASTS, of sponges, XXII. 420.
SCLEROTIA, tuberous bodies in Fungi,
IX. 828.
SCLEROTIC ACID, in ergot, vin. 521.
SCLEROTIC COAT, of the eyeball, i.
886.
SCLEROTITIS, eye disease, xvn. 782.
SCODRA (Scutari), town, Albania, xxi.
573-
SCOGLIO OLIVI, island, Austria, xix.
284.
SCOLARI, Paulino (Pope Clement III.),
v. 821.
SCOLASTICA, St, sister of St Benedict,
in. 558.
SCOLECITE, mineral, xvi. 423.
SCOLOPAX, genus of birds, XX. 317;
xxn. 200; xxiv. 650.
SCOLOPENDRA, genus of Myriapoda,
xvn. 119.
ScOLOPENDRELLA, genus of Myriapoda,
xvn. 120.
SCOLOTI (Scythians), ancient people,
xxi. 575.
SCOMBER, genus of fishes, xv. 159.
SCONE, ancient town, Scotland, xvin.
667; xxi. 477, 480.
SCOOPER, bird, xxn. 552.
SCOPAS, Greek sculptor, n. 360.
S C 0 — S C Y
395
SCOPASIS, Scythian sovereign, xxi. 576.
SCOPIA, town, Macedonia, xv. 137.
SCOPOLI, Giovanni Antonio, on birds,
xvni. 7.
SCOPS, genus of birds, xvni. 91.
SCOPUS, genus of birds, XXII. 577.
SCORBUTUS, or Scurvy (q.r.), disease,
xxi. 572.
SCORESBY, William, English Arctic
explorer and physicist, XXI. 468; xix.
318-
SCORODITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
SCORONCONCOLO, Italian desperado, XV.
789.
SCORPION, arachnid, II. 283.
SCORPION-FLY, insect, xin. 151.
SCORPION-GRASS, plant, ix. 414.
SCORPIONIDEA, order of Arachnida, II.
281.
SCORZONERA, vegetable, xn. 287.
SCOT, Michael, Scottish philosopher and
astrologer, xxi. 469, 427; translator
of Arabic works, II. 270; on physio
gnomy, xix. 4.
, Reginald, English writer on
witchcraft, xxi. 470.
SCOTCH PEBBLE, i. 277.
SCOTER, bird, xxi. 470.
SCOTIA, or Scotland (</.r.), xxi. 477.
, in architecture, II. 472.
SCOTICHRONICON, Fordun and Bower's,
IX. 397; xxi. 540.
SCOTISM, scholastic philosophical system,
xxi. 429; vii. 545.
SCOTLAND, xxi. 471 (index, 536);
invasion of, by William I. of Eng
land, xxiv. 576; by William IT.,
xxiv. 577; Norman settlement in,
XVII. 550; rebellion of 1745, V. 426;
Reformation in, xx. 337 ; Stuart
family, XXII. 610; union of crown
with the crown of England (1603),
XXI. 509; parliamentary union with
England (1/07), vin. 353; xvni. 308;
xxi. 518; in time of Cromwell, vi.
60 1 ; under Edward I. of England,
vn. 683; in time of Robert the Bruce,
XX. 592; Wallace's exploits in, XXIV.
326 ; agriculture during i6th and
1 7th centuries, I. 298; banking in,
in. 332; birds of, xviii. 18; Church
of, xxi. 536 ; Episcopal Church in,
vni. 489; xiv. 711; xxi. 779; Free
Church of, ix. 742; United Presby
terian Church, xxin. 727; coalfields,
vi. 52; coins, xvil. 656; cotton
manufacture, vi. 501 ; fisheries, IX.
257; forests, ix. 399; Gaelic litera
ture, v. 313 ; Gaelic topography,
X. 10; Gothic architecture, II. 428;
law of landlord and tenant, xiv. 276;
land tenure, xiv. 264; statute law,
xxii. 470; libraries, xiv. 522, 542;
mines, xvi. 467; newspapers, XVII.
422; observatories, xvn. 710; peerage,
xviii. 466; police system, xix. 341;
Presbyterianism in, xix. 679; school
system, vii. 680; universities, XXIII.
854.
SCOTLAND, Church of, xxi. 536; xxm.
727; Moderatism in, xx. 599; Chal
mers's relations to, v. 376.
— , Literature of, xxi. 540.
YARD, police headquarters, London,
xix. 338.
SCOTOPHILUS, genus of bats, xv. 411.
SCOTS, their origin, XXI. 473; xm. 244;
invasion of Roman province of Britain
l>y, iv. 353; vni. 265.
SCOTSMAN, Edinburgh newspaper, xvil.
423-
SCOTT, Alexander, early Scottish poet,
xxi. 542.
— , David, Scottish painter, XXI. 543.
, Sir George Gilbert, English archi
tect, xxi. 543.
, John (Lord Eldon), lord chancellor
of England, vii. 828.
— , or Scot, Michael, mediaeval philo
sopher, xxi. 469, 427; 11.270; xix. 4.
, Sir Walter, Scottish poet and
novelist, xxi. 544; his place in Eng
lish literature, vm. 433, 434; his
home at Abbotsford, I. 26; Lockhart's
Life of, xiv. 763.
-, William (Lord Stowell), English
judge, xxii. 580.
— , Winfield, American general, XXI.
551; xxin. 767, 770.
-, Mount, Oregon, U.S.A., xvil. 822.
SCOTTISH CHIEFS, Miss Porter's work,
xix. 527.
SCOTTISH EPISCOPAL CHURCH, its lit
urgy, xiv. 711.
SCOTTISH GUARD, in France, under
Charles VII., IX. 551.
SCOTTISH LITERATURE, xxi. 540.
SCOTUS, Johannes (Erigena), medieval
philosopher, vm. 371, 522.
, John Duns, scholastic philosopher,
vn. 545; xxi. 429; on evolution, vm.
758.
SCOURGING, as a religious discipline, ix.
280.
SCOUT, bird, XL 262; xx. 302.
SCOUTI-ALLEN, bird, xxii. 125.
SCRABER, SCRAIB, bird, XXI. 781.
SCRANTON, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
xxi. 551.
SCREAMER, bird, xxi. 552.
SCREECH-OWL, bird, xviii. 89.
SCREEN, in architecture, n. 472.
SCREW, xxi. 552; xv. 754, 759; ma
chines for manufacture of, XV. 153,
155; of Archimedes, II. 381.
SCREW-PROPELLER, of a ship, xxi.
823.
SCREW TOOLS, xi. 438.
SCRIBE, Augustin Eugene, French
dramatist, XXI. 553.
SCRIBES, Jewish, in. 641; vm. 831; xm.
419.
SCRIBLERUS CLUB, English literary
society, n. 325.
SCRIBONIUS CURIO, constructor of first
amphitheatre, I. 774.
SCRIPTORIS, Paul us, tutor of Conrad
Pellicanus, xviii. 477.
SCRIPTURE, see Bible ; inspiration of,
xm. 154.
SCRIVENER, Frederick Henry, on Codex
Bezce, I. 123.
SCRIVENER'S PALSY, disease, vi. 543.
SCROFULA, disease, xxi. 554; xvni. 405.
SCROGGS, John, Arctic explorer, xix.
318-
SCROPHULARIACE/E, group of parasitic
plants, xviii. 265.
SCRUB-BIRD, xxi. 554.
SCUDERY, Georges de, French writer.
XXI. 555.
-, Madeleine de, French novelist,
xxi. 555; ix. 659; xx. 659.
SCUIR-NA-GILLEAN, mountain, Skye,
Scotland, xxii. 127.
SCULLS, oars, xxi. 30.
SCULPTURE, xxi. 556; as a fine art, ix.
204; as illustrated on coins, XVII.
629, 633; in relation to poetry, xix.
262 ; Pindar's recognition of, xix.
101; in terra-cotta, XXill. 193, 194;
in wall decoration, xvil. 34; in wood,
xxiv. 645; Assyrian, in. 190; Greek,
II. 347; examples by Lysippus, xv.
120; Michelangelo's, xvi. 230;
Raphael's, XX. 281 ; on rocks, in
Phrygia, xvni. 850; at Selinup,
Sicily, XXI. 633; Venetian, xxiv.
156; Veronese, xxiv. 172; academies
of, I. 78; Watt's inventions for copy
ing, xxiv. 414.
SCUMBLING, in painting, xviii. 138.
SCUPI, town, Macedonia, xv. 137.
SCURVY, disease, xxi. 572; xviii. 377,
diet for, vn. 207.
SCUT AGE, knight service, in law, XX I.
572; as military tax, I. 32.
SCUTARI, town, Albania, xxi. 573; i.
448.
, province, Turkey in Europe,
xxin. 653.
, town, Turkey in Asia, xxi. 573.
-, Lake, Albania, xvi. 780.
SCUTCHER, cotton machine, vi. 491, 493.
SCUTES, of animals, xxii. 107, 108.
SCUTIGERA, genus of Myriapoda, xvil.
119.
SCUTTOCK, bird, XI. 262.
SCYLAX of Caryanda, Greek explorer,
xxi. 573.
SCYLES, Scythian king, xxi. 578.
SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS, Legend of,
xxi. 574.
SCYLLIUM, genus of sharks, xxi. 774.
SCYMNUS of Chios, Greek geographer,
xxi. 574.
SCYPHOMEDUS/E, subclass of Hydrozra,
XII. 555.
SCYROS, island, ^Egean Sea, XXI. 574.
SCYRRI, Teutonic tribes, xvn. 726.
SCYTALID^E, family of snakes, xx. 193.
390
S C Y — S E D
SCYTALOPUS, genus of birds, xxm.
49-
SCYTHE, reaping implement, xxi. 574.
SCYTHIA, ancient region, Europe and
Asia, xxi. 575; expedition of Darius
I. against, xvm. 570.
SCYTHIAN LANGUAGE, xvm. 779.
SCYTHIANS, ancient people, Europe and
Asia, xxi. 575; in India, XII. 788; in
vasion of Palestine by, xm. 415; then-
inroads into Persian empire, xvm.
563> 570, 594, 599> 603; in Russia,
xxi. 78.
SEA, xxi. 578; x. 221, 283; colour of,
xiv. 600; depths of, in. 17; xn. 821;
XVIII. 121 ; distribution of animals
in, VII. 276; phosphorescence of,
XVIII. 814; appliances for sounding,
XXII. 280; temperature, VI. 4: xvi.
116, 132; xvm. 119; xxm. 291;
tides, xxm. 353; water, xxi. 611;
vii. 263; x. 221; waves, xxiv. 419.
See also Atlantic, Pacific, etc.
SEA-ANEMONES, group of Actinozoa,
i. 129; vi. 369.
SEA-BEAR, carnivorous mammal, xv.
443-
SEA-BREAM, fish, xn. 688.
SEA BRIGHT, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.,
xvii. 397.
SEA-CAT, fish, xxi. 614.
SEA-Cow, cetacean mammal, xv. 390.
SEA-CUCUMBER, echinoderm, in. 477;
vn. 639; xx. 411.
SEA-DEVIL, fish, vn. 138; ix. 269; xn.
686; xx. 300.
SEADYAH, Jewish rabbi and scholar,
xxi. 120.
SEA-EAGLE, bird, vn. 589.
SEA-ELEPHANT, carnivorous mammal,
xv. 444.
SEA FISHERIES, ix. 243.
SEAFORD, town, Sussex, England, xxn.
724.
SEA-HARE, mollusc, xvi. 656.
SEA-HEDGEHOG, fish, x. 685 ; xn.
694.
SEA-HORSE, fish, xxi. 579.
SEA-ISLANDS, Georgia, U.S.A., x. 434.
SEA-KALE, vegetable, xn. 287.
SEAL, carnivorous mammal, xxi. 580;
XV. 443; oil, xvn. 744, 747; exter
mination of seals, xix. 126; consump
tion of the flesh by Eskimos, VIII. 545;
fishery, xxi. 581 ; Newfoundland
fishery, xvn. 384; skins of, IX. 839;
xiv. 388; xxi. 583.
— , Engraved, xxi. 586; gems, x. 136;
in heraldry, XI. 683, 707.
SEA LAWS, xxi. 583.
SEA-LEOPARD, carnivorous mammal,
xv. 443.
SEA-LETTER, passport, xvni. 344.
SEA-LEVEL, xxn. 708.
SEALING WAX, xxi. 586; xxiv. 459.
SEA-LION, carnivorous mammal, xv.
443-
SEALKOTE (Sialkot), town, India, xxi.
850.
SEALS, Engraved, xxi. 586; gems, x.
136; in heraldry, XL 683, 707.
SEAL-SKINS, ix. 839; xiv. 388; xxi.
583.
SEAMANSHIP, xxi. 589; xvn. 246;
signals in, xxn. 49.
SEAMAN'S PRACTICES, by Eichard Nor
wood, xvn. 256.
SEAMAN'S SECRETS, by John Davis,
xvn. 254.
SEAMEN, Laws relating to, xxi. 605.
SEAMEN'S TERMS, Glossary of, xxi. 603.
SEAN, or Seine, fishing net, IX. 253.
SEANCE, Spiritualistic, xxn. 405.
SEANG-TANG, town, China, v. 637.
SEA-OTTER, carnivorous mammal,
xvni. 69.
SEA-PARROT, bird, xx. 101.
SEA-PENS, group of Actinozoa, I. 129;
phosphorescence of, xvni. 814.
SEA-PIE, bird, xvni. m.
SEAPORTS, Law of, XL 471.
SEARCH, Right of, Maritime, XXI. 608.
WARRANT, xxiv. 371.
SEARS, Edmund H., American hymn-
writer, xn. 596.
SEA SALT, xxi. 228.
SEASALTER, town, England, xxiv. 555.
SEA-SERPENT, xxi. 608.
SEA-SICKNESS, xxi. 610.
SEASIDE AND THE FIRESIDE, The,
poems by Longfellow, xiv. 86 1.
SEA-SLATER, crustacean, vi. 658.
SEA-SLUGS, group of Echinodermata,
vn. 639.
SEA-SNAKES, xxn. 197.
SEASONS, of the year, n. 773.
— , The, Haydn's oratorio, XL 539.
•, The, Thomson's poem, xxm. 311.
SEA-SWALLOW, bird, xxm. 189.
SEA TERMS, Glossary of, xxi. 603.
SEATHWAITE FELLS, mountain, Eng
land, xiv. 252.
SEA-TROUT, fish, xxi. 222.
SEATS, furniture, ix. 848.
SEATTLE, town, Washington Territory,
U.S.A., xxi. 610.
SEA-UNICORN, cetacean mammal, xv.
398; xvn. 235.
SEA-URCHINS, group of Echinodermata,
vn. 629; xx. 411.
SEA- WATER, xxi. 611; x. 221; distilla
tion of, vn. 263; highest temperature
of, xvni. 119.
SEA-WEED, as manure, i. 350; drying
of, i. 508.
SEA-WOLF, fish, xxi. 614.
SEB, Egyptian divinity, vn. 716.
SEBALD, St, Shrine of, at Nuremberg,
Bavaria, xvn. 663.
SEBASTEIA, or Sebaste (Sivas), ancient
town, Asia Minor, xxn. 103.
SEBASTIAN, St, Roman martyr, xxi.
614.
— , Dom, king of Portugal, Xix. 546.
SEBASTIANO DEL PIOMBO, Venetian
painter, xxi. 615.
SEBASTIYA (Samaria), village, Palestine,
xxi. 243.
SEBASTOPOL, town, Crimea, Russia, xxi.
616; VI. 586; siege of (1854-55), vni.
366; ix. 457; xxi. 102; xxm. 431.
SEBASTOS (George Paheologus), Byzan
tine noble, xvni. 165.
SEBEK, Egyptian divinity, vii. 718.
SEBENICO, town, Dalmatia, Austria,
XXI. 616.
SEBEZH, town, Russia, xxiv. 262.
SEBKHA, lake, Algeria, i. 563.
TIGHRI, lake, Morocco, xvi. 832.
SEBOKHT, Severus, Syriac writer, xxn.
839-
SEBORRHCEA, skin disease, xxn. 120.
SEBU, river, Morocco, xvi. 832.
SECALE, genus of plants, xxi. 117.
SECANT, in trigonometry, xxm. 563.
SECCHI, Angelo, Italian astronomer,
xxi. 616.
SECENTISMO, SECENTISTI, The, in
Italian literature, xin. 511.
SECESSION, in United States (1860),
xxm. 772.
— CHURCH, Scotland, vni. 528; xv.
132; xix. 685; xxm. 727.
SECKENDORF, German noble family,
xxi. 616.
-, Veit Ludwig von, German jurist,
xxi. 616.
SECOND, unit of time, xv. 668.
ADVENTISTS, American relieious
sect, xvi. 320.
SECONDARY ROCKS, in geology, x. 352.
SECOND-SIGHT, 11. 204.
, conjuring trick, xv. 208.
SECRETARIES OF STATE, British, xvi.
473; vni. 638; of United States, xxm.
750.
SECRETARIUS, genus of birds, xxi. 617.
SECRETARY-BIRD, xxi. 617; i. 259.
SECRETIONS, Alimentary, xvn. 671.
, Diseases of the, xvni. 377.
SECRETIVENESS, in phrenolo^v, xvni.
845.
SECRET MARRIAGE, opera by Cinmrosa,
v. 779.
SECULAR GAMES, Roman, xxi. 618.
SECUNDERABAD, Indian cantonment,
xxi. 618.
SECUNDUS, Talent inian theologian,
xxiv. 38.
, Johannes, Dutch poet, xxi. 618.
SEDAINE, Michel Jean, French drama
tist, xxi. 618.
SEDALIA, town, Missouri, U.S.A., xxi.
619.
SEDAN, town, France, xxi. 619; battle
of (1870), ix. 627; x. 513; xvn.
229.
SEDARIM, divisions of the Mislmah,
xvi. 505.
SEDDON, Thomas, English painter, xxi.
619.
S E D — S E L
397
SEDENTARIA, suborder of Protozoa,
xix. 863.
SEDER OLAM, Midrashim, xvi. 286.
SEDEYR, province, Arabia, II. 239.
SEDGE-BIRD, xxiv. 366.
SEDGEMOOR, Somerset, England, xxn.
257-
SEDGWICK, Adam, English geologist,
xxi. 619.
SEDILIA, in architecture, II. 472.
SEDITION, in law, xxi. 619; in. United
States law, xxm. 756.
SEDLEY, Sir Charles, English poet and
wit, xxi. 620; xviii. 347.
SE-DOM, river, Cambodia, Asia, xv.
832.
SEDOMIERZ (Sandomir), town, Russian
Poland, xxi. 259.
SEDUCTION, in law, xxi. 620.
SEDULIUS, Ccelius, early Christian poet,
xxi. 621 ; xii. 582; language and
style of, xiv. 339.
SEDUM, genus of plants, xxi. 621.
SEE, Bishop's, in. 787.
SEEBECK, Ludwig F. W. A., his syren,
i. 109.
, Thomas Johann, on photography,
XVIII. 822.
SEEBSAUGOR, town, India, xxn. 13.
SEED, SEEDS, of plants, iv. 153; forma
tion of, xx. 430; plants raised from,
I. 86; transportation of, x. 266; agri
cultural, I. 383; adulterations of, I.
175-
- CORN, i. 354.
SEER, of Scripture, Xix. 814.
SEEROEE (Sirohi), state and town,
India, XXII. 98.
SEELAND, or Zealand, province, Hol
land, xxiv. 771.
SEES, town, France, xxi. 621.
SEETZEN, Ulrich Jasper, German Orien
tal traveller, xxi. 621.
SEFID RUD, river, Persia, xin. 213.
SEFTENBERG, Baron von, his observa
tory, Bohemia, xvn. 713.
SE-GAN Foo, town, China, xxi. 621; v.
637-
SEGARELLI, Gerhard, of Parma, founder
of a sect of Apostolici, n. 198.
SEGESTA, ancient town, Sicily, xxi.
622; I. 458.
SEGESVAR, town, Transylvania, Hun
gary, xxi. 387
SEGMENT SHELL, Armstrong, ammuni
tion, i. 744.
SEGNER, Johann Andreas von, on sur
face-tension of liquids, v. 56.
SEGNERI, Paolo, Jesuit, opponent of
Molinos, xvi. 631.
SEGO, town, Central Africa, I. 271 ; XXII.
279.
SEGODUNUM (Rodez), ancient town,
France, xx. 617.
SEGOVIA, province, Spain, xxi. 622.
— , town, Spain, xxi. 623; aqueduct
at, n. 221 ; church of St Millan, n. 432.
SEGOVIA, river, Honduras, xn. 130.
SEGUIN, Armand, on mechanical equi
valent of heat, vin. 208.
SEGUR, pass, India, xvn. 509.
SEGURA, river, Spain, xvn. 52.
, Manuel, Peruvian poet, XVin. 676.
SEGUSIO, town, Italy, xxn. 722.
SEHARUNPOOR (Saharanpur), district,
India, xxi. 151; town, xxi. 152.
SEICHES, periodic changes in lake-levels,
xiv. 220.
SEIDEL, Philipp Ludwig, his work in
celestial photometry, xvin. 841.
SEIDLITZ POWDERS, i. 184; xxin. 69.
SEIFHENNERSDORF, town, Saxony, XL
655-
SEIGNIORAGE, charge on coining, xvi.
725.
SEIGNORIAL DOMAINS, i. 414.
SEIGNORY, lordship of manor, XXI. 623.
SEILUN (Shiloh), town, Palestine, xxi.
803.
SEINE, department, France, xxi. 624.
-, river, France, xxi. 623; IX. 506;
xvin. 275, 285; improvement works,
xx. 579.
, fishing net, IX. 253.
SEINE-ET-MARNE, department, France,
xxi. 624.
SEINE-ET-OISE, department, France,
xxi. 625.
SEINE lNFERlEURE,department,France,
xxi. 625.
SEINV, town, Russian Poland, xxn.
728.
SEIR, of Scripture, vin. 533.
SEISIN, in English law, XXI. 626.
SEISMOLOGY, science of earthquakes, vn.
608.
SEISMOMETER, SEISMOGRAPH, for mea
suring earth-movements, XXI. 626;
vn. 611.
SEISTAN, or Sistan, district, Persia,
xvin. 627; xxn. 100.
SEJANUS, minister of Tiberius, xxin.
337-
SE-KEANG, river, China, v. 632.
SEKHET, Egyptian divinity, vn. 718.
SEKLUCYAN, John, Polish writer, xix.
301.
SEKWATI, river, North Borneo, XXI. 123.
SELA, of Scripture, xvin. 706.
SELACHE, genus of sharks, xxi. 608,
777-
SELACHOIDEI, group of fishes, xn. 685;
xxi. 774.
SELAGINELLA, genus of club-mosses, ix.
107; xv. 94.
SELAMA, Abulkhair, Druse saint, vn.
484.
SELANGOR, district, Malay Peninsula,
xv. 322; xxn. 587.
— , river, Malay Peninsula, XV. 321.
SELARU, island, Timor Laut group,
Indian Archipelago, xxin. 398.
SELBORNE, Natural History of, White's,
xxiv. 549.
SELBY, town, England, xxi. 630.
, Prideaux John, his illustrations of
birds, XVIII. 13, 1 8.
SELDEN, John, English jurist, xxi. 630;
Table Talk of, i. 785.
SELECTION, Natural, xxiv. 77.
, Subjective, in psychology, xx. 73.
SELENGA, plateau, Siberia, xxn. 2;
river, xxn. 5; xxin. 510.
SELENGHINSK, town, Siberia, xxin.
511.
SELENIC ACID, v. 506.
SELENITE, mineral, xvi. 396, 401; its
colours, xxiv. 450.
SELENIUM, chemical element, xxi. 63 1 ;
v. 498; XVI. 380; alcohols and ethers
of, v. 553.
SELENODERA, genus of birds, XXIIL
477-
SELENODONTA, division of ungulate
Mammalia, xv. 430.
SELENOGNATHUS, genus of fishes, xxi.
580.
SELENSULPHUR, mineral, xvi. 380.
SELENTER SEE, lake, Schleswig-Hol-
stein, Germany, xxi. 414.
SELEUCIA, town, Mesopotamia, xxi.
632; xvi. 51; xvin. 587, 601, 604.
, town, Cilicia, Asia Minor, xxi.
632.
SELEUCID./E, Era of the, v. 715.
SELEUCID DYNASTY, of Macedonian
empire, xvin. 585; xin. 420; coins
of, xvn. 649.
SELEUCUS I., Macedonian king of Persia
and Syria, xvin. 585; xv. 142.
II.-III., of Persia and Syria, XVIII.
IV., Philopator, of Persia and
Syria, xvin. 589; xin. 420.
SELF-COMPLACENCY, Psychological ana
lysis of, xx. 70.
SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS, in psychology,
XVI. 92; XX. 39, 70, 83; Locke on,
Xiv. 758.
SELF-ESTEEM, in phrenology, xvin.
845.
SELIGER, Lake, Russia, xxin. 672.
SELIM I., Turkish sultan, xxin. 642,
656; his war with Persia, xvin. 635.
II., Turkish sultan, xxm. 644;
conquest of Tunis by, xxin. 621.
III., Turkish sultan, xxin. 648.
CHISTI, Tomb of, India, ix. 51.
SELIMNIA, town, Turkey in Europe,
XXII. 1 60.
SELINUS, Greek town, Sicily, xxi. 633;
XXII. 18; metopes of the acropolis of,
n. 349; terra-cotta remains at, xxin.
193-
SELJUKS, Turkish dynasties of, xxi.
634; xxin. 656, 660; occupation of
Asia Minor by, n. 713; invasion of
the Greek empire by, XL 118; fall of
the empire of, xxin. 640.
SELKIRK, county and town, Scotland,
xxi. 638.
398
S E L — S E P
SELKIRK, Earl of, his colony in Canada,
xx. 315.
, Alexander, prototype of Robinson
Crusoe, xxi. 639; xin. 758.
SELLASIA, Greece, Battle of (221), xvin.
790.
SELLER, in law, xxi. 205, 206.
SELLING, William, early English scholar,
vin. 414.
SELMA, town, Alabama, U.S.A., xxi.
SELTERS, spa, Germany, xvi. 436.
SEM, river, Montenegro, xvi. 780.
SEMANG, race of people, Malacca, xv.
323-
SEMAPHORE, for signals, xxn. 49.
SEMBERA, Alois, Bohemian historical
writer, XXII. 153.
SEMECHONITIS, or Merom, lake, Pales
tine, xin. 746.
SEMEISKIYE, Nonconformists in Eastern
Siberia, xxm. 510.
SEMENDER, ancient Khazar town,
Russia, xiv. 59.
SEMENDRIA, town, Servia, xxi. 688.
SEMIGALLIA, tribe, Lithuania, xiv. 702.
SEMINOLES, American-Indian tribe,
xn. 831, 835; war against, in Florida,
IX. 341.
SEMIPALATINSK, province and town,
Russian Central Asia, xxi. 639.
SEMIPELAGIANISM, theological doctrine,
xvin. 472.
SEMIRAMIDE, Gluck's opera, x. 694.
SEMIRAMIS, Legend of, xxi. 639.
SEMIRYETCHENSK, province, Russian
Turkestan, xxi. 640.
SEMITES, ethnological group, n. 697,
698; xxi. 641, 643.
SEMITIC ALPHABETS, i. 608.
SEMITIC INSCRIPTIONS, xin. 116.
SEMITIC LANGUAGES, xxi. 641; xvin.
778; xxiv. 740; dictionaries of, vn.
189.
SEMITONES, in music, xvn. 78.
SEMLER, Johann Salomo, German
Biblical critic, xxi. 656; xx. 290; on
the canon, v. 15.
SEMLIN, town, Austria-Hungary, xxi.
657.
SEMN^E, or Furies, Altar of, at Athens,
in. 2. See also ix. 840; vin. 524.
SEMNOPITHECUS, genus of apes, n. 151.
SEMOLINA, article of food, xv. 125.
SEMONIDES (Sinionides) of Amorgos,
Greek poet, xxn. 83; xxi. 318.
SEMPACH, Switzerland, Battle of (1386),
xv. 40; xxn. 784.
— , Lake, Switzerland, xxn. 777.
SEMPER, Gottfried, German architect,
xxi. 657.
SEMPERVIVUM, genus of plants, xn.
3'7-
SEMPLE, Robert, early Scottish poet,
xxi. 542.
SEMPRINGHAM, St Gilbert of, English
monk, x. 593.
SE-MUN, river, Cambodia, Asia, xv.
832.
SENAAR, country, East Central Africa,
xxi. 657.
SENAC, Jean Baptist e, French physician,
xv. 815.
SENACULUM, meeting place, ancient
Rome, xx. Si 6.
SENA GALLICA (Sinigaglia), ancient
town, Italy, XXII. 94.
SENANCOUR, Etienne Pivert cle, French
man of letters, XXI. 658.
SENARMONTITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
SENATE, Roman, xx. 733, 738, 755, 772,
784, 793) 795-
— , of the United States, XXIII.
749-
SENCHUS MOR, ancient Irish code, iv.
252.
SENEBIER, Jean, Swiss vegetable-physio
logist, xxi. 658.
SENECA, Lake, New York, U.S.A., xvn.
451.
, Lucius Annams, Roman rhetorician
and philosopher, XXI. 658; VII. 410;
xx. 725; xxil. 572; his economic
teaching, xix. 350; his influence on
Nero, xvii. 348 ; his death, xvn. 350;
language and style of, xiv. 337.
FALLS, town, New York, U.S.A.,
xxi. 659.
SENECIO, genus of plants, XL 221.
SENEFELDER, Alois, discoverer of the
art of lithography, xiv. 697.
SENEGAL, French colony, West Africa,
xxi. 660 ; Adanson's exploration of,
I. 144.
— , river, West Africa, xxi. 660; I.
SENEGAMBIA, country, West Africa,
xxi. 661; i. 268.
SENESCHAL, Royal, England, xxi. 36.
SENEX, J., his map of London (1720),
xiv. 849.
SENGEL, or Senguer, river, Patagonia,
xvm. 353.
SENGORA, district, Malay Peninsula,
xv. 322.
SEN i A VINE ISLANDS, group of Caroline
Islands, Pacific, v. 126.
SENIGALLIA (Sinigaglia), town, Italy,
XXIL 94.
SENIOR, Nassau William, English econo
mist, xxi. 663; xix. 377.
SENKERAH, Tablets of, Babylonia,
Numerals in, xvn. 626.
SENLAC, or Hastings, England, Battle
of (1066), vin. 291; xi. 486; xxn.
725; xxiv. 575.
SENLIS, town, France, xxi. 664; xvn.
749-
SENNA, drug, xxi. 664; n. 237.
, town on Zambesi river, Africa,
xxiv. 765.
SENNACHERIB, king of Assyria, in.
187; xin. 414; palaces of, at Nineveh,
xvn. 512.
SENNAR (Senaar), country, East Central
Africa, xxi. 657.
SENOFERU, king of Egypt, vn. 732.
SENORA, province, Mexico, xvi. 214.
SENS, town, France, xxi. 665; council
of (i 140), i. 35; in. 602.
SENSATION, in physiology, xix. 27;
xxm. 478; in psychology, xx. 40, 50,
67; in psycho-physics, xxiv. 469;
xxm. 481 ; in philosophy of Condillac,
VI. 251; of Democritus, vn. 60; of
Hartley, xi. 498; of Locke, xiv. 758;
of the Stoics, xxn. 565.
SENSE, distinguished from understand
ing, xx. 75; in Eleatic philosophy,
vin. i ; in Cudworth's, VI. 691 ; in
Descartes' s, v. 147; in Locke's, xiv.
753.
— , Moral, or Conscience (7.^.), vin.
600.
SENSE-ORGANS, in man, i. 884; in
Amphibia, I. 766; in birds, in. 725;
in fishes, xn. 652; in mammals, xv.
366; in reptiles, xx. 461; in. 725.
SENSITIVE PLANT, xvi. 345; xix. 62.
SENSORY NERVES, xix. 27; how aifected
by the hypnotic condition, xv. 279.
SENTENCES OF ALI, collection of Arabian
proverbs, I. 572.
SENTENTIARUM MAGISTER (Peter Lom
bard, f/.i\), xiv. 813.
SENTIMENTS, Phrenological organs of,
xvin. 845.
SENTINUM, Italy, Battle of (295 B.C.),
xx. 743.
SENUSI, Mohammed el, Moslem mahdi,
North Africa, xxi. 151; xxm. 575.
SEONI, or Seonee, district and town,
India, xxi. 665.
SEOUL, town, Corea, vi. 391.
SEPALS, of plants, iv. 131.
SEPHARADIC RITUAL, of the Jews, xv.
293-
SEPHARDIM, division of the Jews, xin.
683.
SEPHER YEZIRAH, Midrash, xvi. 286.
SEPHIROTH, The Ten, of the Kabbalah,
xin. 811.
SEPIA, genus of molluscs, xvi. 669, 673.
-, pigment, xxi. 666; xix. 88; from
the cuttlefish, vi. 737.
SEPIOLITE, mineral, xv. 825.
SEPOLCRI, Ugo Foscolo's poem, ix. 472;
xin. 513.
SEPOY, native Indian soldier, XXI. 666;
II. 590; sepoy mutiny (1857), n. 591;
XII. 809.
SEPT, tribal division, V. 799.
SEPT ATA, order of Protozoa, xix. 853.
SEPTEMBER, month, xxi. 666.
SEPTEM MARIA, lagoons, North-Eastern
Italy, xin. 436.
SEPTIC/EMIA, disease, xxi. 666; xvin.
401; xxn. 678.
SEPTIMANIA, ancient province, France,
xiv. 287.
SEPTUAGINT, Greek version of the Old
S E P — S E T
399
Testament, xxi. 667; III. 641; V. 5;
xxii. 824.
SEPULCHRE, Easter, in architecture, u.
472.
, The Holy, xxi. 670.
, Canons Regular of the Holy, xxi.
670.
, Knights of the Holy, xxi. 670.
SEPULCHRES, Ancient American, n. 45 1 ;
for mummies, xvil. 20.
SEQUANA (Seine), river, France, xxi.
623-
SEQUANI, Celtic tribe of ancient Gaul,
X. III.
SEQUENCES, in mediaeval hymnology,
xii. 583.
SEQUESTRATION, in Scots law, in. 344.
SEQUOIA, genus of trees, xxi. 673; ix.
405; xxiii. 809.
SERA, capital of China in Ptolemy's
geography, XX. 93.
, convent at Lhasa, Tibet, xiv. 501.
SERAFI, Pere, Catalan poet, xxn. 364.
SERAGLIO, or Harem, XL 478.
SERAIEVO, or Bosna Serai, town, Bosnia,
iv. 68.
SERAING, town, Belgium, xxi. 674.
SERAJGUNJ (Sirajganj), town, India,
xxn. 95.
SERAMPUR, town, India, xxi. 674.
SERANG, town, Java, xm. 605.
SERAPEUM, temple, near Memphis,
Egypt, xxi. 674; 11. 387.
— LIBRARY, at Alexandria, Egypt,
xiv. 510.
SERAPHIM, of Scripture, xxi. 674.
SERAPION, Alexandrian physician, XV.
Soi.
SERAPIS (Apis), of Egyptian mythology,
xxi. 674; u. 173; vii. 717.
SERBAL (Mount Sinai), Arabia, xxii.
QQ
OO.
SERBAN, Cantacuzene, voivode of "Wal-
achia, xxi. 17.
SERBONIS, Lake, Egypt, vn. 709.
SERBS, race of people, xxi. 688; xxn.
147, 154.
SERCAMBI, Giovanni, Italian writer,
xm. 505.
SERCIAL, variety of Madeira wine, xv.
178; xxiv. 609.
SERDOBOL, monastery, Finland, xxiv.
209.
SERDOBSK, town, Russia, xxi. 305.
SERENA, town, Chili, xxi. 674.
SERENDIB, or Ceylon (?.#.), v. 364.
SERENUS of Antissa, Greek geometer,
xxi. 675.
SERERE, people of Senegambia, xxi.
662.
SERES, ancient name for the Chinese, v.
627; xvni. 590.
— , town, Turkey in Europe, XXI. 675.
SERETH, river, Roumania, xxi. 14.
SERFDOM, xxn. 134; economic aspects
of, xix. 352; in relation to labour,
xiv. 165; in Russia, xiv. 262; xxi.
82, 100; xxii. 143; abolition of, in
Russia, xxi. 102.
SERGARDI, Ludovico, Sienese satirist,
xxii. 43.
SERGEANT-AT-ARMS, in royal house
hold, England, xxi. 37.
S ERG ELL, Tobias, Swedish sculptor,
xxi. 570.
SERGHIEVSK, spa, Russia, xxi. 243.
SERGHIEVSKIY POSAD, town, Russia,
xxi. 675.
SERGIUS, St, Syrian martyr, xxi. 676.
- I.-IV., popes, xxi. 676.
, patriarch of Constantinople, XVI.
758.
— , Paulician teacher, xvni. 434.
, Russian monk, xxi. 676.
of Rasain, Syriac writer, XXI I.
833-
SERICE, ancient name for China, v.
627.
SERICIN, silk albumen, xxn. 61.
SERICULTURE, art of rearing silkworms,
xxii. 58.
SERIEMA, bird, xxi. 676.
SERIES, Mathematical, xxi. 677; xxiv.
71; in algebra, I. 561; in trigono
metry, xxiii. 569; tables of, xxm. 14.
SERIGRAPH, indicator of grades of silk,
xxn. 62.
SERIN, bird, ix. 192.
, faubourg of Lyons, France, xv.
no.
SERINGAPATAM, town, India, xxi. 682;
XVIL 124.
SERINGHAM, town, India, xxn. 438.
SERIOLA, genus of fishes, xxiv. 738.
SERIPHUS, of Greek legend, xvni. 560.
SERJEANT-AT-LAW, xxi. 682; in. 394.
SERJEANTS' INN, legal society, London,
xm. 87.
SERJEANTV, Grand, tenure of land, xx.
305, 307-
SERMON ON THE MOUNT, xm. 664.
SERNIN, St, French martyr, xxm. 485.
SEROUS MEMBRANES, Anatomy of, i.
848.
SERPENT, SERPENTS, xxn. 189. See
Snakes.
, musical instrument, XVII. 778;
xxiv. 788.
, in Genesis, i. 135; vn. 136; in
Gnosticism, x. 703; in Physiologus,
xix. 7. See also articles Mythology
and Totemism.
SERPENTARIUS, genus of birds, xxi.
617.
SERPENTINE, mineral, xxi. 682; x.
228, 232; xv. 217; xvi. 414.
SERPUKHOFF, town, Russia, xxi. 683.
SERRA, Antonio, Italian economist, xix.
357-
SERRADO, Monte, Spain, xvi. 797.
SERRANO, Francisco, Spanish minister,
xxn. 346.
SERRES, town, Turkey in Europe, xxi.
675-
SERRICORNES, group of beetles, vi. 132.
SERTORIUS, Quintus, Roman general
and statesman, xxi. 684; xix. 451;
XX. 762; in Spain, xxn. 306.
SERTULARIA, genus of Hydrozoa, xn.
547-
SERUG (Seruj), town, Mesopotamia, xvi.
48.
SERVAL, carnivorous mammal, xv. 435.
SERVANT, Master and, Legal relations of,
xv. 620; xiv. 165; in Roman law,
xx. 688, 704.
— OF JEHOVAH, in Isaiah, xm. 382.
SERVETUS, Michael, or Miguel Serveto,
Spanish physician and polemic, xxi.
684; on the circulation of the blood,
I. 810; on the pulmonary circulation,
xxiv. 95; his relations with Calvin,
IV. 718.
SERVIA, kingdom, Eastern Europe, xxi.
686; Greek Church of, XL 157; lan
guage, XXII. 147, 150; newspapers,
xvn. 432; periodical literature, xvni.
544; under Czerny George, vi. 754.
SERVIAN ALPHABET, i. 614.
SERVIAN LANGUAGE, xxn. 147, 150;
dictionaries of, vn. 188.
SERVIAN LITERATURE, xxi. 689; xvni.
544-
SERVIAN WALL, at Rome, xx. 731, 734,
813-
SERVICE, tree and fruit, xn. 276.
SERVIODURUM (Straubing), Roman sta
tion, Germany, xxn. 591.
SERVITES, monastic order, xxi. 692.
SERVITUDE, in law, xix. 560.
SERVIUS, commentator on Virgil, xxi.
692; his place in Roman literature,
xx. 726.
- TULLIUS, king of Rome, xxi. 692;
xx. 734; his reforms in Roman law,
xx. 676.
SERVO-CROATS, race of Slav people,
xxn. 145, 147.
SERVOIS, his anticipation of quater
nions, xx. 161.
SESAME, plant, XXI. 693; oil from, xvn.
745-
CAKE, xvn. 739.
SESIA, liver, Italy, xm. 435.
SESOSTRIS, legendary Egyptian king,
xxi. 693; his armies, n. 559.
SESSA, town, Italy, xxi. 693.
SESSE, lake island, Africa, xvn. 504.
SESSION, Court of, supreme court of
law, Scotland, xxi. 535.
SESSIONS OF THE PEACE, English law
court, xx. 159.
SESTERTIUS, Roman coin, xvn. 652.
SETEE, king of Egypt, vn. 738.
SETH, or Set, Egyptian divinity, vn.
715, 7i7-
SETHEUM, temple, Egypt, vn. 779.
SETHIANI, Gnostic sect, x. 703.
SETTER, dog, vn. 328.
SETTLE, Elkanah, English poet and
playwright, xxi. 693.
400
S E T — S H A
SETTLED LAND ACT (1882), England,
xxi. 695.
SETTLEMENT, in law, xxi. 693 ; its
influence on agriculture, I. 409.
, Act of, of English crown (1701),
xxi. 696.
— OF THE POOR, XIX. 467, 478.
SETTONS, Lac des, lake, France, xvil.
495-
SETUBAL, town, Portugal, XXI. 697.
SEU-CHOW (Su-Chow), town, China,
xxii. 617.
SEURUGA, fish, xxn. 612.
SEVASTOPOL, or Sebastopol (q.v.), town,
Crimea, Kussia, xx I. 616.
SEVELLAN, mountain, Persia, in. 168.
SEVEN CAPES, North Africa, xvn.
627.
SEVEN CHAMPIONS OF CHRISTENDOM,
romance, XX. 659.
SEVEN CHURCHES, Glendalough, Ire
land, xxiv. 558.
SEVEN CITIES, Island of, fabulous island,
iv. 241.
SEVEN DEADLY SINS, The, in mediaeval
ecclesiastical ethics, vni. 592.
SEVENOAKS, town, England, xxi. 697.
SEVEN SEAS, lagoons, North-East Italy,
xiii. 436.
SEVEN SLEEPERS OF EPHESUS, The,
legend, xxi. 697.
SEVENTH-DAY BAPTISTS, American
sect, vn. 543.
SEVEN WEEKS' WAR (1866), between
Austria and Prussia, III. 140; X. 511.
SEVEN YEARS' WAR (1756-63), in. 127;
vni. 356; ix. 588; x. 503; xx. 10;
xxi. 355.
SEVERN, river, England and Wales, xxi.
698; vni. 216; xvi. 788; xxi. 847;
tunnel under, xxm. 623.
, Joseph, English painter, xxi. 698.
SEVERUS, of Alexandria, Greek roman-
cist, xx. 636.
• , Lucius Septimius, Roman em
peror, XXI. 698; xx. 773, 776; in
Britain, IV. 353; in Scotland, IV. 663;
xxi. 472; in Mesopotamia, xvni. 605;
palace of, at Rome, xx. 824.
, Marcus Aurelius Alexander, Roman
emperor, xxi. 701.
, Sulpicius, early Christian writer,
xxi. 702.
SEBOKHT, Syriac writer, xxn.
839-
SEVERY, in architecture, II. 473.
SEVIGNE, Charles de, son of Madame de
Sevigne, xxi. 704.
, Marquise de, French writer, XXI.
703; IX. 660.
SEVILLE, province, Spain, xxi. 707;
xxn. 298.
• , town, Spain, XXI. 708; libraries,
xiv. 549; sculptures, xxi. 567; uni
versity, xxm. 839, 851; Murillo's
connexion with, xvil. 56.
ORANGES, XVIL 812.
SEVO, Pizzo di, mountain, Italy, xiii. 437.
SEVRES, town, France, xxi. 710, 625;
porcelain works at, XIX. 637.
, Deux-, department, France, XXI.
710.
SEVRI-HISSAR, town, Asiatic Turkey,
xvni. 691.
SEWAGE, xxi. 711; ammonia of, xvn.
516; as manure, I. 344; irrigation of
meadows with, I. 374.
SEW AN, town, India, xxi. 304.
SEWARD, William Henry, American
statesman, xxi. 710.
SEWEN, fish, xxi. 222.
SEWER, SEWERS, Construction of, xxi.
713; for houses, IV. 467.
SEWERAGE, xxi. 711; of London, xiv.
826; of Paris, xvni. 280.
SEWING MACHINES, xxi. 718; for shoe-
making, xxi. 831.
SEX, xxi. 720; xx. 407; in relation to
natural selection, xxiv. 82; in relation
to suicide, XXII. 631; sex totems,
xxm. 471; in animals, XX. 407; in
plants, I. 619; IV. Si, 135; XX. 424.
See also Sexes.
SEXAGESIMAL NUMBERS, Tables of,
xxm. 9.
SEXCENTENARY NUMBERS, Tables of,
xxm. 9.
SEXES, Proportion of, in population,
xix. 514.
SEXTANT, for measuring angles, xxi.
724; xvil. 268; invention of, x. 187;
principle of, Xiv. 586.
SEXTIUS, L., Roman consul, xx. 738.
SEXTUS EMPIRICUS, on scepticism,
xxi. 381.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION, in animals,
xx. 407 ; in plants, XX. 424. See
Reproduction.
SEYBOUSE, river, Algeria, I. 563.
SEYCHELLES, archipelago, Indian
Ocean, xxi. 725; xv. 642.
SEYED MOHAMMED ALI, founder of
Babism (q.v.), in. 180.
SEYMOUR, Lord, of Sudeley, English
admiral, II. 544 ; vn. 686 ; his
love passages with the Princess Eliza
beth, viil. 142.
, Edward, duke of Somerset, pro
tector of England, xxn. 259.
, Horatio, American politician,
xxm. 790.
, Jane, wife of Henry VIIL, VIIL
336; XL 665.
SEYNE, La, town, France, xxi. 726.
SEYOOL (Seoul), town, Corea, VI. 391.
SFAX, town, Tunis, xxi. 726.
SFONDRATO, Niccolo (Pope Gregory
XIV.), XL 178.
SFORNO, Obadiah, tutor of Reuchlin,
xx. 489.
SFORZA, House of, Milan, xin. 479;
xvi. 293.
, Attendolo, Italian condottiere, vi.
256; xx. 805.
SFORZA, Caterina, wife of Giovanni dei
Medici, xv. 787.
, Francesco, duke of Milan, xin.
479 ; xvi. 293 ; monument of, xiv.
458.
SGRAFFIATO WARE, pottery, xix. 620,
624.
SGRAFFITO, form of wall decoration,
iv. 508; xvn. 37.
's GRAVENHAGE (The Hague, q.v.),
town, Holland, XI. 371.
SHABBY GENTEEL STORY, Thackeray's,
xxm. 214.
SHABIN KARA-HISSAR, town, Asiatic
Turkey, xiv. 2.
SHAD, fish, xxi. 726; xn. 694: arti
ficial propagation of, xix. 128.
SHADDOCK, tree and fruit, xxi. 727.
SHADID, Phoenician deity, xvni. 803.
SHADOOF, irrigation apparatus, Egypt,
VII. 707.
SHADOWS, Optical theory of, xiv. 580;
XXIV. 428; in perspective, xix. 806.
SHADRINSK, town, Russia, xvin. 550.
SHAD-SALMON, fish, xxi. 224.
SHADWELL, Thomas, English play
wright and versifier, xxi. 727; vn.
436.
SHAFIITES, Moslem sect, xxn. 66 1;
xvi. 593, 595-
SHAFT, SHAFTS, in tunnelling, xxm.
622; in coal-mines, vi. 62; sinking of
in mines, XVI. 448.
SHAFTESBURY, First Earl of, English
statesman, XXI. 727; his relations
with Locke, xiv. 752; his support of
Monmouth, xvi. 755.
, Third Earl of, English moralist,
xxi. 731; vni. 427; on beauty, I. 221;
on deism, vn. 34 ; ethics of, vni.
599-
•, Seventh Earl of, English philan
thropist, xxi. 734.
SHAG, bird, vi. 408.
SHAGREEN, leather, xiv. 390; xxi.
779-
SHAH, title of ruler of Persia, xvni.
628.
SHAHABAD, district, British India, xxi.
734-
-, town, Oudh, India, xvni. 72.
SHAHAT, district, North Africa, vi. 751.
SHAHEBGUNGE, town, India, xxi. 297.
SHAHID, Abul-Hasan, Persian poet,
xvni. 656.
SHAHINSHAHNAMA, Persian book,
xvni. 657.
SHAH JAHAN, Mogul emperor, xn. 795;
XX. III.
SHAH JAHAN KUH, mountain, Persia,
xiv. 66.
SHAHJAHANPUR, district and town,
India, xxi. 735.
SHAHNAMA, or Shahnamah, Firdousi's
epic, xvni. 656; ix. 225.
SHAHPUHR, SHAPUR, or Sapor, kings of
Persia, xvni. 608; xvn. 514.
H A — S H E
401
SHAHPUR, district and town, India,
xxi. 735.
SHAHPURA, state, India, xx. 260.
SHAHRASTANI, Persian jurisconsult
and theologian, XXI. 736.
SHAHRAZAD, of the Arabian Nights'
Entertainments, xxm. 316.
SHAHRBARAZ, Persian general, xvm.
615-
SHAIBANI, or Sheibani, ruler of Uzbek
Tartars, xvi. 749; xvm. 635.
SHAIKHS, class of Mohammedans in
India, xn. 746; xv. 185.
SHAIRP, John Campbell, Scottish poeti
cal critic, xxi. 736.
SHAKERLY WITH TYLDESLEV, town,
England, xxm. 674.
SHAKERS, religious sect, xxi. 736; vi.
216; similar communities in the early
Irish Church, XIII. 248.
SHAKESPEARE, Anne Hathaway, wife
of the dramatist, XXI. 754, 766.
, Edmund, brother of the dramatist,
xxi. 755, 765-
, Hamnet, only son of the dramatist,
xxi. 755, 765-
. , John, the dramatist's father, XXI.
745-
, Judith, daughter of the dramatist,
xxi. 755, 765.
, Mary Arden, the dramatist's
mother, XXI. 747, 765.
, Richard, the dramatist's grand
father, xxi. 744.
, Susanna, daughter of the dramatist,
xxi. 755, 756, 765.
, William, English dramatist, XXI.
737; vil. 430; Madden on the spelling
of the name, xv. 176; his position in
English literature, vin. 418; his con
nexion with Edward Alleyn, I. 584;
his influence on Beaumont and Flet
cher, in. 470; in favour with Queen
Elizabeth, VIII. 142; his use of Geoffrey
of Monmouth's legends, X. 173; his
connexion with the Globe Theatre,
London, xxm. 224; his borrowing
plots from Greene, XI. 164; his influ
ence on German literature, x. 532;
the London of, XI v. 848; in relation
to the Renaissance, XX. 393; his son
nets, XXII. 262; the forgeries of Ire
land, xni. 272; epitaph on, by Milton,
vin. 495; monument of, at Stratford,
XXII. 590 ; bibliography, xxi. 768 ;
Boydell's illustrations of, IV. 182;
French renderings by Ducis, VII. 505;
Johnson's edition of, XIII. 725; Milton
on, xvi. 326.
SHAKHDARA, river, Central Asia, xvm.
103.
SHAKI-SHAKI, town, Zanzibar, Africa,
xxiv. 768.
SHAKUDO, Japanese amalgam-work,
xin. 591.
SHAL, fish, XXIL 68.
SHALE, mineral, xvi. 424; x. 238;
bituminous, XVIII. 240; alum from, I.
646; naphtha from, xvil. 174.
SHALLOT, vegetable, xn. 288.
SHALMANESER I., king of Assyria, m.
1 86.
II., of Assyria, in. 186; xni. 406.
— IV., of Assyria, in. 187; Xin.
SHAMANISM, form of religion, xxi. 771;
of Assyria, in. 192; of Pelew Islands,
xvm. 474; in Russia, xxi. 81; in
Tibet, xxm. 344.
SHAMLI, town, India, xvn. 114.
SHAMMAI, Jewish rabbi, xxi. 771.
SHAMMAR, Arab tribe, Mesopotamia,
xvi. 49.
SHAMO, district, Central Asia, x. 713.
SHAMOKIN, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
xxi. 771.
SHAMOY (or CHAMOIS) LEATHER, xiv.
39o.
SHAMS, Sabrean goddess, xxiv. 741.
SHAMS-UDDIN, Persian teacher, xxi. 59.
, Muhammed (Hafiz), Persian poet,
XI. 367; XVIII. 659.
SHAN-A-LIN, mountains, Manchuria,
xv. 465.
SHANG DYNASTY, of China, v. 643.
SHANGHAI, town, China, xxi. 771; v.
635; temple of Confucius at, II. 448.
SHANKLIN, town, Isle of Wight, Eng
land, xxiv. 562.
SHAN LANGUAGE, Asia, xxi. 774.
SHANNON, river, Ireland, xin. 216.
SHANS, people of Burmah and Siam,
xxi. 773, 854; IV. 553.
SHAN-SE, province, China, v. 634.
SHAN STATES, Burmah, xxi. 773.
SHANTOW (Swatow), town, China, XXII.
733-
SHAN-TUNG, province, China, v. 633.
SHAP, town, England, xxiv. 516.
SHAPING MACHINES, machine tools, xv.
156.
SHAPINSHAY, island, Orkney, Scotland,
xvn. 846.
SHAPUR I., king of Persia, xvm. 608;
xvn. 514.
II., of Persia, xvm. 609; xvn.
514.
III., of Persia, xvm. 610.
, Shemuel, Talmudic writer, XXIII.
35-
SHARI, valley, Soudan, xxn. 277.
SHARJAH, district, Arabia, n. 254.
SHARK, fish, xxi. 774; basking, xxi.
608; Beaumaris, xix. 518; classifica
tion of the group, XII. 685.
— OIL, xvn. 747.
SHARKS BAY, Western Australia, xxiv.
507.
SHARON, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
xxi. 779.
— SPRINGS, spa, New York, U.S.A.,
xvi. 436.
SHARP, Abraham, English logarithmist,
xiv. 779.
SHARP, James, archbishop of St Andrews,
Scotland, xxi. 779, 515; xix. 683.
, William, English line-engraver,
xxi. 780.
SHARPE, Mrs, on archery, n. 377.
, Richard B., on birds, xvm. 12.
SHARPSBURGH, U.S.A., Battle of (1862),
xxm. 777.
SHASTA, Mount, Sierra Nevada, U.S.A.,
xxm. 800.
SHATRANJ, Oriental game, v. 598.
SHATSK, town, Russia, xxm. 41.
SHAWENEGAN, waterfall, Canada, xx.
165.
SHAWL, article of dress, xxi. 781; Cash
mere, xiv. 12; Persian, xvm. 626;
of Kirman, xiv. 100.
SHAWM, musical instrument, xvn. 707.
SHAWMUT, peninsula, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., iv. 72.
SHAWNEES, American-Indian tribe, xn.
832.
SHEA BUTTER, vegetable fat, xvn. 744,
747-
SHEADINGS, districts, Isle of Man, xv.
452.
SHEAR, SHEARING, in mechanics, xv.
694; xix. 797; in bridges, IV. 286;
shearing stress, xxn. 594.
SHEARING, of sheep, i. 396.
MACHINE, for iron plates, xv.
157-
SHEARS, cutting tool, XI. 439; in iron
manufacture, xin. 330; xv. 157.
— , in seamanship, XXI. 593, 604.
SHEARWATER, bird, xxi. 781; xx.
102; xxn. 120.
SHEATHBILL, bird, xxi. 782.
SHEATH-FISH, xxn. 68.
SHEAVES, in mechanics, xv. 763.
SHEBA, of Scripture, xxiv. 738.
SHEBBEARE, Dr John, his trial for
libel, iv. 735.
SHEBOYGAN, town, Wisconsin, U.S.A.,
xxi. 782; population, xxiv. 617.
SHECHEM, town, Palestine, xxi. 783,
243-
SHEE, Sir Martin Archer, Irish painter,
xxi. 783.
SHEELIN, Lough, Ireland, xxiv. 512.
SHEEMOGA, town, India, xxi. 803.
SHEEP, xxi. 784; xv. 432; management
of, I. 391; iv. 250; diseases of, xxiv.
204, 205; liver-rot, XXIII. 539; pox,
xxiv. 204; milk of, xvi. 303; shear
ing of, I. 396; skins of, for tanning,
xiv. 380, 388; wool, xxiv. 654;
Dorset breed, vn. 371; Herdwick's,
VI. 698; South Downs, xxn. 725;
merino, of Spain, xxn. 300; wild,
of India, xn. 742; wild, of Turkestan,
xxm. 635.
SHEEP-DOGS, vn. 326.
SHEEPSHEAD, fish, xxi. 785.
SHEEP'S OIL, xvn. 744.
SHEERNESS, town, England, XXI. 785;
dockyard, vn. 312, 318.
XXV. — 51
402
S H E — S H I
SHEFFIELD, town, England, xxi. 785.
, John, duke of Buckinghamshire,
iv. 419.
SHEIKH-AL-JEL*AL (Old Man of the
Mountains), chief of the Assassins, n.
723-
SHEIKHIS, Mohammedan sect, xxn.
665.
SHEIKU 'L- ISLAM, head of the ulema,
or Moslem clergy, xxn. 661, 664;
xxiii. 654.
SHEIL, Richard Lalor, Irish politician,
xxi. 787.
SHEKEL, ancient coin and weight, xxi.
788 ; xvii. 650; xxiv. 486.
SHEKSNA, river, Russia, xxi. 1 16; xxiv.
279.
SHELBURNE, Earlof, English statesman,
vni. 358; xiv. 289; his relations with
Pitt, xix. 138.
SHELD-DRAKE, bird, xxi. 788.
SHELDONIAN COMPACT (1664), in
English history, VI. 327.
SHELDONIAN THEATRE, Oxford, xvui.
95-
SHELDRAKE, bird, xxi. 788.
SHELL, of birds' eggs, in. 774.
, projectile, XL 304; for rifled guns,
I. 744.
SHELLEY, Mary Wollstonecraft, English
woman of letters, xxi. 789; x. 717.
, Percy Bysshe, English poet, xxi.
789; as dramatist, VII. 439; his place
in English literature, vin. 433; his
place as poet, xix. 268.
SHELLIF, river, Algeria, I. 563.
SHELL LAC, resin, xiv. 182.
SHELLS, of brachiopods, iv. 189; of mol
luscs, xvi. 635.
SHELOMOH IBN GEBIROL (Avicebron),
Jewish philosopher, III. 152; II. 268;
vill. 758; xxi. 426.
SHEM, of Scripture, xvii. 511, 523; xxi.
641.
, Israel Baal, or Besht, founder of
modern Jewish sect, xill. 68 1.
SHEMAHA, or Shemakha, town, Trans
caucasia, Russia, xxi. 794; xxm. 515.
SHEMARYAH, rabbi, Talmudist, xxm.
39-
SHEMUEL, Talmudic writer, xxm. 35.
SHENANDOAH, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xxi. 794.
VALLEY, U.S.A., Campaigns of,
xxm. 777, 779.
SHENDAMANGALAM, town, India, xxi.
210.
SHENDY, town, Soudan, Africa, xxi.
794-
SHENE, or Richmond, England, Monas
tery of, I. 21.
SHEN-SE, province, China, v. 637.
SHENSHAIS, Parsee sect, India, xvui.
326.
SHENSTONE, William, English poet,
xxi. 794; his place in English litera
ture, vin. 429.
SHEOL, in eschatology, vin. 536; xx.
114.
SHEPHERD KINGS, of Egypt, vn. 735.
SHEPHERD OF HERMAS, early Christian
writing, II. i So, 197; x. 815.
SHEPHERD'S CALENDAR, Spenser's
poem, xviii. 345; xxn. 393.
SHEPHERD'S WEEK, Gay's pastoral,
xvin. 347.
SHEPPEY, Isle of, Kent, England, xiv.
37-
SHEPTON MALLET, town, England, xxi.
795-
SHEPWAY, Cinque Port, England, Parlia
ment of, v. 787.
SHER ALI KHAN, ruler of Afghanistan,
i. 240, 241.
SHERBORNE, town, England, xxi. 795;
abbey church at, VII. 372; manor of,
XX. 263.
SHERBRO (Sherboro), island, Sierra
Leone, West Africa, xxn. 44.
SHERBROOKE, town, Canada, xx. 167.
SHERE, or Remedy, in coining, xvi.
482.
SHEREEF (Sherif), Mohammedan officer,
xv. 672.
SHERIBON (Cheribon), town, Java, v.
585.
SHERIDAN, Caroline Elizabeth (Mrs
Norton), xvn. 574.
— , Frances, novelist and dramatist,
xxi. 796.
— , Philip Henry, American general,
xxni. 780.
-, Richard Brinsley Butler, Irish
dramatist and politician, xxi. 797;
vii. 438; his place in English litera
ture, vill. 429, 431.
, Thomas (1684-1738), Irish school
master and writer, xxi. 795.
•, Thomas (1721-1788), Irish actor
and elocutionist, xxi. 796.
SHERIF, Mohammedan officer, xv. 672.
SHERIFF, law officer, xxi. 800; vi. 513.
-, Laurence, founder of Rugby School,
England, xxi. 55.
SHERIFF-CLERK, Scottish law officer,
xxi. 801.
SHERIFF-DEPUTE, Scottish law officer,
xxi. 80 1.
SHERIFFDOMS, Scottish, xxi. 483, 488,
535-
SHERIFFMUIR, Scotland, Battle of ( 1 7 1 5),
vn. 533; xxi. 526.
SHERIFF-SUBSTITUTE, Scottish law
officer, xxi. 80 1.
SHERLOCK, Thomas, bishop of London,
xxi. 801.
— , William, dean of St Paul's, xxi.
802.
SHERMAN, town, Texas, U.S.A., xxi.
802.
, Roger, American politician, XXIII.
748.
, William Tecumseh, American
general, xxiii. 779.
SHERRY WINE, xxiv. 607; xni. 629;
adulteration of, I. 173.
's HERTOGENBOSCH (Bois-le-Due),
town, Holland, in. 864.
SHERWIN, John Keyse, English engraver
and painter, xxi. 802.
SHERWOOD FOREST, England, xvn.
599-
SHESHBAZZAR, Persian governor of
Jerusalem, XL 371.
SHESHKEEFF, town, Russia, xvin. 515.
SHESHONK (Shishak), king of Egypt,
vn. 742.
SHETLAND, islands, Scotland, xvn.
§45-
CATTLE, i. 389.
SHEVAGUNGA (Sivaganga), town, India,
xv. 192.
SHEVCHENKO, Taras, Russian poet, xxi.
1 10.
SHEYKHI, of Kermiyan, Ottoman poet,
xxm. 656.
SHIAHS, Moslem sect, XL 509. See
Shiites.
SHIAN, shah of Persia, xvin. 636.
SHIBRGHAN (Sapurgan), province, Af
ghanistan, i. 243.
SHIELD, Ancient forms of, 11. 554-
, in heraldry, XL 685, 694.
, William, English musical com
poser, xxi. 802.
OF SCIPIO, ancient plate, XIX.
181.
SHIELDS, North, town, England, xxni.
675.
-, South, town, England, xxi. 802.
SHIFTING PIECES, in mechanics, xv.
755-
SHIGATZE, town, Tibet, xxni. 340.
SHIGHNAN, state, Central Asia, xvin.
104.
SHIITES, Moslem sect, xxn. 663; xvi.
564, 568, 592; n. 722; XL 509.
SHIKARPUR, district and town, India,
xxi. 803.
SHI KING, Chinese poems, vi. 263.
SHIKOKU, island, Japan, xni. 569.
SHILKA, river, Siberia, I. 746; XXIII.
510.
SHILOH, town, Palestine, xxi. 803
SHIMIYN, river, Africa, xvn. 505.
SHIMOGA, district, India, XXI. 803;
town, xxi. 803; xvn. 123.
SHIN, Loch, Scotland, xxn. 726.
SHINA LANGUAGE, on upper Indus, x.
598.
SHINANOGAWA, river, Japan, xni.
572.
SHINASI EFENDI, Ottoman writer,
xxni. 657.
SHIN BONE, Anatomy of the, I. 829.
SHING CHOW (Nanking), ancient town,
China, xvn. 172.
SHlNG-KiNG, province, China, v. 641.
SHINGLE, in architecture, n. 473.
- MILLS, xxi. 346.
SHINGLES, skin disease, xxn. 123.
S H I — S I A
403
SHING-YANG (Moukden), town, Man
churia, xv. 466.
SHINTO, Japanese religion, xin. 581;
xx. 363.
SHIP, Ancient and mediaeval, XXI. 804;
Phoenician, xvm. 804.
, SHIPS, Modern, xxi. 809, 589;
chains and anchors for, n. 4; derelict,
XXiv. 686; log for ascertaining speed
of, xiv. 769; xvil. 264; management
of, xxi. 589; quarantine of, xx. 153;
registration of, XX. 343; resistance of
water to, XII. 518; sails, xxi. 153;
salvage, xxi. 237; steam-engines for,
xxn. 517; unsea worthy, in law, XXI.
606; whaling vessels, XXiv. 526; wreck
of, in law, xxiv. 686; yachts, xxiv.
723-
SHIPBUILDING, xxi. 809.
SHIP CANALS, iv. 787.
SHIP HARBOUR, lake, Nova Scotia,
XVIL 601.
SHIPLEY, town, England, xxi. 826.
, William Davies, Erskine's defence
of, viii. 530.
SHIP-MONEY, tax, ix. 177; Hampden's
resistance to, viii. 346.
SHIP OF FOOLES, Barclay's satire, ill.
368.
SHIP OF FOOLS, Brandt's satirical poem,
iv. 215; X. 527.
SHIPPEN, William, American surgeon,
xxii. 677.
SHIPPING, British, xxi. 826; European,
vin. 707; of United States, xxm.
826; Lloyd's list of, xiv. 741.
SHIP- WORM, or Teredo, XXIII. 184.
SHIPWRECK, Life-saving apparatus for,
xiv. 570; law relating to, xxiv. 686.
, The, poem by Falconer, IX. 4.
SHIRABAD, town, Central Asia, xn. 3.
SHIRAZ, town, Persia, xxi. 829; xvui.
627, 628.
SHIRE, or County, English administra
tive division, vin. 273.
SHIRE, river, East Central Africa, xxiv.
765.
SHIRKHIST, manna, xv. 493.
SHIRLEY, town, England, xxi. 829.
, Charlotte Bronte's novel, IV. 365.
, Sir Anthony, English envoy to
Persia, xvm. 638.
, James, English dramatist, XXI.
829; vii. 432; as pupil of Beaumont
and Fletcher, in. 474.
, Robert, English envoy to Persia,
xvm. 638.
, William, colonial administrator,
Massachusetts, U.S.A., xv. 616.
SHIRVAN, khanate, Transcaucasia, xxi.
794-
SHIRWA, Lake, Africa, I. 256.
SHISHAK, king of Egypt, vn. 742.
SHISHAM, tree, xvui. 71.
SHITTAH, tree, i. 68.
SmvA-KuL, lake, Central Asia, XVIII.
104.
SHOA, district, Abyssinia, I. 64.
SHOADING, in mines, xvi. 442.
SHOCK, or Collapse, physical condition,
xxii. 680.
SHOCKS, Effects of, on magnetization,
xv. 268.
SHODDY, variety of cloth, i. 176; xxiv.
661; factories, in England, viii. 233.
SHODER, Goldbeater's, x. 753.
SHOE-BILL, bird, xxii. 578.
SHOEBURYNESS, England, School of
gunnery at, II. 586.
SHOEMAKER'S HOLIDAY, Dekker's play,
vii. 37.
SHOEMAKING, xxi. 830.
SHOEN (Schongauer), Martin, German
painter and engraver, xxi. 432; viii.
441.
SHOES, Snow, xxii. 201.
— , Horse, XXL 831; XII. 195.
SHOGUN, Japanese ruler, xin. 582.
SHOLAPUR, district and town, India,
xxi. 832.
SHOMER, Mountains of, Arabia, n.
239-
SHOOl (Skua), bird, XXII. 125.
SHOOTING, for sporting purposes, xxi.
832; gun-sights for, xxii. 46.
SHORE, Jane, mistress of Edward IV.,
xxi. 835.
, John, inventor of tuning-fork,
xxm. 619.
SHORT, James, telescope-maker, xxui.
137-
SHORTEST WAY WITH DISSENTERS,
Defoe's work, vii. 27.
SHORTHAND, xxi. 836; for the blind,
ill. 828; in ancient MSS., xvm. 164.
SHORTHORN CATTLE, i. 388.
SHORTREDE, Robert, Scottish logarith-
mist, xiv. 776; his tables, xxm. 11.
SHORT-SIGHT, vin. 820 ; xvi. 259 ;
xvn. 785; spectacles for, xxii. 372.
SHOSHONE, Lake, Yellowstone Park,
U.S.A., xxiv. 737.
FALLS, Snake River, U.S.A., xxm.
798.
SHOSHONES, American Indians, xn.
827, 832.
SHOSHONG, town, Bechuanaland, South
Africa, xxi. 842.
SHOT, military projectiles, I. 745 ; XL
294, 304; sporting, XI. 280; xxi. 835.
SHOTOVER HILL, Oxford, England,
xvm. 93.
SHOULDER-BLADE, Anatomy of the, i.
826.
SHOULDER-GIRDLE, of mammals, xv.
358-
SHOULDER-JOINT, Anatomy of the, i.
838.
SHOVEL, Sir Cloudesley, English
admiral, xxi. 842.
SHOVELER, bird, xxi. 842.
SHOWBREAD, Hebrew, xxi. 133.
SHRAPNEL SHELL, in gunnery, i. 744;
xi. 304.
SHREVEPORT, town, Louisiana, U.S.A.,
xxi. 843.
SHREW, insectivorous mammal, XXI.
843; xv. 403.
SHREWSBURY, town, England, xxi. 845;
battle of (1403), XL 660; xvm. 523.
-, Earls and Duke of, xxm. 25.
SHRIKE, bird, xxi. 845.
SHRIMP, crustacean, xxi. 846; fisheries,
x. 265.
— , Opossum, crustacean, VI. 658.
SHRINE, in architecture, n. 473.
SHROPSHIRE, county, England, xxi.
847.
• SHEEP, i. 392.
SHROVE TUESDAY, xxi. 648.
SHRUBS, Garden, xn. 260; culture of,
ii. 319.
SHU, Egyptian divinity, VII. 716.
SHUBENACADIE, river, Nova Scotia,
xvn. 601.
SHUI, town, Lew-Chew Islands, North
Pacific, xiv. 490.
SHUISKI, Basil, Russian revolutionist,
xxi. 95.
SHUJA, shah of Afghanistan, xx. 1 1 1 ;
assassination of, I. 240.
SHULUH, race of people, Africa, I. 261.
SHUMADIA, district, Servia, xxi. 687.
SHUMLA, town, Bulgaria, xxi. 648.
SHUMSHU, island, Kuriles, Asia, xiv.
1 60.
SHUN-CHE, emperor of China, v. 650.
SHUSH, or Shushan (Susa), ancient
town, Persia, xxii. 722; xxi. 849; n.
400.
SHUSHA, town, Caucasus, Russia, XXI.
648.
SHUSHAN (Susa), ancient town, Persia,
xxn. 722; xxi. 849; ii. 400.
SHUSTAR, town, Persia, xxi. 849.
SHUTE, John, Viscount Barrington, ill.
393-
SHUTTLE, for weaving, xxiv. 464; early
Greek, XXI II. 206.
SHU WAS, people, Bornu, Central Africa,
iv. 61.
SHUYA, town, Russia, xxi. 849.
SHWEDOUNG, town, Burmah, xix. 807.
SHWE-GYENG, district and town, Bur
mah, xxi. 849.
SlAH-POSH, tribes, Kafiristan, Asia,
xin. 821.
SlAK, residency, Sumatra, XXII. 639.
SlALlDjE, group of insects, xm. 151.
SIALKOT, district and town, India, XXL
850.
SIAM, kingdom, Eastern Asia, xxi. 850;
forests of, IX. 405; Pali language in,
xvm. 183 ; Shan language of, xxi.
774; weights and measures, XXIV. 490.
SIAMANG, ape, ii. 150.
SIAMESE LANGUAGE, xxi. 855.
- LITERATURE, xxi. 855.
- TWINS, xvi. 765.
SIANTI (Ashantee, q.v.), country, West
Africa, n. 681.
S I B — S I G
SIBBALD, Sir Kobert, Scottish scientist,
XXII. I.
SIBENIK, town, Dalmatia, Austria, xxi.
616.
SIBERIA, region, Asia, xxil. i; n. 687;
acquisition of, by Russia, XXI. 93;
Eussian explorations in, x. 191; Friar
William's travels in, xxi. 47; birds of,
in. 756; forests, IX. 405; penal insti
tutions, xix. 762; Tartar population,
xxm. 70.
SIBERIAN BOIL-PLAGUE, cattle disease,
xvn. 58.
SIBILLA, Monte della, mountain, Italy,
437-
SIBOGA, town, Sumatra, xxil. 639.
SIBSAGAR, district and town, India,
xxn. 13.
SIBSIB, ground squirrel, Morocco, xvi.
833.
SIBUYAN, island, Philippines, xvm.
752.
SIBYL, of Greek and Roman legend,
xxil. 13.
SIBYLLINE BOOKS, of ancient Rome,
XXIL 13.
SIBYLLINE ORACLES, Greek poems, xi.
144.
SIBYLLINES, The, apocalyptic books, n.
177, 179.
SICCA VENERIA (Keff), ancient town,
Tunis, xiv. 27.
SlCELS, people, South Italy and Sicily,
XXIL 15.
SICILIAN OIL, xvm. 713.
SICILIAN VESPERS, massacre of French
in Sicily (1282), v. 423; XX. 798;
xxil. 27.
SICILIES, Two, Kingdom of the, xill.
478; XVII. 191; conquest of, by the
Normans, xin. 470; xvn. 191.
SICILY, island, Mediterranean, xxil. 14;
xin. 440; xv. 820; part of kingdom
of the Two Sicilies, xm. 471; xvn.
191 ; under the Athenians, XI. 104;
invaded by the Carthaginians, v. 161;
historical connexion of Malta with,
XV. 342; its connexion with Naples,
XVII. 191; Norman settlement in,
Xill. 470; xvii. 548; its connexion with
Phoenicia, xvm. 806; conquest of, by
Rome, XX. 747, 750; Spanish con
nexion, XXII. 322, 324, 327; ancient,
coins of, xvn. 638; modern, coins of,
xvii. 657; dialect of, xm. 494; plague
in, xix. 1 66; sulphur mines, xxil. 634;
wine industry, xxiv. 610.
SICK HEADACHE, xvn. 364.
SICKINGEN, Franz von, German baron,
XXIL 31; xv. 78.
SICKLE, reaping implement, XXI.
574-
SICKNESS, Diet in, vn. 205.
SlCULl, people, South Italy and Sicily,
xxn. 15.
SiCULUS, Diodorus, Greek historian,
vii. 245.
SICYON, town, Achaia, Greece, xxil. 31;
school of sculpture at, 1 1. 349.
SlDDHARTHA GAUTAMA (Buddha, q.V.),
in. 375; iv. 426.
SIDDHI KUR, Calmuck collection of
stories, IV. 710.
SIDDIM, Vale of, Palestine, VII. 2.
SlDDONS, Sarah, English actress, XXII.
32; xiv. 31.
SIDE, town, Asia Minor, xvm. 207.
SIDEREAL MONTH, n. 774.
SIDEREAL TIME, n. 765; xxm. 392.
SIDERITE, mineral, x. 228; xvi. 397.
SIDEROSCHISOLITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
SlDEROSlLIClTE, mineral, XVI. 425.
SIDEROSTATIC TELESCOPE, xxm. 152.
SIDE-WALKS, of streets, xx. 588.
SIDGWICK, Henry, on political economy,
xix. 399.
SIDI-BEL-ABBES, town, Algeria, XXIL
33-
SIDI IBN ISA, Shrine of, Kairwan, Tunis,
xm. 824.
SIDI MOHAMMED BEN ALI ES-SENUSI,
leader of Mohammedan fraternity in
Sahara, xxi. 151; xxm. 575.
SIDLAWS, hills, Scotland, xvm. 666.
SlDMOUTH, Viscount, English states
man, I. 145; vm. 363.
SIDNACESTER (Newark), Saxon town,
England, xvn. 370.
SIDNEY, town, Cape Breton, xvn. 603.
, Algernon, English statesman, xxn.
33-
, Sir Henry, viceroy of Ireland,
xm. 264; xxn. 35.
, Sir Philip, English statesman and
writer, xxn. 35; vm. 417, 421; as
pastoral poet, xvm. 346; his relations
with Spenser, xxn. 393; his death in
Holland, XII. 77.
SUSSEX COLLEGE, Cambridge, iv.
73i-
SIDON, town, Phoenicia, XXII. 35; xvm.
804, 808; capture of, by Artaxerxes
III., xvm. 580; coins of, xvii. 650.
SIDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS, xm. 116.
SlDONiUS, C. Sollius Apollinaris, Chris
tian writer and bishop, n. 184.
SIDRA (Hydra), island, Greece, xn. 430.
, Bay of, Tripoli, North Africa,
xxm. 575.
RARE A, book of the Mandaeans,
xv. 468.
SIDYMA, town, Asia Minor, xv. 94.
SIEBENBURGEN, or Transylvania (q.v.\
Austria-Hungary, xxm. 521.
SIEBOLD, Carl Theodor Ernst von,
German physiologist and zoologist,
xxn. 36.
— , Philipp Franz von, German ex
plorer of Japan, xxn. 36.
SiECLE, Le, Paris newspaper, xvn. 426.
SlEDLCE, government, Russian Poland,
XXII. 36; town, xxn. 37.
SlEG, river, Rhenish Prussia, XX. 20,
519.
SIEGE, Operations in a, IX. 455; artil
lery for, n. 663; XL 314.
SlEGEN, town, Prussia, XXII. 37.
, Ludwig, inventor of mezzotint
engraving, vm. 445.
SIEGENITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
SIEGE OF RHODES, English opera, xvn.
88,
SlEGFRED, English missionary in
Sweden, xxn. 745.
SIEGFRIED, hero of the Nibelungenlied,
xvn. 475; x. 522, 524; xx. 657.
SIEMENS, Ernst Werner, inventor of
electric railway, xxm. 495 ; his
electrical experiments, vm. 37.
, Sir William, inventor and natural
philosopher, xxn. 37; his gas-engine,
xxn. 526; his gas-producer, IX. 845;
xxn. 182 ; hie differential governor,
xxn. 508 ; his heat-regenerator, IX.
846; on iron and steel, xm. 282.
SIEMENS-MARTIN PROCESS, of .steel-
making, xm. 347.
SIEMENS PRECIPITATION PROCESS, of
steel-making, Xin. 337.
SIENA, town, Italy, xxn. 38; cathedral
pavement, ill. 476; cathedral pulpit,
Xix. 124; majolica ware, xix. 628;
school of painting, XXI. 433, 442 ;
pictures in, xxi. 446 ; university,
xxm. 837.
, St Catherine of, v. 229.
SlERADZ, town, Russian Poland, xxil.
44-
SIERPCE, town, Poland, XIX. 227.
SIERRA, envelope of the sun, 11. 788.
LEONE, West Coast, Africa, xxn.
44; I. 269.
NEVADA, mountains, United States,
iv. 697, 700; xvn. 367; xxm. 799.
SIERRAS, mountain chains, Spain, xxn.
294.
SIETE PARTIDAS, Spanish code of laws,
xxn. 318, 354.
SIEVES, Emmanuel Joseph, French
politician, xxn. 45; IX. 612; his rela
tions with Napoleon, xvn. 202.
SlFAN, nomad tribes of Tibet, xxm.
344-
SIFATITES, Moslem sect, xvi. 592.
SlGALON, Xavier, French painter, xxn,
46.
SIGHING, abnormal form of respiration,
xx. 479.
SIGHT, Organ and sense of, vm. Si 6; i.
885; defective, XVII. 784; loss of, III.
826; short and long, VIII. 820; XVII.
785; organs of, in Amphibia, I. 768;
in birds, in. 725 ; in Crustacea, vi.
637; in fishes, xn. 652; in mammals,
xv. 367; in reptiles, xx. 461; in. 725.
SIGHTS, Gun, xxn. 46.
SIGISMUND, emperor, xxn. 48; xn. 368;
x. 495.
, duke of Hapsburg, xxn. 786.
I., king of Poland, Xix. 290.
II., of Poland, xix. 291.
S I G — S I M
405
SiGiSMUND III., of Poland, xix. 294.
, king of Sweden, xxil. 748.
SlGLUS, ancient Persian coin, xvil. 659.
SlGMARlNGEN, town, Prussia, XXII. 48.
, Hohenzollern-, German princely
house, XII. 52.
SIGMODON, genus of rodent mammals,
xvil. 6.
SIGNAKH, town, Transcaucasia, Kussia,
xxm. 514.
SIGNALLING, xxm. 112; heliographic,
XL 632.
SIGNALS, as used in navy, xxn. 49;
xvil. 277; flag, IX. 279; railway, XX.
238; in surveying, xxil. 698; time
determined by, xxm. 395.
SIGNATURES, Book, xxm. 700; quire
marks, xvm. 144.
SIGNET, Writers to the, legal society,
Scotland, xxi. 535; xxil. 251.
LIBRARY, Edinburgh, xiv. 522.
RINGS, xx. 560.
SIGNORELLI, Luca, Italian painter, xxil.
50; xxi. 434, 442.
SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC, xxiv. 791.
SlGOURNEY, Lydia Huntley, American
poetess, I. 731.
SIGTUNA, ancient town, Sweden, xxil.
558.
SIGURD, mythical hero, in Nibelungen-
lied, XVIL 474; xx. 657.
, the Stout, earl of Orkney and
Caithness, xill. 254; xvn. 848.
, son of Hakon, Norse earl, xvil. 58^.
JORSALAFARI, Norwegian king,
VT7TT f QQ Q «Q
XVIL 5°o> 040.
Sl-HAMED, Algerine chief, I. 569.
SIHANAKA, tribe, Madagascar, xv. 171.
SlHUN (Syr-Daria, q.v.), river, Asia,
XXIL 8 1 8.
, river, Asia Minor, II. 708; v. 777.
SIKANDAR, ruler of Kashmir, xiv. 13.
SIKANS, or Sicani, people, South Italy
and Sicily, XXIL 15.
SIKELS, or Siculi, people, South Italy
and Sicily, XXIL 15.
SIKES'S HYDROMETER, xn. 540.
SIKHOTA-ALIN, mountains, Eastern
Siberia, xv. 548.
SIKHS, people of India, XL 844; XII.
746, 808; xx. 1 10.
SIKH WAR (1846), xiv. 371.
SlKKlM, or Sikim, state, India, XXII. 51 ;
XL 822; birds of, ill. 761.
SIKUHA, town, Persia, xviil. 627.
SILALAHI, lake, Sumatra, xxn. 638.
SlLBERMANN, family of organ-builders,
xvn. 837.
, Gottfried, his improvements on the
pianoforte, xix. 71.
SlLBURY HILL, artificial mound, Wilts,
England, in. 144.
SlLENUS, in Greek mythology, xxil. 51.
SILESIA, district, Germany, xxil. 51.
SILESIAN WARS, in. 127; ix. 585, 736;
x. 503; xx. 10.
Si LI AN LAW, Roman, xx. 68 1.
SILICA, oxide of silicon, xxn. 53; v. 522.
SILICATES, in chemistry, XXIL 53; xvi.
61.
SILICEOUS SPRINGS, x. 271.
SILICISPONGI^E, class of sponges, xxn.
421.
SILICON, chemical element, v. 521; its
presence in steel, XIII. 283; as fuel, IX.
809; as plant food, xix. 49.
SILICONEISEN, metal, xill. 351.
SlLICON-MANGANEISEN, metal, XIII.
352.
SILICO-SKELETA, subclass of Protozoa,
xix. 849.
SILIQUA, form of fruit, IV. 152.
SILISTRIA, town, Bulgaria, xxn. 54.
SILIUS ITALICUS, Latin epic poet, XXIL
54 ; his place in Roman, literature, xx.
726.
SILK, xxil. 56 ; ancient fabrics of,
xxm. 208 ; bleaching of, ill. 822;
fibre of, IX. 133; ailanthus, Xiv. 216;
Chinese, v. 638, 639, 640; manufac
tures, England, vm. 232; production
in France, ix. 520; xxi. 332; weaving
of, in India, XII. 761; Indian, XII.
751; culture and manufacture, in
Italy, xill. 442, 453; xvi. 292; from
spiders, II. 295.
HATS, XL 519.
SILK-TAIL, bird, xxiv. 460.
SILKWORM, iv. 596; XXIL 57; moth
of, XIIL 151.
SlLL, in architecture, II. 473.
SILLA, Pico de la, mountain, Venezuela,
xxiv. 139.
SILLEDA, town, Spain, xix. 455.
SlLLERY, Marquis of, husband of
Madame de Genlis, x. 153.
SlLLIMAN, Benjamin (1779-1 864), Amer
ican chemist and geologist, XXIL 66.
, Benjamin (1816-1885), American
chemist and physicist, xxi I. 66.
SILLIMANITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
SiLLUSTANl, Peru, Stone circles at, n.
451.
SILO, pit for ensilage, xxn. 67.
SlLOAM, Pool of, Jerusalem, XIII.
638.
Si LOW, his experiments in magnetism,
xv. 268.
SlLSILIS, hills, Egypt, VII. 783.
SILURES, ancient British people, xvi.
754-
SILURIAN ROCKS, in geology, x. 331;
XVIL 51.
SILURID.E, family of fishes, xxn. 67.
SlLVA, Feliciano de, Spanish romancist,
xx. 655.
, Jean Baptiste, French physician,
XX. 176.
, Ruy Gomez de, Spanish minister,
xvm. 744.
SILV^E, Statius's poems, xxn. 467.
SILVANECTES (Senlis), Roman station,
France, xxi. 664.
SlLVANUS, Italian divinity, XXII. 69.
SILVER, metal, xxn. 69 ; xvi. 382 ;
as chemical element, v. 529; cyanide
of, xx. 23; adulteration of, I. 176;
assay of, n. 727; extraction of, from
alloy with lead, xiv. 376; mines in
Austria, in. 120; in Bolivia, IV. 13; in
Chili, v. 622 ; of Laureium, Greece,
III. 59; in Mexico, xvi. 216; XXIV.
761; in New South Wales, xvn. 409;
of Nertchinsk, Siberia, xvi I. 352; in
United States, xxm. 814; in Colorado,
U.S.A., VI. 161; in Nevada, U.S.A.,
xvn. 368; ores, xvi. 58; dressing of
ores, xvi. 465; production, iv. 518; xvi.
467, 728 ; production in England,
vm. 229; in Peru, XVIIL 675; spec
trum of, xxn. 376; wire, xxiv. 615.
COINAGE, xvi. 482, 723; xxn.
71; in relation to exchange, vni. 790;
comparative value of silver and gold,
xvi. 731, 735; xxn. 73.
SILVER-EYE, bird, xxiv. 824.
SlLVER-FlR, tree, IX. 224.
SlLVER-FlSH, insect, xin. 154.
SILVER GLANCE, mineral, xxn. 69.
SILVERING, coating with silver, XXII.
71; of mirrors, xvi. 501.
SILVER INK, xin. 81.
SILVERIUS, pope, xxn. 74; xix. 493.
SILVER LACE, x. 753.
SILVER MINING, xvi. 470.
SILVER PITS, depressions in North Sea,
XVIL 563.
SILVER PLATE, xxn. 71; Roman, n.
366; works in, xix. 178.
SILVER REEF DISTRICT, Utah, U.S.A.,
xxm. 815.
SILVERSMITHS, Roman, n. 366.
SILVESTER I., pope, xxn. 74.
II., pope, xxn. 74; xix. 497; as
scholastic philosopher, XXI. 421.
- III., pope, xxn. 76; xix. 498.
SILVIID^E, family of birds, xxiv. 366,
553-
SiMANCAS, town, Spain, XXIL 76.
SIMBA, one of the Solomon Islands,
South Pacific, xxn. 252.
SIMBIRSK, government, Russia, xxn.
76; town, XXIL 77.
SIMEON, son of Jacob, xxn. 77.
, Israelitish tribe, xin. 400.
, grand -duke of Russia, xxi. 91.
of Beth Arsham, Syriac writer,
XXIL 832.
of Durham, English historian, xxi I.
811.
BAR TABBAKHE, Syriac writer,
xxn. 844.
KARKHAYA, Syriac writer, xxn.
— KUKAYA, Syriac writer, xxn. 832.
SHANKELAWI, Syriac writer, XXIL
852.
STYLITES, Syrian monk, xvi. 701 ;
XXIL 830; temple of, n. 132.
SIMFEROPOL, or Sympheropol, town,
Russia, xxn. 77; vi. 586.
406
S I M — S I P
SIMIA, genus of apes, II. 149.
SIMIANG, ape of Sumatra, XXII. 640.
SIMIID^E, group of apes, XV. 444.
SIMILARITY, as ground of association,
II. 733; mental perception of, XX. 80.
SIMLA, district, India, xxn. 77; I. 655;
town, xxii. 78.
SIMMS, William, liis dividing engine for
graduation, XI. 30.
- , William Gilmore, American poet,
novelist, and historian, xxii. 78; I.
727.
SlMNEL, Lambert, English pretender,
VIII. 329; XI. 662; in Ireland, XIII.
261.
SIMON I.-II., Jewish high priests, xin.
420.
- , Abraham, English medallist, XXII.
82.
- , John, on pathology, XVIII. 362.
- , Richard, French Biblical critic,
xxii. 82.
- , Thomas, English medallist, XX 1 1.
S3-
- BEN YOCHI, author of the Book of
Zohar, xni. 814.
DE BRION (Pope Martin IV.), xv.
582.
DE MONTFORT, crusader, xvi. 787;
ix. 541; xxii. 322.
DE MONTFORT, political leader,
xvi. 787; vni. 310; XL 658; xviii.
3°4-
MACCAB./EUS, Jewish high priest,
xiii. 423.
MAGUS, xxii. 78; x. 702.
- PETER, the apostle, xvm. 693.
See Peter.
SIMONDE, Jean Charles L.de (Sismondi),
Genevese historian and political writer,
xxii. 99.
SIMONE DA PESARO (Simone Cantarini),
Italian painter, v. 28.
SIMONIA (Zannone), one of the Pontian
Islands, Italy, xix. 460.
SIMONIANISM, ancient heresy, xxii.
80.
SIMONICH, Count, Russian envoy to
Persia, XVIII. 650.
SIMON IDES of Amorgos, Greek poet,
xxii. 83; xxi. 318.
— of Ceos, Greek poet, xxii. 84; xi.
139-
SIMONS, Menno, founder of the Men-
nonites, xvi. n.
SIMONY, in church law, xxn. 84.
SIMOOM, or Simoon, wind of Arabia, II.
239; vn. 703.
SIMPLICIUS, pope, xxii. 86; xix. 492.
— of Cilicia, Neoplatonist, xxii. 86.
SIMPLON, French department of the
(1810), xxiv. 32.
SIMPSON, Sir James Young, Scottish
physician, xxn. 86; on acupressure,
I. 133; his use of anaesthetics in mid
wifery, I. 789; on the origin of disease-
species, xvm. 406.
SIMPSON, Thomas, English mathema
tician, xxn. 86.
, Thomas, Arctic explorer, xix. 320.
SIMROCK, Karl, German poet, xxn.
87.
SIMSON, David, Scottish painter, xxn.
88.
— , George, Scottish painter, xxn. 88.
, Robert, Scottish mathematician,
XXII. 87; on porisms, XIX. 520.
, William, Scottish painter, XXII.
88.
SIMS TORPEDO, xxm. 451.
SIMULIUM, genus of insects, XVI. 866.
Si MUSIR, island, Kuriles, Asia, xiv.
1 60.
SlN, St Paul's doctrine of, xvm. 424;
Liguorian doctrine, xiv. 637; Pelagian
doctrine, xvm. 472 ; original, XIX.
669.
, Assyrian moon-god, XXIII. 237;
xxiv. 741.
SIN/E (China), in Ptolemy's geography,
v. 626; xx. 95.
SINAI, peninsula, Arabia, xxn. 88; n.
236; Stanley's work on, xxn. 451.
SINAITICUS CODEX, MS. of the Scrip
tures, xvm. 147; discovery of, XXIII.
409.
SINALOA, state, Mexico, xvi. 214.
SINAMRU, fabulous bird, xx. 611.
SINAN PASHA, Ottoman writer, xxm.
656.
SINCLAIR, Catherine, Scottish novelist,
xxn. 90.
-, D., his automatic telephonic ex
changes, xxm. 134.
, Sir George, Scottish writer and
politician, xxn. 90.
, Hannah, Scottish writer, XXII. 90.
, Sir John, Scottish writer, xxn.
-, John, archdeacon and writer, XXII.
90.
, Oliver, favourite of James V. of
Scotland, xxi. 499.
SIND, province, India, xxn. 90; con
quest of, by Britain, XII. 808; xvn.
176; policy of Ellenborough towards,
vni. 147.
FRONTIER, Upper, district, India,
xxm. 859.
SlNDHlA, or Scindhia, maharaja of
Gwalior, India, xi. 345; XI I. 804;
Wellington's war with, XXIV. 494.
SINDHI LANGUAGE, xi. 840; diction
aries of, vn. 191.
SINDIS, people, India, XXII. 91.
SIND SAGAR DOAB, district, India,
xvn. 113; xx. 107.
SINE, in trigonometry, XXIII. 563.
SINEPUXENT BAY, Maryland, U.S.A.,
xv. 602.
SlNEUS, Russian chief, XXI. 87.
SlNFONlA, in music, xvn. 87.
SINGAPORE, British dependency, Ma
lacca Straits, xxn. 92, 586; its exemp
tion from malaria, xv. 319; Raffles^
library at, xiv. 534.
SlNGBHUM, or Singboom, district, India,
xxn. 94.
SINGEING, of cloth, in. 814.
SINGER, Isaac Merritt, improver of
sewing machine, xxi. 719.
SINGHALESE LANGUAGE AND LITERA
TURE, v. 366; dictionaries of lan
guage, vn. 191.
SlNGHARA, horned water-nut of Kash
mir, XIV. II.
SINGING, xx. 273. See also article
Music.
SINGLETON, Captain, Defoe's book, vn.
28.
SlNGO, province, LTganda, Africa, xxm.
717.
SlNGPHOS, hill tribe, Assam, India, n.
721.
SINGSPIEL, German comic opera, xvn.
99-
SINHALESE LANGUAGE AND LITERA
TURE, v. 366; dictionaries of language,
VII. 191.
SlNlBULDI, Guittoncino de' (Cino da
Pistoia), Italian jurist and poet, V.
786.
SlNIGAGLIA, town, Italy, XXII. 94.
SINIGRIN, principle in mustard, xvn.
112.
SlNIM, of Scripture, v. 626.
SlNlS, of Greek legend, xxm. 294.
SINJAR, Seljuk ruler, xxi. 635.
SlNJlBU, Tartar prince, xxm. 659.
SlNKARAH, lake, Sumatra, xxn. 638.
SlNKIL, town, Sumatra, xxii. 639.
SINKING FUND, for national debts,
xvn. 245.
SINNER, M. de, Swiss philologist, his
relations with Leopardi, XIV. 465.
SINOPE, town, Asiatic Turkey, xxn. 94;
xix. 459; as Greek town, xvm. 227,
850.
SINS, The Seven Deadly, vni. 592.
SINTER, mineral, xvi. 390.
SlNUB (Sinope), town, Asiatic Turkey,
XXII. 94.
SlNUESSA, Italy, Synod of (303), xv.
532-
SlNUPALLlA, suborder of Mollusca, xvi.
685.
SINUS ABRAH^E, limbus patrum, xiv.
646.
SlON, town, Switzerland, xxiv. 31;
organ at, xvn. 837.
SlORAJ, district, India, XIV. 1 54.
SlOUX, American Indians, xn. 827, 831.
CITY, town, Iowa, U.S.A., xxn. 95.
SlPAHI (Sepoy), native Indian soldier,
xxi. 666; 11. 590, 591; xn. 809.
SlPAN-DAGH, mountain, Armenia, xxiv.
53-
SlPHANTO, Sipheno, or Siphno, island,
Greek Archipelago, xxn. 95.
SIPHERE, piece of Mislmic literature,
xvi. 507.
S I P — S K I
407
SIPHNEUS, genus of rodent mammals,
xv. 419.
SIPHON, hydraulic apparatus, xxn. 95.
FLUSH TANK, Field's, xxi. 714.
SIPHONOCHLAMYDA, suborder of Mol-
lusca, xvi. 649.
SIPHONOPHORA, order of Hydrozoa,
xii. 564.
, genus of Myriapoda, xvil. 118.
GRANARIA, wheat pest, xxiv. 535.
SIPHONOPODA, branch of Mollusca, xvi.
666.
SIPHON RECORDER, in telegraphy,
xxiii. 124.
SIPHRO, piece of Mishnic literature,
xvi. 507.
SlPONTUM (Manfredonia), ancient town,
Italy, xv. 479.
SIPPADE, Pierre de la, French romancist,
xx. 658.
SlPUNCULOIDEA, class of Polyzoa, XIX.
43°-
SlPYLUS, Mount, Asia Minor, xv. 98;
xvil. 513; xxni. 48; connexion of
Niobe with, xvn. 513.
SIR, title, xxiii. 417.
SIRACHIDES (Jesus, son of Sirach), XIII.
672.
SlRAjGANJ, town, India, xxn. 95.
SlRAj-UD-DAULA, Bengali ruler, VI. 10;
xii. 801.
SlRANG (Ceram), island, Indian Archi
pelago, v. 344.
Si RANI, people of Bachian, Indian
Archipelago, in. 197.
SIR DARIA, or Syr-Daria (q.v.\ river,
Central Asia, xxil. 818.
SIRE-AA, river, Norway, xvil. 575.
SlREDON, amphibian, xxil. 96; I. 760,
763-
SIREN, amphibian, xxn. 97; skull of,
I. 758.
— , foetal monstrosity, xvi. 764.
, sound-producing instrument, I.
109; xvn. 104.
SIRENIA, order of Mammalia, xv. 389.
SIRENS, of Greek mythology, xxil.
97-
SlRGUJA, state, India, v. 768.
SIRICIUS, pope, xxn. 98; xix. 491.
SIRIPUL, province, Afghanistan, I. 243.
SlRlS, river and town, Lucania, Italy,
xv. 37.
- BRONZES, ancient Greek work,
xvi. 73.
SlRMIUM (Mitrovic), ancient town, Lower
Pannonia, xvm. 213.
SIRMUR, state, Punjab, India, xxn.
98.
SIROCCO DUST, in the atmosphere, x.
266.
SIROHI, state, India, XXII. 98; xx. 260;
town, xxn. 98.
SlROS (Seres), town, Turkey in Europe,
xxi. 675.
SIRRH^E (Seres), ancient town, Turkey,
xxi. 675.
SlRSA, district and town, India, xxil.
98.
SIRUMALAIS, hills, India, xv. 192.
SlSAPON (Almaden), ancient town, Spain,
I. 589.
SlSClA (Sziszek), ancient town, Upper
Pannonia, xvm. 213.
SISKIN, bird, xxil. 99.
SlSMONDl, Jean Charles Leonard de,
Genevese historian and political writer,
xxn. 99, 799; as political economist,
xix. 383.
SlSSERSKlTE, mineral, xvi. 383.
SISTAN, province, Persia, xxil. 100;
xvm. 628; lake, xvm. 620.
MISSION, to Persia, xvm. 653.
SISTERS OF CHARITY, nuns, xvi. 713.
SlSTOVA, town, Bulgaria, xxil. 101.
SlSTRUM, Egyptian rattle, used in
worship, XXIL 102.
SISYPHUS, of Greek mythology, XXIL
102.
SITABALDI, suburb of Nagpur, India,
XVIL 164.
SITALCES, Thracian king, xxiii. 318.
SITAPUR, district, India, xxn. 102.
SlTHONlA, Mount, Macedonia, xv. 138.
SITIFIS (Setif), town, Mauretania,
North Africa, xv. 637.
SITKA, town, Alaska, I. 444.
SlTOUNG (Tsit-toung), river, Burmah,
xxi. 849; xxni. 486.
Sl-TSANG, region, Tibet, xxni. 338.
SITTA, genus of birds, xvn. 665.
SITTANG (Tsit-toung), river, Burmah,
xxi. 849; xxni. 486.
SITTEN (Sion), town, Switzerland, xxiv.
3i-
SlTTlNGBOURNE, town, England, xxil.
102.
SlUT, or Asioot, town, Upper Egypt,
xxn. 103; vil. 775.
SIVA, Hindu deity, iv. 207; vni. 126;
worship of, among Mahrattas, xv.
290.
SIVAGANGA, town, India, xv. 192.
SlVAGIRI, town, India, XXIII. 405.
SIVAITES, tribe, India, xv. 185.
SIVAJI, Mahratta emperor, India, XII.
795, 803; xv. 291.
SIVAKASI, town, India, xxni. 405.
SlVAS, town, Turkey in Asia, xxn. 103;
province, XXIII. 653.
SIVAVAKYAM, Tamil poems, xxni. 44.
SIVERTSON, Sylvester, Norwegian poet,
XVIL 591.
SIWA, oasis, Africa, xvn. 695.
SIWALIK HILLS, India, XL 824, 827;
xxi. 151.
Si WARD, the Strong, Northumbrian
earl, xvn. 571.
SIWAS, town, Turkey in Asia, xxil. 103.
Six MEN'S SONG, early musical piece,
xvn. 83.
SIXTINE CHAPEL, Eome, Michelangelo's
works in, xvi. 231.
SIXTUS I.-III., popes, xxn. 103.
SIXTUS IV., pope, XXIL 103; xix. 503;
xx. 806.
V., pope, XXIL 104; xix. 504.
SlZEBOLl (Apollouia), town, Turkey in
Europe, II. 186.
Sj^ELLAND, island, Denmark, xxiv.
771.
SjOBERG, Erik, Swedish poet, XXIL
757-
SKADAR (Scutari), town, Albania, xxi.
573-
SKAGEN, or Scaw, cape, Denmark, vil.
80.
SKAGERACK, or Skagerrack, channel,
North Sea, xvn. 563; xxn. 737.
SKALLAGRIMSON, Egill, Icelandic
writer, xxi. 368.
SKANDAMALIA, sacred hill, India, xv.
192.
SKANE, district, Sweden, xxn. 737.
SKARABORG, county, Sweden, xxn.
741.
SKARDO, town, Tibet, xiv. 198.
SKARGA, Peter, Polish writer, xix. 301.
SKARGARD, Skiirgaard, or Skjsergaard,
island belt, Norway and Sweden, xvil.
576; XXIL 737.
SKATE, fish, xx. 299.
SKATING, on ice, xxn. 104.
SKAVRONSKA, Martha, wife of Peter the
Great of Russia, xvm. 697; xxi. 97.
SKEAT, Walter William, on alliterative
verse, I. 586.
SKELETON, xxn. 105; of man, i. 820;
of Amphibia, I. 751; of apes, II. 157;
of birds, III. 700; of fishes, XII. 640;
of mammals, XV. 355; of reptiles, XX.
446; of sponges, xxn. 416.
SKELLINGS, islands, Ireland, XIIL 216.
SKELTON, John, English scholar and
poet, xxn. 119; VIIL 415.
SKENE, Loch, Scotland, xxi. 526.
, William Forbes, on Welsh litera
ture, v. 316.
SKERRYVORE LIGHTHOUSE, Scotland,
xiv. 616.
SKETCH DRAWING, vn. 451.
SKETCHES BY Boz, Dickens's work, vn.
174.
SKEW ARCH, in bridges, n. 330.
SKEW-BEVEL WHEELS, xv. 756.
SKEW-SYMMETRY, in mathematics, xix.
797-
SKIDDAW, mountain, England, vi. 697.
SKIDDY, bird, xx. 223.
SKIEN ELV, river, Norway, xvn. 575.
SKIERNEWICE, town, Russian Poland,
xxiv. 375.
SKIFF, boat, xxi. 31.
SKIMMER, bird, xxn. 120.
SKIN, Anatomy of the, I. 897; effect
of bathing on, in. 439; cancer of,
xvin. 382; colour of, as indication of
race, II. in; ingrafting of, xxni. 21;
formation of, on scars, xvin. 366;
sense of touch in, xxiii. 480.
BOTTLES, iv. 167.
408
S K I — S M E
SKIN DISEASES, xxn. 120; due to
parasites, xvm. 269 ; as result of
vaccination, xxiv. 26.
SKINK, lizard, xiv. 735.
SKINNER, John, Scottish clergyman
and song- writer, xxn. 124.
SKINS, furs, ix. 836, 837; for tanning,
xiv. 380, 384.
SKIP, mining box, xvi. 456.
SKIPETARS, or Albanians, people of
Greece, XL 83.
SKIPTON, town, England, xxn. 124.
SKIRRET, vegetable, xn. 288.
SKITTLES, game, xxn. 125.
SKIVERS, variety of leather, xiv. 388.
SKJ^ERGAARD, or Skiirgard, island belt,
Norway and Sweden, xvn. 576; xxn.
737-
SKODA, Joseph, German physician, xv.
817.
SKOGSO, island, Norway, xiv. 769.
SKOPIN, town, Eussia, xxi. 116.
SKOPLIE, town, Turkey, xxiv. 17.
SKOPZI, Russian sect, vni. 667.
SKUA, bird, xxn. 125.
SKULL, or Cranial Skeleton, xxn. 113;
XXIV. 181; Oken's vertebral theory
of, XVII. 751; anatomy of, in man, I.
822; its shape as indication of race,
ii. in; of Amphibia, i. 753; of apes,
II. 157; of birds, ill. 700; of fishes,
XII. 641 ; of mammals, xv. 355; of
reptiles, XX. 449.
SKUNK, carnivorous mammal, xxn.
125; xv. 439; skins of, ix. 839.
SKUPSHTINA, Servian legislature, xxi.
687.
SKUTTERUDITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
SKVIRA, town, Eussia, xxn. 126; xiv. 69.
SKY, Worship of the, XVII. 138, 153;
xxiv. 782.
SKYE, island, Scotland, xxn. 127.
SKYLARK, bird, xiv. 314.
SKY-ROCKET, in pyrotechny, XX. 136.
SLADEK, Joseph V., Bohemian poet,
xxn. 152.
SLAG, of ores, XVI. 62; of iron, XIII. 292,
307-
SLAGELSE, town, Denmark, xxiv. 771.
SLANDER, in law, xiv. 505.
SLATE, argillaceous rock, xxn. 127;
x. 238; strength of, xxn. 603; quar
ries, xvi. 454; xxn. 128.
SLATER-WORK, in building, iv. 500.
SLATE-SPAR, mineral, xvi. 397.
SLAVANSK, town, Eussia, xiv. 57.
SLAVE COAST, West Africa, i. 269.
SLAVERY, xxn. 129; in relation to
labour, xiv. 165; of Negroes, xvn.
319; ancient, XIX. 348; in Barbados,
in. 361; in Ireland and Scotland, v.
800; in Siam, XXI. 852; in United
States, xxni. 747, 752, 757, 763, 769,
781, 821; Jefferson's opposition to,
xin. 615.
, Abolition of, by European and
American states, xxn. 141; by Eng
land, vni. 365; in Jamaica, xin. 551;
Clarkson on, v. 813; Garrison's advo
cacy of, x. 85; AVilberforce's part in,
xxiv. 565.
SLAVES, xxn. 129; torture of, xxni.
462; emancipation of, in Jamaica, xin.
551; colony of freed, in Sierra Leone,
West Africa, xxn. 45.
SLAVE TRADE, xxn. 137; American, as
affected by treaty of Utrecht, xxni.
734; Clarkson on, v. 813.
SLAVONIA, with Croatia, crown-land,
Hungary, VI. 591.
SLAVONIANS, race of people, Europe,
XXII. 145; in Eussia, xxi. 78.
SLAVONIC LANGUAGES, xvin. 785 ;
xxn. 147; dictionaries of, vn. iSS.
SLAVONIC LITERATURE, xxn. 149.
SLAVS, European peoples, xxn. 145;
xix. 285; in Germany, x. 480.
SLAVYANSK, town, Eussia, xxn. 154.
SLEDGE, Eskimo, vni. 545.
HAMMER, XL 425; xvi. 445.
SLEDGE-TRAVELLING, in Arctic ex
plorations, xix. 322.
SLEEP, xxn. 154; dreaming in, vn.
452; hypnotic, xv. 278; of Endymion,
in Greek mythology, vni. 205.
SLEEPERS, Railway, xx. 242.
SLEEPLESSNESS, xxn. 157.
SLEIDANUS, John, German annalist of
the Reformation, xxn. 158.
SLEIGHT OF HAND, xiv. 414; xv.
207.
SLESVIG (Schleswig, q.v.}, xxi. 413.
, town, Prussia, xxi. 413.
SLIDE MOUNTAIN, Catskills, U.S.A.,
xxni. 793.
SLIDE-REST, machine, xv. 153.
SLIDING CONTACT, in applied mech
anics, xv. 756.
S LI EM A, suburb of Valetta, Malta, xv.
340.
SLIEVEBAWN MOUNTAINS, Ireland, xx.
850.
SLIEVE BLOOM MOUNTAINS, Ireland,
xx. 170.
SLIEVE DONARD, mountain, Ireland,
xin. 215.
SLIGO, county and town, Ireland, xxn.
159.
SLIM MOUNTAINS, Malay Peninsula,
xv. 321.
SLINGSBY PAPERS, Willis's, xxiv. 588.
SLIP, Harbour, XL 470.
, in pottery, XIX. 60 1.
SLIPPERS, xxi. 830.
SLIVEN, town, East Eoumelia, Turkey,
xxn. 1 60.
SLIVNO (Sliven), town, East Eoumelia,
Turkey, xxn. 160; department, xxi.
22.
SLIVOVITZA, spirituous liquor, xvin.
692; xxi. 687.
SLOAN-DUPLOYAN SYSTEM, of short
hand, xxi. 840.
SLOANE, Sir Hans, Irish physician and
naturalist, xxn. 160; his bequest to
British Museum, xiv. 515.
SLOBODSKOI, town, Eussia, xxiv. 303.
SLODTZ, Eene Michel, French sculptor,
xxn. 1 60.
SLOE, tree and fruit, xix. 230.
SLONIM, town, Eussia, xxn. 161.
SLOPPESBURY (Shrewsbury), Saxon
town, England, xxi. 845.
SLOTH, edentate mammal, xxn. 161;
xv. 384; its relation to the megather
ium, xv. 829.
— BEAR, carnivorous mammal, xv.
442.
SLOTTING MACHINE, xv. 156.
SLOUGH, town, England, xxn. 162.
SLOVAK LANGUAGE, xxn. 153; dic
tionaries of, vn. 1 88.
SLOVAKS, Slav people, Moravia, xvi.
811; xxn. 145.
SLOVENES, Slav people, Eoumania, xxi.
16; xxn. 145, 147.
SLOVENISH LANGUAGE, xxn. 150;
dictionaries of, vn. iSS.
SLOWACKI, Julius, Polish poet, xix.
304-
SLOW-WORM, lizard, xiv. 735.
SLUBBING FRAME, cotton machine, vi.
494-
SLUDGE, sewage product, xxi. 712.
SLUG, mollusc, xvi. 646, 660; xxn.
187.
SLUTER, Claux, Netherlands sculptor,
xxi. 563.
SLUTSK, town, Eussia, xxn. 162.
SLUYS, Holland, Battle of (1340), IX.
546; xvn. 279.
SMALKALD (Schmalkalden), town, Prus
sia, XXI. 416; articles of (1536), vi.
564.
- LEAGUE (1531), v. 415; x. 498;
xv. 83; xx. 333.
SMALLAGE, wild celery, v. 290.
SMALLPOX, disease, xxn. 162; xvin.
404; in relation to vaccination, xxiv.
28; XIII. 623; quarantine for, xx.
156.
SMALTINE, mineral, vi. Si; xvi. 390.
SMALTS, mineral, vi. 82.
SMARAGDUS MEDICUS, of Pliny,
mineral, xv. 315.
SMART, Christopher, English poet, xxn.
164.
, John, his valuation tables, n. 74.
SMEATON, John, English civil engineer,
xxn. 165; xiv. 616; his diving-bell,
vn. 295.
SMECTYMNUUS, Puritan pamphlet, xvi.
328; iv. 652.
SMELL, xxn. 165; in relation to taste,
xxni. 80; nerve of, I. 885; in bees,
in. 488; organs of, in Amphibia, I.
768; in birds, III. 725; in Crustacea,
vi. 639; in fishes, xn. 652; in mam
mals, xv. 367; in reptiles, xx. 462.
SMELLIE, William, editor of ist edition
of Encyclopaedia Britannica, vni. 200.
S M E — S 0 C
409
SMELT, fish, xxi. 221, 223. 225.
SMELTING, of metals, xvi. 58; of iron,
xm. 291.
SMERDIS, son of Cyrus, xvm. 567.
, The False, Persian king, xvm. 568.
SMETHWICK, town, England, xxn. 168.
SMEW, bird, xvi. 35.
SMIKITE, mineral, xvi. 401.
SMIL of Pardubitz, Bohemian writer,
xxn. 151.
SMILAX, genus of plants, xxi. 313.
SMIRKE, Robert, English painter, xxn.
1 68.
SMITH, Adam, Scottish political econo
mist and ethical philosopher, XXII.
169; xix. 365; his maxims of taxation,
XXlll. 85; his place in English litera
ture, vm. 429; his Theory of Moral
Sentiments, vm. 602.
, Albert, English humorist, XXII.
171.
, Alexander, Scottish poet, xxn. 172.
, Barnabas, stepfather of Sir Isaac
Newton, xvi I. 438.
, Bernard, English organ-builder,
XVII. 837.
, Brough, on Australian geology, III.
1 08.
, Charles Michie, his improvement
of the rain-gauge, XX. 257.
, C. Roach, on ancient London, XIV.
841.
, Colvin, Scottish painter, xxn. 172.
— , Edmund, English writer, xvm.
755-
— , George, on the Babylonian cos
mogonies, VI. 446.
— , Henry John Stephen, mathema
tician, XXII. 172.
— , Horace, joint-author of Rejected
Addresses, XXII. 173.
-, James, joint-author of Rejected
Addresses, xxn. 173.
, James, of Deanston, his system of
draining, I. 304, 331.
, Captain John, English traveller
and adventurer, xxn. 173; XV. 301.
, John Raphael, English painter
and mezzotint engraver, xxil. 176.
, Joseph, founder of the Mormons,
xvi. 825.
— , Leigh, Arctic explorer, xix. 325.
— , Robert Angus, 011 the constituent
gases of the atmosphere, in. 35.
, Sydney, English moralist and
critic, xxil. 177.
-, Sir Thomas, English scholar and
diplomatist, xxil. 178.
-, William, English geologist, xxn.
178.
, William, of Woolston, English
agriculturist, I. 314.
— , William, Lollard ascetic, xiv. 811.
, William Henry, English moralist,
xxn. 179.
— , Sir William Sidney, English
admiral, xxil. 179.
SMITHFIELD MARKET, London, xiv.
828, 845.
SMITHSON, Sir Hugh, duke of North
umberland, xvm. 523.
, Miss, Irish actress, ill. 598.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washing
ton, U.S.A., xxn. 223; xxiv. 384.
SMITHSONITE, mineral, xvi. 398.
SMITH-WORK, in building, iv. 510.
SMOKE, of London, xiv. 827.
ABATEMENT, xxn. 179.
SMOKING, of tobacco, xxin. 423; pipes
for, XIX. 1 10.
SMOKY MOUNTAINS, North Carolina,
U.S.A., xvn. 559.
SMOLEN, island, Norway, xvn. 576.
SMOLENSK, government, Russia, xxn.
183; as principality, xxi. 89; town,
xxn. 183.
SMOLLETT, Tobias George, Scottish
novelist, xxn. 183; as satirist, xxi.
320; his place in English literature,
vni. 431.
SMOLT, young salmon, xvni. 320; xxi.
224.
SMUGGLING, xxn. 185; in relation to
taxation, xxin. 86.
SMYRNA, town, Asia Minor, xxn. 185;
coins of, XVII. 647; province, XXlll.
653-
, Epistle of the Church at, on Poly-
carp's martyrdom, XIX. 415.
SMYTH'S OBSERVATORY, Bedford, Eng
land, xvn. 711.
SNAEFELL, mountain, Isle of Man, xv.
450.
SNAIL, mollusc, xxn. 187; xvi. 646,
660; development of the river-snail,
xvi. 638.
SNAKE-BIRD, xxn. 188.
SNAKE-BITE, Number of deaths from,
xxn. 191.
SNAKE-FLY, xni. 151.
SNAKE ISLAND, West Indies, n. 46;
xxiv. 261.
SNAKE-NUT, xvn. 664.
SNAKE-POISON, XXIL 191.
SNAKE RIVER, Oregon and Washington
Territory, U.S.A., xvn. 822; xxiv.
386.
SNAKE-ROOT, plant, xxn. 189.
SNAKES, order of reptiles, xxn. 189;
classification of, XX. 439, 445; olfac
tory organs of, xxil. 166; reproduc
tion of, xx. 409; Aristotle on, xx.
432-
SNAKE-STONE, xxn. 199.
SNEEK, town, Netherlands, xxn. 199.
SNEEZING, abnormal form of respira
tion, xx. 479.
SNELL (Snellius), Willebrord, Dutch
astronomer, xxi 1. 199; his measurement
of arc of meridian, vn. 597; his con
tributions to navigation, xvil. 255; on
squaring the circle, xxn. 434.
SNEYD, Houora, Major Andre's love for,
n. 19.
SNIADECKI, John, Polish philosopher,
xix. 306.
SINPE, bird, XXIL 200; shooting, XXL
834.
SNOB PAPERS, Thackeray's, xxin. 214.
SNOILSKY, Count Karl, Swedish poet,
xxn. 758.
SNORING, abnormal form of respiration,
xx. 479.
SNORRO STURLUSON, Icelandic histo
rian, xxn. 201; vn. 649; xn. 622,
625; xxi. 368.
SNOTINGAHAM (Nottingham), ancient
town, England, xvn. 600.
SNOW, in meteorology, XVI. 154; geo
logical effects of, X. 280.
SNOWBALL TREE, XL 244.
SNOWDON, mountain, Wales, v. 118.
SNOWDROP, plant, xxn. 201.
— TREE, n. 320.
SNOW-GAUGE, Glaisher's, xx. 257.
SNOW-LINE, vi. 2; x. 280, 627; xvi.
154; of Himalayas, XL 830.
SNOW-SHOES, xxn. 201.
SNUFF, xxin. 426; adulteration of, i.
174.
SNYDERS, Franz, Flemish painter, xxn.
202.
SOAP, xxn. 202; action of water on,
xxiv. 399; scented, xvni. 526.
SOAP-BARK, xxn. 204.
SOAP-BUBBLE, Surface-tension of, v. 65.
SOAP NUT, xvn. 665.
SOAP POWDER, xxn. 204.
SOAP-TREE OIL, xvn. 744.
SOAR, river, England, xvn. 598.
SOBA, town, ancient Palestine, xni.
405.
SOBAT, affluent of Nile, Africa, xvn.
507, 508.
SOBBING, abnormal form of respiration,
xx. 479.
SOBIESKI, John III., king of Poland,
xni. 714; xix. 295; defeat of the
Turks by (1683), xiv. 466.
SOBOLES, underground stem of plants,
IV. 98.
SOBRANIYE, provincial assembly, Russia,
XXI. 70.
SOBRAON, India, Battle of (1846), xx.
112.
SOCAGE, land tenure, XXH. 204; XX. 305.
SOC AND SAC, Cinque Port right, v.
786.
SOCCINI (Socinus, q.v.), xxn. 228.
SOCCOLANTES, Franciscan monks, IX.
699.
SOCHACZEW, town, Russian Poland,
xxiv. 375.
SOCHAN, river, Central Asia, xvni. 103.
SOCIABLE GROSBEAK, bird, xxiv. 463.
SOCIAL DEMOCRATS, German political
party, xxil. 215.
SOCIALISM, xxn. 205; .vi. 211; its
economic aspects, Xix. 393 ; failures of,
VI. 219; in Germany, X. 513; xiv.
321; Fourier's system, ix. 489; Owen's
XXV. — 52
410
0 C — S 0 L
promotion of, XVIII. 87; Proudhon's
ideas, xix. 867; Rodbertus's system,
XX. 616 ; Saint-Simon's teachings,
XXI. 197; Saint-Simonism in France,
vill. 21 1 ; Stoic doctrine of, xxil. 569.
SOCIALISTIC FEELINGS, in psychology,
xx. 70.
SOCIETAS, in Roman law, XVIII. 329.
SOCIETIES, Scientific, archaeological, and
literary, xxil. 221'; Bible, in. 649;
missionary, XVI. 515 ; tract, XXIII.
494. See also Guild.
SOCIETY, Robertson's drama, XX. 598.
, Royal, of London, xxi. 38.
ISLANDS, Pacific Ocean, xxm. 22.
OF JESUS, or Jesuits (q.v.), xm. 645.
SOCINIANISM, theological doctrine, XI 1 1.
671.
SOCINUS, or Sozini, Fausto Paolo,
Italian theologian, xxil. 229; in
Poland, xxm. 725.
, Lelio Francesco Maria, Italian
theologian, xxn. 228.
SOCIOLOGY, science of the development
of society, vin. 619; xvni. 796; xix.
347; Conite's conceptions of, VI. 235;
in relation to statistics, XXIL 464;
societies, xxn. 226.
SOCORRO, town, NeAV Mexico, U.S.A.,
xxil. 231.
SOCOTRA, island, Indian Ocean, xxn.
231 ; I. 272.
SOCRATES, Greek philosopher, xxil.
231; his views of the beautiful, I. 215;
his ethical teaching, vin. 577 ; his
logic, xiv. 784; his philosophy, xvi.
8 1 ; in relation to Plato, xix. 194,
198; his relation to scepticism, XXI.
379; to the sophists, xxil. 263; Xeno-
phon's Memorabilia of, xxiv. 721.
, Byzantine church historian, xxil.
238; compared with Sozomen, XXI I.
292.
SOCRATICS, school of Greek philosophy,
xxn. 237, 266.
SODA, sodium oxide, xxn. 240; salts
of, xvni. 92; nitrate of, xvil. 517;
deposits of nitrate in Peru, xvin. 675;
as manure, XV. 509.
— , Washing, XXII. 243.
SODA-ALUM, i. 645.
SODALITE, mineral, xvi. 412.
SODA-MlCA, mineral, xvi. 413.
SODEN, spa, Germany, xvi. 434.
, Julius von, German economist,
xix. 387.
SODERINI, Piero, gonfalonier, Florence,
xv. 147; xix. 121.
SODERMANLAND, county, Sweden, XXIL
741.
SODIUM, chemical element, xxil. 240;
v. 524; chlorate of, its enantiomor-
phism, XIX. 314; chloride, XXI. 228;
cyanide of, xx. 23; sulphate of, x.
675; as plant food, XIX. 49.
SODOM ancient town, Palestine, VII. 2;
xv. 8, xvni. 803.
SODOMA, or Sodona, II (Giannantonio
Bazzi), Italian painter, xxn. 245.
SODOR AND MAN, Bishopric of, xiv.
694; xv. 453; origin of the title, XL
607.
SOEST, town, Westphalia, Prussia, xxn.
245.
SOZUR, Hubert le, French sculptor, XXI.
560.
SOFALA, town, East Africa, xxn. 246;
I. 270; xvn. 7.
SOFFIONI, mineral water jets, Italy,
xxiv. 399.
SOFIA, town, Bulgaria, xxn. 246.
Sons, or Sufis, Mohammedan sect, VII.
113; xxn. 662. See also Sufisni.
SOFIYSK, town, Eastern Siberia, XV.
549-
SOFT SOAP, xxn. 204.
SOGDIANA, province, ancient Persia,
xxn. 246; iv. 2; xvni. 101, 583, 586,
592; XXIV. 781; conquest of, by
Alexander, xv. 141.
SOGNE FJORD, Norway, xvn. 576.
SOHAR, town, Arabia, xxn. 246.
SOHO, Birmingham, England, manu
factory of steam-engines at, ill. 785;
iv. 172.
SOIL, in agriculture, I. 306; drainage of,
I. 328; for gardens, xn. 217, 232; in
relation to manure, XV. 506; produc
tion of, X. 265; chemistry of soils,
xiv. 567.
SoiL-PiPES, for sewage, xxi. 715.
SOILS, Chemistry of, xiv. 567.
SOISSONS, town, France, xxn. 247;
congress of (1727), VI. 270.
SOKEMAN, Free, Law of inheritance
from, xix. 734.
SOKNA, town, Fezzan, Africa, IX. 130.
SOKOLNIKI, forest, Russia, XVI. 859.
SOKOTO, kingdom and town, Central
Africa, XXIL 248, 279.
SOKOTOFF, town, Russian Poland, xxn.
37-
SOLAIMAN, Omayyad caliph, xvi. 574.
SOLAN GOOSE, bird, x. 70.
SOLANIA, vegetable alkaloid, xvn. 499.
SOLANI RIVER, India, Aqueduct across,
II. 222.
SOLANO, missionary to Paraguay, xvni.
245.
SOLANUM, genus of plants, xvn. 499;
xix. 593, 595.
SOLAR CYCLE, iv. 669.
SOLAR DAY, n. 771.
SOLARIO, Andrea, Italian painter, xxi.
437-
, Antonio, Neapolitan painter, xxn.
249.
SOLAR PARALLAX, xvni. 245.
SOLAR RADIATION, xvi. 116.
SOLAR STEARIN, product from lard,
xiv. 312.
SOLAR SYSTEM, n. 778; xxn. 650;
nebular theory of, xvn. 310; influ
ence of tidal friction on, XXIII. 380;
Herschel on its motion in space, XI
767.
SOLAR TIDES, xxm. 354, 365, 368.
SOLAR ZODIAC, xxiv. 791.
SOLDAN, Mariano Felipe Paz, Peruvian
geographer, xvni. 675.
SOLDER, metallic cement, xxn. 249.
SOLDIER-BIRD, XII. 139.
SOLDIERS, Training of, xxiv. 353; diet
for, vn. 212. See Army.
SOLE, in architecture, n. 473.
-, fish, xxn. 249.
SOLECISM, in speech, xxn. 251.
SOLEIMAN, Moorish caliph, in Spain,
xxn. 315.
SOLEMN LEAGUE AND COVENANT
(1643), in Scotland, vi. 530; XL 651:
xxi. 512, 513.
SOLENODONTID/E, family of insecti
vorous mammals, xv. 404.
SOLENOID, electromagnetic apparatus,
vin. 71 ; solenoidal magnetization,
xv. 229.
SOLEURE (Solothurn), canton, Switzer
land, xxn. 250, 788; town, xxn.
250.
SOLFERINO, Italy, Battle of (1859), in.
139; ix. 624; xni. 490.
SOLI, ancient town, Asia Minor, xxn.
250.
SOLICITOR, legal practitioner, xxn. 251;
in. 62.
SOLICITOR-GENERAL, legal officer,
xxn. 251; in. 63.
SOLID, SOLIDS, distinguished from
fluids, xix. 240; vi. 310; xn.
439 ; rigid, statics of a, xv. 728,
732-
SOLIDS, in mathematics, Cubature of,
xni. 53; mensuration of, xvi. 22.
SOLIDUS, coin, xvn. 655.
SOLIHULL, town, England, xxiv.
379-
SOLIKAMSK, town, Russia, xvni. 550.
SOLIMAN, or Sulainian, shah of Persia,
xvni. 639.
, or Suleyman, I., Turkish sultan,
XXII. 251; XXIII. 643; his dealings
with Persia, xvni. 636.
II., Turkish sultan, XXin. 645.
SOLIMOENS, or Amazon, river, South
America, I. 654, 674; iv. 221.
SOLINGEN, town, Rhenish Prussia,
XXIL 251.
SOLINUS, Salmasius's notes on, xxi.
220.
SOLIS, Antonio de, Spanish dramatist
and historian, xxi I. 251.
, Juan Diaz de, explorer of River
Plate, n. 488; xxiv. 1 6.
, Virgil, Nuremberg metal-worker,
XIX. 184.
, Rio de (River Plate), South
America, xix. 187.
SOLITAIRE, bird of Reunion, in. 732.
SOLITARY CONFINEMENT, for prisoners,
xix. 753.
S 0 L — S 0 R
411
SOLMONA (Sulmona), town, Italy, xxn.
634-
SOLO, river, Java, xm. 601.
SOLOGNE, district, France, XIV. 809.
SOLOMON, king of Israel, xxn. 251;
xm. 405.
— , Proverbs of, XIX. 879.
, Psalms, or Psalter, of, apocalyptic
hymns, ll. 181; on the Messiah, XVI.
55-
, Song of, or Canticles, v. 32.
, Temple of, n. 392; xxm. 166.
, Wisdom of, in Apocrypha, II.
181.
of Al-Basrah, Syriac writer, XXII.
'55-
ISLANDS, South Pacific, xxn. 252;
xv. 835.
SOLON, Athenian legislator, xxn. 253;
XL 96; xix. 130.
SOLOTHURN (Soleure), canton, Switzer
land, xxn. 250, 788; town, xxii.
250.
SOLOVIEFF, Sergius, Russian historian,
xxi. 108.
SOLPUGIDEA, order of Arachnida, II.
280.
SOLTSY, town, Russia, XX. 36.
SOLUTION, physical process, vil. 217.
SOLVYTCHEGODSK, town, Russia, XXIV.
283.
SOLWAY Moss, England, Battle of
(1542), xxi. 499.
SOLYMA, Mount, Asia Minor, XV. 94.
SOLYMAN, shall of Persia, xvm. 639.
I., Turkish sultan, xxii. 251;
xxm. 643; his relations with Persia,
xvm. 636.
II., Turkish sultan, XXIII. 645.
SOMA, a drink, in Brahmanical ritual,
IV. 205 ; as a deity, IV. 205 ; vil.
249.
SOMADEVA, Sanskrit tales, xxm. 27.
SOMALI, or Somal, people of Central
Africa, xxii. 255; I. 263; country, I.
150, 271.
SOMATERIA, genus of birds, VIL 789;
xix. 252.
SOMATOTROPISM, in vegetable physio
logy, xix. 60.
SOMBRERETE, town, Mexico, XXIV.
761.
SOMERS, Lord, lord chancellor of Eng
land, xxn. 256.
SOMERSET, county, England, xxn. 257;
coalfield, VI. 52.
— , Edward Seymour, duke of, pro
tector of England, xxn. 259; VIL
686; as aspirant to English crown,
vin. 327; invasion of Scotland by,
xxi. 500.
, Robert Carr, earl of, favourite of
James I. of England, xxn. 260.
, Fitzroy James Henry, Lord Rag
lan, xx. 220.
HOUSE, London, n. 444 ; xiv.
8->8
838.
SOMERS'S ISLANDS, or Bermudas (q.v.),
in. 18, 599.
SOMERVILLE, part of Boston, Massa
chusetts, U.S.A., xxn. 260.
, Mary, Scottish scientific writer,
xxn. 260.
SOMMA, Monte, precipice, Mount Vesu
vius, Italy, xxiv. 195.
SOMMARIVA, political party, mediaeval
Italy, xiv. 768.
SOMME, department, France, XXII. 261;
river, ix. 506.
SOMMERFELD, town, Prussia, XXII.
261.
SOMMERING, Samuel Thomas, anato
mist, I. 8 1 6.
SOMMERS, Will, English court jester,
IX. 366.
SOMNAMBULISM, xv. 280; xxn. 157.
SOMNATH, town, India, XXII. 261; cap
ture of, by Malunud (1025), XV.
287.
-, or Somnauth, Gates of, at Agra,
India, X. 560; vin. 147.
SOMNIUM SCIPIONIS, Cicero's, com
mented on by Macrobius, xv. 167.
SOMOROSTRO, Spain, Mines of, III. 787.
SOMPNOUR, in law, xxn. 642.
SONATA, in music, xvn. 95.
SONDERBUND, Swiss league, XV. 40;
xxii. 795.
SONDERSHAUSEN, Schwarzburg-, princi
pality, Germany, xxi. 461.
SONDRIO, town, Italy, xxiv. 45.
SON FJELL, mountain, Sweden, XXII.
736.
SONG, of birds, in. 770.
, in music, xvn. 84.
, in poetry, xix. 272.
SONGARI, river, Siberia, I. 747.
SONGARIA (Dzungaria), region, Central
Asia, vn. 587; xxm. 632, 639.
SONG-Coi, or Song-Koi, river, Cochin
China and Tong-King, vi. 93; xxm.
439-
SONG OF HIAWATHA, Longfellow's poem,
xiv. 861.
SONG OF THE SHIRT, Hood's poem, xn.
146.
SONG OF SOLOMON, or Canticles, v. 32.
SONG OF SONGS, or Canticles, v. 32.
SONG OF THE THREE HOLY CHIL
DREN, in Apocrypha, II. 181.
SONGS OF INNOCENCE, by Blake, in.
805.
SONHRAY GROUP, of Negroes, xvn.
SON- KONG (Mekong), river, Asia, xv.
832-
SONNE, Danish painter, vn. 94.
SONNEBERG, town, Germany, XXI.
348.
SONNENFELS, Joseph, Frcilierr von,
Austrian economist, Xix. 364.
SONNENSTEIN, fortress, Saxony, Xix.
118.
SONNERAT, Pierre, on birds, xvni. 7.
SONNET, in poetry, xxn. 261 ; xix. 273.
SONNETS, Shakespeare's, xxi. 764.
, Wordsworth's, xxiv. 676.
SONRHAI EMPIRE, of Timbuktu, Cen
tral Africa, xxm. 391.
SONS OF LIBERTY, American revolu
tionary organization, xxm. 738.
SONTSOS, family of modem Greek poets,
XL 151.
SOO-CHOW, or Soo-chow Foo, town,
China, v. 635; xxn. 617.
SOOR, town, Arabia, n. 255.
SOOREE (Suri), town, India, ill. 697.
SOOT, as manure, I. 352; xv. 512; as
source of sal-ammoniac, I. 741.
SOOTHSAYERS, diviners, xix. 727; xv.
199.
SOPENG, Kingdom of, Celebes, Indian
Archipelago, V. 289.
SOPH, En, the Deity in the Kabbalah,
xm. Su.
SOPHIA, town, Bulgaria, xxn. 246.
, Roman empress, her insulting
message to Narses, xvn. 234.
, sister of Peter the Great of Russia,
XVIII. 698; XXI. 96.
DOROTHEA, wife of George I. of
England, XXII. 263.
SOPHISTES, Plato's dialogue, xix. 207.
SOPHISTRY, in Greek philosophy, xxn.
264.
SOPHISTS, in history of Greek philo
sophy, xxn. 263; vin. 576; xx. 514;
scepticism of, XXI. 378; Philostratus's
Lives of the, xvni. 797.
SOPHOCLES, Greek dramatist, xxn. 271;
vn. 405; XL 140.
SOPHONISBA, Carthaginian heroine, xv.
609.
SOPHORA, genus of trees, n. 320.
SOPHRON of Syracuse, Greek comedian,
xxii. 274, 1 6.
SOPHRONIUS, patriarch of Jerusalem,
xvi. 758.
SOPRON (Oedenburg), town, Hungary,
XVII. 730.
SOPRONIUM (Sopron), Roman town,
Hungary, xvn. 730.
SORA, town, Italy, xxn. 275.
•, bird, xx. 223.
SORABI, or Sorbs (q.v.\ xxi. 353.
SORANUS, anatomist of Ephesus, I. 804;
in Rome, xv. 802.
SORATH, district, India, xiv. 15.
SORAU, town, Prussia, xxn. 275.
SORBENBURG, castle at Saalfeld, Ger
many, XXI. 122.
SORBON, Robert de, founder of the Sor-
bonne, Paris, xvni. 288; XXII. 275.
SORBONNE, college, Paris, xxn. 275;
ix. 543; xvni. 280, 288.
SORBS, Slavonic people, xxi. 353; xxn.
145, 147; language and literature of,
xxn. 153, 154; dictionaries of lan
guage, vn. 1 88.
SORCERY, or Magic, vn. 63; xv. 199;
punishment for, xxiv. 619.
412
0 K — S P A
SOREDIA, reproductive organs of lichens,
xx. 423.
' SORE-EYED PIGEON, bird, xxi. 782.
SOREL, town, Canada, xx. 167; xxi.
181.
, Agnes, mistress of Charles VII. of
France, v. 411.
SORELLA CASTLE, Sora, Italy, xxn. 275.
SOREX, genus of insectivorous mam
mals, xxi. 843; xv. 403.
SORGHUM, Indian millet, vii. 564; xvi.
321; sugar from, XXII. 628.
SORIA, province and town, Spain, XXII.
276.
SORICID/E, family of insectivorous
mammals, XV. 403.
SORO, town, Denmark, xxiv. 771.
SOROPHORA, order of Protozoa, XIX.
840.
SOROPITA, Fernao Rodrigues Lobo,
Portuguese satirist, XIX. 556.
SOROPLEX, genus of birds, xxiv. 652.
SORREL, vegetable, xn. 288.
SORRENTO, town, Italy, xxn. 276.
SORTILEGE, divination by the lot, vn.
293-
SosiGENES, Alexandrian astronomer,
xxii. 276.
, Peripatetic philosopher, xxii. 277.
SOSNA, river, Russia, xxi. 74.
SOSNITZA, town, Russia, xxni. 96.
Soss, Babylonian numerical term, xvn.
626.
SOTER, Antiochus I., king of Syria, II.
133; XVlll. 587.
, Demetrius I., king of Persia and
Syria, vii. 58; xm. 422; xvin. 590.
, Ptolemy I., king of Egypt, vii. 745.
SOTERIOLOGY, doctrine of salvation,
St Paul's, xvin. 425, 427.
SOTIES, early French comedies, IX. 645.
SOTO, Ferdinando de, Spanish explorer,
vii. 131.
SOTS, Prince des, head of French Enfans
sans Souci, IX. 645.
SOUBISE, Benjamin de Rohan, Due de,
Huguenot, xxii. 277.
, Charles de Rohan, Prince de,
French marshal, xxii. 277; ix. 589.
SOUCHONG, tea, xxni. 99.
SOUDAN, region, Central Africa, xxii.
277; Negroes of, xvn. 316; XXII.
278; slave trade in, xxii. 143.
SOUIMANGA, bird, XXII. 651.
SOUL, Doctrine of the, in animistic
philosophy, II. 55; in Indian philo
sophy, XXI. 289; xvin. 685; xxiv.
117; Buddhist, IV. 433; xvin. 685;
Aristotle's, II. 522; Plato's, xix. 199,
203, 209; Stoic, xxii. 563, 565; Xeno-
crates's, xxiv. 719; Zoroastrian, xxiv.
822; in Biblical psychology, xxill.
276; St Paul's, xvin. 424, 426; in
Christian eschatology, vin. 535; Ori-
gen's, XVII. 843; in phrenology, xvm.
843 ; materialistic and spiritualistic
theories, II. 109.
SOUL, Immortality of, Kant on, xm. 854.
See also Immortality.
SOULOUQUE, Faustin, emperor of Hayti,
XL 546.
SOULS, Transmigration of, xvi. 806; in
Buddhist doctrine, IV. 433. See also
Metempsychosis.
SOULT, Nicolas Jean de Dieu, marshal
of France, XXII. 279.
SOUND, Science of, I. 100; compared
with light, xxiv. 452; more audible
in moist air, I. 199; effect of mag
netization on, xv. 270; musical, xvn.
102; notation, Sweet's, xxii. 385;
differences in quality of, vii. 593; in
relation to telephony, xxni. 127 ;
speed of, I. 104; xxiv. 418; of voice
in speaking, XVlll. 8n; Weber's law
in relation to, xxiv. 471.
SOUNDBOARD, of organ, xvn. 828.
SOUNDING, of sea-depths, xxii. 280,
713; xvil. 268; in Pacific Ocean,
XVIII. 120.
— PLATES, in acoustics, i. 113.
SOUSA E VASCONCELLOS, Luis do,
count of Castel Melhor, Portuguese
statesman, xix. 549.
SOUSLIK, rodent mammal, xv. 560.
SOUTERASI, hydraulic obelisks, at Con
stantinople, II. 221.
SOUTH, Sir James, his observatory,
London, xvil. 71 1.
, Robert, English divine, xxii. 281.
AFRICAN REPUBLIC, or Transvaal,
xxiii. 516.
SOUTHAM, town, England, XXIV. 379.
SOUTH AMERICA, i. 669; birds of, in.
744; cattle, v. 246; coalfields, VI. 60;
fishes, xii. 673; Indians, I. 89; rain
fall, xvi. 153.
SOUTHAMPTON, town, England, xxn.
282; county (Hampshire), XI. 430.
, Earl of, Shakespeare's connexion
with, xxi. 756.
SOUTH AUSTRALIA, British colony,
xxii. 283; mines, xvi. 471; news
papers, XVIL 437; railways, xx. 253;
wine industry, xxiv. 611.
SOUTH BEND, town, Indiana, U.S.A.,
xxn. 286.
SOUTH CAROLINA, State, U.S.A., xxn.
286; its ordinance of nullification,
xxiii. 764.
SOUTHCOTT, Joanna, English mystic,
XXII. 289.
SOUTHDOWN SHEEP, i. 392.
SOUTHEND, town, England, xxn. 289.
SOUTHERNS, Thomas, Irish dramatist,
XXII. 289; vn. 435.
SOUTHEY, Caroline, English poetess,
xxii. 289.
, Robert, English poet, xxn. 289;
his translation of Amadis of Gaul, I.
650; his place in English literature,
viil. 433.
SOUTH KENSINGTON MUSEUM, London,
xiv. 837.
SOUTH ORKNEY, islands, Antarctic
Ocean, xvn. 407.
SOUTH POLAR REGION, xix. 329.
SOUTHPORT, town, England, XXII. 291.
SoUTHSEA,part of Portsmouth, England,
xix. 534.
SOUTH SEA COMPANY, vi. 221.
SOUTH SEA FUND, English, ix. 183.
SOUTH SEA ISLANDS, Christian missions
to, xvi. 516.
SOUTH SHETLAND, islands, Antarctic
Ocean, xvn. 407.
SOUTH SHIELDS, town, England, xxi.
802.
SOUTH WAR K, district of London, xiv.
821, 843; xxii. 693.
SOUTHWELL, Robert, English poet, vin.
418.
SOUTHWOLD, town, England, xxn. 622.
SOUVESTRE, Emile, French novelist,
XXII. 291.
SOUZA, Madame de, French novelist,
xvi. 829.
SOVEREIGN, Prerogatives of the, xix.
673-
— STATES, Relations of, in inter
national law, xin. 191.
SOVEREIGNTY, in relation to law, xiv.
357; titles of, xxni. 417.
SOWANS, article of food, xvn. 696.
Sow BUG, crustacean, vi. 658.
SOWERBY, George, English conchologist,
XXII. 291.
, James, English botanical draughts
man, xxn. 291.
BRIDGE, town, England, xxn.
291.
SOWING, Implements for, I. 320.
SOZINI, or Socinus (q.v.), XXII. 228.
SOZOMEN, church historian, xxn. 291.
SOZOPOLIS (Apollonia), town, Thrace,
n. 186.
SOZZINI, or Socinus (q.v.), xxn. 229.
SPA, town, Belgium, xxn. 292; mineral
water of, xvi. 434.
SPACCIO, Bruno's treatise, IV. 400.
SPACE, Knowledge of, how reached, in
psychology, XX. 54; in relation to
measurement, XV. 66 1; idea of, in
Locke's philosophy, XIV. 759 ; in
Hume's, xii. 353 ; in Kant's, xvin.
851.
SPADAITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
SPADELLA, genus of worms, xxi. 148.
SPAGNO, Lo, Italian painter, xxn. 292.
SPAGNOLETTO, Lo (Giuseppe de Ribera),
Spanish painter, xx. 532.
SPAGYRISTS, school of alchemists, v.
459-
SPAIN, xxn. 293 (including geography
and statistics, 293 ; history, 304;
language, 346; literature, 352; with
index, 365) ; connexion of, with
Phoenicia, xvin. 806; conquest of, by
Carthaginians, xx. 748, 750; conquest
of, by the Romans, xx. 750, 780;
Iberians of, xn. 604; Goths in, x.
S P A — S P E
413
851; Vandals in, xxiv. 58; under
Sertorius, XXI. 684; conquest of, by
the Arabs, n. 258; xvi. 573, 579; the
Armada, II. 543 ; discoveries of
Columbus for, vi. 172; connexion of,
with Holland, XII. 74 ; Inquisition
in, xill. 93; invasion of Italy by (1501),
xill. 481; conquest of Mexico by,
xvi. 214; invasion of, by Napoleon I.,
xvii. 213; Peninsular War (1808-12),
IX. 616; revoltof Peru from,xvill. 6785
in time of Philip II., xvm. 744; rela
tions with the popedom, VI. 242; XX.
324; domination over Portugal under
Philip II., xix. 547 ; influence of
Renaissance in, XX. 389; Wellington's
campaigns in, xxiv. 495 ; ancient
agriculture of, I. 293; Arabian philo
sophy in, II. 268; Gothic architecture,
II. 432; army, II. 613; birds, XVIII.
17 ; coalfields, VI. 58 ; coins of
(ancient), xvii. 635; coins of (modern),
xvii. 655; colonies, VI. 158; colonies
in America, I. 708 ; occupation of
Canary Islands, IV. 796; drama, IV.
660; vii. 419; forests, ix. 403; Jews
in, xill. 685; libraries, xiv. 532, 549;
mines, xvi. 468; newspapers, XVII.
431; observatories, xvii. 713; oyster
culture, xvm. 108; periodical litera
ture, xvm. 543; pottery, xix. 622,
628; prison system, xix. 762; rail
ways, xx. 251; weights and measures,
xxiv. 490; wine industry, xxiv. 607.
SPAIN, Era of, v. 715.
SPALACID^;, family of rodent mammals,
xv. 419.
SPALACOTHERIUM, fossil mammal, xv.
376.
SPALATIN, George, German humanist
and Reformer, XXII. 365.
SPALATO, town, Dalmatia, xxn. 366.
SPALDING, town, England, xxn. 367.
, Solomon, writer of the Book of
Mormon, xvi. 826.
, William, Scottish logician and
literary historian, xxn. 367 ; his
logic, xiv. 800.
SPALLANZANI, Lazaro, Italian scientist,
xxn. 367.
SPAN^EMIA, or Ansemia (q.v.), disease,
xm. 359-
SPANDAU, town, Prussia, xxn. 368.
SPANDREL, in architecture, n. 473.
SPANGENBERG, August Gottlieb, bishop
of the Moravian Brethren, XXII. 368.
SPANGLE GALLS, xn. 574.
SPANIEL, dog, vn. 328.
SPANISH BALLADS, Lockhart's, xiv.
763-
SPANISH DRAMA, iv. 660; vn. 419.
SPANISH FLIES, or Cantharides, ¥.31;
vi. 133; xix. 278.
SPANISH FOWLS, i. 401.
SPANISH GRASS, or Esparto, vin. 547.
SPANISH HEAD, promontory, Isle of
Man, xv. 450.
SPANISH LANGUAGE, xxn. 346; xiv.
340; XX. 668; dictionaries of, VII. 185.
SPANISH LITERATURE, xxn. 352; early
romances, XX. 653; Provencal, xix.
872.
SPANISH MACKEREL, fish, xv. 159.
SPANISH MARRIAGES, Negotiation of
the, xxii. 346.
SPANISH PEPPER, vegetable, xn. 280.
SPANISH STUDENT, Longfellow's poem,
xiv. 861.
SPANISH SUCCESSION, Question of the,
vin. 352; ix. 575; xxn. 334; war of
the, in. 126; IX. 580; x. 502; xiv.
466.
SPANISH TOWN, island, West Indies,
xxiv. 261.
SPANISH TOWN, town, Jamaica, xni.
550.
SPAR, mineral, xvi. 401, 415, 417.
SPARK RECORDER, in telegraphy,
xxiii. 124.
SPARLING, or Spirling, fish, xxi. 223.
SPARROW, bird, xxii. 369.
SPARROW-HAWK, bird, XL 534; skull
of nestling, in. 714.
-, Kestrel, bird, xiv. 54.
SPARS, of ships, xxi. 153, 594.
SPARTA, state, ancient Greece, xxn.
369; XI. 93, 102; contests with the
Achaean League, xvni. 790; contests
with Megalopolis, xv. 827; relations
to the Olympian festivals, XVII. 766;
Peloponnesian War, xvm. 533; rela
tions with Persia, xvni. 576; under
Cleomenes, v. 824; under Lycurgus,
xv. 95; army of, n. 560; nobility,
xvii. 527; slaves in, xxn. 131.
SPARTACUS, leader of Servile War,
Rome, xxii. 371; xx. 762.
SPARTANBURG, town, South Carolina,
U.S.A., xxii. 288.
SPARTIANUS, ^Elius, Augustan historian,
in. 74.
SPAS, Mineral, xvi. 433.
SPASM, or Cramp, VI. 543.
SPASO - MIROJSKII MONASTERY, at
Pskoff, Russia, xx. 36.
SPASSK, town, Ryazan, Russia, XXI.
116.
, town, Tamboff, Russia, xxm. 41.
SPATHA, ancient Roman sword, n. 554.
SPATHOSE IRON ORES, xni. 287.
SPATULA, genus of birds, xxi. 842.
SPAWNING, of fish, ix. 244; of salmon,
xxi. 224.
SPEAKER, of House of Commons, xvm.
3ii-
SPEAKING AUTOMATA, xv. 208.
SPEAKING TRUMPET, xxm. 594.
SPEAR HEADS, Ancient, n. 553.
SPEARMINT, plant, xvi. 491.
SPECIAL PLEADING, in law, xix. 218.
SPECIE, Cost of remittance of, vm.
792.
SPECIES, in logic and biology, xxii.
372; relation of, to genus, xxiv. 78;
origin of, in. 689; vin. 749; xxiv.
76, 817.
SPECIES, Origin of, Darwin's book, m.
689; vin. 749, 764; xxiv. 77, 81, 817.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY, xn. 536; of metals,
table of, xvi. 66. Compare xn. 541.
SPECIFIC HEAT, XL 576.
SPECTACLES, or Eye-Glasses, xxn. 372;
xvi. 258.
SPECTATOR, serial essays by Addison,
Steele, etc., I. 148; vin. 427; xvii.
416; xvni. 537; xxii. 528.
SPECTRA, of metals, xxn. 375.
SPECTRE INSECT, xni. 152.
SPECTRES, n. 207; in conjuring, xv.
207; mountain, XI. 399.
SPECTROMETER, optical instrument,
xvii. 800.
SPECTROPHONE, telephonic instrument,
xxm. 130.
SPECTROSCOPE, xxn. 373; xxiv. 425;
investigation o'f molecules with, in.
42.
SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS, SPECTRUM
ANALYSIS, xxn. 373; of the heavenly
bodies, X. 215; of the aurora, in. 93;
of comets, n. 815; of nebulae, n. 821;
of rainband, XX. 255; of stars, n. 817;
of the sun, II. 787; xxn. 645; Fraun-
hofer's researches in, IX. 728 ; Pliicker's,
xix. 230.
SPECTROSCOPY, or Spectroscopic Ana
lysis (q.v.), xxn. 373.
SPECTRUM, in optics, xiv. 592, 595,
60 1 ; colours of, vin. 823; of star in
telescope, xxm. 141.
EFFECTS, in photography, xvni.
835-
SPECULUM, telescopic metallic mirror,
XXin. 146; speculum metal, iv. 366.
, Majus, of Vincent of Beauvais,
xxiv. 235.
- JUDICIALE, Durandus's work, vn.
552.
SPEECH, its laws and forms, xvni. 765,
769; articulate, for deaf and dumb,
vn. 8; parrot's, xvni. 323.
SPEECH-SOUNDS, xxn. 381; xvni. 811.
SPEED, in mechanics, xv. 680; of light,
xxiv. 458; rates of, on railways, xx.
246, 254; of ships, law of, XXL 810;
of sound, I. 104; xxiv. 418; in tele
graph signalling, xxm. 125.
SPEEN, village, England, xvn. 375.
SPEGEL, Haquin, archbishop of Upsala,
poet, xxn. 755.
SPEIER (Spires, q.v.\ town, Rhenish
Bavaria, xxn. 404.
SPEIS, alloy of nickel, xvn. 487.
SPEKE, John Hanning, African explorer,
xxii. 390; I. 247; x. 194.
SPEKTAKEL, town, South Africa, xvn.
1 68.
SPELDINGS, dried fish, i. 44.
SPELLING, Phonetic, xvni. 812.
SPELMAN, Sir Henry, English antiquary,
vn. 516.
414
S P E — S P I
SPELT, kind of grain, XV. 309.
SPENCER, Third Earl, English states
man, xxn. 391.
, Charles, third earl of Sunderland,
English statesman, XXII. 658.
-, Herbert, on mental association, 1 1.
733; on beauty, I. 224; on develop
ment, in embryology, XX. 422 ; on
education, vil. 678 ; on evolution,
vill. 749, 764; on evolution in the fine
arts, IX. 212; on government, xi. 9,
17; on heredity, IV. 245; his meta
physics, xvi. 100; his theory of my
thology, XVII. 141 ; on philosophy,
xvni. 794; compared -with Schopen
hauer, xxi. 457.
, Honora (Mrs Sharpe), on archery,
n. 377-
— , Robert, second earl of Sunderland,
English statesman, xxn. 657.
GULF, South Australia, xxii. 283.
SPENCE'S METAL, xin. 281.
SPENER, Philip Jakob, German Pietist,
xxii. 391; x. 532; xix. 83.
SPENNYMOOR, town, England, xxii.
392-
SPENSER, Edmund, English poet, xxn.
392; as pastoral poet, xvni. 345; his
place in English literature, vill. 418.
SPEOTYTO, genus of birds, xvni. 91.
SPERANSKI, Mikhail, Eussian statesman,
xxi. 101.
SPERENBERG, Prussia, Artesian well at,
n. 646.
SPERMACETI, waxy substance from
sperm whale, XXII. 395.
OIL, or Sperm Oil, xv. 396; xvn.
744; xxiv. 529
- WAX, xvii. 744.
SPERMATOBLAST, in animal develop
ment, xx. 412.
SPERMATOZOA, Anatomy, physiology,
and development of, xx. 411.
SPERMOGONES, reproductive organs of
lichens, XIV. 555.
SPERM OIL, xv. 396; xvii. 744; xxiv.
529.
SPERMOPHILUS, genus of rodent mam
mals, xv. 560, 418.
SPERM WHALE, cetacean mammal, xv.
396; xxiv. 525, 528.
SPERRIN MOUNTAINS, Ireland, xxm.
712.
SPEUSIPPUS, Greek philosopher, xxn.
396; i. 68.
SPEY, river, Scotland, xxn. 397; vill.
129.
SPEYER (Spires, q.v.), town, Rhenish
Bavaria, xxn. 404.
SPEZIA, town, Italy, xxn. 397.
SPHACELOMA AMPELINUM, vine fun
gus, xxiv. 240.
SPHACTERIA (Sphagia), island, Greece,
xvn. 249; xvi. 52; defeat of Lace
daemonians at (425 B.C.), v. 825.
SPH^ERIA (Poros), island, Greece, xix.
521.
SPHAGIA, island, Greece, xvn. 249.
SPHAGNACE^E, class of mosses, xvn. 73.
SPHAGNUM, genus of mosses, xvn. 70,71.
SPHAKIOTS, people of Greece, XL 121.
SPHARGIS, genus of chelonian reptiles,
xx. 446, 449; xxm. 457.
SPHECOTHERES, genus of birds, xvn.
844-
SPHENE, mineral, xvi. 425.
SPHENISCUS, genus of birds, xvni. 492.
SPHENOID CRYSTALS, xvi. 360.
SPHERE, Mensuration of the, xvi. 25;
Archimedes on the, 1 1. 380.
, Hollow, Strength of, xxn. 606.
SPHERICALTRIGONOMETRY, xxm. 565.
SPHERICS, Theodosius's work, xxm.
260.
SPHEROID, Mensuration of a, xvi. 26;
x. 1 68.
SPHEROMETER, instrument, xxn. 397.
SPHINX, of Egyptian and Greek mytho
logy, xxn. 398; Egyptian, n. 387;
vn. 772; Greek, xvn. 730.
SPHYGMOGRAPH, register of flight, ix.
3H-
, pulse measurer, xxiv. 97, 103.
SPICE ISLANDS, Indian Archipelago,
xvi. 696.
SPICES, Adulterations of, i. 172.
SPICULES, of sponges, xxn. 416.
SPIDER-MONKEYS, n. 153.
SPIDERS, arachnids, n. 290; red, n. 276;
xvi. 529; wolf, xxm. 60.
SPIDER WEBS, 11. 295; used in micro
meters, xvi. 243, 248.
SPIEGELEISEN, manganiferous iron,
xin. 281, 350.
SPIEGHEL, Hendrick Laurenssen, Dutch
writer, xii. 93.
SPIELBERG, Moravia, Castle of, iv. 399.
SPIELHAGEN, Frederick, German writer,
x. 545.
SPIELTRIEB, Schiller's theory of the, ix.
199.
SPIKENARD, perfume, xxn. 398 ; as
incense, xn. 718.
SPINACH, vegetable, xn. 288, 285.
SPINAL CORD, Anatomy of the, i. 865,
867; physiology of, xix. 34; diseases
of, n. 827; xvn. 115; xvni. 256,
392; in Vertebrata, xxiv. 178.
SPINDLE, spinning apparatus, xiv. 664;
xxiv. 730.
- TREE, n. 320; oil from, xvn. 744.
SPINE, in skeleton of Vertebrata, xxn.
110; xxiv. 178; anatomy of, in man,
I. 820; curvature of, its treatment,
xxn. 692.
SPINEL, mineral, xvi. 386; xxi. 48.
SPINELLO, Matteo, Italian writer, xin.
501.
— ARETINO, Italian painter, xxn.
399-
SPINET, musical instrument, xix. 67.
SPINNING, of textiles, xxiv. 730.
— JENNY, Invention of the, n. 541;
vi. 490.
SPINNING ORGANS, in spiders, n. 295.
SPINNING-WHEEL, xxiv. 730; xiv.
664.
SPINOLA, Ambrogio, Marchese di,
Italian general, xxn. 399.
SPINOZA, Baruch, Dutch-Jewish philo
sopher, xxn. 399; his development
of Cartesianism, v. 152; on evolution,
vill. 748, 759; his testimony to Jesus
Christ, xin. 669; on the nationality
of the Jews, xin. 431; on the Penta
teuch, XVIII. 505; Jacobi's letters on,
XIII. 537.
SPIRALS, Archimedes on, n. 380.
SPIRDING SEE, lake, Prussia, xx. 19.
SPIRE, in architecture, n. 473; iv. 475.
SPIRES, town, Rhenish Bavaria, xxn.
404; diet of (1526), xv. So; xx. 329;
Melanchthon at diet, xv. 834; diet of
(1529), xv. 80; edicts of, x. 498; obser
vatory at, xvn. 713.
SPIRIALIS, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 665.
SPIRIFERID^E, family of Brachiopoda,
iv. 195.
SPIRILLUM, minute vegetable organism,
xxi. 399; its presence in relapsing
fever, xxm. 680.
SPIRIT CIRCLES, spiritualistic gather
ings, xv. 204; xxn. 405.
SPIRIT COLOURS, for calico printing,
iv. 693.
SPIRIT FRESCO, in wall decorations-,
xvn. 47.
SPIRITISM, or Animism, primitive re
ligion, II. 55; XX. 367.
SPIRIT-LEVEL, xxn. 718, 720.
SPIRIT MEDIUMS, xv. 204; xxn. 405.
SPIRIT-RAPPING, n. 207 ; vn. 64 ;
xxn. 405.
SPIRIT READING AND WRITING, con
juring tricks, xv. 208.
SPIRITS, notions of their existence, n.
202.
, Alcoholic, Adulteration of, I. 173;
defuselation of, IX. 853; distillation of,
vn. 264; hydrometers for, xn. 538.
-, Animal and vital, in ancient philo
sophy, xix. 10; xxiv. 95.
SPIRITUAL EXERCISES, Jesuit manual,
xin. 645.
SPIRITUALISM, Modern, xxn. 404; n.
207; alleged, of Socrates, xxn. 233.
SPIRITUALISTIC THEORY, of man's
nature, n. 109. See Soul.
SPIRITUOUS LIQUORS, Percentages of
alcohol in, I. 470.
SPIRIT WORSHIP, in relation to mytho
logy, xvn. 145.
SPIROMETER, for measuring air from
the lungs, XX. 477.
SPIRORBIS, genus of Annelida, 1 1. 68.
SPITALFIELDS, district of London, xiv.
847.
— REFUGEES, friendly society, ix.
781.
SPITSKOP, mountain, South Africa,
xxm. 517.
S P I — S T A
415
S PITT A, Karl Johann Philipp, German
hymns by, XII. 588.
SPITTAL, town, England, in. 610.
SPITTLER, Ludwig Timotheus, German
historian, x. 543.
SPITZBERG, mountain, Germany, vin.
533-
SPITZBERG EN, islands, Arctic Sea, xxn.
407; xvn. 593; xix. 317; exploration
of, x. 196; seal fisheries of, XXI. 582;
whale fishery, XXIV. 527.
S Fix, Johann Baptist von, German natur
alist, xv. 586; on Brazilian fishes, I.
275.
SPLEEN, of mammals, xv. 365; in man,
diseases of, xv. 317; xvm. 376; sur
gical treatment of, XXII. 691.
, disease, xn. 598.
SPLENDID SHILLING, The, John Philips's
poem, xvni. 754.
SPLENIC APOPLEXY, cattle disease,
xvn. 58.
SPLICING, of ropes, xxi. 592; seamen's
splices, xxi. 590.
SPLINT-BONE, of the leg, i. 829.
SPODUMENE, mineral, xiv. 697; xvi.
416.
SPOHR, Ludwig, German violinist and
composer, xxil. 410; as symphonist,
xvii. 97.
SPOKANE, river, Washington Territory,
U.S.A., xxiv. 386.
FALLS, town, Washington Ter
ritory, U.S.A., xxiv. 387.
SPOLETO, town, Italy, xxn. 412; aque
duct near, II. 221.
SPONDYLUS, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
693-
SPONGES, XXIL 412; xix. 859; histology
of, XII. 6; skeletal structures of, XXIL
106; distribution of, vn. 277, 283.
SPONGY METAL, carbonized iron, xin.
336.
SPONHEIM, Prussia, Library of, xiv.
514.
SPONSOR, in law, xxn. 429.
SPONTANEITY, Bain's doctrine of, xx.
43-
SPONTANEOUS GENERATION, i. 49;
xiv. 232, 411.
SPONTINI, Gasparo Luigi Pacifico,
Italian composer, xxn. 429.
SPOOL, of thread, vi. 502.
SPOONBILL, bird, xxn. 430; xxi. 842.
SPOONS, Wooden, Manufacture of, in.
697.
SPORADES, islands, Greek Archipelago,
xxn. 431; coins of, xvn. 644.
SPORANGIA, reproductive organs in
plants, XX. 424; of ferns, IX. 104.
SPORES, reproductive organs in plants,
i. 508; IX. 101; xx. 423; of Schizo-
mycetes, XXI. 402.
SPOROGONIUM, or Sporophore, in plant
reproduction, ix. 100; xvn. 65; XX.
43°-
SPOROZOA, class of Protozoa, xix. 852.
SPORTS, The Book of, King James I.'s,
xxn. 431.
SPOTSWOOD, or Spotiswood, John,
archbishop of St Andrews, xxi I.
431-
SPOTTISWOODE, William, English
mathematician and physicist, xxn.
43i-
SPRAIN, bodily injury, xxn. 652, 685.
SPRAT, fish, xxn. 432; xn. 694; as
whitebait, xxiv. 550; fishery, IX.
255.
SPRAT- LOON, bird, xv. 2.
SPREE, river, Germany, in. 593.
SPREEWALD, district, Germany, x. 449.
SPREMBERG, town, Prussia, xxn. 432.
SPRENGEL, Carl, on the potato, xix.
594-
Kurt, German botanist and
physician, xxn. 432.
SPRENGEL'S AIR-PUMP, xvi. 31.
SPRING, see article Elasticity; of watch,
xxiv. 394.
AND AUTUMN ANNALS, Chinese
work, v. 66 1.
SPRING-BALANCE, in. 261.
SPRINGBOK, antelope, n. 101.
SPRINGBOKFONTEIN, town, Namaojia-
land, South Africa, xvn. 168.
SPRING CLOCKS, vi. 24.
SPRINGER, in architecture, II. 473.
SPRINGETT, Gulielma, wife of William
Penn, xvni. 494.
SPRINGFIELD, town, Illinois, U.S.A.,
xxn. 432.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., xxn.
SQUARE, Magic, xv. 213.
ROOT, in algebra, I. 528; in
433-
, town, Missouri, U.S.A., xxn. 433.
, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xxi I. 433.
SPRINGING BEETLE, vi. 132.
SPRING LAKE, town, New Jersey,
U.S.A., xvii. 397.
SPRINGS, of water, x. 223, 270; xxiv.
403; mineral springs, xvi. 431; XXIV.
399-
SPRING TIDE, xxni. 353.
SPRINTING, in running, xxi. 61.
SPROSSER, bird, xvn. 499.
SPRUCE, tree, ix. 222; 11. 316, 320; of
United States, xxin. 809.
SPUN SILK, xxn. 62.
SPURGE-LAUREL, plant, xiv. 349.
SPURRED RYE, or Ergot, vin. 521; ix.
834-
SPURS, Day of the, battle (1302) near
Courtrai, Belgium, IX. 544.
SPURZHEIM, Johann Kaspar, phreno
logist, xxn. 433; xvni. 844; x. 37.
SPUYTEN DUYVIL CREEK, New York,
U.S.A., xvn. 457.
SPUZH, town, Montenegro, xvi. 781.
SPYES DE ORTHENBERG, early German
printer, xxin. 685.
SQUALODONTID/E, family of fossil
Cetacea, xv. 397.
SQUARCIONE, Francesco, Italian painter,
xv. 501.
arithmetic, II. 532.
SQUARES, Tables of, xxin. 8.
SQUARING OF THE CIRCLE, xxn. 433.
SQUASH, gourd, XL 4.
SQUATAROLA, genus of birds, xix. 227.
SQUEEZERS, in iron manufacture, xin.
327-
SQUIB, in pyrotechny, xx. 136.
SQUID, cuttle-fish, xxi. 609.
SQUILL, medicinal plant, xxn. 437.
SQUILLACI, Count, minister of Charles
III. of Spain, xxn. 341.
SQUINT, in architecture, II. 473.
SQUINTING, ocular defect, xvn. 785:
spectacles for, XXIL 372.
SQUIRE, in feudal times, xiv. 117.
SQUIRREL, rodent mammal, xxn. 437:
xv. 418; skins of, ix. 839.
SQUIRTING CUCUMBER, vn. 825.
SRAVASTI, ancient town, India, xvni.
73-
SRIDHARA DASA, compiler of anthology
of Sanskrit poetry, xxi. 286.
SRINAGAR, town, Kashmir, xiv. 11.
SRI RANG AM (Seringham), town, India,
xxn. 438.
SRIRANGAPATAM (Seringapatam), town,
India, XXI. 682.
SRIVILLIPUTUR, town, India, xxin. 405.
SRONG-BTSAN SGAM-PO, or Srong Tsan
Gampo, Tibetan king, xxin. 345;
xiv. 228, 502.
SRYETENSK, town, Transbaikalia, Rus
sia, xxin. 511.
SSE, ancient Asiatic people, xvni. 593,
599-
STAAL, Baronne de, French memoir
writer, xxn. 439.
STABILI, Francesco degli, mediaeval
Italian writer, v. 282.
STABILITY, of forms of matter, vi. 313.
, of buildings, IV. 447; xv. 750; of
ships, xxi. 812, 597.
STABLE MANAGEMENT, xn. 192.
STABROEK, or Georgetown, town, British
Guiana, x. 430.
STACKING, of corn, i. 363.
STACTE, incense, xn. 718.
STADE, town, Germany, xxn. 439.
STADION, Count, Austrian statesman,
xvi. 199.
STADIUM, or Stadion, for gymnastic
contests, at Athens, in. 7; at Olympia,
xvn. 768; at Rome, xx. 824.
STADJAN, mountain, Sweden, xxn. 736.
STADLER, Rodolph, English martyr in
Persia, xvni. 638.
STADT-AM-HOF, suburb of Ratisbon,
Bavaria, xx. 291.
STAEL, Madame de (Anne L. G. Xecker,
Baroness of Stael-Holstein), French
authoress, xxn. 439; IX. 672, 673;
xvn. 312.
STAEL-HOLSTEIN, Baron de, Swedish
minister, xxn. 439.
416
S T A — S T A
STAENFORD (Stamford), ancient town,
England, XXI I. 446.
STAFF, in army organization, II. 567; of
British army, n. 577.
STAFFORD, county, England, xxn. 442;
coalfields, VI. 50, 51; pottery ware,
xix. 631; town, xxn. 443.
, William, English economist, xix.
356.
STAG, deer, vn. 23; xv. 432.
— BEETLE, vi. 131.
STAGE, in architecture, II. 473.
, of a theatre, early English, vm.
420; modern arrangements of, xxni.
226.
PLAYS, Licensing of, xix. 711.
STAGE-RIGHT, in relation to copyright,
vi. 361, 367.
STAGHOUND, vn. 329.
STAG- HUNTING, xn. 394.
STAGIRA, or Stageira, town, Macedonia,
birthplace of Aristotle, II. 511.
STAGNELIUS, Erik Johan, Swedish poet,
xxii. 757.
STAHL, Georg Ernst, German chemist
and physician, XXII. 444; v. 460; XV.
812; on fermentation, IX. 94; his
theory of the soul, II. 55.
STAIGUE FORT, Kerry, Ireland, xiv. 52.
STAINED GLASS, Manufacture of, x.
666, 667.
STAINER, Jacob, violin maker, xxiv.
245.
STAIR, First Viscount, Scottish jurist
and statesman, xxii. 444.
, First Earl of, Scottish lawyer and
politician, xxii. 446.
, Second Earl of, British field-
marshal, XXII. 446.
STAIRS, in houses, iv. 454, 473, 497.
STAKE, Hill of, Scotland, xx. 395.
STALACTITES, Formation of, v. 266; in
cavern of Adelsberg, Austria, I. 151;
in Luray Cavern, United States, xv.
67.
STALAGMITE MARBLES, xv. 529.
STALAGMITES, Formation of, v. 266; in
Luray Cavern, United States, xv. 67.
STALIMENE (Lemnos), island, ^Egean
Sea, Turkey, xiv. 436.
STALL, in architecture, II. 472.
— , in stable management, xil. 193.
STALYBRIDGE, town, England, xxii.
446.
STAMBOUL, or Constantinople (q.v.), vi.
303-
STAMEN, of plants, iv. 135; xx. 424.
STAMFORD, town, Lincolnshire, Eng
land, xxii. 446; newspapers of, XVII.
421.
, town, Connecticut, U.S.A., xxn.
447-
- BRIDGE, Yorkshire, England,
Battle of (1066), vm. 291; XI. 486.
STAMMERING, defect of speech, xxn.447.
— MICTURITION, xxiv. 191.
STAMP ACT, English, of 1712, its effect
on newspapers, xvil. 416; of 1765, I.
708; its effect in American colonies,
vm. 357, 358; xxni. 737.
STAMP-COLLECTING, xix. 588.
STAMPS, STAMP DUTIES, xxn. 448.
, Postage, XIX. 585; collection of,
xix. 588.
STANCHES, on rivers, xx. 573.
STANCHIO (Cos), island, Asia Minor, vi.
444.
STANCHION, in architecture, II. 473.
STAND (Whitefield), town, England,
xxiv. 551.
STANDARD, London newspaper, xvn.
419.
, Battle of the (i 138), England, xxi.
483-
BAR, Expansion of, in surveying,
xxii. 697.
STANDARDS, of area, xxiv. 485 ; of
length, xxiv. 483; of volume, xxiv.
485; of weight, XXIV. 486.
, Military, IX. 276.
STANDARD UNIT OF VALUE, for money,
xvi. 730, 735.
STANDGALE, bird, xiv. 53.
STANDING ARMIES, Rise of, n. 564.
STANFIELD, William Clarkson, English
painter, XXII. 449.
STANHOPE, Third Earl, English politi
cian and scientist, XXII. 449.
•, Lord, English postmaster, xix. 563.
, Lady Hester Lucy, companion of
William Pitt, xxii. 449.
, Philip Dormer, fourth earl of
Chesterfield, v. 606.
STANISLAU, town, Galicia, Austria, xxn.
450.
STANISLAUS, or Stanislaw, St, of Poland,
his murder, xix. 286.
, or Stanislaw Leszczynski, king of
Poland, XXII. 450; IX. 585; XVII.
171; XIX. 297.
AUGUSTUS, of Poland, xxn. 450;
xix. 298, 453.
STANKO, town, Cos, Asia Minor, vi. 444.
STANLEY, town, Falkland Islands, ix. 14.
, Arthur Penrhyn, dean of West
minster, XXII. 450.
, Edward Geoffrey Smith, earl of
Derby, VII. 109; VIII. 366.
-, Henry M., African explorer, I. 248;
x. 195; his search for Livingstone,
xiv. 722.
— POOL, lake, Congo river, Africa,
xxiv. 765.
STANNARY COURTS, Cornwall, England,
vi. 426.
STANNEL, bird, xiv. 53.
STANNITE, mineral, xvi. 393.
STANNIUS, on reptiles, xx. 437.
STANNOUS COMPOUNDS, in chemistry,
xxni. 401.
STANS FORELAND, island, Spitzbergen,
xxn. 408.
STANTHORPE, tin mines, Queensland,
xx. 173.
STANTON, Edwin M'Masters, American
statesman, xxn. 455.
STANZ, town, Switzerland, xxn. 778;
xxni. 858.
STANZA, in poetry, xix. 271.
STAPHYLOMA, eye disease, xvi I. 781.
STAPLES, Bishop, of Meath, xni. 263.
STAPLING, Wool, xxiv. 656.
STAPULENSIS (Jacobus Faber), French
Protestant writer, vm. 835.
STAR, n. 744. See Stars.
STAR-ANISE, incense, xn. 718.
STARAYA RUSSA, town, Russia, xxn.
455; fair of, xvil. 607.
STAR CATALOGUE, of Hipparchus, n.
749; Ulugh Bey's, n. 751; xxni. 722;
Sir W. Herschel's, XI. 765; Sir John
Herschel's, XL 769; Hessian, xxiv.
582. See also article Observatory.
STARCH, xxn. 455; xix. 54; in plants,
iv. 88; xn. 12; in lichens, xiv. 558;
in malt, XV. 338; in nutrition, xvil.
676. See also article Dietetics.
STAR-CHAMBER, English court of justice,
xxn. 456; v. 405; vin. 341.
STARCHING, in bleaching, in. 817.
STARCH SUGAR, or Grape Sugar, xxn.
628.
STAR-FISHES, vn. 632; xvi. 844.
STAR-FORTS, ix. 434, 439.
STARGARD, town, Prussia, xxn. 457.
STARING, Antoni Christiaan, Dutch
poet, xn. 98.
STARITSA, town, Russia, xxni. 672.
STARKWEATHER, G. B., his theory of
sex, XXI. 722.
STARLING, bird, xxn. 457.
, The, Norman Macleod's work, XV.
163.
STAROBYELSK, town, Russia, xiv. 57.
STARODUB, town, Russia, xxn. 458.
STAR OF INDIA, Order of the, xiv.
124.
STARO-KONSTANTINOFF, town, Russia,
XXII. 458.
STAR PEAK, mountain, Great Basin,
U.S.A., xxni. 798.
STAR-ROUTES, mail scandals, United
States, xxni. 783.
I STARS, n. 744, 823; evolution of, xxn.
651; velocity of light from, Xiv. 586;
classification of, according to, magni
tude, XVIII. 840; measurements of,
xvi. 250 ; new and variable, xxn.
651; parallax of, xvni. 252; photo
metry of, xvni. 840; their position
us seen from the earth, X. 198; shoot
ing, XVI. 106, no; spectroscopic
analysis of, n. 817; x. 215; xxn. 651;
the sun considered as a star, xxn.
645.
STARTER, Jan Janssen, Dutch poet, xn.
94-
STARVATION, vn. 208; death from, xv.
781.
STAR-WORSHIPPERS, xxi. 128; i. 697;
xx. 364.
S T A — S T E
417
STASSFURT, town, Prussia, xxn. 458;
stilt mines of, xxi. 231.
STASSFURTITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
STASZOW, town, Poland, xx. 218.
STATE, The, its relation to the church,
v. 758.
— , Great officers of, England, xxii.
458.
— CHURCHISM, Calvin's theory of,
xix. 677.
STATEN ISLAND, New York, U.S.A.,
xxn. 460; xvn. 459.
STATEN ISLAND, Tierra del Fuego,
xxin. 383.
STATE LOANS, xvn. 243.
STATE PAPER OFFICE, England, xx.
STATE PAPERS, xx. 310.
STATER, Greek money, xvn. 632.
STATES, Sovereign, xin. 191.
STATES-GENERAL, of France, ix. 544,
546, 552, 560, 562; of Paris (1614), IX.
566; in 1787, IX. 596; in 1789, ix.
596; xx. 602; Mirabeau's influence in,
xvi. 945.
, of Holland, xn. 73.
STATESMAN, The (Politicus), Plato's
dialogue, xix. 207.
STATESMEN, landowners, Cumberland,
England, vi. 698.
STATES OF THE CHURCH, Italy, xxn.
460.
STATE SOVEREIGNTY, American, xxin.
741, 746, 750, 756, 763, 774.
STATICS, division of dynamics, XIX. 2;
xv. 728, 738.
STATIELLI, Ligurian tribe, Italy, xin.
446.
STATIONERS' COMPANY, London, iv. 39;
their almanacs, I. 591.
STATIONERS' HALL, London, Copyright
registry at, VI. 358.
STATIONERY, xxn. 460.
STATIONS, Eailway, xx. 234.
STATIRA, wife of Alexander, i. 484; xv.
142.
, Persian princess, xvin. 576.
STATISTICAL SOCIETIES, xxn. 226.
STATISTICS, xxn. 461.
STATIUS, Csecilius, Eoman dramatist,
vin. 448.
, Publius Papinius, Eoman poet,
xxn. 466; xx. 726.
STATUARY, methods of its production,
xxi. 571; in bronze, xvi. 72; iv. 366;
in terra-cotta, xxin. 193, 194.
STATURE, as indication of race, II. in.
STATUTE, in law, xxn. 468; in Eoman
law, xx. 670.
MERCHANT, form of security,
xxn. 471.
OF LABOURERS, xiv. 168.
OF TREASONS, xxin. 527.
OF USES, xx. 403.
STATUTES OF ELTHAM, xxi. 36.
STATUTE STAPLE, form of security,
xxn. 471.
STAUBBACH, waterfall, Switzerland,
xxn. 777.
STAUNTON, town, Virginia, U.S.A.,
xxn. 471.
, Howard, Shakespearian scholar
and writer on chess, xxn. 471; as
chess-player, v. 603.
STAUPITZ, Johann von, Augustinian [
vicar-general, xv. 71.
STAURACHIOS, Byzantine metal-worker,
xvi. 74.
STAURACIUS, son of emperor Nicephorus j
L, xvn. 481.
STAUROLITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
STAUROTYPID^E, family of chelonian \
reptiles, XXIII. 457.
STAVANGER, town, Norway, xxn. 471.
STAVROPOL, government, Eussia, xxn.
472; town, xxn. 472; xxi. 243.
STEALING, in law, xxin. 231.
STEAM, Definition of, XL 560; properties
of, XXII. 483; vin. 729; pressures
of, at different temperatures, XI. 585;
influence of its applications in com
merce, vi. 206; Evans's application of,
to land carriages, vin. 726.
STEAMBOAT, xxn. 478. See Steam-
Ships.
STEAM COLOURS, for calico printing,
iv. 690.
STEAM ENGINES, xxn. 473 (index, 526);
Watt's invention of, XXIV. 412; use
of, by Boulton, IV. 172; Murdock's
improvements on, XVII. 53; Papin's
experiments with, XVIII. 229; Tre-
vithick's improvements on, XXIII.
554-
STEAM-HAMMER, xi. 425; for iron
forging, xin. 328.
STEAM-PLOUGH, i. 313.
STEAM-SHIPS, xxi. 823; invention of,
in. 542; ix. 270, 817; xxn. 478;
engines for, XXII. 517; of British
navy, xvn. 284.
STEAM-THERMOMETERS, XL 560, 568.
STEARINE, or Stearin, mixture of fatty
acids, xxn. 527, 202; xvn. 740; xxin.
35; candles from, iv. 803; solar, xiv.
312.
STEATITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
STEATORNIS, genus of birds, XL 227.
STEEL, xin. 278 ; compressibility and
rigidity of, VII. 815; fracture of, XXII.
600; industry in United States, xxin.
813; magnetization of, xv. 223, 260;
strength of, xxii. 603; vn. 816; its use
in building ships of war, xvn. 288;
statistics of manufacture, xin. 358.
STEELBOYS RISING (1772), Ireland,
xin. 269.
STEELE, Anne, English hymn-writer,
xn. 593.
, Sir Richard, English dramatist
and essayist, xxn. 527; as dramatist,
vn. 436; his place in English litera
ture, vin. 426, 427; Addison's con
nexion with, I. 148.
STEEL-PENS, xvin. 483; manufacture
of, in Birmingham, in. 784.
STEEL PLATE ENGRAVING, vin. 439.
STEEL WIRE, xxiv. 615.
STEEL-YARD, weighing machine, in.
267.
— , Merchants of the, Hanse merchants
in England, xxn. 528; xv. 32.
STEEN, Jan Havicksz, Dutch painter,
xxn. 529.
STEEPLE, in architecture, n. 473.
STEEPLE-CHASING, sport, xn. 203.
STEERS ISLAND, Indian Archipelago,
xxn. 653.
STEFAN, Josef, on the diffusion of gases,
xvi. 619.
STEFANO, Tommaso, Italian painter, x.
608.
STEFFANI, Agostino, Italian ecclesiastic,
diplomatist, and composer, xxn. 529.
STEFFENS, Henrik, Danish writer, vn.
92; xvn. 730.
STEGOSAURIA, order of fossil reptiles,
xx. 443.
STEGOSTOMA, genus of sharks, xxi.
775-
STEIBELT, Daniel, German pianist and
composer, XXII. 530.
STEIER, town, Austria, xxii. 547.
STEIERMARK (Styria), duchy, Austria,
xxii. 613.
STEIN, Charlotte von, friend of Goethe,
x. 728.
, Heinrich Friedrich Karl, Baron
vom, German statesman, xxn. 530;
XX. II.
, Johann Andreas, German piano
forte maker, xix. 72.
STEINAMANGER, town, Hungary, xxn.
53i-
STEINBART, Gotthilf Samuel, German
rationalist, xx. 290.
STEINBOC, ungulate mammal, xn. 605.
STEINER, Jakob, Swiss geometrician,
xxn. 531.
STEINHEIL, Karl August, his electric
telegraph, xxin. 113; his micrometer,
xvi. 251.
STEINHEILITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
STEINHUDER MEER, lake, Hanover,
Germany, XL 446.
STEINITZ, Wilhelm, German chess
player, v. 602.
STEINWAY, Henry Engelhard, piano
forte maker, xix. 77.
STELIS, plant, xvi. 527.
STELLA, wife of Pontano, Italian poet,
Xix. 454.
(Esther Johnson), friend of Dean
Swift, xxii. 763.
, Goethe's play, x. 727.
STELLAR PARALLAX, xvin. 252.
STELLETTA, genus of sponges, xxii. 415.
STELLO, De Vigny's book, vn. 136.
STELVIO PASS, North Italy, xxiv. 45.
STEM, in plants, iv. 95.
STENA, pass, in Macedonia, xv. 137.
XXV. - 53
418
S T E — S T I
STENCILLING, in house-painter's work,
iv. 512.
STENDAL, town, Prussia, xxn. 532.
STENDHAL, De (Marie Henri Beyle),
French writer, ill. 621.
STENERSEN, Peder Cristofer, Norse
poet, xvii. 590.
STENHOUSEMUIR, town, Scotland, xxn.
554-
STENIA, Greek festival, xxm. 295.
STENKIL, Swedish king, xxn. 745.
STENNESS, Stones of, Orkney, Scotland,
xvii. 848; xxi. 51.
STENO, Michele, Venetian nobleman,
IX. 12.
, Nicolaus, Danish anatomist, I. 810;
on crystals, VI. 672.
STENODERMATA, group of bats, xv.
414.
STENOGRAPHY, or Shorthand Writing,
xxi. 836; in ancient MSS., xvin.
164.
STENOPHONOGRAPHY, A. Melville Bell's
shorthand system, xxi. 840.
STENORHYNCHIN^E, subfamily of carni
vorous mammals, xv. 443.
STENOSTOMA, genus of snakes, xxn.
192; xx. 454.
STENOSTOMATA, group of Actinozoa, i.
132-
STENYCLARUS, town, Messenia, Greece,
xvi. 53.
STEPHANITE, mineral, xvi. 395; xxn.
69.
STEPHANOCEROS, genus of Rotifera,
xxi. 4.
STEPHANOVICH, Vuk, Servian writer,
xxi. 691.
STEPHAN'S COMET, vi. 193.
STEPHANURUS DENTATUS, animal
parasite, xxiv. 206.
STEPHANUS, Roman sculptor, n.
366.
, Estienne, or Stephens, French
family of scholars and printers, xxn.
534-
BYZANTIUS, Greek writer, xxn.
532-
STEPHEN, St, of Scripture, xxn. 532.
, St, of Thiers, founder of order of
Grandimontanes, XI. 47.
— I., pope, xxn. 532.
- II., pope, xxn. 532; xx. 785.
- III., pope, xxn. 533; xix. 495.
- IV., pope, xxn. 533; xx. 786.
- V.-VI., popes, XXII. 533.
- VII., pope, xxn. 533; xix. 497.
VIII., pope, xxn. 533.
- IX., pope, xxn. 533; xix. 497;
xx. 791.
— , king of England, xxn. 533; vin.
302.
I., king of Hungary, xn. 367.
, the Great, voivode of Moldavia,
xxi. 19.
, leader of the children's crusade, VI.
627.
STEPHEN, Sir James, English historical
writer, xxn. 534.
BAR SUDH-AILE, Syriac writer,
xxn. 832.
— DUSHAN, king of Servia, xxi.
688.
— NEMENYA, king of Servia, xxi.
STEPHENS, or Estieune, French family
of scholars and printers, xxn. 534.
— , Alexander Hamilton, American
statesman, XXII. 536; xxni. 773.'
— , James, Fenian leader, Xin. 271.
— , James Francis, on birds, xvin.
13-
— , John Lloyd, American traveller,
xxn. 536; on ancient American build
ings, II. 450; on ruined cities of Central
America, I. 693.
-, Thomas, first English visitor to
India, XII. 798.
STEPHENSON, George, English engineer,
xxn. 537; his application of steam
to locomotives, xxn. 478; promoter of
railways, XX. 224.
•, Robert, English engineer, XXII.
537 ; engineer of Britannia Bridge,
1V- 334 > promoter of railways, XX.
225.
STEPPES, of Spain, xxn. 297.
, Region of the, Russia, XXI. 77.
STERADIAN, unit of measurement of
solid angles, xvi. 25.
STERCORARIUS, genus of birds, xxn.
125.
STEREOCHROMY, process of painting,
xxn. 54.
STEREOGNATHUS, fossil mammal, xv.
376.
STEREOMETER, hydrometer for soluble
bodies, etc., XII. 542.
STEREOSCOPE, optical instrument, xxn.
537; Porta's anticipation of, XIX. 526;
lenticular, Brewster's, IV. 276; reflect
ing, Wheatstone's, xxiv. 588.
STEREOSCOPIC MICROSCOPE, xvi. 272.
STEREOTYPING, in printing, xxni. 702;
invention of, x. 127; v. 27; revival of,
vn. 196.
STERILITY, Human, xv. 778.
STERLET, fish, xxn. 612.
STERLING, town, Illinois, U.S.A., xxn.
541.
, Captain Edward, English jour
nalist, xvii. 418; xxn. 541.
, John, English author, XXII. 541.
MONEY, xvn. 656.
STERLITAMAK, town, Russia, xxni.
717.
STERNA, genus of birds, xvii. 531;
xxni. 189.
STERNBERG, town, Moravia, Austria,
xxn. 541.
STERNBERGITE, mineral, xvi. 393.
STERNE, Laurence, English humorist,
xxn. 541; his place in English litera
ture, vin. 431.
STERNHOLD, Thomas, translator of the
Psalms, xn. 589.
STERNUM, Anatomy of the, i. 822; xxn.
112; of Amphibia, I. 752; of birds,
in. 720; xvin. 23; of mammals, xv.
358.
STESICHORUS of Himera, Greek poet,
xxn. 543, 16.
STETHOMETER, STETHOGRAPH, for
measuring movements of the chest,
xx. 477.
STETHOSCOPE, medical instrument, in.
100; its invention, xiv. 200; XV. 816.
STET PROCESSUS, in law, xix. 789.
STETTIN, town, Prussia, xxn. 543.
STEUART (Stuart, q.v.\ Scottish royal
family, xxn. 609.
, Sir James Denham, Scottish poli
tical economist, xxn. 544; xix. 365.
STEUBEN, Baron von, German-American
general, xxni. 790.
STEUBENVILLE, town, Ohio, U.S.A.,
xxn. 544.
STEVENS, Alfred, English sculptor, xxi.
561.
, Thaddeus, American politician,
xxn. 544.
STEVENSON, Alan and Thomas, their
lighthouse improvements, xiv. 620,
621.
, David, Scottish civil engineer,
xxn. 545; on reclaiming marsh lands,
I. 405.
-, Elizabeth Cleghorn (Mrs Gaskell),
English novelist, X. 103.
— , John Hall, English humorist, xxn.
542.
, Robert, Scottish civil engineer,
XXII. 545.
STEVINUS, Simon, Dutch mathematician,
xxn. 545; on decimals, II. 526.
STEWARD, Lord High, England, xxn.
458.
, Royal, England, XXL 37.
STEWART, or Stuart (q.v.), Scottish royal
family, xxn. 609.
, Balfour, on radiation of heat, xx.
214.
, Dugald, Scottish philosopher, XXII.
546; his ethics, vin. 604; on the sub
lime, I. 223; his place in English
literature, vin. 432.
, Fanny, her relations to Charles
II., v. 806.
, J. C., on fly fishing, II. 36.
, Matthew, Scottish mathematician,
xxn. 546.
, Robert, second marquis of London
derry, XIV. 853.
- ISLAND, New Zealand, xvn. 466.
STEWING, of meat, vi. 333.
STEYR, or Steyer, town, Austria, xxn.
547-
STIBICONITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
STIBNITE, mineral, n. 129; xvi. 394.
STICHOMETRY, in ancient MSS., i. 496;
xvin. 163.
S T I — S T O
419
STICKLEBACK, fish, xxn. 548; parasite
of, xxm. 540.
STICKNEY, Sarah (Mrs Ellis), English
writer, VIII. 150.
STIFFNESS, of a structure, xv. 750,
752. See also Rigidity.
STIGMA, of plants, iv. 144.
STIGMATIZATION, xxn. 548 ; of St
Catherine of Siena, v. 230; of St
Francis of Assisi, IX. 692.
STILBITE, mineral, XVI. 423.
STILICHO, Flavius, Roman general,
xxii. 550; 1.442; xx. 780; xxi. 113;
xxm. 258.
STILL, for distillation, vil. 265.
, John, bishop of Bath and Wells,
English dramatist, xxii. 550.
STILLING, Heinrich (Johann Heinrich
Jung), German mystic, xm. 774; x.
541.
STILLINGFLEET, Edward, bishop of
Worcester, XXII. 551; his criticism of
Locke, xiv. 754.
STILLWATER, town, Minnesota, U.S.A.,
xxii. 551.
STILL WATERS RUN DEEP, Taylor's
comedy, xxm. 96.
STILPNOMELANE, mineral, xvi. 415.
STILT, bird, xxii. 551.
STILTON CHEESE, v. 456.
STILT- WALKERS, of Lincolnshire, Eng
land, xiv. 653.
STIMULANTS, in diet, vn. 205; their
relation to intoxicants, vil. 482.
STING-RAY, fish, xx. 299.
STINK-BIRD, xn. 28.
STINK-POT, bird, xvm. 712.
STINT, bird, xxi. 260.
STIPULATE, subclass of ferns, ix.
105.
STIPULATION, in Roman law, xx. 694,
699, 709.
STIPULES, of leaves, iv. 114.
STIRABOUT, of oatmeal, xvn. 696.
STIRLING, county, Scotland, xxii. 553;
coalfield, vi. 53.
— , town, Scotland, XXII. 554; battle
of (1297), xxi. 487.
— , Earl of (Sir William Alexander),
Scottish poet and American colonist, I.
493; XV. 301.
— , James, joint-inventor of an air-
engine, I. 428; xxii. 522.
— , James, Scottish mathematician,
xxii. 555.
— , Mr, his experiments on the ger
mination of grass seeds, I. 370.
— , Robert, his heat-regenerator, xxii.
33; joint-inventor of an air-engine, I.
428.
CASTLE, Scotland, xxii. 555.
STIRLING-MAXWELL, Sir William, Scot
tish man of letters, xv. 647.
STITNY, Thomas of, Bohemian writer,
xxn. 151.
STJERNHJELM, Georg, Swedish poet,
xxii. 754.
STLIFANOS (Sliven), town, East Rou-
melia, Turkey, xxi I. 160.
STOA P CECILS, portico, ancient Athens,
in. 4; xxii. 561.
STOAT, carnivorous mammal, vm. 526;
xv. 440; xix. 331.
STOB^EUS, Joannes, compiler of Greek
extracts, xxn. 556.
, Kilian, Swedish naturalist, XIV. 672.
STOBI, town, Macedonia, xv. 137.
STOCKADE, in fortification, ix. 424.
STOCKBROKING, xxii. 557.
STOCKDALE, Erskine's defence of, vm.
530.
VERSUS HANSARD, English libel
case, iv. 758.
STOCK-DOVE, VIL 379.
STOCKER, A., German socialist, xxii.
216.
STOCK EXCHANGE, xxii. 556.
STOCK GILL FORCE, waterfall, England,
xxiv. 514.
STOCKHOLM, capital of Sweden, xxii.
557; academy, I. 73; library, xiv.
532; newspapers, xvn. 429; obser
vatory, XVII. 714.
, county, Sweden, XXII. 741.
STOCK IM EISEN, tree stump, Vienna,
xxiv. 220.
STOCKING-FRAME, its invention, xn.
299.
STOCKINGS, hosiery, XII. 299.
STOCKJOBBING, xxii. 557.
STOCKPORT, town, England, xxii. 560.
STOCKS, instrument of punishment,
xxii. 560.
— , public securities, XXII. 556;
European, values of, n. 73.
STOCK TELEGRAPH, xxm. 121.
STOCKTON, town, California, U.S.A.,
xxii. 560.
AND DARLINGTON RAILWAY, Eng
land, xx. 224.
STOCKTON-ON-TEES, town, England,
xxn. 561.
STOCKWORKS, metalliferous rocks, xvi.
442.
S TOD ART, Robert, pianoforte maker,
Xix. 74.
STODDART, Sir John, English journalist,
xvil. 418.
STOFFELS, Hendrickic, Rembrandt's
mistress, xx. 376.
STOICS, school of ancient philosophers,
xxii. 561; ethics of, vm. 583; logic
of, xiv. 791; Stoicism of Pcrsius,
xvm. 664.
STOKE, Melis, Dutch writer, XII. 90.
STOKE-NEWINGTON, district, London,
xiv. 822.
STOKER, Mechanical, xxn. 500 ; for
smoke abatement, xxii. 181.
STOKES, George Gabriel, on achromatic
lenses, XVIL 804; XXIII. 143; on radia
tion, XX. 215; his experiments on
viscosity, xix. 248.
— , William, Irish physician, xv. 816.
STOKE-UPON-TRENT, town, England,
xxn. 573.
STOLBERG, town, Rhenish Prussia,
xxii. 574.
, Count Christian, German poet,
XXII. 574.
-, Count Frederick Leopold, German
writer, XXII. 574.
STOLE, ecclesiastical vestment, vi. 461.
, Groom of the, in royal household,
England, xxi. 37.
STOLEN GOODS, in law, xix. 562; xxm.
233-
STOLETOW, his experiments in mag
netism, xv. 254, 255.
STOLLBERG, town, Rhenish Prussia,
xxn. 574.
STOLP, town, Prussia, xxii. 574.
STOLPENITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
STOLZITE, mineral, xvi. 403.
STOMACH, Anatomy of the, vn. 224;
xvn. 669, 673; diseases of, xxi I. 574;
cancer in, xvm. 380; of Amphibia,
I. 763; of birds, ill. 726; of fishes, XII.
655; of mammals, xv. 362; of reptiles,
xx. 457.
STOMATA, of plants, iv. 89; xn. 17.
STONE, for building, iv. 448, 469; at
Rome, xx. 808; strength of, xxii. 603.
, Lithographic, Xiv. 698.
— , town, England, XXII. 576.
, vesical disease, xxiv. 189.
— , Nicholas, English sculptor, xxi.
560.
AGE, in archaeology, II. 122, 336.
STONE-BREAKER, machine, xvi. 463;
American, xvi. 58.
STONE CIRCLES, Prehistoric, n. 383; in
Cornwall, England, VI. 427; at Stone-
henge (q.v.\ England, XXII. 576; in
Peru, II. 451. See also XXI. 50.
STONE COAL, or Anthracite, n. 106.
STONEHAVEN, town, Scotland, xiv. 79.
STONEHENGE, ancient stone circle, Eng
land, xxn. 576; n. 383; xxi. 51.
STONEHOUSE, town, England, xix. 236.
STONE MASONRY, iv. 468.
STONE MONUMENTS, Rude, xxi. 50; in
Polynesia, xix. 428; in Porto Rico,
xix. 532.
STONE-PINE, tree, xix. 104, 105.
STONES OF VENICE, Ruskin's work,
xxiv. 151.
STONEWALL JACKSON (Thomas Jona
than Jackson), American Confederate
general, xm. 534; xxm. 777.
STONEWARE, xix. 601 ; Dutch, xix.
630.
STONE WEAPONS, n. 553.
STONINGTON, town, Connecticut,
U.S.A., xxii. 576.
STONO INLET, South Carolina, U.S.A.,
xxn. 287.
STONYHURST COLLEGE, Jesuit settle
ment, Lancashire, England, XIII. 656;
observatory at, xvi I. 711.
STOOKS, or Shocks, of corn, I. 363.
420
S T O — S T R
STOP-GATES, in canals, iv. 785.
STOP-PRESS, in newspaper printing,
xxiii. 703.
STOPS, Organ, xvn. 828.
STORAGE, Stephen, English musical
composer, XXII. 576.
STORAX, gum and perfume, xxn. 577;
XII. 718; XIV. 687; liquid, ill. 293.
STORCH, Heinrich, German-Russian
economist, xix. 388.
, Nicolaus, German religious en
thusiast, xv. 76; xvii. 32.
STORIA D' ITALIA, by Guicciardiui, xi.
256.
STORK, bird, XXII. 577; parasites of,
xvni. 260.
STORKS, Sir Henry, commissioner of
Ionian Islands, xin. 207.
STORMARN, division of Holstein, xxi.
415.
STORM-COCK, bird, xxm. 322.
STORMONT, district, Scotland, xvm.
667.
STORM-PETREL, bird, xvm. 712.
STORM RONDO, Steibelt's, xxn. 530.
STORMS, xvi. 154; at sea, xvii. 275; in
North America, xxm. 806; in West
Indies, xxiv. 511; in Indian Ocean,
their connexion with sun-spots, xvi.
1 80.
STORM-WARNINGS, xvi. 158.
STORNELLO, variety of Italian poetry,
xix. 272.
STORNOWAY, town, Scotland, xiv. 492;
xx. 854.
STORR ROCK, Skye, Scotland, xxii.
127.
STORY, in architecture, II. 423, 474.
, Joseph, American jurist, xxii.
578; as writer, I. 722.
STOSS, Veit, German sculptor, xvii.
663; XXI. 565.
STOTHARD, Charles Alfred, English
antiquarian draughtsman, xxii. 578.
— , Thomas, English painter, xxii.
578.
STOU, mountain, Styria, Austria, xxii.
614.
STOUP, in architecture, II. 474.
STOUR, river, Kent, England, xiv. 37.
— , river, Suffolk, England, xxii. 621.
STOURBRIDGE, town, England, xxii.
579-
STOUT, malt liquor, iv. 275.
STOUTHRIEF, in law, xxm. 233.
STOVE, xxii. 579; ix. 840; xi. 591; in
garden hothouse, xil. 230; hotblast,
XIII. 302; in relation to smoke abate
ment, XXII. 1 8 1.
STOW, John, English historian and
antiquary, XXII. 579.
STOWAGE, of a ship, xxi. 597, 816.
STOWE, Mrs Harriet Beecher, American
writer, I. 727; her influence against
slavery, xxii. 142.
STOWELL, Lord, English judge, xxii.
580.
STOWMARKET, town, England, xxii.
622.
STRABANE, town, Ireland, xxm. 713.
STRABISMUS, or Squinting, xvii. 785;
spectacles for, XXII. 372.
STRABO, Greek geographer and historian,
xxii. 580; x. 177; on ancient geo
graphy, xv. 516.
, or Strabus, \Valafrid, German
mediaeval writer, xxiv. 320.
STRACCHINO, kind of cheese, xvi. 292.
STRADELLA, Alessandro, Italian com
poser and musician, xxii. 583.
STRADIVARI, Antonio, violin maker,
xxiv. 245.
STRAFFORD, Earl of, English statesman,
xxii. 584; v. 405; viil. 347; his
administration in Ireland, xm. 266.
STRAHLSTEIN, mineral, xvi. 417.
STRAIN, in mechanics, xxii. 595, 598,
605; VII. 819; kinematics of, xv. 693;
produced by magnetization, xv. 268;
produced by longitudinal stress, vn.
806; on ships, xxi. 817.
STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, Malay Penin
sula, xxii. 586, 92; xv. 322.
STRALSUND, town, Prussia, xxii. 587.
STRAMONIUM, narcotic drug, xvii. 231.
STRAND, street, London, Xiv. 847.
STRANGE, Sir Robert, Scottish engraver,
xxii. 588; vin. 442.
STRANGLES, horse disease, xxiv. 203.
STRANGULATION, Death from, xv. 781.
STRANRAER, town, Scotland, xxii. 588;
xxiv. 563.
STRANY, bird, xi. 262.
STRASBURG, Strassburg, or Strasbourg,
town, German Alsace, xxii. 588;
council at (1531), xix. 676; Louis
Napoleon's affair at (1836), XVII. 227;
invention of printing at, XXIII. 689;
its bells, ill. 538; cathedral sculptures,
xxi. 564; library, xiv. 527, 547;
observatory, XVII. 713; university,
xxm. 845, 851.
— TURPENTINE, ix. 225.
STRASS, or Paste, in glass manufacture,
x. 665.
STRATA, of rocks, x. 292; in mines,
xvi. 440.
STRATEGICS, Polyrcnus's work, xix.
411.
STRATEGY, Military, xxiv. 349; naval,
xxiv. 364.
STRATFORD, town, Ontario, Canada,
xxii. 590.
— DE REDCLIFFE, Viscount, English
diplomatist, xxii. 590.
STRATFORD-LE-BOW, district, London,
xiv. 822.
STRATFORD-ON-AVON, town, England,
xxii. 589; xxi. 741.
STRATH, valley, in Scotland, xxi. 524.
STRATHBOGIE, district, Aberdeenshire,
Scotland, I. 44.
CASE, in Church of Scotland, v.
377-
STRATHCLYDE, Kingdom of, Scotland,
xxi. 475.
STRATHEARN, district, Scotland, xvm.
667.
STRATHPEFFER, spa, Scotland, xvi.
435-
STRATIGRAPHY, in geology, x. 325.
STRATO of Lampsacus, Peripatetic philo
sopher, XVIII. 545; on evolution, VIII.
757-
STRATTON, Charles (Tom Thumb),
American dwarf, VII. 568.
STRAUBING, town, Bavaria, xxii. 591.
STRAUCH, Alexander, on tortoises, xx.
441.
STRAUSS, David Friedrich, German
theological writer, xxii. 591 ; his criti
cism of the Gospels, II. 191; x. 841;
his Leben Jesu, xin. 670, 672; its in
fluence on Baur, ill. 448.
, Edward, Austrian musician, XXII.
592.
, Johann (1804-1849), Austrian
composer and musician, xxii. 592.
— , Johann (b. 1825), Austrian
musician, xxii. 592.
, Joseph, Austrian nu;sician, xxii.
592.
STRAUSS-DURCKHEIM, Hercule, French
entomologist, xxii. 592.
STRAW, I. 358, 390, 395; manufactures
of, xxii. 593; bleaching of, in. 821;
use of, in paper -making, xvm. 225;
use of, for thatching, iv. 501.
STRAWBERRY, plant and fruit, xxii.
592; xii. 276.
HlLL, Walpole's residence, Twick
enham, England, xxm. 674; xxiv.
334-
LEAF, in heraldry, XI. 711.
STRAW MANUFACTURES, xxii. 593.
STRAW-PLAIT, xxii. 593; i. 358.
STREAK, in crystals, xvi. 373.
STREAM LINES, in theory of shipbuild
ing, xxi. 8 1 1.
STREATHAM, district, London, xiv. 822.
STREET, George Edmund, English
architect, xxi I. 594.
— — ARCHITECTURE, in England, n.
452.
MAKING, xx. 582.
RAILWAYS, xxm. 506.
SEWERS, xxi. 713.
STREHLENAU, Nicholas (Lenau), Aus
trian writer, x. 546.
STRELITZ, Mecklenburg-, state, Ger
many, xv. 774.
, Neu, town, Mecklenburg-, Ger
many, xvii. 366.
STRENGITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS, xxii. 594:
VII. 816; of iron and steel, XIII. 353;
James Thomson on, VII. 798.
STREPSILAS, genus of birds, xxm. 668.
STREPTONEURA, division of Mollusca,
xvi. 645.
STRESS, in mechanics, xv. 693, 715.
S T R — S U B
421
747; xix. 240; diagrams of, vn. 152;
xxil. 598; dynamics of, VII. 582;
mathematical theory of, VII. 819; on
bridges, iv. 285; in engineering, XXII.
594, 598, 601, 603; in joints, xiu.
732-
STRIATION, in crystals, xvi. 368.
STRICKLAND, Agnes, English historical
writer, xxn. 607.
, Hugh Edwin, on birds, xvin.
14.
STRICTURE OF THE PYLORUS, disease,
xxn. 575.
STRIEGAU, town, Prussia, xxn. 607.
STRIGES, group of birds, xvni. 47.
STRIGOPS, genus of birds, xiu. 825;
xviii. 323.
STRIKE, of rocks, x. 298.
, of workmen, XXIII. 500.
STRING, Manufacture of, xx. 845.
STRING-COURSE, in architecture, n.
474-
STRIXGFELLOW'S FLVING MACHINE,
ix. 323.
STRINGS, Musical, I. in, 112; violin,
xxiv. 244, 246.
STRINNHOLM, Anders Magnus, Swedish
historian, XXII. 758.
STRIX, genus of birds, xvni. 89.
STROH, A., his stereoscope, xxn. 540.
STROKHR, geyser, Iceland, x. 557.
STROM, Hans, Norse zoologist, xvn.
590.
STROMATA, or Stromateis, of Clemens
Alexandrinus, v. 819.
STROMBOLI, island, Lipari group, Medi
terranean, xiv. 683.
STROME FERRY, Ross-shire, Scotland,
xx. 854.
STROMEYERITE, mineral, xvi. 392.
STROMLING, fish, in. 297.
STROMNESS, town, Orkney, Scotland,
xvn. 848.
STRONGBOW, Earl (Richard de Clare),
invasion of Ireland by, XIII. 258.
STRONGYLOSOMA, genus of Myriapoda,
xvn. 120.
STRONGYLUS, genus of nematode
worms, xvn. 325; xxiv. 205, 206.
STRONSAY, island, Orkney, Scotland,
xvn. 846.
STRONTIANITE, mineral, xvi. 398;
xxn. 607.
STRONTIUM, chemical element, xxn.
607; v. 525.
STROPHANTHUS, genus of plants, xxn.
608.
STROPHOMENID^E, family of Brachio-
poda, iv. 195.
STROPHULUS, skin disease, xxn. 122.
STROUD, town, England, xxn. 608.
STROZZI, Filippo, Tuscan noble, XV.
789.
, Piero, Tuscan warrior, XV. 790.
STRUCTURES, Theory of, in mechanics,
xv. 750.
STRUEL SPRINGS, Ireland, vn. 382.
STRUENSEE, Johann Friedrich, Count,
Danish minister, xxn. 608; vn. 87.
VON CARLSBACH, Carl Gustav,
Prussian minister, XXII. 608.
STRUMA, disease, xxi. 554.
, river, Macedonia, xv. 137.
STRUTHIO, genus of birds, xvni. 62, 44.
STRUTS, Strength of, iv. 321; xxn. 606.
STRUVE, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm, Ger
man astronomer, XXII. 608; his work
on measurement of arc of meridian,
vn. 600.
STRUVITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
STRY, town, Galicia, Austria, xxn. 609.
STRYCHNIA, vegetable alkaloid, xvn.
687.
STRYCHNINE, as poison, xix. 279.
STRYCHNOS, genus of plants, xvn. 687.
STRYMON, river, Macedonia, xv. 137.
STRYPE, John, English historical and
biographical writer, xxn. 609.
STRZELECKI, Count, on the geology of
Australia, in. 108.
STUART, Scottish royal family of, xxn.
609; xxi. 490; their connexion with
house of Orange, XII. 79.
, Arabella, wife of William Seymour,
xxn. 610.
, Sir Charles, English envoy in
Portugal, XIX. 551.
— , Charles Edward (The Pretender),
vni. 355; i. 449; v. 426; xxi. 520;
xxn. 610.
, Gilbert, American portrait-painter,
xxn. 611.
-, James, second earl of Murray,
regent of Scotland, XV. 595, 599;
xvn. 62; xxi. 503.
— , James, joint-author of Antiquities
of Athens, n. 444.
— , James Frederick Edward (The Pre
tender), xin. 560; IX. 581; xxn. 610.
— , John, earl of Bute, IV. 511.
— , John M'Douall, Australian ex
plorer, xxn. 611; in. 105.
-, Mary, queen of Scots, xxn. 610.
See Mary.
STUBBS, William, on the origin of the
jury system, xin. 784.
STUCCO, in plaster work, IV. 507; wall
decorations in, xvn. 36.
STUD-BOOK, English, xn. 183.
STUDENTS, in early universities, xxin.
833.
STUDIUM, monastery, at Constantinople,
xvi. 700.
STUDIUS, founder of an order of monks,
xvi. 700.
STUDY OF WORDS, Trench's work,
xxin. 541.
STUFFING, of animals, xxin. 89.
STUFFS, Ancient textile, xxin. 207.
STUHLWEISSENBURG, town, Hungary,
xxn. 611.
STURA, river, Italy, xin. 435.
STURE, Sten and Svante, regents of
Sweden, xxn. 747.
STURGEON, fish, xxn. 611.
STURLA, Lawman and Olaf, Icelandic
writers, XII. 625.
STURLOSON, or Sturluson, Snorri or
Snorro, Icelandic writer, xxn. 201 ;
xxi. 368; xn. 622, 625; Edda of, vn.
649.
STURM, Jacob, ruler of Strasburg, xxn.
589.
— , Jacques Charles Francois, Swiss
mathematician, xxil. 612; I. 516.
— , Johann Christoph, founder of the
Collegium Curiosum, I. 71.
-, Johannes von, of Strasburg, on
education, vii. 673.
STURMHAUBE, mountain, Germany, xx.
552.
STURMIUS, abbot of Fulda, ix. 813.
STURM UNO DRANG, movement in Ger
man literature, vn. 442; x. 537.
STURNUS, genus of birds, xxn. 457.
STURT, Charles, Australian explorer,
xxn. 612; in. 104.
STUTTERING, defect of speech, xxn.
447-
STUTTGART, town, Wiirtemberg, xxn.
612; libraries of, XIV. 527, 547.
STUYVESANT, Peter, director, New
Netherland, America, xvn. 455.
STYLE, of a dial, vn. 154.
, in plants, iv. 144.
STYLIOLA, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 665.
STYLITE, Joshua the, Syriac writer,
xxn. 832.
STYLITES, order of ascetics, xvi. 701.
, Simeon, early Christian ascetic,
xvi. 701; xxn. 830.
STYLOBATE, in architecture, n. 474;
Greek, n. 403.
STYLOGRAPH, pen, xvni. 484.
STYLOMMATOPHORA, suborder of Mol
lusca, xvi. 660.
STYLOTIP, mineral, xvi. 395.
STYLUS, ancient writing implement,
xvni. 483.
STYRAX, shrub, xxn. 577; gum from it,
xn. 718; xiv. 687.
STYRIA, duchy, Austria, xxn. 613.
STYRIAN ALPS, i. 630.
STYX, legendary river, xxn. 614.
— , waterfall, Arcadia, Greece, II. 326.
SUABIA (Swabia), ancient duchy, Ger
many, xxn. 729.
SUADIVA, atoll, Maldive Islands, xv.
328.
SUAKIN, or Suakim, town, Red Sea,
Africa, xxn. 615, 316.
SUANIANS, race of people, Caucasus, v.
257.
SUARDI, Bartolommeo (Bramantino),
Italian painter, xxn. 615.
SUAREZ, Francisco, Spanish theologian
and philosopher, xxi I. 615; XXI. 431.
SUATOPLUK, ruler of Moravia, xvi. Sir.
SUBARNAREKHA, river, India, xxn. 94.
SUBCONSCIOUSNESS, in psychology,
xx. 47.
422
8 U B — S U L
SUBDEACONS, minor order of Roman
Catholic Church, xvn. 820.
SUBEN, Egyptian divinity, VII. 718.
SUBIACO, town, Italy, xxn. 616;
library of, xiv. 530.
SUBJECT, in psychology, xx. 39.
SUBLAPSARIANISM, theological doc
trine, XIX. 670.
SUBLAQUEUM (Subiaco), ancient town,
Italy, xxn. 6 1 6.
SUBLEYRAS, Pierre, French painter,
xxn. 616.
SUBLIMATION, in distillation, vn. 260;
of vapour, vin. 727.
SUBLIME AND BEAUTIFUL, Burke's
work on the, IV. 540.
SUBMARINE MINES, xxm. 449.
SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHIC CABLES,
xxm. 114.
SUBMISSION, in law, n. 312.
SUBORNATION OF PERJURY, xvm.
548.
SUBPOENA, in law, xxn. 642; xxiv.
696.
SUBSTANCE, in Cartesianism, v. 143;
Leibnitz's doctrine of, xiv. 420 ;
Locke's, xiv. 760; Kant's, xiu. 853.
SUBSTANTIALITY, Perception of, in psy
chology, xx. 57.
SUBTIABA, Indian town, Nicaragua, xiv.
455-
SUBTRACTION, in algebra, i. 520; in
arithmetic, II. 527.
SUBUKTIGIN, sultan of Ghazni, XV.
286.
SUBZAWAR, town, Persia, xvm. 627.
SUCCAT (St Patrick, q.v.), patron saint
of Ireland, xvm. 411.
SUCCESSION, in law, XIX. 734; in re
lation to remainder and reversion, xx.
372; under testament, XXIV. 570; in
Roman law, xx. 673, 691, 702, 706,
713; in Salic law, xxi. 214.
, Psychological presentation of, XX.
64; Locke on ideas of, xiv. 759.
— , Spanish, Question of, vill. 352; IX.
575; xxil. 334; war of, in. 126; IX.
580; X. 502; Xiv. 466; XXIL 335.
— DUTY, xxn. 6 1 6.
SUCCINIC ACID, i. 660.
SUCCINITE, mineral, xvi. 428.
SUCCORY (Chicory), plant, v. 614.
SUCCUBUS, dream demon, vn. 62.
SUCHET, Louis Gabriel, duke of Albu-
fera, French marshal, xxn. 617; I.
456.
SUCHIZ, river, Peru, xvm. 673.
Su-CHOW, town, Kan-suh, China, XXII.
617.
— , town, Kiang-su, China, xxn. 617.
— , town, Sze-chuen, China, xxil. 617.
SUCKER, or Lump-Sucker, fish, xv.
65.
SUCKLING, Sir John, English poet and
courtier, xxn. 617.
SUCRE, town, Bolivia, South America,
xxil. 618.
SUCRE, Antonio Jose, president of Boli
via, iv. 17.
SUCTORIA, order of Protozoa, xix. 865.
SUDAN, or Soudan, region, Central
Africa, xxil. 277, 143; xvn. 316.
SUDBURY, town, England, xxil. 618.
SUDENI, ancient tribes, Lithuania, xiv.
701.
SUDETES, mountains, Austria, HI. 116;
xvi. 810; xxn. 53.
SUDHARAM, town, India, XVII. 524.
SUDOGDA, town, Russia, xxiv. 271.
SUDRAKA, Hindu dramatist, XXI. 285.
SUDRAS, Hindu caste, iv. 203, 204; v.
1 88.
SUE, Joseph Marie (Eugene Sue), French
novelist, xxil. 619; IX. 678.
SUERAH, town, Morocco, xvi. 543.
SUESSA AURUNCA (Sessa), ancient town,
Italy, xxi. 693.
SUET, animal fat, xxm. 34.
SUETONIUS, Caius Tranquillus, Latin
writer, XXII. 619; on the early Chris
tians, XIII. 658; his place in Roman
literature, xx. 726.
SUEUR, Eustache le, French painter,
xxil. 619.
-, Thomas le, on magnetism, xv. 236.
SUEVI, confederation of tribes of ancient
Germany, x. 473; their inroads on
Rome, xx. 780; in Spain, xxil. 308.
SUEVI A (Swabia), ancient duchy, Ger
many, xxn. 729.
SUEZ, town, Egypt, xxil. 620.
— , Gulf of, Red Sea, xx. 3 1 6.
CANAL, xxn. 620; i. 266; iv. 789;
Lord Palmerston's opposition to, xvm.
197.
SUFETULA (Sbeitla), ancient town,
Africa, xxm. 620.
SUFFOCATION, Death from, xv. 781.
SUFFOLK, county, England, xxn. 621.
- DUNS, breed of cattle, I. 389.
- PUNCH, horse, i. 385.
WITCHES, Trial of, xxiv. 621.
SUFI II., shah of Persia, xvm. 638.
DYNASTY, Persia, xvm. 634.
SUFIS, Mohammedan sect, vn. 113;
xxn. 662; pantheism of, xvm. 650.
See also Sufism.
SUFISM, Persian philosophical system,
xxm. 242; XL 368; xvi. 594; xvn.
130; xvm. 634; XXIL 659.
SUGAR, XXII. 622; chemistry of, V. 564;
adulteration of, I. 172; relations to
alcohol, I. 470; from beet, I. 382; in
grape juice, xxiv. 603; malt, xv. 338;
maple, xv. 524; in plants, iv. 88; xix.
54; use of, in brewing, iv. 27 1 ; culture
of, in Java, Xlll. 604; in the Philip
pines, xvm. 751; in Queensland, xx.
173; production of, in Brazil, IV. 227;
in Cuba, VI. 68 1; in India, xn. 748;
in United States, xxni. 824.
BERRY, tree, XL 360.
SUGAR-BIRD, xxn. 628.
SUGAR CANDY, vi. 257.
SUGAR OF LEAD, xiv. 378.
SUGAR-PINE, tree, xix. 105; of U.S.A.,
xxni. 809.
SUGDEN, Edward Burtenshaw, Lord
St Leonards, lord chancellor of Eng
land, XXI. 182.
SUGER, Abbe, regent of France, IX. 539.
SUGHUDA (Sogdiana), ancient province,
Persia, xxn. 246.
SUGUT, river, North Borneo, xxi. 123.
SUH-Cnow, or Su-Chow, town, China,
xxn. 617.
SUHL, town, Prussia, xxn. 629.
SUHM, Peter Frederik, Danish historian,
vn. 91.
SUICIDE, xxn. 629; in relation to life
assurance, xin. 197.
SUID^E, family of ungulate mammals,
xxil. 772.
SUIDAS, Greek lexicographer, xxil. 631;
XI. 146.
SUIDGER (Pope Clement II.), v. 821.
SUINDINUM (Le Mans), Roman toAvn,
France, XV. 497.
SUIR, river, Ireland, XIII. 216; XXIII.
405; xxiv. 400.
SuiSSE FOREZIENNE, valley, France,
xiv. 807.
SUKHONA, river, Russia, xxi. 73.
SUKKERTOPPEN, district, Greenland, XI.
170.
SUKKOTHAI, ancient town, Siam, XXI.
854.
SUKKUR, town, India, xxi. 803.
SULA, genus of birds, x. 70.
SULAIMAN, shah of Persia, xvm. 639.
— j Seljuk ruler, xxi. 636.
— , Suleiman, or Suleyman, I., sultan
of Turkey, xxn. 251; xxni. 643;
contests of, with Persia, xvm. 636.
- II., Turkish sultan, xxni. 645.
, Arabic geographer, x. 177.
SULBY, river, Isle of Man, xv. 450.
SULITELMA, mountain, Sweden, xxn.
736.
SULLA, Lucius Cornelius, Roman
general, xxn. 632 ; xx. 760 ; at
Athens, III. 8 ; in Jugurthine War,
XIII. 767; his contests with Marias,
xv. 550; in the Mithradatic War, xv.
56; his relations with Pompey, Xix.
451.
SULLY, Maximilien de Bethune, duke of,
French statesman, XXII. 633; IX. 565.
•, Maurice de, early French sermon-
writer, IX. 648.
SULMONA, town, Italy, xxn. 634.
SULPHATES, in chemistry, v. 505-,
occurring in rocks, x. 228; of alumina,
i. 645; xxn. 637; of ammonia, xvn.
515; of baryta, in. 406; of copper,
xxn. 637; of iron, vi. 352; of lime,
xiv. 648; XI. 351; of lime, as manure,
1.351; of magnesia, vin. 496; xv. 217;
of potash, XIX. 592; of quinine, xx.
184; of silver, xxil. 71 ; of soda, xxn.
240.
S U L — S U K
423
SULPHIDES, in chemistry, v. 478; X.
228; of iron, Kill. 280; of mercury,
xvi. 34; metallic, or pyrites, xx. 128;
in metallic ores, xvi. 61.
SULPHUR, chemical element and mineral,
xxn. 634; v. 498; x. 228; xvi. 380;
as fuel, IX. 809; as an ingredient of
gunpowder, XL 320, 324; its presence
in iron, Xlll. 283; as plant food, xix.
49; mines of, in Formosa, V. 636; in
Sicily, xxii. 30.
ALCOHOLS AND ETHERS, v.
553-
SULPHURETTED HYDROGEN, v. 499;
xxii. 635; as a poison, xix. 279.
SULPHURIC ACID, v. 503; xxii. 636.
SULPHURIC ETHER, as an anaesthetic,
i. 789-
SULPHUROUS ACID, xxii. 636; as a
poison, xix. 279.
SULPHUR SALTS, v. 505; group of
minerals, XVI. 394.
SULPHUR SPRINGS, xvi. 435.
SULPICIA, Tibullus's poems on, XXIII.
349-
SULPICIUS RUFUS, P., Roman tribune,
xx. 760.
SULPICIUS SEVERUS, early Christian
writer, XXI. 702.
SULTAN, sovereign of Turkey, xxm.
654; his place in Islam, xxii. 661;
list of Ottoman sultans, xxm. 652.
SULTANA, Moslem title, XL 478.
SULTANABAD, town, Persia, xvm.
627.
SULTANA RAISINS, xx. 258; of Stanchio,
vi. 444.
SULTAN-DAGH, mountains, Asia Minor,
ii. 705.
SULTANPUR, district and town, India,
xxii. 637.
SULU, town, Philippines, xvm. 750,
752.
— ISLANDS, Philippines, xvm. 752;
pearl fisheries of, XVIII. 447.
SULZER, Johann Georg, Swiss art critic,
x. 535; xxii. 798.
SUMACH, plant, xiv. 382; in U.S.A.,
xxm. 808.
SUMANAP ISLANDS, Java, xm. 600.
SUMAROKOFF, Alexander, Russian
dramatist, VII. 444; XXI. 106.
SUMATRA, island, Indian Archipelago,
xxn. 638; ii. 687; birds of, in. 763.
SUMBAL, or Sumbul, drug, xxn. 641.
SUMBAWA, island, Indian Archipelago,
xxn. 641.
SUMBULPOOR, town, India, xxi. 247.
SUMELAS, monastery, Armenia, xxm.
534-
SUMENEP, town, Madura, Indian Archi
pelago, xv. 194.
SUMER, district, Mesopotamia, xvi. 51.
SUMIDA, river, Japan, xxin. 432.
SUMMAM, river, Algeria, I. 563.
SUMMARY JURISDICTION, Court of,
xxn. 641.
SUMMER-CATARRH, disease, xi. 542.
SUMMER ISLANDS, or Bermudas (q.v.),
in. 599.
SUMMER REDBIRD, xxm. 45.
SUMMERSIDE, town, Prince Edward
Island, xix. 740.
SUMMER-SNIPE, bird, xxi. 260.
SUMMER-TEAL, bird, x. 80.
SUMMERVILLE, town, South Carolina,
U.S.A., xxii. 287.
SUMMISTS, scholastic philosophers, XXI.
425.
SUMMONS, in law, xxii. 642; xxiv.
696; in Scots law, xix. 220.
SUMNER, Charles, American statesman,
xxn. 643.
SUMPTUARY LAWS, xxn. 643.
SUMTER, Fort, South Carolina, U.S.A.,
its surrender, XXIII. 774.
, Thomas, American politician,
xxin. 790.
SUMY, town, Russia, xxii. 645.
SUN, xxii. 645; II. 768, 783; determina
tion of distance of, II. 796; eclipses of,
ii. 788 (see Eclipse); source of heat
of, XVII. 311; its light compared with
that of moon, xvni. 842; its influence
on terrestrial magnetism, xvi. 167,
176, 179; measurements of, xvi. 250;
its connexion with meteoroids, xvi.
113; nautical observations by means
of, xvii. 268; parallax of, xvm. 245;
influence of, on tides, XXIII. 354, 365,
368; festival of, at Heliopolis, xix.
91; festivals, in Japan, XIX. 92; myths
of, xv. 777; xvn. 157; temple of, at
Baalbec, III. 177; worship of , by ancient
Greeks, II. 185; by Peruvians, I. 697;
xx. 364; by Phoenicians, XVIII. 802
(see also Baal); by Sabseans, xxiv.
741. See also Sun-Spots.
SUNAR, river, India, xxi. 146.
SUN-BiRD, xxn. 651; xn. 359.
SUN-BITTERN, bird, xxii. 652 ; xx.
223.
SUNDA ISLANDS, Indian Archipelago,
xxn. 653; xii. 815; language of,
xni. 606.
SUNDARBANS, swamps at mouth of
Ganges, India, x. 68.
SUNDA STRAIT, Indian Archipelago,
xxn. 653, 638.
SUNDAY, xxn. 653; relation of, to the
Sabbath, xxi. 125; sale on, illegal,
xxi. 208.
SUNDERLAND, town, England, xxn.
657.
, Second Earl of, English statesman,
xxn. 657.
-, Third Earl of, English statesman,
xxn. 658.
SUNDEVALL, Carl Johan, on birds,
xvm. 23, 37.
SUNDEW, plant, xni. 134.
SUN-DIAL, vii. 153.
SUNDILAH (Sandila), town, India,
xvni. 72.
SUN-FISH, xxn. 658; xn. 690; xvii.
777; xxi. 777.
SUNFLOWER, plant, xxn. 659; oil from,
xvn. 746.
SUNGARI, river, Manchuria, xv. 466.
SUNGARS, Mongol people, xvi. 749;
xxin. 636.
SUNGEI UJONG, district, Straits Settle
ments, xxn. 587.
SUNIUM, Greece, Temple at, in. 60.
SUNNA, or Sunneh, Moslem traditional
law, xvi. 553, 594; xi. 508.
SUNNIN, mountain, Syria, XIV. 393.
SUNNITES, division of the Moham
medans, XXII. 659; II. 722; XI. 508.
SUN-SlGNALLING, XI. 632.
SUN-SPOTS, ii. 783; xxn. 646; their
connexion with the aurora, in. 97;
with terrestrial magnetism, xvi. 169,
!75» T79> 1 80; with rainfall, IX. 26;
cycles of, xn. 739; Herschel's observa
tions on, xi. 766.
SUNSTONE, mineral, xvi. 420=
SUNSTROKE, xxn. 666; xvni. 394;
death from, XV. 781.
SUNT ISLANDS, Nile, Africa, xvn.
507.
SUPERFCETATION, XV. 779.
SUPERIOR, in land tenure, xiv. 264.
, Lake, North America, Xiv. 217;
xxi. 177, 182; co'pper mines of, xxin.
816.
SUPERNATURALISM, XX. 289.
SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LIME, as manure,
I. 348; manufacture of, xxn. 636.
SUPERSTITION, among primitive races,
vni. 623; Plutarch on, XIX. 234.
SUPLINBURG, Count of (emperor Loth-
air), xv. 9.
SUPPLIANTS, The, Euripides's play,
vni. 676.
SUPPLICATIONS, of the Litany, xiv. 696.
SUPPLIES, Granting of, in parliament,
xvni. 313.
-, Military, xxiv. 349.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND, in economics,
xxiv. 47.
SUPPORTERS, in heraldry, XL 710.
SUPPURATION, in inflammatory diseases,
xvni. 400; of wounds, xxn. 682; in
process of healing, xvni. 365.
SUPRALAPSARIANISM, theological doc
trine, XIX. 670.
SUPRARENAL BODIES, i. 908; diseases
of, xvni. 384.
SUPREMACY ACT (1535), England, xi.
664; xxin. 199.
SUPREME COURT, of United States, n.
210; xni. 789; xxin. 750.
SUR, town, Palestine, xxin. 710.
SURA, river, Russia, xvni. 514; xxn.
76; xxiv. 279.
SURABAYA, town, Java, xni. 605, 606;
xxn. 667.
SURAHWA NUT, xvii. 664.
SURAJAH DOWLAH, Bengali ruler, vi.
10; xn. 801.
424
S U R — S W E
SURAKARTA, town, Java, xvni. 601,
606; xxn. 667.
SURAM, Mountains of, Caucasia, v. 252.
SURAS, sections of the Koran, xvi. 598.
SURASHTRA, district, India, xiv. 14.
SURAT, district, India, XXII. 667; town,
xxn. 667; English factory at, xn.
798-
SURAYI, modern Nestorians, xvn. 358.
SURAZH, town, Russia, xxni. 96; xxiv.
262.
SURBASE, in architecture, n. 474.
SURBITON, town, England, XXII. 667.
SUR-DAS, Hindi writer, XI. 845.
SURDS, in algebra, I. 534.
SURDUS LOQUENS, John Conrad Am
man's work, vil. 6.
SUREN, Syriac writer, XXII. 844.
SURENAS, Parthian general, XVIII.
596.
SURETY, in law, xxu. 667; xi. 236;
xvni. 309.
SURFACE, in geometry, xxn. 668.
SURFACE-DRAINING, i. 329.
SURFACE-TENSION, of fluids, v. 62.
SURF-DUCK, bird, XXI. 470.
SURGERY, xxn. 672; in relation to
medicine, XV. 796; Desault's contri
butions to, vil. 115; Hunter's, xil.
387; Syme's, XXII. 810; academies of,
i. 77; societies, xxn. 226.
SURGUT, town, Siberia, xxni. 430.
SURI, town, India, in. 697.
SURICATE, carnivorous mammal, xv.
437-
SURINAM, or Dutch Guiana, South
America, XI. 251.
SURKHAB, river, Central Asia, XII. 3;
xvni. 103.
SURKHAN, river, Central Asia, XII. 3.
SURNAMES, x. 144; xvn. 169; in Eng
land, vin. 300.
SURPLICE, church vestment, vi. 463.
SURPLUS VALUE, Marx's theory of,
XXII. 211.
SURRENDER, in law, xxn. 692.
SURRENTUM (Sorrento), ancient town,
Italy, xxn. 276.
SURREY, county, England, xxn. 693.
— , Earl of, English poet, xxn. 694;
vin. 415; his relations with Wyat,
xxiv. 704.
SURROGATE, ecclesiastical deputy, xxn.
695.
— , judicial administrator, in U.S.A.,
xxn. 695.
SURTURBRAND, mineral, XVI. 429.
SURVEYING, xxn. 695; geodesic, x.
163.
, Book of, agricultural work, I.
296.
SURVEY OF LONDON, Stow's, xxn. 580.
SURVILLIERS, Comte de (Joseph Bona
parte, q.v.), IV. 28.
SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST, in biology,
i. 87; vin. 615, 750; xxiv. 80; in
relation to socialism, xxn. 219.
SURVIVORSHIP, Presumption of, xv.
779-
Sus, genus of ungulate mammals, xxn.
773-
, Wady, river, Morocco, xvi. 832.
SUSA, town, Italy, XXII. 722.
, town, North Africa, XI. 366.
, ancient town, Persia, xxn. 722;
xxi. 849; architectural remains at,
n. 400.
SUSANNA, of the Apocrypha, xxn. 723;
n. 181.
SUSANNITE, mineral, xvi. 400.
SUSARION, Greek comedian, xv. 828.
SUSIANA (Elam), ancient province,
Persia, vn. 794; xiv. 68; as a Parthian
satrapy, xvni. 586, 592.
SUSO, Heinrich, German mystic, X. 526;
xvn. 133.
SUSPENSION BRIDGES, iv. 301; me
chanics of, xv. 740.
SUSQUEHANNA, river, U.S.A., xv. 603;
xvni. 500.
SUSSEX, county, England, xxn. 723.
SUSSEXITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
SiissMiLCH, J. P., Prussian statistician,
xxn. 462.
SUSTENTATION FUND, of Free Church
of Scotland, IX. 744.
Susu, dolphin of the Ganges, xn. 743.
SUTHERLAND, county, Scotland, xxn.
726.
SUTLEJ, river, India, xn. 847; XX. 107;
reached by Alexander, I. 484.
SUTORS OF CROMARTY, headlands,
Scotland, xx. 854.
SUTRA OF REASON AND OF VIRTUE,
by Laou-tsze, v. 664.
SUTRAS, in Sanskrit literature, xxi.
274.
SUTRO TUNNEL, Comstock mines,
Nevada, U.S.A., xvn. 368.
SUTTEE, Hindu rite, xxn. 727; iv. 210;
abolition of, xn. 806.
SUTTER, John Augustus, early settler
in California, xxi. 132; discoverer of
gold there, iv. 694.
SUTTON COLDFIELD, town, England,
xxn. 727.
SUTTON-IN-ASHFIELD, town, England,
xxn. 727; xvn. 598.
SUTURES, Anatomy of, I. 832.
SUTZ, lake-dwelling, Bienne, Switzer
land, xiv. 223.
SUVARNAMUKHI, river, India, xvn.
320.
SUWAKIM (Suakin), seaport, Red Sea,
Africa, xxn. 615, 316.
SUWALKI, government, Russian Poland,
xxn. 727; town, xxn. 728.
SUWAROFF, or Suvoroff, Alexander
Vasilievich, Russian general, xxii.
728; xxi. 100; his retreat through
Switzerland, in. 130; his successes
against the Turks, xxni. 647.
SUZDAL, principality, Russia, xxi. 89;
town, xxiv. 271.
SUZUNSK, town, Siberia, xxni. 439.
SVANBERGITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
SVART, Peder, Swedish chronicler, xxn.
754-
SVEABORG, fortress, Finland, Russia,
xxn. 728.
SVEALAND, division of Sweden, xxn.
736.
SVEDBERG (Swedenborg, q.v.), Emanuel,
Swedish mystic, xxn. 758.
, Jesper, bishop of Skara, Swedish
poet, xxn. 755, 758.
SVENDBORG, town, Denmark, vn. 83.
SVERRI, Norwegian chief, xvn. 588.
SVETO-BRDO, mountain, Dalmatia, vi.
783-
SVIATOSLAFF, Russian chief, xxi. 88.
SVIENCIANY, town, Russia, xxiv. 234.
SVIR, river, Russia, xvn. 772; xxi. 73.
SVIYAGA, river, Russia, xxn. 76.
SWABBERS, in primitive whist, xxiv.
543-
SWABIA, ancient duchy, Germany, xxn.
729.
-, province, Bavaria, in. 453.
SWAFFHAM, town, England, xvn. 536.
SWAHILI, people, East Coast, Africa,
xxii. 729.
COAST, East Africa, xxiv. 768.
SWAINSON, William, on birds, XVIII. 13.
SWALE, river, England, xxiv. 747.
SWALEDALE TROUT, fish, XXI. 223.
SWALLOW, bird, xxn. 729; migrations
of, in. 769.
SWALLOWING, Process of, i. 838; xvn.
669.
SWAMMERDAM, John, Dutch naturalist,
xxn. 730; i. 812.
SWAN, bird, xxn. 730.
SWANENBURCH, J. I. van, Dutch
painter, XX. 373.
SWAN-GOOSE, bird, X. 778.
SWANHERD, Royal, in England, xxn.
73i-
SWANIMOTE, forest court, early England,
ix. 409.
SWAN-PAN, Chinese arithmetical abacus,
i. 4.
SWAN RIVER, Western Australia, in.
107; xxiv. 507.
SWANSEA, town, Wales, xxn. 732.
SWARMING, of bees, in. 495.
SWARTZ, Olof, Swedish botanist, xxn.
733-
SWATOW, or Swartow, town, China,
xxn. 733.
SWEARING, Judicial, xvn. 698.
— AND CURSING, Laws against, in.
807.
SWEAT, SWEATING, xvn. 685; sweat
glands, i. 899; excessive sweating,
xxn. 120.
SWEATING SICKNESS, xxn. 734.
SWEDEN, xxn. 736; union of, with
Norway(i8i4), xvn. 589; Reformation
in. xx. 336; under Charles XIL, v. 420;
under Gustavus Adolphus, XI. 333;
S W E — S Y M
425
academy, 1.73, 76; army, 11.616; birds,
xviii. 17; church, vin. 491; rising
of the coast of, iv. 412; coins, xvn.
658; fisheries, IX. 267; forests, IX. 399;
Jews in, Xill. 686 ; language, XXI.
370; Lapps, xiv. 305; libraries, xiv.
532, 549; mines, XVI. 469; newspapers,
xvn. 429; observatories, xvn. 714;
periodical literature, XVIII. 543; prison
system, xix. 763; railways, xx. 251;
weights and measures, xxiv. 490.
SWEDENBORG, Emanuel, Swedish
mystic, XXII. 758; XVII. 135; as theo-
sophist, xxni. 279; Swedenborgianism,
xxn. 759.
SWEDES, people of Northern Europe,
xxn. 744.
SWEDIAUR, Dr, on ambergris, I. 660.
SWEDISH LANGUAGE, xxi. 370 ; dic
tionaries of, vii. 1 86.
SWEDISH LITERATURE, xxn. 753.
SWEET, Henry, on sound notation, xxn.
385-
BRIER, plant, vn. 698.
- FLAG, plant, ix. 280.
— GUM, xiv. 687.
— OIL, xx. 273.
PEA, garden annual, xn. 249;
xviii. 441.
POTATO, xix. 597; xxiv. 727.
SEDGE, plant, ix. 280.
WILLIAM, plant, xix. 107.
SWEGEN, Sweyn, or Svend, Dano-
English king, vill. 287; Vii. 84.
SWEINBIORNSSON, Hrafn, Icelandic
chief and poet, XII. 625.
SWELL, rolling waves, xxiv. 419.
SWERKER KARLSSON, Swedish king,
xxil. 745.
SWETAMBARAS, Jain sect, India, xin.
544-
SWEYN, or Swegen, Dano-English king,
vii. 84, 89; vin. 287.
SWIETENIA, genus of trees, XV. 288.
SWIFT, bird, xxn. 760.
, Jonathan, dean of St Patrick's,
Dublin, satirist, XXII. 761; his ridicule
of astrology, 1 1. 743 ; his connexion
with newspapers, xvn. 416; as satirist,
XXI. 320; his place in English litera
ture, Vill. 426; his relations with Sir
William Temple, xxm. 172.
— , Thomas, grandfather of Dean
Swift, XXII. 761.
SWIMMING, xxn. 768.
SWINDON, town, England, XXII. 772.
SWINE, xxn. 772; xv. 430; i. 400;
diseases of, xxiv. 205, 206 ; as un
clean animals, xxni. 18.
SWINEMUNDE, town, Prussia, xxn. 775.
SWINEPIPE, bird, xx. 318.
SwiNESHEAD ABBEY, Lincolnshire, Eng
land, xiv. 656.
SWINTON, town, Lancashire, England,
xxn. 775.
, town, Yorkshire, England, xxn.
775-
Swiss CONFEDERATION, xxn. 781.
Swiss LEAGUES (1320 and 1803), xxn.
783-
Swiss LITERATURE, xxn. 796.
SWITCHES, Railway, xx. 237.
SWITHUN, St, bishop of Winchester,
xxn. 775.
SWITZERLAND, country, Europe, xxn.
776 (index, 800); Reformation in,
xx. 331; William Tell's place in its
history, xxni. 155 ; Winkelried's,
xxiv. 612 ; Zwingli's Reformation
movement, xxiv. 833; Alps of, I.
625; army, n. 616; coins, xvn. 656;
forests, IX. 403; confederate govern
ment, IX. 62; Italian dialect spoken
in, xin. 492; Jews in, Xill. 686; lake-
dwellings, XIV. 223; land-tenure, Xiv.
262; libraries, xiv. 528, 548; news
papers, xvn. 431; observatories, xvn.
713; periodical literature, xvin. 542;
police system, XIX. 344; prison system,
xix. 763; railways, xx. 251; univer
sity statistics, xxni. 849 ; weights
and measures, XXI v. 490; Zschokke's
works on, xxiv. 825; Dufour's survey
map of, vii. 515.
SWORD, xxn. 800; vi. 733; ancient
swords, n. 553.
, Order of the Brothers of the,
Livonia, XIV. 724.
SWORD-FISH, xxn. 804; xv. 399.
SWYNDERLY, Lollard fanatic, xiv. 811.
SYBARIS, town, Magna Graecia, Italy,
XXII. 805; river, XV. 37.
SYCAMORE, tree, xv. 524; culture of,
n. 317; use of the wood for carving,
xxiv. 645.
FIG, tree, ix. 154.
SYCANDRA, genus of sponges, xxn.
424.
SYCON TYPE, of sponges, xxn. 413.
SYCOSIS, disease, xvin. 269.
SYDENHAM, suburb of London, England,
xxn. 805.
, Thomas, English physician, xxn.
805; xv. 811.
SYDNEY, town, New South Wales, xxn.
806; in. 114; library, xiv. 550;
observatory, xvn. 716; university,
xxni. 856.
, Algernon, English statesman, xxn.
33-
SYENE, ancient town, Egypt, VII. 783.
SYENITE, rock, x. 234; XL 49.
SYEVSK, town, Russia, xvn. 826.
SYLBURG, Friedrich, German scholar,
xxn. 809.
SYLHET, district, Assam, India, xxn.
809; town, xxn. 8 10.
SYLLABUS, Papal (1864), xvn. 754.
SYLLEUM, ancient town, Asia Minor,
xvin. 207.
SYLLOGISM, in logic, XIV. 785, 789; rhe
torical, XX. 511; Aristotle on, 11. 516.
SYLT, island, off Schleswig, North Sea,,
xxn. 810; xxi. 414.
SYLTOPPAR, mountain, Sweden, xxn.
736.
SYLVA, Andre Nunes de, Portuguese
poet, xix. 556.
SYLVANA, Weber's opera, xxiv. 468.
SYLVANITE, mineral, xvi. 393.
SYLVESTER I., pope, xxn. 74.
— II., pope, xxn. 74; xix. 497; as
scholastic philosopher, xxi. 421.
— III., pope, xxn. 76; xix. 498.
— , Russian writer, xxi. 104.
, James Joseph, mathematician, I.
516; on the rolling ellipsoid, xv. 737;
his four-point problem, XIX. 785.
SYLVIA, genus of birds, xvin. 53; xxiv.
366, 553, 688.
SYLVICULTURE, or Forestry, ix. 397.
SYLVIID^E, family of birds, xxiv. 367.
SYLVINE, mineral, xix. 588.'
SYLVITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
SYLVIUS (Francis de la Boe), Dutch
chemist and physician, v. 460; xv.
8 10.
, /Eneas (Pope Pius II.), xix. 152.
, Jacobus (Jacques Dubois), French
anatomist, I. 807; xxn. 676.
SYMBHUNATHA, town, Nepal, xvn. 342.
SYMBIOSIS, vegetable commensalism,
xvin. 268.
SYMBOLIC METHOD, or Calculus of
Operations, Xin. 28.
SYMBOLICS, department of theology, vi.
558, 565; xxni. 276.
SYMBOLISM, Mystic, xv. 202; of the
Physiologus, xix. 7; zodiacal, xxiv.
791; Lully's, xv. 64.
SYMBOLS, Hieroglyphic, XL 794, 802.
— , Logical, xiv. 80 1.
— , of number, xvn. 625.
SYMBOLUM QUICUNQUE, or Athanasian
Creed, vi. 562.
SYME, James, Scottish surgeon, xxn.
8 10.
SYMEON, surnamed Metaphrastes, By
zantine hagiographer, xxn. 811.
of Durham, early English his
torian, xxn. 8 1 1.
SYMMACHUS, pope, xxn. Sir; xix.
492.
, Quintus Aurelius, Roman consul
and writer, xxn. 8n; I. 663.
SYMMER, Robert, his electrical re
searches, vin. 7.
SYMMETRY, in algebra, I. 521.
, in geometry, XIX. 797.
SYMONDS, Symond, vicar of Bray,
xvin. 552.
SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM, i.
883; xix. 43.
SYMPATHY, Adam Smith on, xxn. 171.
SYMPHEROPOL, town, Crimea, vi. 586.
SYMPHONY, in music, xvn. 95.
SYMPIEZOMETER, variety of barometer,
in. 383.
SYMPLESITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
SYMPOSIUM, dialogue of Plato, xix.
200.
XXV. - 54
426
S Y M — T A B
SYMPOSIUM, Xenophon's work, xxiv.
721.
SYNAGOGUE, Jewish, xxil. Su; the
Great, v. 3; xin. 419.
SYSTEM, its influence 011 Chris
tianity, v. 698.
SYNCERUS, Actius (Jacopo Sannazaro),
Italian poet, xxi. 267.
SYNCHONDROSIS OF BONES, i. 832.
SYNCOPE, or Fainting, xi. 554; xxn.
681.
— , Heat, sxmstroke, xxn. 666; xvm.
394-
SYNCRETISTIC CONTROVERSY, in
Lutheran Church, iv. 707.
SYNEDRIUM, or Sanliedrin, Jewish
council, xxil. 812; xin. 424; of Paris,
decrees of (1806), xni. 683; contro
versy regarding, in Lutheran Church,
XV. 85.
SYNERGISM, Melanchthon's doctrine of,
xv. 834.
SYNESIUS, bishop of Ptolemais, XXIL
812; as hymn-writer, xn. 579; as
Neoplatonist philosopher, xvil. 337.
SYNETHERES, genus of rodent mammals,
xix. 518; xv. 420.
SYNGENITE, mineral, xvi. 402.
SYNGNATHUS, genus of fishes, xix.
112.
SYNNADA (Kara Hissar), ancient town,
Asiatic Turkey, xiv. 2.
SYNOCHA, or Relapsing Fever, disease,
XXIII. 680.
SYNOD, ecclesiastical assembly, vi. 510;
in Presbyterianism, xix. 677, 679,
681, 693.
, Eobber, at Ephesus, xiv. 448.
SYNODONTIS, genus of fishes, xxn. 68.
SYNOZCA, genus of wasps, xxiv. 392.
SYNOPTICAL GOSPELS, The, x. 789.
SYNTAGMA MUSICUM, Prcetorius's work,
xix. 656.
SYNTAGMA PHILOSOPHICUM, Gassendi's
work, x. 1 06.
SYNTAX, in grammar, XL 38; of Aryan
language, xvin. 790.
SYNTENGS, race of people, India, xin.
544-
SYNTHESIS, Relation of, to analysis, I.
793 ; as mental process, xx. 5 1 ; psycho
logical forms of, xx. 78.
SYPHAX, king of Numidia, xv. 608;
XVIL 627.
SYPHILIS, disease, xvin. 404; xxn. 686;
use of mercury for, xvi. 35; vaccinal,
xxiv. 27.
SYPHON, hydraulic apparatus, xxil. 95.
SYRA, Greek island, XXIL 813.
SYRACUSE, town, Sicily, xxil. 813, 17;
Timoleon's rule in, xxin. 397; cata
combs of St John at, V. 215; coins of,
xvil. 638; system of conduits at, II.
219.
— , town, New York, U.S.A., xxil.
818.
SYR-DARIA, river, Central Asia, xxn.
SiS; IX. 85; xi. 822; XX. 95; xxin.
511, 512.
SYR-DARIA, province, Russian Tur
kestan, xxn. 819.
SYREN, sound-producing instrument, I.
109.
SYRIA, country, Asia, xxn. 821; n. 686;
xxin. 653; Phoenician, xvin. Soi;
invasion of, by the Arabs, II. 257;
under the Seljuks, XXL 636; conquest
of, by the Turks, xxin. 643;
Napoleon's invasion of (1799), XVIL
201; coins of, XVII. 649.
SYRIAC CANON, v. 12.
SYRIAC LANGUAGE, n. 307; xxi. 649;
dictionaries of, vil. 189.
SYRIAC LITERATURE, xxn. 824.
SYRIAC NUMERALS, xvn. 625.
SYRIAN CHURCH, xxn. 827.
SYRINGA, genus of trees, xiv. 640.
SYRLIN, Jorg, German sculptor, xxi.
565.
SYRO-CHALDEANS, of Church of Rome,
xx. 631.
SYROKOMLA, Polish writer, xix. 305.
SYROPHCENICIA, district, Western Asia,
xxn. 823.
SYROS (Syra), Greek island, xxn. 813.
SYRRHAPTES, genus of birds, xxi. 258.
SYRUPS, sugar products, xxn. 627.
SYRUS, Ephraem, early Christian writer,
vin. 470; XXIL 827; as hymn-writer,
XII. 579.
•, Publius, Latin farce-writer, xiv.
164.
SYSSITIA, the public mess, at Sparta,
xv. 96.
SYSTEMA NATURAE, Linnosus's work,
xiv. 673.
SYSTEME DE LA NATURE, by Holbach,
xn. 53; ix. 669.
SYTCHEVKA, town, Russia, xxn. 183.
SYTTENDEMAI-POESI, in Norwegian
literature, xvil. 590.
SYZRAN, town, Russia, xxn. 856.
SZABADKA, town, Hungary, xxn. 856.
SZABOITE, mineral, xvi. 417.
SZAIBELYITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
SZAJNOCHA, Karl, Polish historian, xix.
305-
SZAMOS, river, Transylvania, xxin. 252.
SZARVAS, town, Hungary, xxn. 856.
SZARZYUSKI, Polish poet, xix. 301.
SzATMAR-NEMETl, town, Hungary,
xxil. 856.
SZCZEWO (Dirschau), town, Prussia,
vn. 257.
SZCZUCZYN, town, Russia, xiv. 8 1 7.
SZECHENYl, Count Stephen, Hungarian
leader, xn. 371.
SZE-CHUEN, province, China, v. 638.
SZEGEDIN, town, Hungary, xxn. 856.
SZEKLERS, people, Transylvania, xxin.
C22.
SZENTES, town, Hungary, XXIL 856.
SZIDLOWIEC, town, Poland, xx. 218.
SZIGET, town, Hungary, xxn. 856.
SZOBOSZLO, Hajdu, town, Hungary, XL
377-
SZOLNOK, town, Hungary, xxn. 856.
SzujSKl, Polish historian, xix. 305.
SZYMONOWICZ, Polish poet, XIX. 301.
'"P the twentieth letter of the alphabet,
-*- > xxin. i.
TAAL, volcano, Philippines, xvill. 749.
TAAS, or Pagodas, Chinese, n. 449.
TAB, river, Persia, xvin. 620.
TABARD, in mediaeval costume, vi. 470.
TABARI, Arab historian, xxin. i ; xvin.
656.
TABARINADES, species of French drama,
vn. 424.
TABARIYA (Tiberias), town, Palestine,
xxin. 334.
TABARKA, harbour, Tripoli, North
Africa, xxill. 575.
TABAS, town, Persia, xvm. 627.
TABASCHEER, concretion formed in
joints of bamboo, in. 306.
TABASCO, state, Mexico, xvi. 214.
TABASSARANIANS, Caucasian tribe, xiv.
475-
TABAXIR, concretion formed in joints of
bamboo, in. 306.
TABENN/E, in Upper Egypt, Monastery
of, xvi. 700.
TABERGITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
TABERNACLE, of Scripture, xxin. 5.
, in architecture, II. 474.
TABERNACLES, Feast of, Jewish, xxin.
6.
TABES DORSALIS, disease, xvin. 392.
TABINET, variety of cloth, xix. 512.
TABITI, Scythian deity, xxi. 576.
TABLAS, island, Philippines, xvin. 752.
TABLAZO, or Plateau, region, Peru, xvin.
670.
TABLE, in furniture, ix. 850.
BAY, South Africa, v. 50.
TABLE-LANDS, Formation of, x. 374.
TABLE MOUNTAIN, South Africa, v.
42, 50.
TABLES, Mathematical, xxin. 7.
— , Statistical, xxn. 465.
•, The XII., in Roman law, XIV. 328;
- xx. 678, 737.
TABLE TALK, Luther's, i. 785; xv. 84;
Selden's, I. 785; XXI. 631.
TABLETS, of ivory, iv. 37; for writing,
vn. 257; xvin. 143.
TABLE - TURNING, at spiritualistic
seances, xxil. 405, 406.
TABOO, system of religious prohibitions,
xxin. 15; xx. 365; in Polynesia,
XIX. 428; connexion of, with totem-
ism, xxin. 468.
TABOR, mountain, Palestine, xvin. 171.
— , musical instrument, xix. 1 10.
TABORITES, section of the Hussites
(q.v.\ xn. 407; xvi. Si i.
TABRIZ, or Tabreez, town, Persia, xxin.
18; xvin. 626, 628.
T A B — T A L
427
TABU (Taboo, q.v.), xxm. 15.
TABULARIUM, building, ancient Rome,
xx. 825.
TACAMAHAC, tree, xix. 512.
TACARIGUA, lagoon, Venezuela, xxiv.
34-
TACHHYDRITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
TA-CHIEN-LU, town, Tibet, xxm. 342.
TACHIM, river, Siam, xxi. 850.
TACHOS, Egyptian prince, xvm. 579.
TACHYGLOSSUS, genus of monotreme
mammals, vil. 628.
TACHYGRAPHY, or Shorthand, xxi.
836; in ancient MSS., xvm. 164.
TACITUS, Roman historian, xxm. 19;
on the early Christians, XIII. 657; his
language and style, xiv. 337 ; his
place in Roman literature, xx. 725;
Lipsius's edition of, xiv. 686.
, M. Claudius, Roman emperor,
xxm. 20.
TACKING, in seamanship, xxi. 599.
TACKLE, in mechanics, xv. 763.
— , Fishing, 11. 44.
TACLOBAN, town, Philippine Islands,
xvm. 752.
TACNA, town, Chili, xvm. 674.
TACSONIA, genus of plants, XVIII.
343-
TACTICS, Military, xxiv. 353; modern
changes in, II. 565; naval, xxiv. 365.
TACTILE SENSE, xxm. 478; XL 554.
TADJIKS, or Tajiks (q.v.), races of
people, Asia, xxm. 25.
TADMOR, or Palmyra, ancient town,
Syria, xvm. 198; vi. 199.
TADORNA, genus of birds, xxi. 788.
TADOUSAC, fish-breeding station, Can
ada, xx. 167.
TADPOLE, of frog, ix. 795; xxiv. 179;
of ascidian, xxiv. 179.
T^ENIA, genus of tape-worms, xxm. 50,
54; xxiv. 205, 206.
T/ENIAT;E, group of Actinozoa, I. 132.
TAE-YUEN Foo, town, China, v. 634.
TAFFETA, variety of cloth, xxm. 210.
TAFIA, inferior quality of rum, XXI. 58.
TAFILELT, oasis, xxm. 21; xvi. 832.
TAGAL, town, Java, xm. 606.
TAGALOG, language, Philippine Islands,
xvm. 753.
TAGALS, race of people, Philippine
Islands, xvm. 753.
TAGANROG, town, Russia, xxm. 21.
TAGARCHI, town, Turkestan, xxiv.
728.
TAGAWOST, town, Morocco, xvi. 834.
TAGBILARAN, town, Philippine Islands,
xvm. 752.
TAGETES, genus of plants, xv. 544.
TAGHARDEIT, town, North Africa, x.
76.
TAGHARMA PEAK, mountain, Turke
stan, xxm. 637.
TAGHIL, or Nijne-Taghilsk, town, Russia,
xvii. 500; xvm. 550.
TAGILITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
TAGLIACOZZI, Gasparo, Bolognese
surgeon, xxm. 21.
TAGLIONI, Marie, Italian ballet-dancer,
xxm. 21.
, Italian farinaceous food, xv. 125.
TAGUS, river, Spain and Portugal,
xxm. 21 ; xxii. 295.
TAHITIANS, race of people, xxm. 23.
TAHITI ARCHIPELAGO, Pacific Ocean,
xxm. 22; barrier reef of, xvm. 129;
taboo system in, XXIII. 16.
TAHMASP, shah of Persia, xvm. 636.
II., of Persia, xvm. 640.
TAHOE, Lake, California and Nevada,
U.S.A., iv. 698; xvii. 367.
TAIF, district, Arabia, XV. 669; town,
xvi. 550, 560.
TAIKO, Japanese title, xm. 583.
TAIKUN (Tycoon), Japanese ruler, xm.
584.
TAI LAKE, China, v. 632.
TAI LI-AMR-ILLAH, caliph, xvi. 588.
TAILOR-BIRD, xxiv. 367.
TAIMORO, tribe, Madagascar, xv. 171.
TAIN, town, Scotland, xx. 854.
TAINE, Hyppolite Adolphe, French
writer, ix. 68 1; on aesthetics, I. 220;
on the fine arts, IX. 214.
TAI-PING REBELLION, China, v. 652.
TAIRA, Japanese clan, xm. 582.
TAISAKA, tribe, Madagascar, xv. 171.
TAI-SHAN, mountain, China, v. 633.
TAIT, P. Guthrie, his experiments in
thermo-electricity, vin. 98; (with Sir
TV. Thomson) on tidal retardation of
earth's rotation, xxm. 377.
TAI-TSUNG, emperor of China, v. 645.
TAIWAN (Formosa, q.v.), island, China,
ix. 415.
TAIWANFU, town, Formosa, China, ix.
417.
TAI-YUAN, town, China, v. 634.
TAJAKS, or Tajiks, races of people, Asia,
xxm. 25; i. 235, 243; iv. i; ix. 85;
xii. 3 ; xiv. 64 ; xxii. 820 ; xxm.
25.
TAJAND, river, Persia, xvm. 626.
TAJIKS, or Tajaks (q.v.), races of people,
Asia, xxm. 25.
TAJ-MAHAL, mausoleum, Agra, India,
i. 286.
TAJO, or Tagus, river, Spain and Portu
gal, xxm. 21 ; xxii. 295.
TAJPUR, district, India, xvii. 114.
TAKA, region, Nubia, xvii. 611.
TAKAZZE, affluent of Atbara, Africa,
xvn. 507.
TAKHTI JAMSHID, or Persepolis (q.v.),
ancient town, Persia, XVIII. 558.
TAKKA, Punjab tribe, India, xx. 1 10.
TAKLA-MAKAN, desert, Turkestan,
xxm. 638.
TALAGHAT, tract in Salem district,
India, xxi. 210.
TALAMANCA INDIANS, Central America,
vi. 450.
TALANG, volcano, Sumatra, xxii. 638.
TALAS ALA-TAU, mountains, Turkestan,
xxii. 820.
TALAT MUSA, mountain, Syria, Xiv.
394-
TALAVERA DE LA REINA, town, Spain,
xxm. 25; battle of (1809), xxiv.
495-
TALBOT, Family of, English aristocracy,
xxm. 25.
, Sir John, earl of Shrewsbury,
xxm. 25; in France, ix. 550; viceroy
of Ireland, xm. 261.
-, Richard, earl of Tyrconnel, xm.
268.
, William Henry Fox, English
scientist and archaeologist, xxm. 27;
his photographic process, xvm. 824.
TALBOT'S BANDS, of light, xxiv. 441.
TALBOT YPE, in photography, xxm. 27.
TALC, mineral, x. 228; xv. 217; xvi.
414.
TALCA, town, Chili, xxm. 27; province,
v. 617.
TALCOSITE, mineral, xvi. 424.
TALEGALLUS, genus of birds, xv. 827.
TALENT, ancient measure of weight,
xxiv. 486; money, xvn. 631.
TALE OF A TUB, Swift's work, xxii.
763-
TALES, or Stories, xxm. 27; in romance
literature, xx. 632; as folk-lore, ix.
358.
OF FASHIONABLE LIFE, Edge-
worth's, vii. 654.
OF A GRANDFATHER, Scott's, xxi.
55i-
OF A TRAVELLER, Irving's work,
xm. 373.
OF A WAYSIDE INN, Longfellow's
poem, xiv. 86 1.
TALFOURD, Sir Thomas Noon, English
judge and dramatic writer, xxm. 29.
TALIACOTIUS (Gasparo Tagliacozzi),
Italian surgeon, XXIII. 21.
TALIESSIN, Welsh poet, v. 317.
TALIPES, or Clubfoot, vi. 42.
TALIPOT PALM, xvm. 191.
TALISMAN, or Amulet, i. 781; xv. 203.
TALLAGE, English tax, xxm. 29.
TALLAHASSEE, town, Florida, U.S.A.,
ix. 339-
TALLARD, Camille d' Hostun, Comte de,
French marshal, IX. 581.
TALLEYRAND DE PERIGORD, Charles
Maurice, French politician, xxm. 29.
TALLIAGE, English tax, xxm. 29.
TALLIEN, Jean Lambert, French Revolu
tionist, xxm. 32.
TALLIES, Exchequer, ix. 182.
TALLINGITE, mineral, xvi. 385.
TALLIS, Thomas, English musical com
poser, xxm. 33; xvn. 85.
TALLITH, Jewish prayer-scarves, xix.
i.
TALLOW, animal fat, xxm. 34; xvii.
739> 743) 746.
OILS, xvn. 744.
428
T A L — T A O
TALLYS, or Tallis, Thomas, English
composer, xxm. 33; XVII. 85.
TALMA, Joseph Frangois, French trage
dian, xxm. 35; vn. 425.
TALMUD, in Jewish literature, XXIII.
35; xin. 429; xvi. 286, 504; xx. 852;
XL 600; references of, to Jesus Christ,
XIII. 659; Deutsch on, VII. 134.
TALPA, genus of insectivorous mammals,
xvi. 608; xv. 404.
TALPURS, dynasty in Sind, India, xxn.
92.
TALUK, subdistrict, India, xv. 186.
TALUKDARS, territorial magnates of
Oudh, India, xil. 772.
TALVJ (Mrs Robinson), German writer,
xx. 607.
TALWAR, weapon, xxn. 802.
TALYS, or Tallis, Thomas, English
musical composer, xxm. 33 ; XVII.
85.
TALYSH, khanate, Transcaucasia, Russia,
xiv. 446.
TAM, Rabbenu, rabbinic scholar, xxm.
39-
TAMAGAKI, temple at Nikko, Japan,
xvii. 503.
TAMAKAM, Indian building, Madura,
India, xv. 193.
TAMANDUA, edentate mammal, xv.
386.
TAMAQUA, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.,
xxm. 40.
TAMAR, river, Tasmania, xxm. 72.
TAMARA, island, Sierra Leone, xxn.
45-
TAMARACK, tree, xxm. 809.
TAMARIDA, town, Socotra, Indian Ocean,
xxii. 231.
TAMARIND, fruit, xxm. 40.
TAMARISK, shrub, xxm. 40.
MANNA, xv. 493.
TAMARIX, genus of shrubs, xxm. 40.
TAMATAVE, town, Madagascar, xv.
i75-
TAMATIA, bird, xx. 101.
TAMAULIPAS, state, Mexico, xvi. 214.
TAM BO (Apurimac), river, Venezuela,
II. 217.
, river, Victoria, Australia, xxiv.
216.
TAMBOFF, government, Russia, xxm.
40; town, xxm. 41.
TAMBOOKIELAND, district, South Africa,
xm. 817.
TAMBOUR, in fortification, IX. 424.
TAMBURLAINE THE GREAT, Marlowe's
drama, XV. 556.
TAMERLANE (Timur, q.v.), Mongol
conqueror, XXIII. 399.
TAMIANG, river, Sumatra, xxii. 638.
TAMIAS, genus of rodent mammals, xxn.
438.
TAMIL LANGUAGE, xxm. 42; diction
aries of, vii. 191.
TAMILS, people of India, xxm. 41.
TAMIM, Bani, Arab tribes, xvii. 773.
TAMINCONO, affluent of Niger, Africa,
xvii. 496.
TAMLUK, town, India, xvi. 284.
TAMMAM, Abu, or Abu-Temmam,
Arabian poet, I. 61; xvi. 539; II. 263;
XL 402.
TAMMANY SOCIETY, New York, xvii.
463-
TAMMY-NORIE, bird, xx. 101.
TAMPASSUK, river and waterfall, North
Borneo, xxi. 123.
TAM-SUl, town, Formosa, China, IX.
417.
TAM-TAM, Indian drum, vn. 479.
TAMUS, genus of plants, xxiv. 727.
TAMWORTH, town, England, xxm. 44.
TAM-ZI, of Babylonian deluge-legend,
vn. 55.
TANA, Lake, Abyssinia, xvii. 507.
, river, Norway, XVII. 576.
TANA-DOWANG (Saleiyer), island,
Indian Archipelago, xxi. 210.
TANAGER, bird, xxm. 45.
TANAGRA, genus of birds, xxm. 45.
, town, Boaotia, Greece, ill. 854;
terra-cotta remains at, xxm. 191.
TANAH MALAYU, or Malay Peninsula,
Asia, xv. 320.
TANAH SASAK (Lombok), island, Indian
Archipelago, XIV. 816.
TANAIS (Don), river, Russia, vn. 356.
TAN ALA, tribe, Madagascar, xv. 171,
174.
TAN AM PET, suburb of Madras, India,
xv. 189.
TANARO, river, Italy, xin. 435.
TANBUR, Arab lute, xv. 70.
TANCHELM, heretical monk of Zeeland,
xxiv. 323.
TANCRED, king of Sicily, xxm. 45;
xxii. 26.
, crusader, xxm. 45; vi. 624.
TANDA, town, India, xvm. 72.
TANDJONG PADAN, town, Billiton,
Indian Archipelago, ill. 677.
TANEY, Roger B., American judge and
financier, xxm. 690.
TANGAN, horse of Bhutan, India, in.
632.
TANGANYIKA, Lake, Central Africa,
xxm. 45; I. 256; XIV. 217, 221; dis
covery of, I. 247; X. 194; exploration
of, by Livingstone, XIV. 722; connexion
of, with the Congo, XXIV. 763; marked
on early Italian map, x. 183.
TANGBAC, town, Chilian Patagonia,
xvm. 352.
TANGENA, tree, Madagascar, xv. 170.
TANGENT, in trigonometry, xxm. 563.
, Drawing of, to a curve, xin. 6,
24.
TANGERANG, town, Java, xin. 606.
TANGERMUNDE, town, Prussia, Church
of St Stephen's at, xxm. 194.
TANGI, town, India, xvm. 684.
TANGIERS, or Tangier, town, Morocco,
xxm. 46; xvi. 830.
TANG-KANG, town, Formosa, China, ix.
417.
TANGLE, edible Algae, I. 508.
TANGUTS, people, Turkestan, xxm.
639-
TANGYE, Messrs, their steam-engine,
xxn. 512.
TANHAUSER, of German legend, xxm.
46.
TANHUMA, Midrash, xvi. 287.
TANIS (Zoan), town, Egypt, vn. 769.
TANISTRY, Irish land tenure, xin. 218;
xix. 736.
TANIST STONES, in Scotland, xxi. 51.
TANJORE, district, India, xxm. 46;
town, xxm. 47; temples at, II. 396;
library of rajah of, xiv. 533.
TANKARDS, silver plate, xix. 186.
TANNA, island, New Hebrides, xvii.
395-
DEBE ELIYYAHU, Midrash, xvi.
287.
TANNAH (Thana), district, India, xxm.
220; town, xxm. 221.
TANNAHILL, Robert, Scottish poet,
xxm. 47.
TANNAIM, Talmudic teachers, xxm. 36.
TANNFORSEN, waterfall, Sweden, xxn.
737-
TANNHAUSER, of German legend, xxm.
46.
TANNIN, tanning substances, xxm. 47;
xiv. 381.
TANNING, of leather, xiv. 381.
TANSY, herb, xn. 289.
TANTALAIS, Asia Minor, Tomb at, n.
401.
TANTALEM, island, Malay Peninsula,
xv. 321.
TANTALIC OCHRE, mineral, xvi. 389.
TANTALIS, town, Asia Minor, xv. 98.
TANTALITE, mineral, xvi. 427.
TANTALUM, chemical element, v. 541;
xvn. 513.
TANTALUS, of Greek mythology, xxm.
48; xvm. 480.
TANTI LANGUAGE, Indian, xvm. 183.
TANTRAS, Brahman histories, xxi. 283.
TANURIDES, family of acarids, n. 276.
TAN-YANG (Nanking), ancient town,
China, xvi I. 171.
TAOISM, or Taouism, Chinese religion,
v. 671; XIV. 295; xx. 363; in Tibet,
xxm. 344; literature of, v. 664.
TAONENSIS, Philippus, on birds, xvm.
3-
TAONISCUS, genus of birds, XXIII. 403.
TAORMINA, town, Sicily, xxm. 48;
xvn. 302.
TAOS, mountain, New Mexico, U.S.A.,
xvn. 399.
TAO SILALAHI, lake, Sumatra, xxn.
638.
TAO-TEH-KiNG, Chinese book, xiv.
295, 296.
TAOU-KWANC;, emperor of China, v.
651.
T A P — T A S
429
TAPACULO, bird, xxni. 49.
TAPAJOS, river, Brazil, xxi. 298.
TAPAMANU, island, Tahiti Archipelago,
XXIII. 22.
TAPANHUNA, issue of Negro and Indian,
xvn. 319.
TAPANULI, residency, Sumatra, xxn.
639-
TAPESTRY, ornamental textile, xxni.
21 1 ; ancient, xxni. 208; of Bayeux,
in. 458; of Kheims, XX. 507.
CARPETS, v. 130.
TAPE-WORMS, xxni. 49; their patho
logical effects, XXlil. 53; method of
treatment for removal, xxni. 53.
TAPHOZOUS, genus of bats, XV. 413.
TAPHRURA (Sfax), ancient town, Tunis,
xxi. 726.
TAPIOCA, article of food, xxm. 56.
TAPIOLITE, mineral, xvi. 427.
TAPIR, ungulate mammal, xxni. 56;
xv. 428; of South America, I. 682.
TAP o' NOTH, Aberdeenshire, Scotland,
Vitrified fort at, xxiv. 264.
TAPPAN, tree, Borneo, IV. 57.
BAY, Hudson river, U.S.A., xn.
331-
TAPROBANE, or Ceylon (q.v.\ v. 364.
TAPTI, river, India, iv. 21; Xiv. 56;
xxii. 667.
TAPU, or Taboo (q.v.), xxni. 15.
TAPUN, bird, xv. 827.
TAQI, Mir, Urdu poet, xi. 848.
TAR, XXlli. 57; mineral, II. 715; from
pine roots, xix. 104. See also Tar-
Water.
TARA, town, Eussia in Asia, xxii. 1 1 ;
xxm. 430.
, royal seat, Meath, Ireland, xv.
669; assembly of (554), xm. 250.
TARABULUS (Tripoli), town, Syria,
xxm. 576.
TARAFA, Arabic poet, xvi. 537.
TARAI, district, India, xxni. 59; xi.
824.
TARANGINI, Raja, metrical history of
kings of Kashmir, Xiv. 13.
TARANJIS, or Tarantchis, Turkish tribes,
Turkestan, xxm. 636, 661.
TARANTISM, dancing mania, xxni. 60.
TARANTO (Tarentum), town, Italy,
xxm. 61.
— , Duke of (Macdonald), marshal of
France, xv. 135.
TARANTULA, spider, xxm. 60.
TARAPACA COAST, Peru, Guano deposits
of, xvni. 675.
TARAPONS, race of people, Polynesia,
xix. 426.
TARARE, town, France, xxm. 60; xx.
529.
TARAS, ancient town, Italy, xxm. 61.
TARASCON, town, France, xxm. 60.
TARASP, spa, Austria, xvi. 435.
TARAXACUM, genus of plants, xxni. 61;
vi. 802.
TARBES, town, France, xxni. 61.
TARDIGRADIDES, family of acarids, n.
276.
TARENTAISE, valley, Savoie, France,
xxi. 332.
TARENTUM, ancient town, Italy, xxni.
61; xx. 136; coins of, xvn. 637;
terra-cotta remains at, xxm. 193.
TARES, or Vetches, forage crop, I. 376.
TARGET, in archery, n. 376.
TARGITAUS, Scythian patriarch, xxi.
576.
TARGUM, in Jewish literature, xxm.
62; in. 641; xm. 429; xvi. 286.
TARIFA, town, Spain, xxm. 65.
TARIFFS, Effects of, on commerce, vi.
203.
TARIJA, department, Bolivia, iv. 10.
TARIK, Moslem general, xvi. 572;
xxii. 309.
TARIM, river, Turkestan, xxni. 638.
TARLATAN, cotton fabric, xvn. 109;
manufacture of, at Tarare, XXIII. 60.
TARLETON, John, English jester, IX.
366.
TARMA, town, Peru, xvni. 675.
TARN, department, France, XXIII. 65.
TARNAK, river, Afghanistan, I. 229.
TARN - ET - GARONNE, department,
France, XXIII. 65.
TARNOPOL, town, Galicia, Austria,
xxm. 66.
TARO, food-plant in Polynesia, xix.
419.
TARPAULIN, waterproof material, xxni.
66.
TARQUINII, Etruscan town, Italy, vin.
634-
TARQUINIUS PRISCUS, Lucius, Roman
king, xxm. 66; xx. 733.
TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS, Lucius, Roman
king, xxm. 66; xx. 734.
TARQUINO, Pico de, mountain, Cuba,
vi. 679.
TARQUINS, kings of Rome, xx. 733.
TARRACO (Tarragona), Roman colony,
Spain, xxni. 67.
TARRACONENSIS, Hispania, Roman
province, Spain, xxii. 307.
TARRAGON, herb, xn. 289.
TARRAGONA, province, Spain, xxni.
66; town, xxni. 66; aqueduct near,
II. 221.
WINE, Spain, xxiv. 607.
TARRYTOWN, town, New York, U.S.A.,
xii. 331.
TARS (Tarsus), Cloth of, xxm. 210.
TARSHISH, Phoenician colony, xvni.
806.
TARSIA- WORK, or Marquetry, xm. 81.
TARSIER, lemur, xiv. 443.
TARSIPES, genus of marsupial mammals,
xv. 382.
TARSIUS, genus of lemurs, xiv. 443.
TARSUS, ancient town, Asia Minor,
xxni. 67; v. 777.
, or Ankle, Anatomy of, I. 830; of
mammals, xv. 360.
TARTAGLIA, or Tartalea, Niccol6, Italian
mathematician, xxni. 68; on algebra,
I. 513; on projectiles, XI. 297; his
controversy with Cardan, v. 90.
TARTAN, chequered cloth, xxni. 68;
costume, vi. 478.
TARTAR, Cream of, vi. 556.
EMETIC, drug, xxni. 69.
TARTARIAN LAMB, stock of a tree-fern,
xxni. 535.
TARTARIC ACID, xxin. 69; enantio-
inorphism of, xix. 314.
TARTARIDES, family of arachnids, n.
288.
TARTAR LANGUAGE, xxni. 661; xxiv.
i; dictionaries of, vii. 192.
TARTARS, or Tatars, Ural-Altaic people,
XXIIL 70; XVI. 746; II. 697; XIV. 95;
of the Crimea, VI. 586; xvi. 748; in
Russia, xxi. 79; Samoyede clans, xxi.
251; Friar John's travels among, v.
132.
TARTARUS, of Greek mythology, xxni.
TARTARY, xxni. 70; Rubruquis's travels
in, xxi. 46.
TARTESSUS (Tarshish), Phcenician
colony, xvni. 806.
TARTINI, Giuseppe, Italian violinist and
composer, xxni. 71; xvn. 93.
TARTINI'S BEATS, in music, xxiv.
421.
TARTUFFE, Moliere's play, xvi. 628.
TARUDANT, town, Morocco, xvi. 834.
TARVISIUM (Treviso), ancient town,
Italy, xxni. 554.
TAR- WATER, vn. 263 ; xvn. 516;
Berkeley on the medicinal virtues of,
ill. 590.
TASAR (or TUSSUR) WORM, silkworm,
xxn. 60; silk from, xn. 752.
TASGAON, town, India, xxi. 317.
TASHAUZ, town, Khiva, Asia, xiv. 64.
TASHFYN, or Tashufin, Yussef ibn,
Moorish general in Spain, I. 595; xix.
539; xxii. 316.
TASHILUNPO, monastery, Tibet, xxni.
340.
TASHKEND, town, Central Asia, xxni.
71; observatory at, xvn. 716.
TASHKURGAN, town, Turkestan, xxiv.
728.
TASILI, plateau, Sahara, Africa, xxi.
149.
TASK, The, Cowper's poem, vi. 534.
TASMAN, Abel Janszen, Dutch navigator,
xxni. 72; x. 1 86; his discoveries in
Australasia, in. 103; discoverer of
New Zealand, XVII. 471.
TASMANIA, island, Australasia, xxni.
72; Flinders's circumnavigation of, IX.
324; forests, IX. 407; mines, xvi. 471;
newspapers, xvn. 437.
TASMANIAN DEVIL, marsupial mammal,
xv. 380; xxni. 74.
TASMANIAN GUM-TREE, i. 88.
TASSEREMUT, town, Morocco, xvi. 832.
430
T A S — T C H
TASSIE, James, Scottisli gem-engraver,
xxni. 75.
— , William, gem-engraver, xxni. 75.
TASSO, Torquato, Italian poet, xxm.
75; xm. 510; as pastoral poet, xvm.
345; Fairfax's translation of, vin.
851.
ISLAND, Sierra Leone, West
Africa, XXII. 44.
TASSONI, Alessandro, Italian poet, XXIII.
79-
TASTE, Sense of, xxm. 79; in bees, in.
488; organs of, in man, I. 896; in
Crustacea, vi. 639; in fishes, xn. 653;
iu mammals, xv. 367.
, of minerals, XVI. 379.
TATARBAZARJIK, department, Roumelia,
XXI. 21.
TATAR (or TARTAR) LANGUAGE, xxm.
661; xxiv. i; dictionaries of, vn. 192.
TATARS, or Tartars (q.v.), Ural-Altaic
people, xxni. 70; xvi. 746.
TATE, Nahum, English hymn-writer,
xxm. 80; psalms and hymns by,
xii. 590.
, Thomas, his double-action air-
pump, I. 429.
TATIAN, Christian apologist, xxni. 80.
TATISCHEFF, Basil, Russian historian,
xxi. 106.
TATIUS, Achilles, Alexandrian romance-
writer, xx. 635.
, Titus, king of the Sabines, xx.
840.
TATLER, The, Steele's journal, xvm.
537; XXII. 528; Addison's connexion
with, I. 148.
TATOUAY, edentate mammal, xv. 387.
TATS, or Tajaks (q.v.), Iranian peoples,
Asia, xxni. 25.
TA-TSING, dynasty of China, v. 649,
653-
TATTA, salt lake, Asia Minor, II. 704.
TATTERSALL'S, horse mart, London, xiv.
829.
TATTI, Jacopo (Jacopo Sansovino),
Italian architect and sculptor, xxi.
295.
TATTOOING, xxn. 548; in totem clans,
xxm. 469.
TATUA, genus of wasps, xxiv. 392.
TATUSIA, genus of edentate mammals,
xv. 387.
TAUAMAT NIHA, mountain, Syria,
xiv. 393.
TAUDENI, oasis, Africa, xvn. 695.
TAULEBE, Lake of, Honduras, xn. 130.
TAULER, Joliann, German mystic, xxni.
82; x. 526; xvii. 133, 486.
TAUNTON, town, England, xxm. 82.
, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., xxm.
83-
TAUPO, Lake, New Zealand, xvii. 467.
TAURETHA, Gabriel, Syriac writer,
xxn. 843.
TAURIDA, government, Russia, xxm.
TAURINI, Liguriaii tribe, Italy, xiv.
639-
TAURISCI, ancient people, Europe, xvii.
538.
TAURISCUS of Tralles, Greek sculptor,
li. 187.
TAUROENTUM, ancient town, Yar,
France, xxiv. 69.
TAUROMENIUM (Taormina), ancient
town, Sicily, xxni. 48.
TAURUS, mountains, Asia Minor, xiv.
156; XV. 93; region of, II. 704.
TAUSIKS, or Tajaks (q.v.\ Iranian
peoples, Asia, xxm. 25.
TAUTOCHRONE (Cycloid), in mechanic?,
xv. 706.
TAUTOG, fish, xxiv. 686.
TAU TOTONAL, mountain, Caucasus, v.
253-
TAUUT, Egyptian divinity, vn. 718.
TAVASTEHUS, province, Finland, ix.
217.
TAVERNER, Richard, his edition of the
English Bible, vin. 386.
TAVERNIER, Jean Baptiste, French
Oriental traveller, XXlil. 83.
TAVGHI SAMOYEDES, race of people,
Russia, xxi. 251.
TAVIRA, town, Portugal, xxm. 84.
TAVISTOCK, town, England, xxm. 84.
TAVIUNI, one of the Fiji Islands, ix.
156.
TAVON, bird, xv. 827.
TAVOY, district, Burmah, xxm. 85.
TAVRIS (Tabriz), town, Persia, xxni. 18;
xvm. 626, 628.
TAWAF, religious rite, Mecca, xv. 673.
TAWE, river, Wales, XXII. 732.
TAWILAH (Kishm), island, Persian Gulf,
xiv. 102.
TAWING, of leather, Xiv. 389; in glove-
making, x. 692.
TAXACE^E, group of plants, xxiv. 744.
TAXACIS, Scythian sovereign, XXI. 576.
TAXATION, xxni. 85; history of, ix.
171; in relation to protection, IX. 755;
royal prerogative of, xix. 672; British,
vin. 242; in United States, xxni.
827; Ricardo on, xx. 534; xix. 374.
TAXIDERMY, xxni. 89.
TAXILA, ancient town, India, xx. no,
298; Bactrian inscription at, in.
222.
TAXODIUM, genus of trees, xxi. 673.
TAXONOMY, biological classification, in.
683; 11.49; its relation to morphology,
xvi. 838, 845; influence of Darwinian
doctrine on, xx I v. 810.
TAXUS, genus of trees, xxiv. 743.
TAY, river, Scotland, xxni. 91; xvm.
665 ; railway bridge across estuary of,
iv. 340.
, Loch, Scotland, XIV. 217, 221;
xvm. 666.
TAYGETUS, mountain, Greece, xiv. 193.
TAYLOR, Arthur, on ancient London,
xiv. 841.
TAYLOR, Bayard, American writer, xxni.
91.
, Brook, English mathematician,
xxni. 92; on magnetism, XV. 236;
his theorem or series, Xin. 18.
— , Sir Henry, English poet and
colonial statesman, xxni. 92.
, Isaac, English theological and
philosophical writer, xxni. 93.
— , Jeremy, English preacher and
theologian, xxni. 93; vin. 421;
hymns by, xn. 592.
, John, English poet, xxni. 95.
, John, president of the Mormons,
XVI. 827.
, Michael, his mathematical tables,
XXIII. II.
— , Sir Robert, British architect, n.
— , Samuel, English stenographer,
xxi. 837.
— , Sarah (Mrs Austin), English writer,
in. 102.
— , Thomas, his allegorizing of myths,
xvii. 137.
— , Tom, English dramatist and art
critic, xxni. 95.
— , Zachary, president of the United
States, XXin. 96, 767, 768.
BUILDING, Oxford, England,
xvm. 96.
TAYRA, carnivorous mammal, xv. 440.
TAYRONAS, Indian tribe, South America,
vi. 156.
TAYTAO PENINSULA, Patagonia, xvm.
352.
TAYUMANAVAN, Tamil philosopher,
xxni. 44.
TAZA, town, Morocco, XVI. 834.
TCHAD, Lake, Soudan, Africa, I. 255;
xxn. 278.
TCHADYR-DAGH, mountain, Crimea,
vi. 585-
TCHANY, Lake, Siberia, xxn. 5; xxni.
429> 439-
TCHARA MOUNTAINS, Siberia, xxni.
509.
TCHEBOKSARUI, town, Russia, xiv. 20.
TCHELABINSK, town, Russia, xvii. 826.
TCHELNY, town, Russia, XXin. 717.
TCHELYUSKIN, T., Russian Arctic ex
plorer, XIX. 318.
TCHEMBAR, town, Russia, XVin. 515.
TCHEMKENT, town, Syr-Daria, Asia,
XXII. 821.
TCHERDYN, town, Russia, xvm. 550.
TCHEREMISSES, Ural-Altaic people, ix.
219; xxi. 79.
TCHEREPOVETS FAIR, Russia, XVII.
607.
TCHERKASSK (Cherkassk), district of
Don Cossack country, Russia, vn.
356.
TCHERKASY, town, Russia, XXIII. 96.
TCHERKESSES, or Circassians, race of
people, v. 788; xiv. 150.
TCHERN, town, Russia, xxni. 605.
T 0 H — T E L
431
TCHERNAYA, river, Crimea, Russia, xxi.
616.
TCHERNIGOFF, government, Russia,
xxiii. 96; principality of, xxi. 89;
town, XXIII. 96.
TCHERNOMORSK, government, Russia,
xxiii. 97.
TCHETCHENIANS, or Tclietchens, Cau
casian tribe, V. 258; xiv. 475.
TCHIGIRIN, town, Russia, xiv. 69.
TCHIKISHLYAR, town, Transcaspian
Region, Russia, xxm. 513.
TCHINAZ, town, Syr-Daria, Central
Asia, XXII. 819, 821.
TCHIRA, town, Turkestan, xiv. 67.
TCHISTOPOL, town, Russia, xxm. 97;
Xiv. 20.
TCHITA, town, Transbaikalia, Siberia,
xxm. 97; xvn. 352.
TCHOLYM TARTARS, xxm. 70.
TCHORNAYA, river, Crimea, Russia,
xxi. 6 1 6.
TCHOTKAL MOUNTAINS, Russian Turk
estan, xxn. 819.
TCHOU MA, Chinese rliea fibre, XX. 506.
TCHU, river, Syr-Daria, Asia, xxn.
819.
TCHUDIS, people, Russia, xvn. 764.
TCHUGUEFF, town, Russia, xiv. 57.
TCHUKTCHIS, Siberian people, XII.
822; xix. 329; xxii. 9.
TCHULYM TARTARS, xxni. 70.
TCHUSOVAYA, river, Russia, xxiv. 279.
TEA, xxiii. 97; resemblance of the plant
to the camellia, IV. 738 ; adultera
tions of, I. 169, 170; cultivation of, in
Bengal, in. 568; its first importation
into England, v. 38; of Full- Keen,
China, v. 636; of Hoo-nan, China, v.
637; of Keang-se, China, v. 635; of
Kwang-tung, China, v. 639; of Po-urh
Foo, China, v. 641; of India, xn. 750;
of Assam, India, II. 720; on Hima
layas, xi. 833.
, Paraguay (Mate), XV. 627 ; IV.
227.
TEACHING. See Education and Schools.
TEA DRINKING, xxm. 101.
TEAK, tree, xxm. 103 ; n. 693; ix.
405; strength of the wood, xxii. 603.
TEAL, bird, xxni. 105; vn. 506.
— , Summer, bird, X. So.
TE ANAU, Lake, New Zealand, xvn.
467.
TEAPI (Rapanui), island, South Pacific,
xx. 273.
TEARS, Apparatus for the secretion
and conveyance of, I. 891; diseases of
lachrymal apparatus, xvn. 786.
OF THE MUSES, Spenser's poem,
xxii. 395.
TEA-SEED OIL, xvn. 744.
TEASER, bird, xxii. 125.
TEASLING, in woollen manufacture,
xxiv. 661.
TEA TAX (1773), Agitation against, at
Boston, U.S.A., xxm. 739.
TEATE, town, Italy, v. 615.
TEATS, Number of, in different animals,
xvi. 301.
TEAZING, of wool, xxiv. 657.
TEBBUTT'S OBSERVATORY, Windsor,
New South Wales, xvn. 716.
TEBESSA, plateau, Tunis, xxm. 620.
TEBRUK, harbour, Tripoli, North Africa,
xxm. 575.
TECH, river, France, xx. 128.
TECHNICAL EDUCATION, xxni. 105.
TECTIBRANCHIATA, section of Mollusca,
xvi. 655.
TECTOLOGY, branch of morphology,
xvi. 842.
TECTONA, genus of trees, xxm. 103.
TECTOS AGES, tribe of people, Asia Minor,
x. 1 8.
TECUMSEH, American-Indian chief,
xxm. 759.
TEDA, tribe, North Central Africa,
xxni. 334.
TEDDINGTON, town, England, xxm.
220.
TE DEUM, ancient hymn, xn. 581;
Handel's settings of, xi. 435; xx. 113;
Purcell's, xx. 113.
TEEN WANG, emperor of China, v.
652.
TEES, river, England, xxiv. 746; im
provement works on, XX. 579.
TEESWATER, breed of cattle, i. 387.
— SHEEP, i. 392.
TEETH, xxn. 107 ; human, vn. 232;
structure and diseases of, VII. 96, 97;
artificial, vii. 99; xni. 523; of apes,
11.164; of fishes, XII. 654; of the horse,
xn. 178; of mammals, XV. 349 (and
article Mammalia throughout); of
mastodon, xv. 622; of snakes, XXII.
190; of vole, xxiv. 277; of walrus,
xxiv. 337.
— , of wheels, in mechanics, xv. 758,
767; of clock wheels, VI. 32.
TEETHING, in children, vn. 97.
TEETOTAL SOCIETIES, xxni. 159.
TEFF, herbaceous plant in Abyssinia, I.
63-
TEFILLIN, Jewish prayer -thongs, xix. i.
TEGEA, ancient town, Greece, xxni.
109; xv. 503.
TEGGIANO, or Diano, town, Italy, vn.
167.
TEGNER, Esaias, Swedish writer, xxni.
no; xxn. 757.
TEGUCIGALPA, department, Honduras,
xn. 132.
TEGUMENTARY STRUCTURES, of Mam
malia, xv. 347.
TEH AMAH, district, Arabia, n. 237, 253.
TEHERAN, town, Persia, xxm. 1 1 1 ;
xvni. 626, 628.
TEHOO, ancient town, Yucatan, xvi. 36.
TEHRAN (Teheran), town, Persia, xxni.
in; XVlll. 626, 628.
TEHRI (Orchha), native state, India,
xvn. 816.
TEHUANTEPEC, isthmus and town,
Mexico, xxni. in.
TEIA, or Teias, Gothic king, xin. 467;
xvn. 233.
TEIGNMOUTH, town, England, xxni.
112.
TEIKOVO, town, Russia, xxi. 849.
TEINDS, in Scots law, xxni. 413.
TEIR, islet, Red Sea, xx. 316.
TEISPES, Persian king, xvni. 565.
TEITH, river, Scotland, xvni. 666.
TEJEN, oasis, Transcaspian Region,
Russia, xxni. 512.
TEJEND, or Tejen, river, Merv, xvi. 43.
TEJO, or Tagus, river, Portugal, XXIII.
21.
TEJUCO (Diamantina), town, Brazil, vn.
162.
TEKIR (Cnidus), town, Asia Minor, vi.
44.
TEKKES, Turcoman tribes, xvi. 42;
xxni. 661.
TEKTAMISH, division of Turkomans,
xvi. 43.
TELAV, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
xxni. 514.
TELCHINES, mythical people, Rhodes,
xx. 526.
TELECLES, Greek sculptor, n. 347.
TELEDU, carnivorous mammal, xv. 440.
TELEGONUS, in Greek legend, xxm.
671.
TELEGRAPH, xxni. 112; invention of,
i. 746; Edgeworth's invention, vn.
656; Wheatstone's inventions, XXIV.
538; influence of, on commerce, vi.
206 ; in Europe, vni. 709 ; laying
ocean cables, xxn. 281; Anglo-Indian,
through Persia, xvni. 652 ; postal,
Xix. 574; use of, in war, XXIV. 347;
Chappe's simple French, v. 397.
PLANT, its spontaneous movements,
xix. 61.
TELEGRAPHY, Morse's system of, xvi.
847; heliographic, XI. 632.
TELEMACHUS, son of Odysseus, xvn.
729.
TELEMAQUE, Fenelon's book, ix. 73.
TELEMETER, or Rangefinder, xxni.
126.
TELEOLOGY, in theology, xxni. 248; as
science of organic adaptations, vni.
753; xxiv. 802, 817; Kant's, XIII.
854.
TELEOSTEI, subclass of fishes, xn. 688.
TELEPHONE, xxni. 127; post-office,
xix. 576.
TELEPHUS, founder of Pergamum, xvni.
527.
TELESCOPE, xxiii. 135; xiv. 594; xvn.
806; Galileo's invention of, II. 753; x.
31; micrometer for, xvi. 242; use of,
for surveying, xxn. 718; zenith, x.
167; Sir Win. Herschel's, XI. 766, 767;
Rosse's, xx. 855.
TELESINUS, C. Pontius, Samnite leader,
xxi. 249.
432
T E L — T E N
TELESIO, Bernardino, on evolution, vin.
7S8.
TELESPHORUS, bishop of Rome, xxm.
154.
TELESTEREOSCOPE, landscape stereo
scope, xxii. 541.
TELFORD, Thomas, Scottish civil
engineer, xxm. 154; his designs for
aqueducts, II. 229; on roadmaking,
xx. 582.
TELL, district, North Africa, I. 563;
xvn. 628.
, Wilhelm, Schiller's drama, xxi.
398.
, William, Swiss hero, XXIII. 155.
, William, Rossini's opera, xx. 86 1.
TELLER, or Tallier, account keeper,
xxm. 29.
, Romanus, German Biblical scholar, j
xxm. 156.
, Wilhelm Abraham, German ra
tionalist, xxm. 156; XX. 290.
TELLEZ, Gabriel (Tirso de Molina),
Spanish dramatist, xxm. 157; vn.
421; xxii. 358.
TELLICHERRI, town, India, xxm. 157.
TELLIER, Frangois Michel le, marquis
de Louvois, xv. 26; 11. 600; ix. 576.
TELLPOSS, mountain, Russia, xiv. 282.
TELLURIC ACID, v. 506.
TELLURIC BISMUTH, mineral, xvi.
380.
TELLURITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
TELLURIUM, chemical element, xxi.
632; v. 498; xvi. 380, 393.
— . ALCOHOLS AND ETHERS, v. 553.
TELMESSUS, town, Asia Minor, xv. 93.
TELOK BETONG, town, Sumatra, xxii.
639-
TELPHERAGE, mode of electric traction,
xxm. 496.
TELUGU LANGUAGE, xn. 778; xvni.
779; XXin. 41; dictionaries of, vn.
191.
TELUK. ANSON, town, Perak, Straits
Settlements, xxn. 587.
TEMA, Egyptian weight, xxiv. 486
TEMBI, affluent of Niger, Africa, xvn.
496.
TEME, river, Wales, xx. 217.
TEMERAIRE, The Fighting, Turner's
picture, xxi. 441; xxm. 667.
TEMESVAR, town, Hungary, xxm.
157-
TEMIMI, Ismael b. Muhammed, Druse
teacher, vn. 484.
TEMIRSK, town, Russia, xxiv. 6.
TEMISCAMINGUE, Lake, Canada, xx.
165.
TEMMINCK, Konrad Jacob, Dutch
ornithologist, XXIII. 157; on birds,
xvin. ii, 14.
TEMNIKOFF, town, Russia, xxm. 41.
TEMNUS, Mount, Mysia, Asia Minor,
XVII. 122.
TEMPE, Vale of, Greece, xxm. 298.
TEMPEL'S COMET, vi. 192, 193.
TEMPERA, method of painting, xxm.
157; xvn. 42.
TEMPERAMENT, in music, xvn. 91.
TEMPERANCE, one of the cardinal vir
tues, in Plato's philosophy, vm. 580;
in Socratic teaching, XXII. 237 ; II.
677.
LEGISLATION, xiv. 688; in con
nexion with Sunday observance, xxii.
656.
SOCIETIES, xxm. 158.
TEMPERATURE, XL 555; bodily sen
sations of, xxm. 482; of the human
body, xvin. 393; life conditioned by,
ill. 680; perception of, by bees, III. 487;
its influence on movement of plants,
xix. 62; absolute, xxn. 480; xxm.
285; of blast furnaces, Xill. 314; its
effect on elasticity, vn. 813; of flames,
ix. 283; as affected by height above
sea-level, vi. 2; effect on iron, xm.
2 79, 355; changes in length of struc
tures caused by, IV. 289; relations of,
to magnetization, xv. 271; measure
ment of, xx. 129; effect on pendulums,
VI. 16; effect on sound, I. 103; its
relation to surface-tension, v. 71;
effect on vapour, vin. 727; effect on
weighing and measuring, xxiv. 478;
atmospheric, XVI. 115; of lakes, xiv.
218; of Baltic Sea, ill. 295; in Hima
layas, XL 829; of Mediterranean Sea,
xv. 822; of Pacific Ocean, xvin. 118;
in Polar Regions, xix. 327; fluctua
tions of, in United States, XXIII. 804.
TEMPERING, of steel, n. 64; xm. 352.
TEMPEST, The, Shakespeare's play, xxi.
765.
TEMPIO, town, Sardinia, xxi. 309.
TEMPLARS, Knights, military order,
xxm. 160; xvi. 709; their conflicts
with Knights Hospitallers, XXI. 174;
suppression of, v. 821; vi. 631; sup
pression in England, vin. 317; sup
pression in France, ix. 544.
TEMPLE, TEMPLES, places of worship,
xxm. 165; of Herod, at Jerusalem, n.
393; XXIII. 1 68; of Solomon, at Jeru
salem, II. 392; XXIII. 166; of Zerub-
babel at Jerusalem, xxm. 167; of
Baalbec, in. 177; of Babylonia, in.
189; of Egypt, n. 388; vn. 776; of
Greece, II. 403, 409; of India, n. 394;
of Rome, 11. 415, 418; xx. 816, 827;
of Peace, at Rome, in. 414; examples
of, at Selinus, XXI. 633.
— , Inner and Middle, legal societies,
London, Xin. 87.
-, Earl, his alleged identity with
Junius, xin. 777.
— , Henry John, Viscoiint Palmerston
(q.v.\ xvin. 193.
— , Sir William, English diplomatist
and writer, xxm. 171; xix. 357; his
relations with Swift, xxn. 762.
— BAR, London, xiv. 845.
HILL, Jerusalem, xin. 639.
TEMPLETON, James, his invention for
carpet-weaving, v. 131.
TEMPORAL POWER, of the popedom, it?
abolition, xix. 508.
TEMUCHIN, Mongol chief, xm. 620.
TENACITY, in minerals, xvi. 378; of
iron and steel, xin. 353.
TENAILLE, in fortification, ix. 434,
437-
TENAMPUA, Ruins of, Honduras, xn.
131-
TENANCY, in law, xiv. 273.
TENANT, his legal relations to his
landlord, xiv. 272, 268; of land, in
England, xiv. 264; rent payable by,
XX. 402 ; homage rendered by, in
feudal times, xiv. 114.
TEN ANT- AT- WILL, i. 407, 411.
TENANT-RIGHT, i. 407; of copyholder,
VI. 356; in Ireland, xiv. 277.
TENASSERIM, division, Burmah, xxm.
172; birds of, in. 761.
TENBURY, town, England, xxiv. 666.
TENBY, town, Wales, xxm. 172; xvin.
482.
TENCH, fish, xxm. 173; angling for,
ii. 43.
TENCHEBRAI, France, Battle of (1106),
XL 656; xvn. 544.
TEN COMMANDMENTS, The, vn. 15;
xin. 399.
TENDER, Legal, of payment, xvin.
441.
TENDON, in anatomy, I. 834; granu
lations of, xvni. 364.
TENDRE, Mont, Switzerland, xin. 781.
TENDRILS, Twining of, xix. 60.
TENERIFFE, one of the Canary Islands,
I. 272; iv. 798; wine of, xxiv. 607.
TENIERS, David, Flemish painter, xxm.
173; xvin. 58.
TENIMBER (Timor Laut), island, Indian
Archipelago, xxm. 398; xvi. 697.
TENISON, Thomas, archbishop of Can
terbury, xxm. 175.
TENKASI, town, India, xxm. 405.
TENNANT, Smithson, English chemist,
xvi. 63.
, William, Scottish poet, xxm.
175-
TENNANTITE, mineral, xvi. 395.
TENNANT'S SYSTEM, of fallowing, i.
338.
TENNENT, Sir James Emerson, English
politician and traveller, xxin. 176.
TENNESSEE, river, U.S.A., xxin. 177.
, State, U.S.A., xxin. 176; opium
cultivation in, xvn. 792.
PASS, Rocky Mountains, U.S.A.,
xxin. 796.
TENNIEL, John, English caricaturist,
v. 105.
TENNIS, game, xxin. 179.
— , Lawn, game, xxin. 181.
TENOCHTITLAN (Mexico), ancient town,
Mexico, xvi. 209.
TENORITE, mineral, xvi. 385.
T E N — T E T
433
TENDS, island, JEgean Sea, Pilgrimages
to, xix. 95.
TEN-PlNS, American game, IV. 180.
TENREC, or Ground Hog, of Mada
gascar, xi. 610; XV. 404.
TEN SEPHIROTH, of Kabbalah, xm. Si i.
TENSIFT, river, Morocco, xvi. 832.
TENSION, in electricity, VIII. 60.
, in mechanics, XV. 739; effect of, on
magnetization, XV. 269; fracture by,
XXII. 60 1.
, Stoic doctrine of, XXII. 563.
, Surface, of liquids, v. 56.
TENT, xxm. 183.
, wine (tinto), XXIV. 607.
TENTE D' ABRI, of French army, xxm.
183-
TENTERDEN, town, England, xiv. 39.
TEN THOUSAND, Retreat of the, xvm.
577; xxiv. 720.
TEN THOUSAND A YEAR, Warren's
novel, xxiv. 373.
TENTYRA (Denderah), ancient town,
Egypt, vn. 77.
TENURE, of land, i. 406; xiv. 259; xx.
307; in Ireland, xm. 218; burgage,
IV. 532; feudal, xiv. 114; servile, I.
414; Littleton on the law of, xiv. 704.
TEN YEARS' CONFLICT, The, in Scottish
Church, ix. 743.
TEOCALLIS, ancient temples, Mexico, I.
695; n. 450.
TEOS, Coins of, XVII. 647.
TEPANECS, people, ancient Mexico, XVI.
209.
TEPHROITE, mineral, xvi. 410.
TEPLITZ, town and spa, Bohemia, xxm.
183; xvi. 433.
TEPLOS-IZ, mountain, Russia, xxiv. 4.
TEPPUKULAM, tank, Madura, India, xv.
193-
TERAGAI, father of Timur, xxm. 399.
TERAMO, town, Italy, xxm. 184.
TERAPHIM, of Scripture, xxm. 184.
TERATOLOGY, Animal, branch of mor
phology, xvi. 762.
TERBIUM, earth metal, xiv. 292; spec
trum of, xxn. 376.
TERBURG, Gerard, Dutch painter, xxm.
184.
TERCEIRA, island, Azores, in. 171;
battle off (1582), v. 351.
, Duke of, Portuguese statesman,
Xix. 553.
TEREBINTH, tree, xxm. 669.
TEREBRANTIA, group of insects, xm.
148.
TEREBRATULID^:, family of Brachio-
poda, iv. 194; xix. 440.
TEREDO, genus of Mollusca, xxm. 184;
xvi. 685.
TEREK, government, Russia, xxm. 186.
— , river, Caucasus, v. 254; XXI. 74;
xxm. 186.
TERELLA, spherical magnet, xv. 222.
TERENCE, Roman dramatist, xxm. 186;
VII. 411; his obligations to Menander,
XVI. 2; his place in Roman literature,
xx. 718.
TERENTIUS MAXIMUS, Parthian pre
tender, xvm. 603.
TEREPHTHALIC ACID, xvm. 855.
TERES, Thracian king, xxm. 318.
TERESA, or Theresa (q.v.), Spanish saint,
xxm. 281.
TERGESTE (Trieste), ancient town, Illy-
ricum, XXI II. 560.
TER GOES, town, Holland, x. 720.
TER GOUWE (Gouda), town, Holland,
XI. I.
TERLIZZI, town, Italy, xxm. 188.
TERM, in law, xxm. 188.
TERMES, I. 260. See Termites.
TERMESSUS, town, Asia Minor, xix. 130.
TERMEZ, town, Central Asia, xn. 3.
TERMIL^, tribe, Asia Minor, xv. 92.
TERMINABLE ANNUITIES, public loans,
xvii. 244.
TERMINER, Oyer and, in English law,
xvm. 106.
TERMINI, town, Sicily, xxm. 188.
— , of railways, xx. 234.
TERMINILLO, Monte, mountain, Italy,
xm. 438.
TERMITES, or White Ants, I. 260; n. 99;
xm. 146, 152.
TERMITID^E, group of insects, xm. 152.
TERMONDE (Dendermonde), town, Bel
gium, vii. 78.
TERN, bird, xxm. 189.
TERNATE, island and town, Indian
Archipelago, xxm. 189.
-, residency, Dutch East Indies, V.
289; xxm.
TERNEPLATE, coated iron-plate, xm.
357-
TERNI, town, Italy, xxm. 190.
TERNSTROMIACI/E, order of plants,
xxm. 97.
TERPANDER, Lesbian poet and musician,
xxm. 190; on Greek music, xvii. 78.
TERPENES, series of hydrocarbons, v.
559; xvii. 748.
TERPSICHORE, Muse of the dance,
xvii. 74.
TERRACINA, town, Italy, xxm. 190.
TERRA-COTTA, decorative clay-work,
xxm. 190; Assyrian, n. 399; Etruscan,
vm. 641, 643; Japanese, xm. 590.
TERRA • DI BARI, province and town,
Italy, m. 374.
TERRA DI LAVORO, plain, Italy, xm.
439-
TERRA JAPONICA, or Black Catechu, v.
220.
TERRANOVA, town, Sicily, xxm. 195.
TERRAPIN, reptile, xxm. 455, 458.
TERRA SIGILLATA, medicinal earth, xiv.
436.
TERRE HAUTE, town, Indiana, U.S.A.,
xxm. 195.
TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM, xvi. 159.
TERRIBLE, Mont, Switzerland, xm. 782.
TERRICOL/E, earthworms, xxiv. 677.
TERRIER, dog, vii. 331.
TERROR, Reign of, in France, IX. 606;
xx. 603.
TERSATICA (Fiume), ancient town,
Liburnia, IX. 273.
TERSTEEGEN, Gerhard, German religious
writer, xxm. 195; as hymn-writer,
V TT r QQ
XII. 500-
TERTIARIES, order of monks and nuns,
ix. 700.
TERTIARY PERIOD, in geology, x. 360;
distribution of animals in, vii. 275.
TERTULLIAN (Quintus Septimius
Florens Tertullianus), early church
writer, XXIII. 196; XVI. 776; on the
canon, v. 8; creed of, vi. 559.
TERUDANT, town, Morocco, xvi. 834.
TERUEL, province and town, Spain,
xxm. 198.
TESCHEN, town, Austria, xxm. 198;
peace of (1779), ix. 594.
TESHUFIN, or Tashufin, Yusuf ibn,
Moorish leader in Spain, I. 595; Xix.
539; xxn. 316.
TESHU-LUMBO, monastery, Tibet,
xxm. 340.
TESSERACONTERES, ancient Greek ship,
xxi. 806, 807.
TESSIN (Ticino, q.v.\ canton, Switzer
land, xxm. 351.
, Karl Gustaf, Swedish philosopher,
xxn. 755.
TESTACCIO, Monte, Rome, xx. 831;
games at, v. 121.
TEST ACTS, English, xxm. 199; vm.
349, 352.
TESTAMENT, in law, xxiv. 570; in
Roman law, XX. 674, 691, 706, 713.
— , Old and New, Canon of the, v. i,
7. See also Bible.
TESTATOR, in law, xxiv. 571.
TESTIMONY, Probability of, xix. 777.
OF THE ROCKS, Hugh Miller's
work, xvi. 320.
TESTING MACHINES, for determining
strength of materials, xxn. 596.
TESTRY, France, Battle of (687), ix.
53i-
TESTUDINID^, family of chelonian
reptiles, xxm. 457.
TESTUDO, genus of chelonian reptiles,
xxm. 452, 456, 457.
TET, river, France, XX. 128.
TETANUS, disease, xxm. 199; xvm.
391; production of, XIX. 25.
TETE, district, East Africa, xvii. 7;
town, xxiv. 765.
TETE-DE-PONT, in fortification, ix.
435-
TETHYS, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 657.
TETIAROA, island, Tahiti Archipelago,
xxm. 22.
TETNULD, mountain, Caucasus, v. 253.
TETOUAN, or Tetuan, town, Morocco,
xvi. 830; xxm. 200.
TETRABRANCHIATA, order of Mollusca,
xvi. 668.
XXV. - 55
434
T E T — T H E
TETRACHORDS, in Greek music, xvn. 78.
TETRACTINELLIDA, tribe of sponges,
xxii. 421.
TETRADYMITE, mineral, in. 790; xvi.
380.
TETRAGRAMMATON, of the Kabbalah,
• xni. 812.
TETRAHEDRITE, mineral, vi. 347; xvi.
395-
TETRAHEDRON, in geometry, x. 388.
TETRALOGY, in Greek drama, vn. 406;
in Greek rhetoric, XX. 509.
TETRAMERA, group of insects, vi. 133;
xni. 149.
TETRANE, hydrocarbon, v. 558.
TETRANYCH I, family of acarids, xvi. 528.
TETRAOGALLUS, genus of birds, xvm.
333-
TETRAPHYLLID^E, family of tape-worms,
xxm. 54.
TETRAPLA, Origen's work, xvn. 840.
TETRAPTURUS, genus of fishes, xxii.
804.
TETRARCH, ancient ruler's title, xxm.
200.
TETRARHYNCHID^, family of tape
worms, xxm. 54.
TETRASTEMMA, genus of nemertine
worms, xvil. 326.
TETRODON, genus of fishes, x. 685.
TETUAN, town, Morocco, xxm. 200;
xvi. 830.
— , Duke of (Leopold O'Donnell),
Spanish statesman, xvn. 727; xxii.
346.
TETUARA (Tetiaroa), island, South
Pacific, xxm. 22.
TETZEL, John, German Dominican
monk, xv. 72; xx. 326.
TEUCER, of Greek legend, xxm. 582.
TEUCHIT, bird, xiv. 308.
TEUKCHAM, town, Formosa, China, ix.
417-
TEUTA, Illyrian queen, xn. 709.
TEUTONES, German tribe, xxm. 201;
v. 780; x. 474.
TEUTONIC, The name, x. 847.
— ALPHABET, i. 612.
- LANGUAGES, x. 514, 852; vm. 390;
ix. 787; xn. 84; xvm. 785; xxi.
366; dictionaries of, vn. 186.
- LAWS, xxi. 212.
ORDER, of Knights, xxm. 201 ;
XVI. 709; XX. 6; their conflicts with
Poland, xix. 288, 289, 290; at Riga,
xx. 554; in Russia, xxi. 92.
TEVERONE, river, Italy, n. 57.
TEVIOT, river, Scotland, xxi. 33; xxm.
673-
TEWKESBURY, town, England, xxm.
201.
TEXAS, State, U.S.A., xxm. 202.
TEXTILES, woven fabrics, xxm. 206;
Venetian, xxiv. 156; adulterations of,
I. 176; fibres for, IX. 131.
TEXTULARIDEA, order of Protozoa, xix.
847.
TEXTURES, or Tissues, xn. 4; in man,
I. 842; vegetable, XII. 10.
TEYDE, Pico de, mountain, Canary
Islands, IV. 798.
TEZA, town, Morocco, xvi. 834.
TEZCATLIPOCA, Mexican deity, xvi.
211.
TEZCUCO, ancient town, Mexico, xvi.
209, 210.
THACKERAY, William Makepeace,
English novelist and critic, xxm.
214; as satirist, xxi. 320.
THADDEUS OF WARSAW, Miss Porter's
work, xix. 527.
THAIS, Menander's comedy, XVI. 2.
THALASSICOLLA, genus of Protozoa,
xix. 849.
THALBERG, Sigismond, Italian pianist
and composer, xxm. 217.
THALEICHTHYS, genus of fishes, xxi.
221, 224.
THALEN, his experiments in magnetism,
xv. 254; his spectroscopic observa
tions, xxii. 377.
THALES of Miletus, Greek astronomer
and philosopher, xxm. 217 ; on
astronomy, II. 746; his discovery of
electric properties in amber, I. 659.
THALIA, Muse of comedy, xvn. 74.
THALIACEA, order of Tunicata, xxm.
609, 615.
THALLIUM, chemical element, xxm.
219; v. 530.
THALLOPHYTA, division of the vegetable
kingdom, III. 692; XX. 430; XXIV.
125.
THALLUS, vegetative system of
lichens, xiv. 552.
THAM, Rabbenu, Rabbinic scholar,
xxm. 39.
THAMAR, queen of Georgia, x. 432.
THAME, river, England, xvm. 93;
xxm. 220.
THAMES, river, England, xxm. 220;
vm. 216; xvi. 279; at Oxford, xvm.
93; whitebait fishery of, xxiv. 550;
rowing on, xxi. 30.
- TUNNEL, London, xxm. 623; con
struction of, iv. 397, 398.
THAMMUZ, of Scripture, i. 163.
THAMUDIC INSCRIPTIONS, xxi. 651.
THANA, district, India, xxm. 220 ;
town, xxm. 221.
THANES, early English nobility, vm.
274; xiv. no; xvn. 529; xvm. 302.
THANET, Isle of, England, xiv. 37.
-• SANDSTONE, rock, x. 361.
THAPSACUS (Tiphsah), Mesopotamia,
Crossing of Euphrates at, XVI. 49.
THARANDITE, mineral, xvi. 397.
THAR AND PARKAR, district, India,
xxm. 221.
THARRAWADDY, district, Burmah, xxm.
221.
THARSIS, Spain, Mines of, xn. 334.
THARUS, Hindu race, India, xvm. 73.
THASOS, island, Greece, xxm. 221.
THATCHING, for buildings, iv. 501.
THAUMACI, town, Thessaly, Greece,
xxm. 299.
THAUMATROPE, Plateau's invention,
xix. 189.
THAUMATURGUS, St Gregory, XL 181;
vi. 559; xvm. 486.
THAUN, Philippe de, early French
writer, IX. 643; on birds, xvm. 3.
THAYETMYO, district, Burmah, xxm.
222.
THEA, genus of shrubs, xxm. 97.
THE^TETUS, dialogue of Plato, xix.
207.
THEAGENES, tyrant of Megara, xv.
828.
THEATINES, monastic order, xvi. 711;
xxm. 547.
THEATRE, THEATRES, xxm. 222; of
Aspendus, Asia Minor, n. 715;
Chinese, v. 666; Dionysiac, at Athens,
ill. 3; English, vii. 428; English, in
time of Elizabeth, vm. 419; English,
under the Puritans, vn. 433; English,
modern, vii. 439; of London, in time
of Shakespeare, xxi. 760; Greek,
structure of, II. 413; of New York,
XVII. 461 ; of Paris, XVIII. 277 ;
Roman, vii. 411; XX. 830; Roman,
architecture of, II. 419; remains of
that at Tauromenium, xxm. 48.
THEATRE-FIRES, fireworks, xx. 135.
THEATRE FRANCAIS, at Paris, vn. 427.
THEBAIDE, La, Racine's drama, xx.
205.
THEBAIS, Statins' s poem, xxii. 466.
THEBAN LEGION, Legend of the, xv.
637.
THEBES, town, Egypt, vii. 776; mum
mies of, xvn. 21 ; pyramids of, xx.
124; sphinx at, II. 387; tomb of
Menptah at, xxm. 622.
— , town, Greece, xxm. 229; XL 103;
capture of, by Alexander, I. 48 1 ; under
Epaminondas, vm. 456; under Pelo-
pidas, xvm. 479; its contests with
the Platamns, xix. 177; sphinx of,
xxii. 398; expedition of the Seven
against, I. 164.
-, Romance of, xx. 639.
THECEURYBIA, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
6,66.
THECID^ED^E, family of Brachiopoda,
iv. 195.
THECIUM, in reproductive system of
lichens, xiv. 554.
THECLA, St, xxm. 231.
THECOSOMATA, order of Mollusca, xvi.
666.
THEFT, in law, xxm. 231.
THEFTBOTE, in law, xxm. 233.
THEGNS, early English nobility, vm.
274; xiv. no; xvn. 529; xvm. 302;
xxi. 36.
, The Twelve, Anglo-Saxon jury,
xm. 784.
THEISM, xxm. 234.
T H E — T H E
435
THEISS, river, Hungary, in. 116; XII.
362.
THELYPHONIDEA, order of arachnids, II.
286.
THEMIS, in Greek mythology, XXIII.
250.
THEMISTIUS, Byzantine rhetorician,
xxili. 250; as Neoplatonist philo
sopher, xvii. 337.
THEMISTOCLES, Greek general, xxili.
250; XL 99; in exile in Persia, xvni.
574-
TH ENARD, Louis Jacques, French
chemist, xxin. 251; his experiments
with Gay-Lussac, x. 123.
THENARDITE, mineral, xvi. 400; xxn.
240.
THEOBALD, count of Champagne and
king of Navarre, xvii. 250; as crusader,
xxin. 161.
, Lewis, English playwright, xxin.
252.
THEOBROMINE, in chemistry, vi. 102.
THEOCRACY, The, in Israel, xin. 398.
THEOCRITUS, Greekpastoral poet, xxm.
252.
THEODELINDA, queen of the Lombards,
xiv. 815; relics of, at Monza, Italy,
xvi. 798.
THEODICEE, Essais de, Leibnitz's work,
xiv. 420.
THEODOLITE, its use in geodesy, vii.
598, 599; X. 165; in surveying, xxn.
698, 719.
THEODORA, wife of the emperor Jus
tinian, xxin. 253, 798.
, senatrix of Rome, XX. 787.
THEODORE I.-II., popes, xxm. 255.
, king of Abyssinia, I. 66.
I. (Baron von Neuhof), king of
Corsica, xvii. 362.
— , archbishop of Canterbury, vill.
370.
, bishop of Merv, Syriac writer,
xxii. 837.
of Mopsuestia, early Christian
writer, xxin. 254.
BAR WAHBON, Syriac scholar,
xxn. 852.
THEODORET, bishop of Cyprus, xxm.
255; xxn. 238.
THEODORIC, king of the East Goths,
xxin. 256; x. 850; XIIL 467; xx.
782; at Ravenna, xx. 297.
- II., chief of the West Goths, in
Spain, XXII. 308.
, Frankish king, x. 476.
THEODORUS, Roman pretender, xxiv.
35-
, Greek gem-engraver, x. 138.
of Samos, Greek sculptor, n. 347.
- PRODROMUS, Byzantine writer, XL
145, 148.
THEODOSIA, town, Crimea, Russia,
xxm. 257; vi. 586.
THEODOSIAN CODE, in Roman law, iv.
262; vi. 105; xx. 711.
THEODOSIO, prince of Brazil, xix. 548.
THEODOSIOPOLIS (Rhesa3na), town,
Mesopotamia, xvi. 48.
THEODOSIUS I., Roman emperor, xxin.
257; xx. 779; his contentions with
Ambrose, I. 663.
II., emperor of the East, XXIII.
259.
III., emperor of the East, xxm.
259.
, Roman general, in Scotland, iv.
663.
, bishop of Edessa, Syriac writer,
XXII. 846.
of Tripolis, Greek geometer and
astronomer, xxin. 259.
THEODOTUS, Valentinian theologian,
xxiv. 38.
of Byzantium, teacher of Mon-
archian heresy in Rome, xvi. 719;
xni. 671.
THEOGNIDEA, Greek poems, xxin.
260.
THEOGNIS of Megara, Greek poet, xxin.
260; xv. 828.
THEOGONY, Hesiod's poem, XL 777.
THEOLOGICAL ETHICS, department of
theology, XXIII. 275; Rothe's work,
xxi. 2; xxin. 270.
THEOLOGY, xxm. 260; apologetic, n.
189; dogmatic, vii. 332; Liguorian,
Xiv. 636; of the Middle Ages, XX. 383;
of Origen, xvii. 841; Pauline, xvm.
423; scholastic, XXI. 417; Valentinian,
xxiv. 38; application of logic to, xxi.
421; as influenced by Neoplatonism,
xvii. 338; Calvin's system of, IV. 720;
Schleiermacher's, XXI. 411, 413.
THEOPHANIA, or Theophano, wife of
the emperor Otho II., xm. 711; xvni.
66.
THEOPHANO, wife of Nicephorus II.,
Byzantine emperor, xvii. 482.
THEOPHILE (T. de Viau), French poet,
xxiv. 208.
THEOPHILUS, Roman jurist, xm. 794.
of Edessa, Syriac writer, xxii. 841.
ABBAS, instructor of Justinian,
xxin. 276.
THEOPHRASTUS, Peripatetic philoso
pher, xxin. 277; xvm. 545; his
history of plants, iv. 79.
— , on the Milky Way, II. 748.
THEOPHYLACT, Biblical commentator,
xxm. 277.
(Pope Benedict IX.), xix. 497.
— , patrician of Rome, xx. 787.
THEOPHYLACTUS of Simocatta, Byzan
tine historian, IV. 613; XX. 636.
THEOPNEUSTIE, La, Gaussen's work,
x. 117.
THEOPOLIS (Antioch), ancient town,
Syria, II. 132.
THEOPOMPUS of Chios, Greek historian
and rhetorician, xxin. 277 ; XXI.
466.
THEORBO, lute, xv. 71.
THEOREM, Geometrical, denned, xix.
519.
THEORIKON, spectacular fund, of
Pericles, xvm. 529.
THEORY OF THE* EARTH, Hutton's
work, xii. 415.
THEORY OF THE INTELLIGIBLE
WORLD, by Morris, xvii. 553.
THEORY OF MORAL SENTIMENTS,
Adam Smith's work, XXII. 169.
THEOSOPHY, xxm. 278; Kabbalistic,
XIII. 810; Swedenborg's, XXII.
759-
TH EOTOCOPULI, Domenico (El Greco),
Spanish painter, XI. 80.
THEOTOKOS, or Mother of God, epithet
of the Virgin Mary, XVII. 355.
THERA, island, Greece, xxin. 279.
THERAMENES, Athenian oligarch, xxm.
280.
THERAPEUT^E, monastic sect, xvi. 698;
as hymn-writers, XII. 578.
THERAPEUTICS, in medicine, xv. 796;
of iron, XIII. 359; of mercury, XVI.
34; of mineral waters, XVI. 433.
THERASIA, wife of St Paulinus, xvm.
434-
THERESA, St, Spanish saint, xxm. 281;
xvii. 134; foundress of order of Bare
foot Carmelites, v. 117; xvi. 716.
, wife of Count Henry of Portugal,
xix. 540.
THERESIA, island, Greece, xxm.
279.
THERESIENSTADT, part of Pesth, Hun
gary, xvm. 691.
(Szabadka), town, Hungary, xxii.
856.
THERESIENWIESE, common, Munich,
Bavaria, xvii. 26.
THERESIOPEL, Maria (Szabadka), town,
Hungary, XXII. 856.
THERIACA, poem by Nicander, xvii.
476.
THERIAKA, spiced opium, xvii. 788.
THERMAL SPRINGS, x. 223, 270; xvi.
432, 436.
THERMIC FEVER, xxn. 666.
THERMODON, river, Asia Minor, xix.
459-
THERMODYNAMICS, xxm. 283; vii.
815; xix. 2; laws of, xxii. 479;
Mayer's first law of, xv. 649; tem
peratures in thermodynamic scale,
xx. 129.
THERMO-ELECTRICITY, vm. 94.
THERMO-ELECTROMETER, Riess's, vm.
55-
THERMO-ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE, xv.
273-
THERMOGRAPH, thermometric record,
xxm. 293.
THERMOMETER, xxm. 288; XL 563;
gas, xx. 130; wet bulb, theory of, vn.
218; box for, xvi. 115; Reaumur's,
xx. 308; Saussure's adaptations of,
xxi. 324.
436
T H E — T H 0
THERMOMETRY, xi. 558; xix. 2.
THERMONATRITE, mineral, xvi. 399.
THERMOPHONE, telephone, xxm. 130.
THERMOPOLIA, for sale of hot drinks,
at Pompeii, xix. 449.
THERMOPYL/E, Greece, Battle of (480
B.C.), xi. 100; xiv. 462; xviii. 572.
THERMOSCOPES, indicators of tempera
ture, xi. 559; xx. 132.
THERMO-THERMAPEUTICS, or Hydro
pathy, xii. 542; in. 438, 440.
THERMOTROPISM, in vegetable physio-
log}', xix. 59.
THEROIGNE DE MERICOURT, Anne
Joseph, French Revolutionist, XXIII.
293-
THERON, tyrant of Agrigentum, I. 417;
xxii. 16.
THEROPODA, order of fossil reptiles, xx.
443-
THERUSIA (Vulcano), one of the Lipari
Islands, Mediterranean Sea, Xiv. 682.
THESEIUM, temple, ancient Athens, in. 4.
THESES SALMURIENSES, French body
of divinity, I. 783.
THESEUS, of Greek legend, xxm. 293;
in. 59; his connexion with Scyros,
xxi. 574.
THESMOPHORIA, Greek festival, xxm.
295; v. 345; vii. 57.
THESMOPHORIAZUS^:, Aristophanes's
comedy, 1 1. 509.
THESMOTHETVE, Greek magistrates, n.
476.
THESPI^E, town, ancient Greece, xxm.
297.
THESPIS, traditional inventor of tragedy,
vii. 404.
THESPROTI, ancient Greek tribe, vill.
483-
THESPROTI A, Epirus, Oracle at, xvn.
808.
THESSALIAN DIALECT, of Greek, xi.
132.
THESSALIOTIS, district, Thessaly, xxm.
299.
THESSALONIANS, Epistles to the, xxm.
297.
THESSALONICA (Salonica), town, Mace
donia, xxi. 227; xv. 137; xxm. 297.
THESSALUS, physician of Tralles, xv.
802.
THESSALY, district, Greece, xxm. 298
coins of, xvn. 641.
THETFORD, town, England, xxm. 299.
• THETIS, of Greek mythology, I. 95;
xvn. 346.
THEUDAS, of Acts of the Apostles, I
126.
THEUDEMIR, king of the East Goths
xxm. 256.
THEUDIBERT, king of the Alemanni
xvn. 233.
THEUERDANK, German allegorical
work, x. 527; XV. 644.
THEVENOT, Jean do, French Oriental
traveller, XXIII. 300.
THEW, instrument of punishment, XIX.
96.
THIAKI (Ithaca), island, Greece, xm.
THIAN SHAN, mountains, Central Asia,
n. 686; xvni. 102; xxi. 640; xxii.
818; xxm. 631.
THIBAUT of Champagne, early French
writer, ix. 642.
— , Anton Friedrich Justus, German
jurist, xxm. 300.
THIBET, or Tibet (q.v.\ country, Central
Asia, xxm. 337.
THIBODI, Phra Kami, Siamese ruler,
xxi. 854.
THIELE, river, Switzerland, xvn. 361.
THIELT, town, Belgium, xxm. 302.
THIERRY, Ameclce Simon Dominique,
French historian, xxm. 302; IX. 680;
on the Gallic Druids, vii. 478.
, Jacques Nicolas Augustin, French
historian, XXIII. 302; ix. 680.
AND THEODORET, tragedy of
Beaumont and Fletcher, ill. 470. ,
THIERS, town, France, xxm. 302; xx.
120.
•, Louis Adolphe, French historian
and statesman, xxm. 302; IX. 619;
as a writer, ix, 68 1.
THIETBERGA, wife of Lothaire of Lor
raine, xvii. 483.
THIGH, Anatomy of the, I. 829; of birds,
ill. 722; of mammals, XV. 360.
THIMONIER, Barthelemy, inventor of a
sewing machine, XXI. 718.
THING, Great, Swedish tribal assembly,
xxii. 744.
THINOCORIS, genus of birds, xix.
228.
THIOCYANATES, in chemistry, xx.
25-
TH ION VILLE, fortress, Lorraine, XV. 7.
THIOSULPHATES, in chemistry, xxii.
636.
THIRLWALL, Connop, bishop of St
David's, historian xxm. 305.
THIRSK, town, England, xxm. 306.
THIRST, xvn. 667.
THIRTY-NINE ARTICLES, of Church of
England, II. 653; VI. 564; vill. 377,
379-
TH IRTY YEARS' WAR (1618-1648),
IX. 568; X. 500; in Austria, III.
125; effect of, in England, vin. 344;
effects on Holland, XII. 78; in Saxony,
XXL 354; Spanish part in, xxii.
331; Sweden's participation in, xxii.
749; influence 011 Switzerland, xxii.
794; Wallenstein's part in, xxiv.
328.
THIS-RONG-DE-TSAN, or Khri-srong-
klen-btsan, Tibetan king, Xiv. 502;
xxm. 345.
THISTLE, plant, xxm. 306.
— , Order of the, xiv. 123.
THISTLEWOOD CONSPIRACY (1820), in
England, xxm. 307.
THIV/E (Thebes), town, Greece, xxm.
229.
THLINKEETS, race, North America, xii.
826; exogamy among, v. 187.
THOLOBATE, in architecture, n. 474.
THOLUCK, Friedrich August, German
theologian and preacher, xxill. 307.
THOMAS, St, apostle, xxm. 308.
, prince of Savoy, xxi. 339.
— of Celano, XXI II. 308.
of Erceldoune, Scottish legendary
poet, xxm. 308.
of Hark el, Syriac writer, xxii. 825.
of Marga, Syriac writer, xxii. 848.
of Stitny, Bohemian writer, xxii.
151.
, Antoine Leonard, French writer,
IX. 670.
, George, military adventurer, India,
ill. 629.
, George H., American general,
XXlll. 790.
A KEMPIS, mediaeval writer, Xiv.
31 ; XI. 208; his relation to mysticism,
xvn. 134.
AQUINAS, scholastic philosopher,
II. 231. See Aquinas.
BECKET, archbishop of Canter
bury, I. 31. See Becket.
THOMASIUS, Christian, German jurist
and publicist, xxm. 309; x. 532;
XVIII. 540; his influence in Halle
university, xxm. 847.
THOMAS LITTLE, Thomas Moore's nom
de plume, xvi. 806.
THOMASON, his collection of pamphlets,
XVIII. 205.
THOMISM, in scholastic philosophy, xxi.
429.
THOMPSON, Sir Benjamin (Count Ruin-
ford), scientist and diplomatist, xxm.
309-
, John Vaughau, English physician
and naturalist, xxiv. 808; on Mol-
lusca, xvi. 632.
, Thomas Peronnet, English politi
cian and mathematician, xxm. 310.
THOMSENOLITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
THOMSON, Andrew, Scottish church
man, XXI. 538.
, Sir Charles Wyville, Scottish
naturalist, xxm. 310.
-, James (1700-1748), Scottish poet,
author of The Seasons, xxm. 311.
-, James (1834-1882), Scottish poet,
author of City of Dreadful Night,
xxm. 312.
-, John, of Duddingston, Scottish
landscape painter, xxm. 312.
-, John, Scottish logaritlimist, xiv.
776.
-, Sir William, on attraction, ill. 64;
xv. 226; his compass improvements,
VI. 228; on elastic solids, vi. 312; his
contributions to the science of electri
city, Vill. n, 15, 32, 33, 75,76,81,85,
90, 95, 99; his guard ring accumulator,
T H 0 — T H U
437
VIII. 34; his electrometers, VIII. 119,
120, 121 ; on magnetism, XV. 249; on
magnecrystallic action, xv. 266; on
effect of traction on magnetization, xv.
269 ; on radiation, XX. 215; his siphon
telegraph-recorder, xxm. 124; on
laws of thermodynamics, XXII. 482;
on condensation of vapour, ill. 386;
on vortex atoms, in. 45.
THOMSON AND TAIT, on tidal retarda
tion of earth's rotation, XXIII. 377.
THOMSONITE, mineral, xvi. 423.
THONEGWA, district, Burmah, xxm.
330-
THONON, town, France, xxi. 333.
THOR, Scandinavian divinity, I. 210;
xvn. 156.
THORACOMETER, for measuring chest
movements, XX. 477.
THORARENSEN, Bjarne, Icelandic poet,
xxi. 369.
THORAX, or Chest, I. 822; xx. 476; in
mammals, xv. 358. See also article
Skeleton.
THOREAU, Henry David, American
writer, XXIII. 313; I. 732.
THORFINN, Norse earl, in Scotland,
xxi. 480.
THORILD, Tomas, Swedish poet and
critic, xiv. 29; xxn. 757.
THORISMUND, West Gothic prince, in.
62.
THORITE, mineral, xvi. 424.
THORIUM, chemical element, XXIII.
3i4; v. 543.
THORN, plant, xi. 536; the Glaston-
bury thorn, x. 675.
— , town, West Prussia, xxm. 314.
THORNBACK, fish, xxm. 314; xx.
299.
THORXDALE, W. H. Smith's work,
xxn. 179.
THORNHILL, Sir James, English painter,
xxm. 314.
THORNTON-ON-HUMBER, abbey, Lin
colnshire, England, I. 20; xiv. 656.
THORSHAVN, town, Faroe Islands, ix.
39-
THORSTEIN, mountain, Austria, xxi.
241.
THORWALDSEN, Bertel, Danish sculptor,
xxm. 315; vn. 94; xxi. 570.
THOTH, Egyptian divinity, vn. 718.
— , Books of, ancient Egyptian works,
xiv. 510.
THOTHMES, kings of Egypt, vn. 735.
THOU, Cristophe de, first president of
Paris parlement, xxm. 315.
, Jacques Auguste de, French
historian, xxm. 315; ix. 659.
THOUAR, Arthur, explorer of Pilcomayo
river, xix. 188.
THOUGHT, in psychology, xx. 57, 75,
83; as subject of logical science, xiv.
780; xvi. 94.
THOUGHTS IN PRISON, Dr Dodd's
poem, vii. 319.
THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS, Arabic
tales, xxm. 316; II. 263.
THOUSAND ISLANDS, Lake of the,
Canada, xxi. 180.
THRACE, country, South-Eastern Europe,
xxm. 318; coins of, xvn. 640.
THRACIA, Eoman province, South-
Eastern Europe, xxm. 318.
1 THRALE, Henry, friend of Johnson, xin.
727.
, Mrs (Hester Lynch, Mrs Piozzi),
English writer, XIX. no.
THRALL, Teutonic bondman, vm. 274;
xvn. 529.
THRASAETUS, genus of birds, xi. 491.
THRASAMUND, Vandal king, xxiv. 59.
THRASEA FOETUS, Roman philosopher,
xi. 643; xvn. 350.
THRASHING MACHINES, Invention of,
I. 302; the first driven by steam, I.
305; improvements on, I. 325; port
able, I. 324.
THRASYBULUS, Athenian general, xxm.
3i9-
, tyrant of Miletus, XVIII. 528.
— , ruler of Syracuse, XXII. 16, 814.
THRASYLLUS, Choragic monument of,
at Athens, n. 411.
THRAX, Dionysius, Roman grammarian,
xi- 37, 43-
THREAD MANUFACTURE, vi. 502;
bleaching of, ill. 820.
THREAD-WORMS, xvn. 324; disease
caused by, xvm. 270.
THREAVE CASTLE, Kirkcudbright, Scot
land, xiv. 98.
THREE BEARS, The, Southey's tale,
xxii. 290.
THREE BODIES, Problem of the, in
astronomy, II. 759.
THREE ESTATES, of the realm, in Eng
land, vm. 557, 314; xvm. 306.
THREE F.'s, The, in Irish land tenure,
xiv. 277.
THREE HOLY CHILDREN, Song of the,
in Apocrypha, ll. 181.
THREE MUSKETEERS, The, Dumas's ro
mance, vn. 522.
THREE RIVERS, town, Canada, xxm.
319; xx. 167.
THREE SISTERS, mountains, Oregon,
U.S.A., xvn. 822; xxm. 800.
THREE TETONS, mountains, Wyoming,
U.S.A., xxiv. 712.
THREMMATOLOGY, branch of biological
science, xxiv. 802, 817.
THRENODIA CAROLINA, Sir Thomas
Herbert's work, xi. 722.
THRESHER, bird, xvi. 541.
THRESHER-SHARK, fish, xxi. 777.
TH RIPS, group of insects, xm. 152; as
wheat pest, XXIV. 534.
THROAT, Anatomy of the, I. 822;
diseases of, xxm. 319; surgical opera
tions on, xxii. 690; in relation to
the voice, xxiv. 273; of birds, ill.
726.
THROMBOSIS, disease, xvm. 401.
THRONDHJEM, town, Norway, xxm.
321.
FJORD, Norway, xvn. 576.
THRONES, chairs of state, ix. 848.
, in celestial hierarchy, XI. 792.
THROSTLE, bird, xxm. 321.
, cotton spinning frame, vi. 495.
THROW-BOARD, Welsh game, v. 597.
THROWING, of silk, xxii. 61.
THRUSH, bird, xxm. 321; migration of,
in. 765.
THUANUS (Jacques Auguste de Thou),
French historian, xxm. 315.
THUCYDIDES, Greek historian, xxm.
322; xi. 141.
, rival of Pericles, XVIII. 531.
THUGS, Indian assassins, xxm. 326;
suppression of, XII. 806; vocabulary
of language used by, vn. 191.
THUGUT, Frans Maria von, Austrian
diplomatist, XXIII. 327.
THUJA, genus of trees, n. 313.
THULE, ancient Northern land, xxm.
328; XIX. 315; of Ptolemy, XX. 94;
of Pytheas, xx. 143.
THULITE, mineral, xvi. 409.
THULIUM, Spectrum of, xxn. 377.
THUMB RINGS, xx. 562.
THUMMEL, Moritz August von, German
writer, xxin. 329.
THUN, town, Switzerland, in. 600.
, Lake of, Switzerland, I. 3; Xiv.
218; xxn. 777.
THUNBERG, Carl Peter, Swedish
traveller and botanist, xxin. 329.
THUNDER, i. 107; xxin. 329.
THUNDERBOLT, xxin. 330.
THUNDERING LEGION, Miracle of the,
in. 87.
THUNDERSTORM, xxin. 329; xvi. 128;
spectroscopic history of a, xx. 256.
THUNEN, J. Heinrieh von, German
economist, Xix. 388.
THUN-KHWA, district, Burmah, xxin.
33°-
THUR AND PARKER, district, India,
XXIII. 221.
THURGAU, or Thurgovia, canton,
Switzerland, XXIII. 330; XXII. 794.
THURII, town, Magna Graccia, Italy,
xxin. 331; xv. 38.
THURINGER WALD, mountains, Ger
many, x. 448; xxin. 332.
THURINGIA, district, L'pper Saxony,
xxin. 331.
THURINGIAN FOREST, mountains, Ger
many, x. 448; xxin. 332.
THURINGIAN LAW CODE, xxi. 215.
THURINGITE, mineral, xvi. 414.
i THURIUM (Thurii), town, Magna Gra>
cia, Italy, xxn I. 331; xv. 38.
THURLES, town, Ireland, xxin. 332.
THURLOE, John, English postmaster,
xix. 564.
THURLOW, Lord, lord chancellor of
England, xxin. 332.
438
T H U — T I L
THURMOND, John, English pantomimist,
xviii. 215.
THURSO, town, Scotland, xxm. 333.
THURY, Counts of (Cassini), French
astronomers, v. 185.
THUS, incense, ix. 711; xn. 718.
THUYA, genus of trees, n. 313.
THYATIRA (Akhissar), town, Turkey in
Asia, I. 436.
THYESTES, in Greek legend, in. 50;
xviii. 480.
THYLACINUS, genus of marsupial mam
mals, xv. 380.
THYLACOLEO, genus of fossil marsupial
mammals, XV. 383.
THYMALLUS, genus of fishes, xi. 78;
xxi. 221, 224.
THYME, plant, xxm. 333; xn. 289.
THYNI, tribe, Thrace, in. 793.
THYNNUS, genus of fishes, xxm. 625.
THYRE DANEBOD, barrow, Denmark,
in. 398.
THYROID GLAND, Diseases of the, xviii.
384; goitre, x. 739.
THYRZA, Byron's mourning for, iv. 607.
THYSANOPTERA, group of insects, xin.
152.
THYSANURA, order of insects, xin. 153.
THYSSAGET/E, ancient nomadic race,
Eastern Europe, XXI. 575.
Ti AN- SHAN, mountains, Central Asia,
II. 686; xviii. 102; XXI. 640; XXII.
818; xxm. 631.
TIARA, headdress, VI. 454.
TIBBUS, nomad race, North Africa,
xxm. 334; i. 261, 268; xxii. 278.
TIBER, river, Italy, xin. 438; its mouth,
xvni. 61.
TIBERIAS, town, Palestine, xxm. 334;
battle of (1187), vi. 627; xxm. 161.
— , Lake of, Palestine, X. 29; XVIII.
i?i, 173-
TIBERIUS (Tiberius Claudius Nero),
Roman emperor, xxm. 335; XX. 772.
— , Arch of, at Orange, France, xvn.
812.
— ABSIMARUS, emperor of the East,
xm. 798.
CLAUDIUS DRUSUS (Claudius),
Roman emperor, v. 816; xvn. 348;
xx. 772, 773.
TIBESTI, oasis, Africa, I. 250, 261;
xvii. 695; xxi. 149; xxm. 334.
TIBET, country, Central Asia, xxni.
337; ii. 684; xiv. 496; Great and
Little, Xiv. 198; mountain system of,
xi. 821, 823; Lamaism of, xiv. 226;
European travellers in, x. 188.
TIBETAN LANGUAGE, xvni. 779; xxm.
346; dictionaries of, VII. 192.
TIBETANS, race of people, xxm. 343.
TlBETO-BURMAN RACE, xil. 777; lan
guage of, xvni. 779; xxm. 346.
TIBIA, Anatomy of the, I. 829, of birds,
ill. 723.
TIBI^, Roman musical instrument, xvn.
707.
TlBULLUS, Albius, Roman poet, XXIII.
348; xx. 723.
TIBUR (Tivoli), ancient town, Italy,
xiv. 344; xxm. 421.
TlBUS, or Tibbus, race of people, Soudan,
Africa, xxm. 334; I. 261, 268; XXII.
278.
TlCAO, island, Philippines, xviii. 752.
TlC-DOLOUREUX, form of neuralgia,
xvii. 363.
TICHODROMA, genus of birds, xxm. 534.
TlCINO, canton, Switzerland, xxm.
351; xxii. 789, 794.
, river, Italy, xm. 435.
TICINUM (Pavia), ancient town, Italy,
xvni. 439.
TICK, mite, ii. 276; xvi. 529.
TICKELL, Thomas, English poet, xxm.
35i-
TlCKET-OF-LEAVE, XIX. 752, 756.
TiCKNOR, George, American man of
letters, xxm. 352; I. 724.
TICONDEROGA, town, New York,
U.S.A., xxm. 352.
, Falls of, New York, U.S.A., xvn.
451.
TIDE-GAUGE, xxm. 370.
TIDE-PREDICTING INSTRUMENT, xxm.
37i-
TIDES, xxm. 353 (table of contents,
381); x. 283; laws of, ii. 762; solar
and lunar, xv. 687; in relation to
navigation, xvn. 275; in rivers xx.
576; Maclaurm on the theory of, xv.
162; action of, in Suez Canal, iv. 791 ;
in Mediterranean Sea, XV. 822.
-, Atmospheric, XV I. 122.
TIDE-WAVE, xxm. 372.
TIDOR, island, Indian Archipelago,
xxm. 381 ; claim of sultan of, to New
Guinea, xvii. 389.
TlECK, Friedrich, German sculptor, xxi,
566.
, Ludwig, German tale-writer, xxm.
381; x. 542.
TlEDEMANN, Friedrich, German anato
mist, XXill. 383.
TlEDMANN, H., on birds, xvni. 19, 48.
TIEFTRUNK, Karl, Bohemian writer,
XXII. 153.
TIEFURT, near Weimar, Germany, XXIV.
491.
TlEMANNlTE, mineral, XVI. 393.
TlEN-CHWANG-TAl, town, China, XVII.
381.
TIEN-FUNG-TAH, pagoda at Ning-Po,
China, xvii. 513.
TIENTSIN, town, China, xxm. 383; v.
633-
TlEPOLO, Bajamonte, Venetian con
spirator, xxiv. 143.
TIERNEY, George, English politician,
xxm. 383.
TIERRA DEL FuEGO, archipelago,
South America, xxm. 383; XVIII.
352; Indians of, xil. 829.
TIFFIN, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xxm. 385.
TIFLIS, town, Russian Caucasia, xxm.
385; government, xxm. 513.
TIGELLINUS, general and conspirator
under Nero, xvii. 349.
TIGER, carnivorous mammal, xxni. 385;
xv. 435; of India, xil. 741; of Java,
Xlll. 603; of Persia, xviii. 625; skins
of, IX. 839.
TIGER-BEETLE, vi. 129.
TIGER-CAT, carnivorous mammal, xvn.
719.
TIGER-SHARK, xxi. 775.
TIGLATH-ADAR, Assyrian king, in. 186.
TlGLATH-PlLESER I., Assyrian king,
in. 186, 192.
II., ill. 186; xiil. 411.
TlGRANES, Armenian kings, XX1IL 386;
xv. 56; xvin. 595, 600.
-, great-grandson of Herod the Great,
xviii. 602.
TlGRANOCERTA, Mesopotamia, Battle of
(69 B.C.), XV. 56.
TIG RE, province, Abyssinia, I. 64.
, or Tigriiia, language of EUiiopia,
vin. 612; xxi. 655.
-, island, Honduras, xil. 130.
TIGRIS, river, Asia, xxui. 386; I. 135;
xvi. 47.
TIH, Tomb of, at Sakkarah, Egypt, xvn.
34-
, Jebel el-, mountain, Arabia, XXII.
88.
TIKUL, town, Yucatan, xxiv. 758.
TlLBORGH,Egidius van, Flemish painter,
xxni. 175.
TILBURG, or Tilborg, town, Holland,
xxni. 387.
TILBURY NOGO, Whyte-Melville's novel,
xv. 844.
TIL CAKE, or Sesame Cake, xvn. 739.
TILDEN, Samuel Jones, American states
man, xxni. 387.
TILES, xxni. 387; for rooting, iv. 463;
clay, iv. 283; encaustic, vin. 187;
glazed, for wall linings, xvn. 36.
TILGHMAN, B. C., inventor of sand
blast, xxi. 257.
TILHAR, town, India, xxi. 735.
TILIA, genus of trees, xiv. 648.
TILIMSAN (Tlemcen), town, Algeria,
xxni. 422.
TILING, in building, IV. 463.
TILKERODITE, mineral, XVI. 391.
TILL, affluent of Tweed, England, xvn.
565; xxni. 673.
— , or Boulder Clay, X. 367.
TILLAGE, of fields, I. 328; laws for en
couragement of, I. 298.
TILLEMONT, Sebastien le Nain de,
French ecclesiastical historian, xxni.
39°-
TILL EULENSPIEGEL, German chap-
book, Vin. 664; x. 527.
TILLODONTIA, group of fossil ungulate
mammals, xv. 432.
TlLLOTSON, John, archbishop of Canter
bury, xxni. 390.
T I L — T I R
439
TILLY, Johann Tserclaes, count of,
imperial general, XXIII. 391 ; m. 125;
x. 500.
TIL OIL, xxi. 693.
TILPIN (Turpin), archbishop of Eheims,
romancist, xxm. 669.
TILSIT, town, Prussia, xxm. 391; treaty
of (1807), ix. 616; xvii. 211.
TlM^EUS, Greek chronologist, V. 710.
, dialogue of Plato, xix. 209.
TIMANSK MOUNTAINS, Russia, xxiv.
283.
TlMANTHES, Greek painter, II. 363.
TIMARCHUS, Median satrap, xvm.
590.
TIMBER, as building material, IV. 448;
dry rot in, vn. 493 ; strength of, VII.
816; xxii. 603.
TREES, n. 315; forestry regulation
of, ix. 397; of New Zealand, xvn.
469; of Queensland, XX. 173; of the
United States, xxm. 807. Compare
also Fir, Oak, Pine, Teak, etc.
TIMBRE, quality of sound, I. 107, 118;
xxiv. 275.
TIMBUKTU, or Timbuctoo, town,
Sahara, Africa, XXlli. 391; I. 271;
XVII. 497.
TIME, Measurement of, xxin. 392 ;
dynamical measurement of, VII. 581;
Nepalese measurement of, xvn. 343;
mean and sidereal, VI. 14; at the
observatories, xvn. 710; observations
for, at sea, xvn. 268, 272; how kept
at sea by early navigators, xvn.
250; determination of, in surveying,
xxii. 713; zodiacal division of, XXIV.
791.
— , Effect of, in magnetism, XV. 273.
— , Equation of, in astronomy, II. 772.
, Idea of, XX. 64.
— , in music, xvn. 81.
TIMEKEEPERS, for sea voyages, xvn.
259.
TIMELIID^E, group of birds, xxiv. 366.
TIMEPIECES, vi. 13; xxiv. 394.
TIMES, The, London newspaper, xvn.
417; xxin. 710.
TIMOCHARIS, Alexandrian astronomer,
ii. 748.
TIMOCRATES, Demosthenes's oration
against, vn. 69.
TIMOLEAGUE, ecclesiastical ruin, Cork,
Ireland, vi. 405.
TIMOLEON, Greek statesman and
general, xxin. 396; XI. 104; his work
in Sicily and Syracuse, xxn. 19, 816.
TIMON, Lucian's work, xv. 45.
— of Athens, misanthrope, XXIII. 397;
Shakespeare's play, xxi. 764.
— of Phlius, Greek sillograph and
sceptic, xxin. 397.
TIMOR, island, Indian Archipelago,
xxin. 397; taboo (pamali) system in,
xxin. 17.
- LAUT, island group, Indian Archi
pelago, xxin. 398.
TlMOTHEUS, or Timothy, of Scripture,
xxin. 399.
, Athenian general, XXlli. 398.
, Greek musician and poet, XXIII.
399-
TIMOTHY, of Scripture, xxin. 399.
, Epistles to, xvm. 348.
I., metropolitan of Seleucia, Syriac
writer, xxn. 845.
II., Nestorian catholicus, Syriac
writer, xxi I. 856.
TlMUR, or Tamerlane, Oriental con-
cpieror, XXlli. 399; II. 700; his sub
jugation of Afghanistan, I. 239 ; in
India, XII. 793; his dealings with
Toktamish, xvi. 747; defeats Turks
under Bayezid, XXlli. 641; his de
scendants in Persia, xvni. 632; grave
of, at Samarkand, xxi. 247.
TIMURANAMA, Persian books, xvin.
657.
TIMUR KHAN, Mongol ruler, xvi. 742.
TIN, metal, xxin. 400; xvi. 381, 387;
as chemical element, V. 538; constit
uent of bronze, IV. 366; in pewter,
xvm. 725; strength of, XXII. 603;
mines, in Cornwall, VI. 425; in
Queensland, xx. 173; ores of, xvi. 58;
387; ore dressing, xvi. 466; produc
tion of, xvi. 467 ; production in
England, vin. 229 ; production in
United States, xxin. 816.
TlNjEUS of Tauromenium, Sicilian his
torian, XXII. 20.
TlNAMOU, bird, xxi 1 1. 402.
TlNAMUS, genus of birds, XXIII. 402.
TlNAROO, Queensland, Tin mines of,
xx. 173,
TINAVELLY, district, India, xxin. 404.
TINCA, genus of fishes, xxin. 173.
TINCHEBRAI, or Tenchebrai, Normandy,
Battle of (1106), XL 656; xvn. 544.
TINCOMMIUS, British king, xxn. 725.
TlNCTOR, John (Joannes de Tinctoris),
Flemish musician, xvn. 82, 83.
TINCTURES, in heraldry, xi. 691.
TINDAL, Matthew, English deist, XXIII.
403; on natural religion, vn. 35.
TINDER, for obtaining fire, xv. 625.
TINDER-ORE, mineral, xvi. 388.
TINDJIL, island, Java, xin. 600.
TINEA GRANELLA, wheat pest, xxiv.
536.
TINEA TONSURANS, or Ringworm,
disease, xvin. 269; xxn. 124.
TlN-FoiL, tin in thin sheets, XXlli.
401.
TINGHAE, town, Chusan, China, v. 767.
TlNGlS, ancient town, North Africa,
xv. 637; xxin. 46.
TIN ISLANDS, of ancient Britain, iv. 352.
TlNKAL, mineral, xvi. 396.
TINKER, bird, XL 262; xx. 302.
TINKERSHIRE, bird, XL 262.
TIN MINING, xvi. 452; xxin. 400.
TINNE, Alexandrine, Dutch traveller in
Africa, xxm. 404.
TINNED FOODS, xix. 708.
TINNEVELLI, district, India, XXIII. 404;
town, xxin. 405; pearl fishery of,
xvin. 447.
TINNEYS, American Indians, xii. 827.
TiNNUNCULUS, genus of birds, xiv. 53.
TlNPLATE, XIII. 357.
TINSTONE, xxin. 400.
TINTA WINE, Madeira, xv. 178; xxiv.
609.
TINTERN ABBEY, Monmouthshire,
England, xvi. 754.
TINTORETTO, II (Jacopo Robusti),
Italian painter, XX. 608.
TIPHSAH (Thapsacus), Mesopotamia,
Bridge over Euphrates at, xvi. 49.
TIPPECANOE, United States, Battle of
(1811), xxin. 759.
TIPPERAH, district, British India, XXlli.
405; XL 820.
TlPPERARY, county, Ireland, xxin.
405; town, XXlli. 406.
TIPPERMUIR, Scotland, Battle of (1644),
xvi. 796; xxi. 513.
TIPPLER, for emptying mining waggons,
xvi. 455.
TIPPOO SAHIB, sultan of Mysore, India,
XXlli. 406; xii. 803; library of, xiv.
533-
TlPTOFT, John, earl of "Worcester, deputy
in Ireland, vin. 330; xin. 261.
TlPTON, town, England, xxin. 406.
TlPU (Tippoo, q.v.), XII. 803.
TIPULA OLERACEA, wheat pest, xxiv.
535-
TIRABOSCHI, Girolamo, Italian historian,
xxin. 407.
TIRANO, town, North Italy, xxiv. 45.
TIRANT LO BLANCH, romance, xx. 658.
TlRAQUEAU, Andre, French jurist, xx.
194.
TIRAVALUR, Tanjore, India, Temple of,
n. 396.
TIRCONAIL, ancient division, Ireland,
vn. 362.
TIRESIAS, of Greek legend, xxm. 407.
TlRHUT, or Tirhoot, district, India,
xxm. 407.
TIRIBAZUS, satrap of Sardis, xvm. 578.
TIRICH MIR, mountain, Afghanistan,
•VT Q -»Q
XI. 030.
TIRIDATES, king of Armenia, xvn. 350.
— , Arsaces, king of Parthia, xvin.
- II., of Parthia, xvm. 598.
TIRLEMONT, town, Belgium, xxm. 407.
TlRSO DE MOLINA (Gabriel Tellez),
Spanish dramatist, xxm. 157; vn.
421; xxii. 359.
TIRSULI GANDAK, district, Tibet, xxm.
34i-
TIRUMALA NAYAK, ruler of Madura,
India, XV. 193.
TIRUMANGALAM, town, India, xv. 192.
TlRUPATUR, town, India, xxi. 210.
TIRUVALESWARAMPET, part of Madras
city, India, xv. 188.
440
T I R — T 0 L
TIRUVASAKAM, Tamil hymns, xxm. 43.
TlRUVAYMOLl, Tamil hymns, XXIII. 44.
TlRYNS, or Tirynth, ancient town,
Greece, xxni. 407; xvu. 115; Cyclo
pean wall at, II. 345, 402.
TlSCHENDORF, Lobegott Friedrich Kon-
stantin, German Biblical critic, xxm.
409.
TISIAS, Greek rhetorician, XX. 509.
(Stesicliorus), Greek poet, XXII.
543-
TlSiO, or Tisi, Benvenuto, Italian painter,
xxm. 409.
TisiPHONE, one of the Furies, VIII. 524.
'Tis PITY SHE'S A WHORE, Ford's
tragedy, IX. 395.
TISSAPHERNES, satrap of Sardis, xvni.
575-
TISSUES, Animal, XII. 4; I. 842; XIX.
12; unity of, XX. 420.
, Vegetable, XII. 10; IV. 83.
TlSTA, river, India, XXII. 51.
TlT, ancient town, Morocco, XVI. 831.
TITANIA, queen of the fairies, xvu. 704.
TITANIUM, chemical element, xxm.
410; v. 538; xxiv. 627.
TITANOMORPHITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
TITANS, of Greek mythology, XXIII.
410; x. 571; xvn. 155; xxi. 320.
TITE, Sir William, on ancient London,
Xiv. 841.
TITHE COMMUTATION ACT (1836),
English, its effects on agriculture, I.
3°4-
TITHES, of Scripture, xxm. 410; XI v.
488.
, in law, XXlll. 411.
TITHING, division of county, England,
vi. 513; xvu. 29.
TlTHONUS, in Greek mythology, XXIII.
4i3-
TITIAN (Tiziano Vecellio), Italian painter,
XXlll. 413; XX. 609; xxi. 436; his
manner of colouring, xvin. 139.
TiTl BANSA, mountains, Malay Penin
sula, xv. 321.
TITICACA, Lake, Bolivia and Peru, IV.
11; xiv. 217; xvm. 673.
TITIES, early Roman tribe, XX. 732.
TITLARK, bird, xix. 112.
TITLE, to land, xx. 307; register of, xx.
342.
TITLES, Abbreviations of, I. 28.
— OF COURTESY, British, xix. 665.
— OF HONOUR, xxm. 417.
TITLIS, mountain, Switzerland, xxm.
858.
TITMOUSE, bird, xxm. 418.
TlTTERSTONE CLEE HlLL, England,
xxi. 847.
TITULUS HONORARIUS, honorary in
scription, xill. 128.
TITUREL, Wolfram's love-tale, xxiv.
632.
TITUS, of Scripture, XXIII. 420.
— , Epistle to, XVIII. 348.
(Titus Flavius Sabinus Vespasi-
anus), Roman emperor, XXlll. 419;
as general in Judyea, xill. 428.
TITUS ANDRONICUS, Shakespeare's
play, xxi. 763.
TITUSVILLE, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xxm. 420; xvin. 713.
TIUMEN, or Tyumen, town, Siberia,
xxm. 714.
TIVERTON, town, England, xxm. 421.
TIVOLI, town, Italy, xxm. 421; xiv.
344; XX. 792; temple of Vesta at, n.
417.
TiXTLA, town, Mexico, XI. 248.
TIYARI, Nestorian district, Kurdistan,
xvii. 357.
TIZGI, town, Sahara, Africa, xxi. 149.
TlZlANO, or Titian (q.v.), Italian painter,
XXlll. 413.
•, Marco di, Italian painter, XXIII.
416.
TIZIO, Sigismondo, Sienese chronicler,
xxn. 43.
TJERIBON, or Cheribon, town, Java, v.
585; xm. 606.
TJI ANDJUR, town, Java, xm. 606.
TJILATJAP, town, Java, xm. 606.
TJITJALENGKA, town, Java, xm. 606.
TjOMO, island, Norway, xvu. 576.
TLACATECOLOTL, Mexican deity, xvi.
211.
TLALOCS, Mexican deities, xvi. 212.
TLAXCALA, town, Mexico, xxm. 421;
xvi. 214; state, xvi. 214.
TLAXCALTECS, ancient Mexican race,
xxm. 421.
TLEMCEN, town, Algeria, xxm. 422.
TLOQUENAHUAQUE, Mexican deity,
xvi. 211.
TLOS, ancient town, Lycia, IX. 67; xv.
93
TMETOTROGON, genus of birds, xxm.
584.
TMOLUS, Gold mines of, Asia Minor,
xv. 99.
TMOUTORAKAN, Khazar principality,
South Russia, xiv. 60.
TOAD, amphibian, xxm. 422; structure
of, I. 751; Calif ornian, xiv. 736.
TOBACCO, plant and narcotic, xxm.
423; adulterations of, I. 174; culture,
in Philippine Islands, xvm. 751; in
United States, XXlll. 824; in Ken
tucky, U.S A., xiv. 43 ; in Virginia,
U.S.A., xxiv. 260; of Cuba, VI. 681;
of India, XII. 750.
PIPE, xix. 1 10.
TOBACCO- SEED OIL, xvu. 744.
TOBAGO, island, West Indies, XXIII.
427; birds of, ill. 747.
TOBERCURRY, town, Ireland, xxil. 1 59.
TOBERMORITE, mineral, xvi. 421.
TOBERMORY, town, Scotland, XVII. 16.
TOBIAS, son of Tobit, xxm. 427.
— , Children of, in priestly aristocracy
of Israel, xm. 420.
TOBIQUE, river, New Brunswick, xvu.
373-
TOBIT, Book of, in Apocrypha, xxm.
427; ii. 181.
TOBOL, steppe, Siberia, xxm. 429,
river, XVIII. 549.
TOBOLSK, government, Russia in Asia,
xxm. 428; town, xxm. 430.
TOCANTINS, river, Brazil, IV. 221.
TOCHARI, Central Asian nomads,
xvm. 594, 600, 603, 606.
TOCORNACLITE, mineral, xvi. 384.
TOCQUEVILLE, Alexis Henri Charles
Che'rel, Comte de, French politician,
xxm. 430; IX. 675.
To-DAl-Jl, Buddhist temple at Nara,
Japan, xvii. 229.
TODAS, tribe, India, xv. 185; xvii.
509.
TODESCHINI, Francesco (Pope Pius
III.), xix. 153.
TODLEBEN, Eduard Ivanovich, Russian
general, XXIII. 431; xxi. 102.
TODMORDEN, town, England, xxm.
43i-
TODT, R., German socialist, XXII. 216.
TODTE GEBIRGE, Austria, xxi. 241.
TODUS, genus of birds, xxm. 431.
TODY, bird, xxm. 431.
TOES, Anatomy of, I. 830; redundancy
of, xvi. 762; peculiarity of great toe
in monkeys, II. 148.
TOFT, Thomas and Ralph, English
potters, xix. 632.
TOFUA, island, South Pacific, IX. 779.
TOGA, Roman article of dress, vi. 456.
TOGAT/E, in Roman comedy, vn. 411.
TOGGENBURG, countship, Switzerland,
xxi. 168.
TOGHON, Kalmuk khan, xvi. 745.
TlMUR KHAN, emperor of China,
xvi. 743.
TOGHRAI, Arab poet, II. 263.
TOGHRUL BEG, Seljuk ruler, XXI. 634.
TOGO- LAND, district, West Coast,
Africa, xxm. 432.
TOHOROTH, part of Mishnah, xvi. 505.
TOILET POWDERS, xvm. 526.
ToiSE, standard of length, in geodesic
measurements, VII. 598, 605; xxil.
199.
TOKA, island, South Pacific, xv. 30.
TOKAT, town, Turkey, xxm. 432.
TOKAY, town, Hungary, xxm. 432;
wine district, xvu. 688; xxiv. 610.
TOKEN, The, American literary journal,
XL 537-
- MONEY, xvi. 730 ; tokens in
numismatics, XVII. 656.
TOKEWANNA PEAK, Rocky Mountains,
U.S.A., xxm. 796.
TOKHARISTAN, province, Central Asia,
xvm. 101.
TOKIO (Yedo), town, Japan, xxm. 432;
xm. 577.
TOKOLYI, Emeric, Hungarian noble, XII.
370.
TOKTAMISH, Mongol khan, XVI. 747.
TOLAND, John, English deist, xxm.
T 0 L — T 0 R
441
434; VII. 34; his history of the Druids,
vii. 478.
TOLEDO, province, Spain, xxm. 435.
, town, Spain, XXIII. 435; cathedral,
II. 433; councils of, xxn. 308; mas- ]
sacre of (807), XXII. 310.
— , town, Ohio, U.S.A., xxm. 436.
— , Francisco de, viceroy of Peru,
xvm. 677.
, Juan Bautista de, Spanish architect,
vin. 540.
TOLENTINO, Italy, Treaty of (1797),
XVII. 197.
TOLERATION, Locke on, xiv. 755,
756; viii. 352.
ACT, English, vin. 352; XX. 149;
xxm. 199.
TOLFA, Italy, Manufactory of alum at,
I. 645.
TOLI MONASTIR, town, Turkish Rou-
melia, XVI. 719.
TOLISTOBOGII, tribe, Asia Minor, x. 18.
TOLKAPPIYAM, Tamil grammar, XXIH.
43-
TOLL, in law, xxm. 436.
— AND THEAM, Cinque Port right,
v. 786.
TOLLENDAL, Baron de (Count de Lally),
French general, XIV. 226; XII. 800.
TOLLENS, Hendrik, Dutch poet, XII.
97-
TOLLENSER SEE, lake, Prussia, xvii.
360.
TOLLY, Michael Barclay de, Russian
general, ill. 370; xvii. 217.
TOLLY'S NALA, canal, India, xxm.
673-
TOLO BAY, Celebes, V. 287.
TOLOCCAN (Toluca), town, Mexico,
xxm. 437.
TOLOMEI, Bernardo, founder of order of
Olivetans, xvii. 764.
, Claudio, Sienese bishop, diplo
matist, poet, and philologist, XXII. 43.
TOLOS A (Toulouse), ancient town, France,
XXlli. 485.
, town, Guipuzcoa, Spain, XI. 265.
TOLS, Sanskrit school at Nadiya, India,
xvii. 161.
TOLSTOI, Counts, Russian writers, xxi.
108.
TOLTECS, people of ancient Mexico, i.
686, 691, 705; xvi. 208; xxiv. 759.
TOLU, Balsam of, in. 293.
TOLUCA, town, Mexico, XXIII. 437;
xvi. 214.
TOLUENE, product of coal-tar distil
lation, xxm. 59.
TOLYPEUTES, genus of edentate mam
mals, xv. 387.
TOM, river, Siberia, xxm. 439.
, Mount, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
xv. 611; xxm. 795.
TOMAIKI BAY, Celebes, v. 287.
TOMAS, bishop of Strilngnas, Swedish
poet, XXII. 753.
TOMATO, vegetable, xn. 288.
TOMBS, Ancient American, II. 452;
Chinese, II. 449; ancient Egyptian,
II. 387; vii. 781; Etruscan, n. 414;
Etruscan rock-hewn, v. 215; Greek,
II. 412; Jewish, II. 393; Persian, n.
399; Pompeian, xix. 450; Roman,
n. 419; xx. 831.
OF THE CALIPHS, at Cairo, xvi.
865.
TOMEK, Vaclaff Vladivoj, Bohemian
historian, XXII. 153.
TOMI, ancient town, at mouth of
Danube, Ovid at, xvin. 80.
TOMICH, Pere, Catalan writer, xxn. 364.
TOMILLARES, regions, Spain, xxn. 297.
TOMINI BAY, Celebes, v. 287.
TOMINO, town, Spain, XIX. 455.
TOM JONES, Fielding's novel, vin. 430;
ix. 146.
TOMLINE, George Pretyman, Pitt's
tutor, xix. 135.
TOMLINE'S OBSERVATORY, Orwell Park,
England, xvii. 711.
TOMMASEO, Niccolo, on St Catherine of
Siena's letters, v. 232.
TOMMASI, Giugurta, Sienese historian,
xxn. 43.
TOMMYSHOPS, for supply of goods to
labourers, xiv. 172.
TOMPA, Mihaly, Hungarian poet, xxm.
437; xii. 378.
TOMSK, government, Siberia, xxm.
437; town, xxm. 439.
TOM THUMB, dwarf, vn. 568.
TOM-TOM, Indian drum, vn. 479.
TONATIUH, Mexican deity, xvi. 211.
TONBRIDGE, town, England, xxm. 606.
TONE, Theobald Wolfe, Irish leader,
xin. 271.
TONE-BLOCKS, for printing, xxm. 704.
TONEGAWA, river, Japan, xin. 572.
TONES, in music, i. 108; XVII. 78, 105.
— , of human voice, xxiv. 275.
TONGA, one of the Friendly Islands,
South Pacific, IX. 779; taboo system
in, xxm. 1 6.
TONGARIRO, mountain, New Zealand,
xvii. 466.
TONGA-TABU, island, Polynesia, ix.
779; xix. 428.
TONGE, Dr, his relations with Titus
Gates, xvii. 697.
ToNG-KiNG, French colony, Eastern
Asia, xxm. 439; vi. 93.
TONGUE, Anatomy of the, I. 895; sense
of taste in, xxm. 79; of apes, n. 165;
of mammals, xv. 361 ; of snakes,
xxn. 190.
TONIC SOL-FA SYSTEM, of musical
notation, xvii. 100.
TONK, state, India, xx. 260.
TONKA (or TONQUA) BEAN, xxm. 443;
in. 461.
TONLE-SAP, lake, Siam, xxi. 851.
TONNAGE, of ships, xxm. 442.
AND POUNDAGE, customs duties,
England, XXIII. 443; IX. 178.
TONNERRE, town, France, xxiv. 746.
TONNISTEIN, spa, Germany, xvi. 435.
TONOMETER, Scheibler's, xxm. 619.
TONQUA BEAN, xxm. 433; in. 461.
TONQUIN (Tong-King), French colony,
Eastern Asia, xxm. 439; vi. 93.
TONS, river, India, XXII. 98.
TONSILLITIS, disease, xxm. 320.
TONSILS, Anatomy of the, i. 837; vn.
222.
TONSURE, Roman Catholic rite, xxm.
443-
TONTI, Lorenzo, inventor of tontine
insurance, xxm. 444.
TONTINE, system of life insurance,
xxm. 444; ix. 181.
— ANNUITIES, State, xvn. 244.
TONTY, Henri de, French explorer, Xiv.
3i8.
TOOKE, John Home, English politician
and philologer, xxm. 444; on British
finance, ix. 188.
TOOLBRUNUP, mountain, Western Aus
tralia, xxiv. 507.
TOOLOON, Mosque of, at Cairo, Egypt,
n. 446.
TOOLS, their early use, vm. 617; hand,
XI. 436; machine, xv. 152; mining,
xvi. 444; turners', xiv. 324.
TOOMKOOR, district and town, India,
xxm. 606.
TOON, or Tun, town, Persia, xvm. 627.
TOON-GYEEN, river, Siam, xxi. 850.
TOORBUT HYDEREE (Turbat-i-Haidari),
town, Persia, xvm. 627.
TOORSHEEZ (Turshiz), district and town,
Persia, xvm. 627.
TOOTH, xxn. 107. See also Teeth.
POWDER, xvm. 526.
TOOTH-RASH, disease, xxn. 122.
Toov TANG, halls of ancestors, in
Chinese towns, n. 449.
TOPAZ, precious stone, xxm. 446; xvi.
385, 408; cairngorms so called, IV.
645.
TOPAZION, precious stone, xvm. 534.
TOPDAL ELV, river, Norway, xvn. 575.
TOPE, fish, xii. 685; xxi. 774.
TOPEKA, town, Kansas, U.S.A., xxm.
446.
TOPELIUS, Zakris, Finnish poet, xxn.
758.
TOPES, sacred edifices of India, n. 394.
TOPFFER, Rudolph, Swiss novelist,
xxn. 799.
TOPHET, of Scripture, XVI. 696.
TOPICS, Aristotle's work, II. 515.
TOPLADY, Augustus Montague, English
hymn-writer, xn. 594.
TOPLITZ, town and spa, Bohemia,
xxm. 183.
TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS, xv. 522.
TORAH, The, of Israel, xin. 398, 409;
XIX. 729; authorship of, XVIII. 513.
TORBANEHILL MINERAL, XVIII. 240.
TORBANITE, mineral, xvi. 429.
TORC, lake, Killarney, Ireland, XIV. 76.
XXV. - 56
442
T 0 R — T 0 U
TORCELLO, island, Venice, XXIII. 446;
basilican cathedral at, III. 418.
TORCH THISTLE, tree, Chili, v. 623.
TORELL, William, English sculptor,
XXI. 558.
TORF^EUS, Thormod, Icelandic historian,
xii. 626.
TORGAU, town, Prussia, xxm. 447;
battle of (1760), in. 129.
TORGHATTEN, island, Norway, xvn.
576.
TORGOCH, fish, XXI. 223.
TORGOD, Mongol tribe, IV. 710; xvi.
745, 749-
TORI BIO, St, Peruvian archbishop,
xvin. 675.
TORIES, English political party, vm.
35°. 353, 358, 359; xxiv. 540.
TORMASEFF, Russian general, XVII.
217.
TORMES, river, Spain, xxi. 203.
TORMOHAM, suburb of Torquay, Eng
land, xxin. 451.
TORNADOES, hurricanes, xvi. 129; in
North America, xxin. 807.
TORNATELLA, genus of Mollusca, xvi.
655.
TORONE, town, Macedonia, xv. 138.
TORONTO, town, Ontario, Canada, xxm.
447; climate of, iv. 771; university,
XXIII. 856.
TOROPETS, town, Russia, xx. 36.
TORPEDO, explosive apparatus, xxm.
449; xvn. 285.
, genus of fishes, xii. 649; XX. 299;
electricity in, vm. 3, 8; organs of
touch in, xxin. 478.
— BOAT, xvn. 285; xxin. 451.
TORQUATUS, Titus Manlius, Roman
consul, xv. 492.
, Titus Manlius Imperiosus, Roman
consul, XV. 492.
TORQUAY, town, England, xxm.
451.
TORQUEMADA, Juan de, cardinal,
learned Dominican, xxin. 452.
, Tomas de, inquisitor-general,
XXIII. 452; XIII. 93; his rules for
torture, xxin. 463.
TORRE ABBEY, at Torquay, England,
xxui. 451.
TORRE ANNUNZIATA, town, Italy,
xxin. 452.
TORRE DE CEREDO, mountain, Spain,
xxii. 294.
TORRE DEL GRECO, town, Italy, xxin.
452.
TORRELAVEGA, town, Spain, XXI. 297.
TORRENS, river, South Australia, xxii.
284.
— , Robert, English economist, XIX.
377-
TORRENT DUCK, bird, xvi. 36.
TORRES, Luis Vaez de, Spanish navi
gator, in. 103; x. 185.
STRAITS, between New Guinea and
Australia, xvn. 386; xx. 171.
TORRES VEDRAS, Portugal, Lines of,
vm. 563; ix. 431; xxiv. 495.
TORREY, John, American botanist,
xxin. 452.
TORRHEBUS, mythic king of Lydia,
xv. 99.
TORRIANI, Milanese ruling family, xvi.
293-
TORRICEI.LI, Evangelista, Italian phy
sicist and mathematician, XXIII. 452;
his experiments on air-pressure, xix.
241; his invention of the barometer.
in. 381; his law of velocities of fluids,
xii. 435.
TORRICELLIAN VACUUM, xxm. 453.
TORRID ZONE, in geography, x. 199.
TORRIGIANO, Pietro, Italian sculptor,
xxin. 453; xxi. 560.
TORRINGTON, Viscount (George Byng),
iv. 603.
TORROGE, Arnold de, grand-master of
Knights Templars, XXIII. 161.
TORSE, in geometry, xxn. 669.
TORSHA, river, India, xxn. 51.
TORSHOK, town, Russia, xxm. 454,
672.
TORSION, in physics, vn. 810; xxn.
605 ; in connexion with magnetization,
xv. 270.
BALANCES, in. 267; electric, vm.
1 8.
TORT, in law, xxin. 454; vi. 587; in
relation to partnership, XVIII. 331.
TORT-COL (Wryneck), Henry, duke of
Lancaster, xiv. 255.
TORTOISE, reptile, xxin. 455, olfactory
organs of, xxn. 166; classification of
the group, XX. 441, 445.
BEETLE, vi. 134.
TORTOISESHELL, XXIII. 460; combs
made of, vi. 178.
TORTOLA, island, West Indies, XXIV.
261.
TORTON, Peter, his longevity, xiv.
O rQ
050.
TORTONA, town, Italy, xxin. 460.
TORTOSA, town, Spain, XXIII. 460.
TORTRICID^:, family of snakes, xxn.
192.
TORTRIX PlLLERIANA, Vine pest, XXIV.
238.
TORTURE, Legal aspects of, xxin. 460;
in China, v. 669.
TORY ISLAND, Ireland, xin. 216.
TORY PARTY, in England, vni. 350,
353, 358; xxiv. 540.
TOSEPHTO, piece of Jewish literature,
xvi. 506.
TOSTIG, earl of Northumbria, vm. 290,
291; XL 485, 486.
TOTAL ABSTINENCE SOCIETIES, xxin.
159.
TOTANUS, genus of birds, XI. 173; xx.
317; xxi. 260.
TOTAPELAKANDA, mountain, Ceylon, v.
359-
TOTEMISM, XXIII. 467; XV. 91; XXI.
135; in relation to mythology, xvn.
144, 151; to names, xvn. 169.
TOTILA, Gothic king, xin. 797; xvn.
233-
TOTLEBEN, Eduard Ivanovich, Russian
general, xxin. 431.
TOTMA, town, Russia, xxiv. 283.
TOTNESS, Earl of, writer on Ireland, v.
101.
TOTO, leader of a revolt at Rome, xx.
786.
TOTTEL'S MISCELLANY, xxn. 695.
TOTTENHAM, suburb of London, xxin.
476.
TOUCAN, bird, xxin. 476.
TOUCH, Sense of, xxm. 478; xi. 554;
nerves of, in man, I. 897; organs of,
In fishes, xn. 653; in mammals, xv,
367, 407-
-, of minerals, xvi. 379.
TOUCHSTONE, xvi. 389.
TOUCOULEURS, Negro race, Senegambia.
XXI. 662.
TOUGHENED GLASS, Manufacture of, x.
666.
TOUL, town, France, XXIII 483.
TOULON, town, France, xxin. 483.
TOULOUSE, ancient county, France, Xiv.
287; list of counts, xxin. 486.
•, town, France, xxin. 484; academy
of floral games at, I. 69; observatory,
xvn. 712; university, xxin. 838.
TOUNG-NGU, district and town, Burmah,
xxin. 486.
TOUQUES, river, France, XVIII. i.
TOUR, Cagnard de la, his syren, i.
109.
, Jacques de la, abbot of La Trappe,
xxin. 524.
, Maurice Quentin de la, French
pastel painter, xxi II. 486.
TOURACO, bird, XXIII. 487.
TOURBILLION, in pyrotechny, XX.
136-
TOURCOING, town, France, xxin.
488.
TOURGUENIEFF, Ivan, Russian novelist,
xxin. 488; xxi. 108.
TOURMALINE, mineral, x. 228; xvi.
409; electric properties of, vm. 8, 99;
polarity of, XIX. 313.
TOURNAI, town, Belgium, XXIII. 488.
TOURNAMENTS, medieval combats,
xxm. 489 ; Eglinton tournament
(1839), vii. 699.
TOURNAY, town, Belgium, XXIII. 488.
TOURNEBOUT, musical instrument,
xxin. 489.
T'OURNEFORT, Joseph Pitton de, French
botanist, xxm. 490; his classification
of plants, iv. 79.
TOURNEUR, Cyril, English tragic poet,
xxm. 490.
TOURNIQUET, surgical instrument, xxn.
676.
TOURS, town, France, xxm. 491 ; defeat
of Saracens near (732), v. 428.
T 0 U — T R A
443
Tous-LES-Mois, variety of arrowroot,
ii. 631.
TOUSOON BEG, his expedition against
the Wahhabees, n. 261; vn. 764.
TOUSSAINT LOUVERTURE, Pierre Domi
nique, Haytian liberator, xxin. 492;
xi. 545; xxn. 140.
TOUZLA, river, Turkey in Asia, xxill.
578.
Tovi, Danish thane, xxiv. 340.
Tow, of tlax, ix. 298; XIV. 665.
TOWER, in architecture, n. 474.
— , The, London, xiv. 839, 843.
, Beauchamp, his spherical steam-
engine, XXII. 516.
HAMLETS, district, London, xiv.
821.
— OF BABEL, Legends of, in. 179.
TOWERS, Round, xxi. 22; of Ireland,
n. 429; at Abernethy, Scotland, I.
46.
TOWEYK, mountains, Arabia, II. 239.
TOWN, TOWNS, iv. 62; v. 796; xvn.
27; American, xxill. 731, 827;
English, growth of, vill. 276, 303.
TOWNELEY PLAYS, early English collec
tion, vii. 414.
TOWN-MOOT, Saxon, xvm. 302.
TOWNSHEND, Second Viscount, English
statesman, xxni. 492.
, Charles, English politician, XXIII.
493-
TOWNSHEND'S ACTS (1767), English,
xxin. 738.
TOWNSHIP, Legal theory of the, xiv.
365; in relation to parish, XVlll. 295;
American, XXIII. 731, 827; English,
vni. 273.
TOW-PATH, by canals, iv. 785.
TOWTON, England, Battle of (1461),
vii. 685; xxiv. 381.
TOWYN, town, Wales, xvi. 39.
TOYNBEE, Arnold, English economist,
xix. 399.
Toxic DISEASES, xvm. 406.
TOXICOLOGY, branch of medicine, xv.
796; xix. 275.
TOXOPHILITE SOCIETY, The Royal, n.
375-
TRABISONDA, Italian poem, xx. 653.
TRACERY, in architecture, n. 475.
TRACHEA, respiratory organ, xx. 475;
in relation to the voice, xxiv. 273; of
mammals, xv. 365.
TRACHEATA, class of Arthropoda, xvn.
116.
TRACHELIA, group of beetles, vi. 133.
TRACKING, Sophocles's drama, xxn.
273-
TRACHINUS, genus of fishes, xxiv. 477.
TRACHIS, town, ancient Greece, xxm.
494-
TRACHOMEDUSJE, order of Hydrozoa,
xii. 562.
TRACHONITIS, province, Bashan, in.
410.
TRACHYLITE, rock, x. 235.
TRACHYPTERID/E, family of fishes, xvn.
694.
TRACHYPTERUS, genus of fishes, xx.
53i-
TRACHYSTOMATA, genus of Amphibia,
xxn. 97.
TRACHYTE, rock, x. 234.
TRACTARIANISM, in Church of England,
vni. 378; xx. 117; Keble's relation
to, xiv. 25.
TRACTATES, Early controversial, xvm.
204.
TRACTION, on railways, xx. 246; on
tramways, xxin. 507.
, Effect of, on magnetization, xv.
269.
, Electric, XXIII. 494.
ENGINES, xxn. 522.
TRACTS, xvin. 204.
- FOR THE TIMES, xiv. 25; xx. 117.
TRACT SOCIETIES, xxin. 494.
TRACY, Antoine Louis Claude Destutt,
Comte de, French philosopher, XXIII.
497-
TRADE, or Commerce, VI. 196; balance
of, xix. 354; international, xxiv. 51,
Sir Dudley North's paradoxes on,
xvn. 555; commercial societies, xxn.
227.
— , Board of, English, xxin. 497; its
early restrictions on American indus
tries, xxill. 733, 736.
— CORPORATIONS, Monopolies of, n.
213.
— COUNCILS, xxin. 501.
TRADE-GUILDS, xi. 261.
TRADE MARKS, xxin. 498.
TRADESCANT, John, founder of museum,
Oxford, xvin. 95; his collection of
rarities, XI. 338.
TRADESMEN, in relation to labour, xiv.
1 66.
TRADE UNIONS, xxin. 499; vi. 181;
rise of, II. 213; effect of, on wages,
xxiv. 311; in relation to tariff protec
tion, IX. 759; in United States, XXIII.
786.
TRADE-WINDS, The, xvi. 143; their in
fluence on climate of America, I. 675.
TRADING-COMPANIES, Acts dealing
with, vi. 222.
TRADITION, in relation to history, xn.
19.
TRAFALGAR, Spain, Battle of (1805), vi.
146; vni. 363; ix. 615; xvn. 323.
TRAGACANTH, gum, XL 275.
TRAGEDY, vn. 395.
TRAGULINA, group of ungulate mam
mals, xv. 430.
TRAINED BANDS, of London, xxiv. 293.
TRAINING, Physical, XL 348; diet for,
vii. 203; of horses, XII. 188.
WALLS, of rivers, xx. 577.
TRAIN OF IDEAS, in psychology, xx.
62; n. 730.
TRAIN OIL, xxiv. 529.
TRAINS, of mechanism, xv. 762.
TRAINS, Railway, xx. 246.
TRAJAN (Marcus Ulpius Traianus),
Roman emperor, XXlll. 502; XX. 772;
colleague of emperor Nerva, XVII.
353; his conquests in Armenia and
Parthia, xvin. 603; his relations with
Pliny the Younger, xix. 226; arch of,
at Benevento, in. 561; basilica of, at
Rome, III. 413; bridge of, across the
Danube, iv. 329; column of, at Rome,
xx. 827; wall of, in Bessarabia, in.
615.
TRAJECTORY, of projectiles, xi. 301.
TRAKEHNEN, Prussia, Government stud
at, xx. 20.
TRALEE, town, Ireland, xxin. 505.
TRALLIANUS, Alexander, Byzantine
physician, XV. 804.
TRAMORE, town, Ireland, xxiv. 401.
TRAMWAY, xxin. 506; electric, xxin.
495, 508; locomotive engines for,
XXII. 522; early tramroads, XX. 223.
TRANCE, xv. 277; xxn. 154.
TRANI, town, Italy, xxin. 509.
TRANQUEBAR, town, India, xxin. 509.
TRANS-ALAI MOUNTAINS, Turkestan,
xxin. 633.
TRANSBAIKALIA, province, Siberia,
xxin. 509.
TRANSCASPIAN REGION, Russia, xxin.
511.
TRANSCAUCASIA, Russia, xxin. 513.
TRANSCENDENTALISM, its affinity with
mysticism, xvn. 135; Kant on, XIII.
853-
TRANSCENDENTALPHILOSOPHIEjSchel-
lingX XXI. 393.
TRANSEPT, in architecture, 1 1. 475.
TRANSFER PAPER, Lithographic, xiv.
698.
TRANSFORMATION, Animal, xv. 91.
TRANSIT CIRCLE, astronomical instru
ment, xxin. 515, 146.
TRANSIT INSTRUMENTS, n. 766 ; x.
165; XXII. 719; XXin. 146, 515; Roo
mer's invention of, XX. 620.
TRANSITS, of Venus, n. 791, 796; xvin.
247; stellar, n. 766.
TRANSKEI (Kafir-aria), territory, South
Africa, xin. 816.
TRANSMIGRATION OF SOULS, xv. 91;
XVI. 1 06; Pythagorean doctrine of,
xx. 139. Compare Metempsychosis
and Soul.
TRANSOM, in architecture, n. 475.
TRANSOXIANA, region, Central Asia,
xvin. 101; Timur's rule in, XXIII.
399-
TRANSPIRATION, in plants, xix. 46.
TRANSPLANTING, in horticulture, xn.
214, 239.
TRANSPORT, Military, xxiv. 349; trans
port service of British army, II. 582.
TRANSPORTATION, of convicts, xix. 748,
750; to Siberia, xxn. 10.
TRANSUBSTANTI ATION, Eucharistic doc
trine, vill. 653; opposed by Beren-
444
T R A — T E I
garius, ill. 585; Luther's views on,
xv. 81.
TRANSVAAL, country, South Africa,
xxm. 516; i. 270.
TRANSVERSE FLUTE, xxm. 519.
TRANSYLVANIA, principality, Austria-
Hungary, XXIII. 521; XII. 361; con
quest of, by Walachia, xxi. 17 ;
Unitarianism in, xxm. 725.
TRAP, for drain, iv. 467; for water-pipe,
xxi. 714.
TRAPANI, town, Sicily, xxm. 522.
TRAPASSI, Pietro (Metastasio), Italian
dramatist and poet, xin. 513; xvi.
103.
TRAPEZIUMS, Mensuration of, xvi. 1 5.
TRAPEZUS (Trebizond), town, Asia
Minor, xix. 459; xxm. 533.
TRAPPISTS, monastic order, xxm. 522.
TRAQUAIR CASTLE, Peeblesshire, Scot
land, xvin. 452.
TRASIMENE, Lake, Italy, xin. 440;
battle of (217 B.C.), XL 442.
TRAS-OS-MONTES, province, Portugal,
xxm. 525.
TRASTAMARA, Henry of, king of Castile,
xiv. 255.
TRAUSNITZ, Castle of, Bavaria, xiv. 281.
TRAVANCORE, state, India, xxm. 525.
TRAVELLER, The, Goldsmith's poem,
x. 762.
TRAVELLER'S SONG, Anglo-Saxon poem,
viii. 403.
TRAVELLER'S TREE, in Madagascar, xv.
170.
TRAVEMUNDE, dependency of Liibeck,
Germany, xv. 33.
TRAVERS, Anne, mistress of Edward
III. of England, vn. 684.
, W. T. L., on New Zealand birds,
xvii. 469.
, Val de, Neuehatel, Switzerland,
xvii. 361; asphalt of, n. 716.
TRAVERSES, in fortification, ix. 445.
TRAVERSE TABLE, in. navigation, xvii.
264.
TRAVERSING, as basis for survey, xxn.
705.
TRAVERTINE, Roman building stone,
xx. 808.
TRAWLING, mode of fishing, ix. 246.
TRAYLE, or Vignette, in architecture, n.
475-
TREADLE, of loom, xxiv. 464; ancient,
xxm. 206.
TREAD-MlLL, or Treadwheel, in prison
discipline, XIX. 755; its invention by
Cubitt, VI. 683.
TREASON, in law, xxm. 525; vi. 588;
in United States, xxm. 751.
TREASURER, Lord High, of Great
Britain, xxn. 458.
TREASURE-TROVE, Law relating to,
xxm. 530.
TREASURY, English state department,
xxii. 458.
TREAT, Captain Robert, early settler,
Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A., xvii.
37i-
TREATIES, contracts between states,
xxm. 530.
TREBBIA, river, Italy, xm. 436; battle
of (218 B.C.), xx. 749.
TREBELLIUS POLLIO, Augustan his
torian, in. 74.
TREBIZOND, town, Turkey in Asia,
xxm. 533; province, xxm. 653.
, Empire of, xxm. 533.
TREDEGAR, town, England, xxm. 534.
TREDIAKOVSKI, Basil, Russian poet,
xxi. 106.
TREE-CREEPER, bird, xxm. 534.
TREE-FERN, xxm. 534; ix. 102.
TREE-FROG, ix. 795, 797.
TREE OF LIFE, of paradise, i. 137, 138.
TREE OF LIFE, arbor vitae, n. 313.
TREES, in forestry, IX. 397; culture of,
II. 314, 321; garden, XII. 260; large,
in California, iv. 704; xxi. 673; xxm.
809; large, in Victoria, xxiv. 217.
TREE SNAKES, xxn. 195.
TREGELLES, Samuel Prideaux, English
New Testament scholar, xxm. 535.
TRELAWNY, Captain Edward John,
friend of Shelley, xxi. 792.
TREMAREC, Kerguelen, French navi
gator, xiv. 49.
TREMATODA, division of worms, xxm.
535; their relation to tape-worms,
xxm. 54; parasitic forms, xvm. 259.
TREMBECKI, Stanislaus, Polish poet,
xix. 303.
TREMBLEY, Abraham, Swiss naturalist,
xxiv. 806.
TREMELAI, Bernard de, master of
Knights Templars, xxm. 160.
TREMELLINI, suborder of Fungi, IX.
832.
TREMIL/E, ancient tribe, Asia Minor,
xv. 92.
TREMITI ISLANDS, Italy, xm. 441.
TREMOLITE, mineral, xvi. 417.
TREMOLOPHONE, Girard's, musical in
strument, x. 620.
TREMONT, peninsula, site of Boston,
Massachusetts, U.S.A., iv. 72.
TRENCH, Richard Chenevix, archbishop
of Dublin, XX 1 1 1. 540.
TRENCHES, in fortification, ix. 430.
TRENCHING, of land, i. 335.
TRENCK, Franz, Baron von der, Austrian
commander, xxm. 541.
, Friedrich, Freiherr von der,
German adventurer, xxm. 542.
TRENDELENBURG, Friedrich Adolf,
German philosopher, xxm. 542; on
the categories, v. 225.
TRENT, river, England, xvii. 598.
— , town, Austria, XXI 1 1. 543.
— , Council of (1545-62), XXIII. 543;
v. 416; XIX. 153, 504; decrees and
canons of, VI. 564; Pallavicini's History
of, xvm. 189; Sarpi's History of, XXI.
312.
TRENT AFFAIR, between England and
United States, xxm. 775 ; Lincoln's
part in, xiv. 66 1.
TRENTON, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.,
xxm. 552; battle of (1776), xxm.
743-
- FALLS, New York, U.S.A., xvii.
451.
TRENT RIVER CANAL, Canada, xxi.
i So.
TREPANG, or Tripang, edible echino-
derin, ill. 477; vil. 639; fisheries,
IX. 268.
TREPHINING, in surgery, xxii. 689.
TRESCHOW, Niels, Norse philosopher,
xvii. 590.
TRESCO, one of the Scilly Isles, England,
xxi. 465.
TRESPASS, in law, xxm. 552.
"PRESSURE, in heraldry, xi. 697.
TRETENTERATA, group of Brachiopoda,
iv. 189, 194.
TRETUM, promontory, Numidia, xvn.
627.
TREUGA DEI, or Truce of God, xxm.
590; ix. 537.
TREVES, town, Rhenish Prussia, xxm.
552; university, XXIII. 842.
TREVIRANUS, Gottfried Reinhold,
German naturalist, xxm. 553 ; on
evolution, vm. 748.
TREVISOJ town, Italy, xxm. 554; uni
versity, xxm. 837.
TREVITHICK, Richard, improver of
steam-engine, xxm. 554; xxii. 476.
TRIADS, The, in Welsh literature, v.
316-
TRIAL, in law, xxm. 555.
TRIALOGUS, Wycliffe's work, xxiv. 711.
TRIANGLES, Measurement of, xxm.
561; xvi. 14; geometrical relations of,
x. 377-
TRIANGULAR NUMBERS, Tables of,
xxm. 8.
TRIANGULATION, in geodesy, vn. 597,
599; x. 163, 167; XV. 522; in survey
ing, xxn. 697.
TRIANONS, pavilions, Versailles, France,
xxiv. 177.
TRIASSIC ROCKS, in geology, x. 352.
TRIBE, TRIBES, among primitive races,
IX.' 20; grouping in, vm. 619; Irish
and Gaelic, v. 799.
TRIBES OF ISRAEL, Settlement of the,
xvm. 512.
TRIBONIAN, Roman jurist, xxm. 555;
xm. 793.
TRIBONYX, genus of birds, xvi. 808.
TRIBOULET, French jester, ix. 367.
TRIBUNATE, Roman, xx. 736, 771.
TRIBUNE, Roman public officer, xxm.
556.
TRIBUTE, in state finance, ix. 171.
TRICAMARUM, near Carthage, North
Africa, Battle of (533), xxiv. 59.
TRICHECHUS, genus of carnivorous
mammals, xv. 443; xxiv. 337.
T K, I — T R O
445
TRICHINA, genus of nematode worms,
xvii. 325; xviii. 270; xxiv. 206.
TRICHINOPOLI, district and town, India,
xxin. 559.
TRICHINOSIS, disease, xvm. 270; in
the pig, xxiv. 206.
TRICHOCEPHALUS, genus of nematode
worms, xvii. 325; xxiv. 206.
TRICHOMES, epidermal appendages of
plants, iv. 90.
TRICHOPTERA, group of insects, xin.
151.
TRICHOSOMA, genus of nematode worms,
xvii. 325.
TRICHYS, genus of rodent mammals,
xix. 518.
TRICKS, in white magic, xv. 207.
TRICLADIDA, tribe of planarian worms,
xix. 171, 174.
TRICLASITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
TRICOLOR, French flag, ix. 279, 598.
TRICONODON, fossil mammal, xv.
376.
TRICOUPIS, Spiridion, Greek historian,
XL 152.
TRIC-TRAC, game, in. 199.
TRICYCLE, xxin. 559.
TRIDENTINI, Rluetian people, xx. 505.
TRIDENTUM (Trent), ancient town,
Austria, XXIII. 543.
TRIDYMITE, mineral, xvi. 389; xxn.
53-
TRIER (Treves, q.r.), town, Rhenish
Prussia, xxm. 552.
TRIERS, Puritan ecclesiastical examiners,
vin. 378.
TRIESTE, town, Austria-Hungary, xxin.
560; in. 121.
TRIEWALD, Samuel von, Swedish
satirist, xxn. 755.
TRIFELS, castle, Bavaria, prison of
Richard Coeur de Lion, II. 147.
TRIFORIUM, in architecture, n. 475.
TRIGGER-FISH, ix. 161.
TRIGLA, genus of fishes, xi. 332.
TRIGLYPH, in architecture, n. 475, 403.
TRIGONELLA, genus of herbs, ix. 76.
TRIGONOCEPHALUS, genus of snakes,
xxii. 199.
TRIGONOMETRICAL SURVEY, of India,
xxn. 696; x. 163.
TRIGONOMETRICAL TABLES, xxin. 9.
TRIGONOMETRY, in mathematics, xxin.
561; use of, in surveying, xxn. 696;
Hipparchus and Ptolemy's discoveries
in, xx. 87.
TRILOBITE, crustacean, vi. 659.
TRIM, town, Ireland, xv. 669; Irish
parliament at, XIII. 261.
TRIMERA, group of insects, vi. 134; xin.
150.
TRIMERELLID^E, family of Brachiopoda,
iv. 194.
TRIMERESURUS, genus of snakes, xxn.
199.
TRIMONTIUM (Philippopolis), Roman
town, Thrace, xvm. 753.
TRIMOUNTAINE, former name of Boston,
Massachusetts, U.S.A., IV. 72.
TRINCOMALEE, town, Ceylon, xxin.
573-
TRINGA, genus of birds, xiv. 129; xxi.
260.
TRINGGANU, district, Malay Peninsula,
xv. 322.
TRINIDAD, island, West Indies, xxin.
573; asphalt lake in, II. 715; birds
of, in. 747.
TRINITARIANS, religious order, xxin.
574-
TRINITY, Doctrine of the, xxin. 239,
248; in Taoism, xiv. 297.
— , Clarke's Scripture Doctrine of, v.
811.
TRISTAN, romance, xx. 644, 647.
DA CUNHA, islands, South Atlantic,
xxin. 576; in. 18.
— UND ISOLDE, Wagner's opera, xxiv.
— COLLEGE, Cambridge, iv. 730;
Bentley's reforms in, in. 579.
— COLLEGE, Dublin, vn. 498.
— COLLEGE, Oxford, xvm. 97.
— HALL, Cambridge, iv. 731.
— HOUSE, English corporation, XXin.
574; xiv. 831.
SUNDAY, xxin. 574.
TRIOLEIN, glyceride, x. 697; xvn. 740.
TRIOLETS, form of verse, in early French
literature, ix. 644.
TRIONYCHID^E, family of chelonian
reptiles, XXIII. 457.
TRIONYX, genus of turtles, xxin. 457,
459-
TRIPALMITIN, glyceride, xvn. 740.
TRIPANG, or Trepang, edible echino-
dcrm, in. 477; vn. 639; fisheries, IX.
268.
TRIPE DE ROCHE, lichen, xiv. 560.
TRIPHYLIA, ancient state, Greece, xvn.
766.
TRIPHYLITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
TRIPHYLLINE, mineral, xiv. 697.
TRIPLE ALLIANCE, The (1668), ix. 576.
TRIPLE TRADITION, of the Gospels, x.
792.
TRIPLITE, mineral, xvi. 407.
TRIPLOIDITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
TRIPODS, Street of, at Athens, in. 7.
TRIPOLI, state, North Africa, XXIII.
574; 1.265; conquest of, by the Turks,
xxin. 643; Jews in, xin. 687; town,
xxin. 575; i. 265.
— , town, Syria, XXin. 576.
TRIPOLITZA, town, Greece, xxin. 576.
TRIPOS LIST, Cambridge, vin. 778.
TRIPPKEITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
TRIPTOLEMUS, Sophocles's drama, xxn.
272.
TRIPTYCHS, three-leaved writing tablets,
vn. 257; inscribed, xvin. 143.
TRIREME, ancient ship, xxi. 806.
TRISAGION, doxology, vn. 384.
TRISMEGISTUS, Hermes, of Egyptian
mythology and Greek literature, XI.
750.
TRISMUS, or Lockjaw, xxin. 200.
TRISSINO, Gian Giorgio, Italian poet,
xin. 509.
UND ISOLT, Gottfried's poem, x.
854.
TRISTEARIN, glyceride, x. 697; xvn.
740.
TRISTOME^E, family of trematode
worms, xxin. 539.
TRISTRAM, or Tristan, romance, xx.
644, 647.
, Henry Baker, on birds, XVin. 33.
SHANDY, Sterne's book, xxn. 542.
TRITHEMIUS, John, writer on crypto
graphy, VI. 669.
TRITHIONIC ACID, v. 507.
TRITICUM, genus of plants, xxiv. 531.
TRITOGENEA, epithet of Athena, n.
830.
TRITOMITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
TRITON, genus of reptiles, xxin. 577;
I. 768; its similarity to the siredon,
xxn. 96.
— , genus of Mollusca, xvi. 650.
TRITONIS, epithet of Athena, n. 830.
TRIUMPH, Roman public honour, xxin.
577-
TRIUMPHAL ARCHES, at Rome, n. 419;
xx. 830.
TRIUMPH OF LIFE, Shelley's poem, xxi.
794-
TRIUMPILINI, Rhretian people, xx. 505.
TRIUMVIRI, or Triumvirate, Roman, n.
141; in. 79; xx. 765, 768.
TRIVANDRUM, town, India, xxin. 577;
observatory at, xvn. 716.
TRIVIUM, mediaeval academic course,
xx. 515.
TROAD, district, Asia Minor, xxin. 577;
xvn. 122; coins of, xvn. 646.
TROADES, Euripides's play, vin. 676.
TROCEDORFIUS, Valentin Friedland,
German teacher, xxin. 588.
TROCHILID^:, family of birds, XII. 357.
TROCHU, Louis Jules, French general,
ix. 627.
TROCMI, ancient tribe, Asia Minor, x. 1 8.
TROGERITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
TROGLODYTES, ancient cave-dwellers,
xxin. 583.
— , genus of apes, n. 149.
— , genus of birds, xxiv. 688.
TROGON, bird, xxin. 583; xx. 179.
TROGOSITA MAURITANICA, Avheat pest,
xxiv. 536.
TROGULIDES, family of arachnids, n.
279.
TROGUS, Ciweus Pompeius, Roman his
torian, xxin. 584; xin. 791.
TROIA, ancient town, Portugal, XXI.
697.
TROILUS AND CRESSIDA, romance, xx.
639-
TROILUS AND CRESSIDA, Shakespeare's
play, xxi. 764.
446
T R 0 — T S U
TROITSK, monastery, Russia, xxi. 676.
, town, Russia, xxm. 584 ; xvn.
826; xviii. 515.
TROITZE-SERGHIEVSK, town, Russia,
xxi. 675.
TROKI, town, Russia, xxiv. 234.
TROLLHATTAN, waterfall, Sweden, xxn.
737-
TROLLOPE, Anthony, English novelist,
xxm. 585.
, Frances, English authoress, xxm.
585.
TROMBIDIID^:, or Trombidicles, family
of mites, II. 276; xvi. 528.
TROMBONE, musical instrument, xxm.
586.
TROMLITZ, George, improver of Ger
man flute, XXIII. 520.
TROMOEN, island, Norway, xvn. 576.
TROMP, Cornelius, Dutch admiral, xxm.
588.
, Martin Harpertzoon, Dutch ad
miral, xxm. 587; xn. 80; his naval
action with Blake, in. 804.
TROMPE, water blowing engine, in.
551-
TROMSO, town, Norway, xxm. 588.
TRONA, mineral, xvi. 399.
TRONDHJEM, town, Norway, xxm.
321.
TROODOS, Mount, Cyprus, vi. 747.
TROON, town, Scotland, in. 163.
TROOP HORSE, xn. 191.
TROOSTITE, mineral, xvi. 411.
TROPARION, in Greek hymnody, xn.
580.
TROPHONIUS, Oracle of, in Greece, xvn.
808.
TROPIC-BIRD, xxm. 588.
TROPICS, or Solstices, n. 770; x. 199.
TROPIDONOTUS, genus of snakes, xxn.
194.
TROPIDORHYNCHUS, genus of birds,
xvn. 844; mimicry in, xvi. 341.
TROPPAU, town, Austria, XXin. 588;
congress of (1820), XVI. 201; district,
xxn. 53.
TROTMAN'S ANCHOR, n. 6.
TROTMUNDE (Dortmund), town, Ger
many, vn. 374.
TROTTING, horse racing, xn. 203,
204.
TROTULA, female physician, Middle
Ages, xv. 806.
TROTZENDORF, Valentin Friedland,
German teacher, xxm. 588.
TROUBADOURS, mediaeval minstrels, vn.
413; xvi. 479; xvn. 83; xix. 873;
XX. 642; poetry of, Xix. 873; early
French, IX. 646; in Portugal, xix.
555-
TROUGHTON, Edward, English instru
ment maker, xxm. 589 ; his filar
micrometer, XVI. 243; his method of
graduating scales, XI. 28.
TROU MADAME, bagatelle game, in.
230.
TROUS-DE-LOUP, in fortification, IX.
424.
TROUSERS, worn by Roman soldiers,
vi. 457.
TROUT, fish, xn. 693; xxi. 221, 225;
angling for, 1 1. 41.
TROUVILLE, town, France, xxm. 589.
TROVER, in law, xxm. 589.
TROWBRIDGE, town, England, xxm.
589.
TROY, ancient town, Asia Minor, xxm.
577; coins of, xvn. 646; of the Iliad,
xn. 117; Schliemann's researches, n.
341-
— , town, New York, U.S.A., xxm.
590.
— , West, town, New York, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 517.
— , Legend of, romance, xx. 637.
, Jean Francois de, French painter,
xxm. 590.
TROVES, town, France, xxm. 590 ;
treaty of (1420), vin. 320; IX. 549;
libraries, XIV. 526, 546.
TROY WEIGHT, n. 533.
TRUBTCHEVSK, town, Russia, xvn. 826.
TRUCE, Military, xxm. 531.
— OF GOD, xxm. 590; ix. 537.
TRUCHAS, mountain, New Mexico,
U.S.A., xvn. 399.
TRUCKEE, river and lake, Nevada,
U.S.A., xvn. 367.
TRUCKS, Railway, xx. 247.
TRUCK SYSTEM, of wages payments,
xiv. 172.
TRUE DISCOURSE, Celsus's work, v.
295.
TRUE HISTORY, Lucian's, xv. 43.
TRUE INTELLECTUAL SYSTEM, Cud-
worth's work, vi. 689.
TRUFFLE, edible fungus, xxm. 591.
TRUJILLO, or Truxillo, town, Peru,
xvin. 674.
TRUMBULL, distinguished American
family, XXin. 592.
, John, American writer, xxm.
592; I. 722.
TRUMP, old card game, xxiv. 543.
TRUMPET, musical instrument, xxm.
592.
— , Organ, XVII. 830.
— , Speaking and Hearing, xxm. 594.
TRUMPETER, or Trumpet-Bird, xxm.
594-
TRUNDLES, in mechanics, xv. 759.
TRUNK-HOSE, in mediaeval costume,
vi. 471.
TRURO, town, England, xxm. 595.
TRUSS, in surgery, xi. 753.
TRUSSES, in bridge-building, IV. 315,
321.
TRUST, in law, xxm. 595.
— ASSOCIATIONS, in. 328.
TRUSTEE, in law, xxm. 597.
TRUTH, Cartesian criterion of, v. 143;
Condillac's, VI. 250; scholastic theory
of the twofold nature of, xxi. 382,
431. See also articles Belief and
Scepticism.
TRUTHS, The Four Great, of Buddhism,
iv. 428.
TRUVOR, Russian chief, xxi. 87.
TRUXILLO, town, Honduras, xn. 130.
, town, Peru, xvin. 674.
TRYGON, genus of fishes, xx. 299.
TRYOLITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
TRYON, William, governor of North
Carolina, U.S.A., xvn. 562 ,- xxm.
739-
TRYPHO, Syrian usurper, xm. 423.
, the Jew, Justin Martyr's dialogue
with, xm. 790.
TRYPOGRAPH, for manifold writing,
xxiv. 698.
TRYPSIN, alimentary secretion, xvn.
671; xix. 18.
TRYPSINOGEN, alimentary secretion,
xix. 18.
TSANA, Lake, Abyssinia, xvn. 507.
TSAR, or Czar, title,,xxi. 92.
TSARITSYN, town, Russia, xxm. 600;
xxi. 305.
TSARITZYNO PARK, Moscow, Russia,
xvi. 859.
TSARSKOYE SELO, town, Russia, xxm.
600; xxi. 194.
TSCHENSTOCHOW (Czenstochova), Old
and New, towns, Poland, vi. 754.
TSCHEWKINITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
TSCHUDI, distinguished Swiss family,
xxm. 601.
— , Giles, or vEgidins, Swiss historian,
xxm. 600; xxn. 797.
-, John Henry, Swiss historian,
xxm. 601; xxn. 798.
, John James, Swiss family historian,
xxm. 601; xxn. 798.
TSE-NAN FOO, town, China, XXIII. 601;
v. 633.
TSERCLAES, Johann, count of Tilly,
imperial general, xxm. 391; in. 125;
x. 500.
TSETSE FLY, xxm. 601, 518; i. 260;
vii. 256.
TSE-WANG ARABTAN, Kalmuk khan,
xvi. 746.
TSHAKA, or Chaka, Zulu chief, xxiv.
828; xvn. 242.
TSHAKONES, Greek race, XL 84.
TSHI, tribe and language, Gold Coast,
Africa, x. 756.
TSIRIBIHINA, river, Madagascar, xv.
169.
TSI-TSI-HAR, province, Manchuria, xv.
466.
TSIT-TOUNG, river, Burmah, xxi. 849;
xxm. 486.
TSIU-TSUAN-TSIUN, town, China, xxn.
617.
TSNA, river, Russia, xxi. 115; xxiv.
279.
TSONGKAPA, Buddhist reformer, xiv.
229.
TSUGARU STRAITS, Japan, xm. 570.
T S U — T U P
TSUSHIMA, island, Japan, xin. 569.
Tu, region, North Central Africa, xxill.
334-
TUAM, town, Ireland, XXIII. 601; X.
56.
TUAMOTU ARCHIPELAGO, group of
coral islands, South Pacific, xxill.
602, 22.
TUARICKS, or Tuaregs, race of people,
North Africa, I. 261, 268; XXI. 151.
TUAT, oasis, Africa, xvil. 695.
DE DANANN, early Irish tribe,
. 299; in Irish legend, XIII. 243.
TUATHAL, Irish king, XIII. 245.
TUBA, Eoman trumpet, xxm. 592.
TUBAL-CAIN, of Scripture, xiv. 238.
TUBBUS, or Tabas, town, Persia, xvm.
627.
TUBE-MAKING, of brass, iv. 218.
TUBER, of plants, xix. 593; xx. 423.
, genus of Fungi, XXIII. 591.
TUBERACE/E, suborder of Fungi, IX.
834-
TUBERCULAR DISEASE, xvm. 405,
855-
TUBERCULOSIS, cattle disease, xxiv.
204.
TUBEROSE, plant, xxm. 602.
TUBILUSTRIA, Roman festival, xxiv.
301.
TUBINARES, group of birds, XVIII. 45,
712.
TUBINGEN, town, Wiirtemberg, xxm.
602; library, Xiv. 547; university,
xxm. 842.
— SCHOOL, Modern, of theology, in.
447; their criticism of the Acts, I. 127;
their theory of the Gospels, ill. 643.
TUBULARIA, genus of Hydrozoa, XI I.
547-
TUBUS (Tibbus), nomad race, North
Africa, XXIII. 334; I. 261, 268; XVIII.
318, 319; XXII. 278.
TUCKER, Abraham, English moralist,
xxm. 603.
, H. H., on the morality of Negroes,
xvn. 317.
-, Josiah, dean of Gloucester, political
economist, xxm. 604; xix. 365.
TUCKERMANN, Henry T., American
essayist, I. 724.
TUCKERNUCK, island, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., xvii. 174.
TUCKER'S LOCKS, xiv. 747.
TUCKEY, James Kingston, explorer of
the river Congo, I. 246; x. 192.
Tuco-Tuco, rodent mammal, xvm.
353-
TUCSON, town, Arizona, U.S.A., xxm.
604.
TUCUMAN, town, Argentine Republic,
xxm. 604.
TUDELA, town, Spain, xxm. 604.
TUDER (Todi), ancient town, Italy,
xxm. 724.
TUDMIR (Palmyra), town, Asiatic
Turkey, xvm. 198.
TUDOR, House of, English dynasty, V.
237; XI. 662; Xiv. 257.
— , Edmund, Tomb of, xxi. 160.
, Owen, ancestor of House of Tudor,
v. 237; vm. 328.
TUFF, or Tufa, volcanic stone, X. 239;
as building material in ancient Rome,
XX. 808.
TUFFER, spa, Styria, Austria, xxil. 614.
TUGENDBUND, Prussian association, xx.
1 1.
TUGGARAH, Lake, New South Wales,
xvn. 408.
TUGHLAK, Mahommed, sovereign of
Delhi, India, XII. 608, 793.
— TIMUR, of Kashgar, xxm. 399.
Tui, bird, xn. 139.
TUILERIES, palace, at Paris, xvni.
276.
TUKE, Sir Brian, first English post
master, xix. 562.
, Henry, English ethical writer,
xxm. 604.
•, Samuel, English philanthropist,
xxm. 604.
, William, English philanthropist,
XXIII. 604.
Tu-KiU, Turkish race of people, xxm.
659.
TULA, government, Russia, xxm. 604;
town, xxm. 605.
TULARE, Lake, California, U.S.A., iv.
697.
TULCHA, town, Roumania, vn. 309.
TULCHAN BISHOPS, in Scottish history,
vm. 489; xix. 680.
TULIP, plant, xxm. 605; xn. 253, 259.
TREE, n. 320; XV. 283; of United
States, xxm. 808.
- WOOD, xx. 852.
TULL, Jethro, his system of husbandry,
I. 299.
TULLE, town, France, xxm. 605.
-, textile fabric, xxm. 606.
TULLIANUM, ancient building, at Rome,
xx. 814.
TULLIN, Christian Braumann, Norse
poet, xvn. 590.
TULLOCH, John, Scottish divine, xxm.
606.
TULLOCHGORUM, Skinner's song, xxn.
124.
TULLUM (Toul), ancient town, France,
xxm. 483.
TULLUS HOSTILIUS, king of Rome,
xxm. 606; xx. 733.
TuLOU, Jean Louis, French improver of
the flute, xxm. 521.
TULSI-DAS, Hindi writer, XI. 846.
TULTCHIN, town, Russia, xix. 254.
TULUNIDS, Moslem dynasty, xvi. 586.
TUMBOYONKON, mountain, North Bor
neo, xxi. 123.
TUMBREL, instrument of punishment,
xix 96.
TUMEDS, Mongol tribes, xvi. 744.
TUMKUR, district, India, xxm. 606.
TUMLOOK (Tamluk), town, India, xvi.
284.
TUMLUNG, town, India, XXIL 51.
TUMMEL, Loch, Scotland, xiv. 217;
xvm. 665.
TUMOURS, xvm. 367, 371, 379, 382, 402;
surgical operations on, XXII. 687.
TUMULI, ancient burial-places, n. 384;
in. 397; of ancient America, I. 692;
at Carnac, France, v. 1 18.
TUN, town, Persia, xvm. 627.
TUNBRIDGE, town, England, xxm.
606.
-WELLS, town, England, xxm.
607; mineral water of, xvi. 434.
TUNDAH (Tanda), town, India, xvm.
72.
TUNDRAS, sterile regions, Russia, xix.
328; xxi. 67, 75, 77; XXIL 2.
TUNES, Hymn, xvn. 85.
TUNG-CHOW, town, China, xxm. 607.
TUNG-KlNG, or Tong-King, French
colony, Eastern Asia, xxm. 439; vi.
93-
TUNGSTATES, salts of tungsten, xxm.
607; xvi. 403.
TUNGSTEN, chemical element, xxm.
607; v. 541; in iron, XIII. 284; in
steel, xm. 352.
TUNGSTIC ACID, xxm. 608.
TUNGSTITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
TUNG-TING, lake, China, v. 632.
TUNGURAGUA, mountain, Ecuador, vn.
645.
TUNGUSES, North Asiatic people, xxm.
608; xv. 548; xxn. 9.
TUNGUSIC LANGUAGE, xxiv. i.
TUNGUSKA,or Tunguzka, rivers, Siberia,
xxn. 5; xxiv. 742.
TUNGZORUN, mountain, Caucasus, v.
253-
TUNIC, ecclesiastical vestment, vi. 462.
TUNICA, Roman article of dress, vi.
456.
TUNICATA, group of animals, xxm.
609; n. 53; xxiv. 1 86; embryology
of, XX. 419; reproduction of, xx.
409; recognized as Vertebrata, xxiv.
179.
TUNING FORK, xxm. 619; i. 113, 117;
xvn. 106.
TUNIS, regency, North Africa, XXIII.
619; I. 265; conquest of, by the Turks,
xxm. 644; town, xxm. 621.
TUNKERS, American sect of Baptists,
vn. 543.
TUNNELLING, xxm. 622.
TUNNELS, Railway, xx. 233.
TUNNY, fish, xxm. 625.
TUNSTALL, town, England, xxm. 625.
, Marmaduke, on British birds,
xvm. 9.
TUPAC AMARU, Insurrection of, in Bol
ivia, iv. 17.
TUPAIA, genus of insectivorous mam
mals, xv. 402.
TUPUNGATO, mountain, Chili, v. 616.
T U R — T W A
TUR, Jebel al-, mountains, Sinai, Arabia,
xxii. 88.
TURA, river, Siberia, XXIII. 429.
TURACUS, genus of birds, xxm. 487.
TURANIAN, meaning of the word, xxm.
625.
— LANGUAGES, xxiv. i; xvm. 779.
TURATEYA, district, Celebes, v. 288.
TURBARY, Common of, right of cutting
turf, VI. 209.
TURBAT-I-HAIDARI, town, Persia, xvm.
627.
TURBELLARIANS, group of W01TOS, XVII.
326; xix. 170.
TURBINE, water- wheel, xn. 438, 524;
steam, xxii. 517.
TURBOT, fish, xxm. 625; xn. 692.
TURCARET, Le Sage's drama, xiv. 472.
TURCILINGI, Germanic tribes, XVII.
726.
TURCOMANIA, regions of Asia, XVI. 42 ;
xxm. 512.
TURCOMANS, peoples, Asia, xxm. 660,
661 ; xiv. 64; of Asia Minor, n. 712; of
Persia, xvm. 627, 632; of Turkestan,
xxm. 636.
TURCO-TATAR LANGUAGE, xxm. 66 1.
TURDETANIA (Tartessus), ancient dis
trict, Spain, xvm. 806.
TURDID^E, group of birds, xvni. 47;
their relation to Sylviidae, xxiv. 366.
TURDUS, genus of birds, XVIII. 74; XX.
318; xxm. 322.
TURENNE, Vicomte de, French marshal,
xxm. 626; ix. 571.
TURFAU, oasis, Turkestan, xxm. 639.
TURGAI, province and town, Central
Asia, xxm. 627.
TURGENIEFF, Ivan, Russian novelist,
xxm. 488; xxi. 108.
TURGES, legendary king of Ireland,
Xlll. 251.
TURGITE, mineral, xvi. 387.
TURGOT, Anne Robert Jacques, Marquis
de 1' Aulne, French economist and
statesman, xxm. 627; ix. 594, 667;
xix. 361.
TURGUTS, or Torgod, Mongol tribe, iv.
710; xvi. 745, 749.
TURIN, town, Italy, XXIII. 630; academy,
1.70; libraries, xiv. 530, 548; observa
tory, xvn. 713; pictures, xxi. 447.
TURINSK, town, Russia, xvm. 550.
— , town, Tobolsk, Siberia, xxm.
43°-
. TURKA, spa, Eastern Siberia, xxm.
510.
TURKESTAN, East and West, Central
Asia, xxm. 631; I. 241 ; n. 680;
xvin. 101; xxii. 820.
TURKEY, xxm. 640; oppression of the
Greeks by, xi. 122; wars with Persia,
xvm. 635, 636, 648; plague in, XIX.
167; wars with Russia, xvn. 485; xxi.
101; conquest of Servia by, XXI. 689;
contests with Venice, XXIV. 144, 147;
army, n. 617; carpets, v. 129; Jews
in, Xlll. 686; newspapers, xvn. 432;
opium cultivation, xvn. 788; railways,
xx. 252; weights and measures, xxiv.
490. See also Turks.
TURKEY, bird, xxm. 657; xix. 646.
CORN, maize, xv. 309.
TURKEY-RED, in dyeing, iv. 688; vn.
576.
TURKEY SPONGE, xxii. 423.
TURKI LANGUAGE, xxm. 66 r.
TURKISH BATHS, in. 437.
TURKISH LANGUAGE, xxm. 66 1 ; xxiv.
I; dictionaries of, vn. 189.
TURKISH LITERATURE, xxm. 655.
TURKISTAN, or Turkestan (q.v.), xxm.
631-
TURKMANS, peoples, Asia, xxm. 660,
66 1. See Turcomans.
TURKS, race of people, xxm. 658; their
first appearance in history, xvm.
582; early history of, xvi. 584; first
contact of, with the Persian empire,
xvm. 613; in Africa, I. 262; their
occupation of Arabia, II. 260; in
Athens, ill. 10; invasion of Austria by,
in. 126; invasion of Europe by (1683),
xix. 296; their attack on Vienna
(1683), xiv. 466; in Walachia, xxi.
1 6, 1 8. See also Seljuks and Turkey.
TURK'S-CAP CACTUS, iv. 625.
TURK'S ISLANDS, West Indies, in. 236;
xni. 549.
TURMERIC, tuberous root, xxm.
662.
TURNBULL'S BLUE, pigment, xx. 24.
TURNER, Charles, English engraver,
xxm. 662.
— , Joseph Mallord William, English
painter, xxm. 663; xxi. 441.
— , William, on birds, xvm. 3.
TURNERITE, mineral, xvi. 403.
TURNERS' TOOLS, xiv. 323; xv. 154.
TURNHOUT, town, Belgium, xxm.
668.
TURNING LATHE, xiv. 323.
PIECES, in mechanics, xv. 755.
TURNIP BEETLE, i. 367.
TURNIP-CUTTER, i. 326.
TURNIP-FLY, or Turnip-Flea, xxm.
668; vi. 134.
TURNIP-PULPER, i. 327.
TURNIPS, agricultural root-crop, I. 303,
365, 383; diseases of, I. 367; garden
vegetable, xn. 288.
TURNIP SAW-FLY, xxi. 343.
TURNIP-SEED, i. 383.
TURNIP-THINNER, i. 321.
TURNIX, genus of birds, XX. 147.
TURNOR, Hatton, his Astra Castra, ..
207.
TURNPIKE, road, xi. 811; tolls levied
on, xxm. 436.
TURNSOLE, plant, xi. 633.
TURNSTONE, bird, xxm. 668.
TURN-TABLE, Railway, xx. 238.
TUROLD, Anglo-Norman writer, vm.
407.
TURONES, ancient Gallic people, xxm.
491.
TURPENTINE, oleo-resin, xxm. 669,
crude, xx. 852; from the larch, xiv.
310; from the pine, xix. 104; Stras-
burg, IX. 225; Venice, xiv. 310.
TURPIN, archbishop of Rheims, legend
ary chronicler, xxm. 669; xx. 626;
chronicle of, xx. 650.
TURQUOISE, precious stone, xxm. 669;
xvi. 405.
TURRECREMATA, Johannes de (Torque-
mada), cardinal, xxm. 452.
TURRETIN, Genevan theologians (Benott,
Francois, and Jean Alphonse), xxm.
670.
TURRET-SHIELD, in fortification, ix.
453-
TURRET-SHIPS, xvn. 285.
TURSHIZ, district, Persia, xvm. 627.
TURSIO, cetacean mammal, XV. 399.
TURTLE, cheloniaii reptile, xx. 441,
445; xxm. 455.
TURTLE-DOVE, VII. 380.
TURUNCHUK, river, Russia, vn. 306.
TUSCANY, territorial division, Italy,
xxm. 670; under the Medici, xv.
789; Siena annexed to, xxn. 43;
dialect of, Xlll. 496; straw-plaiting
industry of, xxn. 593.
TUSCIA, ancient division, Italy, xxm.
671.
TUSCULUM, ancient town, Italy, xxm.
671; xiv. 344; bathat, in. 435; water
works at, n. 219.
TUSIDDE, mountain, Sahara, Africa,
XXII. 149.
TUSKS, Ivory from, Xlll. 520 ; of
elephant, xv. 350.
TussAc(or TUSSOCK) GRASS, i. 378; ix.
TUSSER, Thomas, English poet, xxm.
672; on husbandry, I. 296.
TUSSUR, silkworm, xxn. 60; silk from,
xn. 752.
TUTELA (Tudela), ancient town, Spain,
! xxm. 604.
TUTICORIN, town, India, xxm. 405.
TUTIORISM, in casuistry, XIV. 636.
TUTOR, in law, XIII. i, 3; in relation to
women's rights, XXI v. 638; in Roman
law, XX. 672, 688.
TUTTLE'S COMET, vi. 193.
TUTUILA, island, South Pacific, xvn.
279.
TuTUL-XlUS, people of Yucatan, i.
705.
TUY, town, Spain, xix. 455.
TUYERES, in blast-furnaces, xm. 304.
TUZLAH, salt lake, Asia Minor, n. 704.
TVER, government and town, Rtissia,
xxm. 672.
TWAITE SHAD, fish, xxi. 726.
TWARDOWSKI, Samuel, Polish poet,
xix. 302.
TWA-TU-TIA, town, Formosa, China, IX.
417.
T W E — U C C
449
TWEED, river, Scotland, xxm. 673;
xvin. 451; xxi. 33.
, William M., mayor of New York,
xvn. 463.
TWEEDDALE, district, Scotland, xvm.
451.
TWEEDMOUTH, town, England, ill. 610.
TWEED RING, New York, xxm. 783.
TWEEDS, variety of cloth, xxiv. 662.
TWELFTH DAY, or Epiphany, vm. 483.
TWELFTH NIGHT, Shakespeare's play,
xxi. 764.
TWELVE LABOURS, of Hercules, XL
726.
TWELVE PATRIARCHS, Testaments of
the, ii. 1 80.
TWELVE PEERS, of France, xvin. 468.
TWELVE TABLES, in Roman law, xiv.
328; xx. 678, 737.
TWENTY-FOUR PARGANAS, district,
India, xxm. 673.
TWESTEN, August D. C., German writer
on logic, xiv. 800.
TWICE TOLD TALES, Hawthorne's work,
XL 537-
TWICKENHAM, town, England, xxm.
673; Pope's residence at, XIX. 485.
TWILIGHT, xxm. 674; n. 770; x. 200,
205.
TWILLER, Wouter van, director, New
Netherland, America, xvn. 454.
TWILL WEAVING, xxiv. 464.
TWIN CRYSTALS, xvi. 363.
TWINE MANUFACTURE, xx. 845.
TWIN MONSTERS, xvi. 765.
TWIST, Action of a, in mechanics, XV.
743-
- TOBACCO, xxm. 426.
TWITE, bird, xiv. 675.
Two GENTLEMEN OF VERONA, Shake
speare's play, xxi. 763.
TWO-HEADED EAGLE, of Russia, xxi.
91.
TWO-HEADED NIGHTINGALE, female
monsters, xvi. 766.
Two SICILIES, kingdom of Europe, xin.
478; xxii. 28; Norman conquest of,
xin. 470.
Two THOUSAND GUINEAS, English
horse-race, XII. 202.
TY, or Tyr, Scandinavian divinity, i.
211.
TYANA, ancient town, Asia Minor, v. 75.
TYANITIS, region, Asia Minor, v. 75.
TYARD, Pontus de, French poet, xx.
841.
TYBURN, brook, London, xiv. 818.
TYCHO BRAKE, Danish astronomer, iv.
200. See Brahe.
TYCHONIC SOLAR SYSTEM, n. 777.
TYCOON, Japanese ruler, xin. 584.
TYD^EA, genus of plants, xn. 266.
TYKOCIN, town, Russia, xiv. 817.
TYLDESLEY WITH SHAKERLEY, town,
England, xxm. 674.
TYLENCHUS SCANDENS, wheat pest,
xxiv. 536.
TYLER, John, president of the United
States, xxm. 674, 766.
, Miss, guardian of Robert Southey,
xxii. 290.
, Wat, Insurrection of, vm. 319;
xx. 541.
TYLOPODA, group of ungulate mammals,
xiv. 738; xv. 430.
TYLOR, Edward B., on animism, n. 55;
his theory of mythology, XVII. 143.
TYM, river, Saghalin, Asia, xxi. 147.
TYMPANUM, of human ear, I. 892.
— , in architecture, II. 475.
TYNDALE, William, translator of English
Bible, XXlll. 675; VIII. 384; his
relations with Luther, vm. 374.
TYNDALL, John, on motion of glaciers,
x. 630; his experiments on magnetic
crystals, XV. 266.
TYNE, river, England, xxm. 675; xvn.
565; improvement works of, XX. 578.
TYNEMOUTH, town, England, xxm.
675-
TYNWALD, Court of, Isle of Man, xv.
452.
TYPE, in biological classification, xx.
421.
, Printing, XXIII. 68 1, 692, 694,
697; for the blind, ill. 827.
TYPE-FOUNDING, xxm. 699, 709;
Baskerville's experiments in, in. 421.
TYPE-PRINTING TELEGRAPH, xxm.
1 20.
TYPE-SETTING MACHINES, xxm. 700.
TYPE-WRITING MACHINES, xxiv. 698.
TYPHLOPID^E, family of snakes, xxii.
192.
TYPHOEUS, of Greek mythology, xxm.
676.
TYPHOID FEVER, xxm. 678; xvm.
403 ; in the horse, XXI V. 203.
TYPHON, of Greek mythology, xxm.
676; vii. 717.
TYPHOON, hurricane, n. 690; xvr. 154;
xxm. 676.
TYPHUS FEVER, xxm. 676, 680; xvm.
403; quarantine laws of, xx. 156.
TYPO-ETCHING PROCESS, xxm. 704.
TYPOGRAPHIC ETCHING, for printing,
xxm. 704.
TYPOGRAPHY, or Printing, xxm. 68 1;
early English, XIV. 705; knowledge
of, necessary to the bibliographer, m.
653.
TYPUS, of Constans II., in Monothelite
controversy, xvi. 758; xv. 582.
TYR, Scandinavian divinity, I. 211.
TYRANNUS, genus of birds, xiv. 80.
, Maximus III., Roman emperor,
xv. 645.
, (Edipus, Sophocles's drama, xxii.
273-
TYRANNY, form of government, XL u.
TYRANTS, Greek rulers, XL 94.
TYRAS (Dniester), river, Russia, vii. 306.
TYRCONNEL, Count of, Austrian general,
xvn. 727.
TYRCONNEL, Earls of (the O'Donnells),
xm. 262.
— , Richard Talbot, earl of, Irish states
man, XIII. 268.
TYRE, town, Phoenicia, xxm. 710;
xvm. 804, 807, 809; coins of, xvii.
650; siege and destruction of, by Alex
ander, I. 482; XVIII. 582.
— , Era of, v. 715.
TYRITE, mineral, xvi. 427.
TYRO, mother of Pelias, xvm. 474.
TYROGLYPHID^E, family of niites, xvi.
528.
TYROL, province, Austria, xxm. 711;
xx. 504; insurrection of, under Hofer,
XII. 44.
TYROLESE ALPS, i. 629, 630.
TYRONE, county, Ireland, xxm. 712.
— , Earl of, xm. 262.
TYROPCEON, valley, at Jerusalem, xm.
637, 641.
TYRREL, Sir James, keeper of Tower
of London, vii. 685.
TYRRHENIA, or Etruria (q.v.\ vm. 633.
TYRSENUS, mythic king of Lydia, XV. 99.
TYRT^EUS, Greek elegiac poet, xxm.
713-
TYTHERLY, England, Owen's community
at, xvm. 88.
TYTHING MAN, early English magis
trate, xv. 217.
TYTLER, Alexander Fraser, Lord Wood-
houselee, Scottish judge, XXlll. 713.
, James, first British aeronaut, I. 190;
contributor to 2d edition of Encyclo
paedia Britannica, I. 190; vm. 200.
, Patrick Fraser, Scottish historian,
xxm. 714.
, William, Scottish historian and
antiquary, XXlll. 714.
TYUKALINSK, town, Tobolsk, Siberia,
xxm. 430.
TYUMEN, town, Siberia, xxm. 714.
TZARSKOYE SELO, town, Russia, xxm.
600; xxi. 194.
TZERINI, town, Cyprus, vi. 748.
TZETZES, Joannes, Byzantine writer,
xxm. 714; XL 145.
T T the twenty-first letter of the
^ > alphabet, xxm. 715.
UAT, or Uati, Egyptian divinity, iv.
590; vii. 718.
UAUA, Nilotic tribes, Africa, xvii. 612.
UBANGI, affluent of the Congo, Africa,
xxiv. 764.
UBASHA KHAN, Mongol ruler, xvi. 745.
UBEDA, town, Spain, xxm. 715.
UBERTI, Fazio degli, Italian writer,
xm. 505.
UBON, river, Cambodia, Asia, xv. 832.
UCAYALE, or Ucayali, head stream of
Amazon, South America, I. 654; xvm.
672.
UCCELLO, Pizzo d', mountain, Italy,
XIII. 438.
XXV. - 57
450
U C H — U N D
UCHATIUS PROCESS, of steel-making,
xin. 347.
UDAIPUR, state, India, xxm. 716; v.
768; xx. 260; town, xxm. 716.
UDAL, kind of land tenure, xxm. 716.
UDALL, Nicholas, English comedian,
xxm. 716; vni. 416.
UDDU, province of Uganda, Africa,
xxm. 717.
UDENHEIM (Philippsburg), town, Baden,
xvin. 754.
UDINE, town, Italy, xxm. 716.
UDINIANS, Caucasian tribe, xiv. 475.
UDOLPHO, Mysteries of, Mrs Radcliffe's
novel, xx. 211.
UDOMETER, rain gauge, xx. 256.
UEA, island, South Pacific, xv. 30.
UEBERWEG, Friedrich, German philo
sopher, xxm. 716.
UFA, government and town, Russia,
xxm. 717.
, river, Russia, XXIV. 279.
UFFIZI GALLERY, Florence, ix. 332;
xxi. 446.
UGANDA, country, Central Africa, xxm.
717.
UGERNUM (Beaucaire), Roman town.
France, in. 467.
UGINGO, lake island, Africa, XVII. 505.
UGLITCH, town, Russia, xxm. 718.
UGRA, river, Russia, XXIV. 279.
UGRIAN LANGUAGE, xxiv. i ; xvin.
779; dictionaries of, vn. 188.
UGRIANS, Ural-Altaic people, ix. 219;
xiv. 59; xxi. 78.
UGRIAN STRAIT, Nova Zembla, xvn.
604.
UGRI BIELII, or Khazars (q.v.), xiv.
59-
UGRO-SAMOYEDES, race of people, Si
beria, XXII. U.
UCURS, or Uigurs (q.v.), XXIII. 659.
UHLAND, Johann Ludwig, German poet,
xxm. 718; x. 543.
UIGURS, Turkish people, XXII. n;
xxm. 659; xxiv. i.
UINTAH MOUNTAINS, U.S.A., xxm.
796; xxiv. 19.
UIST, North and South, islands, Scot
land, xi. 607.
UJE, district, Bornu, Central Africa, iv.
61.
Ujiji, town, Central Africa, xxm. 719,
46; xxiv. 763.
UJJAIN, town, India, xxm. 719; xv.
346.
UKEREWE, lake island, Africa, xvn.
504.
UKRAINE, district, Russia, xxm. 719.
SCHOOL, of poets, in Polish litera
ture, xix. 304.
UKRAINIANS, or Little Russians, xxi.
78.
UKRAYNA, district, Russia, xvn. 826.
ULAI, river, Persia, xxn. 722.
ULCER, in pathology, xvin. 366; of the
stomach, XXII. 575; syphilitic, XXII.
686; vaccinal, xxiv. 26; treatment of
ulceration, xxn. 683.
ULDIN, Hunnic chief, XII. 381.
| ULDSHEITU KHAN, Mongol ruler, xvi.
742.
ULEABORG, province, Finland, ix. 217.
ULEMA, Moslem clergy, xxn. 660; xix.
730; xxm. 654.
ULENBURGH, Saskia van, wife of
Rembrandt, xx. 374.
ULEX, genus of shrubs, IX. 851.
ULEXITE, mineral, xvi. 396.
ULFILAS, or Ulfila, bishop of the
Goths, xxm. 719; x. 849, 852; his
modifications of the Greek alphabet,
i. 613.
ULLAGE, in gauging, xvi. 28.
ULLMANNITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
ULLOA, Alonso de, on oppression of the
Indians, I. 709.
ULLSWATER, Lake, England, vi. 699;
xxiv. 513.
ULM, town, "\Viirtemberg, XXin. 720;
wood-carving in cathedral, xxiv. 649;
capitulation of (1805), III. 132; xvn.
209.
ULMUS, genus of trees, vni. 151.
ULPIANUS, Domitius (Ulpian), Roman
jurist, XXIII. 721; XIII. 793; his life-
annuity table, n. 79.
ULRICA ELEONORE, queen of Sweden,
xxn. 751.
ULRICH I., duke of Wiirtemberg, xxiv.
702.
ULRICI, Hermann, German philosopher,
XXIII. 721; on the categories, v. 225.
ULSTER, province, Ireland, xin. 215;
early Scotic conquest of, xin. 246;
plantation of, xin. 266; land custom
in, xiv. 276.
, Annals of, Irish chronicle, v.
307-
KlNG-AT-ARMS, XI. 688.
ULTRAMARINE, pigment, xxm. 721;
xiv. 300; xix. 87.
ULTRAMONTANISM, Roman Catholic
movement, vi. 241; xvn. 754.
ULUA, river, Honduras, xn. 130.
ULUGH BEG, Mirza Mohammed ben
Shah Rok, Persian astronomer, XXin.
722; n. 751; xvin. 632; his tables of
Eastern geography, x. 178.
ULU-KEM, river, Mongolia, xxn. 5.
ULVERSTON, town, England, xxm.
722.
ULVO, island, Norway, xiv. 769.
ULWAR (Alwar), state, India, I. 649;
xx. 260.
ULYSSES, in Greek legend, xvn. 729.
ULYSSIPPO, ancient name of Lisbon,
xiv. 693.
UMAN, town, Russia, xxm. 722.
UMARKOT, town, India, xxm. 221.
UMATILLA, river, Oregon, U.S.A., xvn.
822.
UMAYO, Lake, Peru, xvin. 673.
UMBALLA, or Umballah (Ambala),
division, district, and town, India, I.
655; xx. 109.
UMBELLIFERONE, crystalline product
of sumbal, xxn. 641.
UMBER, mineral and pigment, xvi. 425;
xix. 88.
UMBILICAL VESICLE, of mammals, xv.
369-
UMBILICANIMI, sect of Greek Church,
XL 782.
UMBRELLA, xxm. 722; earliest use of,
in England, xi. 453.
, genus of Mollusca, xvi. 655.
UMBRELLA-TREE, xv. 283.
UMBRIA, district, Italy, xxm. 723;
Xin. 496; its school of painting, xxi.
435, 442-
UMBRIAN DIALECT, of Latin, xx. 661.
UMBRIANS, ancient Italian people, xin.
444; xxm. 723.
UMBRO-SABELLIAN LANGUAGE, xiv.
327-
UMGENI, river, Natal, Africa, xvn.
240.
UMIAK, Eskimo boat, vni. 545.
UMILIATI, trading fraternity, in Milan,
xvi. 292.
UM KEIS, village, Syria, x. 4.
UMKOMANZI, river, Natal, Africa, xvn.
240.
UMMERAPOORA (Amarapura), town,
Burmah, I. 653; ill. 144.
UMM RABI, river, Morocco, xvi. 832.
UMPQUA, river, Oregon, U.S.A., xvn.
822.
UMRITSIR, or Umritzur (Amritsar),
district and town, India, I. 777: xx.
109, 1 10.
UMZIMKULU, river, Natal, Africa, xvn.
240.
UNANUE, Hipolito, Peruvian physicist,
xvin. 675.
UNAO, district, India, xxm. 724.
UNAU, sloth of Brazil, xxn. 162.
UNCIAL WRITING, Greek, xvin. 145;
Latin, xvin. 152.
UNCOMPAHGRE MOUNTAINS, U.S.A.,
xxm. 796.
UNCONDITIONED, Philosophy of the,
Hamilton's, xi. 418.
UNCTION, Extreme, sacrament, Church
of Rome, vni. 813.
UNDERCLIFF, town, Isle of Wight,
England, xxiv. 562.
UNDERGROUND RAILWAYS, xx. 239.
UNDERSTANDING, distinction between
it and sense, xx. 75; Jacobi's theory
of, xin. 537.
— , Essay on the Human, Locke's, XIV.
756, 757-
— , Treatise on the Human, Hume's,
xn. 351.
UNDERWRITERS, marine insurers, Xin.
184; at Lloyd's, xiv. 741.
UNDINE, Fouqud's book, ix. 487.
UNDULATORY THEORY, of light, xiv.
603; xxiv. 421.
UNEARNED INCREMENT, in economics,
xiv. 267.
UNGARAN, town, Java, xin. 606.
UNGRUND, in Boehme's philosophy, ill.
853-
UNGUENTS, or Lubricants, in mechanics,
xv. 34, 765.
UNGULATA, order of Mammalia, xv.
42 1 ; sense of touch in, xxm. 479.
UNGVAR, town, Hungary, xxni. 724.
UNI, Etruscan goddess, xin. 778.
UNICORN, fabulous animal, xxni.
725.
, in heraldry, XI. 702.
, Sea, cetacean mammal, XV. 398;
xvn. 235.
UNIFICATION, of moneys, xvi. 734.
UNIFORMITY, Acts of, English, xix.
690; xxni. 199.
UNIFORMS, Naval and Military, vi. 477;
of British navy, xvn. 295.
UNIGENITUS, papal bull (1713), v. 822;
xix. 507.
UNIMAK, volcano and island, Aleutian
group, i. 444, 480.
UNIO, genus of molluscs, xvn. no.
UNION JACK, British flag, ix. 278.
UNION OF CROWNS, of England and
Scotland, xxi. 509.
UNION OF PARLIAMENTS, England and
Scotland, xvin. 308; xxi. 518;
Paterson's advocacy of, xvin. 360;
Great Britain and Ireland, xin. 271;
xvin. 308.
UNIONS, Poor Law, xix. 472.
UNISON, of sounds, I. 108; in music,
xvn. 78.
UNIT, Standard, of value, in currency,
xvi. 730. See Unit*?.
UNITARIANISM, religious system, xxni.
725; xin. 671; theism of, xxni.
249.
UNITAS FRATRUM, or Moravian
Brethren (q.v.), xvi. Sir.
UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST,
American sect, xxm. 726; xvi.
192.
UNITED BULGARIANS, in Church of
Rome, xx. 631.
UNITED EVANGELICAL CHURCH, Ger
many, x. 469; xv. 86.
UNITED IRISHMEN, Insurrection of,
xin. 271.
UNITED KINGDOM, The, of Great Britain
and Ireland, xxni. 727; XI. 79.
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCHES,
xvi. 192.
UNITED NEW NETHERLAND COM
PANY, xvn. 454.
UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, in
Scotland, xxni. 727; vin. 528;
ix. 746.
UNITED PROVINCES, of the Nether
lands, xii. 77, 80.
UNITED SECESSION CHURCH, Scotland,
xxni. 727.
UNITED STATES, of America, xxni.
U N E — U R A
729 (index, 829); I. 711; attitude of
Chatham towards, xix. 136; civil war
(1861-65), xiv. 659; Declaration of
Independence, Xlll. 614; architecture,
II. 453; army, II. 619; banking, ill.
339; birds, in. 750; XVlll. 16; estab
lishments for the blind, in. 830;
census-taking, V. 338; Presbyterian
Church, XIX. 697; Protestant Episco
pal Church, vin. 493; citizenship, I.
576; coalfields, VI. 60; proportion of
coloured people, xvn. 320; cotton
manufactures, vi. 506; cotton supply,
vi. 485; fisheries, ix. 267; forests, ix.
405; gold, x. 743; government, ix. 62 ;
XI. 14; immigration statistics, VIII.
177; Indian tribes, XII. 830; Jews,
Xlll. 687; land laws, xiv. 265; lib
raries, xiv. 534, 550; literature, I. 718;
mines, xvi. 469; municipalities, xvn.
31 ; navy, XVII. 300; newspapers, XVII.
433; observatories, xvn. 715; oyster-
culture, xvill. 107, 109; periodical
literature, xvill. 544; police system,
xix. 341; post-office, Xix. 578; prison
system, XIX. 763; railways, XX. 253;
slavery, xxn. 141; statutes, xxn. 471;
tobacco culture, xxm. 424; univer
sities, xxm. 857; weights and measures,
xxiv. 491; wine industry, xxiv. 611.
UNITS, in physics, vn. 241, 582; electro
magnetic, xxm. 1 1 6; of measurement,
XV. 668; of value, in currency, xvi.
730; for weights and measures, xxiv.
478, 483.
UNITY, in philosophy, xvi. 81; xvin.
793; conception of, in psychology, XX.
79; intuition of unity and complexity,
in psychology, xx. 56.
UNIVERSALISM, theological doctrine,
vin. 538.
UNIVERSALIST CHURCH, xxm. 831.
UNIVERSAL METHOD, Adanson's bio
logical classification, I. 144.
UNIVERSALS, in scholastic logic, xxi.
418; Albertus on, I. 454.
UNIVERSE, Elements of, according to
ancients, V. 459.
— , The sidereal, Theories of, n. 821;
Herschel's, XL 797; xvn. 311; Kant's,
xin. 847; Kepler's, xiv. 47.
UNIVERSITIES, xxm. 831 (index, 858);
distinction between, and colleges, vi.
143; precedence of officers of, Xix.
668; English, origin and establishment
of, vin. 304, 3 17; European, vm. 711;
German, x. 471.
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, London, xiv.
835-
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, Oxford, xvin.
97-
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS, vm. 778.
UNKIAR SKELESSI, Treaty of (1833),
xxni. 650.
UNLAWFUL ASSEMBLY, in law, xx. 564.
UNLEAVENED BREAD, Feast of, Jewish,
xvni. 343.
451
UNMANZ, German islet, Baltic Sea, xxi.
56.
UNREASON, Abbot of, v. 704.
UNSOUNDNESS OF MIND, in medical
jurisprudence, XV. 780. See also In
sanity.
UNST, island, Shetland, Scotland, xvn.
846.
UNTER DEN LINDEN, street, Berlin, in.
594-
UNTERWALDEN, canton, Switzerland,
xxni. 858; xxii. 781.
UNWIN, Mrs, friend of Cowper, vi.
534-
UNYAMA, affluent of Nile, Africa, xvn.
506.
UNYORO, kingdom, Central Africa,
xxni. 859.
UNZHA, river, Eussia, xxiv. 279.
UPANISHADS, Hindu philosophical
writings, IV. 201; XXI. 273, 280;
xxiv. 117.
UPAS, fabled poison tree, xxni. 859.
UPERNIVIK, district, Greenland, xi.
171.
UPHOLSTERY, ix. 847.
UPLAND, Jak, Lollard verses of, xiv.
811.
UPOLU, island, South Pacific, xvn.
279.
UPPER SIND FRONTIER, district, India,
xxni. 859.
UPRAUDA, original name of emperor
Justinian I., xin. 792.
UPSALA, town, Sweden, xxni. 860;
xxn. 744; assembly of (1593), xxn.
748; barrow at Kings' Hows, in. 398;
library, xiv. 532; observatory, xvn.
714; university, xxni. 842, 850,
county, XXII. 741.
UPSAROKAS, American-Indian tribe,
xn. 832.
UPUPA, genus of birds, xn. 154.
UR, ancient town, Chaldea, in. 185.
URAL, river, Kussia, xxi. 74.
URAL-ALTAIC LANGUAGES, xxiv. i;
xvin. 779; dictionaries of, vn. 192.
URAL MOUNTAINS, Russia, xxiv. 3;
xvin. 549; gold-mines of, x. 743.
URALSK, province, Russia, xxiv. 6;
town, xxiv. 7.
URAN, town, India, xxni. 221.
URANIA, epithet of Aphrodite, n. 171.
— , Muse of astronomy, xvn. 74.
URANIENBORG, Denmark, Observatory
of, xxn. 737.
URANINITE, mineral, xvi. 386.
URANISTES, in French literature, ix.
657-
URANITE, mineral, xvi. 407.
URANIUM, metal, xxiv. 7; chemistry
of, v. 542.
URANOCIRCITE, mineral, xvi. 407.
URANOMETRIA, classification of magni
tudes of stars, xvin. 840.
URANOPHANE, mineral, xvi. 425.
URANOSPINITE, mineral, xvi. 407.
452
U K A — U T A
URANOTANTALITE, mineral, xvi. 427.
URANOTILE, mineral, xvi. 425.
URANUS, in Greek mythology, xxiv.
7; xvii. 155; xxi. 320.
, planet, n. 782, 812; discovery of,
by Sir W. Herschel, II. 758; XL 767;
as affected by tidal friction, XXlll.
380.
URAO, mineral, xvi. 399.
URASINUS, or Ursinus, antipope, VI.
793-
URATIC DIATHESIS, in pathology, XVIIL.
388.
URA-TUBE, town, Syr-Daria, Asia,
xxii. 821.
URBAN I., St., pope, xxiv. 8.
II., pope, xxiv. 8; IX. 537; xix.
499; Ids dispute with William II. of
England, II. 91 ; his speech on the
crusades, vi. 623.
III., pope, xxiv. 8.
IV., pope, xxiv. 8; xin. 475; XX.
797-
V., pope, xxiv. 8; xx. 802.
- VI., pope, xxiv. 8; ix. 548; xix.
502; xx. 803.
VII., pope, xxiv. 9.
VIII., pope, xxiv. 9; ix. 568,
572; xill. 483; xix. 506,
URBANA, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xxiv. 9.
URBAN COLLEGE, or Propaganda, Rome,
xix. 809.
URBIBENTUM (Orvieto), ancient town,
Italy, XVIIL 53.
URBINO, town, Italy, xxiv. 9; xx. 274;
majolica ware of, xix. 627.
— , Duke of, patron of Tasso, xxm.
76.
URBS VETUS (Orvieto), ancient town,
Italy, XVIIL 53.
URCHARD, or Urquhart, Sir Thomas,
Scottish writer, XXIV. 12.
URCHIN, or Hedgehog, XL 610.
URDU LANGUAGE, India, XL 840,
847.
UREA, component of urine, xxiv. 10;
v. 578; xvii. 516, 683.
UREDINE^E, suborder of Fungi, ix. 831;
parasitic forms, XVIIL 267.
U RE IDS, nitrogenous carbon compounds,
xvii. 519.
URENGA MOUNTAINS, Russia, xxiv.
4-
URES, town, Mexico, xvi. 214.
URFA (Edessa), town, Turkey in Asia,
vii. 652.
URFE, Honore d', French pastoral poet,
XVIIL 346; xx. 659.
URGA, town, Mongolia, xxiv. 11.
URGANJ, town, Central Asia, xiv. 62;
xvi. 747; XVIIL 105.
URGEL, Bishops of, rulers of Andorre,
II. 1 8.
URGENTCH, or Urgenj, ancientkingdom,
Turkestan, xiv. 62; town, XIV. 62;
XVI. 747; XVIIL 105.
, New, town, Khiva, xiv. 64.
URGINEA, genus of plants, xxii. 437.
URI, canton, Switzerland, xxiv. n;
xxn. 781, 785; xxm. 155.
, Bay of, Lake of Lucerne, Switzer
land, xv. 41.
URIA, genus of birds, XL 262.
URIAGE, spa, France, xvi. 435.
URIC ACID, xxiv. 11; its presence in
gout, XVIIL 388.
URICONIUM (AVroxeter), Roman town,
England, xxi. 848.
URINARY DISEASES, xxiv. 189.
URINARY ORGANS, of Amphibia, i. 766;
of birds, ill. 727; of fishes, XII. 659; of
mammals, xv. 366; of reptiles, xx. 462.
URINE, xvii. 683; ammonia from, xvii.
516; chemical properties of, xxiv. 10,
n.
URMANS, Siberian marsh forests, xxm.
429.
URMIA, or Ummiah, town, Persia, xxiv.
12; xvii. 357; XVIIL 626, 628.
-, Lake, Persia, xxiv. 12; in. 168;
XVIIL 626.
URN, Cinerary, xix. 602, 623.
URNATELLA, genus of Polyzoa, xix. 438.
URNBURIAL, Sir Thomas Browne'sbook,
iv. 389.
URNERSPIEL, play based on story of Tell,
xxm. 155.
UROCHORDA, division of Vertebrata,
xxiv. 1 8 1, 1 86.
URODELA, group of Amphibia, I. 751.
UROMASTYX, genus of lizards, xiv. 737.
UROMYS, genus of rodent mammals,
xvii. 6.
UROPELTID^E, family of snakes, xxn.
192.
UROSH, king of Servia, xxi. 688.
URQUHART, Sir Thomas, Scottish writer,
xxiv. 12.
URQUIZA, Justo Jose de, general of
Argentine Republic, 1 1. 491.
URRACA, queen of Castile, xix. 540;
xxii. 316.
URSID^E, family of carnivorous mam
mals, xv. 441.
URSINUS, antipope, vi. 793.
, Benjamin, German logarithmist,
XIV. 774.
, Zacharias, German theologian,
xxiv. 13.
URSO (Osuna), ancient town, Spain,
XVIIL 63.
URSON, rodent mammal, xv. 420.
URSULA, St, virgin and martyr, XXIV.
13-
URSULINES, religious order, xxiv. 14;
xvi. 712.
URTICA, genus of plants, xvii. 360.
URTICARIA, skin disease, xvii. 360;
XXII. 122.
URUGUAY, republic, South America,
xxiv. 14; forests, ix. 406; news
papers, xvii. 437.
, affluent of River Plate, South
America, xix. 188; xxiv. 14.
URUMIAH, or Urumiyah, town, Persia.
xxiv. 12; xvii. 537; XVIIL 626, 628.
, Lake, Persia, xxiv. 12; ill. 168;
xvin. 626.
URUP, one of the Kurile Islands, Asia,
xiv. 160.
URUS, primitive species of cattle, V. 245.
, Peruvian tribe, XVIIL 676.
URUSHI, Japanese tree, xin. 590.
URUSITE, mineral, xvi. 402.
URZHUM, town, Russia, xxiv. 303.
USBEGS, or Uzbegs (q.v.), Turkish
people, xxm. 661.
USBOI, valley, Transcaspian Region,
Russia, xxm. 512.
USCHBA, mountain, Caucasus, v. 253.
USCOCCHI, Mediterranean pirates, xin.
484.
USE, in English law, xxm. 596.
USEDOM, island, Baltic Sea, xix. 442.
USEMBA, territory, Central Africa, v.
281.
USHANT, island, France, xxiv. 16.
USHER, or Ussher, James, archbishop of
Armagh, xxiv. 16; his scheme of
Presbyterian government, xix. 689.
USHIWAYA, mission station, Tierra del
Fnego, xxm. 384.
USK, river, England and Wales, iv. 243;
xvi. 753.
USKUDAR (Scutari), town, Turkey in
Asia, XXL 573.
USKUP, orUskiub, town, Turkey, xxiv.
17; XV. 137.
USMAITEN, lake, Russia, vi. 515.
USMAN, town, Russia, xxi 1 1. 41.
USOLIE SALTWORKS, Russia, XVIIL 550;
XXII. II.
USSES, river, France, xx. 528.
USTARIZ, Geronimo, Spanish economist,
xix. 363.
USTERI, Johann Martin, Swiss poet,
xxii. 798.
USTILAGINE/E, suborder of Fungi, ix.
831; parasitic forms, XVIIL 267.
USTRIALOFF, Russian historian, xxi.
1 08.
UST-SAMARA, Cossack fortress, Russia,
XVII. 609.
UST-SvsOLSK, town, Russia, xxiv. 283.
UST-URT, desert, Transcaspian Region,
Russia, v. 177; xxm. 512, 631.
USTYUG VELIKIY, town, Russia, xxiv.
283.
USTYUZHNA, town, Russia, xvii. 607.
USUCAPIO, in Roman law, xix. 704;
xx. 690, 692.
USUFRUCT, in Roman law, xx. 690.
USUGURU, lake island, Africa, xvii.
505.
USUMACINTA, river, Guatemala, XL
239-
USURI, river, Manchuria and Eastern
Siberia, xv. 466, 548.
USURY, xxiv. 17.
Usus, in Roman law, xxm. 595.
UTAH, Territory, U.S.A., xxiv. 19;
U T A — Y A L
453
mines of, XXIII. 815; Mormon settle
ment of, xvi. 827.
UTAKAMAND, town, India, xvn. 509.
UTE, genus of sponges, xxn. 414.
UTEN, Egyptian measure, xxiv. 485,
486.
UTERINE APPENDAGES, Removal of,
in surgery, xxn. 691.
UTES, American-Indian tribe, xn. 832.
UTHONG, Siamese ruler, xxi. 854.
UTICA, ancient town, Africa, xxiv. 21;
xiv. 551.
, town, New York, U.S.A., XXIV. 21.
UTILITARIANISM, ethical theory, vin.
606; as the foundation of law, XIV.
355; Bentham's, in. 576; Cumber
land's, VI. 702; John Stuart Mill's,
XVI. 313.
UTILITY, in economics, xxiv. 46; wealth
defined as based on, xxiv. 461.
, not an essential in the fine arts,
ix. 197, 211.
UT MINE STROMTID, Renter's novel,
xx. 495.
UTOPIA, Sir Thomas Mon-'s work, vi.
212; xvi. 819.
UTRECHT, province, Holland, xxiv. 21.
, town, Holland, xxiv. 21; congress
of (1712), VI. 270; peace of (1713),
in. 126, 269; vin. 353; ix. 583; xii.
81; xxii. 336; union of (1579), xn.
77; xxiv. 583; libraries, xiv. 532;
observatory, xvn. 715; university,
XXlll. 850.
UTRERA, town, Spain, xxiv. 22; xxi.
708.
UTRICULARIA, genus of insectivorous
plants, xiii. 138.
U-TSANG, region, Tibet, xxi 1 1. 340.
UTTARAMIMANSA, system of Hindu
philosophy, XXIV. 117.
UTWER, island, Norway, xvn. 576.
UVEA, island, South Pacific, XV. 30.
UVULA, Anatomy of the, I. 837.
UXBRIDGE, town, England, xxiv. 22.
, Earl of, at Waterloo, 1 1. 31.
UXMAL, ancient town, Central America,
xxiv. 758; ruins at, I. 693; xvi. 214.
UYUK (Euyuk), village and ruins, Tur
key in Asia, vin. 724.
Uz, of Scripture, xxiv. 22.
UzBEGS, or Uzbeks, Ural-Altaic people,
xxni. 661; IV. i; IX. 85; xn. 3; Xiv.
64; xvi. 749; xviii. 101; XXIII. 636;
origin of the name, xn. 607.
UZBEK KHAN, Mongol ruler, xvi. 747;
xn. 607.
UZEN, river, Russia, XXI. 74.
UZUN HASAN, shah of Persia, xvin.
632.
W the twenty-second letter of the
' alphabet, xxiv. 23.
VAAGO, islands, Norway, xiv. 769.
VAAL, river, South Africa, xxni. 517.
VACCINAL ULCER, xxiv. 26.
VACCINATION, xxiv. 23; xxn. 164;
discovery of, xin. 623; laws relating
to, xv. 797.
VACCINIUM, genus of plants, xxiv.
556.
VACOA, or Vacois, tree of Mauritius,
xv. 641.
VACUUM, Production of, xix. 246; I.
429; electrical test of, Xix. 247; Torri
cellian, in. 381.
VACZ, town, Hungary, xxiv. 30.
VADER ISLANDS, Sweden, xxn. 737.
VADUZ, lordship and town, Germany,
xiv. 568.
VAGA, Perino del (Perino Buonaccorsi),
Italian painter, xxiv. 30.
VAGABONDS, Laws relating to, i. 298;
xix. 463, 468.
VAGARSHAPAD, town, Transcaucasia,
Russia, xxni. 515.
VAGRANCY, in English law, xix. 463,
468; i. 298.
VAGUS, in nervous system, XIX. 29.
VAIGATCH ISLAND, Arctic Ocean, xvn.
604.
VAILLANT, Frangois Le, on birds, xvin.
8, ii.
VAIR, in heraldry, xi. 691.
, Guillaume du, French jurist and
writer, xxiv. 31.
VAISE, suburb of Lyons, France, xv.
1 10.
VAISHNAVAS, or Bhagats, their teaching,
and influence on Hindi literature, xi.
844-
VAISON, town, France, xxiv. 114.
VAISYARS, or Vaisyas, Hindu caste,
IV. 203, 204; v. 1 88; xii. 746.
VAKHSH, river, Central Asia, xn. 3.
VALABHIS, Indian dynasty, xn. 790.
VALACHIANS, Walachians, or Vlachs,
people, South-Eastern Europe, XXI.
16; XXIV. 268.
VALAIS, canton, Switzerland, xxiv. 31;
xxn. 785.
VALAMO, monastery, Finland, xxiv.
209.
VALBENOITE, Abbey of, at St Etienne,
France, xxi. 168.
VALCKENAER, L. G., Dutch scholar,
xxi. 57.
VALDAI, town, Russia, xvn. 607.
VALDEMAR II., king of Denmark, vn.
84.
III., of Denmark, VII. 85; XI. 450.
VALDENSES, or Waldenses (q.v.\ re
ligious sect, xxiv. 322.
VALDEPENAS, town, Spain, xxiv. 32;
wine of, xxiv. 607.
VALDERREDIBLE, town, Spain, xxi.
297.
VAL DE Ruz, valley, Switzerland, XVII.
361.
VALDES, inqiusitor-general, his rules for
torture, xxni. 463.
, Juan de, Spanish religious
writer, xxiv. 32; xxn. 360, 361.
VALDESSO (Juan de Valdes), Spanish
religious writer, xxiv. 32; xxn. 360.
VAL DE TRAVERS, valley, Switzerland,
xvn. 361; asphalt of, for paving, n.
716; xx. 586.
VALDEZ, or Waldo, Peter, founder of the
Waldenses, xxiv. 323.
VALDIVIA, province, Chili, v. 617.
VALEE, Silvain Charles, Comte de,
French general, I. 568.
VALENCE, town, France, XXIV. 33; uni
versity, xxni. 842.
VALENCIA, province, Spain, xxiv. 33;
xxn. 298.
, town, Spain, xxiv. 33; libraries
of, xiv. 549.
-, town, Venezuela, xxiv. 34.
VALENCIENNES, town, France, xxiv.
35-
| , A., French ichthyologist, xn. 633.
! VALENCINIA, genus of worms, xvn.
326.
VALENCY, or Combining Power, of
chemical elements, v. 473.
VALENS, emperor of the East, xxiv. 35;
xx. 779.
VALENTIA, Roman province, Britain,
xvin. 411.
(Valencia), ancient town, Spain,
xxiv. 34.
COLONIA JULIA (Valence), ancient
town, France, xxiv. 33.
VALENTINE, St, xxiv. 36.
, George Sand's, VII. 509.
AND ORSON, romance, xx. 653,
659.
VALENTINEITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
VALENTINI, Michael B., on birds, xvin.
7-
VALENTINIAN I., emperor of the West,
xxiv. 36; xx. 779.
II., emperor of the West, XXIV. 36;
XX. 779; his contentions with Am
brose, I. 663.
- III., emperor of the West, XXIV.
37; xx. 780; edict or decree of, xiv.
448; xix. 492.
LAW OF CITATIONS, in Roman
law, xx. 711.
VALENTINIANS, ancient theological
school, xxiv. 38; xix. 415.
VALENTINUS, St, xxiv. 36.
-, pope, xxiv. 40.
, early Christian theologian, XXIV.
37; X. 703; his influence on Neo-
platonism, xvn. 335.
VALERA, Juan, Spanish novelist, xxn.
362.
VALERIA, Roman province, Pannonia,
xvin. 213.
VALERIAN, plant, xxiv. 40.
LAW, Roman, xx. 736.
VALERIANUS, Publius Licinius (Va
lerian), Roman emperor, xxiv. 41; in
Mesopotamia, XVIII. 608.
VALERIE, Madame Kriidener's work,
xiv. 149.
454
y A L — Y A N
VALERIO-HORATIAN LAW, Roman, XX.
737-
VALERIUS, Lockhart's novel, xiv. 763.
, Publius, Roman consul, xxiv. 41.
ANTIAS, Roman historian, xiv.
729.
- DlOCLETIANUS, or Diocletian (q.v.),
Roman emperor, vn. 244.
FLACCUS, Cains, Roman poet, IX.
274; xx. 726.
- MAXIMUS, Latin writer, xxiv. 41.
VAL-ES-DUNES, Battle of (1047), xvn.
543-
VALETTA, town, Malta, xxiv. 42; xv.
340; siege of (1565), xxi. 174.
VALETTE, John La, grand-master of
Knights Hospitallers, xxi. 174.
VALI, Turkish governor, xxm. 654.
VALKI, town, Russia, xiv. 57.
VALLA, George, his De Expetendis et
Fugiendis Rebus, vin. 193.
, Lorenzo or Laurentius, Italian
scholar, xxiv. 42; xx. 323.
VALLADOLID, province, Spain, xxiv. 42.
, town, Spain, xxi v. 43; university,
xxm. 839, 851.
(Morelia), town, Michoacan de
Ocampo, Mexico, xvi. 820.
, town, Yucatan, Mexico, xxiv. 43,
758.
VALLANDIGHAM, Clement L., political
agitator, U.S.A., xiv. 66 1.
VALLE, Pietro della, Italian traveller,
xxiv. 43.
CRUCIS, abbey, Wales, xiv. 741.
DE PlELAGOS, town, Spain, XXI.
297.
VALLEJO, town, California, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 44.
VALLETTA, town, Malta, xxiv. 42; xv.
340; siege of (1565), xxi. 174.
VAL LEVENTINA, district, Switzerland,
xxii. 785; xxm. 351.
VALLEY FIELD, town, Canada, xx. 167.
VALLEY FORGE, U.S.A., Washington's
strategic position at, xxiv. 389.
VALLEY OF DEATH, Asia Minor, xxiv.
399-
VALLOMBROSA, Order of, monastic
society, xvi. 708.
VALLS, town, Spain, xxiv. 44.
VALMIKI, Brahman poet, xxi. 280.
VALMY, Duke of (Kellermann), French
marshal, xiv. 29.
VALOIS, House of, French dynasty, IX.
545; its connexion with Capet family,
v. 55.
, Adrian de, French historiographer,
L 784.
— , Felix de, abbot of Trinitarians,
xxm. 574.
VALONA (Avlona), town, Albania, in.
157-
VALONIA, tanning material, XL 88; xiv.
382; xvii. 694.
VALPARAISO, town, Chili, xxiv. 44;
province, v. 617.
VALPY, A. J., his editions of the classics,
in. 657.
VALRHEIN, mountain, Switzerland, i.
621; xxm. 351.
VALS, spa, France, xxiv. 45; xvi. 435.
VALSALVA, Antonio Maria, Italian ana
tomist, I. 813; xv. 815.
VALSERINE, river, France, xx. 528.
VALS-LES-BAINS, spa, France, xxiv.
45; xvi. 435.
VALTELLINA, district, North Italy,
xxiv. 45; xxn. 791, 794.
VALUE, in economics, xxiv. 45; in rela
tion to wealth, xxiv. 461; socialistic
views of, xxii. 211 ; Marx on, xxn. 211.
See also article Political Economy.
VALUIKI, town, Russia, xxiv. 298.
VALVATA, genus of snails, xxn. 188.
VALVES, VALVE-MOTIONS, in steam-
engine, xxn. 501.
— , of the heart, L 900; xxiv. 98; of
the veins, I. 905; xxiv. 103.
VALVULAR DISEASE, of the heart, XL
553-
VAMCAVALI, Nepalese chronicle, xvii.
344-
VAMPIRE, bat, xxiv. 52; 111.432; vn.62;
xv. 415; sense of touch in, xxm. 479.
VAMPYRELLA, genus of Protozoa, xix.
839-
VAN, town, Asiatic Turkey, xxiv. 53;
province, xxm. 653.
— , Lake, Asiatic Turkey, xxiv. 53;
xiv. 222; xxm. 654.
VANADINE BRONZITE, mineral, xvi.
416.
VANADINITE, mineral, xvi. 407.
VANADIUM, chemical element, XXIV.
545 v- 539; i11 iron> XIIL 284-
VAN ALPHEN, Hieronymus, Dutch
writer, xn. 97.
VANBRUGH, Sir John, English dramatist
and architect, xxiv. 54; II. 443; VII.
436.
VAN BUREN, Martin, president of the
United States, XXIV. 56; xin. 766.
VANCOUVER, George, English navigator,
xxiv. 56; x. 190.
ISLAND, British Columbia, xxiv.
57; its mineral wealth, vi. 169.
VAN CUELEN, Ludolph, mathematician,
xxn. 434.
VANDALS, Teutonic people, xxiv. 58;
xx. 780; in Spain, xxn. 308.
VANDALUS (Vistula), river, Russian
Poland, xix. 307.
VAN DEN BOSCH, Johannes, governor
of Dutch East Indies, xn. 820; xin.
604.
VAN DEN ENDE, Franz, Dutch physi
cian and teacher, xxn. 400.
VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY, at Nash
ville, Tennessee, U.S.A., xvii. 236.
VAN DER GOES, Hugo, Flemish painter,
x. 721.
VAN DER GOES, Jan, Dutch poet, n.
138; xn. 95.
VAN DER HELST, Bartholomanis, Dutch
painter, XI. 641.
VAN DER HEYDEN, Jan, Dutch painter,
XL 784.
VAN DER MEER, Jan, Dutch painter
xv. 824.
VAN DER PALM, Johannes Henricus,
Dutch historian, xn. 97.
VAN DER WEYDEN, Roger (c. 1400-64),
Flemish painter, xxi. 439, 443; his
connexion with Memling, xv. 846.
VAN DER WEYDEN, Roger (1450-1529),
Flemish painter, xxi. 439, 443.
VANDEVELDE, Adrian, Dutch painter,
xxiv. 59.
, William, Dutch painter, xxiv. 59.
VAN-DIEMEN'S-LAND, or Tasmania
('/.v.), island, Australasia, xxn I. 72.
VAN DYCK, Sir Anthony, Flemish
painter, XXIV. 59.
VANDYKE BROWN, pigment, xix. 88.
VANE, in architecture, n. 475.
, Sir Henry, English Parliamen
tarian, xxiv. 65.
VANELLUS, genus of birds, xiv. 308.
VANESSA (Esther Vanhomrigh), friend
of Dean Swift, xxn. 765; in. 590.
VAN EYCK, Hubert, Flemish painter,
VIII. 814.
VAN EYCK, Jan, Flemish painter, vin.
815; xxi. 438.
VAN GOYEN, Jan Josephszoon, Dutch
painter, XL 23.
VAN HAREN, Onno Zwier, Dutch poet,
xn. 96.
VAN HAREN, Willem, Dutch poet, xn.
96.
VAN HELMONT, Jean Baptist e, Belgian
mystic and alchemist, xi. 638; I. 467;
v. 460; xv. 8 10.
VANHOMRIGH, Esther, Dean Swift's
Vanessa, xxii. 765 ; her bequest to
Berkeley, in. 590.
VANIKORO, island, Santa Crux, Pacific,
xvii. 395.
VANILLA, spice, xxiv. 66.
VANILLIN, principle in vanilla, v. 573;
XXIV. 66; as perfume, xvni. 526.
VANINI, Lucilio, Italian pantheist, xxiv.
67.
VANITY FAIR, Thackeray's novel, xxm.
215.
VANITY OF HUMAN WISHES, by John
son, xin. 723.
VANLOO, Charles Andrew, Italian
painter, xxiv. 68.
— , John Baptist, French painter,
xxiv. 68.
VAN MINE, Montgomeryshire, Wales,
xvi. 453.
VANNED, Stefano, Italian musician,
xvn. 84.
VANNES, town, France, xxiv. 68.
VAN NOORT, Adam, Flemish painter,
xxi. 41.
VANNUCCHI (Andrea del Sarto), Italian
painter, XXI. 315.
V A N — V A V
455
VANNUCCI, Pietro (Perugino), Italian
painter, xvm. 680.
VAN NUYSSEN, Abraham Janssens,
Flemish painter, xin. 568.
VANOZZA, Rosa, mistress of Rodrigo
Borgia (Pope Alexander VI.), I. 487.
VAN TILBORGH, Egidius, Flemish
painter, XXIII. 175.
VAN TWILLER, "Wouter, director, New
Netherland, America, xvil. 454.
VANUA LEVU, one of the Fiji Islands,
ix. 156.
VAN VEEN, Heemskerk, Dutch painter,
xi. 611.
VAN VEEN, Otto, Flemish painter, xxi.
41.
VAPINCUM (Gap), ancient town, France,
x. 72.
VAPOUR, laws of its formation, vin.
727; limits of elasticity of, VII. 801;
amount of aqueous, in atmosphere, ill.
32; xvi. 138; instrument for measur
ing, XII. 569; Deville's dissociation
experiments with, xxi. 166; as steam,
XXII. 483 ; determination of vapour-
density, v. 547; volcanic vapours, x.
241.
- BATHS, in. 440.
VAPOURS, The, disease, xn. 598.
VAR, department, France, xxiv. 68.
VARANGIANS, Scandinavian guards, at
Constantinople, xi. 116.
VARASD, town, Austria, xxiv. 69;
frontier generalate, xvi. 295.
VARDANES, Parthian king, xvm. 60 1.
VARDAR, Iron Gate of the, pass, Mace
donia, xv. 137.
VARDHAMANA, leader of the Jains,
India, XIII. 543.
VAREN, Bernhard (Varenius), German
geographer, xxiv. 69.
VARIA, Sabine town, Italy, xxi. 129.
VARIABLE, Complex, in mathematics,
xxiv. 69.
VARIATION, Magnetic, xv. 220.
AND SELECTION, in biology, xxiv.
76, 818; i. 87; vni. 750.
VARIATIONS, Calculus of, xxiv. 85;
Lagrange's contributions to, Xiv. 207.
VARICOSE VEINS, xxn. 684.
VARIETY, Hamilton's Law of, in psy
chology, xx. 49.
VARINA (Miss Waring), object of Dean
Swift's attentions, xxn. 765.
VARINUS of Gamers, Italian scholar,
xi. 238.
VARIOLA, disease, xxn. 162.
VARISCITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
VARIUS AVITUS (Heliogabalus), Roman
emperor, xi. 632.
VARLEY, Cornelius, English painter,
xxiv. 90.
— , John, English painter, xxiv. 90.
VARLEY'S TELEGRAPHIC INSULATOR,
xxni. 114.
VARNA, town, Bulgaria, xxiv. 90; battle
of (1444), xix. 289; xxi'i. 642.
VARNHAGEN VON ENSE, Karl August,
German biographer, xxiv. 91.
VARNISH, xxiv. 91; copal, vi. 342;
Japanese, XIII. 590, 592; painter's,
xvm. 138; for violins, xxiv. 246.
VARO, island, Norway, xiv. 769.
VAROLI, Constantio, Italian anatomist,
I. 809.
VARRO, Marcus Terentius, Roman man
of letters, xxiv. 92; xx. 719; his
chronology of Rome, v. 710; his
economic teaching, xix. 350 ; his
language and style, Xiv. 334.
, Publius Terentius, Roman poet,
xxiv. 94.
VARRONIANUS, Donaldson's work, vn.
357-
VARTHEMA, Ludovico di, Italian
traveller, X. 179.
VARTRY, river, Ireland, xxiv. 557.
VARUNA, Vedic god, iv. 208; xvi. 530.
VARUS, P. Quintilius, Roman general,
x. 475.
VARVICITE, mineral, xvi. 387.
VASA, Gustavus, king of Sweden, xi.
333; xxn. 747.
, Duke Charles, regent of Sweden,
xxn. 748.
VASARHELY, Hodmezo, town, Hungary,
xii. 41.
, Maros, town, Transylvania, XV.
562.
VASARI, Giorgio, Italian painter and
writer on art, xxiv. 94.
VASCO, Giambattista, Italian economist,
xix. 362.
DA GAMA, Portuguese navigator,
x. 57, 181; xii. 796; XIX. 545; doub
ling of Cape of Good Hope by, v. 44.
VASCULAR SYSTEM, or Organs of Circu
lation, xxiv. 95: i. 899; xix. 16; in
Amphibia, I. 763; in birds, II. 726;
in Crustacea, VI. 640; in fishes, xn.
658; in mammals, xv. 364; in reptiles,
xx. 459.
VASES, Ancient, xix. 605, 608, 614;
gold and silver, xix. 178; painted,
early Greek, 1 1. 353, 359, 364; Corin
thian, II. 348; Etruscan, vin. 641,
644; Greek, designs on, vn. 448.
VASHISHTHA, Brahmanic sage, xn. 782.
VASILII IVANOVICH, sovereign of Russia,
xxi. 91.
VASILIKA, village, Greece, xxn. 32.
VASILIKI, village, Santa Maura, Ionian
Islands, xxi. 297.
VASILKOFF, town, Russia, xxiv. 110.
VASSAL, in feudal system, xiv. 114;
tenure of land bv, in England, XIV.
264.
VASSAR COLLEGE, at Poughkeepsie,
New York, U.S.A., xix. 644.
VASSEUR, Therese le, mistress of Rous
seau, xxi. 24.
VASTO, town, Italy, xxiv. 1 10.
VAS-VARMEGYE (Eisenburg), county,
Hungary, vn. 790.
VATATZES, John III., emperor of Nicaea,
xin. 713.
VATE, island, New Hebrides, XVIL 395.
I VATHY, town, Ithaca, Greece, XIII. 517.
— , town, Samos, ^Egean Sea, XXI.
250.
VATICAN COUNCIL, xxiv. 1 10.
\TATICAN LIBRARY, at Rome, xiv. 528,
548; Oriental MSS. of, n. 728.
VATICAN PALACE, Rome, xx. 835;
Raphael's paintings in, xx. 277.
VATICANUS, Codex, MS. of New Testa
ment, in. 646; xvm. 147.
VATKE, on the Pentateuch, xvm. 508.
VATOPEDE, convent on Mount Athos,
Turkey, I. 1 1.
VATTEL, Emer de, Swiss jurist, xxiv.
113; on the balance of power, in.
267.
VATTELUTTU, Tamil alphabet, xxni,
42.
VAUBAN, Sebastien Le Prestre de, French
marshal, XXIV. 113; as military
engineer, IX. 578; on fortification,
IX. 441, 444; as political economist,
xix. 359.
VAUBERNIER, Marie Jeanne de
(Madame Du Barry), mistress of
Louis XV., VII. 494.
VAUBOIS, Comte de, French general, his
defence of Malta (1798), xv. 343.
VAUCHAM°S, France, Battle of (1814),
XVII. 221.
VAUCLUSE, department, France, xxiv.
114.
, Petrarch's retreat, xxiv. 114;
xvm. 707, 708.
VAUD, canton, Switzerland, xxiv. 114:
xxn. 793.
, Pays de, district of mediaeval
Switzerland, xxiv. 1 1 5.
VAUDEVILLE, variety of French drama,
vn. 427; xvni. 215.
VAUDOIS, or "Waldenses (q.i:), religious
sect, xxiv. 323.
VAUGHAN, Henry, Welsh poet, xxiv.
115.
, Thomas, Welsh writer and
alchemist, xxiv. 116.
, Sir William, his Golden Fleece,
I. 720.
VAULT, in architecture, II. 426, 430.
VAULTING, in gymnastics, XI. 35.
, Groined, in architecture, II. 465.
VAUQUELIN, Louis Nicolas, French
chemist, XXIV. 116; 011 the com
position of alum, I. 644; his patronage
of Thenard, xxill. 251.
VAUQUELINITE, mineral, xvi. 403.
VAUVENARGUES, Luc de Clapiers,
Marquis de, French moralist, xxiv.
116; IX. 670.
VAUX, Clotilde de, her relations with
Comte, vi. 233.
VAVAU, island, South Pacific, ix. 779.
VAVAVATO, district, Madagascar, xv.
1 68.
456
V A Z — V E N
VAZIMBA, tribe, Madagascar, xv. 173.
VAZOFF, Bulgarian poet, xxn. 150.
VEAL, Mrs, Defoe's novel, vn. 28, 468.
VECELLI, Francesco, Italian painter,
xxni. 416.
, Gregorio, Italian councillor and
soldier, XXIII. 414.
— , Orazio, Italian painter, xxm. 416.
, or Vecellio, Tiziano (Titian, q.v.),
Italian painter, xxm. 413.
VECHT, river, Holland, XX. 519.
VECTIS, Roman name for Isle of Wight,
xxiv. 562.
VEDANGAS, branches of Vedic (Hindu)
science, xxi. 274.
VEDANTA, Hindu philosophical writings,
xxiv. 117; xxi. 290.
VEDAS, Hindu sacred writings, n. 698;
iv. 201; xii. 779; xxi. 273; on
caste, v. 1 88; Gnostic portion of, XXIV.
117; mythic stories of, xvil. 152.
VEDDAHS, people of Ceylon, xxiv. 120.
VEDEL, old Danish writer, vil. 90.
VEDIANTll, Ligurian tribe, Italy, xiv.
640.
VEEN, Heemskerk van, Dutch painter,
XL 611.
— , Otto van, Flemish painter, XXI. 41.
VEGA, Garcilaso de la, Spanish soldier
and poet, x. 74; xvm. 346; xxn.
357-
, Garcilaso Inca de la, Spanish
historian, x. 74.
, Georg von, Austrian logarithmist,
xiv. 775; xxm. 9.
CARPIO, Lope Felix de, Spanish
dramatist and poet, xxiv. 121; vn.
420; xxii. 357, 358.
VEGAS, irrigated plains, Spain, xxn.
299.
VEGETABLE BATHS, in. 439.
VEGETABLE CREEK MINE, New South
Wales, xvi. 471.
VEGETABLE HISTOLOGY, xn. 10.
VEGETABLE IVORY, xin. 524; XVIL
664.
VEGETABLE KINGDOM, xxiv. 124; in.
690; IV. 79; Linnseus's classification of,
xiv. 672; longevity in, xiv. 857. See
also Botany and Plant.
VEGETABLE MARROW, gourd, XL 4 ;
xii. 283.
VEGETABLE PARASITISM, xvm. 264.
VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY, xix. 43.
VEGETABLES, Garden, xn. 278; culti
vation of, I. 384; poisonous, xv. 782.
VEGETATION, Chemistry of, xiv. 567.
— ZONES, in the Alps, I. 631.
VEGETIUS, Flavins Renal us, Roman
military writer, xxiv. 132.
, Publius, Roman veterinary sur
geon, xxiv. 197.
VEGLIA, island, Adriatic, xxiv. 132.
VEHMGERICHTE (Fehmic Courts), Ger
many, ix. 63; x. 495.
VEII, Etruscan town, Italy, VIII. 634;
capture of, by Romans, xx. 739.
VEILE, town, Denmark, vn. 83.
VEINS, in anatomy, I. 905; xxiv. 103,
107; diseases of, xxn. 684.
, in leaves, iv. 109.
— , Mineral, x. 317; xvi. 441.
VEITCH, James, Scottish mathematician
and philosopher, iv. 276.
VEJOVIS, name of Jupiter, xin. 780.
VELA, Blasco Nunez de, Peruvian
viceroy, xvm. 677.
VELABRUM, part of ancient Rome, xx.
824.
VELASQUEZ, Diego, Spanish governor
of Cuba, VI. 441.
VELAZQUEZ, Diego de Silva, Spanish
painter, xxiv. 132; as colourist, xvm.
139-
VELDEKE, Heinrich von, German writer,
x. 518, 523.
VELED, Sultan, Ottoman poet, xxm.
656.
VELEIA, ancient town, Italy, xxiv. 136.
VELEIKA, town, Russia, xxiv. 234.
VELESA (Koprili), town, Turkey in
Europe, xiv. 140.
VELESLAVIN, Bohemian printer and
writer, XXII. 152.
VELEZ DE GUEVARA, Luiz, Spanish
novelist, XI. 248; XXII. 358.
VELEZ-MALAGA, town, Spain, xxiv.
136.
VELIKAYA, river, Russia, xx. 35; xxi.
73-
VELIKIYA LUKI, town, Russia, xx. 36.
VELINO, Falls of, Perugia, Italy, xxm.
190.
, Monte, mountain, Italy, xin. 438.
VELIZH, town, Russia, xxiv. 137.
VELLEIUS PATERCULUS, Marcus,
Roman historian, xvm. 358.
VELLETRI, town, Italy, xxiv. 137.
VELLIKONDA, district, Karnul, India,
xiv. 6.
VELLORE, town, India, xxiv. 137.
VELLUM, xiv. 390; xvm. 271; ancient
use of, xvm. 144, 147, 162.
VELOCIPEDE, xxm. 559.
VELOCITY, in mechanics, xv. 681, 769;
vni. 207; of light, xiv. 584; xxiv.
458; of sound, I. 104; xxiv. 418; of
the wind, xvi. 1 56.
VELSK, town, Russia, xxiv. 283.
VELTEN, St, bishop and martyr, xxiv.
36.
VELTHEN, Magister Johann, German
dramatist, vn. 441.
VELVET, silken textile, xxiv. 137, 467;
ancient, XXIII. 209; dyeing of, vn.
579-
| VELVET-DUCK, bird, xxi. 470.
VENANTIUS HONORIUS CLEMENTI-
ANUS FORTUNATUS, Latin poet, ix.
469.
VENATION, of leaves, iv. 109.
VENDACE, fish, xxiv. 137; xxi. 223.
VENDEE, department, France, xxiv.
137; insurrection in, ix. 605.
VENDEE DIAMOND, kind of quartz.
xxiv. 138.
VENDETTA, Practice of, in Sardinia,
xxi. 309.
VENDIDAD, part of Zend-Avesta, xxiv.
775> 823.
VENDOME, town, France, xxiv. 138;
xiv. 809.
VENDOR, in law, xxi. 206.
VENEER, Marble, in wall decorations,
xvn. 35.
VENEERING, in cabinet work, xxiv.
138; ix. 849.
VENER, Lake, Sweden, xxn. 736.
VENERATION, in phrenology, xvm.
845-
VENEREAL DISEASES, xvm. 404; xxn.
686; in the horse, xxiv. 202.
VENETI, ancient Italian people, xin. 447.
VENETIA, province, Italy, xxiv. 141.
VENETIAN ALPS, i. 630.
VENEZUELA, republic, South America,
xxiv. 139; I. 712; revolt of, from
Spain, I. 710; liberation of, by Bolivar,
IV. 7; forests, ix. 406; newspapers,
XVII. 437.
VENGEANCE, Private, in Roman law,
xx. 675; in Sardinia, xxi. 309.
VENICE, town and former republic,
Italy, xxiv. 141; xin. 479; occupa
tion of Greece by, xi. 121; war of
Louis XII. of France with, ix. 555;
occupation of, by Napoleon (1797),
xvn. 198; conflict with Ottoman em
pire, xxm. 642; contest with Pope
Paul V., xvm. 431; relations to the
popedom, xix. 505; its support of
Father Sarpi, xxi. 311; bank of, in.
316; bridge of the Rialto, iv. 332;
coins, xvn. 657; commerce, vi.
199; musical conservatory, vi. 291;
dialect of, xm. 494; cloges, vn. 331;
glass making, x. 652; libraries, xiv.
530, 548; majolica ware, xix. 628; St
Mark's church, n. 435; crypt in St
Mark's, vi. 669; nobles, xvn. 527;
school of painting, xxi. 436, 442;
pictures in, xxi. 447; porcelain, Xix.
636; sculpture, XXI. 568; Tintoretto's
pictures in, XX. 609; Titian's pictures
in, xxm. 414, 416; Turner's pictures
of, xxm. 667.
PRESERVED, Otway's drama, xvm.
70.
TURPENTINE, xiv. 310.
VENI CREATOR, ancient hvmn, xn.
583-
VENIERI, Sebastian, Venetian admiral
and doge, xxiv. 145, 146.
VENKATAGIRI, town, India, xvn. 321.
VENLO, town, Holland, xxiv. 1 57.
VENNACHER, Loch, Scotland, xvm. 666.
VENNONES, or Venostes, Rhsi'tian people,
xx. 505.
VENTA ICENORUM (Norwich), ancient
town, England, xvn. 595.
VENTIDIUS, Roman general, xvm. 597.
V E N — V E S
457
VENTILATION, xxiv. 157; of bee hives,
III. 486; of drains, XXI. 715; of
hospitals, XII. 304; of mines, vi. 70;
xvi. 459.
VEXTNOR, town, Isle of "Wight, England,
xxiv. 162.
VENTRILOQUISM, vn. 63.
VENTURA, Luca d'Egidio di (Signorelli),
Italian painter, xxil. 50; xxi. 434,442.
VENUE, in law, xxiv. 162.
VENUS, Roman goddess (the Greek
Aphrodite), I. 788; n. 171; relations
with Adonis, I. 163; the Egyptian
Athor, ill. 13; temple of, at Rome, XX.
827; in classical sculpture, II. 356,
361; vii. 530; xv. 842.
, planet, II. 777, 782, 791 ; brightness
of, xiv. 582; transits of, II. 796;
xvili. 246; first observation of transit,
11.754; XII. 172; Assyrian worship of,
in. 176.
— , Vigil of, Latin poem, xvm. 683.
VENUS'S FLY-TRAP, insectivorous plant,
xin. 136.
VEPERI, part of Madras city, India, XV.
iSS.
VERA, Augusto, Italian philosopher,
xxiv. 162.
— CRUZ, state, Mexico, xvi. 214;
population, XXIV. 163.
CRUZ, town, Mexico, xxiv. 163.
VERATRUM, plant, xxiv. 163.
VERAWAL, town, India, XXIL 261.
VERB, in grammar, XL 41.
VERBANO (Maggiore, q.v.\ Lago, Italian
lake, xv. 198.
VERBENA, plant, xxiv. 163.
VERCELLI, town, Italy, xxiv. 163;
library, XIV. 531; university, XXIII.
833, 836.
— CODEX, Anglo-Saxon MS., vill.
406; MS. of Gospels in Latin, xxiv.
163-
VERCELLIS, Madame dc, friend of
Rousseau, xxi. 24.
VERCINGETORIX, Gallic chief, iv. 637.
VERD, Cape, West Africa, xxi. 661;
islands, v. 50; I. 272; in. 759.
VERDAGUER, Jacinto, Spanish poet,
xxn. 365.
VERDE ANTICO, variety of marble, xv.
529; xvi. 397.
VERDELHO WINE, Madeira, xv. 178.
VERDEN, Massacre of Saxons at (782),
v. 403-
VERDERER, in forest law, ix. 409.
VERDICT, of a jury, xin. 785, 787.
VERDIGRIS, or Acetate of Copper, vi.
351; as a poison, xix. 278.
, river, Nebraska, U.S.A., XVII.
307-
VERDITER BLUE, pigment, xix. 87.
VERDUN, town, France, xxiv. 164;
treaty of (843), ix. 534; x. 480; xv. 9.
VERGE-BOARD, in architecture, n. 475.
VERGENNES, Claire E. J. G. de (Madame
Remusat), French writer, XX. 379.
VERGIL, or Virgil (q.v.), Latin poet, XXIV.
248.
VERGNIAUD, Pierre Victurnien, F'rench
Revolutionist, xxiv. 164.
VERHULST, William, director, New
Netherland, America, xvn. 454.
VERJUICE, from crab apples, II. 212.
VERKH-ISSETSKii, town, Russia, xvm.
550.
VERKHNE-TCHIRSKAYA, town, Russia,
xvn. 500.
VERKHNEUDINSK, town, Transbaikalia,
Russia, xxiii. 511.
VERKHNE-URALSK, town, Russia, xxiv.
166; xvn. 826.
VERKHNII LOMOFF, town, Russia,
XVIIL 515.
VERKHOTURIE, town, Russia, xvm.
550.
VERMEER, Jan (J. van der Meer),
Dutch painter, xv. 824.
VERMEHREN, Danish painter, vn.
94-
VERMEJO, river, South America, xix.
188.
VERMES, group of animals, xxiv. 677;
embryology of, XX. 419; reproduction
of, XX. 409; organs of touch in, XXIII.
478; parasitic forms, XVIIL 259.
VERMICELLA, genus of snakes, xxn.
196.
VERMICELLI, article of food, xv. 125.
VERMIFORMIA, divison of Polyzoa, xix.
433-
VERMIGLI, Pietro Martire (Peter Martyr),
Italian Reformer, xxiv. 166.
VERMILION, pigment, xxiv. 166; xix.
87.
VERMLAND, county, Sweden, xxn.
741.
VERMONT, State, U.S.A., xxiv. 166.
VERNATION, of plants, arrangement of
leaves in bud, iv. 118.
VERNET, spa, France, xx. 128.
, Antoine Charles Horace (Carle
Vernet), French painter, xxiv. 169.
— , Claude Joseph, French painter,
xxiv. 168.
, Emile Jean Horace, French mili
tary painter, xxiv. 169.
-, Madame, her protection of Con-
dorcet, VI. 254.
VERNIER, micrometric instrument,
xxiv. 169; xvn. 256; XXIL 718.
, Pierre, French commandant, in
ventor of the vernier, xxiv. 169 ;
XVII. 256; XXIL 718.
VERNON, Edward, English admiral,
xxiv. 169.
— , James, English secretary of state
and letter writer, XXIV. 169.
VERODUNUM (Verdun), ancient town,
France, xxiv. 164.
VERONA, town, Italy, xxiv. 170; xx.
145; congress of (1822), vi. 271; xvi.
202; xxiv. 497; amphitheatre at, I.
775; libraries, xiv. 548; school of
painting, xxi. 436,443; pictures, xxi.
447-
VERONESE, Paolo, Italian painter, xxiv.
173; xxi. 436; his manner of colour
ing, xvm. 139; as colleague of Tin-
toret, XX. 610.
VERONICA, St, xxiv. 173.
VERRES, Roman governor, xxiv. 174.
VERRI, Pietro, Italian economist, xix.
362.
VERROCCHIO, Andrea del, Florentine
painter and sculptor, xxiv. 175; xiv.
456; xxi. 568.
VERRUCCHIO, Malatesta da, Italian
nobleman, xx. 556.
VERRUCAS, disease, xxiv. 377, 732.
- , Peru, Railway bridge at, XVIIL
675-
VERSAILLES, town, France, xxiv. 176;
treaty of (1756), IX. 588; treaty of
(1783), ix. 595; William I. of Prussia
proclaimed German emperor at (1871),
xxiv. 582; labyrinth at, xiv. 180;
libraries, xiv. 526, 546; palace, n.
441 ; Vernet's paintings in palace,
xxiv. 169; waterworks, n. 222.
VERSECZ, town, Hungary, xxiv. 1 78.
VERSIFICATION, in poetry, xix. 258.
VERTEBRA, XXIL in; xxiv. 178; in
human anatomy, I. 820; of Amphibia,
I. 751; of apes, II. 159; of birds, ill.
717; of fishes, XII. 640; of mammals,
xv. 356 (and article Mammalia
throughout); of reptiles, XX. 447.
VERTEBRATA, or Vertebrates, division of
animal kingdom, xxiv. 178; II. 53;
embryology of, xx. 420; nervous
system, XIX. 31; reproduction, xx.
409; skeleton, xxn. 106; in Lankester's
classification, xxiv. 812.
VERTIGO, Epileptic, VIIL 480.
VERTOT, Abbe de, French historian, ix.
668.
VERTUE, George, English engraver and
antiquary, xxiv. 188.
VERTUMNUS, Roman deity, xix 443.
VERT VERT, Gresset's poem, XL 187.
VERULAM, Baron (Francis Bacon, q.v.),
in. 200.
VERULAMIUM (St Albans), Roman town,
Britain, xxi. 156.
VERUS, JElius, Roman general, xvm.
604.
- - , M. Aurelius, Roman emperor, IIL
86; xx. 773, 775; xxn. 573.
, Martins, Roman general, XVIIL
604.
VERVIERS, town, Belgium, xxiv. 188.
VERVINS, France, Treaty of (1598), ix.
564.
VERWER, Adriaen, on sea-rights, xxi.
584-
VESALIUS, or Vesale, Andreas, Flemish
anatomist, I. 807; on the organs of
circulation, xxiv. 95.
VESICAL DISEASES, xxiv. 188.
VESIEGONSK, tuwn, Russia, xxm. 672.
XXV. — 58
458
y E S — V I E
VESOUL, town, France, xxiv. 191; xxi.
301.
VESPA, genus of insects, xxiv. 391.
VESPASIAN (Titus Flavins Vespasianus),
Roman emperor, xxiv. 191; XX. 772;
in Judaea, xm. 427; temple of, at
Rome, XX. 820.
VESPERS, canonical hour, xxiv. 192; iv.
263.
— AT BLACKFRIARS, London, Acci
dent at (1623), xiv. 847.
VESPERTILIONID^;, family of bats, xv.
410.
VESPID^E, family of insects, xxiv. 391.
VESPUCCI, Amerigo, Italian navigator,
xxiv. 192; x. 181.
VESTA, Roman goddess (the Greek
Hestia), XXIV. 193; temple of, at
Rome, XX. 818, 819; temple of, at
Tivoli, n. 417; pilgrimage to temple
of, xix. 91.
— , asteroid, n. 807.
VESTALIA, Roman festival, xxiv. 195.
VESTAL VIRGINS, Roman priestesses,
xxiv. 193.
VESTAS, matches, xv. 626.
VESTERAALEN, islands, Norway, xiv.
768; xvn. 577.
VESTERAS, county, Sweden, xxn. 741.
VESTERBOTTEN, county, Sweden, xxn.
741.
VESTERNORRLAND, county, Sweden,
xxii. 741.
VESTFJOLD KINGS, of Norway, xvn.
585.
VESTIGES OF CREATION, anonymous
work, by Robert Chambers, v. 381;
xxiv. 77.
VESTMANLAND, county, Sweden, xxii.
741.
VESTMENTS, Ecclesiastical, xxiv. 195;
vi. 461.
VESTOCHNYI, Cape, Eastern Siberia,
xv. 547.
VESTRIS, Madame, English actress, xv.
632.
VESTRY BOARDS, of London, xiv. 820.
VESUNNA (Perigueux), Roman town,
France, xvm. 534.
VESUVIANS, matches, xv. 626.
VESUVIUS, volcano, Italy, xxiv. 195;
x. 243 ; xvn. 187; destruction of
Pompeii by, xix. 444.
VESZELYITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
VESZPREM, town, Hungary, xxiv. 197.
VETCHES, Culture of, i. 376.
VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, of British
army, II. 584.
VETERINARY SCIENCE, xxiv. 197.
VETLANKA, Russia, Plague at, xix. 167.
VETLUGA, river, Russia, xxiv. 279.
VETO, in constitutional law, xxiv. 206;
of the Roman tribune, xxni. 558;
presidential, of United States, xxni.
749-
ACT, of Church of Scotland, IX.
743; xxi. 538.
VETRANIC-CAVCIC, Nicholas, Ragusan
dramatist, xxi. 690.
VETTER, Lake, Sweden, xxii. 736.
VETTORE, Monte, mountain, Italy,
xm. 437.
VETULONIA, Etruscan town, Italy, vm.
636.
VETURII, Ligurian tribe, Italy, xiv.
640.
VEVAY, town, Switzerland, xxiv. 115.
VEXIN, district, Normandy, France,
xvn. 539, 544.
VEYSI, Turkish writer, xxni. 656.
VEZELAY ABBEY, France, Architecture
of, n. 430.
VIADUCTS, iv. 284; railway, xx. 234.
VIAREGGIO, town, Italy, xxiv. 208.
VIATICUM, last communion to the
dying, XXIV. 208.
VIATKA, or Vyatka, government, Russia,
xxiv. 302; town, xxiv. 303.
VlAU, or Viaud, Theophile de, French
poet, xxiv. 208; ix. 656.
VIAZEMSKI, Prince, Russian poet, xxi.
109.
VIBORG, town, Denmark, vn. 83.
-, town, Finland, xxiv. 209.
VIBRATION, Effect of, on iron and
steel, xm. 355; on magnetization,
xv. 268.
-, Light propagated as, xxiv. 421.
VIBRATIONS OF SOUND, i. 100; xvn.
105; communication of, I. 116; of
human voice, xxiv. 275.
VIBROGRAPHS, acoustic instruments, i.
1 10.
VICAR, in ecclesiastical law, xxiv. 209;
I. 179; xxin. 412; of an English
parish, xvm. 296.
VICAR-CHORAL, ecclesiastical officer,
xxiv. 209.
VICAR-GENERAL, in ecclesiastical law,
xxiv. 209; in. 559.
VICAR OF WAKEFIELD, Goldsmith's
tale, x. 762.
VICE, tool, xi. 439.
VICE-ADMIRAL, Office of, i. 159.
VlCE-COMES, Anglo-Norman officer,
xxiv. 261.
VICENTE, Gil, Portuguese dramatist,
xxiv. 209; vii. 420; xix. 556; as
pastoral poet, xvm. 346.
VICENTIA (Vicenza), ancient town, Italy,
xxiv. 210.
VICENZA, town, Italy, xxiv. 210; uni
versity of, xxni. 836.
VICE-PRESIDENT, of United States,
xxill. 750; list of vice-presidents,
XXIIL 787.
VlCH, town, Spain, xxiv. 210.
VICHY, town, France, xxiv. 210;
mineral water of, xvi. 435.
ViCHY-CHAMROND, Maria de, Marquise
du Deffand, VII. 25.
VICKSBURG, town, Mississippi, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 21 1 ; battle of (1863), xxill.
778.
VlCO, Giovan Battista, Italian jurist and
philosopher, xxiv. 211; xm. 512.
, Pietro di, prefect of Rome, xx.
795-
VICRAMADITYA, Era of, v. 719.
VICTIM, Sacrificial, xxi. 132.
VICTOR I., St, bishop of Rome, xxiv.
213; xix. 489.
1 1.- 1 1 1., popes, xxiv. 213.
IV., two antipopes, xxiv. 213.
, Claude Perrin, French marshal,
XXIV. 213.
-, Sextus Aurelius, Roman consul
and historian, xxiv. 214.
— AMADEUS I., duke of Savoy, xxi.
342.
— AMADEUS II., king of Sardinia,
xxi. 342; xm. 484.
— AMADEUS III., of Sardinia, xxi.
342-
— EMMANUEL, king of Italy, xxiv.
214; xm. 488; xxi. 342.
VICTORIA, queen of England, VIII. 366.
, British colony, Australia, xxiv.
215; in. 114; mines, xvi. 471; xxi.
48; newspapers, xvii. 437; opium cul
tivation, xvn. 792; railways, xx. 253.
, district, Western Australia, xxiv.
507.
, town, Brazil, xxiv. 218.
, town, British Columbia, xxiv.
218.
-, town, Hong-Kong, China, xn.
141.
— , Lake, Central Asia, xvm. 103.
- BRIDGE, at Montreal, Canada, iv.
339; xvi. 794.
— CAVE, Yorkshire, England, v. 270.
FALLS, river Parana, Argentine
Republic, xix. 188.
— FALLS, Zambesi river, Africa,
xxiv. 765; i. 255; discovery of, I.
247; xiv. 721.
— NYANZA, Lake, Africa, xvn. 504,
507.
- PARK, London, xiv. 824.
PEAK, Vancouver Island, xxiv. 57.
- REGIA, water-lily, xxiv. 402.
- UNIVERSITY, at Manchester, Eng
land, xxni. 854.
VlCTORINES, The, mystics, xvn. 132.
VlCUNA, or Vicugna, ungulate mammal,
I. 598; iv. 13; xiv. 739; iniluence of
domestication on, iv. 251.
VlCUS AQUENSIS (Bagneres-de-Bigorre),
ancient town, France, in. 235.
Vicus IRI/E (Voghera), ancient town,
Italy, xxiv. 272.
VIDA, Marco Girolamo, Italian Latin
poet, xxiv. 219.
VlDAGO, spa, Portugal, XVI. 435.
VlDAL, Peire, Provencal poet, XIX. 874.
•, Ramon, Catalan poet, xxi I. 363.
VIDONIA WlNE, Teneriffe, IV. 797;
xxiv. 607.
VlDUA, genus of birds, XXIV. 463.
VIEDMA LAKE, Patagonia, xvm. 353.
V I E — V I N
459
VlElLLOT, Louis Pierre, on birds, xvm.
7-
ViEN, Joseph Marie, French painter,
xxiv. 219.
ViEN-CHANG, town, Siam, xxi. 853.
VIENNA, capital of Austria-Hungary,
xxiv. 219; siege of, by the Turks
(1529), xxin. 643; siege of, by the
Turks (1683), in. 126; xiv. 466; xix.
296; xxiil. 645; taken by Bonaparte
(1805), in. 132; peace of (1809), ill.
134; IX. 616; congress of (1814-15),
in. 135, 270; VI. 270; IX. 618; xin.
485; xiv. 855; xvii. 223; xix. 298;
revolution at (1848), in. 136; academy
of surgery, I. 77; libraries, XIV. 527,
547; newspapers, xvn. 429; imperial
observatory, XVII. 713; telescope in
observatory, xxiil. 149; picture gal
leries, xxi. 445; porcelain, xix. 640;
Canova's sculpture in, xxi. 570; uni
versity, xxiil. 840, 851; waterworks,
II. 228.
VIENNE, department and town, France,
XXIV. 222.
, river, France, xiv. 806.
— , Haute-, department, France, XXIV.
223.
, John de, leader of the French in
Scotland (1381), xxi. 490.
VlEQUEZ, island, Porto Kico, West Indies,
xix. 532.
VIERGE AUX ROCHERS, Leonardo's
painting, Xiv. 460.
VlERWALDSTATTERSEE, 01' Lake of
Lucerne (q.v.\ Switzerland, xv. 41.
VIERZON, town, France, xxiv. 223.
YIETA, Francois, French mathematician,
xxiv. 224; his application of algebra
to geometry, I. 514; on squaring the
circle, xxil. 434; his contributions to
trigonometry, XXlll. 562.
VlEUSSENS, Raymond, French anatomist,
I. 812, 813.
VIEUZAC, Barere de, French Revolu
tionist, in. 373.
VIGEVANO, town, Italy, xxiv. 224.
VIGIL, Ecclesiastical, xxiv. 224.
VIGILANTIUS, early writer on super
stitious practices, xxiv. 224; his
warning against monachism, xvi. 703.
VIGILIUS, pope, xxiv. 225; xix. 493;
his relations with Pope Pelagius I.,
xvin. 473.
VIGIL OF VENUS, Latin poem, xvin.
683.
VIGNA, Pietro de la, or Pier delle
Vigne, Italian minister to Frederick
II., xxiv. 225; inventor of the sonnet,
xxii. 262; xin. 500.
VIGNACOURT, Alof de, grand-master of
Knights Hospitallers, xxi. 175.
VIGNE, Pier delle. See Vigna.
VIGNEMALE, mountain, France, XX. 127.
VIGNETTE, in architecture, n. 475.
VIGNOBLES, district, Neuchatel, Switzer
land, XVII. 361.
VlGNOLA, Giacomo Barozzio da, Italian
architect, in. 380; xx. 836.
VIGNY, Alfred de, French poet and
adventurer, xxiv. 225.
VlGO, town,' Spain, xxiv. 226; xix. 455.
VIGORS, Nicholas Aylward, on birds,
xvin. 15.
VIGTEN ISLANDS, Norway, xvn. 576.
VIJIL, Francisco de Paula, Peruvian
orator and statesman, xvin. 676.
VIK, district, Norway, xvn. 584.
VIKINGS, Northern sea-rovers, their early
expeditions, xvn. 584; their knowledge
of geography, x. 178; their possession
of Orkney and Shetland, xvn. 848;
invasion of Scotland by, xxi. 477.
VIKRAMADITYA, king of Ujjain, India,
xii. 789.
VIKRAMORVASI, Kalidasa's Sanskrit
drama, xm. 829; xxi. 285.
Vi LAICA REMOVENDA, obsolete English
writ, xxiv. 695.
VILAYET, Turkish administrative divi
sion, XXIIL 654.
VILCAMAYU, river, Peru, XVIII. 673;
valley, XVIII. 675.
VILKOMIR, town, Russia, XXIV. 226.
VlLLACREZES, congregation of reformed
Franciscans, IX. 699.
VILLA DE CONTAS, town, Brazil, xxiv.
227.
VILLA DE HORTA, town, Azores, in.
172.
VILLA DO Rio PARDO, town, Brazil,
xxiv. 227.
VlLLAFRANCA, Italy, Conference and
peace of (1859), in. 139; ix. 624; xin.
490; xvii. 228.
VILLAGE, in United States, XXIIL 827.
— , The, Crabbe's poem, VI. 539.
— COMMUNITIES, xiv. 365; in Russia,
xxi. 70, 83.
TENURE, of land, xiv. 260.
VILLA HAYES, town, Paraguay, xvin.
244.
VILLAINAGE, in England, vi. 355; vin.
325; xxn. 137.
VlLLANl, Filippo, Italian biographer,
xxiv. 228.
, Giovanni, Italian chronicler, XXIV.
227; xin. 505; xx. 385.
, Matteo, Italian historian, xxiv.
VILLA NOVA DA GAIA, suburb of
Oporto, Portugal, xvn. 795.
VILLANUEVA, town, Mexico, xxiv. 761.
— DEL GRAO, town, Spain, xxiv.
34-
VILLA PILAR, town, Paraguay, xvin.
244.
VILLA REAL, town, Portugal, xxin.
525.
VILLA RICA, town, Paraguay, xvin.
244.
VILLARS, Claude Louis Hector, Due de,
French general, xxiv. 228; IX. 581.
VILLARSITE, mineral, xvi. 415.
VlLLEFRANCHE DE ROUERGUE, town,
France, xxiv. 228.
VlLLEFRANCHE-SUR-SAdNE, town,
France, xxiv. 229.
VILLEHARDOUIN, Geoffroy de, French
chronicler, xxiv. 229; ix. 645.
•, Godfrey, prince of Achaia, xxiv.
229; capture of Nauplia by (1211),
XVII. 249.
VILLEINAGE, in England, vi. 355; vin.
325; xxn. 137.
VILLEIN-SOCAGE, system of land tenure,
England, xix. 734.
VILLEMAIN, Abel Fran§ois, French
literary historian, xxiv. 231; ix. 680.
VILLEMARQUE, Theodore Hersart,
Vicomte de la, on Breton literature,
V. 324.
VILLENA, town, Spain, xxiv. 231.
, Enrique de, Spanish poet, XXII.
355-
VlLLENAGE, or Villeinage (q.v.), VI. 355.
VILLENEUVE, Pierre C. J. B. S. de,
French admiral at Trafalgar, xvi I.
323-
ViLLENEUVE-SUR-LoT, town, France,
xxiv. 231.
VlLLlERS, George, first duke of Buck
ingham, IV. 417; Bacon's connexion
with, in. 206.
, George, second duke of Bucking
ham, iv. 419.
-, George William Frederick, fourth
earl of Clarendon, v. 807.
-, John de, master of Knights Hos
pitallers, xxi. 174.
VILLON, Francis, French poet, xxiv.
232; ix. 647.
VlLMANSTRAND, town, Finland, xxiv.
209.
VlLMORIN, Henry de, French agricul
turist, xxiv. 532.
VlLNA, government, Russia, xxiv. 233.
— , town, Russia, xxiv. 234; obser
vatory at, xvii. 714.
VILUI, river, Siberia, xxn. 5; xxiv.
726.
VIMIERO, Portugal, Battle of (1808),
xxiv. 495.
VlNAGO, genus of birds, xix. 85.
VlNCENNES, town, France, xxiv. 234.
— , town, Indiana, U.S.A., xxiv. 234.
VINCENT, St, Spanish deacon and
martyr, xxiv. 234.
— of Beauvais, mediaeval encyclo
pedist, xxiv. 235; vin. 192; xxi.
427.
— of Lerins, St, ecclesiastical writer,
xxiv. 236; vi. 562.
, Alexandre Joseph Hidulphe, on
porisms, Xix. 520.
— , George, English painter, xx I v.
234-
— , Thomas, Penn's discussion with,
xvin. 493.
— , William, on the early circum
navigation of Africa, I. 245.
460
V I N — V I T
VINCENT DE PAUL, St, founder of the
Lazarites, XXIV. 236.
- FERRER, St, Spanish preacher,
xxiv. 236.
VlNCENTlUS (St Vincent), Spanish saint
and martyr, XXIV. 234.
BELLOVACENSIS (Vincent of Beau-
vais), mediaeval encyclopaedist, xxiv.
235; vni. 192; xxi. 427.
VINCI, Leonardo da, Italian painter and
philosopher, xiv. 455; xm. 508; xxi.
437, 569-
VINDELICI, ancient Alpine people, xx.
504.
VlNDELlClA, Roman province, xxiv.
236; xx. 505.
VlNDELICIAN ALPS) I. 628.
VINDEX, Julius, his revolt against the
emperor Nero, xvn. 351.
VINDICI^E GALLICS, Mackintosh's
book, xv. 1 60.
VINDICTA PRIVATA, in Roman law, xx.
675-
VlNDOBONA (Vienna), ancient Roman
town, xxiv. 222.
VlNDOClNUM (Vendome), ancient town,
France, xxiv. 138.
VINE, plant, xxiv. 236; in horticulture,
XII. 277; culture of, for wine making,
xxiv. 602; cultivation, in Italy, xm.
451; in Madeira, XV. 178; of Zante,
xxiv. 767.
VINEA, Petrus de, or Pietro de la Vigna,
minister of emperor Frederick II.,
xxiv. 225. See Vigna.
VINEGAR, or Acetic Acid, xxiv. 240;
making of, IX. 98.
VlNE-MlLDEW, XVI. 294.
VINERY, Garden, xn. 223.
VINET, Alexandre Rodolphe, French
critic and theologian, XXIV. 241; xxil.
799-
VINEYARDS, xxiv. 602; on the Rhine,
xx. 520.
VlNJE, A. 0., Norwegian poet, xvn.
591.
VINLAND, seat of early settlement, North
America, I. 706.
VINNITSA, town, Russia, xxiv. 241;
xix. 254.
VlNTSCHGAU, district, Tyrol, Austria,
xxin. 711.
VIOL, musical instrument, xxiv. 242.
VIOLA, genus of plants, xvm. 214;
xxiv. 241.
VIOLET, plant, xxiv. 241; xn. 253.
VIOLIN, musical instrument, xxiv. 242.
VIOLLET-LE-DUC, Eugene Emmanuel,
French architect, xxiv. 246.
VIOLONCELLO, musical instrument,
xxiv. 245.
VIOTTI, Giovanni Battista, Italian
violinist and composer, xxiv. 246.
VIPER, reptile, xxiv. 247; xxn. 193,
199.
VIPERA, genus of snakes, xx. 452; xxn.
193; xxiv. 247.
VlRAMAMUNl (Joseph Beschi), Italian
writer in Tamil, xxin. 44.
VlRAVANALLUR, town, India, xxin.
405.
VlRCHOW, Rudolf, on cellular pathology,
xvni. 361.
VIRGEN GORDA, island, West Indies,
xxiv. 261.
VlRGIDEMIARUM SlXE BOOKES, Bishop
Hall's work, xi. 390.
VIRGIL (Publius Vergilius Maro), Roman
poet, xxiv. 248; xx. 722; language
and style of, xiv. 335; as representa
tive of the Augustan age, III. 82; his
connexion with Naples, xvn. 191;
commentaries on, xxi. 692; Gawain
Douglas's translation of, vil. 377;
Dryden's, vn. 492.
, Polydore, bishop of Bath and
Wells and historian, xxiv. 255.
THE ENCHANTER, romance, xx.
641.
VIRGILIA, genus of trees, 1 1. 320.
VIRGILIAN.E SORTES, Divination by,
VIL 293.
VIRGINAL, musical instrument, Xix. 67.
VIRGINIA, Roman maiden, Story of, V.
816.
— , State, U.S.A., xxiv. 255; colony
of, XXIIL 729; Captain John Smith's
connexion with, xxn. 174; mineral
springs of, xvi. 436; newspapers, xvn.
434; opium cultivation, xvn. 792.
— , West. See West Virginia.
CITY, Nevada, U.S.A., xxiv. 261.
VIRGINIAN NIGHTINGALE, bird, XL
209; xvn. 499.
VIRGINIANS, The, by Thackeray, xxin.
216.
VIRGINIA RESOLUTIONS (1798), in
history of United States, XV. 183;
xxin. 756.
VIRGIN ISLANDS, West Indies, xxiv.
261.
VIRGIN MARTYR, The, Massinger's play,
xv. 618.
VIRGIN MARY, The, xv. 589.
VIRGINS, Eleven Thousand, of the
Ursula legend, xxiv. 13.
VIRIATHUS, Lusitanian chief, xxn. 306.
VIRTUE, in ethics, vni. 575; Aristotelian
doctrine of, II. 517; Platonic, xix. 196;
Socratic, xxn. 237, 266; xix. 195;
Stoic doctrine of, xxn. 568.
VlRUNUM (Klagenfurt), ancient town,
Austria, xiv. 107.
VlSAKHADATTA, Hindu dramatist, xxi.
286.
VlSAYAS, islands, Philippines, xvni.
752.
— , race of people, Philippine Islands,
xvni. 753.
VISCERA, Thoracic, Anatomy of, i. 899;
XX. 475; abdominal, VII. 223; XVIII.
669; malformations of, xvi. 765.
VISCHER, Peter, German artist, xvn.
633; xxi. 565.
VISCHER, Theodor, on esthetics, i. 219.
VlSCONTl, Milanese ruling family, xm.
477; xvi. 291, 293.
, Filippo Maria, dukeof Milan, xm.
479-
— , Gian Galeazx.o, count of Pavia,
XIII. 478; XVIII. 438; as ruler in
Siena, xxn. 41; tomb of, xxi. 569.
VISCOSITY, property of matter, vn. 801 ;
vi. 311; xix. 247; of gases, xvi. 618;
XIX. 248; of solids, XXII. 598; mea
surement of, xn. 459.
VISCOUNT, rank of nobility, XXIV. 261 ;
XXIII. 418; in English peerage, xvni.
464.
VlSCUM, genus of plants, xvi. 527;
xvni. 265.
VlSHNU, Hindu deity, IV. 207; worship
of, among Mahrattas, xv. 290.
VlSHNUMAYA, daughter of Brahma, xiv.
19.
VlSHNUVITES, tribe, India, XV. 185.
VISHTASPA, ancient Oriental sovereign,
xxiv. 821.
VISIBLE SPEECH, A. Melville Bell's, i.
608; xxn. 385.
VISIGOTHIC WRITING, xvni. 156.
VISIGOTHS, or West Goths, x. 848; in
France, IX. 528; xiv. 287; invasion
of Roman empire by, xx. 780; their
conquest of Spain, XXII. 308; in time
of Theodosius I., XXIIL 257; code of,
IV. 262; XXI. 216.
VISIN, Denis von, Russian dramatist,
xxi. 1 06.
VISION, XIV. 578 ; physical causes of,
vni. 816; binocular, xxn. 538; diseases
of, xvn. 780; influence of, on nervous
movements, xix. 39; psychical relations
of, vni. 826; Berkeley's theory of, in.
590; in bees, ill. 487. See also Sight.
— , Poetic, xix. 263.
— OF MlRZA, Addison's allegory, I.
149.
VISIONS, Mental, vn. 452.
VISITATION, Feast of the, xv. 592.
VlSON, genus of carnivorous mammals,
xvi. 474.
VISPERED, part of Zend-Avesta, xxiv.
775-
VlSQUERT, Antonio, Spanish painter,
xxin. 198.
ViSSCHER, Anna, Dutch poetess, xn.
93-
— , Roemer Pieterssen, Dutch writer,
xn. 93.
— , Tesselschade, Dutch poetess, xn.
93-
VISTRITZA, river, Macedonia, XV. 137.
VISTULA, river, Central Europe, in. 116,
294; xix. 307; xx. 218.
GOVERNMENTS, Russian official
designation of Poland, xix. 306.
VISVAMITRA, Indian sage, xn. 782.
VlTALE MlCHIELI, doge of Venice,
XXIV. 142.
VITALIAN, Roman general, xin. 791.
y i T — V 0 L
461
VlTALIANUS, pope, XXIV. 262.
VITAL STATISTICS, xxn. 462.
VITA NUOVA, Dante's work, vi. 814.
VITEBSK, government and town, Russia,
xxiv. 262.
VlTELLESCHi, Cardinal, Papal general,
xx. 805.
, Mutio, general of the Jesuits, XIII.
654, 656.
VITELLI, Alessamlro, Italian general,
xv. 789.
VITELLIUS, Aulus, Koman emperor,
xxiv. 262; xx. 773; struggle of his
supporters against Othonians, xvm.
65.
VITERBO, town, Italy, xxiv. 263.
VlTHOBA, Temple of, at Panderpnr,
India, XV 1 1 1. 210.
VITI (or FIJI) ISLANDS, South Pacific,
ix. 155; xv. 835.
VITIGIS, Gothic king, xin. 797.
VITI LEVU, one of the Fiji Islands, ix.
156.
VITIM, plateau, Siberia, xxn. 2; XXIV.
725.
, river, Siberia, xxn. 5; xxm. 510;
xxiv. 726.
VITIS, genus of plants, xxiv. 237.
VITKOVICS, Michael, Hungarian poet,
xn. 377.
VITORIA, town, Spain, xxiv. 263; battle
of (1813), xxiv. 496.
VITRE, town, France, xxiv. 263.
VITREA, group of Foraminifera, IX. 378.
VITRIFIED FORTS, xxiv. 263.
VITRIOL, VITRIOLS, xxiv. 265; xvi.
401, 402; manufacture of, xxil. 636;
as a poison, XIX. 278; blue, XXII. 637;
Roman, vi. 351.
VITRUVIUS, Roman architect and en
gineer, xxiv. 265; ii. 382; xx. 809;
his influence on Italian architecture, 1 1.
437; language and style of, Xiv. 336.
VITRV, France, Storming of (1143), IX.
540; xv. 1 8.
VITTORIA, town, Sicily, XXI v. 266.
VITTORINO DA FELTRE, Italian educa
tionist, vii. 672.
VITTORIO (Cenada), district, Italy, v.
334-
- AMEDEO (Victor Amadeus, q.r.)
II., king of Sardinia, xin. 484; XXI.
342.
VITTORIOSO, part of Valetta, Malta,
xv. 340.
VITUDURUM (Winterthur), ancient
town, Switzerland, xxiv. 614.
VITUS, St, Roman martyr, xxiv. 266.
VIVARIA, or Fish Stews, Ancient, n.
218.
VIVARINI, Antonio, Venetian painter,
xxiv. 266.
— , Bartolommeo, Italian painter,
xxiv. 267.
— , Luigi, Italian painter, xxiv. 267.
VIVERRA, genus of carnivorous mam
mals, xv. 436; v. 796.
VIVES, Juan Luis, or Ludovicus, Spanish
scholar, xxiv. 267.
Vivi, town, 011 Congo river, Africa, xxiv.
765.
VIVIANITE, mineral, xvi. 404; xvin.
818.
VIVIPAROUS BIRTH, xx. 410.
VIVIPAROUS PLANTS, xx. 423.
VIVISECTION, John. Hunter on, XII. 386.
— ACT (1876), English, xv. 799.
VIVONNE, Catherine de, Marquise de
Rambouillet, XX. 264.
VIZAGAPATAM, district and town, India,
xxiv. 267.
VIZCAYA (Biscay), province, Spain, in.
787.
VlZIADRUG, town, India, XXIV. 267; X.
566.
ViziANAGRAM, estate and town, India,
xxiv. 267.
VIZIER, Oriental officer, xxiv. 268; xvi.
591.
— , Grand, Turkish minister, xxn I.
654.
VIZZINI, town, Sicily, xxiv. 268.
VLACHS, or Roumans, xxiv. 268; in
Roumania, xxi. 16.
VLACICH, Matthias (Flacius), German
theologian, ix. 275; v. 765; xv. 85.
VLACQ, Adrian, Dutch logarithmist,
xiv. 774; his tables, xxm. 9.
VLAD, voivode of Walachia, xxi. 16.
VLADIKAVKAZ, town, Russia, xxiv.
270.
VLADIMIR, government, Russia, xxiv.
270; town, xxiv. 271.
, early Russian prince, xxi. 89.
Vi.ADlSLAFF, king of Servia, xxi.
688.
VLADIVOSTOK, town, Siberia, xxiv.
271; xv. 549.
VLISSINGEN (Flushing), town, Holland,
ix. 350; xxiv. 772.
VLOTSLAVSK, town, Russian Poland,
xxiv. 625.
VOCAL ORGANS, in man, xxiv. 273; in
birds, in. 726.
VODENA, town, Turkey in Europe, vn.
652.
VODKA, river, Russia, xvn. 772.
VODNIK, Valentine, Slovenian poet,
xxn. 150.
VOET, Gisbert, on the Cartesian philo
sophy, vn. 119.
VOGEL, H. C., his corrections of object-
glasses, xxm. 141.
VOGELWEIDE, Walther von der, Ger
man poet, xxiv. 340; x. 525.
VOGHERA, town, Italy, xxiv. 272.
VOGLER, Georg Joseph, German organist
and composer, XXIV. 272.
VOGLITE, mineral, xvi. 399.
VOGULS, people, Siberia, XXII. 8.
VOICE, Human, xxiv. 273; sounds of,
i. 118; xvin. 811; xxn. 381; as in
strument of expression, xvin. 767.
VOIDER, in heraldry, XL 697.
VOIGTLAND, region, Central Germany,
xx. 493.
VOIL, Loch, Scotland, xvm. 666.
VOIRLICH, Ben, mountain, Scotland,
xvm. 666.
VOIRON, town, France, xxiv. 277.
VoiTURE, Vincent, French writer, xxiv.
277.
VOIVODES, rulers of Roumania, xxi. 16,
19.
VOLAGASES I., Parthian king, xvm.
602.
— II., Parthian king, xvm. 603.
III., Parthian king, XVIII. 604.
IV., Parthian king, xvm. 605.
- V., Parthian king, xvm. 606.
VOLATERR^E (Volterra), Etruscan town,
Italy, vin. 636; xxiv. 293.
VOLATERRANUS, his Conimentaiii
Urbani, vin. 193.
VOLATILITY, of metals, Table of, xvi.
66.
VOLBORTHITE, mineral, xvi. 406.
VOLCANALIA, Roman festival, XXI v. 301.
VOLCANIC ISLANDS, Polynesia, xix.
418.
VOLCANO, VOLCANOES, x. 240 ; as
source of ammonia, xvn. 516; in
America, I. 673; in Azores, in. 170; of
Chili, v. 616; Etna, vin. 627; uf
Europe, vin. 683; in Isle of Thera,
Greece, xxm. 280; of Hawaii, XI.
531; of Iceland, xn. 617; of Italy,
xin. 443; of Japan, XIII. 571; of
Java, xin. 601; of Mexico, xix. 512;
of Peru, xvm. 672 ; of Philippine
Islands, XVIII. 749 ; Vesuvius, XXIV.
195; mud, in Burmah, XIV. 162.
VOLCI, Etruscan town, Italy, vm. 635.
VOLE, rodent mammal, xxiv. 277; xv.
419; snow-vole, I. 633.
VOLGA, river, Russia, xxiv. 278; xxi.
74, 304-
VOLGERITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
VOLHYNIA, government, Russia, XXIV.
281.
VOLINSKI, Prince, Russian minister,
xxi. 98.
VOLITION, in psychology, xx. 72;
physiological action of the brain in,
XV. 279; Cousin's doctrine of spon
taneity in, vi. 525. See also Will.
VOLJSK, town, Russia, XXIV. 283; xxi.
305-
VOLKHOFF, river, Russia, xvn. 607;
xxi. 73.
VOLMAR, Melchior, his influence on
Calvin, IV. 714.
VOLNEY, Constantin Francois Chasse-
b(euf, Comte de, French writer, xxiv.
282; IX. 672.
VOLO, town, Greece, xxiv. 282: gulf,
xxm. 299.
VOLOGDA, government, Russia, xxiv.
282; town, xxiv. 283.
VOLOGESIA, town, Mesopotamia, xvi.
462
V 0 L — W A D
VOLOST, administrative division, Russia,
xxi. 70.
VOLSCI, or Volscians, ancient Italian
people, xin. 445; xiv. 344; xx. 739.
VOLSINII, Etruscan town, Italy, Yin.
635-
VOLSK, town, Russia, xxiv. 283; xxi.
305-
VOLT, electrical unit of measurement,
xxiii. 116.
VOLTA, river, West Coast, Africa, x.
755-
— , Alessandro, Italian physicist, xxiv.
284; his electrical experiments, vill.
9-
VOLTAIRE, Frangois Marie Arouet de,
French man of letters, xxiv. 285; IX.
665; his influence on the French
drama, VII. 425; his religious opinions,
ix. 669; as satirist, xxi. 320; influence
of his writings, IX. 592; quarrel with
Lessing, xiv. 479; his relation to
Ninon de Lenclos, xiv. 445.
YOLTAITE, mineral, XVI. 402.
VOLTAMETER, electric machine, vill.
107.
VOLTCHANSK, town, Russia, xiv. 57.
VOLTERRA, town, Italy, xxiv. 293; vui.
636.
, Daniele da, Italian artist, xx.
537-
VOLTERRANO, II (Baldassare Frances-
chini), Italian painter, ix. 687.
VOLTORE, Monte, Italy, Xin. 439.
VOLTURNO, river, Italy, Xin. 440.
VOLTZINE, mineral, XVI. 396.
VOLUBILIS, Morocco, Ruins of, xvi.
834.
VOLUME, Mensuration of, xvi. 13.
VOLUNTEERS, British, xxiv. 293.
VOLUSENUS, Florentius, Scottish hu
manist, xxiv. 296.
VOLUTE, in architecture, n. 475.
VOMER, Anatomy of the, in man, I. 825;
iu Amphibia, I. 754; in mammals, xv.
355; in reptiles, xx. 450, 452; de
velopment of, in birds, III. 700.
VOMITING, xvn. 670.
VONDEL, Joost van der, Dutch writer,
vn. 444; xn. 94.
VONONES I., Parthian king, xvm. 600.
— II., Parthian king, xvm. 602.
VOORBROEK, Jakob (Perizonius), Dutch
scholar, XVIII. 547.
VOPISCUS, Flavins, Augustan historian,
in. 74.
VORAGINE, Jacobus de, archbishop of
Genoa, xxiv. 296; Xill. 499.
VORARLBERG, district, Austria, xxiv.
297.
VORINGFOS, Norway, xvn. 575.
VOROBIOVY HILLS, Russia, xx. 35.
VORONEZH, government, Russia, xxiv.
297; town, xxiv. 298.
— , river, Russia, vil. 356; xxi. 74.
VORONTSOVAH, town, Russia, XXIV.
298.
VOROSMARTY, Michael, Hungarian poet,
XII. 378.
VORSTERMAN, Lucas, engraver of works
of Rubens, vill. 442.
VORTEX ATOMS, Theory of, in. 43.
VORTEX MOTION, in hydromechanics,
XII. 450.
VORTICES, Descartes's theory of, vil.
124.
VORTIGERN, British prince, II. 650;
vui. 269.
Vos, Jan, Dutch writer, XII. 95.
VOSGES, department, France, xxiv.
298.
, mountains, France and Germany,
xxiv. 298; ix. 506.
VOSMAER, C., Dutch writer, XII. 98.
VOSS, Johann Heinrich, German poet
and archaeologist, XXI v. 299; x.
541-
VossiUS, Gerardus Johannes, German
scholar and theologian, xxiv. 299.
-, Isaac, Dutch scholar, xxiv. 300,
VOTAN, legendary legislator of Yucatan,
I. 704.
VOTERS, Parliamentary, Registration of,
in England, xx. 344.
VOTIAK LANGUAGE, xxiv. i; xvm.
779; dictionaries of, vil. 188.
VOTING, Modes of, in. 288.
VOTKlNSK, town, Russia, XXIV. 300.
VOUET, Simon, French painter, XXIV.
300.
VoussoiR, in an arch, iv. 305.
Vow, Religious, xxiv. 300; Nazarite,
xxin. 17.
VOWEL POINTS, in Hebrew, XL 600.
VOWELS, their sounds, I. i ; pronuncia
tion of, xxn. 382; musical sounds and
notation of, I. 119.
VOYAGE HOME, Lucian's work, xv.
45-
VOYAGE OF PARNASSUS, by Cervantes,
v- 354-
VOYAGES, Quickest, down to 1883, xvn.
277.
VOZHE, Lake, Russia, XVII. 606.
VOZNESENSK, Ivanovo-, town, Russia,
xin. 520; xxiv. 271.
VRANCX, Sebastian, Flemish painter,
xxiv. 301.
VRANITZA, Turkey, Charles XII.'s
residence at, v. 421.
VRAZ, Stank o, Servian poet, xxi. 691.
VklENDT, Frans de (Floris), Flemish
painter, IX. 342.
VRIES, Sinun de, friend of Spinoza,
XXII. 401.
ISLAND, Japan, xin. 570.
VRIESLAND (Friesland), province, Hol
land, ix. 785.
VUITERGA, river, Russia, XVII. 772.
VUKASHIN, king of Servia, XXI. 689.
VULCAN, Roman deity (the Greek
Hepluestus), XXIV. 301; XI. 679.
VULCANI.-E INSULT (Lipari Islands),
Mediterranean Sea, xiv. 682.
VULCANIST THEORY, in geology, xxiv.
502.
VULCANITE, Manufacture of, xn. 841.
VULCANO, one of the Lipari Islands,
Mediterranean Sea, xiv. 682.
VULCATIUS GALLICANUS, Augustan
historian, in. 74.
VULFILA (Ultilas, q.v.), Gothic writer,
X. 852.
VULGAR FRACTIONS, in arithmetic, n.
529; tables of, XXIII. 8, 13.
VULGATE, Latin translation of the
Scriptures, in. 647; xin. 631.
VULPES, genus of carnivorous mammals,
ix. 493.
VULPINITE, mineral, xvi. 400.
VULPIUS, Christiane, wife of Goetlu, x.
73i-
VULSO, Cnreus Manlius, Roman consul,
xv. 492.
VULTURE, bird, xxiv. 301.
— , Bearded, bird, xiv. 243.
VURFU OURLA, mountain, Hungary.
xn. 361.
VYASA, Brahman poet, xxi. 281.
VYATKA, government, Russia, xxiv.
302; town, xxiv. 303; xxi. 89, 91.
VYAZMA, town, Russia, xxiv. 303; xxn.
183-
VYAZNIKI, town, Russia, xxiv. 271.
VYERNYI, town, Russia in Asia, xxn\
303; xxi. 641.
VYISKI, iron-works, Russia, xvn. 500.
VYRNWY, river, Wales, Waterworks of,
xiv. 714; xxiv. 407.
VYSHNEVOLOTSK, canals, Russia, xxin.
672.
VYSHNIY VOLOTCHOK, town, Russia,
xxiv. 303; xxin. 672.
VYTCHEGDA, river, Russia, xxiv. 283.
\\T the twenty-third letter of the
* * > alphabet, XXIV. 304.
WAAL, river, Holland, XII. 63; XX.
519.
WABASH, river, Indiana, U.S.A., xn.
813-
WAGE, Maistre, French trouvere, xxiv.
304; vui. 407.
WACHSTEIN, mountain, Germany, xxi.
349-
WACHUSETT, mountain, Massachusetts,
U.S.A., xv. 611; xxin. 792.
WACKENRODER, Wilhelm Heinrirh,
German writer, x. 542.
W AC LAW, king of Poland, xix. 288.
WACO, town, Texas, U.S.A., xxiv.
304-
WAD, mineral, xvi. 388.
WADAI, or Waday, country, Soudan,
Africa, i. 271; xxn. 278, 279.
GROUP, of Negroes, xvn. 319.
WADDING, Luke, Irish ecclesiastical
historian, XXIV. 304.
WADHAM COLLEGE, Oxford, xvm. 97.
WADJO, kingdom, Celebes, v. 288.
W A D — W A L
463
WADMAN, Jolian Anders, Swedish writer,
xxii. 757.
WADY HALFA, town, Nubia, Africa,
xvii. 507, 6n.
WADY MUSA (Pctra), town., Northern
Arabia, xvm. 705.
WAFERS, in. stationery, xxiv. 305.
WAGANDA, people of Uganda, Africa,
xxin. 718.
WAGER, in law, xxiv. 305.
— , Sir Charles, English admiral,
xxiv. 170.
- OF BATTLE, n. 210; vn. 511;
xvn. 820; xxiv. 305.
WAGES, xxiv. 306; xiv. 165; as affected
by trade unions, xxin. 500; payment
of, xvin. 440; taxes on, xxm. 89;
Lassalle on, xiv. 321; Marx on, xxn.
2 1 1 ; Rodbertus's theory, XX. 6 1 6.
See also article Political Economy.
WAGGONS, Railway, xx. 247.
WAGLER, Johann, on birds, XVIII. 14,
20; on reptiles, XX. 436.
WAGNER, Adolf, German economist,
xix. 392.
— , Andreas, on a feathered reptile,
xvm. 34.
— , Johann Gottlob, pianoforte maker,
xix. 73.
— , Rudolph, German anatomist and
physiologist, xxiv. 313.
-, Wilhelm Richard, German musi
cal composer, xxiv. 313; anticipated
by Monteverde, xvn. 87; his influ
ence on the lyrical drama, xvn. 99.
WAGNERITE, mineral, xvi. 407.
WAGRAM, Austria, Battle of (1809), in.
134; ix. 616; xvn. 214.
WAGRIA, ancient district, Holstein, xxi.
415.
WAGTAIL, bird, xxiv. 316.
WAHAB, Muhammed ben, Druse chief
tain, vn. 484.
WAHBALLATH, prince of Palmyra,
xvin. 202.
WAHHABEES, or Wahhabites, sect of
Arabs, n. 250, 260; xvn. 773; xxin.
648 ; their doctrines in India, XL
849.
WAHIDI, Arabic writer, xvn. 514.
WAHLSTATT, Prussian Silesia, Battle of
(1241), xiv. 569; xvi. 741.
WAHSATCH MOUNTAINS, U.S.A., xxin.
796; xxiv. 19.
WAI, town, India, xxi. 317.
WAIGALIS, tribe, Kafiristan, Asia, xin.
822.
WAIHU (Rapanui), island, South Pacific,
xx. 273.
WAIKATO, river, Xew Zealand, in. 67;
xvi. 467.
WAINAD, district, India, xvn. 508.
WAINEWRIGHT, Thomas Griffiths, Eng
lish essayist, xxiv. 317.
WAINGANGA, river, India, in. 627.
WAIPA, river, Xew Zealand, XVII.
467.
WAIROA, river, Xew Zealand, xvn.
467.
WAITANGI, Xew Zealand, Treaty of
(1840), xvii. 471.
WAITZ, Georg, German historian, xxiv.
3I7-
WAITZEN, town, Hungary, xxiv. 30.
WAIVES AND STRAYS, Cinque Port
right, v. 787.
WAKAHOLO, Lake, Bum, Indian Archi
pelago, iv. 573.
WAKATIPU, Lake, Xew Zealand, xvn.
467.
WAKEFIELD, town, England, xxiv.
318-
, Edward Gibbon, English colonial
statesman, xxiv. 318.
, Gilbert, English scholar and theo
logian, xxiv. 319.
WAKEFULNESS, xxii. 157.
WAKEMAN, Sir George, English phy
sician, xvn. 697.
WAKHAN, state, Central Asia, xvin.
104.
— MOUNTAINS, Transcaucasia, Rus
sia, xxin. 513.
WAKHSH, affluent of Oxus, Central
Asia, xvin. 103.
WAKIDI, Moslem historian, xvi. 596;
XXIII. 2.
WAKORES, African tribe, XV. 475.
WALACHIA, principality, Roumania,
xxi. 1 6; Great and Little, xxiv. 269,
270.
WALACHIAN (or ROUMANIAN) LAN
GUAGE, xxiv. 270; xx. 668; alphabet
of, I. 614; dictionaries of, vn. 186.
WALAFRID STRABO, German mediaeval
writer, XXIV. 320.
WALATA, oasis, Africa, xvn. 695.
WALBURGA, St, English abbess, xxiv.
337-
WALCH, Carl Friedrich, German jurist,
xxiv. 321.
-, Christian Wilhelm Franz, Ger
man ecclesiastical historian, xxiv.
321.
— , Jacob (Jacopo de' Barbari), Vene
tian artist, vil. 555, 556.
-, Johann Ernst Immanuel, German
philologist, xxiv. 321.
, Johann Georg, German church
historian, xxiv. 321.
WALCHEREN, island, Holland, xxiv.
771; British expedition to, xiv. 854.
WALCHOWTTE, mineral, xvi. 428.
WALCOTT, John, on British birds,
xvin. 9.
WALCZ (Deutschkrone), town, Prussia,
vn. 134.
WALDECK-PYRMONT, principality, Ger
many, xxiv. 321.
WALDEMAR, margrave of Brandenburg,
xx. 3.
— II., king of Denmark, vn. 84.
- III., of Denmark, vn. 85; his con
test with the Hanse towns, xi. 450.
WALDEMAR, king of Sweden, xxii.
745-
WALDEN, Thoreau's prose work, xxin.
3i3-
WALDENBURG, town, Prussia, xxiv.
322.
WALDENSES, religious sect, xxiv. 322;
XX. 321; their Presbyterianism, XIX.
697.
WALDERBESKOPF, mountain, Rhenish
Prussia, xx. 20.
WALDGEBIRGE, mountains, Austria, in.
116.
WALDHEIM, Fischer de, on birds, xvin.
IS-
WALDMANN, Hans, burgomaster of
Zurich, xxiv. 831.
WALDO, Peter, founder of the Waldenses,
xxiv. 323.
WALES, principality (incorporated with
England), vin. 215; as part of ancient
Britain, iv. 353; in 6th century, vin.
271; in gth century, vin. 284; inva
sion of, by William II., xxiv. 577;
Norman settlement in, xvn. 551 ; in
1 1 th and I2th centuries, vin. 304,
309; conquest of, by England, vin.
311; Irish in, xin. 247; ancient law
code, xxi. 216; ancient literature, v.
314; poetry, vin. 408; ancient tribes,
v. 300; coalfields, vi. 49; colleges,
xxin. 856 ; counties, vin. 220 ;
Eisteddfod, vn. 791 ; newspapers,
xvii. 422; population and representa
tion, xxin. 727.
WALFISCH BAY, South Africa, v. 43.
WALGHVOGEL (Dodo), bird, vn. 321.
WALIA, Visigothic leader, in Spain,
xxn. 308.
WALID I., caliph, xvi. 573.
II., caliph, xvi. 576.
, Abul (Rabbi Jonah), Jewish philo
logist, xin. 737.
WALIDIYA, town, Morocco, xvi. 831.
WALKELIN, bishop of Winchester, xxiv.
596.
WALKER, river and lake, Nevada,
U.S.A., xvn. 367.
, town, England, XXIV. 325.
-, Frederick, English painter, xxiv.
326.
— , Sears Cook, American astronomer,
xxiv. 326.
— , General William, filibuster, Xicar-
agua, xvii. 479.
WALKERITE, mineral, xvi. 420.
WALKER'S EARTH, fuller's earth, ix.
816.
WALKING-STICK INSECT, xin. 152.
WALL, Great, of China, v. 638, 644.
— , Antonine's, Scotland, n. 139; iv.
353; xxi. 471; xxn. 554.
, Hadrian's, England, XL 364; xxi.
471.
WALLACE, Alfred Russel, on natural
selection, vin. 749, 764; on the races
of man, n. 114; on the Malayan race,
464
W A L — W A R
xv. 324; on birds, xvm. 32; on the
fauna of New Guinea, xvn. 387.
WALLACE, Sir William, Scottish patriot,
xxiv. 326; xx. 592; xxi. 487; his
struggle against Edward I., vil. 683;
VIII. 313.
, William, Scottish mathematician,
xxiv. 327.
WALLACE'S LINE, Asia, n. 684.
WALLACHIAN ALPHABET, i. 614.
WALLACHIAN (or ROUMANIAN) LAN
GUAGE, XXIV. 270; xx. 668; diction
aries of, VIL 1 86.
WALLACKS, Vlachs, or Walachians,
race of people, Europe, xxiv. 268; iu
Greece, XI. 83.
WALLASEY, town, England, xxiv. 328.
WALLA WALLA, town, Washington
Territory, U.S.A., xxiv. 328; district,
xxiv. 386.
WALL-CREEPER, bird, xxm. 534.
WALL DECORATION, xvn. 34; xxm.
158. See Mural Decoration.
WALLENBERG, Jakob, Swedish writer,
xxii. 756.
WALLENSTADT, Lake, Switzerland,
xxii. 777.
WALLKNSTEIN, Schiller's drama, xxi.
397-
, Adalbert . Eusebius von, German
general, xxiv. 328; ill. 125; IX. 77;
x. 500; XL 334.
WALLER, Edmund, English politician
and poet, XXIV. 330; vin. 418.
WALLIN, Johan Olof, bishop of Upsala,
Swedish hymn-writer, XXII. 757.
WALLIS (Valais), canton, Switzerland,
xxii. 785.
— , Lake, New South Wales, xvn.
408.
— , John, English mathematician and
grammarian, xxiv. 331 ; on the
piithmetic of infinites, xm. 6; on
imaginary roots of quadratic equations,
XX. 161; on squaring the circle, xxii.
435; his controversies with Hobbes,
xii. 36, 37; on Wright's navigation
tables, XVII. 225; on the teaching of
deaf-mutes, VI I. 6.
-, Samuel, explorer in Polynesia,
x. 189; discoverer of Tahiti, xxm.
24.
WALLONS, or Walloons, people of South-
Eastern Belgium, xxiv. 332.
WALL-PAPERS, iv. 512; xvn. 38;
Japanese, xm. 591.
WALLS, of Rome, xx. 812, 832.
, islands, Orkney, Scotland, xvil.
846.
WALLSEND, town, England, xxiv. 333;
coal of, xvn. 566.
WALL STREET, New York, xvn. 458.
WALL TILES, xxm. 389.
WALNUT, tree and fruit, xxiv. 333; xn.
278; XVII. 664; culture of the tree,
II. 318; in United States, xxm. 808.
WALPOLE, Horace, English writer,
xxiv. 333 ; Chattel-ton's application to,
v. 448; his Walpoliana, I. 785.
WALPOLE, Sir Robert, English states
man, xxiv. 335; vni. 354; x. 422;
his measures of finance, IX. 184; his
relations with Townshend, xxm. 492.
WALPURGIS, St, English abbess, xxiv.
337-
OIL, xxiv. 337.
WALPURGITE, mineral, xvi. 407.
WALRUS, carnivorous mammal, xxiv.
337; xv. 443; tusks of, xm. 523.
— OIL, xvn. 744.
WALSALL, town, England, xxiv. 338.
WALSH, William, English poet, xxiv.
338.
WALSINGHAM, Norfolk, England, Ruins
at, XVIL 537.
— , Sir Francis, English statesman,
xxiv. 338.
WALTER of Essex, reputed author of
Guy of Warwick, XI. 341.
, Jakob Gottlieb, on the anatomy of
the nerves, I. 816.
— , John, proprietor of The Times
newspaper, London, xvn. 417.
PRINTING MACHINE, xxm. 707.
WALTERS, Lucy, mother of James, duke
of Monmouth, xvi. 755.
WALTHAM, town, England, xxiv. 339.
— ABBEY, town, England, xxiv. 339;
gunpowder factory at, II. 633.
- HOLY CROSS, town, England,
xxiv. 339.
WALTHAMSTOW, town, England, xxiv.
340.
WALTHEOF, Earl, English noble, vni.
292; xxm. 476; xxiv. 575.
WALTHER, Bernhard, German astro
nomer, xxiv. 340; xx. 342; his obser
vatory at Nuremberg, xvi I. 709.
— VON DER VOGELWEIDE, German
minnesanger, xxiv. 340; X. 525.
WALTON, or Walton-le-Dale, town, Eng
land, xxiv. 341.
, or Walton-on-the-Hill, town, Eng
land, xxiv. 341.
— , Brian, bishop of Chester, XXIV.
341; his Polyglott Bible, I. 497; ill.
652.
— , Izaak, author of Compleat Angler,
xxiv. 342.
WAMAHS, tribe, Kafiristan, Asia, xm.
822.
WAMASAI, race of people, East Central
Africa, I. 263.
WAN-CHOW Fu, town, China, xxiv.
342-
WANDERING JEW, The, xm. 673.
WANDERING JEW, Eugene Sue's novel,
xxii. 619.
WANDSWORTH, district, London, xiv.
822, 833.
— , Orders of, Presbyterian system,
in England, xix. 686.
WANGARAWA (Mandingoes), African
tribe, XV. 475.
WANGEN, lake-dwelling, Lake of Con
stance, xiv. 223.
WANG KHAN, Prester John (</.r.), xvi.
745-
WANJAB,. river, Turkestan, xvm. 103.
WANKS, river, Honduras, xn. 130.
WANSBECK, river, England, xvn. 565.
WANS DYKE, Wilts, England, xxiv.
594-
WANSTEAD, town, England, xxiv.
343-
WAN WANG, Chinese writer, v. 660.
WANYORO, people, Central Africa, xxm.
859.
WAPENTAKE, English territorial divi
sion, XII. 360.
WAPITI, kind of deer, vn. 24.
WAPPLERITE, mineral, xvi. 404.
WAR, xxiv. 343; English articles of,
VI. 518; XVI. 296; use of balloons in,
I. 199; influence of, on emigration,
vni. 173; international law of, xin.
1 93 ; laws and usages of, Lieber's code,
XIV. 564; prizes of, XIX. 766; tactics
in battles, III. 443.
WARACABA, bird, xxm. 595.
WARAN, lizard, xiv. 734.
WARANGAL, town, India, xxiv. 366.
WARASDIN (Varasd), frontier generalate,
Austria, xvi. 295; town, xxiv. 69.
WARATAH, tree, New South Wales, xvn.
410.
WARBECK, Perkin, claimant of English
crown, vni. 329; XI. 662; in Scotland,
xxi. 496; siege of Waterford by, xin.
261.
WARBLER, bird, xxiv. 366.
WARBURTON, Egerton, Australian ex
plorer, in. 106.
, Eliot Bartholomew George, Irish
traveller and novelist, xxiv. 367.
— , William, bishop of Gloucester,
controversialist, xxiv. 368.
WARD, in law, xin. 2.
— , Ann (Mrs RadclifTe), English
novelist, xx. 211.
, Edward Matthew, English painter,
xxiv. 369.
, James, English painter, XXIV. 369;
XXL 441, 444; his defence of beards,
III. 464.
— r, Mrs, founder of the Jesuitesses, xvi.
, Seth, his controversies with
Hobbes, XII. 36.
— , William, English engraver, xxiv.
369-
WARDA, George, Syriac hymn-writer,
xxii. 855.
WAR-DANCES, vi. 799.
WARDHA, district, India, xxiv. 370.
WARDLEY, Jane, leader of the Shakers,
xxi. 736.
WARD OF COURT, in law, xin. 2.
WARDS AND LIVERIES, Court of, xiv.
115.
WARE, town, England, xxiv. 370.
W A R — W A T
465
WARENDORP, Brun, burgomaster of
Liibeck, XV. 32.
WAKENS, Madame de, friend of Rous
seau, xxi. 24.
WARGENTIN, P. W., on the satellites of
Jupiter, II. 757.
WARHAM, William, archbishop of
Canterbury, VIII. 414.
WARING, Miss (Varina), object of Dean
Swift's attentions, xxn. 765.
WARMING, of hospitals, xn. 305.
— APPARATUS, XL 590.
WARMINSTER, town, England, xxiv.
37°-
WARNEFRID, father of Paul the Deacon,
xviii. 436.
, Paul (Paulus Diaconus, q.v.), xviii.
436; his book of homilies, xn. 125.
WARNER, William, English pastoral
poet, xviii. 347.
WARNERIUS, or Irnerius, Italian jurist,
xin. 277.
WARNER OBSERVATORY, at Rochester,
New York, U.S.A., xvn. 715.
WARP, in weaving, xxiv. 463; ancient,
xxm. 206.
WARPING, mode of irrigation, I. 406;
xin. 367.
WARR, Peter de la, speaker of House of
Commons, xviii. 306.
WARRANDICE, in Scots law, xxiv. 373.
WARRANT, in law, xxiv. 371; for
arrest, II. 630.
WARRANTY, in law, xxiv. 372; of sale,
xxi. 208.
WARREE, ungulate mammal, xviii. 449.
WARREN, Mercy, American authoress,
I. 722.
, Samuel, English novelist, xxiv.
373-
, Dr Samuel, Wesleyan seceder,
xvi. 190.
GIRDERS, for bridges, iv. 317.
WARRINGTON, town, England, xxiv.
374-
WARRINGTONITE, mineral, xvi. 402.
WARS, drug, xin. 831.
WARSAW, government, Russian Poland,
xxiv. 374.
— , town, Poland, XXIV. 375; observa
tory at, XVII. 714.
-, Prince of (Ivan F. Paskewitch),
Russian general, XVIII. 340.
WARS OF GRANADA, romance, xx. 659.
WART, skin excrescence, xxiv. 377;
xviii. 378; xxn. 121.
WARTA, river, Russian Poland, xix. 307.
WARTBURG, fortress, Germany, vn.
790; Luther's detention at, XV. 75.
HILL, Germany, xxi. 349.
WARTHE, river, Germany, xvn. 724.
WART-HOG, ungulate mammal, xxn.
774-
WARTON, Joseph, English man of letters,
xxiv. 377.
— , Thomas (1688-1745), professor of
poetry at Oxford, XXIV. 377.
WARTON (1728-1790), Thomas, poet and
author of History of English Poetry,
xxiv. 378.
WARWICK, county, England, xxiv. 378;
xxi. 737; coalfield of, vi. 50; town,
xxiv. 380.
, Countess-dowager of, Addison's
wife, I. 149.
, Richard Nevil, earl of, XXIV. 381;
vii. 685; viii. 327, 328.
CASTLE, England, xxiv. 380.
WASA, province of Finland, IX. 217.
WASEN, town, Switzerland, xxiv. n.
WASH, The, bay, Lincolnshire, England,
xiv. 653.
WASHBURNE, Mount, Wyoming, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 737.
WASHBURN OBSERVATORY, at Madison,
Wisconsin, U.S.A., xvn. 715.
WASHING, Water for, xxiv. 399.
WASHING-MACHINES, in bleaching, in.
816.
WASHING OF FEET, Christian rite, xv.
635.
WASHING SODA, xxn. 243.
WASHINGTON, seat of government,
United States, XXIV. 382; treaty of
(1871), xxm. 782; in 1810, xxni.
757; Capitol at, II. 454; libraries, xiv.
535) 55 l j naval observatory, xvn. 7 1 5 ;
telescope in observatory, xxin. 150.
, Territory, U.S.A., XXIV. 385.
, George, first president of the United
States, xxiv. 387 ; Commander-in-chief,
xxin. 741; president, xxin. 752;
as author, I. 721.
, Mount, New Hampshire, U.S.A.,
xvn. 390; xxin. 792.
ISLANDS, Marquesas group, Pacific,
xv. 564.
WASHITA, river, Louisiana, U.S.A., xv.
20.
WASH-PUMPS, ore-dressers, xvi. 59.
WASPS, group of insects, xxiv. 391 ; xn.
577; xin. 148; honey of, xn. 136.
, The, Aristophanes's comedy, 1 1.
508.
WASTE, in law, xxiv. 393.
LANDS, Improvement of, I. 402.
OF WATER, in cities, xxiv. 410.
WEIR, iv. 785; xxiv.
WASUNGEN, town, Germany, xxi. 348.
WA-SWAHILI, tribes, East Africa, xvn.
3I9-
WATAUGA, river, Tennessee, U.S.A.,
Settlements on, xxin. 178.
WATCH, timepiece, xxiv. 394.
WATCHMAKING, in Geneva, x. 148; in
Switzerland, XXII. 779; at Waltham,
U.S.A., xxiv. 339.
WATELLEN, mountain, Sahara, Africa,
xxi. 149.
WATER, xxiv. 398; boiling point of, at
different heights, ill. 387; for brewing,
iv. 273; composition of, v. 483; de
composition of, by galvanism, xvil.
487; density of, at different tempera
tures, XI. 585; XII. 460; density of,
in Pacific Ocean, xviii. 120; distilla
tion of, vn. 263; filtration, IX. 166;
hardness of, how remedied, v. 88; its
action on lead, xiv. 378; mechanics
of, XII. 435; its action on metals, xvi.
69; as a mineral, xvi. 385; movements
of, in the Baltic Sea, III. 296; refractive
power of, xiv. 591; resistance of, ex
periments on, xxi. 810; its action on
rocks, X. 262, 267, 269; as medium of
sound, I. 107; velocity of sound in, I.
104; ordeal by, xvn. 820; of rivers,
rights in, xx. 565 ; of the sea, XXI. 61 1 ;
xxiv. 398; Gay-Lussac on the com
position of, x. 122; Thales's cosmic
theory of, XXI 1 1. 219.
BEETLES, vi. 126, 130.
WATER-BOK, antelope, n. 101.
WATERBURY, town, Connecticut,
U.S.A., xxiv. 400.
WATER-CHAMBERS, in ships, xxi. 814.
WATER CHESTNUT, tree, xvn. 664.
WATER-CLOSETS, xxi. 716.
WATER COLOURS, xix. 86; painting
in, xviii. 139.
WATER CRESS, plant, xn. 289; xvn.
239-
WATER-CROW, bird, xvin. 75.
WATER-CURE, or Hydropathy, xn. 542.
WATER ENGINES, xn. 519.
WATERFORD, county, Ireland, xxiv.
400.
, town, Ireland, xxiv. 401; news
papers, xvn. 423.
WATER GAUGE, xn. 476.
WATER-GLASS, xxn. 53.
WATER-HEN, bird, xvi. 808.
WATER HOG, rodent mammal, v. 80.
WATER IN THE HEAD, disease, xn. 431.
WATERLAND, Daniel, his controversy
with Middleton, xvi. 282.
WATERLANDERS, Dutch sect, xvi. 12.
WATER-LILY, plant, xxiv. 402.
WATERLOO, village, Belgium, xxiv.
402; battle of (1815), in. 444; viii.
364; ix. 618; xvn. 224; xxiv. 497.
, town, Iowa, U.S.A., xxiv. 402.
- LECTURES, Col. Chesney's, v. 591.
WATERLOO-WITH-SEAFORTH, town,
England, xxiv. 402.
WATER-MARKS, in paper, xvni. 218.
WATER-MEADOWS, Irrigation of, xin.
364, 367-
WATERMEN, Thames, xxi. 30.
WATER METERS, xn. 505; xxiv. 410.
WATER-MOLE, monotreme mammal,
xix. 213.
WATER MOTORS, xn. 519.
WATER-NEWT, Great, amphibian, xxni.
577-
WATER-OUSEL, bird, xvin. 75.
WATER PIPES, Flow of water through,
XII. 484; trap for, xxi. 714.
WATER POET (John Taylor), xxni. 95.
WATER-POWER, in mechanics, xv. 773;
xn. 519.
XXV. — 59
466
W A T — W E E
WATERPROOF CLOTH, xn. 842.
WATER- RAIL, bird, xx. 223.
WATER-RAT, rodent mammal, xxiv.
277.
WATERS, Mineral, xvi. 431.
WATER-SHREW, insectivorous mammal,
XXL 844.
WATERSPOUT, xvi. 130.
WATER-SUPPLY, xxiv. 402; in rela
tion to health, xii. 568.
WATER-THRUSH, bird, xix. 149.
WATERTIGHT COMPARTMENTS, in
ships, xxi. 8 1 6.
WATERTON, Charles, English naturalist,
xxiv. 410.
, Edmund, his collection of rings,
xx. 561.
WATERTOWN, town, New York, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 410.
— , town, Wisconsin, U.S.A., xxiv. 411.
WATERVLIET, Shaker settlement,
U.S.A., xxi. 737.
WATER VOLCANO (Volcano cle Agua),
Central America, I. 420; XI. 239.
WATER-WAY, of ship, xxi. 819.
WATER-WHEELS, xii. 438, 522; Pon-
celot's improvements in, XIX. 452.
WATER- WORKS, xxiv. 406; at Chicago,
v. 613; Glasgow, x. 642; London, xiv.
825; New York, xvn. 465; ancient
Olympia, XVIL 769; Paris, xvill.
279. See also Aqueduct.
WATFORD, town, England, xxiv. 411.
WATHIK BILLAH, caliph, xvi. 585.
WATLING ISLAND, one of the Bahamas,
Atlantic, in. 237.
WATLING STREET, Eoman road, Eng
land, xiv. 39; XVIL 568.
WATSON, Elkanah, his forecasts as to
population in U.S.A., xxni. 818.
, George, Scottish painter, x. 782.
, Richard, bishop of Llandaff, con
troversialist, xxiv. 411.
, Robert Grant, on the races of
Persia, xvin. 627.
, Thomas, English pastoral poet,
xvin. 346.
, Sir William, his electrical experi
ments, VIII. 5.
WATT, James, inventor of steam-engine,
xxiv. 412; xxii. 475; his diagram of
heat and work, xxni. 284 ; on
parallel motion, XV. 697; his partner
ship with Boulton, iv. 172.
, Robert, Scottish bibliographer, HI.
660.
WATTEAU, Antoine, French painter,
xxiv. 414.
WATTEVILLE, Montchretien de, French
economist, Xix. 357.
WATTS, Isaac, English divine and
hymn-writer, XXIV. 415; hymns by,
XII. 593.
WAT TYLER, leader of English peasants'
revolt, vni. 319; XX. 541.
WAUWYL, lake-dwelling, Switzerland,
xiv. 223.
WAVE, WAVES, in physics, xxiv. 415;
of light, Xiv. 603; of sound, I. 102;
tidal, xxni. 372; action of, X. 284;
generation, height, and force of, XL
456; motion of, xn. 457; xv. 686;
effects of surface-tension on, v. 69;
velocity of, xn. 436.
WAVE-LENGTHS, of spectrum lines,
xxn. 378.
WAVELLITE, mineral, xvi. 405; xvin.
818.
WAVE-MAKING RESISTANCE, Law of,
xxi. 8 10.
WAVENEY, river, England, xxn. 621.
WAVERLEY ABBEY, Surrey, England,
xxn. 694.
WAVERLEY NOVELS, Scott's, vni. 434;
xxi. 549.
WAVERTREE, town, England, xxiv.
421.
WAVE THEORY OF LIGHT, xxiv. 421.
WAX, fatty solid, xxiv. 459; xvn. 739,
743; in plants, xn. 17; vegetable, of
Japan, xin. 591; white, of China, v.
638 ; use of, in encaxistic painting,
viil. 186; beeswax, in. 486; bleaching
of beeswax, in. 823.
•, Sealing, xxi. 586.
WAXBILL, bird, xxiv. 463.
WAX CANDLES, iv. 803.
WAX FIGURES, xxiv. 460.
WAX- INSECTS, China, v. 634.
WAXMUNDSKA, mountain, Carpathians,
x. 25.
WAXWING, bird, xxiv. 460; migrations
of, in. 770.
WAY, Right of, in law, xix. 705.
WAYMOUTH, George, Arctic explorer,
xix. 317.
WAYSTRACT, Richard, Lollard preacher,
xiv. 811.
WAZAN, town, Morocco, xvi. 834.
WAZIR (Vizier), Moslem officer, XXIV.
268; xvi. 591.
WEALD, district, Sussex, England, xxn.
723-
WEALDENBERG (Saffron Walden),
ancient town, England, xxi. 146.
WEALDEN ROCK, in geology, x. 357,
359-
WEALTH, in economics, xxiv. 461; xix.
347, 384-
OF NATIONS, Adam Smith's
treatise, xix. 366; xxn. 170.
WEAPONS, of war, II. 553; early use of,
vni. 617; modern military, xxiv.
344-
WEAR, river, England, xxn. 657.
WEARING SHIP, xxi. 599.
WEASEL, carnivorous mammal, xxiv.
462; xv. 440; xix. 331.
WEATHER, xvi. 157; its influence on
mortality rates, in. 36.
WEATHER-BOOK, Fitzroy's, ix. 272.
WEATHER MAPS, xvi. 158.
WEAVER, river, England, v. 589.
WEAVKR-BlRD, XXIV. 462.
WEAVING, xxiv. 463 ; ancient, xxni. 206..
WEB, in weaving, xxiv. 463.
, Spider's, II. 295.
WEBB, F. W., his compound locomotive
engine, xxn. 521.
, Matthew, English champion
swimmer, xxn. 771.
WEBER, Aloysia, German vocalist, xvn.
10.
, Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von,
German composer, xxiv. 467.
, Constance, wife of Mozart, xvn.
10.
, Ernst Heinrich, on. the circulation
of the blood, xxiv. 97; his law of
psycho-physics, xxiv. 470; his theory
of reed-pipes, I. 115.
-, Franz Anton von, German musi
cian, xxiv. 467.
, Wilhehn, his contributions to the
science of electricity, vni. 10, 71; hi.s
theory of the magnetic molecule, xv.
276.
WEBER'S LAW, of psycho-physics, xxiv.
469.
WEBSTER, Daniel, American statesman,
XXIV. 471; as orator, l. 722.
— , John, English dramatist, xxiv.
473; vn. 432.
, Noah, American lexicographer,
XXIV. 474; I. 722.
— , Thomas, English painter, XXIV.
474-
WECKHERLIN, Georg Rudolf, German
writer, x. 530.
WEDDAS (Veddahs), people of Ceylon,
XXIV. 120.
WEDDERBURN, Alexander (Earl of
Rosslyn), lord chancellor of England,
xxiv. 475.
, John, Scottish hymn- writer, xn.
591; xxi. 542.
, Robert, Scottish hymn-writer, xxi.
542.
WEDDLE'S METHOD, of calculating
logarithms, xiv. 779.
WEDGWOOD, John, English potter, xix.
632.
— , Josiah, English potter, xxiv. 476;
xix. 632.
— , Mr, on photography, xvin. 821.
WEDNESBURY, town, England, xxiv.
476.
WEE DAVIE, Norman Macleod's tale,
xv. 163.
WEEK, of seven days, IV. 664; days of
the, II. 740; astrological, xxi. 125.
WEEKA, New Zealand bird, xvn. 723.
WEEKLY MAGAZINES AND REVIEWS,
xvin. 536.
WEEKLY REGISTER, Cobbett's news
paper, vi. 84; xvn. 419.
WEEMS, or Picts' Houses, n. 339.
WEERT, Jan de, Dutch writer, xn. 90.
WEEVER, fish, xxiv. 477.
WEEVIL, beetle, xxiv. 477; vi. 133; as
vine pest, XXIV. 238.
W E E — W E S
467
WEEVIL, Corn, as wheat pest, xxiv. 536.
WEFT, in weaving, xxiv. 463; ancient,
xxin. 206.
WEGIERSKI, Thomas Kajetan, Polish
satirist, xix. 303.
WEGSCHEIDER, Julius August Ludwig,
German theologian, xx. 290.
WEGUELIN, T. M., on the Bank of Eng
land, in. 331.
WEHRLITE, mineral, xvi. 381.
WEIDA, town, Germany, xxi. 349.
WEIDENHAUSEN, suburb of Marburg,
Prussia, xv. 530.
WEIGEL, Valentin, German mystic,
xvii. 134.
WEIGHING MACHINES, in. 261; xv.
771; xvi. 490; agricultural, I. 327.
WEIGHT, Comparative, of bodies, Tables
of, XII. 541; of materials for bridge-
building, IV. 288.
WEIGHT-MODULUS, vn. 807.
WEIGHTS, Abbreviations of designations
of, I. 29.
— AND MEASURES, xxiv. 478.
WEIMAR, town, Germany, xxiv. 491;
xxi. 349; Goethe's residence in, X.
727.
WEIR, in hydraulics, XII. 474; waste,
iv. 785; xxiv. 408; on rivers, xx. 573.
WEISENTHAL, Charles F., inventor of
sewing machine, xxi. 718.
WEISHAUPT, Adam, German mystic,
xii. 706.
WEISS, Bernard Siegfried, German ana
tomist, I. 455.
, Christian Samuel, on crystals, vi.
674.
WEISSENBERG (White Mountain), Bo
hemia, Battle of (1620), in. 861 ; xxiv.
328.
— , spa, Switzerland, xvi. 433.
WEISSENFELS, town, Prussia, xxiv. 491.
WEISSENSTEIN, mountain, Switzerland,
xxii. 250.
WEISSGILTIGERZ, mineral, xvi. 395.
WEISSITE, mineral, xvi. 418.
WEISS- KUNIG, poetical autobiography,
planned by emperor Maximilian I.,
xv. 644.
WEKA, or Weeka, New Zealand bird,
xvii. 723.
WELDON RANGE-FINDER, xxm. 126.
WELD-SEED OIL, xvii. 744.
WELHAVEN, Johann Sebastian Cam-
mermejer, Norwegian poet and critic,
xvii. 591.
WELIZ, town, Eussia, xxiv. 137.
WELLAND, river, England, xiv. 654;
xvii. 555; xxi. 114.
— CANAL, Canada, xxi. 179.
WELLESLEY, Richard Wesley, marquis
of, English politician, xxiv. 491 ;
governor-general of India, XII. 804.
, Henry, his Aiithologia Polyglotta,
II. 105.
- PROVINCE, Straits Settlements,
xxii. 586.
WELLINGBOROUGH, town, England,
xxiv. 492; xvii. 556.
WELLINGTON, town, Shropshire, Eng
land, xxiv. 493.
, town, Somerset, England, xxiv.
493-
, town, New Zealand, xxiv. 493.
, Lake, Victoria, Australia, xxiv.
216.
— , Arthur Wellesley, duke of, Eng
lish general and statesman, XXI v. 493;
in battle, III. 444; British army under,
II. 571; in India, xii. 804; in Portu
gal, XIX. 551 ; his campaigns in Spain,
xxii. 344; his relations with Sir
Robert Peel, XVIII. 455; his victories,
vni. 364; at Waterloo, xvii. 224.
WELLINGTONIA, genus of trees, xxi.
674; culture of, n. 319.
WELLINGTON ISLAND, Patagonia, xvm.
352.
WELLS, for water-supply, xxiv. 404.
-, town, England, xxiv. 499; sculp
tures in cathedral, XXI. 558.
, William Charles, English physi
cian, xv. 8 1 6.
WELS, fish, xxii. 67.
WELSH, the name, vni. 269; xxiv. 268.
, Mr, his balloon ascents, I. 195.
- BARDS, in. 370; v. 318; vn. 791.
CALVINISTIC METHODISTS, xvi.
— CATTLE, i. 389.
LANGUAGE, v. 298; dictionaries of,
vn. 188.
- LAW CODE, xxi. 216.
- LITERATURE, v. 314.
- MORTGAGE, in law, iv. 254.
POETRY, vni. 408.
WELSHPOOL, town, Wales, xxiv. 500.
WEN, disease, xvm. 380.
WENCESLAUS, German king and king
of Bohemia, xxiv. 500; x. 495.
•, king of Poland, xix. 288.
WENDISH LANGUAGE, xxii. 153; dic
tionaries of, vii. 1 88.
WENDISH SWITZERLAND, district, Rus
sia, xxi. 72.
WENDS, Slavonic people, xxi. 353;
xxii. 145, 147.
WENGROFF, town, Russian Poland,
xxii. 37.
WENHAM'S AERO-PLANES, for flying
machines, IX. 322.
WTENHAM'S PARABOLIC ILLUMINATOR,
xvi. 272, 273.
WENLOCK, town, England, xxiv. 501;
abbey at, I. 15.
WENTWORTH, Charles Watson, marquis
of Rockingham, xx. 615.
— , Thomas, earl of Stratford, English
statesman, xxii. 584; vni. 347.
WENZEL, of Olmutz, German engraver,
vn. 556.
, Karl Friedrich, German metal
lurgist, xxiv. 501 ; on chemical equi
valents, v. 463.
WERDAU, town, Saxony, xxiv. 501.
WERE-WOLF, object of superstitious
belief, xv. 89.
WERGELAND, Henrik Arnold, Nor
wegian poet and dramatist, xvn.
590.
WTERNER, Abraham Gottlob, German
geologist, xxiv. 502.
— , Friedrich Ludwig Zacharias, Ger
man poet, xxiv. 502; x. 543.
, Johann, of Nuremberg, on naviga
tion, xvii. 251, 256.
of Neustadt, his encaustic process,
vni. 186.
WERNICKE, Christian, German writer,
x. 532.
WERNIGERODE, town, Prussia, xxiv.
502.
WERRA, river, Germany, xxiv. 503.
WERTHER, Goethe's work, x. 538, 725.
WESEL, town, Prussia, xxiv. 502.
, John Kuchrath, German humanist,
xxiv. 503.
WESER, river, Germany, xxiv. 503; x.
449-
WESLEY, Charles (1708-1788), English
evangelist and hymn-writer, xxiv.
504; hymns by, xii. 594.
— , Charles (1757-1815), English
organist and composer, xxiv. 504.
, John, founder of Methodism, xxiv.
504; vni. 355; hymns by, xn. 594;
his relation to Methodism, XVI. 185;
Spangenberg's relations with, xxii.
368; Whitefield's, xxiv. 551.
— , Samuel (1662-1735), English theo
logian and poet, xxiv. 503.
— , Samuel (1690-1739), English poli
tical critic and teacher, XXIV. 503.
— , Samuel (1766-1837), English
musical composer, XXIV. 504.
WESLEYAN METHODISM, xvi. 186 ;
xxiv. 504; rise of, vni. 355.
WESLEYAN REFORM UNION, xvi. 193.
WESSEL (Wesselus Gansfortius), Ger
man humanist, xxiv. 504; xx. 325.
— , J. H., Norse writer, vn. 91; xvn.
590.
WESSELENYI, Baron Nicholas, Hun
garian leader, xn. 371.
WESSEX, kingdom, England, vni. 270,
282, 284; under Alfred the Great, I.
506.
WEST, Benjamin, American painter,
xxiv. 505.
WESTALL, Richard, English painter,
xxiv. 506.
WEST BAY CITY, Michigan, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 506.
WEST BROMWICH, town, England,
xxiv. 506.
WESTBROOK, Harriet, wife of the poet
Shelley, xxi. 790.
WESTBURY, Lord, lord chancellor of
England, xxiv. 506.
WEST CHESTER, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xxiv. 506; xvm. 499.
468
W E S — W H I
WEST DERBY, town, England, xxiv.
506.
WESTERLAND, town, Sylt, Schleswig,
xxn. 8 10.
WESTERN AUSTRALIA, xxiv. 507 ;
mines in, XVI. 471.
WESTERN BANK, Scotland, in. 335.
WEST HAM, town, England, xxiv.
509.
WEST HARTLEPOOL, town, England,
XL 497.
WEST HOUGHTON, town, England,
xxiv. 509.
WEST- INDIAN, The, comedy, by Cum
berland, vi. 704.
WEST INDIES, or West India Islands,
xxiv. 509; I. 714; birds of, III. 748;
XVIII. 16; buccaneers, IV. 408; pro
portion of coloured population, XVII.
320; Edwards's History of, VII. 688.
WESTINGHOUSE BRAKE, on railway
carriages, XX. 249.
WESTMACOTT, Sir Richard, English
sculptor, xxiv. 512.
WESTMEATH, county, Ireland, xxiv.
512.
WESTMINSTER, district of London,
xiv. 821; St Peter's school at, xiv.
835.
ABBEY, i. 14; xiv. 837, 843;
architecture of, n. 427; Henry VII.'s
tomb in, xxm. 453; sculptures in,
xxi. 558; under Dean Stanley, xxn.
452.
— - ASSEMBLY (1643), xix. 687.
- CLOCK, vi. 34.
CONFESSION OF FAITH, v. 565.
ELECTION (1784), ix. 497.
HALL, Roof of, xxiv. 647.
PALACE, London, xiv. 838.
WESTMORLAND, county, England,
xxiv. 513.
WESTON, Sir Richard, on husbandry,
I. 297.
WESTON-SUPER-MARE, town, England,
xxiv. 516.
WEST-OSTLICHER DIVAN, Goethe's
poems, X. 540, 735.
WESTPHALIA, circle and duchy, xxiv.
517; congress of (1645), ni- 2^8; vi.
269; peace of (1648), in. 126; ix. 571;
x. 501; xv. 652.
, kingdom, xxiv. 5 1 7.
, province, Prussia, XXIV. 516.
WESTPHAL'S COMET, vi. 193.
WEST POINT, military academy, New
York, U.S.A., xxiv. 517; n. 619;
xii. 331-
WESTPORT, town, Ireland, xv. 650.
WEST PRUSSIA, or Westpreussen, pro
vince, Prussia, XX. 20.
WESTRAY, island, Orkney, Scotland,
xvii. 846.
WESTROP, Henry, English symphonist,
xvii. 97.
WEST TROY, town, New York, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 517.
WEST VIRGINIA, State, U.S.A., xxiv.
517; mineral springs of, XVI. 436.
WESTWARD Ho! C. Kingsley's novel,
xiv. 89.
WET-BULB THERMOMETER, vn. 218.
WETSTEIN, John Jacob, Swiss Biblical
critic, xxiv. 520.
WETTE, Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de,
German theologian, VII. 144; xvm.
505; xx. 290.
WETZLAR, district, Rhenish Prussia,
xx. 20.
WEXFORD, county, Ireland, xxiv. 521;
town, xxiv. 522.
WEXIONIUS, Olof, Swedish poet, xxn.
755-
WEYDEN, Roger van der (c. 1400-64),
Flemish painter, XXI. 439, 443 ; his
connexion with Memling, xv. 846.
, Roger van der (1450-1529),
Flemish painter, XXI. 439, 443.
WEYMOUTH, town, England, xxiv.
522.
PINE, tree, xix. 105.
WEYPRECHT, Karl, Arctic explorations
of, xix. 323, 326.
WEYSE, Christoph, Danish musical com
poser, vii. 94.
WHALE, cetacean mammal, xxiv. 523;
XV. 394; distribution of whales, vn.
280; extermination of, XIX. 126; food
of, vi. 664; sense of touch in, xxm.
479-
WHALEBONE, xxiv. 528 ; xv. 394 ;
xxn. 108.
WHALE FISHERIES, xxiv. 526.
WHALE OILS, xxiv. 529; xvn. 744.
WHALSAY, island, Shetland, Scotland,
xvn. 846.
WHARF, or Quay, xi. 455.
WHARTON, Marquises of, xxiv. 529.
, Thomas, English anatomist, I.
Six.
WHATELY, Richard, archbishop of
Dublin, xxiv. 529; on rhetoric, xx.
5I5-
WHAUP, bird, vi. 711.
WHEAT, plant and grain, xxiv. 531;
XI. 57; cultivation of, I. 354; flour
from, III. 251; IX. 346; experiments
on, with different manures, xv. 507;
price of, influenced by corn laws, VI.
409; starch from, XXII. 456; variation
in, effected by climate, I. 85, 86; aver
age yield of, I. 413; of India, XII. 747.
WHEATEAR, bird, xxiv. 536.
WHEAT FLOUR, in. 251; ix. 346.
WHEATLEY, Francis, English painter,
xxiv. 537.
, Phillis, American authoress, I.
722.
WHEAT-MIDGE (Hessian Fly), insect,
XL 781; xxiv. 535.
WHEATON, Henry, American jurist,
xxiv. 537.
WHEAT PESTS, xxiv. 534.
WHEAT STARCH, xxn. 456.
WHEATSTONE, Sir Charles, English
physicist, XXIV. 537 ; his electric
bridge, vill. 13; xxm. 116; his
magic lyre experiment, xxm. 127;
invention of stereoscope by, xxn.
538; his telegraphic apparatus, xxm.
113, 120.
WHEELER, William A., vice-president
of the United States, xxm. 790.
WHEELING, town, West Virginia, U.S. A.,
xxiv. 538.
WHEEL-MAPS, xv. 518.
WHEELS, xv. 755 ; of clocks, vi. 32 ;
of railway rolling stock, xx. 245, 247;
over-balancing, perpetual-motion at
tempts with, xvin. 554.
WHEEL-STONES, xv. 528.
WHEENERD, bird, xx. 318.
WHELK, mollusc, xvi. 646; fishery, ix.
265.
WHERNSIDE, mountain, England, xxiv.
746.
WHERRY, boat, xxi. 30.
WHETSTONE, xn. 134.
WHEW, WHEWER, bird, xxiv. 561.
WHEWELL, William, English philo
sopher, XXIV. 539; his anemometer,
II. 25; ethics of, vill. 605.
WHEWELLITE, mineral, xvi. 428.
WHEY, of milk, xvi. 304; composition
of, v. 455.
WHIGGAMORE RAID, Scotland, xxi.
514.
WHIGS, political party, in England
xxiv. 540; vill. 350, 353, 359, 361 ;
in United States, xxm. 757, 764.
WHIMBREL, bird, vi. 711.
WHIN, shrub, ix. 851; as forage plant,
I. 378.
WHINDLE, bird, xx. 318.
WHIPPLE, Edwin Percy, American critic
I. 724.
WHIP-POOR-WILL, bird, X. 711.
WHIP SNAKE, xxn. 195.
WHIP-WORM, parasite, xxiv. 206; dis
ease caused by, xvin. 270.
WHIRLPOOL, xxiv. 540.
WHIRLWIND, xvi. 129; of Egypt, vn.
703-
WHISKEY-JACK, bird, xin. 611.
WHISKY, or Whiskey, distilled spirit,
xxiv. 542 ; pathological effects of,
xvin. 407; distillation of, vn. 264;
distillation in Ireland, xin. 233.
WHIST, card game, xxiv. 543.
WHISTON, William, English divine and
mathematician, XXIV. 548; his method
for finding longitude, xvi I. 257; vn.
291; his magnetic experiments, XV.
236.
WHIST-PLAYING AUTOMATON, xv. 210.
WHITBOURNE, Captain Richard, gover
nor, Newfoundland, xvn. 385.
WHITBY, town, England, xxiv. 548;
monastery of, XI. 813.
WHITCHURCH, town, England, xxi. 848.
WHITE, Pigments of, Xix. 86.
W H I — W I L
469
WHITE, Benjamin, English naturalist
publisher, XXIV. 549.
, Gilbert, English naturalist, xxiv.
549; on birds, xvill. 9.
, Henry, English meteorologist,
xxiv. 549.
, John, English naturalist, XXIV.
549-
, Joseph Blanco, author, XXIV. 550.
, Robert, English engraver, xxiv.
550.
, Thomas, English scientist, XXIV.
549-
ANTS, insects, I. 260; xm. 146,
152.
WHITEBAIT, fish, xxiv. 550; fishery,
ix. 255.
WHITEBOY SOCIETY, Ireland, xm. 270.
WHITE CANONS, or Prsemonstratenaians
(q.v.), monastic order, I. 20.
WHITE CART, river, Scotland, XX.
395-
WHITE DOE OB' RYLSTONE, Words
worth's poem, xxiv. 676.
WHITE-EYE, bird, xxiv. 824.
WHITEFIELD, town, England, xxiv.
551-
, George, English preacher, xxiv.
551; vm. 355; xvn, 376.
WHITEFISH, xxiv. 552.
WHITEHALL, Government offices, Lon
don, xiv. 839, 847.
- BANQUETING HOUSE, n. 443.
WHITEHAVEN, town, England, xxiv.
552.
WHITEHEAD, bird, xvm. 52.
- TORPEDO, xxm. 450; xvn. 285.
WHITE HORDE, of Mongols, xvi. 747.
WHITE HORSE HILL, Berkshire, Eng
land, in. 593.
WHITE HORSE VALE, England, Stone
alignments in, XXI. 51.
WHITE HOUSE, Washington, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 384.
\VHITEHURST, Mr, his hydraulic ram,
iv. 173.
WHITE LEAD, xiv. 378.
WHITE LEG, disease, xxn. 684.
WHITE LIGHT, xiv. 596, 607.
WHITELOCK, General, Capitulation of,
at Buenos Ayres, II. 490.
WHITELOCKE, Bulstrode, English
Commonwealth politician, XXIV. 552.
WHITE MAGIC, xv. 207.
WHITE MOUNTAINS, New Hampshire,
U.S.A., xvii. 390; xxm. 792.
WHITE PINE, tree, xix. 105.
WHITE PLAINS, New York, Provincial
congress at (1776), xvii. 455.
WHITE ROCK, form of basalt, x. 311.
WHITE SEA, Russia, xxi. 67, 72, 73;
fisheries in, xxi. 582.
WHITE'S TACKLE, in mechanics, xv.
763-
WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, Virginia,
U.S.A., xvi. 436.
WHITE SWELLING, disease, XVIIL 405.
WHITETHROAT, bird, xxiv. 553.
WHITE TRAP, rock, x. 31 1.
WHITFIELD, or Whitefield (q.v.), George,
English preacher, xxiv. 551.
, John Clarke, English organist and
musical composer, xxiv. 553.
WHITGIFT, John, archbishop of Canter
bury, xxiv. 554; vm. 377.
WHITHORN, town, Scotland, xvii. 513;
XXIV. 563; monastery of, XVI. 706.
WHITING, fish, xxiv. 554; xn. 691.
, abbot of Glastonbury, England, I.
24.
WHITING-POUT, fish, xix. 650.
WHITLOW, disease, xxiv. 554.
WHITMAN, Marcus, colonizer in Oregon,
U.S.A., xvn. 825.
, Walt, American poet, I. 733.
WHITNEY, William Dwight, 011 classifi
cation of religions, XX. 365; on lan
guages of American Indians, I. 689.
WHITNEYITE, mineral, xvi. 393.
WHITSTABLE, town, England, xxiv.
555-
WHITSUNDAY, xxiv. 555; xv. 648.
WHITSUNTIDE, in England, in time of
Shakespeare, xxi. 750.
WHITTAKER, James, Shaker leader,
xxi. 737.
WHITTIER, John Greenleaf, American
poet, I. 734.
WHITTINGTON, town, England, xxiv.
555-
•, Sir Richard, lord mayor of Lon
don, xxiv. 555.
— AND HIS CAT, Legend of, xxiv.
556.
WHITTLESEA MERE, England, Drainage
of, iv. 728.
WHITWORTH, town, England, xxiv.
556.
-, Sir Joseph, his experiments on
projectiles, I. 745.
WHOOPER, bird, xxn. 731.
WHOOPING-COUGH, disease, xn. 154.
WHORL, spinning apparatus, xiv. 664.
WHORTLEBERRY, shrub, xxiv. 556.
WHY COME NOT YE TO COURT ? Skel-
ton's song, xxn. 120.
WHYDAH, town, Dahomey, Africa, vi.
765.
WHYMPER, Edward, his expedition to
Greenland, xix. 324.
WHYTOCK, Richard, his carpet-weaving
process, v. 130.
WIBERT of Ravenna (Clement III.,
antipope), XL 255.
WlBORG, province, Finland, IX. 217 ;
town, XXIV. 209.
WICHE'S LAND, island, Spitzbergen,
xxii. 408.
WICHITA, town, Kansas, U.S.A., xxiv.
556.
WICK, of candle, IV. 803; of lamp,
xiv. 245.
, town, Scotland, xxiv. 556.
WICKER- WORK, m. 421.
WICKLIFFE, or WyclifFe (q.v.), John,
English Reformer, xxiv. 708.
WICKLIFFE'S BIBLE, vm. 383.
WICKLOW, county and town, Ireland,
xxiv. 557.
WICKSTEED, J. H., his single-lever test
ing machine, XXII. 596.
WIDALIN, John, Icelandic bishop, XII.
626.
WIDDIN, town, Bulgaria, xxiv. 558.
WlDE-AWAKE, bird, xxm. 189.
WIDGEON, bird, vn. 506.
WIDIN, or Widdin, town, Bulgaria,
xxiv. 558.
WlDMANNSTATTEN FIGURES, on
meteoric irons, xvi. 113.
WIDNES, town, England, XXIV. 558.
WIDOW, Marriage of, among Jews, XXL
in.
WIDOW-BIRD, xxiv. 463.
WIDOW'S QUARANTINE, in law, xx.
158.
WIED, Counts of, Rhenish Prussia,
xvii. 366.
WIEDEMANN, Gustav Heinrich, his
magnetic researches, XV. 253.
WIELAND, in German mythology, XI.
679.
, novel by C. B. Brown, iv. 383.
, Christopher Martin, German man
of letters, xxiv. 558; x. 535; as
translator of Shakespeare, VII. 442.
WIELICZKA, Poland, Salt-mine at, xxi.
230.
WlEN (Vienna, q.v.), XXIV. 219.
, river, Austria, XXIV. 219.
WlENER-NEUSTADT, town, Austria,
xvn. 365.
WIEPRZ, river, Poland, XIX. 307.
WlERZBOLOWO, town, Russian Poland,
xxn. 728.
WIERZ-YARVI, lake, Russia, xiv. 724.
WIESBADEN, district, Germany, xvn.
238.
, town, Germany, XXI v. 559;
mineral water of, xvi. 434.
WlESELGREN, Per, Swedish historian,
XXII. 758.
WIFE, WIVES, Laws relating to, xil.
400; xv. 565; xxiv. 637.
WlG, of artificial hair, XXIV. 560.
WIGAN, town, England, xxiv. 560.
WlGEON, bird, XXIV. 561.
WIGHT, Isle of, England, xxiv. 561.
WiGRY, lake, Russian Poland, xix.
308.
WIGTOWN, county, Scotland, xxiv. 562;
town, xxiv. 563.
WlLBERFORCE, Samuel, bishop of
Oxford, XXIV. 564.
, William, English philanthropist,
xxiv. 565; his opposition to the slave
trade, xxi I. 139.
WILCZEK LAND, Polar Regions, Dis
covery of, xix. 324.
WILDALLE, Giuseppe Pinetti de, Italian
conjurer, XV. 208.
470
W I L — W I L
WILDBAD, Salzburg, Austria, Mineral
springs at, x. 107.
- , town, Wiirtemberg, XXIV. 565;
mineral water of, XVI. 433.
WILD CATTLE, v. 245; xi. 411; xvn.
566.
WILD DUCK, vn. 505.
WILDE, Richard H., American writer,
I. 723.
WILDEGG, spa, Switzerland, xvi. 434.
WILDFIRE, or Summer Lightning, XXin.
33°-
WILD HUNTSMAN, legend, xm. 674.
WILDSPITZ, mountain, Tyrol, I. 629.
- , mountain, Switzerland, xxiv. 826.
WlLDUNGEN, spa, Germany, XXIV. 321;
xvi. 433.
WILFRID, archbishop of York, xxiv.
565; xvn. 569.
WILHELM of Herle, German painter,
xxi. 438, 443.
— MEISTER, Goethe's work, x. 732.
WlLHELMSHAVEN, or Wilhelmshafen,
town, Germany, xxiv. 566; xvn. 757;
observatory at, XVII. 713.
WILHELMSHOHE, palace, Cassel, Ger
many, v. 183.
WILHELMSTHAL, Prussia, Battle of
(1762), in. 129.
WILHELM TELL, Schiller's drama, xxi.
398.
WILIBALD ALEXIS (Wilhelm Htiring),
German novelist, XI. 479.
WlLKES, John, English politician, XXIV.
566; vill. 358; XXIII. 444.
WlLKESBARRE, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xxiv. 568
WILKIE, Sir David, Scottish painter,
xxiv. 568.
WILKINS, Bishop John, author of Mathe
matical Magic, xvill. 554.
WILKOMIERZ, town, Russia, XXIV. 226.
WILL, or Testament, in law, xxiv. 570;
in Roman law, XX. 674, 691, 706,
7i3-
- , in Schopenhauer's philosophy,
xvin. 687; xxi. 453, 457; his work,
The World as Will and Idea, xvin.
687; xxi. 450.
, Freedom of the, views of moralists
on the, VIII. 608; Cousin's doctrine, VI.
525; Descartes's, v. 146; Edwards's,vn.
690; Epictetus's, VIII. 471; Hobbes's,
XII. 36; Kant's, Xlll. 853; xvi. 84;
Leibnitz's, xiv. 422 ; Malcbranche's,
v. 150; Spencer's, xxi. 457; Spinoza's,
v. 158; St Paul's, xvin. 427.
WILLAMETTE, river, Oregon, U.S.A.,
xvn. 822.
WILLAN, Robert, English physician, XV.
816.
WILLEHALM, Wolfram's legendary
history, xxiv. 632.
WILLEMITE, mineral, xvi. 410; xxiv.
785.
WILLEM THE MINSTREL, Dutch writer,
xii. 90.
WlLLENHALL, town, England, XXIV.
574-
WILLESDEN, town, England, xxiv. 574.
WILLIAM I., the Conqueror, king of
England, xxiv. 574; vill. 289, 291,
301; xvn. 542; his Domesday Book,
VII. 349; his relation to the English
Church, XIV. 283.
II., Rufus, of England, xxiv. 576;
vill. 292, 301; his contest with the
popedom, 1 1. 91.
- III., of England, xxiv. 578; vm.
351; xii. 81; his war with France, IX.
576; his relations with Ireland, xm.
268; with Scotland, xxi. 517; with
Spain, xxii. 335.
IV., of England, XXIV. 580; Vin.
365-
IV., landgrave of Hesse, XXIV.
582.
— I., count of Holland, xn. 71.
II., count of Holland, and German
king, xxiv. 584; x. 491; xii. 71.
1 1 1. -VI., of Holland, xn. 72.
I., the Silent, prince of Orange,
regent of Holland, XXIV. 582; Xii.
76.
II., stadtholder of Holland, xn.
79-
III., stadtholder of Holland, xii.
81.
IV., stadtholder of Holland, Xii.
82.
- V., stadtholder of Holland, XII. 82.
— I., king of Holland, xxiv. 584;
xii. 83.
II.-III., kings of Holland, xii. 83.
IX., count of Poitiers, Provencal
poet, xix. 872.
I., king of Prussia and German
emperor, XXIV. 581; XX. 12; x. 513.
— , the Lion, king of Scotland, xxi.
484; I. 487.
, king of Sicily, xxii. 26.
— of Auvergne, scholastic philoso
pher, XXI. 427.
of Champeaux, scholastic philoso
pher, in. 602; xxi. 422.
— of Cologne, German painter, xxi.
438, 443-
— of Lamberton, bishop of St
Andrews, XX. 593.
of Lorris, French romancist, XXIV.
584; IX. 643.
of Malmesbury, historical writer,
xv. 336.
— of Newburgh, English chronicler,
XXIV. 585.
— of Occam, scholastic philosopher,
xxi. 430; on the idea of God, xxm.
241.
of Rubruk (Rubruquis, q.v.),
Franciscan traveller, XXI. 46.
— of Saint-Calais, bishop of Durham,
xxiv. 577.
— of Saliceto, Italian surgeon, XXII.
675.
WILLIAM of Tyre, mediaeval historian
xxiv. 584.
of Wykeham, bishop of Winchester,
and chancellor of England, xxiv. 585.
AND . MARY COLLEGE, Virginia,
U.S.A., xxm. 732.
— DE CHARTRES, grand-master of
Knights Templars, xxm. 162.
FITZ OSBERT, leader of a revolt
in London, vm. 305.
- LONGSWORD, duke of Normandy,
xvii. 540.
WILLIAMS, Edward, on Welsh literature,
v. 314.
, Frederick G., Mormon leader, xvi.
826.
— , John, English missionary, xxiv.
586.
— , Lieutenant, friend of Shelley, XXI.
792.
— , Roger, American colonist and
Puritan pastor, xxiv. 586; founder of
Rhode Island settlement, XX. 524;
founder of Baptists in America, in.
356.
-, Sir William Fenwick, English
general, Xiv. 6.
— , Mount, Victoria, Australia, xxiv.
215.
WILLIAMSBURG, town, Virginia, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 261.
CANALS, St Lawrence, Canada,
xxi. 181.
WILLIAMSON, Joseph, English news
letter writer, XVII. 414.
•, Peter, founder of penny post in
Edinburgh, xix. 566.
WILLIAMSPORT, town, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A., xxiv. 587.
WILLIAMSTOWN, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
Observatory at, XVII. 715.
•, suburb of Melbourne, Victoria,
Australia, xv. 835.
WILLIBRORD, St, apostle of the Frisians,
xxiv. 587; IX. 788.
WILLIMANTIC, town, Connecticut,
U.S.A., xxiv. 587.
WILLIS, John, English stenographer,
xxi. 836, 837.
, Nathaniel Parker, American
writer, xxiv. 587; I. 727.
,' Thomas, English physician, xxiv.
588, 815; I. 811; xv. 811.
WILLISTON, Samuel, button manu
facturer, iv. 599.
WlLLMORE, James Tibbits, English
engraver, xxiv. 588.
WlLLOCK, bird, XI. 262; XX. 302.
WlLL-o'-THE-WlSP, or Ignis Fatuus,
xvin. 813.
WlLLOUGHBY, Lord, governor of
Barbados, III. 360.
, Sir Hugh, English navigator, X.
183; xix. 316.
WILLOW, tree, xxiv. 588; culture of, n.
318; for wicker-work, ill. 422; bark
of, for tanning, xiv. 382.
W I L — W I S
471
WILLS, William John, Australian ex
plorer, in. 1 06.
WILLUGHBY, Francis, English natural
ist, XXiv. 589; on birds, XVIII. 4; on
ichthyology, XI I. 631.
WILMINGTON, town, Delaware, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 589.
, town, North Carolina, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 589.
WILMOT, John, earl of Rochester, Eng
lish poet, xx. 614.
PROVISO, in United States history,
xxin. 768.
WILNO, or Yilna, government, Russia,
xxiv. 233; town, xxiv. 234.
WILSON, Alexander, Scottish-American
naturalist, xxiv. 590; on American
ornithology, xvili. 16.
— , Dr Alexander, on sun-spots, II.
785.
— , Allan R,, improver of sewing
machine, xxi. 719.
— , Florence (Volusenus), Scottish
humanist, xxiv. 296; xxi. 541.
— , Henry, vice-president of the United
States, xxiv. 590.
— , Horace Hayman, English Orien
talist, xxiv. 590.
— , James, American judge, xxin.
748.
— , James, Scottish naturalist, XXIV.
591; on ornithology, XVlil. 13.
— , John, Scottish man of letters, xxiv.
591.
— , John, of Ainsworth, his improve
ments in cotton manufacture, VI. 489.
— , Richard, English painter, XXIV.
593; xxi. 441, 444.
, William, Scottish Seceder, XXIII.
728.
WILSON'S PEAK, Rocky Mountains,
U.S.A., xxin. 796.
WILSON'S PROMONTORY, Victoria, Aus
tralia, xxiv. 215.
WILTON, town, England, xxiv. 595.
— CARPETS, v. 130.
WILTS, county, England, xxiv. 593.
WIMBLE, mining implement, xvi. 443.
WIMBLEDON, town, Surrey, xxiv. 595.
COMMON, near London, XIV. 824;
rifle meetings on, xxiv. 295.
WIMBORNE MINSTER, town, England,
xxiv. 595; vn. 372.
WINCEBY, England, Battle of (1643),
vi. 599.
WlNCHCOMBE, John (Jack of Newbury),
English weaver, xvn. 375.
WlNCHELSEA, town, England, xxi I.
724.
WINCHESTER, town, England, xxiv.
596; architecture of cathedral, II. 426,
428; cryptof cathedral, vi. 668; Saxon
standards of measure kept at, XXIV.
483-
, town, Virginia, U.S.A., xxiv.
597-
— COLLEGE, England, xxiv. 586, 596.
WINCHESTER OBSERVATORY, at Yale
College, Connecticut, U.S.A., xvn.
7i5-
WINCKELMANN, Johami Joachim, Ger
man archaeologist, XXIV. 597; II. 344;
X. 535; on plastic beauty, I. 219; his
system of mnemonics, XVI. 533.
WIND, WINDS, XVI. 143, 154, 180; re
lation of, to climate, vi. 6; force of,
xvi. 124; geological action of, x. 265;
Buys-Ballot's law of the winds, ill. 29;
measurer of force of, II. 24; in navi
gation, XVII. 275; Kant on theories of,
XIII. 847.
WIND-CARRIAGE, Invention of, by
Stevinus, XXII. 545.
WIND DOGS, in meteorology, XI. 399.
WlNDERMERE, Lake, England, XIV.
252; xxiv. 513.
WlNDHAM, Sir William, Bolingbroke's
letter to, IV. 6.
•, William, English politician, xxiv.
598.
WINDHOVER, bird, xiv. 53.
WINDING MACHINERY, in mines, xvi.
456.
WINDLASS, iv. 621 ; differential, xv.
763; Spanish, xxi. 591.
WINDMILL, xxiv. 599; xv. 773.
WINDOWS, in building, IV. 493, 496;
glass for, x. 660; stained, manu
facture of, x. 668 ; tracery on, IV.
475; ventilation by, XXiv. 160.
WINDPIPE, or Trachea, xx. 475 ; of
mammals, XV. 365.
WlNDRUSH, river, England, XVIII. 93;
XXIII. 220.
WINDSOR, town, England, xxiv. 600;
libraries, xiv. 545; tapestry manufac
ture, xxin. 213.
— , town, Ontario, Canada, vil. 133.
— , town, Nova Scotia, xvi I. 603.
— CASTLE, England, xxiv. 60 1 ; organ
of St George's Chapel at, xvil. 835, 837.
— FOREST, Pope's poem, xix. 484.
WINDWARD ISLANDS, West Indies,
xxiv. 510; in. 749.
WINE, xxiv. 601; adulterations of, I.
173 ; fermentation of, IX; 92, 97 ;
Canary, iv. 797 ; Catawba, v. 219;
production in Europe, vill. 691; pro
duction in Italy, xin. 451 ; of Madeira,
XV. 178; the industry in Spain, xxi I.
299 ; of Wiirteniberg, XXIV. 700 ;
sacramental, xxi. 134; xxm. 159.
- TONNERS, English trading com
pany, I. 173.
WlNFRlD (St Boniface), apostle of Ger
many, iv. 33; x. 478; as papal legate,
xix. 494.
WTINGS, of birds, in. 720; IX. 308; of
Chiroptera, xv. 405; of insects, xin.
144; ix. 310.
WINILIS, Scandinavian tribe, XIV. 813.
WlNKELRIED, Arnold von, Legend of,
xxiv. 612.
WINKLER, friend of Leasing, XIV. 480.
WINNEBAGOES, American-Indian tribe,
xii. 832.
WlNNECKE, Friedrich August Theodor,
astronomer, xvm. 248; his comet, vi.
192.
WINNEMUCCA, Lake, Nevada, U.S.A.,
XVIL 367.
WINNIPEG, town, Manitoba, Canada,
xxiv. 613; xv. 491; xx. 315.
WINNOWING MACHINES, i. 326.
WlNONA, town, Minnesota, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 613.
WlNSLOW, Edward, Mayflower pilgrim,
xxiv. 613.
•, Jaccjues, anatomist, I. 814.
WINTER, Peter, German dramatic com
poser, xxiv. 614.
WINTERBERG, plateau, Westphalia,
Germany, xxiv. 516.
WINTER-BERRY, tree, n. 320.
WlNTERTHUR, town, Switzerland,
xxiv. 614; its relations with Zurich,
xxiv. 831.
WlNTHER, Christian, Danish writer,
vn. 92.
WlNTHROP, John (1587-1649), Puritan,
governor of Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
XXIV. 614; IV. 72.
, John (1606-1676), Puritan, gover
nor of Connecticut, U.S.A., xxiv.
614.
, Theodore, American writer, I.
727.
WlNTON, or Wyntoun, Andrew, Scot
tish writer, XXIV. 712; his Cronykil,
ill. 364; XXI. 540.
WINYAW BAY, South Carolina, U.S.A.,
xxii. 287.
WINZET, Ninian, Scottish controver
sialist, xxi. 542.
WIRE, xxiv. 614; elasticity of, vn.
800, 803, 817; fences of, I. 310; table
of strength of, xvi. 65; telegraphic,
xxm. 114; telephonic, xxin. 132.
WIRE-DRAWING, Brass, iv. 217.
— , of steam, xxn. 487.
WIRE FENCES, i. 310.
WIRE NAILS, xvn. 166.
WIRE-NETTING, xvn. 360.
WIRE-ROPE, xx. 846.
WIRE-WORM, insect larva, vi. 132; as
wheat pest, xxiv. 536.
WIRZBERG (Wiirzburg), town, Bavaria,
xxiv. 704; xiv. 547.
WlSBECH, or Wisbeach, town, England,
xxiv. 615.
WISBY, town, Gotland, Sweden, xxiv.
616.
— SEA LAWS, xxi. 585.
WISCONSIN, State, U.S.A., xxiv. 616.
WISDOM, or Hokmah, in Hebrew litera
ture, XL 599; xui. 420, 702; xix.
872.
— , or cppoi/wis, in ancient ethics, vui.
574; in Socratic philosophy, xxn.
237; xix. 195.
OF GOD, Ray's work, XX. 301.
472
WISDOM OF JESUS, SON OF SIRACH, in
Apocrypha, II. 181.
WISDOM OF SOLOMON, in Apocrypha,
n. 181.
WISE, John, American aeronaut, I. 193.
WISEMAN, Richard, English surgeon,
xxii. 676.
WISERINE, mineral, xvi. 403.
WISHART, George, Scottish martyr, ill.
466; xxi. 499.
WISH AW, town, Scotland, xxiv. 619.
WISLICA, Statute of, Poland, xix. 288.
WlSMAR, town, Germany, XXIV. 619.
WISNIOWIECKI, Michael, king of
Poland, xix. 295.
WIT, in phrenology, XVIII. 845.
, Johan de, on life annuities, II. 78.
WiTAN, or Witenagemot, early English
council, xvill. 302.
WITCHCRAFT, xxiv. 619; n. 204; vn.
63; xv. 199; lycanthropous, xv. 89;
in the Scottish Highlands, X. 9; tor
ture applied in trials for, xxill. 465;
Bodin's belief in, in. 848.
WITCHES' CALDRON, in Shakespeare's
Macbeth, xv. 202.
WITCH OF ATLAS, The, by Shelley, xxi.
793-
WITCH OF EDMONTON, Ford and Dek-
ker's play, IX. 396.
WITCH SABBATHS, in legend, xni. 674.
WITENAGEMOT, early English council,
vin. 276; xviii. 302, 459, 461.
WITHAM, river, England, xiv. 654.
, England, Monastery of, I. 21.
WITHAMITE, mineral, xvi. 409.
WITHER, George, English poet, XXIV.
623; as hymn-writer, XII. 591; as
pastoral poet, XVIII. 347.
WlTHERINGS, Thomas, English postal
reformer, XIX. 563.
WlTHERITE, mineral, xvi. 398.
WITHINGTON, town, England, xxiv.
623.
WITIZA, reforming Benedictine monk,
XVI. 707.
WITNESS, in law, xxiv. 623; vin. 743;
xix. 777.
WITSIUS, Hermann, Dutch theologian,
xxiv. 625.
WITT, Cornelius de, Dutch burgomaster,
vii. 145.
, John de, Dutch statesman, VII.
145; xii. 80.
WlTTEKlND,or Wittikind, Saxon leader,
v. 403; xxi. 351.
WITTEN, town, Prussia, xxiv. 625.
WITTENBERG, town, Prussia, xxiv.
625; university of, xxill. 843, 848.
CONCORDIA, of German Protes
tants, xv. 83.
THESES, Luther's, xv. 72.
WITTICH, Christoph, Cartesian philo
sopher, vii. 126.
, of Breslau, his calculation by
prosthaphferesis, XVII. 183.
WITTICHENITE, mineral, xvi. 395.
WITTIKIND, or Wittekind, Saxon leader,
v. 403; xxi. 351.
WITTOW, district, Riigen, Prussia, XXI.
56.
WITWICKI, Polish poet, xix. 304.
WlVELISCOMBE, town, England, XXII.
258.
WIVES, Laws relating to, XI I. 400; xv.
565; xxiv. 637.
AND DAUGHTERS, Mrs Gaskell's
novel, x. 105.
WLADISLAWOW, town, Russian Poland,
xxn. 728.
WLADYSLAW I., king of Poland, xix.
287.
- II., of Poland, xix. 288.
- III., of Poland, xix. 289.
- IV., of Poland, xix. 294.
WLOCLAWEK, town, Russian Poland,
xxiv. 625.
WLODAWA, town, Russian Poland, xxn.
37-
WOAD, dye, vn. 576.
WOBURN, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 625.
— ABBEY, England, in. 483.
WOELFL, Joseph, Austrian pianist and
composer, xxiv. 626.
WOEPCKE, Francois, on numerals, XVII.
627.
WOGAN, cave, Pembroke, Wales, xvni.
483-
WOHLER, Friedrich, German chemist,
xxiv. 626; on the strength of metals,
xxn. 601.
WOHLERITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
WOHLGEMUTH, Michael, German
painter, xxiv. 627; vn. 555; xvn.
663; xxi. 565.
WOLBOROUGH, town, England, xvn.
449.
WOLCHITE, mineral, XVI. 395.
WOLCOT, John (Peter Pindar), English
painter and satirist, xxiv. 628.
WOLDS, The, hills, England, xiv. 653.
WOLF, carnivorous mammal, xxiv. 628;
xv. 438; affinities of, to the dog, vn.
324; skins of, IX. 839; of India, XII.
741 ; superstitions regarding (lycan-
thropy), XV. 89; worship of, XXI. 135.
•, Friedrich August, German scholar,
xxiv. 629; his Prolegomena on Homer,
Xii. 115.
, Joseph, illustrator of birds, xvni.
12.
WOLF-DOG, VII. 326.
WOLFE, Charles, Irish poet, xxiv. 630.
, James, English general, xxiv. 630.
WOLFENBUTTEL, town, Germany, xxiv.
631; library, xiv. 547.
FRAGMENTS, deistical writings,
XX. 352; published by Lessing, x.
536; xiv. 481.
WOLFF, Albert, German sculptor, XXI.
566.
— , Betjen, Dutch writer, xii. 96.
, Caspar Friedrich, German cin-
bryologist, xxiv. 631; vin. 165; xvi.
839; on evolution, Vin. 745, 750.
WOLFF, Christian, German philosopher,
xxiv. 631; x. 532; Kant's relations
to, xni. 849; on rationalism, XX. 289.
, Elizabeth, Dutch novelist, in. 51 1.
WOLF-FlSH, XII. 690; XXI. 614.
WOLF OF BADENOCH (Sir Alexander
Stuart), Scottish noble, xxn. 610.
WOLFRAM, Dutch logarithmist, xiv.
776.
WOLFRAMITE, mineral, xvi. 403; xxm.
607.
WOLFRAM VON ESCHENBACH, German
poet, xxiv. 632; x. 524; his poem on
Troy, XX. 639; on Par/ival, XX. 645.
WOLF ROCK LIGHTHOUSE, Scilly
Islands, xiv. 6 1 6.
WOLFSBERGITE, mineral, xvi. 394.
WOLF SPIDERS, arachnids, xxm. 60.
WOLFSTAN, Norse navigator, xix. 316.
WOLF TRANSFORMATIONS (Lycan-
thropy), XV. 89.
WOLKONSKOITE, mineral, xvi. 425.
WTOLLASTON, island, Tierra del Fuego,
XXin. 384.
— , William, English philosophical
writer, xxiv. 632; his ethical teach
ing, vin. 60 1.
-, William Hyde, English man of
science, xxiv. 633; 011 light, Xiv. 593;
his process of working platinum, xix.
190.
WOLLASTONITE, mineral, xvi. 415.
WOLLASTON'S DOUBLET, combination
of lenses, xvi. 259.
WOLLIN, island, Prussia, xxiv. 633;
xix. 442; town, xxiv. 633.
WOLLSTONECRAFT, Mary (Mrs God
win), x. 716.
— , Mary, wife of Shelley, xxi. 789;
x. 717.
WoLMAR, Melchior, his connexion with
Beza, in. 625.
WOLOFS, or Woloff Group, race of
Negroes, West Africa, I. 263; xvn.
319; xxi. 662.
WOLSELEY, Sir Garnet, his expedition
to Ashantee, II. 682.
WOLSEY, Thomas, English cardinal,
xxiv. 634; vin. 334; xx. 329; his
leniency towards Lutherans, VIII. 374;
his patronage of Thomas Cromwell,
vi. 605; his influence with Henry
VIII., XI. 663 ; his relations with
Thomas More, xvi. 817.
WOLVERENE, carnivorous mammal, x.
696; xv. 440; skins of, IX. 839.
WOLVERHAMPTON, town, England,
xxiv. 636.
WOMANHOOD, Period of, xv. 778.
WOMBAT, marsupial mammal, xxiv.
637; in. in; xv. 383.
WOMBWELL, town, England, xxiv.
637.
WOMEN, Law relating to, xxiv. 637;
married, their right to make wills,
W 0 N — W R A
473
xxiv. 573; rights of, under Salic law,
XXI. 214; Comte's views on the con
dition of, VI. 238.
WONDER, in phrenology, xvm. 845.
WONGA-WONGA, Australian pigeon,
XIX. 85.
WOOD, xxiv. 643; formation of, IV. 100;
XII. 18; growth of, IX. 397; as building
material, IV. 448; as fuel, IX. 808; for
gas making, X. 100; dry rot in, VII.
493; sawing of, XXI. 345; strength of,
vil. 816; xxn. 603.
— , Sir Andrew, Scottish sea-captain,
xxi. 496.
— , Anthony a, English antiquary,
xxiv. 643.
, Fernando, mayor of New York,
XVII. 463.
Mrs Henry (Ellen Price), English
novelist, XXIV. 644.
WOODBRIDGE, town, England, XXII.
622.
WOODBURY, Levi, American politician
and judge, XXIII. 790.
TYPE, in photography, xvin. 833.
WOOD-CARVING, xxiv. 644; v. 168;
the industry in Switzerland, XXII.
779-
WOOD CELLS, of plants, xn. 18.
WOODCHAT, bird, XXI. 846.
WOODCOCK, bird, XXIV. 650; shooting,
xxi. 835.
, Katharine, Milton's second wife,
XVI. 334.
WOODCOCK-OWL, bird, XVIII. 90.
WOODCOCK'S PILOT, bird, xiv. 83.
WOODCUTS, vin. 436.
WOOD-ENGRAVING, vm. 436; v. 99;
early, XXlll. 683; substitutes for,
xxni. 704.
WOODEN PEAR, Australian tree, xvn.
410.
WOOD FIBRE, in paper-making, xvin.
225.
WOODHALL SPA, England, xvi. 434.
WOODHOUSELEE, Lord, Scottish judge,
xxni. 713.
WOODLARK, bird, XIV. 315.
WOODLOUSE, crustacean, vi. 658.
WOODMEN OF ARDEN, English society
of archers, 1 1. 375.
WOOD NAPHTHA, xvn. 174.
WOOD OIL, xvii. 744.
WOOD PAVING, xx. 585.
WOODPECKER, bird, xxiv. 651; sacred
to Mars, xv. 570.
WOOD-PIGEON, bird, VII. 379.
WOOD-RAT, rodent mammal, xvn. 6.
WOODS, in joinery, IV. 486.
WOOD'S HALFPENCE, Irish coinage,
xxn. 766; xni. 268.
WOOD-SPIRIT, in chemistry, xvi. 195.
WOODSPITE, bird, xxiv. 651.
WOODSTOCK, town, England, xxiv.
653; xvin. 94.
, town, Ontario, Canada, XXIV. 653.
, town, New Brunswick, xvn. 375.
WOODVILLE, Elizabeth, wife of Edward
IV. of England, VH. 685.
, William, early vaccinator, xxiv. 24.
WOODWORK, iv. 476.
WOODWORTH, Samuel, American poet,
I. 722.
WOO-HOO, town, China, xxiv. 699.
Woo How, empress of China, V. 646.
WOOL, xxiv. 653; growing of, I. 398;
growing, in Australia, ill. 114; fibre
of, IX. 133; bleaching of, ill. 822;
dyeing of, vil. 571; weaving of, in
ancient times, xxin. 207.
WOOLF, Mr, improver of steam-engine,
xxil. 477, 494.
WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES, xxiv. 653;
of England, VIII. 231.
WOOLLETT, William, English engraver,
xxiv. 663.
WOOLSORTER'S DISEASE, xxiv. 663.
WOOLSTON, Thomas, English deist,
xxiv. 663; vn. 35.
WOOLWICH, town, England, xxiv. 664;
dockyard, vil. 311, 318; Eoyal
Arsenal, II. 633; Royal Artillery
Institution, II. 586; Royal Military
Academy, II. 585.
CLAY BEDS, in geology, x. 361.
WOON, or Wun, district, India, xxiv.
699.
WOONSOCKET, town, Rhode Island,
U.S.A., xxiv. 665.
WOOTZ STEEL, xni. 342.
Woo WANG, emperor of China, v. 643.
WORCESTER, county, England, xxiv.
665.
-, town, England, xxiv. 666; college
for the blind at, III. 828; newspapers
of, xvn. 421; porcelain works at, xix.
642; battle of (1654), vi. 601.
— , town, Massachusetts, U.S.A., xxiv.
668; libraries, xiv. 551.
-, Thomas Percy, earl of, xvm. 523.
, John Tiptoft, earl of, vm. 330;
deputy of Ireland, xni. 261.
, Edward Somerset, third marquis
of, inventor of a steam-engine, xxn.
473; on the over-balancing wheel,
xvm. 554.
, Florence of, English chronicler,
IX. 337.
COLLEGE, Oxford, xvin. 98.
WORD, the Logos (q.v.), xiv. 804.
WORDS, study of (philology), xvin. 765;
combination of, XL 38.
WORDSWORTH, William, English poet,
xxiv. 668; odes of, xix. 271; his
place in English literature, vm. 433,
434-
WORK, in mechanics, xv. 700.
WORKHOUSES, English, xix. 468, 476.
WORKING CLASSES, Enfranchisement
of the, xix. 352; progress of, xxiv. 312.
WORKING MEN'S INTERNATIONAL
ASSOCIATION, xni. 189.
WORKINGTON, town, England, xxiv.
676.
WORKMEN, their legal relations
to employers, xiv. 170; unions of,
xxni. 499.
WORKS AND DAYS, Hesiod's poem, XL
777-
WORKSOP, town, England, xxiv.
677.
WORLD, ancient theories of its origin,
VI. 446; myths regarding, XVII. 143,
156; estimates of population of, xix.
5I3-
, Creation of the, Era of the, v. 713.
AS WILL AND IDEA, The, Schopen
hauer's work, xxi. 450.
WORM, WORMS, class of animals, xxiv.
677 (where see references); embryology
of, XX. 419; reproduction, xx. 409;
organs of touch, XXlll. 478; diseases
caused by, xvin. 270; xxiv. 205.
WORMS, town, Germany, xxiv. 684;
concordat of (1122), x. 489; xix. 500;
diet of (1521), v. 414; x. 498; xx.
328; Luther before the diet, XV. 75.
WORMWOOD, herb, xii. 289.
WORNUM, Robert, pianoforte maker,
xix. 75.
WORONICZ, John Paul, Polish bishop
and writer, xix. 303.
WORONZOFF, Catherina Romanofna,
Princess Dashkoff, VI. 830; v. 233.
WORSBROUGH, town, England, XXIV.
685.
WORSHIP, Religious, XX. 358; sacrificial,
xxi. 132; in Israel, xvin. 509.
WORSTED, yarn and cloth, xxiv. 658;
manufactories, in England, vm.
231.
WORTHIES OF ENGLAND, Fuller's work,
ix. 815.
WORTHING, town, England, xxiv. 685.
WORTHINGTON ENGINE, XXIL 515.
WORUNGUL, town, India, XXIV. 366.
WOTHLY TYPE, in photography, XVIIL
831-
WOTTON, Edward, English naturalist,
XXIV. 803; on birds, XVIIL 3; on
reptiles, xx 433.
, Sir Henry, English writer and
courtier, XXIV. 685; friend of Izaak
Walton, xxiv. 342.
, William, English scholar, XXIV.
685.
WOULDHAVE, William, inventor of life
boat, xiv. 571; xxi. 802.
WOUNDS, Surgical treatment of, xxn.
678, 681, 682; infectiveness of, xvm.
401; repair of, xvm. 363; death by,
xv. 781.
received by stigmatization, xxn.
548.
WOUWERMAN, Philip, Dutch painter,
xxiv. 686.
WRANGELL, Baron Ferdinand, Russian
Arctic explorer, x. 193; XIX. 320.
WRANGEL'S LAND, North Siberia, xxiv.
726.
WRASSE, fish, xxiv. 686; xvm. 324.
XXV. — 60
474
WRAY, or Ray (q.v.), John, English natu
ralist, XX. 300.
WRECK, in law, xxiv. 686; salvage of,
xxi. 237; statistics of wrecks in 1882,
xvii. 277.
WREKIN, hill, England, xxi. 847; xxiv.
493-
WREN, bird, xxiv. 688; fire-crested,
XIV. 83; golden-crested, xiv. 82.
, Sir Christopher, English architect,
xxiv. 689; II. 443; XVII. 442; his
London churches, xiv. 838; his plan
for rebuilding London, XIV. 849.
WRENCH, hand tool, xi. 439.
WRESSELL CASTLE, Yorkshire, England,
xxiv. 749.
WRESTLING, xxiv. 690 ; in ancient
games, x. 64.
WREXHAM, town, Wales, xxiv. 691.
WRIGHT, Edward, English mathemati
cian, xiv. 769, 774; xvii. 254; trans
lator of Napier's Canon Mirificus, xvii.
179.
, Joseph, English painter, xxiv.
691.
, Richard, American Methodist, xvi.
191.
, Silas, American politician, XXIV.
692.
, Thomas, English antiquary, xxiv.
692.
WRIST, Anatomy of the, I. 827, 839.
WRIT, in law, xxiv. 692 ; xix.
218.
, Parliamentary, xxiv. 697.
WRITING, xvm. 143 ; xxm. 682 ;
beginnings of, XVIII. 766; in time of
Homer, xn. 112; hieroglyphic, XI.
794; illuminated, xn. 707; litho
graphic, XIV. 698.
— MACHINES, xxiv. 697.
MATERIALS, Ancient, xvm. 143,
232.
PAPER, Sizes of, xvm. 226.
WRITING-TELEGRAPH, xxm. 121.
WRONGS, or Torts, in law, XXIII.
454-
WRONSKI, Hoene de, algebraist, I.
516.
WROTTESLEY'S OBSERVATORY, Black-
heath, England, xvi I. 712.
WROXETER, town, England, xxi.
648.
WRYNECK, bird, xxiv. 698.
, Henry, duke of Lancaster, xiv.
255.
WUHU, town, China, xxiv. 699.
WULFENITE, mineral, xvi. 403.
WULFRUNA, early English princess,
xxiv. 637.
WULFSTAN, St, of Worcester, xxiv.
667.
WULLENWEVER, Jurgen, burgomaster
of Ltibeck, xv. 32.
WUN, district, India, xxiv. 699.
WUPPER, river, Rhenish Prussia, XX.
20.
W R A - - X I B
WURDA, district, India, xxiv. 370.
WURNU, town, Sokoto, Africa, XXII.
248, 279.
WURTEMBERG, or Wurttemberg, king
dom, Europe, xxiv. 699; army, II.
600; libraries, xiv. 527, 546; prison
system, XIX. 761.
WURTZ, Charles Adolphe, French
chemist, xxiv. 702.
WURTZITE, mineral, xvi. 392.
WiJRZBURG, town, Bavaria, xxiv. 704;
library, xiv. 547.
, Konrad von, his Bach von Troye,
XX. 639.
WYANDOTS, American Indians, xn.
827, 831.
WYANDOTTE, town, Kansas, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 704.
— CAVE, Indiana, U.S.A., xn. 813.
WYAT, Sir Thomas (1503-1542), Eng
lish poet, xxiv. 704.'
— , Sir Thomas (c. 1520-1554), his
attack on London (1554), Xiv. 846.
WYATT, James, English architect, xxiv.
705.
WYCHERLEY, "William, English drama
tist, xxiv. 705; vii. 436.
WYCH-HAZEL, tree, n. 320.
WYCHWOOD FOREST, England, xvm.
93-
WYCLIFFE, or Wickliffe, John, English
Reformer, xxiv. 708; vill. 324; his
influence on the Church of England,
vill. 373 ; influence on John Huss, XII.
404; his place in English literature,
vill. 410; his relations to the Lollards,
xiv. 8 10.
WYCOMBE, town, England, xxiv. 712.
WYE, river, England and Wales, xi.
729; xvi. 753; xx. 217.
WYKEHAM, Chapel of, Lincolnshire,
England, XXII. 367.
— , William of, bishop of Winchester
and chancellor of England, xxiv.
585.
WYNTOUN, Andrew of, Scottish chroni
cler, xxiv. 712; in. 364; xxi. 540.
WYOMING, Territory, United States,
xxiv. 712; geysers of, x. 558;
Yellowstone National Park, xxiv.
736.
WYON, Thomas, English medallist,
xxiv. 713.
, William, English medallist, xxiv.
713-
WYSS, Johann Rudolf, Swiss poet, xxn.
799-
WYTFLIET, Cornelius, Early notice of
Australia by, ill. 103.
WYTHE, George, American politician,
xxm. 748.
WYTTENBACH, Daniel Albert, German
scholar, xxiv. 714.
— , Thomas, Swiss theologian, XXIV.
714; his relations with Zwingli, XXIV.
832.
WYVERN, in heraldry, XI. 702.
V the twenty-fourth letter of the
•**•> alphabet, xxiv. 716.
XALAPA (Jalapa), town, Mexico, xin.
547-
XAMARAN, quarantine station, on Red
Sea, xx. 155.
XANTHIAN MARBLES, British Museum,
ix. 67.
XANTHOCHROIC TYPE, of man, n. 113;
in Asia, 1 1. 696.
XANTHOCON, mineral, xvi. 396.
XANTHOLITE, mineral, xvi. 409.
XANTHOPHYLL, colouring matter of
plants, xix. 53.
XANTHOPHYLLITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
XANTHOSIDERITE, mineral, xvi. 388.
XANTHOXYLUM, genus of trees, xvm.
519.
XANTHUS, river, Asia Minor, 1 1. 708;
XV. 93.
— , town, Lycia, Asia Minor, XXIV.
716; xv. 93; tombs at, n. 402.
— , Lydian historian, xv. 99.
XATIVA (Jdtiva), town, Spain, xin. 597.
XAUXA, town, Peru, xvm. 675; river,
xvm. 673.
XAVIER, Francisco, apostle of the
Indies, xxiv. 716; his relation to
Jesuitism, XIII. 651; missions of, xvi.
5i3-
, Jerome, Jesuit missionary, xx. 1 1 1 .
XEBEKS, or Zeybeks, people, Asia
Minor, v. 102; II. 712.
XENIA, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xxiv. 718.
XENOCRATES of Chalcedon, Greek
philosopher, xxiv. 718; I. 68.
XENODERMID^E, family of snakes, xxn.
193-
XENOLITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
XENOPELTID^, family of snakes, xxn.
192.
XENOPHANES of ' Colophon, Eleatic
philosopher, XXIV. 719; Vill. i; xvi II.
3i5-
XENOPHON, Greek historian, xxiv. 720;
XL 103, 141; his economic teaching,
xix. 349; on Socrates, xxn. 232; in
the Persian expedition, XVIII. 576.
of Ephesus, Greek novelist, xx.
635.
XENORHYNCHUS, genus of birds, xni.
539.
XENOTIME, mineral, xvi. 403.
XENURUS, genas of edentate mammals,
xv. 387.
XEREZ (Jerez), town, Spain, xin. 629;
wine of, XXIV. 607.
XERODERMA, skin disease, xxn. 121.
XERUS, genus of rodent mammals, xxn.
438; xv. 418.
XERXES I., king of Persia, xxiv. 721;
vin. 560; xi. 99; xvm. 572; tomb
of, xvm. 558.
- II., of Persia, xxiv. 721; xvm.
575-
XIBARO, issue of Negro and Indian,
xvii. 319.
X I C — Y E A
475
XlCAQUES, Indian tribe, Honduras,
xii. 131.
XiMENES,or Jimenes, Francisco, Spanish
cardinal and statesman, xin. 693, 94;
xx. 324; xxii. 327.
XIMENEZ, Francesch, Catalan writer,
xxii. 364.
XIPE-TOTEC, Mexican deity, xvi. 212.
XIPHIAS, genus of fishes, xxii. 804.
XIPHIUM, genus of plants, xill. 276.
XlSUTHRUS, legendary king of Babylon,
vn. 54.
XONOLITE, mineral, XVI. 420.
XYLARIA, genus of Fungi, xvn. 75.
XYLEM, or Wood, in vegetable histology,
xn. 1 8.
XYLENE, benzol, xxm. 59.
XYLOGRAPHY, or Block-Printing, xxm.
682.
XYSTUS (Sixtus I.), pope, xxii. 103.
X. Y. Z. MISSION, to France from
United States, XXlii. 755.
V7" the twenty-fifth letter of the
> alphabet, xxiv. 722.
YAAKOB of Orleans, Jewish writer,
xxm. 40.
B. MEIR B. SHEMUEL, Rabbinic
scholar, xxm. 39.
YABLONOVOI MOUNTAINS, Siberia,
xxm. 509.
YABU, Afghan breed of horses, I. 233.
YACHOW-Fu, town, China, xxiv. 722.
YACHT, YACHTING, xxiv. 722; xxi. 594.
YADZVINGS, tribe, Lithuania, xiv. 702.
YAFA (Joppa), town, Palestine, XIII. 746.
YAFFIL, or Yaffle, bird, xxiv. 651.
YAGHANS, tribe, Tierra del Fuego, xxm.
384-
YAGUAR-COCHA, lake, Ecuador, vn.
646.
YAHYA B. KHALID, prime minister of
Haroun al Raschid, XI. 488.
YAJNAVALKYA, in Sanskrit literature,
xxi. 288.
YAJUR-VEDA, Sanskrit sacred writing,
xxi. 278.
YAK, ungulate mammal, xxiv. 725.
YAKHSU, river, Turkestan, xvm. 103.
YAKIMA PASS AND RIVER, Washington
Territory, U.S.A., xxiv. 385.
YAKOBA, town, Sokoto, Africa, xxii.
248, 279.
YAKUB, shah of Persia, xvm. 633.
ALMANSOR, Moorish prince in
Spain, XXII. 317.
BEG (the Atalik Ghazi), amir of
Kashgar, xiv. 7.
BEN LAITH, founder of SafFarid
Moslem dynasty, xvi. 586.
YAKUBI, Arab historian, xxm. 3.
YAKUTS, people, Siberia, xxii. 8; xxm.
608, 661; xxiv. 726.
YAKUTSK, province, Siberia, xxiv. 725;
town, xxiv. 727.
YALE COLLEGE, New Haven, Con
necticut, U.S.A., xvn. 394; xxm.
857; library, xiv. 534; observatory,
XVII. 715.
YALE LOCK, xiv. 751.
YALKUT, Midrash, xvi. 287.
YALTA, town, Crimea, Russia, vi. 587;
xxm. 83.
YA-LU-KlANG, river, Corea, vi. 391.
YALUTOROVSK, town, Siberia, xxm.
43°-
YAM, plant, xxiv. 727; xn. 289; in
Polynesia, xix. 419.
YAMA, Hindu divinity, iv. 208.
YAMA-MAI WORM, silkworm, xxii. 60.
YAMAN-TAU, mountain, Russia, xxiv.
4-
YAMBO, town, Arabia, xxiv. 727; xx.
316.
YAMBURG, town, Russia, xxi. 190.
YAMDENA, island, Timor Laut group,
Indian Archipelago, XXIII. 398.
YAMPAIS, American Indians, xn. 827.
YAMPOL, town, Russia, xix. 254.
RAPIDS, Dniester river, Russia,
vn. 306.
YA MURA, mountain, Sumatra, xxii.
638.
YANA, river, Siberia, xxiv. 726.
YANAON, French settlement, India,
xxiv. 727.
YANBO (Yambo), town, Arabia, xxiv.
727; xx. 316.
YANDOON, town, Burmah, xxm. 330.
YANEZ, Rodrigo, Spanish chronicler,
xxii. 354.
YANG-CHOW Fu, town, China, xxiv.
728.
YANG-CHU, Chinese philosopher, xvi.
4-
YANGHI-HISSAR, town, Turkestan,
xxm. 639; xxiv. 728.
YANGI SHAHR (Kashgar), town, Turke
stan, xiv. 7; xxm. 639.
YANG KEEN, emperor of China, v.
645.
YANG-TSZE-KEANG, river, China, v.
631; xvm. 117.
YANG-TUNY, mountain, Russia, xxiv.
4-
YANINA (Janina), town, Albania, Turkey,
xni. 565; xxm. 653.
YANKTON, town, Dakota, U.S.A., xxiv.
728; vi. 773.
YAO, or Yaou, Chinese emperor, II. 745;
v. 643.
YAOU- JIN, Chinese tribe, xvi. 224.
YAP, island, Carolines, Pacific Ocean, v.
126.
YAPOCK, marsupial mammal, xvil. 796.
YAQUI,Pico del, mountain, San Domingo,
XI. 544.
YARANSK, town, Russia, xxiv. 303.
YARDS, of ships, xxi. 153.
YARE, river, England, xvn. 536.
YARENSK, town, Russia, xxiv. 283.
YARIBA, country, West Africa, xxiv.
754-
YARKAND, or Yarkend, town, Turkestan,
xxiv. 728; xxm. 638, 639.
YARMOUTH, town, Norfolk, England,
xxiv. 728.
, town, Isle of Wight, England,
xxiv. 562.
YARN, spun fibre, xxiv. 730; cotton,
vi. 488; linen, xiv. 666; woollen,
xxiv. 658.
YAROSLAFF, early Russian prince, xxi.
89.
, prince of Suzdal, Russia, xxi. 90.
YAROSLAVL, government, Russia, xxiv.
731; town, xxiv. 732.
YARO-TSANPO, river, Tibet, xxm. 340.
YARRA, river, Victoria, Australia, xv.
835; xxiv. 216.
FLATS, plains, Victoria, Australia,
xxiv. 216.
YARRELL, William, English naturalist,
xxiv. 732; on Britisli birds, xvm.
1 8, 29, 49.
YARROW, river, Scotland, xxi. 638.
YARWHELP, bird, x. 720.
YASA, mountain, Nepal, XVIL 340.
YASHIL-KUL, lake, Central Asia, xvm.
104.
YASNA, part of Zend-Avesta, xxiv.
775-
YASSIN, state and river, Kashmir, x.
597-
YATAGHAN, hand-weapon, xxii. 800,
802.
YATUTOROVSK, town, Russia in Asia,
XXII. II.
YATVYAGS, tribe, Lithuania, xiv. 702.
YAVIPAIS, American Indians, xn. 827.
YAVORSKI, Stephen, Russian writer,
xxi. 105.
YAWNING, xx. 480.
YAWRY BAY, Sierra Leone, West Africa,
xxii. 44.
YAWS, disease, xxiv. 732.
YAYUL, district, Tibet, xxm. 340.
YAZD, town, Persia, xxiv. 733; xvm.
627, 628.
YAZDAGIRD, or Yezdegird, Era of, v.
717; xvm. 326.
YAZDEGERD I., king of Persia, xvm.
610.
II., of Persia, xvm. 611.
III., of Persia, xvm. 615.
YAZID I., caliph, xvi. 567.
— II., caliph, xvi. 575.
III., caliph, xvi. 576.
YAZIDADH, Syriac writer, xxii. 830.
YAZIJI-OGHLU, Ottoman poet and his
torian, xxm. 656.
YAZOO, river, Mississippi State, U.S.A.,
xvi. 521.
YCA, town, Peru, xii. 611; xvm. 674.
Y-CHANG, town, China, XII. 628.
YEADON, town, England, xxiv. 733.
YEAR, division of time, iv. 666; v. 712;
solar, n. 770; Sabbatical, xxi. 126.
YEARNING (Rennet), for cheese-making,
vi. 771.
476
Y E A — Y O U
YEAST, xxiv. 733; formation of, ix. 92,
94; cell division in, xii. 13; use of, in
brewing, iv. 275.
, C. Kingsley's novel, xiv. 88.
YEBNA (Jamnia), town, Palestine, Xlli.
563-
YEDO (Tokio), town, Japan, xxm. 432;
XIIL 577.
YEHUDAH HANNASI, editor of Mishnah,
xvi. 504.
YEISK, town, Russia, xxiv. 734.
YEKATERINBURG (Ekaterinburg), town,
Asiatic Russia, vn. 793; xvi. 128;
xvin. 550; xxn. 11; xxiv. 6.
YEKATERINODAR (Ekaterinodar), town,
Russia, vn. 793; xiv. 150.
YEKATERINOSLAFF (Ekaterinoslaff),
government, Russia, vii. 793; xxi. 69;
town, vn. 794.
YELETS, town, Russia, xxiv. 734.
YELIZAVETGRAD (Elizabethgrad), town,
•Russia, vin. 146.
YELIZAVETPOL (Elizabethpol), town,
Russia, vin. 146.
YELL, island, Shetland, Scotland, xvn.
846.
YELLAMALAIS, mountain range, India,
xiv. 5.
YELLOW, Pigments of, xix. 87.
YELLOWBIRD, xxn. 99.
YELLOW COLOURS, in dyeing, vn.
578.
YELLOW EARTH, or Felinite, mineral,
xvi. 425.
YELLOW FEVER, disease, xxiv. 734 ;
xvin. 403; quarantine for, XX. 156;
Rush's treatment of, XXI. 63 ; in
Buenos Ayres, 1 1. 494.
YELLOWHEAD, bird, xvin. 52.
YELLOW LEAD ORE, mineral, xvi. 697.
YELLOW PINE, tree, xix. 105.
YELLOWPLUSH PAPERS, Thackeray's,
xxm. 214.
YELLOW RIVER (Hwang-ho), China, v.
630; xvin. 117; xxm. 339.
YELLOW SEA, East Asia, xvm. 116.
YELLOWSTONE, river, Montana, U.S.A.,
xvi. 772.
LAKE, U.S.A., xxiv. 737.
NATIONAL PARK, United States,
xxiv. 736.
YELLOW-TAIL, fish, xxiv. 738.
YELLOW- WOOD, or Fustic, dyestuff, ix.
855-
YEMAMAH, province, Arabia, n. 240,
254.
YEMBO, or Yambo, town, Arabia, xxiv.
727; xx. 316.
YEMEN, country, Arabia, xxi v. 738; II.
237, 253,255; xxm. 653.
YEN BO (Yambo), town, Arabia, xxiv.
727; xx. 316.
YENIKALE, town, Russia, xiv. 52.
YENIPAZAR (Novibazar), town, Bosnia,
xvn. 608.
YENISEI, river, Siberia, xxn. 5; xxiv.
742.
YENISEIANS, people, Siberia, xxn. n.
YENISEISK, province, Siberia, xxiv.
741; town, xxiv. 743.
YENI SHEHR (Larissa), town, Greece,
xiv. 314.
YENI SHEHR, Asia Minor, capital of
Osmanli princedom, xxm. 640.
YENKING, ancient capital of China, IV.
722.
YEN-TAI (Chee-Foo), town, China, v.
455-
YEOLA, town, India, xxiv. 743.
YEOMANRY, volunteer cavalry, xxiv.
294.
YEOVIL, town, England, XXIV. 743.
YERBA BUENA (San Francisco), Cali
fornia, U.S.A., xxi. 263.
YERBA MATE, or Paraguay Tea, xv. 627;
iv. 227.
YERKALAS, people, India, xxm. 42.
YERMAK, Cossack chief, xxi. 93; xxn.
12.
YESHIL IRMAK (Iris), river, Asia Minor,
ii. 707.
YESHU BAR SHUSHAN, Syriac writer,
xxn. 848.
YESUKAI, Mongol chief, xin. 620.
YETHOLM, town, Scotland, xxi. 34.
YEW, tree, xxiv. 743; culture of, n.
316-
YEZD, or Yazd, town, Persia, xxiv. 733;
xvin. 627, 628.
YEZDEGIRD, king of Bokhara, xvin.
651, 101.
, Era of, v. 717; xvin. 326.
YEZIDIS, Kurdish tribes, Mesopotamia,
xvi. 49.
YEZO, island, Japan, xin. 569.
YlNG-Kow (Ying-tze), town, China,
xvn. 381.
YlNG-TEEN (Nanking), town, China,
xvn. 172.
YING-TZE, or Ying-tsze, town, China,
v. 641; xv. 466; xvn. 381.
YlSHAKl, Rabbenu Shelomoh, Jewish
rabbi, XX. 284.
YISSUN TIMUR KHAN, Mongol ruler,
xvi. 742.
Y-LlN (I-Chang), town, China, xn.
628.
YLO, town, Peru, xvin. 674.
YLYA, river, Russia, xxi. 74.
YNCA-HUALPA, Peruvian bird, xvm.
673.
YNCAS, Empire of the, Peru, I. 697; iv.
17; xvin. 677.
YNIRIDA, river, South America, xvn.
844.
YOGA, system of Hindu philosophy, xxi.
291.
YOGIS, Mohammedan mendicant order,
XXII. 663.
YOHANAN B. NAPHA, Talmudic writer,
xxm. 37.
YOH-CHOW Fu, town, China, xxiv.
744-
YOJOA, Lake of, Honduras, xn. 130.
YOKE-ELM, tree, xn. 168.
YOKOHAMA, town, Japan, xxiv. 744;
xin. 578.
YOKOSUKA, town, Japan, xxiv. 745.
YOLA, town, Central Africa, XXIL 279.
YOLANDE, regent of Savoy, xxi. 341.
YOLLA, town, Central Africa, I. 140.
YOLOFS, or Wolofs, Negro race, West
Africa, i. 263; xvn. 319; xxi. 662.
YOMDOK-TSO, lake, Tibet, xxm. 340.
YONATHAN (Jonathan), Targum of,
XXIII. 64.
YoNGE, Nicholas, introducer of madrigal
into England, XV. 192.
YONKERS, town, New York, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 745; xvn. 458.
YONNE, department, France, xxiv.
745-
, river, France, xvn. 495; XXI.
624.
YORIACUM (Ivry), ancient town, France,
xm. 525.
YORK, county, England, xxiv. 746;
coalfield, vi. 51.
, town, England, xxiv. 749; minster,
n. 427, 428; St Mary's Abbey, I. 14.
, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., xxiv.
752.
, town, "Western Australia, XXIV.
508.
• , Archbishop of, n. 370.
, Cape, Australia, ill. 107.
, Richard, duke of, protector of
England, xxiv. 381; as viceroy of
Ireland, xin. 261.
, House of, English dynasty, XXI v.
752; vin. 327; Xix. 175; wars with
house of Lancaster, vin. 327, 329; XI.
661; xxi. 740.
HOUSE, Twickenham, England,
xxm. 674.
ROUND, in archery, 11. 373.
YORKTOWN, U.S.A., Siege of (1781),
xxm. 745.
YORO, department, Honduras, xn. 132.
YORUBA, country, West Africa, xxiv.
754-
YOSEMITE, district, California, U.S.A.,
iv. 698.
YOUGHAL, town, Ireland, XXIV. 755.
YOUNG, Sir Allen, Arctic voyager, xix.
, Arthur, English social economist
and agriculturist, xxiv. 755.
, Brigham, Mormon president, XXIV.
756; xvi. 826.
, Charles Augustus, on the solar
corona, n. 788.
, Edward, English poet, XXIV. 756;
his place in English literature, vin.
429.
, James, his experiments on paraffin
oils, xvin. 240.
, Thomas, Puritan divine, XVI. 328;
as Milton's tutor, xvi. 324.
, Thomas, English scientist and
archaeologist, xxiv. 756; on the func-
Y O U — Z A N
tions of the blood organs, xxiv. 97;
on capillary phenomena, v. 57; on the
theory of light and colours, XIV. 606;
on the theory of tides, 1 1. 762.
YOUNG'S MODULUS, of stress and longi
tudinal strain, vn. 805; xxil. 595.
YOUNGSTOWN, town, Ohio, U.S.A.,
xxiv. 757.
YOUROUKS, people, Asia Minor, II. 712.
YOUTH, Period of, xv. 778.
YOVANOVICH, Peter, Servian poet, XXI.
691.
YPRES, town, Belgium, xxiv. 757.
YPSILANTI, voivodes of Moldavia, xxi.
20.
YRIARTE (Iriarte), Tomas de, Spanish
poet, xili. 275.
YRNERIUS (Irnerius), Italian jurist,
xin. 277.
YSABEL, island, South Pacific, XXII.
252.
YSAIE LE TRISTE, romance, XX. 648.
YsEULT, Isolde, or Isolt, in Arthurian
romance, XX. 647; x. 854; xxiv. 315.
YSSEL, river, Holland, xn. 63; xx.
519.
YTTERBIUM, Spectrum of, xxn. 376.
YTTRIUM, chemical element, xxiv. 757;
v. 543; xiv. 292; spectrum of, xxn.
376.
YTTROCERITE, mineral, xvi. 383.
YTTROILMENITE, mineral, xvi. 428.
YTTROTANTALITE, mineral, xvi. 427.
YTTROTITANITE, mineral, xvi. 426.
YTURBIDE, Augustin de, emperor of
Mexico, xni. 518; xvi. 219.
Yu, early ruler of China, v. 643.
YUCATAN, region, Central America,
xxiv. 757; antiquities of, I. 693;
architectural ruins in, II. 450.
, state, Mexico, xvi. 214.
YUCCA, plant, xxiv. 760; xn. 253;
xvii. 401.
YUECHI, ancient people, Central Asia,
xvin. 101, 592, 594, 600.
YUG, river, Russia, xxiv. 283.
YUKON, river, Alaska, North America,
I. 444; xvin. 1 1 6.
YULE, or Christmas, v. 704.
YUMAS, American Indians, XII. 827.
YUNGIA, genus of planarian worms,
XIX. 174.
YUNG-LO, Chinese emperor, xvii. 172.
YUN-HO, Grand Canal of China, v. 631.
YUN-NAN, province, China, v. 640.
YUN-NAN Fu, town, China, xxiv. 760.
YUNOS of Cairo, astronomer, xxm.
562.
YUNQUE, El, mountain, Porto Rico, xix.
532.
YUNX (misspelling of lynx), genus of
birds, XXIV. 698.
YURAKS, people, Russia, xxi. 251.
YUREZAN, town, Russia, xxm. 717.
YURIEFF (Dorpat), town, Russia, vil.
369-
POLSKIY, town, Russia, xxiv. 271.
YURUARI, territory, Venezuela, xxiv.
140.
YURUNG KUSH, town, Turkestan, xiv.
67.
YUSHAMIN, Mandaean divine spirit, xv.
468.
YUSTE, monastery, Spain, place of re
tirement of Charles V., V. 417.
YUSUF AL-KlNDI, Abu, Arabian philo
sopher, I. 578.
YUSUF B. TASHUFIN, Moorish general
in Spain, xxn. 316; I. 595; xix. 539.
YUSUFZAIS, Afghan clan, I. 235.
YUTES, people, Turkestan, xxm. 639.'
YVERDON, town, Switzerland, XVII.
361; xxiv. 115.
YVETOT, town, France, xxiv. 760.
YVON, Peter, French Labadist, XIV. 163.
YZER, river, Belgium, III. 515.
"7 the twenty-sixth letter of the
^> alphabet, xxiv. 761.
ZAANDAM, town, Holland, xxiv. 761.
ZABAD, Syria, Inscription of, XXI. 651.
ZABAIKALSKAYA OBLAST, province,
Siberia, XXIII. 509.
ZABDICENE, ancient district, Asia, Xiv.
159.
ZABIANS, or Sabians (q.v.), Oriental
sect, xxi. 128.
ZABIELIN, Russian historian, xxi. 108.
ZACATECAS, state and town, Mexico,
xxiv. 761; xvi. 214.
ZACH, Franz Xaver, Austrian astrono
mer, xxiv. 761.
ZACHARIAE VON LINGENTHAL, Karl
Salomo, German jurist, xxiv. 762.
ZACHARIAS, St, pope, xxiv. 763; xix.
495-
- RHETOR, Syriac writer, xxn.
835.
ZACYNTHUS (Zante, q.v.), island, Greece,
xxiv. 767.
ZADOKITES (Sadducees, q.v.), Jewish
sect, xxi. 142.
ZADONSK, town, Russia, xxiv. 298.
ZADONSTCHINA, Russian prose-poem,
xxi. 104.
ZAFARINES, islands, Morocco, xvi. 830.
ZAFFRE, mineral, vi. 82.
ZAGOSKIN, Russian historian, xxi. 108.
- , Russian novelist, xxi. 107.
ZAGRAB (Agram), town, Austria, I. 287;
vi. 592; xxm. 852.
ZAGREUS, of Greek legend, vn. 249.
ZAGRUS, mountain chain, Kurdistan,
xiv. 156.
ZAHIR BILLAH, caliph, xvi. 588.
ZAID, collector of the Koran, xvi. 604.
- B. ALI, pretender to the caliphate,
xvi. 575.
ZAIRE (Congo), river, Africa, xxiv. 763;
I. 254; exploration of, X. 192.
ZAISAN, Lake, Siberia, xxi. 639.
ZAITAH, or Zautha, town, Mesopotamia,
xvi. 48.
ZAKARIYA, Abu, prince of Tunis, xxm.
621.
ZAKASPIYSKAYA OBLAST, region, Russia,
xxm. 511.
ZAKATALY, town, Transcaucasia, Russia,
xxm. 514.
ZAKHURIANS, Caucasian tribe, xiv. 475.
ZAKI, Persian chief, xvin. 644.
ZAKONIK, Servian code of laws, xxi.
690.
ZAKRZEWSKI, Vincent, Polish historian,
xix. 305.
ZALESKI, Bogdan Joseph, poet of the
Ukraine, xix. 304.
ZALEUCUS, legislator of Italian Locri,
xiv. 764.
ZALUSKI, Andrew Chrysostom, Polish
writer, XIX. 302.
, Joseph Andrew, Polish writer,
XIX. 302.
ZAMA, North Africa, Battle of (202 B.C.),
XL 444; xv. 609; xx. 750; xxi. 467.
ZAMBAK, Arabian jasmine, xni. 595.
ZAMBECCARI, Count, his balloon, i. 189,
191.
ZAMBESI, or Zambeze, river, Africa,
XXIV. 765; I. 250; exploration of, by
Livingstone, I. 247; Xiv. 720; mouth
of, XVII. 7; languages of people on,
xxiv. 828.
ZAMBO, ZAMBO PRETO, Negro and In
dian half-breeds, xvii. 319.
ZAMINDARI, land tenure, India, xv. 186;
in Madras presidency, XII. 770, 803; in
North-Western Provinces, XVII. 573.
ZAMORA, province and town, Spain,
xxiv. 766.
, state, Venezuela, xxiv. 140.
ZAMORANO, Roderico, Spanish geo
grapher, xvii. 253.
ZAMR-AL-KEBIR, musical instrument,
xvii. 706.
ZAMZAM, well, at Mecca, xv. 673.
ZANAHARY, Malagasy divinity, xv. 173.
ZANCARA, river, Spain, xxn. 295.
ZANCLE (Messina), ancient town, Sicily,
xvi. 57.
ZAND-AVESTA, or Zend-Avesta (q.v.),
sacred book of Zoroastrianism, xvm.
327-
ZANDER, fish, xix. 89.
ZANDEY (Niam-Niam), people, Central
Africa, xvii. 319, 473.
ZANES, images of Zeus, at Olympia,
Greece, xvii. 769.
ZANESVILLE, town, Ohio, U.S.A., xxiv.
767-
ZANGAROMA, suburb of Nicastro,
Italy, xvii. 480.
ZANGEMEISTER AND WATTENBACH,
their specimens of Latin writing,
xvm. 152.
ZANGUEBAR (Zanzibar, q.v.), East
_Africa, xxiv. 767.
ZANJAN, town, Persia, xvin. 628.
ZANNONE, island, Pontian group, Italy,
xix. 460.
478
Z A N — Z I C
ZANTE, island, Greece, xxiv. 767; xm.
205 ; town, XXIV. 767.
ZANZALUS, Jacobus, Eastern monk,
xm. 539.
ZANZIBAR, country, East Africa, xxiv.
767; I. 270; xxii. 729; languages of,
xxiv. 828; town, xxiv. 769.
ZAPOLYA, John, voivode of Transylvania
and ruler of Hungary, in. 124; xn.
369; xxin. 522, 643.
, Sigismund, Hungarian pretender,
xxin. 643.
ZAPORNIA, genus of birds, xx. 223.
ZAPOROGIANS, division of ^Russian
Cossacks, VI. 448.
ZAPPI, Felice, Italian writer, xm. 511.
ZAPSKOVIE, suburbs of Pskoff, Russia,
xx. 36.
ZARA, town, Austria, xxiv. 769; con
quest of, by the Crusaders (1202),
VI. 629.
ZARAGOZA, or Saragossa, province,
Spain, xxiv. 769; town, xxiv. 770;
xxn. 307.
ZARAH HOLLOW, land depression,
Persia, xxn. 101.
ZARAISK, town, Russia, xxi. 116.
ZARANGIANA, Parthian kingdom, xvin.
592.
Z A RATE, Fernando de, the question of
his identity with Enriquez Gomez,
vin. 450.
ZARATHUSTRA, or Zoroaster (q.v.),
founder of Zoroastrianism, XVIII.
325-
ZARATHUSTRIANISM, or Zoroastrianism
(q.v.), Orientarreligion, XX. 360.
ZARATITE, mineral, xvi. 399.
ZARATO (Morto da Feltre), Italian
painter, IX. 69.
ZARHUN, town, Morocco, xvi. 834.
ZARIASPA, or Bactra (Balkh), town,
Afghanistan, in. 282; I. 243.
ZARLINO, GiosefFe or Giuseppe (Zarlinu.s
Clodiensis), Italian musical theorist,
xxiv. 770; xvn. 86.
ZARNI, town, Afghanistan, I. 231.
ZARTA, town, Albania, n. 639.
ZASLAVL, town, Russia, xxiv. 282.
ZAUBERFLOTE, opera by Mozart, xvn.
n.
ZAUDZI, island, Comores, Africa, vi.
220.
ZAUTHA, or Zaitah, town, Mesopotamia,
xvi. 48.
ZAVIHOST, town, Poland, xx. 218.
ZAVOLJIE, district, Russia, xvn. 501.
ZAYTON (Chinchew), town, China, v.
673-
ZAZA, Kurdish dialect, XIV. 157.
ZEA (Ceos), island, Greece, v. 343.
, genus of plants, XV. 309.
ZEAGONITE, mineral, xvi. 423.
ZEALAND, island, Denmark, xxiv. 771;
vn. 83.
, province, Holland, xxiv. 771.
ZEALOTS, Jewish sect, xm. 426.
ZEBEDEE, Sons of, apostles James and
John, xin. 552.
ZEBI, Sabbathai, leader of Jewish sect,
xin. 68 1.
ZEBRA, ungulate mammal, xxiv. 772;
xn. 175.
ZEBULON, tribe of Israel, xxiv. 772.
, Plain of, Palestine, xvin. 171.
ZEBUS, humped Indian cattle, v. 246.
ZECHARIAH, Old Testament prophet,
xxiv. 773; xin. 418.
ZEDLER, Johann Heinrich, his universal
lexicon, vin. 196.
ZEGZEG, town, Sokoto, Africa, xxn.
279.
ZEHNGERICHTENBUND, Swiss league,
XL 205.
ZEILA, town, North-East Africa, I. 271.
ZEITZ, town, Prussia, xxiv. 775.
ZEKHA-ISHO, Syriac writer, XXI I. 838.
ZELA, town, Asia Minor, xix. 459.
ZELLE (Celle), town, Prussia, xxiv. 775.
ZELLER, Eduard, on scepticism, xxi.
381.
ZEMLYANOY-GOROD, quarter of Moscow,
Russia, xvi. 858.
ZEMLYANSK, town, Russia, xxiv. 298.
ZEMSTVO, assembly, Russia, xxi. 70; of
Vyatka, xxiv. 303.
ZEN, tree, XXIII. 620.
ZEND, language of Zend-Avesta, xvin.
653; dictionaries of, vn. 190.
ZEND-AVESTA, Zoroastriaii religious
book, xxiv. 775; xvin. 327, 653; on
caste, v. 192; language of, xvin. 134;
dictionaries of language of, vn. 190;
translation of, by Anquetil du Perron,
n. 91.
ZENESQUALI, river, Caucasus, v. 253.
ZENGHI-ATA, shrine, Tashkend, Asia,
xxin. 72.
ZENI, The, their map of northern lati
tudes, xix. 316.
ZENITH, in astronomy and geography,
n. 764; x. 198.
— SECTOR, Airy's, vn. 600.
— TELESCOPE, x. 167.
ZENNOR, cromlech, Cornwall, England,
vi. 427.
ZENO, Byzantine emperor, xxiv. 778.
of Citium, Stoic philosopher, XXI I.
561.
— of Elea, Greek philosopher, xxiv.
778; vin. 2.
, Antonio, Arctic explorer, XIX.
, Antonio, Venetian admiral, xxiv.
147.
, Carlo, Venetian admiral, xxiv.
144.
, Caterino, Italian traveller, x. 179;
Venetian envoy to Persia, xvin.
633-
, Niccolo, Arctic explorer, XIX. 316.
ZENOBIA, queen of Palmyra, xiv. 864;
xvin. 201; xx. 776.
ZENTA, or Zentha, town, Hungary,
xxiv. 780; battle of (1697), vin. 660;
xxin. 646.
ZEOLITES, group of minerals, xvi. 420;
x. 228; deposits of, in Pacific Ocean,
xvin. 125.
ZEPHANIAH, Old Testament prophet,
xxiv. 780; xin. 415.
ZEPHAROVICHITE, mineral, xvi. 405.
ZEPHYRINUS, St, pope, xxiv. 781; xix.
489.
ZEPHYRUS, of Greek legend, xxiv. 781.
ZERAF, Bahr al, branch of Nile, Africa,
xvn. 506.
ZERAFSHAN, province, Russian Turke
stan, xxiv. 781.
, river, Russian Turkestan, xxiv.
781.
ZERAIM, part of Mishnah, xvi. 505.
ZERBIS, Gabriel de, on anatomy, I. 806.
ZERBST, town, Germany, xxiv. 782.
ZERGHAT, part of Chhindwara district,
India, V. 608.
ZERO, in mathematics, xin. 14.
— , as numeral, xvn. 626.
ZERUBBABEL, of Scripture, xi. 370;
xxiv. 773; temple of, at Jerusalem,
xxin. 167.
ZETA, river, Montenegro, xvi. 780.
ZETHUS, Tomb of, at Thebes, Greece,
xxin. 230.
ZEUGITANA, valley, North Africa, xxin.
619.
ZEUGLODON, genus of fossil cetaceans,
xv. 395.
ZEUGMA, town, Syria, Coins of, xvn.
649.
ZEULENRODA, town, Germany, xx.
493-
ZEUNERITE, mineral, xvi. 407.
ZEUNER'S SLIDE-VALVE, for steam-
engine, xxn. 502.
ZEUS, Greek deity (the Roman Jupiter),
xxiv. 782; xin. 779; xvn. 138, 154;
xxin. 238; myths of, xvn. 136, 154;
altar to, at Pergamum, xvin. 527;
temple of, at Athens, in. 2; temple, at
01yinpia,XVlI. 768; temple, at Selinus,
XXI. 634.
ZEUXIS, Greek painter, xxiv. 783; n.
363; xvn. 41; xvin. 321.
ZEYBEKS, people, Asia Minor, n. 712;
V.' I O2.
ZEYER, Bohemian poet, XXII. 152.
ZEZERE, river, Portugal, xxin. 21.
ZHABLIAK, town, Montenegro, xvi.
781.
ZHITOMIR, town, Russia, xxiv. 784.
ZHUKOVSKI, Vasili A., Russian poet,
xxi. 107.
ZIANI, Sebastiano, doge of Venice, XXIV.
142.
ZlBEBU, Zulu chief, XXIV. 829.
ZIBETH (Civet), carnivorous mammal,
v. 796.
ZICHY LAND, Arctic regions, its dis
covery, xix. 324.
ZlCKZACK, bird, XIX. 228.
Z I D — Z U L
479
ZIDJE SABI, Albategni's work, I. 449.
ZiEGENRUCKEN, mountain, Germany,
XX. 552.
ZIENKIEWICZ, Reginald, Polish writer,
XIX. 304.
ZIGALGA, mountain, Russia, xxiv. 4.
ZIHL, river, Switzerland, xvn. 361.
ZlJ, Persian astronomical tables, xvn.
771.
ZIKR, dervishes' chant, VII. 1 14.
ZlLlS, town, North Africa, XV. 637.
ZlLLAH, wife of Lamech of Scripture,
XIV. 238.
ZlMB, or Tsetse (q.v.), fly, xxm. 601;
vn. 256.
ZlMISCES, John I., Greek emperor, xill.
712.
ZIMME, Shan state, Burmah, XXI. 773.
ZiMMERMANN, Johann Georg, Swiss
philosopher and physician, XXIV. 784;
x. 535; XXII. 798.
, Karl, of Darmstadt, German
evangelical preacher, XI. 335.
ZIMOCCA SPONGE, xxn. 423, 428.
ZIMOROWICZ, Polish poet, xix. 301.
ZINC, metal, xxiv. 784; xvi. 382; as
chemical element, v. 526,573; cyanide
of, XX. 23; boiling point of, XX. 134;
ores of, xvi. 58; dressing of ores, XVI.
465; salts of, as poisons, xix. 278;
strength of, xxn. 603; deposits of, in
Silesia, XXII. 53; production of, XVI.
467; production in England, vill. 229;
production in United States, xxm.
817.
- WHITE, pigment, xix. 86.
ZINCITE, mineral, XVI. 385.
ZINCKE, German economist, XIX. 363.
ZINCKEN, musical instrument, XXIV.
787.
ZiNCKENlTE, mineral, XVI. 394.
ZINCOGRAPHY, xiv. 699; in map-print
ing, xxii. 715.
ZlNCOTYPES, in printing, XXIII. 704.
ZlNCZ, religious rite of Lithuanians, xiv.
701.
ZiNDEH-RuD, river, Persia, xin. 394.
ZINGARIS, or Gipsies (q.v.), x. 612.
ZlNGARO, Lo (Antonio Solario), Nea
politan painter, XXII. 249.
ZINGIBER, genus of plants, x. 603.
ZINKEN, or Zincken, musical instru
ment, xxiv. 787.
ZINN, John Godfrey, German anatomist,
I. 814.
ZINNIA, garden annual, xil. 249.
ZINNWALDITE, mineral, xvi. 413.
ZlNZENDORF, Count of, leader of the
Moravian Brethren, xxiv. 788; XVI.
812'; xxii. 368; as writer, x. 534;
hymns by, xil. 588.
ZION, hill, Jerusalem, xin. 639. See
also article Temple.
ZIPHIUS, genus of cetacean mammals,
xv. 396.
ZIRCON, mineral, x. 228; xvi. 390; as
precious stone, Xill. 532.
ZIRCONIUM, chemical element, xxiv.
789; v. 538.
ZlRlTES, Empire of the, in Tunis, XXIII.
620.
ZlSKA, John, Hussite leader, xxiv. 790;
Xil. 407.
ZITTAU, town, Saxony, xxiv. 790.
ZIYAD, brother of caliph Moawiya I.,
xvi. 566.
ZIZA, Palermo, Sicily, Catacombs of, v.
ZIZITH, Jewish prayer-fringe, xix. i.
ZIZKA, John, Hussite leader, xxiv. 790;
xil. 407.
ZIZYPHUS, genus of plants, xin. 767.
ZLATOUST, town, Russia, xxiv. 790;
xxm. 717.
ZLOTOPOL, town, Russia, xiv. 69.
ZMEINOGORSK, town, Russia in Asia,
xxn. 11; xxm. 439.
ZNAIM, or Znaym, town, Moravia, xxiv.
790.
ZOAN, ancient town, Egypt, VII. 769.
ZOANTHARIA, order of corals, VI. 369.
ZOBAAH, whirlwind of sand, Egypt, vn.
703-
ZOBAH, ancient state, Syria, xxn. 822.
ZOBAIR B. BAKKAR, Arab historian,
xxm. 3.
ZoBLlTZ, Saxony, Serpentine rock of,
xxi. 683.
ZODIAC, xxiv. 791; astrological meaning
of, II. 740; signs of, II. 771; Dupuis's
theory of signs of, VII. 550; Egyptian
zodiacs, vn. 78.
ZODIACAL LIGHT, xxiv. 796; n. 790.
ZOE, wife of Michael IV., Byzantine
emperor, XVI. 226.
ZOEA, stage in development of Crustacea,
vi. 644.
ZOELLNER'S FIGURE, in optics, vm.
827.
ZOGHAWAS, tribe, Central Africa, XXI 1 1.
334-
ZOHAIR, Arabic poet, xvi. 537.
ZOHAR, sacred book of the Kabbalah, I.
463; xni. 813.
, Midrash, xvi. 286.
ZOHARITES, Jewish sect, xin. 681.
ZoisiTE, mineral, XVI. 409.
ZOLLNER, Johann Carl Friedrich, Ger
man astronomer and physicist, XXIV.
798; his figure in optics, VIII. 827;
on the light of the moon, II. 802; on
uranometry, xvm. 841.
ZOLLVEREIN, German customs union,
x. 455, 505.
ZOLOTONOSHA, town, Russia, xix.
410.
ZOMBOR, town, Hungary, xxiv. 798.
ZONARAS, Joannes, Byzantine historian
and theologian, xxiv. 798.
ZONES, climatic, vi. 2.
, of crystals, xvi. 352.
ZOOGLCEA, in development of Schizomy-
cetes, xxi. 401, 402.
ZOOLOGICAL REGIONS, vn. 269.
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETIES, xxn. 225.
ZOOLOGY, xxiv. 799; n. 49.
ZOOPHORUS, in architecture, II. 475.
ZOOSPORES, reproductive organs in
plants, XX. 423.
ZOOXANTHELLA, genus of parasitic
Algae, xix. 852.
ZOPF, W., his researches on Schizomy-
cetes, XXI. 399.
ZORGITE, mineral, xvi. 391.
ZORILLA, Jose, Spanish poet and drama
tist, xxn. 361.
ZORNDORF, Prussia, Battle of (1758),
in. 128; xxi. 99.
ZOROASTER, founder of Zoroastrianism,
xxiv. 820; xvm. 325.
ZOROASTRIANISM, Oriental religion,
xxiv. 822; xvm. 607; xx. 360;
sacred book of, xxiv. 775; xvm. 653;
language of the sacred book, xvm.
134-
ZORRIMO, Patagonian skunk, xvm.
353-
ZORRO, Patagonian fox, xvm. 353.
ZosiMUS, or Zozimus, bishop of Rome,
xxiv. 824; xix. 491; his attitude in
the Pelagian controversy, xvm. 472.
, Greek historian, XXIV. 823.
, the Theban, his chemical dis
coveries, I. 462.
ZOSTEROPS, bird, XXIV. 824.
ZOUAVES, of French army, origin of the
name, xin. 815.
ZOUCH, Richard, English jurist, XXIV.
824.
ZOUTPANSBERG, mountains, South
Africa, xxm. 517.
ZoziMUS, or Zosimus (q.v,), bishop of
Rome, xxiv. 824.
ZRINYI, Count, defender of Cziget, Hun
gary (1566), xxm. 644.
ZSCHOKKE, Johann Heinrich Daniel,
German writer, xxiv. 824.
ZUBSTOFF, town, Russia, xxm. 672.
ZUCCARO, or Zucchero, Federigo, Italian
painter, xxiv. 825.
, Taddeo, Italian painter, xxiv.
825.
ZUCCHI, Antonio, Venetian artist, xiv.
1 6.
ZUG, canton, Switzerland, xxiv. 826;
xxii. 783; town, xxiv. 826.
, Lake of, Switzerland, XXII. 777.
ZUGUR, island, Red Sea, xx. 316.
ZULA (Zulla), town, Red Sea, Africa,
xxiv. 826.
ZULALI, Persian romance- writer, xvm.
660.
ZULLA, town, on Red Sea, Africa, xxiv.
826.
ZULPICH, Prussia, Battle of (496), x.
476.
ZULU-KAFFRES, group of people, South
Africa, xvn. 319; of the Transvaal,
xxm. 518.
ZULULAND, territory, South Africa,
xxiv. 827.
480
U L — Z Y R
ZULU LANGUAGE, xxiv. 827; diction
aries of, vii. 192.
ZULUS, race of people, South Africa,
xxiv. 828; xni. 818; myths of, XVH.
147.
ZUMALACARREGUI, Tomas, Carlist
general, Spain, xxn. 346.
ZUMBO, town, on Zambesi river, Africa,
xxiv. 765.
ZUMMARAH, musical instrument, xvn.
707.
ZUMPE, Johann, pianoforte mechanician,
XIX. 72.
ZUNDERERZ, mineral, XVI. 388.
ZUNIS, American-Indian tribe, XII. 827;
totem sacrifices among, xxni. 471.
ZUNJUN, or Zanjan, town, Persia, XVIII.
628.
ZUNZ, Leopold, Jewish writer, XIII. 682.
ZUPANS, Servian chiefs, XXI. 688.
ZUPO, Piz, mountain, North Italy, xxiv.
45-
ZURBARAN, Francisco, Spanish painter,
XXiv. 829; XXI. 440, 443.
ZURICH, or Zurich, canton, Switzerland,
xxiv. 829; xxn. 781, 783, 790;
Zwingli's Reformation movement in,
xxiv. 833.
, town, Switzerland, xxiv. 830 ;
xxn. 783; observatory at, xvn. 713;
university, xxill. 851; treaty of
(1859), IX. 625.
, Lake of, Switzerland, XIV. 220;
XXII. 777.
ZURITA, Geronimo de, Spanish historian,
XXII. 359.
ZUTPHEN, town, Guelderland, Holland,
XXIV. 831.
ZUYDERZEE, Holland, XII. 60; XVII.
563.
ZWEIBRUCKEN, town, Bavaria, vn.
134-
ZWICKAU, town, Saxony, xxiv. 831.
ZWIESELITE, mineral, xvi. 408.
ZWINGLI, Huldreich, Swiss Reformer,
xxiv. 832; xv. 81; xx. 331; xxn.
790; on the Anabaptists, in. 353; on
church order, XIX. 676.
ZWOLLE, town, Holland, xxiv. 834;
XVIII. 78.
ZYENKOFF, town, Poltava, Russia, xix.
410.
ZYGJENA, genus of sharks, xxi. 776.
ZYGOBRANCHIA, order of Mollusca, xvi.
645.
ZYGOSPORE/E, group of plants, in. 693.
ZYMOTIC DISEASES, xxiv. 834.
ZYRIANOVSK, or Zyryanovsk, town,
Russia in Asia, xxn. 11; xxni.
439-
END OF INDEX.
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
XXV. — 6 1
LIST
OF
NINTH EDITION,
WITH THE INITIALS WHICH HAVE BEEN AFFIXED TO THEIR RESPECTIVE ARTICLES.
A. H. A.
A. S. A.
C. G. A.
C. K. A.
D. A. A.
E. A. .
E. A. A.
E. S. A.
F. A. .
F. A. A.
G. A. .
G. H. A.
G. I. A.
G. J. A.
H. E. A.
H. L. A.
J.A. .
J. AN. .
J. B. A.
J. O. A.
A
A. HILLIARD ATTERIDGE, London.
Rev. A. S. AGLEN, M.A., Alyth.
Dr CLAES ANNERSTEDT, Librarian to the Univer
sity of Upsala [article UPSALA].
Rev. C. G. AMES, Philadelphia.
C. K. ADAMS, LL.D., Professor of History, Uni
versity of Michigan.
D. A. AIRD, Editor of the "Forge and
Lathe."
EDWARD ARBER, Professor of English, Mason
Science College, Birmingham.
Rev. EDWIN A. ABBOTT, D.D., author of " Cam
bridge Sermons."
Mrs ARMITAGE.
F. ARNOLD.
Sir FREDERICK A. ABEL, C.B., D.C.L., F.R.S.,
Director of the Chemical Establishment, Royal
Arsenal, Woolwich.
GRANT ALLEN.
Rev. G. H. ATKINSON, Portland, Oregon.
Prof. G. I. ASCOLI, Milan.
G. J. ALLMAN, LL.D., F.R.S., Professor of Mathe
matics, Queen's College, Galway.
H. E. ARMSTRONG, Ph.D., F.R.S., Professor of
Chemistry, London Institution.
Colonel H. L. ABBOT, U.S. Engineers.
JULES ANDRIEU.
JOSEPH ANDERSON, LL.D., Secretary, Scottish
Society of Antiquaries.
JAMES ADAM, M.A., Fellow of Emmanuel College,
Cambridge [articles SIMONIDES, &c.].
JOSEPH ATKINSON, Newark, N.J. [article
NEWARK].
J. B. ATKINSON, author of " Schools of Modern
Art in Germany."
J. 0. AFFLECK, M.D., Medical Examiner, University
of Edinburgh.
M. A. . . MATTHEW ARNOLD, LL.D., D.C.L.
O. A. . . OSMUND AIRY, Editor of the " Lauderdale
Letters."
P. P. A. . P. P. ALEXANDER (the late), St Andrews.
R. A. . . ROGER ACTON, London.
R. AD. . . ROBERT ADAMSON, LL.D., Professor of Logic,
Owens College, Manchester.
R. AL. . . Sir RUTHERFORD ALCOCK, K.C.B.
R. AN. . . R. ROWAND ANDERSON, LL.D., Architect, Edin
burgh.
R. E. ALLARDICE, Edinburgh [articles PONCELET,
ROBERVAL, &c.].
R. E. ANDERSON, London [articles MANIN, SCHOOL-
CRAFT, &c.].
S. A. . . Prof. SAMUEL AUGHEY, State Geologist, Lincoln,
Nebraska.
T. A. . . THOMAS ARNOLD, M.A., Oxford.
T. A. A. . T. A. ARCHER, Oxford.
W. DEW. A. Captain W. DEW. ABNEY, R.E., F.R.S., author of
" Instructions in Photography."
W. E. A. . WM. E. AYTOUN, D.C.L., author of " Lays of the
Scottish Cavaliers."
W. E.A.A. W. E. A. AXON, F.R.S.L., Manchester.
W. G. A. . W. G. ABBOT, Hartford, Connecticut.
W. L. A. . Rev. W. LINDSAY ALEXANDER, D.D., LL.D.
B
A. B. . . ALEX. BUCHAN, LL.D., Secretary, Meteorological
Society of Scotland.
A. B*. . . ALEX. BAIN, LL.D., author of " The Emotions and
the Will."
A. BA. . . Prof. ADOLFO BARTOLI, Florence.
A. BR. . . ALEXANDER BRUCE, M.A., M.D., Edinburgh.
Rev. ALEX. BEVERLEY, LL.D. [articles ACTA
DIURNA, ACTA SENATUS, &c.].
Prof. A. BRILL, Polytechnicum, Munich [article
MATHEMATICAL DRAWING].
A. B. B. . Miss A. B. BUCKLEY, author of "A Short History
of Natural Science."
484
A. C. B.
LIST OF
A. CRUM BROWN, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., Professor of
Chemistry, University of Edinburgh.
A. E. BATEMAN, Board of Trade, London [article
BOARD OF TRADE].
A. G. B. . Prof. A. G. BOURNE, Presidency College, Madras.
A. J. B. . A. J. BUTLER, M.A., Examiner H.M. Education
Department, London.
A. M. B. . A. M. BROADLEY, author of " Tunis, Past and
Present."
B. B. . . BENJAMIN BAKER, C.E., London.
C. B. . , Rev. CHARLES BOUTELL, author of "English
Heraldry."
C. BL. . . Miss CLEMENTINA BLACK, author of " Orlando."
C. A. B. . C. A. BUCHHEIM, Ph.D., Professor of German
Literature, King's College, London.
C. A. BR. . Rev. Prof. C. A. BRIGGS, D.D., Union Theological
Seminary, New York.
C. A. G. B. Captain C. A. G. BRIDGE, R.N.
C. B. B. . CHARLES BERTRAM BLACK, late of Santiago, Chili.
C. E. D. B. C. E. D. BLACK, Clerk for Geographical Records,
India Office, London.
C. F. B. . C. F. BASTABLE, M.A., Professor of Political
Economy, Queen's College, Galway.
C. N. B. . C. NORMAN BAZALGETTE, Barrister-at-Law,
London.
C. O. B. . Captain C. ORD BROWNE, R.A., Lecturer on
Armour Plates, Woolwich.
C. V. B. . C. V. BOYS, Science School, South Kensington.
C. W. B. . Rev. C. W. BINGHAM, M.A., Melcombe Horsey,
Dorset.
C. W. Bo. Rev. C. W. BOASE, M.A., Lecturer in Modern
History, Exeter College, Oxford.
D. B. . . Rev. DAVID BALSILLIE, M. A., late House Governor
of Donaldson's Hospital, Edinburgh.
D. BR. . Sir DIETRICH BRANDIS, K.C.I. E., Ph.D., F.R.S.
E. B. . . Sir EDMUND BECKETT, Bart., Q.C., LL.D. (Lord
Grimthorpe), author of " Clocks and Locks."
E. A. B. . E. A. BOND, LL.D., C.B., late Keeper of the British
Museum.
E. D. B. . EDWIN DAMPIER BRICKWOOD, London.
E. D. Bu. E. D. BUTLER, British Museum.
E. H. B. . Sir EDWARD H. BUNBURY, Bart., author of
" History of Ancient Geography."
E. L. B. . E. L. BURLINGAME, Scribner's Magazine, New
York.
E. W. B. . EDWARD W. BRABROOK, F.S.A., Registry of
Friendly Societies, London.
F. B. . . Prof. FEBRE BARNABEI, Director of Museum of
Antiquities, Rome.
F. E. B. . FRANCIS EVERS BEDDARD, M.A., Zoological
Gardens, London.
F. H. B. . F. H. BUTLER, M.A., Assoc. R. S. Mines, London.
F. JEFFREY BELL, B.A., Professor of Comparative
Anatomy, King's College, London [article
HEDGEHOG].
G. B. . . Sir GEORGE BIRDWOOD, M.D., c.s.i.
G. BR. . . Prof. GEORGE BRYCE, Manitoba College, Winni
peg, Canada.
GEORGE BURNETT, LL.D., Scottish Lyon King at
Arms [articles MAR, &c.].
G. D, B. . Very Rev. GEO. DAVID BOYLE, M.A., Dean of
Salisburv.
G. G. B. . Very Rev. G. GRANVILLE BRADLEY, D.D., Dean of
Westminster.
G. H. B. . G. H. BIANCHI, M.A., St Peter's College, Cam
bridge.
G. PHILLIPS BEVAN, author of " Industrial Classes
and Statistics" [articles FLANNEL, FLOWERS].
G. v. B. . G. VON BUNSEN, Berlin.
G. W. B. . GEORGE W. BALFOUR, M.D., Edinburgh.
H. B. . . H. BAUERMAN, F.G.S., author of "Metallurgy of
Iron."
H. B. B. . H. B. BRIGGS, London.
H. F. B. . H. F. BROWN, Venice.
J. B. . . JOHN BALL, M.A., F.R.S., author of "The Alpine
Guide."
J. Bi. . . Hon. JOHN BIGELOW, New York.
J. BL. . . JAMES BLYTH, M.A., Professor of Natural Philo
sophy, Anderson's College, Glasgow.
J. Bo. , . JAMES BONWICK, author of "The Lost Tasmanian
Race."
J. BR. . . JAMES BRYCE, LL.D., D.C.L., M.P., Regius Professor
of Civil Law, University of Oxford.
JAMES BURNLEY, Bradford [article BRADFORD].
J. C. B. . J. C. BUCKM ASTER, A.rt Division, South Ken
sington.
J. E. B. . J. E. BAILEY, Manchester.
J. F. B. . JOHN F. BATEMAN, F.R.S., President of the
Institution of Civil Engineers, London.
J. G. B. . J. G. BERTRAM, author of " Harvest of the Sea."
J. G. BA. . J. GILBERT BAKER, F.R.S. , Royal Herbarium,
Kew.
J. H. B. . J. HUTTON BALFOUR (the late), M.D., F.R.S., Regius
Keeper, Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.
J. H. BL. . Rev. J. H. BLUNT, D.D., author of "Dictionary of
Doctrinal and Historical Theology."
J. S. B. . J. STUART BLACKIE, LL.D., late Professor of Greek,
University of Edinburgh.
J. S. BL. . JOHN SUTHERLAND BLACK, M.A., Assistant Editor
of the Encyclopaedia Biitannica.
J. T. B. . J. T. BUNCE, F.S.S., Birmingham.
J. T. BR. . J. TAYLOR BROWN, Edinburgh.
J. T. BEALBY, B.A. [articles TALEA, &c.].
J. T. W. B. J. T. W. BACOT, Seaton, Devon.
J. Y. B. . J. Y. BUCHANAN, F.R.S., late of the "Challenger"
Expedition.
M. B. . . MONTAGUE BROWNE, author of " Practical Taxi
dermy."
M. M. 13. . M. M. BACKUS, Fur Merchant, New York.
N. B. . . Sir NATHANIEL BARNABY, K.C.B., late Director of
Naval Construction, Whitehall.
O. B. . . OSCAR BROWNING, M.A., Fellow of King's College,
Cambridge.
P. B. . . PETER BAYNE, LL.D., author of "Life and Letters
of Hugh Miller."
R. B. . . ROBERT BROWN, Ph.D., author of " Races of
Mankind."
R. BA. . . RICHARD BAGWELL, M.A., D.L., of Innislonagh,
Clonmel, Ireland.
R. H.M.B. R. H. M. BOSANQUET, Professor of Acoustics,
Royal College of Music, London.
R. M. B. . R, M. BALLANTYNE, author of "The Life
Boat."
CONTRIBUTORS.
485
R. S. B. . Sir ROBERT S. BALL, LL.D., F.R.S., Astronomer-
Royal of Ireland.
S. B. . . SAMUEL BIRCH, LL.D., D.C.L., late Keeper of
Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities, British
Museum.
S. F. B. . SPENCER F. BAIRD, LL.D., author of "Food of
Fishes of the United States."
S. H. B. . S. H. BURBURY, M.A., Barrister-at-La\v, London.
SAMUEL P. BATES [article HOOKER, Joseph].
T. B. . . THOMAS BOLAS, F.C.S., London.
THOMAS BAYNE, Helensburgh [article PHILIPS,
Ambrose and John].
T. CRAIG BROWN, author of " History of Selkirk
shire " [article SELKIRK].
T. S. B. . THOMAS SPENCER BAYNES (the late), LL.D., Pro
fessor of Logic, University of St Andrews,
and Editor of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.
U. B. . .11 Conte UGO BALZANI, Rome.
W. B. . . Rev. W. BRADEN, author of "The Beautiful
Gleaner."
W. BE. . WALTER BBS ANT.
WM. BLADES, author of " Numismata Typo-
graphica " [article GUTENBERG].
W. C. B. . W. C. BARTLETT, LL.D., San Francisco.
W. DE GREY BIRCH, British Museum [article
GRIFFIN].
W. G. BINNEY, author of "Shells of North
America" [article GOULD].
W. HARNETH BLANCH, author of " Dulwich Col
lege and Edward Alleyn" [article DUL
WICH].
W. H. BROWNE, Baltimore [article BALTIMORE].
W. H. BREWER, Sheffield Scientific School, Yale
College, New Haven, Conn, [article WHEAT,
American].
W. J. B. . Rev. W. J. BRODRIBB, M.A., Wootton Rivers
Rectory, Wilts.
W. T. B. . W. T. BRANTLY, Baltimore, Md.
C
A. C. . . ALEXANDER CRUICKSHANK, LL.D., Aberdeen.
A. C*. . . Rev. ARTHUR CARR, M.A., St Sebastian Vicarage,
Wokingham, Berks.
A. CA. . . ARTHUR CAYLEY, LL.D., F.R.S., Sadlerian Pro
fessor of Pure Mathematics, University of
Cambridge.
Rev. ANDREW CARTER, Stirling [articles KEN,
LYTE].
Miss A. CORKRAN [article HUME, Joseph].
A. B. C. . Rev. ARCH. BROWNING CONNELL, M.A., Dundee.
A. H. C. . A. H. CHURCH, F.R.S., Professor of Chemistry,
Royal Academy of Arts, London.
A. M. C. . Miss A. M. CLERKE, author of "History of
Astronomy during the iQth Century."
A. R. C. . Col. ALEX. Ross CLARKE, R.E., C.B., F.R.S.
A. S. C. . A. S. COLE, Art Division, South Kensington.
B. C. . . BENJAMIN CARRINGTON, London.
BERNARD CRACROFT (the late), member of London
Stock Exchange [article ACCOUNT].
C. C. . . CHARLES CREIGHTON, M.A., M.D., London.
C. Co. . . CHARLES COOPER, Editor of the Scotsman,
Edinburgh.
C. C. C. . Col. CHARLES CORNWALLIS CHESNEY, R.E., author
of " Waterloo Lectures."
C. G. C. . Rev. C. G. CURTIS, M.A., Chaplain to the British
Embassy, Pera.
C. H. C. . CHARLES H. COOTE, British Museum.
C. R. C. . Major CONDER, R.E., Director of Palestine Explor
ing Expedition.
D. C. . . DONALD CAMPBELL, M.D., F.S.A., Ballachulish,
Argyllshire.
D. K. C. . D. KINNEAR CLARK, C.E., London.
E. C. . . EDWARD CAIRD, LL.D., Professor of Moral Philo
sophy, University of Glasgow.
Miss E. CLERKE, London [article MATILDA].
E.H.H. C. Lieut.-Col. E. H. H. COLLEN, R.A., c.s.L, Bengal
Staff Corps.
F. C. . . Rev. F. CROMBIE, D.D., Professor of Divinity,
University of St Andrews.
F. CHAPMAN, Dunedin, N.Z. [article DUNEDIN].
F. C. H. C. Lieut.-Col. F. C. H. CLARKE, R.A., c.M.G.
F. DE C. . F. DE CHAUMONT, M.D., late Professor of Military
Hygiene, Army Medical School, Netley.
F. E. C. . FRANCIS E. COLENSO, M.A., Barrister-at-Law,
London.
F. H. C. . F. HAYNE CARTER, C.A., author of "Practical
Book-Keeping."
F. J. C. . F. J. CAMPBELL, Principal of Royal Normal Col
lege for the Blind, Upper Norwood, London.
F. M. C. . F. M. CAIRD, M.B., F.R.C.S.E., Lecturer on Sur
gery, Edinburgh.
F. W. C. . F. W. CLARK (the late), LL.D., Sheriff of Lanark
shire.
F. W. C*. FRANCIS WARRE CORNISH, M.A., Eton College.
F. W. Co. FREDERICK W. COSENS, F.S.A., London.
G. C. . . Lieut-General G. T. CHESNEY, C.B., C.S.L, c.l.E.
G. CH. . . GEO. CHRYSTAL, M.A., LL.D., Professor of Mathe
matics, University of Edinburgh.
Rev. GEO. B, CARR, Edinburgh [article BEDE].
G. G. C. . GEORGE G. CHISHOLM, M.A., B.SC., London.
G. P. C. . Maj. -General Sir GEORGE POMEROY COLLET (the
late), K. c.s.L, C.M.G.
G. T. C. . GEO. THOS. CLARK of Tal-y-garn, Glamorganshire.
G. W. C. . Rev. Sir GEORGE W. Cox, Bart., author of "A
History of Greece."
G. W. CA. GEORGE W. CABLE, author of " Old Creole Days."
H. C. . . HUGH CLEGHORN, M.D., author of "Forests and
Gardens of South India."
H. M. CHICHESTER, London [article ROY, Wm.].
J. C. . . JOHN CHIENE, M.D., Professor of Surgery, Uni
versity of Edinburgh.
J. CL. . . JOHN CLELAND, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., Professor of
Anatomy, University of Glasgow.
J. Co. . . JAMES COLLINS, London.
JAMES COLLIER, London [articles AL-FARABI, AL-
GAZALI, AL-KINDI].
J. A. C. . JOSEPH A. CROWE, C.B., author of " Painting in
Italy."
J. A. CL. . JOHN ALGERNON CLARKE, London.
J. C. C. . J. W. COMYNS CARR, author of "Essays in Art."
J. D. C. . JOHN D. CHAMPLIN, jun., New York.
Rev. JAS. FREEMAN CLARKE, D.D., Boston, Mass.
[article FLINT, Timothy].
486
J. G. C.
J. L. C.
J. M. C.
J. S. C.
J. S. Co.
J. T. C.
L. C. .
L. H. C.
M. C. .
M. CA.
M. D. C.
M. W. C.
O. P. C.
P. C. .
P. CA. .
P. L. C.
P. T. C.
R. C.
LIST OF
Rev. J. G. CAZENOVE, D.D., author of "The A
Priori Argument of God."
JOSHUA L. CHAMBERLAIN, President, Bowdoin
College, Brunswick, Maine.
Rev. JAMES M. CROMBIE, author of " Lichenes
Britannici."
Rev. J. S. CANDLISH, D.D., Professor of Divinity,
Free Church College, Glasgow.
J. S. COTTON, M.A., author of India in "Colonies
and Dependencies Series."
J. T. CUNNINGHAM, M.A., Fellow of University
College, Oxford.
LEWIS CAMPBELL, LL.D., Professor of Greek,
University of St Andrews.
The Right Hon. LEONARD H. COURTNEY, M.A., M.P.
Rev. MANDELL CREIGHTON, LL.D., D.C.L., Dixie
Professor of Ecclesiastical History, University
of Cambridge, Canon of Worcester.
Prof. MORITZ CANTOR, Ph.D., University of
Heidelberg.
MONCURE D. CONWAY, author of " The Wandering
Jew."
MORGAN W. CROFTON, D.SC., F.R.S., Fellow of the
Royal University of Ireland.
Rev. 0. PICKARD CAMBRIDGE, M.A., author of
" New and Rare Spiders."
Capt. PHILIP CARDEW, R.E., Instructor in Electri
city, School of Military Engineering, Chatham.
PETER CAMERON, author of Hymenoptera in
" Biologia Central!- Americana."
P. L. CONNELLAN, Rome.
Prof. P. T. CLEVE, University of Upsala.
RICHARD CAULFIELD, LL.D., author of " Holy
Trinity Parish, Cork."
R. CA. . . ROBERT CARRUTHERS, LL.D., author of " Life of
Alexander Pope."
R. C. C. . RICHARD C. CHRISTIE, Staines.
R. W. C. . Very Rev. RICHARD A\7M. CHURCH, M.A., D.C.L,
Dean of St Paul's, London.
REGINALD W. CORLASS [article NICHOLSON].
S. C. . . SIDNEY COLVIN, M.A., Keeper of Prints and Draw
ings, British Museum.
Miss S. D. COLLET, author of " Outlines and
Episodes of Brahmic History" [article ROY
RAMMAHUN].
S. R. CROCKER [article COLUMBIA, S.C.].
T. C. . . THOMAS CODRINGTON, C.E., Local Government
Board, Whitehall.
THOMPSON COOPER, author of " Biographical Dic
tionary " [articles CAPGRAVE,CHALLONER,&C.].
T. C. C. . T. C. CHAMBERLIN, President, State University of
Wisconsin, Madison.
T. K. C. . Rev. T. KELLY CHEYNE, D.D., Oriel Professor of
Interpretation of Scripture, Oxford.
T. K. CH. T. K. CHAMBERS, M.D., author of "A Manual of
Diet."
T. W. C. . T. W. CAMERON, Newcastle.
W. C. . . WM. CROOKES, F.R.S., President of the Chemical
Society, London.
W. CH. . WM. CHAPPELL, author of "A History of Music."
W. Cu. . Rev. WM. CUNNINGHAM, B.D., Trinity College,
Cambridge.
W.A.B. C. Rev. W. A. B. COOLIDGE, M.A., Editor of "The
Alpine Journal.
W. B. C. . WM. B. CARPENTER, M.D., C.B., LL.D., F.R.S.
W. B. C*. W. B. COOLEY, U.S. Post Office Department,
W. C. COCHRANE, Attorney, Cincinnati, 0. [article
LYNCH LAW].
W. E. C. . WM. EDMUND CROTHERS, Belfast.
W. L. C. . Rev. W. LUCAS COLLINS, M.A., Editor of "Ancient
Classics for English Readers."
W.L.R. C. W. L. R. GATES, joint author of " Encyclopedia
of Chronology."
W. P. C. . W. PRIDEAUX COURTNEY, Ecclesiastical Com
missioners, Whitehall.
W. T. C. . W. T. CHESTER, New York.
D
A. D. . . H. AUSTIN DOBSON, author of " At the Sign of
the Lyre."
A. DE. . ALEX. DEL MAR, author of " History of the
Precious Metals."
A. DENDY, B.SC., F.L.S. [article WIGHT, Isle of].
A. B. D. . Rev. A. B. DAVIDSON, D.D., LL.D., Professor of
Hebrew, New College, Edinburgh.
ALEX. P. DAVIDSON, Edinburgh [articles
GEIGER, GOTHENBURG].
C. M. DOUGHTY, author of " Travels in Arabia "
[article ONEIZA].
D. W. D. . S. WRIGHT DUNNING, New York.
EDWIN DUNKIN, F.R.S. , author of "Notices of
Astronomers" [article HANSEN].
E. S. D. . ENEAS S. DALLAS, author of " Poetics, an Essay
on Poetry."
E. S. DR. EATON S. DRONE, author of "Law of Copyright
and Playright,"
F. B. DEXTER, Professor of American History,
Yale College, Conn, [article NEW HAVEN].
F. D. . . FRANCIS DARWIN, M.A., M.B., F.R.S., author of
" The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin."
F. DE C. . F. DE CHAUMONT, M.D., late Professor of Military
Hygiene, Royal Army Medical School, Netley.
F. DR. . FREDERICK DRUMMOND, Brighton.
G. E. D. . Surgeon-Major G. E. DOBSON, F.Z.S., F.R.S., author
of " Insectivora, Systematic and Anatomical."
G. H. D. . GEO. H. DARWIN, LL.D., F.R.S., Plumian Professor
of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy,
University of Cambridge.
G. P. D. . Rev. G. PALMER DAVIES, Berlin.
H. D. . . Rev. Prof. HENRY DUUMMOND, M.A., author of
" Tropical Africa."
H. DEBY, Brussels [articles MECHLIN, OSTEND,
&c.].
Rev. H. M. DEXTER, Boston, Mass, [article
MATHER].
I. D. . . ISRAEL DAVIS, Barrister-at-Law, London.
J. D. . . JAMES DONALDSON, LL.D., Principal of St
Andrews University.
J. D*. . . JOHN DOWSON, late Professor of Hindustani,
University College, London.
J. Dt. . . JOHN DAVIS, Editor of the Tribune, Junction City,
Kansas.
J. DA. . . Rev. JAMES DAVIES (the late), M.A., Prebendary of
Hereford Cathedral.
CONTRIBUTORS.
487
J. Do. . . JOHN DORAN, Ph.D., author of " Memories of our
Great Towns."
JAMES DEWAR, M.A., F.R.S., Jacksonian Professor
of Natural Experimental Philosophy,
University of Cambridge [articles ACID,
AMMONIA, &c.].
JAMES DRENNAN, Land Valuator, Ayr.
J. D. D. . J. DALZIEL DOUGALL, author of "Shooting, its
Appliances, Practice, and Purpose."
J. E. D. . J. E. DAVIS, late Legal Adviser, Metropolitan
Police, London.
J. F. D. . Sir J. FREDERICK DiCKSON,K.C.M.G.,lateof Ceylon.
J.L.E.D. . J. L. E. DREYER, Ph.D., Astronomer, Armagh
Observatory.
J. E, DRAKE [article FOSTER, S. C.].
K. E. D. . KENELM E. DIGBY, M.A., Barrister-at-Law,
London.
M. D. . . Rev. MARCUS DODS, D.D., author of " Mohammed,
Buddha, and Christ,"
M. DELGUEURE, Brussels [article LOUVAIN].
P. E. DOVE, London [articles JUNG, KNOT].
R. K. D. . ROBERT K. DOUGLAS, Professor of Chinese, King's
College, London.
S. D. . . Rev. SAMUEL DAVIDSON, D.D., author of " In
troduction to the Old and New Testament."
S. A. D. . SAMUEL A. DRAKE, New York.
S. W. D. . S. WRIGHT DUNNING, New York.
T. D. . . THOMAS DAVIDSON, LL.D., author of "British
Fossil Brachiopoda."
T. DA. . . THOS. DAVIDSON, author of " The Philosophical
System of Rosmini."
THOS. DAVIDSON, Edinburgh [article MACNEILL].
T.W.R.D. T. W. RHYS DAVIDS, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of
Pali and Buddhist Literature, University
College, London.
VICTOR DINGELSTEDT, Tiflis [articles SHEMAKHA,
SHUSHA].
YV. D. . . WM. DITTMAR, LL.D., F.R.S., Professor of Chemis
try, Anderson's College, Glasgow.
W. DE. . Prof. WILHELM DEECKE, Ph.D., author of " Corssen
und die Sprache der Etruscer. "
WM. DURIE [articles ALFRED, &c.].
W. B. D. . W. BOYD DAWKINS, M.A., F.S.A., F.G.S., F.R.S.,
Professor of Geology, Owens College, Man
chester.
W. B. D' ALMEIDA, F.R.G.S., Barrister-at-Law,
London [articles MALACCA, MANILA].
Sir WM. FETTES DOUGLAS, LL.D., P.R.S.A. [article
GORDON, Watson].
W.T.T.D. W. T. THISELTON DYER, B.SC., C.M.G., F.R.S.,
Director, Royal Gardens, Kew.
E
A. B. E. . Miss AMELIA B. EDWARDS, author of "A Thousand
Miles up the Nile."
A. C. E. . ALEX. C. EWALD, F.S.A., Public Record Office,
London.
A. J. E. . ARTHUR J. EVANS, M.A., author of "Through
Bosnia on Foot."
A. J. E*. . ALEX. J. ELLIS, F.S.A., author of "Early English
Pronunciation."
C. B. E. . Lieut. -General CHARLES B. E\VART, R.E., c.B.
C. I. E. . CHARLES I. ELTON, B.A., Q.C., M.P., London.
DAN. GIRAUD ELLIOT, author of " Monograph of
the Felidai " [article JAGUAR].
E. E. . . Lady EASTLAKE, author of " Memoir of Sir
Charles Eastlake."
E. ED. . . EDWARD EDWARDS, author of " Libraries and
Founders of Libraries."
FRANK M. ESTING, Philadelphia, Pa. [article
GIRARD, S.].
G. E. E. . Rev. GEO. E. ELLIS, D.D., Boston, Mass.
Rev. GEO. H. EMERSON, D.D., Editor of " Chris
tian Leader," Boston, Mass, [article UNIVER-
SALISTS].
H. E. . . HERMANN ETH£, Ph.D., Professor of Oriental
Languages, University College, Aberystwith.
J. E. . . JULIUS EGGELING, Ph.D., Professor of Sanskrit,
University of Edinburgh.
J. A. E. . J. A. EWING, B.Sc., F.R.S., Professor of Engineer
ing, University College, Dundee.
Rev. ROBERT EWING, M.A., St John's College,
Oxford [article SHAIRP].
W. K. E. . Col. W. KIDSTON ELLES, C.B., Adjutant-General in
India.
F
A. F. . . A. FiiHRER, Ph.D., Allahabad.
A. C. F. . A. CAMPBELL FRASER, LL.D., D.C.L., Professor of
Logic and Metaphysics, University of Edin
burgh.
A. H. F. . Rev. A. HOLLINGWORTH FROST, M.A., Cambridge.
A. M. F. . Rev. A. M. FAIRBAIRN, D.D., Principal, Mans
field Independent College, Oxford.
A. M.-F. . A MOREL-FATIO, Ecole Nationale des Chartes,
Paris.
C. A. F. . C. ALAN FYFFE, M.A., author of " A History of
Modern Europe."
C. A. M. F. CHARLES A. M. FENNELL, Litt.D., Cambridge.
C. C. P. F. Captain C. C. PENROSE FITZGERALD, R.N.
C. L. N. F. C. LE NEVE FOSTER, D.Sc., H.M. Inspector of
Metalliferous Mines.
D. W. F. . DOUGLAS W. FRESHFIELD, M.A., author of " The
Italian Alps."
E. F. . . Right Hon. Lord Justice Sir EDWARD FRY, F.R.S.
E. A. F. . E. A. FREEMAN, LL.D., D.C.L., Regius Professor of
Modern History, University of Oxford.
F. F. . . FRANCIS FRANCIS, author of "A Book on Angling."
F. W. F. . Ven. F. W. FARRAR, D.D., F.R.S., Archdeacon
of Westminster.
G. F. . . GEORGE FERGUSON, LL.D., late Professor of
Humanity, University of St Andrews.
G. FL. . . GEORGE FLEMING, LL.D., C.B., Principal Veterinary
Surgeon, War Office, London.
G. H. F. . Rev. GEO. HAY FORBES, late of St Serf's, Burnt-
island.
H. J. E. F. H. J. E. FRASER, M.A., Advocate, Edinburgh.
H. O. F. . HENRY 0. FORBES, author of "A Naturalist's
Wanderings in the Eastern Archipelago."
J. F. . . JOHN FERGUSON, M.A., Professor of Chemistry,
University of Glasgow.
J. FR. . . Rev. JOHN FRASER (the late), University of
Chicago.
J. G. F. . J. G. FITCH, H.M. Inspector of Schools, Whitehall.
488
LIST OF
J. G. FR. . J. G. FRAZER, M.A., Fellow of Trinity College,
Cambridge.
J. R. F. . J. E. FINDLAY, author of " Personal Recollections
of De Quincey."
J. T. F. . Rev. J. T. FOWLER, M.A., Lecturer in Hebrew,
University of Durham.
J. W. F. . J. WALTER FERRIER, St Andrews.
M. F. . . MICHAEL FOSTER, M.D., F.R.S., Professor of
Physiology, University of Cambridge.
M. G. F. . Mrs MILLICENT GARRETT FAWCETT, author of
" Political Economy for Beginners."
P. F. . . PERCY FITZGERALD, author of " Romance of the
English Stage."
R. F. . . Rev. ROBERT FLIXT, D.D., LL.D., Professor of
Divinity, University of Edinburgh.
R. B. F. . Prof. R. B. FULTOX, University of Mississippi,
Oxford, Miss.
ROBERT W. FELKIN, M.D., joint author of
" Uganda and the Eastern Soudan " [articles
UGANDA, &c.].
S. F. . . Sir SAMUEL FERGUSON, LL.D., Q.C., late Deputy
Keeper of Public Records, Dublin.
T. F. . . THOMAS FOWLER, D.D., Professor of Logic,
University of Oxford.
T.G.G.F. T. G. G. FAUSSETT, Canterbury.
W. F. . . "WILLIAM FARR, M.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., C.B., late
Superintendent of Statistics, Registrar-Gen
eral's Office, London.
Rev. WM. FERGUSON, Barrow [article BARROW-IX-
FURNESS].
W. E. F. . WILLIAM E. FOSTER, Providence, R.I.
W. H. F. . WM. H. FLOWER, LL.D., F.R.S., C.B., Director
of the Natural History Departments, British
Museum.
W. W. F. . W. WYXXE FFOULKES, M.A., Chester.
G
G. . . . The Right Hon. Lord GRIMTHORPE, LL.D. (Sir
Edmund Beckett), author of " Clocks and
Locks."
A. G. . . Major ARTHUR GRIFFITHS, H.M. Inspector of
Prison?, Home Office, Whitehall.
A. G*. . . ARTHUR GAMGEE, M.D., F.R.S., Fullerian Pro
fessor of Physiology, Royal Institution of
Great Britain.
A. GA. . . ANDREW GARRAN, Editor of The Herald, Sydney,
N.S.W.
A. GE. . . ARCHIBALD GEIKIE, LL.D., F.R.S., Director-
General, Geological Survey of the United
Kingdom.
A. Gi. . . ALEXANDER GIBSON (the late), M.A., Advocate,
Edinburgh.
A. Go. . . Rev. ALEX. GORDON, M.A., Belfast.
A. GR. . . Sir ALEXANDER GRANT (the late), Bart., LL.D.,
D.C.L., Principal, University of Edinburgh.
ALBERT GRAY, Barrister-at-Law, London [article
LACCADIVES],
A. B. G. . Rev. A. B. GROSART, LL.D., author of "Life of
Michael Bruce."
A. C. G. . ALBERT C. L. G. GUNTHER, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.S.,
Keeper of the Zoological Department, British
Museum.
A.
A.
E. G.
G. G.
A. v. G.
G. .
D. G.
G.
D. Gi. .
J.W.G.
. L. G.
P. G.
W. G.
H. G.
J. G.
W. G.
G. .
B. G.
G. .
G*.
GA.
Go.
G. .
GA. .
Gi. .
Go. .
GR. .
J. Gu. .
J. E. G.
J. G. G.
J. G. G*.
T. H. G.
ANGELO DE GUBERXATIS, Professor of Sanscrit
and Comparative Literature, Reale Istituto
Supcriore, Florence [articles GIUSTI, GOL-
DONI, &c.].
A. E. GOUGH, M.A., Principal of the Madrasa,
Calcutta.
A. G. GREENHILL, M.A., Professor of Applied
Mathematics, Royal Artillery College, Wool
wich.
A. VON GUTSCHMID (the late), Professor of Ancient
History, University of Tubingen.
BARTHOLOMEW GUNSZT, London [articles PRESS-
BURG, &c.].
CHARLES GIBBON, author of "Life of George
Combe."
Rev. C. D. GINSBURG, LL.D., author of "Com
mentary on Ecclesiastes."
Sir DOUGLAS GALTON, K.C.B., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S.,
Chairman of Council, Society of Arts,
London.
DAVID GILL, LL.D., F.R.S., Astronomer-Royal,
Cape of Good Hope.
EDWIN GOADBY, York [articles LOUGHBOROUGH,
SCARBOROUGH].
E. J. W. GIBB, author of " Ottoman Poems."
EDWIN L. GODKIN, Editor of " The Nation,"
New York.
Commander EDWIN J. P. GALLWEY, R.N.
EDMUND AV. GOSSE, M.A., author of " Studies in
the Literature of Modern Europe."
FRANCIS HINDES GROOME, Edinburgh.
Major-General Sir FREDERIC J. GOLDSMID,
K. C.S.I., C.B.
Rev. F. W. GOTCH, LL.D., Bristol.
GEORGE GRUB, LL.D., Professor of Law, Aberdeen.
G. BROWN GOODE, Assistant Secretary, Smith
sonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
HUGH GODFRAY, M.A., late Fellow, St John's
College, Cambridge.
HENRY GANNETT, Geological and Geographical
Department, Washington, D.C.
HENRI GAUSSERON.
HENRY GOUDY, LL.B., Advocate, .Edinburgh.
JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S., President, Photographic
Society, London.
JAMES GAIRDNER, Public Record Office, London.
JOHN GIBSON, author of " Science Gleanings."
J. GOODALL, Dulwich.
JOSEPH GREEN, author of " The Republic of Uru
guay."
JOHN GUNN, F.R.G.S., "Challenger" Expedition
Office.
Rev. JOHN GORDON, Kenilworth [article BAXTER
Richard].
Prof. J. E. GOODRICH, University of Vermont,
Burlington, Vt.
J. GREY GLOVER, M.D., London.
J. G. GOODCHILD, Geological Survey Office,
London.
J. H. GALL£E, Ph.D., Professor of Teutonic
Languages, University of Utrecht.
Miss JULIET H. GOODWIN, Newport, K.I. [articles
AMHERST, &c.].
J. M. G. . JOHN M. GRAY, Curator, Scottish National Portrait
Gallery, Edinburgh.
J. R. G. . JOSEPH REAY GREENE, M.D., author of "Manual
of the Animal Kingdom."
J. R. G*. . J. RAYMOND GASQUET, M.B., Brighton.
J. S. S.-G. JOHN S. STUART-GLENNIE, author of " Pilgrim
Memories."
J.W. L. G. J. "\V. L. GLAISHER, D.Sc., F.R.S., President, Royal
Astronomical Society, and Lecturer in Mathe
matics, Trinity College, Cambridge.
K. G. . . K. GELDNER, Ph.D., Professor of Philology, Uni
versity of Halle.
K. E. G. . K. E. GOEBEL, Ph.D., Professor of Botany, Uni
versity of Rostock.
L. v. G. . Prof. LUDWIG VON GRAFF, Ph.D., University of
Graz, Austria.
M.J.DEG. M. J. DE GOEJE, Ph.D., Professor of Arabic,
University of Leyden.
P. G. . . PERCY GARDNER, Litt.D., Disney Professor of
Archaeology, University of Cambridge.
P. GE. . PATRICK GEDDES, Professor of Botany, University
College, Dundee.
P. L, G. . PHILIP LYTTELTON GELL, M.A., Balliol College,
Oxford.
Maj. -General Q. A. GILLMORE, U.S. Army [article
GALVESTON].
R. G. . . RICHARD GARNETT, LL.D., British Museum.
R. GR. . ROBERT GRAY, Peterhead.
R. B. G. . Rev. R, B. GIRDLKSTONE, M.A., late Secretary,
British and Foreign Bible Society.
ST. G. . . STANISLAS GUYARD, author of " Theorie Nouvelle
de la Metrique Arabe."
S. H. GAY, author of " A Popular History of the
United States" [articles OTIS, QUINCY,
Josiah].
S. R. G. . S. RAWSON GARDINER, LL.D., author of "History
of the Great Civil War."
T. G. . . THOMAS GALLOWAY, F.R.S., author of "Prob
ability."
T. Gi. . . THOMAS GILRAY, M. A., Professor of Modern History
and English Literature, University College,
Dundee.
T. GR. . THOMAS GRAY, B.SC., F.R.S.E., Glasgow.
YV. G. . . "WILLIAM GARNETT, M.A., Principal, College of
Physical Science, Newcastle.
W. Gi. . WM. GISBORNE, author of "Official Handbook of
New Zealand, 1883-84."
WILLIAM GUTHRIE, LL.D., Sheriff-Substitute of
Lanarkshire [articles ABATEMENT, &c.].
YV. D. G. WM. DUGUID GEDDES, LL.D., Principal, University
of Aberdeen.
Maj. -Gen. Sir W. H. R, GREEN, K.C.S.I., C.B.
[articles BALUCHISTAN, KHELAT, &c.].
H
H. . . . The Right Hon. Lord HOUGHTON, D.C.L., F.R.S.,
author of " Monographs, Personal and
Social."
A. H. . ABRAHAM HAYWARD, Q.C., author of " Biographi
cal and Critical Essays."
CONTRIBUTORS.
A. HA.
489
ADOLF HARNACK, D.D., Professor of Church His
tory, University of Berlin.
ALFRED HOPKINSON, M.A., Professor of Juris
prudence, Owens College, Manchester [articles
GAIUS, &c.].
A.A.YV.H. A. A. W. HUBRECHT, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of
Zoology, University of Utrecht.
A. C. H. .A. C. HARRIS, Indianapolis, Ind.
A. F. H. .A. F. HUTCHISON, M.A., Rector, High School,
Stirling.
A. J. H. . A. J. HIPKINS, F.S.A., author of " Musical Instru
ments, Historic, Rare, and Unique."
A. S. H. . Misses HORNER, author of "Walks through
Florence."
A. T. H. . Prof. A. T. HADLEY, New Haven, Conn.
A. v. H. . Baron ANATOLE VON HUGEL, Curator, Museum
of Archaeology, University of Cambridge.
A. YV. H. . ARTHUR WILLIAM HARE, M.B., Professor of Sur
gery, Owens College, Manchester.
C. A. H. . Sir CHARLES A. HARTLEY, K.C.M.G., author of
" Inland Navigations in Europe."
C. H. H. . Prof. C. H. HITCHCOCK, Dartmouth College, Han
over, N.H.
C. H. H*. CHARLES H. HART, Curator, Numismatic and
Antiquarian Society, Philadelphia.
E. H. . . Miss E. HAMILTON.
E. HA. . Rev. EDWIN HATCH, D.D., University Reader in
Ecclesiastical History, Oxford.
E. Hu. . E. HUBNER, Ph.D., Professor of Classical Philology,
University of Berlin.
E. E. H. . Rev. EDWARD E. HALE, A.M., Boston.
E. L. H. . Rev. EDWARD L. HICKS, M.A., Fenny Compton
Rectory, Leamington.
E. M. H. . E. M. HOLMES, Curator of Museum, Pharma
ceutical Society, London.
E. P. H. . E. P. HANNA, Department of the Interior, Wash
ington, D.C.
E. W. H. . E. W. HOBSON, M.A., Lecturer in Mathematics,
Christ's College, Cambridge.
E.W.H.H. E. W. H. HOLDSWORTH, author of "Deep Sea
Fishing, and Fishing Boats."
F. H. . . FRANCIS HUEFFER, Ph.D., author of " Musical
Studies."
G. H. . . Rev. GEORGE HENSLOW, M.A., author of "The
Origin of Floral Structures."
G. F. H. . GEO. F. HOOPER, late of the Admiralty Library,
Whitehall.
G. W. H. . GEO. W. HOTCHKISS, Secretary, Lumberman's
Exchange, Chicago, 111.
H. H. . . HENRI HYMANS, Conservataur, Bibliotheque
Royale, Brussels.
H. Hi. . HANS HILDEBRAND, Ph.D., Secretary, Royal
Academy of History and Archceology, Stock
holm.
H. A. H. . H. A. HUSBAND, M.B., author of "Forensic
Medicine and Medical Police."
H. C. H. . Rev. HORACE C. HOVEY, New Haven, Conn.
Rev. H. G. BONAVIA HUNT, Mus.B., Warden,
Trinity College, London [articles FLUTE,
FORKEL].
H. H. H. . Prof. HUGO H. HILDEBRANDSSON, Director, Mete-
orologiska Observatorium, Upsala.
XXV. — 62
490
H. R. H. .
J. H. . .
J. H*. . .
J. Ho. . .
LIST OF
J. A. H.
J. F. H.
J. H. H.
J. R. H.
J. R. H*.
J. W. H.
L. F.V.-H.
M. H. .
M. F. H.
M. T. H.
O. H. .
P. H. .
P. G. H.
R. H. .
R. A. H.
R. D. H.
R. T. H.
S. H. .
T. H.
T. E. H. .
T. F. H. .
T. H. H. .
T. H. H.*,
T. L. H.
W. H. .
W. HA.
Rev. H. R. HAWEIS, M.A., author of " Music and
Morals."
JOHN HUNTER, late Hon. Secretary, British Bee-
Keepers' Association.
Major JEDIDIAH HOTCHKISS, Staunton, Ya.
JOHN HOPKINSON, C.E., D.SC., F.R.S., author of
" Dynamic Electricity."
JOSEPH HODGSON, Editor, Daily Register, Mobile,
Ala. [article MOBILE].
JOHN HORNE, Geological Survey of Scotland
[article OASES].
J. A. HJALTALIN, Reykjavik, Iceland.
J. F. HUDSON, Pittsburgh, Pa.
J. H. HESSELS, M.A., author of "Haarlem, the
Birthplace of Printing."
J. RUSSELL HIND, LL.D., F.R.S., Superintendent
of the " Nautical Almanac," London.
Major J. R. HUBBARD, New York.
J. SMITH ROMANS [articles ADRIAN, ALTOONA].
J. WESLEY HALES, M.A., Professor of English
Language, King's College, London.
L. F. YERNON-HARCOURT, M.A., C.E., Professor of
Civil Engineering and Surveying, University
College, London.
Rev. M. HARVEY, St John's, Newfoundland.
M. F. HEDDLE, M.A., late Professor of Chemistry,
University of St Andrews.
Prof. M. Th. HOUTSMA, University of Leydcn.
OLAUS HENRICI, Ph.D., LL.D., F.R.S., Professor of
Mechanicsand Mathematics, London Institute.
PETER HENDERSON, Jersey City, N.J.
P. G. HAMERTON, author of " The Graphic Arts."
Rev. P. HAY HUNTER, Yester, East Lothian
[articles CLYDE, Lord, &c.].
ROBERT HEDDERWICK, Glasgow.
R. A. HILL, Royal Mint, London.
R. B. HALDANE, M.A., M.P., author of "Life of Adam
Smith" [articles HERACLITUS, LAMETTRIE].
R. DREW HICKS, M.A., Lecturer in Classics, and
Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
R. T. HILL, author of " Geological Knowledge of
Texas," U.S. Geological Survey.
SHIRLEY HIBBERD, author of " The Ivy."
THOMAS HODGKIN, LL.D., D.C.L., author of
" Italy and her Invaders."
THOMAS HUTCHISON, Kirkcaldy [article KIRK-
CALDY].
THOS. E. HOLLAND, D.C.L., Chichele Professor
of International Law and Diplomacy, Uni
versity of Oxford.
T. F. HENDERSON, London.
THOS. H. HUXLEY, M.D., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S.,
Hon. Professor of Biology, Normal School
of Science and Royal School of Mines,
London.
Major T. H. HOLDICH, R.E.
T. L. HEATH, B.A., London.
Sir WILLIAM HAMILTON, Bart., late Professor of
Logic and Metaphysics, University of Edin
burgh.
Rev. WM. HANNA, D.D., author of "Memoir of
Chalmers."
W. HE. .
\Y. Ho. .
W. A. H. .
W. A. HE.
W. B. H. .
W. E. H. .
W. E. Ho.
W. F. H. .
W. P. H. .
W. W. H.
J. K. I.
A. J. .
WALTER HEPWORTH, Art Department, South
Kensington.
WYNNARD HOOPER, M.A., London.
WILLIAM ALFRED HINDS, author of "American
Communities."
WM. A. HERDMAN, D.SC., Professor of Natural
History, University College, Liverpool.
W. B. HUNTER, M.D., Smedley's Institution,
Matlock Bath.
WM. ERNEST HENLEY, author of "A Book of
Yerses."
W. E. HOYLE, M.A., late of the "Challenger"
Expedition.
WM. FRED. HUNTER (the late), LL.B., Advocate.
W. P. HARPER, London.
Sir WILLIAM W. HUNTER, K.C.S.I., C.I.E.,
LL.D., late Director of Statistics to the
Government of India,
J. KELLS INGRAM, LL.D., Senior Lecturer, Trinity
College, Dublin.
ALEX. JOHNSTON, Professor of Jurisprudence and
Political Economy, Princeton College, N.J.
ANDREW JERVISE [articles BANFF, &c.].
B. J. . . Prof. B. JULG (the late), University of Innsbruck.
B. D. J. . B. DAYDON JACKSON, Secretary, Linnean Society,
London.
C. P. J. . C. PIERPOINT JOHNSON, Editor of Sowerby's
"Wild Flowers."
D. J. . . Most Rev. Archbishop D. JACOBINI, Rome.
E. J. . . EMIL JUNG, Ph.D., Leipsic.
E. JE. . . E. JEWILL, Torpoint, Cornwall.
F. J. . . FLEEMING JENKIN (the late), F.R.S., Professor of
Engineering, University of Edinburgh.
H. J. . . HENRY JONES (Cavendish).
H. JA. . . HENRY JACKSON, Litt.D., Fellow, and Prselector
in Ancient Philosophy, Trinity College, Cam
bridge.
H. I. J. . H. I. JENKINSON, Keswick.
J. J. . . J. JOHNSTON, Milwaukee, Wis.
J. H. J. . J. HENRY JOHNSON, Solicitor, London.
J. R. J. . J. R. JACKSON, Curator of Museum, Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew.
J. Y. J. . J. YATE JOHNSON, axithor of " Handbook to
Madeira."
K. J. . . KEITH JOHNSTON (the late), F.R.G.S.
OLIVER JOHNSON, New York, author of " Garrison,
a Sketch of his Life " [article GARRISON].
R. C. J. . RICH. CLAVERHOUSE JEBB, Litt.D., LL.D., Professor
of Greek, University of Glasgow.
W. L. J. . W. LEIGHTON JORDAN, author of "The Argentine
Republic, a Descriptive and Historical
Sketch."
W. S. J. . W. S. JEVONS, F.R.S., author of " Theory of
Political Economy."
K
A.B.W.K. A. B. W. KENNEDY, C.E., F.R.S., Professor of
Engineering in University College, London.
CONTRIBUTORS.
491
A. H. K. . A. H. KEANE, Professor of Hindustani, University
College, London.
C. K. . . CHARLES KENT, author of " Charles Dickens as a
Reader."
C. C. K. . Major C. C. KING, R.M., late Professor of Tactics,
&c., Royal Military College, Sandhurst.
C. G. K. . CARGILL G. KNOTT, D.Sc., Imperial University,
Tokio, Japan.
C. M. K. . Prof. C. M. KAN, Amsterdam.
D. K. . . DAVID KAY, F.R.G.S., author of Austria, in the
" Foreign Countries Series."
D. K*. . D. KALTBRUNNER, Paris, author of "Manuel de
Voyageur."
F. K. . . Prof. F. KJELLMAN, University of Upsala.
G. W. K. . Very Rev. GEO. WM. KITCHIN, D.D., Dean of
Winchester.
I.G.N.K.-F. Hon. ION G. N. KEITH-FALCONER (the late), M.A.,
Lord Almoner's Reader of Arabic, University
of Cambridge.
J. D. J. K. Lieutenant J. D. JERROLD KELLY, United States
Navy.
J. E. K. . Senator JOHN E. KENNA, Charleston, W. Va.
J. S. K. . J. SCOTT KELTIE, Librarian, Royal Geographical
Society, London.
K. K. . . K. KESSLER, Ph.D., University of Marburg.
M. K. . . MICHAEL KERNEY, London.
P. K. . . PHILIP KELLAND (the late), F.R.S., Professor of
Mathematics, University of Edinburgh.
P. A. K. . Prince PETR A. KROPOTKINE, late Member of the
Imperial Russian Geographical Society, St
Petersburg.
R. J. K. . 11. J. KING (the late), Crediton, Devon.
T. K. . . THOMAS KIRKUP, M.A., author of "An Inquiry
into Socialism."
W. C. K. . Prof. W. C. KERR, late State Geologist, Raleigh,
North Carolina.
W. F. K. . W. F. KIRBY, joint-author of "Introduction to
Entomology."
A. L.
A. LA
ANDREW LANG, LL.D., author of " Myths, Ritual,
and Religion."
ALFRED LARGE, Donaldson's Hospital, Edinburgh.
A. O. L. . A. C. OUGHTER LONIE, Kinghom, Fife.
A. R. L. . ALBERT R.LEEDS, Stevens Institute of Technology,
Hoboken, N.J.
C. J. L. . CHARLES JAMES LYALL, M.A., C.I.E., author of
" Sketch of the Hindustani Language."
D. J. L. . D. J. LEECH, M.D., Professor of Materia Medica,
Owens College, Manchester.
E. R. L. . EDWIN RAY LANKESTER, LL.D., F.R.S., Professor
of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy, Uni
versity College, London.
E. T. L. . E. T. LEFROY (the late), of The Freeman's Journal,
Dublin.
F. L. . . F. LIEBERMANN, Ph.D., Berlin.
F. M. L. . F. MAXWELL LYTE, F.C.S., London.
G. M. L. . GEO. M. Low, F.F.A., Manager, Edinburgh Life
Assurance Company.
G. W. L. . G. W. LATHAM (the late), of Bradwall Hal],
Cheshire.
H. L. . . HENRY LETHEBY (the late), M.B., Ph.D., Medical
Officer of Health to the City of London.
H. LA. . Rev. HENRY LATHAM, M.A., Fellow of Trinity
Hall, Cambridge.
H. LAING [article ESQUIRE].
H. CABOT LODGE, author of "Albert Gallatin"
[article GALLATIN].
H. D. L. . HENRY D. LITTLEJOHN, M.D., Lecturer in Medical
Jurisprudence, School of Medicine, Edin
burgh.
H. R. L. . Rev. HENRY R. LUARD, D.D., Fellow of Trinity
College, Cambridge.
J. L. . . Hon. JOHN LOWELL, Boston, Mass.
J. LE. . . JAMES LEGGE, LL.D., Professor of Chinese, Uni
versity of Oxford.
JOHN LOMAS, author of " Sketches in Spain from
Nature, Art, and Life " [articles SEGOVIA, &c.].
J. A. LANGFORD, Birmingham [art. STAFFORD, &c.].
JOSEPH H. LAMPREY, London [articles APENNINES,
BADAKHSHAN].
J. J. L. . JOHN J. LAKE, Birmingham.
J, K. L. . JOHN K. LAUGHTON, M.A., R.N., Lecturer in Naval
History, Royal Naval College, Greenwich.
J. K. L*. . Prof. J. K. LORD, Dartmouth College, Hanover,
New Hampshire.
J. N. L. . J. NORMAN LOCKYER, F.R.S., author of " Chemistry
of the Sun."
J. P. L. . Prof. J. PETER LESLEY, State Geologist, Phila
delphia.
J. P. N. L. Prof. J. P. N. LAND, University of Leyden.
J. R. L. . Rev. J. RAWSON LUMBY, D.D., Norrisian Professor
of Divinity, University of Cambridge.
Rev. P. LANDRETH, author of "Studies and
Sketches in Modern Literature " [article GIL-
FILLAN].
P. A. L. . Rev. PONSONBY A. LYONS, London.
P. S. L. . P. R. SCOTT LANG, M.A., B.SC., Professor of Mathe
matics, University of St Andrews.
R. L. . . RICHARD LODGE, M.A., Tutor and Librarian, and
Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford.
R. F. L. . Rev. R. F. LITTLEDALE, LL.D., D.C.L., London.
R. S. L. . R. STUART LANE, Japanese Legation, London.
T. L. . . Surgeon-General Sir THOMAS LONGMORE, C.B.,
Professor of Clinical and Military Surgery,
Army Medical School, Netley.
T. DE L. . A. TERRIEN DE LACOUPERIE, Professor of Indo-
Chinese Philology, University College,
London.
T. H. L. . T. HAYTER LEWIS, late Professor of Architecture,
University College, London.
T. H. Li. . THOS. HENRY LISTER, author of " The Life of
Edward, First Earl of Clarendon."
T. M. L. . Rev. T. M. LINDSAY, D.D., Professor of Divinity
and Church History, Free Church College,
Glasgow.
Rev. W. LOCKHART, Procuratore Generale dei
Rosminiani, Rome.
M
Al. . . . The Right Hon. Lord MACAULAY.
A. M. . . ARTHUR MAW, Trowbridge, Salop.
A. M*. . Rev. ALLAN MENZIES, B.D., Abernyte, Perthshire.
A. MA. . ALEX. MACALISTER, M.D., F.R.S., Professor of
Anatomy, University of Cambridge.
492
LIST OF
A. M'D. .A. MAC-DONALD, London.
A. M.-F. . ALFRED MOREL-FATIO, Secretaire d'Ecole
Rationale des Chartes, Paris.
A. Mu. . Prof. A. MULLER, University of Konigsberg.
A. A. M. . ARTHUR A. MACDONELL, M.A., Pii.D., Oxford.
A. B. M. . ALEX. B. MACDOWALL, London.
A. B. M'G. A. B. M'GRIGOR, LL.D., Glasgow.
A. D. M. . ALBERT D. MICHAEL, F.Z.S., F.R.M.S., London.
A. S. M. . ALEX. STUART MURRAY, LL.D., British Museum.
A.W.K.M. A. W. K. MILLER, British Museum.
JE. M. . JE-$E\s J. G. MACKAY, LL.D., Sheriff of Fife.
C. M. . . Very Rev. CHARLES MERIVALE, D.D., D.C.L., Dean
of Ely.
C. MA. . CHARLES MAUNOIR, Secretaire, Societe do
Geographic de Paris.
C. C. M. . C. C. MAXWELL, author of " History of Dundee."
C. G. M'C. Rev. CHARLES G. H'CniE, Ayr.
C. N. B. HUSTON, Edinburgh [articles CANTER
BURY, N.Z., &c.].
C. R. M. . CLEMENTS R. MARKHAM, C.B., F.R.S., Secretary,
Royal Geographical Society, London.
D. M. . . Rev. D. MEIKLEJOHN, Lochgoilhead.
U. MA. . DAVID MASSON, LL.D., Professor of English
Literature, University of Edinburgh.
D. B. M. . DAVID BINNING MONRO, M.A., Provost of Oriel
College, Oxford.
D. H. M. . D. H. MULLER, Professor of Semitic Languages,
University of Vienna.
D.H.M'A. D. H. M'ADAM, St Louis, Mo.
E. M. . . Maj. -Gen. EARDLEYMAITLAND, R.A.jC.B., Director-
General, Ordnance Factories, Woolwich.
E. MARZIALS, London [article JASMIN].
F. M. . . Miss FLORA MASSON, Edinburgh.
F. M*. . FALCONER MADAN, M.A., Sub-librarian, Bodleian
Library, Oxford.
F. MA. . FREDERICK MARTIN (the late), Editor of the
" Statesman's Year Book."
F. Mu. . FINDLAY MUIRHEAD, M.A., late of Leipsic.
F. M. M. . FRIEDRICH MAX MULLER, LL.D., Corpus Pro
fessor of Comparative Philology, University
of Oxford.
G. M. . . GEO. MAW, Benthall Hall, Broseley, Salop.
G. M'A. . Rev. GEORGE M'ARTHUR, M.A., Sub-editor of the
Encyclopaedia Britannica.
G. ME. . GASTON MEISSAS, Paris.
G. Mu. . GEORGE R. MILNE MURRAY, British Museum.
G. A. M. . Sir GEORGE A. MACFARREN (the late), Mus. Doc.,
Professor of Music, University of Cambridge.
G. B. M'C. Maj.-Gen. GEO. B. M'CLELLAN, U.S. Army.
G. F. M. . Rev. GEORGE F. MACLEAR, D.D., Warden of St
Augustine College, Canterbury.
H. M. . . HUGH MILLER, Geological Survey of Scotland,
Edinburgh.
HUGH M'ALL, Lisburn, Co. Antrim [article BEL
FAST].
H. Mo. . Prof. H. MOHN, Meteorological Institute,
Christiania.
H. A. M. . Captain HENRY AUGUSTUS MORIARTY, R.N., C.B.
H. J. M. . H. J. MATTHEWS, Brighton.
H. N. M. . H. N. MOSELEY, LL.D., F.R.S., Professor of
Anatomy, University of Oxford.
H. R. M. . HENRY R. MILL, D.Sc., author of "Elementary
Commercial Geography."
J. M. . . JOHN MACPHERSON, M.D., author of "The Baths
and AVells of Europe."
J. M*. . . JAMES MUIRHEAD, LL.D., Professor of Civil Law,
University of Edinburgh.
J. Mt. . . JOHN MACDONELL, Barrister-at-Law, London.
J. MA. . . JOHN MACDONALD, London.
J. MA*. . JULIAN MARSHALL, author of "Annals of Tennis."
J. M'D. . JAMES MACDONALD, LL.D., Glasgow.
J. M'G. . JAMES MACGREGOR, author of "The Rob Roy on
the Jordan."
JAMES MACAULAY, M.D., Editor, Leisure Hour,
London [article TRACT SOCIETIES].
J. ME. . . JOSEPH MEDILL, Chicago, 111.
J. Mo. . . The Right Hon. JOHN MORLEY, LL.D., M.P.
J. Mu. . . JOHN MURRAY, Ph.D., LL.D., Director of the
"Challenger"Expedition Office, Edinburgh.
J. MASSON, Dundee [article BABRIUS].
J.A.H. M. J. A. H. MURRAY, LL.D., D.C.L., Editor of "A
New English Dictionary on Historical Prin
ciples."
J. B. M. . J. BASS MULLINGER, M.A., Librarian, St John's
College, Cambridge.
J. C. M. . J. CLERK MAXWELL (the late), D.C.L., F.R.S.,
Professor of Experimental Physics, Univer
sity of Cambridge.
J. C. Mo.. J. COTTER MORISON, M.A., author of "The Life
and Times of St Bernard."
J. F. M. . J. F. MUIRHEAD, late of Leipsic.
J. F. M*. . Colonel J. F. MAURICE, R.A., Professor of
Military Art and History, Staff College,
Farnborough.
J. F. M'L. JOHN F. M'LENNAN, LL.F,., Advocate, Edinburgh.
J. G. M. . J. G. M'KENDRICK, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., Professor
of the Institutes of Medicine, University of
Glasgow.
J. H. M. . J. HENRY MIDDLETON, F.S.A., Slade Professor of
Fine Art, University of Cambridge.
J. M. M'C. JOHN M. M'CANDLISH, Manager and Actuary,
Scottish Union and National Insurance Com
pany, Edinburgh.
JOHN M. D. MEIKLEJOHN, M.A., Professor of
Education, University of St Andrews [article
MANN].
J. S. M. . JOHN S. MACKAY, LL.D., Mathematical Master,
Edinburgh Academy.
J. T. M. . J. THEODORE MERZ, author of Leibniz, in " Philo
sophical Classics for English Readers."
L. A. M. . LEONARD A. MONTEFIORE (the late), B.A., London.
M. M'M. . General Sir WILLIAM M. S. M'MURDO, K.C.I;.
M. T. M. . MAXWELL T. MASTERS, M.D., F.L.S., F.R.S., London.
O. M. . . ORME MASSON, M.A., D.Sc., Professor of Chemistry,
University of Melbourne.
P. M. . . PAUL MEYER, Professor of the Languages and
Literature of Southern Europe, College de
France, Paris.
P. M*. . . Sir PHILIP MAGNUS, Organizing Director, Cen
tral Institution of the City and Guilds of
London Institute.
P. W. STUART MENTEATH, Paris [articles ANDORRE,
BASQUE PROVINCES"!.
R. M'K.
R. M'L.
R. M'L*.
R. ME.
R. Mu.
R. Mu*.
R. C. M.
ST G. M.
T. M. . .
T. MA. .
T. M'C. .
T. M'L. .
T. Mo. .
T. Mu . .
T. E. M. .
V. M. . .
W. M. . .
W. M*. .
W. M'D. ,
W. Mi. ,
W. Mo. ,
W. C. M.
W. O. M.
W. R. M. ,
W.R.M'N
A. N. . ,
A. NE. .
C 0 N T R I
Rev. ROBERT MOFFAT, D.D., author of " History of
Missionary Labours in South Africa."
ROBERT MACKAY, Architect, Perth.
ROBERT M'LACHLAN, F.R.S., author of "A Synopsis
of the Trichoptera of the European Fauna."
General ROBERT M'LAGAN, R.E.
RAPHAEL MELDOLA, F.R.S., Professor of Applied
Chemistry, Finsbury Technical College,
London.
ROBERT MUNRO, M.A., M.D., Kilmarnock.
Rev. ROBERT MUNRO, M.A., B.D., F.S.A.S., Old
Kilpatrick, Dumbartonshire.
R. C. MENZIES, Iiiveresk Paper Mills, Mussel-
burgh.
R. H. MAJOR, late Secretary, Royal Geographical
Society [article HENRY the Navigator].
R. W. Micou, Waterbury, Conn, [article WATER-
BURY].
St GEORGE MIVART, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.S., author of
" Lessons from Nature as manifested in Mind
and Matter."
THOMAS MORLEY, M.I.N.A., London.
Sir THEODORE MARTIN, K.C.B.
T. R, H. M'CLATCHIE, Yokohama, Japan.
Rev. THOMAS M'LAUCHLAN, D.D., author of
" The Early Scottish Church."
THOMAS MOORE, F.L.S., late Curator, Royal
Botanic Garden, Chelsea,
THOMAS MUIR, LL.D., Mathematical Master, High
School, Glasgow.
Right Hon. Sir THOMAS ERSK.INE MAY (the late),
K.C.B., D.C.L. (Lord Farnborough), Clerk of
the House of Commons, Westminster.
VICTOR MAHILLON, Conservateur de Musee, Con
servatoire Royal de Musique, Brussels.
WILT.IAM MIXTO, M.A., Professor of English
Language, University of Aberdeen.
W. MOORE, Principal Surveyor for Tonnage, Board
of Trade, London.
WILLIAM M'DOWALL, author of "Chronicles of
Lincluden."
WILLIAM MELVEN, Billhead, Glasgow [article
RENFREW].
Rev. WM. MILLIGAN, D.D., Professor of Divinity
and Biblical Criticism, University of Aber
deen.
WILLIAM MORRIS, author of " Decorative Arts and
Modern Life and Progress."
WM. C. M'INTOSH, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., Professor of
Natural History, University of St Andrews.
WILLIAM O'CONNOR MORRIS, Tullamore, King's
County, Ireland.
W. R. MORFILL, M.A., author of " Slavonic Litera
ture."
W. R, M'NAB, M.D., Professor of Botany, Royal
College of Science, Dublin.
ALFRED NEWTON, F.R.S., Professor of Zoology and
Comparative Anatomy, University of Cam
bridge.
ALEXANDER NESBITT, F.S.A., author of "South
Kensington Handbook on Glass."
BUT
A. Nl. . .
A. No. . .
A. V. N.
0 R S.
493
C. B. N.
C. H. N.
E. N. .
E. B. N.
E. T. N.
H. N. .
H. A. N.
H. A. N*
H. J. N. ,
J. N.
J. Ni. .
J. F. N.
J. G. N.
J. S. N.
J. S. N*
J. S. Nt.
T. N. .
TH. N.
W. J. N.
A. v. O.
C. O'N.
E.G. .
E. O'M.
E. C. O.
ALEX. NICOLBON, LL.D., Advocate, Sheriff-Sub
stitute of Renfrewshire.
ADOLF NOREEN, Ph.D., University of Upsala.
A. B. NETTLETON, Minneapolis, Min. [article ST
PAUL, Mix.].
A. V. NEWTON, late of tlie Office for Patents,
London.
CHARLES NISBET, London [articles SCUTARI, &c.].
C. B. NORMAN, author of " Colonial France."
Col. Sir CHARLES B. P. N. H. NUGENT, R.E.,
K.C.B.
Prof. ERNEST NYS, University of Brussels.
E. W. B. NICHOLSON, M.A., Librarian of the
Bodleian Library, Oxford.
E. T. NEWTON, Palaeontologist, Geological Survey
of the United Kingdom, London.
HENRY NICOL (the late), London.
H. ALLEYNE NICHOLSON, M.D., D.SC., Professor
of Natural History, University of Aberdeen.
HUBERT A. NEWTON, Professor of Mathematics,
Yale College, New Haven, Conn.
H. J. NEWMAN, Editor, Ridley's Wine and Spirit
Trade Circular, London.
JOHN NICHOL, LL.D., Professor of English Lan
guage and Literature, University of Glasgow.
JAMES NICOL, author of "Elements of Miner
alogy."
J. FR. NYSTROM, Ph.D., University of Upsala.
Col. J. G. NICOLAY, author of " Life of Abraham
Lincoln."
Rev. JAS. SPENCER NORTHCOTE, D.D., joint author
of " Roma Sotteranea."
Prof. J. S. NEWBERRY, Columbia College School
of Mines, New York.
Jos. SHIELD NICHOLSON, D.SC., Professor of Politi
cal Economy, University of Edinburgh.
J. T. NAAKE, British Museum [articles GOGOL, &c.].
SIMON NEWCOMB, F.R.S., Superintendent of the
U.S. Nautical Almanack, Washington, D.C.
THOMAS NICHOLS, British Museum.
Prof. THEODOR NOLDEKE, University of Strassburg.
JOHN NOBLE, Clerk to the Legislative Assembly,
Cape of Good Hope.
WM. JAMES NOBLE, Barrister-at-Law, London
[article GLAUBER].
0
A. VON ORELLI, Ph.D., Professor of the Institutes
of Jurisprudence, University of Zurich.
CHARLES O'NEILL, author of "Chemistry of
Calico Printing."
EDWARD ORTON, LL.D., State Geologist and Pro
fessor of Geology, University of Ohio, Colum
bus, 0.
Rev. EUGENE H. O'MEARA, A.B., Newcastle Lyons
Rectory, Co. Dublin.
EDMUND OLLIER, London [articles ALSACE, &c.].
Miss ELISE C. OTT£, Translator of Humboldt's
" Cosmos."
Rev. G. J. OUSELEY, late of Catholic Apostolic
Church, Edinburgh [article CATHOLIC APOS
TOLIC CHURCH].
J. D. A. O'CONNOR, Chicago [articles GALENA, &c.j.
494
J. C. O'D.
LIST OF
J. L. O. .
O. A. 6. .
R. O. . .
C. P. . .
C. PA. . .
C. H. P. .
C. K. P. .
C. S. P. .
D. P. . .
E. F. S. P.
E. H. P. ,
E.J.P.
E.J.P*.
E. S. P.
F. P. .
F. Po. .
F. A. P.
F. B. P.
F. Y. P.
JAS. CORNELIUS O'DowD, C.B., Deputy Advocate-
General, War Office, London.
Kev. Canon OVERTON, M.A., Epworth Rectory,
Lincolnshire [article LAW, Wm.].
J. L. OHLSON, late Secretary, West India Com
mittee, London.
0. ANDREAS OVERLAND, Assistant Keeper, Rigsar-
chiv, Christiania.
Sir RICHARD OWEN, K.C.B., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S.
Rev. CHARLES PRITCHARD, D.D., Savilian Professor
of Astronomy, University of Oxford.
Cav. CESARE PAOLI, Professor of Palseograpliy
and Diplomatics, Reale Istituto Superiore,
Florence.
CHARLES H. PIESSE, F.I.C., M.R.C.S., Public
Analyst, Fulham District, London.
C. KEGAN PAUL, M.A., author of "William
Godwin."
CHARLES STUART PARKER, M.A., M.P., London.
DAVID PATRICK, M. A., Editor of "Chambers's Ency
clopaedia."
D. R, PEACOCK, British Vice-Consul, Batoum,
Caucasus [article KUBAN].
Mrs PATTISON (Lady Dilke), author of " Renais
sance of Art in France."
E. H. PALMER, M.A., author of " Grammar of the
Arabic Language."
EDWARD JAMES PAYNE, Barrister-at-Law, Lincoln's
Inn, London.
E. S. POOLE, London.
FRANK PARISH, London.
FREDERICK POLLOCK, LL.D., Corpus Professor of
Jurisprudence, University of Oxford.
F. A. PALEY, LL.D., Editor of dEschylus, " Biblio-
theca Classica," and Euripides and Sophocles,
" Cambridge Greek and Latin Texts."
Mrs PALLISER, author of " A History of Lace."
F. YORK POWELL, M.A., author of " Scandinavian
Britain."
G. F. P. . G. F. PARDON (Capt. Crawley), author of " Bil
liards : its Theory and Practice."
G. G. P. . Rev. Canon PERRY, M.A., author of " The History
of the Church of England."
G. H. P. . Prof. G. II. PERKINS, University of Vermont,
Burlington, Vt.
G. W. P. . G. W. PROTHERO, M.A., Senior Tutor, and Lecturer
in History, King's College, Cambridge.
H. F. P. . H. F. PELHAM, M.A., Fellow of Exeter College,
and University Reader in Ancient History,
Oxford.
H. R. P. . HENRY R. PROCTER, author of Paper on " Period
icity," in Philosophical Mayazine.
J. P. . . JOHN PEILE, Litt.D., Master of Christ's College,
Cambridge.
J. PA. . . JAMES PATON, Curator, Corporation Galleries of
Art, Glasgow.
Rev. Canon PUCKLE, M.A., St Mary's Vicarage,
Dover [article DOVER].
JAMES PURVES, s.s.c., Edinburgh [articles BRUCE,
Michael, &c.].
J. A. P. . Sir J. A. PICTON, author of " Memorials of Liver
pool."
J. A. P. jr. J. ALLANSON PICTON, M.P., author of "Life of
Oliver Cromwell."
J. A. PL. . J. A. PLATT, B.A., London.
J. B. P. . Prof. J. BELL PETTIGREW, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S. ,
author of " Modes of Flight in relation to
Aeronautics."
J. B. PR. . Hon. J. BRADFORD PRINCK, Santa Fe, New
Mexico.
J. E. P. . Maj.-Gen. J. E. PORTLOCK (the late), R.E., Member
of the Council on Military Education, White
hall.
J. F. P. . JOSEPH F. PAYNE, B.A., M.D., Lecturer on Patho
logical Anatomy, St Thomas's Hospital,
London.
J. G. P. . J. G. PYLE, St Paul, Minnesota.
J. H. P. . J. H. POLLEN, author of "Furniture and Wood
work."
J. L. P. . Rev. J. L. PORTER, D.D., LL.D., author of "Five
Years in Damascus."
J. P. P. . J. PERCIVAL POSTGATE, Litt.D., Professor of
Comparative Philology, University College,
London.
J. R. P. . JOHN R. PROCTER, Geological Survey, Frankfort,
Kentucky.
J. ROWLAND PHILLIPS, author of " The Civil
Wars in Wales and the Marches " [article
GLENDOWER].
J. T. P. . J. T. PLATTS, author of "A Hindustani
Dictionary."
L. O. P. . LUKE OWEN PIKE, M.A., author of " History of
Crime in England."
M. P. . . Rev. MARK PATTISON, B.D., author of " Isaac
Casaubon 1559-1614, a Biography/'
P. H. P.-S. PHILIP H. PYE-SMITH, M.D., F.R.S., Physician,
Guy's Hospital, London.
R. P. . . REINHOLD PAULI (the late), LL.D., University of
Gottingen.
R. A. P. . R. A. PROCTOR, B.A., author of " Saturn and its
System."
R. A. P*. . Gen. ROGER A. PRYOR, late Confederate Army.
R. L. P. . R. LANE POOLE, M.A., Ph.D., Lecturer in Modern
History, Jesus College, Oxford.
R. S. P. . REGINALD STUART POOLK, LL.D., Keeper of
Ihe Coins and Medals Department, British
Museum.
Lieut.-Col. SISSON COOPER PRATT, R.A., Professor
of Military History, Royal Military Academy,
Woolwich [articles BATTERY, &c.].
S. F. P. . Prof. S. F. PECKHAM, M.A., late U.S. Census
Commissioner.
S. H. P. . S. HOLMES PEGLER, author of " Advantages of
Goat Keeping."
S. I. P. . Rev. S. IRENA;US PRIME, D.D., author of " Life
of Morse."
S. L. P. . STANLEY LANE POOLE, B.A., author of "Art of
the Saracens."
W. P. . . WYATT PAPWORTH, Architect, London.
W. G. P. . WILLIAM GIFFORD PALGRAVE, B.A., author of "A
Year's Journey through Central and Eastern
Arabia."
W. H. P. . WALTER II. POLLOCK, M.A., London.
C O N T R I
W. K. P. . WM. KITCHEN PARKER, F.R.S., author of " On
Mammalian Descent,"
W. M. F. P. W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE, author of " Inductive
Metrology."
W. N. P. . W. NORWOOD POTTER, late Editor of the City of
London Chess Magazine.
W. T. PRICE, Louisville, Kentucky [article
LOUISVILLE],
Q
R. H. Q. . Rev. ROBERT H. QUICK, M.A., author of "Essays
on Educational Reformers."
R
R. . , . The Right Hon. Lord RATLEIGH, LL.D., D.C.L.,
F.R.S., Professor of Natural Philosophy, Royal
Institution, London.
ALEXANDER RAMSAY, London [articles ANDES,
&c.].
A. A. R. . A. ADAMS-REILLY, joint author of "Forbes's
Life and Letters."
A. P. R. . General A. P. ROCKWELL, Boston, Mass.
A. W. R. . ALEX. WOOD RENTON, M.A., LL.B., Barrister-at-
Law, London.
C. J. R. . Rev. CHAS. JOHN ROBINSON, M.A., West Hackney
Rectory, London.
CHARLES J. G. RAMPINI, Advocate, Sheriff-
Substitute of Elgin, formerly of Shetland
[article ORKNEY AND SHETLAND].
Rev. DAVID RUSSELL, Dunfermline [article DUN-
FERMLINE].
D. C. R. . D. CONSTABLE ROBB, B.A., late of the University
Museum, Oxford.
E. R. . . EDMUND ROBERTSON, LL.D., M.P., Barrister-at-Law,
late Professor of Roman Law, University
College, London.
E. RE. . ELIE RECLUS, author of " Les Primitifs, etudes d'
ethnologic eomparee."
EDWIN RANSOM, Bedford [article BEDFORDSHIRE].
Miss EMILY READ [article DELAWARE].
E. C. R. . EDWARD CALDWELL RYE, author of "British
Beetles ; an introduction to the study of our
Indigenous Coleoptera."
E. D. R. . Col. E. DELME" RADCLIFFE, author of "Falconidse
in India."
E. S. R. . ERIC S. ROBERTSON, Professor of English Litera
ture, University of the Punjaub, Lahore.
E. T. ROWELL, Lowell, Mass, [article LOWELL].
F. R. . . FRANK RUTLEY, F.G.S., Examiner, Science Depart
ment, South Kensington.
F. S. R. . Col. FRANCIS SHIRLEY RUSSELL, late ist Royal
Dragoons.
F. W. R. . FRANCIS W. ROWSELL (the late), C.B.,c.M.G., Super
intendent of Naval Contracts, Admiralty,
Whitehall.
F. W. R*. F. W. RUDLER, Curator, Museum of Practical
Geology, Jermyn Street, London.
G. R. . . Rev. Canon RAWLINSON, M. A., Professor of Ancient
History, University of Oxford.
G. RE. . GEORGE REID, R.S.A., Edinburgh.
Captain GEORGE ROLAND (the late), Edinburgh.
B IT T O R S. 49,5
G. C. R. . GEO. GROOM ROBERTSON, M.A., Grote Professor of
Philosophy of Mind and Logic, University
College, London.
G. F. R. . G. F. RODWELL, F.R.A.S., F.C.S., author of A
Dictionary of Science, " Haydn Series."
G. J. R. . GEO. JOHN ROMANES, LL.D., F.R.S., author
of " Mental Evolution in Animals."
H. R. . . HENRY REEVE, C.B., D.C.L., late Registrar, H.M.
Privy Council, Whitehall.
H. R*. . . HERBERT Rix, B.A., Assistant Secretary and
Librarian, Royal Society, London.
H. RA. . HALVOR RASCH, late Professor of Zoology, Chris-
tiania.
H. Ri. . . HENRY RICHARD, author of " Memoirs of Joseph
Sturge."
H. Ro. . HENRY ROGERS, author of "The Eclipse of
Faith."
H. A. R. . Prof. H. A. ROWLAND, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Md.
H. C. R. . Maj.-Gen. Sir HENRY C. RAWLINSON, K.C.B.,
LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S.
H. J. R. . HENRY JOHN ROBY, M.A., author of " Grammar
of the Latin Language from Plautus to
Suetonius."
J. R. . . JOHN RAE, M.A., author of "Contemporary
Socialism."
JAMES RITCHIE, M.B., F.R.C.S.E., Edinburgh [article
DIURETICS].
Rev. JOHN ROBERTSON, Burton-on-Trent [article
BURTON-ON-TRENT].
JOHN RUSSELL, Galashiels [article GALASHIELS].
J. M. RUSSELL, Maidstone, Kent [article MAID-
STONE].
J. B. R. . J. B. RUNNION, Chicago, Illinois.
J. E. T. R. J. E. THOROLD ROGERS, M.A., Professor of
Political Economy, University of Oxford.
J. H. R. . Sir JAMES HENRY RAMSAY, Bart., M.A., of Bamff.
J. H. Ri. . Rev. J. H. RIGG, D.D., author of " Churchmanship
of John Wesley."
J. M. R. . JOHN M. Ross, LL.D., Editor of " The Globe
Encyclopaedia."
J. S. R. . JAMES S. REID, Litt.D., Lecturer in Classics and
Fellow of Caius College, Cambridge.
LUINI RICCI, London [articles LESUEUR, LULLY].
Prof. N. RENARD, Brussels [article LIMBURG,
Belgian].
R. R. . . REINHOLD ROST, Ph.D., LL.D., Librarian, India
Office, London.
S. R. . . Prof. SOPHUS RUGE, Ph.D., author of " Geschichte
des Zeitalters der Entdeckungen."
S. H. R. . Rev. S. HARVEY REYNOLDS, M.A., Vicar of East
Ham, London.
T. W. R. . T. WEMYSS REID, Editor of the Leeds Mercury.
W. R. . . WHITELAW REID, Editor of the New York Tribune.
W. Ri. . . WILLIAM RIDGEWAY, M.A., Professor of Greek,
Queen's College, Cork.
WILLIAM RUSSELL, M.D., M.R.C.P.E., Edinburgh
[article SIMPSON, J. Y.].
W. C. R. . WM. CHANDLER ROBERTS-AUSTEN, F.R.S., Chemist
of the Royal Mint, London.
W. F. R. . W. FRASER RAE, author of "Wilkes, Sheridan,
Fox : the Opposition under George III."
496
W.J.M.R. W. J. MACQUORN RANKINE, LL.D., author of "A
Manual of Applied Mechanics."
W. M. R. "W. M. ROSSETTI, author of " Lives of Famous
Poets."
W.M.RA. WM. M. RAMSAY, M.A., Professor of Humanity,
University of Aberdeen.
W.R.S.R. W. R, S. RALSTON, author of "Songs of the
Russian People."
W. S. R. . W. S. ROCKSTRO, author of " A General History
of Music."
W. T. R. . TV. T. RONSON, Registry and Record Department,
India Office, London.
S
The Rt. Hon. the Earl of SELBORNE, D.C.L., F.R.S.
ALEXANDER SMITH, author of " A Life Drama and
other Poems."
A. S*. . . ARTHUR SCHUSTER, Ph.D., F.R.S. , Professor of
Applied Mathematics, Owens College, Man
chester.
ANDREW SETH, M.A., Professor of Logic, Uni
versity of St Andrews.
ALBRECHT SOCIN, Ph.D., Professor of Semitic
Languages, University of Tubingen.
ANTHYME ST PAUL, author of "Histoire Monu-
LIST OF
A. SE. .
A. So. .
A. S.-P.
A. Su. .
A. C. S.
A. E. S.
mentale de la France."
ALEXR. SUTHERLAND, M.A., Carl ton College, Mel
bourne.
ALGERNON C. SWINBURNE.
ARTHUR EVERITT SHIPLEY, M.A., Fellow of Christ's
College, and Demonstrator of Comparative
Anatomy, University of Cambridge.
A. H. S. . ARCHIBALD HENRY SAYCE, M.A., Deputy Professor
of Comparative Philology, University of
Oxford.
A. L. S. . Rev. A. L. SIMPSON, D.D., Derby.
B. S. . . BALFOUR STEWART (the late), LL.D., F.R.S., Pro
fessor of Natural Philosophy, Owens College,
Manchester.
Eev. C. ANDERSON SCOTT, M.A., Aberdeen.
C. A. S.
C. M. S. ,
C. P. B. S.
D. S. .
E. S. .
E. S* .
E. Si.
Prof. C. MICHIE SMITH, B.Sc., Christian College,
Madras.
C. P. B. SHELLEY, Professor of Machinery, King's
College, London.
DAVID STEVENSON, C.E., author of "Canal and
River Engineering."
EDWARD SANG, LL.D., author of " Progressive
Lessons in Applied Science."
E. SCHURER, Ph.D., Professor of Theology, Uni
versity of Giessen.
G. EUUARD SIEVERS, Ph.D., Professor of German
Languages, University of Tubingen.
EDWARD J. L. SCOTT, M.A., British Museum
[article GAUDEN].
E. A. S. . EDWARD ALBERT SCHAFKR, F.R.S., Jodrell Pro
fessor of Physiology, University College,
London.
E. G. S. . E. G. SQUIER, author of "Notes on Central
America."
E. M.S. . Mrs HENRY SIDGWICK, Cambridge.
F. S. . . FRANCIS STORE, M.A., author of "Tables of
Irregular Greek Verbs."
G. S*.
G. Sf. ,
G. SA. .
G. SH.
G. SM.
G. ST.
H. S.
F. SN. . . Prof. FREEMAN SNOW, Harvard University, Cam
bridge, Mass.
F. E. S. . FREDERICK E. SAWYER, K.S.A., Brighton.
F. G. S. . F. G. STEPHENS, author of " Sir Edwin Landseer.
GEORGE SMITH, author of " Assyrian Explorations
and Discoveries."
GOLDWIN SMITH, M.A., D.C.L., author of " Three
English Statesmen."
Prof. GUSTAV STORM, University of Christiania.
GEORGE SAINTSBURY, M.A., author of "A Short
History of French Literature."
Hon. Justice SHEA, author of " Life and Epoch
of Hamilton."
GEORGE SMITH, LL.D., C.I.E., Editor of "Annals
of Indian Administration, 1868-69."
GEORGE STEWART, jun., Editor of the Chronicle,
Quebec.
G. B. S. . GEO. BARNETT SMITH, author of " Poets and
Novelists : a Series of Literary Studies."
G. E. S. . GEORGE EDMUND STREET, R.A., author of "The
Gothic Architecture of Spain."
. HENRY SIDGWICK, Litt.D., Knightbridge Professor
of Moral Philosophy, University of Cam
bridge.
H. Sw. . HENRY SWEET, M.A., author of "An Anglo-Saxon
Reader."
H. M. S. . H. MORSE STEPHENS, author of "History of the
French Revolution."
J. S. . . JAMES SULLY, LL.D., author of "Sensation and
Intuition."
J. S*. . . JOHN SMITH, M.D., LL.D., Consulting Surgeon-Den
tist, Edinburgh Dental Hospital and School.
J. S., JR. . Rev. JAMES SIBREE, F.R.G.S., author of "The
Great African Island."
J. Sc. . . JOHN SCOTT, F.Z.S., joint-author of "The British
Hemiptcra."
J. SH. . . JAMES SHARPE, late Editor of the Archer's Register.
J. Si. . . JAMES SIME, M.A., author of "Lessing," and of
" A History of Germany."
J. SM. . . JOHN SMALL (the late), LL.D., University Librarian,
Edinburgh.
J. So. . . JOHN SOUTHWARD, London.
J. ST. . . Dr JOHN STORER, Glasgow.
J. ST*. . . JOHAN STORM, LL.D., Professor of Philology,
University of Christiania.
JOHN STEPHEN, Edinburgh [article ACCUMULATOR].
J. A. S. . JOHN ADDINGTON SYMONDS, M.A., author of " The
Renaissance in Italy."
J. A. S*. . J. AUSTIN STEVENS, New York, Editor of the
Magazine of American History.
J. C. S. . JOHN CAMPBELL SHAIRP, LL.D., author of "Culture
and Religion."
J. CH. S. . J. CH. SAWER, Tottenham, Middlesex.
J. F. S. . Rev. J. F. SMITH, author of " Studies in Religion
under German Masters."
J. G. S. . J. D. GILMARY SHEA, LL.D., author of "Discovery
and Exploration of the Mississippi Valley."
J. H. S. . JAMES H. STODDART, late Editor of the Glasgou-
Herald.
J. M. S. . J. MONTGOMERY STUART, late of Perugia.
J. R. S. . JOHN K. SEELEY, LL.D., Regius Professor of
Modern History, University of Cambridge.
CONTRIBUTORS.
497
J. S. S.-G. JOHN S. STUART-GLENNIE, author of " Pilgvini
Memories."
J. T. S. . JOHN T. SHORT, Ph.D., Professor of History, State
University, Columbus, Ohio.
J. W. S. . J. W. SHEAHAN, Editor, The Times, Chicago, 111.
L. T. S. . Miss L. TOULMIN SMITH, Editor of "York Plays."
M. S. S. . Prof. M. S. SNOW, Washington University, St
Louis, Mo.
N. VON SEIDLITZ, Tiflis, Caucasia [articles
LESGHIANS, &c.].
R. S. . . Lieut.-Gen. RICHARD STRACHEY, R.E., c.s.i., F.R.S.,
President of the Royal Geographical Society,
London.
R. So. . . ROBERT SOMERS, author of " Trade Unions."
R. H. S. . RICHARD HENRY STODDARD, author of "Nathaniel
Hawthorne."
R. H. S*. . R. H. SMITH, Professor of Civil and Mechanical
Engineering, Mason Science College, Bir
mingham.
ROBERT HUNTER SEMPLE, M.U., London [article
APOTHECARY].
R. L. S. . ROBERT Louis STEVENSON.
ROBERT S. STEPHEN, Advocate, Douglas, Isle of
Man [article MAN, Isle of].
S. D. F. S. Rev. S. D. F. SALMOND, D.D., Professor of
Systematic Theology, Free Church College,
Aberdeen.
S. M. S.-S. SOLOMON M. SCHILLER-SZINESSY, M.A., Ph.D.,
Reader in Talmudic and Rabbinic Litera
ture, University of Cambridge.
THOMAS SHAW, LL.B., Advocate, Edinburgh.
THOMAS STEVENSON, M.D., Lecturer on Medical
Jurisprudence, Guy's Hospital, London.
THOMAS SINCLAIR, London.
T. S. .
T. S* .
T. Si. .
T. ST. .
THOMAS STEVENSON, C.E., author of " Lighthouse
Construction and Illumination."
THOMAS SHEARER, Glasgow ["Boatbuilding ' in
article SHIP].
T. B. S. . THOMAS BOND SPRAGUE, M.A., F.A.S., Manager,
Scottish Equitable Life Assurance Society,
Edinburgh.
T. W. S. . Captain T. W. SYMONS, U.S. Engineers.
\V. S. . . WILLIAM SPALDING, author of "The History of
English Literature."
W. S.-B. . WILHELM SPITTA-BEY (the late), Keeper of the
Vice-Regal Library, Cairo.
W. SH. . WILLIAM SHARP, author of "Sonnets of this
Century."
W. Si. . . WM. SIMONS, late Superintendent of Schools,
Charleston, South Carolina.
W. SM. . WILLIAM SMITH, LL.D., D.C.L., Editor of the
" Dictionary of Greek and Roman Anti
quities."
WILLIAM SIME, London [articles JOSEPHINE, &c.].
W. STEAD, late of Northern Echo, Darlington
[article DARLINGTON].
W. STEEL, Carlisle [article CARLISLE].
W. B. S. . W. BROWNING SMITH (the late), Sub-editor of the
Encyclopaedia Britannica.
W. B. Sc. WM. BELL SCOTT, London.
Mrs W. B. SCOTT, London [article GIOBERTI].
W. C. S. . WM. CHARLES SMITH, LL.B., Advocate, Edinburgh.
W. C. S*. Rev. WALTER SMITH, D.D., LL.D., author of " Olrig
Grange."
W. G. S. . W. G. SUMNER, Professor of Political and Social
Science, Yale College, New Haven, Conn.
W. G. SM. WORTHINGTON G. SMITH, author of " Mushrooms
and Toadstools, How to distinguish."
W. J. S. . W. JOHNSON SOLLAS, LL.D., Professor of Geology,
Trinity College, Dublin.
W. K. S. . WM. K. SULLIVAN, Ph.D., D.SC., President, Queen's
College, Cork.
W. N. S. . WM. N. SHAW, M.A., Lecturer in Natural Science
and Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge.
W. R. S. . WM. ROBERTSON SMITH, LL.D., Librarian, Univer
sity of Cambridge, Editor of the Encyclo
pedia Britannica.
W. R. So. W. R. SORLEY, M.A., Professor of Logic and Phil
osophy, University College, Cardiff.
W. S. S. . Rev. Canon SAUMAREZ SMITH, B.D., Principal, St
Aidan's College, Birkenhead, Cheshire.
W. W. S. . Rev. WALTER W. SKEAT, LL.D., Professor of
Anglo-Saxon, University of Cambridge.
\V. Y. S. . WM. Y. SELLAR, LL.D., Professor of Humanity,
University of Edinburgh.
A. T. . . ALLEN THOMSON (the late), M.D., LL.D., D.C.L.,
F.R.S., Professor of Anatomy, University of
Glasgow.
A. A. T. . ARTHUR AUGUSTUS TILLEY, Fellow and Classical
Lecturer, King's College, Cambridge.
C. T. . . COUTTS TROTTER, F.R.G.S., Edinburgh.
C. P. T. . Prof. C. P. TIELE, University of Leyden, author
of " Manuel del'Histoire des Religions."
C. S. T. . CHARLES SISSMORE TOMES, M.A., F.R.S., London.
C. W. T. . Sir CHARLES WYVILLE THOMSON (the late), M.D.,
LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., Director of the Challenger
Expedition.
D. T. . . DAVID THOMSON (the late), M.A., Professor of
Natural Philosophy, University of Aberdeen.
D. R. T. . Rev. Canon D. R. THOMAS, M.A., Meifod Vicarage,
Montgomeryshire.
D. W. T. . D'ARCY WENTWORTH THOMPSON, B.A., Professor
of Biology, University College, Dundee.
E. B. T. . EDWARD BURNETT TYLOR, LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S.,
Keeper of the University Museum, Oxford.
E. C. T. . E. C. THOMAS, London.
E. F. T. . E. FAIRFAX TAYLOR, Weybridge, Surrey.
E. M. T. . EDWARD MAUNDE THOMPSON, LL.D., D.C.L., Prin
cipal Librarian, British Museum.
F. J. T. . Prof. F. J. TURNER, State University, Madison,
Wisconsin.
H. T. . . HENRY TRIMEN, M.B., F.R.S., Director, Royal
Botanic Gardens, Ceylon.
H. F. T. . Rev. HENRY FANSHAWE TOZER, M.A., Tutor and
Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford.
H. M. T. . HENRY MARTYN TAYLOR, M.A., Fellow of Trinity
College, Cambridge.
H. R. T. . HENRY R. TEDDER, Librarian, Athenasuin Club,
London.
J. T. . . Very Rev. JOHN TULLOCH (the late), D.D., LL.D.,
Principal of St Mary's College, University of
St Andrews.
XXV. — 63
498
J. TH. .
LIST OF
J. B. T. . .
J. B. TE. .
T. W. T. ,
M. R. T.
O. T. .
P. A. T.
P. G. T.
R. T. .
T. T. .
T. A. T.
W. T. . .
W. T*. .
W. TH. .
W. Tu. .
W. B. T. .
W. C. T. .
W. T. T. .
W. C. U. .
A. V. . .
A. W. V. .
E. V. . .
J. V. . .
J. B. V. .
L. V. . .
L.F. V.-H.
JOSEPH THOMSON, F.R.G.S., author of "Through
Masai Land."
JOHN TAYLOR, Librarian, Free Library, Bristol
[article BRISTOL].
J. ARTHUR THOMSON, Edinburgh [article TREVI-
RANUS].
J. BATTY TUKE, M.D., Lecturer on Insanity, School
of Medicine, Edinburgh.
Captain J. BRECHAN TELFER, R.N., London.
Hon. Justice TURNBULL, B.A., Pietermaritzburg,
Natal.
J. W. H. TRAILL, M.D., Professor of Botany,
University of Aberdeen [articles MACGILLI-
VRAY, &C.].
Hon. M. RUSSELL THAYER, Philadelphia.
MARIE vox THILO, London [article GRANADA].
M. R. OLDFIELD THOMAS, British Museum.
P. A. TIELE, University Librarian, Utrecht.
P. G. TAIT, M.A., D.SC., Sec. R.S.E., Professor of
Natural Philosophy, University of Edinburgh.
Sir RICHARD TEMPLE, Bart., G.C.S.I., D.C.L., M.P.
Sir TRAVERS Twiss, Q.C., D.C.L., F.R.S., author of
the " Law of Nations."
THOS. ADOLPHUS TROLLOPE, author of " Story of
the Life of Pius IX."
THOMAS CHAS. THORBURN, Borough Surveyor,
Birkenhead [article BIRKENHEAD].
Sir WILLIAM TURNER, M.B., LL.D., F.R.S., Professor
of Anatomy, University of Edinburgh.
WILLIAM THOMSON, M.A., Professor of Mathe
matics, Stellenbosch College, South Africa.
Sir WILLIAM THOMSON, LL.D., F.R.S., Professor of
Natural Philosophy, University of Glasgow.
Rev. WILLIAM TURNER, author of "Studies,
Biblical and Oriental."
WM. BERNHARD TEGETMEIER, F.Z.S., author of
"The Poultry Book."
W. CAVE THOMAS, author of "Symmetrical
Education."
WM. THOS. THORNTON, author of "A Plea for
Peasant Proprietors."
U
W. CAWTHORNE UNWIN, B.SC., F.R.S., Professor of
Engineering, Central Institute, City and
Guilds of London.
V
AUGUST VOELCKER (the late), F.R.S., Professor of
Chemistry, Agricultural Society of England.
ALBERT D. VANDAM, London [articles AMSTERDAM,
CASANOVA].
ARTHUR WOOLLGAR VERRALL, M.A., Lecturer in
Classics and Fellow of Trinity College, Cam
bridge.
Rev. Canon VENABLES, M.A., Precentor of Lin
coln.
JOHN VEITCH, LL.D., Professor of Logic and
Rhetoric, University of Glasgow.
J. BEEKERING VINCKERS, Kampen, Holland.
Madame LINDA VILLARI, Florence.
LEVESON FRANCIS VERNON-HARCOURT, M.A., C.E.,
S.
Professor of Civil Engineering and Surveying,
University College, London.
V. . . Prof. PASQUALE VILLARI, Istituto Reale,
Florence.
Prof. P. J. VETH, University of Amsterdam [article
MELVILL].
H. V. . SYDNEY HOWARD VINES, D.SC., F.R.S., Sherardian
Professor of Botany, University of Oxford.
W. . . ANDREW WILSON, Ph.D., Lecturer on Zoology and
Comparative Anatomy, School of Medicine,
Edinburgh.
WH. . ALEXANDER WHYTOCK (the late), Carpet Manu
facturer, Edinburgh.
Wl. . A. WIREN, Ph.D., Upsala.
M. W. . A. M. WELLINGTON, Mem. Am. Soc. C. E., New
York.
A. N. WOLLASTON, C.I.E., Department of Rev
enue, Statistics and Commerce, India Office,
London.
R. \V. . ALFRED R. WALLACE, author of "Theory of
Natural Selection."
S. W. . A. S. WILKINS, LL.D., Professor of Latin and
Comparative Philology, Owens College,
Manchester.
W. W. ADOLPHUS WM. WARD, Litt.D., Professor of
History and English Literature, Owens
College, Manchester.
W. W*. Major ARTHUR WELLESLEY AVmTE, R.A., In
structor, School of Gunnery, Woolwich.
ARTHUR W. WRIGHT, Professor of Molecular
Physics and Chemistry, Yale College, New
Haven, Conn, [article SILLIMAN].
W. . . BENJAMIN WILLIAMSON, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of
Natural Philosophy, University c/f Dublin.
W. . . CORNELIUS WALFORD, author of " Famines of the
World, Past and Present."
H. W. . C. HEATH WILSON, author of "Life and Works of
Michelangelo."
P. W. . C. PAGE WOOD, Scrope, Kelveden, Essex.
R.A.W. CHARLES R. ALDER WRIGHT, D.SC., F.R.S.,
London.
W. . . Sir DANIEL WILSON, LL.D., President, University
College, Toronto.
WR. . DANIEL WRIGHT, M.D., St Andrews, late of
Nepaul.
F. W. . DANIEL F. WRIGHT, M.D., Clarksville, Ten
nessee.
W. . . Rev. EDWIN WALLACE, M.A., author of " Outlines
of the Philosophy of Aristotle."
WA. . Rev. EDMUND WARRE, D.D., Head Master of Eton
College.
W. . . FREDERICK WALTERS, London, late of Santiago
de Chile.
WA. . FRANCIS WATT, M.A., Barrister-at-Law, London.
WE. . FREDERICK WEDMORE, author of "Masters of
Genre Painting."
A. W. . General F. A. WALKER, Superintendent, LTnited
States Tenth Census, Washington, D.C.
E. W. . Rev. FREDERICK E. WARREN, B.D., Frenchay
Rectory, Bristol.
CONTRIBUTO 11 8.
499
G. W. . . GEORGE WALLIS, Keeper of Art Collection, South
Kensington Museum.
H. W. . . HENRY WOODWARD, LL.D., F.R.S., Keeper of
Department of Geology, British Museum.
H. WA. . HERMANN WAGNER, Ph.D., Professor of Geography,
University of Gottingen.
H. A. W. . HUGH A. WEBSTER, University Librarian, Edin
burgh, Sub-editor of the Encyclopaedia
Britannica.
H. B. W. . HENRY BRINGHURST WILSON, late of the British
Museum.
H. B. W*. H. B. WHEATLEY, Secretary, Topographical
Society of London.
H. E. W. . HENRY EDWARD WATTS, Translator of "The In-
« '
genious Gentleman, Don Quixote of La
Mancha."
H. F. W. . II. F. WILKINSON, late of the Field, London.
H. M. W. II. MARSHALL WARD, M.A., Professor of Botany,
Royal Engineering College, Cooper's Hill.
H. TRUEMAN WOOD, M.A., Secretary, Society of
Arts, London [articles MONOPOLY, TRADE
MARKS].
H. W. W. Rev. HENRY WM. WATSON, D.SC., Berkeswell
Rectory, Coventry.
I. W. . . ISAAC WATTS, late Chairman, Cotton Supply
Association, Manchester.
J. W. . . JOHN WILSON (the late), Edington Mains, Ber
wickshire.
J. W*. . . JAMES WARD, SC.D., Lecturer in Moral Science
and Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
J. Wf. . . JAMES WILLIAMS, B.C.L., Barrister-at-Law, Liu-
coin's Inn, London.
J. WA. . . JOHN WARRACK, Mercantile Marine Board, Leith.
J. WE. . . JULIUS WELLHAUSEN, D.D., Professor of Semitic
Languages and History, University of Mar
burg.
J. Wi. . . JUSTIN WINSOR, Harvard University Librarian,
Cambridge, Mass.
J. Wi*. . Rev. JOHN WILSON, M.A., late of Abernyte,
Forfarshire.
JOHN WATSON, Edinburgh [article BAIKIE].
JOSEPH WHITAKER, Proprietor of the Bookseller,
London [" Bookselling " in article BOOK].
J. C. W. . JAMES CLAUDE WEBSTER, Middle Temple, Barris
ter-at-Law, London.
J. C. WA. . J. CLIFTON WARD, Keswick.
J. D. W. . JOSIAH DWIGHT WHITNEY, Sturgis-Hooper Pro
fessor of Geology, Harvard University, Cam
bridge, Mass.
J. F. W. . JOHN F. WHITE, LL.D., Dundee.
J. T. W. . GeneraJ JAS. T. WALKER, R.E., C.B., LL.D., F.R.S.,
Director General, Trig. Survey, India.
M. A. W. .Mrs HUMPHRY WARD, author of "Robert
Elsmere."
R. W. . . Rev, ROBERT WALLACE, D.D., M.P., late Professor
of Church History, University of Edinburgh.
R. W*. . RICHARD WILLIAMS, Newtown, Montgomeryshire.
R. Wi. . ROBERT WILSON, London.
R. M. W. . R. MORTIMER WHEELER, Glasgow.
R. N. W. . RALPH NICHOLSON WORNUM, author of "Analysis
of Ornament, Characteristics of Style."
S. A. W. . STEWART A. WYLLIE, late of Plymouth.
S. J. W. . Rev. S. J. WHITMEE, F.R.G.S., Rathmines, Co.
Dublin.
T. W. . . W. THEODORE WATTS, Putney Hill, London.
THOS. HUMPHRY WARD, M.A., author of " English
Art in the Public Galleries of London" [article
HOLLAR].
T. HOLT WHITE, London [article CALAIS].
T. AI. W. . THOS. M'KINNON WOOD, London.
W. W. . . WILLIAM WALLACE, M.A., Whyte's Professor of
Moral Philosophy, University of Oxford.
W. W*. . WILLIAM WRIGHT, LL.D., Professor of Arabic,
University of Cambridge.
W. Wi. . WILLIAM WILSON, Glasgow, author of "The
Swimming Instructor."
W. WR. . WILLIAM WRIGHT, Virginia City, Nevada.
WILLIAM WALLACE, Herald Office, Glasgow [article
AURELIUS].
W. A. WHYTE, Edinburgh [articles BAYARD, &c.].
W. C. W. . WM. CRAWFORD WILLIAMSON, LL.D., F.R.S., Pro
fessor of Botany, Owens College, Manchester.
W. D. W. . WILLIAM DWIGHT WHITNEY, LL.D., Professor of
Sanskrit, Yale College, New Haven, Conn.
W. H. W. . Maj.-Gen. W. H. WARDELL, R.A., late of the
Royal Gunpowder Factory, Waltham Abbey.
W. H. K. WRIGHT, Librarian, Free Library,
Plymouth [article PLYMOUTH].
W. M. WATSON [article COLUMBIA, District of].
W.S.B.W. W. S. B. WOOLHOUSE, author of "Weights and
Measures of all Nations."
. CHARLES YRIARTE, author of "L'Histoire de
Venice."
E. S. YOVTCHEFF, National Library, Sofia,
Bulgaria [articles VARNA, WIDDIN].
FRANCIS YOUNG, London [article ALI PASHA].
H. Y. . . Colonel HENRY YULE, R.E., C.B., LL.D., author of
" The Book of Marco Polo."
J. Y. . . JOHN YOUNG, M.D., Professor of Natural History,
University of Glasgow.
THIS LIST DOES NOT INCLUDE TRANSLATORS
OR REVISERS.
PRINTED FOR A. & C. BLACK BY NEILL & CO., EDINBURGH.
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